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56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | As the battle raged on through 1938, Wuhan and the surrounding region had become the site of the [[Battle of Wuhan]]. After being taken by the Japanese in late 1938, Wuhan became a major Japanese logistics center for operations in southern China. | [] | Wuhan | {
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{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"start": 529,
"end": 775
}
] | Section::::Qing dynasty.:Republic of China.:Battle of Wuhan. |
56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | In early October 1938, Japanese troops moved east and north in the outskirts of Wuhan. As a result, numerous companies and enterprises and large numbers of people had to withdraw from Wuhan to the west of Hubei and Sichuan. The KMT navy undertook the responsibility of defending the Yangtze River on patrol and covering the withdrawal. | [] | Wuhan | {
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} | [
{
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"start": 0,
"end": 335
}
] | Section::::Qing dynasty.:Republic of China.:Battle of Wuhan. |
56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | On October 24, while overseeing the waters of the Yangtze River near the town of Jinkou (Jiangxia District in Wuhan) in Wuchang, the KMT [[gunboat]] "[[Chinese gunboat Chung Shan|Zhongshan]]" came up against six Japanese aircraft. Though two were eventually shot down, the "Zhongshan" sank with 25 casualties. | [] | Wuhan | {
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{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"start": 336,
"end": 645
}
] | Section::::Qing dynasty.:Republic of China.:Battle of Wuhan. |
56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | Raised from the bottom of the Yangtze River in 1997, and restored at a local shipyard, the "Zhongshan" has been moved to a purpose-built museum in Wuhan's suburban [[Jiangxia District]], which opened on September 26, 2011. | [] | Wuhan | {
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"start": 646,
"end": 868
}
] | Section::::Qing dynasty.:Republic of China.:Battle of Wuhan. |
56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | As a key center on the Yangtze, Wuhan was an important base for Japanese operations in China and the Chinese leadership in Chongqing, namely Chiang Kai-shek, Chen Cheng and He Yingqin, approved the tactic of strategic firebombing of the major occupied city of Wuhan. In December 1944, the city was largely destroyed by U.S. [[firebombing]] raids conducted by the [[Fourteenth Air Force]]. | [] | Wuhan | {
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{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"start": 0,
"end": 388
}
] | Section::::Qing dynasty.:Republic of China.:Bombing of Wuhan. |
56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | On 18 December 1944, Wuhan was bombed by 77 American bombers that set off a firestorm that destroyed much of the city. For the next three days, Wuhan was bombed by the Americans, destroying all of the docks and warehouses of Wuhan, as well as the Japanese air bases in the city. The air raids killed thousands of Chinese civilians. "According to casualty statistics compiled by Hankou city in 1946, more than 20,000 were killed or injured in the December bombings of 1944." | [] | Wuhan | {
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"start": 389,
"end": 862
}
] | Section::::Qing dynasty.:Republic of China.:Bombing of Wuhan. |
56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | [[File:PLA troops enter to Hankou.jpg|thumb|[[People's Liberation Army]] troops at Zhongshan Avenue, Hankou on May 16, 1949]] People's Liberation Army troops entered Wuhan on May 16, 1949. | [] | Wuhan | {
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"start": 0,
"end": 125
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"start": 0,
"end": 62
}
] | Section::::Qing dynasty.:Republic of China.:Chinese Civil War. |
56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | [[File:Wuhan-Flood-Memorial-0220.jpg|thumb|In his poem "Swimming" (1956), engraved on the [[1954 Yangtze River Floods|1954 Flood]] Memorial in Wuhan, [[Mao Zedong]] envisions "walls of stone" to be erected upstream.|left]] The [[Changjiang Water Resources Commission]] was re-established in February 1950 with its headquarters seated in Wuhan. | [] | Wuhan | {
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"start": 0,
"end": 222
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"start": 0,
"end": 120
}
] | Section::::Qing dynasty.:People's Republic of China.:1954 Yangtze River floods. |
56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | From June to September 1954, the [[1954 Yangtze River floods|Yangtze River Floods]] were a series of catastrophic floodings that occurred mostly in Hubei Province. Due to unusually high volume of precipitation as well as an extraordinarily long rainy season in the middle stretch of the Yangtze River late in the spring of 1954, the river started to rise above its usual level in around late June. | [] | Wuhan | {
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"start": 0,
"end": 397
}
] | Section::::Qing dynasty.:People's Republic of China.:1954 Yangtze River floods. |
56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | Despite efforts to open three important flood gates to alleviate the rising water by diverting it, the flood level continued to rise until it hit the historic high of 44.67 m in Jingzhou, Hubei and 29.73 m in Wuhan. The number of dead from this flood was estimated at around 33,000, including those who died of plague in the aftermath of the disaster. In 1969, a large stone monument was erected in the riverside park in Hankou honoring the heroic deeds in fighting the 1954 Yangtze River floods. | [] | Wuhan | {
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"end": 749
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"start": 0,
"end": 144
}
] | Section::::Qing dynasty.:People's Republic of China.:1954 Yangtze River floods. |
56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | Before construction of the [[Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge]], [[Hunslet Engine Company]] built two extra heavy [[0-8-0]] locomotives for loading the [[Train ferry|train ferries]] for crossing the Yangtze River in Wuhan. [[File:Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge-1.jpg|thumb|[[Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge|The First Yangtze River Bridge]]]] | [] | Wuhan | {
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} | [
{
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},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"start": 0,
"end": 109
}
] | Section::::Qing dynasty.:People's Republic of China.:Completion of the First Yangtze River Bridge. |
56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | The project of building the [[Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge]], also known as the First Yangtze River Bridge, was regarded as one of the key projects during the first five-year plan. The Engineering Bureau of the First Yangtze River Bridge, set up by the Ministry of Railway in April 1953, was responsible for the design and construction of the bridge. The document "Resolutions on Building the First Yangtze River Bridge" was passed in the 203rd conference of State Council on January 15, 1954. | [] | Wuhan | {
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"start": 0,
"end": 491
}
] | Section::::Qing dynasty.:People's Republic of China.:Completion of the First Yangtze River Bridge. |
56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | The technical conference on the routes of the bridge, held in Hankou on January 15, 1955, determined that the route from Tortoise Hill to Snake Hill was the best choice. | [] | Wuhan | {
"revid": 856394393,
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{
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"start": 492,
"end": 661
}
] | Section::::Qing dynasty.:People's Republic of China.:Completion of the First Yangtze River Bridge. |
56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | On October 25, 1955, construction began on the bridge proper. The same day in 1957, the whole project was completed and an opening-to-traffic ceremony was held on October 15. The bridge is long, of which the upper level is a highway with a width of and the lower level is a double-line railway with a width of . The bridge proper is long with two pairs of eight piers and nine arches with a space of between each arch. | [] | Wuhan | {
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{
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"start": 0,
"end": 418
}
] | Section::::Qing dynasty.:People's Republic of China.:Completion of the First Yangtze River Bridge. |
56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | The First Yangtze River Bridge united the [[Beijing–Hankou Railway]] with the [[Guangdong–Hankou Railway]] into the [[Beijing–Guangzhou Railway]], making Wuhan a thoroughfare to nine provinces in name and in fact. | [] | Wuhan | {
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"start": 419,
"end": 632
}
] | Section::::Qing dynasty.:People's Republic of China.:Completion of the First Yangtze River Bridge. |
56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | After Chengdu Conference, Mao went to Chongqing and Wuhan in April to inspect the countryside and factories. In Wuhan, he called all the leaders of provinces and municipalities who had not attended Chengdu Conference to report their work. Tian Jiaying, the secretary of Mao, said that Wuhan Conference was a supplement to Chengdu Conference. | [] | Wuhan | {
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"start": 0,
"end": 341
}
] | Section::::Qing dynasty.:People's Republic of China.:Beidaihe Conference. |
56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | In July 1967, civil strife struck the city in the Wuhan Incident ("July 20th Incident"), an armed conflict between two hostile groups who were fighting for control over the city at the height of the [[Cultural Revolution]]. | [] | Wuhan | {
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 58,
"start": 0,
"end": 223
}
] | Section::::Qing dynasty.:People's Republic of China.:Wuhan Incident. |
