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You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Michael Oher) Michael Jerome Oher ( US : / ɔː r / ; born Michael Jerome Williams Jr. ; May 28 , 1986 ) is an American football offensive tackle who is currently a free agent . He played college football for the University of Mississippi , and was drafted by the Baltimore Ravens in the first round of the 2009 NFL Draft . He has also played for the Tennessee Titans and Carolina Panthers . Document [1](Title: Michael Oher) ruled that Ole Miss had committed no NCAA violations in its recruitment of Oher. Freeze was found guilty of secondary violations for contacting other Memphis-area recruits before joining the Ole Miss staff. Oher started in ten games as a guard during his first season with the Ole Miss Rebels, becoming a first-team freshman All-American. After shifting to the position of left tackle for the 2006 season, he was named to various preseason All-Conference and All-American teams. Oher was named a second-team Southeastern Conference (SEC) offensive lineman after his sophomore season and a first-team SEC offensive lineman after his junior season. Document [2](Title: Robert Geathers) Robert Geathers Robert Lee Geathers, Jr. (born August 11, 1983) is a former American football defensive end. He played college football at the University of Georgia. He was selected by the Bengals in the fourth round of the 2004 NFL Draft. Geathers played his entire professional career for the Bengals and became a regular starter a defensive end in 2005, his second season in the NFL. With the Bengals, Geathers has been known for making sacks and returning recovered fumbles. Geathers has many family members who played football at the college or professional level; his uncle Jumpy Geathers played in Document [3](Title: Danny Baugher) Danny Baugher Erle Daniel Baugher, IV (born January 24, 1984) is a former American football punter. He was signed by the Cincinnati Bengals as an undrafted free agent in 2006. He played college football at Arizona. Baugher was also a member of the New England Patriots, Rhein Fire, Denver Broncos, Las Vegas Locomotives, Atlanta Falcons and Oakland Raiders. Baugher attended the University of Arizona, where he was a finalist for the Ray Guy Award in 2005. Baugher was signed as an undrafted free agent after the 2006 NFL Draft by the Cincinnati Bengals, but was released at the start of Document [4](Title: Michael Thompson (American football)) robbed three guests of the Admiral Benbow Inn at gunpoint. Michael Thompson (American football) Michael Thompson (born February 11, 1977) is a former American football offensive tackle who played in the National Football League. Thompson was drafted in the 4th round of the 2000 NFL Draft by the Atlanta Falcons. Thompson played for the Falcons until being released in 2002. In his career with the Falcons, Thompson played in 4 games, starting just two of them. He played college football at Tennessee State University. On August 31, 2005, the Atlanta Journal-Constitution reported that Thompson had been arrested. He was charged Document [5](Title: Keith Williams (offensive lineman)) Football League (AFL). On January 31, 2017, Williams was assigned to the Cleveland Gladiators. He was placed on reassignment on March 9, 2017. Keith Williams (offensive lineman) Keith Williams (born April 8, 1988) is an American football offensive guard who is currently a free agent. He was drafted by the Steelers in the sixth round of the 2011 NFL Draft. He played college football at Nebraska. Williams attended McCluer North High School, playing both offensive and defensive tackle. In his senior year, he recorded 24 tackles, one sack, and one fumble recovery while leading his team to its second consecutive Document [6](Title: Micheal Williams) for the following two seasons but, due to various injuries, in his final four years with the Wolves he participated in just 35 games (including missing the entire 1996–97 season). On January 21, 1999 Minnesota traded him, along with Željko Rebrača, to the Toronto Raptors in a three-team deal. By then, Williams' career was on the decline, and he only played two games for the Raptors before retiring that year. Michael had a daughter called Holland on April 26th 2002, she now studies at the Coleshill School. At the conclusion of 1992–93, Williams ranked fourth in the league in free-throw Document [7](Title: Mike Teeter) into the Muskegon Area Sports Hall of Fame in 2004. Mike Teeter Michael Lee "Mike" Teeter (born October 4, 1967) is a former American football player. He played college football as a middle guard for the University of Michigan from 1986 to 1989. He played professional football in the National Football League (NFL) as a special teams player for the Houston Oilers in 1993 and 1994. He also played during the spring of 1991 as a defensive lineman for the Frankfurt Galaxy in the World League of American Football and appeared in one game for the Minnesota Vikings in the Question: who did michael oher play for in the nfl Answer:
Tennessee Titans
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Philadelphia 76ers) Philadelphia 76ers 2018 -- 19 Philadelphia 76ers season Conference Eastern Division Atlantic Founded 1946 History Syracuse Nationals 1946 -- 1963 Philadelphia 76ers 1963 -- present Arena Wells Fargo Center Location Philadelphia , Pennsylvania Team colors Blue , red , navy , silver , white Main sponsor StubHub CEO Scott O'Neil General manager Vacant Head coach Brett Brown Ownership Joshua Harris Affiliation ( s ) Delaware Blue Coats Championships 3 ( 1955 , 1967 , 1983 ) Conference titles 9 ( 1950 , 1954 , 1955 , 1967 , 1977 , 1980 , 1982 , 1983 , 2001 ) Division titles 5 ( 1977 , 1978 , 1983 , 1990 , 2001 ) Retired numbers 10 ( 3 , 4 , 6 , 10 , 13 , 15 , 24 , 32 , 34 , MIC ) Website www.nba.com/sixers Uniforms Home Away Third Document [1](Title: Delaware Blue Coats) Delaware Blue Coats The Delaware Blue Coats are an American professional basketball team of the NBA G League. It is an affiliate of the Philadelphia 76ers in the National Basketball Association. The home games were most recently played at the Bob Carpenter Center on the campus of University of Delaware in Newark, Delaware. The team was founded in 2007 as the Utah Flash and served as an affiliate to the Utah Jazz. In April 2013, the 76ers acquired the team and relocated it to Delaware, where it played as the Delaware 87ers (nicknamed the Sevens) until 2018. The 87ers moved Document [2](Title: Philadelphia 76ers) for the organization, including Wilt Chamberlain, Hal Greer, Billy Cunningham, Julius Erving, Moses Malone, Charles Barkley, and Allen Iverson. They have won three NBA championships, with their first coming as the Syracuse Nationals in 1955. The second title came in 1967, a team which was led by Chamberlain. The third title came in 1983, won by a team led by Erving and Malone. The 76ers have only been back to the NBA Finals once since then: in 2001, where they were led by Iverson and lost to the Los Angeles Lakers in five games. In 1946, Italian immigrant Daniel Biasone Document [3](Title: 2001–02 Philadelphia 76ers season) Eastern Conference Finals (Boston won 4-1) 2001–02 Philadelphia 76ers season The 2001–02 NBA season was the 76ers 53rd season in the National Basketball Association, and 39th season in Philadelphia. The 76ers were coming off of an NBA Finals defeat to the Los Angeles Lakers, in which they won Game 1, but lost the next 4 games. During the offseason, the Sixers re-acquired Derrick Coleman from the Charlotte Hornets in a three-team trade, acquired Matt Harpring from the Cleveland Cavaliers and signed free agent Derrick McKey. Having won the Eastern Conference Championship last season, reigning MVP Allen Iverson, Sixth Man Aaron Document [4](Title: 2018–19 Philadelphia 76ers season) 2018–19 Philadelphia 76ers season The 2018–19 Philadelphia 76ers season is the 70th season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). In the 2017–18 season the 76ers were led by Joel Embiid, who played in his first All-Star Game, and 2018 Rookie of The Year Ben Simmons. The team finished third in the Eastern Conference and third in the Atlantic Division with a record of 52–30. Entering the 2018 NBA Draft, the 76ers had two first round picks and four second round pick. Their top selection was previously acquired through a three-way trade involving the Milwaukee Bucks and Phoenix Document [5](Title: Philadelphia 76ers) shortened to "Sixers" in headlines. The shorter name was quickly accepted by the team for marketing purposes, and for most of the last half-century "76ers" and "Sixers" have been officially interchangeable. For their first four years in Philadelphia, the 76ers played mostly at the Philadelphia Arena and Civic Center-Convention Hall, with an occasional game at The Palestra at the University of Pennsylvania. Schayes was named head coach, a post he held for four years (the first as player-coach). In the 1964–65 season, the 76ers acquired the legendary Wilt Chamberlain from the Warriors; Chamberlain had been a high school legend at Document [6](Title: Philadelphia Phillies all-time roster (A)) Philadelphia Phillies all-time roster (A) The Philadelphia Phillies are a Major League Baseball team based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. They are a member of the Eastern Division of Major League Baseball's National League. The team has played officially under two names since beginning play in 1883: the current moniker, as well as the "Quakers", which was used in conjunction with "Phillies" during the team's early history. The team was also known unofficially as the "Blue Jays" during the World War II era. Since the franchise's inception, players have made an appearance in a competitive game for the team, whether as an Document [7](Title: Continental Basketball Association) 1946 to 2009. It billed itself as the "World's Oldest Professional Basketball League", since its founding on April 23, 1946 pre-dated the founding of the National Basketball Association by two months. The league's original name was the Eastern Pennsylvania Basketball League; it fielded six franchises – five in Pennsylvania (Wilkes-Barre, Hazleton, Allentown, Lancaster, and Reading) – with a sixth team in New York (Binghamton, which moved in mid-season to Pottsville, Pennsylvania). In 1948, the league was renamed the Eastern Professional Basketball League. Over the years it would add franchises in several other Pennsylvania cities, including Williamsport, Scranton, and Sunbury, as Question: when was the last time the sixers won a championship Answer:
1983
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Too Close for Comfort) During its second season , the series ' principal stories are focused around Muriel 's pregnancy . Additionally , Henry 's niece April ( Deena Freeman ) comes from Delaware to live with the Rush family . The season concludes with Muriel giving birth to a son , Andrew ( later played regularly by twins William and Michael Cannon from 1983 to 1984 ) . Document [1](Title: The Time of the Angels) than his niece. Just as Muriel is about to leave the rectory to stay with Norah Shadox-Brown, she goes to her father's room and finds that he has taken an overdose of pills and is dying. He has received a letter from Pattie, disclosing that both Pattie and Muriel know the truth about Carel's incestuous relationship with Elizabeth. Muriel takes no action to forestall his suicide attempt and he dies. After his death Muriel and Elizabeth go to live together in London, while Pattie goes to Africa to work in a refugee camp, and the rectory and church tower are Document [2](Title: Ross Barton) a "Who's the daddy?" storyline in 2015 where it was a revealed after months of speculation that Ross was the father of Charity Dingle (Emma Atkins) baby Moses. Speaking about the twist, Parr, said: "I was chuffed to bits. I like working with kids and I have got a good relationship with Amelia, who plays April. I've got little sisters and I have always grown up around children. I got told that it was going to be a mystery and I had to keep my mouth zipped up. It has been good - a lot of people have guessed but Document [3](Title: Abigail Deveraux) for their relationship," which makes them stronger. The onscreen pairing of Chad and Abigail became very popular among fans and garnered the squish name, "Chabby". Jamey Giddens enjoyed Abigail and Chad's new dynamic displayed in their snooping around Cameron. Giddens said that while he wasn't a fan of their initial romance, "Abby and Chad’s scenes were fun, and made me wish I could see more." Born onscreen in 1992, Abigail Johanna Deveraux is the oldest child of supercouple Jack Deveraux (Matthew Ashford) and Jennifer Horton (Melissa Reeves). She is born in the Horton cabin, with her own father delivering her. Document [4](Title: Dirty Dancing (2017 film)) Baby's father. Billy Dee Williams as Tito, the band leader, Shane Harper as Robbie, joined the cast of the movie alongside Beau “Casper” Smart and J. Quinton Johnson. Later that month, Trevor Einhorn was tapped to play Neil Kellerman. In April 2016, Katey Sagal and Tony Roberts were respectively cast as Vivian Pressman and Max Kellerman. Filming was based in Hendersonville, North Carolina. Most of the filming locations were across western North Carolina including Hendersonville Asheville, Cashiers and Saluda, with filming taking place in April and May 2016. People living in the Hendersonville area served as crew members, extras and Document [5](Title: Ripper Street) Buring), who came to London with Jackson from America and lets him reside at the brothel. Their relationship becomes strained due to Jackson's attraction to one of her most profitable girls, Rose Erskine (Charlene McKenna), and because of his close involvement with Reid and H Division. Reid and his wife Emily (Amanda Hale) only have one daughter, Mathilda, who was lost and presumed deceased, some months before the series begins, in a river accident during the hunt for the Ripper. The newspaper reporter, Fred Best (David Dawson), knows a dark secret about her death. Although still troubled, and despite her Document [6](Title: The Baby (film)) reveals that she has a special interest the family's youngest member—a seemingly mentally impaired adult man in his 20s who does not have a name and is called only "Baby." Mrs. Wadsworth has been extremely overprotective of him ever since his father left shortly after his birth, she will not let another caregiver interfere. The family's life revolves around Baby's care, and they are dependent upon Baby's disability payments as their main source of income. Ann wants to work with Baby, who still acts and is treated like an infant by his mother and two sisters, thinking that with the Document [7](Title: Oliver Twist (1982 TV film)) for her birth. With some difficulty, the unnamed woman gives birth to a baby boy (played by Joseph Shiner), with the assistance of a midwife, known as Mrs. Corney (Anne Tirard). The woman, barely able to speak, asks to see her son. When he is given to her, she smiles weakly at him and kisses the baby's forehead before she collapses and dies. Witnessing the woman's birth is Mr. Bumble (Timothy West), a hard-nosed man in charge of the local orphans workhouse. With no information on the mother's identity, he gives the boy the name Oliver Twist. Like the other Question: who played april on too close for comfort Answer:
Deena Freeman
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: The Quarterback (Glee)) '' The Quarterback '' is the third episode of the fifth season of the American musical television series Glee , and the ninety - first episode overall . Written by all three of the show 's creators -- Ryan Murphy , Brad Falchuk and Ian Brennan -- and directed by Falchuk , it first aired on Fox in the United States on October 10 , 2013 . The episode features the death of character Finn Hudson , and a tribute to Finn and to actor Cory Monteith , who played Finn starting with the show 's pilot , and who died on July 13 , 2013 . The episode 's plot centers on the impact Finn 's death has on the characters , specifically Kurt Hummel ( Chris Colfer ) , Will Schuester ( Matthew Morrison ) , Santana Lopez ( Naya Rivera ) , Noah Puckerman ( Mark Salling ) , and Rachel Berry ( Lea Michele ) . Document [1](Title: Puck (Glee)) him she wants to be alone, though she moves in with Puck's family since her parents had kicked her out and she can no longer stay at Finn’s house. In the episode "Laryngitis", when Puck's mohawk is shaved off by his doctor, he finds the other McKinley students no longer respect him as a badass. He romances fellow glee club member Mercedes, once a popular cheerleader, to restore his status. His plan is successful, but he and Mercedes ultimately have nothing in common, and split when she quits cheerleading and he returns to his bullying ways. In the first-season finale, Document [2](Title: Extraordinary Merry Christmas) with more food and some presents. The glee club sings "Do They Know It's Christmas?" for the people there. Back at McKinley, Rachel has a change of heart and names Finn's gift sow "Barbra". Finn does give her the earrings she wanted, but she ultimately returns them and he returns the iPod she gave him: they donate the money to the Salvation Army kettle manned by Sam and Rory, and stay to help. The episode is the directorial debut of "Glee" star Matthew Morrison, who plays Will Schuester. He announced that he would be directing an episode "during an acoustic Document [3](Title: Yes/No (Glee)) Yes/No (Glee) "Yes/No" is the tenth episode of the third season of the American musical television series "Glee", and the fifty-fourth overall. Written by Brad Falchuk and directed by Eric Stoltz, the episode aired on Fox in the United States on January 17, 2012. It contains the revelation of an elopement, and two marriage proposals, including the proposal by Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison) to Emma Pillsbury (Jayma Mays). Reviews were mixed for the episode. While Will's actual proposal to Emma was received with more favor than not, the scene where Will asks Finn (Cory Monteith) to be his best man Document [4](Title: Puck (Glee)) later starts dating Kitty (Becca Tobin) in order to keep her away from Jake and spoiling his budding relationship with Marley, though Puck and she break up when he moves into Finn's dorm room at the college Finn has just started attending, even though Puck is not enrolled there. He appears less frequently this season, despite still being credited as a series regular. Puck makes infrequent guest appearances this season. Puck is devastated by Finn's death. In "The Quarterback", three weeks after the funeral, he steals a memorial tree planted for Finn and demands that Kurt, Finn's stepbrother, give him Document [5](Title: American Horror Story: Murder House) on Airbnb for six months, beginning February 2016, before being unlisted. Due to a "very aggressive" production schedule and the series' pilot shoot having to wait for co-creators Ryan Murphy and Brad Falchuk's other show, "Glee", to wrap its second season production, it was announced that the show's first-season finale, the thirteenth episode, would be thirty minutes shorter than planned. Finally, the thirteenth episode was dropped and they made the twelfth episode 10 minutes longer (52 minutes). The finale aired on December 21, 2011. The opening title sequence was created by Kyle Cooper and his company Prologue. He also created Document [6](Title: The Glee Project) August 14, 2012. In July 2013, it was announced that "The Glee Project" would not return for a third season. "Glee" executive producers Ryan Murphy and Dante Di Loreto executive produced for "The Glee Project". "Glee" casting director, Robert Ulrich, was casting director for the project, while "Glee" on-screen non-speaking accompanist, Brad Ellis, helping Ulrich coach 80 potential candidates as seen in the music segment of "The Top 12" special that led into the pilot episode of season 1. Each episode of "The Glee Project" is given an overall theme and covers events that have taken place in about the Document [7](Title: Britney/Brittany) Britney/Brittany "Britney/Brittany" is the second episode of the second season of the American television series "Glee", and the twenty-fourth episode overall. Written and directed by series creator Ryan Murphy, it premiered on the Fox network on September 28, 2010, and pays tribute to Britney Spears. Glee club member Brittany S. Pierce (Heather Morris) experiences an anesthesia-induced hallucination in which she recreates iconic Spears moments, and comes to self-realization, and several club members follow suit. Co-captains Rachel (Lea Michele) and Finn (Cory Monteith) experience difficulties in their relationship, and club director Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison) becomes jealous of guidance counselor Emma Question: which episode of glee does finn die in Answer:
The Quarterback
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: May 31) May 31 in recent years 2018 ( Thursday ) 2017 ( Wednesday ) 2016 ( Tuesday ) 2015 ( Sunday ) 2014 ( Saturday ) 2013 ( Friday ) 2012 ( Thursday ) 2011 ( Tuesday ) 2010 ( Monday ) 2009 ( Sunday ) Document [1](Title: Public holidays in South Africa) Date Name Instituted 1 January New Year 's Day 1910 21 March Human Rights Day The Friday before Easter Sunday Good Friday 1910 The Monday following Easter Sunday Family Day 1980 27 April Freedom Day 1 May Workers ' Day 1910 16 June Youth Day 1995 9 August National Women 's Day 1995 24 September Heritage Day 1995 16 December Day of Reconciliation 1995 25 December Christmas Day 1910 26 December Day of Goodwill ( formerly Boxing Day ) 1910 Document [2](Title: Paralympic results index) 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 Document [3](Title: Determination of the day of the week) 10 months corresponds to the 2012 calendar year. On the other hand, 2019 is a common year starting on Tuesday, meaning that 2019 corresponds to the 2013 calendar year. 2020 is a leap year starting on Wednesday, meaning that 2020 corresponds to the 1992 calendar year, meaning that the first two months of the year begin on the same day as they do in 2014 (i.e. January 1 is a Wednesday and February 1 is a Saturday) but because of a leap day the last ten months correspond to the last ten months in 2015 (i.e. March 1 is a Document [4](Title: BoJack Horseman) Season Episodes Originally released 12 August 22 , 2014 Special December 19 , 2014 12 July 17 , 2015 12 July 22 , 2016 12 September 8 , 2017 Document [5](Title: List of Attack on Titan episodes) Season Episodes Originally aired First aired Last aired 25 April 7 , 2013 ( 2013 - 04 - 07 ) September 29 , 2013 ( 2013 - 09 - 29 ) 12 April 1 , 2017 ( 2017 - 04 - 01 ) June 17 , 2017 ( 2017 - 06 - 17 ) 12 July 23 , 2018 ( 2018 - 07 - 23 ) TBA Document [6](Title: 2018–19 Coupe de France Preliminary Rounds) 2018. These matches were played on 29 and 30 September 2018. These matches were played on 28, 29 and 30 September 2018. These matches were played on 29 and 30 September 2018, with one tie re-arranged for 7 October 2018. These matches were played on 29 and 30 September 2018. These matches were played on 29 and 30 September 2018. These matches were played on 29 and 30 September 2018. These matches were played on 21, 22, 23 and 25 September 2018. These matches were played on 22 September 2018. These matches were played on 19 and 20 October 2018. Document [7](Title: Doomsday rule) it is 58 times each on Tuesday, Thursday and Sunday, etc. 29 February is doomsday of a leap year, so it is 15 times each on Monday and Wednesday, etc. Regarding the frequency of doomsdays in a Julian 28-year cycle, there are 1 leap year and 3 common years for every weekday, the latter 6, 17 and 23 years after the former (so with intervals of 6, 11, 6, and 5 years; not evenly distributed because after 12 years the day is skipped in the sequence of doomsdays). The same cycle applies for any given date from 1 March falling Question: may 31 2018 is what day of the year Answer:
Thursday
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Newton Pittman) Newton Brandburn Pittman ( born August 29 , 1976 ) is an American voice actor working for Funimation , best known for playing Zwei in Phantom ~ Requiem for the Phantom , Panties in Eden of the East , and Gray Fullbuster in Fairy Tail . Pittman lived in New York City for eight years , before returning to the Dallas - Fort Worth Metroplex area . Document [1](Title: Todd Haberkorn) Todd Michael Haberkorn ( born August 16 , 1982 ) is an American voice actor and director . He has provided voices for a number of English - language versions of Japanese anime series , as well as video games and cartoons . While he was working in theater , he joined Funimation as a voice actor , with some minor bits in Black Cat and Peach Girl . Since then he has voiced many main characters including Yamato Akitsuki in Suzuka , Kimihiro Watanuki in xxxHolic , and Tsukune Aono in Rosario + Vampire , Death The Kid in Soul Eater , Allen Walker in D. Gray - man , and Natsu Dragneel in Fairy Tail . He has worked in Texas and California as an actor , director , producer , and writer . Document [2](Title: Love Never Dies (musical)) that the title would be "Love Never Dies". In other workshop readings, Raoul and Christine were played by Aaron Lazar and Elena Shaddow. On 3 July 2009, Lloyd Webber announced that Karimloo (who had played the Phantom in the West End) and Sierra Boggess (who had originated the role of Christine in "Phantom – The Las Vegas Spectacular") had been cast as the Phantom and Christine and that the role of Meg Giry would be played by Summer Strallen, Madame Giry by Liz Robertson, and Raoul by Joseph Millson. "I'd Do Anything" finalist Niamh Perry was given the role of Document [3](Title: Portrayal of East Asians in American film and theater) whitening make-up. There were others pioneering East Asian-American actors like Benson Fong (who played the Number Three son in the Charlie Chan films), Victor Sen Yung (who played the Number Two son in the Charlie Chan films), Richard Loo (who also played many Japanese villain roles), Lotus Long (known for her role as Lin Wen opposite Keye Luke in the "Phantom of Chinatown"), Suzanna Kim, Barbara Jean Wong, Fely Franquelli, Chester Gan, Honorable Wu, Kam Tong, Layne Tom Jr., Maurice Liu, Rudy Robles, Teru Shimada, Willie Fung, Toshia Mori and Wing Foo; all began their film careers in the 1930s Document [4](Title: Jerry Grandenetti) of the wash medium but whatever the case, he produced brilliant work at Warren in the late 1960s and early 1970s". Warren would later reprint his youthful inking and background work for Will Eisner with the magazine series "The Spirit". Grandenetti was profiled in "Creepy" #42, and a self-portrait ran in "Vampirella" #16. Concurrently, for DC, Grandenetti succeeded Neal Adams on the 1960s run of DC's supernatural spirit of vengeance the Spectre, drawing issues #6–10 (Oct. 1966 – June 1969). Grandenetti also helped revive the 1940s DC character the Phantom Stranger, drawing the lead story in his return appearance in Document [5](Title: Billy Zane) tricks from other magicians. In 1996, Zane played the eponymous classic comic book hero in the big budget action film "The Phantom", based on Lee Falk's comic. Zane played the snobbish millionaire misanthrope Caledon Hockley in James Cameron's 1997 blockbuster "Titanic". This role as Rose's (played by Kate Winslet) fiancé earned him an MTV Movie Award nomination for "Best Villain" and a Blockbuster Entertainment Award. He was also nominated for a SAG award. In 1998, he starred in and produced "I Woke Up Early the Day I Died", a silent film based on Ed Wood's last script, intended as a Document [6](Title: Kevin Gray (actor)) Kevin Gray (actor) Kevin Gray (February 25, 1958 – February 11, 2013) was an American actor who worked primarily in musical theater. Gray, a graduate of Duke University, played Kayama in the 1985 Broadway revival of Stephen Sondheim's "Pacific Overtures". He was the youngest actor to play the title role in "The Phantom of the Opera" on Broadway and in the U.S. national tour, and received The Carbonell Award for his portrayal. Gray played the King of Siam in the 1996 Broadway revival of "The King and I", and in the UK touring production. He played Pontius Pilate in the Document [7](Title: Ben 10 (2005 TV series)) such as The Limax, Six Six, Acid Breath, and the character Elsgood. Baker also notable for voicing many various characters and aliens. Richard Steven Horvitz voices Ben's Grey Matter transformation and the villain Sublimino. Richard McGonagle voices Ben's Four Arms transformation, and the villain Exo-Skull. Fred Tatasciore voices Ben's aliens Ripjaws, Cannonbolt, and Way Big, Tatasciore also voices a future version of Ben in "Ben 10,000". And Jim Ward voices the transformations Diamondhead, XLR8, and Wildvine, and the character Gordon Tennyson. Two "Ben 10" films have been released at different times during 2007 and 2008. The first is a regular Question: who voices gray in fairy tail english dub Answer:
Newton Brandburn Pittman
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Bajirao Mastani) Ayush Tandon as Nana Saheb Document [1](Title: Pyaar Ka Dard Hai Meetha Meetha Pyaara Pyaara) have done this from the fear of society. Ayesha leaves to pursue her dream to become a designer, Anisha naniji also accompanies her. They have also showed that Avantika had an affair when Harish had left her and her other son, Ayush, comes to live with the Deewan family. With some turn of events, Harish accepts Ayush as his son which includes Avantika going to New York. The show ends by showing that Pankhuri is pregnant, and with Puroshottam Deewan enlightening on the concept of a family. Sahil is unemployed guy from a very poor family, who has been facing Document [2](Title: Tansen (film)) film based on the life of Tansen would be directed by Satish Kaushik. Tansen becomes orphan at a very young age and lives with his paternal uncle. He goes to a music teacher to learn music and returns to his native village after many years of training. In the village, the shepherdess Tani is considered a gifted singer, and Tansen falls in love with her. Tani rescues an elephant and Tansen tames it by his singing. This captures the attention of Raja Ramchandra, of Rewa State. He becomes Tansen's friend. At the same time in Agra, the Mughal emperor Akbar Document [3](Title: Yahan Ke Hum Sikandar) Samuel (Tom Alter), a British who did not leave India after independence, teaches History to students in school and helps students as their guide. Ali (Saksham Dayma) helps his father in his metal welding shop due to financial condition of his family. He studies in school and wants to excel in boxing. Aisha (Anu Nain), a girl from middle class family, wants to make her career in Badminton. Radhey (Dhruv Raj Sharma) is her happy-go-lucky friend. He likes Suhani (Tanvi Chaturvedi), a upper class girl studying in Sunshine Public School, an English medium school; and follows her frequently. Sameer (Punit Document [4](Title: Mata (film)) hymns, "Asathoma Sadgamaya", which signifies the light in all directions. Tabla Nani as Venugopala nickname packet, Sudheendra as Chintamani, Shashidhar Bhat as Shashidhar bhat, Mandya Ramesh as Mandya Nagesh, Vaijanath Biradar as Kosta alias Sidda and Jaggesh as Venkatesha take the film on their shoulders. It is a great master piece that has every essence from crisp dialogues to a meaningful and soul stirring script. The characters are neglected by the society, their quest for a societal status and food drives them to do all kinds of things to just remain in the training period as they want to avoid Document [5](Title: Jeeo Shaan Se) his lustful activities. But his old habit returns in the company of his friend Govinda. Govinda, on the other hand is attracted to Sapna, but she turns out to be different from others of his abused girls and does not give in to his sexual advances. Instead, he falls in love with Anamika (Shiba), only to find later that she is a whore. Enter another character, Gopala (Ayub Khan), who is also a friend of Govinda and Kishan, and loves Kiran (Monica Bedi), but she does not consider him to be her ideal partner. The story then takes a serious Document [6](Title: Ramayya Vasthavayya) starts with Nagabhushanam (Mukesh Rishi) arranging his daughtet's marriage but two men (Ajay and Bharani) try to kill him. He manages to escape. The film shifts to Hyderabad where Nandu a Jovial student lives with his parents (Tanikella Bharani) and (Pragathi). He falls for Akarsha (Samantha Akkineni) who gets irritated by him. He gets her college address by his new topper neighbour Asha Jyothi (Vidyullekha Raman) by blackmailing her. As his plan fails, he gets closer to her grandmother Baby Shalini (Rohini Hattangadi). Akarsha slowly starts to fall for him. Four of them leave to Akarsha's sister's marriage who is Document [7](Title: Boogiepop Returns: VS Imaginator Part 1) at Taniguchi instead. One day, he convinced a group of younger students to threaten Taniguchi, and watches on from the shadows. At no point did things go according to his plan, especially not when some man suddenly appears and quickly defeats the other students. Anou watches with disgust as the relationship between Taniguchi and Orihata develops. Hearing rumours about Orihata's frivolous attitude towards men, Anou tries to prove them, so as to break up her relationship with Taniguchi. Unfortunately, all he learns is that she lives like clockwork, and makes no effort to enjoy life. Anou is found by Spooky Question: who is nana saheb in bajirao mastani movie Answer:
Ayush Tandon
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: United States at the Olympics) Games Host city Dates Nations Participants Events 1904 Summer Olympics St. Louis , Missouri 1 July -- 23 November 12 651 91 1932 Winter Olympics Lake Placid , New York 7 -- 15 February 17 252 14 1932 Summer Olympics Los Angeles , California 30 July -- 14 August 37 1,332 117 1960 Winter Olympics Squaw Valley , California 2 -- 20 February 30 665 27 1980 Winter Olympics Lake Placid , New York 13 -- 24 February 37 1,072 38 1984 Summer Olympics Los Angeles , California 28 July -- 12 August 140 6,829 221 1996 Summer Olympics Atlanta , Georgia 19 July -- 4 August 197 10,318 271 2002 Winter Olympics Salt Lake City , Utah 8 -- 24 February 77 2,399 78 2028 Summer Olympics Los Angeles , California 21 July - 6 August TBA TBA TBA Document [1](Title: List of Olympic Games host cities) List of cities that hosted multiple editions of the Olympic Games City Country Continent Summer Olympics Winter Olympics Total London United Kingdom Europe 3 ( 1908 , 1948 , 2012 ) 0 Paris France Europe 3 ( 1900 , 1924 , 2024 ) 0 Los Angeles United States North America 3 ( 1932 , 1984 , 2028 ) 0 Athens Greece Europe 2 ( 1896 , 2004 ) 0 Tokyo Japan Asia 2 ( 1964 , 2020 ) 0 Beijing China Asia 1 ( 2008 ) 1 ( 2022 ) St. Moritz Switzerland Europe 0 2 ( 1928 , 1948 ) Innsbruck Austria Europe 0 2 ( 1964 , 1976 ) Lake Placid United States North America 0 2 ( 1932 , 1980 ) Document [2](Title: Bids for the 2016 Summer Olympics) Chicago, which was the first to be eliminated from the final 4, as well as the strong showing of Madrid, who was the last contender against Rio. Bids for the 2016 Summer Olympics Seven cities submitted bids for 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics on September 13, 2007, aiming to host the "Games of the XXXI Olympiad". All of them were recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) on September 14, 2007, becoming Applicant cities. Although several cities submitted to be in consideration to host the 2016 Olympics, including New York City and Los Angeles, on June 4, 2008, the IOC Document [3](Title: Colonialism and the Olympic Games) lands; and neglect and/or intensification of poor social conditions for indigenous peoples. Such practices have been observed at: the 1904 Summer Olympics in St. Louis, MO; the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec; the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, Alberta; the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China; the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, BC; the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, England; the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Krasnodar Krai and the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing, China. The 1904 Summer Olympics in St. Louis, Missouri were held in conjunction with the Louisiana Purchase Exposition (also known as the St. Louis Document [4](Title: Olympiad) the ancients did. Each ancient Olympic year overlapped onto two of our modern reckoning of BC or AD years, from midsummer to midsummer. Example: Olympiad 140, year 1 = 220/219 BC; year 2 = 219/218 BC; year 3 = 218/217 BC; year 4 = 217/216 BC. Therefore, the games would have been held in July/August of 220 BC and held the next time in July/August of 216 BC, after four olympic years had been completed. The sophist Hippias was the first writer to publish a list of victors of the Olympic Games, and by the time of Eratosthenes, it was Document [5](Title: 1904 Summer Olympics) the fact that very few top ranked athletes from outside the US and Canada took part in these Games. Only 62 of the 651 athletes who competed came from outside North America, and only 12–15 nations were represented in all. Some events combined the U.S. national championship with the Olympic championship. The city of Chicago, Illinois won the bid to host the 1904 Summer Olympics, but the organizers of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis would not accept another international event in the same time frame. The exposition organization began to plan for its own sports activities, informing the Document [6](Title: 1904 Summer Olympics) 1904 Summer Olympics The 1904 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the III Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in St. Louis, Missouri, United States from August 29 until September 3, 1904, as part of an extended sports program lasting from July 1 to November 23, 1904, at what is now known as Francis Field on the campus of Washington University in St. Louis. It was the first time that the Olympic Games were held outside Europe. Tensions caused by the Russo–Japanese War and the difficulty of getting to St. Louis may have contributed to Document [7](Title: 1960 Winter Olympics) the number of athletes each country sent. <noinclude> Below is a list of nations that won medals at the Games: ‡ Since there was a tie in the men's 1,500 meter speed skating race (like in 1956), two gold medals and no silver medals were awarded. Notes Citations 1960 Winter Olympics The 1960 Winter Olympics, officially known as the VIII Olympic Winter Games, was a winter multi-sport event held between February 18–28, 1960 in Squaw Valley, California, United States. Squaw Valley was chosen to host the Games at the 1956 meeting of the International Olympic Committee (IOC). It was an Question: when was the last time the united states hosted the olympics Answer:
2002
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: List of Kung Fu Panda characters) Master Shifu ( Chinese for '' Master '' ) is a wise and swift - moving red panda Kung Fu Master who resides in the Jade Palace as its headmaster , known to have trained Po and the Furious Five in Kung Fu , as well as Tai Lung . Document [1](Title: Po (Kung Fu Panda)) and teaching children martial arts. The latter duty has shown Po to be exceptionally skilled in teaching its intellectual side. Po has also improved his physical health, when he runs alongside Shifu at an amazing pace and upon stopping, needs much less time than before to catch his breath. Master Po is appointed host of the Kung Fu masters' Winter Feast at the Jade Palace. Although Po successfully makes the arrangements with considerable difficulty, he decides being with his father for the holiday is more important and joins him at the restaurant. However, all the masters, deeply moved by Po's Document [2](Title: Kung Fu Panda Holiday) Kung Fu masters of China attend, insisting on the perfection of the event. Although excited, Po also wishes to spend the holiday with his father Mr. Ping (James Hong), and rejects the finest chefs in China in an attempt to have him cater the event. However, Mr. Ping believes Po is more concerned with his duties as the Dragon Warrior, and adamantly remains at his restaurant to feed the townsfolk who have nowhere else to eat for the holiday. Guilt-ridden, Po tries to cook the banquet by himself, but is quickly overwhelmed by the myriad responsibilities that come with it, Document [3](Title: Kung Fu Panda 3) stolen, but warns Kai that the Dragon Warrior, Po, will stop him. Kai takes this as a challenge to steal the Dragon Warrior's chi and returns to the mortal realm. Meanwhile, Master Shifu announces his retirement from teaching and passes the role of teacher to Po. An initially excited Po realizes that teaching kung fu is not as easy as anticipated, and the Furious Five are injured as a result. Po is demoralized because of his failure, but Shifu advises Po that instead of trying to be a teacher, he should try to be himself. Po returns home where he Document [4](Title: Opium and the Kung-Fu Master) Opium and the Kung-Fu Master Opium and the Kung-Fu Master is a 1984 Hong Kong martial arts film directed by Tang Chia, who also serves as one of the film's action directors, and stars Ti Lung as the titular protagonist. Master Tie Qiao San (Ti Lung), the leader of the Ten Tigers of Canton, is the chief coach of China's militia. At that time, the opium ban was in use, but public sale of opium was widely available. Many bureaucrats were taking opium, a trend that Tie followed. As Tie takes opium, his physical skills were declining. Seeing how Tie's Document [5](Title: Shi Yan Xu) physical wellness through traditional medicine. Shi Yan Xu Shi Yanxu is the director of Shaolin Temple Cultural Center in Los Angeles. Yanxu started his monastic life in childhood with extensive Chan meditation and Shaolin Kung Fu training under Abbot Shi YongXin at China’s Songshan Shaolin Temple. He was appointed the head instructor of Shaolin martial monks in 2004-2005 and has been the personal aid of the Abbot before he came to the United States. Shi Yanxu is a master of the Shaolin Arts---an integrated system of Chan Buddhism, Martial Arts and Medicine. He has gained insights to the scriptures and Document [6](Title: Po (Kung Fu Panda)) have been split when he gets infected by the Mystical Mirror of Yin and Yang. Bad Po blames Good Po for his bad deeds and when one panda gets hurt, the other feels the same. In the end, Good Po makes Bad Po look in the mirror and both pandas are rejoined. As Po grew into his teenage years with a lack of focus and of his father's skill in cooking, which later led to Shifu getting food poisoning after Po prepared a meal for the Jade Palace while his father was away on business. Afterwards, Po began to consider Document [7](Title: Yuan Shikai) 1993. Like many Chinese men before 1949, Yuan used and was referred to by many different names. His courtesy name was "Weiting" (Wade-Giles spelling: Wei-ting; ), and he used the pseudonym "Rong'an" (Wade-Giles spelling: Jung-an; ). He was sometimes referred to by the name of his birthplace, "Xiangcheng" (), or by a title for tutors of the crown prince, "Kung-pao" (). Yuan Shikai Yuan Shikai (; 16 September 1859 – 6 June 1916) was a Chinese military and government official who rose to power during the late Qing dynasty, and tried to save the dynasty with a number of modernization Question: which animal is featured as master shifu in computer animated film kung fu panda Answer:
red panda
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Jehoash of Judah) Jehoash ( Hebrew : יְהֹואָשׁ , Yəhôʾāš ; '' Jehovah - given '' ; Greek : Ιωας ; Latin : Joas ) , also known as Joash ( in King James Version ) , Joas ( in Douay -- Rheims ) or Joás ( Hebrew : יֹואָשׁ , Yôʾāš ) , was a king of Judah , and the sole surviving son of Ahaziah after the massacre of the royal family ordered by his grandmother , Athaliah . He was also the first Judahite king to be descended from both the House of David and the House of Omri , through his paternal grandmother and predecessor , Athaliah . His mother was Zibiah of Beersheba . Jehoash was 7 years old when his reign began , and he reigned for 40 years . ( 2 Kings 12 : 1 , 2 Chronicles 24 : 1 ) He was succeeded by his son , Amaziah of Judah . He is said to have been righteous '' all the days of Jehoiada the priest '' ( 2 Chronicles 24 : 2 ) . Document [1](Title: Jehoash of Judah) Jehoash of Judah Jehoash (; ; ), also known as Joash (in King James Version), Joas (in Douay–Rheims) or Joás (), was a king of Judah, and the sole surviving son of Ahaziah after the massacre of the royal family ordered by his grandmother, Athaliah. His mother was Zibiah of Beersheba. Jehoash was 7 years old when his reign began, and he reigned for 40 years. (,) He was succeeded by his son, Amaziah of Judah. He is said to have been righteous "all the days of Jehoiada the priest" (). William F. Albright has dated his reign to 837–800 Document [2](Title: Seraiah) Seraiah Seraiah or Sraya (שְׂרָיָה "Soldier/Prince of/is the LORD", Standard Hebrew Səraya, Tiberian Hebrew Śərāyāh) is the name of several people mentioned in the Hebrew Bible: (2 Samuel 8:17). Contemporary of Zedekiah. He was later carried captive by Nebuchadnezzar to Babylon, and there put to death (2 Kings 25:18) (Jer. 40:8), one of the officials who survived the defeat and exile of Judea, a Netophathite(2 Kings 25:23). Also son of Kenaz (1 Chronicles 4:13, 14). It is unlikely that this Joab is the son of Tsruiah, King David's sister, because the Seraiah mentioned in the Book of Chronicles was the Document [3](Title: Zeruiah) Zeruiah Zeruiah (, צרויה, sometimes transliterated Tzruya or Zeruya) is a figure mentioned in the book of Samuel 2. She was a sister of King David. According to both and the Babylonian Talmud, Zeruiah was a daughter of Jesse and sister of Abigail, to whom reference is also made at . Zeruiah had three sons, Abishai, Joab, and Asahel, David's nephews, all of whom were soldiers in David's army. Very little is told of her. However, her sons are invariably mentioned with the matronymic "son of Zeruiah", in marked contrast to most other Biblical characters (and people in many other Document [4](Title: Jebusite) class (i.e., a Hurrian warrior-class elite). Moreover, the last Jebusite king of Jerusalem, Araunah/Awarna/Arawna (or Ornan), bore a name generally understood as based on the Hurrian honorific "ewir". Richard Hess (1997:34–6) points to four Hurrian names in the Bible's Conquest narrative: Piram (king of Jarmuth) and Hoham (king of Hebron) (Jos 10:3), Sheshai and Talmai, sons of Anak (Jos 15:14) with Hurrian-based names. The Hebrew Bible describes the Jebusites as dwelling in the mountains besides Jerusalem. In Exodus, the 'good and large land, flowing with milk and honey' which was promised to Moses as the future home of the oppressed Document [5](Title: Davidic dynasty in Bible prophecy) Davidic dynasty in Bible prophecy In Bible prophecy, several verses relate to the future of the Davidic line. Christians argue that Jesus fulfills these prophecies, while skeptics and Jews disagree. After Zedekiah, the last king of Judah was forced out by Nebuchadnezzar in the siege of Jerusalem (Jeremiah 32:4-5), the says: 'David will never fail to have a man to sit on the throne of the house of Israel...'"(Jeremiah 33:17) Jehoiachin was placed in a position of authority during Babylonian exile at the end of 2 Kings. He was called king under exile in several Babylonian food-rationing lists. Jeremiah prophesied Document [6](Title: History of Jerusalem) captivity, along with prominent members of Judah. The Babylonians then burnt the temple, destroyed the city's walls, and appointed Gedaliah son of Achikam as governor of Judah. After 52 days of rule, Yishmael, son of Netaniah, a surviving descendant of Zedekiah, assassinated Gedaliah after encouragement by Baalis, the king of Ammon. Some of the remaining population of Judah, fearing the vengeance of Nebuchadnezzar, fled to Egypt. According to the Bible, and perhaps corroborated by the Cyrus Cylinder, after several decades of captivity in Babylon and the Achaemenid conquest of Babylonia, Cyrus II of Persia allowed the Jews to return to Document [7](Title: Seraiah) brother of Othniel, the nephew of Caleb, who lived centuries earlier. 1 Chronicles 4:13, Joshua 15:17. Also father of Joshibiah and son of Asiel (1 Chr. 4:35). Ezra 2:2, (Neh. 12:1, 12). (Nehemiah 11:11). Son of Azriel (Jer. 36:26) The son of Neriah. When Zedekiah made a journey to Babylon to do homage to Nebuchadnezzar, Seraiah had charge of the royal gifts to be presented on that occasion. Jeremiah took advantage of the occasion, and sent with Seraiah a word of cheer to the exiles in Babylon, and an announcement of the doom in store for that guilty city. The Question: who became king at age 7 in the bible Answer:
Jehoash
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Battle of Midway) The Battle of Midway was a decisive naval battle in the Pacific Theater of World War II which occurred between 4 and 7 June 1942 , only six months after Japan 's attack on Pearl Harbor and one month after the Battle of the Coral Sea . The United States Navy under Admirals Chester Nimitz , Frank Jack Fletcher , and Raymond A. Spruance defeated an attacking fleet of the Imperial Japanese Navy under Admirals Isoroku Yamamoto , Chuichi Nagumo , and Nobutake Kondo near Midway Atoll , inflicting devastating damage on the Japanese fleet that proved irreparable . Military historian John Keegan called it '' the most stunning and decisive blow in the history of naval warfare . '' Document [1](Title: 1st Air Fleet (Imperial Japanese Navy)) by attacking the Midway Islands in June 1942. The Japanese were unaware that the United States had broken their naval code. As a result of this, USN carriers were already in the area when the Japanese attacked Midway. On 3 June US land-based bombers from Midway attacked the Japanese fleet but scored no hits. On 4 June, due to the poor reconnaissance efforts and tactical mistakes of Vice Admiral Chūichi Nagumo, USN dive bombers were able to surprise the Japanese carrier force and destroyed three carriers ("Akagi", "Kaga" and "Sōryū"). At the time of the attack the Japanese carriers were Document [2](Title: Isoroku Yamamoto) withdrew to the east in a position to further defend Midway Island, believing (based on a mistaken submarine report) the Japanese still intended to invade. Not knowing several battleships, including the powerful , were on the Japanese order of battle, he did not comprehend the severe risk of a night surface battle, in which his carriers and cruisers would be at a disadvantage. However, his move to the east did avoid the possibility of such a battle taking place. Correctly perceiving he had lost and could not bring surface forces into action, Yamamoto aborted the invasion of Midway and withdrew. Document [3](Title: SCR-270) capabilities of the air defense assets they had, and how vital radar was to those defenses. The vulnerability was well demonstrated in war games- in particular those of United States Navy Fleet Problem IX that annihilated the locks on the Panama canal, and Fleet Problem XIII, when the Pearl Harbor fleet was destroyed in a mock attack by 150 planes in 1932. At Midway Island in June 1942, an SCR-270 antenna and shack were located at the western end of Sand Island . During the Battle of Midway, this radar was used to warn the island of incoming Japanese air Document [4](Title: Japanese aircraft carrier Hiryū) Airfield, near Saiki, Ōita, and conducted flight and weapons training with the other First Air Fleet carrier units. Concerned by the US carrier strikes in the Marshall Islands, Lae-Salamaua, and the Doolittle raids, Yamamoto was determined to force the US Navy into a showdown to eliminate the American carrier threat. He decided to invade and occupy Midway Atoll, which he was sure would draw out the American carriers to defend it. The Japanese codenamed the Midway invasion Operation "MI". Unknown to the Japanese, the US Navy had divined the Japanese plan by breaking its JN-25 code and had prepared an Document [5](Title: USS Tangier (AV-8)) respectively, and of the torpedoed Greek freighter SS "Chloe". The search continued until 13 May, days after the end of the crucial battle. Coral Sea was a tactical victory for the Japanese—the U.S. Navy lost more tonnage—but a strategic victory for the U.S. It stopped the southward advance of Imperial Japanese forces and set the stage for the American victory in the Battle of Midway by temporarily robbing the Japanese of two of their newest fleet carriers: and . "Shōkaku" was incapacitated by battle damage, and "Zuikaku" lost a high percentage of her veteran aviators. After their rescue operations for Document [6](Title: Battle of the Coral Sea) of repair in Japan. Historians H. P. Willmott, Jonathan Parshall, and Anthony Tully believe Yamamoto made a significant strategic error in his decision to support "MO" with strategic assets. Since Yamamoto had decided the decisive battle with the U.S. was to take place at Midway, he should not have diverted any of his important assets, especially fleet carriers, to a secondary operation like "MO". Yamamoto's decision meant Japanese naval forces were weakened just enough at both the Coral Sea and Midway battles to allow the Allies to defeat them in detail. Willmott adds, if either operation was important enough to Document [7](Title: Solomon Islands campaign) Tulagi but its invasion of Port Moresby was repulsed at the Battle of the Coral Sea. Shortly thereafter, the Japanese navy established small garrisons on the other northern and central Solomon Islands. One month later, the Japanese Combined Fleet lost four of its fleet aircraft carriers at the Battle of Midway. The Allies countered the threats to Australia by a build-up of troops and aircraft, with the aim of implementing plans to approach and reconquer the Philippines. In March 1942 Admiral Ernest King, then Commander-in Chief of the U. S. Fleet, had advocated an offense from New Hebrides through the Question: when did the allies win the battle of midway in the south pacific Answer:
7 June 1942
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Rusty Goodman) Charles F. Goodman ( September 2 , 1933 -- November 11 , 1990 ) better known as Rusty Goodman was a singer / songwriter in the Southern Gospel Music industry . He was a prolific composer whose many songs included '' Standing in the Presence of the King '' , '' Leavin ' On My Mind '' , '' Home '' , '' John the Revelator '' , '' Standing in the Need of Prayer '' , '' Had it Not Been '' '' I Believe He 's Coming Back '' '' Look for Me '' and '' Who Am I ? '' His songs have been covered by many of the top artists in the music industry including Elvis Presley , The Imperials , J.D. Sumner & The Stamps Quartet , The Speers , The Happy Goodman Family , Michael English and Gaither Vocal Band . Document [1](Title: E. Urner Goodman) leaders, Goodman said more than a decade later, "Great faith and devoted service, I am very sure, are for ordinary folk as well as for the clergy. ... I have been privileged to know some great clergymen in my day ... but I have also known and loved some truly great laymen, men whose lives and works matched their faith". Goodman retired from his NCC post on September 1, 1954 because of tuberculosis. Maintaining his lifelong interest in music, Goodman was active in the Hymn Society of America (now the Hymn Society in the United States and Canada) in the Document [2](Title: Happy Goodman Family) an early telling of the Happy Goodman Family in stories recalled by Howard. Vestal wrote her autobiography titled "Vestal! Lord I Wouldn't Take Nothin' for My Journey Now"(1999) and released a number of solo projects before her death in 2003, including two "Vestal and Friends" CDs featuring duets with a diverse array of vocalists, including George Jones, Sandi Patty, Dolly Parton, Andraé Crouch, Wynonna Judd, Bill and Gloria Gaither, Newsboys and the love of her life Howard Goodman. The group recorded 15 number-one singles and played over 3,500 shows. They were inducted into the Gospel Music Hall of Fame in Document [3](Title: Cathedral Quartet) Clark, Mack Taunton, George Amon Webster, Roy Tremble, Haskell Cooley, Kirk Talley, Roger Bennett, Mark Trammell, Danny Funderburk, Gerald Wolfe, Ernie Haase and Scott Fowler. During the early 1990s, southern gospel was starting to experience a reemergence in large part to Bill Gaither and the Gaither Vocal Band recording 'Homecoming', a tribute album to classic Southern Gospel songs. For one of the songs, "Where Could I Go", Gaither wanted to include as many of his childhood Southern Gospel heroes as possible. Along with many others, George Younce and Glen Payne were in Gaither's group of singers he called on to Document [4](Title: John Hammond (record producer)) John Hammond (record producer) John Henry Hammond II (December 15, 1910 – July 10, 1987) was an American record producer, civil rights activist, and music critic from the 1930s to the early 1980s. In his service as a talent scout, Hammond became one of the most influential figures in 20th-century popular music. Hammond was instrumental in sparking or furthering numerous musical careers, including those of Bob Dylan, Bruce Springsteen, Benny Goodman, Harry James, Charlie Christian, Billie Holiday, Count Basie, Teddy Wilson, Big Joe Turner, Pete Seeger, Babatunde Olatunji, Aretha Franklin, George Benson, Freddie Green, Leonard Cohen, Arthur Russell, Jim Copp, Document [5](Title: Simon Climie) George Michael and Aretha Franklin's single "I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)" reached number one worldwide, including in the UK Singles Chart and on the US "Billboard" Hot 100. Following this, Climie continued to have success with his songs, including "You're Not Alone", which featured on Amy Grant's "Heart in Motion", which sold more than five million copies worldwide – the biggest-selling Christian album of all time. Climie is also known for his Grammy Award-winning work as a collaborator with Eric Clapton on many Platinum albums, including "Pilgrim", "Reptile", "Riding with the King", "Me And Mr Johnson", "Back Home" Document [6](Title: James Cleveland) in Chicago, Illinois, Cleveland began singing as a boy soprano at Pilgrim Baptist Church where Thomas A. Dorsey was minister of music and Roberta Martin was pianist for the choir. He strained his vocal cords as a teenager while part of a local gospel group, leaving the distinctive gravelly voice that was his hallmark in his later years. As a young teen he was a part of a Missionary group called Soul Winners For Christ, which was created by his teen aged friend Jessie Jimerson Phillips, who would go on in later years to write Roberta Martin's last recorded song: Document [7](Title: Jimmy Dorsey) although being overshadowed by Benny Goodman, (also a clarinetist), whose big band had grabbed center stage in the mid thirties. Dorsey's main vocalist was Bob Eberly, considered to be the best in the music business, and in 1939, Helen O'Connell joined the band, and the idea to have them perform duets proved to be highly successful. Almost every record released during 1939–1943 were hits, but especially records made with a Latin American flavor like "Amapola", "Maria Elena", and "Green Eyes", which topped the charts in 1941. They continued singing with his band for future records and motion picture appearances. Despite Question: who wrote standing in the need of prayer Answer:
Rusty Goodman
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Maze Runner (film series)) The first film , The Maze Runner , was released on September 19 , 2014 and became a commercial success grossing over $348 million worldwide . The second film , Maze Runner : The Scorch Trials was released on September 18 , 2015 , and was also a success , grossing over $312 million worldwide . The film series will conclude with the release of the third film , Maze Runner : The Death Cure on January 26 , 2018 . Document [1](Title: The Three Musketeers (2011 film)) was released on 22 August 2011 in the UK. The film grossed $132,249,913. First released in Germany on 1 September 2011, it topped the box office with $3.38 million and has since grossed $16.20 million. It was released in Austria the same day, topping the box office with $503,239 on its opening weekend. It topped the box office during its opening weekends in Italy ($2,023,021), Brazil ($2,343,786) and Turkey ($219,645). In the UK, Ireland and Malta, it debuted with $2,312,509, when it was released on 12–14 October 2011. Its highest-grossing opening to date overseas was achieved in Japan ($3.86 million). Document [2](Title: Piranha 3DD) to an unspecified 2012 release. On March 3, 2012, it was announced that the film would be released simultaneously to theaters and through video on demand services. On March 14, it was announced that the film would be released on June 1, 2012 in the United States. The movie was released on May 11, 2012 in the UK. In the United States, it received a limited release, being shown in only 75 theaters. The film made a small impact during its debut weekend of release in the United Kingdom; its box receipts during its opening weekend were just £242,889, placing Document [3](Title: Spider-Man: Homecoming) accounting for production budgets, prints and advertising, talent participations and other costs, against box office grosses and ancillary revenues from home media, placing it seventh on their list of 2017's "Most Valuable Blockbusters". The film earned $50.9 million on its opening day in the United States and Canada (including $15.4 million from Thursday night previews), and had a total weekend gross of $117 million, the top film for the weekend. It was the second-highest opening for both a Spider-Man film and a Sony film, after "Spider-Man 3" $151.1 million debut in 2007. Early projections for the film from "BoxOffice" had Document [4](Title: Spider-Man 3) North America and $554.3 million in other countries for a worldwide total of $890.9 million. Worldwide, it is the third-highest-grossing film of 2007, the highest-grossing film of Sam Raimi's "Spider-Man" trilogy, and was the highest-grossing film distributed by Sony/Columbia until 2012's "Skyfall". The film set a worldwide single-day record ($104 million) on its first Friday and broke its own record again on Saturday ($117.6 million). It also set a worldwide opening-weekend record with $381.7 million, which now ranks as the fifth-largest (first surpassed by "Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince"). The film's IMAX screenings reached $20 million in 30 days, Document [5](Title: Driving Miss Daisy) was given a limited release on December 15, 1989, earning $73,745 in three theaters. The film was given a wide release on January 26, 1990, earning $5,705,721 over its opening weekend in 895 theaters, becoming the number one film in the US. It remained at number 1 the following week but was knocked off the top spot in its third weekend of wide release by "Hard to Kill". It returned to number one the next weekend and remained there for a fourth week. The film ultimately grossed $106,593,296 in North America, and $39,200,000 in other territories, for a worldwide total Document [6](Title: Smashed (film)) 22, 2012. It was also screened at the Deauville American Film Festival, the Toronto International Film Festival, the Athens Film Festival, Jameson CineFest, the Stockholm International Film Festival, and the Hamptons International Film Festival. Sony Pictures Classics bought the film's distribution rights after its premiere at Sundance and gave it a limited release on October 12, 2012. On its opening weekend, the film grossed $26,943 from four theaters, averaging $6,736 per theater and ranking number 53 at the box office. The film earned $376,597 domestically from 13 weeks in release, with a widest release of 50 theaters. It earned $123,128 Document [7](Title: 1984 in film) 1984 in film The following is an overview of events in 1984 in film, including the highest-grossing films, award ceremonies and festivals, a list of films released and notable deaths. The year's highest-grossing film was "Beverly Hills Cop". "Ghostbusters" overtook it, however, with a re-release the following year. It was the first time in five years that the top-grossing film did not involve George Lucas or Steven Spielberg although Spielberg directed the third placed "Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom" and executive produced the fourth placed "Gremlins". U.S. boxoffice grosses reached $4 billion for the first time and it Question: when's the third maze runner coming out Answer:
January 26 , 2018
