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56640891 | 56640891 | Halfway (EastEnders) | In Halfway's absence, Whitney's former boyfriend, Woody Woodward (Lee Ryan), returns to Walford. When Halfway returns, he is not bothered by Woody's presence as he is not afraid of Whitney's former partners. Clay explained that Halfway is "oblivious" to Woody because he is in love with Whitney and has the backing of the Carter family. | [
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56640891 | 56640891 | Halfway (EastEnders) | Ben Lee of "Digital Spy" thought that Halfway's return would be good for Whitney as it suggested that their relationship would continue, while "Digital Spy" Laura Morgan thought that Halfway would be the ideal partner for Whitney despite not matching the profile of her usual partner. Clay explained that Halfway returns to Walford because he wants to develop his relationship with Whitney, which he treasures. He told Rachel Lucas of "What's on TV" that Halfway sees his relationship with Whitney as "a new life". | [
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56640891 | 56640891 | Halfway (EastEnders) | Halfway's intimacy issues are explored through his relationship with Whitney when she tries to get intimate with him. Clay stated that this shows another dimension to his character. He explained that Halfway struggles to connect with people and often misses prompts from other people, such as Whitney. On-screen, Halfway reveals that he is struggling to be intimate with Whitney because he is a virgin. | [
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56640891 | 56640891 | Halfway (EastEnders) | In April 2018, Clay stated that he was open to Halfway and Whitney marrying, adding that he would love to film a soap wedding. | [] | Fictional chefs,Fictional characters introduced in 2018,Male characters in television,EastEnders characters,Fictional bartenders,Fictional bisexual males,Fictional salespeople,Fictional undertakers,Fictional British Army personnel | {
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56640891 | 56640891 | Halfway (EastEnders) | As a friend of the Carter family, Halfway shares many scenes with them. Morgan pointed out that he had become "an honorary Carter" and a "surrogate older son" for Mick and Linda in the absence of their sons, Lee and Johnny Carter (Ted Reilly), adding that Halfway could be considered "a lucky charm for the continually-cursed Carters". Clay explained that the Carters help Halfway feel like a member of their family. | [
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56640891 | 56640891 | Halfway (EastEnders) | He described the Carter family as his "surrogate "EastEnders" family". He stated that everyone, in particular Bright, had looked after him after joining the show. Clay wanted to explore other parts of his character's personality and thought there was the opportunity to explore dramatic storylines for Halfway. | [] | Fictional chefs,Fictional characters introduced in 2018,Male characters in television,EastEnders characters,Fictional bartenders,Fictional bisexual males,Fictional salespeople,Fictional undertakers,Fictional British Army personnel | {
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56640891 | 56640891 | Halfway (EastEnders) | Mick's mother, Shirley Carter (Linda Henry), calls Halfway "Halfwit" in the show due to his dim-witted personality. Clay enjoyed the nickname, which he called "fun", and thought it was accurate at times. He explained that Halfway accepts the nickname that Shirley has given him because although he understands that it is not the nickname associated with him, he does want to argue with Shirley. Clay said that he and Henry share a good relationship. | [
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56640891 | 56640891 | Halfway (EastEnders) | When Halfway returns and is offered Shirley's bedroom, he feels awkward about the situation because of Halfway and Shirley's relationship, but Clay found the situation amusing. | [] | Fictional chefs,Fictional characters introduced in 2018,Male characters in television,EastEnders characters,Fictional bartenders,Fictional bisexual males,Fictional salespeople,Fictional undertakers,Fictional British Army personnel | {
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56640891 | 56640891 | Halfway (EastEnders) | When asked where he wanted his character to be in a year, Clay replied that he wanted his close relationships developed further. He added, "I'd like to just see him quite happy, but with a lot of stuff going on, a lot of fingers in different pies." Clay hoped that Lee would be reintroduced to the series and thought it would be "amazing" to see what would happen between Halfway and Lee. Clay is familiar with Hatchard as they studied alongside each other. | [] | Fictional chefs,Fictional characters introduced in 2018,Male characters in television,EastEnders characters,Fictional bartenders,Fictional bisexual males,Fictional salespeople,Fictional undertakers,Fictional British Army personnel | {
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56640891 | 56640891 | Halfway (EastEnders) | Clay told Kilkelly ("Digital Spy") that there are several characters that he wants to star alongside, including, Dot Branning (June Brown), the Slater family, Kim Fox-Hubbard (Tameka Empson) and Billy Mitchell (Perry Fenwick). | [
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56640891 | 56640891 | Halfway (EastEnders) | Plans to introduce Halfway's brother, Stuart Highway, were announced on 28 March 2018. Actor Ricky Champ was cast in the role of Stuart, who arrives in spring following Halfway's return from the Army. Clay thought that Stuart's introduction supported Halfway's presence on the show and found that it added a new "dynamic" to the character. He explained that Stuart's arrival would spark a change in Halfway's attitude. Stuart is knowledgeable and cunning, which contrasts with Halfway's dim-witted personality. | [
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56640891 | 56640891 | Halfway (EastEnders) | He is also more confident than Halfway. Clay believed that the differences in their personalities is evident. Sometimes, Halfway admires his brother, but other times, he can feel untrusting of Stuart. Clay opined that their relationship is "quite Marmite at times". Clay told Duncan Lindsay of the "Metro" that Halfway has "a need to feel included by his brother". Stuart and Mick are childhood friends, which Halfway dislikes as he does not want Stuart to ruin his friendship with the Carter family. | [
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56640891 | 56640891 | Halfway (EastEnders) | Stuart has a dark personality, which Clay thought would allow the audience to see "what makes Halfway who he is". He expected the audience to pick up on moments of animosity between the brothers and warned them to be frightened of Stuart. Clay commented, "The relationship with his brother will be quite telling, and that'll be an interesting thing to watch." Producers used Stuart's introduction to explore Halfway's backstory, specifically his childhood. | [] | Fictional chefs,Fictional characters introduced in 2018,Male characters in television,EastEnders characters,Fictional bartenders,Fictional bisexual males,Fictional salespeople,Fictional undertakers,Fictional British Army personnel | {
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56640891 | 56640891 | Halfway (EastEnders) | Clay explained that Halfway's childhood shaped his personality and confirmed that there would be an insight into a past event that has affected Halfway. | [] | Fictional chefs,Fictional characters introduced in 2018,Male characters in television,EastEnders characters,Fictional bartenders,Fictional bisexual males,Fictional salespeople,Fictional undertakers,Fictional British Army personnel | {
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56640891 | 56640891 | Halfway (EastEnders) | After his first few episodes, Gary Gillatt, writing for "Inside Soap", hoped that Halfway would stay in the series because of his "tons of charisma". Reporters from "Digital Spy" liked the character, with Laura Morgan calling him "the kind of light comic relief we've all needed at the start of 2018." | [] | Fictional chefs,Fictional characters introduced in 2018,Male characters in television,EastEnders characters,Fictional bartenders,Fictional bisexual males,Fictional salespeople,Fictional undertakers,Fictional British Army personnel | {
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56640891 | 56640891 | Halfway (EastEnders) | Morgan's colleague, Ben Lee, described Halfway's initial stint on the show as "a very eventful few weeks", while Daniel Kilkelly and Sophie Dainty pointed out that Halfway had "proved popular with fans" during his initial stint on "EastEnders". Morgan found the character funny and liked his "infectious energy and warmth". She compared him to former character Fatboy (Ricky Norwood) and thought that he could become Dot Branning's lodger, as Fatboy was. | [