56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | On June 22, 2000, a [[Wuhan Airlines]] flight from [[Enshi Xujiaping Airport|Enshi]] to Wuhan was forced to circle for 30 minutes due to thunderstorms. The aircraft eventually crashed on the banks of [[Han River (Hanshui)|Han River]] in [[Hanyang District]], all on-board perished (there were varying accounts of number of crews and passengers). In addition, the crash also killed 7 people on the ground. | [] | Wuhan | {
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 60,
"start": 0,
"end": 404
}
] | Section::::Qing dynasty.:People's Republic of China.:Crash of Wuhan Airlines Flight 343. |
56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | Chinese protesters organized boycotts of the French-owned retail chain [[Carrefour]] in major Chinese cities including [[Kunming]], [[Hefei]] and Wuhan, accusing the French nation of pro-[[secession]]ist conspiracy and [[anti-Chinese]] racism. The BBC reported that hundreds of people demonstrated in Beijing, Wuhan, Hefei, Kunming and [[Qingdao]]. | [] | Wuhan | {
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 62,
"start": 0,
"end": 348
}
] | Section::::Qing dynasty.:People's Republic of China.:2008 Summer Olympics Boycotts. |
56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | On May 19, 2011, [[Fang Binxing]], the Principal of [[Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications]] (also known as "Father of [[Great Firewall of China|China's Great Fire Wall]]") was hit on the chest by a shoe thrown at him by a [[Huazhong University of Science and Technology]] student who calls herself "hanunyi" (Chinese:寒君依, or 小湖北) while Fang was giving a lecture at [[Wuhan University]]. | [] | Wuhan | {
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 64,
"start": 0,
"end": 401
}
] | Section::::Qing dynasty.:People's Republic of China.:Internet Firewall. |
56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | According to [[Radio France Internationale|RFI]], the student discussed the planned shoe attack on [[Twitter]] and, with the help of other bloggers, was able to locate the exact whereabouts and the time of Fang's lecture. After the shoeing, "Hanunyi" walked out while other students tried to obstruct school teachers who were going to detain her. "Hanunyi" became an instant internet hero of the Chinese blogosphere. | [] | Wuhan | {
"revid": 856394393,
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} | [
{
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"start": 402,
"end": 818
}
] | Section::::Qing dynasty.:People's Republic of China.:Internet Firewall. |
56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | During an interview with [[CNN]], "Hanunyi" said, "I'm not happy about what (Fang) does. His work made me spend unnecessary money to get access to the website that is supposed to be free... He makes my online surfing very inconvenient." | [] | Wuhan | {
"revid": 856394393,
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"pre_dump": true,
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} | [
{
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"start": 819,
"end": 1055
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] | Section::::Qing dynasty.:People's Republic of China.:Internet Firewall. |
56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | [[File:Wuhan University - Water Resources Lab - Yu the Great - DSCF4288.JPG|thumb|The Water Resources and Hydro Power Lab, [[Wuhan University]] (2005)]] | [] | Wuhan | {
"revid": 856394393,
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"pre_dump": true,
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 66,
"start": 0,
"end": 152
}
] | Section::::Qing dynasty.:People's Republic of China.:Flooding in the 2010's. |
56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | The city has been subject to devastating floods, which are now supposed to be controlled by the ambitious [[Three Gorges Dam]], a project which was completed in 2008. The [[2008 Chinese winter storms]] damaged water supply equipment in Wuhan: up to 100,000 people were out of running water when several water pipes burst, cutting the supply to local households. The [[2010 Northern Hemisphere summer heat waves|2010 Northern Hemisphere summer heat wave]] hit Wuhan on July 3. | [] | Wuhan | {
"revid": 856394393,
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} | [
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] | Section::::Qing dynasty.:People's Republic of China.:Flooding in the 2010's. |
56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | In the [[2010 China floods]], the [[Han River (Hanshui)|Han River]] at Wuhan experienced its worst flooding in twenty years, as officials continued sandbagging efforts along the Han and Yangtze Rivers in the city and checked reservoirs. In the [[2011 China floods]], Wuhan was flooded, with parts of the city losing power. | [] | Wuhan | {
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} | [
{
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"start": 0,
"end": 322
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] | Section::::Qing dynasty.:People's Republic of China.:Flooding in the 2010's. |
56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | In the [[2016 China floods]], Wuhan saw of rainfall during the first week of July, surpassing the record that fell on the city in 1991. A [[flood alert|red alert]] for heavy rainfall was issued on 2 July, the same day that eight people died after a section of a tall wall collapsed on top of them. The city's subway system, the [[Wuhan Metro]] was partially submerged as was the [[Wuhan Railway Station|main railway station]]. | [] | Wuhan | {
"revid": 856394393,
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} | [
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] | Section::::Qing dynasty.:People's Republic of China.:Flooding in the 2010's. |
56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | At least 14 city residents were killed, one was missing, and more than 80,000 were relocated. On January 31, 2018, [[Theresa May]], [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]], visited Wuhan, spoke at Wuhan University and visited the Yellow Crane Tower and the First Yangtze River Bridge. She took pictures at the Yellow Crane Tower and on the Wuchang District side of the Yangtze River at the First Yangtze River Bridge. | [] | Wuhan | {
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{
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] | Section::::Qing dynasty.:People's Republic of China.:Flooding in the 2010's. |
56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | [[Category:Wuhan]] [[Category:Histories of cities in China]] | [] | Wuhan | {
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] | Section::::References. |
21936170 | 21936170 | Project delivery assurance | The business term project delivery assurance (PDAS) describes a methodology employed in construction or development projects to monitor the project process to provide a clear indication of the status of that project at any given time. The purpose of a PDAS is to provide a level of assurance, to the various stakeholders in that project, that a given status or specified capability exists (or will exist, at a given point in the future), for the project or process being monitored by the system. | [
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] | Section::::Abstract |
|
21936170 | 21936170 | Project delivery assurance | The output from PDAS systems is often provided in the form of a digital dashboard, sometimes referred to as a "performance dashboard" or "performance management dashboard". | [
{
"text": "digital dashboard",
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] | Section::::Abstract |
|
21936170 | 21936170 | Project delivery assurance | The issue with digital dashboards such as those described above, is the loss of focus when the indicated status is reduced to a percentage or S-curve. For example, if an S-curve shows 80% completion, does that infer everything is at 80% or might it indicate that four out of five are complete whilst the other one is not started. | [] | {
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{
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] | Section::::Abstract |
|
21936170 | 21936170 | Project delivery assurance | This might be OK if you are reporting by VOWD, but if it will take 2 months to do the outstanding work and you are two weeks from start-up, then Houston you have a problem (that the digital dashboard did not highlight). What this indicates is that performance and assurance are very different things. | [] | {
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|
21936170 | 21936170 | Project delivery assurance | Commonly referred to using the acronym OR&A, the concept is synonymous with PDAS in as much as both concepts have the same functionality. They both work within the same field, but whereas OR&A is geared to the operations/asset owners viewpoint, a PDAS focusses on the viewpoint of the project management to provide that same assurance for every aspect of the entire project. | [] | {
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{
"paragraph_id": 6,
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"end": 374
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] | Section::::Operations readiness and assurance. |
|
21936170 | 21936170 | Project delivery assurance | BULLET::::- Eckerson, Wayne W. (2006). Performance Dashboards: Measuring, Monitoring, and Managing Your Business. John Wiley & Sons. BULLET::::- Trevor L. Young, Successful Project Management (2000, 2006) 2nd edition, Kogan Page Ltd. | [
{
"text": "Eckerson, Wayne W.",
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{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"start": 0,
"end": 100
}
] | Section::::Further reading. |
|
21936160 | 21936160 | Acronicta oblinita | Acronicta oblinita, the smeared dagger moth, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in eastern North America, from Nova Scotia west across Canada to British Columbia, north to Lake Athabasca and south to Florida and Texas. The wingspan is 36–54 mm. Adults are on wing from May to July in one generation depending on the location. The fore wing is brown and the hind wing is off-white. Specimens from the southern states are larger and much paler than typical specimens from further north | [
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21936160 | 21936160 | Acronicta oblinita | The larvae feed on various forbs, shrubs, and trees. They are considered an occasional pest in the fruit industry due to defoliation of the host plants. | [] | Taxa named by James Edward Smith,Moths described in 1797,Acronicta,Moths of North America | {
