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Mercury_SC_407065 | A student places a pan of water on the stove. What happens to some of the water as it is heated to a boil? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"It becomes a gas.",
"It becomes a solid.",
"It gets new atomic bonds.",
"It gets destroyed."
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | A student places a pan of water on the stove. What happens to some of the water as it is heated to a boil?
Choices:
A It becomes a gas.
B It becomes a solid.
C It gets new atomic bonds.
D It gets destroyed. | [INST] In an experiment, a sample of nitrogen and a sample of oxygen are placed into separate containers. The volume of each container decreases. Which of the following processes must occur to make this change happen?
Choices:
A Heating
B Cooling
C Expansion |
CSZ30768 | Which of the following elements is best able to combine with itself and hydrogen [H] to form large molecules? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"sodium [Na]",
"lithium [Li]",
"sulfur [S]",
"carbon [C]"
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | Which of the following elements is best able to combine with itself and hydrogen [H] to form large molecules?
Choices:
A sodium [Na]
B lithium [Li]
C sulfur [S]
D carbon [C] | [REV] This is a question about what elements are able to form large molecules with hydrogen. The answer choice A, sodium, is not a good element to form large molecules with hydrogen since sodium is a metal and not a nonmetal. The answer choice B, l |
Mercury_7211418 | What type of cell passes on mutations? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"skin cell",
"nerve cell",
"red blood cell",
"egg cell"
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | What type of cell passes on mutations?
Choices:
A skin cell
B nerve cell
C red blood cell
D egg cell | [INST] In humans, about how many bases does a gene carry?
Choices:
A 40
B 100
C 1000
D 30,000 [/INST]
[INST] This DNA is called hist |
Mercury_SC_401803 | What happens to colored sugar when it is added to water? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"The sugar reacts and colors the water.",
"The sugar becomes white and the water changes color.",
"The sugar evaporates and the water changes color.",
"The sugar dissolves and colors the water."
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | What happens to colored sugar when it is added to water?
Choices:
A The sugar reacts and colors the water.
B The sugar becomes white and the water changes color.
C The sugar evaporates and the water changes color.
D The sugar dissolves and colors the water. | [INST] In the experiment described above, what would be the color of the water at the end of the experiment?
Choices:
A Green
B Purple
C Yellow
D Red
[/INST]
[INST] What is the most likely reason why the water |
Mercury_7217980 | What instrument should be used to monitor atmospheric pressure changes as a weather system approaches? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"psychrometer",
"thermometer",
"anemometer",
"barometer"
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | What instrument should be used to monitor atmospheric pressure changes as a weather system approaches?
Choices:
A psychrometer
B thermometer
C anemometer
D barometer | [INST] In an area that has a 1000-foot elevation, the boiling point of water is
[/INST]
[INST] In which of the following is the boiling point of water highest?
[/INST]
[INST] |
NYSEDREGENTS_2015_4_30 | Which human activity will help conserve Earth's natural resources? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"leaving the television on all day",
"recycling plastic bottles",
"cutting down trees",
"burning trash in the yard"
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | Which human activity will help conserve Earth's natural resources?
Choices:
A leaving the television on all day
B recycling plastic bottles
C cutting down trees
D burning trash in the yard | [INST] Insects can be a nuisance and carry disease. What is the best way to prevent insects from coming into the house?
Choices:
A leaving the windows open
B keeping the house clean
C keeping the house dark
D spraying with insecticide |
Mercury_7015925 | Which of these is most likely to create large areas of land subsidence? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"eruptions of volcanoes",
"extraction of ground water",
"global warming",
"greenhouse effect"
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | Which of these is most likely to create large areas of land subsidence?
Choices:
A eruptions of volcanoes
B extraction of ground water
C global warming
D greenhouse effect | [INST] In which of the following situations would a person be most likely to use a satellite navigational system?
Choices:
A traveling by car on a highway
B traveling by train on a railroad
C traveling by bicycle on a street
D travel by foot across an |
Mercury_7245578 | According to the endosymbiotic theory, the outer membrane of the chloroplast originated from which organelle? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"the lysosome of an engulfed prokaryotic cell",
"the chloroplast of an engulfed prokaryotic cell",
"the cell membrane of an eukaryotic host cell",
"the chloroplast of an eukaryotic host cell"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | According to the endosymbiotic theory, the outer membrane of the chloroplast originated from which organelle?
Choices:
A the lysosome of an engulfed prokaryotic cell
B the chloroplast of an engulfed prokaryotic cell
C the cell membrane of an eukaryotic host cell
D the chloroplast of an eukaryotic host cell | [REV] According to the endosymbiotic theory, the outer membrane of the chloroplast originated from the cell membrane of an eukaryotic host cell.
The endosymbiotic theory is a theory that explains the origin of the organelles of euk |
Mercury_7212940 | Two characteristics of the Nevada climate are low humidity and abundant sunshine. This combination of characteristics most likely results in | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"low altitude fog.",
"rapid evaporation.",
"high elevation snowfall.",
"frequent thunderstorms."
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | Two characteristics of the Nevada climate are low humidity and abundant sunshine. This combination of characteristics most likely results in
Choices:
A low altitude fog.
B rapid evaporation.
C high elevation snowfall.
D frequent thunderstorms. | [INST] In the arid zones of the world, plants tend to be either
A. deciduous.
B. perennial.
C. succulent.
D. evergreen. [/INST]
[INST] A community composed of a dominant species and a subordinate |
Mercury_7222670 | Structures in the universe are grouped into large systems, each of which are made up of smaller systems. Which of the following is the largest system of which Earth is only a very small part? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"Jovian planets",
"Halley's comet",
"Milky Way galaxy",
"Orion's belt"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | Structures in the universe are grouped into large systems, each of which are made up of smaller systems. Which of the following is the largest system of which Earth is only a very small part?
Choices:
A Jovian planets
B Halley's comet
C Milky Way galaxy
D Orion's belt | [INST] In the year 2000, the U.S. economy was the largest in the world. Which of the following describes the reason for the U.S.'s economic supremacy?
Choices:
A Its large population
B Its vast natural resources |
MCAS_2004_5_32 | Energy appears in many forms. What form of energy is lightning? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"electrical energy",
"mechanical energy",
"magnetic energy",
"sound energy"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | Energy appears in many forms. What form of energy is lightning?
Choices:
A electrical energy
B mechanical energy
C magnetic energy
D sound energy | [INST] In an electric circuit, the voltage is measured in _______.
Choices:
A volts
B amps
C watts
D ohms [/INST]
[INST] Which of the following is the correct formula for the electric power of an appl |
Mercury_7043873 | What happens to a moist air mass as it moves upward in the atmosphere? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"It becomes warmer and forms clouds.",
"It becomes cooler and forms clouds.",
"Its temperature remains the same.",
"Its temperature varies greatly."
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | What happens to a moist air mass as it moves upward in the atmosphere?
Choices:
A It becomes warmer and forms clouds.
B It becomes cooler and forms clouds.
C Its temperature remains the same.
D Its temperature varies greatly. | [INST] In the troposphere the temperature usually decreases with increasing altitude at a rate of -6.4°C/km. What determines the rate of decrease?
Choices:
A The presence of clouds.
B The presence of ozone.
C The amount |
Mercury_SC_LBS10680 | What allows a light bulb to give off light? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"the current flowing through the wire to the light bulb",
"the light bulb giving electrical energy to the battery",
"the light bulb generating heat energy",
"the battery pushing light through the wire"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | What allows a light bulb to give off light?
