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Mercury_7250005 | All living things are made up of prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells. Which function is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"aerobic respiration",
"sexual reproduction",
"protein production",
"nitrogen fixation"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | All living things are made up of prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells. Which function is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Choices:
A aerobic respiration
B sexual reproduction
C protein production
D nitrogen fixation | [INST] In eukaryotic cells, genetic information is stored in:
Choices:
A the plasma membrane
B the cell wall
C ribosomes
D chromosomes [/INST]
[INST] All living things are made up of prokary |
Mercury_7228690 | Scientists are able to correlate time and the amount of difference between homologous genes when studying the divergence of two species because scientists have reliable estimates for which value? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"rate of genetic mutations",
"survival benefit of specific genes",
"pressure of selection on base pairs",
"number of bases in species' genomes"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | Scientists are able to correlate time and the amount of difference between homologous genes when studying the divergence of two species because scientists have reliable estimates for which value?
Choices:
A rate of genetic mutations
B survival benefit of specific genes
C pressure of selection on base pairs
D number of bases in species' genomes | [INST] In an experiment about the evolution of genetic resistance to malaria, a population of __________ mosquitoes was exposed to the malaria parasite. As a result, the number of mosquitoes that acquired the genetic resistance increased from 10 percent to 50 percent |
Mercury_7188213 | Isle Royale is a large island in Lake Superior. During the 1800s, most of the trees were removed, and the wolves and moose that lived on the island died. In the early 1900s, moose were reintroduced to the island. By 1925, the moose population on Isle Royale rose to about 2,000 individuals. Which best explains how the moose population grew so rapidly? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"The death rate was greater than the birth rate.",
"There was unlimited food for the moose to eat.",
"The birth rate was constant and few moose died.",
"There were no predators to control the population."
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | Isle Royale is a large island in Lake Superior. During the 1800s, most of the trees were removed, and the wolves and moose that lived on the island died. In the early 1900s, moose were reintroduced to the island. By 1925, the moose population on Isle Royale rose to about 2,000 individuals. Which best explains how the moose population grew so rapidly?
Choices:
A The death rate was greater than the birth rate.
B There was unlimited food for the moose to eat.
C The birth rate was constant and few moose died.
D There were no predators to control the population. | |
Mercury_SC_409143 | Sydney is learning about the sources of energy that can run out. Which energy source will run out the fastest? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"flowing water",
"natural gas",
"sunlight",
"wind"
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | Sydney is learning about the sources of energy that can run out. Which energy source will run out the fastest?
Choices:
A flowing water
B natural gas
C sunlight
D wind | [INST] In this game, you will explore the energy sources that can be used by people. The energy sources are divided into two groups. The first group is the sources that can be used right now. The second group is the sources that we need to learn how to use before we can use them. |
MCAS_2006_5_1 | In the water cycle, rain, snow, or sleet falling to the ground is a form of | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"precipitation.",
"condensation.",
"evaporation.",
"transpiration."
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | In the water cycle, rain, snow, or sleet falling to the ground is a form of
Choices:
A precipitation.
B condensation.
C evaporation.
D transpiration. | [INST] In the water cycle, the process by which plants absorb water from the soil is called
Choices:
A evaporation.
B precipitation.
C condensation.
D transpiration. [/INST]
[INST] In the water cycle |
TAKS_2009_5_29 | Which two properties of a crayon will stay about the same after the crayon is melted? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"Shape and physical state",
"Temperature and hardness",
"Color and mass",
"Thickness and texture"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | Which two properties of a crayon will stay about the same after the crayon is melted?
Choices:
A Shape and physical state
B Temperature and hardness
C Color and mass
D Thickness and texture | [INST] Which two properties of a crayon will stay about the same after the crayon is melted?
Choices:
A Shape and physical state
B Temperature and hardness
C Color and mass
D Thickness and texture [/INST] |
Mercury_7080605 | Which section of Earth is composed primarily of liquid metal? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"crust",
"mantle",
"outer core",
"inner core"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | Which section of Earth is composed primarily of liquid metal?
Choices:
A crust
B mantle
C outer core
D inner core | [INST] In which year did Voyager 2 reach Neptune?
Choices:
1979
1989
2001
2012 [/INST]
[INST] What is the name given to the space object that |
Mercury_7041213 | Sunlight is able to penetrate the top several meters of marine water, where most plant and animal life exists. Which of these systems are interacting in this description? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"solar energy and ocean systems",
"solar energy and weather systems",
"weather systems and ocean systems",
"solar energy, ocean systems, and weather systems"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | Sunlight is able to penetrate the top several meters of marine water, where most plant and animal life exists. Which of these systems are interacting in this description?
Choices:
A solar energy and ocean systems
B solar energy and weather systems
C weather systems and ocean systems
D solar energy, ocean systems, and weather systems | [INST] In an aquatic environment, what is the primary mode of energy transfer at the base of the food chain?
Choices:
Producers use solar energy to make food.
Primary producers are eaten by primary consumers.
Energy is transferred from the primary producers to the |
Mercury_7168718 | The weight of an object can change because of the force that acts on that object. Which force causes the weight of an object to change? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"gravitational",
"electrical",
"magnetic",
"friction"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | The weight of an object can change because of the force that acts on that object. Which force causes the weight of an object to change?
Choices:
A gravitational
B electrical
C magnetic
D friction | [INST] In an experiment, a ball is placed on a level surface. The ball is then pulled away from the surface by a force. The ball returns to the surface when the force is removed. From the experiment, which of the following conclusions can be drawn?
Choices:
A |
Mercury_7236320 | Which statement describes a characteristic of a gas that has a significant effect on the climates of both Earth and Venus? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"Nitrogen is chemically inert.",
"Sodium vapor reflects solar energy.",
"Carbon dioxide traps solar energy.",
"Argon is unable to react with water."
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | Which statement describes a characteristic of a gas that has a significant effect on the climates of both Earth and Venus?
Choices:
A Nitrogen is chemically inert.
B Sodium vapor reflects solar energy.
C Carbon dioxide traps solar energy.
D Argon is unable to react with water. | [INST] In an experiment, a sample of nitrogen and a sample of a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen are placed in a container. The container is sealed and then shaken. Which statement correctly describes the results of the experiment?
Choices:
A The sample of the mixture will |
ACTAAP_2013_5_4 | An organism eats grass and is preyed upon by a carnivore. Which categories describe this organism? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"producer and consumer",
"consumer and herbivore",
"decomposer and producer",
"herbivore and decomposer"
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | An organism eats grass and is preyed upon by a carnivore. Which categories describe this organism?
Choices:
A producer and consumer
B consumer and herbivore
C decomposer and producer
D herbivore and decomposer | [INST] In an aquatic food web, which trophic level contains a zooplankton?
Choices:
B Decomposers
C Herbivores
D Carnivores [/INST]
[INST] In the diagram below, which tro |
MCAS_2011_8_17696 | Which of the following units best represents the density of an object? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"kg",
"hr",
"m/s^2",
"g/cm^3"
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | Which of the following units best represents the density of an object?
Choices:
A kg
B hr
C m/s^2
D g/cm^3 | [SOL] Density can be defined as the ratio of mass to volume. Units of density can be determined by the units of mass and units of volume. In this case, the units of mass is grams and the volume is cubic centimeters. The units of density is grams |
Mercury_SC_407441 | When a baker bakes bread, he prepares the dough by mixing 2 cups of flour with 1 cup of water. The water needs to be 85°F. Which tools are best for the baker to measure both the volume and temperature of the water? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"a balance and a ruler",
"a balance and a thermometer",
"a measuring cup and a balance",
"a measuring cup and a thermometer"
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | When a baker bakes bread, he prepares the dough by mixing 2 cups of flour with 1 cup of water. The water needs to be 85°F. Which tools are best for the baker to measure both the volume and temperature of the water?