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] | Section::::Abstract |
21936160 | 21936160 | Acronicta oblinita | BULLET::::- Species info BULLET::::- Species info | [
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{
"paragraph_id": 6,
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] | Section::::External links. |
21936166 | 21936166 | Cyrille Doyon | Cyrille Doyon (October 28, 1842 – January 7, 1918) was a Quebec merchant, farmer and political figure. He represented Laprairie in the House of Commons of Canada from 1887 to 1891 as an independent Liberal and Laprairie in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1892 to 1897 as a Conservative member. | [
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] | Section::::Abstract |
21936166 | 21936166 | Cyrille Doyon | He was born in St-Isidore, Canada East, the son of Antoine Doyon and Marie-Archange Pépin dit Lachance, and was educated at the Collège de Montréal. Doyan was a justice of the peace and an inspector for the Farmers' Assurance Company and for the Sovereign Assurance Company. In 1869, he married Vitaline Riopel. Doyon served as mayor of Saint-Isidore from 1874 to 1876. He established the first butter factory in Saint-Isidore in 1885. | [
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] | Section::::Abstract |
21936166 | 21936166 | Cyrille Doyon | Doyon was defeated when he ran for reelection to the House of Commons in 1891 and when he ran for reelection to the Quebec assembly in 1897. He moved to Montreal in 1898. Doyon died there at the age of 75 and was buried in the Notre-Dame-des-Neiges Cemetery. | [
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] | Section::::Abstract |
21936178 | 21936178 | Ulster Unionist Chief Whip | This is a list of people who served as Chief Whip of the Ulster Unionist Party in the Parliament of the United Kingdom, the Parliament of Northern Ireland and the Northern Ireland Assembly. | [
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] | Section::::Abstract |
21936178 | 21936178 | Ulster Unionist Chief Whip | Until 1969, Chief Whips were given the title "Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Finance". | [] | Ulster Unionist Party | {
"revid": 896430467,
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] | Section::::Parliament of Northern Ireland. |
21936178 | 21936178 | Ulster Unionist Chief Whip | Until 1969, Assistant Whips were given the title "Assistant Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Finance". | [] | Ulster Unionist Party | {
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} | [
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"paragraph_id": 5,
"start": 0,
"end": 112
}
] | Section::::Parliament of Northern Ireland.:Assistant Whips. |
21936132 | 21936132 | Minuscule 398 | Minuscule 398 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), α 398 (Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 10th century. Formerly it was designated by 9 and 11. | [
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21936132 | 21936132 | Minuscule 398 | The codex contains the text of the Acts of the Apostles, General epistles, and Pauline epistles on 251 parchment leaves () with lacunae (Acts 3:6-17; 1 Timothy 4:12-2 Timothy 4:3; Hebrews 7:20-11:10; 11:23-13:25). It is written in one column per page, in 22 lines per page. | [
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] | Section::::Description. |
21936132 | 21936132 | Minuscule 398 | The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type with exception for the General epistles. Aland placed it in Category V (except General epistles). The text of General epistles Aland assigned to the Category III. Aland gave for it the following textual profile: Acts 75 28 4 1, Cath 62 7 16 13, Paul 158 48 3 0. | [
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] | Section::::Text. |
21936132 | 21936132 | Minuscule 398 | Gregory dated it to the 11th or 12th century. Currently it is dated by the INTF to the 10th century. The manuscript once belonged to François Vatable, friend of Robert Estienne and professor of Hebrew in Paris. The manuscript probably was used in Editio Regia as ιγ'. It was slightly examined by Scholz, who catalogued it twice (as 9 and 112). Fenton Hort examined Catholic epistles. C. R. Gregory saw it in 1886. In 1908 Gregory gave for it number 398. | [
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"paragraph_id": 9,
"start": 0,
"end": 100
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"start": 0,
"end": 166
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"start": 0,
"end": 185
}
] | Section::::History. |
21936132 | 21936132 | Minuscule 398 | In the 18th century it was used as an argument against the authenticity of the Comma Johanneum. Formerly it was designated by 9 and 11. In 1908 Gregory gave the number 398 to it. The manuscript is currently housed at the Cambridge University Library (Kk. 6.4) in Cambridge. | [
{
"text": "Comma Johanneum",
"href": "Comma%20Johanneum",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 12,
"start": 79,
"end": 94
},
"start": 79,
"end": 94
},
{
"text": "Cambridge University Library",
"href": "Cambridge%20University%20Library",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 14,
"start": 42,
"end": 70
},
"start": 221,
"end": 249
},
{
"text": "Cambridge",
"href": "Cambridge",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 14,
"start": 84,
"end": 93
},
"start": 263,
"end": 272
}
] | Greek New Testament minuscules | {
"revid": 740665565,
"timestamp": "2016-09-22T14:04:16",
"parentid": 734874842,
"pre_dump": true,
"pageid": 21936132,
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minuscule%20398&oldid=740665565"
} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"start": 0,
"end": 95
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"start": 0,
"end": 82
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"start": 0,
"end": 94
}
] | Section::::History. |
21936132 | 21936132 | Minuscule 398 | Formerly number 398 (Scholz) belonged to a commentary housed in the Turin National University Library (C. II. 5). It contains 310 leaves (31.1 by 21.8 cm), written in 2 columns and 30 lines per page, dated to the 13th century. Gregory saw it in 1886. In 1908 Gregory removed it from the list of the New Testament manuscripts because it is rather a commentary, with incomplete text of the Gospels. It was examined and described by Giuseppe Passini (as 109). | [
{
"text": "Turin National University Library",
"href": "Turin%20National%20University%20Library",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 16,
"start": 68,
"end": 101
},
"start": 68,
"end": 101
},
{
"text": "Giuseppe Passini",
"href": "Giuseppe%20Passini",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 16,
"start": 430,
"end": 446
},
"start": 430,
"end": 446
}
] | Greek New Testament minuscules | {
"revid": 740665565,
"timestamp": "2016-09-22T14:04:16",
"parentid": 734874842,
"pre_dump": true,
"pageid": 21936132,
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minuscule%20398&oldid=740665565"
} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"start": 0,
"end": 456
}
] | Section::::Former 398. |
21936132 | 21936132 | Minuscule 398 | BULLET::::- List of New Testament minuscules BULLET::::- Biblical manuscript BULLET::::- Textual criticism | [
{
"text": "List of New Testament minuscules",
"href": "List%20of%20New%20Testament%20minuscules",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 18,
"start": 12,
"end": 44
},
"start": 12,
"end": 44
},
{
"text": "Biblical manuscript",
"href": "Biblical%20manuscript",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 19,
"start": 12,
"end": 31
},
"start": 57,
"end": 76
},
{
"text": "Textual criticism",
"href": "Textual%20criticism",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 20,
"start": 12,
"end": 29
},
"start": 89,
"end": 106
}
] | Greek New Testament minuscules | {
"revid": 740665565,
"timestamp": "2016-09-22T14:04:16",
"parentid": 734874842,
"pre_dump": true,
"pageid": 21936132,
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minuscule%20398&oldid=740665565"
} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"start": 0,
"end": 44
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"start": 0,
"end": 31
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"start": 0,
"end": 29
}
] | Section::::See also. |
21936142 | 21936142 | Tangenziale di Venezia | The "Tangenziale di Mestre" (Mestre beltway), or Autostrada A57, was opened to traffic on 3 September 1972 in northern Italy. | [
{
"text": "Mestre",
"href": "Mestre",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 20,
"end": 26
},
"start": 20,
"end": 26
},
{
"text": "beltway",
"href": "beltway",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 36,
"end": 43
},
"start": 36,
"end": 43
},
{
"text": "Italy",
"href": "Italy",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 119,
"end": 124
},
"start": 119,
"end": 124
}
] | Ring roads in Italy,1972 establishments in Italy,Autostrade in Italy | {
"revid": 885815659,
"timestamp": "2019-03-02T14:51:56",
"parentid": 885815559,
"pre_dump": true,
"pageid": 21936142,
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tangenziale%20di%20Venezia&oldid=885815659"
} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 0,
"end": 125
}
] | Section::::Abstract |
21936142 | 21936142 | Tangenziale di Venezia | The original design was to have a central dual carriageway as the Autostrada A4 (motorway A4), and alongside a separated single carriageway to serve as a local beltway (similar to what was built around Bologna): but, high costs for a motorway that was not then expected to carry much through traffic (east of Venice, it could go only to Udine and Trieste, the latter was at that time the border with the Iron Curtain). | [
{
"text": "dual carriageway",
"href": "dual%20carriageway",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 3,
"start": 42,
"end": 58
},
"start": 42,
"end": 58
},
{
"text": "Autostrada A4",
"href": "Autostrada%20A4",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 3,
"start": 66,
"end": 79
},
"start": 66,
"end": 79
},
{
"text": "motorway",
"href": "motorway",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 3,
"start": 81,
"end": 89
},
"start": 81,
"end": 89
},
{
"text": "carriageway",
"href": "carriageway",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 3,
"start": 128,
"end": 139
},
"start": 128,
"end": 139
},
{
"text": "Bologna",
"href": "Bologna",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 3,
"start": 202,
"end": 209
},
"start": 202,
"end": 209
},
{
"text": "Udine",