Choices:
A the current flowing through the wire to the light bulb
B the light bulb giving electrical energy to the battery
C the light bulb generating heat energy
D the battery pushing light through the wire | [INST] In an electric circuit, the voltage source is the part of the circuit that
A provides energy to the circuit
B gives the circuit a current
C controls the flow of current in the circuit
D gives the circuit energy [/INST]
[INST] In an electric circuit |
NYSEDREGENTS_2013_8_43 | Which type of energy is transferred from one object to another by simple machines? | {
"label": [
"1",
"2",
"3",
"4"
],
"text": [
"mechanical",
"chemical",
"nuclear",
"electrical"
]
} | 1 | ARC-Easy | Which type of energy is transferred from one object to another by simple machines?
Choices:
1 mechanical
2 chemical
3 nuclear
4 electrical | [INST] In an electric circuit, the voltage is measured in _______.
Choices:
1 volts
2 amps
3 watts
4 ohms [/INST]
[INST] Which energy transformation takes place when you crank the starter of your car |
Mercury_177188 | The smallest particle of matter that can be identified as an element is called | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"an atom.",
"a proton.",
"an electron.",
"a molecule."
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | The smallest particle of matter that can be identified as an element is called
Choices:
A an atom.
B a proton.
C an electron.
D a molecule. | [INST] In an atom, which of the following are examples of electrons?
Choices:
A the nucleus
B the protons
C the neutrons
D the electrons [/INST]
[INST] An element that is a nonmetal
Cho |
AKDE&ED_2008_8_38 | Which tool, when properly used, would best help a student classify a basket of apples into groups based on mass? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"balance",
"thermometer",
"meter stick",
"graduated cylinder"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | Which tool, when properly used, would best help a student classify a basket of apples into groups based on mass?
Choices:
A balance
B thermometer
C meter stick
D graduated cylinder | [INST] In an experiment about the relationship between distance and time, a student measures the time it takes for a ball to fall a certain distance. What is the independent variable?
Choices:
A the distance of the ball's fall
B the time the ball takes to fall |
Mercury_7215478 | Some dairy farmers want their cows to produce greater amounts of milk than average cows. Which process will help the dairy farmers develop cows with this trait? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"selective breeding",
"behavioral modification",
"ecological succession",
"geographical isolation"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | Some dairy farmers want their cows to produce greater amounts of milk than average cows. Which process will help the dairy farmers develop cows with this trait?
Choices:
A selective breeding
B behavioral modification
C ecological succession
D geographical isolation | ## Answer:
The correct answer is A.
## Explanation:
The correct answer is choice A.
Selective breeding is when a person selects animals with certain traits and breeds those animals with each other. This will make the offspring more likely to have |
Mercury_7007683 | Which parts of an atom are reactive during a chemical process? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"electrons",
"protons",
"neutrons",
"molecules"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | Which parts of an atom are reactive during a chemical process?
Choices:
A electrons
B protons
C neutrons
D molecules | [INST] In an isotope of an element, the number of neutrons in the atom is different from that in the most common isotope. Which of the following must also be different in the two atoms?
Choices:
A mass
B the number of protons |
Mercury_7160528 | Energy is absorbed and released through endothermic and exothermic processes. Which is an example of an exothermic process? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"ice melting",
"ice sublimating",
"water evaporating",
"water freezing"
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | Energy is absorbed and released through endothermic and exothermic processes. Which is an example of an exothermic process?
Choices:
A ice melting
B ice sublimating
C water evaporating
D water freezing | [INST] In an exothermic process, energy is released. Which is a good example of an exothermic process?
[/INST]
[INST] In an endothermic process, energy is absorbed. Which is a good example of an endothermic process? |
Mercury_7124355 | Which characteristic would a scientist most likely maintain throughout an investigation? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"being open to new ideas",
"sharing limited research",
"focus on completing research first",
"focus on formulating conclusions"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | Which characteristic would a scientist most likely maintain throughout an investigation?
Choices:
A being open to new ideas
B sharing limited research
C focus on completing research first
D focus on formulating conclusions | [INST] In an investigation, which of the following would be considered a hypothesis?
Choices:
A a scientific theory
B a scientific fact
C a possible explanation
D a conclusion [/INST]
[INST] An individual who is conducting an investigation should
Ch |
Mercury_7183523 | The growing human population has many practices that adversely impact the environment. Acid rain is one example of environmental damage that is related to human activities. Which human activity is most likely the largest contributor to acid rain? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"burning fossil fuels in power plants",
"using pesticides on agricultural crops",
"dumping waste matter into ocean waters",
"clearing native forests for industrialization"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | The growing human population has many practices that adversely impact the environment. Acid rain is one example of environmental damage that is related to human activities. Which human activity is most likely the largest contributor to acid rain?
Choices:
A burning fossil fuels in power plants
B using pesticides on agricultural crops
C dumping waste matter into ocean waters
D clearing native forests for industrialization | ## Answer:
The correct answer is A.
[SOL] Acid rain is caused from burning fossil fuels. The burning of fossil fuels causes the release of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides into the air. These two gases react with water and |
LEAP_2003_8_10393 | The process of cellular respiration occurs in | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"both plant and animal cells.",
"plant cells only.",
"animal cells only.",
"neither plant nor animal cells."
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | The process of cellular respiration occurs in
Choices:
A both plant and animal cells.
B plant cells only.
C animal cells only.
D neither plant nor animal cells. | [INST] In anaerobic respiration, the electrons are passed from the electron carrier to
Choices:
A oxygen.
B carbon dioxide.
C nitrogen.
D hydrogen. [/INST]
[INST] In anaer |
NYSEDREGENTS_2013_8_8 | Humans are protected from some infections by specialized cells which produce chemicals that | {
"label": [
"1",
"2",
"3",
"4"
],
"text": [
"destroy microbes",
"recycle nutrients",
"allow locomotion",
"coordinate movement"
]
} | 1 | ARC-Easy | Humans are protected from some infections by specialized cells which produce chemicals that
Choices:
1 destroy microbes
2 recycle nutrients
3 allow locomotion
4 coordinate movement | [INST] Insects can be protected from infections and dehydration by specialized cells which produce chemicals which
Choices:
1 destroy microbes
2 recycle nutrients
3 allow locomotion
4 coordinate movement [/INST]
[INST] B |
Mercury_7251003 | Which information does a student need to differentiate between the speed and the velocity of a vehicle in motion? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"the rate of the motion",
"the direction of the motion",
"the change in the amount of motion",
"the amount of distance traveled during motion"
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | Which information does a student need to differentiate between the speed and the velocity of a vehicle in motion?
Choices:
A the rate of the motion
B the direction of the motion
C the change in the amount of motion
D the amount of distance traveled during motion | [INST] In an experiment about the motion of a car and a bicycle, with the car traveling 10 meters per second and the bicycle traveling 2.0 meters per second, both travel the same distance in time. Which conclusion can be drawn from the experimental data?
Cho |
TIMSS_2007_8_pg130 | Where is most fresh (non-salty) water on Earth located? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"oceans",
"rivers",
"lakes",
"polar ice caps"
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | Where is most fresh (non-salty) water on Earth located?
Choices:
A oceans
B rivers
C lakes
D polar ice caps | [INST] In which year did the first humans walk on the moon?
Choices:
A 1969
B 1970
C 1971
D 1972 [/INST]
[INST] What is the name |
Mercury_SC_400526 | The water cycle includes which processes? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"evaporation, condensation, precipitation",
"metamorphosis, evaporation, respiration",
"precipitation, perspiration, mitosis",
"fixation, decomposition, respiration"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | The water cycle includes which processes?
Choices:
A evaporation, condensation, precipitation
B metamorphosis, evaporation, respiration
C precipitation, perspiration, mitosis
D fixation, decomposition, respiration | [INST] In an aquatic environment, what is the most important limiting factor?
