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https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741440 | Anthem of Tatarstan | The national anthem of the Republic of Tatarstan (state anthem of the Republic of Tatarstan, state anthem of the Republic of Tatarstan) is one of the state symbols of the Republic of Tatarstan.
## Text
On February 21, 2013, the Parliament of Tatarstan unanimously approved the text of the Anthem of the Republic of Tatarstan. The final text of the anthem is based on the famous poem "Tugan Yagym" ("My Native Side") written by Ramazan Baitimerov in the 1970s. Many unknown authors participated in the revision of the poems. Ramazan's poems inspired the composer Rustem Jahin to write a song, the tune of which became the national anthem of Tatarstan in 1993. The new text of the anthem consists of 8 lines in Tatar and 8 lines in Russian. The text was translated into Russian by the Russian poet Philip Piraev (of Assyrian origin).
## Prerequisite
Until 2013, the national anthem of the Republic of Tatarstan was performed in strict accordance with the musical version of the anthem approved by the Decree of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Tatarstan dated July 14, 1994 "On the National Anthem of the Republic of Tatarstan". The text of the song "Tugan Yagym" by Ramazan Batimov was not used.
Currently, the National Anthem of the Republic of Tatarstan is performed in accordance with the provisions of the Law "On State Symbols of the Republic of Tatarstan".
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741298 | Kydyrali Isalyuly Koitay | Kydyraly Isalyuly Koitay (born on October 19, 1951 in the village of Kokdonen, Turar Ryskulov district, Zhambyl region. Journalist, cultural figure of the Republic of Kazakhstan. He was born in the village of Kokdonen, Ryskulov district (former Lugovoi district). In 2010, he moved to the national social and political magazine "Aqikat" and became the chief editor of the magazine "Alakay-Balakai" and the newspaper "Bas Katyrgyz". ## Source |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741369 | Gulnur Shakenkovna Omirbaeva | Gulnur Shakenkynya Umirbayeva was born in 1975 in Kokdonen village, Turar Ryskulov district, Zhambyl region. Cultural figure of the Republic of Kazakhstan, teacher-scientist, candidate of pedagogical sciences, singer, composer.
## Biography
After graduating from high school in 1992, Gulnur Shakenovna graduated from the Faculty of Music Pedagogy of the Kazakh State Girls' Pedagogical Institute in 1997. In 1997, he was accepted as a researcher-intern of the Department of Music Teaching Theory and Methodology of this institute. In 1998, he left the industry and entered postgraduate studies. Since 2002, he started his career as a teacher of the department of vocal and choral conducting. In 2008, he was transferred to the position of acting associate professor of the Department of Theory and Methodology of Cultural Mass Works. In 2009, he served as the temporary head of this department. Since 2009, he has been working as the dean of the Faculty of Music Education and Culture. In 2010, he successfully defended his scientific thesis and received the scientific degree of Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences.
### Scientific works
* "The Art of Singing" educational tool (2007);
* Educational tool "Formation of patriotic values of schoolchildren during extracurricular work through Kazakh songs" (2010); -
* "Patriotic songs" anthology (2013).
### Achievements, awards
* In 2000, laureate of the Republican song contest "New Century - New Song";
* In 2002, the winner of the "Golden Dombra" prize appointed by the President at the Kazakh song contest held as part of the international "Voice of Asia" festival;
* In 2007, the "Arman" production center released the collection of songs "An erkesy" and "Girls, girls...";
* In 2009, the title of "Culture figure of the Republic of Kazakhstan";
* In 2010, the Republican "My country!" laureate of the patriotic song contest;
* In 2014, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan "Y. Altynsarin" badge.
## Source |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741329 | Rainmaker Useinov | Zhanbyrshi Useyinov was born on May 9, 1947 in the village of Kokdonen, Turar Ryskulov district, Zhambyl region. Artist, composer.
## Biography
Zhanbyrshi (Zhanbyrbai) Useyinuly was born on May 9, 1947 in the village of Kokdonen, T.Ryskulov district, Zhambyl region. For almost 20 years, he taught secondary school students named after Ahmet Baitursynov, first in mathematics, and then in music. His eyesight worsened, he retired on group I disability and stayed at home for 25 years.
Rainmaker Useyinov wrote his first song "Boy's Secret" at the age of 17. The words of a number of songs are the author's. Patriotic songs - "Batyr Babam", "Abilkhair", "Fathers who returned from the war", "Boxer", "I'm looking for you", "Zhan Isharym", "Jigit syr", "Where are you, Karlyghashim" by Baizak Datka dedicated to Mambetul - lyrics by the poet Karipzhan Nusip's. The lyrics of the song "My grandson is my son" were written by the poet Berdish Shakharov. "Where are you, my dreams", "Kudasha", "Sagynysh" (lyrics by Zhanbyrshi Useyinov) and other lyrical songs were warmly received by the audience. Author of about 40 songs. The song "Fathers who returned from the war" is broadcasted on Kazakh Radio. Included in the Golden Fund of Radio. A collection of songs called "Missing" was published.
## Source |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741408 | Tour leader | guide (fr. guide; sometimes a guide) is a specialist who guides the tour, shows the region and place to clients, explains its culture and history.
## Necessary abilities
The tour leader should have four abilities that are characteristic of the teacher: constructive, organizational, communicative and analytical.
* Constructive abilities. It is necessary to choose the excursion material and make it correct, it should be clear and reliable. If necessary, it is necessary to re-plan the excursion using a plan, methodical reception, schemes. This type of ability is designed to develop the thinking function of the guide.
* Organizational abilities. Manages the excursion group, directs the interest of the tourists to the desired objects, and at the same time ensures the implementation of the specified program for tourists and tourists from other cities.
* Communication skills. Establish business relations with the excursion group and maintain them until the end of the excursion, have a good relationship with the bus driver on the route, the museum director, the staff of the exhibition in which the tourists participate, the guides and leaders of other tourist groups, and the organizers of trips and excursions.
* Analytical abilities. A critical analysis of one's own work, an accurate assessment of the quality of the excursion, and the effectiveness of using methodological approaches are the basis for this. Not all guides have these abilities, but everyone should strive to have them. An important role in the development of the abilities of tour guides is played by methodological sections, independent work near the objects, in-depth study of the methodology and technique of conducting tours, courses, work preparation.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741078 | Huanbai Askerkhan | Huanbai Askerkhan (Askerkhan Aktai) (born on November 22, 1974 in Kyzylkayin Region, Bayan-Olgii Region, Mongolia) is a poet, playwright, member of the Writers' Union of Kazakhstan, a leader in the field of culture, an honored citizen of Kyzylkayin Region.
## Biography
In 1983-1993 M. Graduated from Kyzylkayin secondary school named after Zaisanov. He studied at higher educational institutions of Kazakhstan and Mongolia. He was interested in literature while studying in high school. His works were published in the newspapers "Egemen Kazakhstan", "Kazakh literature", magazines "Aitumar", "Akjunis", "Daraboz", "Iman", "Otyken". In addition, it was published on the republican sites "Baz kz", "Abay kz", "Ult portaly", "Kamshi", "Kultobe" and other sites and received a well-deserved appreciation from readers.
## Works
* "Glow of Zubarzhat" (2016),
* "Sumbil" (2017),
* "Heart your heart" (2023);
* "Your fire will not go out", "Father", "The horseman's deposit", "Jatbaur", "Koshim Khan-Suzge Sulu" etc. the author of dramas:
## Awards
* In 2012, the main prize winner of the republican song contest "Man's Victory - Country's Victory";
* In 2013, the winner of the song contest dedicated to the 155th anniversary of the birth of Shakarim Kudaiberdiuly;
* In 2014, the main prize-winner of the republican "Dinim-dyngegim" song contest organized by the Kostanay regional "Maral Ishan" mosque of the Religious Administration of Muslims of Kazakhstan;
* In 2015, the third prize winner of the international song contest "Er Zhanibek - Er Zhanibek" dedicated to the 300th anniversary of Er Zhanibek's birth;
* In 2015, the winner of the 2nd place in the "Best Poetry" nomination of the republican creative competition organized by the "Kamshi" Foundation dedicated to the 550th anniversary of the Kazakh Khanate;
* Winner of the special prize of the "Daraboz" competition in 2015;
* In 2015, the main prize-winner of the republican "Ulytau ulagaty — nation's ideal" main song contest dedicated to the 550th anniversary of the Kazakh Khanate;
* Honorary citizen of Kyzylkayin region in 2015;
* In 2015, he was awarded a medal for the 550th anniversary of the Kazakh Khanate;
* In 2016, the winner of the republican mushaira prize dedicated to the 150th anniversary of the birth of Zuka Batyr;
* In 2016, he won the main prize of the song contest "My direction is Islam, My happiness is Independence" announced by the Ust-Kamenogorsk office of the Religious Administration of Muslims of Kazakhstan;
* Member of the Writers' Union of Kazakhstan in 2021;
* Member of the Writers' Union of Kazakhstan in 2021. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741281 | Sayranbai Alikululy | Sayranbai Alikululy Donenbaev (3.3.1965, born in Zharlysu village, Turar Ryskulov district, Zhambyl region, Labor Man of Kazakhstan.
## Biography
Sayranbai Alikululy was born in 1965 in a peasant family. He is a zootechnician and manager. He started his career as a shepherd and head of a farm in Zharlysu. "Shaushen" farm operates a fattening complex of 3,000 sheep, 500 horses and 200 cattle and sets an example for others in the development of this successful industry. Farms that have been able to conduct farming on a scientific basis are becoming more successful every year. The technical park of the farm is expanding every year and is replenished with new equipment. Today, the farm owns about 200 dairy cattle, 500 meat cattle of the "Alatau" breed, 857 head of horses, and about 15 thousand sheep of the "Edilbay" breed. At the same time, grain crops are grown on 4000 hectares of land. Today, the farm provides permanent employment to 110 people. Their average salary is 45,000 tenge. The head of "Shaushen" farm, Sayranbai Donenbaev, did not ignore the development and beautification of the village. The village of Zharlysu cannot be compared with the village ten years ago. The most beautiful and beautiful mosque that catches the eye from afar, ten new two-apartment houses lined up like an egg, a boarding house for 40 people, and in front of this boarding school, a park built for the veterans of the Ukrainian Armed Forces and victims of the Famine, a kindergarten for 100 children. These eye-catching buildings add to the beauty of the village. Sayranbai Donenbaev opened a sanatorium in the mountain of the village of Zharlysu for treatment with kumyz. All these are today's skyscrapers, which were built with the private funds of the farm and given to the nation. Entrepreneur Sayranbai Alikululy Donenbaev's many achievements are not insignificant. He was awarded the "Kurmet" order, won the 2nd place in the "Altyn Sapa" republican competition held in the capital - Astana, and was awarded with a silver medal. The title of "Patriot of the Year", "10 Years of Independence" medal, "20 Years of Independence" medal, "Glory of Labor 2012" medal, "Paryz 2012" medal were awarded. The laureate of the "Generous Heart" award was named the winner of the "Person of the Year" title. On the eve of the 27th anniversary of independence, he received the title of Labor Man of Kazakhstan.
## Source |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741476 | Wandering sheep | Kydyraly Isalyuly Koitay (born on October 19, 1951 in the village of Kokdonen, Turar Ryskulov district, Zhambyl region. Journalist, cultural figure of the Republic of Kazakhstan. He was born in the village of Kokdonen, Ryskulov district (former Lugovoi district). In 2010, he moved to the national social and political magazine "Aqikat" and became the chief editor of the magazine "Alakay-Balakai" and the newspaper "Bas Katyrgyz". ## Source |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=740777 | Arda Guler | Arda Güler (trans. Arda Güler; February 25, 2005, Ankara) is a Turkish football player, a midfielder for the Spanish club "Real Madrid" and the Turkish national team. The first Turkish football player to win the Champions League.
## Club career
### Career start
He started his career in 2014 at the academy of the local club "Henchlerbyrt". In 2019, he joined the Istanbul Fenerbahçe Academy. On January 13, 2021, he signed his first professional contract with the club. On August 19, he played his first game for Fenerbahce in the qualifying round of the Europa League playoff against HIK club. Three days later, he made his debut in the Turkish Super League match against Antalyaspor and provided an assist. He became the youngest player to pass in the Turkish Super League (16 years and 178 days). On March 13, 2022, he scored his first goal for "Fenerbahçe" in the Turkish Super League match against Antalyaspor.
In 2023, Milan, Napoli, PSG, Ajax, Barcelona and Real Madrid, as well as several English clubs showed interest in the player.
### Real Madrid
Signing contract with Real Madrid and his first season (2023–2024)
On July 6, 2023, Spanish club Real Madrid signed Arda Güler in 2029 announced a six-year contract before the season. Before moving to Real Madrid, Arda Guler turned down an offer from Barcelona. The transfer fee was 20 million euros, another 10 million euros were given as a bonus.
Arda Güler was injured before the season, it took about 60 days to recover; In the fall, he hurt his hip and had to miss another month. He made his debut for the club on January 6, 2024 in the 1/16 final of the Spanish Cup against Arandina. He played for the first time on January 27 in the Spanish championship against Las Palmas in the 81st minute. On March 10, 2024, he scored his first goal for Real Madrid against Celta. The next goal was scored on April 26 in a championship match against Real Sociedad. At that time, he appeared in the main team for the first time. On May 14, he took part in the victory over Alaves (5:0) and scored a goal. On May 19, he scored a goal against Villarreal in a 4-4 draw. At the end of the season, Real Madrid became the Spanish champion.
In the spring of 2024, information began to appear that Arda Guler will be sent on loan, but this was denied.
He did not play in the 2023/24 Champions League final against Borussia Dortmund. "Real Madrid" won the cup with a score of 2:0.
## Career in the national team
In 2021, he made his debut in the Turkish U17 national team.
On November 19, 2022, he played his first game for Turkey in a friendly match against the Czech Republic. On 19 June 2023, he scored his first goal from 23 meters in a match against Wales in the Euro 2024 qualifying tournament.
And he scored his second goal in the group stage of the 2024 European Championship against Georgia with a goal from a distance.
## Playstyle
Arda Güler was a promising midfielder for Fenerbahçe. He was able to move from the flanks and attack from deep. He also has the ability to score from a distance.
In the final of the Turkish Cup held on June 11, 2023, he created 8 goals and assisted Michy Batshuayi in the 2nd minute of the match. "Fenerbahçe" won the cup for the first time in the last 10 years, defeating "Istanbul Başakşehir" 2:0.
## Achievements
Fenerbahçe
* Turkish Cup Winner: 2022/23
Real Madrid
* Spanish Champion: 2023/ 24
* Winner of the Spanish Super Cup: 2023/24
* Winner of the UEFA Champions League: 2023/24
## Statistics
### Club
\ <> As of May 19, 2024
### In the national team
As of July 6, 2024
In the game column, it is shown how many goals Arda Güler scored in his last match. and in terms of goals and results, Turkey is the first.
## Sources
## Links
* Profile on the official website of FC "Real Madrid" (eng.) |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741477 | Azamat Khan Amirtai | Azamatkhan Sailauuly Amirtai, born in 1978 in Turar Ryskulov district of Zhambyl region, is a Kazakh political figure, chairman of the "Baytak" party.
## Biography
Born in 1978 in Zhaksylyk village, Turar Ryskulov district, Zhambyl region.
In 2000 he graduated with honors from the Almaty Institute of Energy and Communications, in 2005 he graduated with honors from the Kazakh National Agrarian University, Executive MBA, "SKOLKOVO" Moscow School of Management
Profession: computer telecommunications engineer, local public administration \ <>
1995-2000 - private business activities in the field of sales of personal computers and equipment;
1999-2000 — Branch of "Paging Company" in Almaty, director;
2001-2005 — "Kaznewtech Ltd" and "Kaz Com Net" LLP, director;
2005-2006 — Adviser to the first vice-president on information of "Kazakhstan Temir Zholy" NC" JSC;
2007-2008 - "Kazakhstan Temir Zholy" NC" JSC, adviser to the president on information;
2005-2008 — Association of software companies, vice president;
2008-2014 - Association of legal entities "Kazakhstan Software Company Association", president;
2014-2016 — "Investors' Alliance", local public association, president;
2016 - until now - Republican public association "Environmental Alliance" "Baytak Moruk", president;
2017 - Advisor to the Chairman of the Board of Directors of Almaty Energy and Communication University.
2022 - chairman of the party "Baytak Borukum".
Marital status: married, has four children
Hajj to Mecca twice
Awards: "People's favorite-2014" national award in the nomination "Patron of the Year"
Hobbies: chess, cycling, swimming.
## Source |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741314 | Duysenaly Dybysalyuly Bykybaev | Duysenaly Dybysalyuly was born on September 2, 1957 in the village of Koragaty, Turar Ryskulov district, Zhambyl region. Culture and art figure, composer.
## Biography
Duysenaly Dybysalyuly graduated in 1983 from the Department of National Instruments of the Zhambyl Cultural and Educational School, and in 1987 from the Faculty of History and Sociology of the State Kazakh University named after S. M. Kirov. In 1976-1983 he was a cinematographer of the Lugovoi district culture department, head of the auto club, in 1983-1986 he was a member of the Zhambyl regional executive committee and executive secretary of the Lugovoi Interdistrict Historical and Cultural Monuments Protection Society, in 1986-1987 he was the director of the district house of culture, in 1987-1996 he was a member of the Zhambyl regional executive committee. Head of culture departments of Lugovoi districts, deputy akim of T.Ryskulov district in 1996-2000, head of T.Ryskulov district culture and language development department in 2000, head of T.Ryskulov district akim's office in 2012, culture, archives and documentation of Zhambyl region administration in 2013 deputy head of the board, 2014-2020. He served as the head of the department of culture, archives and documentation of Zhambyl region akimat.
Duysenaly Dybysalyuly pays special attention to the provision of services in accordance with the modern requirements of culture and archive institutions subordinate to the board. During the time he was in charge of culture departments in Merki and Turar Ryskulov districts, he carried out the positive practices in the region. First of all, work aimed at strengthening the material and technical base of cultural and archive institutions, raising the qualification and responsibility of personnel is being carried out rationally. As a result, almost all regional libraries were connected to the Internet. Through effective use of the "Electronic Government" network, this work has been coordinated in all cultural institutions. The work of copying historical documents into electronic-digital form has been revived in the archives. The most important thing is that in recent years there has been a tendency to introduce our history and culture to the world by conducting excavations in Taraz, the iron pillar of our history, and its surrounding medieval cities. While conducting new archeological excavations, work on the creation of an open-air museum has been revived. The library has raised public services of clubs and societies to a new level. At the initiative of Duysenaly Dybysalyuly, the connection of cultural and archive institutions with scientists, higher educational institutions is strengthened. This is evidenced by the fact that the Academy of Sciences of Kazakhstan signed a memorandum on the development of mutual cooperation with Sh. Ualikhanov Research Institute of Literature and Taraz State Pedagogical Institute.
On the initiative of D. D. Bykybaev, the work of increasing the creativity of local musicians, artists and young poets, and encouraging them was undertaken. Compilations with the songs of musicians were published, and the tradition of organizing aytis and mushayra among young poets was formed. He is grateful to the talented people for opening the door to the artistic region of young talents and contributing to the development of their art. The talents he brought up, brought up, who are now recognized throughout the country with their art - Dosymzhan Tanatarov, Tahmina Ashimbekova, Onal Azamatova, Zhalgas Tolganbay and other talents are laureates of international and republican competitions.
The work carried out in the direction of the promotion of folk creativity in the districts, the organization of ensembles of artistic artists, the revitalization of folk theaters and the best centers of culture, is bearing fruit. The content of contests, contests, and art festivals among professional and artists' collectives has increased and their meaning has increased. Today, famous artists happily participate in international song contests, contests, and festivals held in Zhambyl. He is also harmoniously carrying out the work aimed at recognizing talents. This is evidenced by only one work aimed at wide recognition of Mels Ozbekov, a musician who was once loved by the people. His ability to overcome the difficulties in the field of culture in the first years of our independence, to use his efforts to save cultural and social buildings, today he is respected by culture workers.
D.D. Bykybaev, along with being a business leader, is a nationally recognized artist. In 2002, in the program "Let's listen to a new song" organized by the Kazakh radio, the song "Biz birmyz" was recognized as the best and was named "song of the year". Also "Anashim", "What's my fault?" written by Sh. Abishev, "Grandma Aldii", "Missing" written by Sh. Mamaserikova, "Nazigim" written by M. Iskak, "Gul Prasm" written by Gani Alimbekov Here comes one spring", "Zhettin be spring", "You are coming", "Tumanda" written by Zhanyl Asylbekova, "Mels' last song" written by Argynbay Bekbosyn, "Kieli my Kulany" written by S. Kozheke, "Akkol" More than 50 songs found their way to the hearts of many listeners. A collection of songs titled "My Village in Shal Mountain" was released.
Many people know that Duysenaly Dybysalyuly is a patriotic citizen in raising the spirit of the people and carrying out works aimed at the triumph of national values. In 1991, in the construction of the mausoleum of the hero of the people Sypatay Alibekuly, and in 2015, during the celebration of the 550th anniversary of the Kazakh Khanate in Taraz, his organizational and coordination abilities were especially bright. On the eve of the great festival, the historical and cultural expedition "The land where the Kazakh Khanate raised the flag" organized by him had a special effect on raising the spirit of the people of the region. The expedition made up of representatives of the intelligentsia of the region, historians, local historians and cultural workers, poets and singers enlightened everyone with their stories about the history, culture and art of our people.
In 2001, he was awarded the "Cultural figure" badge of the Ministry of Culture, Information and Social Harmony of the Republic of Kazakhstan for his outstanding contribution to the development of district culture departments, and in 2005, organized by the Ministry of Culture, Information and Sports of the Republic of Kazakhstan Actively participated in the republican competition "Best Rural Club, House of Culture", "Best Rural Library" and received thanks for his contribution to the development of rural culture. In 2011, he was awarded the celebratory medal "20 years of the Independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan", in 2015 he was awarded the celebratory medal "20 years of the Assembly of the Peoples of Kazakhstan", the medal dedicated to the 550th anniversary of the Kazakh Khanate, the International Council of Museums Committee, the association of legal entities ICOM "For his contribution to the development of the museum sector". His meritorious contribution to the development of culture and art was highly appreciated by the akim of the region, the secretary of the regional maslikhat, the "Nur Otan" party, the ministry and district akimats, and was awarded with diplomas and letters of thanks. In 2016, he was awarded the Order of Honor by the Decree of the President. He raised a son and a daughter and loved his grandchildren.
## Source |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741375 | Gulmira Akurpekova | Gulmira Akurpekova was born on January 20, 1965 in Abzhappar village, Turar Ryskulov district, Zhambyl region. Cultural figure of the Republic of Kazakhstan, pop singer. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741378 | Aidos Zhandosuly Sadykov | Aidos Zhandosuly Sadykov (December 9, 1968, Aiteke bi district, Aktobe region - July 2, 2024, Kyiv) is a Kazakh journalist, opposition politician, author of the online information source "BASE".
Sadykov was known for his opposition to the former president Nursultan Nazarbayev and the current president Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, who has a pro-Russian stance.
## Biography
The Alimuli tribe came from the Tortkara clan. Aidos Sadykov was born on December 9, 1968 in the village of Karabutak, Aktobe region. Although he studied Russian at school, he spoke Kazakh at home. After graduating from the Faculty of History of the Aktobe Pedagogical Institute, he worked in the fields of business, trade and oil.
Sadykov was a well-known oppositionist in Kazakhstan. He opposed the President Nursultan Nazarbayev and chaired the regional branch of Azat Social-Democratic Party. He was one of the founders of the civil movement "Gastat", and he also created independent trade unions in the oil company CNPC-Aktobemunaigaz. Later, he was also one of the leaders of the "Zhusan" social-liberal party.
In 2005, Sadykov started his political career when he headed the Aktobe regional branch of the opposition True White Way Party, which was aiming to win a seat in the Mazhilis. In 2010, he left the party; leaders saw his position as too radical. In the same year, he took part in protests demanding the resignation of Nazarbayev, the release of political prisoners, and the cessation of land sales. Several criminal cases have been opened against Sadikov, including charges of forgery, assault and resisting the police. He underwent a mandatory psychiatric examination for a month. In 2010, he was sentenced to two years in prison for hooliganism, and the special services of Kazakhstan tried to recruit him, but Sadykov refused.
By the beginning of 2014, the Kazakh authorities initiated a case against Sadykov's journalist wife. In April 2014, he and his family moved from Kazakhstan to Ukraine and settled in Kyiv, where they continued their opposition activities. In the same year, Sadykov announced the creation of an international battalion within the Armed Forces of Ukraine. On May 7, they created the BASE YouTube channel.
On October 14, 2020, the Shevchenkivskiy District Court of Kyiv initiated a case against Aidos and Natalya Sadykova of the limited liability company "ABS-Munai" regarding the protection of the company's reputation and the denial of false information.
In January 2022, Sadikov supported major protests in the country. Since February 24, 2022, the BASE channel has openly expressed its opposition to Russia's invasion of Ukraine. The channel was one of the first sources of information to announce the formation of the "Turan" battalion in the Armed Forces of Ukraine, which will receive soldiers from Central Asia and the Caucasus.
In the fall of 2023, Aidos and Natalya Sadykova were wanted in Kazakhstan on charges of "inciting sedition".
## Death
On June 18, 2024, an assassination attempt was made against Aidos Sadykov near the houses of the Sadykovs on Viktor Yarmola Street in Kyiv. The criminal approached the car in which Sadikov and his wife were sitting and shot Sadikov. Sadikov, whose condition was serious, was immediately admitted to the hospital's intensive care unit.
A pre-trial investigation into attempted murder has begun. President of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev announced that the law enforcement agencies of Kazakhstan are ready to investigate the attempt to "find out the truth". Sadykov's wife Natalya Tokayev was called the "main beneficiary" of the assassination of her husband. Sadikov fell into a deep coma and died on July 2 at 3 am.
On July 3, it became known that Aidos Sadykov will be buried in Kyiv.
### Investigation progress
On June 21, the Ukrainian police found out that the assassination was committed by two Kazakhs who came to Kyiv from Poland on June 2. Altai Mamashuly Zhakanbaev (born on February 9, 1988) and Meiram Muratovich Karatayev (born on May 9, 1991), an employee of the Kostanay region police department, were charged in absentia and an international search was announced. Both left Ukraine for Moldova on the day of the attack.
Altay Zhakanbayev was handed over to the authorities of Kazakhstan, where he was detained and investigated. On June 27, Kazakhstan announced that it refused to extradite the suspects to Ukraine.
## Family
Aidos Sadykov was married to Natalya Sadykova, they have three children.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741531 | Eurovision Song Contest 2026 | The Eurovision Song Contest (English: Eurovision Song Contest; French: Concours Eurovision de la chanson) is a pop song competition between member states of the European Broadcasting Union (EEU).
Only one representative from each member country of the European Broadcasting Union can participate in the competition. The festival will be held live. Only one representative (individual performer or group) can participate from each country, whose poem does not exceed three minutes. There should not be more than six artists on the stage at the same time during the performance of the song. After all the songs have been performed, the most popular song will be chosen in the finals and semi-finals by a vote of the TV audience and the jury of the participating countries.
The competition has been held every year since 1956 and is the most popular non-sports event in the world. The number of viewers reaches up to 600 million people. In addition, despite the fact that it is not included in the territory of Europe and does not participate in Eurovision, the contest is shown in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, Australia, Canada, Egypt, India, Lebanon, the Republic of South Africa, South Korea, the USA and other countries. Since 2000, the competition has been broadcast on the Internet; in particular, 74 thousand people watched the online broadcast in 2006.
The Eurovision contest made a significant contribution to the fame of some artists. For example, the legendary Swedish group ABBA and Celine Dion became world famous after the competition.
Kazakhstan has been trying to participate in this competition since 2011. However, he is unable to participate because he does not meet the requirements of EBC.
Singer Manija will participate in Eurovision 2021 on behalf of Russia.
## Winners
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741372 | Tahmina Ashimbekova | Tahmina Talgatkyna Ashimbekova was born on November 11, 1979 in Zhanaturmys village, Turar Ryskulov district, Zhambyl region. Cultural figure of the Republic of Kazakhstan, pop singer, laureate of international song contests. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741393 | Kairat Ashiraliuly Bisembaev | Kairat Ashiraliuly Bisembayev (born on April 22, 1965 in the village of Birles, Turar Ryskulov district, Zhambyl region (now Salimbai Pirmanov village). State and public figure, poet, composer.
## Biography
\< > Kairat Ashiraliuly was born in a family of teachers in 1972 and graduated from Algabas High School with a gold medal in 1987. Studied and graduated from Turan University with the specialty "Lawyer" and in 2004 with the specialty "Estimator" from the "Construction and Appraisal" Academy.
Career began in 1987 in Torgai city as master, senior engineer at JSC "Turgai-selkhozvodoprovod" Between 1988 and 1993, he was the head of the Ornek rural club, the head of the Komsomol organization in 1993-1997. In 1999 - 2000, he was a chief specialist in Zhambyl region administration, 2000-2005 he was the director of Almaty region branch of RGP "State construction license".
In 2005 - 2009, he worked as the deputy akim of Karatal district of Almaty region, in 2009 - 2015, the head of the State Architecture - Construction Control Department of the Construction Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the head of the State Architecture - Construction Control Department of Astana. In 2015-2018, Almaty He was the akim of the Karatal district of the region, the head of the land administration of the Almaty region, the deputy chairman of the city branch of the Nur Otan party.
### Books
* Song collection "Longing for Father";
* "Blessed Union" book.
### Family
Father of two daughters, two sons.
### Award
* Order of "Honor";
* Honored Builder of the Republic of Kazakhstan;
* Member of the Union of Architects of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Union of City Builders;
* Honored citizen of Karatal district,
* Diploma oath of the XII World Festival of Youth and Students held in Moscow;
* Winner of "Sawap" of the republican headquarters of the veterans of the Afghan war and several jubilee medals related to the Constitution and Independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan;
* The first President of the Republic of Kazakhstan - was awarded with the letter of thanks of the Head of State and the "Certificate of Honor" of the mayor of Almaty region for the 5th time.
## Source |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741475 | Nurlan Temirbekov | Nurlan Mukhanuly Temirbekov (born on August 20, 1960 in Lugovoi station, Turar Ryskulov district, Zhambyl region. Doctor of physics and mathematics, professor. Corresponding member of the National Academy of Sciences of the RK. Academician of the National Engineering Academy of the RK.
# # Biography
Temirbekov Nurlan Mukanuly was born in a family of railway workers in Zhambyl region on August 20.
His grandmother, father and mother were simple, hardworking people. They laid the foundation for their children's future worldview with their loyalty to work.
Temirbekov Nurlan Mukanuly graduated from the Almaty Republican School of Physics and Mathematics and entered the Faculty of Mechanics and Applied Mathematics of KazNU in the same year. He studied well and was active, participated in the work of the youth organization (Komsomol) from 1982 to 1986. From the first day of teaching activity, he showed his excellent knowledge in the field of mathematics and mechanics, so in December 1984 in Almaty. S.M. He was transferred as a researcher-intern at the KazNU named after Kirov. In 1986, he entered the full-time postgraduate course of this university. In the department of applied analysis, well-known Kazakh mathematicians Sh. Smagulov and N.T. Danaev conducted scientific research in the field of computational mathematics and computational aerohydrodynamics. New scientific results were obtained on approximate solution of Navier-Stokes equations in natural variables and arbitrary curvilinear coordinates. For nonlinear Navier-Stokes equations, the lemma on the properties of the differential analog of nonlinear terms and theorems on the stability and convergence of differential schemes are proved. In 1990, he defended his thesis to obtain the scientific degree of candidate of physical and mathematical sciences. He defended his doctoral thesis in 2001.
Two monographs and more than 100 scientific articles were published based on the results of scientific research.
N.M. Temirbekov's main field of scientific activity is numerical solution of Navier-Stokes equations. Effective algorithms for computer simulation of hydrodynamics
problems in complex fields were proposed. A geo-information system (GIS) was created to assess the impact of anthropogenic sources of pollution on the air quality of an industrial city. The author of the automated information system for the organization of the credit training system in universities.
From 1986 to 2002, he studied full-time postgraduate and doctoral studies, worked as an assistant, senior lecturer, associate professor, deputy dean of the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics
of Al-Farabi KazNU. Conducted training sessions at a high scientific-methodological level, supervised diploma theses and post-graduate theses. N.M. Under the leadership of Temirbekov, 10 candidate and PhD theses were defended.
From January 2002 to 2006 S. He worked as vice-rector for educational and methodological work, vice-rector for scientific work and new
technologies of Amanzholov State University. During that time, new teaching-scientific-research laboratories were created, master's and postgraduate courses were opened in "mathematics" and "application of computing techniques, mathematical modeling and use of mathematical methods in scientific research" specialties.
2004-2005 According to the results of the republican competition, scientists and specialists who made a great contribution to the development of science and technology were awarded the State
scientific scholarship of the Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
From 2006 to 2008, he worked as the Vice-Rector for Science and International Cooperation of the State Technical University of Ukraine.
Actively participated in the creation of the "Foundation" laboratory of engineering design, the opening of the first dissertation council in Kazakhstan on the defense of candidate theses in the specialty "Information systems" together with the scientists of the Institute of Computing Technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
In 2008, he moved to the city of Almaty, and until 2010, he worked as the dean of the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics of KazNU named after Al-Farabi, and as the
vice-rector for scientific work. He made a significant contribution to the development of the faculty of mechanics and mathematics and research institutes of the university. He organized the III Congress of the World Mathematical Society of Turkic-speaking countries in Almaty.
From November 2010 to 2015, he worked as the rector of D. Serikbaev State Technical University.
in the position of the rector of D. Serikbayev State Technical University, he contributed to the improvement of the quality of the educational process, research activity, educational work and international
cooperation in the university. The university actively developed multilingual education of students, academic mobility of students and teachers. In recent years, N.M. Under the leadership of Temirbekov, new specializations of master's degree and PhD doctorate were opened, programs "attracting foreign scientists and consultants to the leading higher educational institutions of Kazakhstan" started in 2011 were successfully implemented. Within this program, 197 professors from 12 countries of the world came to the university.
In 2014, the higher education institution underwent institutional accreditation at the Independent Accreditation and Rating Agency (ARTA). 13 educational programs have passed the international specialized accreditation of ASIIN (Germany). 2014 According to the results of national ratings, ShKMTU took the leading place and entered the top 30 universities of Kazakhstan. Since the middle of 2014, the university has been a participant in the project on the development and implementation of a unified program of reconstruction in the system of higher and post-higher education within the framework of training specialists for GPIIR-2. In the framework of this project, the ShKMTU was prepared on the educational programs of metallurgy, mining, mechanical engineering.
N.M. During Temirbekov's tenure as rector, the number of scientific grants, the amount of basic and programmatic funding of scientific research
increased significantly. D. in 2009-2013. According to the number of publications of the Serikbayev State Technical University of Kazakhstan, the WEB of Science took 12th place among the 32 leading universities of Kazakhstan (52 articles as of 05/13/2014). The university actively participated in international scientific and educational programs, projects and grants. ShKMTU N.M. Temirbekov was a member of five European TEMPUS and one Erasmus Mundus project consortia during his leadership.
N.M. Temirbekov fully supported all initiatives of young students. For the first time, the student team of SKMTU won the national championship among the participants of the Enactus Kazakhstan competition and defended the honor of the republic in Cancun, Mexico. . Students of D. Serikbaev State Technical University of Semipalatinsk took 1st place in "Student spring" among higher education institutions of the region, for many years they won prizes at summer and winter Universiades. In recent years, the material and technical base of the university has improved significantly. In 2014, a high-precision positional Kawasaki industrial robot was installed in the Yrgetas engineering laboratory, which contributed to the automated technology of radiation modification of materials. In January 2015, a mobile complex for reprocessing of mineral and man-made raw materials without reagents was installed.
According to the approved schedule, university rector N.M. Temirbekov completed the construction of a 500-bed dormitory for students, master's students
and PhD students near the student town in Uskemen.
University experience includes scientific council, board of trustees, rectorate, etc. introduced the principle of corporate management
in the university through the functioning of collegial bodies. Thus, the corporate management of the university was improved, and the educational and scientific-innovative infrastructure was improved.
In July 2014, N.M. Temirbekov passed the training course for heads (top managers) of higher educational institutions at the School of Higher Education of Nazarbayev University, Foundation for Leadership in Higher Education
(UK) and Berkeley Institute of Higher Education of the University of California.
For his long-term contribution to the development of education and science, fruitful social and political work, he was awarded with awards and certificates of honor of the Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the diploma of the Akim of SKO
"the best rector-leader who supports all initiatives of student youth".
Nurlan Mukhanuly was a member of the working group of the State Scientific and Technical Committee under the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan, a member of the Scientific and Technical Council of the National Space Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan
"Kazgarysh".
Performed great social and political works. Chairman of the Board of Rectors of the Eastern Region of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Member of the Board of Directors of the Joint-Stock Company "Regional
State-Private Partnership Center of the East Kazakhstan Region", Member of the Board of Directors of the National Company Joint-Stock Company of the Social Entrepreneurship Corporation "Irtys", World Director of Turkic-speaking Countries was a member of the board of the Mathematical Society, a deputy of the maslikhat of the East Kazakhstan region and the chairman of the standing commission of the regional maslikhat on budget, economic reforms and regional development issues. He was a member of the political council of the East Kazakhstan regional branch of the "Nur Otan" party.
In 2011, N.M. Temirbekov participated in the presidential election as the deputy chairman of the headquarters of the Nur Otan party in Ust-Kamenogorsk, in 2015, as the deputy chairman of the regional headquarters of the Nur Otan party, he actively worked in the pre-election campaign for the election of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
From February 2016 to October 2018, he worked as the rector of the Kazakhstan Engineering and Technology University. In 2016,
university passed institutional and specialized accreditation under the leadership of the rector. Scientific council, supervisory board, rectorate, etc. are included in the university experience. b. introduced the principle of corporate governance in the university through the functioning of collegial bodies. First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan N.A. As part of Nazarbayev's appeal "Five social initiatives of the President" in 2018, a 200-bed dormitory was built for KazITU students in Almaty.
has been working as the vice president of the National Academy of Engineering since December 2018. Temirbekov N.M. During his years of service, he showed himself as a creative leader. He is doing great work to become a "bridge" between science and practice, which is the main goal of the academy, to systematically support the development and implementation of scientific achievements in production, to directly participate in the formation and implementation of the country's scientific and technological policy. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741484 | State list of historical and cultural monuments of local significance of Karaganda region | The state list of historical and cultural monuments of local significance of the Karaganda region was approved by the resolution No. 73/01 of the administration of the Karaganda region dated November 17, 2020.
## Abay district
## Aktogai district
## Bukar Zhyrau district
# # Karkaraly district
## Nura district
## Osakarov district
## Shet district
\< > ## Balkhash city
## Karaganda city
## Saran city
## Temirtau city
## Shakhtinsk city
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741585 | Бақаты | Bakaty is a river in Kazakhstan. It flows through the territory of Zhambyl region, Zhualy district. The left tributary of Teris River.
## Description
It originates from the Konyrtobe ridge in the west of Karatau and flows into the Teris-Ashchybulak reservoir.
until the Shymkent - Taraz highway, it flows into two parts: Bolshoi Bakaty and Kishi Bakaty. The channel is not always overflowing, and in the dry years, the water is completely reduced.
It is filled with snow and rain water, underground springs. There are several grazing areas on the shore.
River water is used for livestock and agriculture. There are dams along the river.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741634 | Maxillary jugular vein | Maxillary artery is a jugular vein that supplies blood to the deep structures of the face. It branches from the external carotid vein and goes deep to the mandibular neck. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741674 | Dani Carvajal | Daniel "Dani" Carvajal (born Daniel Carvajal Ramos, January 11, 1992, Leganes) is a Spanish soccer player, right wing defender of the Real Madrid club and the Spain national team.
## Career
### Real Madrid Castilla
Daniel entered the Real Madrid team system at the age of 10. In 2010, Daniel completed his double with the Castilla team. Daniel was considered one of the main players of the Castilla team as a result of the end of the season.
### Bayer 04
In the summer of 2012, Daniel's move to Bayer 04 was announced. Carvajal was named the best player of the Bundesliga national team.
### Real Madrid
On June 3, 2013, Carvajal's return to Real Madrid was announced. He scored his first goal in a match against Rayo Vallecano (5 - 0).
### Spanish national team
Daniel won the 2011 European Championship in Romania with the Spanish national team. This opportunity for Daniel was later fulfilled again in the land of Israel.
## Achievements
* Segunda B winner
* European Championship 2011 (under 19) winner.
* Winner of the European Championship 2013 (under 21 years).
* Spanish Champion (2): 2016/17, 2019/20
* Spanish Cup: 2013/14
* Champions League (4): 2013/14, 2015/16, 2016/17, 2017 /18
* UEFA Super Cup (3): 2014, 2016, 2017
* Club World Cup (4): 2014, 2016, 2017, 2018
* Spanish Super Cup (2): 2017, 2019/20
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741682 | Janggar (shop) | TSUM (Central Department Store) is a shopping center in the center of Almaty, located at the corner of Abylai Khan Avenue and Zhibek Zholy Street, address: Abylai Khan, 62 house. In 1961, the center was opened as a department store. Later, "Zangar" was rebuilt as a shopping center. Since 1994, it has been called "Zangar" joint-stock company. Trade area is 10128 m², the volume of auxiliary rooms. 5830 m². There are 5 consumer complexes located on 3 floors. The store provides additional services to buyers, sells sewing products, and formalizes goods on loan. Sales exhibitions of clothing, footwear, headwear models are held to study the purchase demand. The store is equipped with modern technology equipment.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741681 | Arbat (Almaty) | Arbat is a pedestrian zone in the city of Almaty, Kazakhstan. It is located between Abylay Khan and Nazarbayev avenues along Zhibek zholy street. There are many shops in the area, such as the TSUM shopping center and kiosks.
## History
Established in the late 1980s, Arbat was the first street in Almaty to become a pedestrian zone. The name comes from Arbat Street in Moscow. The area was reconstructed in 2017, now has fountains and intersects with Panfilov Street. It is planned to expand the pedestrian zone to Seifullin Avenue.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741562 | Academy Award | "Oscar" (English: Oscar) is an annual award given by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences of the United States. This is the most famous US film award. The Oscar ceremony will be broadcast live in dozens of countries around the world. It can even be said that "Oscar" has some kind of cult. Unlike other film festivals, "Oscar" is awarded not by the decision of the jury, but by the results of the general vote of the members of the Academy. "Oscar" is the most important and prestigious film award in the world.
## History of the "Oscar" award
The "Oscar" award was presented for the first time in 1929. Until 1976, the live broadcast of the ceremony was carried out by the "NBC" channel, since then this right belongs to the "ABC" channel. The most recent ceremony, the estimated 80th, was held on Sunday, February 24, 2008 at the Kodak Theater in Hollywood. As of early 2007, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences consists of 5,830 voting members divided into 16 divisions. The acting field is the most dominant (with 1251 voting participants). Each industry votes in its own category (actors choose best actor, best actress, etc.). Special panels outside the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to determine the winners for Best Documentary, Best Foreign Language Film, Best Makeup, Best Short Film, Best Sound Editing and Best Special Effects is created. All members of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences vote for only one category - "best picture". "Oscar" nominations
* Best Picture - Since 1928
* Best Actor - Since 1928
* Best Actress - Since 1928
* Best Supporting Actor - Since 1936
* Best Supporting Actress - 1936 since
* Best animated feature film - since 2001
* Best art director's work - since 1928
* Best cinematography - since 1928
* Best costume design - since 1948 \ <> * Best Director - Since 1928
* Best Feature Documentary
* Best Short Documentary
* Best Editing - Since 1935
* Best Foreign Language Film - Since 1947
* Best Makeup - Since 1981
* Best Music - Since 1934
* Best Song - Since 1934
* Best Animated Short Film - Since 1931
* Best Short Feature
* Best Sound - since 1930 (3rd to 41st awards were awarded to studios from 1930-1968, since 1969 went to recording artists)
* Best Sound Editing - since 1963
* Best Visual Effects - since 1939
* Best screenplay-adaptation - since 1928
* Best original screenplay - since 1940
### Special nominations
In addition to the main nominations, "Oscar" also submitted in special nominations. Their winners are determined by a specially created committee of the Academy and handed over outside the main ceremony. At the moment, there are 4 such nominations:
* Irving Thalberg Award for the contribution to the development of film production,
* Gene Hersholt Humanitarian Award for humanitarian achievements,
* Contribution to the development of cinematography and pre-Academy honorary "Oscar" awarded for service,
* "Oscar" awarded for scientific and technical achievements and feature films made by students of film universities of the USA.
### Obsolete nominations
In the first years of "Oscar", directors were awarded in two categories - the best director of a drama and the best director of a comedy. Similarly, the work of musicians was divided into "easy" and "complex". From the 1930s to the 1960s, awards for best film, best artist, and costume design were awarded separately to black-and-white and color films. In addition, in some years there were the following nominations: Best Comedic Director - 1933 to 1937 Best Choreography - 1935 to 1937 Best Technical Effects - 1928 Best Music - Adaptation or Arrangement Best Short Color Film - 1936-1937 Best Short Two Reels - up to 1936-year-up to 1956 - up to 1932 - up to 1932-up to 1932 - by 1928 - the best unique and artistic quality of the youth of 1928 - 1928 - from 1934 to 1960 \ <> \ >
## Films presented on behalf of Kazakhstan
Only one Kazakh film ("Mongol") was nominated for the award. Two films ("The Bride" and "Aika") entered the short list of nine films (Short-list), but did not reach the final nomination.