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56640891 | 56640891 | Halfway (EastEnders) | On Clay's performance as Halfway, Morgan opined, "It's never easy being the new fish in such a famous big pond, but he's settled in more quickly than most, and made the part of Halfway 100% his own." Tyler of "Inside Soap" opined that Halfway is "the real treasure to emerge from the bonkers plot [the heist storyline]". She added, "Square chiefs had clearly found a diamond in the rough with actor Tony Clay". | [] | Fictional chefs,Fictional characters introduced in 2018,Male characters in television,EastEnders characters,Fictional bartenders,Fictional bisexual males,Fictional salespeople,Fictional undertakers,Fictional British Army personnel | {
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56640891 | 56640891 | Halfway (EastEnders) | Rachel Lucas of "What's on TV" described Halfway as the "unlikely villain [who] shot Mick Carter during Aidan Maguire's botched robbery! But he redeemed himself by helping Mick Carter save The Vic and then he won Whitney Carter's heart." A "Soaplife" columnist called Halfway "a welcome ray of sunshine in the bleak world of Albert Square". | [] | Fictional chefs,Fictional characters introduced in 2018,Male characters in television,EastEnders characters,Fictional bartenders,Fictional bisexual males,Fictional salespeople,Fictional undertakers,Fictional British Army personnel | {
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56640891 | 56640891 | Halfway (EastEnders) | Clay said that after his first appearance, he received "a few looks" from members of the public and several messages from fans on Twitter asking "Dude, what have you done?", as people believed that he had shot Mick. He recalled the first time that he was recognised in public, calling it "quite surreal" and "an odd moment". He added that he received positive feedback from the audience after becoming embedded into the cast. | [
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56640891 | 56640891 | Halfway (EastEnders) | Clay told Tyler of "Inside Soap" that when a fan recognised him on the train, he did not know how to react, but explained that he was friendly and took a photo with her. | [] | Fictional chefs,Fictional characters introduced in 2018,Male characters in television,EastEnders characters,Fictional bartenders,Fictional bisexual males,Fictional salespeople,Fictional undertakers,Fictional British Army personnel | {
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56640891 | 56640891 | Halfway (EastEnders) | For his portrayal of Halfway, Clay was nominated for Best Soap Newcomer at the 2018 "Digital Spy" Reader Awards; he came in seventh place with 5.4% of the total votes. His introduction was also nominated for "Most Bizarre Soap Storyline"; he came in sixth place with 8% of the total votes. | [
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56640891 | 56640891 | Halfway (EastEnders) | BULLET::::- List of "EastEnders" characters (2018) | [
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] | Fictional chefs,Fictional characters introduced in 2018,Male characters in television,EastEnders characters,Fictional bartenders,Fictional bisexual males,Fictional salespeople,Fictional undertakers,Fictional British Army personnel | {
"revid": 913914257,
"timestamp": "2019-09-04T00:33:02",
"parentid": 0,
"pre_dump": false,
"pageid": 61683022,
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Halfway%20(EastEnders)&oldid=913914257"
} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"start": 0,
"end": 50
}
] | Section::::See also. |
21936091 | 21936091 | Acronicta lobeliae | Acronicta lobeliae (lobelia dagger moth or greater oak dagger moth) is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in North America. The larva feed on Quercus species. | [
{
"text": "moth",
"href": "moth",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 73,
"end": 77
},
"start": 73,
"end": 77
},
{
"text": "Noctuidae",
"href": "Noctuidae",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 92,
"end": 101
},
"start": 92,
"end": 101
},
{
"text": "North America",
"href": "North%20America",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 1,
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"end": 131
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"end": 131
},
{
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"href": "Quercus",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 2,
"start": 18,
"end": 25
},
"start": 151,
"end": 158
}
] | Acronicta,Moths of North America,Moths described in 1852 | {
"revid": 868768829,
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"pageid": 21936091,
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 0,
"end": 132
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"start": 0,
"end": 34
}
] | Section::::Abstract |
21935990 | 21935990 | Volinsky Regiment | The Volinsky Life-Guards Regiment (), more correctly translated as the Volhynian Life-Guards Regiment, was a Russian Imperial Guard infantry regiment. Created out of a single battalion of Finnish Guard Regiment in 1817, the regiment took part in the Polish-Russian War of 1830–1831, the Crimean War, the January Uprising of 1863 and the First World War. | [
{
"text": "Russian Imperial Guard",
"href": "Imperial%20Guard%20%28Russia%29",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 109,
"end": 131
},
"start": 109,
"end": 131
},
{
"text": "Finnish Guard Regiment",
"href": "Finnish%20Guard%20Regiment",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 188,
"end": 210
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"start": 188,
"end": 210
},
{
"text": "Polish-Russian War",
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"source": {
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 250,
"end": 268
},
"start": 250,
"end": 268
},
{
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"href": "Crimean%20War",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 287,
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"end": 298
},
{
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"source": {
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 304,
"end": 320
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"end": 320
},
{
"text": "First World War",
"href": "First%20World%20War",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 337,
"end": 352
},
"start": 337,
"end": 352
}
] | Russian Imperial Guard,Guards regiments,Infantry regiments of the Russian Empire,Military units and formations established in 1817,Russian military units and formations of the Napoleonic Wars,Warsaw Governorate,1817 establishments in the Russian Empire | {
"revid": 900592098,
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{
"paragraph_id": 1,
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}
] | Section::::Abstract |
21935990 | 21935990 | Volinsky Regiment | Unlike many older units of Imperial Russian Army, the Volinsky Regiment was neither attached to or originated from the land of Volhynia after which it was named. Instead, it traces its roots to a single Imperial Militia Battalion formed by Duke Constantine Pavlovich of Russia in Strelna on 12 December 1806 (Old Style). In the spring of the following year it took part in the Battle of Guttstadt-Deppen of the War of the Fourth Coalition. | [
{
"text": "Volhynia",
"href": "Volhynia",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 3,
"start": 127,
"end": 135
},
"start": 127,
"end": 135
},
{
"text": "Constantine Pavlovich of Russia",
"href": "Grand%20Duke%20Constantine%20Pavlovich%20of%20Russia",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 3,
"start": 245,
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},
{
"text": "Strelna",
"href": "Strelna",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 3,
"start": 280,
"end": 287
},
"start": 280,
"end": 287
},
{
"text": "Old Style",
"href": "Old%20Style",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 3,
"start": 309,
"end": 318
},
"start": 309,
"end": 318
},
{
"text": "Battle of Guttstadt-Deppen",
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"source": {
"paragraph_id": 3,
"start": 377,
"end": 403
},
"start": 377,
"end": 403
},
{
"text": "War of the Fourth Coalition",
"href": "War%20of%20the%20Fourth%20Coalition",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 3,
"start": 411,
"end": 438
},
"start": 411,
"end": 438
}
] | Russian Imperial Guard,Guards regiments,Infantry regiments of the Russian Empire,Military units and formations established in 1817,Russian military units and formations of the Napoleonic Wars,Warsaw Governorate,1817 establishments in the Russian Empire | {
"revid": 900592098,
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"pageid": 21935990,
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"start": 0,
"end": 439
}
] | Section::::History. |