Choices:
A the amount of sunlight that reaches the organisms
B the amount of oxygen in the water
C the presence of toxic chemicals
D the amount of dissolved nutrients
[ |
MEA_2014_5_15 | Which type of organism is made of one cell? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"trees",
"bacteria",
"fern",
"fish"
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | Which type of organism is made of one cell?
Choices:
A trees
B bacteria
C fern
D fish | [INST] Which type of organism is an invertebrate?
Choices:
A bird
B butterfly
C dog
D flea [/INST]
[INST] Which of these is a producer?
Choices:
A apple |
MCAS_2011_8_17685 | Human activity most likely contributes to which of the following changes on Earth? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"an increase in the length of a day",
"a decrease in the number of volcanic eruptions",
"a decrease in the magnitude of large earthquakes",
"an increase in the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide"
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | Human activity most likely contributes to which of the following changes on Earth?
Choices:
A an increase in the length of a day
B a decrease in the number of volcanic eruptions
C a decrease in the magnitude of large earthquakes
D an increase in the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide | [INST] In recent years, which of the following has been observed to be a growing problem in the Earth's atmosphere?
[/INST]
[INST] In which of the following ways does the presence of volcanoes on the Earth's surface help to determine the Earth |
NYSEDREGENTS_2008_8_26 | Studies of earthquake waves have helped scientists determine the | {
"label": [
"1",
"2",
"3",
"4"
],
"text": [
"structure of Earth's interior",
"depth of the oceans",
"cause of dinosaur extinction",
"age of Earth"
]
} | 1 | ARC-Easy | Studies of earthquake waves have helped scientists determine the
Choices:
1 structure of Earth's interior
2 depth of the oceans
3 cause of dinosaur extinction
4 age of Earth | [INST] In recent years, scientists have confirmed the presence of water on Mars. What is the most likely source of the water?
[1/2/2]
1 groundwater
2 runoff
3 rainfall
4 snowfall [/INST]
[INST] Water is |
MEA_2016_8_19 | In what unit of time does Earth orbit the Sun? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"day",
"month",
"year",
"century"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | In what unit of time does Earth orbit the Sun?
Choices:
A day
B month
C year
D century | [INST] In what unit of time does the Moon orbit the Earth?
Choices:
A day
B month
C year
D century [/INST]
[INST] In what unit of time does the Earth orbit the Sun?
Choices:
A |
MEA_2014_5_3 | What happens when a warm object is put inside a cooler object? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"The warm object loses energy and the cool object gains energy so that both objects stay at different temperatures.",
"The warm object gains energy and the cool object loses energy so that both objects stay at different temperatures.",
"The warm object loses energy and the cool object gains energy until both objects are the same temperature.",
"The warm object gains energy and the cool object loses energy until both objects are the same temperature."
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | What happens when a warm object is put inside a cooler object?
Choices:
A The warm object loses energy and the cool object gains energy so that both objects stay at different temperatures.
B The warm object gains energy and the cool object loses energy so that both objects stay at different temperatures.
C The warm object loses energy and the cool object gains energy until both objects are the same temperature.
D The warm object gains energy and the cool object loses energy until both objects are the same temperature. | [HINT][/HINT]
[SOL]C[/SOL]
[IMG][/IMG] |
Mercury_7034895 | One difference between a chemical formula and a chemical equation is that the chemical equation shows | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"abbreviations for each element.",
"the number of atoms per element.",
"what elements are in each molecule.",
"the chemical reaction that takes place."
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | One difference between a chemical formula and a chemical equation is that the chemical equation shows
Choices:
A abbreviations for each element.
B the number of atoms per element.
C what elements are in each molecule.
D the chemical reaction that takes place. | [INST] In a chemical reaction, the number of atoms and molecules of a substance may change. This change in the number of atoms or molecules determines the chemical equation. [/INST]
[INST] A chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. It shows the react |
MCAS_2004_8_35 | Which of the following planets has the shortest orbit around the Sun? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"Earth",
"Mars",
"Mercury",
"Venus"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | Which of the following planets has the shortest orbit around the Sun?
Choices:
A Earth
B Mars
C Mercury
D Venus | [INST] Which of the following planets has the largest orbit around the Sun?
Choices:
A Earth
B Mars
C Mercury
D Venus [/INST]
[INST] Which of the following planets has the shortest day?
Choices: |
Mercury_SC_406663 | A student plans to write a report about a type of bird that includes only facts. Which statement should the student leave out of the report? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"These birds are blue.",
"These birds are beautiful.",
"Most of these birds are 13 cm tall.",
"Most of these birds are about 10 grams."
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | A student plans to write a report about a type of bird that includes only facts. Which statement should the student leave out of the report?
Choices:
A These birds are blue.
B These birds are beautiful.
C Most of these birds are 13 cm tall.
D Most of these birds are about 10 grams. | [INST] In an article about a new type of music, a student writes a sentence with the words "instrumental" and "dance." Which sentence should the student write?
Choices:
A This music is instrumental.
B This music is a dance.
C This |
Mercury_7017885 | The motion of atoms and molecules in a substance is | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"thermal energy.",
"chemical energy.",
"mechanical energy.",
"electromagnetic energy."
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | The motion of atoms and molecules in a substance is
Choices:
A thermal energy.
B chemical energy.
C mechanical energy.
D electromagnetic energy. | [INST] In an isothermal expansion, the pressure and temperature of a gas are held constant. This type of expansion is most easily accomplished by
Choices:
A compressing the gas at the end of each stroke.
B keeping the volume of the gas constant.
C decre |
Mercury_7072625 | The human brain is an organ that is made up of many tissues. This information can be used to determine that the brain is | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"unicellular.",
"multicellular.",
"part of a bacterial colony.",
"able to function independently."
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | The human brain is an organ that is made up of many tissues. This information can be used to determine that the brain is
Choices:
A unicellular.
B multicellular.
C part of a bacterial colony.
D able to function independently. | Question 1 of 7
Which of the following is a characteristic of neurons?
Choices:
A Unicellular.
B Multicellular.
C Part of a bacterial colony.
D Able to function independently. [/INST]
Question 2 of |
Mercury_SC_400125 | The shape of a riverbed changes over time as a result of which gradual process? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"erosion",
"dissolving",
"plate shifting",
"compaction"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | The shape of a riverbed changes over time as a result of which gradual process?
Choices:
A erosion
B dissolving
C plate shifting
D compaction | [INST] In an arid region, what is the most suitable plant?
Choices:
A Bamboo
B Tamarind
C Cactus
D Mango [/INST]
[INST] A group of fishes that live together in a lake are |
Mercury_SC_406653 | What is one function of tree roots? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"to absorb sunlight",
"to absorb water",
"to make seeds",
"to make food"
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | What is one function of tree roots?
Choices:
A to absorb sunlight
B to absorb water
C to make seeds
D to make food | [INST] Insects can be a problem for trees and shrubs. What is one way to prevent insects from affecting the plant?
Choices:
A to use chemicals
B to use pesticides
C to use insecticides
D to use fungic |
Mercury_7217228 | Which of the following will always produce a magnetic force on a nearby iron nail? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"a long piece of copper wire",
"a large static electric charge",
"an electric current",
"an electric field"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | Which of the following will always produce a magnetic force on a nearby iron nail?
Choices:
A a long piece of copper wire
B a large static electric charge
C an electric current
D an electric field | [INST] In an electric circuit, the voltage drop across a resistor is a direct measure of the ______ in the circuit.