## Interesting facts
Height 34 cm, weight 3.85 kg The Oscar statuette rests on a plinth made of gold-plated Britannia and black marble. It depicts a hero with a sword standing on a reel of tape. According to legend, Cedric Gibbons, who invented the image of "Oscar", sketched it in a notebook during a tumultuous meeting. The academy includes more than 6,000 people. The length of the red carpet is about 150 meters, and the width is 10 meters. It consists of several packages of 135 kg each, and its total weight is 5 tons. The carpet is delivered to the cinema 4 days before the ceremony by two large trucks. It takes 2 days and 21 people to join all the parts of the carpet, cover the intersections, and lay it flat. After the beginning of the ceremony, they begin to collect the carpet. It will take 4 hours. Large "Oscar" statues with a height of 2.5 to 8 m and a weight of 550 kg are made from fiberglass, which are placed along the edges of carpets. Then thin aluminum films are glued and painted with yellow paint. They are not painted gold to save money: a special yellow paint looks better than gold in the soffit light. In order for the stars not to lose their seats, plaques with their pictures and names are placed on the chairs. Actors who appear together in the film are seated next to each other, and their family status is taken into account: spouses or lovers are also present. Stars are also strictly checked. First, the police check the limousines in which the stars arrived, then at the entrance to the red carpet, they show invitation cards and pass through the metal detector. Currently, the process of counting the votes given to the nominees is carried out by specialists of the audit company "Pricewaterhouse".
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741684 | Astana square | Astana Square is located in Tole Bi Street, Almaly District, Almaty. It is the second largest square in Kazakhstan after Republic Square. Many public events, concerts and ceremonies are held there. The square is located in front of the Kazakhstan-British Technical University, the monument to Aliya Moldagulova and Manshuk Mametova, and on the left side of Panfilov Street. The square was previously named after Vladimir Lenin. His statue stood in the middle of the square until 1991.
## History
In 1921, this area was called Red Square. After the Soviet government demolished the buildings of the imperial era, new government buildings were erected on the square. In 1937, the first stone was laid on the square. In 1955, the administrative building of Kaztutynuodag was built at the corner of Panfilov Street. On November 7, 1957, on the day of the October Revolution, a monument to the Soviet statesman Vladimir Lenin was erected. In the same year, the construction of a new building of the government of the Kazakh SSR was completed, which is the current building of KBTU. In addition, the square was changed to Lenin Square.
After Brezhnev Square was opened in the city in 1980, this area was called "Old Square". In 1987, on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the October Revolution, a memorial complex "Alley of Busts" was created on the square. The Lenin monument was moved to another place in 1991. In 1997, the square was renamed in honor of the newly created capital of Kazakhstan, Astana. In September 2017, the reconstruction of the site was completed, which resulted in the reduction of lanes and the creation of bike lanes.
Site restoration works were completed in September 2017. The lanes of the carriageway have been shortened, and pedestrians with traffic flows have been separated by columns. In the freed area, bicycle paths and granite paving stones were laid, landscaping with turf and lavender was carried out. The staircase esplanade has been renovated to include an outdoor amphitheater, in front of which are two dry fountains illuminated at night.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741553 | Common carotid artery | Left and right Common carotid arteries (sometimes Carotids, English. common carotid arteries (carotids)) are carotid arteries that supply the head and neck with oxygenated blood, they divide in the neck to form the External carotid artery and the Internal carotid artery.
## Structure
Common carotid arteries are located on the left and right sides of the body. These jugular veins arise from different jugular veins and flow in a symmetrical channel. The right common carotid arises from the brachiocephalic trunk of the neck; The left common carotid arises from the aortic arch in the chest cavity. At the upper border of the thyroid cartilage, near the fourth cervical vertebra, they divide into the external carotid artery and the internal carotid artery.
The left common carotid artery can be considered to consist of two parts: the thoracic part and the cervical part. The right common carotid arises from the neck, or is located near the neck, and only a small part of it is in the chest. In the bioengineering literature, there are studies describing the geometrical structure of the common carotid vein qualitatively and mathematically (quantitatively).
The average diameter of the common carotids in adult males and females is 6.5mm and 6.1mm, respectively..
## In the chest
Only the left common carotid artery is in the chest will be quite large. It starts directly from the arch of the aorta, crosses the upper middle chest (mediastinum) and goes to the left sternoclavicular joint.
When the left common carotid vein passes through the sternum, it connects with the following structures: anteriorly, it is the sternohyoid muscle, the sternothyroid muscle, the left pleural cavity and the anterior part of the lung, the left brachiocephalic vein and separated from the sternum through the remnants of the thymus; posteriorly, it lies above the larynx, esophagus, left axillary nerve, and thoracic duct.
On its right side: the shoulder-head trunk, above it is the larynx, the lower thyroid veins and the remnants of the thyroid gland; on its left side: left vagus nerve and phrenic nerve, left alveolar sac and lung. The left subclavian artery is behind it, slightly to the side.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741257 | Nurlan Mukhanuly Temirbekov | Nurlan Mukhanuly Temirbekov (born on August 20, 1960 in Lugovoi station, Turar Ryskulov district, Zhambyl region. Doctor of physics and mathematics, professor. Corresponding member of the National Academy of Sciences of the RK. Academician of the National Engineering Academy of the RK.
# # Biography
Temirbekov Nurlan Mukanuly was born in a family of railway workers in Zhambyl region on August 20.
His grandmother, father and mother were simple, hardworking people. They laid the foundation for their children's future worldview with their loyalty to work.
Temirbekov Nurlan Mukanuly graduated from the Almaty Republican School of Physics and Mathematics and entered the Faculty of Mechanics and Applied Mathematics of KazNU in the same year. He studied well and was active, participated in the work of the youth organization (Komsomol) from 1982 to 1986. From the first day of teaching activity, he showed his excellent knowledge in the field of mathematics and mechanics, so in December 1984 in Almaty. S.M. He was transferred as a researcher-intern at the KazNU named after Kirov. In 1986, he entered the full-time postgraduate course of this university. In the department of applied analysis, well-known Kazakh mathematicians Sh. Smagulov and N.T. Danaev conducted scientific research in the field of computational mathematics and computational aerohydrodynamics. New scientific results were obtained on approximate solution of Navier-Stokes equations in natural variables and arbitrary curvilinear coordinates. For nonlinear Navier-Stokes equations, the lemma on the properties of the differential analog of nonlinear terms and theorems on the stability and convergence of differential schemes are proved. In 1990, he defended his thesis to obtain the scientific degree of candidate of physical and mathematical sciences. He defended his doctoral thesis in 2001.
Two monographs and more than 100 scientific articles were published based on the results of scientific research.
N.M. Temirbekov's main field of scientific activity is numerical solution of Navier-Stokes equations. Effective algorithms for computer simulation of hydrodynamics
problems in complex fields were proposed. A geo-information system (GIS) was created to assess the impact of anthropogenic sources of pollution on the air quality of an industrial city. The author of the automated information system for the organization of the credit training system in universities.
From 1986 to 2002, he studied full-time postgraduate and doctoral studies, worked as an assistant, senior lecturer, associate professor, deputy dean of the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics
of Al-Farabi KazNU. Conducted training sessions at a high scientific-methodological level, supervised diploma theses and post-graduate theses. N.M. Under the leadership of Temirbekov, 10 candidate and PhD theses were defended.
From January 2002 to 2006 S. He worked as vice-rector for educational and methodological work, vice-rector for scientific work and new
technologies of Amanzholov State University. During that time, new teaching-scientific-research laboratories were created, master's and postgraduate courses were opened in "mathematics" and "application of computing techniques, mathematical modeling and use of mathematical methods in scientific research" specialties.
2004-2005 According to the results of the republican competition, scientists and specialists who made a great contribution to the development of science and technology were awarded the State
scientific scholarship of the Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
From 2006 to 2008, he worked as the Vice-Rector for Science and International Cooperation of the State Technical University of Ukraine.
Actively participated in the creation of the "Foundation" laboratory of engineering design, the opening of the first dissertation council in Kazakhstan on the defense of candidate theses in the specialty "Information systems" together with the scientists of the Institute of Computing Technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
In 2008, he moved to the city of Almaty, and until 2010, he worked as the dean of the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics of KazNU named after Al-Farabi, and as the
vice-rector for scientific work. He made a significant contribution to the development of the faculty of mechanics and mathematics and research institutes of the university. He organized the III Congress of the World Mathematical Society of Turkic-speaking countries in Almaty.
From November 2010 to 2015, he worked as the rector of D. Serikbaev State Technical University.
in the position of the rector of D. Serikbayev State Technical University, he contributed to the improvement of the quality of the educational process, research activity, educational work and international
cooperation in the university. The university actively developed multilingual education of students, academic mobility of students and teachers. In recent years, N.M. Under the leadership of Temirbekov, new specializations of master's degree and PhD doctorate were opened, programs "attracting foreign scientists and consultants to the leading higher educational institutions of Kazakhstan" started in 2011 were successfully implemented. Within this program, 197 professors from 12 countries of the world came to the university.
In 2014, the higher education institution underwent institutional accreditation at the Independent Accreditation and Rating Agency (ARTA). 13 educational programs have passed the international specialized accreditation of ASIIN (Germany). 2014 According to the results of national ratings, ShKMTU took the leading place and entered the top 30 universities of Kazakhstan. Since the middle of 2014, the university has been a participant in the project on the development and implementation of a unified program of reconstruction in the system of higher and post-higher education within the framework of training specialists for GPIIR-2. In the framework of this project, the ShKMTU was prepared on the educational programs of metallurgy, mining, mechanical engineering.
N.M. During Temirbekov's tenure as rector, the number of scientific grants, the amount of basic and programmatic funding of scientific research
increased significantly. D. in 2009-2013. According to the number of publications of the Serikbayev State Technical University of Kazakhstan, the WEB of Science took 12th place among the 32 leading universities of Kazakhstan (52 articles as of 05/13/2014). The university actively participated in international scientific and educational programs, projects and grants. ShKMTU N.M. Temirbekov was a member of five European TEMPUS and one Erasmus Mundus project consortia during his leadership.
N.M. Temirbekov fully supported all initiatives of young students. For the first time, the student team of SKMTU won the national championship among the participants of the Enactus Kazakhstan competition and defended the honor of the republic in Cancun, Mexico. . Students of D. Serikbaev State Technical University of Semipalatinsk took 1st place in "Student spring" among higher education institutions of the region, for many years they won prizes at summer and winter Universiades. In recent years, the material and technical base of the university has improved significantly. In 2014, a high-precision positional Kawasaki industrial robot was installed in the Yrgetas engineering laboratory, which contributed to the automated technology of radiation modification of materials. In January 2015, a mobile complex for reprocessing of mineral and man-made raw materials without reagents was installed.
According to the approved schedule, university rector N.M. Temirbekov completed the construction of a 500-bed dormitory for students, master's students
and PhD students near the student town in Uskemen.
University experience includes scientific council, board of trustees, rectorate, etc. introduced the principle of corporate management
in the university through the functioning of collegial bodies. Thus, the corporate management of the university was improved, and the educational and scientific-innovative infrastructure was improved.
In July 2014, N.M. Temirbekov passed the training course for heads (top managers) of higher educational institutions at the School of Higher Education of Nazarbayev University, Foundation for Leadership in Higher Education
(UK) and Berkeley Institute of Higher Education of the University of California.
For his long-term contribution to the development of education and science, fruitful social and political work, he was awarded with awards and certificates of honor of the Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the diploma of the Akim of SKO
"the best rector-leader who supports all initiatives of student youth".
Nurlan Mukhanuly was a member of the working group of the State Scientific and Technical Committee under the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan, a member of the Scientific and Technical Council of the National Space Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan
"Kazgarysh".
Performed great social and political works. Chairman of the Board of Rectors of the Eastern Region of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Member of the Board of Directors of the Joint-Stock Company "Regional
State-Private Partnership Center of the East Kazakhstan Region", Member of the Board of Directors of the National Company Joint-Stock Company of the Social Entrepreneurship Corporation "Irtys", World Director of Turkic-speaking Countries was a member of the board of the Mathematical Society, a deputy of the maslikhat of the East Kazakhstan region and the chairman of the standing commission of the regional maslikhat on budget, economic reforms and regional development issues. He was a member of the political council of the East Kazakhstan regional branch of the "Nur Otan" party.
In 2011, N.M. Temirbekov participated in the presidential election as the deputy chairman of the headquarters of the Nur Otan party in Ust-Kamenogorsk, in 2015, as the deputy chairman of the regional headquarters of the Nur Otan party, he actively worked in the pre-election campaign for the election of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
From February 2016 to October 2018, he worked as the rector of the Kazakhstan Engineering and Technology University. In 2016,
university passed institutional and specialized accreditation under the leadership of the rector. Scientific council, supervisory board, rectorate, etc. are included in the university experience. b. introduced the principle of corporate governance in the university through the functioning of collegial bodies. First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan N.A. As part of Nazarbayev's appeal "Five social initiatives of the President" in 2018, a 200-bed dormitory was built for KazITU students in Almaty.
has been working as the vice president of the National Academy of Engineering since December 2018. Temirbekov N.M. During his years of service, he showed himself as a creative leader. He is doing great work to become a "bridge" between science and practice, which is the main goal of the academy, to systematically support the development and implementation of scientific achievements in production, to directly participate in the formation and implementation of the country's scientific and technological policy. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741686 | Russian Geographical Society | ## Name
* Russian Geographical Society (1845—1850, 1917—1926)
* Imperial Russian Geographical Society (1850—1917)
* State Geographical Society (1926—1938)
* Geographical Society of the USSR (1938-1992)
* Since 1992 - again the Russian Geographical Society.
## History
On August 18, 1845, by order of Emperor Nicholas I, the Minister of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire, Count L. A. Perovsky's proposal to establish the Russian Geographical Society in St. Petersburg (later renamed the Imperial Russian Geographical Society) was accepted.
The founders of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society were admirals I. F. Kruzenshtern and P. I. Ricord, Vice-Admiral F. P. Litke, rear-admiral F. P. Wrangel, academicians K. I. Arsenyev, K. M. Baer, P. I. Köppen, V. Ya. Struve, military geographer, surveyor M. P. Vronchenko et al.
## The first Kazakh scientist to become a member of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society
On February 21, 1857, the Russian scientist P.P. On Semenov's proposal, Shokan Ualikhanov was accepted as a full member of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society.
## Name
* Russian Geographical Society (1845—1850, 1917—1926)
* Imperial Russian Geographical Society (1850—1917)
* State Geographical Society (1926—1938)
* Geographical Society of the USSR (1938—1992)
* Since 1992 — Russian Geographical Society again.
## History
On August 18, 1845, by order of Emperor Nicholas I, the Minister of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire, Count L. A. Perovsky's proposal to establish the Russian Geographical Society in St. Petersburg (later renamed the Imperial Russian Geographical Society) was accepted.
The founders of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society were admirals I. F. Kruzenshtern and P. I. Ricord, Vice-Admiral F. P. Litke, rear-admiral F. P. Wrangel, academicians K. I. Arsenyev, K. M. Baer, P. I. Köppen, V. Ya. Struve, military geographer, surveyor M. P. Vronchenko et al.
## The first Kazakh scientist to become a member of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society
On February 21, 1857, the Russian scientist P.P. On Semenov's proposal, Shokan Ualikhanov was accepted as a full member of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741755 | Lamin Yamal | Lamine Yamal Nasraoui Ebana (born Lamine Yamal Nasraoui Ebana; July 13, 2007(20070713), Espluges de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain) is a Spanish football player, a midfielder for the Spanish national football team and FC Barcelona. He is recognized as one of the most promising football players of his generation. Lamin Yamal was born on July 13, 2007 in Espluges de Llobregatta, Catalonia, to Sheila Eban, a waitress from Equatorial Guinea, and Munir Nasroui, a Moroccan construction painter.
## Career
### Club career
In April 2023, Lamin made his club debut in a match against Atletico in La Liga, but that did not go to the field in the match. He played his first game in La Liga on April 29, 2023 against Real Betis. Lamin, who replaced Gavi in the 83rd minute of that game, became not only the fifth-youngest player in La Liga history, but also the youngest (15 years, 9 months and 16 days) to play for Barcelona's first team since 15-year-old Armando Sagi in 1922, more than a century ago. . On August 20, 2023, in the Spanish championship against Cadiz, he joined the main team of Barcelona for the first time and became the youngest player (16 years and 38 days) to start the game in La Liga of the 21st century.
On October 2, 2023, Lamin Yamal extended his contract with Barcelona until June 30, 2026.
### National Team Career
Lamine played for the Spain Under-15, Under-16, Under-17 and Under-19 teams.
On September 8, 2023, Lamin Yamal became the youngest football player in the history of his team, playing his first game in the main team of the Spanish national team against the Georgian national team at the age of 16 years and 57 days in the match of Group A of the 2024 European Championship qualifying tournament.
In the summer of 2024, Lamin Yamal was invited to the Spanish national team to participate in the Euro-2024 matches. On June 15, 2024, in a match against Croatia in Group B, he became the youngest player in the history of the European Championships, appearing in the first team at the age of 16 years and 338 days.
## Stats
### Club Career
As of May 26, 2024
### Games and goals for the national team
as of July 9, 2024
Total: 13 matches / 3 goals; 11 wins, 1 draw, 1 loss.
## Achievements
### Team
"Barcelona"
* Champion of Spain: 2022/23
### Individual
* The best scorer of the U-17 European Championship: 2023
* The best young player of the season in La Liga: 2023/24
* The best player of the year according to "Globe Soccer Awards" young player: 2024
* Author of the best goal of the month in La Liga: March 2024
* Best young player of the month in La Liga: August 2023
### Records
* in the history of the Spanish national team youngest goalscorer: 16 years and 57 days
* Youngest debutant in the history of the Spanish national team: 16 years and 57 days
* Youngest player in the starting line-up of the Spanish national team: 16 years and 62 days
* Youngest goalscorer in the history of the Spanish Championship: 16 years and 87 days
* Youngest player to play in El Clasico: 16 years and 107 days
* Youngest player in the history of the European Championship: 16 years and 338 days
* Youngest goalscorer in European Championship history: 16 years and 362 days
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741762 | Circle of Willis | The circle of Willis (also called circle of Willis, loop of Willis, cerebral arterial circle, and polygon of Willis) is a vascular anastomosis that supplies blood to the brain and surrounding structures in reptiles, birds, and mammals, including humans. It is named after the English physician Thomas Willis (1621–1675).
## Structure
The circle of Willis is part of the cerebral circulation and consists of the following arteries:
* Anterior cerebral artery (left and right), at the level of the A1 segment
* Anterior connecting artery
* Internal carotid artery (left and right) at its distal end (carotid end)
* Posterior cerebral artery (left and right), at the level of P1 segment
* Posterior connecting artery (left and right )
The middle cerebral arteries that carry blood to the brain are not included in the circle of Willis.
### Origin of Arteries
The right and left posterior cerebral arteries arise from the basilar artery, which originates from the left and right vertebral arteries. Vertebral arteries originate from subclavian arteries.
The posterior connecting artery is a branch that branches off just before the internal carotid artery divides into the anterior and middle cerebral arteries (end branches of the internal UA). The anterior cerebral artery forms the anterolateral part of the circle of Willis, while the middle cerebral artery does not enter the circle.
The anterior connecting artery connects the two anterior cerebral arteries, so it can be said that it originates from either the left or the right side.
All arteries entering the circle give cortical and central branches. The central branches supply blood to the inner part of the circle of Willis, namely to the interpedicular fossa. Cortical branches, as the name suggests, carry blood to the cortex and do not directly affect the circle of Willis.
### Variants
There is considerable anatomical variation in the circle of Willis, with the classic anatomy seen in only about one-third of individuals. In one common variation, the proximal part of the posterior cerebral artery is narrow and the ipsilateral posterior connecting artery is wide, so that the internal carotid artery supplies blood to the hindbrain; this is known as the posterior connecting cerebral artery of the fetus. In another version, the anterior connecting artery becomes large, and one internal carotid artery flows into two anterior cerebral arteries; this is called the unpaired anterior cerebral artery.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741495 | Keir Starmer | Sir Keir Rodney Starmer (English. Sir Keir Rodney Starmer; 2 September 1962, London) is a British politician, barrister and lawyer, serving as the Prime Minister of Great Britain since July 2024, and the leader of the Labor Party since April 2020.
In addition, Keir Starmer is an elected member of the House of Commons for Holborn and St Pancras, in office since May 2015. Starmer previously served as Leader of the Parliamentary Opposition (2020–2024).
Ideologically, Starmer, who calls himself a progressive socialist, is a native of London. Raised in Surrey, he joined the youth wing of the Labor Party at the age of 16. He holds BAs in Law from the University of Leeds and BAs in Civil Law from St Edmund's Hall, Oxford University, and has spent his legal career mainly in criminal defense, specializing in human rights. He served as Human Rights Adviser to the Policing Board of Northern Ireland and was appointed Counselor to Elizabeth II in 2002; His experience as a police officer in Northern Ireland influenced his decision to enter politics.
Starmer was elected to the House of Commons in the 2015 general election. He supported his unsuccessful campaign against Brexit in the 2016 EU membership referendum. He was appointed to Jeremy Corbyn's shadow cabinet and supported the proposed second Brexit referendum. Corbyn resigned after Labour's defeat in the 2019 general election, and Starmer won the 2020 election on a left-wing platform, becoming the party's new leader. As Leader of the Opposition, Starmer moved the party towards the political center and contributed to the elimination of anti-Semitism in the party. He led Labor to victory in the 2023 and 2024 local elections.
In July 2024, Starmer led the Labor Party to victory in the 2024 general election, ending fourteen years of Conservative government, and Labor became the party with the largest number of seats in the House of Commons. He succeeded Rishi Sunak as Prime Minister on 5 July, becoming Britain's first Labor head of government since Gordon Brown. On foreign policy, Starmer supported Israel in its war against Hamas and Ukraine in its war with Russia, while demanding an immediate ceasefire in the Gaza Strip.
## Youth and education
Cyrus Rodney Starmer was born on September 2, 1962, in London. The second of four children, he was raised in Surrey. His parents were Josephine, a nurse, and Rodney Starmer, a carpenter. Josephine Starmer had Still's syndrome. Keir Starmer's parents were supporters of the Labor Party, and according to some sources, they named Keir Starmer after Keir Hardy, the party's first parliamentary leader, but in 2015, Keir Starmer said he was not sure if this information was true.
Starmer passed his main examination and entered Reigate Grammar School, then a voluntary selective grammar school. The school became an independent fee-paying school in 1976 (at which time Starmer was a pupil). Under the terms of the transfer, he can complete his studies without any other funding; the school offered Starmer a private scholarship. In his last two years at school, his chosen subjects were maths, music and physics, in which he achieved B, B and C grades between A and C respectively.
As a teenager, Starmer was active in Labor politics; At the age of 16, he became a member of the Young Socialists (the party's youth organization). He was a junior exhibitor at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama until he was 18 and played the flute, piano, recorder and violin. In the early 1980s, police caught Starmer illegally selling ice cream while trying to cash in on a holiday on the Golden Coast. In the end, Starmer went unpunished, only his ice creams were confiscated. Starmer studied law at the University of Leeds, became a member of the university's Labor Club and graduated in 1985 with first class honors and a BA, becoming the first person in his family to graduate. Starmer later received a postgraduate degree; In 1986, he graduated from St. Edmund's Hall, Oxford University, studying civil law. From 1986 to 1987, Starmer was the editor of the radical Trotskyist newspaper Socialist Alternatives.
## Legal career
Starmer became a barrister in 1987 and became a bencher in 2008. Until 1990, he worked as a legal officer of the Liberty campaign group. Starmer has been a member of Doughty Street Chambers since 1990, dealing mainly with human rights issues. During his tenure there, Starmer also met his future wife, Victoria Alexander.
Starmer was called several times to the Bar of Antilles States; where he worked as a defense attorney for criminals sentenced to death. On April 9, 2002, Starmer, aged 39, became a Crown attorney. In the same year, he was also appointed head of the Doty Street offices. In 2005, speaking about his appointment as a royal counsel, he said the decision was "strange" given his repeated calls for the abolition of the monarchy.
Starmer served as a human rights adviser to the Police Council of Northern Ireland and the Association of Chief Constables, and was a member of the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office's Death Penalty Advisory Group from 2002 to 2008. The Northern Ireland Council was an important part of bringing communities together after the Belfast Agreement, and Starmer later noted that policing in Northern Ireland was a major influence on his decision to pursue a political career.
From 2008 to 2013, he was the chief prosecutor of the Crown Prosecution Service.
## Early political career
### Member of Parliament
In December 2014, Frank Dobson, MP for Holborn and St Pancras, retired and , in the 2015 general election, Keir Starmer was elected to represent the constituency with a majority of 17,048 votes. He was subsequently re-elected in 2017 with 30,509 votes, 2019 with 27,763 votes, and again in 2024.
As a backbencher, Starmer supported the country's continued membership of the European Union in the 2016 referendum on Britain's membership of the European Union.
### Role in the Shadow Cabinet
Starmer was appointed to Labor leader Jeremy Corbyn's shadow cabinet as Shadow Immigration Minister. In June 2016, Starmer resigned amid mass protests against Corbyn's leadership. Following Corbyn's election as party leader in 2016, Starmer agreed to be appointed shadow minister for exiting the European Union in his shadow cabinet.
As shadow Brexit minister, Starmer has cast doubt on the existence of a plan for Britain's exit from the European Union, demanding that the official plan be made public. On 6 December 2016, then Prime Minister Theresa May announced that she would announce her Brexit plan, and observers saw the news as a victory for Starmer. Later, Starmer also supported the proposal to re-hold the referendum on leaving the European Union.
After Labour's defeat in the 2019 general election, Corbyn said he would not lead the party until the next election. Starmer began to distance himself from Corbyn's leadership and many of his election bills, saying in 2024 that he was "certain we will lose the 2019 election". On January 4, 2020, Starmer announced his candidacy for the next leadership election. His candidacy was supported by former Prime Minister Gordon Brown and London Mayor Sadiq Khan. Starmer was declared the winner of the leadership election on 4 April 2020, having received 56.2% of the total vote.
### Leader of the Opposition
Starmer, who was the leader of the opposition during the COVID-19 pandemic, said in his first speech as party leader that he would avoid "working for the benefit of the party" and work with the government "in the national interest said that it will work. He later became critical of the government's handling of the pandemic following the Partygate scandal, which arose out of Boris Johnson's partying during pandemic restrictions. In May 2022, Starmer said he would resign if he received a penalty notice for breaching COVID-19 regulations while campaigning in the run-up to last year's Hartlepool by-elections and local elections. On 30 April 2021, an event attended by Starmer and deputy Angela Rayner was charged with failing to comply with COVID-19 regulations. The scandal became known as Beergate, but the local police reported that the charges were false.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741803 | Pep Guardiola | Josep (Pep) Guardiola i Sala (cat. Josep Guardiola i Sala; January 18, 1971, Catalonia, Spain) is a Spanish football player and coach. A well-known person as a football player and coach of "Barcelona". Now he is the head coach of "Manchester City" club. He performed in the supporting midfielder position. He spent most of his career at Barcelona and was part of Johan Cruyff's 'Dream Team' that won their first European Cup in 1992 and four Spanish titles between 1991 and 1994. He subsequently captained the team from 1997 until he left the club in 2001. Then Guardiola played in the Italian "Brescia" and "Roma", Qatari "Al Ahli" and Mexican "Dorados de Sinaloa". In the Spanish national team, he played 47 times, took part in the 1994 World Cup, as well as Euro-2000. He also played in friendlies for the Catalan national team. As a player, Guardiola became a six-time champion of Spain, a two-time winner of the Spanish Cup, a four-time winner of the Spanish Super Cup, a winner of the European Champions Cup, a winner of the UEFA Cup and Super Cup, and an Olympic champion with the national team.
In 2007, he led the "Barcelona v" team and started his coaching career. In the first season, the club was promoted to the top of the fourth division and finished in third place [9]. From 2008[10] to 2012[11] Guardiola was the coach of the main team of "Catalans". In his first season as a first-team coach, he led Barcelona to the championship, the Copa del Rey and the UEFA Champions League, becoming the youngest coach to win the competition. In 2011, after Guardiola led the club to another La Liga and Champions League double, he was awarded the Gold Medal of the Catalan Parliament[12]. In 2009[13] and 2011[14], Guardiola was the best club coach in the world. During this time, under Josep's leadership, Barcelona won the Spanish Championship and the Super Cup three times, the Spanish Cup twice, 2 Champions Leagues, the UEFA Super Cup and the Club World Cup.
## Biography
He played for "Barcelona" for many years. He started his professional coaching career from the second team of this club and in 2008-12 coached the main club of "Barcelona" and won all the possible awards. Later he coached "Bayern" and "Manchester City" clubs.
The most successful coach in the history of "Barcelona". He is one of the six athletes in the world who won the UEFA Champions League both as a football player and as a coach.
He played for the national team for nine years and participated in the 1994, 1998 World Championships, 1996, 2000 European Championships.
## Achievements
### Player
in "Barcelona"
* Champion of Spain (6): 1990/ 91, 1991/92, 1992/93, 1993/94, 1997/98, 1998/99
* Spanish Cup (2): 1996/97, 1997/98
Spanish Super Cup (4): 1992, 1993, 1995, 1997
* UEFA Champions Cup: 1991/92
* Copa del Rey: 1996/97
* UEFA Super Cup (2): 1992, 1997 \ <> In the national team
* Olympic champion 1992
### Coach
as a coach of "Barcelona"
* Spanish champion(3): 2008/ 09, 2009/10, 2010/11
* Spanish Cup (2): 2008/09, 2011/12
* Spanish Super Cup (3): 2009, 2010, 2011
* UEFA Champions League (2 ): 2008/09, 2010/11
* UEFA Super Cup (2): 2009, 2011
* Club World Cup (2): 2009, 2011
as coach of "Bayern"
* German Champion (3): 2013/14, 2014/15, 2015/16
* German Cup (2): 2013/14, 2015/16
* UEFA Super Cup: 2013
* Club World Cup : 2013
as manager of Manchester City
* Football League Cup: 2017/18, 2018/19, 2019/20England Champion (2): 2017/18, 2018/19FA Cup: 2018/19Super Cup : 2018, 2019
* League of England (2): 2017/18, 2018/19
* FA Cup: 2018/19
* Super Cup: 2018, 2019
## Coaching statistics |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741841 | Central department store (Almaty) | TSUM (Central Department Store) is a shopping center in the center of Almaty, located at the corner of Abylai Khan Avenue and Zhibek Zholy Street, address: Abylai Khan, 62 house. In 1961, the center was opened as a department store. Later, "Zangar" was rebuilt as a shopping center. Since 1994, it has been called "Zangar" joint-stock company. Trade area is 10128 m², the volume of auxiliary rooms. 5830 m². There are 5 consumer complexes located on 3 floors. The store provides additional services to buyers, sells sewing products, and formalizes goods on loan. Sales exhibitions of clothing, footwear, headwear models are held to study the purchase demand. The store is equipped with modern technology equipment.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741614 | Махачкала | Makhachkala (Avar. MahIachkhaala, agul. Magyachkhaala, Darg. Myakhӏyachkhaala, kum. Mahachkhaala, lak. Mahӏachkhaala, Lezg. Maghyachkhaala, nog. Makhachkala, rut. Maghyachkhaala, tab. Myagyazhgala, az. Mahachqala, Tat. Makhachkhalak, sahur. Maghyachkala, KhӀinja-gӀala) is a city located in the south of Russia (Caucasus), on the shores of the Caspian Sea. The capital of the Republic of Dagestan. It is the third most populous city in the North Caucasus region and the largest city in the North Caucasus federal region.
forms the city district of Makhachkala. It is the core of the Makhachkala-Caspian agglomeration, home to about a million people.
## Etymology
The city was founded in 1844 as the Petrovsky fortress. According to legend, this place was a camp of the army of Peter I during the Persian campaign in 1722. In 1857, the city was named Petrovsk. From March to April 1918 and from November 1918 to March 1920 during the civil war, the city was under the control of the anti-Bolshevik forces and was named Shamilkala in honor of Imam Shamil. In 1922 it was renamed Makhachkala; the name is given in honor of Magomed Ali (Makhach) Dakhadaev (1882-1918), one of the organizers of the Soviet government in Dagestan. The name "Makhach" is a shortened form of the name "Magomed", and the word "city" comes from the word "city, fortress".
## History
### Early history
At one time, Huns, Persians, Arabs fought for possession of the "Dagestan Corridor". An important role in the history of the struggle for possession of this corridor was played by the city of Tarki, located near the modern Makhachkala. It was mentioned for the first time under the name "Targu" by the Armenian historian Levond in the 8th century.
Tarki has been known since the 15th century as a trade center through which the caravan route to Derbent, one of the oldest cities in the world, passed. Since the Middle Ages, the settlement has been known as Ynzhi (Kum. Inzhi, later Anzhi).
### As part of the Russian Empire
in 1844, the Petrovskoe fortress was built in the Ynzhiarka hills, it was named so in memory of the presence of Peter I in these places during the Persian campaign in 1722. In 1857, it received the status of a city and received the name Petrovsk.
In 1870, an artificial harbor and port were built.
In 1894-1896, the city was connected with Vladikavkaz and Baku by railway.
The first industrial enterprise of the city was a brewery built in 1876. In 1878, the first printing house started working. Later, two tobacco factories were built.
The rapid development of the city began at the end of the XIX century and the beginning of the XX century. The Rostov-Baku railway on the Don was built, along which train traffic was opened to Petrovsk-Port.
By 1897, the population of the city increased four times and exceeded 8.7 thousand people.
In 1900, the construction of the paper spinning factory of the largest enterprise in the city "Caspian Manufactory" joint-stock company (the factory named after the III International during the Soviet period) was completed.
In 1914, a small oil refinery was built. The population increased to over 24,000 people, and the city took first place among the cities of Dagestan in terms of population and economic importance. The city of Temirkhan Shora remained the administrative and political center of Dagestan region.
At the end of 1915, the Petrovsk — Temir Khan Shora railway line connecting the city with mountainous Dagestan was launched.
At the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, oil refining and barrel factories, paper spinning and tobacco factories, and railway workshops were built in Petrovsky.
There were only 4 streets in the city of Petrovsk - Baryatinsky (now Buinak); Privolnaya (now Daniyalov ← Markov ← Sadovaya ← Privolnaya); Sobor (now Mantashev ← Oskar ← Oktyabrskaya ← Sobor St.) and Inzhenernaya (now R. Ghamzatov ← V.I. Lenin ← Komsomolskaya ← Inzhenernaya). The streets in the central part were paved and lit with kerosene lamps. There were stone and brick houses where officials, officers and priests, wealthy citizens lived. On the main street - Baryatinsky - there was a 25-bed hotel "Gunib", several shops, a pharmacy, a cinema "Progress", and where the State Bank (Central Bank of the Russian Federation) now stands, a place for guests. The rest of the streets were impassable, covered with dust and mosquitoes in the summer. Only in 2004, a ditch was dug from the bathhouse located on Malygin 1 street, where the dirty water flows into the sea. Even the area near the cathedral, where the current Government House is located, was a rough and unwelcoming area. Although there was only one library with a collection of three thousand books in the city, there were more than twenty drinking places. The city was not covered with water, so people carried water in barrels.
After the October Revolution of 1917, during the years of the civil war, the city passed from hand to hand to the warring parties several times. On November 18, 1918, the head of the "white" city, Colonel Abdisalam Magometov, issued an order to change the name of the city to Shamilkala. In March 1920, the Soviet power was finally established in Petrovsk, and with it the historical name was returned to the city. .
On May 14, 1921, by order No. 59 of the Revolutionary Committee of Dagestan, the city of Petrovsk-Port was renamed Makhachkala in honor of Dagestan revolutionary Makhach Dakhadaev (1882-1918). On December 15, 1923, the Presidium of the UAC of the DAKSR declared Makhachkala the capital of the DAKSR.
In the middle of the 1930s, the village of Petrovsk-Kavkaz (now Makhachkala-1 compact district) was added to the city.
Resettlement of the Kumyk population and expansion of Makhachkala
On April 12, 1944, a decision was made to relocate the inhabitants of Tarky, Kakulay and Alburikent to the lands of exiled Chechens. Most of the freed land was allocated to Makhachkala City Council (6243 out of 8166 hectares), except for collectives of mountain regions and industrial enterprises of Makhachkala. After the Kumyk people returned in 1957, the lands of the collectives were not restored, their personal property was also lost, and many houses were occupied by people displaced from the mountainous regions. The historical monuments of the ancient city were destroyed, and part of the infrastructure of Makhachkala was covered with materials.
in the 30s and 80s
During the Soviet era, the capital of Dagestan developed rapidly, the population increased more than 10 times between 1930 and 1980, basic social infrastructure, modern education system and basic industries were created. The problem of water supply was solved, dozens of medical institutions, cultural institutions were built, higher and secondary educational institutions were opened. All peoples of Dagestan took part in forming the population of Makhachkala.
Until 1952, the temple of Alexander Nevsky stood near the Central Square of the city. The temple was glorified on August 30, 1891. In 1952, it suffered the same fate as many religious buildings in Soviet Russia — the temple was demolished. Currently, the building of the head and government of the Republic of Dagestan is located in its place.
During the Great Patriotic War, 5 people from Makhachkala received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
In the post-war 1950s-1970s, great changes took place in all spheres of city life. Already in 1969, there were 4 higher educational institutions in Makhachkala: Dagestan State University, agricultural (now Dagestan State Agricultural University), medical (now Dagestan State Medical University) and pedagogical (now Dagestan State Pedagogical University) institutes, 51 secondary schools , dozens of libraries with a total stock of more than 1.4 million books, more than 20 cinemas (many of which were reorganized later). Large industrial facilities, including M. Gadzhiev's "Mashinostroytelny" (now "Aviaagregat") factories, separator factory, "Dagelectromash", "Shin fiber", factory named after "Eltav", factories named after Krupsky, fish-canning factory named after Revolutionists, etc. <> In the late 1960s, it was planned to build a cable car (funicular) on the slopes of Tarkytau Mountain in Makhachkala, but later this project was curtailed.
During the earthquake of May 14, 1970, Makhachkala was badly damaged.
### The end of the 20th century
Due to the collapse of the USSR, the beginning of economic reforms and the transition to a market economy, the industry of Makhachkala, mainly focused on orders from the military-industrial complex, faced a difficult situation was. It turned out to be impossible to implement conversion programs.
In the 1990s, a period of prolonged industrial decline began. For example: until 1990, the glass fiber factory employed 3,800 people, now it employs less than 500 people. "Eltav", Priborostroitelnyj, Radiozavod, Dagelektromash factories, factories named after 3-International and named after Krupsky, fish-canning factory were completely destroyed and destroyed, and their territory was sold for construction. It's the same with other businesses. In the late 1990s, the situation began to improve. The beginning of the XXI century is characterized by significant positive changes in the production structure and the growth of the industrial potential of the city.
In 1998, Sait Amirov was appointed the head of the city administration.
At the end of the 20th century, Makhachkala became a center for Wahhabists and radical Islamic organizations.
### XXI century
In June 2013, the head of Makhachkala administration Said Amirov was arrested by law enforcement agencies. DSU rector Murtazali Rabadanov was appointed instead. In April 2014, Rabadanov decided to appoint Makhachkala akim m.a. resigned, and instead the head of Dagestan appointed Ramazan Abdulatipov Magomed Suleymanov. In July 2015, instead of Suleymanov, Musa Musaev was appointed as akim m.a. was. Deputies of the Makhachkala city assembly decided to dismiss Musa Musayev, the governor of the capital of Dagestan, who was sentenced to four years for fraud. This was reported by the press service of the administration on December 27, 2018. Abusupyan Hasanov was acting akim of Makhachkala from January to November. On November 7, 2018, Abusupyan Hasanov, city akim m.a. was arrested on suspicion of embezzling 40 million rubles in his position. On November 8, 2018, after the dismissal of Akim Abusupyan Hasanov, until January 31, 2019, Murat Aliyev became the acting akim of Makhachkala.
On January 31, 2019, deputies of the Makhachkala city assembly elected Salman Dadaev, the former head of the Basmanny district administration of Moscow, as the new mayor of the capital of Dagestan.
In 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2011, Makhachkala entered the top three in the contest "The most comfortable city in Russia" held by Rosstroy. Announcing the results of the 2011 contest, Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev called Makhachkala's prize-winning place "extremely important".
## Modern Makhachkala
In the last decade, the city has undergone many changes. The city budget began to grow at a rapid pace. For example, tax revenues for the city budget increased from 226 million rubles in 1997 to 1100 million rubles in 2005, and the city's income increased almost 15 times in the last 10 years.
Makhachkala won 3rd place in 2001, 2nd place in 2002, 1st place in 2003 in the All-Russian contest "The most comfortable city in Russia". In 2012, Makhachkala took 3rd place in the competition "The most comfortable urban (rural) settlement in Russia".
Also, in recent years, large-scale works on the restoration of the historical part of the city, entrance roads, life support infrastructure have been carried out in the city. The city's roads, highways and coasts, central and university squares were renovated, a new Akkol park with a children's amusement park was built. In 2002, a 514-meter long passageway was built and put into use.
In the last four years, the volume of industrial production has increased more than 5 times.
Today, Makhachkala is the largest city in Russia's North Caucasus and the federal district of the same name, and is considered the cultural, economic and scientific center of southern Russia.
The city's industrial enterprises specialize in the production of defense, forestry, metalworking, electronics, fish processing and other products.
The Dagestan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, about 20 branch research institutes are located here.
There are 62 general education schools in Makhachkala. 11 of them were reorganized into gymnasiums, lyceums, and colleges. There are 6 state higher educational institutions, including Dagestan State University, Dagestan State University of National Economy, branches of state universities, non-state universities and branches, 29 secondary specialized educational institutions.
There are 4 cinemas equipped with modern film equipment in the city. 3 republican libraries: national library with 1.5 million volumes, A.S. There is a youth and children's library named after Pushkin, as well as a city library with 15 branches. More than 20 TV and radio programs, 7 news agencies, 30 magazines, 14 republican and 12 city newspapers are published.
## Geography
### Geographical situation
Makhachkala is the width of the lowland plain between Tarkytau and the sea on the west coast of the Caspian Sea, near the foothills of the Greater Caucasus Mountains. It is located in a narrow strip of up to 10 km.
Makhachkala is located in Moscow time zone. The time offset from UTC used is +3:00. According to the time and geographic longitude used, the average day in Makhachkala starts at 11:50 PM.
### Hydrography
The city is located on the shore of the Caspian Sea. Sherkesozhen (Talginka) and Tarnaiyr rivers flow through the city. The canal named after the October Revolution crosses the city from the north-west to the south. Lakes: Vuzovskoe, Akkol, Gryazevoe.
### Climate
The climate of the city is dry, temperate continental. Average annual air temperature is +12.3 °C. Summer is hot, the average temperature of the summer months is +23.6 °C, the maximum daytime temperature reaches +36-38 °C. There is no climatic winter, the coldest months, January and February, have an average temperature of +1.2 °C, and there is no permanent snow cover. Precipitation is 410-450 mm per year, relative humidity is about 70% (up to 80% in winter), and about 50% in July and August. Most open days are in the summer months. The duration of the summer period (temperature above +15 °C) is 150 days, beginning on May 11 and ending on October 7. Winds blow mainly from the southeast and northwest.
* Average annual temperature — +12.3 °C;
* Average annual wind speed — 3.3 m/s;
* The average annual air humidity is 78%.
## Residents
As of January 1, 2021, the city ranked 25th among 1116 cities of the Russian Federation in terms of population.
Makhachkala is the most populated city in the North Caucasus Federal District, one of the few largest developing cities and fast-growing cities in Russia, most of which experienced negative population dynamics after the Soviet era.
National composition
According to the 2010 census:
## Administrative division
The city is divided into 3 districts:
* Kirov district — 186,694 (2021);
* Soviet district — 209,275 (2021);
* Lenin district — 208,297 (2021).
## Transport
### Highways and highways
The following highways pass through Makhachkala:
* P217, E50, E119 , AH8 — "Kavkaz" highways
* P215, E119, AH8 — "P215";
* P275
### Public transport
Trolleybus
There are 5 trolleybus routes in the city. The fare is 15 rubles, with a transport card - 13 rubles.
Buses
Currently there are 3 regular routes. The cost of the trip is 15 rubles.
Minibuses
The most common mode of transport along with private taxis. The cost of the trip is 23-27 rubles (depending on the transport company).
### International Airport
Makhachkala (Uytash) International Airport named after two-time Hero of the Soviet Union Amet-Khan Sultan is the main airport of the Republic of Dagestan, a federal airport located in Makhachkala.
It is located 4.5 km from the city of Kaspiysk and 16.2 km from the nearest district of Makhachkala.
### Sea Trade Port
Makhachkala International Sea Trade Port in the Republic of Dagestan is the only non-ice-free sea port of Russia in the Caspian Sea. In general, it is engaged in transportation and processing of mineral-building and liquid cargoes by ferry and container transportation.
The port of Makhachkala today is a dry cargo port that includes a railway ferry and a car ferry terminal equipped with modern technological equipment.