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Judiciary of South Africa) The South African Judicial Service Commission plays an important role in the appointment of judges and also advises the country 's national government on any matters relating to the judiciary and the administration of justice . It is a body established in the Constitution of South Africa '' to advise the national government on any matter relating to the judiciary or the administration of justice '' and for which separate legislation has been enacted . Document [1](Title: Constitutional Court of South Africa) of Johannesburg. It also has occupied a purpose-built complex on Constitution Hill. The first court session in the new building at this location was held in February 2004. The Constitutional Court consists of eleven judges who are appointed by the President of South Africa from a list drawn up by the Judicial Service Commission. The judges serve for a term of twelve years. The court is headed by the Chief Justice of South Africa and the Deputy Chief Justice. The Constitution requires that a matter before the Court be heard by at least eight judges. In practice, all eleven judges Document [2](Title: Labour Appeal Court of South Africa) Labour Appeal Court of South Africa The Labour Appeal Court is a South African court that hears appeals from the Labour Court. The court was established by the Labour Relations Act, 1995, and has a status similar to that of the Supreme Court of Appeal. It has its seat in Johannesburg but also hears cases in Cape Town, Port Elizabeth and Durban. Judges of the Labour Court, who must be High Court judges, are appointed by the President, acting on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission and the National Economic Development and Labour Council. The Judge President (JP) and Document [3](Title: Minister of Justice and Correctional Services) from the founding of the Union of South Africa to the current time (2011): Minister of Justice and Correctional Services The Minister of Justice and Correctional Services is the justice minister in the government of South Africa. He is the political head of the Department of Justice and Correctional Services, which is responsible for administrative support to the courts, oversight of the National Prosecuting Authority, the provision of legal services to departments of state, law reform and Correctional Services. Prior to May 2014, Correctional Services was a separate department and the justice department was named the Department of Justice and Document [4](Title: Judicial Service Commission (Somalia)) its membership ranks. All members serve a term of five years, and are eligible for one additional term after their initial term has ended. They are also subject to a disciplinary regulation enacted by the Judicial Service Commission. As of May 2015, the members of the Judicial Service Commission include: Pursuant to the law, the Judicial Service Commission is empowered to appoint, discipline and transfer any Federal tier member of the judiciary. It may also determine the compensation, pensions and other work related issues of the judiciary. Judicial Service Commission (Somalia) The Judicial Service Commission is an adjunct of the Document [5](Title: Superior Council of the Judiciary of Colombia) territorial inadequate distribution of the tribunals and of the competitions, the first floor yield and the lacks in the quality and upgrade of the information on the judicial activity. Under such conditions, in the country he/she consolidated the idea of freeing the judicial power of it guides her of the Government and of the Legislative, by means of the attribution of administrative functions of the biggest transcendency to C.S.J.; as the element through which is guaranteed the transparency and objectivity of the selection of the magistracies and the judicatures; it occurs full participation to the judicial branch in the national Document [6](Title: Judicial officers of the Republic of Singapore) the powers and perform the functions of a Judge of the High Court. Anything done by a Judicial Commissioner when acting in accordance with the terms of his or her appointment shall have the same validity and effect as if done by a Judge of that Court and, in respect thereof, he or she shall have the same powers and enjoy the same immunities as if he or she had been a Judge of that Court. A person may be appointed to be a Judicial Commissioner to hear and determine a specified case only, although this has not yet happened. Document [7](Title: Chief Justice of the Republic of Korea) people to the judicial bench. The Chief Justice is responsible for recommending Justices to the Supreme Court of Korea to the President of South Korea. In addition, the Chief Justice designates three of the judges who sit on the Constitutional Court of Korea. The Chief Justice also appoints the judges for all of the other courts of South Korea, and these appointments are then confirmed by the Supreme Court Justices Council. The Chief Justice also holds the responsibility for most of the day-to-day operation of the judicial branch of the government of South Korea. He or she may present an Question: what do you call a judge in south africa Answer:
judges
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: United States federal budget) During FY2016 , the federal government collected approximately $3.27 trillion in tax revenue , up $18 B ( billion ) or 1 % versus FY2015 . Primary receipt categories included individual income taxes ( $1,546 B or 47 % of total receipts ) , Social Security / Social Insurance taxes ( $1,115 B or 34 % ) , and corporate taxes ( $300 B or 10 % ) . Other revenue types included excise , estate and gift taxes . Document [1](Title: United States federal budget) 2% GDP reduction in spending would be approximately a 10% spending cut. During FY2018, the federal government collected approximately $3.33 trillion in tax revenue, up $14 billion or less than 1% versus FY2017. Primary receipt categories included individual income taxes ($1,684B or 51% of total receipts), Social Security/Social Insurance taxes ($1,171B or 35%), and corporate taxes ($205B or 6%). Corporate tax revenues declined by $92 billion or 32% due to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. Other revenue types included excise, estate and gift taxes. FY 2018 revenues were 16.4% of gross domestic product (GDP), versus 17.2% in FY 2017. Document [2](Title: Federal budget (economics)) and young and social security programs. The revenue for the federal budget each fiscal year is arranged and administered by the government and is then supplied in the form of taxation. These taxes can come in a wide variety of sources such as a tax on one's income, profits from a business and the country's imports (duties and tariffs). Revenue can also be streamed from activities that the government strongly discourages often called a Sin tax and the government can then tax on commodities such as smoking and alcohol consumption. Federal governments don't necessarily exist in every country due to Document [3](Title: Income taxes in Canada) Income taxes in Canada Income taxes in Canada constitute the majority of the annual revenues of the Government of Canada, and of the governments of the Provinces of Canada. In the fiscal year ending 31 March 2015, the federal government collected nearly three and a half times more revenue from personal income taxes than it did from corporate income taxes. Tax collection agreements enable different governments to levy taxes through a single administration and collection agency. The federal government collects personal income taxes on behalf of all provinces and territories except Quebec and collects corporate income taxes on behalf of Document [4](Title: 2010 Austin suicide attack) $38.6 million because of the suicide attack. For the immediate response, document recovery, and to resume operations at the center, the IRS spent USD $6,421,942. Of this amount, USD $3,258,213 was spent on document recovery. Also, the IRS spent a total of USD $32.3 million to improve IRS building security across the United States, with USD $30.5 million for more security guards. The IRS said, because of the 2010 Austin terrorist attack and the emergency plans in place, there was no direct budgetary impact on the IRS's ability to provide taxpayer services or enforce tax laws. An additional $1,236,634 was Document [5](Title: Taxation in Germany) In 2014, German tax revenue totaled €593 billion. Tax revenue is distributed to Germany’s three levels of government: the federation, the states, and the municipalities. All of these are jointly entitled to the most important types of tax (i.e., value-added tax and income tax). For this reason, these taxes are also known as “shared taxes”. Tax revenue is distributed proportionately using a formula prescribed in the German constitution. Individuals who are residents in Germany or have their normal place of abode there have full income tax liability. All the income earned by these persons both at home and abroad is Document [6](Title: United States) that entitlement programs have not been viewed as welfare transfers. However, according to the Congressional Budget Office the net effect of Social Security is that the benefit to tax ratio ranges from roughly 70% for the top earnings quintile to about 170% for the lowest earning quintile, making the system progressive. The top 10% paid 51.8% of total federal taxes in 2009, and the top 1%, with 13.4% of pre-tax national income, paid 22.3% of federal taxes. In 2013 the Tax Policy Center projected total federal effective tax rates of 35.5% for the top 1%, 27.2% for the top quintile, Document [7](Title: Flat tax) profit of 3 million, spends 2 million in wages, and spends 1 million on other expenses that under the tax law is taxable income to recipients, such as the receipt of stock options, bonuses, and certain executive privileges. Given a flat rate of 15%, ACME would then owe the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (IRS) (3M + 2M + 1M) × 0.15 = 900,000. This payment would, in one fell swoop, settle the tax liabilities of ACME's employees as well as the corporate taxes owed by ACME. Most employees throughout the economy would never need to interact with the IRS, as Question: what are the biggest sources of revenue for the federal government Answer:
corporate taxes
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Chromosomal crossover) Chromosomal crossover ( or crossing over ) is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes that results in recombinant chromosomes during sexual reproduction . It is one of the final phases of genetic recombination , which occurs in the pachytene stage of prophase I of meiosis during a process called synapsis . Synapsis begins before the synaptonemal complex develops and is not completed until near the end of prophase I. Crossover usually occurs when matching regions on matching chromosomes break and then reconnect to the other chromosome . Document [1](Title: Genetics) chromosome would theoretically never recombine. However, they do, via the cellular process of chromosomal crossover. During crossover, chromosomes exchange stretches of DNA, effectively shuffling the gene alleles between the chromosomes. This process of chromosomal crossover generally occurs during meiosis, a series of cell divisions that creates haploid cells. The first cytological demonstration of crossing over was performed by Harriet Creighton and Barbara McClintock in 1931. Their research and experiments on corn provided cytological evidence for the genetic theory that linked genes on paired chromosomes do in fact exchange places from one homolog to the other. The probability of chromosomal crossover Document [2](Title: Unequal crossing over) Unequal crossing over Unequal crossing over is a type of gene duplication or deletion event that deletes a sequence in one strand and replaces it with a duplication from its sister chromatid in mitosis or from its homologous chromosome during meiosis. It is a type of chromosomal crossover between homologous sequences that are not paired precisely. Normally genes are responsible for occurrence of crossing over. It exchanges sequences of different links between chromosomes. Along with gene conversion, it is believed to be the main driver for the generation of gene duplications and is a source of mutation in the genome. Document [3](Title: Meiosis) and may start at the centromere (procentric), at the chromosome ends (proterminal), or at any other portion (intermediate). Individuals of a pair are equal in length and in position of the centromere. Thus pairing is highly specific and exact. The paired chromosomes are called bivalent or tetrad chromosomes. The "pachytene" stage ( ), also known as "pachynema", from Greek words meaning "thick threads". At this point a tetrad of the chromosomes has formed known as a bivalent. This is the stage when homologous recombination, including chromosomal crossover (crossing over), occurs. Nonsister chromatids of homologous chromosomes may exchange segments over regions Document [4](Title: Chromosomal crossover) DNA helicase and DNA polymerase III bind and generate single-stranded proteins, which are digested by exonucleases and attached to the strand by ligase. Multiple MMR pathways have been implicated in the maintenance of complex organism genome stability, and any of many possible malfunctions in the MMR pathway result in DNA editing and correction errors. Therefore, while it is not certain precisely what mechanisms lead to errors of non-homologous crossover, it is extremely likely that the MMR pathway is involved. Chromosomal crossover Chromosomal crossover (or crossing over) is the exchange of genetic material between 2 homologous chromosomes non-sister chromatids that results Document [5](Title: Genetic linkage) Genetic linkage Genetic linkage is the tendency of DNA sequences that are close together on a chromosome to be inherited together during the meiosis phase of sexual reproduction. Two genetic markers that are physically near to each other are unlikely to be separated onto different chromatids during chromosomal crossover, and are therefore said to be more "linked" than markers that are far apart. In other words, the nearer two genes are on a chromosome, the lower the chance of recombination between them, and the more likely they are to be inherited together. Markers on different chromosomes are perfectly "unlinked". Genetic Document [6](Title: Offspring) genotypes of their offspring, in which gametes fuse and form. An important aspect of the formation of the parent offspring is the chromosome, which is a structure of DNA which contains many genes. To focus more on the offspring and how it results in the formation of the f1 generation, is an inheritance called sex-linkage, which is a gene which is located on the sex chromosome and patterns of these inheritance differ in both male and female. The explanation that proves the theory of the offspring having genes from both parent generations, is proven through a process called crossing-over, which Document [7](Title: Three-point cross) Three-point cross In genetics, a three-point cross is used to determine the loci of three genes in an organism's genome. An individual heterozygous for three mutations is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual, and the phenotypes of the progeny are scored. The two most common phenotypes that result are the parental gametes; the two least common phenotypes that result come from a double crossover in gamete formation. By comparing the parental and double-crossover phenotypes, the geneticist can determine which gene is located between the others on the chromosome. The recombinant frequency is the ratio of non-parental phenotypes to total individuals. Question: during which phase of meiosis does crossover occur Answer:
pachytene stage of prophase I
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Google Search) Google 's homepage includes a button labeled '' I 'm Feeling Lucky '' . Prior to a change in 2012 , when a user typed in a search and clicked on the button the user would be taken directly to the first search result , bypassing the search engine results page . The idea was that if a user is '' feeling lucky '' , the search engine would return the perfect match the first time without having to page through the search results . According to a study by Tom Chavez of '' Rapt '' , this feature cost Google $110 million a year as 1 % of all searches use this feature and bypass all advertising . Document [1](Title: Google Personalized Search) and result ranking position. In the following example, the Portent Team performed a search query for 'JavaScript' (shown on the right) and then performed a search for 'Programming Textbooks' and 'Books on HTML' prior to searching for 'JavaScript, which changed the search results by bringing in three book listings that were not part of the original set of results. The study showed that of the various factors being tested, the two with the most measurable impact were whether the user was logged in with a Google account and the IP address of searching users. This same study also investigated the Document [2](Title: Google bomb) user. This fear was offset by the belief that Google would alter their algorithm based on the methods used by the Google bombers. In September 2004, another SEO contest was created. This time, the objective was to get the top result for the phrase "seraphim proudleduck". A large sum of money was offered to the winner, but the competition turned out to be a hoax. In March 2005's issue of ".net" magazine, a contest was created among five professional web developers to make their site the number-one site for the made-up phrase "crystalline incandescence". Some of the most famous Google Document [3](Title: Google Images) the interface more prominent. Google Images has a Search by Image feature for performing reverse image searches. Unlike traditional image retrieval, this feature removes the need to type in keywords and terms into the Google search box. Instead, users search by submitting an image as their query. Results may include similar images, web results, pages with the image, and different resolutions of the image. The precision of Search by Image's results is higher if the search image is more popular. Additionally, Google Search by Image will offer a "best guess for this image" based on the descriptive metadata of the Document [4](Title: Search engine manipulation effect) which search rankings favored either Candidate A, Candidate B or neither candidate. Participants were given brief descriptions of each candidate and then asked how much they liked and trusted each candidate and whom they would vote for. Then they were allowed up to 15 minutes to conduct online research on the candidates using a manipulated search engine. Each group had access to the same 30 search results—each linking to real web pages from a past election. Only the ordering of the results differed in the three groups. People could click freely on any result or shift between any of five Document [5](Title: Pay-per-click) keyword), usually using online tools to do so. The auction plays out in an automated fashion every time a visitor triggers the ad spot. When the ad spot is part of a search engine results page (SERP), the automated auction takes place whenever a search for the keyword that is being bid upon occurs. All bids for the keyword that target the searcher's Geo-location, the day and time of the search, etc. are then compared and the winner determined. In situations where there are multiple ad spots, a common occurrence on SERPs, there can be multiple winners whose positions on Document [6](Title: Google bomb) after the Google Penguin update, Google search rankings now take Google bowling into account and according to various sources, very rarely will a website be penalized due to low-quality "farm" backlinks. Other search engines use similar techniques to rank results, so Yahoo!, Bing, and Ask.com are also affected by Google bombs. A search for "miserable failure" or "failure" on September 29, 2006, brought up the official George W. Bush biography number one on Google, Yahoo!, and MSN and number two on Ask.com. On June 2, 2005, Tooter reported that George Bush was ranked first for the keyword "miserable", "failure", and Document [7](Title: AACS encryption key controversy) songs and music videos, illustrations and other graphic artworks, tattoos and body art, and comic strips. On Tuesday afternoon, May 1, 2007, a Google search for the key returned 9,410 results, while the same search the next morning returned nearly 300,000 results. On Friday, the BBC reported that a search on Google shows almost 700,000 pages have published the key, despite the fact that on April 17, the AACS LA sent a DMCA notice to Google, demanding that Google stop returning any results for searches for the key. Widespread news coverage included speculation on the development of user-driven websites, the Question: where is the i am feeling lucky button Answer:
Google 's homepage
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Northwest Ordinance) The language of the ordinance prohibits slavery , but also contained a clear fugitive slave clause as well . Efforts in the 1820s by pro-slavery forces to legalize slavery in two of the states created from the Northwest Territory failed , but an '' indentured servant '' law allowed some slaveholders to bring slaves under that status ; they could not be bought or sold . Southern states voted for the law because they did not want to compete with the territory over tobacco as a commodity crop ; it was so labor - intensive that it was grown profitably only with slave labor . Additionally , slave - states ' political power would merely be equalized , as there were three more slave - states than there were free - states in 1790 . Document [1](Title: Freeport Doctrine) for its continued existence. Douglas' actual words were: The next question propounded to me by Mr. Lincoln is, Can the people of a Territory in any lawful way, against the wishes of any citizen of the United States, exclude slavery from their limits prior to the formation of a State constitution? I answer emphatically, as Mr. Lincoln has heard me answer a hundred times from every stump in Illinois, that in my opinion the people of a Territory can, by lawful means, exclude slavery from their limits prior to the formation of a State constitution. Mr Lincoln knew that I Document [2](Title: Miscegenation) spread to colonies and states where slavery did not exist. It has also been argued that the first laws banning interracial marriage were a response by the planter elite to the problems they were facing due to the socio-economic dynamics of the plantation system in the Southern colonies. The bans in Virginia and Maryland were established at a time when slavery was not yet fully institutionalized. At the time, most forced laborers on the plantations were predominately white indentured servants. Some historians have suggested that the at-the-time unprecedented laws banning interracial marriage were originally invented by planters as a divide Document [3](Title: Slavery) a "positive good" stating: "Such a class you must have, or you would not have that other class which leads progress, civilization, and refinement." The Southern state governments wanted to keep a balance between the number of slave and free states to maintain a political balance of power in Congress. The new territories acquired from Britain, France, and Mexico were the subject of major political compromises. By 1850, the newly rich cotton-growing South was threatening to secede from the Union, and tensions continued to rise. Many white Southern Christians, including church ministers, attempted to justify their support for slavery as Document [4](Title: Loving v. Virginia) since colonial days. Marriage to a slave was never legal. In the Reconstruction Era in 1865, the Black Codes across the seven states of the lower South made intermarriage illegal. The new Republican legislatures in six states repealed the restrictive laws. After the Democrats returned to power, the restriction was reimposed. A major concern was how to draw the line between black and white in a society in which white men had many children with black slave women. On the one hand, a person's reputation as black or white was usually decisive in practical matters. On the other hand, most Document [5](Title: History of unfree labor in the United States) forced migration, splitting up many families. New communities of African-American culture were developed in the Deep South, and the total slave population in the South eventually reached 4 million before liberation. As the West was developed for settlement, the Southern states wanted to keep a balance between the number of slave and free states, in order to maintain a political balance of power in Congress. The new territories acquired from Britain, France, and Mexico were the subject of major political compromises. By 1850, the newly rich cotton-growing South was threatening to secede from the Union, and tensions continued to rise. Document [6](Title: Sectionalism) owned no slaves. Southerners defended slavery in part by claiming that Northern factory workers toiled under worse conditions and were not cared for by their employers. Defenders of slavery referred to factory workers as the "white slaves of the North". Meanwhile, Northern industrialists and workers benefited from the slave system, even as some Northern politicians and religious leaders denounced it. The South expanded into rich new lands in the Southwest (from Alabama to Texas). However, slavery declined in the border states and could barely survive in cities and industrial areas (it was fading out in cities such as Baltimore, Louisville Document [7](Title: African Americans in Tennessee) "without fail [to] have [their] emancipation records with [them] at any time and place in order to prove [their] freedom. In 1831, however, the state government mandated that emancipated slaves immediately depart the state, and prohibited the migration of free Blacks to Tennessee. The 1834 State Constitutional Convention in Nashville defeated a proposal to gradually abolish slavery over a twenty-year period. Despite wide-ranging debate, the pro-slavery faction was victorious across the board. The new constitution formally forbid Blacks, slave or free, from voting. It also stripped the legislature of any "power to pass laws for the emancipation of slaves, without Question: what did the northwest ordinance of 1787 prohibit in the northwest territories Answer:
slavery
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami) The 2011 earthquake off the Pacific coast of Tōhoku ( 東北 地方 太平洋 沖 地震 , Tōhoku - chihō Taiheiyō Oki Jishin ) was a magnitude 9.0 -- 9.1 ( M ) undersea megathrust earthquake off the coast of Japan that occurred at 14 : 46 JST ( 05 : 46 UTC ) on Friday 11 March 2011 , with the epicentre approximately 70 kilometres ( 43 mi ) east of the Oshika Peninsula of Tōhoku and the hypocenter at an underwater depth of approximately 29 km ( 18 mi ) . The earthquake is often referred to in Japan as the Great East Japan Earthquake ( 東日本 大震災 , Higashi nihon daishinsai ) and is also known as the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake , and the 3.11 earthquake . It was the most powerful earthquake ever recorded in Japan , and the fourth most powerful earthquake in the world since modern record - keeping began in 1900 . The earthquake triggered powerful tsunami waves that reached heights of up to 40.5 metres ( 133 ft ) in Miyako in Tōhoku 's Iwate Prefecture , and which , in the Sendai area , traveled up to 10 km ( 6 mi ) inland . The earthquake moved Honshu ( the main island of Japan ) 2.4 m ( 8 ft ) east , shifted the Earth on its axis by estimates of between 10 cm ( 4 in ) and 25 cm ( 10 in ) , increased earth 's rotational speed by 1.8 μs per day , and generated infrasound waves detected in perturbations of the low - orbiting GOCE satellite . Initially , the earthquake caused sinking of part of Honshu 's Pacific coast by up to roughly a metre , but after about three years , the coast rose back and kept on rising to exceed its original height . Document [1](Title: 1994 offshore Sanriku earthquake) 1994 offshore Sanriku earthquake The 1994 offshore Sanriku earthquake (Japanese: 三陸はるか沖地震 "Sanriku Haruka Okijishin") occurred on December 28, 1994, at 12:19 UTC (21:19 local time). This was a magnitude 7.7 earthquake with epicenter located in the Pacific Ocean at about 180 km east of Hachinohe, Aomori ("haruka-oki" means "far offshore"). Three people were reported dead and more than 200 injured; 48 houses were completely destroyed. Road damage and power outages were reported. Liquefaction occurred in the Hachinohe Port area. The intensity reached shindo 6 in Hachinohe, Aomori, about 187.6 km from epicenter. It could be felt in Tokyo, about 632.9 Document [2](Title: Tsunami deposit) 1,000 years, suggesting that a repeat of this event was overdue and that large scale inundation was likely. In 2007, the likelihood of a great tsunamigenic earthquake striking this coast in the next 30 years was given as 99%. Based partly on this information TEPCO revised estimates of likely tsunami heights at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant to greater than 9 m, but took no immediate action. The tsunami triggered by the 2011 Tohoku earthquake had a wave height at Fukushima of about 15 m, well above the 5.7 m for which the plant's defences had been designed. The Document [3](Title: Tsunami) megathrust earthquakes that generated tsunamis (known as teletsunamis) that can cross entire oceans. Smaller ("M" 4.2) earthquakes in Japan can trigger tsunamis (called local and regional tsunamis) that can devastate stretches of coastline, but can do so in only a few minutes at a time. In the 1950s, it was discovered that larger tsunamis than had previously been believed possible could be caused by giant submarine landslides. These rapidly displace large water volumes, as energy transfers to the water at a rate faster than the water can absorb. Their existence was confirmed in 1958, when a giant landslide in Lituya Document [4](Title: 1944 Tōnankai earthquake) of the damaging 1854 Tōkai earthquake. 1944 Tōnankai earthquake The 1944 Tōnankai earthquake occurred at 13:35 local time (04:35 UTC) on 7 December. It had an estimated magnitude of 8.1 on the moment magnitude scale (making it the strongest known earthquake of 1944) and a maximum felt intensity of greater than 5 shindo (about VIII ("Severe") on the Mercalli intensity scale). It triggered a large tsunami that caused serious damage along the coast of Wakayama Prefecture and the Tōkai region. Together the earthquake and tsunami caused 3,358 casualties. The southern coast of Honshū runs parallel to the Nankai Trough, which Document [5](Title: Great Hanshin earthquake) Great Hanshin earthquake The , or Kobe earthquake, occurred on January 17, 1995 at 05:46:53 JST (January 16 at 20:46:53 UTC) in the southern part of Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan, when combined with Osaka, known as Hanshin. It measured 6.9 on the moment magnitude scale and 7 on the JMA Shindo intensity scale. The tremors lasted for approximately 20 seconds. The focus of the earthquake was located 17 km beneath its epicenter, on the northern end of Awaji Island, 20 km away from the center of the city of Kobe. Up to 6,434 people lost their lives; about 4,600 of them Document [6](Title: 1855 Edo earthquake) prints also depict the redistribution of wealth. The earthquake has been described as an act of "yonaoshi" or 'world rectification', in the light of the two great earthquakes of 1854 and the arrival of Perry's Black Ships in 1853. Three large earthquakes, the 1854 Ansei-Tōkai earthquake, 1854 Ansei-Nankai earthquake, and the 1855 Ansei Edo earthquake are collectively called the Ansei great earthquakes (安政の大地震, "Ansei no Dai Jishin"). Combining the effects of these disasters with a major cholera outbreak killing over 100,000 people, a fire at Edo Castle, and the 1858 Hietsu earthquake, the Ansei era was one of quite catastrophic Document [7](Title: Onagawa Nuclear Power Plant) tsunami from causing severe flood damage. It was this tsunami at Fukushima I that has been determined to be solely responsible for precipitating the loss of cooling and ultimately the Fukushima disaster which had a much shorter sea wall of . In response to the high tsunami, Onagawa power plant's seawall was later built up to a height of . On 13 March 2011, two days after the earthquake and tsunami, levels of radiation on site reached 21μSv/hour, a level at which Tohoku Electric Power Company were mandated to declare a state of emergency, and they did so at 12:50, Question: the great east japan earthquake struck japan on Answer:
Friday 11 March 2011
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Wright brothers) The Wright brothers , Orville ( August 19 , 1871 -- January 30 , 1948 ) and Wilbur ( April 16 , 1867 -- May 30 , 1912 ) , were two American engineers , aviators , inventors , and aviation pioneers who are generally credited with inventing , building , and flying the world 's first successful airplane . They made the first controlled , sustained flight of a powered , heavier - than - air aircraft on December 17 , 1903 , four miles south of Kitty Hawk , North Carolina . In 1904 -- 05 the brothers developed their flying machine into the first practical fixed - wing aircraft . Although not the first to build and fly experimental aircraft , the Wright brothers were the first to invent aircraft controls that made fixed - wing powered flight possible . Document [1](Title: Wright brothers) one side seemed either undesirable or did not enter their thinking. Some of these other investigators, including Langley and Chanute, sought the elusive ideal of "inherent stability", believing the pilot of a flying machine would not be able to react quickly enough to wind disturbances to use mechanical controls effectively. The Wright brothers, on the other hand, wanted the pilot to have absolute control. For that reason, their early designs made no concessions toward built-in stability (such as dihedral wings). They deliberately designed their 1903 first powered flyer with anhedral (drooping) wings, which are inherently unstable, but less susceptible to Document [2](Title: Early flying machines) Wrights would abandon the foreplane altogether, with the Model B of 1910 instead having a tail plane in the manner which was by then becoming conventional. According to the April 1907 issue of the "Scientific American" magazine, the Wright brothers seemed to have the most advanced knowledge of heavier-than-air navigation at the time. However, the same magazine issue also claimed that no public flight had been made in the United States before its April 1907 issue. Hence, they devised the Scientific American Aeronautic Trophy in order to encourage the development of a heavier-than-air flying machine. Once powered, controlled flight had Document [3](Title: Wright Glider) daughters. The 1901 Wright Glider was the second of the brothers' experimental gliders. They tested it over the Kill Devil Hills, four miles south of Kitty Hawk. The glider was similar to the 1900 version, but had larger wings. It first flew on July 27, 1901, and was retired on August 17. During this time it made between 50 and 100 free flights, in addition to tethered flights as a kite. The wing ribs flexed under the weight of the pilot, distorting the airfoil shapes of the wings. The brothers fixed the trouble, but the wings still produced much less Document [4](Title: Matthew Piers Watt Boulton) surfaces, possibly serving as further inspiration to Boulton aside from Count d'Esterno. Another technique for lateral flight control, wing warping, was also described or experimented with by several people including Jean-Marie Le Bris, John Montgomery, Clement Ader, Edson Gallaudet, D. D. Wells, and Hugo Mattullath. Aviation historian C. H. Gibbs-Smith wrote that the aileron was "... one of the most remarkable inventions ... of aeronautical history, which was immediately lost sight of". In an apparent oversight by the U.S. Patent Office, the Wright brothers, on their second attempt, obtained a patent in 1906, not for the invention of an airplane Document [5](Title: Wright Glider) display at the Wings Over the Rockies Air and Space Museum in Denver, Colorado. A team led by Nick Engler of the Wright Brothers Aeroplane Company has also built replicas of all three gliders. A replica of the 1911 glider was built by Ernest Schweizer for the 75th anniversary of Orville's soaring flight. It has hung in the National Soaring Museum, Elmira NY since 1986. Wright Glider The Wright brothers designed, built and flew a series of three manned gliders in 1900–1902 as they worked towards achieving powered flight. They also made preliminary tests with a kite in 1899. In Document [6](Title: Wright brothers) for construction of a flying machine under military contract. The Wrights submitted their bid in January. In early 1908 the brothers also agreed to a contract with a French company. In May they went back to Kitty Hawk with their 1905 Flyer to practice in private for their all-important public demonstration flights, as required by both contracts. Their privacy was lost when New York newspapers heard about the tests and sent several reporters to the scene. Their contracts required them to fly with a passenger, so they modified the 1905 Flyer by installing two seats and adding upright control levers. Document [7](Title: Wright Flyer) which were also made by hand. The "Flyer" was a bicanard biplane configuration. As with the gliders, the pilot flew lying on his stomach on the lower wing with his head toward the front of the craft in an effort to reduce drag. He steered by moving a cradle attached to his hips. The cradle pulled wires which warped the wings and turned the rudder simultaneously. The "Flyer"s "runway" was a track of 2x4s stood on their narrow edge, which the brothers nicknamed the "Junction Railroad." Upon returning to Kitty Hawk in 1903, the Wrights completed assembly of the "Flyer" Question: who invented the first aeroplane in the world Answer:
Wright brothers
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: I'm Gonna Hire a Wino to Decorate Our Home) '' I 'm Gonna Hire a Wino to Decorate Our Home '' is a song written by Dewayne Blackwell and recorded by American country music artist David Frizzell . It was released in April 1982 as the first single from the album The Family 's Fine , But This One 's All Mine . '' I 'm Gonna Hire a Wino to Decorate Our Home '' was David Frizzell 's only number one on the country chart as a solo artist . The single went to number one for one week and spent a total of 14 weeks in country music 's top 40 . Document [1](Title: Al Ham) many awards for best musical theme and scoring, including CLIO Awards and four gold medal winners at the International Film and Television Festivals. As arranger, composer, or both, Al’s many commercials include State Farm Insurance ("Like a good neighbor, State Farm is there."), Breck Shampoo, McDonald's (i.e. "You Deserve a Break Today"), Gillette, Kinney Shoes, Woolco, Kodak, and Scope. Al also composed, arranged, and conducted news and station image music packages that have been broadcast by scores of TV stations across the country. They include "Move Closer to Your World", "Part of Your Life", "Home Country", "Bringing it Home to Document [2](Title: Trax Records) Keith "Give Yourself to Me" TX117 -- Marshall Jefferson "Move Your Body/House Music Nat'l Anthem" TX118 -- Master C & J "When You Hold Me" TX119 -- Sweet D "Thank Ya/Do It" TX120 -- Adonis "We're Rockin Down the House" TX121 -- On the House "Ride the Rhythm [Original]" TX122 -- Willie Wonka: "What is House" TX123 -- Radio Fashion "You Get What You Deserve" TX124 -- Farm Boy: "Jackin’ Me Around" TX125 -- Fat Albert "Beat Me Til I Jack" TX126 -- Santos "Work the Box" TX127 -- Mr. Fingers: "Can U Feel It/Washing Machine" TX128 -- Sampson “Butch” Document [3](Title: All Singing, All Dancing) produced by David Mirkin. It features guest appearances from George Harrison, Patrick Stewart, and Phil Hartman, although these are all clips and none of them recorded original material for the episode. Homer and Bart rent the film "Paint Your Wagon", expecting it to be a shoot-em-up Western. Homer is dismayed to find out that it is actually a musical, and expresses his distaste for such films. Marge is baffled by this, saying that he ironically loves singing. The family starts delivering their dialogue in song form, and Marge decides to prove that Homer loves to sing by showing family videos. Document [4](Title: I'll Be Home for Christmas) lyrics might lower morale among British troops. In December 1965, astronauts Frank Borman and Jim Lovell while on "Gemini 7", requested "I'll Be Home for Christmas" be played for them by the NASA ground crew. "I'll Be Home for Christmas" was recorded by Perry Como (1946), Frank Sinatra (1957), Elvis Presley (1957), Johnny Mathis (1958), Connie Francis (1959), Jack Jones (1963), The Carpenters (1977) Anita Baker (2005) Sara Evans ("Hear Something Country - Christmas 2007", 2007), Kelly Clarkson ("iTunes Session" (2011) and "Wrapped in Red" (2013)), Michael Buble ("Christmas"(2011)), Seth MacFarlane ("Holiday for Swing" (2014)), Pentatonix ("A Pentatonix Christmas" (2016)), Document [5](Title: Coming Home (Keith Urban song)) Coming Home (Keith Urban song) "Coming Home" is a song recorded by New Zealand-born Australian country music artist Keith Urban featuring American singer Julia Michaels, released in March 2018 as the third single from Urban's 2018 album "Graffiti U". The artists co-wrote the song with Nicolle Galyon and J.R. Rotem, with Merle Haggard receiving songwriting credits for the sampling of his 1968 single "Mama Tried". Urban and Rotem are also the producers. Urban told "Billboard" he enlisted Michaels "to help [him] flesh out a few little bits and pieces, and then she had this cool bridge idea and she sang Document [6](Title: Bob Dorough) "Earth Rock", to which he also contributed songs and performances). With his friend Ben Tucker, Dorough wrote the song "Comin' Home Baby", which gave Mel Tormé a Top 40 hit and two Grammy Award nominations. He was a partner for many years with Stuart Scharf, producing two albums for the folk-pop band Spanky and Our Gang and adding jazz arrangements to their sound. Dorough was the vocalist for The 44th Street Portable Flower Factory, recording cover versions of popular music for Scholastic Records in the early 1970s. Dorough remained with the show from 1973 to 1985. From 1985 to 1993 Document [7](Title: Island Records) Jazz Festival in Switzerland, with Marianne Faithfull, Grace Jones and Sly & Robbie all appearing, and Chris Blackwell holding a Question & Answer session. There was also a major exhibition at the Vinyl Factory Gallery in Soho, held in an open space beneath the record shop Phonica. The exhibition featured a display of treasured musical artifacts, including the Trabant car from the sleeve of U2's Achtung Baby, Nick Drake's guitar, the dress worn by Amy Winehouse at the 2008 Grammy Awards, the handwritten lyric sheet for Winehouse's song Love Is a Losing Game and Bob Marley's passport application form. The Question: who sings i'm going to hire a wino to decorate my home Answer:
David Frizzell
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Penny (The Big Bang Theory)) Penny is a fictional character on the American CBS sitcom The Big Bang Theory , portrayed by actress Kaley Cuoco . She is the primary female character in the series , befriending her across - the - hall neighbors Leonard Hofstadter ( Johnny Galecki ) and Sheldon Cooper ( Jim Parsons ) , two physicists who work at the nearby California Institute of Technology ( Caltech ) . Penny 's lack of advanced education , but outgoing personality and common sense drastically contrast with the personalities of the primary male characters in the series , even though she is considered part of their group . She is the love interest of Leonard , with whom she maintains a brief romantic relationship during the third season , which is later resumed in the fifth season and culminates in an engagement at the end of the seventh season and their wedding at the start of season 9 . Penny is the only main character of the show whose last name has not been revealed , although she has been occasionally referred to or addressed with the last name Hofstadter since her wedding . Document [1](Title: Penny (The Big Bang Theory)) the potential to be a bimbo, but she [Cucco] has developed it into a fully fleshed-out woman, who isn't as book-smart as the other characters but is wiser in so many ways. She's also a great straight person, who can get off zingers of her own". Penny (The Big Bang Theory) Penny is a fictional character on the American CBS sitcom "The Big Bang Theory", portrayed by actress Kaley Cuoco. She is the primary female character in the series, befriending her across-the-hall neighbors Leonard Hofstadter (Johnny Galecki) and Sheldon Cooper (Jim Parsons), two physicists who work at the nearby California Document [2](Title: Leonard Hofstadter) sets out to date her. In early episodes, Leonard is reluctant to let Penny know about his recreational activities (such as "Klingon" Boggle), as he does not want her to see him as a geek. While certainly a geek by most definitions, he is far less socially inept than Sheldon (who is unable to grasp social norms and is often even dismissive of them), Raj (who was unable to talk to women unless he was under the influence of alcohol or anti-anxiety prescription drugs, and even after getting over his handicap still tended to speak inappropriately), and Howard (who was Document [3](Title: Pilot (The Big Bang Theory)) (Amanda Walsh) and Gilda (Iris Bahr). Katie, like Penny, is a street-smart foil to book-smart Leonard and Sheldon; however, she is meaner than Penny. She claimed to have slept with her stepfather before her mother married him. Moreover, in the original pilot the character of Sheldon is more sexual and libidinous. In fact, Sheldon is explicitly stated to have had sex with Gilda, his and Leonard's friend, at a "Star Trek" convention. CBS passed on the original pilot but liked the show enough to ask Lorre and Prady to produce a second one. Jim Chamberlin of IGN praised the episode, Document [4](Title: The Beta Test Initiation) The Beta Test Initiation "The Beta Test Initiation" is the fourteenth episode of the fifth season of the sitcom "The Big Bang Theory". The episode premiered on January 26, 2012 in the United States on CBS. In the episode, Leonard and Penny have resumed dating and they have agreed to a beta test relationship where problems are reported and fixed rather than them getting mad at each other. Leonard goes overboard listing Penny’s faults though their next date at a firing range goes well except for a little accident. Sheldon and Amy have started a weekly Internet podcast on the Document [5](Title: Raj Koothrappali) to lose bladder control. He had no problem speaking to his mother, sisters, or other female relatives. Until the end of the sixth season, Raj remained silent when Penny was present. Penny occasionally taunted him about this, saying such things as "Yo, Raj, talk to me". Raj sometimes whispered what he wanted to say to Howard or Leonard, who then repeated his words or responded to his question out loud. However, Howard sometimes used the situation to amuse himself—for example, when he "confessed" on Raj's behalf that Raj had stalked Penny with binoculars, or when Sheldon called Penny over to Document [6](Title: Wil Wheaton) hosting "TableTop", a board game based show, and "Titansgrave", a roleplaying game based show. He appeared as a fictionalized version of himself in several episodes of the sitcom "The Big Bang Theory", starting in season 3, episode 5: "The Creepy Candy Coating Corollary" (2009). On the show, Wheaton behaves in comically petty and manipulative ways towards main character Sheldon Cooper, who regards him as an archenemy until the season 5 episode "The Russian Rocket Reaction", when they make amends and become friends. Wheaton appears in 12 episodes in a recurring, guest-starring role on "Eureka", playing Dr. Isaac Parrish, the head Document [7](Title: The Recombination Hypothesis) with Amy and Bernadette. Penny acts nervous and Bernadette tells her that everything will work out great since Leonard is crazy about her. Whilst playing Settlers of Catan, Sheldon keeps asking for "wood" to build a road causing Howard and Raj to laugh at him not realizing the sexual innuendo. The gang asks Leonard why he is putting himself through another relationship with Penny. During dinner Leonard asks Penny whether there is a name for a first-date with someone you used to date and Penny replies "awkward." They decide to make-believe like they are on a real first date. Leonard Question: who played penny in the big bang theory Answer:
Kaley Cuoco
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Languages of India) The Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution lists 22 languages , which have been referred to as scheduled languages and given recognition , status and official encouragement . In addition , the Government of India has awarded the distinction of classical language to Kannada , Malayalam , Odia , Sanskrit , Tamil and Telugu . Classical language status is given to languages which have a rich heritage and independent nature . Document [1](Title: Official language) lists 22 languages, which have been referred to as scheduled languages and given recognition, status and official encouragement. In addition, the Government of India has awarded the distinction of classical language to Tamil, Sanskrit, Kannada, Telugu, Malayalam and Odia. On 19 July 2018, the Knesset passed a basic law under the title , which defines Hebrew as "the State's language" and Arabic as a language with "a special status in the State" (article 4). The law further says that it should not be interpreted as compromising the status of the Arabic language in practice prior to the enactment of the Document [2](Title: Culture of India) the Perso-Arabic script. Modern standard Hindi has a lesser Persian influence and is written in the Devanagari script. During the 19th and 20th centuries, Indian English literature developed during the British Raj, pioneered by Rabindranath Tagore, Mulk Raj Anand and Munshi Premchand. In addition to Indo-European and Dravidian languages, Austro-Asiatic and Tibeto-Burman languages are in use in India. The 2011 Linguistic Survey of India states that India has over 780 languages and 66 different scripts, with its state of Arunachal Pradesh with 90 languages. The Mahābhārata and the Rāmāyaṇa are the oldest preserved and well-known epics of India. Versions have Document [3](Title: East India) and Bhojpuri are the dominant language of Bihar. Hindi, Santali, Khortha and Nagpuri are the dominant language of Jharkhand; however, some tribals speak their own tribal languages. Jharkhand has accorded second language status to Angika, Bengali, Bhojpuri, Ho, Kharia, Kurukh, Khortha, Kurmali, Magahi, Maithili, Mundari, Nagpuri, Odia, Santali and Urdu. Odia is the dominant language of Odisha. Odia is the only major classical language in east India and sixth Indian language to be considered as a classical language in the basis of being old and not borrowed from other languages. According to Indian National Mission for Manuscripts, after Sanskrit, Odia Document [4](Title: Punjabi language) role in standardising and providing education in the language via Gurdwaras, while writers of all religions continued to produce poetry, prose, and literature in the language. In India, Punjabi is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India. It is the first official language of the Indian State of Punjab. Punjabi also has second language official status in Delhi along with Urdu, and in Haryana. In Pakistan, no regional ethnic language has been granted official status at the national level, and as such Punjabi is not an official language at the national level, even though it is the most spoken Document [5](Title: Telugu language policy) Telugu language policy Telugu language policy is an issue in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, with 84 percent of the population reporting Telugu as their first language in Andhra Pradesh prior to the secession of Telangana. Telugu-language advocates note a lack of incentivisation and government support for the language, and press for their linguistic rights for Telugu's greater official in the recognition and promotion. Telugu and English are the two dominant languages of instruction in the schools of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, while there are also schools who use other regional languages such as Urdu as the Document [6](Title: Tamil–Kannada languages) of Dravidian Linguistics in Trivandrum, the separation of Tamil and Kannada into independent languages from the Tamil–Kannada inner branch started with the separation of Tulu in about 1500 BCE and completed in about 300 BCE. Kannada, Tamil and Malayalam are recognized among the official languages of India and are spoken mainly in South India. All three are officially recognized as classical languages by the Government of India, along with Sanskrit, Telugu, and Oriya. Tamil and Malayalam have both retroflex lateral (/ɭ/) and retroflex approximant (/ɻ/) sounds, whereas Kannada has retained only the retroflex lateral. Evidence shows that both retroflex fricative Document [7](Title: Linguistic history of India) the growth of literacy, Tamil prose began to blossom and mature. Short stories and novels began to appear. The popularity of Tamil Cinema has also provided opportunities for modern Tamil poets to emerge. Telugu is hypothesised to have originated from a reconstructed Proto-Dravidian language. It is a highly Sanskritised language; as Telugu scholar C.P Brown states in page 266 of his book "A Grammar of the Telugu language": "if we ever make any real progress in the language the student will require the aid of the Sanskrit Dictionary". Prakrit Inscriptions containing Telugu words dated around 400-100 BCE were discovered in Question: how many languages are recognised by indian constitution Answer:
22
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: 2014 FIFA World Cup) 2014 FIFA World Cup Copa do Mundo da FIFA Brasil 2014 2014 FIFA World Cup official logo Juntos num só ritmo ( Together in one rhythm ) Tournament details Host country Brazil Dates 12 June -- 13 July Teams 32 ( from 5 confederations ) Venue ( s ) 12 ( in 12 host cities ) Final positions Champions Germany ( 4th title ) Runners - up Argentina Third place Netherlands Fourth place Brazil Tournament statistics Matches played 64 Goals scored 171 ( 2.67 per match ) Attendance 3,429,873 ( 53,592 per match ) Top scorer ( s ) James Rodríguez ( 6 goals ) Best player Lionel Messi Best young player Paul Pogba Best goalkeeper Manuel Neuer Fair play award Colombia ← 2010 2018 → Document [1](Title: 2014 FIFA World Cup squads) 2014 FIFA World Cup squads The 2014 FIFA World Cup was an international football tournament that was held in Brazil from 12 June to 13 July 2014. The 32 national teams involved in the tournament were required to register a squad of 23 players, including three goalkeepers. Only players in these squads were eligible to take part in the tournament. A provisional list of 30 players per national team was submitted to FIFA by 13 May 2014. FIFA published the 30-player provisional lists on their website on 16 May 2014. The final lists of 23 players per national team were Document [2](Title: 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification (CAF)) 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification (CAF) The Confederation of African Football (CAF) section of the 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification saw 52 teams competing for 5 spots of the 32 spots in the final tournament in Brazil. Fifty-two out of the 53 national associations affiliated to CAF entered the qualifying to determine the continent’s five slots for the next World Cup. The proposed format, announced on 16 May 2011, began in November 2011 with the first round of 12 two-legged knock-out ties. The ties, involving the 24 lowest-ranked teams according to FIFA World Rankings, were drawn in Brazil on 30 Document [3](Title: Golden generation) in qualification. The current Colombia team are considered as the "Second Golden Generation" of Colombia, in reference to Colombia's from the 1980s and 1990s. Under key players James Rodríguez, Juan Cuadrado and Radamel Falcao, the team reached the 2014 FIFA World Cup knockout stage after topping a group featuring Greece, Ivory Coast and Japan, winning all three games. Colombia then beat Uruguay in the round of sixteen, before suffering a 1–2 defeat to host nation Brazil, in the quarter-finals. James Rodríguez was the tournament top goalscorer; and Colombia earned the FIFA Fair Play Award. At the Copa América Centenario, Colombia Document [4](Title: 2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil (video game)) two integrated with EA Sports Football Club) from the 2010 edition returned to the 2014 edition. For the first time in the "FIFA" series, coaches as well as spectators, either in the stadium or through FIFA Fan Fest and generic viewing events worldwide, are included to improve the immersive feeling. Coaches and spectators will react to happenings on the pitch, from scoring a goal to getting a card and winning the World Cup. Then-FIFA president Sepp Blatter even appears to present the World Cup trophy to the captain of the winning team at the final. The game contains all of Document [5](Title: 2014 Grêmio F.B.P.A. season) decided to release Enderson Moreira. With that, the under-20's team head coach André Jardine was promoted to caretaker until a new head coach is hired. Two days later, Grêmio signed with Luiz Felipe Scolari, who headed the Brazil national team during the 2014 FIFA World Cup, as their new manager, making his debut against the rival Internacional, by the 14th fixture of the Série A, with a 2-0 away loss. In Copa do Brasil, Grêmio played against Santos in the Round of 16. On August 28, in the first leg, Grêmio was defeated 2-0 at home. In this match, there Document [6](Title: 2014 FIFA World Cup disciplinary record) 2014 FIFA World Cup disciplinary record The following article outlines the disciplinary record for the 2014 FIFA World Cup, which took place in Brazil from 12 June to 13 July 2014. The main disciplinary action taken against players came in the form of red and yellow cards. Any player sanctioned with a red card was sent off from the pitch and could not be replaced, forcing his team to play a man fewer. Furthermore, the player was automatically banned from his country's next match, whether via a straight red or second yellow. After a straight red card, FIFA conducted a Document [7](Title: 2014 FIFA World Cup Group D) 2014 FIFA World Cup Group D Group D of the 2014 FIFA World Cup consisted of Uruguay, Costa Rica, England, and Italy. This was the only group to contain more than one previous winner of the World Cup, as there were three previous winners. It was also the only group with three top 10 FIFA World Ranking teams as of October 2013 (ranking date for final draw) and at the start of the competition. Play began on 14 June and ended on 24 June 2014. Costa Rica topped the group undefeated, despite being considered underdogs and expected to finish last Question: which country is the champion of fifa world cup 2014 Answer:
Germany
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Pokémon the Movie: I Choose You!) Pokémon the Movie : I Choose You ! , known in Japan as Pocket Monsters the Movie : I Choose You ! ( 劇場 版 ポケットモンスター キミ に きめ た ! , Gekijō - ban Poketto Monsutā Kimi ni kimeta ! ) is a Japanese adventure anime film produced by OLM . Released as the twentieth Pokémon movie and the first film in the Sun and Moon series , it acts as a loose retelling of the original Indigo League saga of the show , released to commemorate the anime 's twentieth anniversary . It premiered at Japan Expo in France on July 6 , 2017 and was released in Japan on July 15 , 2017 . Fathom Events will release the film as a limited theatrical run in the rest of the world on November 5 , 2017 . Document [1](Title: Pokémon the Movie: Genesect and the Legend Awakened) Pokémon the Movie: Genesect and the Legend Awakened Pokémon the Movie: Genesect and the Legend Awakened, originally released in Japan as is a 2013 Japanese anime film directed by Kunihiko Yuyama. It is the 16th "Pokémon" anime movie and the third and the final arc of the Best Wishes series. The movie premiered in theaters on July 13, 2013. The movie features Genesect, the Paleozoic and final Pokémon in the fifth generation, as well as Mewtwo. The events of the film take place during the 16th season of . The film was shown on Cartoon Network in the United States Document [2](Title: Pokémon the Movie: Volcanion and the Mechanical Marvel) promotions for the film, The Pokémon Company hosted a general election for fans to vote which of the 720 Pokémon is their favorite Pokémon, which ran from April 16, 2016 to May 8, 2016. The movie's ending song is titled by YUKI. This film ranked 4th on the Japanese box office grossing ¥323,901,600 ($3.09 million) in its first weekend on 366 screens with 289,971 admissions. On its third day of release (Marine day), it grossed a total of ¥475,547,600 ($4.6 million) with a total of 430,987 admissions. This film grossed second lowest in the opening weekend in its film franchise. Document [3](Title: Zapdos) Zapdos Its first appearance was in "Pokémon Red" and "Blue", where it acts as one of the rarest Pokémon, appearing only once in the entire game. It has made several appearances since, including in the video game "Super Smash Bros. Melee", and it was prominently featured in the theatrical anime film "Pokémon The Movie 2000" as a central character to the plot. Zapdos was one of 151 different designs conceived by Game Freak's character development team and finalized by Ken Sugimori for the first generation of "Pocket Monsters" games "Red" and "Green", which were localized outside Japan as "Pokémon Red" Document [4](Title: Pokémon) Pokémon , also known as in Japan, is a media franchise managed by The Pokémon Company, a Japanese consortium between Nintendo, Game Freak, and Creatures. The franchise copyright is shared by all three companies, but Nintendo is the sole owner of the trademark. The franchise was created by Satoshi Tajiri in 1995, and is centered on fictional creatures called "Pokémon", which humans, known as Pokémon Trainers, catch and train to battle each other for sport. The English slogan for the franchise is "Gotta Catch 'Em All". Works within the franchise are set in the Pokémon universe. The franchise began as Document [5](Title: Pokémon 3: The Movie) performed by girl-group Innosense. Tracks 13 to 15 were karaoke versions. The album also features two "Pokémon" videos, the Pokérap and a scene from the film, which are accessible upon insertion of the disc into a computer. Pokémon 3: The Movie Pokémon 3: The Movie: Entei – Spell of the Unown, commonly referred to as Pokémon 3: The Movie, originally released in Japan as , is a 2000 Japanese anime film directed by Kunihiko Yuyama as the third feature-length Pokémon film. The film stars the voices of Rica Matsumoto, Ikue Ōtani, Mayumi Iizuka, Yūji Ueda, Ikue Ōtani, Koichi Yamadera, Megumi Document [6](Title: Pokémon Emerald) was released by Nintendo which featured a silhouette of the Pokémon Rayquaza. It was distributed by Nintendo in Japan exclusively on their website "Pokémon Trainer Online" and was never released outside of Japan. It was featured in the "Official Nintendo Magazine"s list of rare "Pokémon" consoles. Players who brought their Game Boy Advance with a copy of "Emerald" and a wireless adapter to Booth 2029 of the 2005 Comic-Con International would be given an in-game item called the Mystic Ticket which allows players the opportunity to capture Lugia and Ho-oh. "Emerald" launched in the top spot in Japan with 791,000 Document [7](Title: Yungoos and Gumshoos) Yungoos and Gumshoos Yungoos (), known in Japan as , and Gumshoos (), known in Japan as , are two Pokémon species in Nintendo and Game Freak's "Pokémon" franchise, debuting in the 2016 Nintendo 3DS games "Pokémon Sun" and "Moon". They are common Pokémon found in the Alola Region and appear as part of the player's first Island Trial in "Sun". Their designs draw inspiration from the small Asian mongoose, a real-world invasive species found in Hawaii. Upon reveal of their design, fans noted similarities to the hairstyle of then-United States presidential candidate Donald Trump. Yungoos and Gumshoos are mongoose-like Question: when is the pokemon movie i choose you coming out Answer:
November 5 , 2017