Choices:
A current
B potential difference
C voltage
D charge [/INST]
[INST] When you turn on an electric |
TIMSS_2003_8_pg18 | One of the main causes of acid rain is | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"Waste from nuclear power plants",
"Spills from chemical manufacturing plants",
"Gases from burning fossil fuels",
"Gases from aerosol spray cans"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | One of the main causes of acid rain is
Choices:
A Waste from nuclear power plants
B Spills from chemical manufacturing plants
C Gases from burning fossil fuels
D Gases from aerosol spray cans | [INST] In recent years, scientists have become increasingly concerned about the possible effects of global warming. This is because the burning of fossil fuels results in the emission of gases that trap heat in the atmosphere, possibly contributing to global warming.
Which of the following, if true, |
Mercury_7212503 | Sir Isaac Newton stated that every object in the universe attracts matter. The attraction depends on the mass of an object and the distance between the objects. What type of force did Newton describe? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"centripetal force",
"generalized force",
"centrifugal force",
"gravitational force"
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | Sir Isaac Newton stated that every object in the universe attracts matter. The attraction depends on the mass of an object and the distance between the objects. What type of force did Newton describe?
Choices:
A centripetal force
B generalized force
C centrifugal force
D gravitational force | [INST] In an inertial reference frame, a force does what?
Choices:
A causes a change in the motion of a body
B causes a change in the shape of a body
C causes a change in the position of a body
D causes a change in the |
Mercury_7217875 | Water vapor sometimes condenses into stratus clouds that are in contact with the ground. What forms as a result of this process? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"ozone",
"methane",
"fog",
"smoke"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | Water vapor sometimes condenses into stratus clouds that are in contact with the ground. What forms as a result of this process?
Choices:
A ozone
B methane
C fog
D smoke | [INST] In the year 1800, the atmosphere of the Earth contained 260 parts per million by volume of carbon dioxide. In 1990, the concentration was about 340 ppm. What is the percent change in the amount of carbon dio |
Mercury_7210105 | A student records the temperature in the schoolyard every day for a month. Which is the best way to present the temperature data so each day can be compared? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"summary paragraph",
"labeled diagram",
"pie chart",
"bar graph"
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | A student records the temperature in the schoolyard every day for a month. Which is the best way to present the temperature data so each day can be compared?
Choices:
A summary paragraph
B labeled diagram
C pie chart
D bar graph | [INST] In an experiment about the effects of exercise on blood pressure, a researcher studies two groups of students. One group exercises daily. The other group does not. The students start the exercise program at the beginning of the school year. What would be the best way to organize the data collected from the |
Mercury_SC_402074 | When entire communities in an ecosystem change over time, it is known as | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"migration.",
"extinction.",
"overpopulation.",
"ecological succession."
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | When entire communities in an ecosystem change over time, it is known as
Choices:
A migration.
B extinction.
C overpopulation.
D ecological succession. | [INST] In an ecosystem, which of the following would be considered a primary consumer?
Choices:
a plant
b bacteria
c a wolf
d a human [/INST]
[INST] Which of the following is a characteristic of an ecosystem?
Cho |
Mercury_SC_LBS10344 | How does the presence of organic matter contribute to good soil? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"It adds nutrients to the soil.",
"It helps the soil to dry out.",
"It keeps the soil cool.",
"It destroys bacteria in the soil."
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | How does the presence of organic matter contribute to good soil?
Choices:
A It adds nutrients to the soil.
B It helps the soil to dry out.
C It keeps the soil cool.
D It destroys bacteria in the soil. | [INST] Insects can be a problem in a garden. What is a good way to control insects without using chemicals?
Choices:
A Covering plants with old clothes will keep the insects away.
B A fence around the garden will keep the insects out. |
Mercury_7240923 | Which statement describes the most likely effect of transformation on bacteria such as E. coli? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"Transformed bacteria express a new protein product.",
"Transformed bacteria have multiple chromosomes.",
"Transformed bacteria reproduce more quickly.",
"Transformed bacteria become a new species."
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | Which statement describes the most likely effect of transformation on bacteria such as E. coli?
Choices:
A Transformed bacteria express a new protein product.
B Transformed bacteria have multiple chromosomes.
C Transformed bacteria reproduce more quickly.
D Transformed bacteria become a new species. | [INST] In an experiment, bacteria are transformed by a plasmid that contains a gene for penicillin resistance. Which statement best describes the results of the experiment?
Choices:
A The transformed bacteria are resistant to penicillin.
B The transformed bacteria have |
Mercury_7221393 | Which substance is composed of only one type of atom? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"water",
"gold",
"salt",
"sugar"
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | Which substance is composed of only one type of atom?
Choices:
A water
B gold
C salt
D sugar | [INST] Which substance is composed of only one type of atom?
Choices:
A water
B gold
C salt
D sugar [/INST]
Answer: D salt
[INST] Which substance is composed of only one type of atom?
Ch |
Mercury_SC_401264 | The vertical axis on a graph is the y-axis. What is most likely placed along the y-axis? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"element symbols",
"negative numbers",
"dependent variables",
"independent variables"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | The vertical axis on a graph is the y-axis. What is most likely placed along the y-axis?
Choices:
A element symbols
B negative numbers
C dependent variables
D independent variables | [REV] This is a question measuring an understanding of the y-axis.
The vertical axis is usually the y-axis. The y-axis is most likely to be used to plot dependent variables. The y-axis is usually plotted with positive numbers. Element symbols are not plotted |
Mercury_7228200 | Ribosomes present in a particular cell are smaller than those found in plants. In which taxonomic group or groups could the cell be classified? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"fungi only",
"archaea only",
"bacteria or archaea",
"bacteria or fungi"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | Ribosomes present in a particular cell are smaller than those found in plants. In which taxonomic group or groups could the cell be classified?
Choices:
A fungi only
B archaea only
C bacteria or archaea
D bacteria or fungi | [REV] This is a difficult question. The question is asking for a taxonomic group. This is referring to the classification of organisms. This is a taxonomic question.
The question stem is asking to determine the taxonomic group that is correct. This means that the answer |
Mercury_7077490 | Which is needed to determine the amount of gravitational force between two objects? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"weight and time",
"distance and mass",
"volume and mass",
"area and weight"
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | Which is needed to determine the amount of gravitational force between two objects?
Choices:
A weight and time
B distance and mass
C volume and mass
D area and weight | [INST] In an experiment about the relationship between distance and force, what would a graph show?
Choices:
A decreasing slope as the distance increases
B a constant slope as the distance increases
C an increasing slope as the distance decreases
D an increasing slope as the distance |
Mercury_405777 | What is the most important property architects must consider when selecting materials for the walls, ceilings, and floors for a new concert hall? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"thermal properties",
"chemical properties",
"electrical properties",
"acoustical properties"
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | What is the most important property architects must consider when selecting materials for the walls, ceilings, and floors for a new concert hall?
Choices:
A thermal properties
B chemical properties
C electrical properties
D acoustical properties | [INST] In an integrated design process, what is the most important step?
Choices:
A Establish project goals.
B Complete the schematic design.
C Develop the final design.
D Obtain project approval. [/INST]
[INST] What is |
Mercury_7198993 | Gel electrophoresis is a technology which allows researchers to reliably separate and sort DNA fragments. This technology is most useful for which application? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"selective breeding",
"medical gene repair",
"genetic engineering",
"cell metabolism analysis"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | Gel electrophoresis is a technology which allows researchers to reliably separate and sort DNA fragments. This technology is most useful for which application?
Choices:
A selective breeding
B medical gene repair
C genetic engineering
D cell metabolism analysis | [INST] In the context of biotechnology, what does the phrase "morphogenesis" describe?