The railway crossing of the port is the only crossing in Russia for ferries of the type Makhachkala-1, Petrovsk and "Sovetsky Dagestan" on the Caspian Sea. The port's oil terminal is a modern complex for the processing of petroleum products, equipped with high-performance facilities for loading tankers with a lifting capacity of up to 10,000 tons and a length of up to 10 meters. The largest oil base in the North Caucasus is located in the area adjacent to the port, which is connected to the Baku-Novorossiysk oil pipeline.
### Railway station
Makhachkala railway station is a railway station of the Makhachkala region of the North Caucasus Railway located in the city of Makhachkala, the capital of the Republic of Dagestan. The main passenger station where all intercity trains of the city stop. Makhachkala station is the last stop for all suburban trains.
The following intercity trains run through the station:
* Makhachkala — Moscow;
* Makhachkala — St. Petersburg;
* Makhachkala — Tumen;
* Moscow — Baku;
* Baku — Kharkiv.
Suburbs:
* Makhachkala — Derbent;
* Makhachkala — Khasajurt.
### Bus station
There are two bus stations in Makhachkala: the main one - North and suburban - South:
* Routes from the north go to the cities of Russia, the northern and central parts of the Republic of Dagestan;
* Routes from the south go to the southern regions of Dagestan.
## Tourist centers, sanatoriums
Makhachkala is a large tourist and health center. Due to the warm climate and favorable geomagnetic conditions, there are many spas and treatment centers near Makhachkala:
* "Dagestan" spa;
* republican tuberculosis children's hospital;
* "Zhuravlik" republican children's resort;
* Tarnair resort;
* "Talgi" resort.
## Education and culture
### Higher educational institutions
* Dagestan State University
* Dagestan State Technical University
* M .M. Dagestan State Agrarian University named after Zhambolatov
* Dagestan State Pedagogical University
* Dagestan State University of National Economy
* Dagestan State Medical University
* Dagestan Institute of Applied Arts and Design
* Institute of Theology and International Relations
* Islamic University named after Imam Shafi
* Humanitarian Institute "Insan"
* Humanitarian and Pedagogical College
* Dagestan branch of the Moscow State Institute of Radio Engineering, Electronics and Automation (technical university)
* A. Dagestan branch of Russian State Pedagogical University named after I. Hertsen.
* Institute (branch) of Moscow State Open University.
* Institute (branch) of the Moscow State Law Academy.
Management and Business Institute
* NOU Caucasus Institute
* Makhachkala Branch of Moscow Road Institute
* Makhachkala Branch of Modern Humanitarian Academy
* International Academy of Eastern Countries
* North Caucasus State Tax Institute - Branch of the All-Russian State Tax Academy of the Ministry of Finance of Russia
* North Caucasus (Makhachkala) branch of the state educational institution of higher professional education "Russian Academy of Law of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation"
* Branch of the Moscow Open Social University - Dagestan Regional
* Branch of Russian State University of Tourism and Service
* Branch of RGEU Rostov State Economic University
* Branch of Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
* Branch of Russian Academy of Education
* Branch of Southern Federal University \ <>
### Architecture, sights
5.5 km from Makhachkala, there is Tarky village on Tarkytau mountain, on its place, according to legend, in the VII-X centuries until about 723, the capital of the Khazar Khaganate was the city of Samandar. after that - the village of Tarky with 3 mosques is located. Above was the Burnai fortress until 1821, in its place there is a stone-fortified observation post.
Yusip Bey Jami Friday Mosque of Makhachkala
In the center of Makhachkala is one of the largest mosques in Europe, built in the image of the famous Blue Mosque of Istanbul. The mosque is expanding every year, maintaining the geometric proportions and aesthetic harmony of the fit. Initially, the mosque was designed for 6-7 thousand people. Expanded during operation, now it can accommodate 17 thousand people at the same time. This mosque is named in honor of the sudden death of the representative of the family of Turkish jugglers who invested in it.
Assumption Cathedral
The foundation of the cathedral was laid in 1906. In 2004, the construction of the Alexander Nevsky altarpiece of the cathedral was completed, and on October 12, 2004, Bishop Alexander of Baku and Caspian held a great ceremony of cleaning the altarpiece. Honored Artist of the Russian Federation, professor A.B. A group of 7 local artists under the leadership of Musaev repainted the Holy Assumption Cathedral.
Makhachkala lighthouse
It was built in 1852 shortly after the foundation of the Port-Petrovsk fortress. It works.
### State theaters
* State Republican Russian Drama Theater named after M. Gorky
* Kumyk Music and Drama Theater named after A.P. Salauatov
* Gamzat Avar Music-Drama Theater named after Sadasa
* Lak Music-Drama Theater named after E. Kapiev
* Dagestan Puppet Theater
* Dagestan Opera and Ballet Theater
* Friendship House
* State "Zhislam" singing theater
* Dagestan State Philharmonic named after T. Muratov
### Museums and art galleries
* A. Taho-Godi National Museum of the Republic of Dagestan
* P. S. Ghamzatov Museum of Fine Arts of Dagestan
* Museum of Military Glory
* Museum of the History of Theaters of Dagestan
* Museum-Reserve Ethnographic Complex "Dagestan Village"
* Museum of the History of the City of Makhachkala
* History of Fisheries of Dagestan Museum
* Exhibition Hall of the Union of Artists of the Republic of Dagestan
* Museum of Musical Culture of Dagestan
### Libraries
* National Library of the Republic of Dagestan
* Republican Youth Library (since 1997 )
* Republican children's library (since 1968).
* Scientific library of DMU
* Basic library of DMPU
* Basic library of DMTU
### Cinemas
* "Oktyabr" cinema
"Russia" cinema
* "Cinema-Hall" cinema (formerly "Pyramid")
* "Mirkato" cinema (in the shopping center of the same name)
* "Druzhba" cinema (not working)
\< > ### Sports
* "Anzhi" football club will perform in the "South" group of the FUL championship
* "Dynamo" football club will perform in the "South" group of the FUL championship
* "Legion Dynamo" football club performs in the "South" group of the FUL championship
* "Caspii" mini-football club performs in the Upper League, in the second division of the Russian mini-football structure.
### Media (in Russian)
* Newspapers: "Yug Rossii" Russian newspaper "Novoe Delo" "Nastoyachesye Vremya" "Chernovik" "Makhachkalinskie Izvestia" "Molodyozh Dagestan" "As Hello" "Dagestanskaya Pravda" "Svobodnaya Republika"
* "Yug Rossii" Russian newspaper
* "Novoe Delo"
* "Nastoyastchee Vremya"
* "Chernovik"
* "Makhachkalinsky Izvestia"
* "Youth of Dagestan"
* "As-Salam"
* "Dagestanskaya Pravda"
* "Free Republic"
## International service
\< >
### Membership in international organizations
Makhachkala is a member of major organizations:
* United Cities and Local Governments (UCL)
* Organization of Islamic Capitals and Cities (observer status );
* Visa Center of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
### Sister cities and partners
Makhachkala has 16 sister cities and 7 partners.
## Religion
The city has representatives of all world religions except Buddhism.
### Islam
The vast majority of the population (85%) follows Sunni Islam. "Juma" mosque is located on Imam Shamil (Kalinin) avenue.
### Orthodoxy
There is an Orthodox temple in the city - the Cathedral of the Holy Assumption on Ordzhonikidze Street, which is the cathedral of the Makhachkala Diocese.
### Judaism
The construction of the synagogue on Ermoshkin Street is nearing completion.
### Other denominations
Also in Makhachkala, on Gromova Street, there is a Seventh Day Adventist Church.
## Monuments
* 5 monuments dedicated to V. I. Lenin:
in front of the building of Dagestan State Pedagogical University (M. Yaragsky street). At 5:40 a.m. on September 28, 2010, an improvised explosive device was detonated near the monument of the leader of the world proletariat. As a result, the monument was damaged and no one was injured. ;On Lenin Square;At the entrance to the City Garden;On the territory of the former Fish Canning Factory.On the territory of Daghestan Medical University. At 5:40 a.m. on September 28, 2010, an improvised explosive device was detonated near the monument of the leader of the world proletariat. As a result, the monument was damaged and no one was injured. ;
* on Lenin Square;
* At the entrance of the city garden;
* on the territory of the former Fish canning factory.
* In the territory of DagMAU
* V.I. Lenin and M. Gorky monument (in front of the building of the "Aviaagregat" plant, I. Kazak st. )..
Monument to the Russian teacher (Russian intellectual) in Akkol park.
* Amet-Khan Sultan monument (the ring at the beginning of A. Sultan Ave.).
* Monument to Rasul Ghamzatov (in front of the Russian Theater, R. Ghamzatov Ave., as well as in the yard of the Poetry Theater, R. Ghamzatov Ave.).
* Muse monument (Lenin Avenue).
* Monument to Ali Aliyev (on Yaragsky Street near the Lenin Komsomol Park and the Ministry of Physical Education and Sports).
* Monument to the fighters for the Soviet power in Dagestan (Revolutionary Fighters Square).
* Monument "Defender of the Fatherland" (ring at the intersection of Bulac Street and the Makhachkala-Airport Highway).
* Gamzat Sadasa monument (Lenin square).
* Monument to Abutalip Gafurov (square named after Fazu Aliyeva).
* Monument of Fazu Aliyeva (square named after Fazu Aliyeva).
* Monument to fallen soldiers (in front of the Medical Academy).
* Bariyat Muratova's monument (in front of the Kumyk Theater building).
* Monument to the liberation fighter (Lenin Komsomol park).
* "Chernobylists" monument (Gorky St.).
* Stele dedicated to the fighters on the way to the establishment of Soviet power in Dagestan (Park of the 50th anniversary of October).
* Monument to militiamen killed in the line of duty (Rasul Ghamzatov Avenue).
* Peter I monument (Peter I square).
* Monument to M.V. Lomonosov (on the territory of the Technical University, Kalinin Ave.).
* S. M. Kirov monument (Kirov square).
* Monument to S. Stal (S. Stal road).
* M. Gadzhiev monument (three monuments: factory named after Gadzhiev and in the territory of the Sea port, on M. Gadzhiev street).
* Monument to A.S. Pushkin (in front of the republican library for children and teenagers, Lenin Ave.).
* LN Tolstoy monument (intersection of Tolstoy and M. Hajiev streets).
* Zyrshi Kazakh monument (intersection of Yaragsky and Zyrshi Kazakh streets).
* Monument to Makhach Dahadaev (Station square). Opened in 1971
* Monument to Imam Shamil (Shamil Street).
* Monument to doctors who died in the fight against COVID-19 on the territory of Dagestan State Medical University..
## View
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741689 | Seisen Kozheke | Seisen (Seysenbai) Shaminuly Kozheke (born on December 28, 1951 in Zhanaturmys village, Turar Ryskulov district, Zhambyl region. Journalist, writer, translator, poet. Graduated from the journalism faculty of KazMU in 1978. He is the author of "Temirkul. Temirkanat", "Legendary", "Warrior of Two Fronts", and the collection of poems "Aykol". , worked in regional newspapers and retired from the regional newspaper "Ak Zhol". Essays and journalistic articles, stories and feuilletons written by Karym are often published in the republican and regional press. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741456 | John Tolkien | John Ronald Reuel Tolkien (English. John Ronald Reuel Tolkien; January 3, 1892, Bloemfontein, Orange Republic - September 2, 1973. Bournemouth, England) is an English writer, linguist, philologist, professor at Oxford University. Author of such works as "The Lord of the Rings", "The Hobbit or the Return", "The Silmarillion".
Tolkien worked as a professor of Anglo-Saxon language at Pembroke College, Oxford University (1925-1945), English and English literature at Merton College, Oxford University (1945-1959). Close friend K. S. Together with Lewis, he became a member of the informal literary society "Inklingee". On March 28, 1972, Queen Elizabeth II awarded him the title of Commander of the Order of the British Empire (OBE).
After Tolkien's death, his son Christopher, a memory of his father, published several works based on his writings, including The Silmarillion. This book, "The Hobbit" and "The Lord of the Rings" combined, is a collection of tales, poems, stories, fictional languages, and literary essays about the fictional Arda and its parts of Middle-earth. Between 1951 and 1955, Tolkien used the word "legendarium" to designate most of this collection. Many authors wrote works in the fantasy genre before Tolkien, but due to his enormous popularity and influence on the genre, many consider Tolkien to be the father of modern fantasy.
In 2008, the British newspaper "The Times" ranked Tolkien sixth in its list of "50 most important British writers since 1945". In 2009, the American magazine "Forbes" ranked him fifth in the list of dead celebrities with huge incomes.
## Biography
### Tolkien Family
Most of Tolkien's ancestors were artisans. The Tolkien family originates from Lower Saxony, but in the 18th century, the writer's great-grandfathers immigrated to England and, according to Tolkien, "quickly became the original English." Tolkien derives his surname from the German word tollkühn, translated into Kazakh, it means "reckless brave". Even today there are people with the surname Tolkien living in northwestern Germany, namely in Lower Saxony and Hamburg. The German writer suggested that Tolkien's surname came from the village of Tolkynen, near Rastenburg in East Prussia (north-eastern Poland). However, this village is far from Lower Saxony, and the name of the village comes from an obsolete Prussian language. Tolkien's mother's parents, John and Emily Jane Suffield, lived in Birmingham. Here, from the beginning of the 19th century, they occupied a building called "Lamb House" located in the center of the city. In 1812, Tolkien's great-grandfather, William Suffield, opened a book and stationery shop there, and from 1826, Tolkien's grandfather, John Suffield, sold decorative fabrics and hosiery..
### Childhood
John Ronald Reuel Tolkien was born on January 3, 1892 in Bloemfontein, Orange Free State (Free State, OAR). His parents, Arthur Ruel Tolkien (1857–1895), an English bank manager, and Mabel Tolkien (Suffield) (1870–1904), came to South Africa before the birth of their first son because of Arthur's career. On February 17, 1894, Arthur and Mabel's second son, Hilary Arthur Ruel, was born.
As a child, Tolkien was bitten by a wasp, and a doctor named Thornton Quimby came to treat him. According to assumptions, this man played a major role in creating the image of Gandalf the Grey.
In February 1896, after the family's caregiver died of rheumatism, the Tolkien family moved back to England. Left alone with two children, Mabel asks her relatives for help, but relatives who oppose Arthur and Mabel's marriage do not offer much help. That's why she takes her children and moves to Sayrehole, near Birmingham. A mother is left alone with two children, barely enough to live on, with only a small amount of money. In order to find some support in life, Mabel took to the path of religion, converted to Catholicism (after this, the relationship with her English relatives was broken) and gave her children a proper education, as a result, Tolkien remained a religious person throughout his life. Tolkien's strong religious beliefs. S. played a major role in Lewis's conversion to Christianity, but Lewis chose the Anglican form of Catholicism.
As a child, Tolkien was taught Latin by his mother, who also instilled his love for botany. From an early age, Tolkien liked to paint landscapes and trees. Thanks to his mother's hard work, at the age of four, the boy John could read and even write his first letters. He read a lot, at first he disliked Stevenson's "Treasure Island" and the Brothers Grimm's "The Mouseketeer of Gamelin", but he liked Lewis Carroll's "Alice in Wonderland", stories about Indians, George Macdonald's fantasy style and Andrew Lang's "Fairies". liked the book. Tolkien's mother died of diabetes in 1904 at the age of 34. Before his death, he entrusted the care of his children to Francis Morgan, a churchwarden in Birmingham. This person increased Tolkien's interest in philology.
Children spend their preschool years in nature. These two years were enough for Tolkien to describe all the forests and fields in his works. In 1900, John entered King Edward's School. Here he learned Old English, and also began learning Welsh, Old Norse, Goth, and Finnish. His linguistic talent was evident from an early age. After studying Old Welsh and Finnish, he began to invent the language of the Elves. He later attended St Philip's School and Exeter College, Oxford.
### Youth
While studying at King Edward's School in Birmingham in 1911, Tolkien's friends were Rob Gilson (eng. Rob Gilson), Geoffrey Smith (eng. Geoffrey Smith) and together with Christopher Wiseman (English. Christopher Wiseman) opens a semi-secret circle called "Tea Club and Barrovian Society" (TCBS). The reason for this name is related to his favorite teas sold at Barrow's shop near the school. Despite the ban, this tea was also sold in the school library. After graduating from school, the members of the SC did not lose contact with each other, as evidenced by the fact that in December 1914 they met at Wiseman's house in London.
Tolkien will be in Switzerland in the summer of 1911. He mentions this in a letter from 1968, and also mentions that Bilbo Baggins' journey through the Misty Mountains is connected with his journey from Interlaken to Lauterbrunnen with his twelve companions. In October of this year, he will continue his studies at Oxford University.
### The Tolkien Family
In 1908, he met Edith Mary Brett. It later greatly influenced Tolkien's work.
Tolkien's infatuation prevented him from going to college, and Edith was Protestant and three years older. Father Francis gets her word that he will not meet Edith until he reaches the age of majority at the age of 21. Tolkien kept his word and did not send a letter to Mary Edith until she reached this age. They didn't even meet or talk.
Tolkien writes a letter to Edith in the evening on the day of his coming of age. In this letter, he expressed his feelings and asked her to marry him, but Edith had already given her consent to another man, because she thought that he had forgotten about Tolkien because he had not heard from her for so long. In the end, Edith returns her wedding ring and announces that she will marry Tolkien. In addition, he converts to Catholicism at Tolkien's insistence.
Tolkien Family Genealogy
### Career
In 1914, Tolkien enlisted in the Military Training Corps in order to postpone his draft date, which he needed to complete his B.A. was. In 1915, he graduated with honors and went to serve as a lieutenant in the Lancashire Rifle Regiment. Later, he was called to the front and participated in the First World War.
### First World War
### In the rear
### Second World War
\ <> ### Death
## Compilation of languages
## Works
Tolkien's works were liked by almost all readers. Especially such works as "The Lord of the Rings", "Hobby or Round Trip" and "The Silmarillion" became famous in the world. Many years after his death, the number of his readers is increasing day by day. Films were made based on his books.
### Publications during his lifetime
* 1925 - "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight" (with EB Gordon)
* 1937 - "The Hobbit, or The Return " / The Hobbit or There and Back Again — with this book, Tolkien stepped into literature. In the beginning, the book was intended only as a work for the family. He began to tell his children the story of the Hobbit. Randomly sent to print, the adventures of a hobbit named Bilbo captured the attention of readers of all ages. Even this fairy tale had many mythological characters. Today, the book is best known as the beginning of Lord of the Rings.
* 1945 — "Leaf by Niggle" / Leaf by Niggle
* 1945 — "Ballad about Aotrou and Itrun" / The Lay of Aotrou and Itroun\
* 1949 — "Farmer Giles of Ham" / Farmer Giles of Ham
* 1953 — "The Homecoming of Beorhthelm Son Beorhthelm" / The Homecoming of Beorhtnoth Beorhthelm's Son (play)
* 1954-1955 — "The Lord of the Rings" / The Lord of the Rings. Already in 1970, the book was among the most read and most published books. Tolkien's best work. An epic about Middle Earth, povestvuyushchya o Sredizemye, was published in England in 1954-1955, after some time it brought Tolkien's cult to life. It began in the USA in the 1960s, and continues to this day. 1954 — "The Fellowship of the Ring" 1954 — "The Two Towers" 1955 — "The Return of the King" > * 1954 — "The Fellowship of the Ring" / The Two Towers
* 1954 — "The Two Towers"
* 1955 — "The Return of the King" /<> * 1962 — "The Adventures of Tom Bombadil and Other Verses from the Red Book" / The Adventures of Tom Bombadil and Other Verses from the Red Book (collection of poems).
* 1967 - The Road Goes Ever On (with Donald Swan)
* 1967 - Smith of Wootton Major
### From the world editions after the past
* 1976 — "The Father Christmas Letters" / The Father Christmas Letters
* 1977 — "The Silmarillion" / The Silmarillion
* 1980 — "Unfinished stories of Numenor and Middle Earth" / Unfinished Tales of Númenor and Middle-earth
* 1983 — "Monsters and critics" / The Monsters And The Critics And Others Essays
* 1983-1996 — "History of Jerorta" / The History of Middle-earth 12 volumes \< > * 1997 — Tales from the Perilous Realm
* 1998 — "Roverandom" / The Roverandom
* 2007 — "The Children of Húrin"
* 2009 — "Sigurd The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrun
* 2009 — "The History of The Hobbit" / The History of The Hobbit
* 2013 — "The Fall of Arthur" / The Fall of Arthur
\< > ## Legacy
## Things named after Tolkien
Named after:
* asteroid (2675) Tolkien;
## Awards
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741776 | 2024 European Football Championship (final) | The final of the 2024 European Football Championship (English: UEFA Euro 2024 final) is a football game that ended the 2024 European Championship. The 17th final in the history of the European Championships.
The match was held on July 14, 2024 at the "Olympiastadion" stadium in Berlin. The teams of Spain and England participated in the final. The Spanish national team won 2:1 in the regular time and became the European champion for the fourth time.
## Road to the final
## Match
### Details
## # Stats
## Tactical expertise
A key aspect of Luis de la Fuente's team's victory in the European Championship final in Berlin in the second half is the center field there was an establishment of supremacy. UEFA's panel of technical observers analyzed the game and noted that although England tried to contain the Spaniards in the central area before the break, they could not cope with Spain's changed tactics in the second half.
Wing play played a key role in Spain's 2-1 win over England. The first goal, set up by Lamin Yamal and scored by Nico Williams, showed the efficiency of the flank attacks. However, a key factor in the win was Spain's dominance in midfield.
In the first half, England used individual defense against the Spanish midfielders. For example, Phil Foden kept Rodry under control, Declan Rice kept Dani Olmo under control, and Cobby Maynou kept Fabian Ruiz under control. This allowed the English to win the ball back more often.
Due to this defense, Spain found it difficult to advance through the center, they were forced to play through the left flank. Mark Cucurella and Williams were active in that area, and that was reflected in the passing stats between the lines.
The second half was completely different. Spain lost Rodry, who was named the Player of the Tournament, and was replaced by Martin Subimendi. Fabian Ruiz began to play deeper, creating more space for combinations and penetrating passes. England's midfielders were unable to press both effectively at the same time, which led to gaps in their defence.
An example of changes in the second half is the attack in the 47th minute. The Spaniards switched the ball from flank to flank to find empty areas. Fabian Ruiz made a pass to Dani Carvajal who went forward. Yamal moved inside, creating dangerous moments between the lines. Jude Bellingham switched to Ruiz, leaving Yamal free, while Luke Shaw was left with a choice between Carvajal and Yamal. This allowed Yamal to create a scoring opportunity for Williams, who immediately scored.
De la Fuente noted that the substitution of Subimendi in place of Rodri helped to keep the game structured, allowing the Spaniards to use the flanks more effectively and open up empty areas with individual passing forwards. He also said that his players showed composure in the second half, which allowed them to create many dangerous moments in counter-attacks.
The combination of Yamal and Williams was very important during the first goal. Yamal, named the tournament's Young Player of the Year, scored his fourth assist, while Williams became the youngest player to score in a European Championship final since 1968. UEFA's panel of technical observers noted that Spain caused many problems for England with their creative wings and was the best team of the tournament.
## Sources
## External links
* Official site |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741836 | Paris Saint-Germain FC | Paris Saint-Germain (PSG) (fr. Paris Saint-Germain) is a French professional football club in Paris. Ten-time winner of the French Championship, fourteen-time winner of the French Cup.
## History
### In the 20th century
At the beginning of the 1970/71 season, "Paris" and the newly formed "Paris Saint-Germain" club merged and started the competition in the second division of France. In the same season, he got a ticket to the top division. By the end of the 1971-72 season, the team had to split again due to lack of funds. "Paris" remained in the top group, and "Paris Saint-Germain" remained only one of the amateur clubs. Even dropped to the third division. But soon he returned to the top division and did not go down again.
He won his first prize in 1981: he won the French Cup. Growing at this rate, in the 1985-86 season, he became the champion of France for the first time.
### In the 21st century
In 2011, 70 percent of the club's shares were bought by Qatar Sports Investments. Within two or three years, such footballers as Jeremy Menez, Blaise Matuidi, Mohammed Sissoko, Javier Pastore, Maxwell, Alex Costa, Thiago Motta, Zlatan Ibrahimovic, Thiago Silva, Ezequiel Lavezzi, Marco Verratti, Lucas Moura, David Beckham came to the club, and the club France In the championship, he was isolated from others and went ahead. In the 2012/13 season, the team won the championship much ahead of schedule. He reached the quarter-finals of the UEFA Champions League.
Unai Emery took the reins of the club in 2016. In the 2016/17 season, the club did not become a champion, losing to "Barcelona" in the 1/8 finals of the Champions League. Despite losing 4-0 at home, they conceded three goals in the last minutes and lost 1-6.
In the summer of 2017, such stars as Neymar, Kylian Mbappe, Dani Alves came to the club. But they also could not help to win the Champions League, in 2017/18 they lost to "Real" in the 1/8 finals of the Champions League (1:3, 1:2). After this season, PSG won the French championship, but Unai Emery resigned as coach. He was replaced by Thomas Tuchel.
reached the Champions League final for the first time in the 2019/20 season, but lost to Bayern Munich 0:1. However, he became the champion of France for the ninth time.
At the end of 2020, Thomas Tuchel left the coach and Mauricio Pochettino came.
## Achievements
### International
* Cup Winners' Cup - 1996
* UEFA Super Cup - 1996
* Intertoto cup - 2001
### National
* Winner (10): 1985/86, 1993/94, 2012/13, 2013/14, 2014/15, 2015/16, 2017 /18, 2018/19, 2019/20, 2021/22
* Silver medalist (9): 1988/89, 1992/93, 1995/96, 1996/97, 1999/00, 2003/04, 2011/12, 2016/17, 2020/21
* Bronze medalist (3 ): 1982/83, 1991/92, 1994/95
* French Cup (14, record): 1981/82, 1982/83, 1992/93, 1994/95, 1997/98, 2003/04, 2005 /06, 2009/10, 2014/15, 2015/16, 2016/17, 2017/18, 2019/20, 2020/21
* French Super Cup (11, record): 1995, 1998, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2022
## Shirts
## Composition
2020/2021
\ <> ## Sources
## External links
* Official site (French) (English) (Spanish) (Port.) (Ar.) (Chinese) ) (japanese) |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741434 | Anniversary of Tatarstan | The state coat of arms of the Republic of Tatarstan (state emblem of the Republic of Tatarstan) is the state symbol of the Republic of Tatarstan. Approved by the resolution of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Tatarstan dated February 7, 1992 (No. 1415-XII). Currently, the rules for using the State Coat of Arms are regulated by the Law "On State Symbols of the Republic of Tatarstan".
## Description
The state coat of arms of Tatarstan — in a frame with a circular shield on the side, the right forefoot raised against the background of the sun disc, and the inscription "Tatarstan" on the base, with the ornament of the Tatar people the image of a winged leopard is shown, its wings are made of seven feathers, and the floral pattern on the shield consists of eight flowers.
coat of arms of the Republic of Tatarstan in accordance with the colors of the flag of Tatarstan; the shape is round.
The image in the center of the coat of arms - a winged leopard - was considered the god of fertility and guardian of children in ancient times. In the coat of arms of the Republic of Tatarstan, the leopard is the guardian of the republic's citizens and people. The leopard is depicted against the red disk of the sun. The sun was the main god of many peoples in ancient times. The red sun on the coat of arms of Tatarstan means a good sign, luck, happiness, life. The round shield on the left side of the leopard means the legal, economic and strong protection of citizens of the Republic of Tatarstan.
In the colorful image of the State Emblem of the Republic of Tatarstan, the sun is red, the leopard, its wings and the floral pattern on the shield are white, the frame is green, the shield, the ornament on the frame and the inscription "Tatarstan" are painted in gold.
The khachkargul flower with an even number of petals represents the source of eternal life, long life and long life.
The raised right front paw of a leopard is a traditional heraldic symbol of supreme authority. It also means the beginning of a movement (work) with a "step on the right foot", a good start of Tatarstan's movement on the road to renewal. The sharp teeth and claws of the leopard mean that it can protect itself and those it supports and saves. The seven feathers of the leopard's wing represent the area of influence of the leopard's archery power, both on earth and in heaven. The shape of the leopard's tail means good mood and friendship.
The famous Tatar flower pattern and the tulip flower represent the awakening of spring nature and the revival of Tatarstan.
The coat of arms is covered by three golden circles on three levels. They represent the idea of unity, infinity and supreme perfection.
Symbolic meanings of colors: golden color - splendor, beauty, wealth of the land of Tatarstan; green color - the greenery of spring, revival of Tatarstan; white color - purity of thoughts of citizens of Tatarstan; red color corresponds to maturity, power, strength, life, vitality of Tatarstan.
The coat of arms of the Republic of Tatarstan affirms universal and moral values such as virtue, justice, well-being of citizens, friendship between peoples, peace and progress.
The author of the idea of depicting a winged leopard as the State Emblem of the Republic of Tatarstan is Doctor of Philology Nazim Khanzafarov.
The author of the State Emblem of the Republic of Tatarstan is Rif Fakhrutdinov, a monumental artist and a member of the Union of Artists of Tatarstan.
## Historical signs
### Khan era
The symbols of the Khanate of Kazan were a four-legged black dragon with an arrow-shaped tongue and tail, on a yellow background, and a black owl with yellow feathers on a yellow background.
### Tsarist era
In 1552, the Kazan khanate ceased to exist, a significant part of the Middle Volga region was annexed to the Russian state, and Ivan IV received the title of "Tsar of Kazan".
The oldest surviving badge of the city of Kazan is the Kazan seal with the Great Seal of Ivan the Terrible (1577). The insignia was the image of a crowned dragon (zilant). Such a dragon can be found in the seals of the Kazan Kingdom of Voivode I.M. Vorotynskyi (1596), in the charter granted to Archimandrite Arseny of the Kazan Preobrazhensky Monastery and his brothers, in the charter granted to Archimandrite Gerasim of the Sviyazhsk Bogoroditsky Monastery (1637), in the charter granted to Ipatia, the abbot of the Kazan Monastery (1693) and others. are also depicted in the documents.
In 1666, the decree of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich on the creation of the flag of the national emblem contained the following description: "On the seal of Kazan, a dragon in a crown, wings are golden, the tip of the tail is golden."
At the beginning of the 18th century in Russia, the emblems of the respective territories appeared on the regimental flags. In particular, images of the Kazan regiment flag of 1712 and 1730 with zilant are known, as well as the image on the Sviyazhsk regiment flag of 1730, called "Znamyona gerbovnika Miniha". In 1730, the coat of arms of the Kazan infantry regiment's flag was described as follows: "a black snake with red wings on a golden shield, on a white field, under a golden crown of the Kingdom of Kazan."
In 1724 Peter I invited to Russia Franz Santi describes the coat of arms of Kazan as follows: "Dragon or black snake with red wings, crowned with gold or yellow, is depicted on a silver field; that dragon is sitting on the green grass.' In this form, the coat of arms was included in the Stamp and received the highest approval in March 1730.
An image similar to the coat of arms of October can be found in the Bruce calendar published in 1775.
On October 18, 1781, Empress Ekaterina II gave the city of Kazan the coat of arms of Kazan. According to the rules in force at that time, the coat of arms of the city in the center of the 3rd region also served as a regional coat of arms, so this coat of arms was later used both as the coat of arms of the city of Kazan and as the coat of arms of the Kazan nobility. He was described as follows: "Black snake, under the golden crown of Kazan, red wings, white field." On a silver heraldic shield of the coat of arms, a black serpent with red wings rests on a green ground, surmounted by a gold crown with three leaf-like prongs. Thus, the coat of arms of the city of Kazan, without changes, repeated the coat of arms of Kazan in the 1672 tsarist Book of Positions and the 1730 Tanbanama.
On December 8, 1856, Alexander II approved the coat of arms of the Kazan province: "On a silver shield, a crowned black dragon, red wings and tail, golden beak and claws; his tongue is red. The shield is surmounted by an imperial crown and surrounded by golden oak leaves tied with a ribbon of St. Andrew.' It was then that the dragon began to appear as if walking.
In the middle of the 19th century, "decorations": crowns, bouquets, ribbons were introduced for the badges of Russian cities. In 1859, the coat of arms of Kazan was redrawn in accordance with the rules of heraldry, the place under the foot of the snake was lost, and the emblem "Kazan hat" was put on the shield.
*
*
The winged snake is an ancient Turkic and Bulgarian symbol. The "Serpent King" is a mythological creature that is considered a protector of the weak and a symbol of power and strength.
There is a legend that explains the appearance of Zilant on the coat of arms: in ancient times, many snakes lived on the site of the city of Kazan. The Tatar witch doctor used her magic spells to destroy all the snakes. Only the king of snakes, Zilant, survives and flies to Zylantau Mountain. But even there he disturbed the residents. Only after defeating the sorcerer Hakim Zilant, people were able to live peacefully in the city.
In some Turkic languages and dialects, "elan" sounds like "jilan", while the "j" sound of Old Russian Turkic is given as "z".
In addition to Kazan, the coat of arms of Bulgar (Volga Bulgaria) can be found on the coats of arms and seals of Russian kings: a walking silver animal (dog or leopard) with a red flag on a green field, separated by a silver cross; the handle is golden. This coat of arms appears in the Great Coat of Arms of the Russian Empire of 1882, in the Great Royal Book of 1672, in the Historical Dictionary of Russian Tsars of 1793 (but with a blue field), etc. occurs. The fact that the animal on the Bulgar coat of arms is taken as a leopard in the royal insignia may be due to the reproduction quality of the image, as a result of which the curls of fur on the skin have turned into spots. The beast was eventually reinterpreted and described in sources from the late 18th century as a lamb with a flag.
*
*
### Soviet times
On May 27, 1920, the Autonomous Tatar Socialist Soviet Republic was separated from the former Kazan province and adjacent territories within the RKFSR by the Decree of the Central Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan. was created.
One of the unique models of the Republic's Coat of Arms depicts the rising sun on a red shield bordered by ears of wheat, with a bow above it, and a sickle and a hammer below. The bearers of the shield were workers and collective workers with hammers and shovels in their hands.
Since 1930, the coat of arms of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic repeated the coat of arms of the RKFSR, but was supplemented with the inscription "Tatar AKSR" and the Tatar text of the motto. At first, in 1937, the Tatar text was written in Latin letters, and in 1939, it was changed to Cyrillic.
In 1978, after the change according to the coat of arms of the RKFSR, a five-pointed star appeared at the top of the coat of arms. The regulation on the coat of arms of the RKFSR was approved by the Decree of the Supreme Council of the RKFSR dated June 1, 1981.
In 1991, the preparatory group of the Constitutional Commission on State Symbols of the Tatar SSR prepared a model of the Coat of Arms for approval at the session of the Supreme Council of the Tatar SSR. But this coat of arms was not finally approved.
*
*
*
*
## See more
* Flag of the Republic of Tatarstan
* Anthem of the Republic of Tatarstan
\ <> ## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741677 | Baskarbek Bitanov | Baskarbek Altaiuli Bitanov (born on January 1, 1959 in the village of Kokdonen, Turar Ryskulov district, Zhambyl region. Journalist, writer, satirist.
Baskarbek (Baskar) Altaiuli Bitanov was born on January 1, 1959 in the village of T. Ryskulov district, Kokdonen. He attended school After graduating, he worked as the head of a rural club, the leader of rural artists. In 1977, he entered the journalism faculty of KAZU. He started his career in the Almaty regional newspaper "Zhetisu". In 1986, he moved to the newspaper "Egemen Kazakhstan" and ran the satirical column "Khalyk Gazeta" in 1990 He organized and published the satirical page "Village" and was the leading specialist of the "Tamasha" newspaper. He died on January 1, 1994
Since 2015, the Bashkar Bitanov Theater has been operating near the Mels Ozbekov Culture House in the center of Turar Ryskulov district.
## Source |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741840 | Milan FC | Associazione Calcio Milan, also known as AC Milan or AC Milan, is an Italian professional football club in Serie A.
"Milan" is the most awarded football club in the history of world football. In terms of international achievements, the Argentine has 18 titles with Boca Juniors. Seven-time winner of the UEFA Champions League (this is the highest number among Italian clubs).
The irreconcilable rival of the club is Internazionale, another Milan club. The match between these two clubs is called "Milan derby".
## History
The club was founded in 1899 by tailor Herbert Kilpin and businessman Alfred Edwards. On March 11, 1900, he played his first unofficial match and won the club "Meladunoma" (Milan) with a score of 3:0.
In 1901, he became the champion of Italy for the first time. In 1906 and 1907, he repeated this success.
In the 1950s, three Swedish strikers, Gunnar Nordahl, Gunnar Gren, Nils Liedholm, who are remembered as "Gre-No-Lee" trio, played in the club. In 1951, with the help of these players, he won the fourth Scudetto.
The club grew stronger in the 1960s. In this era, he became the first Italian club to win the European Champions Cup in 1963. He knocked down "Benfica" in the final.
was not very bright in 1970-80, became Italian champion only in 1979 and 1988. In January 1985, club legend Paolo Maldini made his debut for the club.
In 1988, the famous Dutch trio - Ruud Gullit, Marco van Basten, Frank Rijkaard - came to the club. The contribution of this trio was immediately felt, and in 1989 they won the European Champions Cup. In the final, they defeated the Romanian club "Steaua". And at the end of the 1993/94 season, they beat "Barcelona" in the Final with a score of 4:0 and once again won the UEFA Champions League. Later, in 2003 and 2007, he won this tournament. Thus, the number of trophies in the UEFA Champions League has increased to seven. In this era, such stars as Andrey Shevchenko, Kaka, Cafu, Andrea Pirlo, Paolo Maldini, Alessandro Costacurta, Filippo Inzaghi played in the club.
In the last ten years, the club has been in a complete crisis, since 2011, it has not qualified for the Italian Championship, and it has not been noticed at all in the European Cups.
## Achievements
### National
Serie A Champion (18): 1900/1901, 1905/06, 1906/07, 1950/51, 1954/55, 1956/57, 1958/59, 1961/62, 1967/68, 1978/79, 1987/88 , 1991/92, 1992/93, 1993/94, 1995/96, 1998/99, 2003/04, 2010/11 Vice-champion (14): 1901/02, 1947/48, 1949/50, 1951/52, 1955/56, 1960/61, 1964/65, 1970/71, 1971/72, 1972/73, 1989/90, 1990/91, 2004/05, 2011/123rd place (18): 1937/38, 1940 /41, 1948/49, 1952/53, 1953/54, 1959/60, 1962/63, 1963/64, 1968/69, 1975/76, 1979/80, 1988/89, 1999/00, 2002/03 , 2005/06, 2008/09, 2009/10, 2012/13
* Champion (18): 1900/1901, 1905/06, 1906/07, 1950/51, 1954/55, 1956/57, 1958 /59, 1961/62, 1967/68, 1978/79, 1987/88, 1991/92, 1992/93, 1993/94, 1995/96, 1998/99, 2003/04, 2010/11
* Vice-champion (14): 1901/02, 1947/48, 1949/50, 1951/52, 1955/56, 1960/61, 1964/65, 1970/71, 1971/72, 1972/73, 1989/90 , 1990/91, 2004/05, 2011/12
* 3rd place (18): 1937/38, 1940/41, 1948/49, 1952/53, 1953/54, 1959/60, 1962/63 , 1963/64, 1968/69, 1975/76, 1979/80, 1988/89, 1999/00, 2002/03, 2005/06, 2008/09, 2009/10, 2012/13
* Italian Cup Winner (5): 1966/67, 1971/72, 1972/73, 1976/77, 2002/03 Finalist (9): 1941/42, 1967/68, 1970/71, 1974/75, 1984/85, 1989/90 , 1997/98, 2015/16, 2017/18
Winner (5): 1966/67, 1971/72, 1972/73, 1976/77, 2002/03
* Finalist (9): 1941/42, 1967/68, 1970/71, 1974/75, 1984/85, 1989/90, 1997/98, 2015/16, 2017/18
* Super Cup Winner (7): 1988, 1992, 1993, 1994, 2004, 2011, 2016 Finalist (4): 1996, 1999, 2003 , 2018
* Winner (7): 1988, 1992, 1993, 1994, 2004, 2011, 2016
* Finalist (4): 1996, 1999, 2003, 2018
* Serie B Champion (2): 1980/81, 1982/83
* Champion (2): 1980/81, 1982/83
### International
* UEFA Champions League Winner (7): 1963, 1969 , 1989, 1990, 1994, 2003, 2007 Finalist (4): 1958, 1993, 1995, 2005
* Winner (7): 1963, 1969, 1989, 1990, 1994, 2003, 2007
* Finalist (4) ): 1958, 1993, 1995, 2005
* Cup Winners' Cup Winner (2): 1968, 1973 Finalist: 1974
* Winner (2): 1968, 1973
* Finalist: 1974
* UEFA Super Cup Winner (5): 1989, 1990, 1994, 2003, 2007 Finalist (2): 1973, 1993
* Winner (5): 1989, 1990, 1994, 2003, 2007
* Finalist (2): 1973, 1993
* Intercontinental Cup Winner (3): 1969, 1989, 1990 Finalist (4): 1963, 1993, 1994, 2003
* Winner (3): 1969, 1989, 1990
* Finalist (4): 1963 , 1993, 1994, 2003
* Club World Cup Winner: 2007
* Winner: 2007
* Latin Cup Winner (2): 1951, 1956 Finalist: 1953
* Winner (2): 1951, 1956 \ <> * Finalist: 1953
* Santiago Bernabeu Cup Winner (2): 1988, 1990 Finalist (2): 1999, 2018
* Winner (2): 1988, 1990
* Finalist (2): 1999, 2018
## Stadium
"San Siro" is a football field located in Milan, Italy. This field is the home field of Milan and Inter clubs. In 1979, the name of the stadium was changed from "San Siro" to "Giuseppe Meazza". Artificial lawn.
## Players
### Team
in the 2019/20 season
### Club veterans
## Links
* Official Site
* Milan Football Club Results
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741876 | Copa America 2024 (final) | Copa América 2024 (final) (English 2024 Copa América final) — the decisive game of the 2024 South American Cup. The teams of Argentina and Colombia met each other. The match was held in Miami-Dade, USA.
## Match
### Details
## Sources
## Links \ <>
* Official website of the America's Cup |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741799 | Chelsea FC | "Chelsea" (English: Chelsea FC; English pronunciation: ˈtʃɛlsiː) is an English Premier League football club from Fulham, south-west London. Founded in 1905, they play their home games at Stamford Bridge Stadium, with a capacity of 41,841 people.
He became the champion of England six times, winner of the English Cup eight times. England won the League Cup five times. In the 2011/12 season, they won the Champions League for the first time, the only London club to qualify for the tournament.
## History
### 20th century
The club was founded in 1905, but did not win a single trophy until the 1950s. In the 1954/55 season, under the leadership of coach Ted Drake, he became the English champion for the first time. After this success, he had the opportunity to participate in the first season of the Champions League, but he did not participate in this tournament due to the tight schedule of domestic tournaments in England.
In the 1960s, under coach Tom Doherty, "Chelsea" was considered the favorite in various tournaments. In the 1964/65 season, they stumbled in the final of the League Cup. He reached the semifinals of this tournament three times.
In 1970, for the first time in the FA Cup, they beat "Leeds United" in the final. And the next year, they beat Real Madrid in the Cup Winners' Cup and won the European Cup for the first time.
In the 1970s and 1980s, the situation of the club was not good, the renovation of the "Stamford Bridge" arena required a lot of money, and several of the best football players were sold, as a result, the team was relegated to the second division of England. In the 1982/83 season, it was almost relegated to the third division. After one season, he won the second division and returned to the elite. It fell again in 1988 and rose again in the summer of 1989.
In the mid-nineties, the club began to rise slowly. This period began especially after the arrival of Glen Hoddle as coach. Won the FA Cup in 1993/94. This peak reached its peak in 1998: the club won the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup for the second time.
### 21st century
In the summer of 2003, after the Russian businessman Roman Abramovich bought the team, the team immediately reached the level where it could compete with the best European clubs, and Jose Mourinho took the reins of the team. In 2004/05, he became the champion of England, reached the semi-finals of the Champions League. In 2005/06, he became the champion of England for the second time, but in the Champions League he gave way to the future winner "Barcelona".
In the 2006/07 season, they lost to Liverpool in the Champions League. After one season, Jose Mourinho left and was replaced by Avram Grant. In the 2007/08 season, the team reached the Champions League final for the first time, losing to Manchester United on penalties.
In the summer of that year, the famous Luis Felipe Scolari came to the club as a coach. However, in February 2009, he also left the position and was replaced by Guus Hiddink. At the end of the season, "Chelsea" was limited to winning the English Cup. In the semi-finals of the Champions League "Barcelona gave way.
In the summer of 2009, Carlo Ancelotti came to the club as a coach and worked for two seasons. During this period, the club became the champion of England once. In 2011, the Portuguese Andre Villas-Boas arrived, he did not stay at the club for long, he was fired in the spring of 2012 due to poor performances. Roberto di Matteo, a native player of the club, was appointed as the acting coach. Di Matteo won the Champions League for the first time three months later. After this victory, Di Matteo was confirmed as the official coach of the club. But in November 2012, he resigned and was replaced by Rafael Benitez. Under Benitez, the club won the Europa League (2013).
became the champion of England in 2014/15 under the coach of Jose Mourinho.
became the champion of England in the 2016/17 season under the coach of Antonio Conte.
