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https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742788 | State list of historical and cultural monuments of local significance of the North Kazakhstan region | The state list of historical and cultural monuments of local significance of the North Kazakhstan region was approved by Resolution No. 111 of the North Kazakhstan region akimat dated May 12, 2020.
## Ayrtau district
## Akzhar district
## Akkayin district
## Gabit Musirepov district
## Yesil district
## Zhambyl district
## Kyzylzhar district
\< > ## Magzhan Zhumabayev district
## Mamlyut district
## Tayinsha district
## Timiryazev district
\< >
## Valikhanov district
## Shal Akin district
## Petropavlovsk city
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742628 | Shahin Gerey (climber) | Shahin Geray (Krymtat. Şahin Geray; lit. 1585-1641) - Nureddin of Crimea (1608-1609) and squire (1610, 1623-1628), son of Crimean Khan II Sagadat Gerey (1584), grandson of Mehmet Gerey II and Daulet Gerey I great-grandson.
## Biography
Mehmet III is the younger brother and companion of Gerey Khan. His father, Sagadat Gerey, was born in Kishi Nogai Horde, where he was exiled.
Later, Shahin Gerey returned to Crimea with his brothers Daulet and Mehmet. In 1601, Daulet Gerey II organized a conspiracy against Ghazi Gerey Khan and planned to kill him and take the Khan's throne. However, the conspiracy was exposed, Daulet Gerey and some Shiryn beys were captured and killed, while princes Mehmet Gerey and Shahin Gerey fled the Crimea. Mehmet Gerey went to Turkey, where he was imprisoned for several years, and Shahin Gerey took refuge with the Circassians.
In 1608, Ottoman Sultan Ahmet II deposed Tokhtamys Gerei (1607-1608), the eldest son and successor of Ghazi Gerei Khan. The only surviving son of Daulet Gerei Khan II (1608-1610) appointed Selyamet Gerei I as the new Khan of Crimea. Selamet Khan Mehmet Gerey was appointed as a lieutenant and his younger brother Shahin Gerey was appointed Nureddin. In the following year 1609, the brothers Mehmet and Shahin Gerei organized a conspiracy against Selyamet Gerei Khan I, but he was also exposed. Mehmet and Shahin fled from Crimea to the North Caucasus and began to gather troops from the Nogai and Cherkes to continue the war.
In 1610 Selyamet Gerei I died. Mehmet Gerey (brother of Shahin Gerey) and Kalgai Zhanibek Gerey (adopted son of the late khan) were contenders for the throne of Bosagan Khan. First, the brothers Mehmet Gerey and Shahin Gerey came to the Crimea, captured Bakshasarai, and the first declared himself Khan, the second a vassal. Zhanibek Gerey fled to the Kefe fortress of the Turks. With the Crimean Tatar army, the new Khan Mehmet Gerey III demanded the Turkish Pasha to hand over the brothers Janibek Gerey and Daulet Gerey and besieged Kefe. Mehmet Gerey III and Janibek Gerey sent an embassy to Istanbul with gifts. Ottoman sultan Ahmet I (1603-1617) installed Zhanibek Gerei on the khan throne and provided him with military assistance.
In the same year 1610, Zhanibek Gerey left Kefe with new companions, entered Bakshasarai and sat on the khan throne. Mehmet Gerey and Shahin Gerey fled the capital to the northern steppes. Soon, the brothers and their supporters tried to capture Bakhshasarai, but were defeated by the Turks, fled to the Bujak Horde, and found refuge with Mr. Kantemir. Soon after, Mehmet Gerey went to Turkey and was imprisoned in the Seven Towers Castle by order of the Sultan, while Shahin Gerey stayed in Bujak.
In 1614, Crimean Khan Zhanibek Gerey led a large army on a campaign to expel his rebellious relative from the Bujak Horde. Shahin Gerey fled to the North Caucasus, moved to Iran from there, and entered the service of the Iranian shah Uly Abbas (1587-1629). Shahin Gerei lived in Iran for ten years. In 1616-1618, he fought against the Ottoman Empire and the Crimean Khanate as part of the Iranian army. During the hostilities, Shahin Gerey used to kill the Crimean nobles who fell into his hands and free ordinary soldiers to Crimea.
In the spring of 1623, Ottoman Sultan Mustafa I (1622-1623) deposed Janibek Gerey and appointed Mehmet Gerey as the Khan of Crimea. In May 1623, Mehmet Gerey III came to Crimea and sat on the khan throne in Bakshasaray. Former khan Zhanibek Gerey was summoned from Crimea and exiled to an estate near Edirne. At the request of the new khan Mehmet Gerei, the Persian Shah Uly Abbas Shahin released Gerei to the Crimea.
On May 9, 1624, Shahin Gerei came to Crimea from Persia and was appointed as a lieutenant for the second time. With him was a large squad of red-heads (about 2,000 people) who were his personal guards. After his return, Shahin Gerei began to deal with his rivals, Crimean lords and brothers, some were sentenced to death, and others were imprisoned. Mehmet Gerey III began to pursue an independent policy and refused to provide military assistance to Topkapi in a new war against Persia.
In the spring of 1624, the new Ottoman sultan Murat IV (1623-1640) announced that Mehmet Gerey III had been removed from power and Janibek Gerey had returned to the khan throne. On May 21, Janibek Gerey and his new Turkish companions reached Kefe. The Ottoman government proposed to appoint Mehmet and Shahin as the ambassadors of Morea and Herzegovina. However, the brothers refused to leave the Crimea, which they considered their inheritance. Mehmet Gerey and Shahin Gerey gathered a lot of troops to fight against the Turkish tyrant Janibek Gerey. Mehmet with a part of his army settled near Karasubazar, while Shahin with another part of his army besieged the Kefe fortress of the Turks. In June, Sultan Osman sent a large reinforcement to Janibek Khan in Kefe. In August 1624, Zhanibek Gerey and the Turkish Pasha's army (6 thousand people) marched from Kefe to Bakshasaray. In the battle at the foot of Karasubazar, the superior forces of Mehmet and Shahin defeated the Turkish army. Zhanibek Gerei himself and the Turkish Pasha fled to Varna in a galley with the remnants of his new comrades. After the victory, Mehmet Gerey Khan III returned to the capital, and the lieutenant Shahin Gerey moved with his army to Kefe and occupied it. In the fall of 1624, Kalgai-Sultan Shahin Gerey went on a punitive campaign against the Bujak Horde. In the summer, during the struggle between Mehmet Gerey III and Janibek Gerey, Mr. Kantemir, the leader of the Bujak Horde, voluntarily moved from Crimea to Bujak. Meanwhile, Mr. Kantemir continued his devastating raids on southern Polish possessions, while Mehmet Gerei III and Shahin Gerei planned a military alliance with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Shahin Gerey, leading a large army of Crimean Tatar-Nogais, invaded Bujak and even captured Akkerman, but later abandoned it after hearing that Turkish troops had been sent. Mr. Kantemir was forced to surrender and returned to the Crimea in the winter of 1624-1625 with Bujak uluses. In September 1624, a Turkish emissary arrived in Crimea, announcing on behalf of the sultan that Topkapi recognized Mehmet Gerei III and Shahin Gerei as the rulers of the Crimean Khanate. In December 1624, the first Crimean-Kazakh military agreement was concluded. Kalgai Shahin Gerey personally came to the Zaporozhye Sech and negotiated with Cossack hetmans and elders. According to the agreement, Shahin Gerey undertook to protect the Crimean Tatars from attacking the Zaporozhian Cossacks, and also promised them his help. Cossacks promised military aid to Crimea in the war against the Ottoman Empire.
In 1625-1626, by order of the sultan, Mehmet Gerey III organized several destructive campaigns to the southern Polish possessions. Shahin Gerey, who had been negotiating with the Polish government since 1624, opposed the campaigns of the Tatars to the Polish-Lithuanian state and even warned the Polish command about the campaign of the Crimean army in the winter of 1625-1626.
In the spring of 1627, Mehmet III, who went on a campaign against the Circassians, ordered Shahin Gerey, who remained in Crimea, to arrest and kill Mr. Kantemir. However, Mr. Kantemir fled from Crimea to Buzhak with his family, relatives and all his relatives. In May, Shahin Gerey sent a thousand-strong Crimean Tatar detachment to chase Kantemir. But Mr. Kantemir killed a part of the Crimeans (200 people), and the rest (500 people) went over to his side. In response to this, Shahin Gerei ordered to exterminate the families of the Nogai lords who fled. Mr. Kantemir went to Istanbul from Bujak and persuaded the Ottoman sultan Murat IV to expel the brothers Mehmet and Shahin Gerey from Crimea and put Zhanibek Gerey back on the khan throne. Mehmet and Shahin Gerey started preparing to repulse the attack of the Turks. Mehmet Gerey III stayed in Crimea and waited for his rival Zhanibek Gerey to arrive with the Turkish army, while Shahin Gerey marched against the Bujak Horde.
On February 26, 1628, Shahin Gerei, who led the Crimean Tatar army, left Crimea for a campaign to Bujak. In Nowruz, the Crimean Tatars devastated the Akkerman area and massacred the Bujak uluses. From Bujak, Shahin Gerei went to border Turkish possessions, captured and destroyed Kiliya and Izmail fortresses. Mr. Kantemir fled to Dobrudja with the Nogais and joined the Turkish forces there. In the battle at the bottom of Babadag, the 30,000-strong Turkish-Nogai army led by Mr. Kantemir completely defeated Shahin Gerey, who led the Crimean Tatar army. Kalgai barely escaped with his life and fled to Crimea with the rest of his army, arriving on April 23. After him, on April 29, 1628, Mr. Kantemir turned his head to Crimea with a large army. Mr. Kantemir besieged the khan and the palace in Bakshasarai for three weeks. At the end of May, an army of Zaporozhye Cossacks (4,000 to 6,000 people) led by Hetman Mikhail Doroshenko and Colonel Olifer Golub arrived in Crimea. Mr. Kantemir led his army to meet the Cossacks. On May 31, in a battle along the Alma River near Bakshasarai, Zaporozhian Cossacks defeated Kantemir, forced him to retreat and besiege Bakshasarai. Cossack hetman Mikhail Doroshenko and colonel Golub were killed in this battle, Cossacks lost up to 100 people, Crimean Tatars lost 200 people. The Cossacks chased Kantemir out of its stronghold and captured it. Mr. Kantemir fled to Kefe with the rest of his army. Then Mehmet Gerey Khan III and Kalgai Shahin Gerey marched against Kefe with the Crimean Tatar-Cossack army, defeated Kantemir in a battle near the fortress and drove him to the city. The winners besieged the Turkish fortress and began to fire at it from cannons. On June 21, 1628, Zhanibek Gerei Khan, appointed by the Sultan, came to Kefe with the Turkish army. Soon, prominent people of Crimea and ordinary people went over to Zhanibek's side. Having lost the support of the aristocracy and the common people, Mehmet and Shahin had to flee from Crimea. On July 9, Zhanibek Gerey entered Bakshasarai and sat on the khan throne for the second time. Shahin Gerey retreated safely from Crimea to Zaporozhye with the Cossack army, accompanied by his elder brother Mehmet Gerey. The brothers began to prepare to continue the fight against Zhanibek Gerey. Shahin Gerey corresponded with the Polish king Sigismund III Vasa and sent an embassy to Warsaw asking for help against Janibek. Shahin Gerey promised to recognize himself as a vassal of the Polish crown in the event of the annexation of Crimea. However, fearing a conflict with the Ottoman Empire, the Polish government did not provide direct military assistance to Mehmet and Shahin, but ordered to provide comprehensive assistance to the Zaporozhian Cossacks. In November 1628, Mehmet and Shahin made their first campaign against Crimea. Zaporozhye Cossacks and Little Nogais, led by hetman Grigoriy Chornyi, took part in this campaign. When the Cossack-Nogai army approached Orkapy, they were met there by a large army of Crimean Tatars led by Khan Zhanibek Gerei, Kalgai Daulet Gerei and Mr. Kantemir. Cossacks were forced to retreat. Mr. Kantemir, who was at the head of the cavalry of the Crimean Tatars, pursued the Cossacks and drove them to the Dnieper. However, the Cossacks who marched under the protection of the marching crowd successfully repelled all the enemy's attacks.
In April 1629, brothers Mehmet Gerey and Shahin Gerey made a second campaign to Crimea. Under the leadership of Hetman Grigory Chorny, he started a large army of Zaporozhye Cossacks (from 25 thousand to 40 thousand people), while Mehmet and Shahin led a small detachment of Nogays of 2 thousand people. Zhanibek Gerey has already taken measures to protect his property. Back in March 1629, an army was sent to Orkapy under the command of Daulet Gerey and Mr. Kantemir, and on April 20, Zhanibek himself arrived from Crimea with his main forces. Cossacks approached Orkapy and tried to capture the fortress, but were repulsed. The Cossacks were attacked by the Crimean cavalry for three days and retreated "in droves".
During the retreat, Mehmet Gerey Khan tried to surrender to his rival Janibek Gerey, but was killed by the Cossacks. After that, the Cossacks began to destroy the allied Nogai. Taking advantage of this situation, Mr. Kantemir and the lieutenant Daulet Gerey broke into the Cossack crowd and defeated the enemy. Up to 8,000 Cossacks were killed in the battles, and the Little Nogays (Kazylys) were killed in most cases. Crimeans lost up to 50 noblemen, up to 6 thousand soldiers, and up to 1 thousand people were wounded. Wounded Shahin Gerey fled with a small group of Crimeans to the Don, and from there to the Little Nogai Horde (Kazy ulus). Zhanibek Gerey organized a punitive campaign against the Nogays for helping Shahin Gerey. The Crimean Tatar army led by Prince Mubarak Gerey entered the Koban steppe. The lords of Nogai expressed their subordination to Mubarak and promised not to provide any assistance to Shahin. Shahin Gerey, hoping for the help of the Circassian lords, flees from the Little Nogai Horde to Circassian. However, Mubarak Gerey and his army pacified the Nogais and marched against the Circassian lords and forced them to submit.
Shahin Gerei fled from Cherkesistan to Kumykstan and tried to establish relations with the Terek Cossacks, but failed. Shahin Gerey, who could not stay in the North Caucasus, went to Persia and was accepted by the new Iranian shah Sefi I (1628-1642), the grandson and successor of Abbas the Great. Sefi Shahin I welcomed Gerei and gave him a position in one of the Persian provinces.
In the spring of 1632, Shahin Gerey killed the governor of the province, robbed him, and fled from Iran to the North Caucasus. First, Shahin Gerei came to Kumykstan and from there he had to move to Cherkesstan. In Beslenei, Mr. Aleguk and his brother settled in the settlement of Adkjuk. From there, Shahin Gerey got in touch with some Crimean lords and created tension against Zhanibek Gerey Khan. But his messengers were caught. Zhanibek Gerey ordered to kill the henchman Azamat Gerey, and his brothers Mubarak Gerey and Safa Gerey escaped. Then Shahin Gerey went to the Little Nogai Horde, but the Nogai lords did not accept him as their nobles and demanded that he leave their possessions. Residents of Azov did not allow him to enter the city. Then the Circassian lords, relatives and friends of Shahin Gerey refused to give him shelter. At this time, the Ottoman sultan Shahin made every effort to attract Gerey to Istanbul. The Moscow government forbade Terek duan chiefs to have relations with the Crimean prince.
Shahin Gerey was forced to rely on the mercy of Sultan Murat IV, sent an embassy to Istanbul with a large treasure for the Sultan himself and his viziers, and then in August 1633 he went to the capital of the Ottoman Empire. Sultan IV Murat Shahin received Gerei with respect in Istanbul and sent him to the island of Rhodes. In 1641, by the order of the new Sultan Ibrahim, Shahin Gerey was strangled to death. He was buried in a mausoleum near the Murat Reis Mosque in Rhodes, along with his brother Fatih Shoban Gerei.
## Literature
* Novoselsky A. A. Struggle of the Moscow state with the Tatars in the 17th century. — M.—L. : Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1948.
* Oleksa Gaivoronsky. Rulers of two continents. — T. 2. — Kyiv—Bakhchisaray, 2009. — ISBN 9789662260038
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742790 | Thea Lafond | Thea Noeliva LaFond (English. Thea Noeliva LaFond, April 5, 1994, Roseau, Dominica) is a Dominican track and field athlete, the 2024 Summer Olympic champion in the triple jump. The first Olympic champion from Dominica.
participated in the Summer Olympics in 2016 and 2020.
The winner of the World Championship held in March 2024 in Glasgow.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742750 | Berna Gozbashi | Berna Gözbaşı (born Berna Gözbaşı, June 30, 1974, Gelibolu, Canakkale) is a Turkish businessman and sports figure. She was the first female president of Kayserispor football club, which plays in the top division of Turkey.
Gozbashi was born in 1974 in Canakkale, Gelibolu city, in the family of a sergeant-major father and a school teacher mother. He graduated in 1996 with a degree in English from Dokuz Yulul University in Izmir. He has two daughters.
## Entrepreneurial career
Gozbashi started his professional career as an export manager at Chinkir zinc-lead metallurgical enterprise in Kayseri. After studying international finance, futures and options at the London Metal Exchange, in 2001 he founded his first business, BRN Consulting and Foreign Trade Ltd. Between 2001 and 2006, he helped many small and medium-sized enterprises enter the export business in the Middle East and East and West Africa. In 2006, Berna became BRN Bed, a company that manufactures mattresses and bed bases. He has exported his products to more than 60 countries on five continents and is a role model for young entrepreneurs.
In 2011, Gozbashi was among the top ten "Most Successful Entrepreneurs" at the European Business Awards and received the Ruban Honor Award. In 2012, his company was listed among the "25 fastest growing companies" by the Turkish Chambers of Commerce and Exchange Union (TOBB) and World Wide Web - Turkey by Harvard University. She is the first woman member of Kayseri Chamber of Industry.
## Sports career
In his youth, Gozbashi was an active basketball player. He was accepted to the board of directors of Kayserispor football club and later became the deputy chairman.
The president of the Kayserispor club of the Turkish top division, Erol Bedir, resigned on October 6, 2019, at the request of the honorary president of the club, Mehmet Ojaseki. After three years of service in the club's board, he was elected president of Gözbashi football club with the support of local political leaders, former government ministers, public organization leaders and TOBB president M. Rifat Hisarzhiklioglu. Gözbashi explained about his presidency: "If the team wasn't at the bottom of the standings, he wouldn't have been offered the presidency." He expressed his determination to improve the situation in the club in the 2019/2020 season. In 2019, after the resignation of president Erol Bedir, she was elected president in an extraordinary general assembly and became the first female football club president in the history of the Turkish Super League. He was elected to this position in 2021.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742786 | Parliamentary elections in France (2024) | The first round of extraordinary parliamentary elections in France was held on June 30, 2024, and the second round was held on July 7 (a day earlier for some embassies abroad and other countries). The election was called for June 2024, when the country's president Emmanuel Macron dissolved the National Assembly in connection with the European Parliament elections, in which the French far-right defeated the ruling coalition.
In the first round, the right-wing party "National Union" Marine Le Pen and her allies won 39 seats with more than 33% of the votes. A total of 76 deputies were elected in the first round. In the second round, 444 candidates of the "National Union" and allies, 415 candidates of the left-wing New People's Front, 321 candidates of the "Together for the Republic" liberal coalition supporting President Emmanuel Macron, 88 candidates of the "Republicans" party or other right-wing parties (according to the classification of the newspaper "Le Monde") came out. Thus, according to the data of the first round, in addition to the districts where two candidates participated in the second round, in 306 districts there were three candidates, and in five districts four candidates went to the second round. After 134 leftist and 82 liberal candidates were eliminated in the voluntary round, the second round with three candidates was held in 89 constituencies, and with four in two.
The second round showed an unexpected result: although none of the coalitions won an absolute majority, the left-wing candidates of the New People's Front won a relative majority of mandates, the liberal coalition "Together for the Republic" took second place, and the "National Unity" party in the number of seats was in third place. Prime Minister Gabriel Attal has announced his resignation effective July 8, but will continue in his duties. On July 8, President Macron refused to accept Attal's resignation.
## Premise
According to the results of the last parliamentary elections, the pro-presidential coalition "Together" lost its absolute majority in the National Assembly, while the left-wing "New People's Environmental and Social Union" and the right-wing "National Association" has achieved significant achievements. No party or coalition won an absolute majority, creating France's first hung parliament since 1988. This situation has led to the repeated use of Article 49.3 of the French Constitution, which allows the government to pass laws without the consent of Parliament. As of December 2023, Elizabeth Bourne's government had done so 23 times..
On the evening of June 9, 2024, Emmanuel Macron dissolved the National Assembly and called early parliamentary elections for June 30 and July 7, respectively. The president's decision was linked to the victory of the "National Union" in the European Parliament elections, where Macron's party took second place. Macron explained the dissolution of parliament: "I can't say that nothing happened. This situation was compounded by the fever that covered the public and parliamentary debates in our country in recent years...".
Right-wing leader Jordan Bardella called on the President to "tell this new political reality of the EU... and organize new parliamentary elections" after the first results of the European Parliament elections were announced on June 9. Jean-Luc Mélenchon X, the founder of the left-wing Insurgent France (BF) party, endorsed news of the snap election, writing on social media that Macron "no longer has the legitimacy to pursue his policies of social abuse, climate inaction and warmongering". Responding to the dissolution of parliament, Francois Ruffen called on the leaders of all left-wing political forces (including the "Environmentalists") to unite in the broad coalition of the "New People's Front" to participate in the elections. Leaders of the French Communist Party (FCP; Fabien Roussel), "Ecologists" (Marin Tondelier) and Socialist Party (SP; Olivier Faure) also made similar appeals.
## Electoral system
577 deputies of the National Assembly are elected for a 5-year term in the two-round system in single-mandate constituencies. A candidate who receives an absolute majority of valid votes and more than 25% of all registered voters of the district in the first round is considered elected. Otherwise, a second round will be organized, where the first two places in the first round, as well as all the candidates who received at least 12.5% of all registered voters of the district - NAB. In the second round, the candidate with a relative majority is considered elected..
Due to the threshold of 12.5% of the electorate of the district, if the turnout is high and the number of candidates is limited and this is expected to be more likely than in the previous election in 2024, a second round more than two candidates may appear. In such constituencies, the winner of the first round has an advantage, they expect the National Union party in many constituencies, since a relative majority of no more than 50% is needed to win the second round..