Choices:
A the process of creating a new organism
B the process of modifying an existing organism
C the process of mutating DNA
D the |
Mercury_7217718 | In the 1970s, the pesticide DDT was used to kill insects that damaged fruit and vegetable crops. Most insects died from being exposed to DDT, but some survived. These surviving insects contributed to an increase in their population by | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"migrating to habitats that had different types of crops.",
"learning how to avoid being exposed to DDT.",
"passing the gene for DDT resistance to their offspring.",
"competing with other types of insects for food."
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | In the 1970s, the pesticide DDT was used to kill insects that damaged fruit and vegetable crops. Most insects died from being exposed to DDT, but some survived. These surviving insects contributed to an increase in their population by
Choices:
A migrating to habitats that had different types of crops.
B learning how to avoid being exposed to DDT.
C passing the gene for DDT resistance to their offspring.
D competing with other types of insects for food. | ## 79728578_670067028671344_6781377400144892719_n.jpg
[INST] In the 1970 |
Mercury_SC_401403 | Animals and plants need oxygen to live. Oxygen is released in photosynthesis. Which cycle includes photosynthesis? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"the carbon cycle",
"the nitrogen cycle",
"the water cycle",
"the rock cycle"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | Animals and plants need oxygen to live. Oxygen is released in photosynthesis. Which cycle includes photosynthesis?
Choices:
A the carbon cycle
B the nitrogen cycle
C the water cycle
D the rock cycle | [INST] In the water cycle, the sun heats and evaporates water from the surface of the ocean. The evaporated water rises into the air. As the air cools, the evaporated water condenses into clouds. The water then falls to the earth in the form of |
Mercury_SC_415584 | A class measures the time it takes for two different trucks to drive across the parking lot. How can they tell which truck is faster? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"The truck that starts moving first is faster.",
"The truck that takes less time is faster.",
"The truck that has bigger tires is faster.",
"The truck that takes more time is faster."
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | A class measures the time it takes for two different trucks to drive across the parking lot. How can they tell which truck is faster?
Choices:
A The truck that starts moving first is faster.
B The truck that takes less time is faster.
C The truck that has bigger tires is faster.
D The truck that takes more time is faster. | [INST] In an experiment about the speed of light, a beam of light from a laser is split in two. One beam goes straight across the room. The other beam goes straight up to a mirror and reflects back down to the room. What happens to the light beams?
A Both beams |
Mercury_7267838 | Which of the following is most necessary for life to develop on another planet? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"liquid water",
"rocky surfaces",
"warm soil",
"atmospheric oxygen"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | Which of the following is most necessary for life to develop on another planet?
Choices:
A liquid water
B rocky surfaces
C warm soil
D atmospheric oxygen | [INST] In the year 570 C.E., a man named Muhammad was born in what is now Saudi Arabia.
Choices:
A As a child, Muhammad learned the Koran, which is the holy book of Islam, from a Muslim scholar.
B Muhammad |
Mercury_7004988 | How are igneous and sedimentary rocks similar? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"They are both formed by erosion.",
"They are both formed from cooled lava.",
"Heat and pressure can turn them into lava.",
"Heat and pressure can turn them into metamorphic rock."
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | How are igneous and sedimentary rocks similar?
Choices:
A They are both formed by erosion.
B They are both formed from cooled lava.
C Heat and pressure can turn them into lava.
D Heat and pressure can turn them into metamorphic rock. | [INST] In which of the following processes does a substance change from a liquid to a solid?
Choices:
A evaporation
B condensation
C evaporation and condensation
D sublimation [/INST]
[INST] What is the |
Mercury_SC_402094 | The area of a small ocean island is slowly shrinking. This is most likely the result of which occurrence? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"plant growth",
"beach erosion",
"dissolving rock",
"falling water"
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | The area of a small ocean island is slowly shrinking. This is most likely the result of which occurrence?
Choices:
A plant growth
B beach erosion
C dissolving rock
D falling water | [INST] In an experiment about plants, one plant is placed in a container filled with water and light. The plant dies after a period of time. Which of the following processes is occurring?
Choices:
A transpiration
B photosynthesis
C respiration
D |
MCAS_2004_5_22 | An earthworm was placed on top of a thick layer of moist topsoil in a pan. The pan was placed in a room with the lights on. How did the earthworm most likely respond to these conditions? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"by burrowing under the soil",
"by crawling around in the pan",
"by staying where it was placed",
"by trying to crawl out of the pan"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | An earthworm was placed on top of a thick layer of moist topsoil in a pan. The pan was placed in a room with the lights on. How did the earthworm most likely respond to these conditions?
Choices:
A by burrowing under the soil
B by crawling around in the pan
C by staying where it was placed
D by trying to crawl out of the pan | [INST] Insects can perceive light by means of their compound eyes. What is the advantage of having compound eyes?
[/INST]
[INST] Insects can perceive light by means of their compound eyes. What is the advantage of having compound eyes? |
MCAS_1998_4_7 | 7. What is the cause of most earthquakes? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"the rotation of Earth",
"the direction of the wind",
"the pull of Earth's gravity",
"the movement of plates on Earth's crust"
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | 7. What is the cause of most earthquakes?
Choices:
A the rotation of Earth
B the direction of the wind
C the pull of Earth's gravity
D the movement of plates on Earth's crust | [INST] 8. What causes the seasons?
Choices:
A the tilt of Earth's axis
B the rotation of Earth
C the pull of Earth's gravity
D the movement of plates on Earth's crust [/INST]
[INST] |
Mercury_7207183 | Sandstone and all other types of sedimentary rock are made up of particles. The source materials of these particles consist of | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"fragments that broke off of older rocks.",
"magma that cooled deep below a volcano.",
"gases that condensed in the atmosphere.",
"vegetation that decayed in thick layers."
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | Sandstone and all other types of sedimentary rock are made up of particles. The source materials of these particles consist of
Choices:
A fragments that broke off of older rocks.
B magma that cooled deep below a volcano.
C gases that condensed in the atmosphere.
D vegetation that decayed in thick layers. | [INST] In the geologic column, which layer is shown above?
Choices:
A Unconformity
B Igneous rock
C Fossil layer
D Metamorphic rock [/INST]
[INST] This figure shows the Earth |
Mercury_7236495 | Scientists theorize that the original atmosphere of Earth was stripped away by the solar wind shortly after the formation of the planet. The Jovian planets are far enough from the Sun that the solar wind has less of an impact. Studies of the Jovian planets suggest the early atmosphere of Earth was mainly composed of which two gases? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"oxygen and argon",
"hydrogen and helium",
"carbon dioxide and nitrogen",
"sulfur dioxide and water vapor"
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | Scientists theorize that the original atmosphere of Earth was stripped away by the solar wind shortly after the formation of the planet. The Jovian planets are far enough from the Sun that the solar wind has less of an impact. Studies of the Jovian planets suggest the early atmosphere of Earth was mainly composed of which two gases?
Choices:
A oxygen and argon
B hydrogen and helium
C carbon dioxide and nitrogen
D sulfur dioxide and water vapor | [REV] Scientists theorize that the original atmosphere of Earth was stripped away by the solar wind shortly after the formation of the planet. The Jovian planets are far enough from the Sun that the solar wind has less of an impact. Studies of the Jovian planets suggest the early atmosphere |
Mercury_7223948 | Which material has the least resistance to the flow of electricity? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"rubber",
"aluminum",
"granite",
"wood"
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | Which material has the least resistance to the flow of electricity?
Choices:
A rubber
B aluminum
C granite
D wood | [INST] In an electric circuit, the resistor that has the highest resistance is called the _________.