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Aloe vera) Aloe vera ( / ˈæloʊiː / or / ˈæloʊ / ) is a succulent plant species of the genus Aloe . An evergreen perennial , it originates from the Arabian Peninsula but grows wild in tropical climates around the world and is cultivated for agricultural and medicinal uses . The species is also used for decorative purposes and grows successfully indoors as a potted plant . Document [1](Title: Aloe broomii) "Aloe" species, this plant is a water-wise plant that may be used in xeriscaping. It grows well in well-drained soil and flourishes in full sun. This plant is propagated from seed. Aloe broomii Aloe broomii, known as the mountain aloe or snake aloe on account of its odd inflorescence, is a species of flowering plant in the genus "Aloe", found in southern Africa. This aloe is widespread in South Africa and Lesotho. In South Africa, it grows from Beaufort West in the Northern Cape to the Free State (which borders the land-locked enclave of Lesotho), and south and east to Document [2](Title: Aloe ballyi) of Kenya and Tanzania. This rare aloe grows in the bush with acacias and succulents. Aloe ballyi Aloe ballyi (the "rat aloe") is a species of flowering plant in the family Asphodelaceae, native to Kenya and Tanzania. This species of "Aloe" forms tall, slender stems of up to 6 meters. The leaves are long, slender, and mostly straight - only recurving slightly towards the tips. Dead leaves do not long remain on the stem, unlike in the case of most aloes. Unlike most aloes, the "rat aloe" is poisonous. The flowers are only mildly tubular, with their segments united for Document [3](Title: Albuca) . The most popular species is "Albuca nelsonii", which is evergreen and not frost-hardy. Such species are best suited to temperate areas, but can be grown in a conservatory or greenhouse, or in a sheltered position if light frosts might occur. However, some other species from alpine or Karoo-like areas are fairly frost-resistant and may be deciduous, and accordingly can stand a good deal of frost once established. Some in fact are winter-flowering. As a rule they do well in full sun in light, free-draining soil. Propagate from offsets or seed. Albuca Albuca is a genus of flowering plants in Document [4](Title: Venus and Mars (Botticelli)) by the art historian David Bellingham. This plant, often referred to as "poor man's acid", has properties likened to a mixture of opium and alcohol, and may cause fainting or drowsiness as its effects wear off. Others question how this plant, normally considered a native only of North America, might have reached Italy by the 1480s, and dismiss the idea. However, in 2017 the National Gallery website endorsed the identification as a "thorn apple". Bellingham suggests that the growing plant in the bottom right corner is a species of aloe, credited by the Greeks with medicinal powers, as well as Document [5](Title: Drakensberg) rich in plant life, including a large number of species listed in the Red Data Book of threatened plants, with 119 species listed as globally endangered and "of the 2 153 plant species in the park, a remarkable 98 are endemic or near-endemic". The "flora of the high alti-montane grasslands" is mainly tussock grass, creeping plants, and small shrubs such as ericas. These include the rare Spiral Aloe "(Aloe polyphylla)", which as its name suggests has leaves with a spiral shape. Meanwhile, the "lower slopes" are mainly grassland but are also home to conifers, which are rare in Africa, the Document [6](Title: Arenaria aculeata) Arenaria aculeata Arenaria aculeata (syn. "Eremogone aculeata") is a species of flowering plant in the pink family known by the common name prickly sandwort. It is native to the western United States, where it grows mainly in mountainous areas, on rocky slopes and volcanic soils. This is a mat-forming perennial herb growing in clumps of waxy foliage on short, hairy, glandular stems. The leaves are very thin and pointed, somewhat needlelike, and up to 3 or 4 centimeters long. The inflorescence is an open array of flowers with five lance-shaped to oval white petals each one half to one centimeter Document [7](Title: Allium schubertii) Allium schubertii Allium schubertii, which has various common names including ornamental onion, flowering onion, tumbleweed onion and Persian onion, is a species of monocotyledonous flowering plant from the onion and garlic genus, in the subfamily Allioideae part of the Amaryllidaceae, which occurs in the Levant and Libya "Allium schubertii" is a perennial plant which grows from an underground bulb and which produces vivid green, strap-like leaves in the spring, which die back before the it blooms. It grows to around 50 cm tall and lives for 2–5 years. These flowers consist of 50 or more star-shaped, mauve florets on stems Question: where did the aloe vera plant come from Answer:
the Arabian Peninsula
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Indicator plant) Fungi are used to monitor of oil pollution . Scolecobasidium , Mortierella , Humicola , and Verticillum are able to utilize waste oil . Bacteria like Pseudomonas , Clostridium , and Streptococcus are used in assessment ( estimation ) and prediction of changes in marine environment induced by human activities . Pseudomonas metabolizes oil and converts into harmless end product as CO and H O . Document [1](Title: Abiogenic petroleum origin) been studied. Abiotic defenders state that biomarkers get into oil during its way up as it gets in touch with ancient fossils. However a more plausible explanation is that biomarkers are traces of biological molecules from bacteria (archaea) that feed on primordial hydrocarbons and die in that environment. For example, hopanoids are just parts of the bacterial cell wall present in oil as contaminant. Nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and others metals frequently occur in oils. Some heavy crude oils, such as Venezuelan heavy crude have up to 45% vanadium pentoxide content in Document [2](Title: Aluminium) major challenge is the greenhouse gas emissions. These gases result from electrical consumption of the smelters and the byproducts of processing. The most potent of these gases are perfluorocarbons from the smelting process. Released sulfur dioxide is one of the primary precursors of acid rain. A Spanish scientific report from 2001 claimed that the fungus "Geotrichum candidum" consumes the aluminium in compact discs. Other reports all refer back to that report and there is no supporting original research. Better documented, the bacterium "Pseudomonas aeruginosa" and the fungus "Cladosporium resinae" are commonly detected in aircraft fuel tanks that use kerosene-based fuels Document [3](Title: Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry) GC-MS is used for the analysis of unknown organic compound mixtures. One critical use of this technology is the use of GC-MS to determine the composition of bio-oils processed from raw biomass. Foods and beverages contain numerous aromatic compounds, some naturally present in the raw materials and some forming during processing. GC-MS is extensively used for the analysis of these compounds which include esters, fatty acids, alcohols, aldehydes, terpenes etc. It is also used to detect and measure contaminants from spoilage or adulteration which may be harmful and which is often controlled by governmental agencies, for example pesticides. Several GC-MS Document [4](Title: Oil Spill Eater II) Oil Spill Eater II Oil Spill Eater II is a biocatalytic system of preformed multi-enzyme liquid concentrate. When combined with fresh or salt water and oxygen, it will cause crude oil and other organic substances to rapidly decompose, eventually biodegrading them to carbon dioxide and water. Oil Spill Eater II is a bioremediation process for the mitigation of hazardous waste, spills and contamination. It uses bioremediation processes that eliminate hazardous materials. It is a biological enzyme that converts the oil spills into a natural food source for the enhanced native bacteria found in the environment. The result of this process Document [5](Title: Petroleum microbiology) target compounds of interest through interactions with the microbes. For example, bacteria may be used to identify a pollutant by monitoring their response to the specific chemical. The biosensor system may simply use bacterial growth as a pollutant indicator, or rely on genetic assays wherein a reporter gene is induced by the chemical. Many analytical techniques require expensive treatment of soil samples and/or expensive equipment to detect the presence of pollutants. Bacterial biosensor systems offer the potential for cheap, robust detection systems that are selective and highly sensitive. One developed system uses "Pseudomonas fluorescens" HK44 to quantitatively assay for naphthalene Document [6](Title: Pharmaceutical microbiology) to be realized. Cleanrooms and zones are typically classified according to their use (the main activity within each room or zone) and confirmed by the cleanliness of the air by the measurement of particles. Cleanrooms are microbiologically assessed through environmental monitoring methods. Viable monitoring is designed to detect levels of bacteria and fungi present in defined locations /areas during a particular stage in the activity of processing and filling a product. Viable monitoring is designed to detect mesophilic micro-organisms in the aerobic state. However, some manufacturers may have requirements to examine for other types of microorganisms (such as anaerobes if Document [7](Title: LUBILOSA) can be mass-produced relatively quickly in large quantities. Their spores are lipophilic and therefore suspend much more readily in oils than in water. As most locust control is carried out using oil formulations at ultra-low volume (ULV) rates of application, developing an oil formulation of fungal spores enabled operators to use the same equipment for applying a chemical pesticide and maximise efficacy. Usually, fungi are most active under moist conditions and in early attempts to use them as control agents, they were therefore applied in water formulations. However, the results in practice were often disappointing and the approach was largely Question: which group of plants can be used as indicators of so2 pollution of air Answer:
Bacteria
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Rubidium hydroxide) Rubidium hydroxide ( + 1 ) ( RbOH ) is a strong basic chemical and alkali that is formed by one rubidium ion and one hydroxide ion . Document [1](Title: Rubidium hydroxide) Rubidium hydroxide Rubidium hydroxide (+1) (RbOH) is a strong basic chemical and alkali that is formed by one rubidium ion and one hydroxide ion. Rubidium hydroxide does not appear in nature. However it can be obtained by synthesis from rubidium oxide. In addition, rubidium hydroxide is commercially available in form of an aqueous solution from a few suppliers. Rubidium hydroxide is highly corrosive, therefore suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye-face protection are required when handling this material. Rubidium hydroxide can be synthesized from rubidium oxide by dissolving the oxide into water: Rubidium hydroxide is also commercially available from a certain Document [2](Title: Rubidium) Rubidium Rubidium is a chemical element with symbol Rb and atomic number 37. Rubidium is a soft, silvery-white metallic element of the alkali metal group, with a standard atomic weight of 85.4678. Elemental rubidium is highly reactive, with properties similar to those of other alkali metals, including rapid oxidation in air. On Earth, natural rubidium comprises two isotopes: 72% is the stable isotope, Rb; 28% is the slightly radioactive Rb, with a half-life of 49 billion years—more than three times longer than the estimated age of the universe. German chemists Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff discovered rubidium in 1861 by Document [3](Title: Radium) alkali metals potassium, rubidium, and caesium. Solid radium compounds are white as radium ions provide no specific coloring, but they gradually turn yellow and then dark over time due to self-radiolysis from radium's alpha decay. Insoluble radium compounds coprecipitate with all barium, most strontium, and most lead compounds. Radium oxide (RaO) has not been characterized well past its existence, despite oxides being common compounds for the other alkaline earth metals. Radium hydroxide (Ra(OH)) is the most readily soluble among the alkaline earth hydroxides and is a stronger base than its barium congener, barium hydroxide. It is also more soluble than Document [4](Title: Oxyacid) the compound ionizes easily in the way of the former of the two chemical equations above. In this case, the compound XOH is an acid, because it releases a proton, that is, a hydrogen ion. For example, nitrogen, sulfur and chlorine are strongly electronegative elements, and therefore nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and perchloric acid, are strong acids. If, however, the electronegativity of X is low, then the compound is dissociated to ions according to the latter chemical equation, and XOH is an alkaline hydroxide. Examples of such compounds are sodium hydroxide NaOH and calcium hydroxide Ca(OH). Owing to the high Document [5](Title: Aluminium hydroxide) with hydrogen bonds. It is built up of double layers of hydroxyl groups with aluminium ions occupying two-thirds of the octahedral holes between the two layers. Aluminium hydroxide is amphoteric. In acid, it acts as a Brønsted-Lowry base by picking up hydrogen ions and neutralizes the acid, yielding a salt: In bases, it acts a Lewis acid by taking an electron pair from the hydroxide ions: Four polymorphs of aluminium hydroxide exist, all based on the common combination of one aluminium atom and three hydroxide molecules into different crystalline arrangements that determine the appearance and properties of the compound. The Document [6](Title: Beryllium hydroxide) Beryllium hydroxide Beryllium hydroxide, Be(OH), is an amphoteric hydroxide, dissolving in both acids and alkalis. Industrially, it is produced as a by-product in the extraction of beryllium metal from the ores beryl and bertrandite. The natural pure beryllium hydroxide is rare (in form of the mineral behoite, orthorhombic) or very rare (clinobehoite, monoclinic). When alkali is added to beryllium salt solutions the α-form (a gel) is formed. If this left to stand or boiled, the rhombic β-form precipitates. This has the same structure as zinc hydroxide, Zn(OH), with tetrahedral beryllium centers. With alkalis it dissolves to form the tetrahydroxoberyllate/tetrahydroxidoberyllate anion, Document [7](Title: Rubicline) Rubicline Rubicline, also referred to as Rb-microcline, is the rubidium analogue of microcline, an important tectosilicate mineral. Its chemical formula is (Rb, K)[AlSiO] with an ideal composition of RbAlSiO. Chemical analysis by electron microprobe indicated the average weight of the crystal is 56.66% SiO, 16.95% AlO, and 23.77% RbO, along with trace amounts of caesium oxide (CsO) and iron(III) oxide (FeO). Rubicline was first discovered in 1998 in Elba, Italy, by a team from the University of Manitoba. It was the first mineral to have been discovered with rubidium as an essential constituent. It has also been found in Mozambique Question: what is the chemical formula for the base rubidium hydroxide Answer:
RbOH
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Clara Edwards) Clara Edwards ( originally Bertha Edwards , Bertha Johnson and then Clara Johnson ) is a fictional character on the American television sitcom The Andy Griffith Show ( 1960 -- 1968 ) . Clara was portrayed by actress Hope Summers . Document [1](Title: Elinor "Ellie" Walker) 1964 season. A more credible story that Donahue relayed was that she was undergoing personal problems during her year on the show and simply lacked confidence in the quality of her performance. She asked the producers to release her from her contract, which they did. Donahue also admitted that she was a little hurt that they agreed so readily. Elinor "Ellie" Walker Elinor "Ellie" Walker is a fictional character in the American television sitcom "The Andy Griffith Show". She is notable for being Andy Taylor's first regular girlfriend seen on the show. Ellie makes 12 appearances in the first season. Document [2](Title: Enid Markey) "leading lady with the New York Motion Picture Company", was "badly injured" during the production. During her scene in which the lava flow destroys the village she was surrounded by smoke and fumes and nearly asphyxiated, but had recovered by May 1914. Her last appearance was in "The Boston Strangler" (1968). During the 1950s and 1960s she appeared in several television guest-starring roles, including "The Andy Griffith Show" as Barney Fife's landlady, Mrs. Mendelbright, and in an episode of "Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.", as Grandma Pyle. In the 1960-1961 season, Markey was cast as Aunt Violet Flower in CBS's "Bringing Up Document [3](Title: The New Andy Griffith Show) tem". The series is set in the fictional small city of Greenwood, North Carolina, with a population slightly under 13,000 residents and thus noticeably larger than Mayberry. Andy Sawyer was the model family man, always agreeable and understanding, spending lots of quality time with his children. His character bore more of a folksy attitude Griffith had previously portrayed in early episodes of "The Andy Griffith Show" and the teleplay and film "No Time for Sergeants". Lee Meriwether was cast as Andy's wife, reprising a pairing of the two from the film "Angel in My Pocket". Marty McCall and Lori Rutherford Document [4](Title: Aunt Bee) Clara is a well-meaning woman, she often proves irksome when positioning herself as Bee's rival for the attentions of the single, older gentlemen passing through Mayberry. She vies with Bee in cooking contests and flower shows and replaces her in the town pageant when Bee realizes she has no talent for theatricals. Clara and Bee attended school together as girls, even playing on the same basketball team. They compose an anthem celebrating the good life in Mayberry and, in one episode, vacation in Mexico with their friend Myrtle. Clara is sometimes a petty and jealous woman, often ruining Bee's pleasure Document [5](Title: Hope Summers) Three Sons", "Petticoat Junction", "Love on a Rooftop", "The Pruitts of Southampton", "The Second Hundred Years", "Adam-12" and "The Paul Lynde Show", and was a regular in the cast of the short-lived 1978 situation comedy "Another Day". She made thirty-six appearances on the "Andy Griffith Show" during the 1960s (in earlier episodes her character was called Bertha), and five appearances on the post-Griffith spinoff, "Mayberry R.F.D.". Her film work usually was in quite small parts, often unbilled, but she had a credited part as Mrs. Gilmore, one of the kindlier members of the witches' coven at the heart of Roman Document [6](Title: Helen, the Authoress) Helen, the Authoress "Helen, the Authoress" is an episode from the American television program "The Andy Griffith Show" broadcast Monday, February 27, 1967 on CBS. Helen's sudden celebrity as an author creates a rift in her relationship with Andy. "Helen, the Authoress" was the 24th episode in the show's seventh season, and the 213th episode in the complete series. This episode marks the first time that Helen Crump is referred to as Andy's fiancee. Andy would marry Helen Crump in the first episode of the spin-off series, "Mayberry RFD". The episode opens in Helen's house. Andy scans a listing of Document [7](Title: Paper Airplane (The Office)) Kinsey). Dwight, who is dating Esther (Nora Kirkpatrick), tries to throw the contest. Angela is flattered by the gesture. However, when Esther expresses her condolences to Angela about her financial situation since her husband separated from her, she realizes that Dwight is letting her win out of pity, not love. Angered, she rebuffs Dwight's pity and lets him win the contest. Meanwhile, Andy Bernard (Ed Helms) prepares for an acting job in a laboratory safety video that was arranged by his talent agent, Carla Fern (Roseanne Barr). The directors continuously have to talk him out of overacting, and he backs Question: who plays clara johnson on the andy griffith show Answer:
actress Hope Summers
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Edward VIII abdication crisis) In 1936 , a constitutional crisis in the British Empire arose when King - Emperor Edward VIII proposed to marry Wallis Simpson , an American socialite who was divorced from her first husband and was pursuing the divorce of her second . Document [1](Title: Edward VIII abdication crisis) because since 1936 the contemporary public considerations have lost most of their force and so seem, wrongly, to provide insufficient explanation for the King's departure". Edward VIII abdication crisis In 1936, a constitutional crisis in the British Empire arose when King-Emperor Edward VIII proposed to marry Wallis Simpson, an American socialite who was divorced from her first husband and was pursuing the divorce of her second. The marriage was opposed by the governments of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth. Religious, legal, political and moral objections were raised. As British monarch, Edward was the nominal head Document [2](Title: Edward VIII abdication crisis) abdication in December 1936. He was succeeded by his brother George VI. Edward was given the title "His Royal Highness the Duke of Windsor" following his abdication, and he married Simpson the following year. They remained married until his death 35 years later. Edward had been introduced to Wallis Simpson, an American citizen and wife of British shipping executive Ernest Aldrich Simpson, by Lady Furness on 10 January 1931. Ernest Simpson was Wallis's second husband; her first marriage, to U.S. Navy pilot Win Spencer, had ended in divorce in 1927. It is generally accepted that Wallis Simpson and the Prince Document [3](Title: Edward VIII abdication crisis) it was widely believed that Edward could not marry Simpson and remain on the throne. Simpson was perceived to be politically and socially unsuitable as a prospective queen consort because of her two failed marriages. It was widely assumed by the Establishment that she was driven by love of money or position rather than love for the King. Despite the opposition, Edward declared that he loved Simpson and intended to marry her as soon as her second divorce was finalised. The widespread unwillingness to accept Simpson as the King's consort and Edward's refusal to give her up led to his Document [4](Title: Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother) Simpson. Although legally Edward could have married Simpson, as King he was also head of the Church of England, which at that time did not allow divorced people to remarry. Edward's ministers believed that the people would never accept Simpson as Queen and advised against the marriage. As a constitutional monarch, Edward was obliged to follow ministerial advice. Rather than abandon his plans to marry Simpson, he chose to abdicate in favour of Albert, who reluctantly became King in his place on 11 December 1936 under the regnal name of George VI. George VI and Elizabeth were crowned King and Document [5](Title: Theodore Goddard) "patriotic" citizen's intervention (a legal device to block the divorce), and that such an intervention would be successful. The courts could not grant a divorce by consent of both parties, and so the case was being handled as if it were an undefended at-fault divorce brought against Mr Simpson, with Mrs Simpson as the innocent, injured party. The divorce action would fail if the citizen's intervention showed that Mrs Simpson had colluded with her husband by, for example, conniving in or staging the appearance of his adultery so that she could marry someone else. On 7 December 1936, the King Document [6](Title: Wallis Simpson) on a way to marry Wallis and keep the throne. The King suggested a morganatic marriage, where he would remain king but Wallis would not be queen, but this was rejected by Baldwin and the Prime Ministers of Australia, Canada, and the Union of South Africa. If the King were to marry Wallis against Baldwin's advice, the Government would be required to resign, causing a constitutional crisis. Wallis's relationship with the King had become public knowledge in the United Kingdom by early December. She decided to flee the country as the scandal broke, and was driven to the south of Document [7](Title: Andrew Colville) Simpson to take charge of HBC affairs in Canada. During Simpson's long administration (1820–60) the two worked closely together, one in London business circles and the other in the wilds of Canada. His first wife was Elizabeth Susannah, daughter of John Wedderburn of Clapham, but she died in 1803, only a year after their marriage. They had no children, but he inherited the Wedderburn estate in Jamaica. In 1806, he married the Hon. Mary Louisa Eden, fifth daughter of William Eden, 1st Baron Auckland, and was thus connected to an influential family of politicians and diplomats. The couple had four Question: who abdicated the throne to marry a commoner Answer:
Edward VIII
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Qadam Qadam Badaye Ja) '' Qadam Qadam Badhaye Ja '' ( Hindi : क़दम क़दम बढ़ाये जा ) was the regimental quick march of the Subhas Chandra Bose 's Indian National Army . Written by Pt . Vanshidhar Shukla and composed by Ram Singh Thakuri , it was banned in India after World War II as '' seditious '' , which was subsequently lifted in August 1947 . The song has since become a patriotic song in India , and has been re-interpreted by various Indian musicians including C. Ramachandra and A.R. Rahman . The song is currently the regimental quickmarch of the Indian Army . Document [1](Title: Mehboob (singer)) alcoholic and finally died nearly an impoverished man, aged 56. Many of his songs were remixed and used in later Malayalam films like in the 1999 Mohanlal-starrer "Usthaad", a part of the song "Theerchaayilla Janam", written by Kannan Pareekutty and sung in 1956, was rendered by Mohanlal. The 2013 film "Annayum Rasoolum" used the songs "Kandu Randu Kannu", composed by M. S. Baburaj and written by P. A. Kasim for the 1973 film "Chuzhi" and "Kayalinakkare" written by Meppalli Balan. The 2013 film "" featured the song "Nayapaisayilla" from the film "Neelisaali" (1960). pattinte panapathram a biography on mehaboob vennala Document [2](Title: Dadra) Agra and in Bundelkhand region. It was originally accompanied by dadra tala (from where the term for the genre was borrowed), but later dadra compositions are often found in other light talas (such as "keherwa"). The peculiarity of Dadra genre is that the Sthayi is in Braj Bhasha while the Antara is sometimes in Urdu. It is one of the illustrations of how cultures have amalgamated and coexisted in Indian classical music . There have been some Bollywood songs as well based on the same for instance Madan Mohan (music director) composition -"Lag Jaa Gale", a song from the movie Document [3](Title: K. D. Santhanam) of Neela (Jayalalitha) in the film. He featured as the father of M. G. Ramachandran in the film Aasai Mugam. During the 1950s, Tamil Cinema had a number of classic lyricists who enriched the films with their variety of songs. Udumalai Narayana Kavi and Pattukkottai Kalyanasundaram wrote leftist oriented songs. A. Maruthakasi specialised in Agricultural songs. Ku. Ma. Balasubramaniam wrote melodious songs. Kannadasan wrote on life and philosophy. Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass wrote songs that appealed to the common man. Santhanam made his mark by writing songs with rhythmic flow known in Tamil as Santham. A classic example of his Document [4](Title: Jawaharlal Nehru University) march was filled with songs and slogans; the students also painted a zebra crossing in rainbow colours and wrapped trees with rainbow coloured threads. On 9 February, a cultural evening was organised by 10 students, formerly of the Democratic Students' Union (DSU), at the Sabarmati Dhaba, against the execution of Afzal Guru and separatist leader Maqbool Bhat, and for Kashmir's right to self-determination."Anti-India" slogans like ""Pakistan Zindabad"",""Kashmir ki azadi tak jung chalegi, Bharat ki barbadi tak jung chalegi"" ("War will continue till Kashmir's freedom, war will continue till India's demolition") were "reportedly raised at the protest meet." Protests by members Document [5](Title: Prithivirajan) there. She puts the garland to the statue of Prithivirajan. But, lo and behold, the statue turns into real life Prithivirajan who takes the hand of Samyuktha and off they went to the utter astonishment of King Jayachandran and others. The list is adapted from The Hindu article. Though this was a historical film, Subramania Bharati's song "Bharata Samudhaayam Vaazhgave", of the 1930s Indian Freedom Movement period, was included in the film and sung by the hero P. U. Chinnappa. Bharati was not credited in the titles because there was British rule in India at that time and Bharati's songs Document [6](Title: Anbe Vaa) ulagam vizhithukonda velaiyile, imayathil irukkum kulir kaatru Ithayathai thodukirathu"" ("While rising sun shines, the world will become aware, the cool wind from Himalaya will touch the heart") in that pre-election year. Film historian Randor Guy of "The Hindu" concurred that the black and red shirt Ramachandran sports in that song "had a political touch." This referred to the colours of the DMK flag. Released under the Saregama label, the film's soundtrack and score were composed by M. S. Viswanathan, while the lyrics were written by Vaali. Kalyan Subrahmanyam, an anaesthetist and alumnus of Madras Medical College and Stanley Medical College, Document [7](Title: Ethir Neechal (1968 film)) tears." Cinematography was handled by N. Balakrishnan, editing by N. R. Kittu and art direction by Ramaswamy. The music was composed by V. Kumar, with lyrics by Vaali. The song "Aduthathu Ambujatha Parthela" is set in the carnatic raga known as Mohanam, and attained popularity. "The Indian Express" called the music "below par". Although P. B. Sreenivas' cinematic career was declining in the late 1960s, B. Kolappan of "The Hindu" described "Thamarai Kannangal" as "one of his finer numbers during this period." "Ethir Neechal" was released on 12 December 1968. The following week, "The Indian Express" wrote, "The film, which Question: who wrote the song kadam kadam badhaye ja khusi ke geet gaye ja Answer:
Pt . Vanshidhar Shukla
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Smiling Buddha) Smiling Buddha ( MEA designation : Pokhran - I ) was the assigned code name of India 's first successful nuclear bomb test on 18 May 1974 . The bomb was detonated on the army base , Pokhran Test Range ( PTR ) , in Rajasthan by the Indian Army under the supervision of several key Indian generals . Document [1](Title: A. P. J. Abdul Kalam) the "Missile Man of India" for his work on the development of ballistic missile and launch vehicle technology. He also played a pivotal organisational, technical, and political role in India's "Pokhran-II" nuclear tests in 1998, the first since the original nuclear test by India in 1974. Kalam was elected as the 11th President of India in 2002 with the support of both the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and the then-opposition Indian National Congress. Widely referred to as the "People's President", he returned to his civilian life of education, writing and public service after a single term. He was a recipient Document [2](Title: Foreign relations of India) (UN) mandated ceasefire and the subsequent issuance of the Tashkent Declaration. India and Pakistan went to war again in 1971, this time the conflict being over East Pakistan. The large-scale atrocities committed there by the Pakistan army led to millions of Bengali refugees pouring over into India. India, along with the Mukti Bahini, defeated Pakistan and the Pakistani forces surrendered on the eastern front. The war resulted in the creation of Bangladesh. In 1998, India carried out the Pokhran-II nuclear tests which was followed by Pakistan's Chagai-I tests. Following the Lahore Declaration in February 1999, relations briefly improved. A few Document [3](Title: Samar Mubarakmand) Balochistan, Pakistan where he personally supervised the complete assembly of all five nuclear devices. Mubarakmand himself walked a total of 5 km back and forth in the hot tunnels checking and re-checking the devices and the cables which would be forever buried under the concrete. On 28 May 1998, Mubarakmand led the countdown of the tests, codename Chagai-I, in Balochistan, Pakistan . Dr Samar Mubarakmand was called by PM Nawaz to Prime Minister House just after India conducted Pokhran II and PM Nawaz asked him the status of preparedness of Pakistan and (Dr Mubarakmand) assured PM Nawaz that scientists were Document [4](Title: Kirana Hills) any fissile material by 1983. So, the most difficult step in building a nuclear weapon had yet to be taken by PAEC. The need to improve and perfect the design of the first nuclear device required constant testing. 24 different cold tests were conducted between 1983 and 1990 with the help of mobile diagnostic equipment. These tests were carried out in 24 horizontal-shaft designated weapon-testing laboratories measuring in length, which were bored inside the Kirana Hills. The United States Vela satellites began monitoring the region, leading to the testing program being moved to Kala Chitta Range. The test sites were Document [5](Title: Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction) devices," although the UK conducted such tests in Australia and the United States. His statement was also traced by Samar Mubarakmand who acknowledged that cold tests were carried out, under codename "Kirana-I", in a test site which was built by the Corps of Engineers under the guidance of the PAEC. According to a 2001 Department of Defense report, China has supplied Pakistan with nuclear materials and has provided critical technical assistance in the construction of Pakistan's nuclear weapons development facilities, in violation of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, of which China is a signatory. In 2001 visit to India, the Chairman Document [6](Title: Muhammad Hafeez Qureshi) designing process was led by Munir Ahmad Khan and Qureshi and Corps of Engineers led the construction of this plutonium separation reactor. In 1980, the reactor west critical under Ishfaq Ahmad and attained its full power in 1981. The reactor was reprocessed at 50% efficiency, and produces the first batch of weapon-grade plutonium in 1982. On 11 March 1983, Qureshi and Zaman had eye-witnessed the successful cold-fission test, codename "Kirana-I", near at the Kirana Hills. Both engineers were charged with another task to form, this division known as Directorate for Technical Development (DTD). The DTD examined the same problems as Document [7](Title: Pakistan–United States relations) and arm race between the Soviet Union and the United States heightened. [[File:Meeting with the President of Pakistan in the Oval Office - NARA - 194749.tif|left|290px|thumb|[[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto|Bhutto]] meeting with [[Richard Nixon|Nixon]] in 1972.]] In 1974, with India carried out the test of nuclear weapons near the Pakistan's eastern border, codename "[[Smiling Buddha]]", Bhutto sought the United States to impose economic sanctions in India. Though it was unsuccessful approach, in a meeting of Pakistan's Ambassador to the United States with Secretary of State [[Henry Kissinger]], Kissinger told Pakistan's ambassador to Washington that the test is "a fait accompli and that Question: when did india test its first nuclear bomb Answer:
18 May 1974
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Quantum number) Principal quantum number ( n ) Document [1](Title: Principal quantum number) principal quantum number "n". The principal quantum number was first created for use in the semiclassical Bohr model of the atom, distinguishing between different energy levels. With the development of modern quantum mechanics, the simple Bohr model was replaced with a more complex theory of atomic orbitals. However, the modern theory still requires the principal quantum number. Apart from the principal quantum number, the other quantum numbers for bound electrons are the azimuthal quantum number ℓ, the magnetic quantum number "m", and the spin quantum number . There is a set of quantum numbers associated with the energy states of Document [2](Title: Molecular vibration) that can take values of 0, 1, 2 ... In molecular spectroscopy where several types of molecular energy are studied and several quantum numbers are used, this "vibrational quantum number" is often designated as "v". The difference in energy when "n" (or "v") changes by 1 is therefore equal to formula_13, the product of the Planck constant and the vibration frequency derived using classical mechanics. For a transition from level "n" to level "n+1" due to absorption of a photon, the frequency of the photon is equal to the classical vibration frequency formula_14 (in the harmonic oscillator approximation). See quantum Document [3](Title: Good quantum number) numbers in this case, (which are the eigenvalues of these observables) are formula_82. We have omitted formula_74, since it always is constant for an electron and carries no significance as far the labeling of states is concerned. Good quantum numbers and CSCO However, all the good quantum numbers in the above case of the hydrogen atom (with negligible spin-orbit coupling), namely formula_82 can't be used simultaneously to specify a state. Here is when CSCO (Complete set of commuting observables) comes into play. Here are some general results which are of general validity : 1. A certain number of good quantum Document [4](Title: Gas in a box) any point will be Suppose each set of quantum numbers specify "f" states where "f" is the number of internal degrees of freedom of the particle that can be altered by collision. For example, a spin ½ particle wou1ld have "f"="2", one for each spin state. For large values of "n", the number of states with magnitude of momentum less than or equal to "p" from the above equation is approximately which is just "f" times the volume of a sphere of radius "n" divided by eight since only the octant with positive "n" is considered. Using a continuum approximation, Document [5](Title: Nuclear isomer) quantum unit "ħ" in the spin angular momentum. This change is necessary to emit a gamma photon which has a spin of 1 unit in this system. Integral changes of 2, 3, 4, and more units in angular momentum are possible, but the emitted photons carry off the additional angular momentum. Changes of more than 1 unit are known as forbidden transitions. Each additional unit of spin change larger than 1 that the emitted gamma ray must carry inhibits decay rate by about 5 orders of magnitude. The highest known spin change of 8 units occurs in the decay of Document [6](Title: Quantum harmonic oscillator) the same energy. For a given "n", we choose a particular "n". Then "n" + "n" = "n" − "n". There are "n" − "n" + 1 possible pairs {"n", "n"}. "n" can take on the values 0 to "n" − "n", and for each "n" the value of "n" is fixed. The degree of degeneracy therefore is: Formula for general "N" and "n" ["g" being the dimension of the symmetric irreducible "n" power representation of the unitary group "U"("N")]: The special case "N" = 3, given above, follows directly from this general equation. This is however, only true for Document [7](Title: Exponentiation) called a primitive "n"th root of unity. The negative unit −1 is the only primitive square root of unity. The imaginary unit "i" is one of the two primitive 4th roots of unity; the other one is −"i". The number "e" is the primitive "n"th root of unity with the smallest positive argument. (It is sometimes called the principal "n"th root of unity, although this terminology is not universal and should not be confused with the principal value of , which is 1.) The other "n"th roots of unity are given by for . Although there are infinitely many possible Question: n is known as the what quantum number Answer:
Principal
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: I'll Be Good to You) '' I 'll Be Good to You '' is a 1976 hit song by R&B duo The Brothers Johnson . George Johnson , one of the two Johnson brothers in the band , wrote the song after deciding to commit to a relationship with one woman , instead of dating several at a time . While George was recording a demo for the song , family friend Senora Sam came by and added some lyrics . Brothers Johnson producer and mentor Quincy Jones heard the song , liked it , and convinced George to sing lead on the finished track . Released from their debut album , Look Out for # 1 , it was a top - ten hit on the Billboard Hot Singles Charts , peaking at number three , and a number one song on the Billboard R&B Charts during the summer of 1976 . The single was later certified gold by the RIAA . Document [1](Title: You're So Good to Me) You're So Good to Me "You're So Good to Me" is a song by American rock band The Beach Boys. It was originally released on June 5, 1965 by Capitol Records, on the album "Summer Days (And Summer Nights!!)". The track was later included as the B-side of the group's single "Sloop John B", which was released on March 21, 1966. "MOJO" later wrote that the song was the closest the group had come to northern soul. Wilson wrote in 1990 that the track was "spearheaded by a guitar sent through a Leslie organ speaker. It gave it an eerie Document [2](Title: The Jackson 5) of Fame in 1999. They were among the first black American performers to attain a crossover following, preceded by the Supremes, the Four Tops, and the Temptations. The Jackson 5 were also the first group to debut with four consecutive number one hits on the Hot 100 with the songs "I Want You Back", "ABC", "The Love You Save", and "I'll Be There". The five Jackson brothers' interest in music was bolstered by their father Joe Jackson. In 1962, Joe found Tito playing with his guitar after a string broke, and he was impressed enough to buy him his own Document [3](Title: You Know Me Better Than That) idolizes him, but this only makes him unhappy. He's haunted by his many flaws, which the former girlfriend knows all too well. He feels certain the new girlfriend will someday realize his inadequacies, and he clearly pines for his old life. It's a rare song in that it deals with the "Impostor syndrome," the belief that one's good fortune is undeserved and likely to disappear. You Know Me Better Than That "You Know Me Better Than That" is a song written by Anna Lisa Graham and Tony Haselden, and recorded by American country music artist George Strait. It was released Document [4](Title: The McCrarys) music in the mid-1970s, Howard left the group to continue in gospel. The group released their first album "Emerge" on Cat's Eye records in 1973, featuring the title song along with Kung Fu, Be A Father To Your Son, 6 other McCrary tunes and You've Got A Friend. The group relocated to Los Angeles and recorded a series of R&B albums in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Their biggest hit was "You" (written by Alfred, Linda and Sam McCrary), which featured harmonica by Stevie Wonder. A huge R&B single, the song also achieved significant airplay on Pop radio stations, Document [5](Title: Earl-Jean McCrea) father; the baby, Dawn Reavis, was born in July 1964. She left the Cookies, and signed for Colpix, where she recorded the Goffin and King song "I'm Into Something Good" (Colpix CP 729), which reached no.38 in the United States on the "Billboard" Hot 100. Later that year in Britain, a cover version by Herman's Hermits topped the charts. She recorded a follow-up single in 1964, again written by Goffin and King, called 'Randy You're Quite a Guy" (Colpix CP 748) but this failed to chart. Goffin and King gave Earl-Jean financial support, but she did not have any further Document [6](Title: I'll Be Satisfied) I'll Be Satisfied "I'll Be Satisfied" is a popular song. Recorded and released by Jackie Wilson in 1959, the single peaked at #20 on the "Billboard" Hot 100, and was a Top 10 R&B hit, peaking at # 6. It was written, like many of Wilson's early hits, by future Motown founder Berry Gordy along with Gordy's sister Gwendolyn and Roquel "Billy" Davis, writing under his songwriting alias of Tyran Carlo. This up-tempo rocker could best be described as "proto Motown", featuring many of the musical and lyrical features that Gordy would employ on his later recordings for his Motown Document [7](Title: Too Good to Be True (album)) Too Good to Be True (album) Too Good To Be True is an album by The Everly Brothers, released in 2005. Consisting entirely of self-written demonstration recordings recorded between their formative years of 1957 and 1960 (except for the last track, "It's All Over", a solo vocal performance from brother Don in 1976), "Too Good To Be True" is a bringing together of almost entirely completely unreleased recordings ("Give Me A Future" had already been released in its complete form on the 1992 collection "Classic Everly Brothers"), the album was the result of a collaboration between Cary Mansfield and Andrew Question: who sings i'll be good to you Answer:
The Brothers Johnson
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Crimes (Substituted Section 59) Amendment Act 2007) The law was introduced to the New Zealand Parliament as a private members bill by Green Party Member of Parliament Sue Bradford in 2005 , after being drawn from the ballot . It drew intense debate , both in Parliament and from the public . The bill was colloquially referred to by several of its opponents and newspapers as the '' anti-smacking bill '' . The bill was passed on its third reading on 16 May 2007 by 113 votes to eight . The Governor - General of New Zealand granted the bill Royal Assent on 21 May 2007 , and the law came into effect on 21 June 2007 . Document [1](Title: Electoral Finance Act 2007) was due by 25 January 2008. Public submissions on the Bill closed on 7 September 2007. Radio New Zealand reported on 31 August that the Government had indicated it might write to the Committee indicating that it intended to make unspecified changes to the parts of the legislation dealing with third parties. This would have prevented the Committee from hearing criticism of the existing provisions and allow the Government to introduce changes during the Committee of the Whole House without the public being able to make submissions on the new provisions. Then Prime Minister Helen Clark denied this. Investigative journalist Document [2](Title: Marriage (Definition of Marriage) Amendment Act 2013) leader David Shearer also declared his support for Wall's bill and said that Labour Party MPs would be allowed to cast conscience votes. New Zealand First announced it would abstain, and that the legalisation of same-sex marriage should be put to a referendum. However, at the first reading, all New Zealand First MPs opposed the bill, largely because abstentions reduce the majority needed for a bill to pass. On 29 August 2012, the bill passed its first reading on a conscience vote with 80 votes in favour, 40 votes against, and one abstention. The vote was originally recorded as 78 Document [3](Title: Simpson v Attorney-General) to initiate a cause of action for breaches of the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act, a previously unavailable remedy. Where a plaintiff has an existing cause of action but feels the remedy is insufficient, they are also able to sue under this ground additionally. The case was criticised as representing an example of judicial activism, and that Parliament did not intend to offer financial compensation for breaches of the act. This was particularly true because in New Zealand, the act is not entrenched nor does it achieve the status of "Supreme Law" like similar nations have in their constitutions. Document [4](Title: Local and personal Acts of Parliament (United Kingdom)) which could be affected by the proposed law can object to it, either through presenting a petition of their own or securing the support of a Member of Parliament to block the bill. When the bill is sent to a committee of each House, the committee hears arguments for and against the bill in a way quite similar to a civil court hearing: the promoter (often represented by a barrister) has to prove their case and satisfy the committee that the bill is necessary, whilst any opposers will seek to demonstrate that it is not. If the committee agrees that Document [5](Title: Constitution Act 1986) various constitutional provisions in a single enactment that would replace the New Zealand Constitution Act 1852, thus "patriating" the Constitution Act to New Zealand. A Bill was introduced into Parliament during mid-1986, and was passed unanimously with the support of both the Labour and National parties on 13 December 1986. The act came into force on 1 January 1987. Amendments were passed during 1987 and 1999. The Act repealed the New Zealand Constitution Act 1852, renamed the General Assembly as the "Parliament of New Zealand" and ended the right of the Parliament of the United Kingdom to make laws for Document [6](Title: Electoral Finance Act 2007) the Greens, United Future, and the Progressive Party supporting it. National, ACT, the Māori Party, and independents Gordon Copeland and Taito Phillip Field voted against it, the Māori party voting two of its four votes in favour. The Committee of the whole House stage began on 3 December 2007. The Bill passed its third reading on 18 December 2007 by 63 votes to 57, with the National Party, the Maori Party, ACT, United Future and independent MP Taito Phillip Field voting against and Labour, the Greens, New Zealand First and Progressive voting for. Independent MP Gordon Copeland did not vote. Document [7](Title: Doug Kidd) prompted by Wall v Livingston [1982], which clarified that embryos and fetuses had no legal status in New Zealand and that third parties could not appeal to the courts on their behalf. The bill was supported by groups such as Society for the Protection of the Unborn Child (now Voice for Life and Right to Life New Zealand) but defeated by pro-choice groups led by Marilyn Waring. After the 1996 election, Kidd was elected Speaker of the House of Representatives; Derek Quigley also contested the position. He replaced Peter Tapsell, a Labour Party MP who had held the speakership because Question: when did the anti smacking law came in Answer:
21 June 2007
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: I Will Always Love You) Country music singer - songwriter Dolly Parton wrote the song in 1973 for her one - time partner and mentor Porter Wagoner , from whom she was separating professionally after a seven - year partnership . She recorded it in RCA 's Studio B in Nashville on June 13 , 1973 . '' I Will Always Love You '' was issued on June 6 , 1974 , as the second single from Parton 's thirteenth solo studio album , Jolene ( 1974 ) . In 1982 , Parton re-recorded the song , when it was included on the soundtrack to the film The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas . In addition to the 1982 re-recording for the soundtrack album , Parton 's original 1974 recording of the song also appeared in Martin Scorsese 's film Alice Does n't Live Here Anymore , and the 1996 film It 's My Party . The song also won Parton Female Vocalist of the Year at the 1975 CMA Awards . Document [1](Title: I Will Always Love You) I Will Always Love You "I Will Always Love You" is a song originally written and recorded in 1973 by American singer-songwriter Dolly Parton. Her country version of the track was released in 1974 as a single and was written as a farewell to her one-time partner and mentor of seven years, Porter Wagoner, following Parton's decision to pursue a solo career. Parton's version of "I Will Always Love You" was a commercial success. It reached number one on the "Billboard" Hot Country Songs chart twice. It first reached number one in June 1974, and then in October 1982, with Document [2](Title: Whitney Houston) was so wrong." Many other celebrities released statements responding to Houston's death. Darlene Love, Houston's godmother, hearing the news of her death, said, "It felt like I had been struck by a lightning bolt in my gut." Dolly Parton, whose song "I Will Always Love You" was covered by Houston, said, "I will always be grateful and in awe of the wonderful performance she did on my song, and I can truly say from the bottom of my heart, 'Whitney, I will always love you. You will be missed. Aretha Franklin said, "It's so stunning and unbelievable. I couldn't believe Document [3](Title: Music of Oregon) album "Glyph". As for songs about Eugene, two country stars have weighed in. Dolly Parton wrote a song about Eugene in 1972, which was released in the 4-CD box set "Dolly" in 2009, with the refrain, "Eugene, Oregon I'll remember you for the rest of my life, I won't forget how good you were to me, No and I won't be forgettin' all the kindness that you show To a homesick country girl a long, long way from Tennessee." In addition, Johnny Cash recorded the song "Lumberjack," written by Leon Payne, referring to Eugene Saturday nights: "Well you work in Document [4](Title: Roxanne Seeman) Taiwanese talent show, "One Million Star" (超級星光大道), singing "I Will Always Love You" (written and originally sung by Dolly Parton) in the style of Whitney Houston's cover version., released "Saving Grace", co-written by Steinke with Roxanne Seeman and Finn Martin, on his "Endlessly" album. Seeman returned to Hong Kong in May 2012 for the finale concerts of Jacky Cheung's 1/2 Century Tour. From there, Seeman went to Suzhou to meet Han Xue, who recorded "Lonely Kiss" for her Gold Typhoon Mainland China release. She continued to Shanghai, Beijing, where she met Ai Dai, also recording Seeman's songs, and Tokyo. An Document [5](Title: Dolly Parton) "You Gotta Be My Baby" to the AIDS benefit album "Red Hot + Country" produced by the Red Hot Organization. A live acoustic album, "", featuring stripped down versions of some of her hits, as well as some traditional songs, was released in late 1994. Parton's recorded music during the mid- to late-1990s remained steady and somewhat eclectic. Her 1995 re-recording of "I Will Always Love You" (performed as a duet with Vince Gill), from her album "Something Special." won the Country Music Association's Vocal Event of the Year Award. The following year, "Treasures", an album of covers of 1960s/70s Document [6](Title: Gary Klein (producer)) in the pop and country #1 hit "Southern Nights". Upon Campbell's crossover to the pop charts, Dolly Parton and RCA Records wondered if he could do the same for her. In 1977, Klein produced Dolly Parton's classic pop hit album "Here You Come Again". It was the first of three albums he'd produce for Parton resulting in country and pop hit records. In 1976, Barbra Streisand had just won an Academy Award for her song "Evergreen". Klein began working with Streisand in 1977 on "Superman". "My Heart Belongs to Me" hit #1 on the Adult Contemporary charts and #4 on Document [7](Title: Dolly Parton albums discography) as a songwriter for others), with her album "Hello, Im Dolly". With steady success during the remainder of the 1960s (both as a solo artist and with a series of duet albums with Porter Wagoner), her sales and chart peak came during the 1970s and continued into the 1980s; Parton's subsequent albums in the later part of the 1990s were lower in sales. At this time, country pop ruled the country albums and singles chart. However, in the new millennium, Parton achieved commercial success again. She has released albums on independent labels since 2000, including albums on her own label, Question: who did dolly parton sing i will always love you for Answer:
Porter Wagoner
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Manis (orangutan)) Manis was the trained orangutan that played Clyde as Clint Eastwood 's sidekick in the 1978 box office hit Every Which Way But Loose . Its 1980 sequel , Any Which Way You Can ( 1980 ) , did not feature Manis , as the '' child actor '' had grown too much between productions . In the sequel two orangutans , C.J. and Buddha , shared the role . Although rumors about the cause of death of Buddha in 1980 point to abuse by his trainer on set , at least one source for the rumors may originate from a 1985 National Enquirer article . Document [1](Title: Clint Eastwood) (2004), Eastwood won Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Picture, as well as receiving nominations for Best Actor. Eastwood's greatest commercial successes have been the adventure comedy "Every Which Way But Loose" (1978) and its sequel, the action comedy "Any Which Way You Can" (1980), after adjustment for inflation. Other popular films include the Western "Hang 'Em High" (1968), the psychological thriller "Play Misty for Me" (1971), the crime film "Thunderbolt and Lightfoot" (1974), the Western "The Outlaw Josey Wales" (1976), the prison film "Escape from Alcatraz" (1979), the action film "Firefox" (1982), the suspense thriller "Tightrope" (1984), the Document [2](Title: Fats Domino) many contemporary Soul infused sides but an album was released overseas in 1971 to fulfill his Reprise Records contract. He shifted to that label after Broadmoor and had a Top 100 single, a cover of the Beatles' "Lady Madonna". Domino appeared in the Monkees' television special "33⅓ Revolutions per Monkee" in 1969. He continued to be popular as a performer for several decades. He made a cameo appearance in Clint Eastwood's movie "Any Which Way You Can", filmed in 1979 and released in 1980, singing the country song "Whiskey Heaven", which later became a minor hit. His life and career Document [3](Title: Warm Summer Rain) or even a direction – Kate spins about, points, and says, "that way". She then gets off the bus in the middle of nowhere, and after turning down a ride from a handsome stranger (Barry Tubb) in a Mustang convertible, she walks though the desert and finds an isolated bar. Getting drunk at the bar, she parties with some people in the bar. The stranger who tried picking her up along the road comes in and eventually she passes out. She wakes up the next morning in an abandoned house, with the stranger, wearing a ring. He tells her that Document [4](Title: Richard Libertini) la Senor Wences. He portrayed Nosh, an electronics expert who is the childhood best friend of Burt Reynolds's character, in "Sharky's Machine" (1981). He also played a traveling vaudevillian in Terence Malick's "Days of Heaven" (1978), the greengrocer George W. Geezil in Robert Altman's "Popeye" (1980), a Hispanic priest in "Best Friends" (1982), the servant Giuseppe in "Unfaithfully Yours" (1984), spiritual advisor Prahka Lasa ("Back in Bowl!") in "All of Me" (1984), the bandit Dijon in Disney's animated feature film "" (1990), and a rabbi in "Lethal Weapon 4" (1998). On television, Libertini was a series regular in the first Document [5](Title: The Psychomodo) purpose and in every way lives up to the band's reputation as a great live act." Dave Thompson of AllMusic retrospectively said: "If "The Human Menagerie" was a journey into the bowels of decadent cabaret, "The Psychomodo" is like a trip to the circus. Except the clowns were more sickly perverted than clowns normally are, and the fun house was filled with rattlesnakes and spiders. Such twists on innocent childhood imagery have transfixed authors from Ray Bradbury to Stephen King, but Steve Harley and Cockney Rebel were the first band to set that same dread to music, and the only Document [6](Title: José Calvo) Clint Eastwood's few "amigos" in the town of San Miguel. He later appeared in westerns such as "I Giorni dell'ira" (1967) opposite Lee Van Cleef, "Anda muchacho, spara!" (1971) and "Dust in the Sun" (1973) etc. However, after the Spaghetti western era of the late 1960s, in the 1970s he returned to appearing in primarily Spanish films and in contrast to the roles which dominated much of his career did appear in several Spanish comedy films often with slapstick humor as that genre grew popular in Latin cinema during this period. He died in Gran Canaria on May 16, 1980, Document [7](Title: Pieces of Easter) will transport her the rest of the way for the price of $1000; the only caveat - no interstate highways. Amidst nonstop head-butting (attributed to Alza's spoiled arrogance and Lincoln's general grumpiness), the mismatched pair sets out on a three-day odyssey of misadventures along the highways and byways of America, where they encounter rat-infested motels, convenience store holdups, rural rabbit stalkers, and a star struck couple from the local trailer park. Best of all, they are forced to encounter each other, as the two worlds of the princess and the hermit collide at every turn. The film was shot on Question: who played clyde in any which way you can Answer:
C.J. and Buddha
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Plumbing) Present - day water - supply systems use a network of high - pressure pumps , and pipes in buildings are now made of copper , brass , plastic ( particularly cross-linked polyethylene called PEX , which is estimated to be used in 60 % of single - family homes ) , or other nontoxic material . Due to its toxicity , most cities moved away from lead water - supply piping by the 1920s in the United States , although lead pipes were approved by national plumbing codes into the 1980s , and lead was used in plumbing solder for drinking water until it was banned in 1986 . Drain and vent lines are made of plastic , steel , cast - iron , or lead . Document [1](Title: Plumbing) many centuries, lead was the favoured material for water pipes, because its malleability made it practical to work into the desired shape. (Such use was so common that the word "plumbing" derives from "plumbum", the Latin word for lead.) This was a source of lead-related health problems in the years before the health hazards of ingesting lead were fully understood; among these were stillbirths and high rates of infant mortality. Lead water pipes were still widely used in the early 20th century, and remain in many households. In addition, lead-tin alloy solder was commonly used to join copper pipes, but Document [2](Title: Lead poisoning) The ultimate goal is for a total overhaul to take place, but this would require the citizens to buy into the pipe replacement. Such a move would allow the preservation of present health and secure greater health for the future. Collecting rainwater from roof runoff used as potable water may contain lead if there are lead contaminants on the roof or in the storage tank. The Australian Drinking Water Guidelines allow a maximum of .01 mg/L lead in water. Lead can be found in products such as kohl, an ancient cosmetic from the Middle East, South Asia, and parts of Document [3](Title: Romanization of Hispania) lead poisoning, a problem that would extend almost to the present day in places where this type of water management has been used in abundance. Lead piping was more easy to work, but was used more in the urban distribution network due to its high price, as well as aqueduct traps. The artificial reservoir water was transported through an underground channel to the town, often taking advantage of natural slopes, but sometimes the Romans also built traps, which allowed them to avoid a downward slope without building the famous bridges but keeping the pressure flow. These traps take advantage of Document [4](Title: Lead contamination in Washington, D.C. drinking water) to a homeowner's property line, but no further—may not have effectively reduced lead levels, and may have made the problem worse. WASA spent $97 million to replace 17,000 pipes, including the 15,000 partial replacements. A "Post" article about the report lead to jammed phone lines at WASA and increased demand for bottled-water delivery. The study indicated that there is no safe level of lead in drinking water, and that children in homes with even a partial lead service line are at a much higher risk of lead poisoning than those with no lead in the line. WASA said the finding Document [5](Title: Lead contamination in Washington, D.C. drinking water) million dollars and will be used to help people where there is a suspicion of lead being in their drinking water but government officials aren't acting on it. This project is said to target Michigan and Louisiana initially then it will branch out to other areas. Lead contamination in Washington, D.C. drinking water Lead contamination in Washington, D.C. drinking water, first discovered in 2001, left thousands of children with lifelong health risks, and led to a re-evaluation of the use of chloramine in public drinking-water systems. Professor Marc Edwards, an expert in plumbing corrosion, discovered lead levels at least 83 Document [6](Title: Flint water crisis) lead water contamination at the Harvard School of Public Health that a chain-reaction of failures, including those by the financial managers, allowed the water crisis to develop as long as it did. He stated "What happened in Flint? Well, a firestorm of things that went wrong. (Flint) changed (its) source water, didn't do a good job on corrosion control in their treatment", and added "They had, about half of the homes had lead service lines. Money was more important to the emergency manager than people were. That's pretty clear from the evidence," and later went on to say, "State regulators Document [7](Title: Ductile iron pipe) polyurethane lining used for internal coating has the following standard properties is standardised by EN 15655:2009 (Ductile iron pipes, fittings and accessories - Internal polyurethane lining for pipes and fittings - Requirements and test methods). The predominant form of lining for water applications is cement mortar centrifugally applied during manufacturing. The cement mortar comprises a mixture of cement and sand to a ratio of between 1:2 and 1:3.5. For potable water, portland cement is used; for sewage it is common to use sulfate resisting or high alumina cement. Cement mortar linings have been found to dramatically reduce internal corrosion. A Question: when did the us stop using lead pipes Answer:
1986
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: List of My Hero Academia episodes) The third season premiered on April 7 , 2018 . The third season 's first opening theme is '' Odd Future '' by Uverworld and the first ending theme is '' Update '' ( アップデート ) by miwa . The third season 's second opening theme is '' Make my Story '' by Lenny Code Fiction and the second ending theme is '' Long Hope Philia '' ( ロング ホープ ・ フィリア ) by Masaki Suda . Document [1](Title: My Hero Academia) The second opening theme is performed by amazarashi and the ending theme is by LiSA. A third season was announced in the 44th issue of "Weekly Shōnen Jump" magazine of 2017. The English dub premiered on April 7, 2018. The first opening theme is "Odd Future" by Uverworld, while the first ending theme is by Miwa. The second opening theme is "Make my Story" by Lenny Code Fiction and the second ending theme is by Masaki Suda. On April 19, 2018, Funimation announced that the series would air on Cartoon Network's Toonami starting on May 5. A fourth season was Document [2](Title: List of Attack on Titan episodes) On June 17 , 2017 , a third season was announced at the close of the second season 's final episode , with a release date slated for 2018 . Document [3](Title: Amagami) of theme music: two opening themes and eight ending themes; each ending theme is sung by the voice actresses of the heroines of the series in their respective story arc. The first opening theme is "i Love" by azusa which ran from episode 1 to 13 and was released on July 19, 2010. The second opening theme is by azusa which was used from episode 14 to 26 and was released on October 20, 2010. The first ending theme, used for episodes one through four, is by Shizuka Itō and was released on July 21, 2010. The second ending theme, Document [4](Title: Squid Girl) were later licensed by Sentai Filmworks in 2016. The complete series, including both anime series and the OVAs, was released on Blu-ray and DVD on November 28, 2017, with the second season and OVAs receiving a new English dub cast. The first season was released on DVD in the United Kingdom by Manga Entertainment on August 13, 2012. For the first anime series, the opening theme is by Ultra-Prism with Hisako Kanemoto, which was released on October 27, 2010, and the ending theme is by Kanae Itō, which was released on November 26, 2010. A character song, , sung by Document [5](Title: Ushio and Tora) and Studio VOLN. It was directed by Satoshi Nishimura and written by Toshiki Inoue and Kazuhiro Fujita, featuring character designs by Tomoko Mori and music by Eishi Segawa. The anime was split into two parts: the first part (episodes 1–26) aired between July 3, 2015 and December 25, 2015, and the second part (episodes 27–39) aired between April 1, 2016 and June 24, 2016. It has been licensed for a UK release by Manga Entertainment. For episodes 1 through 26, the opening theme is by Kinniku Shōjo Tai while the ending themes are by Sonar Pocket and by Wakadanna. For Document [6](Title: Magical Girl Spec-Ops Asuka) volumes have been released in Japan. Two volumes have been released in English so far. An anime television series adaptation was announced on July 20, 2018. The anime series is directed by Hideyo Yamamoto and animated by Liden Films, with Makoto Fukami and Norimitsu Kaihō writing the scripts, Yoko Suzuki designing the characters and R.O.N composing the music. It is scheduled to premiere on January 11, 2019 on MBS and TBS before airing later on BS-TBS, AT-X, CBC. The opening theme is "Kodo" by Nonoc and the ending theme is "Rebel Flag" by Garnidelia. The first volume was reviewed by Document [7](Title: Alice Isn't Dead) last episode of the first season, is voiced by Jasika Nicole. During its run, the podcast typically airs on every other Tuesday. The first season ended on July 12, 2016, with a second season premiering on April 4, 2017 which concluded on August 8th, 2017. Fink has stated that the third season would be the final season, and it began airing on April 24, 2018. On August 16, 2017, it was announced that a novel based on the series, written by Fink, will be released in autumn 2018 by Harper Perennial. Additionally, a television adaptation, executive produced by Fink, is Question: when does my hero academia season 3 come out Answer:
April 7 , 2018
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Fresh water) Out of all the water on Earth , saline water in oceans , seas and saline groundwater make up about 97 % of it . Only 2.5 -- 2.75 % is fresh water , including 1.75 -- 2 % frozen in glaciers , ice and snow , 0.5 -- 0.75 % as fresh groundwater and soil moisture , and less than 0.01 % of it as surface water in lakes , swamps and rivers . Freshwater lakes contain about 87 % of this fresh surface water , including 29 % in the African Great Lakes , 22 % in Lake Baikal in Russia , 21 % in the North American Great Lakes , and 14 % in other lakes . Swamps have most of the balance with only a small amount in rivers , most notably the Amazon River . The atmosphere contains 0.04 % water . In areas with no fresh water on the ground surface , fresh water derived from precipitation may , because of its lower density , overlie saline ground water in lenses or layers . Most of the world 's fresh water is frozen in ice sheets . Many areas suffer from lack of distribution of fresh water , such as deserts . Document [1](Title: Fresh water) surrounding and associated environments. Fresh and unpolluted water accounts for 0.003% of total water available globally. The increase in the world population and the increase in per capita water use puts increasing strains on the finite resources availability of clean fresh water. The World Bank adds that the response by freshwater ecosystems to a changing climate can be described in terms of three interrelated components: water quality, water quantity or volume, and water timing. A change in one often leads to shifts in the others as well. Water pollution and subsequent eutrophication also reduces the availability of fresh water. Many Document [2](Title: Water distribution on Earth) fresh water on Earth. Rivers and basins are often compared not according to their static volume, but to their flow of water, or surface runoff. The distribution of river runoff across the Earth's surface is very uneven. There can be huge variations within these regions. For example, as much as a quarter of Australia's limited renewable fresh water supply is found in almost uninhabited Cape York Peninsula. Also, even in well-watered continents, there are areas that are extremely short of water, such as Texas in North America, whose renewable water supply totals only 26 km³/year in an area of 695,622 Document [3](Title: Water resources management in Brazil) It is estimated that about 12% of the world's surface water resources are located in the country. In 2007, per capita water availability reached 43,027 m per year, above the world average of 8,209 m per capita in the same year. However, this impressive average masks an extremely uneven distribution of water resources among regions. The Amazon river basin alone, which covers 48% of the country's territory, accounts for 75% of Brazil's freshwater resources but has only 4% of its population. The most dramatic departure from abundance can be found in the Northeast region, which includes most of the country's Document [4](Title: Water scarcity) entire water cycle: from source to distribution, economic use, treatment, recycling, reuse and return to the environment. The total amount of easily accessible freshwater on Earth, in the form of surface water (rivers and lakes) or groundwater (in aquifers, for example), is 14.000 cubic kilometres (nearly 3359 cubic miles). Of this total amount, 'just' 5.000 cubic kilometres are being used and reused by humanity. Hence, in theory, there is more than enough freshwater available to meet the demands of the current world population of 7 billion people, and even support population growth to 9 billion or more. Due to the Document [5](Title: Lake) Lake A lake is an area filled with water, localized in a basin, that is surrounded by land, apart from any river or other outlet that serves to feed or drain the lake. Lakes lie on land and are not part of the ocean, and therefore are distinct from lagoons, and are also larger and deeper than ponds, though there are no official or scientific definitions. Lakes can be contrasted with rivers or streams, which are usually flowing. Most lakes are fed and drained by rivers and streams. Natural lakes are generally found in mountainous areas, rift zones, and areas Document [6](Title: Great Lakes) containing 21% of the world's surface fresh water by volume. The total surface is 94,250 square miles (244,106 km), and the total volume (measured at the low water datum) is 5,439 cubic miles (22,671 km), a bit less than the volume of Lake Baikal (23,615 km³). Due to their sea-like characteristics (rolling waves, sustained winds, strong currents, great depths, and distant horizons) the five Great Lakes have also long been referred to as inland seas. Lake Superior is the second largest lake in the world by area, and Lake Michigan is the largest lake that is entirely within one country. Document [7](Title: Fishkeeping) consideration of biological loading, is usually enough to keep these nutrient cycles in adequate equilibrium. The solute content of water is perhaps the most important aspect of water conditions, as total dissolved solids and other constituents can dramatically impact basic water chemistry, and therefore how organisms interact with their environment. Salt content, or salinity, is the most basic classification of water conditions. An aquarium may have freshwater (salinity below 0.5 PPT), simulating a lake or river environment; brackish water (a salt level of 0.5 to 30 PPT), simulating environments lying between fresh and salt, such as estuaries; and salt water Question: approximately how much of earth’s water is freshwater Answer:
2.5 -- 2.75 %
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Marie Antoinette (soundtrack)) Disc two No . Title Writer ( s ) Artist Length 1 . '' Intro Versailles '' 0 : 37 2 . '' Jynweythek Ylow '' Aphex Twin Aphex Twin 2 : 35 3 . '' Opus 17 '' Dustin O'Halloran Dustin O'Halloran 2 : 03 4 . '' Il Secondo Giorno '' ( instrumental ) Jean - Benoît Dunckel , Nicolas Godin Air 4 : 57 5 . '' Keen On Boys '' Johan Duncanson , Martin Larsson The Radio Dept . 4 : 49 6 . '' Opus 23 '' Dustin O'Halloran Dustin O'Halloran 3 : 08 7 . '' Les barricades mystérieuses '' François Couperin Patricia Mabee 2 : 35 8 . '' Fools Rush In '' ( Kevin Shields remix ) Rube Bloom , Johnny Mercer Bow Wow Wow 2 : 19 9 . '' Avril 14th '' Aphex Twin Aphex Twin 1 : 58 10 . '' K. 213 '' Domenico Scarlatti Patricia Mabee 4 : 22 11 . '' Tommib Help Buss '' Tom Jenkinson Squarepusher 2 : 10 12 . '' Tristes apprêts , pâles flambeaux '' ( from Castor et Pollux RCT 32 , Act I , Scene III : Air de Télaïre ' ) Jean Philippe Rameau , W. Christie Agnès Mellon and Les Arts Florissants 5 : 54 13 . '' Opus 36 '' Dustin O'Halloran Dustin O'Halloran 1 : 45 14 . '' All Cats Are Grey '' Simon Gallup , Laurence Tolhurst The Cure 5 : 23 Document [1](Title: The Numero Group) Fire" TWI-114 Sidney Pinchback "Soul Strokes"/"Remind Me" TWI-126 The Perfections "Which One Am I"/"Why Do You Want To Make Me Sad" TWI-128 Renaldo Domino "Not Too Cool To Cry"/"Nevermore" TWI-131 The Kaldirons "You And Me Baby"/"To Love Someone" TWI-132 Annette Poindexter "Mama"/"Wayward Dream" TWI-135 Chuck & Mac "Powerful Love"/"The Bear" TWI-142 Pieces Of Peace "Pass It On Pt 1"/"Pt 2" TWI-156 Nate Evans "Pardon My Innocent Heart"/"Main Squeeze" Plus 12"s +001 Lord Rhaburn/Professionals "Disco Reconnection"/"Gaujida" +002 Master Jay & Michael Dee "T.S.O.B."/"Instrumental" +004 Fabulous 3 MCs "Rub A Dub Dub"/"Instrumental" +005 Jay Mitchell "Mustang Sally"/"Edits" +006 Jackie Stoudemire "Invisible Wind"/"Dub/Edit" Document [2](Title: La belle excentrique) himself in 1971 and paired with Gabriel Tacchino in 1988. Other recordings include those by Jean Wiener and Jean-Joël Barbier (Universal Classics France, 1971, reissued 2002), Chantal De Buchy and Théodore Paraskivesco (PG, 1978), Wyneke Jordans and Leo van Doeselaar (Etcetera, 1983), Anne Queffélec and Catherine Collard (Virgin Classics, 1988, reissued 2008), Jean-Pierre Armengaud and Dominique Merlet (Mandala, 1990), Klára Körmendi and Gábor Eckhardt (Naxos, 1994), Yūji Takahashi and Alain Planès (Denon, 1998), Bojan Gorisek and Tatiana Ognjanovic (Audiophile Classics, 1999), Jean-Philippe Collard and Pascal Rogé (Decca, 2000), Cristina Ariagno (both parts, Brilliant Classics, 2006), Alexandre Tharaud and Éric Le Document [3](Title: Kompakt 100) H3 Ulf Lohmann - "Because Before (The Orb Mix)" 101. Ulf Lohmann - "Because Before (The Orb Mix)" (4:52) 102. Ulf Lohmann - "Because (Thomas/Mayer Mix)" (6:05) 103. Reinhard Voigt - "Zu Dicht Dran (DJ Koze Mix)" (4:37) 104. Thomas Fehlmann - "Radeln (Sascha Funke Mix)" (6:03) 105. Justus Köhncke - "Weiche Zäune (The Modernist Mix)" (5:01) 106. M. Mayer - "17&4 (Joachim Spieth Mix)" (5:29) 107. Superpitcher - "Tomorrow (Kaito Mix)" (6:17) 108. Reinhard Voigt - "Robson Ponte (Wassermann Mix)" (4:08) 109. Kaito - "Respect To The Distance (Markus Guentner Mix)" (5:39) 110. Closer Musik - "One Two Three Document [4](Title: Paris Jazz Festival) / Fresco, Yom, Stéphane Galland, Guillaume Perret, Céline Bonacina, Elina Duni, Malted Milk, Milteau / Galvin / Robinson / Smyth, Mouton Réunion Quartet, Manu Katché, Edmar Castañeda, Roberto Fonseca, Flora Théfaine, Trombone Shorty, Marcus Wyatt, Hugh Masakela, Quai N° 5, Francesco Bearzatti, Patrice Caratini Jazz Ensemble, Big Daddy Wilson, Patrice Héral, Yilian Cañizares, Blue Gene, Pierrick Pédron, Sofie Sörman & Armel Dupas, Marcel & Solange, Mathis Haug, Kumquat, Hugues Mayot, Didier Ithursarry & Kristof Hiriart, Smadj." • 2014 : Colin Vallon, Paolo Fresu, Franck Tortiller, Didier Lockwood, Thierry Eliez, André Ceccarelli, David Enhco, Kamilya Jubran & Sarah Murcia, François Thuillier, Document [5](Title: Cinéfest Sudbury International Film Festival) Goes Boating", "The Bang Bang Club" and "Barney's Version". Gala presentations: "Restless", "The Guard", "I'm Yours", "The Woman in the Fifth", "Starbuck", "Albert Nobbs", "Donovan's Echo", "Take This Waltz". Special Presentations: "Afghan Luke", "Monsieur Lazhar", "Sophie", "Midnight in Paris", "Sleeping Beauty". Gala Presentations: "The Riverbank", "The Angels' Share", "A Dark Truth", "Midnight's Children", "En Kongelig affære", "Old Stock", "Inch'Allah", "Still Mine", "A Late Quartet" Special Presentations: "All in Good Time", "Amour", "Crooked Arrows", "", "The Hunt (Jagten)", "Inescapable", "Laurence Anyways", "Rust and Bone (De rouille et d'os)", "The Suicide Shop (Le Magasin des suicides)", "No", "Revolution", "Safety Not Guaranteed", "Stories Document [6](Title: Joseph Capriati) - drumcode 113 1- Joseph Capriati - Awake (Original Mix) 2- Joseph Capriati - Fratello (Original Mix) 2013.11.25 - Self Portrait LP - Drumcode CD08 1- Joseph Capriati - Electrolytic (Original Mix) 2- Joseph Capriati - Easy Come Easy Go (Original Mix) 3- Joseph Capriati - Always and Forever (Original Mix) 4- Joseph Capriati - Deep Thoughts (Original Mix) 5- Joseph Capriati - This Then That (Original Mix) 6- Joseph Capriati - Partenopeo (Original Mix) 7- Joseph Capriati - Awake (Original Mix) 8- Joseph Capriati - Basic Elements (Original Mix) 9- Joseph Capriati - Naked (Original Mix) 10- Joseph Capriati Document [7](Title: Coachella Festival line-ups) The Drifter, Lee Foss, RÜFÜS DU SOL (DJ set), Le Youth, Humans, Imagined Herbal Flows, Dena Amy, "The Do LaB" Weekend 2: Major Lazer, Kraddy, Stanton Warriors, Jason Bentley, NU, Bedouin, Satori, Öona Dahl, Shawni "Heineken House" Weekend 1: Diplo & Friends, 4B, Brillz, Valentino Khan, ETC! ETC!, Bro Safari, Party Favor, Nina Las Vegas, FKi 1st, Paul Devro x Neo Fresco, "Heineken House" Weekend 2: Party Favor, ETC! ETC!, Bro Safari, Nina Las Vegas, 4B, Valentino Khan, FKi 1st, Paul Devro x Neo Fresco Plus: DESPACIO playing all weekend long Dropped Acts: Nora En Pure In 2016, art contributions Question: who sings fools rush in in marie antoinette Answer:
Bow Wow Wow
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Billionaire Boy) Billionaire Boy is a children 's fiction book published on 28 October 2010 by HarperCollins and written by David Walliams and illustrated by Tony Ross . The story follows Joe Spud who is the richest boy in the country and has everything he could ever want , except a friend . The book was adapted for BBC television , broadcast on 1 January 2016 . Document [1](Title: Billionaire Boy) Trafe - Is the kindly dinner lady who enjoys the company of Joe, Bob and Lauren, but not anyone else, and deliberately cooks disgusting food like deep-fried Blu-Tack. "Billionaire Boy" received positive praise from reviews by newspapers such as "The Guardian" and "The Express". The story has mainly been described as hilarious yet touching, as have Walliams' other books. After the success of the first two adaptations ("Mr Stink" & "Gangsta Granny"), Walliams announced that "The Boy In The Dress" & "Billionaire Boy" would be made into television specials. The adaptation aired on New Year's Day 2016 at 7.00pm on Document [2](Title: Billionaire Boys Club) the kidnapping, murders, and trials. Investigation Discovery's "Behind Mansion Walls" revisited the case in the 2011 episode "Fatal Greed." A feature film titled "Billionaire Boys Club" starring Ansel Elgort as Joe Hunt, Taron Egerton as Dean Karny, and Kevin Spacey as Ron Levin was released in 2018. The film debuted to a dismal opening night, grossing a meager $126.00, mainly due to the involvement of Spacey, who had months earlier been accused of several instances of sexual harassment and sexual assault. Judd Nelson, who played Hunt in the 1987 miniseries, played Hunt's father. Billionaire Boys Club The Billionaire Boys Club Document [3](Title: Becoming a Billionaire) Becoming a Billionaire Becoming a Billionaire (; lit. "Birth of the Rich") is a 2010 South Korean television series starring Ji Hyun-woo, Lee Bo-young, Lee Si-young and Namkoong Min. It aired on KBS2 from March 1 to May 4, 2010 on Mondays and Tuesdays at 21:55 for 20 episodes. Choi Seok-bong believes he is the son of a billionaire, from a one-night stand with his mother. While working as a bellboy at a luxury hotel, Seok-bong practices the qualities he thinks a billionaire's heir would have; all these efforts are for the day he meets his birth father. But one Document [4](Title: Masayoshi Son) Masayoshi Son Son was named the world's 45th most powerful person by Forbes Magazine's List of The World's Most Powerful People in 2013. Son was ranked at number 39 on the Forbes list of The World's Billionaires 2018, with a net worth of $22.7 billion. Ethnically Korean, Son's grandparents immigrated to Japan from Korea in search for economic opportunities. Son was born in a small town on Japan's southern island Kyushu. Son's family adopted the Japanese surname , and Son used this surname as a child. Son pursued his interests in business by securing a meeting with Japan McDonald's president Document [5](Title: The Rich Boy) some definite and perhaps terrible abnormality which he has agreed to conceal. The Rich Boy "The Rich Boy" is a short story by American writer F. Scott Fitzgerald. It was included in his 1926 collection "All the Sad Young Men. "The Rich Boy" originally appeared in two parts, in the January and February 1926 issues of "Redbook". Fitzgerald wrote "The Rich Boy" in 1924, in Capri, while awaiting publication of "The Great Gatsby". He revised it in his apartment at 14 Rue de Tilsitt in Paris the following spring, at what he described as a period of "1000 parties and Document [6](Title: Ansel Elgort) film "Billionaire Boys Club", opposite Kevin Spacey, Cary Elwes, Emma Roberts and Taron Egerton, and directed by James Cox. Due to claims of sexual harassment by Spacey, the future of the film was uncertain and no release date was set. The film was initially released through video on demand on July 17, 2018, prior to a limited release in theaters on August 17, 2018, by Vertical Entertainment. He will next headline "The Goldfinch", an adaptation of Donna Tartt's novel, scheduled for release in October 2019. On June 27, 2017, it was announced that Elgort would portray future President John F. Document [7](Title: The World's Billionaires 2015) The World's Billionaires 2015 The World's Billionaires 2015 edition was the 29th annual ranking of The World's Billionaires by "Forbes" magazine. The list estimated the net worth of the world's richest people. The new list was released online on March 2, 2015. As of 2015, Bill Gates had been placed at the top of this list 16 times. Bill Gates was again named the richest person in the world in "Forbes" Magazine's annual list of the world's billionaires. This is the 16th time that the founder of Microsoft has claimed the top spot. Carlos Slim, Mexican business magnate, came in Question: the boy billionaire is based on which famous personality Answer:
Joe Spud
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Statue of Liberty) On June 17 , 1885 , the French steamer Isère , laden with the Statue of Liberty , reached the New York port safely . New Yorkers displayed their new - found enthusiasm for the statue , as the French vessel arrived with the crates holding the disassembled statue on board . Two hundred thousand people lined the docks and hundreds of boats put to sea to welcome the Isère . After five months of daily calls to donate to the statue fund , on August 11 , 1885 , the World announced that $102,000 had been raised from 120,000 donors , and that 80 percent of the total had been received in sums of less than one dollar . Document [1](Title: François-Jean de la Barre) 1904 recovered 5000 m² of land wrongfully retained by the Archdiocese and decided to award a 5,000 franc grant toward the completion of the statue at this location in line with the great portal of the Sacré-Cœur, Paris. A full-size mock-up of the statue and base, as sculpted by freethinker , was inaugurated on 3 September 1905 at the Congress of Freethinkers. The following year, 1906, the statue was cast in bronze and was placed 'provisionally' by the Paris City Council at the gate of the Sacré-Cœur basilica during a ceremony which was attended by approximately 25,000 spectators. In 1926 Document [2](Title: Place des États-Unis) Revolutionary War, was an easy choice. The sculptor designed the bronze statue, which depicts Washington and Lafayette on a marble plinth, clothed in military uniforms, shaking hands; the French and American flags serve as a backdrop. Dedicated in 1895, the statue was installed in the Place des États-Unis. A few years later, Charles Broadway Rouss, the New York City department-store tycoon, purchased an exact replica of the Washington-and-Lafayette statue which he donated to the people of New York City for placement in Morningside Park in the Morningside Heights neighborhood of Manhattan. The Place des États-Unis (Square Thomas Jefferson) is the Document [3](Title: Egypt Carrying the Light to Asia) Bartholdi designed and built "Liberty Enlightening the World", which became known as the Statue of Liberty, and placed it in New York Harbor in the United States. Egypt Carrying the Light to Asia Egypt Carrying the Light to Asia, also known as Progress Carrying the Light to Asia or pedestal committee; was a plan for a colossal neoclassical sculpture. Designed in the late 1860s by Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi, a French sculptor, the project was to be a statue of a robed female figure bearing a torch at the entryway of the Suez Canal in Port Said, Egypt. Both the khedive Document [4](Title: La estatua de la libertad) the expenses for their hotel keep mounting, Mortadelo and Filemon ditch Ofelia (who must work off their hotel bill) and return home. As soon as they are back in Spain, however, Mortadelo and Filemon stumble across the two suspects, who talk about the demolition of the statue being imminent, and take up pursuit. Strangely, they end up in a backwater village, where the mystery is finally solved: The statue in question is not the famous New York monument, but a local statue erected in honor of a former village mayor, Libertad Boniquez, and it is meant to be blown up Document [5](Title: Washington Park (Dubuque, Iowa)) local heroine who had walked some distance to stop a train before it could come to a washed out bridge and derail). When the statue was uncovered for the first time, it turned out to be a statue of Cogswell. The statue remained in place until 1900, when a group of vandals pulled the statue down and buried it under what would be a new sidewalk. The following day, the new sidewalk was poured which entombed the object. The water fountain was gone by 1912, however, the statue is rumoured to still be buried under a sidewalk at the park. Document [6](Title: 6-15-99 Club) Fund, and the "New York Tribune" Coal and Food Fund. In 1894, the "Journal of Social Science" questioned the sincerity of the funds, stating that they were "managed at the caprice of their projectors", and stated that the City of New York made no increase in its appropriations to its Board of Charities and Correction in 1894, except for a small amount for coal. However, it reported that the city possessed funds totaling $2,414,283 which could have been provided to needy persons in most years. If distributed among the 50,000 people who qualified for relief, this would have averaged out Document [7](Title: Statue of Liberty National Monument) Inside the statue, a plaque is engraved with words from "The New Colossus", the poem by Emma Lazarus: The national monument is located in Upper New York Bay east of Liberty State Park in Jersey City, New Jersey and southwest of Battery Park at the tip of Manhattan in New York City. Entrance is free, but there is a charge for the ferry service that all visitors must use. In 2007, a concession was granted to Statue Cruises to operate the transportation and ticketing facilities, replacing the Circle Line which had operated the service since 1953. The waters are patrolled Question: when did the french gave the statue of liberty to the united states Answer:
June 17 , 1885
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Box lacrosse) During play , a team consists of six players : a goaltender and five '' runners '' . A runner is any non-goalkeeper position player , including forwards , transition players , and defenders . Runners usually specialize in one of these roles and substitute off the field when the ball moves from one end to the other . When the sport originated teams played with six runners . However , in 1953 the sixth runner , a position called rover , was eliminated . The goalkeeper can be replaced by another runner , often when a delayed penalty has been called on the other team or at the end of games by teams that are behind to help score goals . Document [1](Title: Five-eighth) Five-eighth The role of the five-eighth is often to pass the ball away from the congested area around the tackle, further out along the 'back-line' to the outside backs, the centres and wingers, who have more space to run with it. Furthermore, players in this position typically assume responsibility for kicking the ball for field position in general play. The five-eighth is therefore considered one of the most important positions, often referred to as a 'play maker', assuming a decision-making role on the field. Over time, however, as the game has evolved, the roles of the two halves have grown Document [2](Title: American football positions) American football positions In American football each team has 11 players on the field at one time. The specific role that a player takes on the field is called his position. Under the modern rules of American football, teams are allowed unlimited substitutions; that is, teams may change any number of players after any play. This has resulted in the development of three "platoons" of players: the offense (the team with the ball, which is trying to score), the defense (the team trying to prevent the other team from scoring, and to take the ball from them), and the special Document [3](Title: Field hockey) in the rules as a player with goalkeeping privileges; or" "* Only field players; no player has goalkeeping privileges or wears a different color shirt; no player may wear protective headgear except a face mask when defending a penalty corner or stroke." As hockey has a very dynamic style of play, it is difficult to simplify positions to the static formations which are common in football. Although positions will typically be categorized as either fullback, halfback, midfield/inner or striker, it is important for players to have an understanding of every position on the field. For example, it is not uncommon Document [4](Title: Runner (cricket)) be used in international cricket. Runner (cricket) In cricket, a runner is a team member who runs between the wickets for an injured batsman. This is covered by Law 25 of the Laws of Cricket. When a runner is used, the batsman stands in position and plays shots as normal, but does not attempt to run between the wickets: the runner runs for him/her. The runner occupies the injured batsman's crease when he/she is on strike, but takes up a position away from the pitch at the umpire's discretion, typically on a pitch parallel to that being used for the Document [5](Title: Association football positions) role, as many players who played in this position wore the number 10 jersey. Whatever the terminology, the position itself is a loosely defined one, a player who lies somewhere between the out-and-out striker and the midfield, who can perform this role effectively due to their vision, technical skills, creativity, and passing ability. Such a player is either a skillful, attack-minded midfielder or a creative striker who can both score and create opportunities for centre forwards, although a support striker will often not be involved in build-up plays as much as an attacking midfielder. As the supporting forward role was Document [6](Title: Field hockey) moving between these lines with the flow of play. Each team may also play with: "* a goalkeeper who wears a different color shirt and full protective equipment comprising at least headgear, leg guards and kickers; this player is referred to in the rules as a goalkeeper; or" "* a field player with goalkeeping privileges wearing a different color shirt and who may wear protective headgear (but not leg guards and kickers or other goalkeeping protective equipment) when inside their defending 23m area; they must wear protective headgear when defending a penalty corner or stroke; this player is referred to Document [7](Title: Goalkeeper) control the ball outside of his crease, except when kicking it. Goalkeepers are an essential part of starting plays, as they can throw the ball for a quick offensive chance. When throwing, the ball has to touch the goalkeeper's own side first before crossing the center line. Goalkeepers are also important in organizing their team's games, as they see the whole field better. Any contact against the goalkeeper (slashing, interference etc.) will result in a free shot or a 2-minute penalty. Like in ice hockey, the goalkeeper may be substituted for an extra attacker, if a delayed penalty occurs, or Question: how many players on a box lacrosse team Answer:
six
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: In the Heights) In the Heights is a musical with music and lyrics by Lin - Manuel Miranda and a book by Quiara Alegría Hudes . The story is set over the course of three days , involving characters in the largely Hispanic - American neighborhood of Washington Heights in New York City . Document [1](Title: Quiara Alegría Hudes) Dolly Krasnopolsky. She has stated that although she is of "Puerto Rican and Jewish blood", she was "raised by two Puerto Rican parents". Her step-father was a Puerto Rican entrepreneur. She graduated from Central High School. She studied music composition at Yale University, where she earned her B.A., and playwriting at Brown University, earning an M.F.A. She is a resident writer at New Dramatists and a previous Page 73 Playwriting Fellow. Hudes is a visiting professor in the theater department at Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut. The original Off-Broadway production of "In the Heights" received the Lucille Lortel Award and Document [2](Title: Wuthering Heights (band)) Bagpipes, violins, flutes, and other traditional instruments are included in many songs. As is typical of power metal, the songs feature strong melodies and clean vocals. The band is often described as being progressive metal, though they are not strictly in-line with the genre. They are quite musically distinctive, with their closest musical neighbors probably being Falconer and Elvenking. Wuthering Heights' lyrics are written solely by Erik Ravn and the subject matter is somewhat varied. The lyrics have often been mistaken as simple heroic fantasy due to a love of archaic language and the occasional Tolkienian reference. But Ravn’s lyrics Document [3](Title: The Commanding Heights) The Commanding Heights The Commanding Heights: The Battle for the World Economy is a book by Daniel Yergin and Joseph Stanislaw first published as "The Commanding Heights: The Battle Between Government and the Marketplace That Is Remaking the Modern World" in 1998. In 2002, it was adapted as a documentary of the same title and later released on DVD. "The Commanding Heights" attempts to trace the rise of free markets during the last century as well as the process of globalization. The book attributes the origin of the phrase commanding heights to a speech by Vladimir Lenin referring to the Document [4](Title: Sylvia Plath) sense of imprisonment and looming death, overshadowed by her father. "The Colossus" is shot through with themes of death, redemption and resurrection. After Hughes left, Plath produced, in less than two months, the forty poems of rage, despair, love, and vengeance on which her reputation mostly rests. Plath's landscape poetry, which she wrote throughout her life, has been described as "a rich and important area of her work that is often overlooked ... some of the best of which was written about the Yorkshire moors." Her September 1961 poem "Wuthering Heights" takes its title from the Emily Brontë novel, but Document [5](Title: 181st Street (IND Eighth Avenue Line)) or two to each southern corner of the intersection. The station is mentioned in the title song of the Broadway musical "In the Heights" by Lin-Manuel Miranda, where Usnavi says to take the A train "even farther than Harlem to Northern Manhattan and maintain, get off at 181st and take the escalator. I hope you're writing this down I'm gonna test ya later". On September 13, 1980, aspiring pianist Eric Kaminsky was robbed and stabbed to death in the station. His murder became the basis for his mother's book "The Victim's Song". 181st Street (IND Eighth Avenue Line) 181st Street, Document [6](Title: The Maid of the Mountains) The Maid of the Mountains The Maid of the Mountains, called in its original score a musical play, is an operetta or "Edwardian" musical comedy in three acts. The music was by Harold Fraser-Simson, with additional music by James W. Tate, lyrics by Harry Graham and additional lyrics by Frank Clifford Harris and Valentine, and the book was written by Frederick Lonsdale, best known for his later society comedies such as "On Approval". After an initial try-out at the Prince's Theatre in Manchester on 23 December 1916, the show was rewritten and opened at Daly's Theatre in London on 10 Document [7](Title: Transport Group) "The Audience" conceived by Jack Cummings III; The Connelly Theatre 2005: "Normal", book by Yvonne Adrian, lyrics by Cheryl Stern, music by Tom Kochan; The Connelly Theatre 2006: "cul-de-sac" by John Cariani; The Connelly Theatre 2006: "All The Way Home "by Tad Mosel; The Connelly Theatre 2007:" The Dark at the Top of the Stairs "by William Inge; The Connelly Theatre 2007: "Crossing Brooklyn", music by Jenny Giering and Jonathan Larson, book & lyrics by Laura Harrington; The Connelly Theatre 2008: "Marcy in the Galaxy", music & lyrics by Nancy Shayne, book by Michael Patrick King; The Connelly Theatre 2008: Question: who wrote the music for in the heights Answer:
Lin - Manuel Miranda
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: History of nuclear weapons) In January 1933 , Adolf Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany and it quickly became unsafe for Jewish scientists to remain in the country . Leó Szilárd fled to London where he proposed , and in 1934 patented , the idea of a nuclear chain reaction via neutrons . The patent also introduced the term critical mass to describe the minimum amount of material required to sustain the chain reaction and its potential to cause an explosion . ( British patent 630,726 . ) He subsequently assigned the patent to the British Admiralty so that it could be covered by the Official Secrets Act . In a very real sense , Szilárd was the father of the atomic bomb academically . Also in 1934 , Irène and Frédéric Joliot - Curie discovered that artificial radioactivity could be induced in stable elements by bombarding them with alpha particles ; Enrico Fermi reported similar results when bombarding uranium with neutrons . Document [1](Title: Alexander Sachs) Alexander Sachs Alexander Sachs (August 1, 1893–June 23, 1973) was an economist and banker. In October 1939 he delivered the Einstein–Szilárd letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, suggesting that nuclear-fission research ought to be pursued with a view to possibly constructing nuclear weapons, should they prove feasible, in view of the likelihood that Nazi Germany would do so. This led to the initiation of the United States' Manhattan Project. Born in Rossien, Lithuania, Sachs moved to the U.S. in 1904 to join his brother, Joseph A. Sachs, who was instrumental in his further education. He was educated at Townsend Harris Document [2](Title: Debate over the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki) Eugene Wigner and Leó Szilárd, who had together spurred the first bomb research in 1939 with a jointly written letter to President Roosevelt. Szilárd, who had gone on to play a major role in the Manhattan Project, argued: A number of scientists who worked on the bomb were against its use. Led by Dr. James Franck, seven scientists submitted a report to the Interim Committee (which advised the President) in May 1945, saying: Mark Selden writes, "Perhaps the most trenchant contemporary critique of the American moral position on the bomb and the scales of justice in the war was voiced Document [3](Title: One World or None) Albert Einstein came up with the theory of relativity. Nuclear physics was a product of New Zealand physicist Ernest Rutherford's work on the atomic nucleus, Danish physicist Niels Bohr's identification of atomic structure and American physicist Carl David Anderson's discovery of the positron. Other advances included English physicist James Chadwick discovering the neutron, while French scientists Irène Joliot-Curie and her husband Frédéric Joliot-Curie studied artificial radioactivity. Further nuclear research was carried out by Enrico Fermi, who transmuted uranium based on Japanese physicist Hantaro Nagaoka's theories on the atom. German scientist Otto Hahn derived barium from uranium, while uranium was split Document [4](Title: German nuclear weapons program) However, this was realized by the Fermi group in December 1942, so that the German advantage was definitively lost, even with respect to research on energy production. According to Williams, "Leading German physicists were clear that, above all, it was the lack of uranium ore that had impeded German efforts to build a bomb." A 2005 book by Rainer Karlsch, "Hitlers Bombe" claimed to have located, in the archives of the former KGB in Moscow, Heisenberg's speech notes from the Harnack Haus conference of July 1942, revealing that Heisenberg was a strong advocate for development of a German nuclear weapon. Document [5](Title: Neutron moderator) as the fissile material. In 1943 Robert Oppenheimer and Niels Bohr considered the possibility of using a "pile" as a weapon. The motivation was that with a graphite moderator it would be possible to achieve the chain reaction without the use of any isotope separation. In August 1945, when information of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima was relayed to the scientists of the German nuclear program, interred at Farm Hall in England, chief scientist Werner Heisenberg hypothesized that the device must have been "something like a nuclear reactor, with the neutrons slowed by many collisions with a moderator". After the Document [6](Title: Klaus Clusius) was an "ordentlicher Professor" (ordinarius professor) at the "Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München". At that time or later, he became Director of the "Physikalisch-Chemischen Institut der Universität München" (Physical Chemistry Institute of the University of Munich). At the University, he conducted major experiments on heavy water, and he developed a thermodiffusion isotope separation tube, in 1938, with his younger colleague Gerhard Dickel. In December 1938, the German chemists Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann sent a manuscript to "Naturwissenschaften" reporting they had detected the element barium after bombarding uranium with neutrons; simultaneously, they communicated these results to Lise Meitner, who had in July of Document [7](Title: Dayton Project) had been bombarded by neutrons in a nuclear reactor. Ultimately, polonium-based neutron initiators were used in both the gun-type Little Boy and the implosion-type Fat Man used in the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki respectively. The fact that polonium was used as an initiator was classified until the 1960s, but George Koval, a technician with the Manhattan Project's Special Engineer Detachment, penetrated the Dayton Project as a spy for the Soviet Union. In December 1942, during World War II, Charles Allen Thomas, a chemist and director of research at Monsanto in St. Louis, joined the National Defense Research Committee Question: who came up with the idea of nuclear bombs Answer:
Leó Szilárd
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Sericulture) Sericulture , or silk farming , is the cultivation of silkworms to produce silk . Although there are several commercial species of silkworms , Bombyx mori ( the caterpillar of the domesticated silk moth ) is the most widely used and intensively studied silkworm . Silk was believed to have first been produced in China as early as the Neolithic period . Sericulture has become an important cottage industry in countries such as Brazil , China , France , India , Italy , Japan , Korea , and Russia . Today , China and India are the two main producers , with more than 60 % of the world 's annual production . Document [1](Title: Wild silk) Wild silk Wild silks have been known and used in many countries from early times, although the scale of production is far smaller than that from cultivated silkworms. Commercially reared silkworms of the species "Bombyx mori" (Linnaeus, 1758) are normally killed before the pupae emerge, either by pricking them with a needle or dipping the cocoons into boiling water, thus allowing the whole cocoon to be unravelled as one continuous thread. This allows a much finer cloth to be woven from the silk. There are more than 500 species of wild silkworms in the world, although only a few are Document [2](Title: Nerve guidance conduit) harvest is still a tedious task and the exact composition varies among species and even among individuals of the same species depending on diet and environment. There have been attempts to synthetically manufacture spider silk. Further studies are needed to test the feasibility of using a spider silk nerve conduit "in vitro" and "in vivo". In addition to spiders, silkworms are another source of silk. Protein from Bombyx mori silkworms is a core of fibroin protein surrounded by sericin, which is a family of glue-like proteins. Fibroin has been characterized as a heavy chain with a repeated hydrophobic and crystallizable Document [3](Title: Domestication) for cockfighting rather than for food. Two insects, the silkworm and the western honey bee, have been domesticated for over 5,000 years, often for commercial use. The silkworm is raised for the silk threads wound around its pupal cocoon; the western honey bee, for honey, and, lately, for pollination of crops. Several other invertebrates have been domesticated, both terrestrial and aquatic, including some such as "Drosophila melanogaster" fruit flies and the freshwater cnidarian "Hydra" for research into genetics and physiology. Few have a long history of domestication. Most are used for food or other products such as shellac and cochineal. Document [4](Title: Tachinidae) Many Tachinids are important natural enemies of major insect pests, and some species actually are used in biological pest control; for example, some species of Tachinid flies have been introduced into North America from their native lands as biocontrols to suppress populations of alien pests. Conversely, certain tachinid flies that prey on useful insects are themselves considered as pests; they can present troublesome problems in the sericulture industry by attacking silkworm larvae. One particularly notorious silkworm pest is the Uzi fly ("Exorista bombycis"). Another reproductive strategy is to leave the eggs in the host's environment, for example the female might Document [5](Title: Bombyx mori) 300 to about 900 m (1,000 to 3,000 ft) long. The fibers are very fine and lustrous, about 10 μm (0.0004 in) in diameter. About 2,000 to 3,000 cocoons are required to make a pound of silk (0.4 kg). At least 70 million pounds of raw silk are produced each year, requiring nearly 10 billion cocoons. Due to its small size and ease of culture, the silkworm has become a model organism in the study of lepidopteran and arthropod biology. Fundamental findings on pheromones, hormones, brain structures, and physiology have been made with the silkworm. One example of this was Document [6](Title: Silk) contribute to the ability of the whole cocoon to be unravelled as one continuous thread, permitting a much stronger cloth to be woven from the silk. Wild silks also tend to be more difficult to dye than silk from the cultivated silkworm. A technique known as demineralizing allows the mineral layer around the cocoon of wild silk moths to be removed, leaving only variability in color as a barrier to creating a commercial silk industry based on wild silks in the parts of the world where wild silk moths thrive, such as in Africa and South America. Silk was first Document [7](Title: Serica) of the leaves... So manifold is the labour employed, and so distant is the region of the globe drawn upon, to enable the Roman maiden to flaunt transparent clothing in public... Ammianus also reports this version, although Pausanias knew that silk came from insects specially cultivated by the Seres for the purpose, suggesting closer attention to Roman diplomats and traders who had visited China. Elsewhere, Pliny mentions that their iron—which they "send to us with their tissues and skins"—is the highest quality in the world, surpassing even Parthian iron. Pliny also reports a curious description of the Seres made by Question: what is the management and breeding of silkworms for the production of silk Answer:
Sericulture
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Fifty Shades of Grey (film)) The film premiered at the 65th Berlin International Film Festival on February 11 , 2015 and was released on February 13 , 2015 , by Universal Pictures and Focus Features . Despite receiving generally negative reviews , it was an immediate box office success , breaking numerous box office records and earning over $571 million worldwide . Document [1](Title: The Three Musketeers (2011 film)) was released on 22 August 2011 in the UK. The film grossed $132,249,913. First released in Germany on 1 September 2011, it topped the box office with $3.38 million and has since grossed $16.20 million. It was released in Austria the same day, topping the box office with $503,239 on its opening weekend. It topped the box office during its opening weekends in Italy ($2,023,021), Brazil ($2,343,786) and Turkey ($219,645). In the UK, Ireland and Malta, it debuted with $2,312,509, when it was released on 12–14 October 2011. Its highest-grossing opening to date overseas was achieved in Japan ($3.86 million). Document [2](Title: Closer to the Moon) production budget of the film has been estimated to be approximately US$5 million or €4.4 million. The film had its world premiere on November 29, 2013 at the Making Waves: New Romanian Cinema Festival at the Lincoln Center, before being released in Romanian cinemas on March 7, 2014. The film screened at the Romanian Film Festival in London on November 13, 2014. It was then released in Poland on March 13, 2015, and in the United States by Sundance Selects on April 17, 2015. The film screened at the Toronto Jewish Film Festival on May 2, 2015. The film was Document [3](Title: Coraline (film)) Media by Numbers, for the film to succeed it needed a box office comparable to "", which had grossed $16 million its opening weekend and ended up making more than $192 million worldwide; prior to the film's release, Dergarabedian thought Laika Studios "should be really pleased" were "Coraline" to make $10 million in its opening weekend. In its US opening weekend, the film grossed $16.85 million, ranking third at the box office. It made $15 million during its second weekend, bringing its U.S. total up to $35.6 million, $25.5 million of which came from 3D presentations. As of November 2009, Document [4](Title: Piranha 3DD) to an unspecified 2012 release. On March 3, 2012, it was announced that the film would be released simultaneously to theaters and through video on demand services. On March 14, it was announced that the film would be released on June 1, 2012 in the United States. The movie was released on May 11, 2012 in the UK. In the United States, it received a limited release, being shown in only 75 theaters. The film made a small impact during its debut weekend of release in the United Kingdom; its box receipts during its opening weekend were just £242,889, placing Document [5](Title: Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest) reviews, with praise for its special effects, action sequences, Hans Zimmer's musical score, humor, and performances, particularly those of Depp and Nighy, but criticism for its convoluted plot and running time. The film set several records in its first three days, with an opening weekend of $136 million in the United States, and it was, at the time, the fastest film ever to gross over $1 billion in the worldwide box office, and became the highest-grossing film of 2006. It currently ranks as the 26th highest-grossing film of all time worldwide and held the record as the highest-grossing film released Document [6](Title: Suicide Squad (film)) to $120 million, which would be a new August international debut record. "Deadline Hollywood" pointed out that although the film is a lesser known property, similar to "Guardians of the Galaxy", stars such as Will Smith are better known internationally, which could potentially aid the film's performance. It opened Wednesday, August 3, 2016, in 7 countries, earning $8.1 million. It opened in 50 more countries on August 4 and 5, earning $53.8 million for a three-day total of $64.6 million from 57 countries. Through Sunday, August 7, it delivered a five-day opening of $133.3 million from 57 countries on 17,630 Document [7](Title: The Tragedy of Man (film)) in the exchange rate at the time of the release. After 23 years in production, the last post-production work was finished in 2011. The film premiered on 27 November 2011 at the Anilogue International Animation Film Festival. It was released in regular Hungarian cinemas by Mozinet on 8 December 2011. The film was shown with an intermission, which made a screening last for three hours from start to finish. The film had 20,000 admissions in Hungary, of which 9,500 came from Budapest where it was screened in a single cinema. It was shown at a number of international film festivals. Question: when does fifty shades of grey come out Answer:
February 13 , 2015
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Surgeon General of the United States) Surgeon General of the United States Seal of the United States Public Health Service , 1798 Flag of the United States Surgeon General Incumbent Jerome Adams since September 5 , 2017 Public Health Service Public Health Service , Commissioned Corps Reports to United States Assistant Secretary for Health Seat Hubert H. Humphrey Building , United States Department of Health and Human Services ( HHS ) , Washington , D.C. Appointer The President with United States Senate advice and consent Term length 4 years Formation March 29 , 1871 First holder John M. Woodworth ( as Supervising Surgeon ) Website www.SurgeonGeneral.gov Document [1](Title: Surgeon General of the United States) buttons, and insignia are unique. Officers in the U.S. Public Health Service wear unique devices that are similar to U.S. Navy, Staff Corps Officers (e.g., Navy Medical Service Corps, Supply Corps, etc.). The only Surgeon General to actually hold the rank of a four-star admiral was David Satcher (born 1941, served 1998–2002). This was because he served simultaneously in the positions of Surgeon General (three-star) and Assistant Secretary for Health (which is a four-star office). John Maynard Woodworth (1837–1879, served 1871–1879), the first holder of the office as "Supervising Surgeon", is the only Surgeon General to not hold a rank. Document [2](Title: Fred T. Murphy) the Harvard Medical School, 1903–4; Austin teaching fellow in surgery, 1905; visiting surgeon to the clinic, 1909–11, and assistant in surgery 1910–11. From 1904 to 1908 he was assistant surgeon at the Infants Hospital, Boston, and from 1907 to 1911 surgeon to out-patients at the Massachusetts General Hospital. In 1911 he was appointed professor of surgery at the Washington University Medical School and, in 1914, chief surgeon of the Barnes Hospital and consulting surgeon of the City Hospital, St. Louis, but resigned in 1919 to become a practising surgeon in Detroit. During the World War he was 'director and commanding Document [3](Title: Robert Maitland O'Reilly) of brigadier general on September 7, 1902. Up to this time it had been the almost invariable custom that the office assistants of the Surgeon General should be selected from among the senior officers of the corps. General O'Reilly departed from the long-time custom by surrounding himself with a group of young, alert, active men, a group that went far toward directing the fortunes of the corps for the next two decades. To this group belonged Jefferson R. Kean, Walter D. McCaw, Charles F. Mason, and James D. Glennan, all junior majors, and Merritte Webber Ireland, Francis T. Winter, Charles Document [4](Title: Joseph D. Bryant) Joseph D. Bryant Joseph Decatur Bryant (March 12, 1845 April 7, 1914) was a surgeon, New York City Health Commissioner, Surgeon-General of the National Guard Surgeons and physician to Grover Cleveland and John D. Rockefeller. He also held a series of academic positions at Bellevue Hospital Medical College, culminating with the title of professor of the principles and practice of surgery, and professor of operative and clinical surgery, at New York University and Bellevue Hospital Medical College. Joseph Decatur Bryant was born on a farm near Troy, Wisconsin Territory, on March 12, 1845, the only child of Alonzo Bryant and Document [5](Title: William H. Stewart) the Assistant Secretary for Health). Stewart’s nomination to be Surgeon General on September 24, 1965 came as a complete surprise. Only weeks earlier, then-Surgeon General Luther Leonidas Terry had appointed him to succeed James Watt as Director of NIH. Stewart found himself at the helm of PHS under pressure both to expand his agency because of Medicare and Medicaid and to cut back because of the war in Vietnam and a slowing of the phenomenal growth of NIH. His response was to weave PHS into the Johnson Administration’s creative approaches to federalism, using the highly successful Hill-Burton hospital construction program Document [6](Title: Joseph Barnes) Joseph Barnes Joseph K. Barnes (July 21, 1817 – April 5, 1883) was an American physician and the 12th Surgeon General of the United States Army (1864–1882). Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to a prosperous Federal judge, Barnes studied medicine at Harvard University, but left before finishing his studies due to ill health. He later studied medicine with Surgeon General Thomas Harris of the United States Navy, and received his medical degree from the University of Pennsylvania in 1838. After graduation, he served a year as resident physician at Blockley Hospital and for another year as visiting physician for the northwestern Document [7](Title: Cuthbert Sidney Wallace) was in 1913 promoted to surgeon. He was also surgeon to the East London Hospital for Children. During the First World War he served in France as consulting surgeon to the First Army, British Expeditionary Force, with the temporary rank of colonel, Army Medical Services, being promoted to major-general in 1917. For his war service he was created C.M.G in 1916 and C.B. in 1918, and promoted K.C.M.G. in 1919. After the war he again returned to St Thomas's to serve as senior surgeon and director of the surgical unit for several years, before being elected consultant surgeon and dean Question: who is the new surgeon general of the united states Answer:
Jerome Adams
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: History of wine) The earliest archaeological evidence of wine grapes has been found at sites in Georgia ( c. 6000 BC ) , Iran ( c. 5000 BC ) , Greece ( c. 4500 BC ) , and Sicily ( c. 4000 BC ) , although there is earlier evidence of a wine made from fermented grapes among other fruits being consumed in China ( c. 7000 -- 5500 BC ) . The oldest evidence of wine production has been found in Armenia ( c. 4100 BC ) . Document [1](Title: Culture of Greece) influenced by the theory of humors, first put forth by the ancient Greek doctor Claudius Aelius Galenus. The modern Greek cuisine has also influences from the Ottoman and Italian cuisine due to the Ottoman and Venetian dominance through the centuries. Greece is one of the oldest wine-producing regions in the world. The earliest evidence of Greek wine has been dated to 6,500 years ago where wine was produced on a household or communal basis. In ancient times, as trade in wine became extensive, it was transported from end to end of the Mediterranean; Greek wine had especially high prestige in Document [2](Title: Wine) other organic compounds commonly found in wine. However, other fruits indigenous to the region, such as hawthorn, cannot be ruled out. If these beverages, which seem to be the precursors of rice wine, included grapes rather than other fruits, they would have been any of the several dozen indigenous wild species in China, rather than "Vitis vinifera", which was introduced there 6000 years later. The spread of wine culture westwards was most probably due to the Phoenicians who spread outward from a base of city-states along the Mediterranean coast of what are today Syria, Lebanon, Israel, and Palestine. The wines Document [3](Title: Vitis vinifera) Cultivation of the domesticated grape spread to other parts of the Old World in pre-historic or early historic times. The first written accounts of grapes and wine can be found in the "Epic of Gilgamesh", an ancient Sumerian text from the third millennium BC. There are also numerous hieroglyphic references from ancient Egypt, according to which wine was reserved exclusively for priests, state functionaries and the pharaoh. Hesiod in his Works and Days gives detailed descriptions of grape harvests and wine making techniques, and there are also many references in Homer. Greek colonists then introduced these practices in their colonies, Document [4](Title: History of beer) History of beer Beer is one of the oldest drinks humans have produced, dating back to at least the 5th millennium BC in Iran, and was recorded in the written history of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia and spread throughout the world. As almost any cereal containing certain sugars can undergo spontaneous fermentation due to wild yeasts in the air, it is possible that beer-like drinks were independently developed throughout the world soon after a tribe or culture had domesticated cereal. Chemical tests of ancient pottery jars reveal that beer was produced as far back as about 7,000 years ago in Document [5](Title: Areni-1 winery) will be published in future. The results of the biochemical analysis of the residues from the bottom of the wine-press and the storage jars carried out by Hans Barnard and his colleagues at UCLA were published in the "Journal of Archaeological Science" in January 2011. Botanical analysis and radiocarbon tests carried out by researchers at the University of California, Irvine and Oxford University have revealed the date of the Areni-1 winery to around 4100 BC and 4000 BC or the Late Chalcolithic Period. According to Areshian, the vintners used their feet to press the wine in the clay basin, the Document [6](Title: Old vine) have economically viable yields when they get truly ancient. The oldest known grape-producing vine is a Žametovka vine growing in Maribor in Slovenia, which is known to have been alive in the 17th century; it produces a token of about 35 to 55 kg grapes each year, which is fermented and put into about 100 miniature bottles. In the South Tyrol wine region of northeast Italy, a more-than 350-year-old vine of Versoaln planted at Castel Katzenzungen is being used to produce wine with the fruit of the old vine blended with the fruit of younger plantings to produce approximately 500 Document [7](Title: Speyer wine bottle) Speyer wine bottle The Speyer wine bottle (or ""Römerwein"") is a sealed vessel, presumed to contain liquid wine, and so named because it was unearthed from a Roman tomb found near Speyer, Germany. It is considered the world's oldest known bottle of wine. The Speyer wine bottle most likely holds wine, and was originally found in 1867, in what is now the Rhineland-Palatinate region of Germany near Speyer, one of the oldest settlements in the area. The artifact has since become known as "the world's oldest existing bottle of wine". The bottle has been dated between 325 and 350 AD Question: where was the oldest archaeological evidence of wine found Answer:
Armenia