21935990 | 21935990 | Volinsky Regiment | In 1807 it took part in the Battle of Friedland and in January of the following year was renamed to His Majesty's Guards Militia Battalion and then in April to His Majesty's Finnish Battalion. Reinforced and reorganised, in October 1811 the battalion was extended to become the Guards Finnish Regiment of three infantry battalions. The first battalion, still including many veterans of the original militia unit, was then mentioned in dispatches for its role in the Battle of Leipzig. | [
{
"text": "Battle of Friedland",
"href": "Battle%20of%20Friedland",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 3,
"start": 468,
"end": 487
},
"start": 28,
"end": 47
},
{
"text": "Battle of Leipzig",
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"source": {
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] | Russian Imperial Guard,Guards regiments,Infantry regiments of the Russian Empire,Military units and formations established in 1817,Russian military units and formations of the Napoleonic Wars,Warsaw Governorate,1817 establishments in the Russian Empire | {
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"start": 440,
"end": 924
}
] | Section::::History. |
21935990 | 21935990 | Volinsky Regiment | Having suffered heavy losses, the battalion was retained in Russian-occupied Warsaw in 1814. | [] | Russian Imperial Guard,Guards regiments,Infantry regiments of the Russian Empire,Military units and formations established in 1817,Russian military units and formations of the Napoleonic Wars,Warsaw Governorate,1817 establishments in the Russian Empire | {
"revid": 900592098,
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} | [
{
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"start": 925,
"end": 1017
}
] | Section::::History. |
21935990 | 21935990 | Volinsky Regiment | On 12 October 1817 (Old Style) the battalion was reorganised into the Volinsky Guards Regiment () composed of two battalions of light infantry. Its main task was to serve as a personal guard of Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich and to serve as a counterbalance to the forces of the Kingdom of Poland in case they mutinied. | [
{
"text": "Kingdom of Poland",
"href": "Congress%20Poland",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 4,
"start": 281,
"end": 298
},
"start": 281,
"end": 298
}
] | Russian Imperial Guard,Guards regiments,Infantry regiments of the Russian Empire,Military units and formations established in 1817,Russian military units and formations of the Napoleonic Wars,Warsaw Governorate,1817 establishments in the Russian Empire | {
"revid": 900592098,
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"pageid": 21935990,
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Volinsky%20Regiment&oldid=900592098"
} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"start": 0,
"end": 321
}
] | Section::::History. |
21935990 | 21935990 | Volinsky Regiment | Due to the fact that the original battalion took part in most of the Napoleonic Wars, the new regiment inherited the rights of the "Old Guard" and was included into the Guards Corps rather than the general army. | [] | Russian Imperial Guard,Guards regiments,Infantry regiments of the Russian Empire,Military units and formations established in 1817,Russian military units and formations of the Napoleonic Wars,Warsaw Governorate,1817 establishments in the Russian Empire | {
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"start": 322,
"end": 533
}
] | Section::::History. |
21935990 | 21935990 | Volinsky Regiment | The regiment took active part in many battles of the November Uprising, notably in the Battle of Ostrołęka, fights in Lithuania and the final battle of Warsaw. After the uprising, in 1832 the regiment was moved to Kronstadt near the new Russian capital of St. Petersburg, and then in 1836 to Oranienbaum. | [
{
"text": "November Uprising",
"href": "November%20Uprising",
"source": {
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"end": 70
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{
"text": "Battle of Ostrołęka",
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{
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},
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},
{
"text": "Oranienbaum",
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"source": {
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"start": 292,
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},
"start": 292,
"end": 303
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] | Russian Imperial Guard,Guards regiments,Infantry regiments of the Russian Empire,Military units and formations established in 1817,Russian military units and formations of the Napoleonic Wars,Warsaw Governorate,1817 establishments in the Russian Empire | {
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} | [
{
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"start": 0,
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}
] | Section::::History. |
21935990 | 21935990 | Volinsky Regiment | It took part in the fights on secondary theatres of the Crimean War of 1853–1856, mostly guarding the shores of the Baltic Sea against Charles John Napier's Baltic blockade and took part in a skirmish against a British boarding party at the port of Makslahti. | [
{
"text": "Crimean War",
"href": "Crimean%20War",
"source": {
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"start": 361,
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},
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"end": 67
},
{
"text": "Baltic Sea",
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"source": {
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},
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},
{
"text": "Charles John Napier's Baltic blockade",
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},
{
"text": "Makslahti",
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"source": {
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"start": 554,
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},
"start": 249,
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}
] | Russian Imperial Guard,Guards regiments,Infantry regiments of the Russian Empire,Military units and formations established in 1817,Russian military units and formations of the Napoleonic Wars,Warsaw Governorate,1817 establishments in the Russian Empire | {
"revid": 900592098,
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} | [
{
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"start": 305,
"end": 564
}
] | Section::::History. |
21935990 | 21935990 | Volinsky Regiment | During the January Uprising the regiment was moved back to Poland and attached to the 2nd Brigade, 3rd Guards Infantry Division. The regiment remained there until the outbreak of World War I. It took part in the failed Russian invasion of East Prussia as part of the XXIII Army Corps, and then the inconclusive Battle of Łódź. In the summer of 1915 the regiment formed the core of General Vladimir Olokhov's ad-hoc Army Group unsuccessfully trying to cover the flanks of 3rd and 8th Armies during the Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive. | [
{
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{
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"paragraph_id": 6,
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},
{
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"start": 479,
"end": 489
},
"start": 479,
"end": 489
},
{
"text": "Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive",
"href": "Gorlice%E2%80%93Tarn%C3%B3w%20Offensive",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 6,
"start": 501,
"end": 525
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"end": 525
}
] | Russian Imperial Guard,Guards regiments,Infantry regiments of the Russian Empire,Military units and formations established in 1817,Russian military units and formations of the Napoleonic Wars,Warsaw Governorate,1817 establishments in the Russian Empire | {
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{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"start": 327,
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}
] | Section::::History. |
21935990 | 21935990 | Volinsky Regiment | Withdrawn from the front to Sankt Petersburg, the soldiers of the regiment rebelled, killed their officers and took part in the Bolshevik Revolution. The forces of the regiment remained in Petersburg until October, when the unit was disbanded and its forces formed the core of the local Red Army units. | [
{
"text": "Bolshevik Revolution",
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"source": {
"paragraph_id": 7,
"start": 128,
"end": 148
},
"start": 128,
"end": 148
},
{
"text": "Red Army",
"href": "Red%20Army",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 7,
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] | Russian Imperial Guard,Guards regiments,Infantry regiments of the Russian Empire,Military units and formations established in 1817,Russian military units and formations of the Napoleonic Wars,Warsaw Governorate,1817 establishments in the Russian Empire | {