Choices:
A resistor
B inductor
C capacitor
D voltage [/INST]
[INST] A resistor has the same resistance
Ch |
Mercury_191503 | What is the primary function of white blood cells in humans? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"carry oxygen",
"fight disease",
"grow tissues",
"remove waste"
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | What is the primary function of white blood cells in humans?
Choices:
A carry oxygen
B fight disease
C grow tissues
D remove waste | [INST] In humans, the production of what is called the “acid mantle” is associated with which cell?
Choices:
A red blood cells
B white blood cells
C stem cells
D skin cells [/INST]
[INST] What is the primary |
MCAS_2005_5_22 | What happens to the path of a light ray as it passes from air into water at an angle? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"Its path widens.",
"Its path bends.",
"Its path becomes shorter.",
"Its path continues in a straight line."
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | What happens to the path of a light ray as it passes from air into water at an angle?
Choices:
A Its path widens.
B Its path bends.
C Its path becomes shorter.
D Its path continues in a straight line. | [INST] In an experiment, a flashlight is aimed at a water surface. What occurs when light passes from air into water?
Choices:
A The light refracts.
B The light diffracts.
C The light reflects.
D The light absorbs. |
Mercury_7263428 | Which are replenished more quickly than they are used? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"energy resources",
"material resources",
"renewable resources",
"nonrenewable resources"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | Which are replenished more quickly than they are used?
Choices:
A energy resources
B material resources
C renewable resources
D nonrenewable resources | [INST] In an economy, which of the following would be considered a capital good?
Choices:
A a computer
B a cell phone
C a computer program
D a video game [/INST]
[INST] A good is anything produced for the purpose of being |
Mercury_7179865 | The Hubble Space Telescope is a telescope that NASA launched into space in 1990. Scientists most likely prefer to use the Hubble Space Telescope instead of a land-based telescope because it provides better accuracy at | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"predicting solar eclipses.",
"investigating faraway galaxies.",
"investigating the size of Venus.",
"predicting the phases of the Moon."
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | The Hubble Space Telescope is a telescope that NASA launched into space in 1990. Scientists most likely prefer to use the Hubble Space Telescope instead of a land-based telescope because it provides better accuracy at
Choices:
A predicting solar eclipses.
B investigating faraway galaxies.
C investigating the size of Venus.
D predicting the phases of the Moon. | ## 7.7285782670067
### The correct answer is B.
[SOL] Scientists most likely prefer to use the Hubble Space Telescope instead of a land-based telescope because it provides better accuracy at investigating |
Mercury_SC_400843 | Which material is attracted to a magnet? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"iron",
"wood",
"plastic",
"ice"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | Which material is attracted to a magnet?
Choices:
A iron
B wood
C plastic
D ice | [INST] Which material is NOT attracted to a magnet?
Choices:
A iron
B wood
C plastic
D ice [/INST]
[INST] Which material is attracted to a magnet?
Choices:
A iron
B wood
C plastic |
LEAP__7_10345 | What is the main reason humans need nitrogen to survive? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"Nitrogen is used in respiration to generate energy.",
"Nitrogen is used in making the proteins in the body.",
"Nitrogen is used to help the body eliminate wastes.",
"Nitrogen is used by nerve cells to conduct impulses."
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | What is the main reason humans need nitrogen to survive?
Choices:
A Nitrogen is used in respiration to generate energy.
B Nitrogen is used in making the proteins in the body.
C Nitrogen is used to help the body eliminate wastes.
D Nitrogen is used by nerve cells to conduct impulses. | [INST] In the cell, nitrogen is taken in and stored as:
Choices:
A glucose
B nitrate
C urea
D proteins [/INST]
[INST] Which of the following is the most common form of nitrogen found in |
VASoL_2010_3_20 | Having dry, hot weather for a long time can cause a | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"drought",
"thunderstorm",
"tornado",
"flood"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | Having dry, hot weather for a long time can cause a
Choices:
A drought
B thunderstorm
C tornado
D flood | [INST] Having dry, hot weather for a long time can cause a
A drought
B thunderstorm
C tornado
D flood [/INST]
[QUESTION] [CHOICE=A]A drought [/CHOICE]
[QUESTION |
Mercury_7122850 | After a star runs out of most of its hydrogen fuel, it becomes hotter and more luminous. What stage does this represent in the life cycle of a star? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"quasar",
"protostar",
"red giant",
"white dwarf"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | After a star runs out of most of its hydrogen fuel, it becomes hotter and more luminous. What stage does this represent in the life cycle of a star?
Choices:
A quasar
B protostar
C red giant
D white dwarf | [INST] In the H-R diagram, a star’s location represents a stage in its life cycle. Where would a star be located that is:
Choices:
A in the process of becoming a white dwarf
B in the process of becoming a red giant
C in |
Mercury_7018498 | Beakers and graduated cylinders are designed to measure | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"mass.",
"density.",
"volume.",
"viscosity."
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | Beakers and graduated cylinders are designed to measure
Choices:
A mass.
B density.
C volume.
D viscosity. | [INST] In an experiment about the volume of a substance and its weight, a substance with the same mass but different volume is chosen. The substance that has the same mass but different volume is
Choices:
A a liquid.
B a solid.
C a gas.
D |
TIMSS_2003_8_pg99 | Animals and plants are made up of a number of different chemical elements. What happens to all of these elements when animals and plants die? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"They die with the animal or plant.",
"They evaporate into the atmosphere.",
"They are recycled back into the environment.",
"They change into different elements."
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | Animals and plants are made up of a number of different chemical elements. What happens to all of these elements when animals and plants die?
Choices:
A They die with the animal or plant.
B They evaporate into the atmosphere.
C They are recycled back into the environment.
D They change into different elements. | [INST] Insects can be a nuisance and carry disease, but they are also very useful. Why?
Choices:
A Insects help to keep animals in good health.
B Insects make good pets.
C Insects make good medicine. |
Mercury_SC_LBS10177 | Earthquakes are vibrations of Earth's crust. What device is used to measure the size of an earthquake? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"barometer",
"Doppler radar",
"depth scale",
"seismograph"
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | Earthquakes are vibrations of Earth's crust. What device is used to measure the size of an earthquake?
Choices:
A barometer
B Doppler radar
C depth scale
D seismograph | [INST] In an earthquake, the ground surface moves in a horizontal direction. What is the best term for describing the movement?
Choices:
A faulting
B seismic waves
C uplift
D vibration [/INST]
[INST] What |
AKDE&ED_2008_8_50 | Which statement best describes how energy transfer within Earth's atmosphere can affect a weather condition? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"During radiation, objects directly transfer heat to each other which affects the air temperature.",
"During radiation, electromagnetic waves transfer heat and light energy which affects the air temperature.",
"During convection, objects directly transfer heat to each other which affects the amount of precipitation.",
"During convection, electromagnetic waves transfer heat and light energy which affects the amount of precipitation."
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | Which statement best describes how energy transfer within Earth's atmosphere can affect a weather condition?
Choices:
A During radiation, objects directly transfer heat to each other which affects the air temperature.
B During radiation, electromagnetic waves transfer heat and light energy which affects the air temperature.
C During convection, objects directly transfer heat to each other which affects the amount of precipitation.
D During convection, electromagnetic waves transfer heat and light energy which affects the amount of precipitation. | [INST] Which statement best describes how the angle of incidence of solar radiation affects the amount of light energy received by Earth?
[/INST]
[INST] Which statement best describes the process of photosynthesis?
Choices:
A Photosynthesis |
Mercury_7068705 | Some plants need to be in an environment where water drains easily. Which type of soil content will best benefit these plants? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"sand",
"shale",
"clay",
"silt"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | Some plants need to be in an environment where water drains easily. Which type of soil content will best benefit these plants?
