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ACTAAP_2014_5_6 | Scientists found large areas of fossilized wood in a desert in Arizona. The fossilized wood is evidence of the ancient environment. Based on the evidence, what was the ancient environment in this area? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"forest",
"desert",
"glacier",
"grasslands"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | Scientists found large areas of fossilized wood in a desert in Arizona. The fossilized wood is evidence of the ancient environment. Based on the evidence, what was the ancient environment in this area?
Choices:
A forest
B desert
C glacier
D grasslands | ## Answer:
[ANS] [A] forest [/ANS]
[SOL] Scientists found large areas of fossilized wood in a desert in Arizona. The fossilized wood is evidence of the ancient environment. Based on the evidence, what was the ancient environment |
Mercury_7001628 | A change in the pattern of warm ocean currents can cause a climate change by | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"releasing thermal energy in irregular spurts.",
"absorbing thermal energy from the Sun's rays.",
"moving thermal energy from one place to another.",
"increasing the ocean's capacity for absorbing thermal energy."
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | A change in the pattern of warm ocean currents can cause a climate change by
Choices:
A releasing thermal energy in irregular spurts.
B absorbing thermal energy from the Sun's rays.
C moving thermal energy from one place to another.
D increasing the ocean's capacity for absorbing thermal energy. | [INST] In the context of the passage, the word "spurts" most nearly means
Choices:
A. spasms.
B. rushes.
C. interruptions.
D. interferences. [/INST]
[INST] The |
Mercury_7206623 | A student measures the rising temperature of heated water for 20 minutes in two-minute intervals. Which of these tools will best help the student organize the data? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"flow chart",
"pie chart",
"data table",
"bar graph"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | A student measures the rising temperature of heated water for 20 minutes in two-minute intervals. Which of these tools will best help the student organize the data?
Choices:
A flow chart
B pie chart
C data table
D bar graph | [INST] In an experiment about the effects of gravity on the rate of free fall, a student drops three balls of the same weight from the same height. Which of these tools will best help the student organize the data?
Choices:
A flow chart
B pie chart
C data |
NYSEDREGENTS_2010_4_26 | The energy that is stored in food originally comes from | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"air",
"soil",
"sunlight",
"water"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | The energy that is stored in food originally comes from
Choices:
A air
B soil
C sunlight
D water | [INST] Insects can be a source of food and are eaten by a wide variety of animals. The study of insects is called
Choices:
A entomology
B taxonomy
C botany
D zoology [/INST]
[INST] |
Mercury_7003990 | Tides occur in the oceans at regular times every day because of | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"upper atmospheric disturbances.",
"the tilt of Earth's rotational axis.",
"density differences caused by temperature changes.",
"the gravitational pull of the Sun and the Moon."
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | Tides occur in the oceans at regular times every day because of
Choices:
A upper atmospheric disturbances.
B the tilt of Earth's rotational axis.
C density differences caused by temperature changes.
D the gravitational pull of the Sun and the Moon. | [INST] In the year 570 C.E., a man named Muhammad was born in the city of Mecca.
[/INST]
[INST] In the year 570 C.E., a man named Muhammad was born in the city of Mecca. |
Mercury_7033530 | What is the primary source of stored thermal energy in oceans? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"sunlight",
"plankton",
"volcanoes",
"hurricanes"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | What is the primary source of stored thermal energy in oceans?
Choices:
A sunlight
B plankton
C volcanoes
D hurricanes | [INST] In an aquatic environment, what is the primary source of stored thermal energy?
Choices:
A sunlight
B plankton
C volcanoes
D hurricanes [/INST]
[INST] What is the primary source of stored thermal energy |
Mercury_416411 | Which of the following contains most of the water on Earth? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"the oceans",
"watersheds",
"the atmosphere",
"ice and aquifers"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | Which of the following contains most of the water on Earth?
Choices:
A the oceans
B watersheds
C the atmosphere
D ice and aquifers | [INST] In an arid region, what is the most reliable source of drinking water?
Choices:
A the oceans
B watersheds
C the atmosphere
D ice and aquifers [/INST]
[INST] Which of the following is an |
Mercury_SC_409563 | Jamil studied how the position of Earth around the Sun affects the energy available on Earth. Which best explains why a particular place on Earth receives more energy during summer months than winter months? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"the tilt of Earth",
"the rotation of Earth",
"the distance between Earth and the Sun",
"the amount of rays produced by the Sun"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | Jamil studied how the position of Earth around the Sun affects the energy available on Earth. Which best explains why a particular place on Earth receives more energy during summer months than winter months?
Choices:
A the tilt of Earth
B the rotation of Earth
C the distance between Earth and the Sun
D the amount of rays produced by the Sun | [INST] Jamil studied how the position of Earth around the Sun affects the energy available on Earth. Which best explains why a particular place on Earth receives more energy during summer months than winter months?