In 2018/19, under the guidance of Maurizio Sarri, after six years, they won the UEFA Europa League. In the summer of 2019, Frank Lampard came to coach. In January 2021, the club's performance deteriorated and Lampard was replaced by Thomas Tuchel.
## Composition
August, 2021
## Achievements
### National
\ <> * Division 1 / Premier League Champion (6): 1954/55, 2004/05, 2005/06, 2009/10, 2014/15, 2016/17
* Champion (6): 1954/55, 2004 /05, 2005/06, 2009/10, 2014/15, 2016/17
* Division 2 Champion (2): 1983/84, 1988/89
* Champion (2): 1983/84, 1988/ 89
* FA Cup Winner (8): 1970, 1997, 2000, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2018
* Winner (8): 1970, 1997, 2000, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2018
* League Cup Winner (5): 1965, 1998, 2005, 2007, 2015
* Winner (5): 1965, 1998, 2005, 2007, 2015
* Super Cup Winner (4): 1955, 2000, 2005, 2009
* Winner (4): 1955, 2000, 2005, 2009
### International
* Champions League Winner (2): 2012, 2021 Finalist : 2008
* Winner (2): 2012, 2021
* Finalist: 2008
* Europa League Winner (2): 2013, 2019
* Winner (2): 2013, 2019
* Cup Winners Cup Winner (2) ): 1971, 1998
* Winner (2): 1971, 1998
* UEFA Super Cup Winner (2): 1998, 2021
* Winner (2): 1998, 2021
* Club World Cup Finalist: 2012
* Finalist: 2012
## Record holders
### Veterans
### Scorers
\ <> ### Players of the Year
## Head Coaches
## Symbolism
### Emblem
\< > *
*
*
*
*
*
### Form
## Sponsors
### Main sponsors and form makers
# ## Global Sponsors
### Regional Sponsors
## Sources
## Links
* Club's official site
* Chelsea Football Club results |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741835 | PSG | Paris Saint-Germain (PSG) (fr. Paris Saint-Germain) is a French professional football club in Paris. Ten-time winner of the French Championship, fourteen-time winner of the French Cup.
## History
### In the 20th century
At the beginning of the 1970/71 season, "Paris" and the newly formed "Paris Saint-Germain" club merged and started the competition in the second division of France. In the same season, he got a ticket to the top division. By the end of the 1971-72 season, the team had to split again due to lack of funds. "Paris" remained in the top group, and "Paris Saint-Germain" remained only one of the amateur clubs. Even dropped to the third division. But soon he returned to the top division and did not go down again.
He won his first prize in 1981: he won the French Cup. Growing at this rate, in the 1985-86 season, he became the champion of France for the first time.
### In the 21st century
In 2011, 70 percent of the club's shares were bought by Qatar Sports Investments. Within two or three years, such footballers as Jeremy Menez, Blaise Matuidi, Mohammed Sissoko, Javier Pastore, Maxwell, Alex Costa, Thiago Motta, Zlatan Ibrahimovic, Thiago Silva, Ezequiel Lavezzi, Marco Verratti, Lucas Moura, David Beckham came to the club, and the club France In the championship, he was isolated from others and went ahead. In the 2012/13 season, the team won the championship much ahead of schedule. He reached the quarter-finals of the UEFA Champions League.
Unai Emery took the reins of the club in 2016. In the 2016/17 season, the club did not become a champion, losing to "Barcelona" in the 1/8 finals of the Champions League. Despite losing 4-0 at home, they conceded three goals in the last minutes and lost 1-6.
In the summer of 2017, such stars as Neymar, Kylian Mbappe, Dani Alves came to the club. But they also could not help to win the Champions League, in 2017/18 they lost to "Real" in the 1/8 finals of the Champions League (1:3, 1:2). After this season, PSG won the French championship, but Unai Emery resigned as coach. He was replaced by Thomas Tuchel.
reached the Champions League final for the first time in the 2019/20 season, but lost to Bayern Munich 0:1. However, he became the champion of France for the ninth time.
At the end of 2020, Thomas Tuchel left the coach and Mauricio Pochettino came.
## Achievements
### International
* Cup Winners' Cup - 1996
* UEFA Super Cup - 1996
* Intertoto cup - 2001
### National
* Winner (10): 1985/86, 1993/94, 2012/13, 2013/14, 2014/15, 2015/16, 2017 /18, 2018/19, 2019/20, 2021/22
* Silver medalist (9): 1988/89, 1992/93, 1995/96, 1996/97, 1999/00, 2003/04, 2011/12, 2016/17, 2020/21
* Bronze medalist (3 ): 1982/83, 1991/92, 1994/95
* French Cup (14, record): 1981/82, 1982/83, 1992/93, 1994/95, 1997/98, 2003/04, 2005 /06, 2009/10, 2014/15, 2015/16, 2016/17, 2017/18, 2019/20, 2020/21
* French Super Cup (11, record): 1995, 1998, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2022
## Shirts
## Composition
2020/2021
\ <> ## Sources
## External links
* Official site (French) (English) (Spanish) (Port.) (Ar.) (Chinese) ) (japanese) |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741767 | An Lushan | An Lushan (Sogdian: Rohshan, Chinese: 安祿山; pinyin: Ān Lùshān, 703 - 29 January 757) was a Chinese soldier of Sog descent who led a large-scale rebellion to overthrow the ruling Tang dynasty in 755 and captured the imperial capital Chang'an. chief (tzedushi). The An Lushan Rebellion became the backdrop to the reign of the three Tang emperors, and according to some estimates, killed 36 million people in China, or one-sixth of the world's population (at the time of the events).
## Early Years
An Lushan's father was from the Sogdian nobility and was in the service of the Turkic Khagan (An is the Chinese name for Bukhara). The collapse of the Turkish Khaganate and the accompanying civil strife forced Anya's family to flee to Tang Emperor Xuanzong's court.
The Chinese have long appreciated the military talents of the steppe people and glorified them willingly. First Minister Li Lingfu was considered a patron of newcomers, who feared that high-ranking Chinese experienced in court intrigues could undermine his position.
## Contacts in Astana
Lushan is first mentioned in the dynasty chronicles in 736 when he led a scouting detachment in southern Manchuria, lost all his soldiers due to his impetuous behavior and was executed. Thanks to the intervention of influential patrons at court, he was pardoned and even promoted. As Lev Gumilev noted, "knowing the corruption of the palace hangers-on, he spared no money for bribes, so his rise was fast." Thus, in 741, An Lushan was given command of the corps at Yingzhou. In 742, when the frontier troops became ten corps, he became Jedushi of Pinlu County; In 744, he took Fanyang County and Hedun in 751. In 754, An Lushan also asked for and received the supreme command of the state herds.
Lushan often left the army and came to the capital, where he was well received not only by the emperor himself, but also by his beloved concubine Yang Guifei (one of the Four Ancient Beauties). The exceptionally handsome general was ready to play the role of a joker in front of him. Once, on his birthday, when he came to the harem dressed as a child, Yang Guifei was publicly "adopted". Such ridiculous rituals gave rise to rumors that the imperial concubine and the military commander were connected by something other than simple friendship.
## Rebellion
When Li Linfu died in 752, An Lushan had three of the 10 border provinces under his control, making him the most powerful man in the army. The alienation of the state herds and the revenue from the vassal regions allowed An Lushan to recruit elite warriors from the nomads, especially the Khitan, for his army. He was supported everywhere by both the Sogdian merchants who acted as his spies and the official bureaucracy of Inner China.
A relative of Yang Guifei named Yang Guozhong aimed to succeed Li Lingfu as de facto dictator under the weak emperor. His attempt to remove An Lushan and balance his power in the northeast by forming a military group in the south angered the soldier. Du Fu, writing in mid-755, compares the poet An Lushan to a hawk:
In late 755, An Lushan announced that his battle-hardened warriors had been ordered by the emperor to escape the scheming courtier and led them to the imperial capital of Chang'an. In response, the courtiers captured and killed the son of the commander who lived in the capital. Within a month, the rebels captured the eastern capital of Luoyang, after which An Lushan stopped hiding under the name of the Tang ruler and proclaimed himself the first emperor of the new Yan dynasty.
The Tang army mobilized and gained a favorable position in a narrow gorge along the Yellow River, thus closing the road to Shaanxi Province. The military leaders prepared to defend the capital against the rebels, but Yang Gojeong suspected them of betrayal. Under his instructions, the Tang army was thrown eastward and the rebels were defeated in the first battle. Knowing that he was defeated, the emperor left the capital and fled to the west.
## Death
As An Lushan's troops marched victoriously across the Grand Canal and occupied the capital, the rightful emperor was captured by his own guards, who refused to obey Yang Guozhong's orders and killed him. The guards also demanded the death of the beautiful Yang Guifei. After a discussion, the emperor agreed. His death was described by the poet Bo Jiu in his famous poem "Eternal Sorrow".
In addition, An Lushan did not leave Luoyang because of worsening diabetes or some other disease that threatened him with total blindness. He fisted his fists in a sudden rage and lashed out at those close to him, including his trusted vizier, Li Zhuer. At the beginning of 757, the latter, supported by his weakened Lushan son, killed his sleeping master with a sword. For a while his death was hidden from the soldiers, and then Lushan's son, An Qingsu, was proclaimed emperor.
## Meaning
The An Lushan Rebellion, led by the Uyghurs rather than the Turks, showed the weakness of Tang power, which relied on field mercenaries to defend its borders. Six years after An Lushan's death, the rebellion was quelled and the Tang emperor returned to his ancestral capital, at the cost of pardoning the leaders of the rebellion, who even then only nominally recognized his rule.
An Lushan was the hero of the Turkish mercenaries guarding the northeastern border of the Tang state. Many commanders remembered his achievements and hoped to repeat them. After An Lushan, the Chinese attitude towards foreigners was full of suspicion. The entire subsequent history of the dynasty up to the accession of the House of Song in 960 represents a continuous series of rebellions and civil strife.
## Sources
## References
* E. G. Blank. The foundation of the An Lu Shan Rebellion. London: Oxford University Press (1955).
* Howard S. Levy, Biography of An Lu-Shan (1960).
* N. Ya. Bichurin (Jakinph). A collection of information about peoples who lived in Central Asia in the past. Institute of Ethnography named after Miklukho-Maklay AS of USSR. (1950) |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741870 | TAN (TV channel) | TAN is one of the first private television channels in Kazakhstan, opened in 1991. Broadcasting from the city of Almaty. It stopped broadcasting on October 1, 2021.
## History
The oldest private television company of Kazakhstan "TAN" was established in December 1990 in Almaty. It was broadcast for the first time on March 1, 1991. Laila Kalibekovna Beketova - Khrapunova has been at the head of the television company since its foundation. In the first years, the television company was located in the small basement of the building at the corner of Amangeldi and Kabanbai Batyr streets.
In 1998, the TV company "TAN" was sold and passed into the hands of politician and businessman Mukhtar Ablyazov.
In 1999, the management of "TAN" television company changed. The creative team moved to a multi-story building located at Dostyk 87, and the TV company was headed by Bakytzhan Ketebayev. News played a central role in the company's broadcast schedule. Journalists of the television company released many controversial stories for live broadcasting. Due to this, the popularity of "TAN" TV channel among Almaty residents has increased.
TV company "TAN" began to be political and gave preference to opposition forces in its materials. This was the time when a political force named "DVK" was born. On March 29, 2002, the antenna-feeder device of the TV station "TAN" located in the Almaty TV tower was shot with a sniper rifle. Broadcasting was stopped and the team was put on forced leave. In the end, the TV company was on the verge of closing down.
On September 16, 2002, "TAN" television company was sold to Armanzhan Baitasov, the then owner of "Channel 31" media holding. With the arrival of the new management, the new life of the TV company began. The new concept of "TAN" TRC as the city television of Almaty was approved, the television broadcast, which was interrupted for half a year, was continued, and the previous team was kept, and the production of original programs was put forward.
In 2008, TRC "TAN" moved to a separate five-story building located at Ulykbek, 40B. Broadcasting area expanded to Almaty city and Almaty region.
began broadcasting to the entire republic in September 2014.
On November 15, 2015, the name of "TAN" TV channel was changed to "ON TV". At the same time, the format of the channel has changed into a sports, entertainment, educational and business TV channel.
On September 22, 2020, the TV channel returned the previous name "TAN" (ТАН).
On October 1, 2021, the TV channel stopped working.
## Logos
*
*
*
*
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741837 | PSG FC | Paris Saint-Germain (PSG) (fr. Paris Saint-Germain) is a French professional football club in Paris. Ten-time winner of the French Championship, fourteen-time winner of the French Cup.
## History
### In the 20th century
At the beginning of the 1970/71 season, "Paris" and the newly formed "Paris Saint-Germain" club merged and started the competition in the second division of France. In the same season, he got a ticket to the top division. By the end of the 1971-72 season, the team had to split again due to lack of funds. "Paris" remained in the top group, and "Paris Saint-Germain" remained only one of the amateur clubs. Even dropped to the third division. But soon he returned to the top division and did not go down again.
He won his first prize in 1981: he won the French Cup. Growing at this rate, in the 1985-86 season, he became the champion of France for the first time.
### In the 21st century
In 2011, 70 percent of the club's shares were bought by Qatar Sports Investments. Within two or three years, such footballers as Jeremy Menez, Blaise Matuidi, Mohammed Sissoko, Javier Pastore, Maxwell, Alex Costa, Thiago Motta, Zlatan Ibrahimovic, Thiago Silva, Ezequiel Lavezzi, Marco Verratti, Lucas Moura, David Beckham came to the club, and the club France In the championship, he was isolated from others and went ahead. In the 2012/13 season, the team won the championship much ahead of schedule. He reached the quarter-finals of the UEFA Champions League.
Unai Emery took the reins of the club in 2016. In the 2016/17 season, the club did not become a champion, losing to "Barcelona" in the 1/8 finals of the Champions League. Despite losing 4-0 at home, they conceded three goals in the last minutes and lost 1-6.
In the summer of 2017, such stars as Neymar, Kylian Mbappe, Dani Alves came to the club. But they also could not help to win the Champions League, in 2017/18 they lost to "Real" in the 1/8 finals of the Champions League (1:3, 1:2). After this season, PSG won the French championship, but Unai Emery resigned as coach. He was replaced by Thomas Tuchel.
reached the Champions League final for the first time in the 2019/20 season, but lost to Bayern Munich 0:1. However, he became the champion of France for the ninth time.
At the end of 2020, Thomas Tuchel left the coach and Mauricio Pochettino came.
## Achievements
### International
* Cup Winners' Cup - 1996
* UEFA Super Cup - 1996
* Intertoto cup - 2001
### National
* Winner (10): 1985/86, 1993/94, 2012/13, 2013/14, 2014/15, 2015/16, 2017 /18, 2018/19, 2019/20, 2021/22
* Silver medalist (9): 1988/89, 1992/93, 1995/96, 1996/97, 1999/00, 2003/04, 2011/12, 2016/17, 2020/21
* Bronze medalist (3 ): 1982/83, 1991/92, 1994/95
* French Cup (14, record): 1981/82, 1982/83, 1992/93, 1994/95, 1997/98, 2003/04, 2005 /06, 2009/10, 2014/15, 2015/16, 2016/17, 2017/18, 2019/20, 2020/21
* French Super Cup (11, record): 1995, 1998, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2022
## Shirts
## Composition
2020/2021
\ <> ## Sources
## External links
* Official site (French) (English) (Spanish) (Port.) (Ar.) (Chinese) ) (japanese) |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741843 | Juventus FC | Juventus (Italian: Juventus Football Club [ju.ˈvɛn.tus]; Latin: iuventus - youth), also known as "Juventus of Turin", FC "Juventus" or simply "Juve", is the football club of Turin, Italy's oldest and famous club. The club is the record holder in terms of winning Italian championships and competitions. One of the best clubs of the 20th century. In 1985, Juventus became the first club to win the UEFA Champions Cup, the UEFA Cup, and the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup.
Relegated to Serie B due to scandal in 2006.
## History
### Creation of Juventus
On October 1, 1897, a group of football-loving friends met in Turin, a club that will leave its name in history. agreed to create. They studied at the "Massimo D'Acello" Lyceum. The oldest among the friends is 17 years old. Therefore, they call the club "Juventus Sports Club", that is, "youth club". Thus, the most prestigious club in Italy was created. Those who participated in the creation of the club: Eugenio Canfari, Enrico Canfari, Gioacchino Armano, Alfredo Armano, Luigi Gibezzi, Umberto Malvano, Vittorio Varetti, Umberto Savoia, Domenico Donna, Carlo Ferrero, Francesco Dapra, Luigi Forlano, Enrico Piero Molinatti, later Pia Crea, Carlo Favero, Gino Rocca, Guido Botto and Eugenio Secco joined. The first president of the team was Enrico Canfari, the stadium was Piazza D'Armi. And the uniform was pink. The headquarters of the club was located at 42 Umberto Street. In 1898, the club moved to Piazzi Street 4. On March 15, the Italian Football Federation was founded. That year, the first Italian championship will be held. But "Juventus" will not participate in this.
In 1899, "Juventus" Sports Club" changes its name to ""Juventus" Football Club". Juventus" plays games with such clubs as "Alessandria", "Milan", "Genoa" on its field. In addition, Juventus will be the first team to play with foreign clubs. Later, the club will be given the opportunity to play at Motovelodromo Umberto I. The uniform of the club is pink. But there was a mistake during the delivery of the orders, and "Juventus" had to perform in white shirts and white shorts.
### 1900—1909
On March 11, 1900, "Juventus" makes its debut in the national championship. In the same year, Juve won the Cup of the Ministry of Education. In its second championship, Juventus won its first victory by defeating the team "Kimnastika" with the score 5:0. But "Juventus" will lose to "Milan" in the semi-finals. Nevertheless, he wins the Enlightenment Cup for the second time. In 1902, university students join the team and a new president, Carlo Favale, arrives.
In the autumn of 1902, "Juventus" held its first Turin Cup competition. Beats "Milan" in the final and wins the cup.
In 1903, the club moved away from the pink uniforms and started wearing black uniforms sent from the city of Nottingham. And the headquarters of the club will change again, now it will be located on Pastrengo Street. This year, "Juve" reached the final of the Italian championship and lost to "Genoa" with a score of 3:0.
In 1904, the president of "Juventus" was the Swiss brothers-businessmen Marsan. They will fully hire the "Umberto I" field and install seats on the field. In the same year, "Juventus" went abroad for the first time to play football in Lausanne. And in the final of the Italian championship, he again lost to "Genoa" with a score of 1:0. But at the end of the year, he wins the university cup.
In 1905, Swiss Alfredo Dick became the president of "Juventus". He strengthened the club with his compatriots: Frederic Dick, Paul Arnold Walti and Ludwig Weberom, Jack Diment, Helscott and Englishmen James Squire and Goodley. The president bought a new office for the club on Donati street. "Juventus" was ready for the Italian Championship. As for the championship, it will be held in a different format: it will consist of three small rounds and one big round. And the best two teams will play the final game. This year, "Juventus" made a great performance and became the best team in Italy for the first time.
1905/06 season "Juventus" begins with a victory in the Luigi Bocino competition. In the first big round of the championship, "Juventus" will score the same points as "Milan". The fight for the first place ended in a 1:1 draw. The Italian Football Federation proposes to hold the final match at the stadium of the Milanese club. But "Juventus" refused. Thus, "Milan" won the championship.
"Juventus" starts the 1906/07 season again with a victory in the Bocino competition. But it takes only third place in the championship. In the same year, Alfredo Dieck considered moving the team abroad and changing the team name to "Jugend Fussballverein", but the team members were against it. And Alfredo Dick left the team and founded a new club called "Torino". Many foreign footballers of "Juventus" go there. With Dick's departure, Juventus will be without any funds. Even the field "Umberto I" cannot be rented. The next president of the club will be Carlo Vittorio Varetti.
With financial problems, "Juventus" will perform again at D'Armi Stadium. In the 1908 Italian Championship, "Juventus" lost to the "Andrea Doria" club. That year, Juventus won two competitions—Pablo Dables and Pioneristics. In 1909, "Juventus" wins the Italian federal championship. And the Italian takes the third place in its group in the championship.
### 1910—1919
In the 1909-1910 season, "Juventus" took 3rd place in the Italian championship, the following year, due to the addition of new teams from the north-eastern part of Italy, "Juventus" " took only 8th place in the championship, and next year will take 9th place. And in the 1912/1913 season, Juventus performed poorly again and took the last place in its group.
In 1913, Giuseppe "Bino" Hess, a former football player of the club, came to "Juventus", and in that year, "Juventus" took the 4th place in the championship.
The next championship was not completed due to the impact of the First World War. 170 members of Juventus left for the war, and the rest will participate in the "Italian Federal Cup" and finish 2nd in their group.
### 1920—1930
The team returns to the competition after the First World War: Juventus goalkeeper Giacone and defenders Novo and Bruna are the first football players to receive a call-up to the Italian national team among the Bianconeri. will be. The president of the club at that time, the poet and writer Corradino Corradini, wrote a hymn that was used until the 60s. 1923 was a special year for the club: Giampiero Combi made his debut in the team and would become one of the club's great goalkeepers in the future. On July 24, at the shareholders' meeting, Edoardo Agnelli, the son of the founder of the famous FIAT car brand, Giovanni Agnelli, was appointed the president of the club. Juventus will move to the Stadio Corso Marseille this year. With such players as Combi, Rosetta, Munerati, Bigatto and Grabbi in their ranks, "Juventus" is starting to grow in Italian football along with the number of fans. The coach of the team will be the former Hungarian football player, experienced specialist Yenyo Karoi. In addition, the then famous left winger Ferenc Hirzer will join the club.
The 1925/26 season was very successful for Juventus. This is because the team won the second Scudetto without conceding a single goal in all 9 games, beating Bologna in the final. Ferenc Hirzer, the team's best shooter, scored 35 goals that season.
In 1926/27, "Juventus" was third. And in 1928, under the influence of the Fascists led by Mussolini, a law was issued banning foreign football players from playing in Italy. As a result, Viola left the team, and Juventus took only third place in Group B. Raimundo Orsi, Caligaris, Combi and Rosetta were bought instead.
In the 1928/29 season, "Old Signora" took second place in Group B. This year, Juventus participated in the Mitropa Cup for the first time and reached the quarterfinals.
### 1930-1950
In the 1930s, Juventus took 3rd place in the championship under the leadership of George Aitken. And next year, new specialist Carlo Carcano came to the club and opened bright pages of history. Under Carlo Carcano, Juventus won the league title five times in a row. And in the Mitropa Cup, he reached the semi-finals four times in a row. This period in the history of "Juventus" was called "Golden Five Years".
1935 will be remembered in the history of "Juventus" as the death of the club president. On July 14, Eduardo Agnelli dies in a plane crash in Genoa. This affected the club and Juventus only finished 5th in 1935/36. In the 1940s, the club recovered and even won the Coppa Italia twice.
In the 1942/43 season, Juventus players were not paid a month's salary for losing to "Roma" and "Vicenza". "Juventus" took 3rd place in Italy in 1946, 2nd in 1947, 3rd in 1948, and 4th in 1949.
### 1950-1970
With the support of the fans, Juventus won the Scudetto in 1950 and 1952. In 1953, Giovanni Agnelli resigned. Two years later, his younger brother Umberto became the club's youngest president at the age of 22. In 1957, John Charles and future Ballon d'Or winner Omar Sivori came to the club. These two took Juventus to 1st place in 1957/1958. Thanks to this achievement, the 1st star appeared above the club emblem.
In 1959/60, "Juventus" became the first club in the history of Italy to win the championship and the cup. The following year, Juve won the championship again. And the team won the next Scudetto only in 1967.
### 1970—1990
On July 13, 1971, Boniperti became the new president of the club. The Boniperti era began with two consecutive championship victories (1971/72 and 1972/73). It was the start of nine Scudettos, the first UEFA Cup in 1977, the Cup Winners' Cup in 1984 and the Champions League.
In 1980, Fabio Capello was replaced by Arsenal's Irish midfielder Liam Brady.
On May 29, 1985, one of the greatest tragedies in the history of world football took place in the UEFA Cup final in Eisele. Before the start of the game, 39 people were killed with impunity for unknown reasons. Despite this, Juventus won the UEFA Cup and had the opportunity to participate in the Intercontinental Cup in Tokyo. In the final game, he defeated the Argentinian "Boca" and became the World Champion.
### 1990-2013
In 1990, Vittorio Caizzotti succeeded Gianpiero Boniperti as the president of Juventus. Three years later, the club won its third UEFA Cup, but the club would not be lucky in the championship. The head coach of the team was Marcello Lippi, and players such as Ciro Ferrara, Paulo Souza, Didier Deschamps, Gianluca Vialli, Roberto Baggio appeared in the team. In addition, Alessandro Del Piero came to the club from "Padua", the player who wrote most of the club's records under his name. In 1994/95, Juventus won the Italian championship and cup. The victory in the championship gave the club a place in next year's Champions League. Real Madrid lost in the quarter-finals, Nantes in the semi-finals, and in the regular time of the final game in Rome, they drew 1:1 with Ajax.
"Juventus" players hit all their balls from eleven meters, and the team's goalkeeper Peruzzi knocked out two opponent's balls. Jugovic scored the last goal and the team won the Champions League.
In the following years, new players such as Zinedine Zidane, Filippo Inzaghi, Edgar Davids appeared in the club. After winning the Intercontinental Cup in Tokyo, Juventus returned to the top of the world. Juventus won the Scudetto two years in a row in 1996/97 and 1997/98. And in the Champions League, the club was unlucky, losing twice in the final. On November 8, 1998, Del Piero suffered a serious injury in a match against Udinese. And Marcelo Lippi gave his place to Carlo Ancelotti.
Marcello Lippi replaced Ancelotti, who had no success in his two years at Juventus. At that time, the team was without Zidane and Inzaghi. Zidane moved to Real Madrid for a record 75 million euros. Carlo Ancelotti, coach of "Milan", who served as the head coach of "Juventus" and Inzaghi, demanded to see this player in his team. Later, he moved to Milan for 31 million euros. But new players like Buffon, Thuram and Nedved came to the team. Marcelo Lippi led Juventus to championship wins in 2001/2002 and 2002/2003. In addition, they reached the final and lost to "Milan" in the final. In 2004, Lippi left Juventus and became the coach of the Italian national team.
Fabio Capello, coach of "Roma", replaced Marcelo Lippi. Emerson, Fabio Cannavaro and Zlatan Ibrahimovic came to the club with him. Under Fabio Capello, the "Old Signora" won the championship two years in a row, and the club was unlucky in the Champions League.
In May 2006, an investigation by the Turin prosecutor's office reported corruption in Italian football. This case became known in the press as "Calciopoli". As a result, Juventus lost all the trophies they had won in 2004/2005 and 2005/2006 and were relegated to Serie B with 30 points. Didier Deschamps became the new coach of the club at such a difficult time.
Six players who did not want to play in Serie B left for other clubs: Emerson, Fabio Cannavaro, Gianluca Zambrotta, Lilian Thuram, Patrick Vieira and Zlatan Ibrahimovic. Juventus, which has lost many players, has now filled its squad with young players. Federico Balzaretti, Claudio Marchisio and Raffaele Palladino, who are known all over Italy, joined the club later. "Juventus" won Serie B and qualified for Serie A. Didier Deschamps left the club after a disagreement with the club's management.
In June 2007, Claudio Ranieri became the new coach of the club. He was in the club for two years. In the first year, he immediately took third place in the championship. And next year, Ciro Ferrara left the club with 2 rounds left before the end of the championship, and Ciro Ferrara, who took his place, won the last 2 rounds, and the club took 2nd place.
In 2009/2010, Ciro Ferrara was replaced by Alberto Zaccheroni due to Juventus' poor performance. But he could not bring the club to great success. During his time, "Juventus" lost from the Europa League in the 1/8 finals. And in the championship of Italy, he took the 7th place.
In 2010/11, new president Andrea Agnelli came to the club. Luigi Del Neri, the coach of the former Sampdoria club, became the coach of the club. Under Del Neri's leadership, the club finished 7th in the championship and tied the 6th game in its group in the Europa League.
Antonio Conte came to the club instead of Del Neri in May 2011. "Juventus" was also given a new field. It was called "Juventus Stadium". This year, Juventus won the Scudetto for the first time since Calciopoli, with a great performance and without losing a single game. This season was Del Piero's last. He continued his career in the Australian club "Sydney".
The next Scudetto was won by "Juventus" in 2012/2013.
## Achievements
### National achievements
* Italian championship: Italian champion: 1905, 1925/26, 1930/31, 1931 /32, 1932/33, 1933/34, 1934/35, 1949/50, 1951/52, 1957/58, 1959/60, 1960/61, 1966/67, 1971/72, 1972/73, 1974/75 , 1976/77, 1977/78, 1980/81, 1981/82, 1983/84, 1985/86, 1994/95, 1996/97, 1997/98, 2001/02, 2002/03, (2004/05, 2005/06), 2011/12, 2012/13, 2013/14, 2014/15, 2015/16, 2016/17, 2017/18, 2018/19, 201/20
* Italian champion: 1905, 1925 /26, 1930/31, 1931/32, 1932/33, 1933/34, 1934/35, 1949/50, 1951/52, 1957/58, 1959/60, 1960/61, 1966/67, 1971/72 , 1972/73, 1974/75, 1976/77, 1977/78, 1980/81, 1981/82, 1983/84, 1985/86, 1994/95, 1996/97, 1997/98, 2001/02, 2002 /03, (2004/05, 2005/06), 2011/12, 2012/13, 2013/14, 2014/15, 2015/16, 2016/17, 2017/18, 2018/19, 201/20 \< > * Coppa Italia: 101937/38, 1941/42, 1958/59, 1959/60, 1964/65, 1978/79, 1982/83, 1989/90, 1994/95, 2014/15
1937/38, 1941/42, 1958/59, 1959/60, 1964/65, 1978/79, 1982/83, 1989/90, 1994/95, 2014/15
* Italian Super Cup: 61995, 1997 , 2002, 2003, 2012, 2013
* 1995, 1997, 2002, 2003, 2012, 2013
* Series B: 12006/07
* 2006/07
### International achievements
* Champions League: 21985, 1996
* 1985, 1996
* UEFA Cup Winners' Cup: 11984
* 1984
* UEFA Cup: 31977, 1990, 1993 \< > * 1977, 1990, 1993
* UEFA Super Cup: 21984, 1996
* 1984, 1996
* Intertoto Cup: 11999
* 1999
* Joan Gamper Cup: 12005
* 2005
* Alpine Cup: 11963
* 1963
* Turin Cup: 21902, 1903
* 1902, 1903
### Intercontinental Achievements
* Intercontinental cup: 21985, 1996
* 1985, 1996
## Team
## Club trainers
## Club presidents
## Famous football players
### Best scorers of Serie A
* 1925/1926 — Ferenc Hirzer (35)
* 1932/1933 — Felice Borel (29)
* 1933/1934 — Felice Borel (31)
* 1947/1948 — Giampiero Boniperti (27)
* 1951/1952 — John Hansen (30)
* 1957/ 1958 — John Charles (28)
* 1959/1960 — Enrique Omar Sivori (27)
* 1979/1980 — Roberto Bettega (16)
* 1982/1983 — Michel Platini (16)
* 1983/1984 — Michel Platini (20)
* 1984/1985 — Michel Platini (18)
* 2000/2001 — David Trezeguet (24)
* 2007/2008 — Alessandro Del Piero (21)
### Top scorers of Serie B
* 2006/2007 — Alessandro Del Piero (20)
### Golden Ball winners
* 1961 — Enrique Omar Sivori
* 1982 — Paolo Rossi
* 1983 — Michel Platini
* 1984 — Michel Platini
* 1985 — Michel Platini
* 1993 — Roberto Baggio
* 1998 — Zinedine Zidane
* 2003 — Pavel Nedved
* 2006 — Fabio Cannavaro
### World Champions
Juventus players who won the World Championship:
\ <> * Gianpiero Combi — 1934
* Raimundo Orsi — 1934
* Giovanni Ferrari — 1934
* Umberto Caligaris — 1934
* Virginio Rosetta — 1934
* Luigi Bertolini — 1934
* Luis Monti— 1934
* Mario Varlien — 1934
* Felice Borel — 1934
* Alfredo Foni — 1938
* Pietro Rava — 1938
* Dino Zoff — 1982
* Gaetano Shirea — 1982
* Claudio Gentile — 1982
* Paolo Rossi — 1982
* Antonio Cabrini — 1982
Marco Tardelli — 1982
* Thomas Hessler — 1990
* Didier Deschamps — 1998
* Zinedine Zidane — 1998
* David Trezeguet — 1998
* Gianluigi Buffon — 2006
* Fabio Cannavaro — 2006
* Gianluca Zambrotta — 2006
* Mauro Camoranesi — 2006
* Alessandro Del Piero — 2006
### UEFA Players of the Year
UEFA Juventus players named player of the year:
* 2003 — Gianluigi Buffon
### European champions
Juventus players named European champions:
\< > * Dino Zoff — 1968
* Pietro Anastasia — 1968
* Giancarlo Bercellino — 1968
* Sandro Salvadore — 1968
* Michel Platini — 1984
* Zinedine Zidane — 2000
* David Trezeguet — 2000
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741890 | Spain — Malta football matches (1983) | The Spain-Malta football match (Spanish: Partido de clasificación para la Eurocopa entre España y Malta) is a qualifying match for the 1984 European Championship. The Spanish team won with a score of 12:1. This game went down in history as the most controversial match ..
## Review
(Article by Saken Sybanbai)
### Before the match
At first glance, there shouldn't be any sensation in group 7. Experts who expected that the fight for the first place will be between the Spaniards and the Netherlands, and the other three teams will be locked in the middle of them, in general, were not wrong. At the end of the race, the two runners scored the same points and stood next to each other in the standings. Now they both have one game left, and interestingly, they both host Malta. On December 17, 1983, the football players of the small island-state, which has been distributing points to all the people, visited Rotterdam and lost with a score of 0:5. After that, before the last match in Seville on the 21st of this month, the situation of the Spanish national team became even more difficult. No, no, defeating Malta is not trivial for them, the most difficult thing is to win with a big score. Because the goal difference of the Netherlands with 13 points is 22:6, and the score of the Spaniards with 11 points is much worse - 12:7. Therefore, in the event of a tie, the Netherlands will win on goal difference. They need to beat Malta by 11 goals to overtake it. The Dutch, who did not believe in such a "fantasy tale", began to prepare for the draw of the final tournament, not worrying about the result.
But... the sensational information from Seville made not only them, but the whole of Europe go crazy: Spain - Malta - 12:1!
### Match
At first glance, this match, which is not worth paying attention to, is full of drama! The Spaniards moved forward. In the 2nd minute, forward Francisco Carrasco hit the opponent's goal and fell down. In the TV replay, it is clear that the rule of the game was violated "at the entrance" to the penalty area, that is, outside it, but the Turkish referee Erkan Goksel without hesitation pointed to the 11-meter spot. However, Juan Antonio Señor scored a very expensive penalty for the home team! In the 7th minute, a shot by Manuel Sarabia, who took advantage of a mistake by the Maltese goalkeeper, was deflected by a defender standing on the goal line. In the 8th minute, Victor Muñoz, who fought with the goalkeeper, "aimed right" at the other post: in the first ten minutes, the Spaniards should have scored three goals!
Finally, the first goal, which the fans have been eagerly waiting for, entered the net in the 16th minute (Carlos Santillana headed it right) - 1:0. Spanish football players were competing with each other to quickly bring the ball to the center of the field. In the melee, someone elbowed Maltese defender Simon Tortell in the nose and he was treated. Maybe the referee didn't notice who the bully was, somehow he didn't show anyone a yellow card. The game resumed almost two minutes later. In the 24th minute, the guests organized their only dangerous attack in this game - Silvio Demanuel's ball kicked from 25 meters hit Antonio Maceda's thigh, changed its direction, made the goalkeeper Francisco Buyo wide-eyed and put it into the net - 1:1! There are 65 minutes left in the game and the Spaniards still need to score those 11 goals!
Having understood this, the students of Miguel Muñoz started the work with a special will. In the 26th and 29th minutes, Santillana scored a double goal. The Spanish football players started the second half even more intensively. In the 48th and 57th minutes, Ipolito Rincón, and in the 61st and 63rd minutes, Maseda stood out - 7:1. After the break, the Maltese did not have a ball at all. In the 64th minute, Rincon got his second hat-trick of the game - in the next 135 seconds, poor John Bonello put three balls in the back of the net! In the 76th minute, Santillana scored another goal and was ahead of his teammate again, three minutes later Rincon reached the "thousandth pass" from the side and repeated the performance of the "Real" striker - a double "poker" in one game, and the score was 10:1! The Spanish television commentators are counting not the scored goals, but how many they need to enter the goal, and they are remembering - four, three, two... In the 80th minute, Senor kicked from a distance, and the weak shot turned out to be an indispensable pass to Sarabia, who was in front of the goal - 11:1!
84th minute. The culmination of the Spanish performance that shocked half the world! And what a symbolic moment! In the 3rd minute, Senor, who failed to score a penalty, tried to atone for his next shot, but it hit Demanuel, the author of Malta's only sensational goal, and found peace in the net - 12:1!!! Overjoyed, the Spanish football players took Miguel Muñoz, the chief director of the play, to the green field of the Benito Villamarin stadium in Seville. Spain surpassed its main rival not only in terms of goal difference, but also in terms of its total number - 24:8 (and the Dutch 22:6).
### After the match
Angry Dutch officials sent a protest letter to UEFA, demanding proof that the match was "consensually arranged" and then punishing Spain for "unsportsmanlike behavior". asked to be punished. But the leaders of European football studied the match and studied it for a long time and could not find any key to say "oh, the bottom of this is raw". There is no way they can catch it! Thus, the Spaniards qualified for the final tournament, and the Dutch watched the championship only on television.
### Details
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741895 | Biġajsa Medeuova | Bigaysha Medeuova (born on December 14, 1952 in the village of Karatogan, Narynkol district, Almaty region (now Rayymbek district)) is a poet, poet of Aytis, teacher. Member of the Writers' Union of Kazakhstan.
In 1976, he graduated from the Faculty of History of the Kazakh National University named after Al-Farabi.
He started his career as a teacher of history and music in the village of Karatogan. He worked as a deputy director for educational work in schools in Narynkol, Talgar, Ile districts.
In the field of pedagogy, he is the author of "Contextualization of the text with an algorithm, preparation for UNT through paired narration", auxiliary tool "Ten methods of preparation for UNT", poster series "Kazakh ethnogenesis", electronic textbook.
## Creativity
Bigaysha Medeuova has been working for the last 50 years, making a special contribution to the development of the country's culture, including literature. He has established his own position in the genres of written poetry and sayings:
participated in national level sayings. In 1987, his poems were included in the collective collection "Leaves of my soul" published by "Zhalin" publishing house. In 2003, the collection of poems "Ularsaryn" was published by "Ush Kiyan" publishing house
Between 1970-2000, he participated in more than 30 regional and national contests and won prizes. In particular, for the 50th, 60th, 70th, 80th anniversary of the poet M. Makatayev, K. Zhubanov's 90th birthday, Zh. Zhabaev's 150th birthday, S. He was awarded the prize-winner of the republican contests dedicated to Aronuly's anniversary, etc.;
The author of the poetry books "The Leaves of My Soul", "Ularsaryn", "Beauties on White Horses", "Cities Stretching Their Hands to the Sun", "Holding a Flag on the Sacrifice". His poems are included in "Almaty Anthology" and "Anthology of Kazakh Poetry". In recent years, he has written the books "The Last Battle of Alaman Girls", "The Front of Life".
In the last fifty years, the collections of poems "Zhalin", "Kazakh literature", "Zhuldyz", "Mother language", "Tangsholpan" etc. .b is regularly published in the republican periodicals and magazines
In 2012, a large-scale literary creativity event was held in the Writers' Union of Kazakhstan
## Awards
* Awarded the Certificate of Honor of the Central Committee of Kazakhstan in 2000 Awarded with the "Y. Altynsarin Award" for significant achievements in education and upbringing of the young generation in 2008. "Honored citizen of Raimbek District" for his long-term contribution to the development of public and cultural life of Raimbek District in 2011.
* In 2021, the laureate of the International Alash Prize (for the book Cities Reaching Out to the Sun)
* In 2021, he was awarded with a medal commemorating 30 years of Independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741976 | Kazakh Transport and Communication Academy | ALT University named after Mukhamedzhan Tynyshbayev is a private higher educational institution in Kazakhstan. ALT University currently trains competitive specialists in the field of transport, communication and economy. At ALT University, more than 65% of the educational and scientific process is carried out by highly qualified professors, associate professors and teachers with the degrees of doctors and candidates of science. The academy has colleges located in Astana, Almaty, Aktau, Aktobe and Shymkent.
## History
The history of the higher educational institution begins in 1931, when the educational institution opened in Almaty as a branch of mechanical, user and road engineering professions of the Institute of Central Asian Railway Engineers located in Tashkent.
In 1957, the above-mentioned branch was changed to Educational-consultation point.
From October 1, 1967, the above educational and consulting center was reorganized as the Almaty branch of TashIIT.
On May 20, 1976, the mentioned branch was established as the Almaty Institute of Railway Transport Engineers (AlTZHII).
On January 1, 1991, on the basis of the Almaty branch of the Ust-Kamenogorsk Construction and Road Institute, the Almaty Automobile and Road Institute (ААЖЙ) was established.
On May 7, 1996, the Academy of Transport and Communications (KazKKA) was established on the basis of educational institutions of the Almaty Institute of Railway Engineers and the Almaty Automobile and Road Institute.
On May 23, 2000, the Kazakh Academy of Transport and Communications was named after Mukhamedzhan Tynyshbaev, a major public and political figure, creator and creator of the Turkestan-Siberian highway project, the first Kazakh road engineer.
From 2021, a new era of the Academy of Logistics and Transport has begun.
## Sources
## External links |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741926 | Luke Cayoli | Luca Caioli (born 1958 in Milan, Italy) is an Italian sports journalist and journalist. The biographies of the football players were unrecognizable. * The journalist Luca Caioli also gives the size with his first novel
* Luca Caioli, the biographer of football cracks (Isp.)
* werkstatt. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741997 | relaxed | Uzynshor is a lake located in the Karakum desert in the Dashogiz region of Turkmenistan.
The lake was formed at the beginning of the 21st century as a result of the construction of the Iliyali bypass canal filled with Amu Darya water.
In the past, there was a Uzynshor gorge, a dehydrated salt marsh, at the place of the lake.
A dam was built in the north-western part of the lake to prevent water from flowing into the neighboring salt marsh.
A few kilometers to the west, the channel of the dry Uzboy River, which leads to the Caspian Sea, begins. When Uzynshor overflows with sewage, the sewage flows from the south and reaches Ozboy. Further along Ozboy, the water flows into the newly formed Tuzshor lake. Further, the water flowing to the southwest enters the artificial reservoir created by the dam in Ozboy. In the future, the Turkmen government plans to extend the channel to the Karashor salt marsh and fill the Altyn Asyr lake.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741969 | Ақсақатасай | Aksakatasay (Uzb. Oqsoqotasoy, Оксокотасой) is a mountain river (say) in the Tashkent region, the largest left tributary of the Shyrshik River.
## Name
The name of Sai is based on legends about Aksakata. A local venerable saint is known by this name, thanks to which the river seems to have appeared.
## Hydrological characteristics
The length of Aksakatasai is 48 km, according to the National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan, the area of the water basin is 453 km², in the work of V. E. Chub, the water basin above the Karamazar village at its mouth is 456 km² is indicated. The average height of the catchment from Karamazar village is 1840 m. The river is mainly fed by snow and rain, so the water level is characterized by sharp seasonal fluctuations. The water in the river is abundant from April to June (especially in May), the water consumption reaches 72.1 m³/s, and from July to October, the water is low and decreases to 1.1 m³/s. The average annual water flow measured near the village of Karamazar is 6.14 m³/s, the annual flow volume is 193 million m³, the average flow module is 13.6 l/s km², the flow layer is 427 mm/year, 18-year monitoring (1941–1987 ), the coefficient of variability of the flow is 0.380. Aksakatasai on the left side and Ögem on the right side are the two largest tributaries of the Shyrshik and the only tributary that does not dry up all year round.
## River flow
Aksakatasai begins with the confluence of water streams in the southwestern part of the Shatkal ridge near the Tektash mountain. The source of Aksakata and the Revashte river are separated by a hilly plateau with steppe plants - the Aktakta gorge. At the beginning, it is a stream that flows through a narrow and deep rocky valley. At first, the stream flows in the western direction, then over the Sharyktau mountain and gradually turns to the northwest. At its mouth, before it flows into Shyrshik, it forms a wide rocky and gravelly valley.
in the district of Gazalkent city, it intersects with the main channel of Parkent. Gazalkent flows into Shyrshik in the lower reaches of the water junction (Barrage railway station is located on the right bank of Shyrshik). Development and extraction of inert (non-ore) materials are being carried out in the Aksakatasay's cone.
Tutamgaly, Konyrtek, Shuyldak, Alshaly, Ushbau, Kyrzhal, Chekhchim, Karamazar settlements are located on the banks of the river. The city of Gazalkent was built on the plain between the Galuasay and Aksakatasay rivers.
## Facilitation
In 2010, as part of the fight against floods and devastating floods, strengthening of the Aksakatasai embankment was carried out using concrete and stones. Bridges across the river were also repaired.
## Archaeological monuments
In the Middle Ages, there was a large city with a citadel, a shahrista (part of the central fortress) and a rabad (suburb) at the mouth of Aksakatasai, in the place of modern Gazalkent. In historical records of the 10th century, it is called Gazak or Ghazal.