"href": "Udine",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 3,
"start": 337,
"end": 342
},
"start": 337,
"end": 342
},
{
"text": "Trieste",
"href": "Trieste",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 3,
"start": 347,
"end": 354
},
"start": 347,
"end": 354
},
{
"text": "Iron Curtain",
"href": "Iron%20Curtain",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 3,
"start": 404,
"end": 416
},
"start": 404,
"end": 416
}
] | Ring roads in Italy,1972 establishments in Italy,Autostrade in Italy | {
"revid": 885815659,
"timestamp": "2019-03-02T14:51:56",
"parentid": 885815559,
"pre_dump": true,
"pageid": 21936142,
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tangenziale%20di%20Venezia&oldid=885815659"
} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"start": 0,
"end": 418
}
] | Section::::Overview. |
21936142 | 21936142 | Tangenziale di Venezia | The opposition of conservationist groups to a double dual carriageway running inside a city caused the plan to reduce to a single dual carriageway section instead, serving both as Autostrada A4 and local beltway. | [
{
"text": "Autostrada A4",
"href": "Autostrada%20A4",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 3,
"start": 599,
"end": 612
},
"start": 180,
"end": 193
},
{
"text": "beltway",
"href": "beltway",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 3,
"start": 623,
"end": 630
},
"start": 204,
"end": 211
}
] | Ring roads in Italy,1972 establishments in Italy,Autostrade in Italy | {
"revid": 885815659,
"timestamp": "2019-03-02T14:51:56",
"parentid": 885815559,
"pre_dump": true,
"pageid": 21936142,
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tangenziale%20di%20Venezia&oldid=885815659"
} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"start": 419,
"end": 631
}
] | Section::::Overview. |
21936142 | 21936142 | Tangenziale di Venezia | By the 1990s, it became evident that a road designed to cope with a 55,000-vehicle daily traffic level would not be able for traffic levels of up to 150,000–170,000 vehicles (of which 30% were HGV's) by the early 2000s. A first but temporary solution was to open a "third dynamic lane" on each carriageway: in the most trafficked hours, the emergency lane was suppressed, to be used as a lane for lorries and slow vehicles. | [
{
"text": "HGV",
"href": "Heavy_goods_vehicle",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 5,
"start": 193,
"end": 196
},
"start": 193,
"end": 196
}
] | Ring roads in Italy,1972 establishments in Italy,Autostrade in Italy | {
"revid": 885815659,
"timestamp": "2019-03-02T14:51:56",
"parentid": 885815559,
"pre_dump": true,
"pageid": 21936142,
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tangenziale%20di%20Venezia&oldid=885815659"
} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"start": 0,
"end": 219
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"start": 0,
"end": 203
}
] | Section::::Increased traffic. |
21936142 | 21936142 | Tangenziale di Venezia | A second definitive solution was to build the "Passante di Mestre": opened on 8 February 2009, after about 4 years and a half of construction. It completely bypasses the Tangenziale di Mestre, finally separating Autostrada A4 from the local beltway. | [
{
"text": "Passante di Mestre",
"href": "Passante%20di%20Mestre",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 8,
"start": 47,
"end": 65
},
"start": 47,
"end": 65
},
{
"text": "Autostrada A4",
"href": "Autostrada%20A4",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 8,
"start": 212,
"end": 225
},
"start": 212,
"end": 225
}
] | Ring roads in Italy,1972 establishments in Italy,Autostrade in Italy | {
"revid": 885815659,
"timestamp": "2019-03-02T14:51:56",
"parentid": 885815559,
"pre_dump": true,
"pageid": 21936142,
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tangenziale%20di%20Venezia&oldid=885815659"
} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"start": 0,
"end": 249
}
] | Section::::Passante di Mestre. |
21936142 | 21936142 | Tangenziale di Venezia | Today, the "third dynamic lane" is still used, but daily traffic has greatly decreased. Speed limit is 90 km/h on faster lanes, 60 km/h on slower ones; a small part, near the interchange with Autostrada A27, has a 50 km/h to 60 km/h speed limit. | [
{
"text": "Speed limit",
"href": "Speed%20limit",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 9,
"start": 88,
"end": 99
},
"start": 88,
"end": 99
},
{
"text": "Autostrada A27",
"href": "Autostrade%20of%20Italy",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 9,
"start": 192,
"end": 206
},
"start": 192,
"end": 206
}
] | Ring roads in Italy,1972 establishments in Italy,Autostrade in Italy | {
"revid": 885815659,
"timestamp": "2019-03-02T14:51:56",
"parentid": 885815559,
"pre_dump": true,
"pageid": 21936142,
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tangenziale%20di%20Venezia&oldid=885815659"
} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"start": 0,
"end": 245
}
] | Section::::Passante di Mestre. |
21936142 | 21936142 | Tangenziale di Venezia | The old Tangenziale di Mestre has now to be called, more properly, Tangenziale di Venezia (with new highway identification code: A57): indeed, it is longer than the old Mestre one, because the Passante di Mestre bypasses all the area around Venice, beginning west just after Padua, going north almost to Treviso, and ending east near Quarto d'Altino. So that the old exits of Dolo and Mira, before part of Autostrada A4, are today part of the Tangenziale. | [
{
"text": "Venice",
"href": "Venice",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 10,
"start": 241,
"end": 247
},
"start": 241,
"end": 247
},
{
"text": "Padua",
"href": "Padua",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 10,
"start": 275,
"end": 280
},
"start": 275,
"end": 280
},
{
"text": "Treviso",
"href": "Treviso",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 10,
"start": 304,
"end": 311
},
"start": 304,
"end": 311
},
{
"text": "Quarto d'Altino",
"href": "Quarto%20d%27Altino",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 10,
"start": 334,
"end": 349
},
"start": 334,
"end": 349
},
{
"text": "Dolo",
"href": "Dolo",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 10,
"start": 376,
"end": 380
},
"start": 376,
"end": 380
},
{
"text": "Mira",
"href": "Mira%2C%20Italy",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 10,
"start": 385,
"end": 389
},
"start": 385,
"end": 389
},
{
"text": "Autostrada A4",
"href": "Autostrada%20A4",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 10,
"start": 406,
"end": 419
},
"start": 406,
"end": 419
}
] | Ring roads in Italy,1972 establishments in Italy,Autostrade in Italy | {
"revid": 885815659,
"timestamp": "2019-03-02T14:51:56",
"parentid": 885815559,
"pre_dump": true,
"pageid": 21936142,
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tangenziale%20di%20Venezia&oldid=885815659"
} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"start": 0,
"end": 455
}
] | Section::::Passante di Mestre. |
21936142 | 21936142 | Tangenziale di Venezia | Unfortunately, the signage has not been adapted to take account of this development confusing the poor motorist without local knowledge. For example, travelling east, a sign directs the motorist onto the A57 and that's the last time you will see any reference to A57. The signage quickly reverts to the out-of-date A4 or uses the European route signage. The beltway is managed by "Società delle Autostrade di Venezia e Padova" and "Autovie Venete S.p.A." | [] | Ring roads in Italy,1972 establishments in Italy,Autostrade in Italy | {
"revid": 885815659,
"timestamp": "2019-03-02T14:51:56",
"parentid": 885815559,
"pre_dump": true,
"pageid": 21936142,
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tangenziale%20di%20Venezia&oldid=885815659"
} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"start": 456,
"end": 809
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"start": 0,
"end": 100
}
] | Section::::Passante di Mestre. |
21936142 | 21936142 | Tangenziale di Venezia | BULLET::::- Autostrada A4 BULLET::::- Autostrada A27 BULLET::::- Venice | [
{
"text": "Autostrada A4",
"href": "Autostrada%20A4",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 13,
"start": 12,
"end": 25
},
"start": 12,
"end": 25
},
{
"text": "Autostrada A27",
"href": "Autostrade%20of%20Italy",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 14,
"start": 12,
"end": 26
},
"start": 38,
"end": 52
},
{
"text": "Venice",
"href": "Venice",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 15,
"start": 12,
"end": 18
},
"start": 65,
"end": 71
}
] | Ring roads in Italy,1972 establishments in Italy,Autostrade in Italy | {
"revid": 885815659,
"timestamp": "2019-03-02T14:51:56",
"parentid": 885815559,
"pre_dump": true,
"pageid": 21936142,
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tangenziale%20di%20Venezia&oldid=885815659"
} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"start": 0,
"end": 25
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"start": 0,
"end": 26
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"start": 0,
"end": 18
}
] | Section::::See also. |
21936142 | 21936142 | Tangenziale di Venezia | BULLET::::- A short history of the Tangenziale | [
{
"text": "A short history of the Tangenziale",
"href": "https%3A//web.archive.org/web/20110725183702/http%3A//www.cocit.org/cocit/lastoriadellatangenziale/lastoriadellatangenziale.htm",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 17,
"start": 12,
"end": 46
},
"start": 12,
"end": 46
}
] | Ring roads in Italy,1972 establishments in Italy,Autostrade in Italy | {
"revid": 885815659,
"timestamp": "2019-03-02T14:51:56",
"parentid": 885815559,
"pre_dump": true,
"pageid": 21936142,
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tangenziale%20di%20Venezia&oldid=885815659"
} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"start": 0,
"end": 46
}
] | Section::::External links. |
21936187 | 21936187 | Sobieski (vodka) | Sobieski is a Polish vodka brand. It is owned by Marie Brizard Wine & Spirits. Sobieski named after John III Sobieski, king of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1674 to 1696. His nickname the "Lion of Lechistan." | [
{
"text": "vodka",
"href": "vodka",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 21,
"end": 26
},
"start": 21,
"end": 26
},
{
"text": "Marie Brizard Wine & Spirits",
"href": "Marie%20Brizard%20Wine%20%26amp%3B%20Spirits",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 49,
"end": 77
},
"start": 49,
"end": 77
},
{
"text": "John III Sobieski",
"href": "John%20III%20Sobieski",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 2,