Polls show an unusually polarized vote between the three coalitions indicated that high activity is expected. Electoral estimates show that the number of possible runoffs between three candidates is unmatched, and after the first round, 3 candidates entered the runoff in 306 constituencies, and 4 candidates in 5 constituencies. After voluntary withdrawals, 3 candidates remain in 89 constituencies and 4 candidates in 2 constituencies. This is the first time since 1973 that a French parliamentary election has required a runoff with 4 candidates..
## Polls
## Results
Results below Internal correspond to the classification of alliances of the ministry of affairs and may differ from indicators from other sources.
## More information
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742783 | Asuman Ozdaglar | Asuman Ozdaglar (born December 16, 1974) is a Turkish academician.
## Early life
Asuman was born on December 16, 1974 in the family of Ismail Ozdaglar and Zahide Ozdaglar. His father Ismail Ozdaglar was the former State Minister of the 45th Government of Turkey from December 13, 1983 to January 15, 1985.
## Career
Studied at the Middle East Technical University (METU) in Ankara and received a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering in 1996. He then went on to study at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the United States and received his PhD in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science in 2003. In the same university, he held the positions of associate professor (2003), (2008) and professor (2012). His research interests include optimization, machine learning, economics, and networks. His recent research focuses on the design of stimuli and algorithms for data-driven online systems with many different human-machine participants. He has studied data ownership and markets, the spread of disinformation in social networks, economic and financial contagion, and social learning.
In 2017, he was appointed the new head of MIT's Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS). His predecessor, Ananta Chandrakasan, says, "Professor Ozdaglar has emerged as an inspiring researcher and true leader in the fields of optimization theory and algorithms, game theory, and networks."
## Personal life
Asuman Ozdaglar is married to economist Daron Acemoglu.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742784 | Meral Menderes | Meral Menderes (trans. Meral Menderes; 1933, Istanbul - December 27, 2011, Maltepe, Istanbul) is a soprano Turkish opera singer.
## Biography
Meral Menderes was born in Aydin in 1933 in the city of Kusadasi. He received his first singing lessons from Munir Ceyhan at Istanbul City Conservatory. Then he studied at the newly established opera studio. His mentors were various foreign and Turkish vocal coaches.
Meral made his stage debut on March 19, 1960, performing Giacomo Puccini's "Tosca" at the Istanbul City Opera, founded in 1959. Her next performance was in the opera "Madame Butterfly". His next roles are: Santuzza ("Kurmet Rusticana"; Pietro Mascani) and "La Bohème", in the opera "Turandot" staged in Ankara; Played the role of Antonia in "The Tales of Hoffmann" (Jacques Offenbach). He also performed in operas such as Macbeth (Giuseppe Verdi), Mascherada (Giuseppe Verdi), Barter Bride (Bedric Smetana) and Il Trovatore.
She was known as a soprano with a natural and wonderful voice in the upper vocal range. Meral Menderes was one of the first opera singers of the Republic era. He performed on stage for almost 30 years.
In 2010, he received the "Art Award" dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the Istanbul Opera, given by the general director of the Turkish State Opera and Ballet Theater Rengim Gökmen.
He died on December 27, 2011 in his home in Maltepe, Istanbul, at the age of 78. He was buried in Küçukyaly Cemetery after a memorial service at Süreya Opera House and a religious funeral at Maltepe Mosque.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742794 | Julien Alfred | Julien Alfred (English. Julien Alfred; July 10, 2001, Castries, Saint Lucia) is a Saint Lucian athlete, sailor. The first Olympic champion from Saint Lucia. At the 2024 Summer Olympics, he won a gold medal in 100 meters.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742818 | Zholaman Nazarbekovich Sharshenbekov | Zholaman Nazarbekovich Sharshenbekov (September 20, 1999, Talas region) is a Kyrgyz master of Greco-Roman wrestling. World and Asian champion. Bronze medalist of the 2024 Summer Olympics.
## Links
* https://www.iat.uni-leipzig.de/datenbanken/dbwrestling/daten.php?spid=3B08BD9209EC47169D7DD681C3F5020A |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742751 | Turkan Sailan | Turkan Saylan (December 13, 1935 – May 18, 2009) was a Turkish dermatologist, academician, writer, educator, and public figure. He is known as the founder of the charity foundation "Association for the Support of Contemporary Life" (trans. Çağdaş Yaşamı Destekleme Derneği, ÇYDD).
## Biography
Turkan was born on December 13, 1935 in Istanbul in the family of Fasih Galip Bey, one of the first who was at the beginning of the establishment of the young Turkish Republic, and his mother was Lili Mina Reimann, a Swiss convert to Islam, married after leaving, she took the Turkish name Leila. Turkan Saylan was the eldest of five brothers.
In 1944-1946 he studied at the primary school in Kandilli. In 1946-1953, she continued her studies at the girls' school in Kandilli.
In 1963, he graduated from Istanbul Medical School.
In 1964-1968, he worked at the social assistance hospital in Nishantashi and specialized in skin diseases.
In 1968, he started working as a senior assistant in the specialty of dermatology at the medical faculty of Istanbul University.
In 1971, he received a scholarship to continue his studies in England. In 1974 he worked in France, in 1976 in England. He became a teacher in 1972 and a professor in 1977.
In 1976, he fought against leprosy and founded the Anti-Leprosy Association.
In 1976, he began specializing in leprosy and was one of the founders of the International Leprosy Union (ILU).
In 1981-2002, in addition to working as a university professor, he was the chief physician of the Leprosy Hospital in Istanbul under the Turkish Ministry of Health.
In 1982-1987, he headed the scientific department of the Faculty of Medicine, Skin Diseases of Istanbul University. From 1981 to 2001, he was the director of the dermatology research center of the university.
Until 2006, Turkan Saylan worked as a leprosy consultant at the World Health Organization. Participated in the creation of the clinic of skin pathology, Behcet's disease and venereal diseases. On the basis of charity, he served as the chief physician of the Istanbul Leprosy Hospital for 21 years, from 1981 to 2002. He was also a member of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology of the International Leprosy Society and received many awards and prizes for his work.
He died on May 18, 2009.
## Family
Married in 1957. Two sons were born from the marriage, one of them was an artist and the other was a doctor. Saylan has four grandchildren.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742777 | Pavel Durov's interview with Tucker Carlson | Pavel Durov's interview with Tucker Carlson (Russian: Интервый Павла Дурова Такеру Карлсону) — In February 2024, an interview of Russian businessman Pavel Durov with American political commentator Tucker Carlson took place. It premiered on April 17, 2024 on all of Tucker Carlson's official sources, his Tucker Carlson Network streaming service, and partially on his Telegram channel. This was Pavel Durov's second interview in 2024 and the biggest video interview in the last 8 years.
As of August 3, 2024, the interview on Tucker Carlson's YouTube channel has garnered nearly 3.5 million views, 153,000 likes, and 19,000 comments.
## Background
### Pavel Durov's interview with the Financial Times publication
On March 11, 2024, Pavel Durov gave his first interview to the Financial Times journalists in the last 7 years gave an interview. It talked about the achievements of the Telegram messenger; on the estimation of the value of the messenger; and its possible IPO. With the start of Russia's massive invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, the reach of the messenger almost doubled, registering 400 million new users from 2021 to 2024. Also, if Telegram is listed on the stock exchange, many investors have valued the corporation at $30 billion.
### Announcement of Pavel Durov's interview with Tucker Carlson
On April 16, 2024, 2 months after filming the interview, Pavel Durov openly announced on his Telegram channel that he was the new guest of his interview with Tucker Carlson . According to Durov himself, the interview should be published "soon" on the Telegram channel created by the Tucker Carlson Network streaming service. He decided to do this because "as the leader of a politically neutral platform, he is obliged to talk to journalists of various political views" and called Carlson "a well-known conservative" and noted that he spoke with a certain "journalist of liberal views" that day.
## Premiere
The interview was published on Tucker Carlson's social networks and on his Tucker Carlson Network streaming service the day after Pavel Durov's April 17, 2024 message. The total duration of the interview was originally supposed to last more than 3 hours, but it was 58 minutes and 48 seconds. The interview was held at the headquarters of the Telegram Corporation located in Dubai (UAE).
The interview started from an incomprehensible moment for many, how Pavel Durov learned to compare the free market system between the USSR and Italy when his family moved to Turin from the age of 4. Then, as Durov said, he liked the capitalist system.
## Contents
### Opening of the VKontakte network, opposition protests in Russia in 2011-2013 and the first problems of the Russian authorities
\ <> After the collapse of the USSR, the Durov family returned to Russia from Italy. In the early 1990s, Pavel and his brother Nikolai started teaching programming when they were both students, and with some basic knowledge, they created special websites for friends and acquaintances, after which Pavel at one point created a website nicknamed "Russian Facebook". However, Pavel and Nikolay did not like this name, because they are creating a website that is superior to Facebook in a certain way. Thus, the website was called "VKontakte", which Pavel opened when he was only 21 years old.
Durov's first problems began in Russia when the already established VKontakte social network gained popularity, gaining up to 100 million active users. Pavel always believed that there was a "free market" not only in Italy, but also in Russia. However, after the Russian opposition, then under the leadership of its former leader Boris Nemtsov, began using VKontakte as a platform for organizing protests in Russia, Russian authorities began monitoring Pavel Durov's social network, asking him to fight it. By introducing censorship, which Durov rejected, the opposition: "VKontakte is a large social network with large public communities, everyone can join it, everyone can read what people discuss, what administrators post. They can comment and share. So it became an organizing tool for the protestors. It was not about taking sides in the political struggle. We defended freedom of speech and freedom of assembly, and we were convinced that it was right."
### Euromaidan 2013-2014, criminal prosecution and emigration in Russia
Several years after the protests in Russia in 2011-2013, the opposition in Ukraine in 2013 On November 21, it held a mass protest in the center of Kyiv, during which many of its members began using the VKontakte network as a means of speaking out against Russian propaganda. After the ouster of Ukraine's pro-Russian president, Viktor Yanukovych, Russian authorities began to persecute Durov again. This time, they not only demanded Durov to introduce censorship, but also demanded to provide the FSB with all the data about Euromaidan participants. Durov refused a second time, telling the FSB that it was just another country's act. The reaction of the FSB was negative, so Durov had to submit to the system or leave the country.
### Total Lack of Telegram Marketing
Hearing Pavel Durov talk about his recent events in Russia between 2011 and 2014, Tucker Carlson interrupted him and said "it was a little weird" because the public has repeatedly stated that part of the Telegram messenger is owned by the Russian state, not by the Russian state. On the contrary, Durov replied: "Such statements can be made by people who have a limited understanding of where Telegram comes from. Perhaps they are encouraged by our competitors, who see this as an easy way to blackmail us, because Telegram is spreading rapidly: 2.5 million users register every day. And we are a threat. So I am not surprised by this perception. Our competitors spend tens of billions on marketing and use PR firms to run similar campaigns.”
Tucker Carlson drew attention to Durov's investment in promoting the messenger, telling him that in the entire history of Telegram, not a single dollar was spent on its promotion.
### Sale of "VKontakte"
Tucker Carlson also asked about the sale of the VKontakte social network to the Mail.Ru Group corporation and emigration from Russia, to which Pavel Durov said that this decision "hurt him a little".
### Building Telegram
Tucker Carlson asked a question about building Telegram messenger. Pavel Durov said that the idea of introducing such a messenger arose during his stay in Russia when he was persecuted by the Federal Security Service for refusing to cooperate with the Russian authorities.
### After emigrating from Russia
After leaving Russia, Pavel Durov began to travel around the world. Trying to find the perfect place to set up the headquarters of the messenger, Telegram first came to Germany, then to the UK and Singapore.
Tucker Carlson asked why he didn't choose between these three countries for his headquarters. Durov replied that there are problems in the bureaucracy.
### San Francisco attack and FBI interest in Pavel Durov
While in the US, Pavel Durov came to San Francisco and met Jack Dorsey Met at the office of X (formerly Twitter). On his way back to the hotel, he was attacked by unknown people who tried to steal his phone.
Pavel Durov also said that he paid a lot of attention to the FBI after this incident.
### Moving to the UAE
Pavel Durov's next location was Dubai, UAE, which Durov considered as a potential location for the headquarters of the Telegram messenger, because starting a business in the UAE is easy; tax efficient; excellent infrastructure; and the absence of a state repressive apparatus.
### Harassment by the American authorities
Due to the capture of the Capitol by supporters of the 45th President of the United States, Donald Trump, on January 6, 2021, Pavel Durov was deported from the United States received a letter in which the American authorities demanded from him all information about "participants in the rebellion". Against the results of the 2020 US presidential election. After consulting with their lawyers, they advised Durov to "ignore it." However, the US Democratic Party began to threaten Durov with accusations of "violation of the US Constitution".
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742836 | Alexandra Le | Alexandra Georgievna Le (May 3, 2004, Almaty) is a Kazakhstani target shooter, bronze medalist of the 2024 Summer Olympics (in mixed doubles with Islam Satbayev).
## Biography
Mother is Kazakh Ukrainian, father is Kazakh Korean.
Gold medalist of the World Championship held in Jakarta in 2023.
Silver and bronze medalist of the 2023 Asian Championship.
Bronze medalist of the 2022 Summer Asian Games.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742847 | Akzhol Makhamadzhanovich Makhmudov | Akzhol Makhamadzhanovich Makhmudov (April 15, 1999, Osh region) is a Kyrgyz master of Greco-Roman wrestling. Silver medalist of the 2020 Summer Olympics, bronze medalist of the 2024 Summer Olympics. He became the world champion in 2022, 2023, Asian champion in 2018, 2022, 2023, Asian Games champion in 2022.
## Links
* Profile |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742837 | Aigerim Sarybai | Aigerim Galivyna Sarybai (February 18, 1997, Almaty) is a Kazakh athlete, fencer. The first Kazakh girl participating in the Olympic Games in fencing
## Career
She has been engaged in this sport since she was 13 years old.
In 2019, 2021, 2022, he became the bronze medalist of the Asian Championship in the team competition. At the 2018 Summer Asian Games, he also won a bronze medal in the team competition.
won a license for the 2024 Summer Olympics at an international tournament held in the UAE in April 2024. In the finals of the competition, representative of Hong Kong Koo won over Wing Chu with a score of 15:13. But he could not go beyond the 1/8 final at the Olympics.
## Sources
## Links
* Road to Olympus |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742813 | Tim Walz | Timothy James Walz (/wɔːlz/; April 6, 1964, West Point, Nebraska) is an American politician and teacher, serving as the 41st Governor of Minnesota since 2019. Walz, a Democrat, is the party's presumptive vice presidential nominee in the 2024 U.S. presidential election. He also served as Minnesota's 1st District Representative in the US House of Representatives from 2007 to 2019.
Born in West Point, Nebraska, Walz worked in agriculture, manufacturing and education after a 24-year stint in the US Army. He later attended Chadron State College in Nebraska and moved to Minnesota in 1996. Prior to his election to Congress, he was also a social studies teacher and football coach in Mankeito. In 2006, he was elected to the US House of Representatives from Minnesota's 1st District, re-elected to the same position five different times, and announced his resignation in 2019 due to another position.
On November 6, 2018, Walz was elected the 41st governor of Minnesota. In 2022, he was re-elected, and on July 6, 2024, he chose Kamala Harris Walz, the Democratic front-runner in the 2024 US presidential election, as his running mate and vice presidential running mate.
## Early life and education
Timothy James Walz was born on April 6, 1964 in West Point, Nebraska. James F., a mother named Darlene Rose (née Rayman) and a school administrator. He had a father named Walz. Walz and his three siblings were raised together in Valentine, a rural town in the northwestern part of the state. When Walz was in high school, his father was diagnosed with lung cancer. The family moved to Butte to be closer to relatives.
Walz graduated from Butte High School in 1982 with a class of 25 students. A year later, his father died. In 1989, Walz graduated from Chadron State College with a bachelor's degree in sociology. In 1995, he was arrested on a charge of driving under the influence, and since then he has completely abstained from alcohol. In 2001, he graduated from Minnesota State University, Mankaito, with a master's degree in educational leadership.
## Career
### As a Teacher
After graduation, Walz served in agriculture and manufacturing and in the US National Guard. He later received a higher education in the field of education, like his father. After her studies at Chadron State College, she spent a year teaching in China through the WorldTeach program she was offered (she still speaks a little Chinese). Upon his return, Walz began teaching and coaching in Alliance, Nebraska, where he met his colleague and future wife, Gwen Whipple. In 1994, the two married and two years later moved to Mankeito, Minnesota, his wife's home state, where Walz was a geography teacher and coach at Mankeito High School. He led the American football team to its first state championship in 1999. In 1999, Walz agreed to be the faculty advisor for the first gay-straight alliance at Mankato West High School. Walz and his wife also chair the Educational Travel Adventures program, which organizes educational summer trips for students to China.
### Military Service
Supported by his father, Walz joined the US National Guard when he turned 17. His father was a veteran of the Korean War and had financed his education with the help of the GI Bill and wanted his son to do the same.
Walz, who enlisted in the military in 1981, served 24 years in the National Guard. During his military service, he was sent to Arizona, Texas, the Arctic Circle, New Elm, Minnesota and other places. He was engaged in high-powered artillery. During his service, Walz worked in disaster relief positions following floods and tornadoes, and although he never saw combat, he spent several months on active duty overseas. In 1989, he was named the Nebraska State Trooper of the Year. Walz reached the rank of command sergeant major near the end of his service, but when he retired in 2005, he ended his service as a master sergeant because he had not completed his coursework at the US Army Sergeant Major Academy.
## US House of Representatives
### Elections
Walz volunteered for John Kerry's 2004 presidential campaign and soon became the campaign coordinator for his district , has also been appointed District Veterans Coordinator for Kerry. In 2006, Walz announced his candidacy for the US Congress. On November 7, 2006, he defeated incumbent Republican Gil Gutknecht and was sworn into the United States House of Representatives on January 3, 2007.
In 2008, Walz was re-elected with 62% of the popular vote, becoming the only Democrat in the district's history to achieve a second full term. He was subsequently re-elected in 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2016.
### Service
Walz has served on the House Agriculture Committee, the Veterans Affairs Committee, and the House Armed Services Committee. Along with Democrat Keith Ellison of Minnesota, Walz opposed President Bush's plan to increase the number of troops in Iraq. In his first week as an MP, Walz supported a bill to raise the minimum wage, voted against stem cell research and supported Medicare.
Although representing a district that typically votes Republican, pundits have described Walz's political positions as ranging from conservative to liberal. He also voted to continue funding military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Walz was the seventh most bipartisan member of the House (sometimes supporting Republicans, other times supporting proposals supported by Democrats) among members of the 114th Congress in the Bipartisan Index compiled by the Lugar Center and the McCourt School of Public Policy.
## Minnesota Governor
Walz announced his candidacy for governor after Minnesota's Democratic governor, Mark Dayton, said he would not seek a third term. Walz was elected governor on November 6, 2018.
On January 7, 2019, Walz was sworn in as Governor of Minnesota. In his inauguration speech, he spoke about education and health care systems.
### Police Reform and Response to Protests
See Also: The Killing of George Floyd
On May 26, 2020, following the killing of George Floyd, Walz and Lt. Gov. Peggy Flanagan called for justice and spoke out against Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin's killing of George Floyd, calling the video "disgusting."
Walz's initial reaction to the widespread protests following Floyd's death was criticized by political opponents and other groups. He later ordered the Minnesota Legislature to reconvene special sessions on police reform and accountability legislation in response to the death. The police reform was passed during the second extraordinary session in July, after failing to pass the first extraordinary session in June. On July 21, the legislature passed a major police reform law. The new compromise law included a ban on the use of chokeholds unless officers are in grave danger. He banned the training program of old fighters, which encouraged people to behave inhumanely and aggressively. The new training program called for police officers to learn how to work with people with autism or other mental health issues and how to de-escalate potentially volatile situations. He also created a special independent unit within the Bureau of Criminal Apprehension to investigate fatal police actions. Walz signed the bill into law on July 23, 2020.
### 2023 Reforms
The Minnesota Legislature, whose majority is held by the Minnesota Democratic-Farm-Labor Party, and Walz have teamed up to enact several reforms in the state, including requiring paid leave, legalized cannabis, increased spending on infrastructure and environmental issues, changed taxes, codified abortion rights, made all school meals free and required gun background checks. The Star Tribune called the legislative session "the most influential" in Minnesota history, and Walz called it "the most productive." While Walz has signed nearly every piece of legislation passed by the Legislature, he vetoed a bill to increase taxi aggregator pay, saying it didn't strike the right balance. It was his first veto as governor.
### 2024 and the Feeding Our Future scandal
In June 2024, 5 employees of the Minnesota-based nonprofit organization Feeding Our Future were linked to the 250 COVID-19 pandemic. was convicted of the largest fraud scheme in the country, valued at millions of dollars. A Minnesota state audit report criticized him and Walz's administration for the Minnesota Department of Education's failure to oversee the nonprofit, and Walz later pleaded guilty and said he accepted responsibility.
## 2024 Vice Presidential Candidacy
See also: 2024 US Presidential Election
On July 22, 2024, after President Joe Biden declined to seek re-election in 2024 Walz endorsed Vice President Kamala Harris for the presidency. Walz was immediately on Harris' list of possible running mates, and on August 6, 2024, Harris officially selected Walz as his running mate.
Walz is also said to be the author of a trend and Internet meme calling Donald Trump supporters and Republicans "weird". On the day Walz's running mate Harris was announced, Walz's Republican opponents called him "Tampon Tim." It was a nickname he got from signing a 2023 bill that would require public schools to provide free sanitary pads and tampons "in every restroom used by students in grades 4-12." Walz's political supporters responded positively to his "name" and the bill he signed.
## Political Position
### Cannabis
As governor of Minnesota, Walz advocated for the legalization of recreational cannabis. Walz, who announced his candidacy for governor in 2017, said "Minnesota still has an opportunity to replace the current failed policies with policies that generate tax revenue, increase jobs and opportunities for Minnesotans, protect Minnesota's children, and trust adults to make their own decisions based on their individual liberties." On May 30, 2023, he signed into law a law legalizing recreational cannabis in the state of Minnesota, which took effect on August 1, 2023.