## Paleontological find
In 2013, shark teeth were found in the Neogene sediments of the right bank of Aksakatasai (in the Neogene period, this area was flooded by sea water). The herd was found by students of the Faculty of Geology of the National University of Uzbekistan.
## Aksakatasai branches
Some tributaries of Aksakatasai (given in the order of flow): Karaungir (right), Tekeli (right), Arpatakty (right), Kashkasu (left), Kospa (left), Kyzylbastau (left), Nurekatasai (right), Arkyt, (left), Kazakhsay (right), Beldersay (right), Opashaksay (right), Shymsasay (right), Symshasay (right), Poshtalysay (left). The largest branches are Beldersay and Nurekata (Nurekatasay).
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741902 | Bergamask Suite | The Bergamasc Suite is a piano suite by Claude Debussy. He began writing it around 1890, at the age of 28, but changed it significantly before the suite was published in 1905. The third movement of this suite, "Moonlight", has become one of the composer's most famous piano pieces and one of the most popular pieces of music in the world. >
## History
Debussy initially (1890) did not even want to publish an early version of this piano piece because it was not yet fully developed, but in 1905, given the fame Debussy had gained in fifteen years The publisher believed that the work would be successful and accepted the composer's offer to publish the suite. Although it is unclear how much the work changed in the 15 years since 1890, it is clear that Debussy changed the names of at least two poems in the work. Among those poems, "Pasepied" was originally called "Pavan", and "Ai Saulesi" was originally called "Promenade Sentimentale". These names originate from the poems of Paul Verlaine. The title of the third part of this work is taken from Verlaine's poem "Moonbeam".
## Suite Structure
Bergamask Suite consists of four parts:
* Overture
* Menuet
* Clair de lune \ <> * Competitor
### Beginning
The first movement in the suite is written in the key of F major, with a moderato tempo marked as rubato. Its legato sections give the listener a light, flowing feel.
### Minuet
The second part is written in minor. Instead of repeating the articulation of the Baroque minuet from the beginning, Debussy abandons the low rhythmic emphasis of the first measures. Debussy's verse is light, delicate notes give it an arabesque character.
### Moonbeam
The third movement was written in D major. It is written in 9/8 meter and labeled "Andante Tres Presif".
### Pasepied
The last part is written in F# minor and marked "alegretto ma non troppo". Pasepied is a type of dance originating from Britain. This poem is fast and easy, with the left hand playing a continuous quaver or eighth note while playing the piano.
## Sources
## Additional Links
* Bergamask Suite: "Moonbeam" read here in English www.wikisource.org
* See Suite bergamasque at Cantorion.org |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742055 | 1980 European Football Championship | European Football Championship 1980 is the sixth European football championship for men. It was held in Italy from June 11 to 22, 1980. The German national team became the world champion for the second time.
* Eight teams participated in the final tournament for the first time.
* For the first time, the host of the final tournament received a direct ticket without participating in the selection.
* The GDR reached the final for the third time in a row (1972-76-80)
## Group tournament
### Group A
\< > ### Group B
## Third place
## Final |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741946 | Agatha Christie (top) | Agatha Christie is a Soviet and Russian rock band. Founded in 1985 in Sverdlovsk by Vadim Samoilov, Alexander Kozlov and Petr Mai. Under the name VIA RTF UPI, the band changed its name to Agatha Christie in 1988 after the author of detective novels and became one of the most prominent Russian rock bands of the mid-to-late 1990s. During the recording of the debut album "Second Front", Vadim's younger brother Gleb became a permanent member of the group. Since then, the composition of the group has been constantly changing, the Samoilov brothers have become the leaders of the group, alternating vocal duties. The Samoilov brothers, along with keyboardist Alexander Kozlov, were the group's main songwriters.
## History
The band's music has covered various genres in their albums, including gothic rock, post-punk, alternative rock, psychedelic rock, glam rock, art rock and hard rock.
In 2010, after the breakup of Agatha Christie, the former leader, singer Gleb Samoilov, together with keyboardist Konstantin Bekrev and drummer Dmitry Khakimov, formed The Matrixx.
## Group members
### "Golden composition"
* Vadim Samoilov - vocals, guitar, keyboard, arranger, songwriter ( 1987-2010, 2015);
* Gleb Samoilov — vocals, bass guitar, guitar, keyboard, arranger, songwriter (1988-2010, 2015);
* Alexander Kozlov - keyboard, bass-synthesizer, arranger, songwriter (1987-2001);
* Andrey Kotov - drums (1990-2008).
### Other members
* Lev Shutylev - keyboard (1989-1990);
* Albert Potapkin - drums (1989-1990);
* Peter May - drums (1988-1989);
* Dmitry "Zhylan" Khakimov - drums (2008-2010);
* Konstantin Bekrev — keyboard, bass guitar, backing vocals (2008-2010, 2015);
* Roman Baranyuk - drums (2010, 2015);
* Arkady Baranyuk — keyboard (2015);
* Alexander Radchenko - guitar, bass (2015).
## Discography
## Honors and awards
* 1991: Grand Prix at Open du Rock festival of young European groups (Burgundy, France);
* 1996, 1997, 2001: Ovation;
* 1997: Golden Gramophone Award;
* 1998: "World Music Awards" (Monte Carlo) in the category of best-selling foreign artist;
* 2004: Komsomolskaya Pravda, according to a readers' poll, Agatha Christie was the fourth most influential group in the history of Russian rock.
## External links
* May he rest in peace
* Project Thriller
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742023 | Raimbek batyr mausoleum | Rayymbek batyr mausoleum is the mausoleum of the Kazakh hero Rayymbek, who fought for the freedom of Kazakhs against the Dzhongar invaders, located on Rayymbek Avenue in Almaty.
## Construction history
During the civil war of 1918-1922, Raiymbek's tomb was destroyed.
In 1981, a granite stele was installed at the place where the hero was buried.
In 1992, architects B. Ibraev, Sh. Utepbaev and S. According to Agitaev's project, a mausoleum was built on the grave.
In 1994, on the initiative of the "Raimbek" historical and ethnographic association, a large tomb was built for the head of the famous hero. The mausoleum is a monument of historical, architectural and monumental art of republican significance.
The monument resembles a pointed roof with a new moon on top. Inside this tent is a sarcophagus containing the bones of a hero.
In 2005, a Koran book made of black marble was installed near the mausoleum.
In 2017, by the resolution of the Almaty city administration, the Rayymbek mausoleum was accepted into the communal property of the city of Almaty. The mausoleum is included in the list of objects of sacred geography of Kazakhstan of the "Spiritual Revival" program.
## Legends about the mausoleum
### Camel
In front of the high mausoleum there is a reclining statue of a holy camel. Before his death, Raimbek Batyr gathered his friends and relatives and said: "Wrap my bones in white felt and put them on a camel. "Wherever it sinks, bury it there." The camel had been walking for several days and sank here.
### Cemetery
The construction of a new building is in full swing at the place where the body of Rayymbek Batyr lies. It was planned to demolish the place of this dome and build a building. However, bystanders and old people warn that the remains of Rayymbek Batyr are lying there and express their opposition to demolishing this grave. Although the workers conveyed the request of the elders to the management, they did not listen. Out of desperation, the workers start leveling the ground. The equipment that came to excavate the grave turned off when it approached the head of Rayymbek. If Raimbek retreats after the grave of the hero, he will be burned. No matter how many attempts are made to break it, nothing will happen. Thus, this place is considered sacred among the people.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741990 | Futsal Championship of Kazakhstan 2024-25 | Kazakhstan futsal championship 2024-2025 is the highest league among professional futsal clubs in Kazakhstan. The championship will be held from September 23, 2024 to March 25, 2025. 12 teams from 11 cities of Kazakhstan participated in the championship. From this season, the Tulpar futsal club of Uaragandy joined the championship.
## Clubs
In the 2024-25 season, Aktobe club Rakhmet will not be able to continue playing in the Upper League. Karagandy Biosphere Club was expected to participate in the new season from Rakhmet.
At the same time, in the 2023-24 season, the winner of the First League, the Tulpar club from Karagandy, will participate in the competition as a new member of the Upper League. If two teams from the Karaganda region participate, the budget for futsal is likely to be divided in half.
## Transfers
### Kairat
Arrived
* It was reported that Alisher Sarsebayev became a player of the Kairat team. Sarsenbaev is a graduate of Aktobe futsal school. He spent the last season in "Aktobe", "Rakhmet" and "Baiterek". In the last two seasons, he scored 43 goals in 83 matches.
* Albert Akbalykov returned to "Kairat" after the end of his lease in "Gazprom-Yugra". he became the champion of Russia in the line-up of "Gazprom-Yugra".
* Erasyl Sharapidenov transferred from "Atyrau" to AFC "Kairat". The contract was concluded in the 2+1 format.
Left
* :Douglas Junior transferred to the Saudi Arabian club "Al-Ula".
* Ricardinho transferred to the Spanish club El Poso. Ricardinho played 22 matches for Kairat and scored 15 goals.
* The contracts of 24-year-old Madiyar Turlybekov from Semey and 20-year-old graduate of "Kairat" Daniyar Tynysbekov have ended.
* Igita transferred to Semey club.
* Arnold Knaub left the club due to the expiration of his contract.
* Goalkeeping coach Luizinho Cruz ended his career at the club.
### Semipalatinsk
* Baurzhan Omirbaev transferred to the Russian club "Ukhta". Three-time best player of the world Ferrao moved to Semipalatinsk from Barcelona. Ferrao will receive a salary of 30,000 US dollars per month in Semipalatinsk. Daniyar Tynysbekov, Madiyar Turlubekov's contract has ended. Batyrkhan Kenzhegali was released due to the end of the lease period in the club. Igita transferred to the Semey club. The goalkeeper was going to play with number 22 in the new club. Jomart Tokaev also said goodbye to the Semipalatinsk club at the end of the season.
Baurzhan Omirbaev transferred to the Russian club "Ukhta". Three-time best player of the world Ferrao moved to Semipalatinsk from Barcelona. Ferrao will receive a salary of 30,000 US dollars per month in Semipalatinsk. Daniyar Tynysbekov, Madiyar Turlubekov's contract has ended. Batyrkhan Kenzhegali was released due to the end of the lease period in the club. Igita transferred to the Semey club. The goalkeeper was going to play with number 22 in the new club. Jomart Tokaev also said goodbye to the Semipalatinsk club at the end of the season.
* The contracts of Belarusian Ruslan Lazyuk and Brazilian Guillerma Teixeira, Russian Rishat Kotlyarov have ended.
The contracts of Belarusian Ruslan Lazyuk and Brazilian Guillerma Teixeira, Russian Rishat Kotlyarov have been completed.
### Aktobe
* "Aktobe" striker Vladimir Zhigalko was dismissed. He defended the honor of "red-whites" for the last two seasons and this season became the second best scorer of the team, scoring 22 goals.
* 19-year-old Batyrkhan Kenzhegali returned to the "Aktobe" team after a one-year loan.
### Astana
Rovshan Guseili was a player of "Astana". Huseynli has been the goalkeeper of the "Atyrau" team since the 2022/23 season and left the team in March of this year.
* Olzhas Taibasarov, Timur Baltabayev and goalkeeper Andrey Golubnichy announced that they left the team.
### Ayat
* Goalkeeper Leo Silva has announced his departure from Ayat, he has 89 matches for Rudny club.
* 21-year-old "Ayat" graduate Kanat Auezov became a free agent. He spent the first part of the season in "Ordabasy", then in "Astana".
### Caspi
* Sergiu Benatti, who was the world futsal champion in Brazil, was appointed as the head coach of the Caspian futsal team.
### Success
Azerbaijani club "Araz-Nakhchivan" joined the successful player Kayke Aledes De Olivera.
## UEFA Champions League
A total of 56 futsal teams will participate in the 2025 UEFA Champions League. According to the ranking in April 2023, the top 4 national associations in Europe can have two teams (Kazakhstan, Portugal, Spain and Croatia). The winner of the previous season and the 8 teams of the mentioned country are immediately included in the list of 24 teams participating in the main round. The remaining 32 teams will start from the combined round.
Futsal clubs Kairat from Almaty and Semey from Semey will participate on behalf of Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan teams will start immediately from the main round.
Selection basket
Basket 10: hosts
* "Palma" (ESP, champion, 1)
* "Sporting-Anderlecht" (BEL, 2)
* "Kairat" (KAZ, 2)
* "Pristina" (KOS, 4)
Basket 11: seed position 4
* "Record" (POL)
* "Semei" (KAZ)
* "United Galats" (ROU)
Basket 12: seed position 3
* "Haladash" (HUN)
* "Plzen" (CZE) \ <> * "Hit" (UKR)
* "Dinamo" Zagreb (CRO)
Basket 13: position seed 2
* "Olmissum" (CRO)
* "Dobovec" ( SVN)
Basket 14: seed position 1
* "Sporting" (POR)
* "Cartagena" (ESP)
* "Braga" (POR)
Group 4: "Sporting" (POR), "Kairat" (KAZ, hosts), "Khaladash" (HUN), "Semei" (KAZ). The top 3 teams from four groups will qualify for the elite round.
### Tournament schedule
* First and main round draw: July 4
* First round: August 20-25
* Main round: 22-27 October
* Elite round draw: October 31
* Elite round: November 26 - December 1
* Final draw: to be determined
* Final: May 2025
* UEFA TOP-10 futsal clubs :
* UEFA TOP-10 futsal clubs:
* 1. "Sporting" (Portugal) - 68,168 points;
* 2. Palma (Spain) - 64,500;
* 3. Cartagena (Spain) - 34,500;
* 4. "Anderlecht" (Belgium) - 24 000;
* 5. "Kairat" (Kazakhstan) - 20 333;
* 6. "Olmissum" (Croatia) - 15 500;
* 7. "Dobovets" (Slovenia) - 14 000;
* 8. "Khaladash" (Hungary) - 13 000;
* 9. "Plzen" (Czech Republic) - 11 000;
* 10. "Hit" (Ukraine) - 11 000;
* ...17. "Semey" (Kazakhstan) - 8 000.
## See more
\ <>
## Derekkozder |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742019 | Football CSRO Cup 1968 (Final) | Football USSR Cup 1968 (final) — the deciding game of the 1967/68 USSR Cup. It was held on November 8, 1968 in Moscow.
## Match
### Details
## Sources
## Links \ <>
* Protocol |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742022 | Doomsday Clock | "Doomsday Clock" (English. Doomsday Clock) is a project of the first North American bomb makers, which was started in 1947 by the journal "Bulletin of Atomic Scientists" of the University of Chicago.
The cover of the magazine periodically features an image of a clock with hour and minute hands showing how many minutes until midnight. The time remaining until midnight reflects how tense the international situation is and the progress in the development of nuclear weapons. Midnight itself represents the moment of nuclear cataclysm. The decision to change the clock languages is made by the magazine's board of directors with the help of specially invited experts, namely 18 Nobel laureates.
At the beginning of 2023, the clocks switched languages, with only 90 seconds left until Doomsday - the closest distance in the history of the Doomsday Clock.
## Links
* Thebulletin.org section on the Doomsday Clock
* https://thebulletin.org/doomsday-clock/timeline / |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741999 | Ғалуасай | Galuasay or Ghalybasay (Uzb. G'alvasoy, Галвасой — "noisy, roaring river", G'olibasoy, Голибасой) is a mountain river (say) in the Bostandyk district of Tashkent region, the left tributary of the Shyrshik river.
## Hydrological characteristics
Galuasai is considered one of the largest tributaries on the left side of Shyrshik along with Karankolsai, Aksakatasai, Parkentsai, Kyzylsay. Above the village of Galuasai, the area of the river basin is 56.7 km², the height of the average catchment is 1260 m. The average annual water flow measured near Galuasai village is 0.334 m³/s, the annual flow volume is 10.5 million m³, the average flow module is 5.89 l/s km², the flow layer is 186 cm/year, according to 20-year monitoring (1980 - in 1999), the flow variability coefficient is 0.522.
## River flow
The source of the river lies in a deep gorge (separated from it by a highway) in the east of Bolshoi Shymgan mountain. Galuasai flows in a general north-west direction with an increasing slope to the north. The river channel runs through a valley with picturesque steep slopes.
Downward, the river valley widens, and the slopes of its banks become rough and smooth. There are settlements of Ushterek, Keltas, Akmasat, Galuasay on the banks of the stream, and the city of Gazalkent was built on the plain between the Galuasay and Aksakatasai rivers. The P-6 highway was laid along the river valley, for which two bridges were built across the river (in the area between Akhmasat and Galuasay settlements). To the northeast of Gazalkent, the stream crosses the P-12 highway and the Tashkent-Kozhakent railway. Further from the railway crossing, Galuasay flows into the reservoir of Gazalkent HPP at an altitude of 700 m. Its mouth passes through a ravine.
There are springs in the valley of Galuasai. Juniper grows in some places of the beginning, and a bunch of walnut grows above the village of Galuasai.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741983 | Kazakh National Agrarian University | Kazakh National Agrarian Research University (KAZU) is the first agricultural higher educational institution opened in Kazakhstan.
The Kazakh State Agrarian University was founded in April 1996 on the basis of the Almaty Zootechnical and Animal Husbandry Institute, founded in 1929, and the Kazakh Agricultural Institute, opened in 1930. On July 5, 2001, it was given national status and renamed Kazakh National Agrarian University.
It prepares qualified specialists for the agro-industrial complex, scientists-pedagogues for agrarian higher educational institutions. Over the years of the university's existence, more than 140,000 qualified specialists have been trained for the agricultural sector of the country, and they continue to make a significant contribution to the development of this field. Among them are 2 Heroes of the Soviet Union and 25 Socialist Workers, 70 members of the Supreme Council and Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan, many outstanding academicians, laureates of the State Prize, state and public figures, heads of science and agricultural production complex, more than 11,000 doctors and candidates of science and all of Kazakhstan. there are famous and honorable citizens who have shown it to the world. Currently, the university has 21 departments belonging to 6 faculties.
University scientists produced 47 varieties of agricultural crops and plants, 15 new breeds of animals, 30 types of vaccines, food and medical products, more than 500 doctor's and candidate theses were defended, 200 author's patents and certificates were obtained, 800- more than 10 thousand production proposals were made, more than 10,000 scientific works were published. The university is a member of the World Consortium, which unites 200 agricultural higher educational institutions, which has established close ties with higher educational institutions and scientific laboratory institutes of more than 30 near and far foreign countries.
## Faculties and educational institutes within the university
### Educational institutes
Social and humanitarian named after O. Suleymenov Institute of Education and Training, Institute of Advanced Training, Institute of Multilingual Education, Institute of Postgraduate Education, Institute of Student Contingent Formation
### Faculties
Faculties and educational institutes within the university: \ <>
* Faculty of Agrobiology and Phytosanitary
* Faculty of Technology and Bioresources
* Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
* Faculty of Forestry, Land Resources and Fruit and Vegetable Farming
* Faculty of Hydraulic Engineering, Reclamation and Business \< > * Faculty of Engineering
The university offers 52 undergraduate programs, 90 master's programs and 21 doctoral programs.
## Research institutes and centers
### Research institutes
Research institute of agro-innovation and ecology Scientific research of animalology issues instituteConsulting and agribusiness research instituteAgroengineering problems and new technologies research instituteForest scientific and innovative instituteWater problems and land reclamation research institute
### Research centers
Kazakhstan-Japan innovation center Kazakh-Korean innovation center Sustainable agriculture center
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742056 | 1984 European Football Championship | European Football Championship 1984 is the 7th European Football Championship among men. It was held in France from June 12 to 27, and the home team, the French national team, became the European champion for the first time. French football player Michel Platini scored 9 goals and set a record. Also, he is the only football player in the history of the European Championships who scored two hat-tricks.
## Group tournament
### Group A
\< >
### Group B
\< >
## Playoffs
### Semifinals
### Finals |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742057 | 1992 European Football Championship | European Football Championship 1992 is the 9th men's football championship held in 1992. It was held in Sweden from June 10 to 26. The last European Championship with eight teams. Unexpectedly, the Danish national team became the champion.
## Group tournament
### Group A
\< >
### Group B
\< >
## Playoffs
### Semifinals
### Finals
\< > ## Shooters
3 goals
* Dennis Bergkamp
* Henrik Larsen
* Karl-Heinz Riedle
* Thomas Brolin (1 - penalty)
2 goal
* Jean-Pierre Papin
* Frank Rijkaard
* Thomas Hessler
* Jan Eriksson
1 goal
* Jurgen Klinsmann
* Stefan Effenberg
* Igor Dobrovolsky |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741873 | The assassination of Donald Trump | On July 13, 2024, an attempt was made on the life of the former president of the United States and the main Republican candidate in the election, Donald Trump, who came and gave a speech at a rally in Butler (Pennsylvania). The FBI is investigating the shooting as a "conspiracy."
20-year-old Republican Party member Thomas Matthew Crooks opened fire during the rally and was shot dead by US security forces shortly afterwards. Crooks' bullet tore through Trump's ear and hit three other people, one of whom, a 50-year-old man, died instantly. Trump was put in a Secret Service car and taken to the hospital. On July 14, it became known that Trump was released from the hospital. Various politicians, including Joe Biden, spoke out against the assassination.
This incident is the first assassination of a US president since Ronald Reagan was shot in 1981.
## Shooting
Donald Trump came to the podium at 18:03 (UTC-4). About 10 minutes later, around 6:12 p.m., Thomas Matthew Crooks fired eight shots with his AR-15. Crooks could not be checked by security; he was outside the safe zone of the rally and was riding on top of a shed about 61-122 meters away from Trump. Reports indicated that a witness spotted a man in the attic with a gun and attempted to alert police minutes before Trump was shot.
When the shooting took place, Trump had blood on his right ear and face. He covered his ears with his hands and hid behind the pulpit. Soon he was picked up and surrounded by US Secret Service agents. As security tried to remove Trump from the podium, Trump raised his fist and yelled "fight, fight." Security shot and killed Crooks at the scene and took Trump to the nearest hospital.
## Victims
In addition to counting Trump, three other adult men who came to the rally were shot. One of them, 50-year-old Corey Comperator, died instantly, while the other two were seriously injured. Comperator used to be a firefighter. Her family and Pennsylvania Gov. Josh Shapiro say she died while shielding her daughters from gunfire.
## Criminal
On July 14, the Federal Bureau of Investigation learned that the criminal was Thomas Matthew Crooks, 20, a native of Pennsylvania. It is known that Cruz was a member of the Republican Party. He had no known convictions. The Pentagon found that he had no military service. He worked in the kitchen of a nearby nursing home.
## Consequences
According to the US administration, after the incident, President Joe Biden had a telephone conversation with Trump.
On July 14, it became known that Trump was released from the hospital and headed to New Jersey. According to local sources, Trump will play golf there.
According to RFE/RL, the assassination could deepen the partisan divide and fuel a debate about the nature of the use of force in American politics.
## Reaction
### Trump
Shortly after being confirmed safe, Trump spoke on Truth Social about his ordeal, thanking law enforcement officials and expressing his condolences to the families of those killed and injured.
### US representatives
US President Joe Biden criticized the assassination, said he would pray for Trump and his family, and said, "We can never turn a blind eye to this."
Several other lawmakers, including George W. Bush, Barack Obama, and Jimmy Carter, have launched an anti-assassination foundation.
## Sources
## External links
* Statement by Trump on the social network Truth Social
* Four US presidents were killed; others have faced violence, such as presidential candidates, Associated Press |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741859 | Гяз | Gyaz (Persian: گز) is the traditional name of Persian nougat originating from the city of Isfahan.
The word Gyaz is related to the word Gyaz-angebin, which means the juice of angebin, which lives in the Zagros mountains west of Isfahan.
The sweet milky juice encased in angebins is associated with the biblical manna from heaven. A sticky white substance is secreted from the anus of nymphs of psyllid species such as Cyamophila astragalicola and C. dicora, which live on Astragalus adscendens plants. This substance is harvested annually and mixed with other ingredients, including pistachios or almonds, rose water, and egg whites. This combination of ingredients gives the sweets a unique taste that distinguishes them from European nougat.
Modern varieties of gaz may not have insect secretions, instead using sugar and corn syrup.
## Preparation
Gyaz Hunsar, a sticky substance collected in the mountains, is placed in large copper vessels with other ingredients: egg whites, pistachios, almonds and rose water. Then this mixture of raw materials is stirred over the fire until it reaches the desired density.
Traditionally, gas is made by hand in the form of sweets 6-7 cm in diameter and 1 cm thick, and packed in wooden boxes (today they use cardboard, metal or plastic). Individual candies are sprinkled with flour so that they do not stick together.
With the introduction of automation, it is now possible to produce gas on a commercial scale.
## See also
* Turron
* Pashmak
* Kottab (sweet)
* Soan asali
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741980 | JD Vance | James David Vance (often abbreviated as JD Vance, English. JD Vance; August 2, 1984, Middletown, Ohio) is an American author, businessman, politician, lawyer, and former member of the Marine Corps, elected US Senator from Ohio, serving since 2023. Vance, a member of the Republican Party, is a candidate for vice president in the 2024 US presidential election. He is the first millennial to run for the position.
Vance, who served in the military and later graduated from Ohio State University in 2009 and Yale University in 2013, came to the public eye for his 2016 memoir, Hillbilly Elegy, which hit The New York Times bestseller list. His work, which was turned into an Oscar-nominated film in 2020, tells the story of Vance's experience of poverty, drug addiction and Appalachian culture as a whole growing up in the Rust Belt. The media wrote a lot about him during the 2016 US presidential election. Vance, who showed great opposition to Donald Trump's policies in the elections of the same year, supported him during the years of Trump's presidency, and was elected a US senator from Ohio in 2022. On July 15, 2024, Trump chose her as his running mate and vice-presidential candidate during the party's convention.
During his tenure in the Senate, Vance was described by various sources as a neoconservative, nationalist conservative, and right-wing populist politician. In the past, he has said he supports a ban on abortion at 15 weeks of age, but has said the ban does not include rape, incest or situations that endanger the health of the mother. Recently, Vance has slightly changed his views on abortion; he said he wanted abortion legislation to be a personal choice for states. He opposes same-sex marriage, though he says he doesn't want to reopen the debate. He is in favor of banning pornography. In addition, he expressed his opposition to the financing of Ukraine by the United States and said that it is correct to finance the Israeli army in the Israel-Hamas war.
## Childhood and Education
James Donald Bowman was born on August 2, 1984, in Middletown, Ohio. His mother was Beverly Carol (née Vance; born 1961) and his father was Donald Ray Bowman (1959–2023). He has Scottish-Irish blood. Bowman's parents divorced when he was a child. Soon after, he was adopted by his mother's third husband, Bob Hamel, and his name was James David Hamel.
Hamel grew up with violence and poverty from a young age, his mother was a drug addict. Hamel and his sister Lindsey were mostly raised by their maternal grandparents, James (1929–1997) and Bonnie (née Blanton; 1933–2005) Vanstar. Children also called their grandparents "Mamaw", "Papaw" (eng. Mamaw, Papaw). Both grandparents immigrated to Ohio from Kentucky.
After graduation, Hamel joined the US Marine Corps. He was then deployed to Iraq and spent six months as a war correspondent in late 2005. Hamel said that this period of his life was "among the most important years" that he gave importance to his life.
In 2009, Hamel graduated from Ohio State University with a degree in political science and philosophy. There he was one of the best graduates. During his studies, he also worked with Ohio Republican Senator Bob Shuler.
After his studies in Ohio, Hamel studied at Yale Law School, part of Yale University. He graduated in 2013 and became a doctor of legal sciences.
When Hamel got married in 2014, he officially changed his name to Vance, which belonged to his paternal grandparents.
## Early Career
After becoming a lawyer, Vance worked with Senator John Cornyn and then spent a year as an assistant judge in a Kentucky district court. Between 2016 and 2017, Vance was a Principal at Peter Thiel's Mithril Capital.
### Creativity
In 2016, Harper published Vance's Hillbilly Elegy. This work was on the New York Times bestseller list in 2016 and 2017. The New York Times called the book "one of the only works that can explain Trump's victory." The Washington Post called Vance the "Voice of the Rust Belt," while The New Republic called him "the liberal media's favorite exponent of White promiscuity."
Following the success of his book, Vance was scheduled to contribute to CNN in early 2017. In April of that year, Ron Howard made a film based on the book, which was released in select theaters on November 11, 2020. On November 24, it was also shown on the Netflix service.
### Legislation
In December 2016, Vance moved to Ohio, where he spoke about his plans to start a nonprofit organization or announce his candidacy for an elected office. Returning to Ohio, he founded Our Ohio Renewal. He was involved in education and the fight against drug addiction and solving other social problems mentioned in the book. However, the organization did not have much success, and it was dissolved after only two years. During the 2022 senatorial race, Vance's opponent, Tim Ryan, said the organization was created solely for Vance's political acumen. Ryan also accused the organization of meddling in state polls.
### Investments
In 2017, Vance became a member of an investment company called Revolution LLC. In 2020, he earned $93 million for this firm.
## Senatorship
### Campaign
In early 2018, Vance considered running for the US Senate against Sherrod Brown, but later withdrew. In March 2021, Peter Thiel gave $10 million to a committee to support Vance's potential candidacy.
Vance officially entered the race on July 1, 2021. In the November 8 general election, Vance won 53% of the popular vote against Democratic challenger Tim Ryan.
Before he went to the Senate, Vance had a strong opposition to Donald Trump. However, during the years of Trump's presidency, he changed his attitude and asked Trump for his support when he ran for senator. While Trump praised Vance as a "good man" and said he forgave him, he mocked his initial opposition to him and his subsequent plea for support, joking that "Vance is now kissing my ass."
### Service
Vance was sworn into the US Senate on January 3, 2023 as a member of the 118th United States Congress. He was the first U.S. senator from Ohio without experience in government since astronaut John Glenn, who took office in 1974.
Vance was blamed for his slow response to the 2023 East Palestine train wreck. His press office wrote about the incident only 10 days later.
## 2024 Presidential Election
On January 31, 2023, Vance endorsed President Donald Trump as the 2024 Republican candidate for re-election. Trump attended a private $50,000-a-head fundraiser with Vance on May 15, 2024 in Cincinnati.
At the Republican Party Congress held on July 15, 2024, the candidates of the party who will participate in the presidential elections of that year were selected. Donald Trump, whose candidacy for the presidency was officially announced, chose Vance as his running mate that day. In a post on his Truth Social account, Trump said of Vance:
David A. Graham of The Atlantic saw Vance as a possible future leader of the Republican Party. Trump's two oldest sons, Donald Trump Jr. and Eric Trump, supported their father's choice of Vance. Several media and industry figures supported Vance's inclusion on the ballot, including Elon Musk, David O. Sacks and Tucker Carlson are said to be all there is. The Heritage Foundation, the authors of Project 2025, also reportedly personally supported Vance's candidacy. In 2022, Sachs gave $900,000 to Vance's Senate campaign, while Peter Thiel added $15 million. While Elon Musk was initially reported to be giving away $45 million each month, Musk later said he planned to make "a much smaller amount."
In July, a former friend of Vance's at Yale Law School said that from 2014 to 2017, Vance would "continue to change his mind on any issue that affects every American" in pursuit of "political power and wealth."
By August 2024, Trump stopped attending various rallies, and instead it was only Vance who was "promoting" the Trump-Vance candidacy. Vance and Tim Walz, the two major party vice-presidential candidates, have agreed to debate on CBS News on October 1, 2024.
### Speech About Childless Women
Shortly after being named Trump's running mate, Vance said in a 2021 Fox News interview that "Democrats, including corporate oligarchs, are destroying our country, self-sufficient, or is ruled by a group of childless cat-keeping women and thereby destroys our prosperity.'' Jennifer Aniston, who spoke a little about her struggles with not being able to give birth due to health reasons, criticized Vance on her Instagram page, writing: "I really can't believe that I heard such a word from a person who could become the vice president of the United States in the future." Various social media users, media, and politicians criticized and mocked Vance's alleged sexist remarks. On July 26, 2024, Vance clarified these words on The Megyn Kelly Show: "It's not a criticism of people who don't have children, it's a criticism of the anti-family and anti-child policies of the Democratic Party."
Vance's comments about women and the childless have come under fire after the Fox News interview. In a 2020 podcast, she said childlessness "makes people sociopathic and in turn makes our country progressively more mentally unstable." Vance also suggested taxing people without children higher than people with children in an interview in March 2021. Speaking about his proposal, he added that "we should encourage what we think is good and punish people for what we think is bad." In a May 2021 interview on The Federalist Radio Hour, Vance said, "I think we have to fight against the anti-child ideology that we have in our country" and described people who pursue careers instead of having children as "sad, lonely and pathetic."
### Couch Hoax
On July 15, 2024, a hoax was circulated on the X social network claiming that in Hillbilly Elegy, Vance described masturbating using latex gloves placed between couch cushions. As a result, various Internet memes were created about it, and the Associated Press published an article denying the information, but it was soon deleted. At a rally on August 6, Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz, who was chosen as Harris' running mate that day, joked about the misinformation when he challenged Vance to a debate. The Harris campaign's talk of disinformation and its willingness to make it a "type of attack" in the election has drawn some media attention.
### Public reaction
Vance's candidacy for vice president was very bad news among the US people. In public opinion polls, the number of those who did not support him exceeded those who did; his net approval rating was -6, well below the +19 average for vice presidential candidates since the 2000s. That week, several Republican pundits and politicians called it a bad decision to put Vance on the ballot. These findings have been exacerbated by the rise in popularity of Kamala Harris following Joe Biden's failure to run for office.
## Political Position
During his tenure in the Senate, JD Vance was described by various sources as a neo-revolutionary, nationalist conservative right-wing populist politician.
When it comes to social issues, Vance is said to be a very conservative person. He supports legislation banning abortion and pornography, and opposes same-sex marriage and transgender surgery on minors.
### The Neo-Revolutionary Movement
Vance is said to support some features of the ideology of the Neo-Revolutionary movement. This movement argues that democracy, specifically liberal democracy, cannot coexist with freedom.
### Abortion
Vance opposes private abortion and supports bills to restrict abortion. Vance said he could support a federal ban on abortions at 15 weeks, similar to Norway and Denmark (12 weeks) and Sweden (18 weeks). He recently said states should set abortion laws themselves.
In September 2021, "Should the ban on abortion also apply to pregnancy resulting from rape and incest?" Vance said no. However, the following year, he contradicted his conclusion and said that abortion should not be prohibited for those who have a pregnancy resulting from rape, incest, or a pregnancy that could endanger the health of the mother.
### Women's Rights
Vice wrote that Vance "seems to suggest that in some cases 'even abusive' marriages should continue." Vance's strategist said it was "absurd" to suggest that Vance supports being in an abusive relationship given that Vance "was a victim of domestic violence as a child."
Vance is not in favor of women working.
### LGBT Issues
Vance opposes the Respect for Marriage Act, which recognized same-sex marriage at the federal level. He said: "I believe that marriage can only be between one man and one woman, but I think this issue is not relevant now. I'm not the type to tear apart people's families to solve this problem."
Vance introduced a bill that would make sex reassignment of minors a federal crime and prohibit taxpayer funds from being used for it, saying, "Under no circumstances should doctors be allowed to perform these horrific, irreversible surgeries on minors."
### Immigration and Border Security
Vance has criticized mass immigration, saying it lowers wages for working-class Americans, increases home prices and reduces social security.
### Relations with Donald Trump
During the 2016 US presidential election, Vance openly criticized Republican candidate Donald Trump. In a February 18, 2016, USA Today op-ed, he wrote, "Trump's specific policy proposals range from the immoral to the absurd." In addition, he classified himself as a "Never-Trumper" group of Republicans who say they will never support Trump.
By 2018, Vance began to change his views on Trump, and in February of that year, he even called Trump "one of the only leaders in America who knows that there is trouble in places like Ohio, Pennsylvania, and eastern Kentucky."
In 2020, Vance endorsed Trump. In July 2021, he apologized to Trump for his earlier criticism and deleted all of his tweets criticizing Trump. He said he now believes Trump is a good president and regrets what he said in 2016. On April 15, 2022, Trump endorsed Vance's candidacy for United States Senator.
### Global Warming
Vance downplays the effects of global warming. At one point, he even questioned the existence of the climate crisis.
### Foreign Policy
Speaking at the Munich Security Conference, Vance said he wanted the United States to stay out of NATO and shift its focus to East Asia. In addition, he demanded that NATO member states invest more money in the organization.
Israel
Vance supports the existence of the state of Israel, describing it as a "true ally" of the United States "culturally, morally, politically." He also claims that the US financed Israel in the Israel-Hamas war.
Iran
"Do you support military action against Iran?" after militants allegedly linked to Iran attacked US troops. to the question, Vance expressed concern about the serious escalation of the situation, saying that the case would be a "mistake". After Trump picked Vance as his vice presidential running mate, he backed the killing of Qassem Soleimani and said, "If you hit the Iranians, hit them harder."
Russia-Ukraine War
Vance has been highly critical of US military aid to Ukraine in the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war and has faced criticism from both parties for his views. In an interview, Vance also said: "I don't care at all what happens to Ukraine."
## Personal life
In 2014, Vance married Usha Chilukuri from Kentucky. Their marriage is an interfaith marriage; Usha is a devout Hindu, while James is a Christian. They have three children together. In the mid-2010s, Vance lived in San Francisco with his wife.
In August 2019, Vance officially converted to Catholicism in Cincinnati.
In 2017, Vance wrote in The New York Times newspaper that as a person who longed for the American dream since childhood, he found hope in Barack Obama's biography and realized that he should continue to work regardless of the problems at home; Vance also found parallels in Obama's biography regarding his early accomplishments: "prestigious legal educations, strong professional careers, and fame as a writer." However, Vance also noted his political differences with Obama.
## More information
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741948 | Nadezhda Troyan | Nadezhda Viktorovna Troyan (born Nadzeya Viktorovna Trayan; October 24, 1921 – September 7, 2011) was a Soviet Belarusian intelligence officer, a nurse in a partisan unit. He is best known for his role in the assassination of Wilhelm Kube, for which he and his colleagues were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union on October 29, 1943.
## Early Life
Nadezhda Troyan was born on October 24, 1921 in the village of Drissa, part of Vitebsk Governorate, Belarus, in a working-class Belarusian family. His family often moved to various parts of the Soviet Union, including Chechnya and Siberia. After completing the tenth grade of school with good results, he entered the Moscow Medical Institute, but after his family moved to Minsk, he transferred to the Minsk Medical Institute.
## World War II
After Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941, the German army quickly took control of Troyan's hometown, and he was forced to clean out Wehrmacht barracks. Later, he was assigned as a cook and worked with several POWs. He found an anti-occupation pamphlet in his yard and distributed several copies, but after his family moved to Smolevichi, he became more involved in the resistance movement when he learned that Nyura Kosarevskaya, a nurse colleague at the hospital where he worked, had helped the partisans. Troyan eventually won Kosarevskaya's trust, and because of his good German language skills, he helped the partisan unit as a translator. He began producing leaflets written in German aimed at Wehrmacht soldiers, then hiding them in the bottom of food containers sold to German troops, and whenever a German officer took him to Minsk, he smuggled weapons and supplies to the Minsk resistance. Later in the summer of 1942, the Germans became suspicious of him, so they forced him to oversee a mass shooting of alleged partisans. After that, she ran away from Smolevichi and started working as a nurse in the "Uncle Kolya" partisan unit. He was then assigned to the 5th Division, which derailed trains, destroyed German machinery, and helped escape Soviet prisoners.
In the spring of 1943, Trojan was given a dangerous task - to find someone to assassinate Wilhelm Kube, a high-ranking member of the SS and general commissar of Nazi-occupied Belarus. Troyan eventually finds a young woman named Elena Mazanik, who works as a maid in Kube's house and is the younger sister of another partisan, Valentina Shchutskoi. Mazanik is at first too afraid to trust Troyan, but after Mazanik's sister confirms that Maria Osipova is the one who will deliver the bomb, Mazanik is relieved and agrees to the plan. Mazanik plants the bomb, the assassination goes off as planned; On October 29, 1943, along with Troyan, all three members of the team were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Troyan continued to participate in the resistance until the end of the war.
## Later life
After the end of the war, Troyan graduated from the Moscow Medical Institute in 1947 and became a surgeon. After defending his PhD thesis in 1962, he became a candidate of medical sciences, then worked at the Central Research Institute of Healthcare of the USSR in the Ministry of Health, and finally became the director of the program. His son Alexei was a cardiovascular surgeon. Nadezhda Viktorovna Troyan died on September 7, 2011 at the age of 89 in Moscow.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742007 | Kazakhstan Institute of Management, Economics and Forecasting | The KIMEP University (English. The KIMEP University) is a higher educational institution in Almaty. It was established on January 14, 1992. At first, only masters are trained. Since 1999, students have been admitted to the bachelor's department. Bachelor's and master's departments prepare specialists in the fields of "Business administration and accounting", "Economics", "Public administration", "Political science", "International relations", "Journalism and mass media". Department of continuing education (evening) was established for studying without interruption from production. Classes are conducted in English. Distinguished professors and scientists-teachers of Kazakhstan invited from Europe, USA, Canada, Asia will give lectures.
## Educational service
* KMEBI has a license of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan to provide educational programs. On its last visit, that is, on April 14-16, 2008, the Ministry's attestation commission conducted attestation of all programs of KMEBI for a period of five years.
* KMEBI continues to work toward accreditation from the New England Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Higher Education.
* Today KMEBI offers fifteen programs. These include: undergraduate programs in business administration, economics, political science, public administration, and journalism; graduate programs in business administration, economics, law and English language teaching; as well as a doctoral program in business administration. In addition, KMEBI offers an MBA program for executives and a wide range of certificate programs and short courses.
* All academic programs are taught in English.
* The teaching staff of KMEBI consists of Kazakh and foreign teachers, most of whom received their master's and doctoral degrees from higher educational institutions of Europe and North America. Among the CIS countries, KMEBI had the largest number of teachers with Ph.D degrees obtained in Western higher educational institutions.
### Training programs
Students are trained in 4 bachelor's programs. — BSS (English. Bachelor of Social Sciences), BSV (English. Bachelor of Sciences in Business Administration and Accounting), BAE (English. Bachelor of Arts in Economics), BAIJ (English. Bachelor of Arts in International Journalism), LLB. graduate degrees — MBA, MPA, LLM and MaIJ.
### Studying in KMEBI bachelor programs
KMEBI bachelor programs are intended for high school graduates. It is based on a credit system, the main advantage of which is flexibility, as a result of which students can design their own timetable, taking into account their special interests and career ambitions. In addition, the credit system allows you to study at your own pace. For example, although the bachelor's program is usually completed in four years, the study period can be extended if necessary.
The curriculum of the undergraduate program is very broad. Of the 129 credits required for the degree, 48 credits teach math, science, critical thinking, and writing skills necessary for successful career development. In addition, students will get extensive knowledge in the chosen specialization and will have the opportunity to choose any subject according to their interests.
Most undergraduate students can take a double major from their department or take an additional major from another department of the faculty to further expand their knowledge. In many programs, you can choose to study without a specialization, which gives you more freedom to choose your electives and offers you greater employment opportunities after graduation.
Student practice is an integral part of many undergraduate programs of KMEBI. Internships allow students to apply theoretical knowledge in real-world situations, resulting in valuable practical experience before graduation. In addition, practice allows students to organize contacts with potential employers in the future.
All students of KMEBI undergraduate programs are supported by special counseling centers, staff of the center help students make important decisions regarding the choice of study program and future career.
## History of the Institute
KMEBI is the largest university in Central Asia working on the North American model.
* KMEBI on January 14, 1992, President of the Republic of Kazakhstan N. A. It was created by the decree of Nazarbayev. Classes started in August of that year.
* In June 1994, the first graduation ceremony of the students of the Master's program of Business Administration took place.
* KMEBI is an independent, non-profit educational institution that educates students of different cultures and nationalities.
* KMEBI is located in Kazakhstan, in the center of Almaty, the financial capital of Central Asia, in a modern student town. The material and technical base of KMEBI is the only preferred educational base among universities in the region.
### History
* 1992 KMEBI was established by the decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan N. A. Nazarbayev, and Dr. Bang was appointed as the first Executive Director. Master of Business Administration (MBA) and Master of Economics (MA) Programs are opened.
* KMEBI was established by the decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan N. A. Nazarbayev, and Dr. Bang was appointed as the first Executive Director.
* Master of Business Administration (MBA) and Master of Economics (MA) Programs have been opened.
* 1993 Graduate Program in Public Administration was opened
* Graduate Program in Public Administration was opened
* 1994 First graduates of KMEBI - 81 students of MBA and MA Programs
* First graduates of KMEBI - 81 students of MBA and MA Programs \< > * 1998 The Center for International Management Personnel was established in Montreal with the help of McGill University.
* The Center for International Management Personnel was established with the help of McGill University from Montreal.
* In 1999 four-year undergraduate programs in the field of Business Administration and Social Sciences were opened at KMEBI. For the first time, 424 students started classes in these programs.
* Four-year undergraduate programs in the field of Business Administration and Social Sciences were opened at KMEBI. For the first time, 424 students started classes in these programs.
* 2000 The Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan granted KMEBI a permanent license to conduct educational work in the field of higher and post-higher education. A bachelor's program in the field of economics was opened at KMEBI.
* The Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan issued a permanent license to KMEBI to conduct educational work in the field of higher and post-higher education.