Choices:
A a balance and a ruler
B a balance and a thermometer
C a measuring cup and a balance
D a measuring cup and a thermometer | [SOL] D is the correct answer. When a baker bakes bread, he prepares the dough by mixing 2 cups of flour with 1 cup of water. The water needs to be 85°F. To measure the volume of the water, the baker should use |
Mercury_SC_400359 | Which event occurs only twice each year? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"lunar eclipse",
"full moon",
"equinox",
"low tide"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | Which event occurs only twice each year?
Choices:
A lunar eclipse
B full moon
C equinox
D low tide | [INST] In which year did the first modern Olympiad take place?
Choices:
A 1896
B 1770
C 1920
D 1944 [/INST]
[INST] What is the |
Mercury_7033548 | When an igneous intrusion comes into contact with surrounding rock, the surrounding rock will | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"erode.",
"foliate.",
"precipitate.",
"recrystallize."
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | When an igneous intrusion comes into contact with surrounding rock, the surrounding rock will
Choices:
A erode.
B foliate.
C precipitate.
D recrystallize. | When igneous intrusions come into contact with surrounding rock, the surrounding rock will recrystallize.
We know this because the surrounding rock is a liquid and must cool to solidify. In the process of cooling, the surrounding rock will recrystallize.
Remember |
OHAT_2007_8_44 | What change would occur if Earth's rate of rotation significantly increased? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"The year would be shorter.",
"The year would be longer.",
"The day would be shorter.",
"The day would be longer."
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | What change would occur if Earth's rate of rotation significantly increased?
Choices:
A The year would be shorter.
B The year would be longer.
C The day would be shorter.
D The day would be longer. | [INST] In an experiment, a sample of nitrogen and a sample of oxygen are placed into separate containers. The volume of each container decreases at the same rate. What must be true about the pressure in the two containers?
Choices:
A The pressure in the container containing nit |
Mercury_SC_400675 | A class is studying how gravity affects objects in motion. Which tool would best measure the distance an object travels after it is thrown? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"a magnetic compass",
"a meter stick",
"a calculator",
"a stop watch"
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | A class is studying how gravity affects objects in motion. Which tool would best measure the distance an object travels after it is thrown?
Choices:
A a magnetic compass
B a meter stick
C a calculator
D a stop watch | [INST] In an experiment about gravity, an object is thrown up into the air with a speed of 12 meters per second. Which expression represents the time the object takes to start to fall back down?
Choices:
A 0.50 seconds
B 2. |
Mercury_SC_400693 | The phases of the Moon are caused by the | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"tilt of the Earth.",
"tilt of the Moon.",
"revolution of the Earth around the Sun.",
"revolution of the Moon around the Earth."
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | The phases of the Moon are caused by the
Choices:
A tilt of the Earth.
B tilt of the Moon.
C revolution of the Earth around the Sun.
D revolution of the Moon around the Earth. | [INST] The phases of the Moon are caused by the
Choices:
A tilt of the Earth.
B tilt of the Moon.
C revolution of the Earth around the Sun.
D revolution of the Moon around the Earth. [/INST]
[INST] The |
NYSEDREGENTS_2012_8_18 | The sum of all chemical reactions that take place within an organism is known as | {
"label": [
"1",
"2",
"3",
"4"
],
"text": [
"evolution",
"metabolism",
"circulation",
"reproduction"
]
} | 2 | ARC-Easy | The sum of all chemical reactions that take place within an organism is known as
Choices:
1 evolution
2 metabolism
3 circulation
4 reproduction | Metabolism is the sum of all the chemical reactions that take place within an organism. Evolution is the process by which organisms become better adapted to their environment. Circulation is the continuous movement of fluid through the blood vessels. Reproduction is the process by which organisms produce young that have |
Mercury_7040758 | What direction is the movement of the energy in a food web? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"consumer to producer",
"producer to consumer",
"decomposer to producer",
"decomposer to consumer"
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | What direction is the movement of the energy in a food web?
Choices:
A consumer to producer
B producer to consumer
C decomposer to producer
D decomposer to consumer | [INST] In an aquatic food web, which trophic level has a low energy efficiency?
Choices:
A primary producers
B primary consumers
C secondary consumers
D tertiary consumers [/INST]
[INST] In the diagram below, what is |
Mercury_7137043 | Which of these is the main source of the electromagnetic energy we use? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"battery",
"wind",
"sun",
"coal"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | Which of these is the main source of the electromagnetic energy we use?
Choices:
A battery
B wind
C sun
D coal | [INST] In an electric circuit, the voltage is the ________ between a pair of points.
Choices:
A distance
B temperature
C height
D difference in potential [/INST]
[INST] A device that converts thermal energy into electrical energy is called |
Mercury_7069388 | A flat piece of paper has a mass of 5 grams. When the paper is crumpled into a ball, the mass of the crumpled paper is | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"much more than that of the flat paper.",
"slightly more than that of the flat paper.",
"the same as that of the flat paper.",
"slightly less than that of the flat paper."
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | A flat piece of paper has a mass of 5 grams. When the paper is crumpled into a ball, the mass of the crumpled paper is
Choices:
A much more than that of the flat paper.
B slightly more than that of the flat paper.
C the same as that of the flat paper.
D slightly less than that of the flat paper. | [INST] In an experiment, a sample of nitrogen gas was collected in a bulb and was found to have a mass of 20 g. After the bulb was removed from the sample and the gas was allowed to escape, the bulb was found to have a mass of
Ch |
Mercury_7012495 | Which of these atomic structures has the least amount of mass? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"an ion",
"a proton",
"a neutron",
"an electron"
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | Which of these atomic structures has the least amount of mass?
Choices:
A an ion
B a proton
C a neutron
D an electron | [INST] In an isotope of an element, the number of neutrons in the atom is the same as the number of
[1/3] protons. True False
[/INST]
[INST] What are two ways to make an atom more stable
[ |
MCAS_2016_5_16 | Water moves directly from a lake to the air by which of the following processes? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"condensation",
"evaporation",
"precipitation",
"sedimentation"
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | Water moves directly from a lake to the air by which of the following processes?
Choices:
A condensation
B evaporation
C precipitation
D sedimentation | [INST] In an arid region, what is the most likely cause of a drop in the water table?
Choices:
A increased temperature
B increased precipitation
C increased runoff
D increased evaporation [/INST]
[INST] Which of the following |
MCAS_2012_8_23643 | Ann makes hats for people. She has each person select the fabric and a hat style before she makes the hat to fit the person's head size. Which type of manufacturing system is Ann most likely using to make hats? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"mass production",
"custom production",
"automated production",
"assembly line production"
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | Ann makes hats for people. She has each person select the fabric and a hat style before she makes the hat to fit the person's head size. Which type of manufacturing system is Ann most likely using to make hats?
Choices:
A mass production
B custom production
C automated production
D assembly line production | [INST] In an automated production system, what is the primary goal of the work area?
Choices:
A to store materials that are used in the production process
B to produce parts that are used in the production process
C to store parts that are produced in the production process |
Mercury_7092190 | Through which activity do animals get the carbon that is needed for their bodies? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"eating",
"breathing",
"running",
"sleeping"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | Through which activity do animals get the carbon that is needed for their bodies?
Choices:
A eating
B breathing
C running
D sleeping | [INST] Insects can be a nuisance and carry disease. What is the best way to prevent insects from getting into your house?
Choices:
A leaving the windows open
B keeping the house clean
C keeping the house dark
D spraying with insecticide |
MCAS_2003_5_3 | What causes sound? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"sunlight",
"vibrations",
"x-rays",
"pitch"
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | What causes sound?
Choices:
A sunlight
B vibrations
C x-rays
D pitch | [INST] In an experiment about sound waves, a tuning fork is vibrating at 261 Hz. A guitar string is vibrating at 261 Hz. What is the speed of the sound wave from the tuning fork to the guitar string?