### Economic Issues
During the 2008 economic crisis, Walz repeatedly opposed the use of taxpayer money to bail out financial institutions; in late September, he voted against the $700 billion TARP bill that would have bought troubled assets from these institutions. For the same reason, in December 2008, he voted against a bill that would have offered $14 billion in government loans to bail out the nation's largest automakers.
Despite voting against the taxpayer bailout payments to big banks and automakers, Walz voted with his Democratic colleagues to support the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. As a member of the House Transportation Committee, Walz saw the bill as an opportunity to "work with his colleagues in Congress to create jobs and, in turn, revitalize the economy by investing in public infrastructure like roads, bridges and clean energy."
### Education system
Walz, who has worked as a teacher for 20 years, is against the fact that teachers are paid "according to their work" (English: Merit pay). In a speech on February 12, 2009, he said, "To provide a strong foundation for [America's] economic future...it is very important to us to provide children with the best possible education."
### Gun Legislation
During his time in Congress, Walz became an advocate for the right of Americans to have access to firearms. After the 2018 Parkland High School shooting, he denounced the NRA's Political Victory Fund in a Star Tribune op-ed and announced that he would donate all of his campaign contributions — $18,000 — to the Tragedy Heroes Fund. As governor, Walz has expressed support for gun regulation and restrictions. In 2023, he signed a bill in Minnesota that would introduce mandatory background checks for gun buyers.
### Workers' Rights and Labor
In 2023, Walz signed into law legislation that would give employees paid sick leave and strengthen security checks. The law also gave construction workers enhanced protection against wage theft.
### LGBT rights
Walz supports the rights of the LGBT community and federal legislation that protects them from discrimination everywhere. In 2009, he demanded an end to the Don't Ask, Don't Tell policy. In 2007, it received a 90% rating from the Human Rights Campaign, the nation's largest LGBT rights organization. In 2011, he supported the legalization of same-sex marriage. As governor, Walz signed a number of bills supporting the LGBT community. In 2023, he signed a bill that would ban the practice of conversion therapy and a bill that would provide access to sex reassignment care in Minnesota.
### Israel-Hamas War
Walz condemned Hamas' attacks on Israel on October 7 and ordered flags to be flown at half-mast in the following days. In the 2024 Democratic primary in Minnesota, 19% of people said they were against everything, and Walz seemed to support the students protesting the war in Gaza, saying "it's their right to take a stand like that." Walz later said he supported a ceasefire in Gaza.
### Women's Rights
Walz argues that everyone has the right to an abortion, and Planned Parenthood has rated it 100%. The National Anti-Abortion Committee for the Right to Life gave it a 0% rating.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742787 | Denise Candiotti | Deniz Kandioti (born 15 March 1944) is an author and academic on gender relations and development policy studies in the Middle East, particularly in Turkey. Denise holds a PhD from the London School of Economics.
Her work on gender and Islam, particularly post-colonial and rural development, has been influential throughout the field. She has pioneered new research aimed at understanding the implications of Islam and public policy for women, and as a result, increased attention has been paid to the field.
Since 2010, Kandioti has been Emeritus Professor of Development Studies at the School of Oriental and African Studies, part of the University of London, where he started in 1992. It is a member of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), International Labor Organization (ILO), United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), Development (DFID) and United Nations Development for Women. He worked as a consultant in the International Department of Great Britain at the Foundation (UNIFEM).
## Early life and education
Born in Istanbul, Turkey, Kandioti holds British and Turkish citizenship. He received a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Paris in 1966 and a Master of Social Psychology from the London School of Economics, where he also received his PhD.
## Career and Research
Kandioti's early work focused on political economy and rural reconstruction, but later moved to gender, nationalism, and Islam. More recently, her research has returned to "the study of gender politics in Muslim-majority societies, but from a broader comparative perspective," which includes Afghanistan and Uzbekistan, as well as Turkey.
Kandioti's academic life was based on theoretical and field research. Her first interest in gender emerged while doing fieldwork for her PhD in Central Anatolia.
Between 1969 and 1980, Kandioti worked at Istanbul Technical University and Bogazici University in Turkey, but then moved to England and taught at Richmond College in Surrey, England. From 1987 to 1988, Kandioti was a fellow at the University of Manchester and the University of Sussex. In 1988, she coined the term patriarchal bargaining to describe the tactics by which a woman chooses to accept and adopt gender roles that negatively affect women in general but maximize her personal power and empowerment.
Between 2000 and 2005, Kandioti was part of a research project sponsored by the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD). During this time, the main areas of UNRISD research were poverty eradication, promotion of democracy and human rights, gender equality, environmental sustainability and the consequences of globalization. He is also the editor of the Central Asian Survey Journal, "the world's only established, peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary journal on the history, politics, culture, religion, and economics of the Central Asian and Caucasian regions." Kandioti's current project is titled Islam and Gender Politics.
## Publications
* Denise Candioti (1985). Women in Rural Production Systems: Issues and Policies. Paris: UNESCO.
As part of the Women in the World series, Kandioti "shows different patterns of women's participation in rural production systems through a comparative analysis of situations in Africa, Asia, Latin America, the Middle East, and North Africa" (foreword). ISBN 978-92-3-102296-8
* Candioti, Denise (September 1988). "Trading with patriarchy". Gender and society. 2 (3): 274–290.
Published at a time when Islamic gender studies were rare and the field was nascent, this article gained popularity. Since writing this article, Kandioti himself has criticized it, calling it "an analytically flawed work" (Hammami, 2006, p. 1350). She attributed the success of this article to "the immediate recognition of the phenomena she described, especially by her colleagues in the South who intuitively knew what she was talking about" (Hammami, 2006, p. 1350)
Islamic gender studies are rare and the field is relatively new. This article, published in the formative period, gained popularity. Since writing this article, Kandioti himself has criticized it, calling it "an analytically flawed work" (Hammami, 2006, p. 1350). She attributed the success of this article to "the immediate recognition of the phenomena she described, especially by her colleagues in the South who intuitively knew what she was talking about" (Hammami, 2006, p. 1350)
Islamic gender studies are rare and the field is relatively new. This article, published in the formative period, gained popularity. Since writing this article, Kandioti himself has criticized it, calling it "an analytically flawed work" (Hammami, 2006, p. 1350). He attributed the success of this article to the "immediate recognition of the phenomena described, especially by his colleagues in the south who intuitively knew what he was talking about" (Hammami, 2006, p. 1350)
* Denise Candioti, (1991). Women, Islam and the State. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
This book is a collection of case studies related to Islamic states and their history regarding women. The book argues that "an adequate analysis of the status of women in Muslim societies must be based on a detailed study of the political projects of contemporary states and their historical changes" (p. 2).
This book is a collection of case studies related to Islamic states and their history regarding women. The book argues that "an adequate analysis of the status of women in Muslim societies must be based on a detailed study of the political projects of contemporary states and their historical changes" (p. 2).
This book is a collection of case studies related to Islamic states and their history regarding women. The book argues that "an adequate analysis of the status of women in Muslim societies must be based on a detailed study of the political projects of contemporary states and their historical changes" (p. 2).
* Candioti, Denise (January 1990). "Women and Rural Development Policy: A Changing Agenda". Development and change. 21 (1): 5–22.
This paper examines and evaluates policies targeting rural women in the Third World as reflected in Women in Development (WID) studies and policy documents.
This paper examines and evaluates policies targeting rural women in the Third World as reflected in Women in Development (WID) studies and policy documents.
This paper examines and evaluates policies targeting rural women in the Third World as reflected in Women in Development (WID) studies and policy documents.
* Denise Candioti, (1996). Cariyeler, bailar, yurttaslar: ikimikler ve sommejne donusumler (Maids, sisters, citizens: identity and social change). Istanbul: Metis Yainlari.
## See also
* Women in Islam
## External links
* Home International Association for Feminist Economics (IAFFE)
* Homepage Journal of Feminist Economics
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742829 | Mihain Lopez Nunez | Mijaín López Núñez (born Mijaín López Núñez, August 20, 1982) is a Cuban Greco-Roman wrestler, five-time Olympic champion. Five-time world champion.
## Sources
## Links
* Profile |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742842 | European Bobsled and Skeleton Championships | The European Bobsled and Skeleton Championship is a bobsled and skeleton competition organized by the International Bobsled and Skeleton Federation.
European Bobsled Championships have been held since 1929. In the first championship, competitions were held only for men's doubles, after 1967, competitions for fours were also held. The first European championship in skeleton was held in 1981. Women's bobsleigh and skeleton were included in the program of the European championships in 2000 (at first, the bobsleigh championships for men and women were held separately). In 2004, the European championships, held separately from bobsled and skeleton, were combined into one sports event. Competitions between mixed teams have been held since 2007.
## List of championships
## Total number of medals
### Bobsleigh
# ## Skeleton
## External links
* 2-Man bobsleigh European Champions
* 2-Woman bobsleigh European Champions
* 4-Man bobsleigh European Champions \ <> * Men's skeleton European Champions
* Women's skeleton European Champions
* FIBT European Championships 2005(link unavailable)
* FIBT European Championships 2006 Archived 3 April 2023.
* FIBT European Championships 2007 – Bobsleigh Archived 3 April 2023.
* FIBT European Championships 2007 – Skeleton Archived 3 April 2023.
* FIBT European Championships 2008 Archived 3 April 2023.
* FIBT European Championships 2009(link unavailable)
* FIBT European Championships 2010(link unavailable)
* FIBT European Championships 2011(link unavailable)
* FIBT European Championships 2012 Archived 3 April 2023.
* FIBT European Championships 2013 Archived 3 April 2023.
* FIBT European Championships 2014 Archived 3 April 2023.
* FIBT European Championships 2015 – Bobsleigh and Men's Skeleton(link unavailable)
* FIBT European Championships 2015 – Women's Skeleton
* IBSF European Championships 2016 Archived 3 April 2023.
* IBSF European Championships 2017(link unavailable)
* IBSF European Championships 2018(link unavailable)
* IBSF European Championships 2019 – Bobsleigh(link unavailable)
* IBSF European Championships 2019 – Skeleton Archived 3 April 2023.
* IBSF European Championships 2020 – Bobsleigh Four-man Archived 3 April 2023.
* IBSF European Championships 2020 – Bobsleigh Two-man and Two-woman, Men's and Women's Skeleton(link unavailable)
* IBSF European Championships 2021 Archived 3 April 2023.
* IBSF European Championships 2022 Archived 3 April 2023.
* IBSF European Championships 2023 Archived 3 April 2023. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742857 | Nurbek Rakhatuly Oralbay | Nurbek Rakhatuly Oralbai (June 11, 2000, Almaty) is a Kazakhstani amateur boxer, silver medalist of the 2024 Summer Olympics held in Paris.
## Career
won the gold medal at the 2018 World Youth Championship in Budapest.
won the bronze medal at the Asian Championship held in Amman in 2022.
Nurbek Oralbai competed in the World Boxing Championship in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, in the 80 kg category. In the final match for the title of world champion, he defeated the ethnic Kazakh Toktarbek Tanatkan, who competed on behalf of the country of China, and became the world champion.
### 2024 Summer Olympics
Nurbek Oralbay took part in the 2024 Summer Olympics and held his first match during the Olympics against Australian Callum Peters. Nurbek, who won with a score of 3:2, fought against the Azerbaijani boxer Murad Allahverdiev in the quarter-finals and won by unanimous decision of the judges. In the semifinals, he met Cristian Pinales from Dominica, won 3:2 and qualified for the finals. In the Olympic final, he fought with the Ukrainian athlete Oleksandr Khizhnyak and won Olympic gold. In the fight in the 80 kg category, the Kazakh boxer lost 3:2 and won the silver medal.
## Personal life
Aibek Oralbai, the twin brother of Nurbek Oralbay, is also engaged in amateur boxing.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742859 | Sanzhar Tashkenbay | Sanzhar Takenuly Tashkenbai (born June 1, 2003, Astana) is a Kazakh amateur boxer who won a gold medal at the 2021 World Youth Championship and the 2021 Asian Youth Championship.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742801 | Leman Altynchekich | Leman Bozkurt Altynchekich (November 1, 1932 - May 4, 2001) was a Turkish pilot. She was the first female jet pilot accredited by the Turkish Air Force and NATO.
Leman Bozkurt was born on November 1, 1932 in the city of Sarikamysh, Kars province, in an Azerbaijani family. After graduating from a girls' high school in Istanbul, she applied to the Inonu Training Center of the Turkish Aeronautical Association in the Inonu district of Eskişehir province to become a glider pilot.
## Military service
In 1954, when the Turkish Air Force decided to enroll women, Lehmann applied to the air force. She was the first female student at the military academy in Izmir. In 1955-1957 he was trained in propeller aircraft. In the interview, she says that initially the school did not have a boarding school for female students, and she had to live as a guest in the house of an officer's family. On August 30, 1957, he graduated as a military pilot. Although five more female students were later admitted to the school, she would be the only female student to join the aviation department at the Eskişehir military base. Lehmann trained as a jet pilot in Eskişehir and was promoted to second lieutenant on November 22, 1958. Until 1967, he flew the Republic F–84 Thunderjet and the Lockheed T-33. In later years, he worked as a staff member. He retired as a senior air colonel.
## Personal life
In 1959, Leman Bozkurt married Tahir Altinchekic, a colleague from Eskişehir. He died on May 4, 2001 in Izmir and was buried in Karabaglar Cemetery.
On December 1, 1984, on the 50th anniversary of Turkish women's full suffrage, she was invited to the Turkish parliament to receive a plaque for being the "first woman in the profession".
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742862 | Cycling at the Olympic Games | Cycling competitions were held at all Olympic Games.
However, in the first modern Olympics, competitions were held consecutively on track and road, but in 1900-1908, road races were not held, and in 1912, track races were not included in the program. At first, competitions were held only among men. Competitions among women have been held only since 1984.
Mountain bike competition was introduced to the Olympics in 1996. BMX racing (velomotocross) has been held since 2008.
At the last Olympics, 22 sets of medals were evaluated.
## Competitions
### Men
Track
Road
Mountainbike |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742874 | Rock Dog | "Rock Dog" (English: Rock Dog; Chinese: 摇死藏獒) is a 2016 animated 3D cartoon by director Ash Brannon. Produced by "Mandoo Pictures" studio and released by "Summit Premiere" film company. Starring Luke Wilson, Eddie Izzard, J.J. K. Simmons, Lewis Black, Kenan Thompson, Mae Whitman, Jorge Garcia and Matt Dillon.
## Cast
* Luke Wilson - Bodie
* Eddie Izzard - Angus Scattergood
* J. K. Simmons — Campa
* Lewis Black — Dinnox
* Kenan Thompson — Riff
* Mae Whitman — Darma
* Jorge Garcia — Germur
* Matt Dillon — Trey
* Sam Elliott — Fleetwood Yak
* Lisa Richardson - Radio DJ
* Ash Brannon - Ian
* Will Finn - Floyd / Carl
## Review
Rotten Tomatoes review aggregator site 47 % reported approval rating, average score 5.3/10, based on 57 reviews. Metacritic gave the film a weighted average of 48 out of 100 based on 16 critics, indicating "mixed to average reviews".
## Sources
## Links
* rockdogmovie.com Star Wars - official site
* Star Wars (eng.) Internet At Movie Database
* Star Wars (Eng.) At Metacritic
* Star Wars (Eng.) At Rotten Tomatoes
* Star Wars (Eng.) At Box Office Mojo
* Star Wars (eng.) at AllMovie
* Star Wars (eng.) at TCM Movie Database |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742827 | Meerim Jumanazarova | Meerim Rahmadilovna Zhumanazarova (November 9, 1999, Talas region) is a Kyrgyz freestyle wrestler, silver medalist of the 2024 Summer Olympics, bronze medalist of the 2020 Summer Olympics. 2021 World and Asian Champion. Bronze medalist of the 2018 Summer Asian Games.
## Sources
## Links
* https://www.iat.uni-leipzig.de/datenbanken/dbwrestling/daten .php?spid=F70AA16B94CE486D9268AAFD8F67260A |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742782 | Pelin Esmer | Pelin Esmer (born 1972, Istanbul) is a Turkish director, screenwriter and producer.
Pelin, who writes and directs fiction and documentary films, studied sociology at Esmer Bogazici University and then attended Yavuz Özkan's Z1 Film Workshop. He worked as an assistant director on documentaries and feature films, then founded his own film company, Sinefilm. Since 2001, he has been making independent films. He directed the films "10 Minutes to 11", "The Watchtower", "Something Useful" and "Queen Lear".
The documentary The Game (2005) had its international premiere at the San Sebastian Film Festival. It has screened at over fifty festivals around the world and won numerous awards, including the Best Documentary Award at the Tribeca Film Festival.
His first fantasy film, 10 Minutes to 11 (2009), was one of six projects selected for the Cinéfondation at the Cannes Film Festival. Esmer finished the script of his film here. "10 Minutes to 11" was shown in the official selection of the San Sebastián Film Festival, won many international awards and was released in Turkey, France and Germany.
His second fantasy film Watchtower (2012), which opened at the Toronto and Rotterdam Film Festivals, has been screened in many countries and five different US states as part of the Caravanserai program.
Her third fantasy film Useful Thing (2017) won the FIPRESCI Best Director, Best Screenplay and Best Actress awards in Turkey, as well as the Best Screenplay Award at the Tallinn Black Nights Film Festival.
Invited to Berlin by DAAD Artist-in-Residence program in 2018, Pelin Esmer developed her documentary film "Queen Lear" (2019) there. "Queen Lear", which premiered at the Sarajevo Film Festival, continued its journey at festivals abroad and was recognized as worthy of the Yilmaz Guney Award and the SİYAD Juneit Chebenoyan Award at the Adana Altyn Koza Film Festival in Turkey.
In the fall of 2019, Pelin Esmer, invited by the Camargo Foundation to an artist residency in Cassis, France, started working on her new fantasy film project there. He is currently working on this project.
## External links
* Official site
* Pelin Esmer IMDb page
## Source |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742883 | Terraforming Mars | Terraforming Mars is a hypothetical procedure involving a combination of planetary-scale engineering projects and other projects related to transforming Mars into a habitable planet. This process involves changing the planet's current climate, atmosphere, and surface through various resource-intensive initiatives, as well as establishing a new ecosystem or systems.
The reasons for choosing Mars over other space objects lie in the presence of water on the planet's surface and its geological history, which suggests that the planet once had a dense Earth-like atmosphere. However, it can be said that the low gravity of the planet, dirty soil, low level of light compared to Earth and lack of magnetic field are the conditions that have a negative effect on the complete terraforming of Mars.
Scientists and experts debate whether current technology can make the planet habitable. Reasons for opposition to terraforming include ethical concerns and the costs associated with doing so. On the contrary, proponents of terraforming the planet say that the main reasons for terraforming Mars are to reduce concerns about the depletion of Earth's resources and to prevent human extinction by colonizing other planets.
## Benefits and negative effects on humans
Due to the increase in human population, the depletion of Earth's resources, and the existence of a possible End Times, an alternative solution is for humanity to colonize other space objects such as Mars and the Moon. may require construction. Establishing colonies in space maximizes and facilitates the collection of energy and material resources of the solar system.
Mars is the most similar to Earth among the other planets in the solar system. While studying the geology of the planet Mars, scientists found out that the planet was similar to the Earth in the past. For example, the atmosphere of Mars used to be thick and suitable for recreation. Scientists also suggest that the planet's surface has had a large amount of water lost through the dissipation of the planetary atmosphere, or in simpler words, the drying of the planet's surface, for hundreds of millions of years.
If alien life does exist on Mars, then the possibility that we destroy it during terraforming is seen as an adverse effect of terraforming Mars.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742830 | Emine Semiye Onasya | Emine Semie Onasya (also known as Emine Vahide, 28 March 1866, Constantinople - 1944, Istanbul) was a Turkish writer, teacher, activist and one of the first feminists.
## Biography
Emine was born on March 28, 1866 in Constantinople. She is the second daughter of Ahmed Cevdet Pasha and Mrs. Advie Rabia and the sister of the writer Alie Fatma. Emine Semie studied psychology and sociology in France and Switzerland for seven years. She was one of the first Ottoman Muslim women to be educated in Europe.
From 1882, Emine Semie taught Turkish language and literature in Istanbul and other cities. She worked as an inspector at a girls' school and as a junior nurse at Sisley Eftal Hospital. Emine has written articles on education and politics published in "Pikir" and "Ladies' Newspapers". In 1893, he wrote a mathematics textbook "Hulasa-i Ilm-i Hesap". The most famous works of Emine Semie are the stories "Poverty" and "The Pit of Hell".
Along with her sister Alie Fatma, Emine is considered one of the most important figures of the women's rights movement in the Ottoman Empire. She participated in the creation of several charitable organizations, the purpose of which was to help women. Emine also fought for women's rights. He was a member of the Unity and Progress Party, as well as the Ottoman Democratic Party. In 1920, Emine Semie joined the board of the Turkish Press Association.
### Personal life
Emine lived in Paris for a long time. He was married twice. The name of the first husband was Mustafa Bey, and the second was Reshit Pasha. Both marriages ended in divorce. Emine had a son named Cevdet Lagash. Emine Semie died in 1944 in Istanbul.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742778 | Seniha Bedri Göknil | Seniha Bedri Göknil (1901, Istanbul - June 4, 1973, Istanbul) was a Turkish writer, translator and winner of the Goethe Medal. He is one of the first translators of the Turkish game. He also translated many German and French plays into Turkish.
Mukhsin continued translating in the field of games after he started translating thanks to his close friendship with Ertugrul. Seniha Bedri Göknil translated the works of many authors into Turkish, such as Friedrich Schiller, Henrik Ibsen, Peter Weiss, Ludwig Fulda, Gustav Freitag, Edmund Morris, Hermann Sudermann, Gerhart Hauptmann, William Shakespeare, Goethe. After translating Goethe's play "Stella", he was awarded the Order of Goethe.
He continued his spiritual life with the Mevlevi discipline he had followed since childhood. Senikha is the daughter of a minister, and later her grandchildren were writers, academicians and worked in the parliament.