"start": 21,
"end": 38
},
"start": 100,
"end": 117
}
] | Alcoholic drink brands,Polish vodkas,Polish brands | {
"revid": 887244970,
"timestamp": "2019-03-11T12:52:03",
"parentid": 850620885,
"pre_dump": true,
"pageid": 21936187,
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sobieski%20(vodka)&oldid=887244970"
} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 0,
"end": 78
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"start": 0,
"end": 139
}
] | Section::::Abstract |
21936187 | 21936187 | Sobieski (vodka) | Sobieski's basic vodka is a 100% pure rye vodka. It is distilled in Poland with rye (cultivar "Dankowski") and water only. Sobieski also produces four flavoured vodkas made from fruit juice: Raspberry, Lemon, Orange, and Vanilla. Two vodka-based liqueurs are also produced by the label: Strawberry and Caramel | [
{
"text": "flavoured vodkas",
"href": "Flavored%20liquor",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 3,
"start": 151,
"end": 167
},
"start": 151,
"end": 167
},
{
"text": "liqueur",
"href": "liqueur",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 3,
"start": 246,
"end": 253
},
"start": 246,
"end": 253
}
] | Alcoholic drink brands,Polish vodkas,Polish brands | {
"revid": 887244970,
"timestamp": "2019-03-11T12:52:03",
"parentid": 850620885,
"pre_dump": true,
"pageid": 21936187,
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sobieski%20(vodka)&oldid=887244970"
} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"start": 0,
"end": 309
}
] | Section::::Abstract |
21936187 | 21936187 | Sobieski (vodka) | The Sobieski company was founded in 1846 by H.A. Winkelhausen in Koniaków, and produced over 60 types of alcohol. Following World War II, the Koniaków distillery was rebuilt and consolidated under the state monopoly on Vodka production. In 2003, Production moved to Starogard Gdański. | [
{
"text": "Koniaków",
"href": "Koniak%C3%B3w",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 4,
"start": 65,
"end": 73
},
"start": 65,
"end": 73
},
{
"text": "state monopoly",
"href": "state%20monopoly",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 4,
"start": 201,
"end": 215
},
"start": 201,
"end": 215
},
{
"text": "Starogard Gdański",
"href": "Starogard%20Gda%C5%84ski",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 4,
"start": 266,
"end": 283
},
"start": 266,
"end": 283
}
] | Alcoholic drink brands,Polish vodkas,Polish brands | {
"revid": 887244970,
"timestamp": "2019-03-11T12:52:03",
"parentid": 850620885,
"pre_dump": true,
"pageid": 21936187,
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sobieski%20(vodka)&oldid=887244970"
} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"start": 0,
"end": 284
}
] | Section::::Abstract |
21936035 | 21936035 | Minuscule 397 | Minuscule 397 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), C (Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 10th or 11th century. | [
{
"text": "Gregory-Aland",
"href": "Biblical%20manuscript%23Gregory-Aland",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 22,
"end": 35
},
"start": 22,
"end": 35
},
{
"text": "Soden",
"href": "Biblical%20manuscript%23Von%20Soden",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 51,
"end": 56
},
"start": 51,
"end": 56
},
{
"text": "Greek",
"href": "Greek%20language",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 64,
"end": 69
},
"start": 64,
"end": 69
},
{
"text": "minuscule",
"href": "Lower%20case",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 70,
"end": 79
},
"start": 70,
"end": 79
},
{
"text": "manuscript",
"href": "manuscript",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 80,
"end": 90
},
"start": 80,
"end": 90
},
{
"text": "New Testament",
"href": "New%20Testament",
"source": {
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"start": 98,
"end": 111
},
"start": 98,
"end": 111
},
{
"text": "Paleographically",
"href": "Palaeography",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 127,
"end": 143
},
"start": 127,
"end": 143
}
] | Greek New Testament minuscules | {
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{
"paragraph_id": 1,
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] | Section::::Abstract |
21936035 | 21936035 | Minuscule 397 | The codex contains the text of the Gospel of John on 295 parchment leaves () with catenae. It is written in one column per page, in 27 lines per page. Kurt Aland did not place the Greek text of the codex in any Category. In John 9:35 it has reading εις τον υιον του ανθρωπου ("in the Son of Man"); the reading is supported by formula_1, formula_1, Sinaiticus, Vaticanus, Bezae, Washingtonianus, it, syr, co, and eth. | [
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{
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},
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},
{
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"href": "Syriac%20Curetonian",
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"end": 402
},
{
"text": "co",
"href": "Coptic%20Versions%20of%20the%20Bible",
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"end": 185
},
"start": 404,
"end": 406
}
] | Greek New Testament minuscules | {
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{
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},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
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}
] | Section::::Description. |
21936035 | 21936035 | Minuscule 397 | In John 14:14 it has textual variant εαν τι αιτησητε τον πατερα instead of εαν τι αιτησητε με. The same variant appears in minuscule 249. | [
{
"text": "minuscule 249",
"href": "minuscule%20249",
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"start": 123,
"end": 136
},
"start": 123,
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}
] | Greek New Testament minuscules | {
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"start": 0,
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}
] | Section::::Description. |
21936035 | 21936035 | Minuscule 397 | Scrivener dated the manuscript to the 15th century. The manuscript was added to the list of New Testament manuscripts by Scholz (1794–1852) with a number 397. The manuscript was described by Giuseppe Bianchini. Scrivener in the 3rd edition of his "A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament" catalogued it twice, as 397 and 617. In the 4th edition, this was corrected and number 617 was given to the other manuscript. C. R. Gregory saw it in 1886. | [
{
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{
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"end": 209
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{
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"end": 306
},
{
"text": "C. R. Gregory",
"href": "C.%20R.%20Gregory",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 10,
"start": 275,
"end": 288
},
"start": 434,
"end": 447
}
] | Greek New Testament minuscules | {
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{
"paragraph_id": 9,
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},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"start": 0,
"end": 304
}
] | Section::::History. |
21936035 | 21936035 | Minuscule 397 | The manuscript is currently housed at the Biblioteca Vallicelliana (E. 40) in Rome. | [
{
"text": "Biblioteca Vallicelliana",
"href": "Biblioteca%20Vallicelliana",
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"start": 42,
"end": 66
},
"start": 42,
"end": 66
},
{
"text": "Rome",
"href": "Rome",
"source": {
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"end": 82
},
"start": 78,
"end": 82
}
] | Greek New Testament minuscules | {
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"start": 0,
"end": 83
}
] | Section::::History. |
21936035 | 21936035 | Minuscule 397 | BULLET::::- List of New Testament minuscules BULLET::::- Biblical manuscript BULLET::::- Textual criticism | [
{
"text": "List of New Testament minuscules",
"href": "List%20of%20New%20Testament%20minuscules",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 13,
"start": 12,
"end": 44
},
"start": 12,
"end": 44
},
{
"text": "Biblical manuscript",
"href": "Biblical%20manuscript",
"source": {
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"end": 31
},
"start": 57,
"end": 76
},
{
"text": "Textual criticism",
"href": "Textual%20criticism",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 15,
"start": 12,
"end": 29
},
"start": 89,
"end": 106
}
] | Greek New Testament minuscules | {
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minuscule%20397&oldid=819171450"
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{
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"start": 0,
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},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"start": 0,
"end": 29
}
] | Section::::See also. |
21936274 | 21936274 | Chris Banks | Chris Banks may refer to: BULLET::::- Chris Banks (poet) (born 1970), Canadian poet BULLET::::- Chris Banks (footballer) (born 1965), former English professional footballer BULLET::::- Chris Banks (athlete) (born 1978), American marathon runner BULLET::::- Chris Banks (soccer) (born 1987), American soccer player BULLET::::- Chris Banks (American football) (1973-2014), former American football guard for the Denver Broncos | [
{
"text": "Chris Banks (poet)",
"href": "Chris%20Banks%20%28poet%29",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 2,
"start": 12,
"end": 30
},
"start": 38,
"end": 56
},
{
"text": "Chris Banks (footballer)",
"href": "Chris%20Banks%20%28footballer%29",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 3,
"start": 12,
"end": 36
},
"start": 96,
"end": 120
},
{
"text": "Chris Banks (athlete)",
"href": "Chris%20Banks%20%28athlete%29",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 4,
"start": 12,
"end": 33
},
"start": 185,
"end": 206
},
{
"text": "Chris Banks (soccer)",
"href": "Chris%20Banks%20%28soccer%29",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 5,
"start": 12,
"end": 32
},
"start": 257,
"end": 277
},
{
"text": "Chris Banks (American football)",
"href": "Chris%20Banks%20%28American%20football%29",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 6,
"start": 12,
"end": 43
},
"start": 326,
"end": 357
}
] | {
"revid": 671170434,
"timestamp": "2015-07-12T23:01:53",
"parentid": 654221921,
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"pageid": 21936274,
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chris%20Banks&oldid=671170434"
} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 0,
"end": 25