A 26 |
Mercury_SC_401624 | The egg stage in the life cycle of a bird is most like which phase in the life cycle of certain types of flowers? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"seed",
"spore",
"pollen",
"immature flower"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | The egg stage in the life cycle of a bird is most like which phase in the life cycle of certain types of flowers?
Choices:
A seed
B spore
C pollen
D immature flower | [INST] Insects can be the most helpful and the most destructive creatures in the garden. Insects are most helpful to the garden when they:
A eat plants
B pollinate plants
C eat other insects
D reproduce quickly [/INST]
[INST] |
Mercury_7014560 | Which pieces of equipment would be used to measure the density of a solution? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"a ruler and a protractor",
"a magnet and a thermometer",
"a graduated cylinder and a balance",
"an Erlenmeyer flask and a Bunsen burner"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | Which pieces of equipment would be used to measure the density of a solution?
Choices:
A a ruler and a protractor
B a magnet and a thermometer
C a graduated cylinder and a balance
D an Erlenmeyer flask and a Bunsen burner | [INST] In an experiment about the density of a substance, what would be a good way to make sure that all the samples are the same?
Choices:
A Use different types of samples
B Use different amounts of samples
C Use the same type of samples
D Use the |
Mercury_SC_408439 | Brian knows deserts get less rain than other ecosystems. However, he also knows that plants can survive in the desert. Which characteristic of a plant most likely helps it live in a desert? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"the ability to store water",
"the ability to attract insects",
"the ability to stop predators",
"the ability to drop its leaves"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | Brian knows deserts get less rain than other ecosystems. However, he also knows that plants can survive in the desert. Which characteristic of a plant most likely helps it live in a desert?
Choices:
A the ability to store water
B the ability to attract insects
C the ability to stop predators
D the ability to drop its leaves | [INST] Brian sees that a desert cottontail and a desert tortoise are living in the same area. Brian knows that the cottontail’s main food is plants. He also knows that the tortoise’s main food is plants and insects. Which factor most likely allows the |
Mercury_SC_405510 | Which statement describes the formation of a delta? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"A large mass of ice and snow accumulates.",
"A mound of sand is built by wind.",
"A low area of land is surrounded by mountains.",
"A mass of sediment is deposited at the mouth of a river."
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | Which statement describes the formation of a delta?
Choices:
A A large mass of ice and snow accumulates.
B A mound of sand is built by wind.
C A low area of land is surrounded by mountains.
D A mass of sediment is deposited at the mouth of a river. | [INST] In which type of desert is the largest amount of precipitation?
Choices:
A Coastal desert
B Tropical desert
C Continental desert
D Arid desert
[/INST]
[INST] Which is an example of an ocean current? |
Mercury_7207463 | Which of these properties of water has the greatest effect on the water cycle? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"neutral pH",
"freezing and boiling points",
"dissolves many substances",
"forms six-sided crystals"
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | Which of these properties of water has the greatest effect on the water cycle?
Choices:
A neutral pH
B freezing and boiling points
C dissolves many substances
D forms six-sided crystals | [INST] In the water cycle, the process by which water evaporates from the ocean and turns into water vapor is known as:
Choices:
A precipitation
B runoff
C evapotranspiration
D condensation [/INST] |
NYSEDREGENTS_2010_4_18 | A student places soil in a plastic container to make a home for some worms. The student cuts holes in the top of the container because the worms need | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"space to move",
"air to breathe",
"sunlight to grow",
"sound to communicate"
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | A student places soil in a plastic container to make a home for some worms. The student cuts holes in the top of the container because the worms need
Choices:
A space to move
B air to breathe
C sunlight to grow
D sound to communicate | [INST] The student is about to add worms to the container. [/INST]
[CHOI]
[ANS] B air to breathe [/ANS]
[INST] The student is about to add worms to the container. [/INST] |
Mercury_7110968 | Which best explains why population growth can result in water shortages and rationing in certain areas? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"Aquifers recharge slowly.",
"Lake water is reserved for recreation.",
"Increasing biomass decreases evaporation rates.",
"Tall buildings impede the development of rain clouds."
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | Which best explains why population growth can result in water shortages and rationing in certain areas?
Choices:
A Aquifers recharge slowly.
B Lake water is reserved for recreation.
C Increasing biomass decreases evaporation rates.
D Tall buildings impede the development of rain clouds. | [INST] In an arid region, what might be the best way to conserve water?
Choices:
A Plant only annuals.
B Cover the ground with rocks.
C Plant only drought-tolerant species.
D Plant only trees.
[ |
TIMSS_1995_8_L3 | A girl found the skull of an animal. She did not know what the animal was but she was sure that it preyed on other animals for its food. What clue led to this conclusion? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
],
"text": [
"The eye sockets faced sideways.",
"The skull was much longer than it was wide.",
"There was a projecting ridge along the top of the skull.",
"Four of the teeth were long and pointed.",
"The jaws could move sideways as well as up and down."
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | A girl found the skull of an animal. She did not know what the animal was but she was sure that it preyed on other animals for its food. What clue led to this conclusion?
Choices:
A The eye sockets faced sideways.
B The skull was much longer than it was wide.
C There was a projecting ridge along the top of the skull.
D Four of the teeth were long and pointed.
E The jaws could move sideways as well as up and down. | [INST] Insects can perceive the world around them in ways that are quite different from the way we do. For example, the ability to see is a very important sense for us, but most insects are unable to see the world at all. They perceive the world through their antenna |
Mercury_416507 | A student wrote the following claim on a homework assignment: "Eukaryotic cells need more lipids than prokaryotic cells." Which statement below provides the BEST support for her claim? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.",
"Eukaryotic cells make up multicellular organisms.",
"Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles.",
"Eukaryotic cells perform cellular respiration."
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | A student wrote the following claim on a homework assignment: "Eukaryotic cells need more lipids than prokaryotic cells." Which statement below provides the BEST support for her claim?
Choices:
A Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.
B Eukaryotic cells make up multicellular organisms.
C Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles.
D Eukaryotic cells perform cellular respiration. | [INST] In an experiment about the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on the growth of algae, the researcher found that the amount of nitrogen had no effect on growth rates. Which conclusion about the experiment is most justified?
Choices:
A Nitrogen and |
Mercury_SC_416164 | Ella waves good-bye from the bus. What body system pulls on bones to let Ella wave her arm? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"muscular system",
"nervous system",
"digestive system",
"circulatory system"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | Ella waves good-bye from the bus. What body system pulls on bones to let Ella wave her arm?
Choices:
A muscular system
B nervous system
C digestive system
D circulatory system | [INST] Insects can taste the air with their feet. What system allows this behavior?
Choices:
A nervous system
B muscular system
C circulatory system
D digestive system [/INST]
[INST] Insects can taste the air with |
MCAS_2000_8_24 | Which is the best evidence for the theory of continental drift? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"the appearance of volcanoes at the boundaries where plates collide",
"earthquakes at boundaries where one plate slides past another",
"cases where a species exists in only one isolated place",
"fossils of the same species found on widely separated continents"
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | Which is the best evidence for the theory of continental drift?
Choices:
A the appearance of volcanoes at the boundaries where plates collide
B earthquakes at boundaries where one plate slides past another
C cases where a species exists in only one isolated place
D fossils of the same species found on widely separated continents | [INST] In the theory of continental drift, what accounts for the fact that continents do not fit exactly together?
Choices:
A the movement of the continents
B the sinking of the continents
C the movement of the crust
D the sinking of |
Mercury_SC_401161 | Which liquid most likely contains a dissolved gas? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"whole milk",
"house paint",
"mud puddle",
"carbonated soda"
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | Which liquid most likely contains a dissolved gas?
Choices:
A whole milk
B house paint
C mud puddle
D carbonated soda | [INST] In an experiment about the solubility of gasses, a teacher filled two beakers with 400 mL of water. She put 0.100 g of solute in one of the beakers. She found that the volume of the water increased to |
NYSEDREGENTS_2012_4_21 | Which three things do animals need from their environment in order to survive? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"soil, water, and food",
"soil, light, and water",
"air, food, and water",
"air, water, and light"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | Which three things do animals need from their environment in order to survive?