Choices:
A sand
B shale
C clay
D silt | ## Answer:
[ANS] [A]sand[/ANS]
[EXP] [EXP]
[EXP]Sand is made up of very small rocks. Sand is made up of very small rocks. It doesn’t hold water well. It is also an |
LEAP__4_10228 | On a field trip in a wooded area, you see a small, strange object. You wonder whether it is a live animal. The best way to find out is to observe the object to see if it | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"has an odor.",
"has separate parts.",
"can make a noise and has a lifelike color.",
"carries out basic life functions."
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | On a field trip in a wooded area, you see a small, strange object. You wonder whether it is a live animal. The best way to find out is to observe the object to see if it
Choices:
A has an odor.
B has separate parts.
C can make a noise and has a lifelike color.
D carries out basic life functions. | [ANS][A][/ANS]
[EXPL] The first principle of life science is that living things are either plants or animals. Living things that are neither plants nor animals are called microorganisms. This principle is a scientific statement, which is a collection of facts that is supported |
Mercury_SC_405881 | Recycling is important to the environment because it | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"is a good way to earn money.",
"produces more carbon dioxide for plants.",
"decreases the amount of natural resources.",
"is a way of conserving nonrenewable resources."
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | Recycling is important to the environment because it
Choices:
A is a good way to earn money.
B produces more carbon dioxide for plants.
C decreases the amount of natural resources.
D is a way of conserving nonrenewable resources. | ## Answer:
The correct answer is [D]. Recycling is a way of conserving nonrenewable resources.
Recycling is a way of conserving nonrenewable resources. Recycling helps the environment in two ways. First, it reduces the need to harvest |
Mercury_7141785 | Which calculation is used to determine acceleration? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"divide change in velocity by change in time",
"multiply average velocity by change in time",
"divide average velocity by mass",
"multiply change in velocity by distance traveled"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | Which calculation is used to determine acceleration?
Choices:
A divide change in velocity by change in time
B multiply average velocity by change in time
C divide average velocity by mass
D multiply change in velocity by distance traveled | [INST] In an inelastic collision, the final and initial kinetic energies are _________.
Choices:
A different
B the same
C dependent on mass
D dependent on velocity [/INST]
[INST] In an inelastic collision, the |
MCAS_2009_5_6511 | A student hears the sound of a bell. Which of the following carries the sound of the bell to the student? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"electrical currents",
"magnetic signals",
"radio waves",
"vibrating air"
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | A student hears the sound of a bell. Which of the following carries the sound of the bell to the student?
Choices:
A electrical currents
B magnetic signals
C radio waves
D vibrating air | [INST] In an electric circuit, the voltage is measured in _______.
Choices:
A volts
B amps
C watts
D ohms [/INST]
[INST] Which of the following is the correct formula for the electric current? |
Mercury_416374 | Which surgery is most like the way a transgenic organism is made? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"Adelle receives an artificial hip to ease her arthritis.",
"Kwan receives a pacemaker to regulate his heartbeat.",
"Hector receives a replacement heart valve from a cow.",
"Denise receives a kidney donated by her identical twin."
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | Which surgery is most like the way a transgenic organism is made?
Choices:
A Adelle receives an artificial hip to ease her arthritis.
B Kwan receives a pacemaker to regulate his heartbeat.
C Hector receives a replacement heart valve from a cow.
D Denise receives a kidney donated by her identical twin. | [INST] In each of the following situations, a gene has been introduced into a cell. What was the mechanism used to introduce the gene?
Choices:
A Electroporation
B Calcium phosphate
C Retrovirus
D Microinjection [/INST] |
Mercury_7163328 | In a forest ecosystem, the squirrels eat seeds from trees. The squirrels are then eaten by hawks, owls, and foxes. If there were no more owls present in this ecosystem, which would most likely happen in the forest? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"The squirrel population would increase.",
"The hawk population would decrease.",
"The fox population would decrease.",
"The tree population would increase."
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | In a forest ecosystem, the squirrels eat seeds from trees. The squirrels are then eaten by hawks, owls, and foxes. If there were no more owls present in this ecosystem, which would most likely happen in the forest?
Choices:
A The squirrel population would increase.
B The hawk population would decrease.
C The fox population would decrease.
D The tree population would increase. | [INST] In a forest ecosystem, the squirrels eat seeds from trees. The squirrels are then eaten by hawks, owls, and foxes. If there were no more owls present in this ecosystem, which would most likely happen in the forest? |
Mercury_SC_LBS10390 | A cold-blooded vertebrate with smooth skin belongs to what class of animals? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"reptile",
"fish",
"amphibian",
"mammal"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | A cold-blooded vertebrate with smooth skin belongs to what class of animals?
Choices:
A reptile
B fish
C amphibian
D mammal | [INST] Insects are:
Choices:
a. worms
b. spiders
c. molluscs [/INST]
[INST] Bats are:
Choices:
a. mammals
b. insects
c |
ACTAAP_2013_7_13 | Xylem cells have very thick walls. They make up most of a tree trunk and its branches. What system in vertebrates provides the same function as the xylem cells in a tree? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"the skeletal system",
"the endocrine system",
"the respiratory system",
"the integumentary system"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | Xylem cells have very thick walls. They make up most of a tree trunk and its branches. What system in vertebrates provides the same function as the xylem cells in a tree?
Choices:
A the skeletal system
B the endocrine system
C the respiratory system
D the integumentary system | [INST] In vertebrates the integumentary system is best known for providing _________.
Choices:
A defense against pathogens
B protection from the environment
C storage of lipids
D oxygen for respiration [/INST]
[INST] |
NYSEDREGENTS_2012_4_17 | Which characteristic helps some animals defend themselves against predators? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"strong odor",
"poor hearing",
"weak eyesight",
"shivering"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | Which characteristic helps some animals defend themselves against predators?
Choices:
A strong odor
B poor hearing
C weak eyesight
D shivering | [INST] Insects can perceive the world around them using:
Choices:
A echolocation
B the sense of smell
C electroreception
D both E and B [/INST]
[INST] Which is an example of an animal that uses |
Mercury_7239138 | The complex, three-dimensional structure of a protein is sensitive to heat because the structure is maintained by | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"hydrogen bonds.",
"covalent bonds.",
"Brownian motion.",
"magnetic fields."
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | The complex, three-dimensional structure of a protein is sensitive to heat because the structure is maintained by
Choices:
A hydrogen bonds.
B covalent bonds.
C Brownian motion.
D magnetic fields. | Question 1 of 128
[INST] In the figure above, a DNA molecule was placed in a 1% agarose gel. After the gel ran, the DNA was stained with ethidium bromide and exposed to light. In the photograph above, the band labeled |
TIMSS_2003_8_pg19 | When chlorine gas reacts with sodium metal, what type of substance is formed? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
],
"text": [
"A mixture",
"A compound",
"An element",
"An alloy",
"A solution"
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | When chlorine gas reacts with sodium metal, what type of substance is formed?
Choices:
A A mixture
B A compound
C An element
D An alloy
E A solution | [INST] In an experiment, a sample of nitrogen and oxygen were mixed. What type of substance was formed?
Choices:
A A mixture
B A compound
C An element
D An alloy
E A solution [/INST]
[INST] Water is |
NCEOGA_2013_5_24 | After a rain, a puddle of water remains on a sidewalk. After a day of sunshine, the puddle is gone. Which process is most responsible for the disappearance of the puddle? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"precipitation",
"transpiration",
"evaporation",
"condensation"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | After a rain, a puddle of water remains on a sidewalk. After a day of sunshine, the puddle is gone. Which process is most responsible for the disappearance of the puddle?