* A bachelor's program in the field of economics was opened at KMEBI.
* 2001KMEBI became the first higher education institution in Central Asia to introduce a US-style credit system to all its academic programs. An online registration system was introduced.
KMEBI was the first higher education institution in Central Asia to introduce a US-style credit system to all its academic programs.
* On-line registration system has been introduced.
* 2002 The renovation of the Academic Building was completed and a modern Institute Campus was built. Academic programs were certified by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Cooperation and exchange programs with leading American, European and Korean universities were opened. Graduate programs in the field of journalism and mass media have been opened.
* Renovation of the Study Building was completed and a modern Institute Campus was created.
* Academic programs were certified by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
* Cooperation and exchange programs with leading American, European and Korean universities have been opened.
* Graduate Programs in the field of International Relations, International Journalism and Mass Media were opened at KMEBI.
* 2003 Undergraduate Program in the field of International Journalism was opened. Academic departments were formed into three faculties: Faculty of Business named after Bang, Faculty of Social Sciences and Faculty of Continuing Education
* Undergraduate Program in the field of International Journalism was opened.
* Academic departments were formed into three faculties: Faculty of Business named after Bang, Faculty of Social Sciences and Faculty of Continuing Education
* 2004KMEBI received the "Platinum Tarlan" award in the "Education" category. KMEBI is the only higher education institution in Kazakhstan that has received the highest independent award. The Faculty of Business named after Bang became a member of the AACSB International Association. The Master's Program in Economics was opened in cooperation with the University of San Francisco.
* KMEBI received the "Platinum Tarlan" award in the "Bleaching" category. KMEBI is the only higher education institution in Kazakhstan that has received the highest independent award.
* The Faculty of Business named after Bang became a member of the AACSB International Association.
* The Master's Program in the field of Economics was opened in cooperation with the University of San Francisco.
* 2006 The Business Administration Doctorate Program was opened. The construction of the New Research Library, which cost the Institute 3 million US dollars, was completed.
* Business Administration Doctorate Program has been opened.
* The construction of the New Research Library at the cost of 3 million US dollars has been completed.
* 2007 KMEBI opened the Master's Program in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages.
* KMEBI opened the Master's Program in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages.
* 2008 KMEBI opened a New Educational Building worth 10 million US dollars. President Nazarbayev visited the Institute, saw the new educational building and library, met with students, teachers and administration. KMEBI also hired 29 new teachers with doctoral degrees. offers additional specializations in jurisprudence.
* KMEPI opened a New Educational Building worth 10 million US dollars.
* President Nazarbayev visited the Institute, saw the new building and library, met with students, teachers and administration.
* KMEBI again hired 29 new teachers with doctoral degrees.
* The School of Law offers additional specializations in jurisprudence to undergraduate students.
## Faculties
* Bang Faculty of Business
* Faculty of Social Sciences
* Faculty of Education and Humanities
* Faculty of Informatics and Mathematics
* Law school
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742060 | 1992 European Football Championship (final) | UEFA Euro 1992 Final is the decisive game of the 1992 European Football Championship. It was held on June 26, 1992 at the "Ullevi" stadium in Gothenburg (Sweden). The Danish national team, which came to the championship in place of Yugoslavia at the last moment, unexpectedly beat Germany with a score of 2:0 and became the European champion for the first time.
## Match facts
* The second goal scored by Kim Wilford is the 200th goal in the history of European championships finals.
* In 2015, director Casper Barfoed shot a feature film called "Summer of 1992" (Danish: Sommeren '92). The film tells how the Danish national team won the championship in 1992.
## Match
### Protocol
## See more
* European Football Championship 1992
* Football team of Germany
* Football team of Denmark
## Sources
## Links
* EURO-1992 |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742061 | 1988 European Football Championship | European Football Championship 1988 is the 8th European Football Championship for men. It was held in Germany from June 10 to 25. In the final, the Dutch football players won the USSR national team with a score of 2:0 and became European champions for the first time. Marco van Basten's goal in the final was later called the "Goal of the Century".
## Group tournament
### Group A
### Group B
## Playoffs
### Semifinals
### Finals |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741867 | Turron | Turron (Italian torrone, Spanish turrón, cat. torró) is a traditional square or round pastry made from honey, sugar, egg whites and roasted almonds or other nuts. It is a traditional Christmas delicacy in Italy, Spain, and the Czech Republic, with some varieties common in France (under the name nougat) and Latin America.
## Recipe
Possibly the oldest published recipe (source in Spanish. Archived 24 September 2015. or archived copy in English .) turrona first appeared in a 16th-century Spanish "For Women appears in the manual" (Manual de Mujeres) — a collection of recipes for cosmetics and culinary recipes. The recipe says: “For every pound of honey, mix one egg white. Shake the mixture well and leave it for the whole day. The next day, reheat the mixture and cook, stirring constantly, until soft. And while cooking, add pine nuts or almonds or roasted and peeled hazelnuts. The degree of readiness is checked as follows: pour a drop of the food mixture into cold water, and if the substance turns out to be brittle after cooling, you can finish cooking. Remove the mixture from the heat, pour it into a mold and cut it into pieces.
## History
Nougat has been known in some form in the Mediterranean region since ancient Rome. The first mention of a modern delicacy dates back to the 15th century: it is known that torrone was served at the wedding banquet of Francesco Sforza and Bianca Maria Visconti on October 25, 1441 in Cremona, Italy. Turron was definitely known at least as early as the 15th century in the Spanish town of Gijon in the northern province of Alicante. Today, turron is widespread in most of Spain, some Latin American countries, and the French province of Roussillon. Torrone is a traditional Christmas food in Italy, especially famous for varieties produced in the Italian provinces of Bangnara-Calabra, Taurianova and Cremona. Small torrone-based candies called torroncini, with various flavors, fillings, and covered in thin wafers or chocolate glaze, are also common. Similar delicacies are also made in the Philippines, such as Turones de Pili, using pili nuts.
Some versions of the recipe are common in the Mediterranean.
## Varieties
Turron can be classified very roughly according to the degree of hardness:
* hard (Alicantian): whole almonds in a caramelized mass of egg whites, honey and sugar. It usually has the shape of a small rectangle.
* soft (quichonic): similar in composition to the hard version, but the almonds are first reduced to a paste-like state, and the addition of oil makes the finished turron soft and flexible.
The quality of the product is determined by the almond content in the initial mixture. Original Gijon turron should contain 64% almonds, Alicante turron 60%.
The composition and name of the product may vary depending on the region in which it is produced: for example, it would be torró d'Agramunt in the province of Lleida; Torró de Casinos from Valencian Casinos or Torró de Gat, a version with popcorn from the municipality of Cullera.
Three decades ago, turron was made in only two classic varieties, but now there are dozens of varieties: with chocolate, fermented rice, fruit or chocolate praline, liqueur, candied fruit, and even turron without sugar (fructose or artificial sweeteners).
Marzipan (mazapán) is a popular Christmas treat similar to turron. Yema, a dish made from egg yolks and sugar, is also popular in some parts of Spain.
A pastry called Turrones de Casuy produced in the Pampanga province of the Philippines can be considered a simplified version of turron: it is a marzipan bar with cashew nuts wrapped in a white wafer. Moreover, this delicacy is not associated with any holiday in the region.
Different types of Turron have the status of "Protected Geographical Status" under European legislation. This status confirms the original origin and appropriate quality of the product. Protected turrons include:
* Jijona (PGI) (Spain)
* Turrón de Alicante (PGI) (Spain)
* Turrón de Agramunt (Torró d'Agramunt) (PGI) (Spain )
Production of turron with such names is prohibited in countries and regions that are not the origin of the recipes. Other turrones, such as the Italian Torrone di Cremona, although they have protected status, are not restricted by region or country of production.
## Sources
## References
* Volkova G. I. turron // Educational Spanish-Russian linguistic and cultural reference dictionary. — M.: Vysh. Shk., 2006. — S. 562. — 656 s. — ISBN 5-06-004248-0.
* Sinclair CG turrón // Dictionary of Food: International Food and Cooking Terms from A to Z. — Second Edition. — London: A & C Black, 2004. — P. 593. — 632 p. — ISBN 978-1-4081-0218-3. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742063 | 2004 European Football Championship | European Football Championship 2004 is the 12th European football championship for men. The final tournament was held in Portugal from June 12 to July 4, 2004. 16 teams took part in the final tournament, Portugal and Greece met in the final, and the Greeks won 1:0 and became European champions for the first time.
For the first time in history, teams that played in the opening match of the championship will meet again in the final.
## Group tournament
### Group A
### Group B
### Group C
### Group D
## Playoffs
### 1/4 finals \< >
### Semi-final
### Final |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741852 | Alley of busts (memorial complex) | The memorial complex "Alley of Prominent Figures" is an alley of busts near the KBTU building in Almaty. It was installed in 1987 to those who participated in the movement to establish the Soviet government in Zhetysu.
## History
The memorial complex "Alley of Prominent Figures" was erected in 1987 on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the October Revolution on Lenin Square to the participants of the movement to establish the Soviet government in Zhetysu, party and Soviet figures.
The authors of the sculptures are famous Kazakh sculptors: T.S. Dosmagambetov, A.A. Isaev, H.I. Nauryzbaev, V. Yu. Rakhmanov, M.V. Rappoport, A.B. Tatarinov and Yu.V. Hummel; architects: A.K. Kapanov, K.Zh. Montakhaev, Sh.E. Ualikhanov, V.N. Kim, Sh. Utepbaev and S. Fazylov.
An individual bronze bust was placed on a granite prismatic plinth for each figure. All monuments are located individually. The front parts of the pedestals have engraved signatures.
The complex is a component of Astana Square, one of the main places of cultural events in Almaty.
## List of busts
* Alibi Zhangeldin is one of the organizers and a participant of the founding congress of the Soviets of Kazakhstan;
* Oraz Zhandosov — headed the political department of the 3rd Turkestan division and was a member of the Revkom of Zhetysu region;
* Mikhail Frunze is the military commissar of the Eastern Front;
* Amangeldy Imanov — a participant in the Central Asian Uprising of 1916;
* Turar Ryskulov is the chairman of the Muslim Bureau of the Communist Party of Turkestan;
* Magazy Masanchi is a member of the Communist Youth Union of Turkestan;
* Abdolla Rozybakiev is the chairman of the Verny section of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks);
* Valerian Kuibyshev — member of the Revvoensovet (RVS) of the southern group of the Red Army of Workers and Peasants;
* Saken Seifullin - Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the RKFSR of the Kyrgyz AKSR (Head of the Government);
* Dmitry Furmanov — took part in suppressing the Verny uprising.
## Historical and cultural monument
On November 10, 2010, the state list of historical and cultural monuments of local importance of Almaty city was approved, in addition, all previous decisions on the previous issue were recognized as invalid. In this resolution, the status of the monument of local importance of the Alley of Busts was preserved. The borders of the security zones were approved in 2014.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742058 | 2016 European Football Championship | The 2016 European Football Championship (officially UEFA EURO 2016™ France; commonly referred to as "Euro 2016") is the 15th UEFA-sponsored European Championship. The first match was played in Paris on June 10, 2016. On July 10, 2016, in the final in Paris, Portugal defeated the hosts 1-0 in extra time. Portugal, who won the European Championship for the first time, will participate in the Confederations Cup 2017.
In September 2008, the UEFA executive committee decided to increase the number of participating teams to 24 from Euro 2016.
## Selection of hosts
### Applications
* Italy - hosted the European Championship twice (in 1968, 1980).
* Turkey has never hosted the European Championship.
* France received the European Championship twice (in 1960, 1984).
Withdrawals
* Norway & Sweden — withdrew its application in December 2009 due to lack of management support.
* Scotland & Wales — Withdrawn due to financial crisis.
* Ireland withdrew its application after unsuccessful negotiations with Scotland.
* Russia - withdrew its application in December 2009 due to the inability to hold two consecutive tournaments in Eastern Europe.
### Voting result
13 members of the UEFA Executive Committee participated in the selection of the host country. The first round of voting was conducted with each voter placing three priority states. Each member was given different points based on their placement - 5 points for 1st place, 2 points for 2nd place and 1 point for 3rd place. The country with the lowest score (Italy) is eliminated in the first round. The winner of the second round is decided by ordinary majority vote.
## Qualifying tournament
The draw for the qualifying tournament was held on February 23, 2014 in Nice. 54 teams were divided into 6 baskets for the draw. There were 9 teams in the first five baskets, and 8 teams in the last one. For the first time, the teams were selected by the rating of the teams to divide them into groups. The rating of the teams was based on the results of the qualifying and final games of the European Championship - 2010 and Euro 2012, as well as the qualifying tournament of the European Championship - 2014. As a result of the draw, the combined teams were divided into 9 groups. Eight groups consisted of 6 teams and one group consisted of 5 teams. The nine group winners, nine second-placed teams and the third-placed team with the best performance in the group received direct qualification to Euro-2016, while the remaining 8 third-placed teams in their group played four qualification matches in the continental championship. As a result, there were 23 finalists who, together with the organizer of the tournament, France, will participate in the final stage of Euro-2016.
## Stadiums
## Final tournament
### Head coaches and captains of participating teams
\ <> ### Main formations of the teams
## Group stage
Attention! Here is the local Paris time — CEST, UTC+2.
### Group A
Main article: European Football Championship 2016. Group A
### Group B
Main article: European Football Championship 2016. Group B
### Group C
Main article: European Football Championship 2016. Group C
### Group D
Main article: European Football Championship 2016. Group D
# ## Group E
Main article: European Football Championship 2016. Group E
### Group F
Main article: European Football Championship 2016. Group F
### Top 3 Comparison
## Playoffs
### Grid
\ <> ### 1/8 final
### 1/4 final
### 1/2 final
### Final
### Champion
## Statistics
### Scorers |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741809 | Manchester City FC | "Manchester City" (English. Manchester City Football Club) is an English football club in Manchester. The club plays in the English Premier League. It was founded in 1880 under the name "West Gorton Saint Marks". In 1887, it changed its name to "Ardwick" and moved to "Hyde Road" stadium. Since 1894, the club has been playing under the name "Manchester City". With eight Premier League titles, six FA Cups, eight League Cups, six FA Community Shields and one European Cup Winners' Cup, it is considered the fifth most successful club in English football.
Manchester City joined the Football League in 1892, and in 1904 won their first major honour, the FA Cup. The club won the League, European Cup Winners' Cup, FA Cup and League Cup under Joe Mercer and Malcolm Ellison in the late 1960s and early 1970s. After defeat in the 1981 FA Cup final, the club went through a period of decline that ended in 1998 when they were relegated to the third tier of English football for the only time in their history. They returned to the Premier League in the 2001/02 season and have remained in the Premier League ever since.
In its history, the club changed its stadium three times: from its foundation until 1923, it played at "Gard Road", from 1923 to 2003 - at the "Maine Road" stadium, and now, built in 2002, it can hold 55,097 spectators. will play at the Etihad stadium.
In the 20th century, Manchester City were champions of England twice (1936/1937 and 1967/1968), but in the 1990s, Manchester City were relegated three times in three years, and one season in the third division in 1998/99 played. In 2000, the club returned to the top division and still plays in the Premier League. In 2008, Manchester City was acquired by the Abu Dhabi United Group, after which the club received a lot of investment and was able to acquire high-paid players during transfers. In 2011, the club won the FA Cup. And at the end of 2010/11, "City" immediately got the right to play in the group tournament of the UEFA Champions League, and for the first time since 1973, they took part in the game for the English Super Cup. But on August 7, 2011, the champions of England lost 2:3 to Manchester United at Wembley Stadium.
On 13 May 2012, in a dramatic game against Queens Park Rangers in the last round, he scored the decisive goal in the fourth minute of added time to win 3-2 and Manchester City won the English title after 44 years. "The Citizens" (one of the nicknames of the club) surpassed their arch-rivals "Manchester United" only by the difference in goals scored and goals scored. On August 12, 2012, Manchester City won the English Super Cup for the first time in 40 years, defeating the London club "Chelsea" 3:2.
On March 2, 2014, Manchester City won their first Football League Cup in 38 years.
On May 11, 2014, Manchester City defeated West Ham with a score of 2:0 and won the fourth Premier League title in its history. On May 15, 2016, Manchester City qualified for the quarter-finals of the UEFA Champions League for the first time in its history. Quarter - in the finals, he met PSG football club and played a draw in Paris, winning 1:0 at home and doing something unprecedented in his history. In addition, he became the 10th team among English football clubs to reach the semi-finals of the UEFA Champions League. He scored the only goal. — Kevin de Bruyne. In the semi-finals, he lost 1:0 away from Real Madrid football club and failed to reach the finals.
The club received significant financial investment in both playing staff and equipment after taking over from Sheikh Mansour bin Zayed Al Nahyan through Abu Dhabi United Group in 2008, winning the FA Cup in 2011 and the Premier League in 2012, then in 2014 received another champion title. Under Pep Guardiola, City won the Premier League in 2018 and became the only Premier League side to reach 100 points in a season. In 2019, they won four trophies, completing an unprecedented streak of all domestic trophies in England and becoming the first English men's team to win the domestic treble. As well as winning their third Premier League title under Pep Guardiola, City reached their first Champions League final in 2021, where they lost to Chelsea.
In 2019, "Manchester City" took the fifth place in terms of income among all football clubs in the world. In 2019, Forbes valued the club at $2.7 billion (£2.06 billion). Thus, Manchester City is ranked twenty-fifth in the list of the most valuable sports clubs in the world and third in the list of the most valuable football clubs. The club is owned by City Football Group Limited, a UK-based holding company valued at £3.73 billion (US$4.8) in November 2019.
In 2023, "City" won the UEFA Champions League for the first time in its history, winning the final match against "Inter" with a score of 1:0. In addition, for the first time in its history, the club won the so-called "treble" — 3 cups (EPL + CA + CL) in one season and became the second English team in history to achieve such a feat (the first was "Manchester United" in the 1998/99 season). In the 2023/24 season, Manchester City became the first club in English football history to win their fourth consecutive Premier League title since 1992. Before that, "Manchester United" won only three times in a row.
The head coach is Josep Guardiola. He received his coaching position on February 1, 2016. The previous coach is Manuel Pellegrini.
## History
### 19th century
### "St. Marks" or "West Gorton"
"Manchester City" The founder of today's giant club was born in 1855. Anna Connell was the daughter of a clergyman named Arthur Connell of Harrogate. In 1865, his father became the rector of St. Mark's Church of England in West Gorton.
Anna watched and supported her father's condition during those years. West Gorton residents later used alcohol and cigarettes. Anna Connell was looking for easy ways to bring everyone together. So, in November 1880, Anna Connell met with the clergy of the two churches, as well as the metallurgical factory council, and invented many sports clubs with workers named Brooks, William Bistow and Thomas Goodbear. Three cricketers from St. Mark's Church—Wilter Chow, Edward Kitchen, and the recent William Bistow—left cricket and became footballers. The Archdeacon of Manchester took a good look at Anna Connell's work, wished her success in her future endeavors and helped her. In November 1880, Anna Connell, Bistow and Goodbeare formed a football club called St. Mark's or West Gorton. Arthur Connell became the first president to play in a black shirt and white shorts. The first official game was against Maxfield Church, which St Marks lost 1-2. St. Mark's has won only once this season. This happened in March 1881, in a game against Stalybridge Clarence in East Manchester.
### "Ardwick"
In 1884, by the decision of the Gorton Association, the club's name was changed. It was then that William Bistow came up with his own shirt, proposing a change to the club's shirt. The shirt is black and has a white cross on it. In 1887, the club moved to Hyde Road. In addition, the name was changed to "Ardvik". Two years later, Hyde Road had a capacity of 1,000 spectators. In 1891, the team started playing in the Alliance League and became the champion two years in a row. In 1892, the club began to play in the English Football League, which was considered the second division. In the 1892/93 season, Ardwick took 5th place.
In the following season, Newton Heath, now known as Manchester United, entered the second division, of course, the English Football League. In addition, this season, Ardwick has found a major opponent. At that time, Ardwick manager Joshua Parby suggested changing the name of the club. The committee accepted this proposal and Manchester City has remained unchanged since 1894.
### The beginning of the 20th century
### "Manchester City"
Five years later, "Manchester City" plays in the first division started Another five years passed, in 1904, he won his first cup — the England Cup. The best player of this competition is Billy Meredith.
was named. Because he is the author of the only goal in the final. This trophy did not come easily: on February 6, 1904, in the 1/16 final, he beat Sunderland with heavy effort. After that, "Wooledge" beat Arsenal by two goals. Then came "Middlesbrough" as an opponent. But "City" showed a draw with this opponent and played again on March 9, winning the second game with a score of 3:1. Ten days later, at Goodison Park, they took on "Wance Day" and won 3:0. In the final, they met with "Bolton Wanderers" and became the winner of the cup. In the 1904/05 season, before the start of the last round, they were competing with "Newcastle United" on the same score. But in the last round, they gave way to "Aston Villa" and fell to the third place. After the game, Aston Villa player Alec Leek said that Billy Meredith asked him to pay him £10, after which the Committee found Billy Meredith guilty and banned him for a year. Manchester City are believed to have been paying £4 per player, and the club has been fined for doing so. Billy Meredith later vindicated and expressed his opinion:
What is the secret of "Manchester City"? I consider this to be simply a violation of the rules, and no player will receive £4."
© Billy Meredith
The association conducted an audit of the club and found financial irregularities in the club. Manchester City manager Tom Mailey has been banned from football for life and City have been fined £900. And the same 17 players of "City" were banned from football until January 1907. Then, "City" had to sell their players in order to completely avoid the fine. Using this opportunity, Manchester United manager Ernest Mangnell bought Billy Meredith for £500, along with Herbert Burgess, Sandy Turnbull, Jimmy Bannister. In the 1907/08 season, "Manchester United" won the national championship thanks to these players. In 1920, George V visited the "Manchester City" stadium. This occasion made City the first non-London venue to be visited by George V. In November of this year, tragedy struck for City, in November 1920, the main stand at Hyde Road was gutted by fire. Manchester City leaders then moved to look for a new venue. At first, Manchester United wanted to rent Old Trafford, but United asked a lot of money for Old Trafford and refused to rent it because Manchester City could not afford it. Later, because there was no other way, "City" had to play on this field for three years, despite the fact that it was repaired and was not suitable for anything. In 1923/24, City began playing at Maine Road, and sold out Hyde Road.
In 1926, Manchester City reached the semi-finals of the FA Cup, scoring 31 goals in 5 games. But in the semi-finals, they lost 1:0 to Bolton Wanderers. This year, "City" flew to the first division. The following year, he was lucky and won the second division and returned to the first division.
In 1930, "City" began to rise. Former Manchester United manager Matt Busby became the head coach. The goalkeeper was Frank Swift, the forwards were Fred Tilson and the captain was Sam Cowan. In 1933, the club reached the FA Cup final, losing 0-3 to Everton. But despite this, in 1934 "City" reached the final again. This time, happily, they won the cup with a score of 2:1 against "Portsmouth". Despite conceding a goal in the 28th minute, Tilson scored two goals to give the team the lead. Captain Sam Cowan became the first player to appear in all three FA Cup finals.
In 1937, for the first time in the history of the club, it became the champion of the English championship. This season, "City" scored more than 100 goals. But in the next season, "City" said goodbye to the first division.
"Manchester City" managed to play in the second division only once, because then football was suspended due to the outbreak of the Second World War.
After football started working, City captain Sam Cowan took over. They won their first match 3-0, and the club went on a 19-match unbeaten run. Thanks to this, "City" returned to the Premier League. But Sam Cowan, due to business interests, was fired.
In 1949, "City" added the German goalkeeper Bert Trautmann. After this football player joined the English club, local residents protested that he had ties to Nazi Germany. On the one hand, they supported him because he was defending the goal of their club, and on the other hand, he was suspected because he was a representative of Nazi Germany. In 2010:
"I love and support my club. I watch every City match without missing a beat. I will be a fan when England plays Germany"
© Bert Trautmann
\ <> ### Middle of the 20th century
Using the "Revi plan", "City" did not perform very well in the 50s. Only 1955 can be said to have performed very well. Because this year he reached the final of the FA Cup. But they lost to "Newcastle" with a score of 1:3.
won the FA Cup after 22 years on May 5, 1956. "Manchester City" met "Birmingham City" in "Wembley" with a capacity of one hundred thousand people and scored the first goal in the 3rd minute, the first goal was scored by Don Revie. After 12 minutes, Birmingham equalized through Noel Kinsey. "City" took the lead in the 62nd minute, the score was 2:1. Ken Burns, Bobby Johnston and Jack Dyson were among those who competed in the goal. In the 64th minute, despite Bert Trautmann suffering a neck injury, he passed to Dyson and then Johnston became the owner of the attack with a goal. With this, the score was 3:1 and they became the cup winners.
"Manchester City" began to flourish in the late 60s and 70s. At this time the team was taken over by Joe Mercer. Joe Mercer took over the team and took it to the Major League. Mercer added George Heslop, Mike Summerby, Colin Bell, Tony Book, Francis Lee, young Joe Corrigan to City. These players pushed the team forward.
Later, Mercer, after 34 years, in 1968, became the champion of England, leaving two points behind Manchester United, which had a famous striker named George Best. On April 26, 1969, a goal from Neil Young beat Leicester City to win the fourth FA Cup in City's history. On 7 March 1970, City won the Football League Cup for the first time in their history, in the final match, Mercer's City responded with two goals to West Bromwich Albion's one goal. Goals by Mike Doyle and Glyn Pardoe.
In the same year, "City" won the Cup Winners' Cup with a very high result. In the final in Vienna, the Polish club beat "Gurnik" with a score of 2:1. Neil Young and Francis Lee scored consecutive goals for City. Joe Mercer after the game:
"The rain spoiled the game in the second half, but I was pleased with the performance of our players despite the setback"
© Joe Mercer
Next Joe Mercer and Malcolm Allison once again reached the semi-finals of the Cup Winners' Cup. But the important players of "City" were injured and lost to "Chelsea" with the score of 0:2 and could not repeat the result of the previous year. In the English championship, "City" was in fourth place, advanced towards the end and won the main prize. In 1972, unfortunately, the relationship between the two coaches began to deteriorate. Joe Mercer has left to coach Coventry City. Club president Peter Swales:
“We had to choose between Malcolm Allison and Joe Mercer. We chose Malcolm Ellison"
© Peter Swales
Malcolm later commented on Ellison:
"Joe and I were a great coaching team. I have never regretted working with Joe Mercer, and I never will. I know he feels the same way. We have created a great club together. Mercer-Allison's tenure will be City's greatest and most memorable. It would be great to have Joe back in his place again. I have no doubt he would say the same."
© Malcolm Ellison
But Malcolm Ellison did not stay in coaching long. Because in 1972/73 he led "City" to the last places. Only new coach Johnny Hart saved the club from relegation to the second division. But this could not happen to the coach and his work. At the end of the season, the coach of "Norwich City" Ron Saunders took over. With the help of this coach, he performed very well in the cup side, but showed little results in the championship. He did not last long at the Sounders, being coached by ex-City player Tony Booke between 1974 and 1979.
Buk led the team and aimed to keep that result. In the final round of the 1973/74 season, City faced Manchester United, who only needed a win to stay in the Premier League. "Manchester City" won with a score of 1:0 and sent the neighboring club from the national championship to the second division. Denis Law, the author of the only goal, this match was very difficult for him. Because Lowe played for Manchester United for 11 years, he was not happy after scoring a goal and left the field disappointed. It was the last match of Lowe's career.
Manchester City was a good team under Tony Book. On February 28, 1976, they won the League Cup with a score of 2:1 against Newcastle, and in 1977, they won the silver medal, one point behind Liverpool. And twice went to the quarter-finals of the League Cup, and in 1978/79 went to the quarter-finals of the UEFA Cup.
There is no doubt that the successful period of the 60s and 70s can be replaced by the successful period of the 80s. Malcolm Allison was sacked as coach and later returned. But Malcolm's subsequent policies failed. Star players such as Ace Hartford, Gary Owen and Peter Barnes left the club. He later became the most expensive player in the English Premier League when he bought Steve Daley for £1.5 million. But this failed to lead City forward, and Allison was released again in the 1980/81 season. He was replaced by John Bond.
Assisted by John Bond, City beat Liverpool 3-1 to finish 10th in the Premier League. With Bond's policy, many successful players have joined the ranks of City. There are more young players in the team. With this pace, City reached the final of the FA Cup, but in the final, Spurs won against City with a score of 3:2. He was fired from his job at Bond two years ago. Because "City" did not enter the top ten. He was succeeded by John Benson.
John Benson is remembered only for his flight from the first division, he could have stayed if he won the last round of the first division. Even a draw would have kept City in the First Division. But John Benson showed City deserved only defeat. Benson was later replaced by Billy McNeill. This coach brought City back to the First Division. But in 1985/86 they narrowly missed relegation from the First Division, and started the 1986/87 season weakly. He was sacked by City chiefs and replaced by Jimmy Frizzell. City finished second that season and were relegated back to the second division. After Frizzell left City in the Second Division, Mel McHean led City back into the First Division, beating Sir Alex Ferguson's Manchester United 5–1 in November, but Mel McHean was sacked by the managers nonetheless. Sir Alex Ferguson after that match:
"It was the most embarrassing result of my coaching career"
© Sir Alex Ferguson
Between November 1989 and November 1990, Howard managed City Kendall directed. This coach was able to lead the team forward. Howard Kendall left for Everton. After his departure, player-coach Peter Reid took over as coach. In Reid's two seasons, City did not finish lower or higher than fifth place. And in 1992/93, Peter Reid resigned after falling to ninth place. He was replaced by Brian Horton. He dropped to 16th place with City.In 1994, City kept Horton as manager despite a poor run of form, but 17th place in the 1994/95 season really didn't go down well with the management and he had to be sacked. He was replaced by Alan Ball, the former coach of the "Southampton" club. He wanted to rejuvenate the team and carried out a reform. Georgy Kinkladze joined the team, and the team began to get younger. But in 1995/96 City were relegated back to the First Division and Ball was sacked. Steve Coppell has been appointed as the new coach on an interim basis. Later, Phil Neal was appointed as the club coach. But he lost 7 out of 10 games, relegating City to mid-table, before being sacked, replaced by Joe Royle, who failed to save City from relegation to the second division. Royle later said:
"City didn't have a lot of money to buy good players, so they had to buy free agents with old players"
© Joe Royle
City's decline David Bernstein dominated the presidential career during the period. After the arrival of a new president, City returned to the First Division after 1998/99. The following season, the club entered the Premier League. In the summer of 2000, midfielder Alf-Inge Holland and Jor joined the club, and in the winter, Richard Dunn and Darren Hackerby joined the club. Andriy Kanchelskis was loaned from Scottish "Rangers".
On April 21, 2001, fans rioted and fired Joe Royle. Three days later, former England national team coach Kevin Keegan was appointed as the new manager of "City".
### The beginning of the XXI century
In 2002, "Manchester City" returned to the Premier League. At the beginning of the season, the club got a lot of good players. Peter Schmeichel began to replenish the ranks of "City", followed by defenders Sylvain Disten and David Sommey. Along with Marc-Vivien Foet, Vicente Matias Vuoso has added to the club's ranks. Later, Nicolas Anelka came from Paris Saint-Germain for £17.5 million. In the winter transfer, striker Robbie Fowler was added to the lineup. As a result of the season, "Manchester City" took the ninth place in the Premier League and entered the UEFA Cup qualifying competition for the first time in 24 years.
2003 was Manchester City's last game at Maine Road as they moved to a new 48,000-capacity stadium called the City of Manchester.
In 2007, former Thai Prime Minister Thaksin Chinnawat, a businessman from a Thai family, bought the club for $43 million through UK Sports Investments. And he promised to improve the club:
"The first goal is to enter the top ten, the second is to enter the six, and our third goal is to compete for the UEFA Champions League"
© Thaksin Chinnawat
\< > The new managers began to introduce "many changes to the club". The first change was on July 6, 2007, when the famous Swedish coach Sven-Joran Eriksson signed a three-year contract, and players Vedran Čorluka, Javier Garrido and Martin Petrov, Elano, Benjani Mvaruvari, Valeria Božinov were signed. They have won both of their Manchester derbies this season, but lost 8-1 to Middlesbrough in the last round to finish in ninth place. On June 2, 2008, the Swedish coach was fired. He was replaced by Welsh coach Mark Hughes. In 2008, after a three-week deal in Dubai to sell Manchester City, the UAE financial aid group Abu Dhabi United Group (ADUG), and its head, Mansoor bin Zayed Al Nahyan, acquired 90% of Chinnawat. bought the company's shares, a year later bought 10% and became an independent head. He bought the club and set a goal. The goal was to join the giant clubs. Later Sheikh Mansour said:
"In order to be equal to clubs like Chelsea and Barcelona, 22 players in the squad need to be updated. Money is not the problem. The main thing is that all 22 players in my team should be star players, and the club will become a giant club in a decade"
© Sheikh Mansoor
Many good players were acquired in the summer transfer. The likes of Pablo Zabaleta, Vincent Kompany, Tal Ben-Haim and Glauber were signed, followed by the return of Sean Wright-Phillips from Chelsea. Brazilian forward Jo arrived from CSKA Moscow for £18 million. In the winter transfer, effective goalkeeper Shay Given arrived and young goalkeeper Gunnar Nielsen, defender Wayne Bridge, effective player Nigel de Jong and two strikers Craig Bellamy and Robinho completed the line-up. Robinho became the most expensive player in the history of Manchester City, arriving from Real Madrid for £32.5 million. This season, compared to the previous season, "City" showed better results — 10th place.
In 2009, there were many false reports that another coach would replace Mark Hughes. But the 2009/10 season started with the Welsh coach. "City" continued its transfer policy. In the summer, goalkeeper Stuart Taylor arrived from Aston Villa, then midfielder Gareth Barry, Silvinho from Barcelona, Kolo Toure and Emmanuel Adebayor from Arsenal, centre-back Joleon Lescott from Everton for £24m, Manchester United Carlos Tevez, Roque Santa Cruz from Blackburn Rovers joined Manchester City.
On 19 December 2009, Mark Hughes resigned as coach due to poor results. Mark Hughes later expressed his displeasure with the decision:
“In the next game against Sunderland, I was told that the contract was terminated early. I was not warned about this in the media, I did not expect such a decision at all. Soon, a new coach was found, which means that my departure was decided at the beginning of the season. Before the start of the season, I met with the manager of the club, and together we set a goal - to finish sixth in the national championship or score 70 points. I told the players to aim for this. Of course, at Manchester City, everyone wanted to show better results and win the national championship with me, and we went on the right path, but suddenly I was fired"
© Mark Hughes
Later, the president of "City" Al-Mubarak responded:
"Only two wins in the last eleven games. This is not enough for Manchester City. Sheikh Mansour and the board of directors do not see the will and enthusiasm to move forward.
© Khaldun al-Mubarak
Mark Hughes was replaced by Italian specialist Roberto Mancini. Brian Kidd was appointed as his assistant. In the winter, City added Patrick Vieira and young player Adam Johnson. Thanks to Mancini, Manchester City finished fifth and qualified for the Europa League.
In the summer of 2010, "Manchester City" became the main star of the transfer press. "City" ranks Alexander Kolarov (for £20 million), Jerome Boateng (for £11 million), Yaya Toure (for £26.4 million ), James Milner (for £19.3 million), David Silva (for £25.3 million) and Mario Balotelli (for £26 million), who was one of the most effective strikers of the time, were added. City parted ways with defender Silvinho this year as he retired from playing. And Javier Garrido, midfielders Martin Petrov and Stephen Ireland, strikers Benjani Mwaruvari, and Robinho, who left for Milan, said goodbye.
"Manchester City" had to send many footballers on loan during the winter transfer window. Among them: Roque Santa Cruz, David Gonzalez, Wayne Bridge and Emmanuel Adebayor left for Real Madrid.
The situation of "Manchester City" has become stronger. In the winter, City signed Edin Dzeko, a prolific striker from Bosnia and Herzegovina (£27m). Including all the prices of the new transfers, Sheikh Mansour has spent £1 billion (including the salary of the coach and players).
On March 17, 2011, Manchester City lost to Dynamo Kyiv in the 1/8 finals of the Europa League (lost 0:2 away and lost 0:1 at home). On May 11, they won the UEFA Champions League for the first time since 1968/99 after defeating "Tottenham" club with a minimal score. After the game with Tottenham, Mancini:
"I congratulate the whole team on the victory. I think we performed well this season. We still have two games to go and hopefully that will take City up to third place. This is one of the most important and touching moments for me. We have worked hard this season and I congratulate the Manchester City fans. Nothing is impossible and I hope we can leave Arsenal behind"
© Roberto Mancini
After that, Mancini's dream came true. "City" took six points from two games, and on May 22, "Manchester City" scored the same points as the silver medalist "Chelsea" in the English Premier League, but with the difference of goals, "Manchester City" was placed in third place. And this result got a direct ticket to the group stage of the UEFA Champions League without a qualifying competition. In addition to this award, City player Carlos Tevez, who was named the best scorer, was named the same as Manchester United striker Dimitr Berbatov. Manchester City goalkeeper Joe Hart won the Golden Glove award. The English goalkeeper did not concede a goal for 17 games. "Winning the FA Cup from Stoke City was a great result for Manchester City at that time." This is the first time he has won this award since 1976. Roberto Mancini after the game:
"I can only say one thing, I am grateful for my fans. For many years, we have not been able to win this cup. I can't say that we defended well today. We still need to strengthen, but despite that, we are very happy. We have started a new history of Manchester City. This is just the beginning"
© Roberto Mancini
After the end of the 2010/11 season, Roberto Mancini met with the club president Khaldoon Al-Mubarak in the UAE. At the meeting between the Italian specialist and the Arab businessman, it was decided that a lot of money will be allocated to the budget.
In the summer of 2011, two famous players joined "City". These are Samir Nasri and Sergio Aguero. Sergio Aguero became the most expensive player in Manchester City's history when he joined Manchester City for £38 million. In addition to these, Gael Clichy and Stevan Savic and Owen Hargreaves joined City, while Romanian goalkeeper Costel Pantilimion was loaned to Timisoara, but was later bought outright. In the same year, Patrick Vieira ended his playing career and joined the club's staff. In May 2013, he started managing the youth team of "Manchester City". Emmanuel Adebayor went on loan to another club. And Shay Given, Joe, Craig Bellamy, Sean Wright-Phillips, Jerome Boateng, Felipe Caicedo and many other young footballers left the club.
In July 2011, the name "City of Manchester" was changed to "Etihad Stadium" by the decision of the official sponsor of the club, Etihad Airways. Etihad Airways and Manchester City have signed a ten-year partnership agreement. In addition, the Etihad Airways logo will feature in City advertisements, outside the stadium, the Etihad Campus store in East Manchester, and on the club shirt. According to some reports, the renaming of the stadium cost £120 million.
In the first match at the Etihad Stadium, City faced their neighbors Manchester United, winning 2-0 in the first half and then losing 2-3. But City have had a successful start in the Premier League. They won 12 times in 14 games and drew with the other two clubs, Fulham and Liverpool. In the 9th round, "Manchester City" defeated their neighbors "Manchester United" with a score of 6:1, registering the first major goal for "City" in 56 years at "Old Trafford". Roberto Mancini after the win over Osirata:
"The season is very long, and we play every three days, so every game becomes more and more difficult. We did well against Tottenham and Bolton, but I would mark this game as very special - we beat Manchester United, a giant. But we only got three points in this game — and as for six goals, nobody gives us six points for those six goals. It's just a game and I think Manchester United are still better than us. We need to win the Premier League to be stronger than them. Only then, I believe, will everything begin to change, but for now, Manchester United is much stronger than us. Of course, I am happy that we beat Manchester United. Not all teams win at Old Trafford, so this game is important and memorable for us - it's not about the big result, it's about us winning on their ground. This match is a historic match for our fans. Goals can only help us progress and help us in the league. I'm happy we got the three points, but we need to work hard to be much stronger and stay at the top of the table, only then we will get stronger"
© Roberto Mancini
"City The first defeat was registered in the fifteenth round. On December 12, 2011, Andre Villas-Boas' team lost to Chelsea 1:2. Although the first goal was scored by Mario Balotelli in the second minute, Chelsea later responded with two goals to beat City.
After losing to Chelsea, City failed in the UEFA Champions League. Although they beat Bayern Munich 2-0 in the group stage, City finished third behind Bayern Munich and Napoli and qualified for the Europa League.
In the 1/16 finals of the Europa League, they met with the Portuguese "Porto", won 2:1 away, and lost 4:0 at home. Later, in the 1/8 finals, they met another Portuguese club "Sporting" and lost away 0:1. Although they won 3:2 at home, they failed to advance to the next stage. Because, according to the rules, only a club that has not scored a goal at home can qualify for the next stage.
After the game, the head coach of "Sporting" Sa Pintu said:
"Manchester City's team is very strong, every player of this club is effective. But Sporting won with a lot of confidence and hard work and went to the next round."
© Sa Pintu
"City" did not show good results in national cups. In the first cup, in the 1/32 final, they lost 3:2 to their neighbors "Manchester United" and could not continue. And in the second cup, of course, in the League Cup, they reached the semi-finals and could not pass the "Liverpool" football club (they lost 0:1 away, but drew 2:2 at home).
And in the Premier League for a long time, they did not give the first place, but then they lost to "Swansea City" with a minimal score and missed "Manchester United". In the next round, they won 2:1 against Chelsea. Later, they played a draw against "City", "Stoke City" and "Sunderland", and on April 8 they lost to "Arsenal" of London with a score of 0:1. After these failures, "Manchester United" was ahead with 8 points. But City, thankfully, have won six games in a row, including at first-placed Manchester United. When it came to the last round, "Manchester City" was two points ahead of its neighboring club. The last game was against "Queens Park Rangers". In the first half of this game, "City" was losing 1:2. But goals in the last minutes, scored by Edin Dzeko and Sergio Aguero, changed history. After these goals, City went 3-2 ahead after losing 1-2 at Queens Park Rangers, and while doing so, they won the Premier League for the first time in 44 years with 89 points behind Manchester United in the table. Vincent Kompany was named the best player. The head of the club, Khaldun Al-Mubarak, later expressed his opinion:
"Fans have been waiting for this moment for 44 years, and here after 44 years we became the first national championship champion. During the club's time, the club was without a prize and could not win a prize. At that time, "City" was not capable of moisture. Let's forget about this helpless "City", the past is over. Now let's open our eyes and start writing a new page of history. This award is not the last, we will conquer many peaks together
© Khaldun al-Mubarak
In the beginning of 2012, it became known that Roberto Mancini signed a five-year contract with Manchester City club. Subsequently, the salary of this Italian specialist is also known. His annual salary was £7 million. Before that, there were also reports that Roberto Mancini could become the coach of the Russian football team.
In May 2012, it was possible to add Welsh Gareth Bale and Belgian football player Eden Hazard, as well as Robin van Persie, who became the top scorer in the Premier League season 2011/12, in the London "Arsenal" line. But Gareth Bale extended his contract with Tottenham, Eden Hazard joined Chelsea and Robin van Persie joined his neighbors Manchester United. "Manchester City" instead added goalkeeper Richard Wright to their ranks. And besides that, defender Matija Nastasic and Maikon, defender Javi Garcia from Benfica club, Jack Rodwell from Everton club, and Scott Sinclair striker from Swansea were able to join their ranks. Ferrano Soriano, the former top manager of the "Barcelona" football club, became the director of "City". From the club ranks, Greg Cunningham, Stefan Savic, Ahmed Benali, Guy Assoulin, Wladimir Weiss, Adam Johnson, Nigel de Jong and Emmanuel Adebayor have left, while Wayne Bridge, Dedric Boyata, Mohammed Abu, Omar Elabdellaoui, Harry Bunn and Roque Santa Cruz has rented. Stuart Taylor and Owen Hargreaves became free agents.
On August 12, 2012, "Manchester City" won the English Super Cup, defeating "Chelsea" 3:2. Chelsea's Fernando Torres scored the first goal and put his team ahead. In the second half, City's Yaya Toure, Carlos Tevez and Samir Nasri scored 3:1. , but in the end, "City" won, and "Cities" won the cup.
At the beginning of the 2012/13 season, the bookies named Manchester City as the main contenders to win the Premier League title, but Manchester City manager Roberto Mancini named his neighbors Manchester United as the main contenders.
In the fall of the 2012/13 season, "Manchester City" faced setbacks. On September 25, 2012, Manchester City lost to Aston Villa in the 1/16 finals of the League Cup with a score of 2:4. After losing 3 times and drawing 3 times in the group stage of the UEFA Champions League, they could not show a better result and bid farewell to the competition, finishing last with 3 points, behind the clubs "Borussia Dortmund", "Real Madrid" and "Ajax Amsterdam". He suffered his first defeat in the Premier League on 9 December 2012 when he lost 2-3 against neighbors Manchester United. Since then, Manchester City has been in second place with 9 wins, 6 draws and 1 loss. After that defeat, on December 26, he lost to Sunderland with a score of 0:1 and received his second defeat. After that, City went undefeated and began their winning streak on January 13, 2013, beating London's Arsenal 2-0. In the winter transfer, Gunnar Nielsen, Michael Johnson, and Mario Balotelli left the team for €20 million to AC Milan.