Choices:
A soil, water, and food
B soil, light, and water
C air, food, and water
D air, water, and light | [INST] Insects can be a nuisance and carry disease. What are some ways to reduce insects in your environment?
Choices:
A spray insecticide
B change the environment
C use a pesticide [/INST]
[INST] What is |
Mercury_SC_400115 | Electrical energy is best described as | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"coming from the Sun.",
"attracting objects.",
"moving negative charges.",
"developing radiation."
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | Electrical energy is best described as
Choices:
A coming from the Sun.
B attracting objects.
C moving negative charges.
D developing radiation. | [INST] In an electric circuit, the voltage is measured in
Choices:
A. volts.
B. amps.
C. ohms.
D. watts. [/INST]
[INST] A simple electric circuit is
Choices |
Mercury_7160545 | In 1785, James Hutton, stated that evidence of past occurrences can be used to explain events which happen today. Which could most likely be used to explain an event in the geologic past? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"sunspots",
"earthquakes",
"wave patterns",
"cloud formations"
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | In 1785, James Hutton, stated that evidence of past occurrences can be used to explain events which happen today. Which could most likely be used to explain an event in the geologic past?
Choices:
A sunspots
B earthquakes
C wave patterns
D cloud formations | [INST] In 1858, Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace presented a theory of evolution to the Linnean Society. Which event describes the theory of evolution?
Choices:
A the extinction of the dinosaurs
B the sinking of the Titanic |
Mercury_412625 | Which series correctly represents the levels of organization in an organism? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"cells -> organs -> organ system -> tissue",
"cells -> tissue -> organs -> organ system",
"tissue -> cells -> organ system -> organs",
"tissue -> organ system -> cells -> organs"
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | Which series correctly represents the levels of organization in an organism?
Choices:
A cells -> organs -> organ system -> tissue
B cells -> tissue -> organs -> organ system
C tissue -> cells -> organ system -> organs
D tissue -> organ system -> cells -> organs | [INST] In an organism, the primary genetic information is stored in:
Choices:
A the DNA
B the RNA
C the proteins
D the cell membrane [/INST]
[INST] An individual who is homozygous for an |
NYSEDREGENTS_2012_4_4 | Which tool should a student use to see the patterns on a small object? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"balance",
"hand lens",
"thermometer",
"graduated cylinder"
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | Which tool should a student use to see the patterns on a small object?
Choices:
A balance
B hand lens
C thermometer
D graduated cylinder | [INST] In an experiment about the effects of gravity on plants, what would a scientist use to measure the force of gravity?
[ANS] a force meter
[/INST]
[INST] What is the standard unit for measuring time?
[ANS] second |
ACTAAP_2009_7_6 | Stomata are tiny pores located on the leaves of plants. These pores permit the exchange of gases between air in the environment and plant cells located inside the leaf. Which tissue performs a similar function in vertebrates? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"The cornea in the eye",
"The alveoli in the lungs",
"The chambers in the heart",
"The salivary glands in the mouth"
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | Stomata are tiny pores located on the leaves of plants. These pores permit the exchange of gases between air in the environment and plant cells located inside the leaf. Which tissue performs a similar function in vertebrates?
Choices:
A The cornea in the eye
B The alveoli in the lungs
C The chambers in the heart
D The salivary glands in the mouth | ## Answer:
The alveoli in the lungs perform a similar function in vertebrates. The alveoli are tiny air sacs located in the lungs. These sacs permit the exchange of gases between air in the environment and oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. |
MCAS_2013_8_29426 | Which of the following has changed over the last 200 years primarily due to human activity? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"Earth's magnetic field",
"the frequency of earthquakes",
"Earth's tectonic plate activity",
"the composition of the atmosphere"
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | Which of the following has changed over the last 200 years primarily due to human activity?
Choices:
A Earth's magnetic field
B the frequency of earthquakes
C Earth's tectonic plate activity
D the composition of the atmosphere | [INST] In recent years, which of the following has been shown to be a major contributor to the greenhouse effect?
Choices:
A carbon dioxide
B ozone
C methane
D nitrous oxide [/INST]
[INST] Which of |
Mercury_SC_401123 | When light hits a mirror, most of the light is | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"refracted.",
"reflected.",
"absorbed.",
"transmitted."
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | When light hits a mirror, most of the light is
Choices:
A refracted.
B reflected.
C absorbed.
D transmitted. | When light hits a mirror, most of the light is reflected and does not go through the mirror. The light from a lightbulb is not absorbed by the mirror, but it is refracted. Refracted means that the light is bent. Transmitted means that the light goes through the object. |
Mercury_SC_405231 | A scientist found fossils of ocean shells on a mountain top. Based on this find, which statement can be made? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"The climate was once colder.",
"The shells were carried by the wind.",
"The mountain was covered by water.",
"The shells once lived on dry land."
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | A scientist found fossils of ocean shells on a mountain top. Based on this find, which statement can be made?
Choices:
A The climate was once colder.
B The shells were carried by the wind.
C The mountain was covered by water.
D The shells once lived on dry land. | [INST] Insects can be seen in the fossil record from the early Paleozoic era. Based on this information, which statement can be made?
Choices:
A No life existed on land before the Paleozoic era.
B No insects |
Mercury_7084315 | When potassium and bromine atoms form chemical bonds, which of these is produced? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"an element",
"a mixture",
"a compound",
"a new form of matter"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | When potassium and bromine atoms form chemical bonds, which of these is produced?
Choices:
A an element
B a mixture
C a compound
D a new form of matter | [INST] In an experiment, a sample of nitrogen and oxygen gas are allowed to react. The gases are separated by a partition. The reaction results in a liquid. The liquid is then heated. What happens to the liquid?
Choices:
A the liquid remains
B the |
AKDE&ED_2012_8_1 | A student is asked to measure the distance from the floor to the ceiling in a classroom. Which unit of measurement should the student most likely use to accurately measure this distance? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"liter",
"kiloliter",
"meter",
"kilometer"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | A student is asked to measure the distance from the floor to the ceiling in a classroom. Which unit of measurement should the student most likely use to accurately measure this distance?
Choices:
A liter
B kiloliter
C meter
D kilometer | [SOL] C meter [/SOL]
[EXPL]
Distance is measured in meters. 1000 meters is a kilometer. 1000 liters is a kiloliter. [/EXPL]
[MATH]
[ |
MCAS_1998_8_19 | A solar eclipse occurs when | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"the Moon blocks the Earth from the Sun.",
"the first four planets in the solar system are aligned.",
"Earth blocks the Moon from the Sun.",
"Earth's shadow falls on the Sun."
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | A solar eclipse occurs when
Choices:
A the Moon blocks the Earth from the Sun.
B the first four planets in the solar system are aligned.
C Earth blocks the Moon from the Sun.
D Earth's shadow falls on the Sun. | [INST] In an eclipse of the Moon, the Moon does NOT
Choices:
A eclipse the Sun.
B move into the Earth's shadow.
C eclipse the Sun.
D move into the Earth's shadow. [/INST]
[ |
MCAS_2000_8_19 | The bottom of the space shuttle is covered with ceramic tile. This material was chosen because it withstands | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"moisture.",
"vibration.",
"heat.",
"light."
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | The bottom of the space shuttle is covered with ceramic tile. This material was chosen because it withstands
Choices:
A moisture.
B vibration.
C heat.
D light. | [INST] In order to see the Northern lights, you must travel to:
A Alaska.
B Japan.
C Italy.
D Greenland. [/INST]
[INST] In the early 1900s, the average American woman married at the age of: |
NYSEDREGENTS_2010_4_11 | Which tool would be most useful for observing the details of an insect's wings? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"thermometer",
"balance",
"hand lens",
"graduated cylinder"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | Which tool would be most useful for observing the details of an insect's wings?