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{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"start": 0,
"end": 302
}
] | Section::::History. |
21935990 | 21935990 | Volinsky Regiment | On the morning of Sunday, 11 March 1917, Tsar Nicholas II had issued orders forbidding the populace from assembling in Petrograd. However, many people did and 200 were shot. When the Volinsky Regiment were ordered to fire at the unarmed crowd, they fired into the air. The next day the Volinsky Regiment mutinied and was quickly followed by the Semonovsky, the Izmaylovsky, the Litovsky regiments, and even the legendary Preobrazhensky regiment, the oldest and staunchest regiment founded by Peter the Great. | [
{
"text": "Tsar Nicholas II",
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"start": 41,
"end": 57
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"end": 57
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{
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"end": 128
},
{
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"end": 355
},
{
"text": "Izmaylovsky",
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"start": 361,
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{
"text": "Litovsky",
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"start": 378,
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"start": 378,
"end": 386
},
{
"text": "Preobrazhensky regiment",
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"source": {
"paragraph_id": 9,
"start": 421,
"end": 444
},
"start": 421,
"end": 444
}
] | Russian Imperial Guard,Guards regiments,Infantry regiments of the Russian Empire,Military units and formations established in 1817,Russian military units and formations of the Napoleonic Wars,Warsaw Governorate,1817 establishments in the Russian Empire | {
"revid": 900592098,
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{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"start": 0,
"end": 508
}
] | Section::::1917 Mutiny. |
21935990 | 21935990 | Volinsky Regiment | The arsenal was pillaged, the Ministry of the Interior, Military Government building, police headquarters, the Law Courts and a score of police buildings were put to the torch. By noon the fortress of Peter and Paul with its heavy artillery was in the hands of the insurgents. By nightfall 60,000 soldiers had joined the revolution. Order broke down and members of the Parliament (Duma) formed a Provisional Government to try to restore order but it was impossible to turn the tide of revolutionary change. | [
{
"text": "Provisional Government",
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"source": {
"paragraph_id": 9,
"start": 905,
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"start": 396,
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] | Russian Imperial Guard,Guards regiments,Infantry regiments of the Russian Empire,Military units and formations established in 1817,Russian military units and formations of the Napoleonic Wars,Warsaw Governorate,1817 establishments in the Russian Empire | {
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{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"start": 509,
"end": 1015
}
] | Section::::1917 Mutiny. |
21935990 | 21935990 | Volinsky Regiment | The Duma and the Soviet had already formed the nucleus of a Provisional Government and decided that Nicholas must abdicate. Faced with this demand, which was echoed by his generals, deprived of loyal troops, with his family in the hands of the Provisional Government and fearful of unleashing civil war and opening the way for a German conquest, Nicholas had no choice but to submit. | [] | Russian Imperial Guard,Guards regiments,Infantry regiments of the Russian Empire,Military units and formations established in 1817,Russian military units and formations of the Napoleonic Wars,Warsaw Governorate,1817 establishments in the Russian Empire | {
"revid": 900592098,
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{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"start": 1016,
"end": 1399
}
] | Section::::1917 Mutiny. |
21935990 | 21935990 | Volinsky Regiment | At the end of the "February Revolution" of 1917 (February in the Old Russian Calendar), on 2 March (Julian Calendar)/ 15 March (Gregorian Calendar) 1917, Nicholas II abdicated. | [
{
"text": "February Revolution",
"href": "February%20Revolution",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 9,
"start": 1419,
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"end": 38
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{
"text": "Julian Calendar",
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"href": "Gregorian%20Calendar",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 9,
"start": 1528,
"end": 1546
},
"start": 128,
"end": 146
},
{
"text": "abdicated",
"href": "abdication",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 9,
"start": 1566,
"end": 1575
},
"start": 166,
"end": 175
}
] | Russian Imperial Guard,Guards regiments,Infantry regiments of the Russian Empire,Military units and formations established in 1817,Russian military units and formations of the Napoleonic Wars,Warsaw Governorate,1817 establishments in the Russian Empire | {
"revid": 900592098,
"timestamp": "2019-06-06T14:59:41",
"parentid": 897193176,
"pre_dump": true,
"pageid": 21935990,
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Volinsky%20Regiment&oldid=900592098"
} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"start": 1400,
"end": 1576
}
] | Section::::1917 Mutiny. |
21935990 | 21935990 | Volinsky Regiment | BULLET::::- Gorokhoff, Gerard. Russian Imperial Guard. 2002. BULLET::::- Handbook of the Russian Army 1914 by the British General Staff. Battery Press reprint edition, 1996. | [] | Russian Imperial Guard,Guards regiments,Infantry regiments of the Russian Empire,Military units and formations established in 1817,Russian military units and formations of the Napoleonic Wars,Warsaw Governorate,1817 establishments in the Russian Empire | {
"revid": 900592098,
"timestamp": "2019-06-06T14:59:41",
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"pre_dump": true,
"pageid": 21935990,
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Volinsky%20Regiment&oldid=900592098"
} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"start": 0,
"end": 60
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"start": 0,
"end": 112
}
] | Section::::Sources. |
21935990 | 21935990 | Volinsky Regiment | BULLET::::- Armed Forces of the Russian Federation | [
{
"text": "Armed Forces of the Russian Federation",
"href": "Armed%20Forces%20of%20the%20Russian%20Federation",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 14,
"start": 12,
"end": 50
},
"start": 12,
"end": 50
}
] | Russian Imperial Guard,Guards regiments,Infantry regiments of the Russian Empire,Military units and formations established in 1817,Russian military units and formations of the Napoleonic Wars,Warsaw Governorate,1817 establishments in the Russian Empire | {
"revid": 900592098,
"timestamp": "2019-06-06T14:59:41",
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Volinsky%20Regiment&oldid=900592098"
} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"start": 0,
"end": 50
}
] | Section::::See also. |
21936063 | 21936063 | Acronicta lanceolaria | Acronicta lanceolaria (lanceolate dagger moth or pointed dagger) is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in North America, from Nova Scotia to British Columbia. It is listed as a species of special concern and believed extirpated in the US state of Connecticut. Adults are on wing in early June in one generation. Reported larval hosts include Populus grandidentata, Salix and Rubus. | [
{
"text": "moth",
"href": "moth",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 70,
"end": 74
},
"start": 70,
"end": 74
},
{
"text": "Noctuidae",
"href": "Noctuidae",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 89,
"end": 98
},
"start": 89,
"end": 98
},
{
"text": "North America",
"href": "North%20America",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 115,
"end": 128
},
"start": 115,
"end": 128
},
{
"text": "Nova Scotia",
"href": "Nova%20Scotia",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 135,
"end": 146
},
"start": 135,
"end": 146
},
{
"text": "British Columbia",
"href": "British%20Columbia",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 150,
"end": 166
},
"start": 150,
"end": 166
},
{
"text": "extirpated",
"href": "Local%20extinction",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 226,
"end": 236
},
"start": 226,
"end": 236
},
{
"text": "Connecticut",
"href": "Connecticut",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 256,
"end": 267
},
"start": 256,
"end": 267
},
{
"text": "Populus grandidentata",
"href": "Populus%20grandidentata",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 3,
"start": 30,
"end": 51
},
"start": 351,
"end": 372
},
{
"text": "Salix",