## Life
Seniha Bedri Göknil was born in 1901 in Istanbul to a well-known and religious aristocratic family. His father is the Minister of Public Works and Advisor to the Prime Minister, Giritli Zia Bey, and his mother is Dilistan Hanimefendi. After graduating from Notre-Dame de Sion High School, Seniha started translating because of her foreign language skills and interest in literature. At first he learned French by private study, and then in the 1930s he learned German to the point where he could translate competently. He traveled abroad many times. After the age of 60, he learned Persian with the advice and encouragement of Shefik Jan in order to read the original ghazals of Shaban-y Veli (Pir).
## Career
He was awarded the Order of Goethe in 1933 for his work and success in translating Goethe's play "Stella". The book of the play, which was translated and staged in 1932, was published in 1946. As a result of his close friendship with Muhsin Ertuğrul, he added many theater pieces to his translations.
The plays he translated were performed between 1923 and 1971, especially in Istanbul City Theaters, State Theater, Kent Actors and Oraloğlu Theater. Seniha played an important role in the development of the Turkish theater during the years of its foundation, with the plays she translated into Turkish, especially from German and Scandinavian literature, and the articles she wrote.
### Faust
Muhsin Ertugrul translated the play "Faust" into Turkish. In 1935, Mederov translated the text of the work he wrote for the stage. Finding the first version too long, Muhsin reworked the translation before the play with Ertuğrul's suggestions.
## Family
Bedri Nedim Göknil, who worked as a tobacconist when they started their family, later became the 4th candidate of the Democratic Party. He was a member of the Istanbul Parliament. After marriage, they moved to Ayazpasha district. Seniha lived a simple and spiritual life. From this marriage, they had two daughters, Nazan and Ulya, who later became art critics.
In the following years, Nazan married the art critic Mazar Shevket Ipshiroglu. He died in 2015. Writer, theater critic Zehra was born from this marriage.
His second daughter is Ulya Vogt Göknil, born in 1921. After completing her studies, Ulja settled in Switzerland as an art and architectural historian and married Zürich art historian Adolf Max Vogt. He died in 2014. Their son from this marriage, Nedim Peter Vogt, was a Swiss lawyer and writer.
Göknil died on June 4, 1973. On June 6, 1973, after the funeral prayer in Teshvikiye, he was buried in the family cemetery in Buyukada.
## Translations
* Faust (Goethe, 1935)
* King's Lyre (Shakespeare 1937, 3rd ed. 1967)
* World Literature Selected plays (1938)
* Don Carlos (Schiller, 1943)
* Brand (Ibsen, 1945)
* Stella (Goethe, 1946)
* Wallenstein's Trilogy I. Wallenstein's Headquarters (Schiller, 1946)
* II. Piccolominis (Schiller, 1947)
* Wilhelm Tell (Schiller, 1949)
* Dear (Suderman, 1950)
* The Death of Wallenstein (Schiller, 1952)
* Journey to Italy (Goethe, 1953) \ <> * Journalists (Freitag, 1956)
* Peer Gynt (Ibsen, 1956)
* Pirates (Schiller, 1958)
* Woe to the Liar (Grillparzer, 1958)
* At Sunset (Hauptmann, 1959)
* Mara (Weiss, 1968)
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742879 | Gymnastics at the Olympic Games | Gymnastics competitions were held at all Olympic Games. However, initially competitions were held only among men, and competitions among women entered the program only in 1928. At the last Olympic Games, 14 sets of medals from sports gymnastics were evaluated.
Rhythmic gymnastics competitions have been held since 1984. They are held only among women.
Trampoline jumping was included in the Olympic program in 2000.
## Competitions
### Gymnastics
Men
The following types of competitions were also held among men before : rope climbing (1896, 1904, 1924, 1932), team roping (1896), team double pole (1896), seven shot (1904), nine shot (1904), sculling (1904), team freestyle (1912, 1920), the Swedish system between teams (1912, 1920), the cup-horizontal horse (1924), the Indian bull (1932), the acrobatic walk (1932).
Women
Also, in 1952 and 1956, a competition of weight training was held among women's teams.
### Rhythmic gymnastics
### Trampoline jumping |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742789 | Chiler Ilhan | Çiler İlhan (trans. Çiler İlhan, born in 1972 in Denizli) is a Turkish writer, translator, journalist and human rights defender. Winner of the 2011 European Union Prize for Literature. Author of three books. His books have been published in more than 20 countries.
## Biography
Chiler Ilhan was born in 1972 in Denizli and grew up in Izmir.
From 1979 to 1983, Denizli studied at Merkezefendi Primary School. Then, from 1983 to 1990, he was a student of Izmir Private College.
He studied International Relations and Political Science at Bosphorus University and graduated from the Glion Hotel School in Switzerland.
At various times, he worked as a public relations manager, writer, editor, translator, and literary critic at an Istanbul hotel.
Since 2017, Chiler lives in the Netherlands. He is the editor-in-chief of Condé Nast Traveler Türkiye magazine.
Chiler Ilhan is a member of the Turkish and Dutch PEN clubs. He does many public works as a human rights defender. Defender of freedom of speech, human rights and women's rights in Turkey. Active fighter against domestic violence and discrimination against women in Turkey.
## Creativity
Chiler started writing his first poems at the age of 10. While in college, he wrote his first diaries and stage plays.
His literary talent was evident when he was studying at Bosphorus University, where he says he began writing stories "consciously" in his own words.
In 1993, Chiler received the "Outstanding Short Story" prize of the Youth Award named after Ilkhan Yashar Nabi.
Chiler's stories, essays, book reviews, travel articles and Turkish translations have been published in various magazines and newspaper supplements.
In 2011, he won the European Union Prize for Literature for his collection of short stories, Land Transfer. The book has been published in more than 20 countries, including the UK, Italy, France, the Netherlands and Mexico. Also, the collection "Transfer" was shortlisted for the Prix Du Livre Lorientales 2017 literary award.
Chiler Ilkhan contributed to more than 15 national and international anthologies.
In 2005, the story "Vulgata" was published in the collection "1002 Night Stories".
### Books
* 2006 ─ "Room of Dream Merchants" / Rüya Tacirleri Odası (collection of stories);
* 2010 ─ "Deportation" / Exile (Collection of short stories);
* 2021 ─ "House of Service" / Nishan Evi (novel).
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742765 | Simone Biles | Simone Arianne Biles (English Simone Arianne Biles; March 14, 1997, Columbus, Ohio, USA) is an American gymnast, seven-time Olympic champion, 23-time world champion.
## Achievements
## Links
* https://web.archive |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742869 | Nesrin Sipahi | Nesrin Akcan Sipahi (born November 29, 1934 in Eşilköy) is a Turkish singer specializing in Turkish-language music. State Artist of Turkey (1998).
## Life
Nesrin Sipahi was born on November 29, 1934 in Bakırköy district of Istanbul, Turkey.
His parents were from Crimea. His two brothers, Nikhat and Cetin, were theater actors. Graduated from Bakirkoy secondary school. After a brief marriage in 1950, she married Hasan Aldemir Sipahi on January 23, 1957. He has two sons: Yunus Emre was born in 1957 and Kandemir was born in 1968.
## Musical career
As a teenager, he became interested in music. At first, he performed western music, but later he started playing Turkish music. In 1953, Nesrin joined Ankara Radio, which was considered the main music training center at the time.
In 1960, Nesrin Sipahi started working as a stage designer in Ankara. After his concerts in Turkey, he performed in many foreign countries.
Since 1971, on a tour of the Soviet Union, he sang in Turkish, Azerbaijani, Russian and Armenian languages.
Nesrine Sipahi performed in USA, Germany, France, Canada, Australia, Morocco, Tunisia, Syria, Egypt, Spain and Cyprus. He released about four hundred singles. In 1974, he released the fight song "Yasha Fenerbahçe" ("Live Live Fenerbahçe") for Fenerbahce FC, a cover of "Y Viva España".
As an actress, Nesrin Sipahi appeared in the 1965 film "The Cheat in My Heart".
## Awards
Nesrin has several gold records.
In 1998, he received the title of State Artist of Turkey.
In 2017, he received a special award at a ceremony in the Presidential Complex and received it from Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.
## Discography
From 1970 he released LPs and CDs:
* 1970 — La Chanson D'Amour En Turquie
* 1970 — " Suat Sain"
* 1970 — Ve Ikinci Dünyası
* 1970 — Add "Yusuf Nalkesen's Works"
* 1970 — Add "Nesrin Sipahi"
* 1970 — Avni Anil's Works \< > * 1971 — Bir Bahar Akşamı
* 1972 — Selections from Türk Sanat Müziğin
* 1973 — Ve Türk Sanat Müziğinin 12 Pırlantası
* 1973 — "Selected Works of Osman Nihat Akin"
* 1983 — Aşk Mevsime Bakmaz
* 1991 — "Nesrin Sipahi and Ensemble Kudsi Erguner-Sharki (Love Songs Of Istanbul)"
* 2009 — "Turküler from Nesrin Sipahi"
## Links
* Syit Osman // dailymotion.com
* Nesrin Sipahi - on Biyografya.com
* Crimean Tatar singer Nesrin Sipahi turned 80 // March 2007
* (14) Singer Nesrin Sipahi - Crimean Tatar lark - YouTube
* (14) Nesrin Sipahi - title - YouTube
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742826 | Meerim Rahmadilovna Jumanazarova | Meerim Rahmadilovna Zhumanazarova (November 9, 1999, Talas region) is a Kyrgyz freestyle wrestler, silver medalist of the 2024 Summer Olympics, bronze medalist of the 2020 Summer Olympics. 2021 World and Asian Champion. Bronze medalist of the 2018 Summer Asian Games.
## Sources
## Links
* https://www.iat.uni-leipzig.de/datenbanken/dbwrestling/daten .php?spid=F70AA16B94CE486D9268AAFD8F67260A |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742903 | Aibek Rakhatuly Oralbay | Aibek Rakhatuly Oralbai (June 11, 2000, Almaty) is a Kazakhstani amateur boxer, the winner of the 2022 Asian Championship held in Amman. Currently, he is the captain of the national boxing team of Kazakhstan.
## Career
Silver medal at the 2018 World Youth Championship in Budapest.
In 2018, a gold medal was awarded at the Youth Olympic Games held in Buenos Aires, the capital of Argentina.
participated in the Asian Championship held in Amman in 2022 and became the Asian champion.
Aibek Oralbay took part in the 2024 Summer Olympic Games and performed until the quarter-finals.
## Personal life
Aibek Oralbai's twin brother, Nurbek Oralbai, is also engaged in amateur boxing.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742898 | State list of historical and cultural monuments of local importance of Turkestan region | The state list of historical and cultural monuments of local significance of the Turkestan region was approved by the resolution No. 58 of April 12, 2023 of the administration of the Turkestan region.
## Baydibek district
## Ordabasy district
## Otyrar district
## Sayram district
## Saryagash district
## Sauran district
## Sozak district
## Tole bi district
## Tulkibas district
## Shardara district
## Arys city
## City of Turkestan
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742797 | Demet Evgar | Demet Evgar (born 18 May 1980, Manisa) is a Turkish theater, television and film actress and United Nations Women Goodwill Ambassador for Turkey.
## Early years
Demet was born on May 18, 1980 in the city of Manisa in a family of Albanian origin. At the age of 17, he started acting at Afsem Theater in Manisa. He made his stage debut in Ray Cooney's play Run, Father, Run. He graduated from the Theater Faculty of the State Conservatory of Istanbul University. While studying at the conservatory, he and his friends created a group called "Teatr Suyegi". He worked as an actor and playwright in this troupe. He participated in the plays "Circle of Love", "Takkan and Takkangan", "Aishegul in India" at Kenter Theater. In 2009, she played the role of Alice in the play "Chimri" at the Kent Actors Theater under the direction of Mehmet Birkie. With this role, he participated in the 8th congress held in 2010. At the theater award ceremony, she was awarded "Actress of the Year".
## Career
Demet starred in the TV series "Asly and Kerem", "My All Children" and "Emret Commandant", as well as in the films "Baño" and "Beyza's Women". . In 2007, he played in a rock musical performed at Cemil Topuzlu Open Air Theater. In 2009, he played the role of Khavar in Mahsun Kyrmyzygül's film "I Saw the Day". In 2010, Chiler starred in the film "Yahşi Batı" with Cem Yilmaz and Ozan Güven. After that, he starred in the movie "Vai Dostym" with Mete Horozoglu, Ali Atay and Fyrat Tanish. He played the role of "Zeynep Yildirim" in the TV series 1 Erkek, 1 Kadın, which was first shown on Turkmax channel and then transferred to Star TV. Özgyu Namal was a member of the jury in the program "Talent you are Turkey" in Namal's place for a short time. In 2012, they appeared on the cover of GQ magazine together with model Didem Soydan. In order to commemorate and celebrate the 100-year history of Turkish cinema in 2015, the best films in the history of Turkish cinema were presented by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism and the Prime Minister's Promotion Fund within the framework of the "Top Ten in the 100th Anniversary of Turkish Cinema" project, which was organized with the support of Beyoğlu Municipality and TÜRSAK Foundation. In 2017, "Between the Family" starring Engin Gunaydın was watched by 5.3 million viewers, making it one of the 10 most watched films in Turkey since 1989, when ticket sales records began to be kept. Demet Evgar, who gained attention again with the TV series Avlu in 2018, starred with names such as Ceren Moray, Kenan Ece, Shebnem Donmez, Teoman Kumbaracıbaşı. In 2020-2021, he played the character of "Jemre" in the TV series "Zhalin Mlan", which was shown on Show TV.
## Personal life
On March 17, 2022, Demet Evgar started a family with Levent Babatash, who had been together for 6 years. From this marriage, she gave birth to a baby boy named Mavi on August 18, 2022.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742907 | Letsile Tebogo | Letsile Tebogo (English: Letsile Tebogo; June 7, 2003, Kanye, Botswana) is a Botswana track and field athlete, a short distance runner. Champion of the 2024 Summer Olympic Games. The first Olympic champion from Botswana.
won silver and bronze medals at the 2023 World Championships in Bujapes.
## Sources
## Links
* Profile |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742870 | Rosa Maria Rösler | Rosa Maria Rösler (December 14, 1901, Vienna - 1954, Istanbul) was an Austrian pathologist.
## Early Life
Rosa Maria was born to Joseph and Maria Wimmer. Rösler graduated from high school in 1920 in Gmunden. He completed his education first at the University of Graz and then at the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Vienna. He continued his medical education at Innsbruck University by specialty. On July 20, 1927, the entire educational process was completed at the University of Vienna. In 1935, as a result of the experience of the Nazi regime, Rössler was forced to leave Austria.
## Years in Turkey
Rösler first came to Turkey in 1934, but only in 1937 was he able to get a permanent residence. He started working at the medical faculty of Istanbul University. He was engaged in research in the field of pathological anatomy. Ressler began to work here with Philipp Schwartz, who had to resign from the University of Frankfurt in 1933 and was involved in negotiations with the Turkish government as part of university reforms. Schwartz played a leading role in bringing many exiled scientists and technocrats to Turkey at that time. Rösler worked for ten years at the Institute of Pathological Anatomy at the Faculty of Medicine of Istanbul University and was a very valuable and important employee for Schwartz, who was the director of the institute. Schwartz made it his goal to perform as many and as many different autopsies as possible at his institute. About 1,000 autopsies were performed annually. In the annual report of Schwartz, who was the president of the institute, to the dean of the medical faculty, the following information is given about Rössler's work at the institute in the period 1937-1938:
My foreign employees are always involved in autopsies. In particular, Dr. Rösler is fluent in Turkish and can lead autopsy courses. As my colleague, he can carry out this task in a completely responsible manner.
One of the reasons why Turkey's university reform in 1933 was necessary was the lack of modern textbooks for students. In the contracts concluded with foreign scientists, it was stated that in order to continue working at the university, they should publish a textbook in Turkish within five years. Rösler dedicated himself to this goal and turned to cooperation with his colleagues. He translated Schwartz's books one by one into Turkish, and these books were published in 1943. Rössler was so thorough in translating medical texts from German to Turkish that he also worked with doctors from other medical fields. Professor Dr. Erich Frank was one of those who sought his help. Frank was a name that caught the world's attention as the first person to develop oral diabetes medications. The book "Pathology of Carbohydrate Metabolism" was to be published in German in Switzerland in 1949. Dr. Rösler also worked on the design of this book and ensured that the book was published in Turkish that year. The academically renowned endocrinologist in Turkey, Hüsrev Hatemi, conveys the importance of this book as follows:
These researches consider the physiopathology of diabetes from a very rational point of view. More than 50 years have passed since its first publication, but it still retains its value.
In July 1947, due to the strengthening of cooperation between Frank and Rösler, their joint work, which took place several days a week with the permission of the deanery, became fully operational. Rösler was a full-time employee at the internal medicine clinic.
In 1951, Rössler published a book in Turkish by his boss Schwartz, this time a book on the main field of pathology - "General and Special Histopathology".
In Turkey, which was on the verge of war, Rösler had to work with a German passport, although he was Austrian at the time. In 1940 and 1944, Rösler applied for Turkish citizenship, but his efforts were unsuccessful. Rösler was working for very low wages at that time. In order to increase his salary, Schwartz wrote a letter to the dean's office and said about him "...
Dr. Rösler deserves a salary increase due to his qualifications, hard work, talent and respectability.
Faculty will fulfill this request. During this period, Rösler helped and sent money to her older sister Rosa Miller and younger sister Inge Fuchs in Salzburg, although she received a small salary.
## In recent years
On April 4, 1951, Rösler was granted Turkish citizenship.
There is no detailed information about Rösler's life, except for the information in the university archives. It is known that he was 33 years old and divorced when he came to Turkey. Rosa Maria spent 11 years in Turkey, including the war years. He made a great contribution to the modernization of Turkish medicine with his selfless work. However, compared to the great scientists of that era, his name is still faint. Interestingly, although he had the opportunity to continue his scientific work in Turkey, where he began as an assistant, he took up medical translations and led this field.
Rosa Maria died in 1954 at a young age due to an illness she contracted.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742930 | Molly O'Callaghan | Molly O'Callaghan (English Molly Grace O'Callaghan; April 2, 2004 Queensland) is an Australian swimmer, five-time Olympic champion (2020, 2024), eight-time world champion (2022, 2023), five-time Commonwealth Games champion (2022) .
At the 2024 Olympic Games in Paris, he won gold for the Australian team in the 4x100m and 4x200m freestyle relays, as well as the 200m freestyle. Unexpectedly, only 4th place remained in the freestyle at a distance of 100 meters.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742928 | Joan Garcia | Joan García Pons (born 4, 2001) is a Spanish footballer who strikes for Espanyol. Champion of the 2024 Olympic Games.
## Derekkozder |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742890 | Jacob Satar | Yakup Satar (March 11, 1898, Crimea, Russian Empire - April 2, 2008, Eskişehir, Turkey) was the last Turkish veteran of the First World War.
## Biography
Yakup Satar was born on March 11, 1898 in Crimea. In 1915, he joined the Ottoman army. During his first military training course, he was taught chemical attack techniques by German instructors. On February 23, 1917, after the end of the offensive, Kuta was occupied by British troops. He was in captivity until the end of the war. In 1919-1923, he took part in the Turkish War of Independence.
Shortly before his death, he was treated in a military hospital in Eskişehir. He died on April 2, 2008 at the age of 110.
## Memory
In 2007, a documentary film "The Last Meeting" (lit. Son Buluşma) was shot based on the memories of Yakup Satar, Omer Kuyuk and Veysel Turan.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742931 | Kayleigh McKeown | Kaylee Rochelle McKeown (English Kaylee Rochelle McKeown; July 12, 2001, Redcliffe, Queensland) is an Australian swimmer, four-time Olympic champion in 2020 and 2024, 4-time world champion. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742934 | Meg Harris | Meg Harris (English Meg Harris^ March 7, 2002, New South Wales) is an Australian swimmer, world record holder in the 4x100 meter freestyle relay. She competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics, where she won a gold medal in the 4×100-meter freestyle and a bronze medal in the 4×200-meter freestyle relay, and also won a gold medal at the 2024 Summer Olympics. In the 4×100 meter freestyle relay.
Harris also won an individual silver medal in the 50m freestyle at the 2024 Summer Olympics. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742929 | Dedication Tenas | Arnau Tenas Ureña (born Arnau Tenas Ureña; May 30, 2001, Vic, Spain) is a Spanish football player, goalkeeper of the Paris Saint-Germain club. Champion of the 2024 Summer Olympic Games.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742933 | Emma McKeon | Emma Jennifer McKeon (English Emma Jennifer McKeon; May 24, 1994, Wollongong, South New Wales) is an Australian swimmer, six-time Olympic champion (2016, 2020, 2024), five-time world champion. He won a total of 20 medals at the Olympic Games. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742963 | Martin Fuchs | Martin Fuksa (Czech. Martin Fuksa; April 30, 1993, Nymburk, Czech Republic) is a Czech rower, the 2024 Summer Olympic champion in rowing. He became the world champion in 2015 and 2017. 10-time European champion.
participated in the Summer Olympics in 2016. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742932 | Ariarne Titmus | Ariarne Elizabeth Titmus (eng. Ariarne Elizabeth Titmus; September 7, 2000, Tasmania) is an Australian swimmer, 4-time Olympic champion (2020, 2024), 6-time world champion. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742957 | Munarbek Seyitbek Uly | Munarbek Seyitbek Uly (January 1, 1996, Osh, Kyrgyzstan) is a Kyrgyz boxer, silver medalist of the 2024 Summer Olympics. The first Kyrgyz boxer to reach the Olympic final.
## Biography
Born in Osh. He started boxing at the age of eight. Graduated from the Faculty of Physical Education of Osh State University.
Winner of the 2012 Kyrgyz Youth Championship in the 54 kg category
Member of the Kyrgyz national team since 2017.
Won a bronze medal at the 2023 World Championship. At the end of the year, he was named the best athlete of Kyrgyzstan.
## Sources
## Links
* https://olympics.com/ru/athletes/munarbek-seiitbek-uulu \< > * https://boxrec.com/ru/boxer/893243 |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742901 | Ahmet Ihsan Crimean | Ahmet İhsan Kırımlı (trans. Ahmed İhsan Kırımlı; 23 April 1920 – 11 December 2011) was a Turkish doctor, politician, poet and philanthropist of Crimean Tatar descent, a member of the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkey, a four-time member of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey and 1987 - In 2011, he was the president of the Crimean Tatar community in Turkey. There is a literary contest named after Ahmet Ihsan Kyrymly.