In the second half of the 2012/13 season, City had only 4 defeats and although they managed to avenge their neighbors Manchester United by 2-1, City finished 11 points behind Manchester United. Finished in second place in the English Premier League. In addition, City managed to beat Chelsea in the semi-finals of the League Cup, but failed to win the trophy, losing 1-0 to Wigan Athletic in the final. In the end, City failed to win a single trophy in the 2012/13 season. After that, Roberto Mancini had to be fired from his coaching position. The Italian specialist was temporarily replaced by his assistant Brian Kidd. After Roberto Mancini left, he took the strip and said goodbye to Manchester City fans: "Three unforgettable years..Goodbye!" he wrote and said goodbye. Later, Sir Alex Ferguson, the head coach of "Manchester United", expressed his opposition to the dismissal of the Italian specialist with the following opinion:
"Mancini should not have been dismissed. Because he took the team to the UEFA Champions League, won the second place in the national championship, and the previous year, he made City the champion of the national championship and won the FA Cup, and won not one, but two trophies. At first I was surprised that this Italian specialist left his job, but based on the words of some of his superiors, I think that everything is correct. And now, I don't think it's right for Mancini to leave the club in this way"
© Sir Alex Ferguson
Later, the club director Ferrano Soriano also expressed his opinion:
"Next season starts from this season I think it will be more successful. If we plan now, we can win five trophies in the previous five years. Next season, it is quite possible that we won't win any prizes, and then we can win two prizes immediately"
© Ferrano Soriano
On June 14, 2013, "City" made the coach of "Malaga", the Chilean specialist Manuel Pellegrini, their head coach. If we believe the English media, "City" signed a three-year contract with the Chilean specialist, and the salary was worth £3.4 million per year. With the signing of the new manager, City were able to bring in some good players in the summer transfer window, with the likes of Ryan McGivern, Jeremy Elan, Maicon, Kolo Toure and Wayne Bridge leaving the squad. Karim Rekic, Gareth Barry, Abdul Razak went on loan to another club. In addition, Muhammad Abu and Scott Sinclair left the team. Tevez left for Juventus for €9 million, and Filippo, the son of Roque Santa Cruz and Roberto Mancini, became a free agent. In the same summer transfer, the 32-year-old Atlético central defender Martin Demichelis and Fernandinho from the Ukrainian club Shakhtar and Stevan Jovetic for €25 million, Spaniards Jesus Navas and Alvaro Negredo were added to the ranks of City.
Manuel Pellegrini started his season with two defeats in the competition in Central Africa. (On July 14, 2013, they lost to Supersport United with a score of 2:0, then on July 18, they lost to AmaZulu with a score of 2:1). But in this competition, Pellegrini was not the coach of "City", he went to Chile with an unknown job. His assistants took the coaching position.
The Chilean specialist won the unofficial Barclays Asia Trophy in Hong Kong on July 27. In the semi-finals, they played against the "South Chain" club and left behind, and in the final, they won the "Sunderland" club with a minimal score and took their first prize. Edin Dzeko stood out in both games.
Towards the end of the summer, "City" took part in the Audi Cup competition held in Munich. In the competition, Manchester City was winning 5-0 against Milan in the first half, but the Italian club, without looking back, scored three goals before the end of the first half and decided the fate of the game in the first half. In this game, David Silva, Maika Richards, Aleksandar Kolarov and Edin Dzeko scored two goals and scored a big victory from "City". With a score of 5:3, they left "Milan" behind and reached the final of the Audi Cup. But in the final game, the host of the competition lost to "Bayern" Munich with a score of 1:2. Spanish Alvaro Negredo scored the only goal from "City" in the 61st minute.
Chilean coach Pellegrini played his official game on August 19 against Newcastle club in the first round of the English Premier League. In that game, David Silva managed to score an instant goal at the beginning of the game (in the 6th minute). Then, in the 20th minute, Sergio Aguero managed to extend the score. Later in the second half, Yaya Toure and Samir Nasri scored one goal each to extend the lead to 4-0. After the big score, Pellegrini:
"I am very happy that we won this game. Joy calls not only for victories, but also for strengthening the team. For us, it is more important in both cases. Players scored as many goals as they wanted in this game. "We didn't score goals, we were good defensively, and that's a very good result for us." On August 25, in the second round of the English Premier League, they lost 2:3 to Cardiff City, a newcomer to the top league. In this game, "City" did not compete for victory. After all, the game was losing 3:1 until the end. Later, towards the end of the game, Alvaro Negredo was able to reduce the goal difference, but could not take the lead.
In the fifth round of the English Premier League, "City", in the "Manchester derby", despite the draw in the previous game, defeated its neighbor with a score of 4:1 and took the fourth place in the table. Sergio Aguero scored twice, Yaya Toure and Samir Nasri added one each, and by the 87th minute, Wayne Rooney had reduced the deficit to three goals.
Manuel Pellegrini, in the UEFA Champions League, was placed in the same group with the clubs "Bayern", "CSKA", "Viktoria Plzeň". In this group, "City" finished its first game with a good result, beating the Czech club with a score of 3:0. But, in the next game, the Munich club lost to "Bayern" with a score of 3:1. Sergio Aguero scored the only goal from "City" in the 79th minute, reducing the difference to two goals. The third team, the games with the club "CSKA", in both games "City" managed to beat the Moscow club. In the first game, Zoran Tošić from the Moscow club gave CSKA the lead early in the game, but Sergio Aguero equalized later on. By the 42nd minute, Sergio Aguero again put the English club ahead and decided the fate of the game in the first half. Later, "City" won 5:2 against "CSKA" at home. In the game, Alvaro Negredo scored three goals and Sergio Aguero scored two goals. From the Moscow club, Seydou Doumbia scored two goals.
2 years after these games, on March 15, 2016, Manuel Pellegrini defeated the Kyiv club "Dynamo" in the 1/8 finals and brought the Manchester club to the quarter-finals for the first time in its history. Later, in the quarter-finals, they drew 0-0 away to Paris Saint-Germain, and Kevin De Bruyne scored a 1-0 lead at home, adding to the sensational events and reaching the semi-finals of the UEFA Champions League for the first time in their history. However, in the semi-finals, they lost 1:0 away from Real Madrid and drew 0:0 at home. On February 1, 2016, Manchester City introduced their future coach ahead of time. Josep Guardiola became the new coach of Manchester club. Josep Guardiola has signed a three-year contract with Manchester City, with a salary of €20 million per year. And this coach, coming to Manchester City, became the leader of the highest paid coaches in the world. He started his unofficial and first game on July 20 against the club he coached before this, Bayern Munich. In this game, "City" lost to the Munich club with a score of 1:0.
He started his first official game on August 13, 2016 in the first round of the English Premier League, against the Sunderland club. It was his first victory since he started coaching Manchester City, winning the game 2:1. In the game, Sergio Aguero scored a goal in the 4th minute to increase the score by one goal. Later, Jermain Defoe equalized the score by scoring a goal from opponents. Towards the end of the game, in the 87th minute, Patrick McNair, who was on loan from Manchester United to Sunderland, made a mistake and scored an own goal. Then "City" was lucky and won.
On September 10, Josep Guardiola's team won the "Manchester derby" at Old Trafford with a score of 2:1. In the 15th minute, Kevin De Bruyne scored the first goal and opened the score. Later, after 20 minutes, in the 36th minute, Kelechi Iheanacho, a student from "City", managed to increase the score. However, in the 42nd minute, Zlatan Ibrahimovic scored a goal and reduced the score to one goal. After that, despite many opportunities, the score remained as it was.
In the UEFA Champions League, in the fourth round of the qualifying competition, starting with the club "Steaua", this Romanian club won the first game with a score of 5:0 and scored one goal. In the second game, "City" won at home and won 1:0 and entered the group stage. In the group stage, they were placed in the same group with "Manchester City", "Celtic", "Barcelona" and "Borussia" from Mönchengladbach. In the group, he started his first match with Borussia Mönchengladbach and defeated this German club 4:0. In this game, Sergio Aguero scored two goals and Raheem Sterling and Kelechi Iheanacho scored one each to keep Barcelona in the lead. Later, they met with Barcelona and lost 4-0 at Camp Nou, but won 3-1 at home. And he returned with a draw with the "Celtic" club, both at home and away. It ended with a score of 1:1 at home, and a draw with a score of 3:3 away from home. On December 12, 2016, Josep Guardiola took Manchester City to the 1/8 finals for three years in a row. "Monaco" was the opponent of "Manchester City" in the 1/8 finals. On February 21, 2017, Manchester City beat Monaco 5-3 in what was the most successful UEFA Champions League first leg. Raheem Sterling opened the scoring in the 26th minute, then Radamel Falcao and Kylian Mbappe made the score 1:2 and took the lead. Sergio Aguero equalized in the 58th minute of the second half, but Radamel Falcao scored five minutes later to make the score 2:3 and heat up the game. As time passed, "City" players did not look back and made the score 5:3 within ten minutes. Sergio Aguero, John Stones and Leroy Sane were named as the contestants. After that, the responsible match "Manchester City" lost to the French club 3:1 and failed to advance to the next round. Leroy Sane scored the only goal in a row for "City".
On April 23, "City" played against "Arsenal" in the semi-finals of the English Cup. Sergio Aguero gave Manchester City the lead in the 62nd minute, but Nacho Monreal equalized in the 71st minute, forcing extra time. In the 101st minute, Alexis Sanchez gave Arsenal the lead and a place in the final. With this, "City" lost the possibility of prizes.
Josep Guardiola finished tied with Manchester City for third in the English Premier League table with a 5-0 win over Watford on 21 May 2016/17. Kevin de Bruyne is the top scorer with 18 assists. Manchester City's 18-match unbeaten run in the 2017/18 season broke the English Premier League record. The previous record was held by Arsenal. In 2003/04, they won a record 13 games in a row.
Sergio Aguero, in the 2017/18 season, became the best scorer in the history of "Manchester City" with 181 goals. Eric Brook was the previous top scorer. He scored 177 goals for City.
On 19 April 2021, it was announced that Manchester City, among 12 European clubs, was the founding member of the European Super League. But to the dismay of sports officials and fans, the following day Manchester City officially announced their withdrawal from the Europa League.
In the 2020/21 season, "Manchester City" reached the Champions League final for the first time in its history, playing with its compatriots "Chelsea". But unfortunately, they lost 0:1 to their compatriots on the "Dragan" field in Porto.
further report by Der Spiegel in April 2022, based on leaked internal documents, revealed that Abu Dhabi's owners had previously made secret payments to the club as sponsorship payments from Emirati companies such as Etihad and Etisalat (a claim the club successfully defended at CAS in 2020); Sheikh Mansour's Abu Dhabi United Group (ADUG) indirectly paid for underage players to sign with the club; and the club allegedly used a sham contract between Roberto Mancini and Mansour's club Al Jazira to pay the former manager a huge compensation on top of his salary. He also stated that these three cases were under investigation by the Premier League over the past three years. In response, the club dismissed the claims as untrue and an attempt to damage the reputation and integrity of the club.
City retain their league title again in 2021–22 after another close title race with Liverpool; won the Premier League four times in five seasons. In another City situation, City, needing four points from their last two games, trailed by two goals in both games, only to draw 2-2 away to West Ham and win 3-2. The last three goals of the season at home to Aston Villa all came in a five-minute blitz between the 76th and 81st minutes in the 1999 play-off final against Gillingham at the Etihad Stadium and in the last minute of the historic 2011-12 game was struck in the moments that coincided with the famous victory in the Premier League, which was able to change.
In the winter and summer transfer season of 2022, the current champion of England did not lose anyone from the main players. Yes, Fernandinho left (as a free agent) from Manchester City to Atlético Paranaense, but instead City signed Calvin Phillips from Leeds United for €50.00 million. And Erling Holland, who was bought from the club "Borussia Dortmund" for 60.00 euros, came and made the attack of "City" more dangerous and multiplied. In addition to the two, "Manchester City" also received goalkeeper Stefan Ortega Moreno from Armenia for free. This goalkeeper will try to compete with 29-year-old goalkeeper Zachary Steffen for the right to be the number two. Also added is Julián Alvarez. The 22-year-old striker, who scored 18 goals in 25 games for "River Plate", was bought by "City" in the winter (€20.00 million), but later he was leased back to River Plate club for half a year.
In the summer transfer season of 2022, in addition to Jesus and Fernandinho, Oleksandr Zinchenko ("Arsenal", €35.7 million) and Raheem Sterling ("Chelsea", €56.00 million) changed their clubs.
An era of sustained competitive advantage at Manchester City has coincided with allegations of breaches of Financial Fair Play (FFP) regulations. In 2020, the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) overturned City's two-year European ban, ruling that UEFA's sanctions against the club were unjustified. In 2023, the Premier League announced its own investigation into allegations against Manchester City, accusing the club of breaching FFP regulation 115 prior to the 2017/18 season.
In the 2023/24 season, Manchester City became the first club in English football history to win the English Premier League for the fourth time in a row since 1992. Before that, "Manchester United" won only three times in a row. So far the only club in England to have achieved the 4-in-a-Row (four times in a row) slogan.
## Main team color, shirt and logo
Manchester City's home shirt is blue and white. The away shirt has traditionally been maroon or (since the 1960s) red and black; however, several colors have been used in recent years. The origin of the club's home shirt color is unclear, but there is evidence that the club has worn blue since 1892 or earlier. A 1940s book, Famous Football Clubs - Manchester City, shows that West Gorton (St. Mark's) originally played in red and black, and reports from 1884 describe the team wearing black shirts with a white cross, indicating the club's origins. The commonly used red and black shirt originated with former assistant manager Malcolm Allison, who believed that adopting Milan's colors would inspire City to glory. Allison's theory is still working at the moment, and is expected to be implemented again in the current season (2022/23). City won the FA Cup Final in 1969, the League Cup Final in 1970 and the European Cup Winners' Cup Final in 1970 in the red and black stripes.
The city wore three different badges on their shirts before the current badge, which was introduced in 2016. The first, introduced in 1970, was based on a design used in the club's official documentation since the mid-1960s. It consisted of a circular badge using the same shield as the current badge (including a ship based on the coat of arms of Manchester) within a circle with the club's name. In 1972 this was replaced by a variation which replaced the lower half of the shield with the red rose of Lancashire. In 1976 the College of Arms donated the heraldic badge to the English Football League for use by City. The emblem consisted of the familiar ship on a red rose, but instead of a shield in a round device ("A roundel per fess lazure and argent in a roundel per fess lazure and argent in a lazoned argent) with three masted ships' sails flying or spiked at base and has a seeded rose.
On occasions when Manchester City have played in major cup finals, the club have worn Manchester City armband shirts as a sign of pride in representing the city at a major event. This practice dates back to a time when players' jerseys usually had no markings. The club has since abandoned the practice; In the 2011 FA Cup Final, for the first time in the 21st century, City used a regular badge with a special legend, but the Manchester crest was included as a small monochrome logo on the numbers on the back of the players' shirts.
In 1997, a new club badge was adopted, as a result of which the previous badge was not eligible for registration as a trademark. The emblem was based on the arms of the city of Manchester and consisted of a shield in front of a golden eagle. The eagle is the old heraldic symbol of the city of Manchester; In 1958, a golden eagle was added to the city's coat of arms (but has since been removed), symbolizing the growing aviation industry. The upper half of the shield features a ship representing the Manchester Ship Canal, while the three diagonal stripes in the lower half represent the city's three rivers - the Irwell, the Irk and the Medlock. At the bottom of the badge is the motto "Superbia in Proelio", which translates from Latin as "Pride in Battle". Above the eagle and the shield are three stars, which was considered purely decorative.
On 15 October 2015, after years of fan criticism of the 1997 badge design, the club announced that they intended to hold a fan consultation on scrapping the club badge and introducing a new design. Following a consultation, the club announced in late November 2015 that the club's current badge would eventually be replaced by a new version designed in the style of the older, round versions. The design, which is a new mark, was accidentally leaked when the design was trademarked on December 22, two days before its official unveiling via IPO on December 26, 2015. The new design was officially unveiled at the club's home match against Sunderland on 26 December.
### Shirt Manufacturer and Shirt Partners
## Composition
### Main Composition
As of June 1, 2024
### New additions
### Resignations
## Board of Directors
\ <>
## Corporate Executives
## Coaching Staff
## Head Coaches
At least 1 major prize winner here coaches shown
## Stadium
Main article: Etihad Stadium
City of Manchester stadium in east Manchester, known as Etihad Stadium since 2011 for sponsorship reasons , leased from Manchester City Council for 200 years. Until the 2002–03 season, the club's home ground was Main Road. Manchester City spent more than £30 million converting the stadium into a football stadium before moving in, lowering the pitch, adding another floor around it and building a new North Stand. The first match at the new stadium was a 2-1 win over Barcelona in a friendly match. The 7,000-seat third tier in the South Stand was completed at the start of the 2015–16 football season. Current capacity is 53.97. The third level of the North Stand has planning consent and work is expected to begin in 2017, bringing the capacity to 61,000.
After playing in five stadiums between 1880 and 1887, the home ground settled at Hyde Road Football Ground for 36 years. In 1920, a fire broke out in the main stand at Hyde Road, and the move was made to the 84,000-capacity Main Road 3. A few years later, Maine Road, dubbed the "Wembley of the North" by its designers, set a record attendance of 84,569 for an FA Cup match against Stoke City on 3 March 1934. Main Road has been redeveloped several times over the past 80 years, and by 1995 its capacity was limited to 32,000, prompting City of Manchester to move to the ground in 2003. City of Manchester renamed Etihad Stadium in 2011 [149]
## Awards
### National trophies
* Champion of England 10 times: 1936/37, 1967/68, 2011/12, 2013/14, 2017/18, 2018/19, 2020/21, 2021/22, 2022/23, 2023/2024 Silver necklace 6 times: 1903/04, 1920/ 21, 1976/77, 2012/13, 2014/15, 2019/20
* FA Cup winner 7 times: 1904, 1934, 1956, 1969, 2011, 2019, 2023 Finalist 6 times: 1926, 1933, 1955, 1981. 1972, 2012, 2018, 2019 Finalist 6 times: 1934, 1956, 1969, 1973, 2011, 2014, 2023
* Full Members Club 6 times: 1986
### International
\< > * UEFA Cup Winners' Cup 1 time: 1970
* UEFA Champions League 1 time: 2023 Finalist 1 time: 2021
* UEFA Super Cup 1 time: 2023
* FIFA Club World Cup 1 time: 2023
## Current position in UEFA rankings
as of June 04, 2024
## Records
### Team
\< > * The first and only club (so far) to win the English Premier League 4 times in a row — 2020/21-2023/24
* Biggest score: 10:0 against Darwen on 18 February 1899 \< > * Biggest defeat: 0-12 against Liverpool Stanley on 4 October 1890
* Biggest National Championship defeat: 0-8 against Burton Wanderers on 24 December 1894, 0-8 against Wolverhampton Wanderers on 23 December 1933 0:8 against "Everton" on September 3, 1906 1:9 against "Small Heath" on March 7, 1893
* Biggest FA Cup defeat: January 30, 1897 "Preston North End" 0:6, 30 January 1946: 2:8 Bradford Park Avenue
* Largest stadium crowd: 84,569 against Stoke City on 3 March 1934
* So far the only club to win 18 consecutive English Premier League games
* The only club to score more than 60 points in 20 rounds
* The only club to score more than 60 goals in 20 rounds
The only club with 20 wins after the 20th round
* The only club with the most home wins so far - 32
* The only club with the most goals in the English Premier League so far - 106
* England So far, the only club with the most points in the Premier League - 100
* Manchester City - despite being 8 points behind the title on New Year's Eve, the third club to win at the end of the season
* The second club to win the FA Cup 4 times in a row (After "Liverpool", 1981-1984).
* The first club to win all domestic trophies in one year
### In terms of players and games
* The player who played the most games for City in the national championship: 564 games, Alan Oakes (1958-1976)
* Most appearances for City, all-round: 680 games Alan Oakes (1958-1976)
* Most appearances for City top scorer: 260 goals, Sergio Aguero (2011-2021)
* at City, top scorer in one season: 51 goals, Erling Holland (2022/23 season)
* at City , the only player to become the top goalscorer in two consecutive seasons and win the title: Erling Holland (2022/23 and 2023/24 seasons) came for £100m (August 2021)
* Most expensive player sold by City: Ferran Torres to Barcelona for £55.00m (2021)
## # Top goalscorers in the history of the Manchester City club (all sides)
Information recorded on 19.08.2021
In bold, currently playing players are marked
### Manchester City Players with the most appearances for the club (all sides)
## Data
* Number 23 in the club "Manchester City", will never be given to footballers again. After all, in 2003, in the game of the semi-final of the English Cup, the Cameroonian player of "City" Mark-Vivien Foe died of a heart attack, the serial number of this deceased player was 23. Therefore, this number is considered the darkest number in the history of "Manchester City".
* On April 26, 2011, "Manchester City" defender Kolo Toure was banned from football for 6 months due to doping. He was excused that he drank my wife's slimming medicine without realizing it. Then the FA committee punished the player by not playing between March 2 and September 2.
* On February 20, 2013, a 32-second video of Manchester City players dancing the Harlem Shake was posted on social networks. This video was shot in the gym. The mascot starts dancing at the beginning, and later, suddenly, everyone is dancing.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742062 | 2024 European Football Championship (final) | The final of the 2024 European Football Championship (English: UEFA Euro 2024 final) is a football game that ended the 2024 European Championship. The 17th final in the history of the European Championships.
The match was held on July 14, 2024 at the "Olympiastadion" stadium in Berlin. The teams of Spain and England participated in the final. The Spanish national team won 2:1 in the regular time and became the European champion for the fourth time.
## Road to the final
## Match
### Details
## # Stats
## Tactical expertise
A key aspect of Luis de la Fuente's team's victory in the European Championship final in Berlin in the second half is the center field there was an establishment of supremacy. UEFA's panel of technical observers analyzed the game and noted that although England tried to contain the Spaniards in the central area before the break, they could not cope with Spain's changed tactics in the second half.
Wing play played a key role in Spain's 2-1 win over England. The first goal, set up by Lamin Yamal and scored by Nico Williams, showed the efficiency of the flank attacks. However, a key factor in the win was Spain's dominance in midfield.
In the first half, England used individual defense against the Spanish midfielders. For example, Phil Foden kept Rodry under control, Declan Rice kept Dani Olmo under control, and Cobby Maynou kept Fabian Ruiz under control. This allowed the English to win the ball back more often.
Due to this defense, Spain found it difficult to advance through the center, they were forced to play through the left flank. Mark Cucurella and Williams were active in that area, and that was reflected in the passing stats between the lines.
The second half was completely different. Spain lost Rodry, who was named the Player of the Tournament, and was replaced by Martin Subimendi. Fabian Ruiz began to play deeper, creating more space for combinations and penetrating passes. England's midfielders were unable to press both effectively at the same time, which led to gaps in their defence.
An example of changes in the second half is the attack in the 47th minute. The Spaniards switched the ball from flank to flank to find empty areas. Fabian Ruiz made a pass to Dani Carvajal who went forward. Yamal moved inside, creating dangerous moments between the lines. Jude Bellingham switched to Ruiz, leaving Yamal free, while Luke Shaw was left with a choice between Carvajal and Yamal. This allowed Yamal to create a scoring opportunity for Williams, who immediately scored.
De la Fuente noted that the substitution of Subimendi in place of Rodri helped to keep the game structured, allowing the Spaniards to use the flanks more effectively and open up empty areas with individual passing forwards. He also said that his players showed composure in the second half, which allowed them to create many dangerous moments in counter-attacks.
The combination of Yamal and Williams was very important during the first goal. Yamal, named the tournament's Young Player of the Year, scored his fourth assist, while Williams became the youngest player to score in a European Championship final since 1968. UEFA's panel of technical observers noted that Spain caused many problems for England with their creative wings and was the best team of the tournament.
## Sources
## External links
* Official site |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742099 | Thomas Matthew Crooks | Thomas Matthew Crooks (English. Thomas Matthew Crooks; September 20, 2003, Bethel Park, Pennsylvania, USA - July 13, 2024, Meridian, Butler, Pennsylvania, USA) is an American who attempted to kill Donald Trump at a rally on July 13. As a result of the assassination, Donald Trump was slightly injured, but in the course of the shooting, 1 person died, 3 people were injured, two of them were hospitalized.
## Biography
Born in Bennell Park, a suburb of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and raised in Bethel Park, Pennsylvania. . Graduated from Benel Park High School. After finishing school, he received a $500 prize from the National Math & Science Initiative Star Award for academic excellence. Crooks enjoyed chess and video games, and learned to program.
Two months before the assassination, he received an associate's degree in engineering from his college. At the time of the assassination, he was working as a dietitian's assistant in a nursing home. According to the facility management, he did his job honestly..
He had no criminal record and according to the FBI, Crooks had no mental problems.
## Assassination of Trump
On July 13, 2024, Crooks climbed onto the roof of a building 120 meters from where Donald Trump was speaking with an AR-15 rifle. The first shot hit Trump in the ear. The rest of the bullets hit other people standing nearby. 1 person died, 3 people were injured, two of them were hospitalized. Crooks was killed by a Security Service countersniper team.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742110 | Диклофенак | Diclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDS), a derivative of phenylacetic acid. It is used as medicine in the form of free acid, sodium salt and potassium salt.
It was first developed in 1966 in the research laboratory of Ciba-Geigy (now Novartis). It is initially used in the treatment of rheumatological diseases due to its immediate anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect. Subsequently, the scope of application has expanded significantly. Currently, it is used in surgery, traumatology, sports medicine, neurology, gynecology, urology, oncology and ophthalmology.
## Scope of use in medicine
Diclofenac is used for pain, inflammation and dysmenorrhea.
## Indications for use of the drug
* in inflammatory and degenerative diseases of the musculoskeletal system: rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, spondyloarthritis, osteoarthritis;
* during spinal diseases accompanied by pain syndrome;
* in rheumatic diseases of extra-articular soft tissues;
* when caught by gout; (only for enteric coated tablets);
* during post-traumatic and postoperative pain syndromes accompanied by inflammation and swelling;
* during gynecological diseases accompanied by pain syndrome and inflammation (for example, primary algodismenorrhea, adnexitis);
* as an adjunct to severe infectious-inflammatory diseases of the ear, throat and nose accompanied by a severe pain syndrome, for example, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, otitis (except retard tablets). The main treatment of the disease is carried out according to generally accepted principles, including the use of etiotropic therapy. Isolated fever is not an indication for the use of the drug;
* at the onset of migraine (only for suppositories).
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741993 | Nadezhda Suslova | Nadezhda Prokofievna Suslovna (September 1, 1843 – April 20, 1918) was the first female doctor in Russia and the younger sister of Polina Suslova. She worked as a gynecologist in Lower Novgorod and participated in many charity events.
## Early life
Nadezhda was born in the village of Panino, Lower Novgorod province, the second of three children. His father, Prokofiy, and mother, Anna, were servants of the Sheremetev family, but Prokofiy succeeded as a merchant and manufacturer. He wanted to give proper education to his daughters, Polina (short form of Apollinaria) and Nadezhda. They had a tutor and a dance teacher at home. Later, Nadezhda entered Penichkau boarding school in Moscow and learned several foreign languages. Like other young people of that time, Nadezhda loved to read books, liked the works of Nikolai Chernyshevsky and Dobrolyubov, and was friends with revolutionary democrats. In 1859, the Suslov sisters moved to St. Petersburg. In 1861, his short stories "Rasskaz v pislimsakh" and "Fantazyorka" were published in the newspaper "Sovremennik". These stories espoused a feminist, nihilist philosophy, for which she faced political trouble. In the 1860s, Nadezhda Suslova joined the revolutionary organization "Land and Freedom".
## Education
Ivan Sechenov and Sergey Botkin allow Suslova to attend classes at the Imperial Military Medical Academy with another young woman, Maria Obrucheva (Bokova), a revolutionary sympathizer she met at school. After that, Suslova's first article entitled "Changes in skin sensations under the influence of electrical stimulation" was published in 1862 in the "Medicinsky vestnik" newspaper. After women were officially banned from universities in 1865, she moved to Switzerland, partly influenced by the arrests of her brothers and sisters and Bokova and her husband for their political activities. In Switzerland, she attended medical classes at the University of Zurich for two years, then became an official student when the university opened to women. She intended to study midwifery in Paris for her doctoral studies, but moved to St. Petersburg instead. For his thesis, he studied the muscle reflexes of frogs and their relation to the function of the lymphatic heart in Sechenov's laboratory at the Medical University of Graz. Nadezhda Suslova graduated in 1867. Suslova defended her research and knowledge in front of a large audience and the medical faculty, becoming the first Russian woman to receive the degree of Doctor of Medicine.
## Career and Research
In 1868, in Germany, Suslova published a summary of her dissertation research, the first publication after receiving her doctorate. Suslova (at that time Erismann) had to pass a special exam in 1868 to get permission to practice medicine in Russia. He then began practicing gynecology and pediatrics in St. Petersburg with patients from all socioeconomic groups. The following year, Friedrich Erismann moved to St. Petersburg, and the couple worked together in a medical practice and research on public health issues affecting the city's slums. After a divorce and another period of police surveillance, he moves to Lower Novgorod to continue his practice. After some time, she moved to Alushta with her second husband, Alexander Golubev, and provided free medical care to the local poor Tatar population. During this period of his life he became known for his philanthropy and building a library and school on his property to serve the local people.
## Personal life
On April 16, 1868, Suslova married Friedrich Erismann in Vienna, Austria. They met when they were students at the University of Zurich. The couple divorced on August 18, 1883. In 1885, Suslova started a family with Alexander Golubev, professor of histology and doctor.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742113 | High voltage circuit breaker | high-voltage circuit breaker is a switching device for turning on and off current. The switch is the main device installed in electrical installations, disconnects the circuit in any mode. It consists of a junction, an arc extinguishing chamber, an insulator, a current-carrying part and a driving mechanism (electromagnetic drive, manual drive).
High-voltage circuit breakers are used in power stations and substations. Nominal voltage ranges from 6 kV to 500 kV.
The requirements for circuit breakers are as follows:
* Reliably cut off any current
* Speed of action
* Ease of checking connections
* Fire and explosion safety
\ <> ## Parameters
* Nominal voltage Unom
* Nominal current Inom
* Nominal breaking current Iotkl.nom — the maximum current value that the breaker can break
## Classification \< >
### Oil breaker
The first breaker to appear. Connections are located inside the steel tank. Oil is poured into the tank. When extinguishing, an arc appears between the contacts, when the oil evaporates, the resulting vapor extinguishes the arc.
### Air circuit breaker
In an air circuit breaker, the arc is extinguished with compressed air. Electrical connections and current-carrying parts are insulated with porcelain. The advantage of these circuit breakers is that there is no risk of fire and explosion compared to oil circuit breakers. Its electrical strength is 2-3 times higher than that of air. The disconnection capacity of these switches is higher than other types, the disadvantage of which is the high cost of electrical insulation.
### Vacuum breaker
Vacuum has higher electrical strength than air. Vacuum circuit breakers are often used in closed switchgear.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742090 | Frederick Lorz | Frederick Robert James "Fred" Lorz (English. Frederick Robert James "Fred" Lorz; June 5, 1884, Manhattan, New York - February 4, 1914, Bronx, New York) - American athlete, marathoner. Participated in the 1904 Summer Olympics.
## Biography
Participates in the 1904 Olympic Games and wins a gold medal. But it was revealed that he grossly violated the rules. 14.5 km in the marathon race. after running, gets into his manager's car and travels 17.7 km by car. He runs the rest of the distance easily and reaches the finish line first. The organizers immediately found out about this trick and did not register the result. Another American, Thomas Hicks, who came second, won the gold medal. Frederik Lorz was disqualified. The athlete explained his actions as a joke.
died of pneumonia in 1914.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742086 | Rust Belt | Rust Belt (English: Rust Belt, sometimes Factory Belt) is a region located in the northeastern part of the United States. It includes western New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, West Virginia, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan's lower peninsula, southeastern Wisconsin, and small parts of Kentucky, New Jersey, and St. Louis. Cities in the Rust Belt include Buffalo, Chicago, Cleveland, Detroit, Gary, Milwaukee, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Rochester, Toledo, Trenton, Youngstown, and many others.
The term "Rust Belt" is a dysphemism describing a "rusty" industry. Deindustrialization, economic decline, depopulation, and urban decay resulted from the departure of industries such as steelmaking, engineering, and coal mining from the region. This term has been used by the US people since the 1980s.
## History
Prior to World War II, cities in the Rust Belt region were some of the largest in the United States. However, at the end of the 20th century, their population decreased the most in the country.
The Rust Belt has faced industrial decline since the 1950s. US manufacturing's share of US GDP peaked in 1953 and has been declining ever since. The decline in the importance of manufacturing to the US economy has led to a decline in manufacturing facilities in the Rust Belt that have existed since the late 20th century.
US presidential candidates have been paying some attention to the economic situation in the region since the 1980s. One of the reasons for this is swing states like Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin that are part of the Toth region. These states were critical to Donald Trump's 2016 presidential victory, his 2020 loss to Democrat Joe Biden, and the upcoming 2024 presidential election.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741894 | Fabrizio Romano | Fabrizio Romano (ital. Fabrizio Romano) is an Italian sports journalist and reporter for Sky Sport Italy. Considered the most famous and trusted insiders on the subject of football transfers.
## Biography
He started writing about football at the age of 16. As a sports journalist, Mauro Icardi, a player of the Barcelona club, received his first title when he spoke about his future.
At the age of 19, he started working as a journalist for Sky Sport Italy, and from that time he started communicating with players' agents and club managers. Worked as a reporter for The Guardian, CBS Sports.
Known for his catchphrase "Here we go". Actively maintains Twitter, Facebook and Instagram accounts.
## Personal life
Born in Naples. He graduated from the Catholic University of the Sacred Heart in Milan. Fan of Watford club. Polyglot, speaks English, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742082 | Kazakh Philharmonic | The Kazakh State Academic Philharmonic named after Zhambyl is a concert-ring cultural institution in Almaty. It was established on January 14, 1935 according to the Resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of the Kazakh SSR. Initially, it was organized by the Kazakh musicologist, academician Ahmet Zhubanov as a regional art-concert organization. In 1938, the institution was named after Zhambyl Zhabaev.
## History and structure
At first, the Philharmonic was composed of a drummers' ensemble consisting of 14 musicians, then an orchestra of folk instruments (named after Kurmangazy Sagyrbayuly since 1944), the National Choir (in 1939, the State Choir rebuilt as a chapel), B. String quartet created by Lebedev, Kazakh-Russian song and dance ensemble "Zhetisu".
In 1939, M.M. Ivanov-Sokolovsky and L. M. A symphony orchestra led by Shargorodsky was organized.
Artists such as Dina Nurpeyisova, Zhappas Kalambaev, Malik Zhappasbaev, Zhusipbek Elebekov, Kosymzhan Babakov, Manarbek Yerzhanov, Shara Zhienkulova contributed to the development of the Philharmonic.
In the 1970s and 1980s, Gulzhamila Kadyrbekova, Zhaniya Aubakirova, Ayman Musakozhaeva, Gauhar Myrzabekova, Galiya Moldakarimova and others participated in the Kazakh Philharmonic Orchestra. b. performed.
Folklore-ethnographic orchestra "Otyrar Sazy" was founded in 1982 by Nurgisa Atabayuly Tilendiev, People's Artist of Kazakhstan and the USSR, State Prize laureate, People's Hero, musician-composer, conductor. In 1999, the orchestra was named after N. Tylendiev, and in 2000, it received the status of "academy".
December 6, 2023, in accordance with the resolution of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan #1085, the Kazakh State Philharmonic named after Zhambyl received the status of "Academy". Currently, the Philharmonic has 7 collectives and individual soloists:
* N. Academic folk-ethnographic orchestra "Otyrar sazy" named after Tylendiev. ;
* B. Baikadamov State Choir Chapel;
* Vol. State Academic Symphony Orchestra of the Republic of Kazakhstan named after Abdirashev;
* State Wind Instrument Orchestra of the Republic of Kazakhstan;
* State pine woodwind quintet;
* G. State String Quartet named after Zhubanova.
* Quintet of State Classical Guitarists.
The Kazakh State Academic Philharmonic named after Zhambyl annually organizes the Republican festival "Our art is for you - Kazakhstan", the competition of Republican traditional singers named after A. Kashaubaev, N. Holding the Tylendiev Republican Conductors Competition, the International Academy for Wind Instruments, the festival-concert of "Gul Almaty - Flower city" children's and youth choirs, the annual subscription and subscription concert series for children, national and symphonic music concerts, lectures and other events comes
## Philharmonic building
The Philharmonic building was built in 1933-1936 by Leningrad architects D. Fomin, E. Zeitlin, designer V. It was built by Railyan as a palace of culture. Artists for the project E. Sidorkin and O. Mantis involved. Until now, two lion masquerades by Ivan Vahek have stood out from the exterior design. Before the construction of the Sports Palace in 1967, the building was the largest concert venue in the republic.
During the Great Patriotic War, the Central United Film Studio (UBKS), which united the leading film studios of the Soviet government, was located there, where outstanding cinematographers S. Eisenstein, Vasiliev brothers, N. Cherkasov, B. Babochkin, M. Bernes, I. Pyryev, M. Zharov, G. Kozintsev, V. Maretskaya and others worked. In addition, the films "Two Warriors" and "Ivan the Terrible" were shot.
In 1983-1985, architects Y. Ratushny, T. Eraliev, O. Balykbaev, designer, etc. Reconstruction was carried out according to the project of Syzdykov, and then "Kazakhconcert" was arranged here. The audience hall, decorated with a portrait gallery of the founders of Kazakh music, has exceptional acoustics.
In 2018, the building was handed over to the Kazakh State Academic Philharmonic named after Zhambyl.
## Architecture
The building is an architectural monument of the 30s of the 20th century, built in the stylistic characteristics of "simplified classicism". The theater building was built in transitional trends from classicism to functionalism. The volume of the three-story, rectangular building in the stylobate faces the main facade to the west. The main entrance, located on the central axis of the architectural monument, is characterized by deep loggias in the form of a stylized portico. The pediment of the building is decorated with an embossed panel on the theme of Kazakh musical folklore. The foundation of the structure is rubble, and the walls are a reinforced concrete frame filled with bricks. The planning system of the building is arranged sequentially along the central axis of the room.
## Monument status
On January 26, 1984, the Executive Committee of the Almaty City Council of People's Deputies adopted Decision No. 2/35 "On Monuments of Almaty History and Culture of Local Importance", where Kazakhconcert building is shown. The decision envisages the formalization of the duty of security and the development of projects for the restoration of monuments.
On November 10, 2010, a new state list of historical and cultural monuments of local significance of Almaty city was approved, at the same time, all previous decisions on this issue were recognized as invalid. In this resolution, the status of the philharmonic building as a monument of local importance was preserved. The borders of the security zones were approved in 2014.
## Sources
## Links
* Official website |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=741968 | Karabakh (Uzbekistan) | Karabau, Karabausai (Uzb. Qorabov/Корабов) is a mountain river (say) in the Ahangaran district of Tashkent region, the right tributary of the Ahangaran River. It is the last river whose water reaches Ahangaran all year round.
## Hydrological characteristics
The length of Karabau is 17 km, water basin — 184 km². The width of the mouth is 10 m, the depth is 1.0 m, the bottom is hard. The average annual water consumption measured in the vicinity of Samarshky Winter is 3.2 m³/s. Moreover, 70-75% of the annual flow comes from March to June. Floods are sometimes observed in the stream channel with an average flow speed of 81 m³/s. The highest recorded water flow is 114 m³/s (April 8, 1959).
Karabau is mainly fed by springs. Although it experiences a sharp decrease in water content in the second half of summer (in the order of liters per second), it does not dry up throughout the year due to the nature of its nutrition.
Karabau is the last tributary that reaches the Ahangaran River year-round.
## River flow
According to "Uzbekistan National Encyclopedia", Karabau flows from the southeastern slope of Kyzylnur mountain and originates from the Shatkal ridge. On the topographical maps of the General Staff, the name Karabau is located below the mouth of the Kyrykytysai and Kaltabaran rivers.
The stream flows in a generally southerly direction, with only slight bends. Mazarzhan, Taman, Kyzylsu mountains pass to the west. A children's camp was established under the peak of Kyzylsu. There are settlements of Katagan, Aktereng, and Zhushaly on the banks of the Karabau estuary, and further the river flows along the western edge of Angren city (Karabau, Samarshik, Maidan, Saglam districts) and flows from the right to Ahangaran. A little higher than the connection, it intersects with the Tashkent-Angren railway line.
## Branches
Kuakolsay, Kamysty, Shinaul, Semgensay flow into the river below the confluence of Kyrykytysay and Kaltabaran.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742136 | Administrative units of Kenya | Kenya administrative units (English. Subdivisions of Kenya) — until 2013, Kenya was divided into 8 provinces and 71 counties. Since March 2013, it has been divided into 47 districts.
Kenyan branches have been operating since 2010, replacing the old system. Under the 2010 Constitution and other reforms to provincial administration, the country got a new county system. Former provinces were abolished, and 46 districts, which have been operating since 1992, have become districts with elected governments.
Counties are divided into sub-counties and further into 290 constituencies, then into 1450 constituencies (corresponding to district government assembly constituencies) and villages. The city of Nairobi, which has the status of a full administrative province, will become a county.
Under the old constitution, Kenya consisted of eight provinces, each with a provincial commissioner (centrally appointed by the president). Provinces (singular mikoa plural in Swahili) were divided into districts (vilaya). According to the 1999 census, there were 69 districts. Then the districts were divided into 497 divisions (taraf). The divisions are then divided into 2,427 locations (mtaa) and then 6,612 sublocations (mtaa mdogo).
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742124 | Aibar Olzhaev | Aibar Kaynaruly Olzhaev (August 1, 1983, Almaty) is a well-known PR specialist, journalist, publicist, OSCE national consultant on Kazakh communication, former vice-president of the "PR-shi" club.
## Biography
Aibar Olzhai was born on August 1, 1983 in the Medeu district of Almaty in a family of journalists. He came from the Naiman clan of Orda Yuz.
At the age of three, he moved to the city of Karaganda due to his father's work. In 1988, he returned to Almaty. In 1990, he went to school #123 in Almaty. In 1994, he transferred to secondary school No. 141, in 2000 he graduated from the same school and entered the department of "television/radio journalism" at Al-Farabi Kazakh National University. Graduated in 2004.
### Position
In 2003, when he was a student, he started working on the "Ontustik Astana" TV channel. In 2007, he transferred to the position of correspondent of "Astana" TV channel in Almaty. In 2009, he started working as an expert in the Almaty bureau of "Seventh Channel", and then he was appointed as the bureau chief. In 2012, he was invited to the position of Deputy General Director of "Almaty" TV channel. In his position, Aibar Olzhaev will be responsible for internal television production, creative work and advertising. In 2014, the mayor of Almaty Akhmetzhan Yesimov invited him to work as his press secretary/head of the press service.
After the change of mayor of Almaty in 2015, he was invited to the position of press secretary of JSC "Housing Construction Savings Bank of Kazakhstan". And in 2017, the press service of "Baiterek" National Management Holding, which is a shareholder of the bank, invited Aibar Olzhaev to the head office in Astana.
In March 2018, the first President of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev, announced the "7-20-25" mortgage and entrusted its implementation to the National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The National Bank has urgently created a subsidiary organization "Haspana" for it. In June 2018, the management of the "Baspana" mortgage organization invites Aibar Olzhaev to work for the promotion and communication of the new mortgage. On July 5, 2018, the "7-20-25" program officially began its work with the issuance of the first mortgage loan. Aibar Olzhaev has been continuously conducting the communication service of the most popular "7-20-25" mortgage from the very beginning.
At the end of 2019, the "Baspana" mortgage company launched a commercial mortgage that provides loans to existing houses in order to meet the needs of residents. At that time, Aibar Olzhaev came up with the name Baspana Hit. "Baspana Hit" successfully passed the full cycle, issued 600 billion tenge mortgages and was scheduled to end on December 31, 2021.
In 2020, Baspana merged with another subsidiary of the National Bank - Kazakhstan Stability Fund. Aibar Olzhaev moved to the joint company with "Baspana" team.
Lecturer at the "UNESCO and Communication" department at Al-Farabi Kazakh National University. External lecturer at AlmaU University School of Media and Cinema.
### Family
Father Kainar Kaliakparuly Olzhai is a writer, journalist, deputy chairman of the Board of JSC "Kazakhstan RTRK". The author of the books "The saga between the earth and the sky", "It is difficult to feed sheep".
His mother, Guljanat Shaimerdenovna Kustanova, is a journalist, editor-in-chief of the magazines "Psychology in school. Psychology in school", "Key of knowledge - Klyuch znannym", "Pedagog", "Holidays in school".
Aybar Olzhaev has been married to Almagul Olzhaeva since 2005. Has three children. Daughter - Olzhaeva Adel is studying obstetrician-gynecology at Aegean University in Turkey. Sons Daniyar and Sanzhar Olzhaev will study in upper secondary school classes as of 2024.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742130 | Teresa & Maria | "Teresa & Maria" is a song by Ukrainian rapper Alyona Alyona and Ukrainian singer Jerry Heil. Described as a song of hope, endurance and strength inspired by the humanity of Albanian-Indian Roman Catholic saints Mother Teresa and Mary, it was written by Alona Savranenko, Anton Chilibi, Ivan Klimenko and Yana Shemaeva. On January 11, 2024, it was released under the ENKO label and represented Ukraine at the Eurovision 2024 song contest, taking 3rd place with 453 points.