Choices:
A precipitation
B transpiration
C evaporation
D condensation | ## 7 answers
[INST] [/INST] [INST] a [/INST] [INST] B [/INST] [INST] C [/INST] [INST] D [/INST]
[INST] A precipitation [/INST]
## 7 |
MCAS_2004_5_8 | When an electric fan is running, most of the incoming electrical energy changes into which kind of energy? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"heat energy",
"light energy",
"mechanical energy",
"sound energy"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | When an electric fan is running, most of the incoming electrical energy changes into which kind of energy?
Choices:
A heat energy
B light energy
C mechanical energy
D sound energy | When an electric fan is running, most of the incoming electrical energy changes into which kind of energy?
[A] heat energy
[B] light energy
[C] mechanical energy
[D] sound energy
The answer is C. An electric fan is an example of an electric motor. |
Mercury_7168350 | Cells need nutrients for energy. Which system is responsible for breaking down food to provide cellular energy? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"digestive",
"excretory",
"circulatory",
"respiratory"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | Cells need nutrients for energy. Which system is responsible for breaking down food to provide cellular energy?
Choices:
A digestive
B excretory
C circulatory
D respiratory | [INST] In humans, the lungs are an essential part of the respiratory system. Air is inhaled and carbon dioxide is exhaled by the lungs. These gases are carried to the lungs by the:
A blood.
B circulatory system.
C excretory |
Mercury_SC_LBS10579 | Scientists today understand how forces work due to Isaac Newton's study of | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"electricity.",
"magnetism.",
"atoms.",
"gravity."
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | Scientists today understand how forces work due to Isaac Newton's study of
Choices:
A electricity.
B magnetism.
C atoms.
D gravity. | [INST] In the year 1700, Isaac Newton wrote a book with his ideas about gravity.
Choices:
A Gravity and the Motion of Bodies.
B Gravity and the Motion of Planets.
C Gravity and the Motion of |
Mercury_7223090 | A student uses clay to construct a model of Earth. Which layer of the model should be the thinnest layer? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"the layer representing the mantle",
"the layer representing the outer core",
"the layer representing the inner core",
"the layer representing the crust"
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | A student uses clay to construct a model of Earth. Which layer of the model should be the thinnest layer?
Choices:
A the layer representing the mantle
B the layer representing the outer core
C the layer representing the inner core
D the layer representing the crust | [INST] In an experiment about the nature of matter, a student observes a substance with the properties of both a solid and a liquid. The substance is:
A a solid
B a liquid
C a gas
D a plasma [/INST]
[INST] What is the |
CSZ_2005_5_CSZ10247 | Which of the following is broken down in the body to release energy? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"sugar.",
"water.",
"salt.",
"oxygen."
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | Which of the following is broken down in the body to release energy?
Choices:
A sugar.
B water.
C salt.
D oxygen. | [INST] In the cell, which of the following is released when oxygen is used by the body to release energy?
Choices:
A water.
B salt.
C sugar.
D oxygen.[/INST]
[INST] In the cell, which of the following |
NYSEDREGENTS_2015_8_5 | Which process is responsible for the growth and repair of human tissue? | {
"label": [
"1",
"2",
"3",
"4"
],
"text": [
"evolution",
"germination",
"cell division",
"natural selection"
]
} | 3 | ARC-Easy | Which process is responsible for the growth and repair of human tissue?
Choices:
1 evolution
2 germination
3 cell division
4 natural selection | [INST] In humans, the cells of an organism and their descendants that have the same genetic constitution from conception onward are called:
Choices:
1 somatic cells
2 stem cells
3 gamete cells
4 germ cells [/INST]
[INST |
Mercury_7179340 | Coal, oil, and natural gas have high potential energies, which makes them valuable energy resources. In order to benefit from the energy available in these fossil fuels, the potential energy is converted most directly into which type of energy? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"chemical",
"electrical",
"solar",
"thermal"
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | Coal, oil, and natural gas have high potential energies, which makes them valuable energy resources. In order to benefit from the energy available in these fossil fuels, the potential energy is converted most directly into which type of energy?
Choices:
A chemical
B electrical
C solar
D thermal | [REV] Coal, oil, and natural gas are examples of fossil fuels. These fuels have high potential energies, which makes them valuable energy resources. In order to benefit from the energy available in these fossil fuels, the potential energy is converted most directly into thermal energy. |
Mercury_7057243 | A student mixes salt and water in a beaker to form a solution. What properties of the substances would allow the student to then separate the components? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"densities",
"particle sizes",
"boiling points",
"electrical conductivity"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | A student mixes salt and water in a beaker to form a solution. What properties of the substances would allow the student to then separate the components?
Choices:
A densities
B particle sizes
C boiling points
D electrical conductivity | [INST] In an experiment, a sample of nitrogen and oxygen are mixed. What occurs when the mixture is heated?
Choices:
A the mixture condenses
B the mixture decomposes
C the mixture separates
D the mixture evaporates [/INST] |
TIMSS_2007_8_pg77 | Which of the following is caused by a virus? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"ulcer",
"malaria",
"tuberculosis",
"influenza"
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | Which of the following is caused by a virus?
Choices:
A ulcer
B malaria
C tuberculosis
D influenza | [INST] In which of the following situations would a person be at risk of a zoonotic disease?
Choices:
A a dog’s mouth
B a mouse’s mouth
C a cat’s mouth
D a snake’s mouth [/INST] |
NAEP_2009_4_S7+6 | A thermometer shows that the outside air temperature is colder than the temperature at which water turns to ice. However, ice on the sidewalk melts. What probably caused this? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"The air heating the sidewalk",
"The sidewalk reflecting sunlight into the air",
"The wind causing the ice on the sidewalk to melt",
"The sunlight making the sidewalk warmer than the air"
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | A thermometer shows that the outside air temperature is colder than the temperature at which water turns to ice. However, ice on the sidewalk melts. What probably caused this?
Choices:
A The air heating the sidewalk
B The sidewalk reflecting sunlight into the air
C The wind causing the ice on the sidewalk to melt
D The sunlight making the sidewalk warmer than the air | [INST] In an experiment about the effects of gravity, a ball is dropped from a high place. It falls to the ground. Which of the following best explains what happens?
Choices:
A The ball slows down and stops before it reaches the ground.
B The ball falls |
TIMSS_2011_8_pg25 | Twins are born. One is a boy and one is a girl. Which statement is correct about their genetic makeup? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"The boy and girl inherit genetic material from the father only.",
"The boy and girl inherit genetic material from the mother only.",
"The boy and girl inherit genetic material from both parents.",
"The boy inherits genetic material from the father only and the girl inherits it from the mother only."
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | Twins are born. One is a boy and one is a girl. Which statement is correct about their genetic makeup?
Choices:
A The boy and girl inherit genetic material from the father only.
B The boy and girl inherit genetic material from the mother only.
C The boy and girl inherit genetic material from both parents.
D The boy inherits genetic material from the father only and the girl inherits it from the mother only. | [INST] In humans, about how many chromosomes are present in each somatic cell?
Choices:
A 10
B 40
C 46
D 50 [/INST]
[INST] In humans, which of the following |
TIMSS_1995_8_I14 | When you bend your arm at the elbow, the bones and muscles in your arm are acting as a system. What simple machine does this system represent? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"Inclined plane",
"Pulley",
"Wedge",
"Lever"
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | When you bend your arm at the elbow, the bones and muscles in your arm are acting as a system. What simple machine does this system represent?
Choices:
A Inclined plane
B Pulley
C Wedge
D Lever | [INST] In an automobile, the transmission is a type of what?
Choices:
A Simple machine
B Mechanical advantage
C Mechanical disadvantage
D Lever [/INST]
[INST] A device that uses a lever to move things with great force |
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