Author of scientific works on medical tourism, thermal tourism, children's health and family planning. He also wrote a book of poems and memories.
## Biography
Ahmet Ihsan Kyrymly was born in a family of Crimean Tatars who emigrated to Turkey. His great-grandfather was the mufti of the congregation in Bakshasarai.
In 1947, he graduated from the medical faculty of Istanbul University. Trained in London. He worked as a doctor in some US hospitals. She married Dr. Zuhal Çiçek Krymly and the couple had two children.
## Political activity
Ahmet Ihsan Kyrymly was the deputy chairman of the Justice Party for six years, and was also a member of the party's board from 1962 to 1976. From 1961 to 1977, he was a deputy of the Great National Majlis. He served as the Minister of Tourism of Turkey. On September 12, 1980, after the coup led by Kenan Evren, he became one of the founders of the Nationalist-Democratic Party. Member of the National Security and Foreign Affairs Commission, chairman of the National Health Commission and deputy chairman of the Turkish Red Crescent.
## Charitable service
Learned about the exile of the Crimean Tatars and gave several lectures in England and the USA. He also moderated many debates at World Anti-Communist League conferences in the 1960s and 1970s. After ending his political career in 1987, he dedicated his life to charity. In 1987-2011, he was the president of the Crimean Tatar community in Turkey, as well as the president of the Federation of Bulgarian, Azerbaijani and Crimean Turks. Ahmet Ihsan Kyrymly has a literary competition.
## Awards
* Order "Sign of Honor" 3rd degree ( March 2, 2004, Ukraine ) — significant personal contribution to the development of humanitarian cooperation between Ukraine and the Republic of Turkey, Crimea in Ukraine for providing practical assistance in settling Tatars.
* Honored professor of the Crimean Engineering and Pedagogical University, 2000.
## Link
* Who is Dr. Ahmet Ihsan Krymly?
## Source |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742834 | Jahide Sonku | Jahide Sonku (December 27, 1919, Yemen - March 18, 1981, Istanbul) was a Turkish film and theater actress. The first female film director and actress of Turkish cinema.
## Childhood
Jahide was born in Sana'a, which was the territory of the Ottoman Empire at that time. His father, Captain Nejati Bey, was an officer of the Ottoman Empire, and his grandfather, Çorapzi Ibrahim Pasha, was the commander of the 7th Army of the Ottoman Army. In those years, his father was under his grandfather. After World War I started and Yemen seceded from the Ottoman Empire, the family moved from Sana'a to Istanbul. Nejati Bey's father left the family after some time and they divorced. The family settled in the house of his grandfather in Fatih. Jahide had a difficult childhood, their house burned down in a fire after the death of his grandfather Ibrahim Pasha. Nejati Bey, aware of the situation, wants to take Jahide and her sister with her. Her elder sister agrees, but Jahide prefers to stay with her mother. Jahide graduated from primary and secondary school in Fatih and Republic Girls High School in Sultan Selim.
## Career
Jahi was introduced to art while studying in high school. He enrolled in Darulbedayi when he was only 16 years old and in time became one of the favorite actors of Istanbul city theaters. He began his acting career by playing at the Halkevleri Theater, then at the Istanbul City Conservatory, and then at Darulbedayi (1932 - City Theaters) with the opening of Muhsin Ertuğrul's "Zeynebis of Seven Villages". Muhsin Ertugrul is one of the most important figures of his time. He entered the cinema in 1933 with the film "Soz bir Alla bir". Later, in 1950, he founded Sonku Film under his own name. He tried his hand at directing for the first time with Fedâkar Ana. She married and divorced actor Talat Arkaynak. Later, in 1943, she married businessman Ihsan Doruk, who became the "Tobacco King", and after some time, she divorced him. Jahide, who later remarried Ihsan Doruk, has a daughter named Ender from this marriage. Then they broke up again. The actress, who became famous for the movie "Aisel, the daughter of Batakly dam", appears in her films as a beautiful woman who broke men's hearts and ran away. Otan and Namik Kemal were selected as "Best Film" and one of the leading roles, Jahide Sonku, was selected as "Best Female Role" in the competition opened by Yildiz magazine in 1951.
During those years of his career, he met a young non-Muslim businessman named Parseh Gevrekyan, and the two began to fall in love. Gevrekyan was one of the admirers of Jahide Sonku, who is distinguished by cinema. However, since it is not acceptable for a Muslim woman to be with a non-Muslim, they keep their love secret. After this decision of the couple, who decided to live together despite the growing rumors, it was decided to remove Jahide from the city theaters. However, after Muhsin Ertuğrul opposed it, he continued his career in Jahi. However, the Beyoğlu police department kept harassing Jahide by calling him to testify intermittently. After the Second World War, the "Wealth Tax" law was passed in Turkey. The government has decided to collect 87 percent of the tax from non-Muslims. Parseh Gevrekyan's real estate was confiscated and he was sent to a labor camp in Ashkale. Jahide is forced to leave Gevrekyan as a result of pressure from people in his environment and judicial institutions.
## In recent years, the building of the Sonku Film Company, founded by
in Jahi in 1963, burned down and went bankrupt. Thanks to Muhsin Ertuğrul, he worked in the city theater until the end of his life, but then he left there and struggled with alcohol addiction in the last years of his life.
Jahidee Sonku received the Motion Picture Writers Association Service Award in 1979. On March 18, 1981, he fell ill in the "Alkazar" cinema and died at the age of 61. After the ceremony held on the stage of Muhsin Ertuğrul City Theater, his funeral was held at Zinjirlikyu Cemetery.
There is an annual Golden Orange Jahide Sonku award in his honor.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742966 | Victor Axelsen | Viktor Axelsen (Danish Viktor Axelsen; January 4, 1994, Odense) is a Danish badminton player, 2020, 2024 Olympic champion. Two-time world champion (2017, 2022).
2016 Summer Olympic Games bronze medalist. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742964 | Yevgeny Stepanovich Zolotoi | Yevgeny Stepanovich Zolotoy (September 9, 1999, Mogilev region) is a Belarusian rower, silver medalist of the 2024 Summer Olympic Games in academic rowing.
## Sources
## Links
* https://olympics.com/ru/paris-2024/athlete/yauheni-zalaty_1538160 |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742967 | Georgia Taylor-Brown | Georgia Taylor-Brown (English: Georgia Taylor-Brown; March 15, 1994, Manchester) is a British triathlete, World Champion, bronze medalist of the 2018 and 2019 triathlon world series. Georgia Taylor-Brown lives in Leeds and trains at Leeds Triathlon Centre. He was born in Manchester. Champion and silver medalist of the Olympic Games in Tokyo. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742892 | Ali Ghaffar Okkan | Ali Gaffar Okkan (24 February 1952; Hendek, Sakarya – 24 January 2001; Diyarbakır) was a former Diyarbakır police chief who was killed in an assassination attempt, the perpetrator of which is still unknown. People of Diyarbakir know and remember him as "Gaffar baba".
Born in the Hendek district of Sakarya, Gaffar Okkan graduated from the Police Academy in 1973 and served as deputy commissioner and commissioner in Izmir for a while, and then served in the Şanlıurfa and Eskişehir provincial police departments respectively. In 1993, Okkan was appointed as the police chief of Kars and continued to serve there for about four years. In 1997, he was appointed as the police chief of Diyarbakir city, where various militant organizations have been operating for a long time. During his tenure in Diyarbakir, Okkan introduced a radical innovation to the social structure as well as the security of the city, and later became a person loved and respected by the people of Diyarbakir. On January 24, 2001, Okkan, who fought intensively with terrorist organizations to ensure the safety of the people of Diyarbakır, was killed along with five policemen as a result of an unknown armed attack on his official car. After his death, his name lived on in many regions, many newborn babies and places in Diyarbakır were named after him, and TV series and movies were made about him or about him.
## Early years and education
Ali Ghaffar Okkan was born on February 24, 1952 in Handek district of Sakarya. He graduated from the Police School on September 30, 1970, and the Police Academy on September 29, 1973, and was appointed deputy commissioner of the Izmir Provincial Police Department.
## Career
Having served in various departments in Izmir up to the rank of commissioner, Gaffar Okkan was assigned to the Şanlıurfa Provincial Police Department in 1983 and was promoted to head of the department in 1985. In 1986, he worked as an employee in the police department of Eskişehir province. In 1992, he became the deputy police chief of Eskişehir. On December 6, 1993, he was assigned to the 1st Division, the second highest position in the police hierarchy in Turkey. He was promoted to the 1st grade police chief and appointed as the police chief of Kars province. Okkan's next post as police chief was in Diyarbakir, in the southeast, which has a long history of terrorism by organizations such as the PKK and Kurdish Hezbollah, emergency situations and significant migration. On November 18, 1997, Gaffar Okkan became the police chief of Diyarbakir Province. In the meantime, he completed and graduated from Istanbul University, Faculty of Political Sciences, Department of Public Administration.
## Activities in Diyarbakır
While Gaffar Okkan was the head of the Kars police, he was appointed as the police chief of the people of Diyarbakır, who were negatively affected by the PKK and Hezbollah organizations. Shortly after arriving in conflict-ridden Diyarbakır, Okkan made an announcement on police radio 3310:
This announcement shows that he is not like other police chiefs. One of his first official tasks after taking office was to open the street in front of the police headquarters, which was closed to civilians for security reasons, to civilians. Soon after, he removed security barriers within the city and installed cameras in key areas of the city to prevent crime. Gaffar Okkan watched the streets of Diyarbakır from a giant monitor in his office until the evening.
Pre-Okkan police officers preferred to stay in their "desk jobs" because it was considered too dangerous to venture out onto the riotous streets of Diyarbakır. Okkan ordered all police officers, men and women, to go out into the streets and treat the people of the city with kindness and compassion.
## Assassination
In the evening of January 24, 2001, Ghaffar Okkan leaves his office at the General Staff to attend a memorial service for Ugur Mumju and to meet with Governor Ahmet Cemil Serhadly. After knowing Okkan's departure time, the assailants would wait on the boulevard where he would pass, wearing reflective vests with the words "Police" in their hands, long-barreled weapons in hand. The attackers then cut off the electricity in the area and drive people away. Okkan was driving his official car from his office to the mayor's office around 5:40 p.m. when he noticed a power outage on Sezai Karakoc Boulevard between the meat and fish facility and Eflatun Park. Later, Okkan and the police officers next to him are attacked by unknown persons. The assailants fire at Okkan's official vehicle with long-barreled weapons. Three police officers along with the victim died on the spot due to the shooting, the other two police officers died in the hospital. Four police officers were also injured. After the attack, the gunmen opened the door of Okkan's car, examined him at close range and threw hand grenades into his car to make sure he was dead. Okkan's limbs were severed when the bombs exploded. There was no mobile phone connection among the assailants who quickly fled.
According to the autopsy report, a total of 17 bullets were fired from Ghaffar Okkan's head and body after the attack. The names of the policemen killed in the attack were Sabri Gün, Mehmet Sepetçi, Atilla Durmüş, Selahattin Baisoy and Mehmet Kamali, and the injured policemen were named Nuri Bozkurt, Mustafa Dinje, Veli Göktepe and Fatih Gökcek. It was also reported that one of the attackers was wounded during the clash. 469 empty Kalashnikov cartridges fired from 16 different weapons were found at the scene. The police searched the area in order to find the criminals and arrested several suspects. Although the murder is still unsolved, it is believed to have been carried out by Hezbollah.
## Personal life
Ghaffar Okkan married teacher Fehime Zerrin Shen in 1974. From this marriage, there were two children named Sezin and Jan. Okkan's mother and father were alive when he was killed. His mother, Imran Okkan, died on September 28, 2002, and his father, Fikri Okkan, died on October 28, 2005.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742899 | Sheriff Mardin | Şerif Mardin (1927, Istanbul - September 6, 2017) is a Turkish sociologist.
## Biography
Sherif Mardin was born in 1927 in Istanbul. His father is Shemsettin Mardin, a Turkish diplomat.
In 1944, Mardin graduated from the American school. In 1948, he received a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science from Stanford University. In 1950, Sheriff Mardin received a Master of Arts in International Relations from Johns Hopkins University. In 1958, he received a PhD in political science from Stanford University. In 1962, Mardin's dissertation was published by Princeton University Press.
Mardin's scientific career began in 1954 when he worked at Ankara University's Faculty of Political Science and worked until 1956. Then, from 1958 to 1961, Mardin worked at the Department of Oriental Studies at Princeton University. For one year (1960 - 1961) Mardin worked at the University of the Near East - Harvard University. In 1961, Sherif Mardin returned to Turkey and began working at the Faculty of Political Science at Ankara University. He became an associate professor in 1964, and a full professor in 1969. Mardin worked at Ankara University until 1973. From 1973 to 1991, he taught at the political science department of Bosphorus University. Since 1999, he has been teaching at the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences of Sabanzhy University.
In addition, Mardin has been invited to lecture at a number of institutions, including the University of California at Los Angeles, the University of California at Berkeley, Columbia University, and Syracuse University.
A number of books were published.
* Religion and Social Change in Modern Turkey: The Case of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi, Albania, NEW YORK: State University of New York Press, 1989.
* The Genesis of Young Ottoman Thought: A Study in the Modernization of Turkish Political Ideas, Syracuse, NEW YORK: Syracuse University Press, July 2000.
* Laicism in Turkey, Istanbul: Konrad Adenauer Foundation Press, March 2003.
* Center and periphery in the Ottoman Empire, New York: Syracuse University Press, 2005.
* The nature of nation in the late Ottoman Empire, Leiden: ISIM 2005.
* Religion, society, and modernity in Turkey, Syracuse, NEW YORK: Syracuse University Press, July 2006.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742968 | Keegan Palmer | Keegan Palmer (English: Keegan Palmer; March 13, 2003, San Diego, California) is an Australian skateboarder, two-time Olympic champion (2020, 2024). Palmer was born in the US but has lived in Australia since the age of 13. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742980 | True Arisa | Arisa Trew (born May 12, 2010, Queensland, Australia) is an Australian skateboarder, Olympic champion in 2024. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742871 | Sabri Ulker | Sabri Ülker (Krymtat. Sabri Ülker; 1920 - June 12, 2012) is a Turkish confectioner who founded the world-famous company Ülker, which produces sweets and drinks.
## Biography
Sabri Ulker was born in a family of Crimean Tatars in the village of Korbek near Alushta Crimea. In 1929, his family moved permanently to Turkey.
In 1944, Sabri Ulker together with his brother Asim bought a small bakery with an area of 100 m2 and started baking kushte. In 1974, Ulker ashtrays entered the world market. It was here that the rise of Sabri Ulker, a successful businessman and philanthropist, a devout Muslim and the honorable president of the YILDIZ holding, began.
Since 2000, the business of the holding has been managed by his son Murat. Sabri Ulker, who was one of the richest people in Turkey, was engaged only in charity and social projects in the last years of his life. He invested in opening new libraries, buying computers for schools and helping Turkish students. Sabri Ulker died on June 12, 2012 at the age of 92. Sabri Ulker was buried in Istanbul, his funeral was attended by President of Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Governor of Istanbul Husein Avni Mutlu, Mayor of Istanbul Kadir Topbaş, several ministers of the Turkish government, as well as a number of other prominent Turkish politicians. The Chairman of the Crimean Tatar People's Majilis, Mustafa Dzhemilev, commented on the death of the famous confectionary tycoon:
All rights related to Sabri Ulker's company were inherited by his son Murat Ulker. Sabri Ulker was called the "chocolate king" during his lifetime.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742981 | Yuto Horigome | Yuto Horigome (Japanese: 堀米 雄斗 Horigome Yu:to, January 7, 1999) is a Japanese skateboarder, two-time Olympic champion (2020, 2024).
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742853 | Sidorov, Alexey Leonidovich | Alexey Leonidovich Sidorov (22.08.1968, Severodvinsk) is a Russian film director, screenwriter and producer.
## Biography
Alexey Sidorov was born on August 22, 1968 in Severodvinsk. He graduated from the Petrozavodsk University Faculty of Philology with a degree in "Russian language and literature", then studied at the senior courses of screenwriters and directors, graduating in 1999.
In 2000, he worked as an editing director (also wrote the screenplay) for the film "Romance of Knights".
The first major independent work in the cinema as a director is the multi-part television film "Brigada". In 2003, this TV series won the "TEFI" award in the nomination "Television art series" and the "Golden Eagle" award in the nomination "Best TV series (more than 10 episodes)".
In 2020, Alexei Sidorov's film "T-34" was awarded two "Golden Eagle" awards: best screenplay and best director. The film was the highest grossing film of the year.
In 2021, he made the film "World Champion" about the chess match for the title of world champion between Soviet grandmaster and then world champion Anatoly Karpov and candidate grandmaster Viktor Korchnoi. The film was nominated for 12 nominations at the 21st Golden Eagle Awards and won five awards, including Best Film and Best Director.
## Filmography
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742992 | Jiri Beran | Jiří Beran (Czech Jiří Beran, January 18, 1982, Prague) is a Czech fencer, bronze medalist of the 2024 Summer Olympics.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742994 | Osmar Olvera | Osmar Olvera Ibarra (born Osmar Olvera Ibarra; June 5, 2004, Mexico City) is a Mexican diver, silver and bronze medalist of the 2024 Summer Olympics, world champion. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=743005 | Chen Yuxi | Chen Yuxi (Chinese: 陈芋汐) is a Chinese diver, 2020, 2024 Summer Olympic champion, six-time world champion, 2022 Asian Games champion. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=743020 | Florent Manodou | Florent Manaudou (fr. Florent Manaudou; November 12, 1990, Villeurbanne, France) is a French swimmer, the champion of the 2012 Summer Olympics. Four-time world champion. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=743014 | Niklas Larsen | Niklas Larsen (Danish Niklas Larsen; March 22, 1997, Slagelse, Denmark) is a Danish cyclist, 2016 European champion. Bronze medalist of the 2016, 2024 Summer Olympics, silver medalist of the 2020 Summer Olympics. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=743026 | Birgit Fischer | Birgit Fischer (German: Birgit Fischer; February 25, 1962, Potsdam) is a GDR and German kayak rower. Eight-time Olympic champion (1980, 1988 (twice), 1992, 1996, 2000 (twice), 2004), 26-time world champion.
After the Seoul-1988 and Sydney-2000 Olympics, he said goodbye to sports twice, but returned.
His brother Frank Fischer is also a rower.
In 2004, he was named the sportsman of the year in Germany |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=743024 | Rebecca Andrade | Rebeca Rodrigues de Andrade (born 8 May 1999 in São Paulo, Brazil) is a Brazilian gymnast, two-time Olympic champion (2020). |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742802 | Semicha Berksoy | Semiha Berksoy (lit. Semiha Berksoy; May 24, 1910 - August 15, 2004) was a Turkish opera singer, theater and film actress, painter and State Artist of Turkey (1998). He is considered the first opera singer of Turkey.
## Biography
Semiha was born in Çengelkoy district of Istanbul. His mother was an artist, his father was a poet and an accountant. Semiha Berksoy studied music and visual arts at the Istanbul Conservatory.
Semiha Berksoy's career began in 1931 with the role of Semiha in the first Turkish sound film "Streets of Istanbul" directed by Muhsin Ertuğrul. Then he played in operettas in Istanbul theaters. In 1934, he staged the first Turkish opera "Ozsoy". In the same year, he made his international debut, performing in Germany and Portugal. In 1939, Semiha Berksoi performed Ariadne's aria from the opera Ariadne na Naxos.
In 1972, she ended her career as an opera singer, but continued to act in the theater. She was awarded the "Atatürk Opera Award" on the 50th anniversary of the introduction of the right to vote and the right to be an elected woman. In 1998, he received the title of "state artist" in Turkey.
His pictures, which often depict a little girl, are known.
At the age of 90, he made his dramatic debut at New York's Lincoln Center (1999), playing the part of Liebestod in Robert Wilson's Days Before: Death, Destruction and Detroit III.
He died on August 15, 2004 in Istanbul from complications after heart surgery. Semikha is survived by her daughter Zelikha Berksoi.
On May 24, 2019, the one hundred and ninth birthday of Semiha Berksoy, Google released a doodle dedicated to him.
## Filmography
* In the streets of Istanbul (1931);
* Word is One, God is One, (1933);
* The Big Secret, (1956);
* The Tale of the Snake, (1993);
* Bio Boulevard, (2002).
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=743025 | Shakarim University of Semipalatinsk | Shakarim University of Semey is a higher educational institution located in Semey. It was established in 1995 by the merger of pedagogical, zootechnical and animal husbandry, technological institutes. The name of the Kazakh thinker-poet Shakarim Kudaiberdiuly is given.
## History of the University
Shakarim University was established in 1995 as a result of merging pedagogical, zootechnical-veterinary and technological universities. Today, the university celebrates the long and rich history of the above.
Semey Pedagogical Institute is considered one of the oldest educational institutions of the country. The foundation was laid in 1934. The Semey Zootechnical Institute was opened in 1952, and the history of the Semey Technological Institute dates back to 1963.
Semey State University named after Shakarim was established on the basis of the merger of three higher educational institutions (pedagogical, zootechnical-veterinary and technological) by order No. 304 of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated November 13, 1995 and the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated February 1, 1995.
By the decree of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 1436 dated August 22, 1999, the State University named after Shakarim of Semey city changed its name to Semey State University named after Shakarim.
On the basis of the Order No. 129 of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated February 14, 2000 and the Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated February 15, 2000, the former State Financial Institute was included in the composition of the Higher Education Institution.
In February 2004, Semipalatinsk State Pedagogical Institute was separated as a private university. However, in 2013, Semey State University named after Shakarim and Semey State Pedagogical Institute were merged to form Shakarim State University of Semey.
Shakarim University prepares multi-level specialists in social and humanities, natural sciences, technical, agricultural sciences, business and law, who are in great demand. It prepares doctoral students in more than forty bachelor's, several higher special education, about thirty master's specialties, five specialties in the fields of specializations.
The university is in close contact with higher education institutions of Russia, Germany, Republic of Belarus, USA, Japan, Great Britain, China, Hungary, Turkey, Poland, Slovenia, Baltic coast, Ukraine, Kyrgyzstan. Within the framework of academic mobility programs, University teachers and students are studying in the USA, Hungary, Poland, Turkey, the Czech Republic, and South Korea.