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{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"start": 0,
"end": 57
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{
"paragraph_id": 3,
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{
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{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"start": 0,
"end": 68
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"start": 0,
"end": 110
}
] | Section::::Abstract |
|
21936274 | 21936274 | Chris Banks | BULLET::::- Christopher Banks (born 1977), New Zealand journalist, musician, record producer, songwriter and filmmaker BULLET::::- Chris Banks (businessman) (born 1959), British businessman | [
{
"text": "Christopher Banks",
"href": "Christopher%20Banks",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 7,
"start": 12,
"end": 29
},
"start": 12,
"end": 29
},
{
"text": "Chris Banks (businessman)",
"href": "Chris%20Banks%20%28businessman%29",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 8,
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"start": 131,
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}
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"start": 0,
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},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"start": 0,
"end": 70
}
] | Section::::Abstract |
|
21935943 | 21935943 | Tôn Thất Thiện | Dr. Tôn Thất Thiện was a South Vietnamese nationalist of the post-World War II generation who had the rare distinction of serving and watching at close quarters the two historic leaders of post-World War II Vietnam: presidents Ho Chi Minh in the Viet Minh coalition in 1945–46, and Ngô Đình Diệm 1954–55/1956–59/1963. He played a significant though understated role in the nationalist attempt to preserve a non-communist Vietnam. | [
{
"text": "South Vietnamese",
"href": "Vietnamese%20people",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 25,
"end": 41
},
"start": 25,
"end": 41
},
{
"text": "nationalist",
"href": "nationalist",
"source": {
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"start": 42,
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"end": 53
},
{
"text": "Vietnam",
"href": "Vietnam",
"source": {
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"start": 207,
"end": 214
},
"start": 207,
"end": 214
},
{
"text": "Ho Chi Minh",
"href": "Ho%20Chi%20Minh",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 227,
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},
"start": 227,
"end": 238
},
{
"text": "Viet Minh",
"href": "Viet%20Minh",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 246,
"end": 255
},
"start": 246,
"end": 255
},
{
"text": "Ngô Đình Diệm",
"href": "Ng%C3%B4%20%C4%90%C3%ACnh%20Di%E1%BB%87m",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 282,
"end": 295
},
"start": 282,
"end": 295
}
] | Ramon Magsaysay Award winners,People of the First Indochina War,2014 deaths,Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies alumni,Vietnamese dissidents,1924 births | {
"revid": 856290537,
"timestamp": "2018-08-24T05:21:03",
"parentid": 848738878,
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"pageid": 21935943,
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tôn%20Thất%20Thiện&oldid=856290537"
} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 0,
"end": 429
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] | Section::::Abstract |
21935943 | 21935943 | Tôn Thất Thiện | The website http://www.tonthatthien.com presents a complete bibliography and almost 400 collected articles, book excerpts, editorials, letters, interview transcripts and poetry. From 1945 to 1975 Thien was an active participant or a personal witness to almost all of the major historic events in Vietnam: the 1945 August Revolution, the 1954 Geneva Conference, division of the country and birth of the Republic of Vietnam, the 1963 coup d'état against Ngô Đình Diệm, the 1968 Tet Offensive in Huế and the April 1975 Fall of Saigon. | [
{
"text": "August Revolution",
"href": "August%20Revolution",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 3,
"start": 136,
"end": 153
},
"start": 314,
"end": 331
},
{
"text": "Geneva Conference",
"href": "Geneva%20Conference%20%281954%29",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 3,
"start": 164,
"end": 181
},
"start": 342,
"end": 359
},
{
"text": "Republic of Vietnam",
"href": "Republic%20of%20Vietnam",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 3,
"start": 224,
"end": 243
},
"start": 402,
"end": 421
},
{
"text": "1963 coup d'état",
"href": "1963%20South%20Vietnamese%20coup",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 3,
"start": 249,
"end": 265
},
"start": 427,
"end": 443
},
{
"text": "Tet Offensive",
"href": "Tet%20Offensive",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 3,
"start": 298,
"end": 311
},
"start": 476,
"end": 489
},
{
"text": "Fall of Saigon",
"href": "Fall%20of%20Saigon",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 3,
"start": 338,
"end": 352
},
"start": 516,
"end": 530
}
] | Ramon Magsaysay Award winners,People of the First Indochina War,2014 deaths,Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies alumni,Vietnamese dissidents,1924 births | {
"revid": 856290537,
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{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"start": 0,
"end": 177
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"start": 0,
"end": 353
}
] | Section::::Abstract |
21935943 | 21935943 | Tôn Thất Thiện | He knew or met virtually all of the significant actors among the North Vietnamese, South Vietnamese and American political and military leadership, as well as most foreign journalists who covered the conflict. In 1968 he served as Minister of Information in the South Vietnamese government. His reformist efforts allowing an uncensored media led to the Magsaysay Award for Journalism, Literature and Creative Communication Arts in the same year. | [
{
"text": "South Vietnam",
"href": "South%20Vietnam",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 5,
"start": 52,
"end": 65
},
"start": 262,
"end": 275
},
{
"text": "Magsaysay Award",
"href": "Magsaysay%20Award",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 5,
"start": 143,
"end": 158
},
"start": 353,
"end": 368
}
] | Ramon Magsaysay Award winners,People of the First Indochina War,2014 deaths,Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies alumni,Vietnamese dissidents,1924 births | {
"revid": 856290537,
"timestamp": "2018-08-24T05:21:03",
"parentid": 848738878,
"pre_dump": true,
"pageid": 21935943,
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tôn%20Thất%20Thiện&oldid=856290537"
} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"start": 0,
"end": 209
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"start": 0,
"end": 235
}
] | Section::::Abstract |
21935943 | 21935943 | Tôn Thất Thiện | As a 'Third Force' nationalist opposed to colonialism and communism, and dedicated to a mix of Confucian traditions and Western political ideals he is most closely aligned with the evolutionary reformist vision of the famous Vietnamese nationalist, Phan Chu Trinh. In many ways he can be considered the personification of a 'Quiet Vietnamese' counterpart to Graham Greene's fictional "Quiet American" character. Professor Tôn Thất Thiện died at his home in Ottawa, Canada on October 3, 2014. | [
{
"text": "Confucian",
"href": "Confucian",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 6,
"start": 95,
"end": 104
},
"start": 95,
"end": 104
},
{
"text": "Phan Chu Trinh",
"href": "Phan%20Chu%20Trinh",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 6,
"start": 249,
"end": 263
},
"start": 249,
"end": 263
},
{
"text": "Graham Greene",
"href": "Graham%20Greene",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 6,
"start": 358,
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},
"start": 358,
"end": 371
},
{
"text": "Quiet American",
"href": "The%20Quiet%20American",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 6,
"start": 385,
"end": 399
},
"start": 385,
"end": 399
}
] | Ramon Magsaysay Award winners,People of the First Indochina War,2014 deaths,Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies alumni,Vietnamese dissidents,1924 births | {
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"start": 0,
"end": 411
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"start": 0,
"end": 79
}
] | Section::::Abstract |
21935943 | 21935943 | Tôn Thất Thiện | As a South Vietnamese government official, cabinet minister, Magsaysay Award winner, journalist, editor, historian and professor, Tôn Thất Thiện supported the independence of Vietnam from foreign political and cultural control including French colonialism, communist dictatorship and American dominance. | [] | Ramon Magsaysay Award winners,People of the First Indochina War,2014 deaths,Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies alumni,Vietnamese dissidents,1924 births | {
"revid": 856290537,
"timestamp": "2018-08-24T05:21:03",
"parentid": 848738878,
"pre_dump": true,
"pageid": 21935943,
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tôn%20Thất%20Thiện&oldid=856290537"
} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"start": 0,
"end": 303
}
] | Section::::Overview. |
21935943 | 21935943 | Tôn Thất Thiện | Described by Daniel Ellsberg as an "outstanding Vietnamese journalist", he was a leading supporter of freedom of the press and vociferous in his belief that the most effective strategy in fighting the Communists was to counter their claim to be the true and only nationalists fighting for Vietnam's national independence. His life saw the span of cataclysmic political and social changes in Vietnam from titular imperial rule under French colonialism to nationalist republican government to eventual communist rule. | [
{
"text": "Daniel Ellsberg",
"href": "Daniel%20Ellsberg",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 9,
"start": 317,
"end": 332
},
"start": 13,
"end": 28
}
] | Ramon Magsaysay Award winners,People of the First Indochina War,2014 deaths,Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies alumni,Vietnamese dissidents,1924 births | {
"revid": 856290537,
"timestamp": "2018-08-24T05:21:03",
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"pageid": 21935943,
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tôn%20Thất%20Thiện&oldid=856290537"
} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"start": 304,
"end": 819
}
] | Section::::Overview. |