Choices:
A thermometer
B balance
C hand lens
D graduated cylinder | [INST] Insects can be observed under a microscope. What is a disadvantage of using a microscope to observe insects?
Choices:
A Microscopes are expensive.
B Microscopes are heavy.
C Microscopes are fragile.
D |
Mercury_SC_415399 | Two of Earth's plates pushed together, and the ground moved. What happened? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"an earthquake",
"a landslide",
"a volcano",
"an avalanche"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | Two of Earth's plates pushed together, and the ground moved. What happened?
Choices:
A an earthquake
B a landslide
C a volcano
D an avalanche | [INST] In an earthquake, the ground moves. The ground is part of the plates. The plates move because the molten rock inside the Earth is pushing the plates around.
What happens when two plates push together?
A they move away from each other
B they move toward each other |
Mercury_SC_401143 | A group of the same species of fish swim together to increase an individual's | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"swimming speed.",
"body temperature.",
"chance of survival.",
"visibility to predators."
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | A group of the same species of fish swim together to increase an individual's
Choices:
A swimming speed.
B body temperature.
C chance of survival.
D visibility to predators. | [INST] Insects can perceive an object's color by:
A. the light it reflects.
B. the sounds it makes.
C. its shape.
D. the chemicals it emits. [/INST]
[INST] When you turn on your computer |
VASoL_2009_5_34 | Which part of a sunflower plant absorbs water and nutrients? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"Roots",
"Stems",
"Leaves",
"Flowers"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | Which part of a sunflower plant absorbs water and nutrients?
Choices:
A Roots
B Stems
C Leaves
D Flowers | [INST] Insects can be a serious threat to plants. What is a good way to prevent insect damage to plants?
[MC] A: Using insecticides
B: Planting insect repellent plants
C: Using pesticides
D: Planting plants that have |
MEA_2014_8_2 | Which statement describes an interaction between the hydrosphere and the atmosphere? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"Flowing water carves through rock to form a canyon.",
"Lava from an underwater volcano cools to form a mountain.",
"Ashes rise from a volcanic eruption to block sunlight.",
"Water vapor rises from the ocean to form clouds."
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | Which statement describes an interaction between the hydrosphere and the atmosphere?
Choices:
A Flowing water carves through rock to form a canyon.
B Lava from an underwater volcano cools to form a mountain.
C Ashes rise from a volcanic eruption to block sunlight.
D Water vapor rises from the ocean to form clouds. | [INST] Which statement describes a physical process that affects the rate of erosion by wind and water?
Choices:
A The volume of a rock.
B The amount of heat energy available.
C The mass of a rock.
D The amount of water available. [ |
Mercury_412701 | The conservation of matter can be demonstrated by using chemical equations. Which chemical equation demonstrates the conservation of matter? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"2Sn + 4HNO_{3} -> SnO_{2} + 4NO_{2} + H_{2}O",
"I_{2} + 5Cl_{2} + 6H_{2}O -> 2HIO_{3} + 10HCl",
"Cl + 4Na -> 4NaCl",
"4P + 5HNO_{3} -> 5NO + 3H_{3}PO_{4}"
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | The conservation of matter can be demonstrated by using chemical equations. Which chemical equation demonstrates the conservation of matter?
Choices:
A 2Sn + 4HNO_{3} -> SnO_{2} + 4NO_{2} + H_{2}O
B I_{2} + 5Cl_{2} + 6H_{2}O -> 2HIO_{3} + 10HCl
C Cl + 4Na -> 4NaCl
D 4P + 5HNO_{3} -> 5NO + 3H_{3}PO_{4} | [SOL] This is a difficult question. The key is to look at the number of each element in each equation. For example, the first equation has two Sn. The second equation has two HIO_{3}. The third equation has four Na. The fourth equation has four P.
[ |
Mercury_SC_401602 | A model of the Moon would be different from a model of Earth in that the Moon should | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"be smaller than Earth.",
"have a source of light inside.",
"have a smoother surface than Earth.",
"have fewer impact craters on the surface."
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | A model of the Moon would be different from a model of Earth in that the Moon should
Choices:
A be smaller than Earth.
B have a source of light inside.
C have a smoother surface than Earth.
D have fewer impact craters on the surface. | [INST] In the year 1750, the Moon was [/INST]
Choices:
A 28% closer to Earth than it is today.
B 27% farther away from Earth than it is today.
C 15% closer to |
MCAS_2003_8_33 | The manufacturing process used to permanently put parts together is called | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"cutting.",
"shaping.",
"finishing.",
"assembling."
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | The manufacturing process used to permanently put parts together is called
Choices:
A cutting.
B shaping.
C finishing.
D assembling. | [INST] In manufacturing, a machine that does a single operation on a part is called a _________.
Choices:
A jig.
B fixture.
C machine.
D tool. [/INST]
[INST] In manufacturing, the term __________ |
Mercury_406779 | A 13-year-old boy has blue eyes. Which statement concerning his eye color is correct? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"It is a result of asexual reproduction.",
"It is a result of childhood nutrition.",
"It is an inherited characteristic.",
"It is a personal choice."
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | A 13-year-old boy has blue eyes. Which statement concerning his eye color is correct?
Choices:
A It is a result of asexual reproduction.
B It is a result of childhood nutrition.
C It is an inherited characteristic.
D It is a personal choice. | [INST] Insects can perceive light in a way that humans cannot. What is the light frequency that humans perceive?
Choices:
A Ultraviolet
B Infrared
C Visible
D Microwave [/INST]
[INST] |
Mercury_7220518 | Which trait is common in gases that contribute to Earth's greenhouse effect? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"the ability to trap heat",
"a tendency to lose electrons",
"a tendency to exist as diatomic molecules",
"the ability to bond with multiple other elements"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | Which trait is common in gases that contribute to Earth's greenhouse effect?
Choices:
A the ability to trap heat
B a tendency to lose electrons
C a tendency to exist as diatomic molecules
D the ability to bond with multiple other elements | [INST] Which type of energy transfer is most effective in removing heat from Earth's surface?
Choices:
A conduction
B convection
C radiation
D condensation [/INST]
[INST] An element that is extremely rare in the Earth's |
Mercury_7041230 | When nearly vertical rays of solar energy strike a region of the Earth, that area has warm temperatures. What region of the Earth gets nearly vertical rays of solar energy year around? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"Equator",
"Australia",
"United States",
"North and South Poles"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | When nearly vertical rays of solar energy strike a region of the Earth, that area has warm temperatures. What region of the Earth gets nearly vertical rays of solar energy year around?
Choices:
A Equator
B Australia
C United States
D North and South Poles | [INST] In the year 2000, the area of land that was covered by glacier ice was the most since the year ______________.
Choices:
A 1994
B 1998
C 1972 |
Mercury_SC_400132 | A student conducts an investigation testing a material's effectiveness as a heat insulator. Which tool will help the student conduct this investigation safely? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"a face mask",
"plastic gloves",
"a ventilator hood",
"insulated gloves"
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | A student conducts an investigation testing a material's effectiveness as a heat insulator. Which tool will help the student conduct this investigation safely?
Choices:
A a face mask
B plastic gloves
C a ventilator hood
D insulated gloves | [INST] In an investigation about the effects of a substance on a plant, a student uses the plant as a way to represent the population. The student determines the effects of the substance on the plant by comparing the growth rate of the plant with and without the substance. In this investigation, which of the following |
Mercury_7099225 | Humans can do many things to impact the environment. Which of these is an example of how humans negatively impact the environment? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"planting more trees",
"burning less fossil fuel",
"reducing beach erosion",
"increasing water runoff"
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | Humans can do many things to impact the environment. Which of these is an example of how humans negatively impact the environment?