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Los Angeles Angels) Los Angeles Angels 2017 Los Angeles Angels season Established in 1961 Based in Anaheim since 1966 Team logo Cap insignia Major league affiliations American League ( 1961 -- present ) West Division ( 1969 -- present ) Current uniform Retired numbers 11 26 29 30 50 42 Colors Red , Navy Blue , Silver Name Los Angeles Angels ( 2016 -- present ) Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim ( 2005 -- 2015 ) Anaheim Angels ( 1997 -- 2004 ) California Angels ( 1965 -- 1996 ) Los Angeles Angels ( 1961 -- 1965 ) Other nicknames The Halos Ballpark Angel Stadium ( 1966 -- present ) Dodger Stadium ( 1962 -- 1965 ) Wrigley Field ( Los Angeles ) ( 1961 ) Major league titles World Series titles ( 1 ) 2002 AL Pennants ( 1 ) 2002 West Division titles ( 9 ) 1979 1982 1986 2005 2007 2008 2009 2014 Wild card berths ( 1 ) 2002 Front office Owner ( s ) Arte Moreno Manager Mike Scioscia General Manager Billy Eppler President of Baseball Operations John Carpino Document [1](Title: History of the Los Angeles Angels) History of the Los Angeles Angels The Los Angeles Angels are a professional baseball team is based in Anaheim, California. The Angels compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) West division. The "Angels" name originates from the city that was their original home, Los Angeles, and was inspired by a minor league club of the same name. The Angels have played home games at Angel Stadium since 1966. For many years, there had been talk of an existing American League team relocating to Los Angeles. In 1940, the St. Louis Browns asked Document [2](Title: Los Angeles Angels (PCL)) the Spokane Indians, the Dodgers' top affiliate for fourteen years, through the 1971 season. The 1903, 1934, and 1943 Angels were recognized as being among the 100 greatest minor league teams of all time. The 1934 team, with a 137–50 record, was ranked as the number one minor league team. The LA Angels were sold to Brooklyn Dodger owner Walter O'Malley in 1957, with the 1958 "LA" Dodgers adopting the L ligature, though they changed its colors.]] From 1903 through 1957, the Los Angeles Angels, a PCL team, were one of the mainstays of the Pacific Coast League, winning the Document [3](Title: 2005 Los Angeles Angels season) at Angel Stadium and still think that Doug Eddings suffers from "Dumbass Umpire Syndrome". Note: Major League Baseball's playoff format automatically seeds the Wild Card team 4th. Normally, the No. 1 seed plays the No. 4 seed in the Division Series. However, MLB does not allow the No. 1 seed to play the 4th seed/Wild Card winner in the Division Series if they are from the same division, instead having the No. 1 seed play the next lowest seed, the No. 3 seed. 2005 Los Angeles Angels season The Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim 2005 season was the franchise's 45th Document [4](Title: 1981 California Angels season) bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in" 1981 California Angels season The California Angels 1981 season involved the Angels finishing with the 5th best overall record in the American League West with 51 wins and 59 losses. The season was suspended for 50 days due to the infamous 1981 players' strike and the league chose as its playoff teams the division winners from the first and second halves of the season. "Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; Document [5](Title: History of the Los Angeles Angels) the Angels' board in 1960; Mr. Disney served on the board until his death in 1966, and had been one of the proponents of the team's move to Orange County in 1965–66. Walt Disney Pictures also produced the 1994 movie "Angels in the Outfield", which featured a fictionalized version of the team. In 1995, the year of the Angels' worst regular season collapse, the Los Angeles Rams had moved to St. Louis, citing the deteriorating conditions at Anaheim Stadium as a primary cause for the move. Angels management, stuck in an aging, oversized "white elephant" of a stadium, hinted the Document [6](Title: History of the Texas Rangers (baseball)) League Baseball decided to expand a year earlier than planned to stave off threats of losing its exemption from the Sherman Antitrust Act. At the winter meetings that year, it awarded a new team to Los Angeles (the Angels, now the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim) as well as a new team in the nation's capital. This new team adopted the old Senators name, but was (and still is) considered an expansion team since the Twins retained the old Senators' records and history. The Senators and Angels began to fill their rosters with American League players in an expansion draft. Document [7](Title: Los Angeles Angels (PCL)) the history of baseball. The 1934 Angels finished at 137-50 (.733) — games ahead of the Mission Reds on an annualized basis (the PCL used a split season format that year). They were so good that their opponent in the postseason series (which the Angels won) was an all-star team composed of players from the other seven PCL teams. The team won pennants in 1938, 1943, 1944, and 1947, with the 1943 team being considered among the best in league history. For the next eight years, however, the Angels struggled to remain mediocre at best. In 1949, the Seraphs finished Question: when did the anaheim angels win the world series Answer:
2002
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Petroleum in the United States) Petroleum in the United States has been a major industry since shortly after the oil discovery in the Oil Creek area of Titusville , Pennsylvania in 1859 . The petroleum industry includes exploration for , production , processing ( refining ) , transportation , and marketing of natural gas and petroleum products . As of 2008 , the U.S. was the world 's third - largest oil producer ( after Saudi Arabia and Russia ) , producing 8.5 million barrels of oil and natural gas liquids per day . The leading oil - producing area in the United States in 2014 was Texas ( 3.17 million barrels ( 504,000 m ) per day ) , followed by the federal zone of the Gulf of Mexico ( 1.40 million barrels ( 223,000 m ) per day ) , followed by North Dakota ( 1.09 million barrels ( 173,000 m ) per day ) and California ( 0.50 million barrels ( 79,000 m ) per day ) . Document [1](Title: Oil reserves in the United States) four sites on the Gulf of Mexico, with a total capacity of of crude oil. The maximum total withdrawal capability from the United States Strategic Petroleum Reserve is per day. This is roughly 32% of US oil imports, or 75% of imports from OPEC. Services under the U.S. Department of the Interior estimate the total volume of undiscovered, technically recoverable oil in the United States to be roughly . Over 1 million exploratory and developmental crude oil wells have already been drilled in the US since 1949. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) estimates undiscovered technically recoverable crude oil onshore Document [2](Title: Petroleum Administration for Defense Districts) units to handle heavier Canadian feedstocks to replace declining domestic oil production. Canadian oil was readily available since Canadian oil pipelines from Alberta to Ontario ran through the US Midwest, and it has almost completely backed out competing sources of imported oil due to its lower cost. US Midwest refiners have become by far the largest refiners of Canadian oil sands production. Unexpectedly, North Dakota production also increased because of hydraulic fracturing in the Bakken formation, making ND the second largest US producing state after Texas. Oil production from ND was delivered through the Canadian pipeline system, so the glut Document [3](Title: Energy in California) refining capacity, behind Texas and Louisiana, and accounts for about 11% of total U.S. capacity, as of 2012. In addition to oil from California, California's refineries process crude oil from Alaska and foreign suppliers. The refineries are configured to produce cleaner fuels, including reformulated motor gasoline and low-sulfur diesel, to meet strict Federal and State environmental regulations. As of 2017, California has 18 refineries with a capacity to process nearly per day. Gasoline consumption fluctuates with economic conditions and gas prices, but has generally remained flat since 2000, despite increasing population. In 2017, Texas surpassed California in gasoline consumption, despite Document [4](Title: 21st-century fossil fuel regulations in the United States) fracked. Starting around the same time hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling became more widely used since they made shale energy reserves more accessible. The industry pushed to drill more natural gas in more places, because they believed that they had the technology, expertise, and need as well as the fact that tremendous energy and profit could be made from more sites. However, until this day 94% of the country’s offshore acreage has not been made available to energy development, despite requests from the natural gas industry. This has all allowed for the United States to become the world’s leading oil Document [5](Title: Alberta) only average 0.6% for the last two quarters of 2015. This estimate predicts a real GDP growth of only 1.4% for 2015. A positive is the predicted 10.8% growth in Nominal GDP, and possibly above 11% in 2016. Alberta is the largest producer of conventional crude oil, synthetic crude, natural gas and gas products in Canada. Alberta is the world's second-largest exporter of natural gas and the fourth-largest producer. Two of the largest producers of petrochemicals in North America are located in central and north-central Alberta. In both Red Deer and Edmonton, polyethylene and vinyl manufacturers produce products that are Document [6](Title: Offshore oil and gas in the United States) production from the Gulf of Mexico will increase to per year by 2013. Major fields include Atlantis Oil Field, and the Tiber oilfield (discovered 2009) and others in the Keathley Canyon protraction area. Notable oil platforms include Baldpate, Bullwinkle, Mad Dog, Magnolia, Mars, Petronius, and Thunder Horse. Notable individual wells include Jack 2 and Knotty Head. The eastern Gulf of Mexico, which includes offshore Gulf Coast Florida, has never been a petroleum-producing area due to federal and state restrictions on exploration. Offshore platforms currently exist as far east as to near the Florida-Alabama border. See "Offshore drilling on the US Document [7](Title: Andeavor Anacortes Refinery) Gasoline, jet and diesel fuel are the primary products, which are supplied to end users predominantly in Washington and Oregon. Other products include heavy fuel oils, liquefied petroleum gas, and asphalt. Secondary processing facilities include a fluid catalytic cracker, an alkylation unit, hydrotreating units and a naphtha reformer. Given this configuration, the plant likely follows a 10-5-3-2 crack spread, meaning that for 10 barrels of crude feed stock the refinery produces 5 barrels of gasoline, 3 barrels of distillate, and 2 barrels of fuel oil. Finished products are shipped through a third-party pipeline system that serves western Washington and Oregon. Question: where is the most oil produced in the us Answer:
Texas
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Intolerable Acts) The Intolerable Acts was the term invented by 19th century historians to refer to a series of punitive laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 after the Boston Tea Party . The laws were meant to punish the Massachusetts colonists for their defiance in the Boston Tea Party protest in reaction to changes in taxation by the British to the detriment of colonial goods . In Great Britain , these laws were referred to as the Coercive Acts . Document [1](Title: Townshend Acts) modification of the Townshend Duties Act was scarcely any change at all. The Townshend duty on tea was retained when the 1773 Tea Act was passed, which allowed the East India Company to ship tea directly to the colonies. The Boston Tea Party soon followed, which set the stage for the American Revolution. Townshend Acts The Townshend Acts were a series of British Acts of Parliament passed during 1767 and 1768 and relating to the British in North America. The acts are named after Charles Townshend, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, who proposed the program. Historians vary slightly as to Document [2](Title: Stephen Hopkins (politician)) Parliament in England. This act was a scheme for taxing the colonies, directing that all commercial and legal documents, to be valid in a court of law, must be written on stamped paper sold at fixed prices by governmental officers, and also directing that a duty be applied to newspapers. Parliament assumed the right to tax the colonies and put additional duties on sugar, coffee, and other articles, and required that lumber and iron from the colonies only be exported to England. The news of the act infuriated the colonists, and Samuel Adams of Massachusetts invited all the colonies to Document [3](Title: George III of the United Kingdom) was the culmination of the civil and political American Revolution resulting from the American Enlightenment. Brought to a head over the lack of American representation in Parliament, which was seen as a denial of their rights as Englishmen and often popularly focused on direct taxes levied by Parliament on the colonies without their consent, the colonists resisted the imposition of direct rule after the Boston Tea Party. Creating self-governing provinces, they circumvented the British ruling apparatus in each colony by 1774. Armed conflict between British regulars and colonial militiamen broke out at the Battles of Lexington and Concord in April Document [4](Title: Boston Non-importation agreement) the year of 1770 when the British Parliament was forced to repeal the acts against which the Boston Non-importation agreement was meant. Throughout the 1760s, the British Parliament was passing many acts which had significant implications on the colonial economy, causing problems in the industry, agriculture and commerce. This means that the Boston Non-importation agreement could not be the first such agreement which opposed the Parliament's behaviour. The very first one was triggered by the Parliament's Stamp Act which required the Thirteen Colonies to pay a tax on every piece of paper used. This act had only one goal - Document [5](Title: Intolerable Acts) series of measures to increase tax revenue from the colonies. Parliament believed that these acts, such as the Stamp Act of 1765 and the Townshend Acts of 1767, were legitimate means of having the colonies pay their fair share of the costs of maintaining the British Empire. Although protests led to the repeal of the Stamp and Townshend Acts, Parliament adhered to the position that it had the right to legislate for the colonies "in all cases whatsoever" in the Declaratory Act of 1766 Many colonists argued that under the unwritten British Constitution, a British subject's property could not be Document [6](Title: Neal, James, Fordyce and Down) only steadied by the formation of a "cooperative fund" among the other banking houses of the city. The liquidity situation continued to be a problem into 1773. The crisis has also been seen as worsening relations between Britain and the Thirteen Colonies in America. Among other stresses, the East India Company, already in financial difficulties, was further weakened by the crisis, and in 1773 managed to persuade Parliament to pass the Tea Act, exempting it from the duty all other importers in the colonies had to pay. The unpopularity of this led to the Boston Tea Party at the end Document [7](Title: History of Virginia) rioters to London for trial incited more protest from Virginia. The Assembly met to consider resolutions condemning on the transport of the rioters, but Governor Botetourt, while sympathetic, dissolved the legislature. The Burgesses reconvened in Raleigh Tavern and made an agreement to ban British imports. Britain gave up the attempt to extradite the prisoners and lifted all taxes except the tax on tea in 1770. In 1773, because of a renewed attempt to extradite Americans to Britain, Richard Henry Lee, Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry, George Mason, and others in the legislature created a committee of correspondence to deal with problems Question: what is the date of the intolerable acts Answer:
1774
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Abstract expressionism) Technically , an important predecessor is surrealism , with its emphasis on spontaneous , automatic , or subconscious creation . Jackson Pollock 's dripping paint onto a canvas laid on the floor is a technique that has its roots in the work of André Masson , Max Ernst , and David Alfaro Siqueiros . The newer research tends to put the exile - surrealist Wolfgang Paalen in the position of the artist and theoretician who fostered the theory of the viewer - dependent possibility space through his paintings and his magazine DYN . Paalen considered ideas of quantum mechanics , as well as idiosyncratic interpretations of the totemic vision and the spatial structure of native - Indian painting from British Columbia and prepared the ground for the new spatial vision of the young American abstracts . His long essay Totem Art ( 1943 ) had considerable influence on such artists as Martha Graham , Isamu Noguchi , Jackson Pollock , Mark Rothko and Barnett Newman . Around 1944 Barnett Newman tried to explain America 's newest art movement and included a list of '' the men in the new movement . '' Paalen is mentioned twice ; other artists mentioned are Gottlieb , Rothko , Pollock , Hofmann , Baziotes , Gorky and others . Motherwell is mentioned with a question mark . Another important early manifestation of what came to be abstract expressionism is the work of American Northwest artist Mark Tobey , especially his '' white writing '' canvases , which , though generally not large in scale , anticipate the '' all - over '' look of Pollock 's drip paintings . Document [1](Title: Abstract expressionism) in 1929 in relation to works by Wassily Kandinsky. Technically, an important predecessor is surrealism, with its emphasis on spontaneous, automatic, or subconscious creation. Jackson Pollock's dripping paint onto a canvas laid on the floor is a technique that has its roots in the work of André Masson, Max Ernst, and David Alfaro Siqueiros. The newer research tends to put the exile-surrealist Wolfgang Paalen in the position of the artist and theoretician who fostered the theory of the viewer-dependent possibility space through his paintings and his magazine "DYN". Paalen considered ideas of quantum mechanics, as well as idiosyncratic interpretations of Document [2](Title: Jackson Pollock) was presented also in Matta's workshop about which Steven Naifeh reports: »Once, when Matta was demonstrating the Surrealist technique [Paalen's] Fumage, Jackson [Pollock] turned to (Peter) Busa and said in a stage whisper: ›I can do that without the smoke.‹« Pollock's painter friend Fritz Bultman even stated (hinting at the revolutionary possibility-space of Paalen): "It was Wolfgang Paalen, who started it all." In 1950, Hans Namuth, a young photographer, wanted to take pictures (both stills and moving) of Pollock at work. Pollock promised to start a new painting especially for the photographic session, but when Namuth arrived, Pollock apologized and Document [3](Title: Art criticism) proponent of Abstract Expressionism. Artist Robert Motherwell, well-heeled, joined Greenberg in promoting a style that fit the political climate and the intellectual rebelliousness of the era. Clement Greenberg proclaimed Abstract Expressionism and Jackson Pollock in particular as the epitome of aesthetic value. Greenberg supported Pollock's work on formalistic grounds as simply the best painting of its day and the culmination of an art tradition going back via Cubism and Cézanne to Monet, in which painting became ever "purer" and more concentrated in what was "essential" to it, the making of marks on a flat surface. Jackson Pollock's work has always Document [4](Title: Visual art of the United States) example of an Action Painter: his "creative process", incorporating thrown and dripped paint from a stick or poured directly from the can, revolutionized painting methods. Willem de Kooning famously said about Pollock "he broke the ice for the rest of us." Ironically Pollock's large repetitious expanses of linear fields are characteristic of Color Field painting as well, as art critic Michael Fried wrote in his essay for the catalog of "Three American painters: Kenneth Noland, Jules Olitski, Frank Stella" at the Fogg Art Museum in 1965. Despite the disagreements between art critics, Abstract Expressionism marks a turning-point in the history Document [5](Title: History of painting) "action painter" because of his seemingly spontaneous and intense style, focusing less, or not at all, on figures or imagery, but on the actual brush strokes and use of canvas. Clyfford Still, Barnett Newman, Adolph Gottlieb, and the serenely shimmering blocks of color in Mark Rothko's work (which is not what would usually be called expressionist and which Rothko denied was abstract), are classified as abstract expressionists, albeit from what Clement Greenberg termed the Color Field direction of abstract expressionism. Both Hans Hofmann and Robert Motherwell (gallery) can be comfortably described as practitioners of action painting and Color Field painting. Document [6](Title: Woman VI) sought to understand the recent history of paintings thoroughly. In post-World War II era, de Kooning painted in an Abstract Expressionist style, also known as Action painting, whose painterly gesturalism transcended the conventional definitions of figuration and abstraction, and he substantially influenced art after World War II, becoming one of a group of artists that came to be known as the New York School. Jackson Pollock, Franz Kline, as well as Arshile Gorky are also regard as members of the New York avant-garde, with de Kooning championed as the leader of the movement. "Woman VI" is a life-sized painting. A Document [7](Title: Monochrome painting) uncertainty about perception; in terms of Frank Stella's famous quote, you may question whether "what you see" is actually what you are seeing. Although Pousette-Dart (1916 Saint-Paul, Minnesota, USA - 1992 Suffern, New York, USA) created several distinct series of paintings during his long career as an Abstract Expressionist painter, his monochromatic series called Presences spanning the late 1950s through the early 1990s, was among his most powerful. Beginning in the 1950s and 1960s, several Abstract Expressionist / color field artists (notably: Barnett Newman, Mark Rothko, Robert Motherwell, Adolph Gottlieb, Theodoros Stamos, Sam Francis, Ludwig Sander, Clyfford Still, Jules Olitski, Question: who started the drip technique in art during abstract expressionism in the modern period Answer:
Max Ernst
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: The Great British Bake Off (series 5)) The fifth series of The Great British Bake Off began on Wednesday 6 August 2014 . Mel Giedroyc and Sue Perkins presented the show and Mary Berry and Paul Hollywood returned as judges . Twelve contestants competed in this series , and the competition was held in Welford Park in Berkshire . The series was won by Nancy Birtwhistle , with Luis Troyano and Richard Burr finishing as runners - up . Document [1](Title: The Great British Bake Off (series 3)) The Great British Bake Off (series 3) The third series of "The Great British Bake Off" began airing on Tuesday 14 August 2012. The series was filmed at Harptree Court in East Harptree, Somerset. Seven thousand applied for the competition and twelve contestants were chosen. For the first time, all three finalists were male: Brendan Lynch, John Whaite and James Morton. The competition was won by John Whaite. No one was eliminated this week due to John having injured his finger and could not complete the last bake, and the judges thought it would be unfair to eliminate anyone. Two Document [2](Title: The Great British Bake Off: An Extra Slice) The Great British Bake Off: An Extra Slice The Great British Bake Off: An Extra Slice (sometimes shortened to An Extra Slice) is a British television after-show to follow the series "The Great British Bake Off". Hosted by Jo Brand, the show features three celebrity panelist to discus the after-events of the week. Originally,the show began airing on BBC Two on 8th August 2014 two days after the premiere episode of the fifth series of the main show, and is filmed at The London Studios. In April 2017, it was announced that the series and Brand would follow "The Great Document [3](Title: The Great American Baking Show (season 2)) January 12, 2017, after eight weeks of competition, Amanda Faber won the season with Stephanie Chen as runner-up. This is the first season in "Bake Off" history to have two voluntary exits and a final two instead of a final three on finale week. Color key: In their first signature bake, the ten bakers created a winter-themed Bundt cake in under two hours. The cakes required a swirl or filling on the inside, with frosting and lace on the outside. Mary Berry's apple almond cake served as the first technical bake of the season. Lastly, in the showstopper, the bakers Document [4](Title: The Great British Bake Off) from the contestants, who are all amateurs. The applicants to the show are assessed by a researcher, followed by an audition in London with two of their bakes. They then undergo a screen test and an interview with a producer. A second audition involves the applicants baking two recipes for the judges in front of the cameras. Ten contestants were chosen for the first series, twelve for the following two series, thirteen for the fourth, and back to twelve from series five onwards. In each episode, the amateur bakers are given three challenges: a signature bake, a technical challenge, and Document [5](Title: The Great Pottery Throw Down) The Great Pottery Throw Down The Great Pottery Throw Down is a television programme first broadcast on the BBC Two from 3 November 2015. It is a contest in the style of "The Great British Bake Off" and "The Great British Sewing Bee" but with the craft of pottery rather than baking or sewing. The presenter is Sara Cox and the expert judges are Kate Malone and Keith Brymer Jones. It was filmed in Middleport Pottery. Colour key: The second series began on 2 February 2017 on BBC Two. Some episodes will have a guest judge, these will include Emma Document [6](Title: The American Baking Competition) Great Holiday Baking Show". The Christmas-themed revival ran for four episodes as part of ABC's December lineup, and featured Johnny Iuzzini joined by British judge Mary Berry. The series returned for a second season in 2016, renamed "The Great American Baking Show". Color Key: Episode one aired on May 29, 2013. The theme of the episode was sweet and savory pies and tarts. For the signature bake, the bakers were given two hours to bake an American pie. On the technical bake, the bakers were required to bake a free-standing savory pie using Paul Hollywood's own recipe. The pie would Document [7](Title: The Generation Game) on her acting and writing career. On 11 May 2017, it was reported that Mel and Sue were linked to host a reboot for the BBC as part of a package for not staying with "The Great British Bake Off" after its move to Channel 4. On 23 July 2017, it was confirmed that Mel and Sue would host. However, on 7 February 2018, two episodes instead of the planned four was confirmed, with the BBC saying "During the production process it's not unusual for a new series to change length as the format evolves". Basil Brush was announced as Question: who wins season 5 of great british baking show Answer:
Nancy Birtwhistle
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Cavalier King Charles Spaniel) The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is a small spaniel classed as a toy dog by The Kennel Club and the American Kennel Club . It originated in the United Kingdom and is one of the more popular breeds in many countries . Since 2000 , it has grown in popularity in the United States and ranks as the 18th most popular pure - breed in the United States ( 2013 Registration Statistics ) . It has a silky , smooth coat and commonly a smooth undocked tail . The breed standard recognizes four colours : Blenheim ( chestnut and white ) , Tricolor ( black / white / tan ) , Black and Tan , and Ruby . The breed is generally friendly , affectionate and good with both children and other animals ; however , they require a lot of human interaction . Since they are a family dog , it is recommended to not leave them alone for long periods at a time . The expected average lifespan of a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is under ten years . Document [1](Title: King Charles Spaniel) has a white coat with red patches, and should have a distinctive red spot in the center of the skull. King Charles Spaniels are often mistaken for Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. There are several significant differences between the two breeds, the principal being the size. While the Cavalier weighs on average between , the King Charles is smaller at . In addition, their facial features, while similar, are distinguishable: the Cavalier's ears are set higher and its skull is flat, while the King Charles' is domed. Finally, the muzzle length of the King Charles tends to be shorter than the Document [2](Title: King Charles Spaniel) the silliness of the King, playing with his dog all the while and not minding the business." Charles' sister Princess Henrietta was painted by Pierre Mignard holding a small red and white toy-sized spaniel. Judith Blunt-Lytton, 16th Baroness Wentworth, writing in her 1911 work "Toy Dogs and Their Ancestors", theorised that after Henrietta's death at the age of 26 in 1670, Charles took her dogs for himself. Toy spaniels continued to be popular in the British court during the reign of King James II, through that of Queen Anne. Popular types included those of the white and red variety. Following Document [3](Title: Staffordshire dog figurine) the spaniels in the 1800s. The Staffordshire spaniel is tied to the history of the King Charles Spaniel. These spaniels became great favourites of the British monarchs. King Charles I (1600–1649) had a spaniel as a young boy. Owing to Queen Victoria’s spaniel Dash, however, the spaniel model enjoyed a surge in popularity in the 1840s which lasted through her reign. Not all dog models were based solely on the spaniel. You can also find other Staffordshire dog breeds, such as pugs, afghans, greyhounds, collies, poodles, and Dalmatians. "Wally dugs" have been mentioned in Scottish poetry, including ""The Queen of Document [4](Title: French Spaniel) liver. Historically, the coat was only white with black markings, but the breed was mixed with other colours of Spaniels during the 19th century. The French Spaniel has a friendly and outgoing personality and is well balanced and patient. It is not a naturally aggressive dog, is eager to please and thus can be trained easily. A dog of this breed will form a strong bond with its master, being typically a working dog. It has a high level of stamina and requires vigorous exercise. The breed is robustly healthy with few issues and adapts well to wet weather conditions. Document [5](Title: Tibetan Spaniel) Tibetan Spaniel The Tibetan Spaniel is a breed of assertive, small, intelligent dogs originating over 2,500 years ago in the Himalayan mountains of Tibet. They share ancestry with the Pekingese, Japanese Chin, Shih Tzu, Lhasa Apso, Tibetan Terrier and Pug. This breed is not a spaniel; in the original meaning of the term; its breeding and role differs from other spaniels and spaniels are gun dogs. The spaniel name may have been given due to its resemblance to the bred-down lapdog versions of the hunting spaniels, such as the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel. The Tibetan Spaniel has a domed head Document [6](Title: American Cocker Spaniel) Nixon and Harry S. Truman. In 2013, the cocker spaniel ranked 29th the American Kennel Club registration statistics of historical comparisons and notable trends. The breed is the smallest of the sporting dogs recognised by the AKC, and its distinctly shaped head makes it immediately recognisable. In addition, there are some marked differences between it and its English relative. It is a happy breed with average working intelligence, although by being bred to a show standard it is no longer an ideal working dog. Members of the breed suffer from a wide variety of health ailments including problems with their Document [7](Title: French Spaniel) seen to be active and hold seminars, matches as well as local and national speciality shows. The Kennel Club (UK) does not have a miscellaneous class or foundation stock service, instead it requires British bred dog and three generation pedigrees of them, along with details from the country of origin including the breed standard. This allows listing on the Imported Breeds Register, with full recognition granted at the discretion of the Kennel Club Review Committee. The French Spaniel is one of the two tallest spaniel breeds, being taller than the English Springer Spaniel. Males can range in height from , Question: where did the cavalier king charles spaniel come from Answer:
the United Kingdom
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Former Australian dialling codes) In Australia , as in other countries , due to the increase in subscriber uptake of services such as extra telephone lines in homes , mobile phones and other services , the previous numbering plan was being stretched to its limit . It was decided to reduce the number of area codes and lengthen all subscriber numbers by one or two digits . This occurred between 1994 and 1998 , and was done progressively to ensure as little inconvenience and confusion as possible . The gradual change was also to avoid number clashes , a situation where two subscribers in two completely different locations have technically the same telephone number if dialled in their entirety . The first numbers to be converted to eight digits were numbers in the 99x xxxx and 99 xxxx ranges in the suburb of Mona Vale in Sydney , which all became 999x xxxx or 9999 xxxx on 25 July 1994 . The final codes changed to eight digits were the Queensland ( 070 ) , ( 071 ) , ( 076 ) , ( 077 ) and ( 079 ) codes , which all changed to ( 07 ) 4yxx xxxx on 10 November 1997 . Document [1](Title: Mobile Telephone Service) such as an individual telephone in a rural area, using a six-digit combination of 88T-XXX, where T is a digit from 6 to 9, and X is any digit 0-9. For example, Fox Lake, Yukon Territory, was 889-949. This combination would serve the same purpose as the NANP area code and central office code, with its own latitudinal-longitudinal coordinates, to allow a distance to be calculated for rating of a call. This coding system, which was in its zenith of usage during the 1980s and 1990s, was rendered unusable when the North American Numbering Plan administrator withdrew the 88X codes Document [2](Title: Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom) as the termination points for non-geographic numbers, and by some automated systems such as alarms. As such they are not usually meant to be directly dialled. These numbers have been problematic as some mobile phone operators in the UK do not allow access to these ranges, and there may also be difficulty accessing these numbers from outside the UK. Regulator Ofcom proposes that in future these numbers be released for wider, general-purpose use in up to 70 area codes facing number shortage. In order to avoid confusion with codes beginning with these digits, the area code must always be dialled, Document [3](Title: Telephone numbers in Brazil) digit "7" was reserved at first exclusively for radiophone use (iDEN technology), but soaring demand for new mobile numbers eventually forced unused number ranges starting with "7" to be released for general mobile use. Historically, at the time mobile numbers had seven or eight digits, the higher ranges of the "9" initial digit ("96-99") were originally assigned to the old state monopolies before the privatization of Brazil's telephony system, and later to their privatized direct successors. In order to create a competitive market, later the Brazilian government auctioned further mobile service licenses, filling the available number ranges backwards - first Document [4](Title: Seven-digit dialing) implemented in area codes that have interchangeable NXX codes. Protected dialing plans as in national capital areas are discontinued to help meet demand without an area code relief. As 1994 nears an end, 1+10 or 10 becomes required throughout the numbering plan in preparation for interchangeable NPA codes. All local numbers are now seven-digit, as the last technological hold-outs have given way to modern switching technology. The concept of a ten-digit local number is now conceived, as New York has an overlay code but seven-digit dialing is still the norm. Interchangeable NPA codes are introduced in Washington and Alabama, and Document [5](Title: UK telephone code misconceptions) whose local 7-digit string began with a number other than 9, starting with 3xx-xxxx: The United Kingdom adopts an open dialling plan for area codes within its public switched telephone network. Therefore, all area codes have a preceding "0" when dialling from within the United Kingdom. When dialling a UK number from abroad, the zero must be omitted. Because of this, it has become common (but incorrect) practice to write telephone numbers used both nationally and internationally with the 0 in parentheses, for example: +44 (0)20 7946 0234; if the number is dialled with the parenthesised zero, the call will Document [6](Title: Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom) directly after the initial zero as a part of PhONEday in 1995. The number of places using these two formats has declined rapidly in recent decades and Brampton is the last place in the UK with four-digit local numbers. The above twelve area codes and their six 'parent' area codes (01387, 01524, 01539, 01697, 01768 and 01946) are known as 'Mixed' areas due to multiple area codes sharing the same SABC digits (i.e. the initial zero and the following four digits). These ranges have subscriber numbers beginning with the digits "0" or "1", e.g.: Currently, these numbers are mostly used Document [7](Title: History of telephone numbers in the United Kingdom) 10 digits. These are detailed as extra entries within the Big Number Change section above. Some years earlier, 092x to 099x had been designated "broadband services". With changes in technology, this allocation had never been used. It was removed from the plan in 2005. With calls for premium rate adult services to be more clearly defined and separated from other premium rate services, the 0908 and 0909 codes were to be no longer issued for new services. Instead, the new 098x range would be used, initially 0982 but latterly also 0983, 0984 and 0989. Some companies had attempted to avoid Question: when did australia change to 8 digit phone numbers Answer:
between 1994 and 1998
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: The Leftovers (TV series)) Season Episodes Originally aired First aired Last aired 10 June 29 , 2014 ( 2014 - 06 - 29 ) September 7 , 2014 ( 2014 - 09 - 07 ) 10 October 4 , 2015 ( 2015 - 10 - 04 ) December 6 , 2015 ( 2015 - 12 - 06 ) 8 April 16 , 2017 ( 2017 - 04 - 16 ) June 4 , 2017 ( 2017 - 06 - 04 ) Document [1](Title: List of Attack on Titan episodes) Season Episodes Originally aired First aired Last aired 25 April 7 , 2013 ( 2013 - 04 - 07 ) September 29 , 2013 ( 2013 - 09 - 29 ) 12 April 1 , 2017 ( 2017 - 04 - 01 ) June 17 , 2017 ( 2017 - 06 - 17 ) 12 July 23 , 2018 ( 2018 - 07 - 23 ) TBA Document [2](Title: List of Wynonna Earp episodes) Season Episodes Originally aired First aired Last aired 13 April 1 , 2016 ( 2016 - 04 - 01 ) June 24 , 2016 ( 2016 - 06 - 24 ) 12 June 9 , 2017 ( 2017 - 06 - 09 ) August 25 , 2017 ( 2017 - 08 - 25 ) Document [3](Title: BoJack Horseman) Season Episodes Originally released 12 August 22 , 2014 Special December 19 , 2014 12 July 17 , 2015 12 July 22 , 2016 12 September 8 , 2017 Document [4](Title: Top Model Sverige (season 2)) - 10 Sibel Kara - 10 Sophie Angner - 9 Victoria Eriksson - 10 "(ages stated are at start of contest)" "Original Air Date: January 31, 2012" "Original Air Date: January 31, 2012" "Original Air Date: February 7, 2012" "Original Air Date: February 14, 2012" "Original Air Date: February 28, 2012" "Original Air Date: February 28, 2012" "Original Air Date: March 13, 2012" "Original Air Date: March 20, 2012" "Original Air Date: March 27, 2012" "Original Air Date: April 3, 2012" This episode was the recap episode, where highlights and never before seen scenes were shown. "Original Air Date: April Document [5](Title: Sola (manga)) between April 7, 2007 and June 30, 2007, containing thirteen episodes, though aired on other networks at the same time with slightly different start and end dates. The series was released in five DVD compilation volumes in limited and regular editions,each containing three episodes. The first DVD volume was released on June 22, 2007, followed by the second on July 27, 2007, and the third on August 24, 2007. Two additional episodes were made available exclusively on DVD volumes four and five; the first was released on September 25, 2007, and the second was on October 26, 2007. A poll Document [6](Title: Alice Isn't Dead) last episode of the first season, is voiced by Jasika Nicole. During its run, the podcast typically airs on every other Tuesday. The first season ended on July 12, 2016, with a second season premiering on April 4, 2017 which concluded on August 8th, 2017. Fink has stated that the third season would be the final season, and it began airing on April 24, 2018. On August 16, 2017, it was announced that a novel based on the series, written by Fink, will be released in autumn 2018 by Harper Perennial. Additionally, a television adaptation, executive produced by Fink, is Document [7](Title: List of Attack on Titan episodes) On June 17 , 2017 , a third season was announced at the close of the second season 's final episode , with a release date slated for 2018 . Question: how many episodes in the final season of the leftovers Answer:
8
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Jack Link's Beef Jerky) In addition to their original facility in Minong , Wisconsin , the company also has facilities across the Midwest such as in New Glarus , Wisconsin ; Alpena , South Dakota ; Mankato , Minnesota ; Laurens , Iowa ; and Bellevue , Nebraska ; and its marketing office in Minneapolis . Document [1](Title: J. S. Halpine Tobacco Warehouse) region. It was built for J.S. Halpine, agent for Rossin & Sons, a tobacco firm that was at the time one of the region's largest employers. The property was used for tobacco sorting and curing until that business collapsed in the late 1930s. During this period the Housatonic valley produced cigar wrapping leaves for major domestic cigar manufacturers. This warehouse is one of the few buildings left in New Milford that is associated with that business and time period, and is the region's largest surviving tobacco warehouse. J. S. Halpine Tobacco Warehouse The J. S. Halpine Tobacco Warehouse is a Document [2](Title: Mettawa, Illinois) North American headquarters in Mettawa in 2008. Although no longer corporate headquarters, the building remains partially occupied by HSBC. This building achieved LEED Gold Certification and in March 2009 was named Green Development of the Year by the National Association of Industrial and Office Properties (NAIOP). The W. W. Grainger company's headquarters is located on unincorporated land enclosed within Mettawa's borders. In 2008 this building was updated to achieve its 2009 Gold LEED certification. Grainger purchased of land in Mettawa (1993–1998), then disconnected from the village to become part of unincorporated Lake County. In 1996 (jobs), all of this land Document [3](Title: Pamlab) Pamlab "Alfasigma USA, Inc. (formerly 'Pamlab')" is an American medical food company, and a division of Alfasigma Group, of Bologna Italy. Alfasigma USA, Inc (formerly Pamlab, LLC) US base of operations is located in Covington, Louisiana. The company has been in the pharmaceutical industry since 1957, initially introducing numerous prescription cough/cold products to prescribing physicians in Louisiana. In 1987, Pamlab was purchased by Samuel and Judith Camp. Alfasigma USA, Inc. produces medical foods for people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy, early memory loss/Alzheimer's, high-risk pregnancy, depression, and other medical conditions. Their products are sold and marketed in the United States, though Document [4](Title: Mincom (company)) software business, Ventyx. The company's name was originally devised as a contraction of the term "mining computing", as the company's initial products were aimed at the mining industry. Mincom's headquarters were located in Brisbane, Queensland as well as with offices presence in Sydney, New South Wales, Melbourne, Victoria, Perth, Western Australia. North American operations are located in the United States (Denver, Colorado, San Francisco, California and Austin, Texas) and in Canada (Ottawa, Ontario). Latin American offices are in Santiago, Chile. MineMarket is a software application produced by Mincom Limited for the mining industry. The application is claimed to provide a Document [5](Title: Monogram Foods) 600 in 2017. In 2015, improvements to warehousing and logistics capabilities were carried out in partnership with multiple local organizations, including The Virginia Economic Development Partnership, Martinsville-Henry County Economic Development Corporation, The Governor’s Opportunity Fund, and The Virginia Tobacco Indemnification and Community Revitalization Commission. The facility named Monogram Appetizers after its purchase in 2015 is located in Plover, Wisconsin and has grown from 550 to 650 employees in 2017. It has received over 15 million dollars in capital improvements, primarily to improve automation. Monogram Foods produces a variety of products such as beef jerky, corn dogs, pre-cooked bacon, frozen appetizers, Document [6](Title: Brown and Sharpe Manufacturing Company Complex) 2016, the A. T. Cross Company, maker of writing instruments and pens, moved its headquarters from Lincoln, Rhode Island to 299 Promenade Street at The Foundry. Brown and Sharpe Manufacturing Company Complex The Brown & Sharpe Manufacturing Company Complex (also known as Darling, Brown & Sharpe; Capital Industrial Center; The Foundry) is a historic factory complex in Providence, Rhode Island along the Woonasquatucket River. The complex occupies most of a large city block bounded on the south by Promenade Street, the west by Bath and Calverly Streets, the north by West Park Street, and the east by Interstate 95. The Document [7](Title: Salt Lake City) grocer Kroger), MonaVie, Myriad Genetics, Creminelli Fine Meats and Vehix.com. Notable firms based in nearby cities within the metropolitan area include Arctic Circle Restaurants, FranklinCovey, and Overstock.com. Metropolitan Salt Lake was also once the headquarters of American Stores, the Skaggs Companies, and ZCMI, one of the first department stores; it is owned by Macy's, Inc. Former ZCMI stores now operate under the Macy's label. High-tech firms with a large presence in the suburbs include Adobe, ColcaSac, eBay, Unisys, Siebel, Micron, L-3 Communications, Telarus, and 3M. Goldman Sachs has its second biggest presence in Salt Lake City. Other economic activities include Question: where is jack link's beef jerky made Answer:
New Glarus , Wisconsin
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Honda Civic (first generation)) The first generation Honda Civic is an automobile which was produced by Honda in Japan from July 1972 to 1979 . Document [1](Title: Honda Legend) launched on October 7, 2004 and became Japan's Car of the Year for 2004–2005, marking the fourth time in five years that Honda has taken the award. Its reduced dimensions over the third generation model seem to suggest a return to what made the Legend so popular with the first generation, being a top level sedan that offered something different from its competitors. The 2011 model marks the 25 year anniversary of Honda Legend production. In an attempt to address market driven requests that the Legend needed to be a rear drive sedan with a V8 engine, Honda introduced four Document [2](Title: Honda) Honda Honda has been the world's largest motorcycle manufacturer since 1959, as well as the world's largest manufacturer of internal combustion engines measured by volume, producing more than 14 million internal combustion engines each year. Honda became the second-largest Japanese automobile manufacturer in 2001. Honda was the eighth largest automobile manufacturer in the world behind Toyota, Volkswagen Group, Hyundai Motor Group, General Motors, Ford, Nissan, and Fiat Chrysler Automobiles in 2015. Honda was the first Japanese automobile manufacturer to release a dedicated luxury brand, Acura, in 1986. Aside from their core automobile and motorcycle businesses, Honda also manufactures garden equipment, Document [3](Title: Honda Civic) rest of the world received three and five-door hatchbacks. The Type R was redesigned as well this time using a more powerful i-VTEC motor and using the three-door hatchback body style. This generation saw Honda introduce their first Civic Hybrid, powered by a 1.3-liter engine. The eighth generation was released in September 2005, for the 2006 model year. For the eighth generation, Honda split the model into two different platforms, one for sedan and coupe, and one for a hatchback designed primarily for the European market using a simpler rear suspension from the Honda Fit and more aggressive styling. As Document [4](Title: Honda Accord (North America eighth generation)) Honda Accord (North America eighth generation) The North American eighth generation Honda Accord is a mid-size car introduced for the 2008 model year. It is also marketed in parts of Asia and as the Honda Inspire in Japan. The size of the 2008 Accord has been increased by in length and in width. As a result, the interior space is also enlarged: an Accord sedan is considered a nearly executive car by EPA standards, having a combined interior space of . The Accord coupe is classified as a mid-size car, as it has a combined interior space of . A Document [5](Title: Honda Today) Honda Today This Honda Today was a "kei car" (minivehicle) produced by the Japanese automaker Honda beginning in 1985. It was replaced by the Honda Life in 1998. Honda's smallest car being produced at the time was the Honda City, which was a supermini and it had an engine larger than "kei" car legislation allowed. The Today represented a re-entry into "kei" car production. Honda had abandoned "kei" passenger cars in 1975, choosing to manufacture the Honda Acty kei truck, and the Honda Street microvan for that segment. Previously, Honda's smallest car was the Honda Civic, followed by the smaller Document [6](Title: Honda Civic Type R) The Honda Civic Mugen RR Advanced Concept was debuted at the 2009 Tokyo Auto Salon, based on the face-lifted FD2. It has a weight of . Brake disc size was increased to diameter ( in Type R/RR). A race version called Honda Civic Mugen RC was also been produced, designed for the 2008 Honda Exciting Cup Civic One-Make Race-Civic Series. The engine is the stock K20A engine from FD2 Honda Civic Type R. It came in the following models: The Civic Mugen RC was built in Mugen's M-TEC factory. The European market Civic Type R is offered only as a Document [7](Title: Honda Civic Hybrid) hybrid is estimated to be 40 percent more fuel efficient than its non-hybrid counterpart. There was a minor refresh of the design between the 2003 and 2004 model years which affected the front and rear bumper covers, hood and head lights. On the interior, a small center console replaced the driver's arm rest and the rear seats got adjustable head rests. The second generation Civic Hybrid is based on the eighth generation Civic. As with other Civics, there are some styling differences to the exterior between the North American and the Japanese market models. The powertrain of the second generation Question: when did the honda civic first come out Answer:
July 1972
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Fred Carl, Jr.) When seeking a location for Viking 's corporate headquarters in Greenwood in 1986 , Carl decided to lease space in abandoned downtown buildings , not only due to the highly attractive price of these underutilized buildings , but also to try and rejuvenate the central business district of his beloved hometown . Over the ensuing fifteen years , Viking acquired and restored over twenty buildings in the downtown Greenwood historic district . In 2001 , Viking acquired the abandoned Hotel Irving , which was originally constructed in 1917 , to accommodate the increasing numbers of dealers and distributors who were coming to Viking for training and new product introductions . After an extensive restoration spanning two years , Viking reopened the hotel as The Alluvian Hotel and Spa on May 1 , 2003 , having transformed the derelict , abandoned , downtown eyesore into a fifty - room luxury boutique hotel . Soon thereafter , Viking also established the Viking Cooking School across the street from The Alluvian . Document [1](Title: Fred Carl Jr.) been unable to make the transition from chairman, president and CEO of his own company to answering to the corporate office of a public corporation. The same day Carl announced his resignation, Middleby announced a significant layoff of Viking employees. Carl is no longer affiliated with Viking in any way. When seeking a location for Viking's corporate headquarters in Greenwood in 1986, Carl decided to lease space in abandoned downtown buildings, not only due to the highly attractive price of these underutilized buildings, but also to try and rejuvenate the central business district of his beloved hometown. Over the ensuing Document [2](Title: Viking Beer) Viking hf. in 1994. In early 2001, the brewery merged with Vífilfell hf. thus creating the largest company in Iceland in the beverage industry. Viking Beer is currently the most sold beer in Iceland with over 30% of the market share in 2013. Viking mainly produces lager beers. The most popular ones are: In addition to the above, the brewery also makes seasonal beers for Christmas, Easter and Summer, as well as some all year round special beers such as Stout and Organic Pils. Viking Beer Viking Beer is an Icelandic brand, brewed by Vifilfell hf. The brewery is located Document [3](Title: Jægersborg Allé) stables for the king's hunting dogs and from the 1790s as army barracks. Schæffergården (No. 166) is a Rococo-style mansion from 1756. It has later been expanded and is now operated as a hotel and conference centre. The house "Ibstrup" at No. 170 A has nothing to do with the much older and long gone predecessor of Jægersborg Castle. The L-shaped main building is from 1867 and listed. Alléhusene (No. 185-229), a development of terraced housing, was built in 148–53 to design by Arne Jacobsen. Chr. Olesen & Co., a manufacturer and distributor of ingredients for the animal feed, food Document [4](Title: Store Torv) use for the square was markets. After the Danish king established rules for when and how markets could be held, it became one of the largest in the town. The market was primarily for vegetables, fruit, horses and cattle. Store Torv was also used for official celebrations such as the king's birthday or New Year's Eve. Store Torv is dominated by Aarhus Cathedral from around 1300. The Hotel Royal from 1838 is one of the oldest and most storied hotels in the town. The pharmacy "Løveapoteket" has been situated at its present location since 1710. Store Torv was previously home Document [5](Title: Knattspyrnufélagið Víkingur) won its first Championship title. The second Championship title came in 1924. During the first 40 years of Vikingur's history, the club did not to have any actual club facilities. Vikingur's first residence was a former "Iglo officers club" in Camp Tripoli at Suðurgata which the club took on lease in the years between 1946–50 by promises of being given an area of land south of University of Iceland at Vatnsmýri. The residence at Camp Tripoli proved to be a true lever for the club for a period of time, since in Víkingur's first decades, meetings were held in various Document [6](Title: Kokkedal Slot Copenhagen) larger, two-story building which was completed in 1866 to design by Christian Vilhelm Nielsen. The new complex also comprised stables and other farm buildings. In 1963, Hørsholm Municipality acquired the estate from Peter Møller Christensen, founder of Fahls Varehus in Copenhagen. In 1993, Hørsholm Municipality sold the property to a private investor on condition that it be converted into a hotel and restaurant. The plans were not realized and the house fell into despair. In 2003, a lawsuit returned the property to Hørsholm Municipality. Keops Development acquired the estate in 2005 but sold it again to the consturciton company Kjær Document [7](Title: Viking FK) club played at Stavanger Stadion, which had a capacity of 17,555. Stavanger Stadion had been the club's stadium since the club was founded in 1899. The first season with Viking Stadion saw the average attendance increase from 6,712 in 2003 to 12,450 in 2004. The average attendance numbers have been around 10,000 since the stadium was inaugurated. The lowest average attendance came in 2017, when Viking finished in 16th place and were relegated from Eliteserien. In 2007, Viking had an average attendance of 15,842, which is the highest in Viking's history. The official supporter club of Viking, is "Vikinghordene" (the Question: who owns the alluvian hotel in greenwood ms Answer:
Viking
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: First Epistle of John) The First Epistle of John , often referred to as First John and written 1 John or I John , is the first of the Johannine epistles of the New Testament , and the fourth of the catholic epistles . It is attributed to John the Evangelist , traditionally thought to be the author of the Gospel of John and the other two Johannine epistles . This epistle was probably written in Ephesus in AD 95 -- 110 . The work was written to counter docetism , which is the belief that Jesus did not come '' in the flesh '' , but only as a spirit . It also defined how Christians are to discern true teachers : by their ethics , their proclamation of Jesus in the flesh , and by their love . Document [1](Title: Historiography of early Christianity) together with Acts (see Luke-Acts) was c. 85–90, considered the most literate and artistic of the gospels. Finally, the Gospel of John was written, portraying Jesus as the incarnation of the divine Word, who primarily taught about himself as a savior. All four gospels originally circulated anonymously, and they were attributed to Mark, Matthew, Luke, and John in the 2nd century. Various authors wrote further epistles and the Apocalypse of John. In the one-hundred-year period extending roughly from AD 50 to 150 a number of documents began to circulate among the churches. Also included were epistles, gospels, acts, apocalypses, homilies, Document [2](Title: John the Apostle) from the Synoptic Gospels, which were likely written decades earlier. The bishops of Asia Minor supposedly requested him to write his gospel to deal with the heresy of the Ebionites, who asserted that Christ did not exist before Mary. John probably knew and undoubtedly approved of the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke, but these gospels spoke of Jesus primarily in the year following the imprisonment and death of John the Baptist. Around 600, however, Sophronius of Jerusalem noted that “two epistles bearing his name ... are considered by some to be the work of a certain John the Elder” Document [3](Title: Disciple whom Jesus loved) Disciple whom Jesus loved The phrase "the disciple whom Jesus loved" (, "ho mathētēs hon ēgapā ho Iēsous") or, in , the disciple beloved of Jesus (, "hon ephilei ho Iēsous") is used six times in the Gospel of John, but in no other New Testament accounts of Jesus. John 21:24 states that the Gospel of John is based on the written testimony of this disciple. Since the end of the first century, the Beloved Disciple has been commonly identified with John the Evangelist. Scholars have debated the authorship of Johannine literature (the Gospel of John, First, Second, and Third Document [4](Title: Historical Jesus) John to be historical, an event that early Christians would not have included in their gospels in the absence of a "firm report." Like Jesus, John and his execution are mentioned by Josephus. John the Baptist's prominence in both the gospels and Josephus suggests that he may have been more popular than Jesus in his lifetime; also, Jesus' mission does not begin until after his baptism by John. Scholars posit that Jesus may have been a direct follower in John the Baptist's movement. Prominent Historical Jesus scholar John Dominic Crossan suggests that John the Baptist may have been killed for Document [5](Title: New Testament) the individuals whose names are attached. He further argues that the Gospels were originally anonymous, and names were not ascribed to them until around 185 AD. Other scholars concur. It is the perspective of some writers that none were written in Palestine. There is a tradition that the Apostle John was the author of the Gospel of John. Traditionalists (such as biblical commentators Albert Barnes and Matthew Henry) seem to support the idea that the writer of the Gospel of John himself claimed to be an eyewitness in their commentaries of John 21:24 and therefore the gospel was written by Document [6](Title: Papyrus 106) reverse of the leaf), this indicates that the manuscript was either a single codex of John, or had John at the beginning of a collection. The text is a representative of the Alexandrian text-type (rather proto-Alexandrian), bearing familiarity to formula_1, formula_1, Codex Sinaiticus (א), and Vaticanus (B). John 1:30: John 1:31 John 1:32 (1) John 1:32 (2) John 1:32 (3) John 1:32 (4) John 1:34 John 1:41 John 1:42 (1) John 1:42 (2) John 1:42 (3) John 1:42 (4) John 1:42 (5) John 1:42 (6) John 1:43 (1) John 1:43 (2) John 1:43 (3) John 1:43 (4) John 1:43 (5) Document [7](Title: John 5) not found in the most reliable manuscripts of John, although they appear in the King James Version of the Bible (which is based on the Textus Receptus). Most modern textual critics believe that John 5:3b-4 is an interpolation, and not an original part of the text of John. The New English Translation and the English Revised Version omit this text completely, but others such as the New International Version refer to it in a note. The Jews begin to persecute Jesus (and in some texts, the gospel says that they seek to kill him). Anglican clergyman Charles Ellicott argued that Question: who wrote first and second john in the bible Answer:
John the Evangelist