"href": "Salix",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 3,
"start": 53,
"end": 58
},
"start": 374,
"end": 379
},
{
"text": "Rubus",
"href": "Rubus",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 3,
"start": 63,
"end": 68
},
"start": 384,
"end": 389
}
] | Acronicta,Moths described in 1875,Moths of North America | {
"revid": 868768366,
"timestamp": "2018-11-14T09:15:39",
"parentid": 868768239,
"pre_dump": true,
"pageid": 21936063,
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acronicta%20lanceolaria&oldid=868768366"
} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 0,
"end": 268
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"start": 0,
"end": 51
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"start": 0,
"end": 69
}
] | Section::::Abstract |
21936063 | 21936063 | Acronicta lanceolaria | BULLET::::- Species info BULLET::::- Species info | [
{
"text": "Species info",
"href": "http%3A//www.forestpests.org/caterpillars/lanceolatedagger.cfm",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 5,
"start": 12,
"end": 24
},
"start": 12,
"end": 24
},
{
"text": "Species info",
"href": "http%3A//www.entomology.ualberta.ca/searching_species_details.php%3Fs%3D5192",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 6,
"start": 12,
"end": 24
},
"start": 37,
"end": 49
}
] | Acronicta,Moths described in 1875,Moths of North America | {
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"start": 0,
"end": 24
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"start": 0,
"end": 24
}
] | Section::::External links. |
21936130 | 21936130 | Crooked X (album) | Crooked X is the first and only album by heavy metal band Crooked X, released in January 2009 by Capitol Metal. The band's musicians were all 14 years of age when the album was released, but tracks were written when members were as young as 11 (for example, "Nightmare"). | [
{
"text": "heavy metal",
"href": "Heavy%20metal%20music",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 41,
"end": 52
},
"start": 41,
"end": 52
},
{
"text": "Crooked X",
"href": "Crooked%20X",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 58,
"end": 67
},
"start": 58,
"end": 67
},
{
"text": "Capitol Metal",
"href": "Capitol%20Records",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 97,
"end": 110
},
"start": 97,
"end": 110
}
] | {
"revid": 837886096,
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"pageid": 21936130,
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crooked%20X%20(album)&oldid=837886096"
} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 0,
"end": 271
}
] | Section::::Abstract |
|
21936130 | 21936130 | Crooked X (album) | "Nightmare" is featured in the music video game "Rock Band", while "Gone" and "Rock 'N' Roll Dream" are featured as downloadable content for the "Rock Band" series. | [
{
"text": "Rock Band",
"href": "Rock%20Band%20%28video%20game%29",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 321,
"end": 330
},
"start": 49,
"end": 58
}
] | {
"revid": 837886096,
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 272,
"end": 436
}
] | Section::::Abstract |
|
21936130 | 21936130 | Crooked X (album) | BULLET::::- Boomer Simpson - Drums, Backing Vocals BULLET::::- Forrest French - Lead Vocals, Guitar BULLET::::- Jesse Cooper - Guitar, Backing Vocals BULLET::::- Josh McDowell - Bass | [
{
"text": "Drums",
"href": "Drums",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 4,
"start": 29,
"end": 34
},
"start": 29,
"end": 34
},
{
"text": "Backing Vocals",
"href": "Backing%20Vocals",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 4,
"start": 36,
"end": 50
},
"start": 36,
"end": 50
},
{
"text": "Lead Vocals",
"href": "Lead%20Vocals",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 5,
"start": 29,
"end": 40
},
"start": 80,
"end": 91
},
{
"text": "Guitar",
"href": "Guitar",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 5,
"start": 42,
"end": 48
},
"start": 93,
"end": 99
},
{
"text": "Guitar",
"href": "Guitar",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 6,
"start": 27,
"end": 33
},
"start": 127,
"end": 133
},
{
"text": "Backing Vocals",
"href": "Backing%20Vocals",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 6,
"start": 35,
"end": 49
},
"start": 135,
"end": 149
},
{
"text": "Bass",
"href": "Bass%20guitar",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 7,
"start": 28,
"end": 32
},
"start": 178,
"end": 182
}
] | {
"revid": 837886096,
"timestamp": "2018-04-23T16:38:58",
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"pre_dump": true,
"pageid": 21936130,
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crooked%20X%20(album)&oldid=837886096"
} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
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{
"paragraph_id": 5,
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},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"start": 0,
"end": 49
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"start": 0,
"end": 32
}
] | Section::::Credits.:Band. |
|
21936122 | 21936122 | Newey and Eyre | Newey and Eyre was a electrical wholesaler based in the UK.Founded in 1927, the company is now part of Rexel UK and has now been rebranded as such. | [
{
"text": "Rexel",
"href": "Rexel",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 103,
"end": 108
},
"start": 103,
"end": 108
}
] | {
"revid": 888562844,
"timestamp": "2019-03-19T23:18:00",
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"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Newey%20and%20Eyre&oldid=888562844"
} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 0,
"end": 147
}
] | Section::::Abstract |
|
21936122 | 21936122 | Newey and Eyre | Established in 1926, Newey & Eyre has celebrated over 80 years of service to the electrical wholesale market. Over the years the business has been acquired by a number of different holding company but has remained relatively unchanged by the corporate mergers. In 1993 Investor Group Hagemeyer acquired Newey & Eyre Group Ltd from Invensys PLC and in 2008 Newey and Eyre was acquired by Rexel. In 2009 Newey and Eyre launched an online store, Neweys Online. | [
{
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"source": {
"paragraph_id": 4,
"start": 23,
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},
"start": 284,
"end": 293
},
{
"text": "Invensys",
"href": "Invensys",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 4,
"start": 70,
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},
"start": 331,
"end": 339
},
{
"text": "Rexel",
"href": "Rexel",
"source": {
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},
"start": 387,
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}
] | {
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{
"paragraph_id": 4,
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},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"start": 0,
"end": 63
}
] | Section::::History. |
|
21936122 | 21936122 | Newey and Eyre | Newey & Eyre operates in the UK through a national network of nearly 130 branches with a profiled stock range of more than 32,000 different lines. Another 140,000 products are available either from stock or to special order. Newey and Eyre also hold a range of over 3.500 own branded products called Newlec. Newey and Eyre's head office is based in Birmingham, West Midlands at Eagle Court. In 2008 Newey & Eyre opened the capital’s first dedicated facilities management centre. | [
{
"text": "Birmingham",
"href": "Birmingham",
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},
"start": 349,
"end": 359
},
{
"text": "West Midlands",
"href": "West%20Midlands%20%28county%29",
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},
{
"text": "facilities management",
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},
"start": 449,
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}
] | {
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{
"paragraph_id": 7,
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},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"start": 0,
"end": 87
}
] | Section::::History. |
|
21936122 | 21936122 | Newey and Eyre | In 2016 Newey & Eyre rebranded to Rexel as part of the One Rexel transformation programme | [] | {
"revid": 888562844,
"timestamp": "2019-03-19T23:18:00",
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"start": 0,
"end": 89
}
] | Section::::History. |
|
21936122 | 21936122 | Newey and Eyre | Guardian | [
{
"text": "Guardian",
"href": "https%3A//www.theguardian.com/business/2005/feb/24/4",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 11,
"start": 0,
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},
"start": 0,
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}
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"start": 0,
"end": 8
}
] | Section::::References. |
|
21936122 | 21936122 | Newey and Eyre | BULLET::::- Rexel UK, Parent Company | [
{
"text": "Rexel UK, Parent Company",
"href": "http%3A//www.rexel.co.uk",
"source": {