Choices:
A planting more trees
B burning less fossil fuel
C reducing beach erosion
D increasing water runoff | [INST] Insects can have a negative impact on plants. Which of these is an example of how insects can negatively impact plants?
Choices:
A they can pollinate the plants
B they can cause diseases in the plants
C they can help the plants to grow |
MSA_2012_8_9 | The early Greeks are credited with many valid concepts in astronomy. Some of their theories were correct; some were later proven incorrect. One theory was that Earth was the center of the universe and that other planets circled Earth. The Greeks thought Earth did not move because its movement was not obvious from the surface of the planet. The Greeks also believed that an invisible sphere surrounding our planet contained the stars. This sphere rotated, explaining the apparent movement of constellations over time. Early Greeks also developed theories about the relationship between the moon and Earth. Why is the same side of the moon always visible from Earth? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"The far side of the moon does not reflect sunlight.",
"The moon stays in one location while Earth revolves around it.",
"The period of rotation and the period of revolution for the moon are about the same.",
"The moon rotates clockwise on its axis while Earth rotates counterclockwise on its axis."
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | The early Greeks are credited with many valid concepts in astronomy. Some of their theories were correct; some were later proven incorrect. One theory was that Earth was the center of the universe and that other planets circled Earth. The Greeks thought Earth did not move because its movement was not obvious from the surface of the planet. The Greeks also believed that an invisible sphere surrounding our planet contained the stars. This sphere rotated, explaining the apparent movement of constellations over time. Early Greeks also developed theories about the relationship between the moon and Earth. Why is the same side of the moon always visible from Earth?
Choices:
A The far side of the moon does not reflect sunlight.
B The moon stays in one location while Earth revolves around it.
C The period of rotation and the period of revolution for the moon are about the same.
D The moon rotates clockwise on its axis while Earth rotates counterclockwise on its axis. | |
Mercury_SC_416521 | Where is water most likely to be brackish? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"sea",
"lake",
"river",
"estuary"
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | Where is water most likely to be brackish?
Choices:
A sea
B lake
C river
D estuary | [INST] In an estuary, the salinity is likely to be:
Choices:
A constant
B increasing
C decreasing
D variable [/INST]
[INST] The salinity of the water at a particular point is:
Choices: |
Mercury_7092400 | As two continental plates collide, the edges of the plates are crumpled and uplifted. Which of these landforms is most likely a result of this type of collision? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"normal faults",
"mountain ranges",
"U-shaped valleys",
"shield volcanoes"
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | As two continental plates collide, the edges of the plates are crumpled and uplifted. Which of these landforms is most likely a result of this type of collision?
Choices:
A normal faults
B mountain ranges
C U-shaped valleys
D shield volcanoes | [INST] In an area of continental collision, what type of volcano is likely to be found?
Choices:
A stratovolcanoes
B shield volcanoes
C guyot
D atoll [/INST]
[INST] What |
TIMSS_2007_8_pg26 | In living things, large and complex molecules are broken down into small and simple molecules. What is this process called? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"excretion",
"absorption",
"digestion",
"circulation"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | In living things, large and complex molecules are broken down into small and simple molecules. What is this process called?
Choices:
A excretion
B absorption
C digestion
D circulation | [INST] In living things, large and complex molecules are broken down into small and simple molecules. What is this process called?
Choices:
A excretion
B absorption
C digestion
D circulation [/INST]
[INST] In living things, |
AKDE&ED_2008_8_18 | The Sun heats the atmosphere of Earth unevenly. Which of the following is the most likely result of this uneven heating? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"Convection in the atmosphere causes a change in air density, resulting in winds.",
"Conduction through the atmosphere causes evaporation to occur over oceans, resulting in rain.",
"Radiation from the Sun will reflect through the atmosphere back into space resulting in cooler evenings.",
"Radiation from the Sun will cause atmospheric moisture to collect over mountain ranges resulting in snowfall."
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | The Sun heats the atmosphere of Earth unevenly. Which of the following is the most likely result of this uneven heating?
Choices:
A Convection in the atmosphere causes a change in air density, resulting in winds.
B Conduction through the atmosphere causes evaporation to occur over oceans, resulting in rain.
C Radiation from the Sun will reflect through the atmosphere back into space resulting in cooler evenings.
D Radiation from the Sun will cause atmospheric moisture to collect over mountain ranges resulting in snowfall. | [INST] In an experiment, a sample of nitrogen and a sample of oxygen are placed into separate containers. When the containers are heated, the gases expand and when cooled, they condense. Which of the following is the most accurate description of the properties of these gases?
Ch |
Mercury_184170 | The temperature of the stratosphere increases with altitude because of the presence of | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"nitrogen.",
"water vapor.",
"ozone.",
"carbon monoxide."
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | The temperature of the stratosphere increases with altitude because of the presence of
Choices:
A nitrogen.
B water vapor.
C ozone.
D carbon monoxide. | [INST] In the troposphere the temperature decreases with altitude because of the presence of
Choices:
A nitrogen.
B water vapor.
C ozone.
D carbon monoxide. [/INST]
[INST] The temperature of the |
Mercury_7007770 | What two factors determine the location of an electron around the nucleus of the atom? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"speed and direction of the electron",
"size of the electron and the neutron",
"direction and strength of the electron",
"energy and the attraction of the nucleus"
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | What two factors determine the location of an electron around the nucleus of the atom?
Choices:
A speed and direction of the electron
B size of the electron and the neutron
C direction and strength of the electron
D energy and the attraction of the nucleus | [INST] In an atom, which of the following describes the electrons?
Choices:
A They are negative particles.
B They spin around the nucleus.
C They travel at the speed of light.
D They are found outside the nucleus. [/INST] |
Mercury_7210193 | Which resource is more available due to improvements in deep-sea drilling technology? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"crude oil",
"fresh water",
"thermal energy",
"salt reserves"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | Which resource is more available due to improvements in deep-sea drilling technology?
Choices:
A crude oil
B fresh water
C thermal energy
D salt reserves | [INST] In recent years, which of the following has been a major cause of concern with regard to the environment in India?
[/INST]
[INST] In which of the following is the maximum amount of renewable energy generated in India?
A wind power
B solar |
Mercury_7005128 | Before strip mining for coal, the topsoil in the area is removed and stored. After mining operations are completed, the land is leveled and topsoil is replaced. The purpose of replacing topsoil is | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"to prevent wind from weathering and eroding surface coal.",
"to prevent radioactive elements from polluting water sources.",
"to provide an environment for new coal formation.",
"to restore the area to a natural condition."
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | Before strip mining for coal, the topsoil in the area is removed and stored. After mining operations are completed, the land is leveled and topsoil is replaced. The purpose of replacing topsoil is
Choices:
A to prevent wind from weathering and eroding surface coal.
B to prevent radioactive elements from polluting water sources.
C to provide an environment for new coal formation.
D to restore the area to a natural condition. | ## 79728578 – EARTH SCIENCE
Question
[INST] Before strip mining for coal, the topsoil in the area is removed and stored. After mining operations are completed, the land is leveled and topsoil is replaced. The purpose |
NYSEDREGENTS_2012_4_22 | Which two processes are common to all living things? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"flying and breathing",
"migrating and reproducing",
"using nutrients and growing",
"eliminating waste and hibernating"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | Which two processes are common to all living things?
Choices:
A flying and breathing
B migrating and reproducing
C using nutrients and growing
D eliminating waste and hibernating | [INST] Insects can be grouped by what characteristic?
Choices:
A type of stinger
B type of antennae
C type of legs
D type of wings [/INST]
[INST] What are the two main divisions of the animal kingdom |
ACTAAP_2009_7_9 | A ball rolling on the ground is observed to slow down and stop. Based on Newton's first law of motion, what is the best conclusion? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"An object in motion eventually stops.",
"The ball must have been going slightly uphill.",
"The ball did not have enough mass to keep going.",
"There must have been an outside force acting on the ball."