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: List of Adventures in Odyssey characters) John Avery Whittaker , voiced by Hal Smith ( 1987 -- 1994 ) , Paul Herlinger ( 1996 -- 2008 ) , and Andre Stojka ( 2009 - ) , often known as '' Whit , '' is the main fictional character of Adventures in Odyssey and the namesake of Odyssey 's most famous attraction , Whit 's End . He is viewed as a spiritual Christian leader to the children , and adults also , in Odyssey . He was originally voiced by Hal Smith , but after Smith 's death in 1994 , the character of Whit left Odyssey to lead an archaeological mission in Israel for the Universal Press Foundation . Whit returned to Odyssey in 1996 ; he had been voiced by Paul Herlinger until 2008 . Andre Stojka took the role following Herlinger 's retirement . This is the second character voiced by Stojka that was previously voiced by Hal Smith ( the first being Owl from Disney 's Winnie the Pooh franchise , with Stojka having voiced the character from 1997 to 2006 ) . Document [1](Title: Hal Smith (actor)) and he continued recording episodes until a few weeks before his death, even while his health deteriorated. In a Andy Griffith Fan Interview, published after he died, he said that Adventures in Odyssey was one of the most gratifying things he'd done in his life. Additionally, he voiced dozens of other characters during the 253 episodes in which he participated. He was later replaced by Paul Herlinger and then Andre Stojka as John Avery Whittaker, after his death. Andre also went on to take over the voice of Owl on Winnie the Pooh. Hal voiced Joe McGee in "The Old Document [2](Title: Chris Anthony (voice actress)) and eventually landed the role. Chris Anthony Lansdowne has been the host of "Adventures in Odyssey" since it was started in 1987, and has also played several characters in the series. She was in the "Adventures in Odyssey" video series for "A Flight to the Finish" and "Star Quest". Other radio drama work includes the role of in the children's radio drama "" and Marsha in "Paws & Tales". Chris Anthony (voice actress) Chris Anthony Lansdowne, born Christine D'Antonio, is an American voice actress best known as host of Focus on the Family's "Adventures in Odyssey". As host of AIO Document [3](Title: Wishbone and the Amazing Odyssey) Wishbone and the Amazing Odyssey Wishbone and The Amazing Odyssey is a computer program published by Palladium Interactive and Big Feats Entertainment in 1996 featuring the Jack Russell Terrier (voiced by Larry Brantley) from the "Wishbone" television series on PBS. Players try to help Wishbone get out of the combobulator while learning Greek mythology and history. Wishbone has been zapped inside the combobulator and the only way out is to re-enact Homer's "Odyssey". The game begins in Troy, where the player picks up the crew roster and some wine. The game then passes through the cave of Polyphemus, Aeaea and Document [4](Title: Re-Animator (film series)) Herbert West. A film by the name of "Antihuman" was set to release in early 2017 before being rebranded into the Re-Animator franchise as "Re-Animator: Evolution" with Johnathan Schaech in the lead role as Dr. Herbert West. The title was then changed to "Herbert West: Re-Animator" with a release date of December 15, 2018, and Schaech no longer on the cast list. It was described as "much darker, more thought provoking, and more so grounded in science than the original film" and will keep in tune with the original Lovecraft story. No news has been released since late 2016 though. Document [5](Title: Will Ryan) in many other Pooh cartoons. He also provided the voice of Barnaby the Dog on the popular series "Dumbo's Circus". In 1987, Ryan became a fixture of the radio drama "Adventures in Odyssey", as Eugene Meltsner, Harlow Doyle, David Harley, Patrick O'Ryan and over 100 individual characters. He voiced Rabbit in "Winnie the Pooh and a Day for Eeyore", Digit in "An American Tail", Petrie in "The Land Before Time", and Willie the Giant in "Mickey's Christmas Carol". He continues to do voice work. In 2009, he was working on the third season of "Mickey Mouse Clubhouse", the 21st season Document [6](Title: Troy: Fall of a City) Troy" (2006), and Alice Oswald's "Memorial" (2011) omit them entirely. The gods play an active role in the show for the first half of the series, but they recede into the background halfway through after Zeus orders them to stop intervening in the war. Zeus does give this command in the original "Iliad", but it is almost immediately violated and eventually repealed entirely. The most controversial change was the showrunners' decision to cast David Gyasi, a black actor, as Achilles and Hakeem Kae-Kazim, another black actor, as Zeus. These decisions resulted in almost immediate backlash as both roles are traditionally Document [7](Title: Paul Winchell) in 1999 (though some of Winchell's vocals from previous Pooh animations were included). Other Disney roles included parts in "The Aristocats" as a Siamese cat named Shun Gon, and "The Fox and the Hound" as Boomer the woodpecker. He was also the original voice of Zummi Gummi on the TV series "Disney's Adventures of the Gummi Bears" for seasons 1–5; Jim Cummings took over for the final season in 1990. Winchell provided the voices of Sam-I-Am and the unnamed character Sam pesters in "Green Eggs and Ham" from the animated television special "Dr. Seuss on the Loose" in 1973. He Question: who plays mr whittaker in adventures in odyssey Answer:
Andre Stojka
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Nelson Mandela) Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela ( / mænˈdɛlə / ; 18 July 1918 -- 5 December 2013 ) was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary , political leader , and philanthropist , who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999 . He was the country 's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election . His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid by tackling institutionalised racism and fostering racial reconciliation . Ideologically an African nationalist and socialist , he served as President of the African National Congress ( ANC ) party from 1991 to 1997 . Document [1](Title: Union Buildings) the inauguration of Nelson Mandela, South Africa's first democratically elected president after the end of Apartheid, and his vice-presidents, heralded the beginning of a new era in South Africa's history. Part of Nelson Mandela's inaugural address: "Today, all of us do, by our presence here, and by our celebrations in other parts of our country and the world, confer glory and hope to newborn liberty. Out of the experience of an extraordinary human disaster that lasted too long, must be born a society of which all humanity will be proud. Our daily deeds as ordinary South Africans must produce an Document [2](Title: Lindiwe Mabuza) government. Her efforts, with the help of other organizations and American colleges across America, led to Coca-Cola and many other such corporations withdrawing their investments from South Africa. Later, after the political prisoners from Robben Island were released, including Nelson Mandela, Mabuza was key in organising Mandela's first visit to America after his release. Although Lindiwe Mabuza had spent many years in political exile, she was nominated into the first democratic parliament of South Africa serving under president Mandela. Her passion was still diplomacy and her party, now the new ANC government, knew this. She was then appointed as South Document [3](Title: South African Americans) During the 1980s and 1990s, many South Africans entered the US for political reasons, to be with family members, or to access professional opportunities not available in their home country. The largest wave of South African emigration was in 1994, after the election of Nelson Mandela as the President of South Africa. Many White South Africans, especially Afrikaners, emigrated out of fear for their safety after the acquisition of political power by the black population. The end of the apartheid system brought significant waves of South Africans, most of British descent with a significant number of Portuguese heritage. According to Document [4](Title: Harry Schwarz) activists Nelson Mandela and Joe Slovo. He joined the United Party and assisted in the 1948 election. However, as a result of the National Party victory, he was determined to become more active and was elected Chairman of the United Party branch at the university. He argued that the National Party's victory in 1948 was reversible and anyone who opposed them should concentrate on defeating them. In an interview in 1991, Schwarz said on the National Party victory that "To me, they were the people who had supported Germany during the war. As a young man, it was very objectionable Document [5](Title: Mary Benson (campaigner)) the first white man to be jailed for resisting South Africa's racial laws), becoming his secretary in 1950. With Scott, Benson helped to found the African Bureau. In 1957, Benson was appointed secretary to the Treason Trial Defence Fund. In 1961, Benson took on another secretarial role, moving to Natal to assist Chief Albert Lutuli when he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Through all this work, Benson became familiar with the African National Congress (ANC). She assisted Nelson Mandela's escape from South Africa in 1962, and interviewed several prominent figures in the ANC, including Walter Sisulu and James Calata. Document [6](Title: Internal resistance to apartheid) and was elected first vice-president and later president of FSAW in 1959. Many of these leaders served long prison sentences. Internal resistance to apartheid Internal resistance to "apartheid" in South Africa originated from several independent sectors of South African society and alternatively took the form of social movements, passive resistance, or guerrilla warfare. Mass action against the ruling National Party government, coupled with South Africa's growing international isolation and economic sanctions, were instrumental factors in ending racial segregation and discrimination. Both black and white South African activists such as Steve Biko, Desmond Tutu, Nelson Mandela, Harry Schwarz, and Joe Slovo Document [7](Title: Presidency of Thabo Mbeki) said the following: Presidency of Thabo Mbeki The Presidency of Thabo Mbeki began on 14 June 1999, when Thabo Mbeki became then second President of South Africa. Mbeki an African National Congress (ANC) member who had previously been the Deputy President of South Africa defeated Democratic Alliance (DA) presidentian, Tony Leon in the South African general election, 1999. Mbeki's running mate Jacob Zuma became the Deputy President that same day. Mbeki's Inauguration was held on 6 June 1999, at the Union Buildings in Pretoria. Mbeki was sworn in as president by Chief Justice of South Africa, Arthur Chasckalon. During his Question: who become the first president of south africa in 1994 Answer:
Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Zeiss projector) The first Zeiss Mark I projector ( the first planetarium projector in the world ) was installed in the Deutsches Museum in Munich in August , 1923 . It possessed a distinctive appearance , with a single sphere of projection lenses supported above a large , angled '' planet cage '' . Marks II through VI were similar in appearance , using two spheres of star projectors separated along a central axis that contained projectors for the planets . Beginning with Mark VII , the central axis was eliminated and the two spheres were merged into a single , egg - shaped projection unit . Document [1](Title: Rose Center for Earth and Space) wonderful things which are daily occurring in the universe." Joseph M. Chamberlain, hired as an assistant curator in 1952, became Chairman of the Planetarium in 1956. In 1960, a Zeiss Mark IV projector was installed, followed by a Zeiss Mark VI projector and new seats in 1993. In January 1997, the original Hayden Planetarium was closed and demolished. In August 1999, a new, customized Zeiss Mark IX projector was installed, accompanied by a digital dome projection system that provides a 3-D visualization of the universe based on images generated in real time by a Silicon Graphics supercomputer. On February 19, Document [2](Title: Planetarium) much else, from removable cylinders (Viewlex and others followed with their own portable versions). When Germany reunified in 1989, the two Zeiss firms did likewise, and expanded their offerings to cover many different size domes. In 1983, Evans & Sutherland installed the first planetarium projector displaying computer graphics (Hansen Planetarium, Salt Lake City, Utah)—the Digistar I projector used a vector graphics system to display starfields as well as line art. The newest generation of planetaria offer a fully digital projection system, using fulldome video technology. This gives the operator great flexibility in showing not only the modern night sky as Document [3](Title: Hamburg Planetarium) the City of Hamburg in 1925, became the planetarium's centerpiece. Subsequent Zeiss projectors were a Mark IV in 1957, a Mark VI in 1983 and a Universarium IX since 2006. In 2011 Planetarium Hamburg became one of the first ESO Outreach Partner Organisations (EOPO) of the European Southern Observatory (ESO). The same year, Planetarium Hamburg became the first planetarium in Europe to use fulldome 3D-Stereoscopic technology. With the start of reconstruction from 3 August 2015, the Planetarium is closed until the end of 2016. The core of the work is the development of the entrance from the outside pedestal on Document [4](Title: Meniscus corrector) idea of replacing the complicated Schmidt corrector plate with a simpler meniscus lens, including Albert Bouwers, Dmitri Dmitrievich Maksutov, K. Penning, and Dennis Gabor. All of these designs used full aperture correctors (a "meniscus corrector shell") to create a wide-field telescope with little or no coma or astigmatism. Albert Bouwers built a prototype meniscus telescope in August 1940 and patented it in February 1941. His design had the mirror and meniscus lens with surfaces that had a common centre of curvature, called a ""concentric"" or ""monocentric"" telescope. The design had an ultrawide field of view but did not correct chromatic Document [5](Title: Carl Zeiss) of 901 Taler. Zeiss initially worked alone constructing and repairing many types of physical and chemical apparatus. Loupes cut from mirror blanks were particularly in demand. Eyeglasses, telescopes, microscopes, drawing instruments, thermometers, barometers, balances, glassblowing accessories and other apparatus purchased from foreign suppliers were also sold in a small shop. In 1847 he began to make simple microscopes which almost immediately met with especially good commercial success. Compared to his competition Vincent Chevalier of Paris, Simon Plössl of Vienna or his mentor Körner, they proved to be not only cheaper, but better. Zeiss microscopes could be focused by moving the Document [6](Title: Carl Zeiss AG) joined Zeiss and along with Otto Schott designed greatly improved lenses for the optical instruments they were producing. After Carl Zeiss's death in 1888, the business was incorporated as the Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung in 1889. By World War I, Zeiss was the world's largest location of camera production. Zeiss Ikon represented a significant part of the production along with dozens of other brands and factories, and also had major works at Dresden. In 1928 Hensoldt AG was acquired by Carl Zeiss and has produced the Zeiss binoculars and riflescopes since 1964, occasionally resulting in twin products being offered under both the Hensoldt Document [7](Title: Richard Schorr) measuring the plates Schorr and the Danish astronomer Holger Thiele used them too for searching and position determination of comets and asteroids. They discovered 30 new asteroids and one new comet, D/1918 W1 (Schorr), during this time. Under Schorr's directorship the optician Bernhard Schmidt got rooms and time to experiment with new optical assemblies. Schmidt constructed several new telescope constructions for the observatory. In 1930 Schmidt invented the Schmidt camera, a telescope with a very wide field of view and free from image elongations in the plate edges far from the optical axis. Schorr urged Schmidt to build the first Question: in which city was the world's first planetarium projector installed in 1923 Answer:
Munich
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Great Famine (Ireland)) The Great Famine ( Irish : an Gorta Mór , ( anɣ ˈgɔɾɣt̪ɣa mɣoːɾɣ ) ) or the Great Hunger was a period of mass starvation , disease , and emigration in Ireland between 1845 and 1849 . It is sometimes referred to , mostly outside Ireland , as the Irish Potato Famine , because about two - fifths of the population was solely reliant on this cheap crop for a number of historical reasons . During the famine , about one million people died and a million more emigrated from Ireland , causing the island 's population to fall by between 20 % and 25 % . Document [1](Title: Poor relief) the next decade they began phasing out outdoor relief and pushing the paupers towards indoor relief. The differences between the two was that outdoor relief was a monetary contribution to the needy, whereas indoor relief meant the individual was sent to one of the workhouses. Following the reformation of the Poor Laws in 1834, Ireland experienced a severe potato blight that lasted from 1845–1849 and killed an estimated 1.5 million people. The effects of the famine lasted until 1851. During this period the people of Ireland lost much land and many jobs, and appealed to the Westminster Parliament for aid. Document [2](Title: Great Famine (Ireland)) was responsible for a significant increase in emigration from Ireland, of anywhere from 45% to nearly 85% depending on the year and the county, it was not the sole cause. The beginning of mass emigration from Ireland can be traced to the mid-18th century, when some 250,000 people left Ireland over a period of 50 years to settle in the New World. Irish economist Cormac Ó Gráda estimates that between 1 million and 1.5 million people emigrated during the 30 years between 1815 (when Napoleon was defeated in Waterloo) and 1845 (when the Great Famine began). However, during the worst Document [3](Title: Poverty in India) millions of Indians from starvation, disease and destitution. Destitution was so intense in Bengal, Bihar, eastern Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand and Orissa, that entire families and villages were "wiped out" of existence. Village artisans, along with sustenance farming families, died from lack of food, malnutrition and a wave of diseases. The 1943 famine was not an isolated tragedy. Devastating famines impoverished India every 5 to 8 years in late 19th century and the first half of 20th century. Between 6.1 and 10.3 million people starved to death in British India during the 1876-1879 famine, while another 6.1 to 8.4 million people Document [4](Title: Economic history of Ireland) the Jacob's biscuit factory in Dublin. For much of the period, the Irish economy provided cheap raw materials such as timber, beef, vegetables and marble to the far more industrialised British economy. Ireland underwent major highs and lows economically during the 19th century: from economic booms during the Napoleonic Wars and in the late 20th century (when it experienced a surge in economic growth unmatched until the 'Celtic Tiger' boom of the 1990s), to severe economic downturns and a series of famines, the latest threatening in 1879. The worst of these was the Great Famine of 1846–1848, in which about Document [5](Title: Green famine) Green famine Green famine is the term used for a condition in which a country or area is suffering famine even though the fields are green in the absence of drought—it was described as "suffering amongst the plenty". The famine is caused by such problems as "high food prices, coupled with high birth rates and poor land management", flooding, and sometimes man-made ecological problems such as water shortages and deforestation. It is sometimes caused by a poor harvest in the prior year that causes a depletion of food stores during the winter months, thus a lack of food in the Document [6](Title: Highland Clearances) started in 1846, a year after potato blight had first struck Ireland. The knowledge of the Irish catastrophe helped mobilise a response to the Highland crisis, with government action, the establishment of a large charitable fund and much more responsible landlord behaviour than seen in Ireland. The richer landlords, such as the Duke of Sutherland, were able to fund their own famine relief for their tenants. Some, already overstretched by large debts, were bankrupted by providing the necessary relief. The landlord of most of Islay, Walter Frederick Campbell was a spectacular example. Another whose benevolence during the crisis brought bankruptcy Document [7](Title: Kildare) side-bar. It becomes visible, along with references, if the bar is expanded). 1813 estimate of population is from Mason's Statistical Survey For a discussion on the accuracy of pre-famine census returns see JJ Lee "On the accuracy of the Pre-famine Irish censuses Irish Population, Economy and Society" edited by JM Goldstrom and LA Clarkson (1981) p54, in and also New Developments in Irish Population History, 1700–1850 by Joel Mokyr and Cormac O Grada in The Economic History Review, New Series, Vol. 37, No. 4 (Nov. 1984), pp. 473–488. b. According to "Leinster Leader", Saturday, 11 April 1903, Britain had to Question: when did the irish potato famine officially start Answer:
1845
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Orbit of the Moon) The Moon orbits Earth in the prograde direction and completes one revolution relative to the stars in about 27.32 days ( a sidereal month ) and one revolution relative to the Sun in about 29.53 days ( a synodic month ) . Earth and the Moon orbit about their barycenter ( common center of mass ) , which lies about 4,600 km ( 2,900 mi ) from Earth 's center ( about 3 / 4 of the radius of Earth ) . On average , the distance to the Moon is about 385,000 km ( 239,000 mi ) from Earth 's center , which corresponds to about 60 Earth radii . Document [1](Title: Sea) or tidal amplitude. Most places experience two high tides each day, occurring at intervals of about 12 hours and 25 minutes. This is half the 24 hours and 50 minute period that it takes for the Earth to make a complete revolution and return the Moon to its previous position relative to an observer. The Moon's mass is some 27 million times smaller than the Sun, but it is 400 times closer to the Earth. Tidal force or tide-raising force decreases rapidly with distance, so the moon has more than twice as great an effect on tides as the Sun. Document [2](Title: Orbit of the Moon) the Moon varies as it orbits Earth and hence is not always equal to the Moon's rotational velocity. When the Moon is at its perigee, its rotation is slower than its orbital motion, and this allows us to see up to eight degrees of longitude of its eastern (right) far side. Conversely, when the Moon reaches its apogee, its rotation is faster than its orbital motion and this reveals eight degrees of longitude of its western (left) far side. This is referred to as "longitudinal libration". Because the lunar orbit is also inclined to Earth's ecliptic plane by 5.1°, the Document [3](Title: Parallax) yields for the Earth–Moon distance 60.27 Earth radii or This procedure was first used by Aristarchus of Samos and Hipparchus, and later found its way into the work of Ptolemy. The diagram at the right shows how daily lunar parallax arises on the geocentric and geostatic planetary model in which the Earth is at the centre of the planetary system and does not rotate. It also illustrates the important point that parallax need not be caused by any motion of the observer, contrary to some definitions of parallax that say it is, but may arise purely from motion of the Document [4](Title: Computus) 355 days. The lunar year is about 11 days shorter than the calendar year, which is either 365 or 366 days long. These days by which the solar year exceeds the lunar year are called epacts (). It is necessary to add them to the day of the solar year to obtain the correct day in the lunar year. Whenever the epact reaches or exceeds 30, an extra intercalary month (or embolismic month) of 30 days must be inserted into the lunar calendar: then 30 must be subtracted from the epact. The Rev. C. Wheatly provides the detail: Thus the Document [5](Title: BD+14 4559 b) orbit its star, the maximum stable orbit for a moon of that planet is less than 10 days. Simulations suggest that a moon with an orbital period less than about 45 to 60 days will remain safely bound to a massive giant planet or brown dwarf that orbits 1 AU from a Sun-like star. In the case of BD+14 4559 b, the orbital period would have to be no greater than a month (28–29 days) in order to have a stable orbit. Tidal effects could also allow the moon to sustain plate tectonics, which would cause volcanic activity to regulate Document [6](Title: Lunar orbit) in a long-lasting orbit, at 28° inclination, and successfully completed its mission after one and a half years. PFS-2 was placed in a particularly unstable orbital inclination of 11°, and lasted only 35 days in orbit before crashing into the lunar surface. Lunar orbit In astronomy, lunar orbit (also known as a selenocentric orbit) is the orbit of an object around the Moon. As used in the space program, this refers not to the orbit of the Moon about the Earth, but to orbits by various manned or unmanned spacecraft around the Moon. The altitude at apoapsis (point farthest from Document [7](Title: March 1997 lunar eclipse) the third of four lunar year eclipses at the descending node of the moon's orbit. The lunar year series repeats after 12 lunations or 354 days (Shifting back about 10 days in sequential years). Because of the date shift, the Earth's shadow will be about 11 degrees west in sequential events. March 1997 lunar eclipse A partial lunar eclipse took place on March 24, 1997, the first of two lunar eclipses in 1997. This partial lunar eclipse was nearly total; however, it occurred 3 days after the lunar apogee, so the umbral shadow is smaller. This is the 29th member Question: approximately how many complete revolutions does the moon make around earth each month Answer:
one
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Pauley Perrette) Pauley Perrette ( born March 27 , 1969 ) is an American actress , best known for playing Abby Sciuto on the U.S. TV series NCIS . She is also a published writer , singer and civil rights advocate . Document [1](Title: Julie King) Julie King Julie O'Toole King (born October 21, 1989 in St. Louis, Missouri) is an American soccer defender currently playing for North Carolina Courage in the National Women's Soccer League. King's parents are Kevin and Julie; her siblings are model RJ King, model and former "Amazing Race" contestant Caitlin King, and reality TV personality Meghan King Edmonds. King's older sister Caitlin played soccer with her at Auburn for two seasons. King attended and played for Nerinx Hall High School in Webster Groves, Missouri, where she was an Honor Roll Student. She was a wing-midfielder for St. Louis Scott Gallagher Club Document [2](Title: Amy Sedaris) small roles in a number of films, including "Elf", "School of Rock", "Maid in Manhattan", "Bewitched", "Snow Angels", "Full Grown Men", "Old Dogs", "Shrek the Third", and "Chicken Little". She also starred in the 2006 film adaptation of "Strangers with Candy". Sedaris also had a large role in the comedy "The Best and the Brightest". She voiced Cinderella in "Shrek the Third" and reprised her role in "Shrek Forever After". In 2008, Sedaris starred as principal Abby Hofman in Nickelodeon TV's "", directed by her "Strangers with Candy" co-star Paul Dinello. In November 2018, Sedaris was announced as having been Document [3](Title: Abby Rubenfeld) American Civil Liberties Union of Tennessee. She serves on the board of directors of the Human Rights Campaign, and was an attorney and Legal Director of Lambda Legal Defense and Education Fund, Inc. Rubenfeld is the daughter of Milton Rubenfeld and the sister of actor Paul Reubens (born Paul Rubenfeld). She is married, has two daughters, and a stepdaughter. Abby Rubenfeld Abby Rubenfeld (born 1953) is an American civil rights attorney who practices in Nashville, Tennessee. Rubenfeld received an A.B. with honors from Princeton University, where she was class president, and a J.D. from Boston University School of Law in Document [4](Title: Kate Burton (actress)) Dr. Ellis Grey, the former trailblazing surgeon, who dies of Alzheimer's. In 2008, the New York City Chapter of the Alzheimer's Association singled her out for her compelling performances in both shows. In 2006 and 2007, Burton received Emmy nominations for her "Grey's Anatomy" role. In 2011, Burton appeared as Marie Kessler, a veteran monster hunter, and the aunt of Nick Burkhardt in the opening episodes of the NBC supernatural drama "Grimm". Since 2012, she plays the recurring role of Vice President Sally Langston in the ABC hit show "Scandal", for which she again received an Emmy nomination. In 2015 Document [5](Title: Abigail Deveraux) for their relationship," which makes them stronger. The onscreen pairing of Chad and Abigail became very popular among fans and garnered the squish name, "Chabby". Jamey Giddens enjoyed Abigail and Chad's new dynamic displayed in their snooping around Cameron. Giddens said that while he wasn't a fan of their initial romance, "Abby and Chad’s scenes were fun, and made me wish I could see more." Born onscreen in 1992, Abigail Johanna Deveraux is the oldest child of supercouple Jack Deveraux (Matthew Ashford) and Jennifer Horton (Melissa Reeves). She is born in the Horton cabin, with her own father delivering her. Document [6](Title: Cheryl Francis Harrington) Cheryl Francis Harrington Cheryl Francis Harrington is an award-winning actress. She is best known for playing Mambo Garcelle "Haiti Lady" DuPris on the television series The PJs. TELEVISION Brothers & Sisters-Ken Olin, Dir. Glee-Paris Barclay, Dir. Criminal Minds-Elodie Keene, Dir. ER-Stephen Cragg, Dir Scare Tactics-Rob Pitts, Dir. Just Legal-Andy Davis, Dir. Philly-Kevin Hooks, Dir. Without A Trace-Jeannot Szwarc, Dir. The Shield-Guy Ferland, Dir. Strong Medicine-Phil Casnoff, Dir. The PJ'S -Larry Wilmore, Dir. Comic View-Curtis Gadson, Dir. Girlfriends -Sheldon Epps, Dir. NYPD Blue-Guy Ferland, Dir. Push Nevada (Pilot)-John McNaughton, Dir. Ryan's Four (Pilot)-Jeff Bleckner, Dir. Boston Public-Jack Bender, Dir. The District-Richard Document [7](Title: Diane Kruger) met her co-star for that film, Norman Reedus. The two were first seen together as a couple in July 2016. In November 2018, Kruger and Reedus welcomed a baby girl, their first and his second child. Diane Kruger Diane Kruger (née Heidkrüger; ; born 15 July 1976) is a German-American actress and former fashion model. She is known for roles such as Helen in the epic war film "Troy" (2004), Dr. Abigail Chase in the heist film "National Treasure" (2004) and (2007), Bridget von Hammersmark in Quentin Tarantino's war film "Inglourious Basterds" (2009), and Gina in the psychological thriller film Question: what is abby's real name from ncis Answer:
Pauley Perrette
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Icosagon) In geometry , an icosagon or 20 - gon is a twenty - sided polygon . The sum of any icosagon 's interior angles is 3240 degrees . Document [1](Title: Icosagon) Icosagon In geometry, an icosagon or 20-gon is a twenty-sided polygon. The sum of any icosagon's interior angles is 3240 degrees. The "regular icosagon" has Schläfli symbol {20}, and can also be constructed as a truncated decagon, t{10}, or a twice-truncated pentagon, tt{5}. One interior angle in a regular icosagon is 162°, meaning that one exterior angle would be 18°. The area of a regular icosagon with edge length "t" is In terms of the radius "R" of its circumcircle, the area is since the area of the circle is formula_3 the regular icosagon fills approximately 98.36% of its circumcircle. Document [2](Title: Icosioctagon) 5 regular forms given by Schläfli symbols: {28/3}, {28/5}, {28/9}, {28/11} and {28/13}. There are also isogonal icosioctagrams constructed as deeper truncations of the regular tetradecagon {14} and tetradecagrams {28/3}, {28/5}, {28/9}, and {28/11}. Icosioctagon In geometry, an icosioctagon (or icosikaioctagon) or 28-gon is a twenty-eight-sided polygon. The sum of any icosioctagon's interior angles is 4680 degrees. The "regular icosioctagon" is represented by Schläfli symbol {28} and can also be constructed as a truncated tetradecagon, t{14}, or a twice-truncated heptagon, tt{7}. The area of a regular icosioctagon is: (with "t" = edge length) As 28 = 2 × 7, the Document [3](Title: Tetracontaoctagon) configuration. Tetracontaoctagon In geometry, a tetracontaoctagon (or tetracontakaioctagon) or 48-gon is a forty-eight sided polygon. The sum of any tetracontaoctagon's interior angles is 8280 degrees. The "regular tetracontaoctagon" is represented by Schläfli symbol {48} and can also be constructed as a truncated icositetragon, t{24}, or a twice-truncated dodecagon, tt{12}, or a thrice-truncated hexagon, ttt{6}, or a fourfold-truncated triangle, tttt{3}. One interior angle in a regular tetracontaoctagon is 172°, meaning that one exterior angle would be 7°. The area of a regular tetracontaoctagon is: (with "t" = edge length) The tetracontaoctagon appeared in Archimedes' polygon approximation of pi, along with the Document [4](Title: Icosidodecahedron) with 15 and 10 others in two other polyhedra to define his 31 great circles of the spherical icosahedron. Convenient Cartesian coordinates for the vertices of an icosidodecahedron with unit edges are given by the even permutations of: where "φ" is the golden ratio, . The icosidodecahedron has four special orthogonal projections, centered on a vertex, an edge, a triangular face, and a pentagonal face. The last two correspond to the A and H Coxeter planes. The surface area "A" and the volume "V" of the icosidodecahedron of edge length "a" are: The icosidodecahedron can also be represented as a Document [5](Title: Dodecagon) Dodecagon In geometry, a dodecagon or 12-gon is any twelve-sided polygon. A regular dodecagon is a figure with sides of the same length and internal angles of the same size. It has twelve lines of reflective symmetry and rotational symmetry of order 12. A regular dodecagon is represented by the Schläfli symbol {12} and can be constructed as a truncated hexagon, t{6}, or a twice-truncated triangle, tt{3}. The internal angle at each vertex of a regular dodecagon is 150°. The area of a regular dodecagon of side length "a" is given by: And in terms of the apothem "r" (see Document [6](Title: 31 great circles of the spherical icosahedron) the edges of the uniform star dodecadodecahedron, making pentagrams with vertices at the edge centers of the icosahedron. There are 62 points of intersection, positioned at the 12 vertices, and center of the 30 edges, and 20 faces of a regular icosahedron. The 31 great circles are shown here in 3 directions, with 5-fold, 3-fold, and 2-fold symmetry. There are 4 types of right spherical triangles by the intersected great circles, seen by color in the right image. 31 great circles of the spherical icosahedron In geometry, the 31 great circles of the spherical icosahedron is an arrangement of 31 Document [7](Title: Great ditrigonal icosidodecahedron) the pentagonal faces in common), and the regular compound of five cubes. Great ditrigonal icosidodecahedron In geometry, the great ditrigonal icosidodecahedron is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as U. It has 4 Schwarz triangle equivalent constructions, for example Wythoff symbol 3 | 3 5/4 gives Coxeter diagram = . It has extended Schläfli symbol a{5/2,3} or c{3,5/2}, as an "altered great stellated dodecahedron" or "converted great icosahedron". Its circumradius is formula_1 times the length of its edge, a value it shares with the cube. Its convex hull is a regular dodecahedron. It additionally shares its edge arrangement with the small Question: what is the sum of the interior angles of an icosagon Answer:
3240 degrees
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: To Where You Are) '' To Where You Are '' is a song by American singer Josh Groban that appears on his 2001 debut album . It was written by Richard Marx and Linda Thompson and produced by Richard Marx . Document [1](Title: To Where You Are) To Where You Are "To Where You Are" is a song performed by American singer Josh Groban on his 2001 debut album. It was written by Richard Marx and Linda Thompson and produced by Richard Marx. When released as a single in 2002, the song "bubbled under" the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart, peaking at #116 in September of that year. It was more successful on the "Billboard" Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart, where it entered the chart in April 2002 and eventually spent two weeks atop the listing in August. It remained on this chart for 36 weeks. In November Document [2](Title: Don Grashey) She also received CCMA Awards as female vocalist of the year in 1982 and 1985, and for top-selling album (Hymns of Gold) in 1986, and for best-selling album (Christmas Carroll) in 1990. As a songwriter and music publisher, Grashey was nothing short of prolific. In addition to the mega success of "Are You Mine", his early career songwriting included recordings of "Are You The One" by Jim Reeves and "I'm Your Man (I'm Your Gal)" recorded by Nashville trio The Browns. In Canada, his songs were recorded by Jerry Palmer (who cut some 20 of Grashey's compositions, including the Top Document [3](Title: Where Are You? (Frank Sinatra album)) Where Are You? (Frank Sinatra album) Where Are You? is the thirteenth studio album by Frank Sinatra. This is the first album Sinatra recorded at Capitol without Nelson Riddle, as well as the first he recorded in stereo. It would later be re-issued under the name The Night We Called It a Day. The song "I Think of You" is based on lyrical second theme in E flat major from The Piano Concerto No. 2 in C minor, Op. 18, I. Moderato by Sergei Rachmaninoff. Early pressings of the original stereo album had only 11 tracks while the mono version Document [4](Title: Evermore (Beauty and the Beast song)) as "Evermore". After briefly considering Italian opera singer Andrea Bocelli, Leib suggested American singer Josh Groban because, in his opinion, the singer's "voice is a natural fit for this showstopper of a composition." Having already known Groban personally, Menken texted the singer who immediately confirmed his interest. Groban recorded the song shortly after the studio made final arrangements with his manager. On January 26, 2017, Disney announced that Groban had recorded a cover of "Evermore" – still entitled "For Evermore", at the time – and revealed that his version would be included on the remake's soundtrack in addition to being Document [5](Title: Where Is My Man) Where Is My Man "Where Is My Man" is a song from 1983 by the American singer and actress Eartha Kitt, which appeared on her 1984 album "I Love Men". The song was co-written by comedy writer Bruce Vilanch along with musicians and producers Fred Zarr and Jacques Morali. The song was first released in France as a single where it was wildly successful. The song features Kitt singing in a low, seductive-sounding voice. Included in the song are some sounds that have come to be associated with Kitt, including a purring sound similar to one she made while portraying Document [6](Title: Where We Are) Where We Are Where We Are is the ninth studio album by Irish boy band Westlife. It was released on 27 November 2009 in Ireland and on 30 November 2009 in the UK through S Records, RCA Records and Sony Music. "Where We Are" is the group's first album following a break from music in 2008. This album was preceded by the lead single "What About Now" (a cover of the Daughtry song) and it was released on 23 October 2009 as a digital download a day later as a CD single. The group collaborated with numerous notable producers for Document [7](Title: The Settlers (band)) 1965 to pursue a career in teaching, and was replaced by Geoff Srdzinski (born Geoffrey Srodzinski, 10 June 1946, Plymouth, Devon), who shared accommodation in Hampstead, London, with Tony Hooper of Strawbs. Hooper's song, "Always on My Mind", was released as a single by the Settlers early in 1967. Shortly after recording a religious album "I Am Your Servant" in 1973 Cindy Kent left the band and later released a solo single "I Only Want To Be In The World" on the Beeb label in 1975. By then the line up had changed from acoustic four-part pop folk harmony, to Question: who wrote the song to where you are Answer:
Linda Thompson
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Super Bowl XLIII) Super Bowl XLIII was an American football game between the American Football Conference ( AFC ) champion Pittsburgh Steelers and the National Football Conference ( NFC ) champion Arizona Cardinals to decide the National Football League ( NFL ) champion for the 2008 season . The Steelers defeated the Cardinals by the score of 27 -- 23 . The game was played on February 1 , 2009 , at Raymond James Stadium in Tampa , Florida . Document [1](Title: Super Bowl XLVIII) Super Bowl XLVIII Super Bowl XLVIII was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos and National Football Conference (NFC) champion Seattle Seahawks to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2013 season. The Seahawks defeated the Broncos 43–8, the largest margin of victory for an underdog and tied for the third largest point differential overall (35) in Super Bowl history with Super Bowl XXVII (1993). It was the first time the winning team scored over 40 points, while holding their opponent to under 10. This became the first Super Bowl victory for Document [2](Title: Bengals–Steelers rivalry) unanswered points to defeat the Bengals, 31–17. The Steelers would go on to win Super Bowl XL that season. The Steelers swept the Bengals in 2007 and 2008, on their way to consecutive division titles and a Super Bowl XLIII win following the 2008 season. In 2009, the Bengals swept the Steelers and won all of their division game for the first time in franchise history. The game in Cincinati marked Roethlisberger's first loss in his home state of Ohio, having previously been 10–0 at Cincinnati and Cleveland. Palmer announced his intention to retire after the 2010 season (although he Document [3](Title: 2005 Pittsburgh Steelers season) They defeated the NFC Champion Seattle Seahawks in Super Bowl XL to secure their league-tying fifth Super Bowl title. In doing so, they also became the first team since the 1970 AFL-NFL merger to win a Super Bowl without playing a single home playoff game until the 2007 Giants. They are also the first 6th seeded team to beat the top 3 seeds on the road. Notable additions include Heath Miller and Nate Washington. "at Paul Brown Stadium, Cincinnati, Ohio" "at RCA Dome, Indianapolis, Indiana" "at INVESCO Field at Mile High, Denver, Colorado" "at Ford Field, Detroit, Michigan" The Pittsburgh Document [4](Title: Southwestern United States) fifteen of MLB's thirty teams are now included in the Cactus League. The region has also been the scene of several NFL super bowls. Sun Devil Stadium in Tempe held Super Bowl XXX in 1996, when the Dallas Cowboys defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers. The University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona hosted Super Bowl XLII on February 3, 2008, in which the New York Giants defeated the New England Patriots, as well as Super Bowl XLIX, which resulted in the New England Patriots defeating the Seattle Seahawks 28-24. The U.S. Airways Center hosted both the 1995 and the 2009 NBA Document [5](Title: Seattle) three times: 2005, 2013 and 2014. The team played in the Kingdome until it was imploded in 2000 and moved into Qwest Field (now CenturyLink Field) at the same site in 2003. The Seahawks lost Super Bowl XL in 2005 to the Pittsburgh Steelers in Detroit, but won Super Bowl XLVIII in 2013 by defeating the Denver Broncos 43–8 at MetLife Stadium. The team advanced to the Super Bowl the following year, but lost to the New England Patriots in Super Bowl XLIX on a last-minute play. Seahawks fans have set stadium noise records on several occasions and are collectively Document [6](Title: Super Bowl XIX) Super Bowl XIX Super Bowl XIX was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Miami Dolphins and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion San Francisco 49ers to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1984 season. The 49ers defeated the Dolphins by the score of 38–16, to win their second Super Bowl. The game was played on January 20, 1985, at Stanford Stadium, on the campus of Stanford University in Stanford, California, the first Super Bowl played in the San Francisco Bay Area. This also became the second Super Bowl after Super Bowl XIV Document [7](Title: 2007 Pittsburgh Steelers season) 20 months earlier. The week 5 match was the Steelers' and Seahawks' first meeting in Pittsburgh since 1999 as well as the Seahawks' first-ever visit to Heinz Field. Another notable game occurred December 20 when the Steelers defeated the St. Louis Rams, 41–24, for their first-ever road win over the Cleveland/Los Angeles/St. Louis Rams (1–9–1). It was the two teams' first-ever meeting in St. Louis, a city the Steelers last visited in 1979 (a 24–21 win over the then-St. Louis Cardinals at Busch Memorial Stadium). Six players from the Steelers were selected to play in the 2008 Pro Bowl. Two Question: who won the super bowl steelers or cardinals Answer:
Steelers
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: History of Nigeria) In 1914 , the area was formally united as the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria . Administratively , Nigeria remained divided into the Northern and Southern Provinces and Lagos Colony . Western education and the development of a modern economy proceeded more rapidly in the south than in the north , with consequences felt in Nigeria 's political life ever since . Following World War II , in response to the growth of Nigerian nationalism and demands for independence , successive constitutions legislated by the British Government moved Nigeria toward self - government on a representative and increasingly federal basis . On 1 October 1954 , the colony became the autonomous Federation of Nigeria . By the middle of the 20th century , the great wave for independence was sweeping across Africa . On 27 October 1958 Britain agreed that Nigeria would become an independent state on 1 October 1960 . Document [1](Title: Nigerian nationalism) Nigeria came together as they recognized the discrepancies of British policy. "The problem of ethnic nationalism in Nigeria came with the advent of colonialism. This happened when disparate, autonomous, heterogeneous and sub- national groups were merged to form a nation. Again, the colonialists created structural imbalances within the nation in terms of socio-economic projects, social development and establishment of administrative centres. This imbalance deepened the antipathies between the various ethnic nationalities in Nigeria (Nnoli, 1980; Y oung, 1993 and Aluko, 1998)." The Nigerian nationalists' goal of achieving an independent sovereign state of Nigeria was achieved in 1960 when Nigeria declared Document [2](Title: Joseph Adebowale Atanda) Oyo under Colonial Rule and Independence" in M. Crowder and O. Ikime (EDs) West African Chiefs: Their Changing Status under Colonial rule and Independence, University of Ife Press & A.RC, New York, 1970, pp. 212–230. "Collision and Coalition in the Politics and Society of Western Nigeria in the 19th century" in J.F Ade Ajayi and B. Ikara (EDs) The Evolution of Political Culture in Nigeria, University Press, Ibadan, 1985, pp. 85–103. "Ideological Re-orientation for Government and Public Policy in Nigeria" in Tekena N.Tamuno and J.A Atanda (EDs) Nigeria Since Independence: The First 25 years, vol. IV: Government and public Policy, Document [3](Title: Ladipo Adamolekun) the futility of centralized planning in Nigeria. Local government reforms or decentralization is one of the most prominent views held by western analysts and Africans scholars as a necessary instrument to build a solid democratic foundation. Also, since 1922, with the conduct of legislative elections in colonial Nigeria that included native citizens, nationalists who are believed to be more successful than nation builders, advocated democratic norms and decentralization against the autocratic systems of colonialism. Since then until 1960, there was a concerted effort to build decentralization into the administrative system, this came to an end with the coming of independence Document [4](Title: British Nigerian) a former slave, lived in London and was involved in the debate that occurred in Britain over the abolition of the slave trade. Prior to Nigeria's independence from Britain, gained in 1960, many Nigerians studied in the UK along with other countries such as France and the United States, with the majority returning to Nigeria upon completion of their studies. In the 1960s, civil and political unrest in Nigeria contributed to many refugees migrating to Britain, along with skilled workers. Nigerians immigrated in larger numbers in the 1980s, following the collapse of the petroleum boom. This wave of migration has Document [5](Title: Ahmadu Bello) Assembly, and became a member of the regional executive council as minister of works. Bello was successfully minister of Works, of Local Government, and of Community Development in the Northern Region of Nigeria. In 1954, Bello became the first Premier of Northern Nigeria. In the 1959 independence elections, Bello led the NPC to win a plurality of the parliamentary seats. Bello's NPC forged an alliance with Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe's NCNC (National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons) to form Nigeria's first indigenous federal government which led to independence from Britain. In forming the 1960 independence federal government of the Nigeria, Document [6](Title: Northern Region, Nigeria) Caliphate or the numerous states of Northern Nigeria. This changed, when Fredrick Lugard and Taubman Goldie laid down an ambitious plan to pacify the Niger interior and unite it with the rest of the British Empire. The protectorate of Northern Nigeria was proclaimed at Ida by Fredrick Lugard on January 1, 1897. The basis of the colony was the 1885 Treaty of Berlin which broadly granted Northern Nigeria to Britain, on the basis of their protectorates in Southern Nigeria. Hostilities with the powerful Sokoto Caliphate soon followed. the Emirates of Kotogora and Illorin were the first to be conquered by Document [7](Title: Chike Obi) carried out at his Nanna Institute for Scientific Studies in Onitsha, Eastern Nigeria and published in Algebras, Groups and Geometries. However, a review of this proof published in Mathematical Reviews indicates that it was a false proof. Obi helped form the Dynamic Party of Nigeria, of which he served as its first secretary-general. After the party merged with the larger National Council of Nigerian and Cameroon, Obi was elected as part of the Nigerian delegation that negotiated the country’s path to self-rule at two London conferences in 1957 and 1958. After Nigeria’s independence from Britain in 1960, Obi was elected Question: prior to independence nigeria was ruled as a colony of Answer:
Britain
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Will Turner) William Turner is a blacksmith 's apprentice working in Port Royal , Jamaica . He secretly loves the governor 's daughter , Elizabeth Swann ( played by Keira Knightley ) , although he occupies a lower social class than she does . Will is the son of Bootstrap Bill Turner , and he works to free his father from service to Davy Jones . He marries Elizabeth Swann in At World 's End , and they have a son named Henry . Document [1](Title: Captain Tugboat Annie) doesn’t respond to Severn’s letter and request. Somehow, Annie still gets in touch with Severn and is appointed captain. She starts hiring his crew, an experienced lot of sailors: Pinto (Mantan Moreland), Shiftless (Jack Norton), Missouri Jones (Barton Yarborough) and Johnny Webb (Hardie Albright). Work commences and Annie runs across an orphan named Susan Henley (Saundra Berkova). She is a violin virtuose, and since Annie has worked with her father before the war, and very much would like a child of her own, she wants to adopt Susan as her own. Severn disagrees and claims the child would be better Document [2](Title: Charles Turner (merchant)) business partner, by his second wife Eleanor. The second daughter Harriet in 1837 married Rev. Thomas Staniforth (1807–1887). Charles Turner (merchant) Charles Hampden Turner (1772–1856) was a British businessman, now known as a collector and gardener. He was the son of John Turner of Narrow Street, Limehouse,a sailmaker and Dorothy Fowler. His sister Harriet married John Woolmore, the Member of Parliament. He was educated at Merchant Taylors School, London. Turner owned a sailmaking and canvas firm in Limehouse. He then in 1800 went into a local cordage business with Joseph Huddart, in partnership with Woolmore and Sir Robert Wigram, 1st Document [3](Title: Charles Turner (merchant)) Charles Turner (merchant) Charles Hampden Turner (1772–1856) was a British businessman, now known as a collector and gardener. He was the son of John Turner of Narrow Street, Limehouse,a sailmaker and Dorothy Fowler. His sister Harriet married John Woolmore, the Member of Parliament. He was educated at Merchant Taylors School, London. Turner owned a sailmaking and canvas firm in Limehouse. He then in 1800 went into a local cordage business with Joseph Huddart, in partnership with Woolmore and Sir Robert Wigram, 1st Baronet. By 1809 he gave up government work for the Naval Board, as inspector of canvas, citing pressure Document [4](Title: Elizabeth Swann) of the Caribbean Online". Elizabeth Swann Elizabeth Swann (later Elizabeth Turner) is a fictional character in the "Pirates of the Caribbean" film series. She appears in "" (2003) and three of its sequels, "" (2006), "" (2007) and "" (2017). She is portrayed by Keira Knightley (and as a child by Lucinda Dryzek in the prologue of "The Curse of the Black Pearl"). She is known to use the alias "Elizabeth Turner", but this later becomes her married name when she weds the character Will Turner (played by Orlando Bloom). Elizabeth is a spirited, intelligent, and independent-minded character whose beauty Document [5](Title: William Turner (minister at Wakefield)) William Turner (minister at Wakefield) William Turner (1714–1794) was an English dissenting minister. He became liberal in theology, a supporter of rational dissent, and with his congregation in favour of social and political reform. The son of John Turner (1689–1737), he was born at Preston, Lancashire, on 5 December 1714. His father, a restless man, who was minister for short periods at Preston, Rivington, Northwich, Wirksworth, and Knutsford, distinguished himself on the Hanoverian side in the Jacobite Rebellion of 1715. His mother was Hannah (d. 20 February 1747), daughter of William Chorley of Preston; her first husband's name was Holder. Document [6](Title: Lauren Carpenter) role as the Turner family matriarch first, but she has dreams of being an artist. By moving to Erinsborough, Lauren was able to reconnect with her father Lou, with whom she shares "a warm relationship". Kendall told Daniel Kilkelly of Digital Spy that Lauren would settle in and make friends easily, as she is a "very social" person. She also shared a history with some of the characters, so she was not unfamiliar with everyone. Kendall did not think she shared many similarities with her character. She called Lauren "a domestic goddess" and said that she did not do any Document [7](Title: Contending Forces) of John Langley. The Supreme Court identifies Ma Smith as the last representative of the heirs of Jesse Montfort, awarding her $150,000. Will visits Dora in New Orleans, and they attend Easter Sunday at the same convent Sappho coincidentally arrived at years ago. Will recognizes Alphonse, and rushes to find Sappho, which he does. They reunite, and he forgives her for running off and not trusting in him to accept her. Monsieur Louis, though disappointed that Sappho will not marry him, understands and is happy for the couple. Langley's future is revealed, as he dies alone, matching the fortune told Question: when was henry turner born pirates of the caribbean Answer:
in At World 's End
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Descendants 2) China Anne McClain as Uma , the daughter of Ursula Document [1](Title: Ethnic stereotypes in comics) the Pirates", and was later popularized in film by roles such as that of Anna May Wong's title character in the film, "Daughter of the Dragon". In comics, examples of the dragon lady stereotype include Marvel's Fah Lo Suee (see below), the daughter of Fu Manchu. Fah Lo Suee was a character in Sax Rohmer's series of pulp novels featuring Dr. Fu Manchu. Fah Lo Suee's name meant "Sweet Perfume", and she was Fu Manchu's daughter. In Marvel Comics, Fah Lo Suee was Shang-Chi's sister, and a hypersexualized temptress with the power of hypnosis. Her loyalties lay only with her Document [2](Title: Ursula (The Little Mermaid)) human father. Ursula returned to the sea when her adopted father was killed by the townsfolk for protecting her, befriending Athena, Queen of Atlantica, but was denied her inheritance by Triton and banished to the shadows. Ursula conspires with three other witches to steal Triton's soul and become ruler of all the seas, but is ultimately defeated. In the musical version of the original film, Sherie Rene Scott originated the live role, which she played until January 25, 2009. Other actresses who have played the role are Heidi Blickenstaff and Faith Prince. In this version, Ursula is King Triton's sister, Document [3](Title: Anne McCaffrey) Anne McCaffrey Anne Inez McCaffrey (1 April 1926 – 21 November 2011) was an American-born writer who emigrated to Ireland and was best known for the "Dragonriders of Pern" science fiction series. Early in McCaffrey's 46-year career as a writer, she became the first woman to win a Hugo Award for fiction and the first to win a Nebula Award. Her 1978 novel "The White Dragon" became one of the first science-fiction books to appear on the New York Times Best Seller list. In 2005 the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America named McCaffrey its 22nd Grand Master, an Document [4](Title: Women in Love (film)) with Jackson winning the Academy Award for Best Actress for her role, and the film receiving other honours. The film takes place in 1920, in the Midlands mining town of Beldover. Two sisters, Ursula and Gudrun Brangwen, discuss marriage on their way to the wedding of Laura Crich, daughter of the town's wealthy mine owner, Thomas Crich, to Tibby Lupton, a naval officer. At the village's church, each sister is fascinated by a particular member of the wedding party – Gudrun by Laura's brother, Gerald, and Ursula by Gerald's best friend, Rupert Birkin. Ursula is a school teacher and Rupert Document [5](Title: Sui Sin Far) (Chinese slave girl) purchased by Chinese acrobatics impresario Tuck Quy and his wife Wang Noo, and had toured the world as a tightrope dancer and the human target of a knife-throwing act until she was rescued from her abusive owner in London, England, by missionaries in 1855. Far was the oldest daughter and second child of fourteen children. In 1865, her family left England to live in Hudson, New York, United States, but stayed there only a short time before returning to England in 1868. The family returned to North America in 1872, relocating to Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Her father Document [6](Title: The Rainbow (1989 film)) with a cane in full view of the class and school staff. While her violent outburst actually works to pacify her students, and makes the headmaster not to make anymore inappropriate passes at her, Ursula is guilt-ridden by her own actions and as a result, she quits her job when the school year ends. Returning to her family farm a year-and-a-half later in the spring of 1901, Ursula is reunited with Anton who is back from war and wants to rekindle a romance with her. After having a casual reunion with Winifred, who is now married to Uncle Henry and Document [7](Title: Ursula Owen) Ursula Owen Ursula Margaret Owen (born 21 January 1937) is an English publisher, editor and campaigner for free expression. She was born Ursula Margaret Sachs in Oxford, England, to Emma Boehm and Werner Sachs, a chemical engineer who became managing director of a multinational company dealing with non-ferrous metals. Her parents were German Jews, and Owen spent the first 18 months of her life in Berlin, after which the family was forced to leave Nazi Germany and came to London. Owen was educated at Putney High School and from there went to St Hugh's College, where she studied medicine and Question: what is uma from descendants 2 real name Answer:
China Anne McClain
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Lok Sabha) The maximum strength of the House allotted by the Constitution of India is 552 . Currently the house has 545 seats which is made up by election of up to 543 elected members and at a maximum , 2 nominated members of the Anglo - Indian Community by the President of India . A total of 131 seats ( 24.03 % ) are reserved for representatives of Scheduled Castes ( 84 ) and Scheduled Tribes ( 47 ) . The quorum for the House is 10 % of the total membership . The Lok Sabha , unless sooner dissolved , continues to operate for five years from the date appointed for its first meeting . However , while a proclamation of emergency is in operation , this period may be extended by Parliament by law . Document [1](Title: Elections in Bihar) of States is the upper house of the Parliament of India. Membership of Rajya Sabha is limited by the Constitution to a maximum of 250 members, and current laws have provision for 245 members. Most of the members of the House are indirectly elected by state and territorial legislatures using single transferable votes, while the President of India can appoint 12 members for their contributions to art, literature, science, and social services. Members sit for staggered six-year terms, with one third of the members retiring every two years. Bihar legislature assembly has 243 seats. For the election of its members, Document [2](Title: Rajya Sabha) Rajya Sabha The Rajya Sabha or Council of States is the upper house of the Parliament of India. Membership of Rajya Sabha is limited by the Constitution to a maximum of 250 members, and current laws have provision for 245 members. Most of the members of the House are indirectly elected by state and territorial legislatures using single transferable votes, while the President can appoint 12 members for their contributions to art, literature, science, and social services. Members sit for staggered terms lasting six years, with a third of the members up for election every two years. The Rajya Sabha Document [3](Title: Politics of Maharashtra) and a first-past-the-post system to represent their respective constituencies, and they hold their seats for five years or until the body is dissolved by the President on the advice of the council of ministers.Representatives to the upper chamber, the Rajya Sabha, are elected indirectly by the Vidhan Sabha members. There are three further levels of government below the state: districts (Zilla Parishad), Taluka (sub-divisions), and Gram panchayat (village parish councils) respectively.The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act also stipulated representation in local government for women, the scheduled castes and the scheduled tribes.Cities and towns have their own separate governments. There are 36 Document [4](Title: Lawmaking procedure in India) House when at least two-thirds members are present and voted. In addition to this, certain amendments which pertain to the federal and judicial aspects of the constitution must be ratified by a majority of state legislatures. There is no provision for joint sitting of the two houses (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha) of the parliament to pass a constitutional amendment bill. Basic structure of the Indian constitution cannot be altered or destroyed through constitutional amendments under the constituent powers of the Parliament without undergoing judicial review by the Supreme Court. After the 24th amendment, parliament in its constituent capacity can Document [5](Title: 2004 Indian general election) simultaneously on 13 May. Over 370 million of the 675 million eligible citizens voted, with election violence claiming 48 lives, less than half the number killed during the 1999 election. The Indian elections were held in phases in order to maintain law and order. A few states considered sensitive areas required deployment of the armed forces. The average enrolment of voters in each constituency is 1.2 million, although the largest constituency has 3.1 million. The Election Commission of India is responsible for deciding the dates and conducting elections according to constitutional provisions. The Election Commission employed more than a million Document [6](Title: Reserved political positions in India) contesting those seats, thus alienating the rest of the Hindus. Finally, a compromise was reached with Ambedkar and Gandhi with the Poona Pact in which the parties agreed that certain constituencies would be reserved for the SC/ST communities, where the people belonging to SC/ST communities could elect 4 candidates per constituency who would then be candidates for election by the joint electorate. The Anglo-Indian community is the only Indian community that has its own representatives nominated to the Lok Sabha (Lower House) in India's Parliament. This right was secured from Nehru by Frank Anthony, the first and longtime president of Document [7](Title: 9th Lok Sabha) Later Chandra Shekhar became Prime Minister during 10 November 1990 till 21 June 1991 with the outside support from Indian National Congress under Rajiv Gandhi. The next 10th Lok Sabha was formed on 20 June 1991 after the Indian general election, 1991. Members by political party in 9th Lok Sabha are given below- 9th Lok Sabha List of Members of the 9th Lok Sabha (2 December 1989 – 13 March 1991) elections in 22-26 November 1989. The Lok Sabha (House of the People) is the lower house in the Parliament of India. 12 sitting members from Rajya Sabha were elected Question: seats reserved for st in lok sabha 2017 Answer:
47