Active students of the university can realize their creative abilities in "Congress", "Parasat", debate clubs, "Enactus", Kazakhstan student alliance, fashion studio and other youth organizations.
## Faculties
* Faculty of Philology
* Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Agricultural Management
* Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics
* Faculty of Engineering and Technology
* Humanities - Faculty of Economics
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=743021 | Nikola Jovic | Nikola Jovic (Serb. Никола Йовић; June 9, 2003, Leicester, England) is a Serbian basketball player, bronze medalist of the 2024 Summer Olympics. Silver medalist of the 2023 World Championship.
## Links
* https://www.adidasngt.com/u18/news/latest/i/bf7parulhswpmf6l/belgrade-angt-mvp-jovic-values-being -a-leader
* https://www.eurobasket.com/player.asp?PlayerID=470504 |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=743034 | Chan Yani | Chang Yani (昌雅妮, Chāng Yǎnī; 7 December 2001) is a Chinese diver, gold and bronze medalist at the 2024 Summer Olympics. five-time world champion, two-time Asian Games champion. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742872 | Murat Ulker | Murat Ülker (trans. Murat Ülker; March 21, 1959) is a Turkish businessman of Crimean Tatar origin, confectioner, chairman of the board of Yıldız Holding, the largest food company in Central and Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Africa. Yıldız includes companies such as Godiva Chocolatier, Pladis and Sok. In 2018, Ulker became the richest businessman in Turkey with a personal fortune of $4.8 billion.
## Biography
### Early years and education
Murat Ulker was born on March 21, 1959 in Istanbul, Turkey, to the "chocolate king" Sabri Ulker and His wife was born in the family of Güzide Iman. He studied at Erkeli High School in Istanbul and graduated from Bosphorus University with a degree in business administration. In 1982, he studied abroad at the American Institute of Baking (AIB) and the Central Technical School of the German Confectionery Industry (Zentralfachschule der Deutschen Süßwarenwirtschaft, ZDS). Then he completed an internship at the Continental Baking company in the USA. Ulker also participated in various projects of the International Executive Service Corps.
### Career at Yıldız Holding
In 1984, Ülker joined Ülker, a part of Yıldız Holding, as a control coordinator. In the following years, he worked as an assistant to the general director for enterprises, and then as a general director. In 2000, Ulker became the executive director of Yıldız Holding, and in 2008 he served as the CEO. Under his chairmanship, Yıldız expanded its business and made several acquisitions, including GODIVA Chocolatier in 2008 and United Biscuits in 2014. In 2016, Yıldız created a new global organization called pladis, which combines its three brands: Ülker, United Biscuits and DeMet's Candy Company.
### Philanthropy
In 2009, the Ulker family founded the Sabri Ulker Foundation, which aims to strengthen public health in the field of food consumption.
In 2014, the Ulker family received 24 mln. dollars spent for the benefit of Harvard University. Funding spread over 10 years T.H. Awarded to establish the Sabri Ulker Center for Nutrient, Genetic and Metabolic Research at the Chan School of Public Health. The center focuses on chronic and complex diseases to help people with diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
In 1993, Ulker participated in the creation of the "Ulker" basketball club. The club has won the President's Cup six times and the Turkish Cup three times. Ulker also reached the quarter-finals of the Euroleague Cup and Korac Cup. Ulker Fenerbahce has bought the naming rights to the Sukru Saracoglu Stadium for ten years. Ulker also sponsored the sports arena. The businessman previously supported other football clubs, but later stopped sponsoring.
In 2014, the Korbek Jami Cathedral Mosque in the village where his father and grandfather, the last imam of this mosque, Devlet Haji Islam, came from, was restored with Ulker's funds.
Murat Ulker is an art collector. In 2012, with his support, an exhibition of works of contemporary Turkish artists was held in Istanbul.
### Personal life
Murat Ulker is married, has three children, and currently lives in Istanbul.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=743073 | State list of historical and cultural monuments of local significance of Ulytau region | The state list of historical and cultural monuments of local significance of Ulytau region was approved by resolution No. 73/01 dated November 17, 2020 of the administration of Karaganda region.
## Zhanaarka district
## Ulytau district
## Zhezkagan city
## Satbaev city
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=743044 | Matthew Richards | Matthew Richards (English Matthew Richards; December 17, 2002, England) is a British swimmer, two-time world champion in freestyle swimming and two-time Olympic champion.
## Awards
## Links
* https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/143200 |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=743042 | Uzur Daniyarovich Dzhuzupbekov | Uzur Daniyar the elder Juzupbekov (April 12, 1996, Bishkek) is a Kyrgyz boxer, the 2019 Asian champion, the bronze medalist of the 2024 Summer Olympics.
participated in the 2020 Olympics.
## Sources
## Links
* Profile |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=743098 | Ismail Khania | Ismail Haniya is a Palestinian politician, leader of the Hamas movement. Haniya was elected as the Prime Minister of the Palestinian Authority in the Gaza Strip in 2006, but his position was not recognized by the international community.
Under the leadership of Ismail Haniya, the conflict between Hamas and Fatah intensified, leading to a political division in the Palestinian territories. In 2007, Hamas took full control of the Gaza Strip, while Fatah controlled the West Bank.
Hania called on the Palestinians to take a hard line in relations with Israel. He strongly criticized Israel's abuses and occupation of Palestinian lands.
## Biography
Ismail Haniya was born in 1963 in the Gaza Strip. He received Islamic and political education, then joined the Hamas movement and became one of the political leaders of this organization. Haniya played an important role in shaping the strategic direction of Hamas.
Haniya's political career began in 2006 after the victory of the Hamas movement in the Palestinian parliamentary elections. This victory brought Hamas to the head of the Palestinian Authority. Haniya was appointed prime minister, but his government did not receive the support of the international community because Hamas is considered a terrorist organization by many countries.
Hania lived in Doha, Qatar.
On July 31, 2024, Hania was assassinated in Tehran, where she had attended the inauguration of newly elected Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian.
He was buried on August 2, 2024, in the cemetery of Lusail, north of Doha, Qatar.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=743084 | Presidential elections in Venezuela (2024) | On July 28, 2024, the people of Venezuela went to elect their president, whose six-year term will begin on January 10, 2025. The election was fraught with political controversy, with international observers (including the United States and Argentina) calling it neither free nor fair, and the current Maduro administration accused of usurping all power before and during the election and oppressing the political opposition.
As President Nicolás Maduro seeks his third term, former diplomat Edmundo González has represented the main opposition political alliance, the Unitary Platform (also known as Plataforma Unitaria Democrática; PUD). The government has disenfranchised the Venezuelan opposition in the past and during this election, for example, in June 2023, leading oppositionist María Corina Machado was prevented from being elected by the Venezuelan government. This action was seen by the opposition as a violation of political human rights, and international bodies such as the Organization of American States, the European Union, and Human Rights Watch, and many states, opposed it.
There is evidence that González won the election by a large margin, the opposition released copies of official tallies collected by poll watchers from many polling centers showing González's landslide victory. The government-run National Electoral Council (CNE) announced falsified results on July 29, claiming that Maduro had won by a narrow margin.
Protests broke out across the country after the government announced falsified results, and the Maduro administration refused to hand over power and arrested several opposition political figures; Human rights organizations have widely condemned the criminal prosecution of protesters. Various heads of state did not recognize the election results issued by the CNE and recognized González as the winner. Russia, China and Iran are among the major states that have not taken this step.
## Prerequisites
### Authoritarian regime
The election was held in an authoritarian regime. Since the 1990s, there has been a significant democratic backsliding in the country, with a growing tendency towards authoritarianism.
Political scientist Steven Levitsky said that "the period 2004-2016" was a time when the government abused power, violated laws, and oppressed the opposition, but there was still competition for political power in the country. Since Nicolás Maduro became president in 2013, Levitsky said, the country has been "closer to full-scale dictatorship status," especially since "the largest opposition parties and major politicians were banned from running in the 2018 Venezuelan presidential election." Election observers did not consider it free or fair.
### Crisis in Venezuela
Since 2010, Venezuela has been going through a socio-economic crisis characterized by rising crime, hyperinflation and deficits. This was happening during the last years of Hugo Chávez's rule and under Nicolás Maduro. As a result of discontent with the government, the opposition was elected to hold a majority in the National Assembly for the first time since 1999 after the 2015 parliamentary elections. After the election, the lame-duck National Assembly, which had a pro-Maduro majority of mandates, filled the Venezuelan Supreme Court (Court of Justice) with Maduro allies. In early 2016, a court stripped three opposition lawmakers of their mandates in the National Assembly on the grounds of electoral malpractice, thus preventing an opposition majority that could challenge President Maduro.
The court approved several of Maduro's actions and gave him more powers in 2017. As protests against Maduro erupted, he called a constituent assembly to draft a new constitution to replace the 1999 Venezuelan Constitution created under Chávez. Many countries saw the moves as a bid by Maduro to stay in power indefinitely, and more than 40 countries announced they would not recognize the 2017 Constituent National Assembly (ANC), which was due to approve a new constitution. The opposition Democratic Unity Roundtable, which has a majority of seats, boycotted the election, calling the ANC "a ploy to keep the incumbents in power". Due to the absence of the opposition in the elections, the ruling coalition of Simón Bolívar's Grand Partisan Pole (GPPSB), especially the United Socialist Party of Venezuela, won almost a majority of the mandate. On August 8, 2017, the ANC declared itself the supreme branch of government in Venezuela, barring the opposition-led National Assembly from interfering with the ANC.
### 2018 elections and presidential crisis
In February 2018, Maduro wanted the presidential election to be held early, the December election was supposed to be held four months earlier. In May 2018, Maduro was declared the winner after many major opposition parties were banned from running; several countries did not recognize the election. Politicians at home and abroad said Maduro was not legitimately elected and called him a dictator. Several countries and bodies, including the Lima Group (including Mexico), the United States, and the Organization of American States, have called for Maduro's resignation before the January 10, 2019, inauguration ceremony. Between the May 2018 presidential election and Maduro's inauguration, there have been calls for a transitional government.
On February 10, 2019, Maduro was officially sworn in. That month, Venezuela's National Assembly, which had a majority of seats held by Democrats, began planning to form an interim government. According to the plan, the 1999 version will be used instead of the current Constitution, and the chairman of the Assembly, Juan Guaido, will be the interim president. Different parties recognized different presidents, and the so-called presidential crisis began.
In January 2020, attempts to form a transitional government led by Guaido failed, and Maduro continued to lead Venezuela's state institutions. In January 2021, the European Union stopped recognizing Guaidó as president, but still did not recognize Maduro as the legitimate president. Later, the European Parliament confirmed that it would recognize Guaidó as president, and the European Union threatened to sanction Maduro again. After regional elections were announced in 2021, Guaido announced a "national rescue deal"; It was proposed to negotiate with Maduro, hold free and fair elections with international support and observers, and thereby lift international sanctions.
In December 2022, three of the four main opposition political parties supported and approved the reform to dissolve the interim government and establish a five-member commission to manage foreign assets, prompted by the desire of MPs to create a unified strategy for the 2024 elections and, according to the opposition, was that the transitional government could not fulfill its purpose.
### Transitional government proposed in 2020
On March 31, 2020, the United States proposed the formation of a transitional government to remove Maduro and Guaido from the presidency. The deal allows for a power-sharing scenario between different factions of the government. Elections were to be held within a year, and all foreign troops, especially Cuba and Russia, were to leave the country. At the time of the announcement, the US was still demanding Maduro's arrest. Other aspects of the US proposal included the release of all political prisoners and the establishment of a five-man council to govern the country; two members from Maduro and Guaido will be included in the council, and the fourth will be chosen by both of them. The European Union has also agreed to lift its sanctions if the deal is implemented. Analysts noted that the deal was similar to previous proposals but specified who would lead the transitional government; This was the problem that slowed down the previous discussions.
### Opposition primaries
In November 2022, the Vice President of the United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV), Diosdado Cabello, proposed moving the presidential election to the first semester of that year, taking into account the opposition primaries in 2023. demanded, and if not, the opposition will fight each other. The United Platform presidential primary was held on October 22, 2023.
### Machado's ban and broken 2023 deal
In October 2023, the United Platform primaries decided that María Corina Machado would run for president on behalf of the party. A few months ago, on June 30, 2023, he was disqualified for fifteen years by the Venezuelan Comptroller General. Then the court decision was awaited.
An agreement was reached between the opposition and Maduro's government in October 2023 to hold free and fair elections and thereby ease US-imposed sanctions on oil sales.
However, the disqualification of María Corina Machado was confirmed by the Supreme Court of Venezuela in January 2024. Additionally, after the poor turnout for the 2023 Venezuelan referendum, Venezuela's Attorney General Tarek William Saab accused opposition leaders of sabotaging the referendum and issued arrest warrants for fifteen of them on charges including treason and conspiracy. It appeared to be an attempt to suppress political opposition ahead of the 2024 presidential election, despite an agreement with the US. The United States declared Maduro's government in default and reinstated oil sanctions in April 2024 after the opposition's main candidate failed to run.
Organizations such as the United Nations, the Organization of American States, the European Union and Human Rights Watch, as well as countries such as Colombia, Paraguay, Uruguay, Ecuador, the United States, Great Britain, Germany, Chile, Canada and France, rejected the political disqualification of opposition pre-candidate Maria Corina Machado.
## Process
The president of Venezuela is elected by a majority of votes in one round of voting. On March 5, 2024, the National Electoral Council of Venezuela set the presidential election for July 28, 2024, and also announced the events and dates on the election schedule:
The National Electoral Council (CNE) is responsible for elections in Venezuela.
### Independent observers
There were very few independent international observers who monitored the conduct of the elections.
Carter Center
On June 20, 2024, the Carter Center agreed to send an observer in response to concerns about the lack of sufficient independent observers that could undermine the legitimacy of the election results. According to the BBC, the Carter Center sent only one "small technical team" of 17 experts sent to 4 cities.
United Nations
On June 25, 2024, the United Nations announced that it would send four observers after the opposition refused to recognize the election results. A United Nations team will independently prepare a confidential report to the UN Secretary-General containing recommendations for future elections in Venezuela.
Invited observers
BBC News reported that Maduro "welcomed hundreds of guests from countries allied with his government," who he said would "follow" the vote and not criticize the government; The publisher Clarin also claimed that "observers were limited and could not express their opinion in Venezuela".
Guests recruited by Infobae as observers were "allies" of the Maduro administration, who did not criticize the election process and were not allowed to enter.
European Union
On May 28, 2024, the CNE withdrew its invitation to European Union observers, citing existing sanctions against CNE head and Maduro ally Elvis Amoroso.
After the European Parliament adopted a resolution condemning the political disqualification of opposition candidate María Corina Machado, pro-government National Assembly President Jorge Rodríguez Gómez announced on July 13, 2023 that the Venezuelan government would not allow the EU mission to monitor elections in Venezuela.
Argentina and Brazil
On July 17, 2024, Brazil's Supreme Electoral Court (TSE), which had previously rejected the Maduro government's invitation to send observers, announced that it would send two observers, reversing its decision.
On July 22, 2024, Brazilian President Lula da Silva said: "If Maduro wants to contribute to the return to Venezuela's growth, to the return of the people who left Venezuela and to establish conditions for economic growth, he must respect the democratic process." Lula, who has previously refused to openly criticize Maduro, said he would send former foreign minister Celso Amorim to monitor the election.
On July 24, 2024, Maduro announced that the TSE would not send observers to the election due to unsubstantiated claims that Brazil's electoral system was not auditable. However, Brazil's control continued as planned.
The election was not called for monitoring after Argentina's former president Alberto Fernandez agreed with Lula.
## Candidates
### Simón Bolívar's Great Partisan Pole
On March 16, 2024, the United Socialist Party of Venezuela (VSP) will elect incumbent President Nicolás Maduro officially announced that he will be their candidate for the presidential election. This will be Maduro's third election for a six-year term as president. Maduro officially registered his candidacy on March 25.
### Unified Platform
On May 16, 2023, the Unified Platform announced that it will hold the initial process (primary) of selecting a single candidate for the presidential election. On July 24, 2023, 14 candidates were registered and the application deadline ended. After the first election on October 22, 2023, the first ballot was counted with only 26% and the winner was María Corina Machado, who received 90% of the vote. On October 23, the second ballot of the National Primary Commission was delivered, where 92.65% were counted, Corina Machado retained more than 90% of the votes and became the candidate representing the United Platform in the 2024 presidential election.
On March 22, 2024, María Corina Machado announced that historian and professor Corina Joris had been selected as the Venezuelan opposition's presidential candidate due to Machado's disqualification.
Yoris could not be officially registered as a candidate in the presidential elections, the representatives of the United Platform said that the election commission prohibited his registration. Following protests from countries such as the US, Brazil, Colombia and Guatemala, the United Platform registered former diplomat Edmundo González as an interim candidate until someone else is chosen. On April 19, the United Platform voted together, and Edmundo González was the only candidate representing the opposition.
### Major Candidates
### Other Candidates
During the 2024 presidential election in Venezuela, the Maduro administration will field opposition candidates Maria Corina Machado and Corina Joris. After the veto, eleven candidates without significant representation were registered. Venezuela's Chavismo has allowed the registration of candidates believed to be allies, pseudo-oppositions and politicians aligned with the Bolivarian strategy for the July 2024 presidential election, while blocking genuine opposition candidates.
Among these candidates are people with ties to Chavismo and personalities as diverse as a comedian and an evangelical pastor.
## Progress and Violations
### Disqualifications of Political Parties
On March 17, the CNE announced 16 political parties with 1 of the lowest votes in the 2021 regional elections in Venezuela After failing to reach 100%, he was deprived of the right to nominate candidates in the presidential election without offering the verification or repair process required by the election law.
### Obstacles to voting from abroad
Abroad, the special day of voter registration was delayed by up to five days, as in Spain, Argentina, Peru and Chile. Citizens complained that they could not register and update their data. Gerardo Blyde, the head of the negotiating delegation of the United Platform, said that the government does not want to guarantee the participation of Venezuelans abroad.
Overseas voter registration requirements are very limited and not covered by the constitution. Requirements include holding a current passport (one of the most expensive in the world) and permanent residency; many did not have the necessary documents, did not have a place of residence, and therefore the number of registered persons was very small.
On April 16, the registration and renewal of the electoral register of Venezuela was completed. There are approximately 7.7 million Venezuelans abroad, 80% of whom have the right to vote, the CNE has allowed only a few to register between consulates; many Venezuelans were unable to register and lost their voice, often due to the lack of an authorized consulate or because they were too far away. Delays were experienced at many consulates and there was little interest on the part of the CNE to resolve the issue; Most of the voters abroad have oppositional tendencies.
According to a preliminary report from the CNE on May 2, only 69,189 of the nearly 7.7 million Venezuelans abroad could vote, including 6,020 citizens abroad who were able to change their voting center in Venezuela to their country of residence.
### Harassment, Intimidation, and Other Violations
In addition to issues with overseas voter registration and voting that "disenfranchised the majority of immigrants," the Carter Center also addressed other issues related to the election process. noted. Checkpoints were placed near polling stations to intimidate voters. Individuals and companies providing services to the opposition were harassed and threatened. According to TSJ, the leadership of the opposition political parties has been replaced by supporters of Maduro. Maduro's campaign often used government vehicles and social programs to promote his campaign.
The New York Times reported that the violations across the country on Election Day were "outrageous." Voters were threatened with violence and threats. A notable case occurred in Kumana; where dozens of armed authorities lined up near the polling station. Between January 2024 and July 26, Foro Penal said 135 people were arrested in connection with Gonzalez's campaign.
### Censorship
TechRadar reported that websites including Wikipedia and voting information websites have been blocked in Venezuela since July 28.
## Polls
As of July 2024, most polls reported Gonzalez winning by a wide margin.
According to The Guardian, Edison Research, which conducts public opinion polls in the United States and various other countries, said that González could win 65% of the total vote, while Maduro could only win 31%.
### Exit Poll
## Results
### Official CNE Results
# ## Results announced by the opposition
## Reaction
The 2024 presidential election in Venezuela has raised many controversial issues and caused various reactions from the international community. Venezuela's National Electoral Council (CNE) declared Nicolás Maduro the winner, but many countries and international organizations questioned the fairness of the election.
The UN was particularly critical. Analysts said the election lacked "fundamental transparency and integrity," and concerns were raised about the incomplete publication of election results and the government's use of force against protesters. As a result of these protests, 23 people died and thousands were arrested.
Several Latin American countries, such as Argentina, Chile, and Peru, condemned the election results, which led Venezuela to break diplomatic relations with these countries. In the US, expressing similar concerns, Secretary of State Anthony Blinken noted "clear evidence of fraud" in the election and supported the opposition's demands.
Although Turkey supported Maduro, they also invited the Venezuelan authorities to dialogue. These mixed international reactions reflect deep polarization over the legitimacy of the Venezuelan government and the country's ongoing crisis.
### Protests
## Sources
## See also
* Nicolás Maduro \< > * Protests in Venezuela (2024) |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=743067 | Hulusi Behcet | Hulusi Behçet (trans. Hulusi Behçet; February 20, 1889, Istanbul - March 8, 1948, Istanbul) was a Turkish dermatologist, after whom Adamantiadis-Behçet's disease was named; Graduated from Gulhane Medical Academy in Istanbul in 1910; In 1914, he was appointed deputy chief physician of the military hospital in Kirklareli.
## Biography
Hulusi Behcet was born on February 20, 1889 in Istanbul. In 1910, he graduated from Gülhane Medical Academy in Istanbul and started working in the dermatology clinic of the academy. In July 1914 he was appointed to the Military Hospital in Kirklareli and became Deputy Chief Medical Officer. During the First World War, he worked as a dermatologist at the military hospital in Edirne, and at the end of the war - from August 1918 - he worked in Budapest and at the Charité clinic in Berlin. In October 1919, he returned to the Ottoman Empire.
After working in his own clinic for a while, in 1923 Behçet was appointed chief physician of Haskoy Hospital, specializing in sexually transmitted diseases; Within six months, he became a senior doctor at the Dermatology Clinic of Guraba Hospital. After the university reform in 1933, he was appointed professor of dermatology and syphilis department. Fame came to him later due to his work on a disease called Behçet's disease (at a medical congress in Geneva in 1947). In 1939, he became a professor at the Faculty of Medicine of Istanbul University; He died on March 8, 1948.