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | A ball rolling on the ground is observed to slow down and stop. Based on Newton's first law of motion, what is the best conclusion?
Choices:
A An object in motion eventually stops.
B The ball must have been going slightly uphill.
C The ball did not have enough mass to keep going.
D There must have been an outside force acting on the ball. | [INST] In an experiment, a ball is placed on a level surface. The ball is observed to start from rest and accelerate to a certain speed. Based on Newton's second law of motion, what is the best conclusion?
Choices:
A The ball must have been placed |
Mercury_SC_408991 | Carlos was playing on a slide on a sunny summer day. Which property of the slide tells Carlos how much energy the slide absorbed from the Sun? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"the mass",
"the color",
"the height",
"the temperature"
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | Carlos was playing on a slide on a sunny summer day. Which property of the slide tells Carlos how much energy the slide absorbed from the Sun?
Choices:
A the mass
B the color
C the height
D the temperature | [INST] In an experiment, a sample of nitrogen and a sample of oxygen are placed into separate containers. Which choice lists the properties of the gases in the correct order from least to greatest?
Choices:
A mass, pressure, volume
B mass, volume, pressure |
Mercury_7246365 | Which features form when magma emerges between two diverging oceanic plates? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"ocean trenches",
"fault boundaries",
"mid-ocean ridges",
"composite volcanoes"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | Which features form when magma emerges between two diverging oceanic plates?
Choices:
A ocean trenches
B fault boundaries
C mid-ocean ridges
D composite volcanoes | [INST] In subduction zones, what is the rate of convergence between the two plates?
Choices:
A 1 cm/yr
B 2 cm/yr
C 3 cm/yr
D 4 cm/yr [/INST]
[INST |
MEA_2011_8_15 | How would the Sun appear to an astronaut on Pluto compared with how it looks from Earth? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"The Sun would appear larger and brighter.",
"The Sun would appear smaller and brighter.",
"The Sun would appear larger and dimmer.",
"The Sun would appear smaller and dimmer."
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | How would the Sun appear to an astronaut on Pluto compared with how it looks from Earth?
Choices:
A The Sun would appear larger and brighter.
B The Sun would appear smaller and brighter.
C The Sun would appear larger and dimmer.
D The Sun would appear smaller and dimmer. | [INST] In the year 2000, the Sun was at a distance of 91.4 million miles from the Earth. In the year 2001, the Sun was at a distance of 91.9 million miles from the Earth. This means that the Sun |
Mercury_7008453 | Part of a student's experiment is to measure changes in wind speed several hours before a storm. What piece of equipment should the student use? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"barometer",
"hygrometer",
"anemometer",
"weather vane"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | Part of a student's experiment is to measure changes in wind speed several hours before a storm. What piece of equipment should the student use?
Choices:
A barometer
B hygrometer
C anemometer
D weather vane | [INST] In an experiment about the effects of salt on plants, salt is added at different concentrations. The results are then plotted on a graph. What should the graph's y-axis represent?
Choices:
A the concentration of salt added to the soil
B the |
Mercury_7068985 | The symptoms of strep throat infection are a red and swollen throat. What is the most likely cause of strep throat? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"eating raw vegetables",
"drinking lemonade",
"invading bacteria",
"running in cold weather"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | The symptoms of strep throat infection are a red and swollen throat. What is the most likely cause of strep throat?
Choices:
A eating raw vegetables
B drinking lemonade
C invading bacteria
D running in cold weather | [INST] Insects can be a nuisance and carry disease. What is the most likely cause of insects?
[MC] A lack of spraying insecticides
B the presence of standing water
C the lack of oxygen
D the use of pesticides
[ |
ACTAAP_2011_5_6 | Which mineral, found in Arkansas, is an ore that can be used to produce aluminum? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"quartz",
"galena",
"bauxite",
"diamond"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | Which mineral, found in Arkansas, is an ore that can be used to produce aluminum?
Choices:
A quartz
B galena
C bauxite
D diamond | [INST] In which year did the US government pass the Federal Reserve Act?
Choices:
A 1910
B 1911
C 1912
D 1913 [/INST]
[INST] What is the |
MCAS_2000_8_28 | Which is the best way to generate an electrical current in a coil of wire? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"stroking the coil with a piece of silk",
"heating the coil uniformly",
"laying the coil near a magnet",
"rotating the coil in a magnetic field"
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | Which is the best way to generate an electrical current in a coil of wire?
Choices:
A stroking the coil with a piece of silk
B heating the coil uniformly
C laying the coil near a magnet
D rotating the coil in a magnetic field | [INST] In an electric circuit, the voltage is measured across a resistor. What is the measured value of e?
Choices:
The voltage across the resistor
The voltage across the voltage source
The voltage across the current source
The voltage across the capacitor
[ |
Mercury_177678 | To calculate the relative age of rocks, geologists use the rate of radioactive decay of isotopes present in their samples. What is the term used for the original amount of the elemental isotopes being investigated? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"rare earth isotopes",
"son isotopes",
"daughter isotopes",
"parent isotopes"
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | To calculate the relative age of rocks, geologists use the rate of radioactive decay of isotopes present in their samples. What is the term used for the original amount of the elemental isotopes being investigated?
Choices:
A rare earth isotopes
B son isotopes
C daughter isotopes
D parent isotopes | [INST] In an isotopic dating scheme, what is the term used for the daughter isotope?
Choices:
B original isotope
C daughter isotope
D parent isotope [/INST]
[INST] What term is used for the |
TAKS_2009_8_24 | As a river enters a larger body of water, sediments are deposited over a wide area. Which of these landforms is likely to be formed at the site of deposition? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"Cave",
"Mountain",
"Delta",
"Valley"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | As a river enters a larger body of water, sediments are deposited over a wide area. Which of these landforms is likely to be formed at the site of deposition?
Choices:
A Cave
B Mountain
C Delta
D Valley | [INST] In an arid region, what is the most likely cause of a gully?
Choices:
A Heavy rains
B Slow moving water
C Melting snow
D Rapidly moving water [/INST]
[INST] This is an example of |
Mercury_7085558 | The breaking of a mineral into small, flat sheets is known as | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"luster.",
"streak.",
"cleavage.",
"hardness."
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | The breaking of a mineral into small, flat sheets is known as
Choices:
A luster.
B streak.
C cleavage.
D hardness. | [INST] In the hardness test, what is the hardness of a mineral with a scratch mark left from a quartz?
Choices:
A 2
B 3
C 4
D 5 [/INST]
[INST] What is the hard |
NYSEDREGENTS_2015_8_32 | Which device directly converts chemical energy into electrical energy? | {
"label": [
"1",
"2",
"3",
"4"
],
"text": [
"solar-powered calculator",
"wood-burning stove",
"battery-powered flashlight",
"wind-powered sailboat"
]
} | 3 | ARC-Easy | Which device directly converts chemical energy into electrical energy?
Choices:
1 solar-powered calculator
2 wood-burning stove
3 battery-powered flashlight
4 wind-powered sailboat | [INST] In an electric circuit, the voltage is measured in _______.
Choices:
1 volts
2 amps
3 watts
4 ohms [/INST]
[INST] Which is a correct statement about the electric current in a circuit with a resist |
Mercury_SC_402116 | A student is trying to model an ocean environment. What is the most important factor the student should add to the aquarium in order to make sure that the model is accurate? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"starfish",
"seaweed",
"salt water",
"coral reef"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | A student is trying to model an ocean environment. What is the most important factor the student should add to the aquarium in order to make sure that the model is accurate?
Choices:
A starfish
B seaweed
C salt water
D coral reef | [INST] In an aquarium, the most important factor for life is:
Choices:
A the lighting
B the water level
C the salt content of the water
D the temperature
E the presence of rocks and coral reefs [/INST]
[ |
MCAS_8_2015_17 | A hearing aid is a small device that contains an amplifier, a battery, a microphone, and a speaker. Which part of a hearing aid functions to detect sounds in the user's environment? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"the amplifier",
"the battery",
"the microphone",
"the speaker"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | A hearing aid is a small device that contains an amplifier, a battery, a microphone, and a speaker. Which part of a hearing aid functions to detect sounds in the user's environment?