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: HIV/AIDS in Nigeria) As of 2014 in Nigeria , the HIV prevalence rate among adults ages 15 -- 49 was 3.17 percent . Nigeria has the second - largest number of people living with HIV . The HIV epidemic in Nigeria is complex and varies widely by region . In some states , the epidemic is more concentrated and driven by high - risk behaviors , while other states have more generalized epidemics that are sustained primarily by multiple sexual partnerships in the general population . Youth and young adults in Nigeria are particularly vulnerable to HIV , with young women at higher risk than young men . There are many risk factors that contribute to the spread of HIV , including prostitution , high - risk practices among itinerant workers , high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections ( STI ) , clandestine high - risk heterosexual and homosexual practices , international trafficking of women , and irregular blood screening . Document [1](Title: HIV/AIDS in Benin) overall prevalence of 2.3% among adults in Cotonou, Benin's largest city. Heterosexual intercourse and mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) are the primary modes of HIV transmission in Benin. HIV prevalence is relatively low compared with rates in most other countries in sub-Saharan Africa, but the virus is spreading steadily among young adults and vulnerable populations. In a 2002 study, an HIV prevalence of 44.7% was found among sex workers in four urban areas. In 2002, another study showed that HIV among sex workers in Cotonou, while still very high, had declined from nearly 60% in 1996 to 50% in 1999 and to Document [2](Title: HIV/AIDS in Africa) Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, São Tomé and Principe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Eswatini, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe. High-risk behavioral patterns have been cited as being largely responsible for the significantly greater spread of HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa than in other parts of the world. Chief among these are the traditionally liberal attitudes espoused by many communities inhabiting the subcontinent toward multiple sexual partners and pre-marital and outside marriage sexual activity. HIV transmission is most likely in the first few weeks after infection, and is therefore increased when people have more than one sexual partner in the same time period. Document [3](Title: HIV/AIDS in the Caribbean) transmission in the region is heterosexual sex. The number of new HIV infections among women became and continues to be higher than those among men. Currently, the Caribbean is the only area outside of Sub-Saharan Africa where women and girls outnumber men and boys living with HIV. Among adults aged 15–44, AIDS is the leading cause of death. Between 2001 and 2009, new infections slightly declined. There is a large degree of variation of HIV prevalence between the 21 Caribbean countries. Currently, there are "two" countries where the national prevalence is over 2 percent, those being the Bahamas, and Belize. Document [4](Title: Prostitution by region) Prostitution by region This is an overview of prostitution by region. Prostitution is illegal in the majority of African countries. HIV/AIDS infection rates are particularly high among African sex workers. Nevertheless, it is common, driven by the widespread poverty in many sub-Saharan African countries, and is one of the drivers for the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Africa. Social breakdown and poverty caused by civil war in several African countries has caused further increases in the rate of prostitution in those countries. For these reasons, some African countries have also become destinations for sex tourism. Long distance truck drivers have been Document [5](Title: HIV/AIDS in Kenya) adult men. Populations in Kenya that are especially at risk include injecting drug users and people in prostitution, whose prevalence rates are estimated at 53 percent and 27 percent, respectively. Men who have sex with men (MSM) are also at risk at a prevalence of 18.2%. Other groups also include discordant couples (where one partner is infected and the other is not) however successful ARV-treatment will prevent transmission. Other groups at risk are prison communities, uniformed forces, and truck drivers. The following will be a timeline of the major events that have led up to today in the HIV/AIDS epidemic Document [6](Title: HIV/AIDS in Laos) Nearly 5 percent of injecting drug users (IDUs) were found to be HIV-positive in 2005. Although only 0 to 1.1 percent of sex workers were HIV-infected in 2000, a 2004 survey of the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among service women found that chlamydia/gonorrhea prevalence was 45 percent in the capital Vientiane, 43.6 percent in the border province of Bokeo, and 27.9 percent in the southern province of Champasak, indicating the vulnerability of these women to HIV. Lao PDR is undergoing rapid socioeconomic changes, including increased international tourism, leading to sexual behaviors that may place some Laotians at increased Document [7](Title: HIV/AIDS in Bangladesh) needle sharing, have caused a sharp increase in the number of people infected. Measurements at one central surveillance point showed that between 2001 and 2005, incidence of HIV in IDUs more than doubled – from 1.4 percent to 4.9 percent, according to UNAIDS. In 2004, 9 percent of IDUs at one location in Dhaka were HIV-positive. Compounding the risk of an epidemic, a large proportion of IDUs (up to 20 percent in some regions) reported buying sex, fewer than 10 percent of whom said they consistently used a condom. HIV/AIDS prevention programs have successfully reached 71.6 percent of commercial sex Question: factors that contribute to the spread of hiv in nigeria Answer:
irregular blood screening
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Iron Man 2 (soundtrack)) 15 . '' Highway to Hell '' Young , Young , Scott Highway to Hell ( 1979 ) 3 : 28 Document [1](Title: Highway Thru Hell) Highway Thru Hell Highway Thru Hell is a Canadian reality TV show that follows the operations of "Jamie Davis Motor Trucking", a heavy vehicle rescue and recovery towing company based in Hope, British Columbia. Quiring Towing, Aggressive Towing and Mission Towing are also big players in the series. The show focuses on the hardships of operating along the highways of the BC Interior, especially the Coquihalla Highway (Coq). The show was created by Mark A. Miller, Kevin Mills and Neil Thomas. Neil Thomas met one of Jamie Davis' heavy rescue operators after his moving truck broke down on Highway 5 Document [2](Title: If You're Going Through Hell) If You're Going Through Hell If You're Going Through Hell is the second studio album by American country music singer Rodney Atkins. It was released in July 2006 via Curb Records. The album was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) after selling at least one million copies in the United States. The album's first four singles — "If You're Going Through Hell (Before the Devil Even Knows)", "Watching You", "These Are My People" and "Cleaning This Gun (Come On In Boy)" — all reached number one on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot Country Songs chart between 2006 Document [3](Title: Airbourne (band)) Rules 2013. In 2016, "Breaking Outta Hell" was chosen as the official theme song for WWE Hell In A Cell. It has been used since 2016. In the movie "The Lost Boys: The Tribe", a sequel to the original "Lost Boys", the song "Too Much, Too Young, Too Fast" is played in the car as Chris and Nicole drive to their new house. The song is also used in the 2009 comedy "I Love You Beth Cooper". The song "Let's Ride" appears in the 2008 film "College". The song "Diamond in the Rough" is constantly used during the NRL games Document [4](Title: Antichrist Superstar) Sodom" appeared on the Reznor-produced soundtrack to David Lynch's "Lost Highway" in February. A music video for the song was created in 1996, and also remained unreleased until its director, Joseph Cultice, uploaded it to YouTube in 2009. "The Suck for Your Solution" appeared on the to the Howard Stern biopic "Private Parts", which was also released in February. "Long Hard Road Out of Hell", featuring backing vocals from Sneaker Pimps vocalist Kelli Ali, was released on the soundtrack to "Spawn" in August. The following month, "Tourniquet" was issued as the album's second commercial single, and peaked at number 28 Document [5](Title: Paradise Road (song)) Paradise Road (song) "Paradise Road" is a song written in 1979 by Patric van Blerk and Fransua Roos. Recorded in 1980 by the South African female vocal group Joy, which comprised Felicia Marion, Thoko Ndlozi and Anneline Malebo, the song topped the hit parade for nine weeks. "Paradise Road" went on to become an unofficial South African anthem: "The lyrics resonated with the country at that time, the chorus being: There are better days before us and a burning bridge behind, fire smoking, the sky is blazing. There’s a woman waiting, weeping and a young man nearly beaten, all for Document [6](Title: Highway (2015 film)) been composed by Mangesh Dhakde. The film comprises 3 tracks and all the lyrics are written by Vaibhav Joshi. The album rights of the film were acquired by Zee Music Company. The soundtrack was released on 7 May 2015. The film was first scheduled to be released on 24 July 2015 but due to technical issues the release was postponed. The film finally release in 28 August 2015. The film's official first trailer released on YouTube on 06 Aug 2015 and the second small trailer fastly released on 10 Aug 2015 on YouTube. Highway (2015 film) Highway (also known or Document [7](Title: From Hell to Victory) of a relatively low-budget production which still runs to a quite respectable crowd of extras and such details as a genuine vintage fire engine in the London blitz scene" and that "taken on the level of a ripping yarn, "From Hell to Victory" is really quite amiable, although the routine script and direction make everything much more predictable than it need have been". From Hell to Victory From Hell to Victory is a European Macaroni-War film directed in 1979 by Umberto Lenzi. The movie was a co-production between Italy (where it was released as Contro 4 bandiere/ "Against Four Flags"), Question: song played at the end of iron man 2 Answer:
Highway to Hell
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Wisdom tooth) Treatment of an erupted wisdom tooth is the same as any other tooth in the mouth . If impacted , treatment can be localized to the infected tissue overlying the impaction , extraction or coronectomy . Document [1](Title: Pericoronitis) wisdom teeth are erupting into the mouth. If the individual has reached their twenties without any attack of pericoronitis, it becomes substantially less likely one will occur thereafter. Pericoronitis Pericoronitis (from the Greek "peri", "around", Latin "corona" "crown" and "-itis", "inflammation") also known as operculitis, is inflammation of the soft tissues surrounding the crown of a partially erupted tooth, including the gingiva (gums) and the dental follicle. The soft tissue covering a partially erupted tooth is known as an "operculum", an area which can be difficult to access with normal oral hygiene methods. The synonym "operculitis" technically refers to inflammation Document [2](Title: Mouth infection) Mouth infection Mouth infections, also known as oral infections, are a group of infections that occur around the oral cavity. They include dental infection, dental abscess, and Ludwig's angina. Mouth infections typically originate from dental caries at the root of molars and premolars that spread to adjacent structures. In otherwise healthy patients, removing the offending tooth to allow drainage will usually resolve the infection. In cases that spread to adjacent structures or in immunocompromised patients (cancer, diabetes, transplant immunosuppression), surgical drainage and systemic antibiotics may be required in addition to tooth extraction. Since bacteria that normally reside in the oral Document [3](Title: Dental extraction) Dental extraction A dental extraction (also referred to as tooth extraction, exodontia, exodontics, or informally, tooth pulling) is the removal of teeth from the dental alveolus (socket) in the alveolar bone. Extractions are performed for a wide variety of reasons, but most commonly to remove teeth which have become unrestorable through tooth decay, periodontal disease or dental trauma, especially when they are associated with toothache. Sometimes wisdom teeth are impacted (stuck and unable to grow normally into the mouth) and may cause recurrent infections of the gum (pericoronitis). In orthodontics if the teeth are crowded, sound teeth may be extracted Document [4](Title: Overeruption) Overeruption is treated either by forcing the tooth back using orthodontic techniques, or by cutting the interfering part of the tooth and installing a crown. Overeruption In dentistry, overeruption is the physiological movement of a tooth lacking an opposing partner in the dental occlusion. Because of the lack of opposing force and the natural eruptive potential of the tooth there is a tendency for the tooth to erupt out of the line of the occlusion. Overeruption can cause interferences in the occlusion and difficulty when constructing dentures. The alveolar bone typically overgrows, but root surfaces can be exposed to the Document [5](Title: Periradicular surgery) good periodontal support or coronal seal as these factors will reduce the prognosis of the tooth following surgery. More importantly, the tooth needs to be restorable following surgery, for instance having enough tooth structure to support restoration. Filling the root canals of the tooth from the crown (orthograde root canal therapy) should have been done as the first treatment option to resolve inflammation caused by the tooth. Periradicular surgery is only considered if the inflammation persists following conventional root canal treatment. Patient’s oral hygiene level must also be taken into account for poor oral status will increase risk of infection Document [6](Title: Endodontic therapy) most untoward events, such as re-treatment, apical surgery or extraction, occurring during the first 3 years after the initial endodontic treatment. Endodontically treated teeth are prone to extraction mainly due to non-restorable carious destruction, other times due to the improper fit of the crown margins that encircles the tooth which lead to the ingress of bacteria, and to a lesser extent to endodontic-related reasons such as endodontic failure, vertical root fracture, or perforation (procedural error). An infected tooth may endanger other parts of the body. People with special vulnerabilities, such as a recent prosthetic joint replacement, an unrepaired congenital heart Document [7](Title: Periapical cyst) soft tissues. The affected tooth may also exhibit discoloration. The infected tissue of the periapical cyst must be entirely removed, including the epithelium of the cyst wall; otherwise, a relapse is likely to occur. Root canal treatment should be performed on the tooth if it is determined that previous therapy was unsuccessful. Removal of the necrotic pulp and the inflamed tissue as well as proper sealing of the canals and an appropriately fitting crown will allow the tooth to heal under uninfected conditions. Surgical options for previously treated teeth that would not benefit from root canal therapy include cystectomy and Question: what is the medical term for removing wisdom teeth Answer:
extraction or coronectomy
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Dance India Dance) Salman Yusuff Khan ( from Remo Ke Rangeelay ) was the winner . Alisha Singh ( from Terence Ki Toli ) was 1st runner - up . Siddhesh Pal ( from Geeta Ki Gang ) was 2nd runner - up . Jai Kumar Nair ( from Terence Ki Toli ) was 3rd runner - up . Document [1](Title: 2009 Australian Open) Sugiyama, 6–3, 6–3 Sania Mirza / Mahesh Bhupathi defeated Nathalie Dechy / Andy Ram, 6–3, 6–1 Yuki Bhambri defeated Alexandros-Ferdinandos Georgoudas, 6–3, 6–1 Ksenia Pervak defeated Laura Robson 6–3, 6–1 Francis Casey Alcantara / Hsieh Cheng-peng defeated Mikhail Biryukov / Yasutaka Uchiyama, 6–4, 6–2 Christina McHale / Ajla Tomljanović defeated Aleksandra Krunić / Sandra Zaniewska, 6–1, 2–6, [10–4] Shingo Kunieda defeated Stéphane Houdet, 6–2, 6–4 Esther Vergeer defeated Korie Homan, 6–4, 6–2 Peter Norfolk defeated David Wagner, 7–6, 6–1 Robin Ammerlaan / Shingo Kunieda defeated Stefan Olsson / Maikel Scheffers, 7–5, 6–1 Korie Homan / Esther Vergeer defeated Agnieszka Bartczak Document [2](Title: Akademi Fantasia (season 13)) while Shake was announced as the new principal for this season. On 9 October 2016, Amir Syazwan Masdi was announced as the season's winner, beating Muhammad Ammal Shafiq Osman. 1. Amir Syazwan bin Masdi (Amir) 2. Muhd Ammal Shafiq bin Osman (Amal) 3. Kareshma Martin John Patrick (Reshma) 4. Nur Farrah Izzatie binti Johari (Ara) 5. Nurhafizah binti Longkip @ Thomas (Afi) 6. Mohd Afzarul Dzarif bin Mohd Mazlee (Zarol) 7. Nurul Rahila binti Rashun (Rahila) 8. Muhd Ikram bin Kamaruzzaman (Ikram) 9. Siti Aisyah binti Abdul Razak (Asha) 10. Jasper James Supayah (Jasper) 11. Isyariana binti Che Azmi (Riana) Document [3](Title: 2012 French Open) 2–6, 7–5 Maria Sharapova defeated Sara Errani, 6–3, 6–2 Max Mirnyi / Daniel Nestor defeated Bob Bryan / Mike Bryan, 6–4, 6–4 Sara Errani / Roberta Vinci defeated Maria Kirilenko / Nadia Petrova, 4–6, 6–4, 6–2 Sania Mirza / Mahesh Bhupathi defeated Klaudia Jans-Ignacik / Santiago González, 7–6, 6–1 Kimmer Coppejans defeated Filip Peliwo 6–1, 6–4 Annika Beck defeated Anna Karolína Schmiedlová, 3–6, 7–5, 6–3 Andrew Harris / Nick Kyrgios defeated Adam Pavlásek / Václav Šafránek, 6–4, 2–6, [10–7] Daria Gavrilova / Irina Khromacheva defeated Montserrat González / Beatriz Haddad Maia, 4–6, 6–4, [10–8] Stéphane Houdet defeated Shingo Kunieda, 6–2, Document [4](Title: Dance India Dance) the winner Sachin Sharma (from "Marzi Ke Mastane") is first runner up Piyush Gurbhele (from "Mini Ke Masterblasters") is second runner up Nainika Anasuru (from "Mini Ke Masterblasters") is third runner up Shivam Wankhede (from "Mudassar Ki Mandali) is" fourth runner up The first season of "DID L'il Masters" was judged by Farah Khan and Sandip Soparrkar. The four skippers and their teams were: Dharmesh ke Dhinchak, Jai ke Jhatang-Fatang, Vrushali ke Dhum-Dhadake and Amrita ke Aflatoon. Jeetumoni Kalita from Dharmesh ke Dhinchak was declared winner of the first season of "Dance India Dance L'il Masters". Atul Banmoria was the Document [5](Title: Badminton at the 1981 World Games) A. Salazar (Peru), 15-4, 15-7; Morten Frost Hansen (Denmark) def. P. Johnson (Canada), 15-3, 15-4; G. Valdez (Peru) won by default over M. Sidek (Malaysia); Stephen Baddeley (England) def. G. Higgins (USA) 15-7, 15-8; M. Hadiyanto (Indonesia) won by default over J. P. Baudoin (Belgium) Second round M. Hadiyanto (Indonesia) d. Stephen Baddeley (England); plus other matches Quarterfinals 1. Liem Swie King (Indonesia) d. Ray Stevens (England), 15-3, 15-7 2. M. Frost Hansen (Denmark) d. Hadiyanto (Indonesia), 15-10, 15-6 3. Chen Changjie (China) d. K. Jolly (England), 18-14, 15-8 4. Prakash Padukone (Indonesia) d. Pat Tryon (Canada), 15-5, 15-3 Semi-finals Document [6](Title: 2009 Sony Ericsson Open) decided the outcome of the final, with Mirnyi and Ram winning the tiebreak and the match. It was Mirnyi's 36th and Ram's 16th men's doubles title of the career and their second title as a team. Max Mirnyi / Andy Ram defeated Ashley Fisher / Stephen Huss, 6–7, 6–2, [10–7]. Daniela Hantuchová and Ai Sugiyama, who lost to wildcard entrants Petra Martić and Coco Vandeweghe, were the only seeded pair to drop out in the first round. Another wildcard team of Svetlana Kuznetsova and Amélie Mauresmo defeated the top seeds Cara Black and Liezel Huber in the second round. Eighth Document [7](Title: Malaysia men's national junior ice hockey team) won 11–0, currently the teams largest victory on record. Malaysia went on to win their other three games of the tournament against India, Kyrgyzstan and the United Arab Emirates, finishing first in the standings and winning the tournament. Forward Mohammad Hariz Mohammad Oryza Ananda was named the most valuable player after leading the scoring with 18 points. He was also selected as best Malaysian player of the tournament. Chee Ming Bryan Lim was named the tournament's best forward by the IIHF Directorate and Shahrul Ilyas Abdul Shukor finished as the leading goaltender with a save percentage of 97.56. Malaysia men's Question: who is the winner of did season 1 Answer:
Salman Yusuff Khan
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: QBasic) QBasic , a short form of Quick Beginners All purpose Symbolic Instruction Code , is an integrated development environment and interpreter for a variety of BASIC programming languages which are based on QuickBASIC . Code entered into the IDE is compiled to an intermediate representation , and this IR is immediately interpreted on demand within the IDE . It can run under nearly all versions of DOS and 32 - bit versions of Windows , or through emulation via DOSBox / DOSEMU on Linux , FreeBSD , and 64 - bit versions of Windows . ( QBasic is a DOS program and requires DOS or a DOS emulator . Windows XP comes with an emulator called DOS Virtual Machine , subsequent versions of Windows require an emulator such as DosBox . ) For its time , QBasic provided a state - of - the - art IDE , including a debugger with features such as on - the - fly expression evaluation and code modification . It supports various inbuilt functions . Document [1](Title: Optimized Systems Software) assemblers. The MAC/65 Toolkit disk contains additional code and examples. A machine language debugger. It was initially included with MAC/65, but the cartridge-based version of the assembler added its own debugger, DDT. BUG/65 was later added to DOS XL. A cartridge-based development system for a readable ALGOL-like language that compiles to efficient 6502 code. Action! combines a full-screen editor with a compiler that generates code directly to memory without involving disk access. The language found a niche for being over a hundred times faster than Atari BASIC, but much easier to program in than assembly language. Compiled Action! programs require Document [2](Title: Borland Turbo Debugger) parts of programs, had to be compiled with TP or TC with a conditional directive set which added debugging information to the compiled executable, with related source statements and corresponding machine code. The debugger would then be started (TD did not debug within the development IDE). After debugging the program would be recompiled without debugging information to reduce its size. Later Turbo Debugger, the stand-alone Turbo Assembler (TASM), and Turbo Profiler were included with the compilers in the professional Borland Pascal and Borland C++ versions of the more restricted Turbo Pascal and Turbo C++ suites for MS-DOS. After the popularity Document [3](Title: MS-DOS Editor) editors rely on QBasic 1.0. This version can only open one file, to the limit of DOS memory. Although this editor can open one file, it can also open the quick help file in a split window. Edit version 1.1 appeared in MS-DOS 6.0. No new features were added to the editor: the main difference is that the QBasic 1.1 is used to show the MS-DOS 6.0 help. This version is available also on all versions of Windows 9x, although the files are unchanged from 6.22. Renaming help.hlp to edit.hlp allows one to access the DOS 6 help system inside Document [4](Title: DOSBox) DOSBox DOSBox is an emulator program which emulates an IBM PC compatible computer running a DOS operating system. Many IBM PC compatible graphics and sound cards are also emulated. This means that original DOS programs (including PC games) are provided with an environment in which they can run correctly, even though the modern computers have dropped support for that old environment. DOSBox is free software written primarily in C++ and distributed under the GNU General Public License. DOSBox has been downloaded over 34 million times since its release on SourceForge in 2002. A number of usability enhancements have been added Document [5](Title: OpenVMS) are integrated, as are various add-on languages and tools. Many programming examples are available via the OpenVMS FAQ. The VMS Debugger supports all DEC compilers and many third party languages. It allows breakpoints, watchpoints and interactive runtime program debugging either using a command line or graphical user interface. In a manner similar to Unix, VMS defines several standard input and output streams with these logical names: SYS$INPUT - Standard input. Used interactively, this represents the terminal keyboard. Used in a batch file, it is batch file lines not preceded with a $ symbol, or specified as an input deck using Document [6](Title: MS-DOS) (GUI) on top of MS-DOS. With Windows 95, 98, 98 SE and ME, the MS-DOS part was (superficially) integrated, treating both operating systems as a complete package, though the DOS component could actually stand alone. The command line accessed the DOS command line (usually codice_1) through a Windows module (WINOLDAP.MOD). A new line of Windows, (Windows NT), boot through a kernel whose sole purpose is to load Windows. One cannot run Win32 applications in the loader system in the manner that OS/2, UNIX or Consumer Windows can launch character-mode sessions. The command session permits running of various supported command line Document [7](Title: MS-DOS) utilities from Win32, MS-DOS, OS/2 1.x and POSIX. The emulators for MS-DOS, OS/2 and POSIX use the host's window in the same way that Win16 applications use the Win32 explorer. Using the host's window allows one to pipe output between emulations. The MS-DOS emulation is done through the NTVDM (NT Virtual DOS Machine). This is a modified SoftPC (a former product similar to VirtualPC), running a modified MS-DOS 5 (NTIO.SYS and NTDOS.SYS). The output is handled by the console DLLs, so that the program at the prompt (codice_3, codice_4, codice_5), can see the output. 64-bit Windows does not have either Question: qbasic is the extension of which programming language Answer:
QuickBASIC
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Jeremy Foley (actor)) Jeremy Foley ( born Geronimo Jeremiah Foley on February 20 , 1983 ) is an American actor . Foley is perhaps best known for his appearance as Billy in the Buffy the Vampire Slayer episode '' Nightmares '' , as well as his supporting role of Griffen Lowe in the Nickelodeon show Caitlin 's Way . Document [1](Title: Harry Groener) Minneapolis, playing a dual role as both U.S. President Abraham Lincoln in 1865 and Lyndon B. Johnson in 1965. Ovation Awards Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Awards Joseph Jefferson Award Harry Groener Harry Groener (born September 10, 1951) is a German-born American actor and dancer, perhaps best known for playing Mayor Wilkins in "Buffy the Vampire Slayer" (seasons 3, 4 and 7). Groener was born in Augsburg, Bavaria, Germany, to an opera singer mother and a father who worked as a concert pianist, office clerk, and composer. He emigrated to the United States with his family at the age of Document [2](Title: Billy Mitchell (EastEnders)) to see him but she is too scared of his injuries to go to him. Billy then rents a room in a house with Jay and Donna Yates (Lisa Hammond). The character Billy Mitchell was introduced by producer Matthew Robinson as a guest character in November 1998, used as part of a storyline to introduce Billy's nephew, Jamie, (Jack Ryder) to the regular cast. In the storyline, Billy was caught being abusive to Jamie and he was subsequently taken in by Billy's cousin Phil Mitchell (Steve McFadden). The character was only intended to appear for four episodes; however, Perry Fenwick Document [3](Title: Adam Goldberg) born in Santa Monica, California, the son of Donna (née Goebel) and Earl Goldberg, a former lifeguard who ran a wholesale food business. His father is Jewish with roots in Russia, Lithuania and Romania; his mother is a non-practicing Roman Catholic, of Mexican, Irish, French, and German descent. He lives in Los Angeles with his dog, Digger. In December 2014, Goldberg and his girlfriend, artist and designer Roxanne Daner, had a son named Bud. Goldberg's first major screen role was in the Billy Crystal film "Mr. Saturday Night" (1992). His career-making role was arguably that of the tough, wise-cracking infantryman Document [4](Title: The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy) strong supernatural abilities or ties with a number of beastly characters to achieve goals or desires for themselves, often with twisted results. Famed fictional monsters including Dracula, the Wolfman, and the bogeyman are also comically depicted in the series. Supporting characters include Irwin (Vanessa Marshall), a nerdy awkward boy who has a crush on Mandy; Harold (Richard Steven Horvitz), Billy's father who is even dumber than his son; Gladys (Jennifer Hale), Billy's loving yet mentally unstable mother; Mindy (Rachael MacFarlane), the snobby, stuck-up, and spoiled queen bee of Billy and Mandy's school; Sperg (Greg Eagles), the local bully who has Document [5](Title: Get Hard) Will Ferrell and Kevin Hart were attached to starring roles. On February 26, 2014, it was announced Craig T. Nelson had joined the cast to play Martin Barrow, the founder of Barrow Funds (Ferrell's character's boss) and also the father of Ferrell's character's fiancée. On March 17, 2014 Alison Brie signed on to star, playing the fiancée of Ferrell's character. On March 21, 2014, Edwina Findley joined the cast to play Rita Hudson, wife to Hart's character. On March 24, 2014 Dan Bakkedahl joined the cast to play Rick, Ferrell's hated enemy at their office. On March 25, 2014, T.I. Document [6](Title: Darren McGavin) horror film "Happy Hell Night" (1992) and the comedy "Billy Madison" (1995), playing the father of the title character, opposite Adam Sandler. McGavin died in Los Angeles on February 25, 2006 of cardiovascular disease, aged 83. William Lyle Richardson was born in Spokane, Washington, the only child of Reed D. Richardson and his wife Grace (née Bogart) Watson. His parents divorced when he was 11 years old, and custody was given to his father, who was employed as a traveling salesman for a chemical company. As an adolescent, his father boarded him with a family at their farm on the Document [7](Title: Jason Merrells) Jason Merrells Jason Scott Merrells (born 2 November 1968 in Epping, Essex) is an English actor, who is best known for his roles as receptionist Matt Hawley in "Casualty", stylist Gavin Ferraday in "Cutting It", Head Teacher Jack Rimmer in "Waterloo Road" and Home Farm's owner Declan Macey in "Emmerdale". More recently Jason plays the role of David in ITV's Safe House Merrells has an elder brother Simon Merrells (born 1965) who is also an actor. Merrells studied at the Buckhurst Hill County High School from 1980 to 1986 and later at the Chichester University, where he studied fine art. Question: who played billy in buffy the vampire slayer Answer:
Jeremy Foley
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Hope Summers) Sarah Hope Summers ( June 7 , 1896 -- June 22 , 1979 ) , better known as Hope Summers , was an American character actress known for her work on CBS 's The Andy Griffith Show and Mayberry RFD , portraying Clara Edwards . Document [1](Title: Hope Summers) Three Sons", "Petticoat Junction", "Love on a Rooftop", "The Pruitts of Southampton", "The Second Hundred Years", "Adam-12" and "The Paul Lynde Show", and was a regular in the cast of the short-lived 1978 situation comedy "Another Day". She made thirty-six appearances on the "Andy Griffith Show" during the 1960s (in earlier episodes her character was called Bertha), and five appearances on the post-Griffith spinoff, "Mayberry R.F.D.". Her film work usually was in quite small parts, often unbilled, but she had a credited part as Mrs. Gilmore, one of the kindlier members of the witches' coven at the heart of Roman Document [2](Title: Hope Logan) and 20, 2015. In February 2016, Matula was reported to make a guest return to the soap; she appeared on March 16, 2016. In November 2017, "Soap Opera Digest" announced that actress Annika Noelle had been cast in the role of Hope; she made her first appearance on January 8, 2018. The young adult character of Hope was first described as "A polar opposite of what her mother Brooke once was, Hope makes no secret of her more traditional and reserved views on sex and marriage". Matula has described Hope as "Unlucky in love". Speaking about the character's dramatic aging Document [3](Title: Mary Dodson) first woman to become a member of the Society of Motion Picture and Television Art Directors, now known as the Art Directors Guild (ADG). Dodson, a resident of Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, died from complications of Parkinson’s disease on February 15, 2016, at the age of 83. Dodson's husband, actor Jack Dodson, who died in 1994, was best known for his role of Howard Sprague on "The Andy Griffith Show" and the spin-off, "Mayberry R.F.D.". Mary Dodson Mary Dodson (née Weaver; September 24, 1932 – February 15, 2016) was an American art director known for her work in television. Dodson Document [4](Title: Sheila Reid) many years later, this time as a different character, Audrey Thorp, in one more episode '431' (3 August 2006). On 2 October 2001, she appeared in BBC One's medical soap opera "Doctors" as Louise Kingston in the episode 'Retiring the Past'. She returned to the series on three more occasions, each time playing a different character. She played Ivy Brownlow in the episode 'You People' (20 January 2009), Eena McFee in the episode 'Seize the Day' (31 May 2011) and Sid Dalmond in the episode 'Sid's Blues' (22 January 2014). On 15 September 2002, she appeared in BBC One's comedy Document [5](Title: Helen, the Authoress) Helen, the Authoress "Helen, the Authoress" is an episode from the American television program "The Andy Griffith Show" broadcast Monday, February 27, 1967 on CBS. Helen's sudden celebrity as an author creates a rift in her relationship with Andy. "Helen, the Authoress" was the 24th episode in the show's seventh season, and the 213th episode in the complete series. This episode marks the first time that Helen Crump is referred to as Andy's fiancee. Andy would marry Helen Crump in the first episode of the spin-off series, "Mayberry RFD". The episode opens in Helen's house. Andy scans a listing of Document [6](Title: Fran Ryan) Hillbillies". She also appeared in a 1972 episode of Columbo Dagger of the Mind, uncredited woman at the airport. Ryan's first supporting cast television role was as Aggie Thompson in the first several episodes of "The Doris Day Show". The same season, she was offered the replacement role on the series "Green Acres" as Doris Ziffel from 1969 to 1971. Ryan replaced Barbara Pepper, who was in poor health and died five months later of heart ailments on July 18, 1969. Ryan also starred on the long-running TV Western series "Gunsmoke" during its 20th and final season as Miss Hannah Document [7](Title: Judith Chapman) Judith Chapman Judith Chapman (born Judith Shepard on November 15, 1951) is an American actress, best known for soap opera roles, particularly as Natalie Bannon Hughes in "As the World Turns", Charlotte Greer on "Ryan's Hope", Ginny Blake Webber on "General Hospital", Sandra Montaigne on "One Life to Live", Anjelica Deveraux Curtis on "Days of Our Lives", and as Gloria Abbott Bardwell on "The Young and the Restless". Chapman was born in Greenville, South Carolina. She is the daughter of retired United States Air Force general Leland C. Shepard Jr.. Her older sister Patty Shepard (born 1945) also worked as Question: who played clara on the andy griffith show Answer:
Sarah Hope Summers
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: The Magic Flute) The Magic Flute ( German : Die Zauberflöte ) , K. 620 , is an opera in two acts by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart to a German libretto by Emanuel Schikaneder . The work is in the form of a Singspiel , a popular form that included both singing and spoken dialogue . The work premiered on 30 September 1791 at Schikaneder 's theatre , the Freihaus - Theater auf der Wieden in Vienna , just two months before the composer 's premature death . Document [1](Title: The Magic Flute) isolated exceptions, modern productions strongly reflect the creative preferences of the stage director. "The Magic Flute" is presently among the most frequently performed of all operas. On 28 December 1791, three and a half weeks after Mozart's death, his widow Constanze offered to send a manuscript score of "The Magic Flute" to the electoral court in Bonn. Nikolaus Simrock published this text in the first full-score edition (Bonn, 1814), claiming that it was "in accordance with Mozart's own wishes" ("Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung", 13 September 1815). "The Magic Flute" is noted for its prominent Masonic elements, although some scholars hold that Document [2](Title: Herbert Graf) replacing Arié; 1956 with Dimitri Mitropoulos conducting), Gottlob Frick replacing Ernster, Léopold Simoneau replacing Dermota, Lisa Della Casa replacing Schwarzkopf, Fernando Corena replacing Edelmann, Rita Streich replacing Berger) an equally legendary "The Magic Flute" conducted by Georg Solti and designed by Oskar Kokoschka (1955, cast included Gottlob Frick, Dermota, Schöffler, Kunz, Grümmer, Erika Köth, Peter Klein; revival in 1956 with Berry replacing Kunz); "Elektra" (1957, conducted by Mitropoulos, with Inge Borkh, Della Casa, Jean Madeira, Max Lorenz, Kurt Böhme), "Simon Boccanegra" (1961, with Gianandrea Gavazzeni conducting, with Tito Gobbi, Leyla Gencer, Giorgio Tozzi, Rolando Panerai), and finally "La rappresentazione di Document [3](Title: Alfons Rosenberg) "The Magic Flute - History and Interpretation of Mozart's Opera") and "Don Giovanni - Mozarts Oper und Don Juans Gestalt" (1968, "Don Giovanni - Mozart's Opera and the Don Juan Figure") as well as in some shorter works, he made major contributions to the understanding of the symbolism of Mozart's operas. In his little book "Die Zauberflöte und die Geheimwissenshaften" (1972, "The Magic Flute and the Secret Sciences"), immediately after quoting the telling words of Ludwig Börne, "Mozart's music reflects back everyone's own and present feelings like a mirror, but somewhat ennobled; we recognise in it the poetry of existence", Document [4](Title: Emanuel Schikaneder) his troupe mounted a concert performance of Mozart's "La clemenza di Tito" in 1798, he wrote in the program: Mozart's work is beyond all praise. One feels only too keenly, on hearing this or any other of his music, what the Art has lost in him. Schikaneder's career continued in the same theater during the years that followed "The Magic Flute". He continued to write works in which he played the main role and which achieved popular success. These included collaborations with other composers of the time: "Der Spiegel von Arkadien" with Mozart's assistant Franz Xaver Süssmayr, "Der Tyroler Wastel" Document [5](Title: Magic Flute Diaries) Toronto opera company, Opera Atelier, partnered with Sullivan Entertainment for the production, providing costumes, crew and cast. Opera Atelier co-Artistic Directors Marshall Pynkoski and Jeannette Zingg were choreographers for dance numbers in the film. Pynkoski also played the role of the opera director in the film. Magic Flute Diaries Magic Flute Diaries is a film inspired by Mozart's classic opera, "The Magic Flute". It does "not" use the plot of the opera. The film was released in 2008 by Sullivan Entertainment. "Magic Flute Diaries" won the award for Best Family Film in the 2008 Staten Island Film Festival. Tom (Warren Document [6](Title: Fritz Wunderlich) Tamino, opposite baritone Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau in the role of Papageno. There is also a live performance of "The Magic Flute" recorded in 1960 at the Salzburg Festival, and several recordings as Belmonte in "Die Entführung aus dem Serail". Recordings also exist of lesser-known Mozart operas such as "Zaide" and "La finta giardiniera" Wunderlich's crystal-clear voice, exquisite diction, and intelligent but passionate interpretation also led him to impressive renditions of the lieder cycles of Schubert and Schumann with pianist , who was also his artistic mentor. His famous recording of Schumann's "Dichterliebe" remains a gold standard of this genre. Many tenors Document [7](Title: Keyboard glockenspiel) Keyboard glockenspiel The keyboard glockenspiel (French: "jeu de timbre") or organ glockenspiel is an instrument consisting of a glockenspiel operated by a piano keyboard. It was first used by George Frideric Handel in the oratorio "Saul" (1739). It was also used in the 1739 revivals of his "Il Trionfo del Tempo" and "Acis and Galatea", and the next year in "L'Allegro, il Penseroso ed il Moderato". Half a century later, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart employed a "strumento d’acciaio" in "The Magic Flute" (1791) to represent Papageno's magic bells, and this instrument is believed to have been a keyboard glockenspiel. This part Question: what type of opera is the magic flute Answer:
Singspiel
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: History of clothing in India) Indians have mainly worn clothing made up of locally grown cotton . India was the one of the first places where cotton was cultivated and used even as early as 2500 BC during the Harappan era . The remnants of the ancient Indian clothing can be found in the figurines discovered from the sites near the Indus Valley Civilisation , the rock cut sculptures , the cave paintings , and human art forms found in temples and monuments . These scriptures view the figures of human wearing the clothes which can be wrapped around the body . Taking the instances of the sari to that of turban and the dhoti , the traditional Indian wears were mostly tied around the body in various ways . The clothing system was also related to the social and economic status of the person . The upper classes of the society wore fine muslin garments and silk fabrics while the common classes wore garments made up of locally made fabrics . For instance , women from rich families wore clothes ( sari specifically ) made up of silk from China , but the common women wore sari made up of cotton or local fabrics . The Indus civilisation knew the process of silk production . Recent analysis of Harappan silk fibres in beads have shown that silk was made by the process of reeling , the art known only to China till the early centuries AD . Document [1](Title: Women in Hinduism) of the upper excess length of the "Dhoti". Greek records left by those who came to India with Alexander the Great mention that head and neck ornaments, ear rings, wrist and ankle ornaments were commonly worn by women. Usually, the sari consists of a piece of cloth around 6 yards long, wrapped distinctly based on the prior mentioned factors. The choice of the quality and sophistication of the cloth is dependent on the income and affordability. Women across economic groups in colonial era, for example, wore a single piece of cloth in hot and humid Bengal. It was called "Kapod" Document [2](Title: History of clothing and textiles) civilizations of the world, actually wore. Any cloth that might have been worn has long since disintegrated and we have not yet been able to decipher the Indus script. However, historians and archaeologists have managed to piece together some bits of information from clues found in sculptures and figurines. Terracotta figurines uncovered at Mehrgarh show a male figure wearing what is commonly interpreted to be a turban; female figurines depict women with elaborate headdress and intricate hairstyles. In certain cases, these headdresses have led historians to attach a religious connotation to the figurines and to the interpret the headdresses as Document [3](Title: Indian people) ancient India to other parts of the world along with Indian spices and Wootz steel. Traditional Indian clothing greatly varies across different parts of the country and is influenced by local culture, geography and climate. Women traditionally wear Sari, Gagra Choli, Angarkha, Phiran, Shalwar Kameez, Gharara and Bandi with Dupatta or Ghoonghat worn over head or shoulder to complete the outfit. Men traditionally wear Angarkha, Achkan, Kurta, Kameez, Phiran, Sherwani and Koti for upper garment, lower garment includes Dhoti, Churidar, Shalwar, and Lungi. Pagri is usually worn around head to complete the outfit. In urban centres, people often wear western Document [4](Title: Silk in the Indian subcontinent) woven in Pakistan. This fabric is widely used in that country for bridal and special occasion outfits. The texture and weave of patterns is such that the fabric often gets caught when rubbed against rough surfaces (metallic embroidery, jewellery etc.) it must therefore be handled delicately when worn. Traders introduced this Chinese silk cloth to India, mainly from Samarkand and Bukhara and it gained immense popularity among the royalty and the aristocracy. King and nobles bought the woven fabric by the yard, wearing it as a gown or using it as a wrap or shawl. Jamawar weaving centres in India Document [5](Title: Mojari) artisans, products vary in designs and colours. It encapsules cultural diversity, local ethos and ethnicity. It is believed that one of the earliest examples of footwear worn on the Indian subcontinent is a sandal of wood, datable to circa 200 BC. During the 3rd and 4th Centuries in the Buddhist period, it was quite common to wear strapped sandals, and Indian kings wore sandals ornamented with precious jewels. Jaina literature shows that leather was used for the making of shoes, which protected the toes from getting injured. Hides of cows, buffaloes, goats, sheep and other wild animals were used. The Document [6](Title: Pashmina) India, and the chyangara or Nepalese pashmina goat from Nepal. Often shawls called "shahmina" are made from this material in Kashmir and Nepal; these shawls are hand spun and woven from the very fine cashmere fibre. Woven shawls in South Asia have been worn as early as the Indus Valley Civilisation. A famous example is the statue of a priest-king found at Mohenjo-Daro, who is draped in a shawl decorated with trefoil patterns. Woolen shawls made in Kashmir are mentioned in Afghan texts between the 3rd century BC and the 11th century AD. However, the founder of the pashmina industry Document [7](Title: History of Shaktism) Pradesh, they are similar to stones still worshiped as Devi by tribal groups in the area. Moreover, they "may demonstrate connections to the later Tantric use of "yantras", in which triangles manifest a vital symbolism connected with fertility." Thousands of female statuettes dated as early as c. 5500 BCE have been recovered at Mehrgarh, one of the most important Neolithic sites in world archeology, and a precursor to the great Indus Valley Civilization. In Harappa and Mohenjo-daro, major cities of the Indus valley civilization, female figurines were found in almost all households indicating the presence of cults of goddess worship. Question: what was most of the clothing in the indus valley made from Answer:
locally grown cotton
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Turtle shell) The carapace is the dorsal ( back ) , convex part of the shell structure of a turtle , consisting of the animal 's ossified ribs fused with the dermal bone . The spine and expanded ribs are fused through ossification to dermal plates beneath the skin to form a hard shell . Exterior to the skin the shell is covered by scutes , which are horny plates made of keratin that protect the shell from scrapes and bruises . A keel , a ridge that runs from front to the back of the animal is present in some species , these may be single , paired or even three rows of them . In most turtles the shell is relatively uniform in structure , species variation in general shape and color being the main differences . However the soft shell turtles , pig - nose turtles and the leatherback sea turtle have lost the scutes and reduced the ossification of the shell . This leaves the shell covered only by skin . These are all highly aquatic forms . Document [1](Title: Cheloniidae) turtle or tortoise's shell, is comparably more reduced from other turtle species and is connected to the top part of the shell by ligaments without a hinge separating the pectoral and abdominal plates of the plastron. Sizes among the seven species of sea turtles range from 71-213cm; for example, the smallest turtle species in the family Cheloniidae, the Kemp's Ridley, only has a shell size of about 75 cm and a weight of 50 kg. All species have a distinct hardened shell. Reproductive behaviors among the different species of sea turtles are similar, with slight differences in each of the Document [2](Title: Gulf Coast spiny softshell turtle) in length, with a dark carapace and a small tail that doesn't go beyond the edge of their carapace. Their feet are webbed for swimming, with their toes ending in claws. They often have oxymoronic rings, similar to the featherquill porcupine or rubbertooth shark. Large females can live upwards of 50 years. Gulf coast spiny soft shell turtles inhabit various freshwater sources such as rivers, lakes, marshes, farm ponds, as well as bays of larger lakes. They prefer open habitats with a small amount of vegetation and a sandy or muddy bottom. They require sandy raised nesting areas close to Document [3](Title: Odontochelys) discoverers to mean that "Odontochelys" has some of the most primitive features ever seen in a turtle and is somewhat of a transitional fossil. Some scientists, however, are skeptical of this idea. Evidence that the plastron evolved before the carapace, as indicated by the lack of carapace in "Odontochelys semitestacea", is often viewed as an indication of the aquatic origin of turtles. The fossil was found in marine deposits, further supporting that the primitive turtle frequented shallow marine water. Since it is generally accepted that the shell arose to provide protection against predators, the semi-aquatic nature of turtles and the Document [4](Title: Emydidae) arranged as follows: Emydidae The Emydidae, commonly called terrapins, pond turtles, or marsh turtles, are a family of turtles. Previously, several species of Asian box turtles were classified in the family. However, revised taxonomy has separated them to a different family. Now, the Emydidae, with the exception of two species of pond turtles, are entirely a Western Hemisphere family. The family Emydidae includes close to 50 species in 10 genera. The upper shell (carapace) of most emydids is the shape of a low arch, although in some species, it is domed. The upper shell may have one or two ridges Document [5](Title: Turtle (submersible)) shape of the hull, Gale informed Silas Deane, "has the nearest resemblance to the two upper shells of a Tortoise joined together." Named for its shape, "Turtle" resembled a large clam as much as a turtle; it was about long (according to the original specifications), tall, and about wide, and consisted of two wooden shells covered with tar and reinforced with steel bands. It dived by allowing water into a bilge tank at the bottom of the vessel and ascended by pushing water out through a hand pump. It was propelled vertically and horizontally by hand-cranked propellers. It also had Document [6](Title: Sea butterfly) swim freely in the water, and are carried along with the currents. This has led to a number of adaptations in their bodies. The shell and the gill have disappeared in several families. Their foot has taken the form of two wing-like lobes, or parapodia, which propel the animal through the sea by slow flapping movements. They are rather difficult to observe, since the shell (when present) is mostly colorless, very fragile and usually less than 1 cm in length. Although their shell may be so fine as to be transparent, it is nevertheless calcareous; their shells are bilaterally symmetric Document [7](Title: Sea turtle) considering leatherback tears can have a salt ion concentration almost twice that of other species of marine turtle. Hatchlings depend on drinking sea water immediately upon entering the ocean to replenish water lost during the hatching process. Salt gland functioning begins quickly after hatching, so that the young turtles can establish ion and water balance soon after entering the ocean. Survival and physiological performance hinge on immediate and efficient hydration following emergence from the nest. Most sea turtles (those in family Cheloniidae) are poikilotherms. However the leatherback (family Dermochelyidae) are endotherms because they can maintain a body temperature warmer than Question: the dorsal part of a turtle's shell is called the Answer:
carapace
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Boyzone) Boyzone are an Irish boy band . Their most famous line - up was composed of Keith Duffy , Stephen Gately , Mikey Graham , Ronan Keating , and Shane Lynch . Boyzone have had 21 singles in the top 40 UK charts and 22 singles in the Irish charts . The group have had six UK No. 1 singles and nine No. 1 singles in Ireland with 12 of their 24 singles in the UK being in the UK Top 2 . Boyzone are one of the most successful bands in Ireland and the United Kingdom . In total , Boyzone had 19 top 5 singles on the Irish Singles Chart , 18 top 10 hits on the UK Singles Chart , nine No. 1 Irish hit singles and six No. 1 UK hit singles and five No. 1 albums , with 25 million records sold by 2013 worldwide . Document [1](Title: Brother (Boyzone album)) in the top 75 for 17 weeks and the first single was a number 1 single on the Irish Singles Chart and a top 10 hit on the UK Singles Chart. As of December 2014, "Brother" has sold 394,872 copies in the UK. Credits adapted from the liner notes of "Brother". Brother (Boyzone album) Brother is the fourth studio album by Irish boy band Boyzone, released on 5 March 2010 in Ireland. It is the band's first studio album in 12 years. The album is named in memory of member Stephen Gately, who died in 2009 five months before its Document [2](Title: Where We Belong (album)) Where We Belong (album) Where We Belong is the third studio album by Irish boy band Boyzone. The album was released on 25 May 1998 by Polydor Records. Five singles were released from the album, including a cover version of "I Love the Way You Love Me". The album became a top 10 album in eleven countries. It was the group's first to be released in the United States, where it charted at number 167 on the "Billboard" 200. "Where We Belong" is also the third and final studio album Boyzone released before the death of Stephen Gately, 11 years Document [3](Title: Michael Graham (singer)) Michael Graham (singer) Michael Christopher Charles "Mikey" Graham (born 15 August 1972) is an Irish singer-songwriter, actor and record producer, best known as a member of boy band Boyzone. In 2010 he was a contestant on "Dancing on Ice". The youngest of seven children, Graham was born to housewife Sheila and carpenter William, and raised on the Northside of Dublin with five older sisters and one older brother. He attended Billie Barry Stage School in Dublin and started his life in the public eye at an early age, appearing in television adverts for Mikado biscuits and the Irish Electricity Board, Document [4](Title: Thank You & Goodnight) the Thank You & Goodnight Tour to promote the album, which is also set to be their last tour. Notes Thank You & Goodnight Thank You & Goodnight is the seventh and final studio album by Irish boy band Boyzone, which was released on 16 November 2018. In December 2017, it was announced that the album had been finalised and was ready for release in 2018. In April 2018, it was confirmed that Boyzone would release a new studio album and will tour the UK in 2019 with arena shows. Keith Duffy announced in March 2017 that Boyzone had a Document [5](Title: Battleground (album)) the battle of the boybands a touch too seriously, much to their credit they come out the other side largely unscathed." David Griffiths wrote for 4Music that "it's an album which wisely leaves the listener wanting more and suggests that this is a band with a very bright future." Matthew Horton wrote a mixed review for Virgin Media that "It's a curiously bloodless affair though, with none of the boys yet to establish an identity, and too much sails past without leaving an impression." The album debuted at number 4 in Ireland, becoming their first top ten album in the Document [6](Title: Youth Novels) February 2008, behind Johnny Logan & Friends' "The Irish Connection" and Van Morrison's "Still on Top – The Greatest Hits". It spent 20 non-consecutive weeks altogether on the chart, including four re-entries in 2008 and one on 30 January 2009. The album charted for a sole week in both the United Kingdom and Ireland, reaching numbers 112 and 75, respectively. In continental Europe, "Youth Novels" reached number 36 in Norway, number 56 in Belgium, number 75 in the Netherlands and number 143 in France. It also peaked at number 18 on "Billboard"s Top Heatseekers in the United States, and at Document [7](Title: The Boy Is Mine (album)) seller to date, it became a moderate success outside the United States, peaking within the top twenty in France, Japan, the Netherlands, New Zealand, and Switzerland. Five commercial singles were released from the album. Lead single "The Boy Is Mine", a duet with singer Brandy, became the best-selling song of the year in the United States, spending 13 weeks on top of the US "Billboard" Hot 100, while peaking at number one in Canada, the Netherlands and New Zealand. "The First Night" and "Angel of Mine", released as the album's second and third single respectively, also became chart toppers on Question: how many uk number ones has boyzone had Answer:
six
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Jai Jawan Jai Kisan) Jai Jawan Jai Kisan ( '' English : Hail the Soldier , Hail the Farmer '' ) was a slogan of the second Prime Minister of India Lal Bahadur Shastri in 1965 at a public gathering at Ramlila Maidan , Delhi . Document [1](Title: Dabra, Rajasthan) Kisans. The Marwar Kisan Sabha held its annual session in 1943 where Chowdhary Sir Chhotu Ram then Revenue Minister in Punjab, was invited as the Chief Guest. The Main Resolution among others that was settlement operations in the Jagir areas which was vehemently opposed by the leading Jagirdars. The ongoing Kisan agitation finally culminated in what is known as "Dabra Kand’ a veritable Jallianwalla Bagh. The peasant movement which was being organised by the Marwar Kisan Sabha and the Marwar Lok Parishad jointly was a parallel movement to that of the national movement going on in British India whose aims Document [2](Title: Aye Mere Watan Ke Logo) song. If he was there, he would have seen with his own eyes what impact 'Ae mere watan ke logo' had," Lata told. The song was first performed live on 27 January 1963, by Lata Mangeshkar at an event at the National Stadium in New Delhi in the presence of President S. Radhakrishnan and Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, on account of Republic Day (26 January) 1963, which was just two months after the end of the war. Mangeshkar sang two songs at the event, opening with the "bhajan" (devotional song) "Allah tero naam" followed by "Ae mere watan ke logon". Document [3](Title: Early 2011 Telangana protests) different directions and outnumbered the police. The protestors uprooted barricades put up on both ends of the road, and by 3 pm thousands of protestors were gathered. Telangana agitators pretended to perform ‘marriages’ in the Arya Samaj building to slip into the Lower Tank Bund. BJP leader and Doctor J Bapu Reddy, along with four of his followers, travelled in an ambulance from Nizamabad to Hyderabad through the checkpoints to attend the march by informing the police that a "seriously ill patient" was being taken to hospital in Hyderabad. Protestors raised slogans of 'Jai Telangana', sang pro-Telangana songs, and played Document [4](Title: Fateh Singh Ke Jathe Singh) Fateh Singh Ke Jathe Singh Fateh Singh Ke Jathe Singh (Troop of Fateh Singh) is a saying of Khalsa that came from a discussion between Sahibzada Fateh Singh with Wazir Khan and his ministers at Sirhind Court. This saying was used by the 12th Head of Budha Dal, Jathedar Baba Chet Singh Nihang Singh. The saying expresses the authority of preaching of Sikh religion by Fateh Singh "troops". The saying is common among Nihang Sikhs, but not common among other Sikhs. At Sirhind Court, Minister Sucha Nand asked Zorawar Singh and Fateh Singh what they would do if their father Document [5](Title: Manohar Lal Khattar) publicly declared that his government will build a memorial to mark the sacrifice of Garud Commando Gursewak Singh, who was killed in a terrorist attack in Pathankot. Manohar Lal Khattar Manohar Lal Khattar (born 5 May 1954) is a Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) politician, is the 10th Chief Minister of Haryana. He is a former RSS pracharak. He represents Karnal constituency in Haryana Legislative Assembly, and was sworn-in as Chief Minister of Haryana after BJP's win in the Haryana Legislative Assembly election, 2014. Khattar belongs to Punjabi Khatri caste. Khattar was born in 1954 in Nindana village of Meham Chobisi Document [6](Title: Kesari Singh Barahath) of his friends in Wardha. Kesari Singh, A revolutionary poet who gave his all for the freedom of nation took his last breath on 14 August 1941 . Kesari Singh Barahath Kesari Singh Barahath (केसरी सिंह बारहठ) was a Rajasthani poet and freedom fighter of Rajasthan. He was from the charan,family of the Indian state Rajasthan. Pratap Singh Baharat, his son, was also an Indian revolutionary. He born on 21 November 1872 to Krishna Singh Barahath in Devpura village of Shahpura riyasat. His mother died in his childhood. He got his education in Udaipur. He learned Bengali, Marathi, Gujarati, Sanskrit Document [7](Title: Periyar E. V. Ramasamy) of Tamilnadu praises him. Why should this be so? Supposedly because he sang fulsome praises of Tamil and Tamilnadu. What else could he sing? His own mother tongue, Sanskrit, has been dead for years. What other language did he know? He cannot sing in Sanskrit. … He says Tamilnadu is the land of Aryas." In the Vaikom Satyagraha of 1924, Periyar and Gandhi ji both cooperated and confronted each other in socio-political action. Periyar and his followers emphasised the difference in point of view between Gandhi and himself on the social issues, such as fighting the Untouchability Laws and eradication Question: who gave the famous slogan jai jawan jai kisan Answer:
Lal Bahadur Shastri
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Lost in Space (2018 TV series)) Production on the first season began in January 2017 , in Vancouver , British Columbia , and concluded in June 2017 . Document [1](Title: A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series)) Charles, Sir's partner. Production began in May 2016 in Vancouver, British Columbia, and in August 2016 several cast members expressed through social media that filming had finished. Filming for the second season began in April 2017. The third season began filming on January 5, 2018. One aspect of the series of books that the production team wanted to be captured in the series was the notion of a lack of specific time period or geography for the settings; Handler stated that he wrote enough for establishing set pieces, but purposely left more specific details vague "in order for young readers Document [2](Title: 18 to Life) set in Montreal, Quebec. The series was originally announced in 2008 as a co-production between CBC and the American television network ABC, although ABC later dropped out of the production. The pilot was filmed in 2008 and the rest of the first season was filmed in the summer of 2009. The CW, another U.S. network, had interest in the series and announced on July 15, 2010 that it would pick up the show. Season 2 was filmed in the summer of 2010 and returned to CBC on January 3, 2011, with 13 new episodes. CBC has officially canceled the show Document [3](Title: Homeland (TV series)) June through November 2014 in Cape Town, South Africa, while the fifth season moved production to Berlin, Germany. The sixth season began production in August 2016 and filmed in New York City and Morocco. The seventh season began production on September 11, 2017, and primarily filmed in Richmond, Virginia. Additional filming for season seven occurred in Budapest, Hungary, for episodes 11 and 12. Since the conclusion of season 2, several pieces of in-universe material have been published. The first season received near universal acclaim. Metacritic gave it a rating of 92 out of 100 based on 29 critics. "TV Guide" Document [4](Title: The Strangers: Prey at Night) Filming began in June 2017 in Covington , Kentucky , and concluded on July 10 , 2017 . Document [5](Title: List of Attack on Titan episodes) Season Episodes Originally aired First aired Last aired 25 April 7 , 2013 ( 2013 - 04 - 07 ) September 29 , 2013 ( 2013 - 09 - 29 ) 12 April 1 , 2017 ( 2017 - 04 - 01 ) June 17 , 2017 ( 2017 - 06 - 17 ) 12 July 23 , 2018 ( 2018 - 07 - 23 ) TBA Document [6](Title: Yellowstone (U.S. TV series)) also houses offices, editing, a huge wardrobe department and construction shops. By November 2017, the series had filmed in more than twenty locations in Utah, including the Salt Flats and Spanish Fork. Additionally, filming also took place at various locations in Montana. Production was reportedly set to last until December 2017. The series' score was composed by Brian Tyler who worked with musicians from the London Philharmonia Orchestra and viola, cello, and violin soloists. On August 17, 2018, the soundtrack for the first season was released by Sony Music. On February 28, 2018, a teaser trailer for the series was Document [7](Title: List of Wynonna Earp episodes) Season Episodes Originally aired First aired Last aired 13 April 1 , 2016 ( 2016 - 04 - 01 ) June 24 , 2016 ( 2016 - 06 - 24 ) 12 June 9 , 2017 ( 2017 - 06 - 09 ) August 25 , 2017 ( 2017 - 08 - 25 ) Question: where is the new lost in space tv series filmed Answer:
Vancouver , British Columbia
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: I Can't Make You Love Me) '' I Ca n't Make You Love Me '' is a song written by Mike Reid and Allen Shamblin and recorded by American singer Bonnie Raitt for her eleventh studio album Luck of the Draw ( 1991 ) . Released as the album 's third single in 1991 , '' I Ca n't Make You Love Me '' became one of Raitt 's most successful singles , reaching the top - twenty on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and the top - ten on the Adult Contemporary . Document [1](Title: I Can't Make You Love Me) great, so much that it's almost unbelievable it is Priyanka Chopra. The number is definitely foot-tapping and you're going to be hearing this one at every restaurant and club in the days to come" and added that Chopra had "definitely done a great job recreating the Bonnie Ratt song". I Can't Make You Love Me "I Can't Make You Love Me" is a song written by Mike Reid and Allen Shamblin and recorded by American singer Bonnie Raitt for her eleventh studio album "Luck of the Draw" (1991). Released as the album's third single in 1991, "I Can't Make You Document [2](Title: I Can't Make You Love Me) Time list. The song is ranked at number 339 on the "Rolling Stone" magazine's list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. On 27 November 2016, the Grammy Hall of Fame announced its induction, along with that of another 24 songs. "I Can't Make You Love Me" was written by Nashville writers Mike Reid and Allen Shamblin, who were well-noted for their successes in the country music arena. The song was rewritten many times before being finalized, months later. "We wrote, most every week, in Mike's basement," Shamblin told Peter Cooper in an interview with the Nashville Tennessean. "And Document [3](Title: I Can't Make You Love Me) a very beautiful song. And with our sound, we gave it an R&B twist. It's always been a favorite of ours, and we hope people will fall in love with it again." A writer for "Soul Bounce" wrote that "The biggest surprise on this album is the bluesy interpretation of Bonnie Rait's country hit, 'I Can't Make You Love Me.' Starting with strong lyrics and a deep fried instrumental, the Boyz make this song their own with their unique flow providing good contrast to a familiar melodic line." "Los Angeles Theatre" called it an "impassioned" performance. On the charts, the Document [4](Title: I Can't Make You Love Me) original by Raitt, saying that "Chopra's more uptempo take on the song is more likely to connect with a generation of ravers with no idea of the song's origin" The up-tempo version was demoed by American singer Ester Dean at the request of Interscope Records chairman Jimmy Iovine. It was released on 22 April 2014, by DesiHits, in association with 2101 Records and Interscope Records. It is the third internationally released single following "In My City" (featuring will.i.am), which failed to achieve airplay in the United States, and "Exotic". In the United Kingdom, "I Can't Make You Love Me" was Document [5](Title: You Make Loving Fun) You Make Loving Fun "You Make Loving Fun" is a song written and sung by Christine McVie of the British-American band Fleetwood Mac. It was released as the fourth and final 45 rpm single from the band's album "Rumours" in 1977; its fourth top-ten hit, the song peaked at number nine on the "Billboard" Hot 100. The song was inspired by an affair McVie had with the band's lighting director, Curry Grant. "To avoid flare-ups", she told her then-husband John McVie that the song was about her dog; he found out later what it was really about. On the American Document [6](Title: Don't Say You Love Me (Erasure song)) UK Singles Chart, peaking at number fifteen. In Germany, the single hit number sixty-nine. Don't Say You Love Me (Erasure song) "Don't Say You Love Me" is a song written, produced and performed by Erasure (Vince Clarke and Andy Bell). The track was released by Mute Records as the second single from the duo's eleventh studio album "Nightbird". Although essentially a synthpop song, "Don't Say You Love Me" had elements of doo-wop and girl group influences in its rhythm and lyrical structure. The song was remixed twice by Jeremy Wheatley when released as a single, one which gave the song Document [7](Title: Love Me (Lil Wayne song)) Love Me (Lil Wayne song) "Love Me" is a song by American rapper Lil Wayne featuring Drake and Future for his tenth studio album "I Am Not a Human Being II". It was released on January 18, 2013, by Young Money Entertainment, Cash Money Records, and Republic Records as the third single from the project. The song was produced by Mike WiLL Made It, with songwriting by Lil Wayne, Drake, Future, and Asheton Hogan. It also appeared for free download on the Rich Gang mixtape "Rich Gang: Allstars". The song became a top ten hit, peaking at number nine on Question: who recorded i can't make you love me Answer:
Bonnie Raitt
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Cape to Cairo Railway) The Cape to Cairo Railway is an uncompleted project to cross Africa from south to north by rail . This plan was initiated at the end of the 19th century , during the time of Western colonial rule , largely under the vision of Cecil Rhodes , in the attempt to connect adjacent African possessions of the British Empire through a continuous line from Cape Town , South Africa to Cairo , Egypt . While most sections of the Cape to Cairo railway are in operation , a major part is missing between northern Sudan and Uganda . Document [1](Title: Company rule in Rhodesia) the river, but endured until the end of Company rule. Chief among the endeavours pursued by the Company during its early years were the construction of railroads and telegraph wires across the territory it governed. These respective arteries of transport and communication, vital both for the successful development of the new country and for the realisation of Rhodes's Cape to Cairo dream, were laid across the previously bare Rhodesian landscape with great speed. Strategically planned, the railways were not intended or expected to turn a profit during their early years; their construction was largely subsidised by the Company. The telegraph Document [2](Title: Second Boer War) imposing taxes on the gold industry and by introducing controls through licensing, tariffs and administrative requirements. Among the issues giving rise to tension between the Transvaal government on the one hand and the uitlanders and British interests on the other, were British imperial interests were alarmed when in 1894–95 Kruger proposed building a railway through Portuguese East Africa to Delagoa Bay, bypassing British controlled ports in Natal and Cape Town and avoiding British tariffs. At the time the Prime Minister of the Cape Colony was Cecil Rhodes, a man driven by a vision of a British controlled Africa extending from Document [3](Title: Mulobezi Railway) early 1920s the forests near the river were used up. They extended three hundred kilometres north-west and so the railway was constructed into them from 1923 or 1924 onwards using wrought iron rails which had originally been used for the first railway in southern Africa, the 1861 Cape Town-Wellington line. From Livingstone, where it branches off the Bulawayo-Livingstone-Lusaka main line, the branch line extends about 166 km north-west to Mulobezi. British-built steam locomotives were purchased from Rhodesia Railways (4-8-0 Class VII, VIII and X) in 1924-6. They were converted to burn sawmill waste. As well as wagons to carry the Document [4](Title: Fashoda Incident) political force Cecil Rhodes, who wanted Africa "painted [British] Red". If one draws a line from Cape Town to Cairo (Rhodes' dream) and another line from Dakar to French Somaliland (now Djibouti) by the Red Sea in the Horn (the French ambition), these two lines intersect in eastern South Sudan near the town of Fashoda (present-day Kodok), explaining its strategic importance. The French east-west axis and the British north-south axis could not co-exist; the nation that could occupy and hold the crossing of the two axes would be the only one able to proceed with its plan. Fashoda was also Document [5](Title: TransAfricaRail) Zambia. This was completed in 1975 with financing from the People's Republic of China. TransAfricaRail TransAfricaRail is a proposal dated 2009 to use raw materials of African countries to build a railway network from Sudan in the east to Cameroon in the west. The line would go via landlocked and rail-less Central African Republic. The following proposal is a bit older and somewhat similar. 2006 "It will take only 48 hours to transport goods between the Red Sea and the Atlantic Ocean using a double-stack container carrying express train at an average speed of 150 km/h". A similar project is Document [6](Title: History of rail transport in Mozambique) a contract for the construction of the Beira Railway, which was to link the Mozambican port of Beira with the then Salisbury in Rhodesia - today Harare in Zimbabwe. By 1900, this line was in service, in gauge (Cape gauge) throughout. The Gaza Railway was a railway operating in southern Mozambique from Xai-Xai (former Villa de Joäo Belo) via Manjacaze junction with branches to Chicomo and Mauela. It was constructed in the early 1900s At the beginning of the twentieth century, the railway network of Mozambique was expanded. From 1903, a long line was built from Lourenço Marques to Goba, Document [7](Title: Natal Railway 0-4-0WT Natal) Natal Railway Company in 1865, a saddle-tank locomotive named "Durban". By 25 January 1867, the line had only been extended a further to Umgeni, from where stone, quarried from the Umgeni River, was transported to the harbour. No further railway development took place in Natal until 1875, when the Natal Government Railways (NGR) was established. On 1 January 1877, all the assets of the Natal Railway Company were taken over by the Colonial Government and it became part of the NGR. Since the Government had decided to implement Cape gauge, in conformance with the railways in the Cape of Good Question: who wanted to create a railroad from cape town to cairo Answer:
Cecil Rhodes
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Paige Matthews) Paige Matthews Charmed character First appearance October 4 , 2001 ( episode 4.01 ; '' Charmed Again ( Part 1 ) '' ) Last appearance May 21 , 2006 ( episode 8.22 ; '' Forever Charmed '' Created by Brad Kern Portrayed by Rose McGowan Information Aliases Jo Bennett Spouse ( s ) Henry Mitchell Children Tamora Mitchell Kat Mitchell Henry Mitchell Jr . Species Charmed One Witch Whitelighter Notable powers Telekinetic Orbing Whitelighter powers Orb - Shield Extended Family Grandparents Penny Halliwell ( grandmother ; deceased ) Allen Halliwell ( grandfather ; deceased ) Parents Patty Halliwell ( mother ; deceased ) Sam Wilder ( father ) Mr. and Mrs. Matthews ( adoptive parents ; deceased ) Siblings Prue Halliwell ( half - sister ; deceased ) Piper Halliwell ( half - sister ) Phoebe Halliwell ( half - sister ) Other Relatives Melinda Warren ( ancestor ) Charlotte Warren ( ancestor ) Document [1](Title: Christy Jenkins) "Charmed" for an eighth season on condition that it incorporated new characters that could either sustain a ninth season or lead to a spin-off series. The WB reached this decision after the show's three lead actors lead actors Alyssa Milano, Holly Marie Combs, and Rose McGowan choose to not renew their contracts for future seasons. Executive producer Brad Kern scripted the sisterhood between Christy and Billie Jenkins as a way to preserve the series' focus on family. Kern said the inclusion of Patterson and Cuoco as Christy and Billie Jenkins was done to "take the series out the way it Document [2](Title: Paige Matthews) Paige marries a human parole officer named Henry Mitchell (Ivan Sergei). The character was mostly well received by television critics, who complimented Paige's personality and felt that McGowan was the right choice for the role. McGowan won the Family Television Award for Favorite Sister in 2005 for her portrayal of Paige. In 2007, AOL TV ranked Paige at number 13 on their list of the Top TV Witches, the lowest of the four sisters. In addition to the television series, the character has also appeared in numerous expanded universe material, such as the "Charmed" novels and its comic book adaptation. Document [3](Title: Paige Matthews) the Hexes", introduces Paige to parole officer Henry Mitchell (Ivan Sergei). After a courtship, which involves Henry discovering Paige's secret identity as a witch and whitelighter, the couple get married in the episode "Engaged and Confused". Later in the season, Paige discovers that her charge Billie and her sister, Christy Jenkins (Marnette Patterson) are the ultimate power The Charmed Ones must defeat to save Leo from the Angel of Death (Simon Templeman), but she has reservations because the women are human and not demons. In the end, Paige willingly participates in the ultimate battle between The Charmed Ones and the Document [4](Title: Christy Jenkins) Christy Jenkins Christy Jenkins is a fictional character from the American television supernatural drama "Charmed", which aired on The WB Television Network (The WB) from 1998 to 2006. The character was created by executive producer Brad Kern and was portrayed by actress Marnette Patterson. Developed in response to the WB's request for a new character, Christy was originally planned to expand the show in a new direction for a possible ninth season or spin-off. It was later confirmed that all future plans for the show were cancelled following the WB's closure to launch The CW. Introduced as Billie Jenkins's long-lost Document [5](Title: Phoebe Halliwell) Bynes) recalls watching an episode of "Charmed" on The WB where Milano "was about to cast a spell on her cute demon boyfriend." In his review of the television series "Witches of East End" being too similar to "Charmed", Christian Cintron of Hollywood.com noted that Jenna Dewan-Tatum's "ne'er-do-well, bed-hopping character" Freya Beauchamp is a lot like Phoebe. Phoebe Halliwell Phoebe Halliwell is a fictional character from the American television series "Charmed", played by Alyssa Milano from October 7, 1998 until May 21, 2006. The character was originally played by Lori Rom in the unaired pilot episode. However, Rom quit the Document [6](Title: Billie Jenkins) further canonical appearances in the comic books "Charmed: Season 9" and "" as a friend to the sisters and is referenced in one of the novels. Critical response to Billie was mixed; some critics felt that she was a strong addition to "Charmed" while others cited Cuoco's acting and the character's story arc with Christy as signs of the show's declining quality. After speculation about Billie's possible appearance in a spin-off series, it was confirmed all future plans for the show were canceled following The WB's closure to launch The CW. Cuoco later said that she prefers working on sitcoms Document [7](Title: Christy Jenkins) them "the gruesome twosome". Hetherington opined that the Jenkins sisters were disappointing villains for the show's final season compared to Gideon (Gildart Jackson) and Zankou (Oded Fehr) from season six and season seven respectively. Langmead regarded the familial relationship as weaker than those already explored by the show. Christy Jenkins Christy Jenkins is a fictional character from the American television supernatural drama "Charmed", which aired on The WB Television Network (The WB) from 1998 to 2006. The character was created by executive producer Brad Kern and was portrayed by actress Marnette Patterson. Developed in response to the WB's request for Question: who does paige end up with on charmed Answer:
Henry Mitchell
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Measurement of land in Punjab) 4 . 160 Marlas or 8 Kanals 4839.99998 Sq. yds. say 4840 Sq. yds. ( 1 acre or 1 killa ) Document [1](Title: Acre) Prairie Provinces and the US Midwest are on square-mile grids for surveying purposes. Acre The acre is a unit of land area used in the imperial and US customary systems. It is traditionally defined as the area of one chain by one furlong (66 by 660 feet), which is exactly equal to 10 square chains, of a square mile, or 43,560 square feet, and approximately 4,047 m, or about 40% of a hectare. The acre is a statute measure in the United States and was formerly one in the United Kingdom and almost all countries of the former British Empire, Document [2](Title: Acre) Acre The acre is a unit of land area used in the imperial and US customary systems. It is traditionally defined as the area of one chain by one furlong (66 by 660 feet), which is exactly equal to 10 square chains, of a square mile, or 43,560 square feet, and approximately 4,047 m, or about 40% of a hectare. The acre is a statute measure in the United States and was formerly one in the United Kingdom and almost all countries of the former British Empire, although informal use continues. The international symbol of the acre is ac. In Document [3](Title: Lambardar) the permissible area to the set limit (e.g. to 7.25 hectares in Punjab) of land under assured irrigation capable of growing at least 1 crop in a year or 21.8 hectares in respect of any other land including banjar and land under orchards. In addition to legally capping the amount land holding by the government, the voluntary Bhoodan movement of 1950s and 60s also led to the donation of the land ownership from rich owners to the landless tenants. Government also undertook aggressive land consolidation and standardization of "killa" (agricultural plots of one acre each). In India, each state has Document [4](Title: Khejuri II) land holding in Purba Medinipur, in 2005-06, was 0.73 hectares against 1.01 hectares in West Bengal. In 2013-14, the total area irrigated in Khejuri II CD Block was 4,728 hectares, out of which 60 hectares were irrigated by canal water, 3,265 hectares by tank water (there were 14,155 tanks in Khejuri II CD Block), 1,360 hectares by deep tube well, 18 hectares by shallow tube well and 25 hectares by other means. In 2003-04 net area sown in Khejuri II CD Block was 10,647 hectares and the area in which more than one crop was grown was 2,215 hectares. Although Document [5](Title: Kanksa (community development block)) labourers 49.11%. In 2003-04 net cropped area in Kanksa CD Block was 11,613 hectares and the area in which more than one crop was grown was 5,268 hectares. In 2013-14, Kanksa CD Block produced 30,815 tonnes of Aman paddy, the main winter crop from 10,211 hectares, 862 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 237 hectares, 380 tonnes of wheat from 120 hectares, 10,825 tonnes of potatoes from 413 hectares and 120 tonnes of sugarcane from 2 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds. In 2013-14, the total area irrigated in Kanksa CD Block was 1,473.03 hectares, out of which Document [6](Title: Indas (community development block)) 21.83% and agricultural labourers 57.55%. In 2003-04 net area sown Indas CD Block was 20,482 hectares and the area in which more than one crop was grown was 7,400 hectares. In 2013-14, the total area irrigated in Indas CD Block was 20,803 hectares, out of which 13,001 hectares was by canal water, 200 hectares by tank water, 420 hectares by river lift irrigation, 538 hectares by deep tube well and 6,644 hectares by shallow tubewell. In 2013-14, Indas CD Block produced 3,726 tonnes of Aman paddy, the main winter crop, from 1,646 hectares, 4,380 tonnes of Aus paddy from 1,853 Document [7](Title: Busswil bei Büren) or 19.7% is settled (buildings or roads), or 0.7% is either rivers or lakes and or 0.3% is unproductive land. Of the built up area, industrial buildings make up 2.0% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 8.9% and transportation infrastructure made up 7.5%. 28.2% of the total land area is heavily forested with oak, birch and beech trees but sadly much of this will be destroyed by the politically influential Vigier Beton gravel and sand company who are extending the area of their excavations. Of the agricultural land, 44.6% is used for growing crops and 5.6% Question: how many kanals in one acre in pakistan Answer:
8
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: World Heart Federation) About World Heart Day 2016 World Heart Day was founded in 2000 to inform people around the globe that heart disease and stroke are the world 's leading causes of death , claiming 17.5 million lives each year . World Heart Day takes place on 29 September every year . The theme of this year is power your life - we want everyone to understand what they can do to fuel their hearts and power their lives . We are also calling on global governments and policy makers to implement reliable , simple and fit - for - purpose surveillance systems for monitoring the burden and treatment of cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) . This World Heart Day we 've joined forces with Bupa and Philips to make World Heart Day more powerful than ever . With their support , we are raising awareness and encouraging individuals , families , communities and governments to take action and help us to achieve our goal of a 25 % reduction in premature deaths from CVD by 2025 . Together , we aim to help people everywhere to live longer , better , heart - healthy lives . For more information about World Heart Day 2016 including access to the campaign materials visit the website . Document [1](Title: World Heart Federation) Congress took place in Mexico City. The first true World Congress was held in 1950. The first World Congress of Cardiology was convened in Paris in September 1950 under the aegis of the International Society of Cardiology, which had itself been founded four years previously. Subsequent congresses were held at four-year intervals until 2006; since then, they have been held at two-year intervals. "World Heart Day" was founded in 2000 to inform people around the globe that heart disease and stroke are the world’s leading causes of death. World Heart Federation The World Heart Federation (WHF) is a nongovernmental organization Document [2](Title: World Health Day) treatment. The WHO estimates about 422 million people in the world have diabetes, with the disease the direct cause of some 1.5 million deaths. The goals of WHD 2016 are (1) scale up prevention, (2) strengthen care, and (3) enhance surveillance. World Health Day 2017, celebrated on 7 April, aims to mobilize action on depression. This condition affects people of all ages, from all walks of life, in all countries. It impacts on people’s ability to carry out everyday tasks, with consequences for families, friends, and even communities, workplaces, and health care systems. At worst, depression can lead to self-inflicted Document [3](Title: World Health Day) international, regional and local events on the Day related to a particular theme. World Health Day is acknowledged by various governments and non-governmental organizations with interests in public health issues, who also organize activities and highlight their support in media reports, such as the Global Health Council. World Health Day is one of eight official global health campaigns marked by WHO, along with World Tuberculosis Day, World Immunisation Week, World Malaria Day, World No Tobacco Day, World AIDS Day, World Blood Donor Day, and World Hepatitis Day. In 2006, World Health Day was devoted to the health workforce crisis, or Document [4](Title: World Kindness Day) passed on to recognize an act of kindness and or ask that an act of kindness be done. Approaches are being made to the United Nations by the peak global body, the World Kindness Movement, to have World Kindness Day officially recognized and its members unanimously sign a Declaration of Support for World Kindness. According to Gulf News, "it is a day that encourages individuals to overlook boundaries, race and religion." World Kindness Day World Kindness Day is an international observance on 13 November. It was introduced in 1998 by the World Kindness Movement, a coalition of nations' kindness NGOs. Document [5](Title: World Osteoporosis Day) the International Osteoporosis Foundation. In 1998 and 1999, the World Health Organization acted as co-sponsor of World Osteoporosis Day. The day also marks the launch of a year-long campaign to raise awareness of osteoporosis and metabolic bone disease. Since 1999 these campaigns have featured a specific theme. World Osteoporosis Day World Osteoporosis Day is observed annually on October 20th, and launches a year-long campaign dedicated to raising global awareness of the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis and metabolic bone disease. Organized by the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF), the World Osteoporosis Day campaign is accompanied by community events and local Document [6](Title: Workers' Memorial Day) of its national effort to protect workers from injury and illness, and in conjunction with Workers’ Memorial Day efforts globally, NIOSH contributes relevant data, case reports, and other findings from its surveillance and research activities to the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) prepared and published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), across the world: Workers' Memorial Day Workers' Memorial Day, International Workers' Memorial Day or International Commemoration Day (ICD) for Dead and Injured or Day of Mourning takes place annually around the world on April 28, an international day Document [7](Title: Heart to Heart International) Sri Lanka and Vietnam. Over the past three years, Heart to Heart has distributed medical aid in the following countries: Afghanistan, Armenia, Belarus, Bulgaria, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Pakistan, Republic of Georgia, Romania, Tajikistan and Ukraine. Over the past three years, Heart to Heart has distributed medical aid in the following countries: Angola, Benin, Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Cote d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Iraq, Iran, Israel/Gaza, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Morocco, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Over the past three years, Heart to Heart has Question: who created world heart day and when was it first celebrated Answer:
2000
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation) Hotel Transylvania 3 : Summer Vacation premiered at the Annecy International Animated Film Festival on June 13 , 2018 , and was theatrically released in the United States on July 13 , 2018 . Like its predecessors , the film received mixed reviews from critics but was a box office success , grossing over $520 million worldwide , against a budget of $80 million . To date , it is the highest - grossing Hotel Transylvania film . Document [1](Title: The Intern (2015 film)) grossed $75.7 million in North America and $118.8 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $194.6 million, against a net production budget of $35 million. In its opening weekend, the film opened alongside "Hotel Transylvania 2" and was projected to gross $15–20 million in its opening weekend. It ended up grossing $17.7 million, finishing second at the box office behind "Hotel Transylvania 2" ($48.5 million). On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 60% based on 174 reviews, with an average rating of 5.8/10. The site's critical consensus reads, ""The Intern" doesn't do enough with its Document [2](Title: Closer to the Moon) production budget of the film has been estimated to be approximately US$5 million or €4.4 million. The film had its world premiere on November 29, 2013 at the Making Waves: New Romanian Cinema Festival at the Lincoln Center, before being released in Romanian cinemas on March 7, 2014. The film screened at the Romanian Film Festival in London on November 13, 2014. It was then released in Poland on March 13, 2015, and in the United States by Sundance Selects on April 17, 2015. The film screened at the Toronto Jewish Film Festival on May 2, 2015. The film was Document [3](Title: Saw III) The film took $80.2 million in the United States and Canada and $84.6 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $164.8 million. "Saw III" has the highest-grossing weekend in the series, holds the records of highest-grossing in the international market and is the second highest-grossing film in the series worldwide. It is also Lionsgate's fifth highest-grossing film in the United States and Canada. The film was not screened in advance for critics. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 28% based on reviews from 90 critics, and a rating average of 4.2 out of 10. Document [4](Title: Dracula Untold) theaters on August 8, 2014. It was announced four months later that the film would be postponed until October 3, 2014. The release date was pushed a third time to October 17, 2014. The release date was changed for a fourth and final time to October 10, 2014, to give the film three weeks of play before Halloween. The film was released in all formats including IMAX, and in over 25 foreign markets, on its opening weekend. "Dracula Untold" was released on DVD and Blu-ray on February 3, 2015. The Blu-ray release comes with an alternate opening, deleted scenes, "The Document [5](Title: Smashed (film)) 22, 2012. It was also screened at the Deauville American Film Festival, the Toronto International Film Festival, the Athens Film Festival, Jameson CineFest, the Stockholm International Film Festival, and the Hamptons International Film Festival. Sony Pictures Classics bought the film's distribution rights after its premiere at Sundance and gave it a limited release on October 12, 2012. On its opening weekend, the film grossed $26,943 from four theaters, averaging $6,736 per theater and ranking number 53 at the box office. The film earned $376,597 domestically from 13 weeks in release, with a widest release of 50 theaters. It earned $123,128 Document [6](Title: Hotel Transylvania) form, burning in the sunlight. After getting Johnny's attention, Dracula makes his way to the front of the plane and uses his mind-controlling power on the pilot (Brian Stack) to help him apologize, stating that Mavis has grown up and can make her own decisions. Jonathan accepts his apology, and Dracula manipulates the pilot to return to the Transylvanian airport. Dracula returns Jonathan to Mavis, announcing that he approves of Johnny. Johnny confesses to Mavis that their 'Zing' was mutual and the two kiss. The monsters finish celebrating Mavis's party, impressing the hotel guests. "Hotel Transylvania" was originally created and Document [7](Title: The Three Musketeers (2011 film)) was released on 22 August 2011 in the UK. The film grossed $132,249,913. First released in Germany on 1 September 2011, it topped the box office with $3.38 million and has since grossed $16.20 million. It was released in Austria the same day, topping the box office with $503,239 on its opening weekend. It topped the box office during its opening weekends in Italy ($2,023,021), Brazil ($2,343,786) and Turkey ($219,645). In the UK, Ireland and Malta, it debuted with $2,312,509, when it was released on 12–14 October 2011. Its highest-grossing opening to date overseas was achieved in Japan ($3.86 million). Question: when is the new transylvania movie coming out Answer:
July 13 , 2018
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Economy of the United States) The economy of the United States is a highly developed mixed economy . It is the world 's largest economy by nominal GDP and the second - largest by purchasing power parity ( PPP ) . It has the world 's seventh - highest per capita GDP ( nominal ) and eleventh - highest per capita GDP ( PPP ) in 2016 . The United States has a highly diversified , world leading industrial sector . It is also a high - technology innovator with the second - largest industrial output in the world . The U.S. dollar is the currency most used in international transactions and is the world 's foremost reserve currency , backed by its science and technology , its military , the full faith of the U.S. government to reimburse its debts , its central role in a range of international institutions since World War II and the petrodollar system . Several countries use it as their official currency , and in many others it is the de facto currency . Its largest trading partners are China , Canada , Mexico , Japan , Germany , South Korea , United Kingdom , France , India and Taiwan . Document [1](Title: Economy of the United States) Association unanimously recommended that government debt be allowed to auction even lower, at negative absolute interest rates. The United States dollar is the unit of currency of the United States. The U.S. dollar is the currency most used in international transactions. Several countries use it as their official currency, and in many others it is the de facto currency. The federal government attempts to use both monetary policy (control of the money supply through mechanisms such as changes in interest rates) and fiscal policy (taxes and spending) to maintain low inflation, high economic growth, and low unemployment. A private central Document [2](Title: International use of the U.S. dollar) International use of the U.S. dollar Besides being the main currency of the United States, the American dollar is used as the standard unit of currency in international markets for commodities such as gold and petroleum (the latter, sometimes called petrocurrency, is the source of the term petrodollar). Some non-U.S. companies dealing in globalized markets, such as Airbus, list their prices in dollars. The U.S. dollar is the world's foremost reserve currency. In addition to holdings by central banks and other institutions, there are many private holdings, which are believed to be mostly in one-hundred-dollar banknotes (indeed, most American banknotes Document [3](Title: The World Is Curved) the world's market. The dollar is still an essential commodity for the commodity, currency, and derivatives of the world. The value of the dollar, which reflects inflation, is too high compared to other Asian currencies. It is necessary to implement coordinated efforts to resolve the exchange rate gap. But if the U.S. financial system fails to restore trust or if the Federal fails to respond to inflation expectations, the debate will end and the dollar will fall into turmoil. The Asian central bank will not deliberately carry out anything that could undermine the dollar as well as the sale of Document [4](Title: Currency) Currency A currency (from , "in circulation", from ), in the most specific use of the word, refers to money in any form when in actual use or circulation as a medium of exchange, especially circulating banknotes and coins. A more general definition is that a currency is a "system of money" (monetary units) in common use, especially in a nation. Under this definition, US dollars, British pounds, Australian dollars, European euros and Russian ruble are examples of currency. These various currencies are recognized as stores of value and are traded between nations in foreign exchange markets, which determine the Document [5](Title: Economy of the Northern Mariana Islands) <br>"fossil fuel:" 100% <br>"hydro:" 0% <br>"nuclear:" 0% <br>"other:" 0% Electricity – consumption: NA kWh Electricity – exports: NA kWh Electricity – imports: NA kWh Agriculture – products: coconuts, fruits, vegetables, cattle Exports: $1 billion (1998) Exports – commodities: garments Exports – partners: US Imports: $NA Imports – commodities: food, construction equipment and materials, petroleum products Imports – partners: US, Japan Debt – external: $NA Economic aid – recipient: $21.1 million (1995) Currency: 1 United States dollar (US$) = 100 cents Exchange rates: US currency is used Fiscal year: 1 October – 30 September Economy of the Northern Mariana Islands The Document [6](Title: Bretton Woods system) of the dollar as a reserve currency is essential to create the required international liquidity to sustain world trade and growth." He believed that the priorities of the United States were correct, and, although there were internal tensions in the Western alliance, that turning away from open trade would be more costly, economically and politically, than it was worth: "Our role of world leadership in a political and military sense is the only reason for our current embarrassment in an economic sense on the one hand and on the other the correction of the economic embarrassment under present monetary systems Document [7](Title: United States one hundred-dollar bill) $50.936 billion of which $4.929 billion was circulating overseas. So the currency and coin circulating within the United States was $230 per capita. Since 1969, the demand for U.S. currency has greatly increased. The total amount of circulating currency and coin passed one trillion dollars in March 2011. Despite the degradation in the value of the U.S. $100 banknote (which was worth more in 1969 than a U.S. $500 note would be worth today), and despite competition from some more valuable foreign notes (most notably, the 500 euro banknote), there are no plans to re-issue banknotes above $100. The widespread Question: what type of economy does the united states have Answer:
highly developed mixed economy
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: The Vampire Diaries (novel series)) The series was originally published in 1991 - 1992 and it revolves around Stefan Salvatore and Elena Gilbert as the two main protagonists . The first three novels in the original series ( The Awakening , The Struggle , and The Fury ) all feature Stefan and Elena as the narrators of the series , while the last book in the original series , Dark Reunion , is from Bonnie McCullough 's viewpoint . Document [1](Title: The Last Vampire) The Last Vampire The Last Vampire series consists of books written by Christopher Pike and chronicles the life of the 5,000-year-old "last vampire", The titles were originally released under "The Last Vampire" series name, but when recently published was changed simply to "Thirst". Several previously released books were compiled together to make up earlier volumes of the "Thirst" series. The last book written in 2013 was called "Thirst no. 5: The Sacred Veil", although Christopher Pike has confirmed on his Facebook page that there will be a sixth book. The books are highly controversial as they reference the beliefs of Document [2](Title: The Gardella Vampire Chronicles) The Gardella Vampire Chronicles The Gardella Vampire Chronicles is a series of romantic, historical fantasy novels by Colleen Gleason about a family of vampire hunters who have lived throughout the ages, hunting the undead. The first five novels in the series chronicle the story of Victoria Gardella Grantworth, a young woman living in Regency era England (1820s) as she struggles to maintain a normal life among London’s haute ton Society and her nightly duties of hunting and killing vampires. Gleason has recently continued the series in a spin-off, featuring Macey Gardella, a descendant of Victoria Gardella Grantworth. The first book Document [3](Title: Morpheus Road) Morpheus Road Morpheus Road is a horror fantasy novel trilogy written by D. J. MacHale. The first book in the series, "The Light", was released on April 20, 2010. The second, "The Black", was released on April 19, 2011. The third and last book of the series, "The Blood", was released on March 27, 2012. The first book in the series, "The Light", is about a boy named Marshall "Marsh" Seaver who is being haunted by a character that he created called Gravedigger. His mother died when he was younger. He looks to his friend Cooper for help but soon Document [4](Title: In the Dark of the Night (novel)) its own, which may also be thirsty and awaiting for new victims. Publishers Weekly said, "It's more YA novel than adult, but Saul has been in the business long enough to know how to send shivers up the spines of readers of any age." School Library Journal's Larry Cooperman said, "Saul weaves a page-turner of a story that horror fans will enjoy from start to finish." In the Dark of the Night (novel) In the Dark of the Night is a thriller horror novel by author John Saul, published by Ballantine Books on July 18, 2006. The novel follows the Document [5](Title: Saint Errant) Holm back to the series, although he might have made an exception with the unpublished Saint novel, "The Saint's Lady" (1979) as Holm appears in that work. There is also a brief reference to Holm in the final book of the series, "Salvage for the Saint". In "Saint Errant", Holm appears in the stories "Iris", "Lida" and "Luella" before making her exit from the series. Most of the stories fall in the mystery/crime genre, except the closing story, "Dawn," which incorporates supernatural elements. "Dawn" also breaks the fourth wall by having Templar reference Charteris and his stories in dialogue. The Document [6](Title: Mona the Vampire) a news article published in June 9, 1998 by the New York City news agency PR Newswire. Before "Mona the Vampire", Cinar and Alphanim, two of the series' main production companies, had partnered in several other television series, including "Are You Afraid of the Dark?" and "Lassie". The leaders of both of these companies predicted that "Mona the Vampire" would be a great success, and hoped to further the relationship between the two companies with this production. "Mona the Vampire" is based on a series of books of the same name that were each published in the early to mid Document [7](Title: The Vampire Diaries) the Salvatores, the Gilberts, the Fells, the Forbes, and the Lockwoods. They guard the town mainly from vampires, although there are many more supernatural threats such as werewolves, witches, hybrids, and ghosts. Initially, Kevin Williamson had little interest in developing the series, finding the premise too similar to other vampire tales. However, at the urging of Julie Plec, he began to read the novels and started to become intrigued by the story: "I began to realize that it was a story about a small town, about that town's underbelly and about what lurks under the surface." Williamson has stated the Question: when did the first vampire diaries book come out Answer:
1991
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: American Revolutionary War) Cornwallis made no attempt to break out and engage the Franco - American army before it had established siege works , expecting that reinforcements would arrive from New York , and the Franco - American army laid siege to Yorktown on September 28 . Cornwallis continued to think that relief was imminent from Clinton , and he abandoned his outer defenses which were immediately occupied by American troops -- serving to hasten his subsequent defeat . The British then failed in an attempt to break out of the siege across the river at Gloucester Point when a storm hit . Cornwallis and his subordinates were under increasing bombardment and facing dwindling supplies ; they agreed that their situation was untenable and negotiated a surrender on October 17 , 1781 , and 7,685 soldiers became prisoners of the Americans . The same day as the surrender , 6,000 troops under Clinton had departed New York , sailing to relieve Yorktown . Document [1](Title: Expédition Particulière) From there the combined forces marched overland to Virginia. During this time, Admiral de Grasse managed to defeat a British fleet sent from New York City to evacuate British General Charles Cornwallis at the Battle of the Chesapeake on September 5, trapping Cornwallis on the Yorktown peninsula. On September 22, Rochambeau and Washington combined forces with those of Marquis de Lafayette and began the siege of Yorktown. The siege ended with the surrender of Cornwallis on October 19, 1781. Rochambeau's force spent the winter in Virginia. The following year they moved north towards New England. Washington again tried to interest Document [2](Title: Cornwallis in North America) and military targets in that colony. Ineffectually opposed by a smaller Continental Army under the Marquis de Lafayette, he was eventually ordered to establish a well-defended port by General Henry Clinton. Poor communications in the British establishment and French naval superiority over the Chesapeake Bay caused him to become entrapped at Yorktown without the possibility of reinforcement; he surrendered after three weeks of siege, on October 17, 1781. He was released on parole, and returned to England in December of that year. He and General Clinton engaged in a highly public exchange after the 1781 campaign in which each sought Document [3](Title: Virginia in the American Revolution) Grasse. On September 5, Admiral de Grasse defeated a fleet of the Royal Navy at the Battle of the Virginia Capes. The defeat ensured French dominance of the waters around Yorktown, thereby preventing Cornwallis from receiving troops or supplies and removing the possibility of evacuation. Between October 6 and 17 the American forces laid siege to Yorktown. Outgunned and completely surrounded, Cornwallis decided to surrender. Papers for surrender were officially signed on October 19. As a result of the defeat, the king lost control of Parliament and the new British government offered peace in April 1782. The Treaty of Paris Document [4](Title: History of the Scots Guards (1642–1804)) Guards had suffered, was reduced to a single composite battalion. Later in 1781, the composite Foot Guards took part in its last engagement, at the Battle of Yorktown, which began when Yorktown was besieged by the Americans. The British defended their positions with great courage into October, but the British commander, General Cornwallis, on 19 October, marched out, along with his army, of Yorktown to surrender to the Americans. The Foot Guards would not depart America until 1782, finally returning home to Great Britain in 1783. The composite Foot Guards were disbanded that same year and the men were returned Document [5](Title: Military history of the United States) did. The British sent four invasion armies. Washington's strategy forced the first army out of Boston in 1776, and was responsible for the surrender of the second and third armies at Saratoga (1777) and Yorktown (1781). He limited the British control to New York and a few places while keeping Patriot control of the great majority of the population. The Loyalists, on whom the British had relied too heavily, comprised about 20% of the population but were never well organized. As the war ended, Washington watched proudly as the final British army quietly sailed out of New York City in Document [6](Title: Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis) deal with Washington. Cornwallis gathered together garrisons scattered across New Jersey and moved them towards Trenton. On 2 January 1777, as he advanced on Trenton, his forces were engaged in extended skirmishing that delayed the army's arrival at Washington's position on the Assunpink Creek until late in the day. Cornwallis was unable to dislodge Washington in the battle that followed. Cornwallis prepared his troops to continue the assault of Washington's position the next day, but critically failed to send out adequate patrols to monitor the Americans. During the night, Washington's forces slipped around Cornwallis's and attacked the British outpost at Document [7](Title: Virginia) was moved to Richmond at the urging of Governor Thomas Jefferson, who feared that Williamsburg's coastal location would make it vulnerable to British attack. In 1781, the combined action of Continental and French land and naval forces trapped the British army on the Virginia Peninsula, where troops under George Washington and Comte de Rochambeau defeated British General Cornwallis in the Siege of Yorktown. His surrender on October 19, 1781 led to peace negotiations in Paris and secured the independence of the colonies. Virginians were instrumental in writing the United States Constitution. James Madison drafted the Virginia Plan in 1787 and Question: when did the british army got final defeat against the united state of america Answer:
October 17 , 1781
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: The Outlaws of Sherwood) Robin is a forester in Sherwood forest . As he leaves an archery contest , someone shoots at him and only just misses . Without thinking , Robin returns fire and kills someone . Robin 's friends Marian and Much convince him to become an outlaw . Robin hides in Sherwood Forest and gathers a band to oppose the tyrannous Sheriff of Nottingham . Unsurprisingly they rob the rich , give to the poor , and poach deer . Document [1](Title: Robin Hood (Once Upon a Time)) is a skilled archer who robs from the rich to give to the poor with his group of Merry Men. He is also the father to his and Maid Marian's son Roland. Prior to his life as a thief, Robin was a tavern owner who was faced with having his establishment taken over by the Sheriff of Nottingham. Robin later becomes the Prince of Thieves and gives himself the name Robin Hood, giving stolen money to the townspeople and setting up his band of Merry Men in Sherwood Forest with his close group of friends. One of his allies Will Document [2](Title: Sheriff of Nottingham) Sheriff of Nottingham The Sheriff of Nottingham is the main antagonist in the legend of Robin Hood. He is generally depicted as an unjust tyrant, who mistreats the local people of Nottinghamshire, subjecting them to unaffordable taxes. Robin Hood fights against him, stealing from the rich, and the Sheriff, in order to give to the poor; a characteristic for which Robin Hood is best known. It is not conclusively known exactly who this character is based on, but it would have been one of (or a composite of multiple of) the people who have occupied the post of the High Document [3](Title: The New Adventures of Robin Hood) mistakenly alters history. 35. Orphans: Robin must rescue a young boy from an evil knight who seeks to overthrow his cousin, a queen. 36. The Assassin: Robin and the team must keep three lords safe from a shapeshifting assassin. 37. Body and Soul: Robin dies in action before his time and must occupy another body while a new one is being created. 38. Assault on Castle Dundeen: The team helps a young lord protect his castle from his evil uncle. 39. The Auction: An auction held by Tuck is put on hold when Robin learns his father may still be Document [4](Title: Muppet Monster Adventure) has turned into the vampire "Noseferatu." Next, Robin ventures into the outskirts of the village nicknamed "The Deadlands" where he encounters villainous pirates and reanimated skeletons. Robin defeats the "Wocka Wocka Wearbear" and transforming him back into Fozzie Bear. Robin is able to advance to the forests around the village called "Neverleave Forest." After avoiding falling prey to transmogrified hunters and evil pumpkin farmers, Robin must fight his own Uncle Kermit to save him from an eternity as "Ker-Monster" (a spoof of Frankenstein's monster). Having done this, Robin moves into the river-dwelling and Arab quarters of the village before doing Document [5](Title: Robin Hood) Robin Hood, who, if he existed, could easily have roamed between Nottingham, Lincoln, Doncaster and right into West Yorkshire. A British Army Territorial (reserves) battalion formed in Nottingham in 1859 was known as The Robin Hood Battalion through various reorganisations until the "Robin Hood" name finally disappeared in 1992. With the 1881 Childers Reforms that linked regular and reserve units into regimental families, the Robin Hood Battalion became part of The Sherwood Foresters (Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire Regiment). A Neolithic causewayed enclosure on Salisbury Plain has acquired the name Robin Hood's Ball, although had Robin Hood existed it is doubtful that Document [6](Title: Robin Hood (1922 film)) Nottingham. After rescuing Marian from Prince John's prison and defeating Sir Guy in a final conflict, Robin is captured. The timely reappearance of King Richard returns him to Marian and foils the efforts of Prince John. Wallace Beery played King Richard the Lion-Hearted again the following year in a sequel called "Richard the Lion-Hearted". Alan Hale, Sr. made such an impression as Little John in this film that he reprised the role sixteen years later in "The Adventures of Robin Hood" (1938) opposite Errol Flynn, then played the character again in "Rogues of Sherwood Forest" in 1950, 28 years after Document [7](Title: Richard at the Lee) the loan, otherwise the sheriff and the abbot would claim his land and divide it up between themselves. These were the abbot's terms and Richard had no choice but to accept them. In Robin Hood's day, religious communities were often notorious for their greed, sleaze, lax morals and hypocritical lifestyles. Conversely, Robin Hood is portrayed as fair and truly religious. He might have been a criminal, but his rough justice restored true Christian values. Meanwhile, in Barnsdale Forest, Robin Hood commanded some of his merry men to prepare a feast fit for a king, and to the others he commanded Question: who lead a gang of outlaws in sherwood forest Answer:
Robin
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Something He Can Feel) In the original 1976 version of the film Sparkle , the song is performed by '' Sister & the Sisters '' , with Lonette McKee on lead vocal , and Irene Cara and Dwan Smith on backing vocals . Document [1](Title: Sparkle (1976 film)) her I saw a little bit of her mother in her." Cara wanted to attend the premiere of the film, but was not able due to a recent foot surgery. Sparkle (1976 film) Sparkle is a 1976 American musical drama film directed by Sam O'Steen and released by Warner Bros. Pictures. With a plot inspired by the history of The Supremes, "Sparkle" is a period film set in Harlem, New York during the late 1950s and early 1960s. It presents the story of a musical girl group that ends up breaking apart due to individual issues each member faces. This Document [2](Title: Tika Sumpter) remake was set in 1968 Detroit, during the rise of Motown. The story focused on the youngest sister, a music prodigy named Sparkle Williams (Jordin Sparks), and her struggle to become a star while overcoming issues that are tearing her family apart. R&B singer Aaliyah was originally planned to star as Sparkle; however following her death in a 2001 plane crash, production on the film stopped. Production would have begun in 2002. "Sparkle" was filmed in the fall of 2011 over a two-month period. The film, which co-stars Sumpter, was released in the United States on August 17, 2012. On Document [3](Title: Sparkle (2012 film)) "Sparkle" features songs from the original film written by soul musician Curtis Mayfield as well as new compositions by R&B artist R. Kelly. This film is the debut of R&B/pop singer and "American Idol" winner Jordin Sparks as an actress. "Sparkle" also marks Whitney Houston's fifth and final feature film role before her death on February 11, 2012, three months after filming ended. The film is dedicated to her memory. Detroit, Michigan, 1968: A nightclub MC named Red (Terrence J) introduces a local singer Black (Cee Lo Green) who performs his song ""I'm a Man"". While Black performs Stix (Derek Document [4](Title: Aretha Franklin) 1976, Franklin worked on the soundtrack to the film "Sparkle" with Curtis Mayfield. The album yielded Franklin's final top 40 hit of the decade, "Something He Can Feel", which also peaked at number one on the R&B chart. Franklin's follow-up albums for Atlantic, including "Sweet Passion" (1977), "Almighty Fire" (1978) and "La Diva" (1979), bombed on the charts, and in 1979 Franklin left the company. In 1980, after leaving Atlantic Records, Franklin signed with Clive Davis's Arista Records and that same year gave a command performance at London's Royal Albert Hall in front of Queen Elizabeth. Franklin also had an Document [5](Title: The Star Sisters) The Star Sisters The Star Sisters were a female Dance/Pop trio from The Netherlands that were very popular during the 1980s, most notably as the ladies who performed the chorus as members of Jaap Eggermont's studio act Stars on 45 and in a spinoff in which they performed as The Andrews Sisters in a medley that charted internationally in 1984. The members were Sylvana van Veen (born 1950), Patricia Paay (born April 7, 1949) and Yvonne Keeley (born September 6, 1952). Paay and Keeley are sisters in real life. In 1984, they performed a song (during the film's end credits) Document [6](Title: The Moir Sisters) of her diabetes. The Moir Sisters were formed in 1970 as a folk, pop trio in Melbourne by Jean (born 1956) on co-lead vocals, Margot Rae (born 1959) on co-lead vocals and guitar, and Lesley Moir (born 1961) on co-lead vocals. They were born in Scotland, to Edward Hoy Moir and June Moir (nee Stirling), and emigrated to Melbourne in 1962. They returned to Scotland, where their youngest daughter, Leanne, was born in 1968. Margot was given a guitar as a gift; she took to it immediately, and was soon writing her own songs. The sisters launched their musical trio Document [7](Title: Doreen Chanter) "Twins of Evil". On Phil Manzanera's first solo album "Diamond Head" (1975), John Wetton and Doreen sang duo on the track "Same Time Next Week". She subsequently joined Jacqui Sullivan as one of The Sirens, backing vocalists for Roxy Music's 1975–76 tour dates. (They can be heard on the band's 1976 live album "Viva!") In 1976 her name was credited on Bryan Ferry's album "Let's Stick Together", and the following year she appeared as a backing vocalist on another Ferry album, "In Your Mind". In 1981, Chanter was part of a chorus that sang at "The Secret Policeman's Ball", with Question: who is the original singer of giving him something he can feel Answer:
Lonette McKee
You are given a question and you MUST respond by EXTRACTING the answer (max 5 tokens) from one of the provided documents. If none of the documents contain the answer, respond with NO-RES. Documents: Document [0](Title: Chhattisgarh) The state was formed on 1 November 2000 by partitioning 16 Chhattisgarhi - speaking southeastern districts of Madhya Pradesh . The capital city is Raipur . Chhattisgarh borders the states of Madhya Pradesh in the northwest , Maharashtra in the southwest , Telangana in the south ( Bhupalpally district ) , Odisha in the southeast , Jharkhand in the northeast and Uttar Pradesh in the north . Currently the state comprises 27 districts . Document [1](Title: Mahakoshal) Chhattisgarh state lies to the east, and the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra state lies to the south across the Satpura Range. Cities and districts of the region include Jabalpur, Katni, Narsinghpur, Mandla, Dindori, Seoni and Chhindwara. Dynasties that have held the territory include the Gonds, Kalachuri, Satavahanas, and Marathas. During the British Raj Mahakoshal was part of the Central Provinces which contained two distinct linguistic regions: Mahakoshal and Vidarbha. The two linguistic regions could not be fully integrated as a unit owing to regional and cultural differences. It is highly demanded state from an undivided Madhya Pradesh due to lack Document [2](Title: Proposed states and territories of India) and Baghelkhand states instead of a single Vindhya Pradesh is advocated as well to accommodate the districts claimed by these regions from neighboring state of Uttar Pradesh. Mahakoshal is a region which lies in the upper or eastern reaches of the Narmada River valley in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. Cities and districts of the region include Jabalpur, Katni, Narsinghpur, Mandla, Dindori, Satna, Seoni and Chhindwara. The largest city and a possible capital is Jabalpur. Organisations such as Mahakaushal Mukti Morcha and Bharatiya Janashakti have demanded separate statehood for the region. It is alleged that though the Mahakoshal region Document [3](Title: Central India) Hindi belt languages such as Chhattisgarhi are also common regionally. Besides these Indo-Aryan languages, the Munda-family language Korku is also spoken in Central India. Central India Central India is a loosely defined region of India consisting of the states of Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh. Indore, the commercial capital of Madhya Pradesh is the largest city in the region. Other major cities include Bhopal and Raipur. The states share many linguistic and cultural characteristics with the Northern Region including the predominance of Hindi. The states of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh have been grouped along with the states of Uttar Pradesh and Document [4](Title: Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly) Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly The Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha or the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly is the unicameral state legislature of Madhya Pradesh state in central-India. The seat of the Vidhan Sabha is at Bhopal, the capital of the state. It is housed in the "Vidhan Bhavan", an imposing building located at the centre of the Capital Complex in the Arera Hill locality of Bhopal city. The term of the Vidhan Sabha is five years, unless dissolved sooner. Presently, it comprises 230 members who are directly elected from single-seat constituencies and one nominated member. The history of the Madhya Pradesh Document [5](Title: Maharajpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)) this district and Jatara, Prithvipur, Niwari, Tikamgarh and Khargapur in Tikamgarh district. Maharajpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Maharajpur Vidhan Sabha constituency is one of the 230 Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. This constituency came into existence in 1961, following the delimitation of the Legislative Assembly constituencies and it was reserved for the candidates belonging to the scheduled castes from 1961-2008. Maharajpur (constituency number 48) is one of the 6 Vidhan Sabha constituencies located in Chhatarpur district. This constituency covers the entire Nowgaon tehsil of the district. Maharajpur is part of Tikamgarh Lok Sabha constituency Document [6](Title: Bijapur district, Chhattisgarh) Bijapur district, Chhattisgarh Bijapur District, formerly known as Birjapur, is one of the 27 districts of the state of Chhattisgarh in central India. It is one of the two new districts created on May 11, 2007. As of 2011 it is the second least populous district of Chhattisgarh (out of 18), after Narayanpur. It is the second-least literate district in India, with a literacy rate of at 41.58%, according to the 2011 census. Madhya Pradesh The present collector of Bijapur is Shri Ayaj Tamboli. Bijapur District was formerly part of the Dantewada district. It is currently a part of the Document [7](Title: Chhatarpur State) Chhatarpur State Chhatarpur was one of the princely states of India during the period of the British Raj. The state was founded in 1785 and its capital was located in Chhatarpur, Madhya Pradesh. Chhatarpur's last ruler signed the accession to the Indian Union on 1 January 1950. Chhatarpur was founded in 1785. It is named after the Bundela Rajput leader Chhatrasal, the founder of Bundelkhand independence, and contains his cenotaph. The state was ruled by his descendants until 1785. At that time the Ponwar clan of the Rajputs took control of Chhatarpur. The state was guaranteed to Kunwar Sone Singh Question: city of central india capital of the state of chhattisgarh Answer:
Raipur