## Charts
### Weekly Charts
### Monthly Charts
# # Release history
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742125 | Composite ridge | The compound ridge (Uzb. Qurama tizmasi, Kurama tizmasi) is a mountain range in the Western Tanyr mountain, the southwestern spur of the Shatkal ridge.
## Description
The compound ridge limits the Fergana valley from the northwest and is located on the border of Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. The north-western slopes of the Kamanda range are located in the Tashkent region of Uzbekistan. Its length is about 170 km and the height of individual peaks reaches up to 3769 meters (Mount Babayab).
Middle mountainous topography prevails. At an altitude of 2300 meters, there are broadleaf-coniferous forests, juniper sedge groves, walnut, alpine meadows and fescue meadows on the northern slopes, and steppes and xerophilous shrubs on the lower slopes.
The ridge is the watershed of the Angren and Syrdarya river basins.
There are deposits of copper (Karamazar) and fluorite (Naugarzan) in the southwestern part of the Kamalada ridge.
## Literature
* Kuraminsky ridge. Geographical encyclopedic dictionary: Geographical names / Ch. editor A. F. Tryoshnikov. M.: "Soviet encyclopedia", 1986, — 528 p. S. 240. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742148 | Scientist Kuanyshuly Aitbaev | Galym Kuanyshuly Aitbayev (August 20, 1983, Oymauit, Sayram district) is an honored citizen of Kazakhstan. Patriot, philanthropist, public figure.
Studied at a sports boarding school in Shymkent. Graduated from Karaganda Bolashak University with a degree in law. He is married and has 5 children.
Vice-President of the Federation of the Republic of Kazakhstan "Jappai Kokpar". He was the first national sympathizer to issue the rule of kukpar in Kazakhstan. Agricultural owner.
Patron sponsoring sports games of Kazakhstan. Distributor of products of Kazakhstan for export, abroad.
## Awards
* Laureate of the badges named after Baurzhan Momyshuly, "Batyr Shapagaty", "Kurmet Halyk"
* Awarded with a letter of thanks from the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Kemeluly.
* Awarded with "Golden Heart" nomination for charity work.
* For his contribution to the strengthening of the country and the development of Kazakhstan, he was awarded the medal "El Janashiry" and the Letter of Appreciation of the Amanat Party |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742111 | Aibar Kaynaruly Olzhaev | Aibar Kaynaruly Olzhaev (August 1, 1983, Almaty) is a well-known PR specialist, journalist, publicist, OSCE national consultant on Kazakh communication, former vice-president of the "PR-shi" club.
## Biography
Aibar Olzhai was born on August 1, 1983 in the Medeu district of Almaty in a family of journalists. He came from the Naiman clan of Orda Yuz.
At the age of three, he moved to the city of Karaganda due to his father's work. In 1988, he returned to Almaty. In 1990, he went to school #123 in Almaty. In 1994, he transferred to secondary school No. 141, in 2000 he graduated from the same school and entered the department of "television/radio journalism" at Al-Farabi Kazakh National University. Graduated in 2004.
### Position
In 2003, when he was a student, he started working on the "Ontustik Astana" TV channel. In 2007, he transferred to the position of correspondent of "Astana" TV channel in Almaty. In 2009, he started working as an expert in the Almaty bureau of "Seventh Channel", and then he was appointed as the bureau chief. In 2012, he was invited to the position of Deputy General Director of "Almaty" TV channel. In his position, Aibar Olzhaev will be responsible for internal television production, creative work and advertising. In 2014, the mayor of Almaty Akhmetzhan Yesimov invited him to work as his press secretary/head of the press service.
After the change of mayor of Almaty in 2015, he was invited to the position of press secretary of JSC "Housing Construction Savings Bank of Kazakhstan". And in 2017, the press service of "Baiterek" National Management Holding, which is a shareholder of the bank, invited Aibar Olzhaev to the head office in Astana.
In March 2018, the first President of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev, announced the "7-20-25" mortgage and entrusted its implementation to the National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The National Bank has urgently created a subsidiary organization "Haspana" for it. In June 2018, the management of the "Baspana" mortgage organization invites Aibar Olzhaev to work for the promotion and communication of the new mortgage. On July 5, 2018, the "7-20-25" program officially began its work with the issuance of the first mortgage loan. Aibar Olzhaev has been continuously conducting the communication service of the most popular "7-20-25" mortgage from the very beginning.
At the end of 2019, the "Baspana" mortgage company launched a commercial mortgage that provides loans to existing houses in order to meet the needs of residents. At that time, Aibar Olzhaev came up with the name Baspana Hit. "Baspana Hit" successfully passed the full cycle, issued 600 billion tenge mortgages and was scheduled to end on December 31, 2021.
In 2020, Baspana merged with another subsidiary of the National Bank - Kazakhstan Stability Fund. Aibar Olzhaev moved to the joint company with "Baspana" team.
Lecturer at the "UNESCO and Communication" department at Al-Farabi Kazakh National University. External lecturer at AlmaU University School of Media and Cinema.
### Family
Father Kainar Kaliakparuly Olzhai is a writer, journalist, deputy chairman of the Board of JSC "Kazakhstan RTRK". The author of the books "The saga between the earth and the sky", "It is difficult to feed sheep".
His mother, Guljanat Shaimerdenovna Kustanova, is a journalist, editor-in-chief of the magazines "Psychology in school. Psychology in school", "Key of knowledge - Klyuch znannym", "Pedagog", "Holidays in school".
Aybar Olzhaev has been married to Almagul Olzhaeva since 2005. Has three children. Daughter - Olzhaeva Adel is studying obstetrician-gynecology at Aegean University in Turkey. Sons Daniyar and Sanzhar Olzhaev will study in upper secondary school classes as of 2024.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742147 | State list of historical and cultural monuments of local significance of Kostanay region | The state list of historical and cultural monuments of local significance of Kostanay region was approved by Resolution No. 125 of March 31, 2020 of the Kostanay region akimat. 11.10.2022 No. 443 of the Kostanay region akimat to the state list; Changes were made by Resolution No. 184 dated 04.05.2024.
## Altynsarin district
## Amangeldi district
## Auliekol district
## Denisov district
## Zhangeldi district
## Zhitikara district
## Kamysty district
## Karabalik district
## Karasu district
## Kostanay district
## Mendikara district
\ <> ## Nauryzym district
## Sarykol district
## Beimbet Mailin district
## Uzynkol district
\ <>
## Fedorov district
## Arkalyk city
## Lisakovsk city
## Rudny city \< >
## Kostanay city
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742089 | Auytkymaly state | Swing state (English. Swing state, swing state, English. Purple state, purple state) is a term used in elections in the United States, which arose from the majoritarian electoral system. A swing state is a state that can elect both Democrats and Republicans. Election results in purple states usually get a lot of attention because they are often decisive.
Due to the "winner-take-all" feature of the relative majority system, candidates for the presidency often actively conduct their election campaigns only in swing states. Swing states change every election cycle, and whether a state is swing or solid is often determined by polling.
## Name
A state that always votes for one party is called a "blue" or "red" state by Americans; blue is the symbol of the Democratic Party, while red is the symbol of the Republican Party. The state name "Purple" derives from the color purple, which comes from the combination of red and blue.
## Background
In the American presidential election, the people of the United States vote not for a candidate in the election, but for an elector in each state's electoral college. That voter looks at the results of the election, votes for the candidates and elects them.
In US elections, the people of each state can choose how their electors in the Electoral College will vote. To maximize their desired outcome in the Electoral College system, every state except Maine and Nebraska has chosen a proportional-majority system, in which the candidate with the most votes in the state wins the votes of all of that state's electors. For example, if 51% of Ohio's population voted for the Republican candidate, then all 18 electors in the state (100%) voted for the Republican candidate. This system is called "winner-take-all" in English for that reason.
Due to this peculiarity of the electoral system, the election campaigns are not concerned with increasing the popular vote of the candidate, but only with reaching the majority of voters in swing states.
In the results of the last election, the Republican candidates won Idaho, Wyoming, South and North Dakota, Montana, Utah, Kansas, Oklahoma, Nebraska, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky and South Carolina, as well as Alaska. expected to be easily achieved. Democrats are generally more popular in New York, New Jersey, Maryland, Virginia, Delaware, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Oregon, Washington, Hawaii, Colorado, Illinois, and Minnesota.
## Swing States
In June 2024, BBC News classified the following states as swing states:
* Arizona;
* Georgia;
* Michigan;
* Nevada;
* Pennsylvania;
* Wisconsin. In July of that year, Emerson College polls included North Carolina among the swing states.
## Sources
## See Also
* US Electoral College |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742064 | 2024 European Football Championship | The 2024 European Football Championship (German: Fußball-Europameisterschaft 2024) is the 17th European Football Championship. It will be held in Germany in 2024. Germany previously held the European Championship in 1988.
The opening match of the Euro 2024 championship started on Saturday, June 14, with a match between Germany and Scotland. The match was held in the Allianz Arena stadium in Munich. Group stage matches were held from June 14 to June 26.
1/8 final matches will be held from June 29 to July 2. The quarter finals will be held on July 5 and 6. Semi-final matches will be played on July 9 and 10. The final of Euro 2024 will be held on July 14.
The Euro 2024 final will be held in Berlin on July 14 at the "Olympiastadion" arena. Tickets for this decisive match, sold through UEFA, range in price from $95 to $2,000.
The stadium "Olympiastadion" in Berlin has a capacity of 74,475 spectators. The stadium was specially built for the 1936 Summer Olympics. Since 1963, the stadium has been the home arena of the Hertha team. In addition, the German national team sometimes plays its home matches in this stadium.
## History
### Candidates and host country selection
Denmark, Sweden, Norway and Finland will initially host the Euro 2024 or 2028 championships showed interest, and Estonia and the Netherlands expressed similar intentions. However, none of these countries has made an official bid.
The Scandinavian countries (Denmark, Sweden, Norway and Finland) are among the countries that have expressed interest in hosting the tournament, hoping to host the European Championship in 2024 or 2028. However, the president of the Swedish Football Association, Karl-Erik Nilsson, withdrew the application, saying that it did not meet the requirements. The Netherlands and Estonia have also expressed their readiness to host the Euro-2024 tournament.
The application deadline was March 3, 2017. As a result, only Turkey and Germany were interested in hosting Euro-2024. The selection of the country of the Euro-2024 tournament took place on September 27, 2018. 17 out of 20 members of the UEFA executive committee took part in the vote. Germany won by a simple majority (12 votes), while Turkey received 4 votes, with one member abstaining.
In the EURO-2024 regulations, special attention was paid to the criteria of sustainable development. The organizers of the tournament have created three regional clusters in order to reduce the number of teams and fans moving. This decision will reduce the number of flights by 75% compared to EURO-2016.
### Prize fund
In December 2023, UEFA approved the procedure for the allocation of funds for the Euro-2024 tournament. The total prize pool of the 2024 European Championship is 331 million euros. Previously, only 16 teams participated in the tournament, but since 2016, 24 teams have participated, and another stage of the playoffs has been added. Thus, after 2012, the prize fund increased significantly: from 196 million to 301 million in four years.
Each national team participating in the championship will receive 9.25 million euros. UEFA allocated 228 million euros for basic payments to all 24 national teams.
Group stage results are valued separately: €1 million for each win and €500,000 for a draw. No money is given for defeat. If the team goes to the playoffs, they will receive another 1.5 million euros. 2.5 million euros will be awarded for reaching the quarter-finals, 4 million euros for the semi-finals, and 5 million euros for the final. The winner of the tournament will receive an additional 3 million euros. That is, the team that wins all the matches will earn a total of 28.25 million euros.
The prize fund in Euros is not paid directly to football players and coaches, it is transferred to the accounts of national federations. They decide how to spend this money.
Solidarity payments for clubs
UEFA allocated 240 million euros for solidarity payments for clubs of players participating in the Euro-2024 tournament. The amount of payouts does not depend on the results of the actual matches. UEFA calculates how many days a football player has been in the national team. The calculation starts 10 days before the first match and ends after the elimination of the team from the tournament.
UEFA divided the clubs into three categories. For the first category, 8,700 euros are paid per day of one football player's stay in the national team, for the second category - 5,800 euros, for the third category - 2,900 euros. It has not been announced which club belongs to which category.
### The official ball of the tournament
The official ball of Euro-2024 is called Fusballliebe, which means "love of football" in German. UEFA's long-time partner Adidas unveiled its new ball in November 2023. This time, Connected Ball technology was used, which helps the video referees to evaluate the episodes faster. In Europe, the official ball of Euro-2024 is sold for 120-140 euros.
## Qualification
53 countries participated in the qualifying tournament. 24 teams will participate in the final tournament, one of which is automatically selected as the host of the tournament. The remaining 23 places are played through the qualifying tournament, 20 of which are directly awarded to the first or second place teams in the qualifying group, and 3 places are determined by playoff matches. 21 out of 24 teams were determined in the draw held in December 2023. The 20 teams are the winners and runners-up of the 10 qualifying groups, and one team is the host Germany. The qualifying tournament will be held as follows: 7 groups of 5 countries and 3 groups of 6 countries.
For the remaining three places, the 2022/2023 UEFA Nations League group winners (four teams from each league) will compete in a play-off. The 12 teams of the 2022/2023 Nations League, which did not qualify directly through the qualifying tournament, took part in the play-off matches.
The draw for the qualifying tournament took place on October 9, 2022, and the draw for the final stage took place on December 2, 2023.
The Russian national team has been disqualified due to the country's invasion of Ukraine and thus will miss the tournament for the first time since 2000.
### Teams that qualified for the final tournament
## Stadiums
Ten cities that will host the Euro 2024 tournament: Berlin, Dortmund, Dusseldorf, Frankfurt am Main , Gelsenkirchen, Hamburg, Cologne, Leipzig, Munich and Stuttgart. The games will be held in the following ten stadiums. The Euro-2024 tournament will be held in 10 German cities, and 10 stadiums in these cities will host the tournament.
Large stadiums: Berlin: Stadium for 71,000 spectators. Munich: 66,000 capacity stadium. Dortmund: 62,000 capacity stadium. Small stadiums: Leipzig: Stadium for 40,000 spectators. This is the stadium with the smallest capacity of the Euro-2024 tournament.
The geographic location of the Euro-2024 tournament is similar to the 2006 World Cup held in Germany. 18 years ago, 12 stadiums were used in 12 cities. However, three stadiums from that list - Nuremberg, Hanover and Kaiserslautern - were excluded from the list of participants of the Euro-2024 tournament, although they were also candidates for hosting this tournament.
## Squads
### Team Base Camps
Euro 2024 will be hosted by 10 German cities, and the group stage matches will involve travel by teams and fans takes place in three regional clusters to minimize. Each of the 24 teams participating in the finals has its own training base in Germany. The tournament hosts are located in purpose-built facilities near the Bavarian town of Herzogenaurach, where Adidas is headquartered. The team trains and lives in the HomeGround complex, which includes 15 villas and numerous training fields. The Germans also held their preparations for Euro-2020 here.
Adidas has taken into account the advice of the German Football Association (DFB). The main desire of the DFB is to have more places where the players can talk quietly with each other and relax from the training process. As a result, the complex "grew up" around the central square.
At the end of March 2024, the German national team changed its supplier: after 70 years of partnership, it switched from Adidas to Nike. This agreement created a great resonance. Nevertheless, Adidas covered all the costs of training and accommodation for the German national team. Their partnership will continue until the end of the 2026 World Cup, while the agreement with Nike will come into effect after the tournament in North America. According to the Handelsblatt newspaper, Nike will transfer 100 million euros annually to the DFB accounts, which is twice the amount Adidas pays under the current contract.
In addition to the German national team, teams from Serbia, Scotland and Hungary, as well as the Romanian national team, train in Bavaria. The England team settled in a five-star hotel with a 45-hole golf course near the town of Blankenhain, 90 minutes from Leipzig. Each team relies on different criteria in choosing its training base. For example, the Croatian national team focused on logistics. That's why they chose Neuruppin, 75 km from the Olympic Stadium in Berlin, because that's where Croatia will play their opening match against Spain. Hamburg (225 km) and Leipzig (227 km), where they play against Italy and Albania, are a quick bus ride away.
The head coach of the Dutch national team, Ronald Koeman, wanted to train in the modern base of the Bundesliga club. The Dutch chose the city of Wolfsburg, located in the north of Germany. As part of the preparation, the team will use the base of the women's team "Wolfsburg". Its main advantage is a modern training center that helps improve the physical condition of the players. The Italian national team stopped at the training base in the city of Iserlon. The city carried out €300,000 in repairs and restored the lawn.
## Group stage
24 teams will be divided into six groups of four teams. As a result of the group stage, the top two teams from each group and the top four teams from the third-placed teams advance to the playoffs.
### Criteria for determining the top four third place teams:
* Scored points
* Goal difference
* Number of goals scored
* Number of victories
* Fair play (discipline points minimum: 1 point for a yellow card, 3 points for a red card or two yellow cards)
* Overall ranking of the qualifying tournament. group A
### Group B
O — games, W — wins, T — draws, U — losses, Goals — scored and conceded goals, ± — goal difference, U — points
### Group C
O — games, W — wins, T — draws, U — losses, Goals — scored and conceded goals, ± — goal difference, U — points
### Group D
O — games, W — wins, T — draws, U — losses, Goals — goals scored and goals conceded , ± — goal difference, U — points
### Group E
O — games, W — wins, T — draws, U — losses, Goals — scored and goals conceded, ± — goal difference, U — points
### Group G
O — games, W — wins, T — draws, U — losses, Goals - goals scored and conceded, ± - goal difference, N - points
### Best third-placed teams
## Playoffs
\ <> The playoff stage begins after the group stage. It is held according to the Olympic system by removing the losing teams from the tournament. If the match in this period ends in a draw after 90 minutes of regular time, extra time (two halves of 15 minutes each) will be assigned. If the score is still tied after extra time, the winner will be decided in a penalty shootout after the match.
There will be no match for third place: such matches were last held in 1980.
The possible match combinations for the round of 16 involving the third-placed teams in the group stage will depend on the groups from which the four best third-placed teams are drawn.
### Playoff schedule
Central European Summer Time (UTC+2) is shown.
### 1/8 finals
### 1/4 finals
### Semi finals
\ <>
### Final
### Champion
## Goals
* 60 goals: scored with right foot
* 28 goals: scored with the left foot
* 18 goals: scored with a head
* 1 goal: scored with another body part
* 10 goals: own goal
* Average time to score a goal: 30 minutes \< > * Average number of goals per match: 2.29 goals
Inside the penalty area (including the goalkeeper's area): 98 goals
* Outside the penalty area: 19 goals
* From play: 108 goals
* From penalties: 9 goals
* From free kicks: 0 goals
* Penalty details:
* Number of penalties awarded: 12
* Number of penalties taken: 9
* Number of penalties saved by the goalkeeper: 3
* Offsides: 0
### Scorers
Note: the number of goals scored by penalty kicks is shown in parentheses.
3 goals
2 goals
1 goal
Own goals
### Man of the match
\ <>
### Goalkeepers
Note: number of matches played in brackets
### Youngest and fittest players who participated in the tournament
youngest players (born after 2004)
* Lamin Yamal (16) 13 July 2007
* Warren Zaire-Emry (18) 8 March 2006
* Leo Sauer (18) December 16, 2005
* Semih Kylychsoy (18) August 15, 2005
* Gabriel Sigua (18) June 30, 2005
* Kenan Yildiz (19) May 4, 2005
* Kobby Meinu (19) April 19 2005
* Arda Guler (19) February 25, 2005
* Artur Vermeren (19) February 7, 2005
* Juan Neves (19) September 27, 2004
* Katsper Urbanski (19) September 7, 2004 \ <> * Adam Wharton (20) 6 February 2004
smartest players (born before 1987)
* Pepe (41) 26 February 1983
* Cristiano Ronaldo (39) 5 February 1985 \ <> * Luka Modric (38) September 9, 1985
* Jesus Navas (38) November 21, 1985
* Georgi Loria (38) January 27, 1986
* Manuel Neuer (38) March 27, 1986
* Olivier Giroud (37) September 30, 1986
* Peter Pekarik (37) October 30, 1986
* Kasper Schmeichel (37) November 5, 1986
* Juraj Kutzka (37) February 26, 1987
* Jan Vertonghen (37) 24 April 1987
* Florin Nice (36) 3 July 1987
* Guram Kashia (36) 4 July 1987
### Best Player
Best Player The award has been presented at the EURO tournament since 1996, and its winners are players who have become real football legends.
The decision to determine the best player is made by UEFA's panel of technical observers, whose members carefully analyze all matches of the final stages of the EURO since 1996. At EURO 2024, UEFA's panel of technical observers includes Fabio Capello, Rafael Benitez, Frank de Boer and Ole Gunnar Solskjaer. After each match, the responsible technical observer prepares a detailed report explaining coaching decisions, noting tactical trends, and then the information is distributed to members of the football community.
Technical observers are also responsible for determining the man of the match award. After the final, the team gathers together to determine the best goal of the tournament, the best player, the best young player and the symbolic team. Technical observers are supported by a dedicated analytics hub in Nyon that provides the necessary video and statistics. This allows the analysis to be deeper and more visual at the same time.
In choosing the best player and the best young player, the technical observers take into account the individual skills of the players and their impact on the team's performance. At the same time, it is important to have a positive attitude and respect for opponents.
In 2016, the best young player award was also approved. A player under 23 years of age will receive it. The first winner was Renato Sanches, who helped Portugal win EURO-2016, and the title of the best player in EURO-2020 went to Pedri, who reached the semi-finals of Spain. According to the results of EURO-2024, a player must be born after January 1, 2002 to be eligible for this award. This nomination was won by Yamin Yamal, a player of the Spanish national team.
Determining the symbolic composition is also considered an important nomination. The final decision on this composition will be made by a group of technical observers. The symbolic team is selected according to the tactical model that corresponds to the main trends of the tournament and taking into account its best player in each position. Technical observers take into account the individual skills of players and their impact on team play.
Best Player Award Winners
* 1996: Matthias Sammer Germany
* 2000: Zinedine Zidane France
* 2004: Theodoros Zagorakis Greece
* 2008: Xavi Hernandez Spain \ <> * 2012: Andres Iniesta Spain
* 2016: Antoine Griezmann France
* 2020: Gianluigi Donnarumma Italy
* 2024: Rodri Spain
EURO 2024 technical observers
Every match during which the technical observers analyze the course of the game from the point of view of the coach. At EURO 2024, they are responsible for selecting the man of the match, and then together they decide the best goal of the tournament, the best player, the best young player and the symbolic team of the tournament.
After each match, the responsible technical observer prepares a report using video and statistics, depicting the most interesting technical and tactical moments of the game. Analysts have the ability to view footage from multiple angles: footage from television cameras, tactical cameras, and behind-the-goal cameras. Footage from any of these angles can be included in the report. Videos can be supplemented with modern visualization tools to show aspects that the observer has focused on.
It is also the task of the technical observers to determine the best player of each match of the tournament in Germany. When making a selection, experts must determine the football player's special contribution on the field, where a number of criteria are used: outstanding skill in attack or defense, participation in important moments in attack or defense, tactical knowledge and efficiency during the game, exemplary discipline on the field.
In addition to the best player award, technical observers participate in determining the nominations of the best player and the best young player of the tournament. They will also determine the symbolic squad for the tournament. In the context of the two individual awards, they look for the footballer who has shown the best results throughout the tournament. Any footballer under the age of 23 (ie born on or after 1 January 2002) can be nominated for the Best Young Player Award.
* Fabio Capello (Italy)
* Ioan Lupescu (Romania)
* Michael O'Neill (Northern Ireland)
* David Moyes (Scotland)
* Aleša Asanović (Croatia )
* Rafael Benitez (Spain)
* Abraham Grant (Israel)
* Pat Bonner (Ireland)
* Frank de Boer (Netherlands)
Ole Gunnar Solskjaer (Norway)
* Aitor Karanka (Spain)
* Jean-Francois Domergue (France)
## Interesting facts
### Players who won the Champions League and EURO in the same year
* 1964: Luis Suarez (Inter and Spain)
* 1988: Hans van Breckelen, Ronald Koeman, Berry van Arle, Gerald Vanenburg (PSV and Netherlands) \ <> * 2012: Fernando Torres, Juan Mata (Chelsea and Spain)
* 2016: Cristiano Ronaldo, Pepe (Real and Portugal)
* 2020: Jorginho (Chelsea and Italy) \< > * 2024: Dani Carvajal, Nacho (Real Madrid and Spain)
### Tournament statistics
When Portugal's Francisco Conceição scored against the Czech Republic, the special club of fathers and sons expanded. . His father, Sergio Conceição, scored a goal in the EURO-2000 tournament. Only Italians can boast a similar duo: Enrico Chiesa scored in 1996, and Federico Chiesa scored in the EURO-2020 tournament.
Diogu Costa has achieved such a feat for the first time in the history of EURO by saving three shots in the penalty shootout of the 1/8 final match between Portugal and Slovenia. However, the reigning European champions have been knocked out on penalties for the third time in a row: Italy in 2024, Portugal in 2020 and Spain in 2016.
Gareth Southgate became only the third manager to reach the EURO finals twice, with Helmut Schenn and Bertie Vogts having achieved the feat.
It was the first year that Spain won the tournament for the fourth time. In addition, in four of the five quarter-finals in which the English team participated, the fate of the match was determined by a penalty shootout. Switzerland played five matches in the playoffs and conceded four penalties.
Germany became the first team to score five goals in the opening match of the EURO, a feat not seen since the first European Championship: Yugoslavia beat France 5:4 in 1960. Meanwhile, Harry Kane became the fifth player to score in two semi-finals, joining Valentin Ivanov, Viktor Ponedelnik, Dragan Dzic and Cristiano Ronaldo.
Ronaldo became the first player to participate in six EURO tournaments. He became the youngest player to score in a penalty shootout at 39 years and 151 days, breaking the record for the most appearances in the final stages of the EURO (30). However, he failed to break the record for most goals scored in a EURO tournament (14 goals), leaving Switzerland's Xherdan Shaqiri as the only European player to score in six consecutive major tournaments.
Spain became the first team to win seven matches in a single EURO tournament. Spain and Italy met for a record eighth time in EURO history. These teams met in the final stage for the fifth time in a row. Germany won the opening match of the EURO for the eighth time in a row.
The French national team has not won the last match in the group stage of major tournaments nine times in a row (5 draws, 4 losses). The last time "three colors" defeated Togo (2:0) in the third round of the 2006 World Championship. In addition, the French have never lost in the opening matches of the EURO group stage (7 wins, 3 draws).
Mikel Oyarzabal has scored nine of his 12 goals for Spain as a substitute, including the winning goal in the EURO 2024 final.
Italy has not conceded a goal in the first half of the EURO group stage since 2008. This series was interrupted by Albania. N'Golo Kante is unbeaten in regular time in 13 consecutive matches (7 wins, 6 draws) in EURO tournaments. The Frenchman's record streak was stopped by Spain in the semi-finals. Southgate also set a record 13-match unbeaten run at EURO tournaments (8 wins, 5 draws) in regular time, a streak that was also ended by Spain in the final.
Spain scored 15 goals in this finals, equaling the record set during EURO 2020 and breaking the tournament record set by France in 1984 (14 goals).
Spain's Lamine Yamal became the youngest player to play in the EURO finals. At the time of the match against Croatia, he was 16 years and 338 days old. He later became the youngest player to score in the finals - he was 17 years and 1 day old when he scored against the French in the semi-final.
In the third round, Manuel Neuer played his 18th match in the final stages of the EURO, breaking Gianluigi Buffon's record among goalkeepers.
Arda Güler became the youngest player to score in a debut match. The Turkish player scored a goal at 19 years and 114 days, breaking Ronaldo's record by 14 days.
England midfielder Jude Bellingham became the youngest player to play in two EURO tournaments (20 years and 353 days). Bukayo Saka (22 years 313 days) became the youngest player to play in two EURO finals, breaking the record held by Uli Heness (24 years 167 days).
Nedim Bayrami scored a goal 23 seconds after the start of the match against Italy. It was the fastest goal in EURO history. Hungary's Dominik Soboslai became the youngest captain in the EURO at 23 years and 234 days.
None of the Czech Republic's 27 EURO matches ended in a goalless draw. Georgia was the 29th team to make the playoffs. The Georgia goalkeeper has made 29 saves in four matches, 11 more than any other goalkeeper.
Julian Nagelsmann became the youngest coach in the final stages of EURO (36 years and 327 days). The coach of the German national team broke the record of Srečko Katanec, the ex-coach of Slovenia, by six days.
Kylian Mbappe became the player who reached the highest speed (36.5 km/h) during EURO-2024.
Croatian Luka Modric, who scored in the match against Italy, became the oldest goal scorer in the history of the final stages. At 38 years and 231 days, Spain's Jesus Navas became the oldest player to reach the semi-finals of a major tournament.
Portugal veteran Pepe became the oldest player in the EURO. He was 41 years and 130 days old in the quarter-final match against France.
The group stage draw between the Netherlands and France was the first goalless draw in 50 EURO matches. The previous goalless draw was between England and Scotland at EURO 2020.
The Portuguese national team held the ball for 64.8% of their five matches in Germany. None of the other teams exceeded 60%. German players made 91.2% accurate passes, achieving the highest accuracy rate in the final period of EURO-2024.
Hungary's Kevin Chobot scored against Scotland in the 10th extra minute of regular time, becoming the author of the lateest goal in EURO history. EURO 2024 participants scored 117 goals and averaged 2.30 goals per match. Austria's Michael Gregoric's goal against the Turks was his hundredth goal in this final tournament.
Spain showed the best result with 290 possessions, 38 times ahead of the finalist England.
### Final
Oyarsabal became the fourth player to score the winning goal off the bench in the EURO final. Earlier, this achievement was achieved by the German Oliver Birkhoff (1996), the French David Trezeguet (2000) and the Portuguese Eder (2016).
In the EURO-2024 tournament, 10 different players scored goals for the Spanish national team (excluding own goals) - this is a new record for European championships.
Spain scored 15 goals in this final stage, breaking the tournament record set by France in 1984 (14 goals).
Fabian Ruiz and Merino (as well as Dani Olmo and Oyarzabal) were part of the Spanish team that won the 2019 European Youth Championship final.
In 2015, Luis de la Fuente led Spain to win the European Under-19 Championship, in 2019, under his leadership, Spain won the European Youth Championship, and now he also won the European Senior Championship.
Morata played 17 matches in the European Championships, setting a new record for the Spanish national team.
Jesus Navas became the European champion for the second time after the victory of EURO-2012. Ex-world champion Jesus Navas became the 14th player to win two European titles, 13 of them with Spain.
Youngest players to score in EURO final matches:
* 20 years 64 days - Pietro Anastasi (Italy - Yugoslavia, 1968, replay)
* 22 years 2 days - Nico Williams (Spain - England, 2024)
* 22 years 9 days - Dragan Dzic (Yugoslavia - Italy, 1968)
* 22 years 69 days - Cole Palmer (Spain - England, 2024)
## Sources
## Links |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742180 | Kenya National Theatre | Kenya National Theater (English. Kenya National Theater) was opened in Nairobi, the capital of Kenya in 1952; Reports to the Kenya Cultural Centre, a semi-autonomous agency of the Kenyan Ministry of National Heritage and Culture.
## Notable Scenes
The most notable performance was "I Will Marry When I Want" (eng. ) is a performance. It was in the 1980s that Ngju wa Thiongo got into trouble with the authorities.
In May 2003, Sterling Quality Entertainment's South African musical Sarafina was staged at the National Theater of Kenya. The show was produced by Peter J. Oyer and Paul J. Oyier also hosted Mbongeni Ngema and Leleti Khumalo for the premiere of the show, which featured an all-Kenyan cast and praised Ngema and Khumalo for their accurate and powerful portrayals.
In 2017, the theater hosted the award-winning musical Jesus Christ Superstar, as well as Too Early for Birds, an experimental theater production of Kenyan history.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742079 | Alexandra Pivovarova | Alexandra "Sasha" Igorevna Pivovarova (born January 21, 1985) is a Russian model and artist. She is known for being the longest-serving model for Prada, appearing in 19 advertising campaigns, a record for the brand Pivovarova. Pivovarova appeared on the cover of Vogue magazine 62 times. She was part of the "big-eyed doll era" in the late 2000s.
## Career
### First career, 2005-2007.
Sasha Pivovarova, a student of art history at the Russian State Humanities University, never dreamed of becoming a model until 2005 when her friend and future husband, photographer Igor Vishnyakov, took photos of Sasha and offered her to the international modeling agency IMG. Pivovarova rose to prominence in 2005 when she caught the attention of Miuccia Prada and opened the Prada Fall/Winter 2005 fashion show. That same year, she appeared on the cover of Vogue Italia shot by Steven Meisel for the April issue. She then became the face of Prada for 6 consecutive seasons. In the fall/winter season of 2005, he participated in 69 shows.
### Career path 2008-2022.
Pivovarova GIADA, Prada, Chanel, Balenciaga, Dior Beauty, Miu Miu, Yves Saint Laurent, Mulberry, Chloé, Jimmy Choo, Max Mara, Hugo Boss, Giorgio Armani, Michael Kors, Lanvin, Juicy Couture, Etro , in advertisements for Frame Denim, H&M, Alberta Ferretti, Dsquared2, Massimo Dutti, Toteme, Shiseido, Pringle of Scotland, Paul & Joe, Longchamp, John Galliano, Biotherm, Kenzo, Thomas Wylde, Paco Rabanne Fragrance, Moncler, PHI, Olay, Mango appeared.
In the May 2007 issue of American Vogue, she was featured on the cover as "one of the world's top models" alongside Doutzen Kroes, Caroline Trentini, Raquel Zimmermann, Jessica Stam, Agyness Deyn, Coco Rocha, Hilary Rhoda, Chanel Iman and Lily Donaldson. surfaced. In one of his interviews, he talked about his love for art and reading.
Pivovarova appeared in the Pirelli calendar in 2008. On November 20, 2008, Spain's Marie Claire "Prix de la Moda" awarded Pivovarova the "Best International Model" award. In December 2009, she became the face of Giorgio Armani, and Mert Alas and Marcus Piggott photographed Alexandra with Kate Moss for Longchamp.
In May 2008, she opened the Chanel couture spring fashion show in Paris. In July 2008, she closed the Chanel couture fall fashion show in Paris and attended the Jean Paul Gaultier couture show. In September, he performed in Milan and New York at Rag & Bone, Rodarte and Pringle of Scotland opened fashion shows. In October, she appeared on the first cover of Numéro Korea magazine. In January 2009, she attended the Christian Dior, Chanel, Elie Saab and Valentino couture fashion shows in Paris. In February 2009, she opened fashion shows for Shiatzy Chen, Miss Sixty, Rodarte and MaxMara in New York and Milan; autumn PHI, MaxMara and Pringle of Scotland closed fashion shows.
In early 2009, Pivovarova was ranked second on Models.com's Top 50 Female Models list, tied with Natasha Poly, but dropped to fourth place in March 2011. Since 2013, Alexandra has been included in the list of "Industry Icons". Vogue Paris announced Sasha as one of the 30 best models of the decade.
Pivovarova made her acting debut in the 2011 sci-fi thriller Time alongside Justin Timberlake and Amanda Seyfried. She starred in it as Clara, the 130-year-old mother-in-law of Vincent Kartheiser's character, 90-year-old Philip Weiss.
Her agencies are IMG Models in New York and Donna Models in Tokyo. In the spring of 2011, she shot a self-portrait with models Abby Lee Kershaw and Lily Aldridge for the new Rag & Bone Do-It-Yourself advertising company.
She was also booked for the Balenciaga S/S 15 campaign shot by Steven Meisel. In 2016, Pivovarova returned as a model for Prada's Spring/Summer 2016 campaign and Max Mara's Spring/Summer 2016 campaign, alongside Natalia Vodianova and Dutch newcomer Jasmin Wijnaldum. Pivovarova appeared on the cover of Vogue China's February edition with Anya Rubik. Pivovarova graced the cover of Vogue Italia's June 2016 issue photographed by Mario Sorrenti, and then appeared in the ad campaign for Prada's pre-Fall 2016 collection.
Alexandra appeared on the cover of Vogue Italia in 2021 and 2022.
### Artistic career
In March 2007, an exhibition of Pivovarova's works was held in Paris, including portraits of Vlada Roslyakova and Sneyana Onopka. And in 2008, he held his second exhibition in New York.
Her paintings have been featured in Vogue, Vogue Paris and Teen Vogue.
## Personal life
Born in Moscow, Pivovarova now lives in New York, where her home serves as an art studio. "When other girls played with dolls, I played with pencils," says Pivovarova in an interview with Teen Vogue magazine. Pivovarova paints in her spare time. His paintings have been exhibited at a gallery in Paris, the Mansion Grand Gallery in New York, and published in French Vogue. In an interview with CNN, he said that he uses anything he can get his hands on as a canvas: hotel papers, casting and itinerary papers. She designed a collection of sleepwear inspired by fairy tales for Gap, which was released on December 1, 2011.
Pivovarova started a family with photographer Igor Vishnyakov. They got married in Thailand and had a photo shoot with close family and friends, including Jessica Stam and Irina Kulikova, for the June 2009 issue of American Vogue. Pivovarova and Vishnyakov have two daughters.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742138 | List of diplomatic missions of Kenya | The list of diplomatic missions of Kenya (English. List of diplomatic missions of Kenya) is a list of diplomatic missions (embassies) and representations of Kenya in countries around the world (does not include honorary consulates).
## Europe
* AustriaVienna (Embassy)
* Vienna (Embassy)
* BelgiumBrussels (Embassy)
* Brussels (Embassy)
* United KingdomLondon (High Representative)
* London (High Representative)
* GermanyBerlin (Embassy)
* Berlin (Embassy)
* IrelandDublin (Embassy)
* Dublin (Embassy )
* SpainMadrid (Embassy)
* Madrid (Embassy)
* ItalyRome (Embassy)
* Rome (Embassy)
* NetherlandsThe Hague (Embassy)
* The Hague (Embassy) \ <> * RussiaMoscow (Embassy)
* Moscow (Embassy)
* FranceParis (Embassy)
* Paris (Embassy)
* SwedenStockholm (Embassy)
* Stockholm (Embassy)
## Asia
* IndiaNew Delhi (High Representative)
* New Delhi (High Representative)
* IndonesiaJakarta (Embassy)
* Jakarta (Embassy )
* ChinaBeijing (Embassy)
* Beijing (Embassy)
* Republic of KoreaSeoul (Embassy)
* Seoul (Embassy)
* MalaysiaKuala Lumpur (High Representative)
* Kuala Lumpur (High Representative)
* Pakistan Islamabad (High Representative)
* Islamabad (High Representative)
* ThailandBangkok (Embassy)
* Bangkok (Embassy) \< > * JapanTokyo (Embassy)
* Tokyo (Embassy)
## Middle East
* IsraelTel Aviv (Embassy)
* Tel Aviv (Embassy)
* IranTehran (Embassy)
* Tehran (Embassy)
* QatarDoha (Embassy)
* Doha (Embassy)
* KuwaitKuwait (Embassy)
* Kuwait (Embassy)
* UAEAbu -Dhabi (Embassy)
* Abu Dhabi (Embassy)
* OmanMuscat (Embassy)
* Muscat (Embassy)
* Saudi ArabiaRiyadh (Embassy)
* Riyadh ( embassy)
## America
* Brazil Brasilia (embassy)
* Brasilia (embassy)
* CanadaOttawa (High Representative
* Ottawa (High Representative
* CubaHavana (Embassy)
* Havana (Embassy)
* USAWashington (Embassy) Los Angeles (Consulate General) New York (Consulate General)
* Washington (Embassy)
* Los Angeles (Consulate General)
* New York (Consulate General)
## Africa
* BotswanaGaborone (Consulate General)
* Gaborone (Consulate General) \< > * BurundiBujumbura (Embassy)
* Bujumbura (Embassy)
* EgyptCairo (Embassy)
* Cairo (Embassy)
* ZambiaLusaka (Consulate General)
* Lusaka (Consulate General) \< > * ZimbabweHarare (Embassy)
* Harare (Embassy)
* Democratic Republic of CongoKinshasa (Embassy)
* Kinshasa (Embassy)
* MozambiqueMaputo (Consulate General)
* Maputo (Consulate General)
* Namibia Windhoek (Consulate General)
* Windhoek (Consulate General)
* NigeriaAbuja (Consulate General)
Abuja (Consulate General)
* RwandaKigali (Embassy)
* Kigali (Embassy)
* SenegalDakar (Embassy)
* Dakar (Embassy)
* Sudan Khartoum (Embassy)
* Khartoum (Embassy)
* Tanzania Dar es Salaam (Consulate General)
* Dar es Salaam (Consulate General)
* UgandaKampala (Consulate General)
* Kampala (Consulate General) \< > * EthiopiaAddis Ababa (Embassy)
* Addis Ababa (Embassy)
* OARPretoria (Consulate General)
* Pretoria (Consulate General)
* South SudanJuba (Embassy)
* Juba (embassy)
## Oceania
* AustraliaCanberra (High Representative)
* Canberra (High Representative)
# # International organizations
* Addis Ababa (permanent mission to the African Union)
* Brussels (EU delegation)
* Geneva (permanent mission to the UN and other international organizations)
* New- York (Permanent Delegation to the UN)
* Paris (Permanent Delegation to UNESCO)
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742151 | Berdigali Kuanyshkaliuly Kuanyshkali | Berdigali Kuanyshkaliuly Kuanyshkali (May 24, 1996, Mangistau region, Mangistau district, Shayyr village) — Community activist, El Janashiry.
## Biography
* 2001-2012. He graduated from Shayir Secondary School
* 2012-2016. He graduated from the Mangistau Art College, majoring in "Dombira" and "Leader of folk instruments"
* 2016-2020. The Kazakh National Conservatory named after Kurmangazy was awarded the title of "Traditional Music Art".
## Career
* 2013-2016 Mangistau Regional Philharmonic Orchestra "A. Tarakuly" instrumentalist
* 2020-2022 Soloist of the Mangistau Regional Philharmonic Orchestra "A. Tarakuly", founder and leader of the ethno-folk ensemble "Akshagil"
* 2020-2022. Teacher of the special subject of dombra and kylkobyz of the Mangistau Art College
* 2020 since Abai cultural recreation complex, soloist of the national instrument orchestra named after "E. Aishuakuli"
* 2021. Head of "Shabyt" Music School
## Awards
* Winner of the badge "Honor" named after B.Momyshuly
* Winner of the "El Janashiry" medal
* President of the Republic of Kazakhstan K. Winner of "Letter of Appreciation" by K. Tokayev
* Awarded with "Letter of Appreciation" by E. Davov, chairman of Zhetisu district branch of "Amanat" party
* Winner of "Golden Man" nomination
* Winner of "Golden Heart" nomination \< > * Ministry of Culture and Sports of the Republic of Kazakhstan, "100 New Names of Kazakhstan"
## Personal life
* Married, has 2 children
## Creativity
\< >
### Articles:
* 2022 March, Ministry of Information and Social Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Republican Scientific and Pedagogical Journal "Kilkobyz"
* 2022 May, Ministry of Information and Social Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Republican Scientific and Pedagogical Magazine "Garden of Knowledge", "Dombra instruments of great personalities and features of masters in making dombra instruments";
* 2022 June, Ministry of Information and Social Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Republican Scientific and Pedagogical Magazine "Knowledge Garden", "Sazsyrnai instrument and its scope of use in modern music culture";
* 2023 March, Ministry of Information and Communications of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Republican scientific-methodical magazine "Martebeli ustaz.kz", "Formation of Mangistau music art";
* 2023 December, Information Committee of the Ministry of Information and Communications of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Halyqaralyq Orley-Orkendey magazine, "Performing, fighting musicians of the Mangistau music school of the 20th century"; • 2023 December, Ministry of Information and Communications of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Information Committee, "Zharkyn" Republican scientific-informational, cognitive-educational magazine, "Features of Kuyshi Bastustauly Esbay's work and moods";
## Master classes:
* 2021 "Author's" online course of the laureate of the republican competitions, musician B. Kuanyshkaliyev;
* 2022 Mangistau Humanitarian College, "Situation and History";
* 2022 March, Mangistau Art College, "Akhshagil" ethno-folk ensemble, "Features of Mangistau states";
* Concerts:
* 2020 January 15, Aktau city, M. Uskinbaev at. Mangistau regional philharmonic, "Homage to the native land";
2020 December 20, M. Uskinbaev at. Mangistau regional philharmonic, "Akshagil" ethno-folk ensemble, "Presentation";
* 2021 March 16, M. Uskinbaev at. Mangistau regional philharmonic, "Akshagil" ethno-folk ensemble, "Amal came - the year came"; • 2021 October 2, M. Uskinbaev at. Mangystau regional philharmonic, "Akshagil" ethno-folk ensemble, "Key of the centuries"; • 2021 December 1, M. Uskinbaev at. Mangystau regional philharmonic society, "Akshagil" ethno-folk ensemble, "Tugryy gysylin - Independence";
* 2021 February 9, M. Uskinbaev at. Mangistau Regional Philharmonic, A. Tarakuly. Kazakh orchestra concert. Conductor: laureate of republican competitions B. Kuanyshkaliyev. Concert "Otpan Tau"
* 2022 April 29, Mangistau Art College, "Akshagil" ethno-folk ensemble, "Amaldan Bastalar Az-Nauryz";
* 2023 June 1, charity concert of "Shabyt" music school on the occasion of "June 1 - Protection of Children" day at the state institution "Regional family-style children's village" of Mangistau region education department of Mangistau region akimat of Aktau city; |