Choices:
A the amplifier
B the battery
C the microphone
D the speaker | [INST] In an integrated circuit, the resistors are made of:
Choices:
A n-type semiconductor material
B a p-type semiconductor material
C a combination of n-type and p-type semiconductor materials
D an |
Mercury_SC_410835 | Mrs. Garry's class wants to know if their area has more acid rain than other parts of the state. Which would be the best way for them to begin research? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"contact other schools within the state",
"study science textbooks in the library",
"look for current acid rain studies on the Internet",
"examine soil samples taken at different locations"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | Mrs. Garry's class wants to know if their area has more acid rain than other parts of the state. Which would be the best way for them to begin research?
Choices:
A contact other schools within the state
B study science textbooks in the library
C look for current acid rain studies on the Internet
D examine soil samples taken at different locations | [INST] In an experiment about the effects of acid rain on plants, Mrs. Garry's class wants to find out which of the following is the best control.
Choices:
A a plant that is not exposed to acid rain
B a plant that is exposed to acid rain |
Mercury_7024745 | A student wants to perform an experiment to determine what temperature is best for growing tomato plants. Which is the best piece of equipment to use in this experiment to measure the independent variable? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"rain gauge",
"light meter",
"tape measure",
"thermometer"
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | A student wants to perform an experiment to determine what temperature is best for growing tomato plants. Which is the best piece of equipment to use in this experiment to measure the independent variable?
Choices:
A rain gauge
B light meter
C tape measure
D thermometer | [INST] In an experiment about the effects of distance on the force of gravity, the dependent variable was the force of gravity and the independent variable was the distance between the Earth and the object. What is the dependent variable in an experiment about the effects of distance on the force of gravity?
Cho |
Mercury_7283710 | All energy resources have benefits, risks, and drawbacks. Which two resources present the most dangerous risks and consequences for the environment during their acquisition? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"oil and coal",
"coal and solar energy",
"geothermal energy and oil",
"solar energy and geothermal energy"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | All energy resources have benefits, risks, and drawbacks. Which two resources present the most dangerous risks and consequences for the environment during their acquisition?
Choices:
A oil and coal
B coal and solar energy
C geothermal energy and oil
D solar energy and geothermal energy | [INST] In recent years, which of the following has been the primary source of new energy resources in the United States?
Choices:
A oil and gas
B nuclear energy
C coal
D solar energy [/INST]
[INST] Which three characteristics help to make |
Mercury_7026898 | During a laboratory investigation, a student cracks a clean, empty Erlenmeyer flask. It does not break, but it can no longer be used. Where should the flask be placed? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"trash can",
"biohazard bag",
"broken glass bin",
"hazardous waste bin"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | During a laboratory investigation, a student cracks a clean, empty Erlenmeyer flask. It does not break, but it can no longer be used. Where should the flask be placed?
Choices:
A trash can
B biohazard bag
C broken glass bin
D hazardous waste bin | ## 1 Answer
[REVEL] C [/REVEL]
[ANS] The broken glass bin is the correct answer. [/ANS] |
MEAP_2004_8_1 | Tony always drinks water before and after his long bike rides. Why does his body need water when he exercises? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"Drinking water after exercise allows the body to sleep.",
"Drinking water after exercise helps to replace lost fluids.",
"Drinking water before exercise helps increase the heart rate.",
"Drinking water before exercise prevents the body from sweating."
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | Tony always drinks water before and after his long bike rides. Why does his body need water when he exercises?
Choices:
A Drinking water after exercise allows the body to sleep.
B Drinking water after exercise helps to replace lost fluids.
C Drinking water before exercise helps increase the heart rate.
D Drinking water before exercise prevents the body from sweating. | ## 79.28578 * 79.28578 = 624.06281
79.28578 * 79.28578 = 624.06281 |
Mercury_7264180 | In 2001, NASA launched a probe to investigate very low-energy radiation emitted when the universe began. What part of the electromagnetic spectrum does this probe observe and record? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"infrared",
"microwave",
"ultraviolet",
"visible"
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | In 2001, NASA launched a probe to investigate very low-energy radiation emitted when the universe began. What part of the electromagnetic spectrum does this probe observe and record?
Choices:
A infrared
B microwave
C ultraviolet
D visible | [INST] In 2001, NASA launched a probe to investigate very low-energy radiation emitted when the universe began. What part of the electromagnetic spectrum does this probe observe and record?
Choices:
A infrared
B microwave
C ul |
Mercury_SC_401296 | Which trait gives owls an advantage when hunting at night? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"large eyes",
"broad wings",
"straight beak",
"smooth feathers"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | Which trait gives owls an advantage when hunting at night?
Choices:
A large eyes
B broad wings
C straight beak
D smooth feathers | [INST] Insects can perceive humans by detecting their body heat. What is the name of this process?
Choices:
A thermognosis
B thermoluminescence
C thermography
D thermolocation [/INST]
[INST] |
Mercury_190803 | Which type of adaptation allows an animal to deceive its predator? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"large size",
"protective coloration",
"scent glands",
"leathery skin"
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | Which type of adaptation allows an animal to deceive its predator?
Choices:
A large size
B protective coloration
C scent glands
D leathery skin | [INST] Insects can perceive the distance to and direction of a sound by listening to the time difference in the sound reaching either ear. What is the name of this kind of hearing?
Choices:
A auditory localization
B auditory localizing
C auditory |
Mercury_SC_400854 | The pull of gravity from Earth has the greatest effect on | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"comets.",
"the Sun.",
"asteroids.",
"the Moon."
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | The pull of gravity from Earth has the greatest effect on
Choices:
A comets.
B the Sun.
C asteroids.
D the Moon. | [INST] In the year 2000, the Moon was approximately 384,403 kilometers
[/INST]
[INST] In the year 2000, the Moon was approximately 384,403 kilometers |
Mercury_416378 | Coral reefs are found in shallow tropical ocean waters. A coral reef is a diverse ecosystem that is supported by the photosynthesis of marine plants and the algae that live within the tissues of the coral. Given this information, when would the waters in a coral reef likely have the highest dissolved oxygen concentration? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"7 a.m.",
"2 p.m.",
"9 p.m.",
"midnight"
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | Coral reefs are found in shallow tropical ocean waters. A coral reef is a diverse ecosystem that is supported by the photosynthesis of marine plants and the algae that live within the tissues of the coral. Given this information, when would the waters in a coral reef likely have the highest dissolved oxygen concentration?
Choices:
A 7 a.m.
B 2 p.m.
C 9 p.m.
D midnight | [REV] Coral reefs are found in shallow tropical ocean waters. A coral reef is a diverse ecosystem that is supported by the photosynthesis of marine plants and the algae that live within the tissues of the coral. Given this information, when would the waters |
Mercury_7248203 | Two species of garter snake in the genus Thamnophis originated from a single ancestor. These two species live in the same geographic area, however, one lives in arid land and the other lives in water.Which of the following best identifies the cause of speciation between these two garter snakes? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"mechanical isolation",
"behavioral isolation",
"habitat isolation",
"allopatric isolation"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | Two species of garter snake in the genus Thamnophis originated from a single ancestor. These two species live in the same geographic area, however, one lives in arid land and the other lives in water.Which of the following best identifies the cause of speciation between these two garter snakes?
Choices:
A mechanical isolation
B behavioral isolation
C habitat isolation
D allopatric isolation | [INST] In an experiment about the evolution of a population of bacteria, researchers observed that when they exposed the bacteria to a particular antibiotic, the population’s fitness declined, but they continued to reproduce at the same rate. Which of the following best explains the decline in the bacteria population’s fitness |
Subsets and Splits