Choices:
A the tilt of Earth
B the rotation of Earth
C the distance |
MCAS_2000_4_23 | Cactus plants grow best in environments (habitats) that are | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"hot and dry.",
"hot and wet.",
"cold and dry.",
"cold and wet."
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | Cactus plants grow best in environments (habitats) that are
Choices:
A hot and dry.
B hot and wet.
C cold and dry.
D cold and wet. | [INST] Insects can be found in a variety of environments (habitats).
Choices:
A hot and moist.
B hot and dry.
C cold and moist.
D cold and dry. [/INST]
[INST] The following is an |
Mercury_7109428 | The nucleus contains DNA. Which statement best describes how DNA controls the working of the cell? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"It codes for proteins.",
"It inhibits division of cells.",
"It helps in energy transformation.",
"It regulates traffic in and out of the cell."
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | The nucleus contains DNA. Which statement best describes how DNA controls the working of the cell?
Choices:
A It codes for proteins.
B It inhibits division of cells.
C It helps in energy transformation.
D It regulates traffic in and out of the cell. | [INST] In an experiment, bacteria were placed in a sterile salt solution. After 2 weeks, the bacteria had multiplied to become the size of a grain of sand. In which stage of the cell cycle were the bacteria?
Choices:
A Interphase
B Metaph |
NYSEDREGENTS_2012_8_31 | Which temperature and moisture conditions describe an air mass that originates over the Atlantic Ocean near the equator? | {
"label": [
"1",
"2",
"3",
"4"
],
"text": [
"warm and dry",
"warm and humid",
"cool and dry",
"cool and humid"
]
} | 2 | ARC-Easy | Which temperature and moisture conditions describe an air mass that originates over the Atlantic Ocean near the equator?
Choices:
1 warm and dry
2 warm and humid
3 cool and dry
4 cool and humid | [INST] In which of the following situations would a cold front be associated with a low pressure system?
Choices:
1 The cold front is moving eastward, and the air behind the front is moving westward.
2 A low pressure system is located in the region of the cold |
VASoL_2007_5_38 | A student sees many plants around a pond. The student can determine which plants are nonvascular by | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"observing if they lack true stems, roots, or leaves",
"examining the plants for spores",
"counting the number of leaves on each stalk",
"noticing if the plants are near rocks"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | A student sees many plants around a pond. The student can determine which plants are nonvascular by
Choices:
A observing if they lack true stems, roots, or leaves
B examining the plants for spores
C counting the number of leaves on each stalk
D noticing if the plants are near rocks | Question 1 of 5
Which of the following statements about plants is FALSE?
Choices:
A Plants reproduce by either pollination or spores.
B Most plants reproduce by pollination.
C Most plants reproduce by spores.
D All plants reproduce by both pollination and |
Mercury_7017920 | To a person standing motionless on the Earth's surface on a day with no wind, in which direction would the rain appear to fall? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"vertically",
"diagonally",
"horizontally",
"circularly"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | To a person standing motionless on the Earth's surface on a day with no wind, in which direction would the rain appear to fall?
Choices:
A vertically
B diagonally
C horizontally
D circularly | [INST] In an experiment about the nature of light, a beam of light from a laser is split in two by a narrow slit. The two beams are then focused by a convex lens. The two beams are then allowed to interfere with each other. What pattern would the light make |
MCAS_2001_8_19 | Use the information below to answer the question. In solid fuel rockets, a fuel mixture is burned and once the mixture starts burning it cannot be stopped. In liquid fuel rockets, there is a tank of fuel and a tank of oxygen. The burning of the fuel can be stopped by preventing the flow of fuel and oxygen into the combustion chamber. Based on this information, which system is more highly developed in liquid fuel rockets than in solid fuel rockets? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"propulsion",
"suspension",
"control",
"structure"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | Use the information below to answer the question. In solid fuel rockets, a fuel mixture is burned and once the mixture starts burning it cannot be stopped. In liquid fuel rockets, there is a tank of fuel and a tank of oxygen. The burning of the fuel can be stopped by preventing the flow of fuel and oxygen into the combustion chamber. Based on this information, which system is more highly developed in liquid fuel rockets than in solid fuel rockets?
Choices:
A propulsion
B suspension
C control
D structure | [REV]
[/REV] |
MCAS_2004_8_25 | In a laboratory, a sealed container with 100 g of steam is cooled until all the steam becomes a liquid. The container is then cooled further until all the water becomes a solid. Which of the following remains constant during both of these changes? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"the mass of the water",
"the pressure in the container",
"the total energy of the water",
"the position of the atoms in the container"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | In a laboratory, a sealed container with 100 g of steam is cooled until all the steam becomes a liquid. The container is then cooled further until all the water becomes a solid. Which of the following remains constant during both of these changes?
Choices:
A the mass of the water
B the pressure in the container
C the total energy of the water
D the position of the atoms in the container | [REV] This is a difficult question. It’s good to see a question with two different changes. It requires a little thought to think about the two changes.