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},
"start": 12,
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} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"start": 0,
"end": 36
}
] | Section::::External link. |
|
56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | The city of Wuhan, the capital city of Hubei province, China, has a long and rich history that dates back over 3,500 years. Starting out from the Shang Dynasty-era archaeological site at Panlongcheng associated with Erligang culture, the region would become part of the E state and Chu state during the Zhou Dynasty. The region evolved into an important port on the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and the cities of Hanyang, Hankou and Wuchang were united into the city of Wuhan in 1926. | [
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"start": 270,
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},
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"start": 282,
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"end": 291
},
{
"text": "Zhou Dynasty",
"href": "Zhou%20Dynasty",
"source": {
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"start": 303,
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"end": 315
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"start": 388,
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},
{
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"source": {
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"start": 421,
"end": 428
},
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"end": 428
},
{
"text": "Hankou",
"href": "Hankou",
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"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 430,
"end": 436
},
"start": 430,
"end": 436
},
{
"text": "Wuchang",
"href": "Wuchang",
"source": {
"paragraph_id": 1,
"start": 441,
"end": 448
},
"start": 441,
"end": 448
}
] | Wuhan | {
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"start": 0,
"end": 492
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] | Section::::Abstract |
56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | Wuhan briefly serving as the capital city of China in 1927 in 1937. Modern-day Wuhan is known as 'China's Thoroughfare' (九省通衢) due to its status as a major transportation hub, with dozens of railways, roads and expressways passing through the city and connecting to other major cities. | [] | Wuhan | {
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"start": 493,
"end": 778
}
] | Section::::Abstract |
56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | With a 3,500-year-long history, Wuhan is one of the most ancient and civilized metropolitan cities in China. Panlongcheng, an archaeological site associated with the Erligang culture, is located in modern-day Huangpi District. During the Western Zhou, the E state controlled the present-day Wuchang area south of the Yangtze River. After the conquest of the E state, the present-day Wuhan area was controlled by the Chu state for the rest of the Western Zhou and Eastern Zhou periods. | [
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"start": 416,
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},
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},
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"source": {
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"start": 463,
"end": 475
},
"start": 463,
"end": 475
}
] | Wuhan | {
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56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | During the Han dynasty, Hanyang became a fairly busy port. The Battle of Xiakou in AD 203 and Battle of Jiangxia five years later were fought over control of Jiangxia Commandery (present-day Xinzhou District in northeast Wuhan). In the winter of 208/9, one of the most famous battles in Chinese history and a central event in the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms"—the Battle of Red Cliffs—took place in the vicinity of the cliffs near Wuhan. | [
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56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | Around that time, walls were built to protect Hanyang (AD 206) and Wuchang (AD 223). The latter event marks the foundation of Wuhan. In AD 223, the Yellow Crane Tower (黄鹤楼), one of the Four Great Towers of China, was constructed on the Wuchang side of the Yangtze River by order of Sun Quan, leader of the Eastern Wu. | [
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56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | Due to tensions between the Eastern Wu and Cao Wei states, in the autumn of 228, Cao Rui, grandson of Cao Cao and the second emperor of the state of Cao Wei, ordered the general Man Chong to lead troops to Xiakou (夏口; in present-day Wuhan). | [
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56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | In 279, Wang Jun wrote a memorial to Emperor Wu, requesting that he order a military campaign against Eastern Wu. The emperor agreed, appointed Wang Jun as Prancing Dragon General (龍驤將軍) and ordered him to lead troops from Yi Province's capital, Chengdu, to invade Eastern Wu. | [
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56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | Wang Jun and his army conquered strategic locations in Wu territory such as Xiling (西陵; in present-day Yichang, Hubei), Xiakou (夏口; present-day Hankou) and Wuchang (武昌; present-day Ezhou, Hubei). When the Jin invasion forces reached the Wu capital Jianye, the last Wu emperor Sun Hao surrendered, thus bringing an end to the conquest of Wu. | [
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56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | In fall 550, Hou Jing sent Ren Yue to attack both Xiao Daxin and Xiao Fan's son Xiao Si (蕭嗣). Ren killed Xiao Si in battle, and Xiao Daxin, unable to resist, surrendered, allowing Hou to take his domain under control. | [
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56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | Meanwhile, Xiao Guan, who had by now settled at Jiangxia (江夏, in modern Wuhan), was planning to attack Hou, but this drew Xiao Yi's ire—believing that Xiao Guan was intending to contend for the throne—and he sent Wang to attack Xiao Guan. | [] | Wuhan | {
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56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | Xiao Guan, not willing to engage Wang, abandoned Jiangxia and fled to Ru'nan (汝南, in modern Jingmen, Hubei), where he entered into an alliance with Eastern Wei's successor state Northern Qi (with Gao Cheng's brother Gao Yang having seized the throne in summer 550) and was created the Prince of Liang as well. Meanwhile, Hou made Emperor Jianwen create him the Prince of Han. | [
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56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | In summer 567, Chen Xu commissioned Wu Mingche as the governor of Xiang Province and had him command a major part of the troops against Hua, along with Chunyu Liang (淳于量). The opposing sides met at Dunkou (沌口, in modern Wuhan). Wu and Chunyu were able to ram Hua's, Northern Zhou's, and Western Liang's fleets, causing them to collapse. Hua and the Northern Zhou general Yuwen Zhi (宇文直) were forced to flee to Western Liang's capital Jiangling. | [
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56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | In light of the victory, Wu first captured Western Liang's Hedong Commandery (河東, part of modern Jingzhou), and then further put Jiangling under siege. Western Liang's Emperor Ming was forced to flee to the subsidiary fort of Ji'nan (紀南, near Jiangling). | [] | Wuhan | {
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56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | The city has long been renowned as a center for the arts (especially poetry) and for intellectual studies.Cui Hao, a celebrated poet of the Tang dynasty, visited the building in the early 8th century; his poem made it the most celebrated building in southern China. | [
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56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | In spring 877, Wang Xianzhi captured E Prefecture (鄂州, in modern Wuhan). He then returned north, joining forces with Huang again, and they surrounded Song Wei at Song Prefecture (宋州, in modern Shangqiu, Henan). Only after the imperial general Zhang Zimian (張自勉) came to Song Wei's aid did the agrarian rebels release their hold on Song Wei. | [
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56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | Wang Xianzhi then headed south, successively capturing An Prefecture (安州, in modern Xiaogan, Hubei) and Sui Prefecture (隨州, in modern Suizhou, Hubei), before further raiding Fu (復州, in modern Tianmen, Hubei) and Ying (郢州, in modern Jingmen, Hubei). | [