## Works
* Behçet H, Hodara M. Etude histologique expérimentale sur le sublimé appliqué sur la peau normale. Keçecian Matb., Istanbul, 1921.
* Behçet H, Hodara M. Recherches sur la pathogénie de la dermatose produites par les poussiéres d'orge alterées. Istanbul, 1921.
* Behçet H, Hodara M. Un cas de iodide noduleuse, pustuleuse, ecthymateuse et vegétante ou ioderma tubéerosum. Istanbul, 1921.
* Behçet H. Emrazı Cildiyede Kıymet ve Ehemiyeti of Laboratory. Istanbul, 1922.
* Behçet H. Treatment of Diathermy of Halep or Oriental Children. Orhaniye Matb., Istanbul. 1922.
* Behçet H. International surveys on the treatment of phrengy. 1923.
* Behçet H. Wassermann Hakkında Noktai Nazar ve Frengi Tävädisinde Düşünceler. Istanbul, 1924.
* Behçet H. Frengi iptidai karhası ve hardebini diagnosis. 1926.
* Behçet H. Diathermy treatment of Halep or Eastern ants. Kader Matb., Istanbul. 1926.
* Behçet H, Hodara M, Süreyya. Studies on the Origin of Barley Uyuz in our country. Istanbul, 1927.
* Behçet H. Frengi Niçin Aıp Görülür, Frengi Neden Gizli Tmak Adet Olmuştur. Tabiatta Ayıp Denilen Hastalık Var mıdır?, Belediye Basımevi, Istanbul, 1935.
* Behçet H. Frengi Dersleri. Istanbul, Akşam Matbaası, 1936.
* Behçet H. Frengi tarihi ve devirler. Univ. Haft. Ist. Univ. Publication, No. 47, Ist. 1937.
* Behçet H. Diagnosis of syphilis and similar skin diseases in clinic and practice. Istanbul, Kenan Basımevi, 1940.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742993 | Mehdi Bukamir | Mehdi Boukamir (Arabic: محدي بوكامير; January 22, 2004, Belgium) is a Belgian and Moroccan footballer who played for Belgium at various levels. But in 2023, Morocco decided to play in the Olympic team.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=743068 | Vladimir Putin's interview with Tucker Carlson | Vladimir Putin's interview with Tucker Carlson (Russian: Интервый Владимира Путина Такеру Карлсону) - Russian President Vladimir Putin's interview with American political analyst Tucker Carlson took place on February 6, 2024. It premiered on February 8, 2024 on Carlson's streaming service Tucker Carlson Network and Twitter (X). This was the first interview of the Russian president with a Western journalist since the beginning of the invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022.
Despite promising tough questions, Carlson did not ask Putin about Russian war crimes in Bucha and Mariupol, or about Alexei Navalny, and Putin made other points at length using an alternate version of Russian and Ukrainian history, including the USSR and Ukraine period. repeated. One of the most important statements of Vladimir Putin was his answer to the question about the American journalist Evan Hershkovich, who is in Russian prison on charges of espionage.
As of February 19, 2024, the video on X's social network has been viewed by more than 200 million people. More than 18 million viewers watched on YouTube.
## Background
In August 2023, RT editor-in-chief Margarita Simonyan noted that Tucker Carlson was "really asking for an interview with Putin." In September, Carlson told the Swiss magazine Die Weltwoche that he had previously "tried" to interview Putin but had been denied permission by US authorities.
### Carlson in Russian media
On February 1, 2024, Russian media reported that journalist Tucker Carlson flew from Istanbul to Moscow. Some publications published photos of the TV presenter from the airport and the Bolshoi Theater, where the TV presenter went to see the ballet "Spartacus". Since then, Russian propaganda has actively publicized Carlson's visit to Moscow, claiming that his main purpose was to interview Vladimir Putin. Russian pro-government media actively publicized the atmosphere of the upcoming interview, focusing on Carlson's movements around Moscow and emphasizing his status as a celebrity.
"Ostorozhno, novosti" Telegram channel calculated that since January 29, Russian state media have mentioned Carlson more than 2,000 times in their posts, and in the last few days, the frequency of mentioning the TV host in the media has increased 14 times. Tucker Carlson has been spotted in various locations, including a hotel, the Russian exhibition at VDNKh, and the presidential administration. He was invited to become a member of the Union of Journalists of Russia and to participate in the show of comedian Pavel Volya. Jokes and satire on the subject of an American journalist's visit to Russia were hotly discussed on social networks and satirical channels. Citing far-right politicians in the West, including the Republican Party, Russian media reported on the alleged turmoil in the European Union and possible interviews with American Democrats.
Carlson did not explain the purpose of his visit to Moscow and did not announce it on social networks. REN TV published a recording of the journalist's conversation, in which he expressed his desire to look at Russia and talk to people. Bloomberg, citing a source, reported that the Kremlin discussed the possibility of an interview with Putin with Carlson. In addition to the interview, Semaphore said Carlson met in Moscow with two Americans living in exile in Russia: Edward Snowden and Tara Reid, who are accused of passing data on surveillance programs to the FBI and the US National Security Agency. Joe Biden is accused of harassment. Carlson himself denied the fact of such meetings.
### Announcement video
On February 6, 2024, Tucker Carlson said that preparing for the interview with Putin was a long and dangerous task that he had been thinking about for many months. He noted that he paid for his trip to Russia and that he believes most Americans are not sufficiently informed about the conflict that is "reshaping the world" and blamed the mainstream media. Carlson claimed that Volodymyr Zelensky was frequently interviewed by Western journalists, calling them "soft talk sessions" aimed at bolstering the Ukrainian president's claims about US involvement in the war.
In a video explaining the decision to interview Putin, Carlson said Americans and other English speakers "don't know what's going on in the war between Russia and Ukraine" because "their media is corrupt" and "lies to readers and viewers." .
Carlson said that none of the Western journalists "bothered" to interview Vladimir Putin, but in fact, a number of Western media outlets have repeatedly asked to interview the Putins and their requests have been turned down by the Kremlin. Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov confirmed the claims and noted that Carlson was allowed to give the interview because his position was "different from others."
Tucker Carlson said that he spent five hours in the Kremlin to record the interview, and Vladimir Putin arrived two hours late. Putin's conversation with Carlson was published at least three times in different forms: first, Putin's statements were cited, then the media informed readers that a transcript of the interview had appeared on the Kremlin website, and finally published the full version in Russian. On the morning of February 9, TASS started live broadcasting of the interview.
## Contents and analysis
The interview lasted more than two hours. It was published on the Kremlin website along with a transcript of the conversation in Russian.
The interview began with Tucker Carlson's false claim that Vladimir Putin was talking about a possible "surprise attack" by the US, backed by NATO, when he announced Russia's invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022. In fact, Putin did not mention this. Putin asked the journalist: "Are we conducting a talk show or are we having a serious conversation?" he answered.
### Alternative History
Putin to Carlson: "I understand you have a basic knowledge of history, correct?" he asked. "Then I'll allow myself—just 30 seconds or a minute—a little bit of history," said the president, who received a favorable response. Putin's monologue lasted 23 minutes, despite the journalist's attempts to intervene or ask additional questions. Carlson later questioned, among other things, why eastern Ukraine had not been annexed earlier, given Russia's nuclear weapons. Putin noted that he would soon answer this question, considering his monologue important for understanding the context. The president also reiterated his desire to interview Carlson, and they agreed to have a "serious conversation."
number of historians, such as Robert English, a professor at the University of Southern California, noted that Putin's statements try to emphasize his version of historical events, including the sovereignty of Ukraine, but these theses contradict the opinion of many historians and experts, who have repeatedly refuted such statements.
"Foundation of Russia"
Vladimir Putin noted that 862 was "the year of the founding of the Russian state" and emphasized the Norman theory of the emergence of statehood, according to which Prince Rurik was invited to rule Novgorod, which, according to Putin, was the beginning of Russia. led to its formation. was the beginning of the formation of modern Russian people and "centralized" states. He compared the emergence of Russian statehood in the 9th century with the alleged "invention" of Ukraine in the 20th century. Historian Serhiy Radchenko of the Johns Hopkins Graduate School of International Studies calls this claim untrue and points to Putin's assertion that Russia as a state began to emerge in the 9th century, although it can be argued that Ukraine's historical roots lie in that period. period, with similar evidence and historical documents.
Carlson twice said that he did not understand what was said about the war with Ukraine, but the journalist's words were removed from the text transcript on the Kremlin website.
Ukraine in the 17th century
Vladimir Putin told Carlson that in the 17th century, when the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth began to rule parts of modern-day Ukraine, the term "Ukrainian" began to be used to refer to the people of these territories who lived on the outskirts of the state. According to Putin, the word originally meant "a person who lives on the sidelines." Anita Prazmovska, Honorary Professor of the London School of Economics, says that the national identity of Ukrainians was formed later than that of other peoples of Central Europe, but Ukrainians already existed in this period. According to Ronald Suni, a professor at the University of Michigan, although Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians share common roots, "over time they became different peoples."
Putin said that the southern and eastern regions of Ukraine "had no historical connection with Ukraine." According to the president, the territories conquered by Catherine II from the Ottoman Empire in the 17th century actually belonged to the Russian Empire. To describe them, Putin uses the 18th century term "Novorossiya". As Ronald Suni points out, when Russia conquered these lands, the inhabitants were neither Russians nor Ukrainians, but Ottomans, Tatars, or Cossacks, but it is in Putin's interest to say that these lands are in fact Russian. Areas that Russia is trying to regain during the long war with Ukraine.
"Artificial State"
Subsequently, Vladimir Putin annexed Western Ukraine to the Ukrainian SSR and annexed parts of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Ukrainian SSR. argued that it is an artificial state without preconditions. Professor Serhiy Radchenko agreed with Putin's opinion to a certain extent and said that the Soviet leadership set the borders of the Soviet republics in a way similar to the Western colonial powers in Africa, but this does not mean that there is no Ukrainian identity. The historian denied Putin's words that "Ukraine is not a real state" and emphasized that any country is formed as a result of historical processes. He noted that Russia, like Ukraine, was formed by historical decisions such as the colonization of Siberia. According to Fedchenko and the Voice of America Russian service, according to Putin's logic, Russia can be considered the same artificial state.
The Insider pointed out that Vladimir Putin's statement that Ukraine was created by the Soviet Union in 1922 is not true, because in 1917 the Central Rada in Kiev declared the autonomy of Ukraine within Russia as the People's Republic of Ukraine, and in February 1918 its autonomy became the Republic of Donetsk-Kryvyi Rih. , a month later Ukraine became part of the People's Republic of Soviets.
## Sources
## External links
* Francesca Ebel Putin barely gave Tucker Carlson a chance to speak in a relaxed interview (eng.) (8 February 2024).
* Sarah Rainsford Tucker Carlson: Putin Leads as TV Host Frees Kremlin (9 February 2024).
* "Are we doing a talk show or a serious conversation?" 20 fakes from Tucker Carlson's interview with Vladimir Putin (February 10, 2024).
* Vladimir Putin's interview with Tucker Carlson // Kremlin.ru
* Analysis of Putin's interview. Two hours of historical errors and Tucker Carlson's reaction // Telekanal Dozhd
* Ukraine was founded by Stalin, and Zelensky's father was a militant. The main fakes in Putin's interview // The Insider
* Why did Carlson fly to Putin? // Podcast "Chto eto bylo?" Russian Service BBC
* How Tucker Carlson listened to Professor Putin's lecture // Radio Liberty |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=743079 | Emin Bector | Emin Bektore (Crypt. Emin Bektore, trans. Emin Bektore; 1906-1995, April 15) is a Turkish and Romanian folklorist and Crimean Tatar ethnographer, an activist of the Crimean Tatar national movement in Turkey and Romania.
## Biography
Born in 1906 in the city of Dobrich (now Dobruja region, Bulgaria). Between 1913 and 1940, the city was under Romanian rule and received the name "Bazardzhik". Bectore received his education in Romania, in the cities of Bazardzhik and Bucharest. He learned to dance and sing in various Romanian and Bulgarian folk ensembles. He organized several folk ensembles of the Crimean Tatars, for which he wrote a number of songs and plays in the Crimean Tatar language: Shahin Giray Khan, Atilla, Bora, Kirim, Kok-koz Bayar. In 1930, in Constanta, he joined the group organized by Mustegjib Ulkusal, and was also one of the founders of the historical-philosophical magazine "Emel" of the Crimean Tatar diaspora in Turkish.
In 1940, Bector went to Turkey, settled in the city of Eskişehir, and performed various works on the research and promotion of the Crimean Tatar folk culture. There he continued to teach folklore to everyone. He was a pioneer in the development of ethnography and the study of folk art in Turkey, thanks to Bectore's work, the music and dance of the Crimean Tatars began to be taught as a compulsory subject in schools in Eskişehir and the village of the same name.
In the 1960s, Bectore met M. Ulkusal in Turkey and other figures of the national movement of the Crimean Tatars: Jafer Seydamet Krymer and Edige Krymal, who in 1960 resumed publication of the magazine "Emel" in Turkey.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=743070 | Carpathian Kemal | Karpat Kemal (trans. Kemal Karpat; February 15, 1923 – February 20, 2019) was a Turkish historian.
## Biography
Born in Romania in a family of Crimean Tatars. His father, Hashim, was a merchant and imam, and his mother, Zubeyde, was a housewife. Kemal's father died when he was young.
He studied at the Pedagogical Lyceum in Mejidiya, but after his father's death, he moved to Istanbul and graduated from Heydarpaşa Lyceum. Then he entered Istanbul University and graduated in 1948 with a bachelor's degree in law. After graduating from university, he moved to the United States and received a master's degree from the University of Washington in 1950.
In 1952-1953 he served in the UN Secretariat, in 1954-1955 in the Turkish army. He received his PhD from New York University in 1957 and then taught history at several universities in the United States and Turkey.
He was a member of a number of professional associations and societies. He was the editor of the scientific journals "International Journal of Turkish Studies", "The Central Asian Survey" and "Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs".
died on February 20, 2019 in Wisconsin. He was buried in Fatih Mosque.
Ulyanova I.N. Honorary Doctor of Chuvash University named after
In 2019, he was awarded the badge "For Merit to the Crimean Tatar People".
## Featured Publications
* Elites and Religion: From the Ottoman Empire to the Republic of Turkey (Times, 2010);
* Gekekondu: Rural Migration and Urbanization (Cambridge University Press; 2009);
* The Politicization of Islam (Oxford University Press, 2001);
* Ottoman Empire Past and Present Turkey (Brill, 2000);
* Political and Social Thought in the Modern Middle East (Praeger, 1968);
* Turkish Politics: The Transition to a Multiparty System (Princeton University Press, 1959);
* Political Modernization in Japan and Turkey (Princeton University Press, 1964);
* Study of the social foundations of nationalism in the Ottoman state (Princeton University, 1973);
* Social Change and Politics in Turkey (Brill Leyden, 1973);
* Foreign Policy of Turkey in Transition (Brill Leyden, 1975).
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=743019 | Shinnosuke Oka | Shinnosuke Oka (Japanese 岡 慎之助; October 31, 2003, Japan) is a Japanese gymnast, three-time Summer Olympic champion, 2023 world champion. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=743147 | Sailing at the Olympic Games | Sailing was included in the program of the first modern Olympic Games, but due to weather conditions, the only competition was canceled. Thirteen types of competitions were held in the Second Olympiad according to the weight of the ship. In the 1904 Olympics, no competition was held in this sport, since then sailing has been included in all the Olympics.
In the first modern Olympics, competitions were not divided by gender. Men-only or women-only competitions have been held since 1988.
## Competitions
* A — open competitions
* E — among men
* A — among women
* K — mixed-sex crews
## Table of Medals
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=743118 | Behije Boran | Behice Boran (trans. Behice Boran; tat. Bahija Sadyik kyzy Boran; May 1, 1910, Bursa, Ottoman Empire - October 10, 1987, Brussels, Belgium) was a Turkish political figure and sociologist-scientist, Marxist. She was the first female sociologist and the first female party leader in Turkish history. A critical voice of the left, Boran was repeatedly persecuted and imprisoned, and died in exile after the 1980 military coup.
## Biography
Boran was born in Bursa in the 1890s in a family of Kazan Tatars who migrated to the Ottoman Empire. After graduating from the American Women's College in Istanbul, Turkey in 1931, she studied sociology at the University of Michigan in the United States, receiving her doctorate in 1939 and becoming interested in Marxism. Returning to his homeland, he worked as an associate professor of the Department of Sociology at the Faculty of Language, History and Geography of Ankara University.
He also joined the underground Turkish Communist Party (TKP) and began collaborating with the leftist periodicals Yurt ve Dünya (Homeland and the World) and Adımlar, for which he was expelled from the university in 1948 as a leftist. The Communist Party resigned after its structures were destroyed as a result of the repressions of 1951.
In 1950, he founded and headed the Turkish Peace Society, which protested the participation of the Turkish government of Adnan Menderes in the Korean War. For this he was arrested and imprisoned for 15 months. In 1962, he joined the new left-wing Socialist Workers' Party (SWP) of Turkey. On his behalf, in 1965, he was elected as a deputy to the Turkish parliament from Urfa.
In the spirit of the "New Left" in 1968, when the leader of the TJP, Mehmet Ali Aybar, who criticized the entry of Soviet troops into Czechoslovakia and the Soviet model, was removed from office, Boran was replaced as the head of the party in 1970. After the coup d'état of March 12, 1971 and the banning of political parties, the leadership of the TJP was arrested, Boran was sentenced to 15 years in prison. In 1974 he was released under amnesty and in 1975 he re-established the ZhTP.
After the military coup of September 12, 1980, Boran, who again banned the activities of the parties, was under house arrest for several months, and in 1981 he went into exile in Europe. After losing his Turkish citizenship, he became a political refugee in Sofia, Brussels and Dusseldorf. A few days before his death in 1987, he announced the unification of the Turkish Labor and Communist parties. He died of heart disease in Brussels at the age of 77. His body was flown to Istanbul and his funeral at Zinjirlikyu Cemetery, attended by Majilis deputies and other officials, became the first public demonstration by leftist forces since the 1980 coup.
Boran left an important scholarly and journalistic legacy, including translations of Plato, John Steinbeck, Howard Fast, and Harley Granville-Barker. He advocated the universality of socialist theory and practice regardless of context.
## References
* Shlykov P.V. Boran, BehidjeArchived on March 26, 2020. // Russian historical encyclopedia. - T. 2. — OLMA Media Group Moscow, 2014.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=743075 | Юэяцюань | Yueyquan (Chinese: 月牙泉, pinyin: Yuèyáquán) is a crescent-shaped lake in the Dunhuang Mountains, 5 km southwest of Dunhuang City (Gansu Province, China).
According to measurements made in 1960, the average depth of the lake at that time was from 4 to 5 m, and the maximum depth was 7.5 m. In the early 1990s, the lake's surface area was only 5,500 m², and its average depth was reduced to 0.9 m (maximum 1.3 m). Although the local authorities intended to fill the lake with water, the lack of funds prevented the implementation of these plans.
The lake and the surrounding desert are very popular among tourists.
## History
The lake got its name during the Qing Dynasty. Travelers and missionaries Mildred Cable and Francesca French recorded their impressions during their travels in the region in the early 20th century in their book The Gobi Desert: “All around us we saw many layers of high sand dunes. We already doubted the correctness of our search, but when we crossed the last ridge and looked at the land that lay on its border, we saw the lake and its beauty.
Sands protect Yuequan Lake from sandstorms and wind. Despite such natural "protection", this natural attraction, located in one of the driest places on the planet, is in danger of extinction. In the 1960s, the depth of the lake reached four to five meters, and seven meters at its deepest point. And in the early 1990s, a shallowing of only 90 cm damaged the ecosystem of the Gobi desert and dammed the Dang River, which diverted the flow of underground water that feeds Yuequan Lake. The second reason is related to the increase in the population of Dunhuang. The need for drinking water has increased, the main source of which is underground water.
In 2006, the Chinese authorities, together with environmentalists, made a plan to restore such a unique lake. They prevented its complete subsidence: a ban on drilling wells and any agricultural activity proved to be effective.
Yuequan Lake is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Tourists are offered camel or jeep tours.
## Gallery
*
*
*
*
*
*
## Sources \< >
## Links
* China Saves Crescent Lake Archive Copy (German)
* Crescent Lake in Dunhuang Archive Copy (German)
* CCTV《News Overview. Crescent Lake》 Archive copy (Chinese)
* News: The water level of Dunhuang Crescent Lake is rising Archive copy (Chinese) |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=743077 | Necip Hablemitoglu | Necip Hablemitoglu (trans. Necip Hablemitoğlu; November 28, 1954) is a Turkish scientist and historian. He was killed in front of his house in 2002. The conspirators have not yet been found.
## Biography
In 1977, Hablemitoglu graduated from Ankara University's School of Press and Journalism, Faculty of Political Science. 1977-1978 period "Dilde, Fikirde, İşde Birlik" (Russian. Edinstvo v yazeki, idee i rabote). For some time, he worked as a press consultant in a number of organizations, and then received a master's degree and a doctorate in the history of Atatürk's reforms at Ankara University.
She started a family with Prof. Dr. Çengül Hablemitoğlu and they had two daughters, Kanıce and Uyvar, named after the most remote fortresses in the west and north of the Ottoman Empire.
## Scientific activities
Hablemitoglu lectured about Atatürk at Ankara University.
### Research on the Crimean Tatars
His first published work was a series of articles entitled "Yuzbinlerin Surgunu" (Russian: Deportation soten tysaj) published in the Turkish newspaper Akşam in the 1970s. These articles were later published as a book with the same name. Given the silence of the entire world, including the Turkic world, on the deportation of the Crimean Tatars by the USSR authorities during the Second World War, Hablemitoglu's articles written during the Cold War were a bold attempt to draw the world's attention to this political issue. He continued his work on the Crimean Tatars and other Turkic issues, publishing Birlik magazine in the early 1970s.
Later, he published the book "Arlık Rusyası'nda Türk Kongreleri (1905-1917)" (Russian: Туркские конгресы в царской России (1915–1917)) on the history of the Turkic peoples in Russia, which he was deeply interested in. Together with her husband, Çengül Hablemitoğlu, she wrote a book about the history of the Crimean Tatars, "Shefika Gaspirali and the Activities of Turkish Women in Russia (1893-1920)". Dr. Necip Hablemitoglu has also written many articles on Crimea and the Crimean Tatars, many of which have been published in the Crimean Tatars magazine, published twice a month in Ankara, Turkey.