21935943 | 21935943 | Tôn Thất Thiện | In his life and writings, Thiện upheld the ideals drawn from the old, essentially Confucian traditions of the country - service to society, rule of customs and laws and orderly government. At the same time, he advocated the western ideals of modernity, progress, freedom and democracy developed from his contact with western culture through his studies in Huế, London and Geneva. | [] | Ramon Magsaysay Award winners,People of the First Indochina War,2014 deaths,Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies alumni,Vietnamese dissidents,1924 births | {
"revid": 856290537,
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"start": 0,
"end": 379
}
] | Section::::Overview. |
21935943 | 21935943 | Tôn Thất Thiện | His conception of Viet Nam's post-colonial society echoed that of Phan Chu Trinh, a leading Vietnamese nationalist and Confucian scholar of the early 20th century who nevertheless supported modernization through unreserved westernization. | [] | Ramon Magsaysay Award winners,People of the First Indochina War,2014 deaths,Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies alumni,Vietnamese dissidents,1924 births | {
"revid": 856290537,
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"start": 380,
"end": 618
}
] | Section::::Overview. |
21935943 | 21935943 | Tôn Thất Thiện | A generation of domestic and foreign journalists in the 1950s and 1960s were influenced by Thiện's English-language critiques of the political crises in Vietnam, the political and social dynamics of the conflict and the consequent cultural impact. As an independent political commentator after 1966 he could be equally critical of misguided South Vietnamese government policies and abuses and the heavy-handedness of U.S. intervention in Viet Nam. | [] | Ramon Magsaysay Award winners,People of the First Indochina War,2014 deaths,Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies alumni,Vietnamese dissidents,1924 births | {
"revid": 856290537,
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"start": 0,
"end": 447
}
] | Section::::Overview. |
21935943 | 21935943 | Tôn Thất Thiện | His writings on the Vietnamese communist threat and the negative impact of American cultural, economic and political interventions showed a balanced and analytical approach that was recognized as distinctive in its time. U.S. Ambassador Ellsworth Bunker's assessment of Thiện upon his appointment to the South Vietnamese cabinet in 1968 established the stature he held in foreign and Vietnamese political and social circles: | [
{
"text": "Ellsworth Bunker",
"href": "Ellsworth%20Bunker",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 12,
"start": 16,
"end": 32
},
"start": 237,
"end": 253
}
] | Ramon Magsaysay Award winners,People of the First Indochina War,2014 deaths,Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies alumni,Vietnamese dissidents,1924 births | {
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"start": 448,
"end": 668
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"start": 0,
"end": 203
}
] | Section::::Overview. |
21935943 | 21935943 | Tôn Thất Thiện | The new Minister of Information, Ton That Thien, has been described as one of the best economists and one of the most articulate and intelligent of all Vietnamese in Saigon. He has also been known as a well informed, articulate critic of both the U.S. and G.V.N; but he is a man of ability, energy, and patriotism, and is certainly not anti-American. He should be a very considerable improvement over his predecessor, Tran Van An, who has been ineffectual in this important post. | [] | Ramon Magsaysay Award winners,People of the First Indochina War,2014 deaths,Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies alumni,Vietnamese dissidents,1924 births | {
"revid": 856290537,
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"start": 0,
"end": 479
}
] | Section::::Overview. |
21935943 | 21935943 | Tôn Thất Thiện | In 1945-1946 Thiện personally witnessed the momentous events which were to mark Viet Nam's post-war history: the overthrow of French rule by the Japanese and Emperor Bảo Đại's proclamation of the termination of the French protectorate over Viet Nam (March 1945), the formation of the first independent government of Viet Nam (April 1945), Emperor Bảo Đại's abdication in Huế (August 1945) and Ho Chi Minh's declaration of independence in Hanoi (September 1945), the arrival of the Americans and the Chinese (September 1945), the return of the French (March 1946), and the breaking out of the Franco-Vietnamese war (December 1946). | [
{
"text": "Bảo Đại",
"href": "B%E1%BA%A3o%20%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 14,
"start": 166,
"end": 173
},
"start": 166,
"end": 173
}
] | Ramon Magsaysay Award winners,People of the First Indochina War,2014 deaths,Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies alumni,Vietnamese dissidents,1924 births | {
"revid": 856290537,
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"start": 0,
"end": 630
}
] | Section::::Overview. |
21935943 | 21935943 | Tôn Thất Thiện | He served for a year in Ho's administration before quitting upon realizing the true communist nature of the Viet-Minh United Front government headed by Ho Chi Minh. He was one of the first few non-Communist Vietnamese to perceive the August Revolution as a Leninist cover for the introduction of communism to Viet Nam as a part of a world revolution. | [
{
"text": "Leninist",
"href": "Leninist",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 14,
"start": 888,
"end": 896
},
"start": 257,
"end": 265
}
] | Ramon Magsaysay Award winners,People of the First Indochina War,2014 deaths,Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies alumni,Vietnamese dissidents,1924 births | {
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"start": 631,
"end": 981
}
] | Section::::Overview. |
21935943 | 21935943 | Tôn Thất Thiện | In 1947 he went to Europe to resume his studies. Although he distanced himself from the Ho-led Viet Minh government, he did not support the various Bảo Đại-led governments. Like many other nationalists at that time he faced a dilemma in terms of where to direct support for Vietnamese independence. Supporting Ho would be to abet communism, and supporting Bảo Đại would be to prolong French colonialism. In his view, neither Ho nor Bảo Đại were true nationalists. | [] | Ramon Magsaysay Award winners,People of the First Indochina War,2014 deaths,Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies alumni,Vietnamese dissidents,1924 births | {
"revid": 856290537,
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"start": 0,
"end": 463
}
] | Section::::Overview. |
21935943 | 21935943 | Tôn Thất Thiện | As a result, he remained non-committed to either side throughout the war until Ngo Dinh Diem became Prime Minister of the State of Viet Nam in June 1954. He considered Mr. Diem a true nationalist. | [] | Ramon Magsaysay Award winners,People of the First Indochina War,2014 deaths,Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies alumni,Vietnamese dissidents,1924 births | {
"revid": 856290537,
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"start": 464,
"end": 660
}
] | Section::::Overview. |
21935943 | 21935943 | Tôn Thất Thiện | Thien served as press aide to Ngo Dinh Diem, and was with him when he was overthrown in an American-condoned military coup on 1 November 1963. Despite this close and loyal association, in the aftermath of the coup he was not persecuted by the coup leaders and the post-coup governments. In 1964 he voluntarily left government service to take up journalism, working for Vietnamese as well as foreign newspapers. In 1967, he accepted a professorship at Van Hanh University in Saigon. | [] | Ramon Magsaysay Award winners,People of the First Indochina War,2014 deaths,Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies alumni,Vietnamese dissidents,1924 births | {
"revid": 856290537,
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"start": 0,
"end": 481
}
] | Section::::Overview. |
21935943 | 21935943 | Tôn Thất Thiện | In 1968 he served briefly as Minister of Information during which time he enacted libertarian reforms that removed all government censorship. In the same year he was awarded the Magsaysay Award in Manila for "significant contributions" to journalism, literature and creative communication arts in Asia. | [] | Ramon Magsaysay Award winners,People of the First Indochina War,2014 deaths,Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies alumni,Vietnamese dissidents,1924 births | {
"revid": 856290537,
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"start": 482,
"end": 784
}
] | Section::::Overview. |
21935943 | 21935943 | Tôn Thất Thiện | In April 1975, just before the fall of Saigon to communist forces he went into exile in Quebec, Canada. After a university teaching career at the University of Quebec, Trois Rivieres campus, he retired in Ottawa in 1992. He continued to write on Vietnamese social and political issues, in particular on the necessity – first advocated by Phan Chu Trinh - of making the appropriate changes in culture to enable Vietnamese to acquire the values required for rapid development, the basic condition of the advancement of the Vietnamese people. | [] | Ramon Magsaysay Award winners,People of the First Indochina War,2014 deaths,Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies alumni,Vietnamese dissidents,1924 births | {
"revid": 856290537,
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tôn%20Thất%20Thiện&oldid=856290537"
} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"start": 0,
"end": 539
}
] | Section::::Overview. |
21935943 | 21935943 | Tôn Thất Thiện | Contrary to many educated Vietnamese, in his writings Thiện considered development to be the primary objective of Vietnam, with independence as only a secondary objective. In his view, it was this error in setting the priority of objectives which led to the costly and lengthy wars from 1945 to 1975. He viewed these national traumas as unnecessary for the country to achieve freedom and independence, but indispensable for the Communists to secure and retain power. | [] | Ramon Magsaysay Award winners,People of the First Indochina War,2014 deaths,Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies alumni,Vietnamese dissidents,1924 births | {
"revid": 856290537,
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"start": 0,
"end": 466
}
] | Section::::Overview. |