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56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | In winter 877, Huang Chao pillaged Qi and Huang (黃州, in modern Wuhan) Prefectures. The Tang general Zeng Yuanyu (曾元裕) defeated him, however, and he fled. In 894, Wu Tao (吳討) the prefect of Huang Prefecture (黃州, modern Wuhan), who was under Du Hong the military governor of Wuchang Circuit (武昌, headquartered in modern Wuhan), offered to submit to Yang Xingmi. In response, Du put Huang Circuit under siege. | [
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56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | Yang sent Zhu to aid Wu. When another subordinate of Du's, Feng Jingzhang (馮敬章) the prefect of Qi Prefecture (蘄州, in modern Huanggang, Hubei) tried to intercept Zhu, Zhu put Qi Prefecture under siege but was initially unable to capture it. However, it appeared that subsequently, after Wu evacuated Huang Prefecture, Yang's forces were nevertheless able to hold it. | [
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56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | Before Kublai Khan arrived in 1259, word reached him that Möngke had died. Kublai decided to keep the death of his brother secret and continued the attack on Wuhan, near the Yangtze. While Kublai's force besieged Wuchang, Uryankhadai joined him. The present-day Wuying Pagoda was constructed at the end of the Song Dynasty between attacks by the Mongolian forces. Under the Mongol rulers (Yuan dynasty), Wuchang was promoted to the status of provincial capital. | [
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56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | By the dawn of the 18th century, Hankou had become one of China's top four most important towns of trade. In the late 19th century, railroads were extended on a north–south axis through the city, making Wuhan an important transshipment point between rail and river traffic. Also during this period foreign powers extracted mercantile concessions, with the riverfront of Hankou being divided up into foreign-controlled merchant districts. These districts contained trading firm offices, warehouses, and docking facilities. | [
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56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | The French had a concession in Hankou. | [
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56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | During the Second Opium War (known in the West as the Arrow War, 1856–1860), the government of the Qing dynasty was defeated by the western powers and signed the Treaties of Tianjin and the Convention of Peking, which stipulated eleven cities or regions (including Hankou) as trading ports. In December 1858, James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin, High Commissioner to China, led four warships up the Yangtze River in Wuhan to collect the information needed for opening the trading port in Wuhan. | [
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56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | And in the spring of 1861, Counselor Harry Parkes and Admiral Herbert were sent to Wuhan to open a trading port. On the basis of the Convention of Peking, Harry Parkes concluded the Hankou Lend-Lease Treaty with Guan Wen, the governor-general of Hunan and Hubei. It brought an area of along the Yangtze River (from Jianghan Road to Hezuo Road today) to become a British Concession and permitted Britain to set up its consulate in the concession. Thus, Hankou became an open trading port. | [] | Wuhan | {
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56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | In 1889, Zhang Zhidong was transferred from Viceroy of Liangguang (Guangdong and Guangxi provinces) to Viceroy of Huguang (Hunan and Hubei provinces). He governed the province for 18 years, until 1907. During this period, he elucidated the theory of "Chinese learning as the basis, Western learning for application," known as the ti-yong ideal. | [
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56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | He set up many heavy industries, founded Hanyang Steel Plant, Daye Iron Mine, Pingxiang Coal Mine and Hubei Arsenal and set up local textile industries, boosting the flourishing modern industry in Wuhan. Meanwhile, he initiated education reform, opened dozens of modern educational organizations successively, such as Lianghu (Hunan and Hubei) Academy of Classical Learning, Civil General Institute, Military General Institute, Foreign Languages Institute and Lianghu (Hunan and Hubei) | [
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56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | General Normal School, and selected a great many students for study overseas, which well promoted the development of China’s modern education. Furthermore, he trained a modern military and organized a modern army including a zhen and a xie (both zhen and xie are military units in the Qing dynasty) in Hubei. All of these laid a solid foundation for the modernization of Wuhan. | [] | Wuhan | {
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56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | Originally known as the Hubei Arsenal, the Hanyang Arsenal was founded in 1891 by Qing official Zhang Zhidong, who diverted funds from the Nanyang Fleet in Guangdong to build the arsenal. It cost about 250,000 pounds sterling and was built in 4 years. On 23 April 1894, construction was completed and the arsenal, occupying some , could start production of small-calibre cannons. It built magazine-fed rifles, Gruson quick fire guns, and cartridges. | [
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56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | On October 10, 1911, Sun Yat-sen's followers launched the Wuchang Uprising, which led to the collapse of the Qing dynasty, as well as the establishment of the Republic of China. Wuhan was the capital of a leftist Kuomintang government led by Wang Jingwei, in opposition to Chiang Kai-shek and the nationalist government during the 1920s. | [
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56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | The Wuchang Uprising of October 1911, which overthrew the Qing dynasty, originated in Wuhan. Before the uprising, anti-Qing secret societies were active in Wuhan. In September 1911, the outbreak of the protests in Sichuan forced the Qing authorities to send part of the New Army garrisoned in Wuhan to suppress the rebellion. On September 14 the Literary Society (文學社) and the Progressive Association (共進會), two local revolutionary organizations in Hubei, set up joint headquarters in Wuchang and planned for an uprising. | [
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56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | On the morning of October 9, a bomb at the office of the political arrangement exploded prematurely and alerted local authorities. The proclamation for the uprising, beadroll and the revolutionaries’ official seal fell into the hands of Rui Cheng, the governor-general of Hunan and Hubei, who demolished the uprising headquarters the same day and set out to arrest the revolutionaries listed in the beadroll. This forced the revolutionaries to launch the uprising earlier than planned. | [] | Wuhan | {
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56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | On the night of October 10, the revolutionaries fired shots to signal the uprising at the engineering barracks of Hubei New Army. They then led the New Army of all barracks to join the revolution. Under the guidance of Wu Zhaolin, Cai Jimin and others, this revolutionary army seized the official residence of the governor and government offices. Rui Cheng fled in panic into the Chu-Yu Ship. Zhang Biao, the commander of Qing army, also fled the city. | [
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56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | On the morning of the 11th, the revolutionary army took the whole city of Wuchang, but leaders such as Jiang Yiwu and Sun Wu disappeared. Thus the leaderless revolutionary army recommended Li Yuanhong, the assistant governor of Qing army, as the commander-in-chief. Li founded the Hubei Military Government, proclaimed the abolition of the Qing rule in Hubei, the founding of the Republic of China and published an open telegram calling for other provinces to join the revolution. | [
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56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | In the next two months, fourteen other provinces would declare their independence from the Qing government. | [] | Wuhan | {