## In recent years
Hablemitoğlu paid a lot of attention to exposing the Gülen movement in the last years of his life. In his book "Köstebek", he wrote that this movement is a terrorist organization created by another alternative to the current government. He was killed five days before the book was published. In the last part of the introduction of his book, he wrote:
I call on all nationalists to act together against the Fetullahist threat before it is too late, I call on public opinion to clear the intelligence services of Fetullahist units...
Hablemitoglu said that He must have known that he might be a victim of the conspirators, because his daughters asked him what to do in case of an attack.
On the day of the attack, he left the house to buy food. According to surveillance cameras and receipts, he left the store at 8:05 p.m. local time. A few minutes later, he was killed on his way home.
Hablemitoglu was buried on December 21, 2002 at the Karşıyaka Cemetery in Ankara.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=742904 | Betül Kachar | Betül Kaçar (born Betül Kaçar, 1983) is a Turkish-American astrobiologist and associate professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He directs NASA's Astrobiology Research Center, which studies the fundamental attributes of life, its origins, and how they shape our understanding of life and the search for life on other worlds.
## Education and career
Cachar was born in Istanbul. She was the first woman in her family to receive a formal education. He studied chemistry at Marmara University. He received a scholarship for Howard Hughes Medical Institute students to conduct research in Organic Chemistry at Emory University for the summer. Betul returned to Emory University in 2004 and received his doctorate in biomolecular chemistry in 2010, focusing on the structure-function relationship of enzymes. After receiving his doctorate, Kachar moved to the study of the origin of life. In 2010, he was appointed a NASA research fellow at the Georgia Institute of Technology. In 2011, he received a NASA fellowship, and in 2013, he received funding from the NASA Astrobiology Institute and Exobiology Division. In 2014, he joined Harvard University as a research associate in the Department of Organic and Evolutionary Biology, leading an independent research group. In 2015, he received a Templeton Fellowship and became a member of the Harvard Origins initiative. Cachar was appointed a NASA Early Career Faculty Fellow in 2019. In 2020, he received a Scialog Fellowship from the Research Corporation and Science Advancement to study life in the universe.
## Research
Cachar's research includes the origin of life, early evolution, life in the universe, and how to understand the molecular mechanisms of evolution. He currently directs NASA's Center for Molecular Paleobiology-Astrobiology to study other planets and ancient life. She is the first Turkish woman and the youngest scientist to head a NASA research center. He was the first to resurrect an ancient gene within a modern microbial genome. He coined the term "paleophenotype" by reconstructing and studying the evolutionary history of present-day components, then linking their phenotypes to biosignatures to gain insight into changes based on rock history and thus geological and environmental context. In 2020, he proposed sending prebiotic chemistry, protospermia, chemical components capable of life to another planetary body. His research group identified an "evolutionary stop" as an evolutionary mechanism that prevents a module from reaching its local performance peak, which imposes a genetic burden, meaning that an organism carrying a stalled module suffers adaptive costs compared to an organism with optimal module performance.
Kachar is a professor of bacteriology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He is also an associate professor at the Institute of Earth and Life Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology. He is called a "distinguished member" of NASA's Astrobiology Institute. He has received more than $9 million in grant funding as a principal investigator.
## Community Service
Kachar is the sole founder of SAGANet, an astrobiology advocacy and media network serving teachers and students in astrobiology research worldwide. In 2011, Cachar became a member of the Bluemarble Space Science Institute. He previously served as the global science coordinator for the ELSI Origins Network, which aims to expand the participation of young researchers in the field of the origin of life. He discussed the search for extraterrestrial life at SXSW in 2020. Cachar has partnered with UN Women's 2020 Campaign for Generational Equality to support the education of girls and women around the world.
## Awards and honors
In his honor, the asteroid 284919 Kachar, discovered by astronomers with the help of the 2010 WISE space telescope, was named. The official reference to the name was published by the International Astronomical Union Working Group on Small Body Nomenclature on November 8, 2021.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=743030 | Frank Fischer | Frank Fischer (German: Birgit Fischer; 1960, Brandenburg) is a kayak rower from the GDR.
became the world champion in 1983, 1985, 1986.
In 1984, he was supposed to participate in the Summer Olympic Games in Los Angeles. But due to the boycott of socialist countries, Fischer could not perform at the Olympics. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=743031 | Ryan Murphy | Ryan Murphy (English Ryan Murphy; July 2, 1995, Florida) is an American swimmer, five-time champion of the Summer Olympics. 11-time world champion.
## Records
## Links
* https://www.usaswimming.org Archived February 25, 2020. |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=743158 | Bimetallic memories of Kazakhstan | The National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan has been issuing bimetallic commemorative coins since 2003, when a set of 4 coins dedicated to the tenge's 10th anniversary was issued. Buckets are produced in two versions:
* in UNC quality from inexpensive metals (nibrass and nickel silver) with a nominal value of 100 tenge;
* denominations of 100 and 500 tenge are made of 925 silver and proof quality tantalum.
All bimetallic coins were minted at the Kazakhstan Mint. The production of shakas is carried out within the framework of the local programs "Okigalar", "10 Years of the Coin", "Garysh" and "Respublika shala".
Bimetallic buckets are legal tender in Kazakhstan, but since the market value of silver buckets is much higher than their nominal value and they are not used as a means of payment, only buckets made of base metals are actually in circulation.
## Statistics
As of May 2018, 17 commemorative bimetallic buckets have been issued.
## Coins made of non-precious metal
Bimetallic 100 tenge coins are minted from neusilber (central part) and neusilber (ring).
Obverse: fixed price, national ornament, octagonal flower pattern, National Bank's khaz. abbreviation KUB, tenge symbol.
The edge is rough, separated by stars, goose. HUNDRED TENGE and Russian. The fixed price is written with the inscription STO TENGE.
Weight: 6.45 g. Diameter: 24.5 mm. Thickness: 1.90 mm. Circulation of each issue is 100,000 copies.
### "10 Years to Tenge" collection
The coins of the collection were released in 2003. Two silver buckets worth 1000 tenge were dedicated to this event.
Reverse side: animal images on tenge buckets of the first issue, August. Inscription TENGEGE 10 YEARS, name of the country, August. REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN and the year of issue.
### "Event" series
In the event series, only one bimetallic bucket was released for the 60th anniversary of the UN. Also, since 1995, 20 and 50 tenge silver coins have been produced within the collection.
## Silver and tantalum spoons
### "Garysh" collection
Spoons in the collection with a fixed price of 500 tenge were produced in 2006-2015. Copper-nickel buckets with a similar design and a price of 50 tenge were produced.
Obverse: "Sun God" within a stylized image of the cosmos, the name of the state is Kaz. REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN and English. REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN, nominal value, mint, weight and assay of metals.
The edge is rough.
### "Goods of the Republic" collection
Within this collection, silver buckets with a fixed price of 500 tenge are also produced.
### "Magic Symbols" collection
Within this collection, silver buckets with a set price of 100 tenge are also produced.
### "TILASHAR" collection
As part of this collection, 500 and 100 tenge buckets are produced.
## See more
* Commemorative cups of Kazakhstan
* Commemorative cups of Kazakhstan made of non-precious metals
* Commemorative cups of Kazakhstan made of gold
* Commemorative cups of Kazakhstan made of silver memories
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=743192 | Korsanau complex | Inferiority complex (inferiority complex, also known as "self-concern") is one of the most common psychological complexes, a real or imaginary feeling of deficiency or deficiency in a person. These feelings are caused by a physical disability, or when we feel that we are smarter, weaker, less capable... than others. In other cases, feelings of inferiority may arise from purely imaginary shortcomings.
In psychology, an inferiority complex is a persistent feeling of inadequacy, often a feeling that someone is inferior or inferior to others in some way.
Alfred Adler in his book "What Life Should Mean to You" (What Life Should Mean to You), the feeling of inferiority stems from childhood upbringing (for example, constant negative comparison with siblings), physical and can be caused by mental problems or low social life experiences (for example, a child's exposure to negative behavior from peers).
A person with a defensive complex may compete aggressively with those who are superior to him, even to the extreme, character instability is evident, the emotion of flattery and rejection is unfounded and unsystematic. For example, a person with low self-esteem (also known as the "Napoleon complex") may be overly concerned about how he or she looks to others. They may wear special shoes to make themselves appear taller, or they may like to hang out with shorter people. If this feeling of dread goes beyond limits, it turns into a neurosis.
This complex can also cause a person to try to gain attention in order to compensate for his real or imaginary shortcomings, to compete excessively, even to show aggressive behavior, to care too much about his appearance in front of others.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=743198 | Zhandarbekov | * Bolat Kurmanbekuly Zhandarbekov - director, writer, screenwriter, playwright
* Kurmanbek Zhandarbekov - singer, actor, director, teacher, one of the founders of national professional theater art, People's Artist of Kazakhstan (1936) |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=743212 | Wild dance | Zhabai bi Karauly (XVIII century) is the father of Toksan bi. He came from the Kerei tribe. Oral dance from the Ombi region. Grandfather Kara bi greatly influenced the recognition of his son Toksan bi as a person.
## The Story of the Wild Dancer
The story of the wild dance
The story of the wild dance
The son of the black dance, the son of the dance dance, during the reign of the eloquent speaker, the 55-year-old Biran died in his village and his three children became orphans. . There is no greater sorrow for the poor. After sitting for a while, the wild orator condoled with Biran and said: "Don't cry, you will receive a letter in a month." meet
For a rich guy,
A good wife and a fast horse will meet.
To a poor guy,
A lazy wife and dead cattle will meet.
For a boy whose head does not grow,
A barren woman will meet.
Do not climb on the high ridge,
Sorrow will come and you will lose your job.
Don't put the ox in a cage, it will lose its strength.
Do not go to the top of a high mountain,
It will come near your house.
Sorrow will come to the head of fifty dances, fortunes,
Khan, the judge.
After receiving a letter, Wild went to dance again. "May it be long," Zhabai said:
The boy is the market of the house,
The girl is the creation of the house.
New bride,
If it's good, it's a holiday,
If it's bad, ridicule,
Cotton in the month of the horse,
Cotton in the year of marriage,
He is an uneducated family member.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=743168 | The current pentathlon at the Olympic Games | The modern pentathlon was first introduced at the Olympic Games in 1912 in Stockholm.
When Baron Pierre de Coubertin, the founder of the modern Olympic Games, invented the modern pentathlon, he relied on the ancient pentathlon and multisport competitions that were widespread in Sweden at the beginning of the 20th century. This sport includes the following disciplines:
* fencing,
* untrained horse show jumping,
* 200 meters freestyle swimming (originally 300 meters),
* 3200 meters cross-country running (initially — 4000 meters),
* pistol shooting.
Initially, one day was given to each discipline. Since 1996, all competitions have been held on the same day. Competitions among women have been held since 2000.
## Competitions
## Count of medals
## Participation of Kazakhstani athletes
Representing Kazakhstan since 1996 2 athletes went to each Olympics. Only in 2000, no one participated in this sport.
In the current pentathlon, one gold medal was collected in 1996:
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=743204 | Kayaking and canoeing at the Olympic Games | Kayaking and canoeing competitions were first held at the Olympic Games in 1936, before being introduced as a demonstration sport in 1924.
Slalom competitions have been held at the Olympics since 1972.
In the last Olympics, 16 sets of medals from this sport were evaluated.
## Competitions
### Sprint (flat water rowing)
Men
Women
### Slalom competition
## Participation of Kazakhstani athletes
8 athletes represented Kazakhstan at the Olympic Games in 1996, 4 athletes in 2000, 3 athletes in 2004, In 2008 — 7 athletes, in 2012 — 5 athletes, in 2016 — 13 athletes, in 2021 — 7 athletes, in 2024 — 6 athletes participated.
## See more
* World Championships in Kayaking and Canoeing |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=743145 | Daulet Gerey (Kalgay) | Daulet Geray (Krymtat. Devlet Geray; November 13, 1631) - Nureddin (1608-1610) and squire (1610-1623, 1628-1631) of the Crimean Khanate, son of Shakai Mubarak Gerey Nureddin, Crimean Khan, grandson of Daulet Gerey I, Crimean Khan Janibek Gerei's younger brother.
## Biography
In 1584-1588 Prince Shakai Mubarak Gerey (Daulet's father), who was Nureddin, was forced to leave Crimea in 1588, lived in Cherkesistan and died in 1593. Daulet Gerei's mother was Durbike, the daughter of a Circassian gentleman from the Beslenei clan.
In 1608, Ottoman Sultan Ahmet I appointed Selyamet Gerey I (1608-1610), the youngest son of Daulet Gerey I, as the new Khan of Crimea. Selamet Gerey I appointed the brothers Mehmet Gerey and Shahin Gerey as kalgay and nureddin. Zhanibek Gerey and Daulet Gerey returned to Crimea from Cherkesistan with their mothers. Selyamet married Durbik and adopted her two sons.
In 1608, brothers Mehmet and Shahin Gerey organized a conspiracy against Selyamet Gerey Khan and revealed the face of this conspiracy. Mehmet and Shahin Gerey lost their positions and fled from Crimea to the Caucasus. Selyamet Gerey I appoints Janibek Gerey as a new guard, and his younger brother Daulet Gerey as Nureddin.
After the death of Selyamet Gerey I in 1610, Janibek Gerey and Mehmet Gerey became candidates for the vacant Crimean throne. First, Mehmet Gerey captured Bakshasarai and declared himself the new khan. Janibek and Daulet Gerey fled from the capital to Kefe under the protection of the Turkish Pasha. Rivals Janibek Gerey and Mehmet Gerey sent an embassy to the Sultan's palace in Istanbul and asked for their confirmation on the khan throne. Sultan Ahmet I appointed Janibek Gerei as the new Khan of Crimea and sent a Turkish army to Kefe to help him. In the same year 1610, with the support of the Turkish army, Zhanibek defeated his rival Mehmet Gerey, captured Bakshasarai and ascended to the khan throne. Zhanibek Gerey gave the position of kalgay to his younger brother Daulet Gerey.
In August 1617, at the request of the Ottoman government, Janibek Gerey left his brother Daulet Gerey in Crimea and reached Sinop with a 10,000-strong Crimean Tatar army and took part in the Iranian-Turkish war. In September 1617, Kalgai-Sultan Daulet Gerei made a destructive campaign to the southern Polish possessions by order of the sultan. The Crimeans destroyed the vicinity of Kanev and Ak Shirkeu, and the Nogai marched to the vicinity of Lviv.
In the summer of 1618, Daulet Gerei led a new Crimean campaign against the southern Polish possessions. An army of Crimean Tatars attacked a Polish camp near Kamenets, but was repulsed. On the other hand, separate detachments of Tatars and Nogais invaded Vinnytsia, Bar, Tarnopol, Sinyavets, Dubno and Lviv.
In 1620, Zhanibek Gerey Khan sent an army led by Mr. Daulet Gerey and Mr. Kantemir to a new campaign against the Polish-Lithuanian state. Crimeans and Nogais destroyed Podolia and Bratslavshchyna. This campaign ended with the defeat of the Polish army under the command of the great Crowned Hetman Stanisław Zolkiewski in the Battle of Cetsora Foothills in Moldova. The Crimean Tatars took away rich booty and noble prisoners, who were later released for a large ransom.
In the following year 1621, Kalgai Daulet Gerey took part in the great campaign of Janibek Gerey to the southern Polish possessions. The Crimean army united with the Turkish army and participated in the battle with the Polish-Cossack army at the bottom of Khotyn. The battle of Khotyn ended with the defeat of the Turkish-Crimean army, which suffered heavy losses in killed and wounded.
In the spring of 1623, the new Turkish Sultan Mustafa I (1622-1623) removed Zhanibek Gerey from power and appointed Mehmet Gerey III as the new Khan of Crimea. The former khan Zhanibek Gerey went to the Turkish possession with Daulet Gerey.
In the spring of 1624, the Ottoman sultan Murat IV (1623-1640) announced that Khan III Mehmet Gerey had lost power and that the khan throne had been returned to Janibek Gerey. Zhanibek and his younger brother Daulet Gerei reached Kefe with Turkish troops. However, Mehmet Gerey III and the lieutenant Shahin Gerey gathered the Crimean Tatar forces and refused to obey the sultan's order. In the battle at the bottom of Karasubazar, the Crimeans defeated the Turkish army and captured the Kefe fortress. Zhanibek and Daulet Gerey fled to Varna by ship together with the rest of the Turkish army.
In June 1628, the Turkish government announced Janibek Gerei as the new Khan of Crimea for the second time. On June 21, Janibek Gerei and the former lieutenant Daulet Gerei reached Kefe with a large Turkish army, which was surrounded by Mehmet Gerei Khan III and the lieutenant Shahin Gerei. The lords of the Crimean Tatars betrayed Mehmet III with their troops and went over to Zhanibek's side. Zhanibek Gerey, who led the Turko-Tatar army, marched from Kefe, captured Bakshasarai, and ascended the khan throne for the second time. Daulet Gerey was appointed as a guard for the second time. Having lost the support of the Crimean aristocracy, Mehmet and Shahin Gerey fled to Zaporozhye. The Cossacks of Zaporizhia promised to provide military assistance to them in their struggle to regain power in the Crimean Khanate. Kalgai Daulet Gerey took part in repelling two military campaigns against the Crimean Khanate by Mehmet and Shahin Gerey, who led the Zaporizhia Cossacks and Nogais, in the fall of 1628 and the spring of 1629.
In the autumn of 1629, Daulet Gerei, a rogue, launched a major attack on the southern possessions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Daulet Gerei, united with the Bujak Horde under the command of Mr. Kantemir, first headed to Moldavia, and from there suddenly invaded Podolia and Galicia. Crimeans and Nogais began to destroy nearby towns and villages, kill and arrest the local population. The Grand Guard of the Crown, Stefan Khmeletsky, destroyed separate Crimean and Nogai detachments, which were scattered to plunder and capture prisoners with the Polish Horugs and the registered Hetman Grigoriy Chorny Cossack regiments. In the battle at the bottom of Burshtyn, the Poles and Ukrainian Cossacks completely destroyed the main "group" of seven thousand Crimean Tatars under the leadership of Kantemir son. The victors killed most of the Crimeans and freed ten thousand prisoners. In this unsuccessful campaign, Crimean Tatars and Nogais were killed and lost up to fifteen thousand people who were captured. Among the dead was Kantemir's son, and Prince Islam Gerey was captured. In January 1630, the Crimean Tatars returned to Crimea without bringing a single prisoner with them.
In November 1631, Daulet Gerey, a nobleman, died without leaving any descendants. Azamat Gerey (1631-1632), the son of the Crimean Khan Selyamet Gerey I (1608-1610), was appointed as the new guard.
## Literature
* Novoselsky A. A. Struggle of the Moscow state with the Tatars in the 17th century. — M.—L. : Publishing house of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1948.
* Oleksa Gaivoronsky. Governors of the two continents. — T. 2. - Kyiv - Bakhchisarai, 2009. - ISBN |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=743237 | Sarayshik district | Sarayshik district is an administrative unit of the city of Astana. Established in 2024. The land area is 6,953 ha.
## History
The new district was established by the resolution and maslikhat of the joint administration of the city of Astana on May 23, 2024. On June 19, the name of the district was approved as Sarayshik.
## Border
from Esil river along Arkar bridge along Sarayshik Street R. In the direction of Koshkarbaev Avenue, along the even numbered side to the main railway, along the main railway in the eastern direction to the city border, along the eastern border of the city in the southern direction to the Esil River, in the western direction along the Saraishik Street along the Esil River to Arkar Bridge.
## Governors
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=743164 | Kiikbai bi Aituganuly | Kiikbai bi Aituganuly is a famous dancer and orator who ruled in the territory of modern West Kazakhstan in the 2nd half of the 18th century and the 1st half of the 19th century.
## What Kiikbai said to Toksan Bi
"Oh, Toksanzhan, Toksanzhan,
I stopped once.
The black stallion is tired,
From the side like clay.
You are coming,
From the heavy swamp.
The black core is in the bladder,
A mare's belly is hanging in the womb.
The soul is coming
It's not far away, it's near", - he said:
Without finishing his words, Toksan must have said: Oh, Kieke, why did you speak in such a tight voice, we were not close friends, we were close friends. Kiikbay:
"I have a big demand from the mountain,
I have a rice paddy to drink,
I have raised food from my hand,
I have food called millet."
## Kiikbai's blessing to Toksan
Poverty and old age,
Human destiny is different.
Oh, Toksanzhan, Toksanzhan,
I stopped one day.
The enemy has come behind the house,
A gray arrow is loaded,
A lonely boy will not dance,
A lonely wooden house will not be.
A true runner will not be in trouble,
Eyebrows are a sign of good,
Do not be depressed if you fall into the enemy.
Your honorable grandfather is a black dance,
A unique dance known to three hundred people.
Your wild father dances again,
He does not see silver, he chooses brass,
Dance on the side that is in pain.
You have three faces in your patience. <>
Burkyldama Burasha,
Don't be a stallion,
Don't look at the cube.
Let your words be like a trap,
Let your coldness be like a shaft.
Take the blood of the mouth of blood,
Take the soul of the unjust.
Do not complain while laughing,
Your words will be wasted.
What you say with attention,
reaches the mind of the intelligent.
Oh, Toksanzhan, Toksanzhan,
Remember this.
Three hundred have a dispute,
There is an enemy called you.
Oh, Toksanzhan, Toksanzhan,
This is our house.
I will tell you just how I am,
I am old, the child is young,
Wealth may be over.
Come back when you come back,
Go feed your grandfather, - he blessed.
## Sources |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=743245 | State Labor Inspection Committee of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Republic of Kazakhstan | The State Labor Inspection Committee of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Republic of Kazakhstan is a department of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Republic of Kazakhstan that performs functions in the field of labor relations, including labor safety and labor protection, employment of the population.
## Responsibilities
* implementation of state policy in the field of labor relations, including labor safety and labor protection, employment of the population within its competence;
* Organization and implementation of state control within its jurisdiction over compliance with labor legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, including labor safety and labor protection requirements, legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of employment.
## Territorial departments
* Departments of the Committee in Almaty, Astana, Shymkent cities and regions
## Sources |