21935943 | 21935943 | Tôn Thất Thiện | He held the Communist Party accountable for this development and saw the consequence as the ruin of the country, the exhaustion of its people, and the establishment of a brutal dictatorship. | [] | Ramon Magsaysay Award winners,People of the First Indochina War,2014 deaths,Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies alumni,Vietnamese dissidents,1924 births | {
"revid": 856290537,
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"start": 467,
"end": 657
}
] | Section::::Overview. |
21935943 | 21935943 | Tôn Thất Thiện | Throughout the political upheavals from the 1945 August Revolution to his exile in 1975, Tôn Thất Thiện remained consistently committed to his political and nationalist convictions and active in the political discourse of South Viet Nam. After the fall of the Ngo Dinh Diem administration he remained unattached to any political party or movement despite offers of government appointments. The "Viet Nam Guardian", of which he was managing editor, maintained private ownership and an independent editorial policy. | [] | Ramon Magsaysay Award winners,People of the First Indochina War,2014 deaths,Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies alumni,Vietnamese dissidents,1924 births | {
"revid": 856290537,
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"start": 0,
"end": 513
}
] | Section::::Overview. |
21935943 | 21935943 | Tôn Thất Thiện | Born on September 22, 1924 in Huế, the imperial capital of the Nguyễn dynasty, Tôn Thất Thiện was descended from a family with a long history of service to the state. His ancestry can be traced to Nguyen Bạc, a close adviser to Emperor Đinh Tiên Hoàng (r. 968-979), a founder of independent Viet Nam in the 10th century; and to Nguyễn Hoàng, founder of the Nguyễn dynasty, which ruled over most of Vietnam for almost four centuries (1600-1945). | [
{
"text": "Nguyễn dynasty",
"href": "Nguy%E1%BB%85n%20dynasty",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 21,
"start": 63,
"end": 77
},
"start": 63,
"end": 77
},
{
"text": "Đinh Tiên Hoàng",
"href": "%C4%90inh%20Ti%C3%AAn%20Ho%C3%A0ng",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 21,
"start": 236,
"end": 251
},
"start": 236,
"end": 251
},
{
"text": "Nguyễn Hoàng",
"href": "Nguy%E1%BB%85n%20Ho%C3%A0ng",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 21,
"start": 328,
"end": 340
},
"start": 328,
"end": 340
}
] | Ramon Magsaysay Award winners,People of the First Indochina War,2014 deaths,Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies alumni,Vietnamese dissidents,1924 births | {
"revid": 856290537,
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"pageid": 21935943,
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tôn%20Thất%20Thiện&oldid=856290537"
} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"start": 0,
"end": 444
}
] | Section::::Early life and education: 1924–45. |
21935943 | 21935943 | Tôn Thất Thiện | His grandfather was a military officer (born in 1835, in the reign of Emperor Minh Mạng) who served Emperor Tự Đức (1847–1883), fought against the French in Cochinchina (1860), the battle of Thuan An (1883), and the failed coup staged by Tôn Thất Thuyết against the French (1885), and ended his career as a general in the reign of Emperor Thành Thái (1889–1907). | [
{
"text": "Minh Mạng",
"href": "Minh%20M%E1%BA%A1ng",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 21,
"start": 523,
"end": 532
},
"start": 78,
"end": 87
},
{
"text": "Tự Đức",
"href": "T%E1%BB%B1%20%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 21,
"start": 553,
"end": 559
},
"start": 108,
"end": 114
},
{
"text": "Cochinchina",
"href": "Cochinchina",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 21,
"start": 602,
"end": 613
},
"start": 157,
"end": 168
},
{
"text": "Tôn Thất Thuyết",
"href": "T%C3%B4n%20Th%E1%BA%A5t%20Thuy%E1%BA%BFt",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 21,
"start": 683,
"end": 698
},
"start": 238,
"end": 253
},
{
"text": "Thành Thái",
"href": "Th%C3%A0nh%20Th%C3%A1i",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 21,
"start": 784,
"end": 794
},
"start": 339,
"end": 349
}
] | Ramon Magsaysay Award winners,People of the First Indochina War,2014 deaths,Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies alumni,Vietnamese dissidents,1924 births | {
"revid": 856290537,
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"pageid": 21935943,
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tôn%20Thất%20Thiện&oldid=856290537"
} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"start": 445,
"end": 807
}
] | Section::::Early life and education: 1924–45. |
21935943 | 21935943 | Tôn Thất Thiện | His father Tôn Thất Quảng (1883–1972) served for thirty years in the Imperial government, rising to the rank of Minister, in charge of Rites. He retired in 1942, only three years before the end of the Vietnamese monarchy, and was thus the last but one Minister of Rites Ministry of Rites in Vietnam's long history. Thien was influenced by the Confucian philosophy followed by his father and the Buddhist beliefs of his mother. | [] | Ramon Magsaysay Award winners,People of the First Indochina War,2014 deaths,Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies alumni,Vietnamese dissidents,1924 births | {
"revid": 856290537,
"timestamp": "2018-08-24T05:21:03",
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"pageid": 21935943,
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tôn%20Thất%20Thiện&oldid=856290537"
} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"start": 808,
"end": 1234
}
] | Section::::Early life and education: 1924–45. |
21935943 | 21935943 | Tôn Thất Thiện | In Huế he attended a "franco-indigène" – half Vietnamese, half French - elementary school, then a Catholic high school and the state-run Khải Định College. The last two establishments were "modern" schools which eliminated Chinese script and Confucian ideas and introduced a French education standard curriculum with French as the medium of instruction. Thien was thereby introduced to Western political and social ideas, graduating with a Baccalaureate of Philosophy in 1944. | [] | Ramon Magsaysay Award winners,People of the First Indochina War,2014 deaths,Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies alumni,Vietnamese dissidents,1924 births | {
"revid": 856290537,
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"pageid": 21935943,
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tôn%20Thất%20Thiện&oldid=856290537"
} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"start": 0,
"end": 476
}
] | Section::::Early life and education: 1924–45. |
21935943 | 21935943 | Tôn Thất Thiện | Plans for medical studies in Hanoi were interrupted in March 1945 when the Japanese occupying forces took over control of the country from the French. With no other transportation available he rode his bicycle the 400 miles from Hanoi to Huế. Along the way he witnessed the terrible effects of a famine estimated to have killed over one million Vietnamese in 1944/45. This traumatic experience convinced him to switch his course of studies from medicine to economics on the understanding he could thereby help more people. | [] | Ramon Magsaysay Award winners,People of the First Indochina War,2014 deaths,Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies alumni,Vietnamese dissidents,1924 births | {
"revid": 856290537,
"timestamp": "2018-08-24T05:21:03",
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"pageid": 21935943,
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tôn%20Thất%20Thiện&oldid=856290537"
} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"start": 477,
"end": 999
}
] | Section::::Early life and education: 1924–45. |
21935943 | 21935943 | Tôn Thất Thiện | In April 1945, after the French colonial administration was ended by a Japanese coup, Emperor Bảo Đại set up the first independent government of Viet Nam led by Mr. Trần Trọng Kim. A well known lawyer, Phan Anh was appointed Minister of Youth and Thien served as his personal secretary. This marked Thien's first introduction to Vietnamese politics, at the age of twenty-one. | [
{
"text": "Trần Trọng Kim",
"href": "Tr%E1%BA%A7n%20Tr%E1%BB%8Dng%20Kim",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 24,
"start": 165,
"end": 179
},
"start": 165,
"end": 179
}
] | Ramon Magsaysay Award winners,People of the First Indochina War,2014 deaths,Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies alumni,Vietnamese dissidents,1924 births | {
"revid": 856290537,
"timestamp": "2018-08-24T05:21:03",
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"pre_dump": true,
"pageid": 21935943,
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tôn%20Thất%20Thiện&oldid=856290537"
} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"start": 0,
"end": 375
}
] | Section::::Revolution and education: 1945–55. |
21935943 | 21935943 | Tôn Thất Thiện | After the abdication of Emperor Bảo Đại in late August 1945, on the recommendation of Mr. Ta Quang Buu he was called to Hanoi to serve in the new Viet Minh National Front Government led by Ho Chi Minh. Fluent in English he was posted in the Foreign Relations section of the president's office headed by Mr. Buu. The latter had been his teacher of English and rated him as the best of the class. | [] | Ramon Magsaysay Award winners,People of the First Indochina War,2014 deaths,Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies alumni,Vietnamese dissidents,1924 births | {
"revid": 856290537,
"timestamp": "2018-08-24T05:21:03",
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"pageid": 21935943,
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tôn%20Thất%20Thiện&oldid=856290537"
} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"start": 0,
"end": 394
}
] | Section::::Revolution and education: 1945–55. |
21935943 | 21935943 | Tôn Thất Thiện | More noteworthy still, Mr. Buu was an assistant to Võ Nguyên Giáp and had access to the top echelons of the leadership. Thien was thus placed close to the power center. | [
{
"text": "Võ Nguyên Giáp",
"href": "V%C3%B5%20Nguy%C3%AAn%20Gi%C3%A1p",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 25,
"start": 446,
"end": 460
},
"start": 51,
"end": 65
}
] | Ramon Magsaysay Award winners,People of the First Indochina War,2014 deaths,Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies alumni,Vietnamese dissidents,1924 births | {
"revid": 856290537,
"timestamp": "2018-08-24T05:21:03",
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"pageid": 21935943,
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tôn%20Thất%20Thiện&oldid=856290537"
} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"start": 395,
"end": 563
}
] | Section::::Revolution and education: 1945–55. |