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56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | As the revolution spread to other parts of the country, the Qing government concentrated loyalist military forces to suppress the uprising in Wuhan. From October 17 to December 1, the revolutionary army and local volunteers defended the city in the Battle of Yangxia against better armed and more numerous Qing forces commanded by Yuan Shikai. Huang Xing (黃興) would arrive in Wuhan in early November to take command of the revolutionary army. After fierce fighting and heavy casualties, Qing forces seized Hankou and Hanyang. | [
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56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | But Yuan agreed to halt the advance on Wuchang and participated in peace talks, which would eventually lead to the return of Sun Yat-sen from exile, founding of the Republic of China on January 1, 1912, the abdication of the Last Emperor on February 12, and the formation of a united provisional government in the spring of 1912. Through the Wuchang Uprising, Wuhan is known as the birthplace of the Xinhai Revolution, named after the Xinhai year on the Chinese calendar. | [
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56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | The city has several museums and memorials to the revolution and the thousands of martyrs who died defending the revolution. | [] | Wuhan | {
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56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | Reverend (later Bishop) Edward Galvin led the first band of the Missionary Society of St. Columban to open their mission in the Hanyang District. Galvin was named Apostolic Prefect of the Apostolic Prefecture of Hanyang by the Holy See in 1923 and later made the Apostolic Vicar of the promoted Apostolic Vicariate of Hanyang in 1927, with Galvin being consecrated as its titular bishop (it became a diocese under him in 1946, suffragan of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hankou). | [
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56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | Li Zongren's first victories as a Nationalist general were in Hunan, where he defeated rival warlord Wu Peifu in two successive battles and captured the provincial capital, Wuhan, in 1926. With the northern extension of the Northern Expedition, the center of the Great Revolution shifted from the Pearl River basin to the Yangtze River basin. On November 26, the KMT Central Political Committee decided to [[Historical capitals of China|move the capital from Guangzhou to Wuhan. | [
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56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | In middle December, most of the KMT central executive commissioners and national government commissioners arrived in Wuhan, set up the temporary joint conference of central executive commissioners and National Government commissioners, performed the top functions of central party headquarters and National Government, declared they would work in Wuhan on January 1, 1927, and decided to combine the towns of Wuchang, Hankou, and Hanyang into Wuhan City, called "Capital District". | [] | Wuhan | {
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56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | The national government was in the Nanyang Building in Hankou, while the central party headquarters and other organizations chose their locations in Hankou or Wuchang. In March 1927, [[Mao Zedong]] appeared at the Third Plenum of the KMT Central Executive Committee in Wuhan, which sought to strip General Chiang of his power by appointing [[Wang Jingwei]] leader. | [] | Wuhan | {
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] | Section::::Qing dynasty.:Republic of China.:National government moves its capital to Wuhan. |
56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | The first phase of the Northern Expedition was interrupted by the political split in the Kuomintang following the formation of the [[Nanjing]] faction in April 1927 against the existing faction in Wuhan. Members of the [[Chinese Communist Party]], who had survived the April 12 massacre, met at Wuhan and re-elected [[Chen Duxiu]] (Ch'en Tu-hsiu) as the Party's Secretary General. | [] | Wuhan | {
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] | Section::::Qing dynasty.:Republic of China.:National government moves its capital to Wuhan. |
56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | The split was partially motivated by the [[Shanghai Massacre|purge of the Communists]] within the party, which marked the end of the [[First United Front]], and [[Chiang Kai-shek]] briefly stepped down as the commander of the National Revolutionary Army. | [] | Wuhan | {
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] | Section::::Qing dynasty.:Republic of China.:National government moves its capital to Wuhan. |
56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | In June 1927, [[Stalin]] sent a telegram to the Communists in Wuhan, calling for mobilisation of an army of workers and peasants. This alarmed Wang Jingwei, who decided to break with the Communists and come to terms with Chiang Kai-shek. The [[Wuhan coup]] was a political shift made on July 15, 1927 by Wang Jingwei towards Chiang Kai-shek, and his [[Shanghai]]-based rival in the [[Kuomintang]] (KMT). | [] | Wuhan | {
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] | Section::::Qing dynasty.:Republic of China.:National government moves its capital to Wuhan. |
56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | Borodin returned to the Soviet Union by train in July 1927, accompanied by Sun Yat-sen’s widow [[Soong Ching-ling]]. "The revolution extends to the [[Yangtze|Yangzi River]]," Borodin told a reporter as they began their journey, and "if a diver were sent down to the bottom of this yellow stream he would rise again with an armful of shattered hopes." | [] | Wuhan | {
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] | Section::::Qing dynasty.:Republic of China.:National government moves its capital to Wuhan. |
56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | On July 27, 1927, Soviet emissary [[Mikhail Borodin]] and 30 people left Wuhan in five cars and five trucks to return to the USSR in a two-month overland trip, after General [[Feng Yuxiang]] was bribed to guarantee him safe passage—twelve days after Chinese Communists were expelled. Borodin had had a bounty of US$29,000 for his capture, and had hidden in the home of Nationalist official and future Chinese Premier [[T. V. Soong]]. | [] | Wuhan | {
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] | Section::::Qing dynasty.:Republic of China.:National government moves its capital to Wuhan. |
56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | Borodin finally returned to Moscow on October 6. The Wuhan Nationalist Government was established in Wuhan on February 21, 1927 and ended by August 19, 1927. | [] | Wuhan | {
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] | Section::::Qing dynasty.:Republic of China.:National government moves its capital to Wuhan. |
56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | In the [[1931 China floods]], the high-water mark was reached on 19 August at [[Hankou]], with the water level exceeding above normal. Comparatively, this is an average of above [[the Bund (Shanghai)|the Shanghai Bund]]. In 1936, when natural disaster struck [[Central China]] with widespread flooding affecting [[Hebei]] (), [[Hunan]] (), [[Jiangxi]] (), Wuhan and | [] | Wuhan | {
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] | Section::::Qing dynasty.:Republic of China.:Flooding in the 1930's. |
56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | [[Chongqing]] () caused by the [[Yangtze]] and [[Huai River]]s () bursting their banks, [[Ong Seok Kim]], as Chairman of the Sitiawan Fundraising and Disaster Relief Committee, raised money and materials in support of the victims. | [] | Wuhan | {
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"end": 596
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] | Section::::Qing dynasty.:Republic of China.:Flooding in the 1930's. |
56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | [[File:Zhongshan Warship 1.jpg|thumb|The gunboat "Zhongshan"]] | [] | Wuhan | {
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] | Section::::Qing dynasty.:Republic of China.:Battle of Wuhan. |
56640900 | 56640900 | History of Wuhan | During the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]] and following the fall of Nanking in December 1937, Wuhan had become the provisional capital of China's Kuomintang government, and became another focal point of pitched air battles beginning in early 1938 between modern [[monoplane]] bomber and fighter aircraft of the Imperial Japanese forces and the [[Chinese Air Force (disambiguation)|Chinese Air Force]], which included support from the [[Soviet Volunteer Group]] in both planes and personnel, as U.S. support in war materials waned. | [] | Wuhan | {
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] | Section::::Qing dynasty.:Republic of China.:Battle of Wuhan. |