When the steam condenses to water, the temperature does not change. This is because the latent heat of vaporization |
NYSEDREGENTS_2010_4_25 | The function of a plant's roots is to take in | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"light and water",
"light and air",
"nutrients and water",
"nutrients and soil"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | The function of a plant's roots is to take in
Choices:
A light and water
B light and air
C nutrients and water
D nutrients and soil | [INST] Insects can be a serious threat to plants. What is a good way to prevent insect damage to plants?
[ANS] Insects can be a serious threat to plants. What is a good way to prevent insect damage to plants?
A Use insecticides |
Mercury_SC_400380 | A student suggests to the school board that they use a renewable energy source. The student suggests they use | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"coal.",
"wind.",
"wood.",
"natural gas."
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | A student suggests to the school board that they use a renewable energy source. The student suggests they use
Choices:
A coal.
B wind.
C wood.
D natural gas. | [INST] The student is a:
A teacher.
B janitor.
C student.
D parent. [/INST]
[INST] The student's suggestion is:
A accepted.
B rejected.
C ignored.
D debated. [/INST] |
Mercury_SC_405219 | Refrigerators were invented to keep food cold. This is helpful in | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"growing food.",
"cleaning food.",
"keeping food dry.",
"keeping food fresh."
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | Refrigerators were invented to keep food cold. This is helpful in
Choices:
A growing food.
B cleaning food.
C keeping food dry.
D keeping food fresh. | [INST] Insects can be harmful to people and plants. This is a good reason to
Choices:
A plant gardens.
B catch insects.
C use insects.
D keep insects out. [/INST]
[INST] When people have |
MSA_2012_5_34 | Old, worn-out rubber tires are called scrap tires. Which way of disposing of scrap tires is best for the environment? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"burning the tires",
"dumping the tires in a lake",
"burying the tires in a landfill",
"taking the tires to a recycling center"
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | Old, worn-out rubber tires are called scrap tires. Which way of disposing of scrap tires is best for the environment?
Choices:
A burning the tires
B dumping the tires in a lake
C burying the tires in a landfill
D taking the tires to a recycling center | [INST] In recent years, scientists have become increasingly concerned about the effect of aerosols on the Earth's atmosphere. Which of the following is a major source of aerosols?
Choices:
A volcanoes
B car engines
C jets
D forest |
NYSEDREGENTS_2013_8_35 | The amount of which greenhouse gas in the air will increase the most if large forests are cut down to be used for building materials without planting new trees in their place? | {
"label": [
"1",
"2",
"3",
"4"
],
"text": [
"ozone",
"methane",
"water vapor",
"carbon dioxide"
]
} | 4 | ARC-Easy | The amount of which greenhouse gas in the air will increase the most if large forests are cut down to be used for building materials without planting new trees in their place?
Choices:
1 ozone
2 methane
3 water vapor
4 carbon dioxide | [INST] In recent years, which of the following has been a major cause of the melting of the ice in the Arctic Ocean?
Choices:
1 the growth of more plants in the Arctic
2 the growth of more insects in the Arctic
3 the increase |
Mercury_SC_402124 | About how long does it take Earth to make a complete revolution around the Sun? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"1 year",
"1 week",
"1 day",
"1 hour"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | About how long does it take Earth to make a complete revolution around the Sun?
Choices:
A 1 year
B 1 week
C 1 day
D 1 hour | [INST] In the year 2000, the Earth was at a point directly between the Sun and Mars. Mars was 2.5 times farther from the Sun than Earth. What was the distance between Earth and Mars in Astronomical Units?
A 0.25 |
Mercury_7027108 | Which event or principle cannot have its validity directly tested by laboratory experiment? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"the Big Bang Theory",
"the Conservation of Energy",
"the Periodicity of Element Properties",
"the Acceleration of Objects due to Gravity"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | Which event or principle cannot have its validity directly tested by laboratory experiment?
Choices:
A the Big Bang Theory
B the Conservation of Energy
C the Periodicity of Element Properties
D the Acceleration of Objects due to Gravity | [INST] In an experiment about the acceleration of objects due to gravity, a book is dropped from the top of a building. Which event or principle determines the result of this experiment?
Choices:
A the Big Bang Theory
B the Conservation of Energy
C the Periodicity |
Mercury_7008033 | Which is an example of mechanical weathering? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"a rockslide",
"a volcano erupting",
"an earthquake occurring",
"a rock freezing and thawing"
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | Which is an example of mechanical weathering?
Choices:
A a rockslide
B a volcano erupting
C an earthquake occurring
D a rock freezing and thawing | [INST] Which type of rock formation is an example of a plateau?
Choices:
A a mountain
B a valley
C a plateau
D a canyon [/INST]
[INST] A canyon is an example of which type of rock |
Mercury_7081550 | A student counts ants in an ant colony every day at the same time. The student writes the date of observation in one column in a notebook and the number of ants counted on each date in a second column. Which best describes how the student arranged the information? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"pie chart",
"data table",
"bar graph",
"scatterplot"
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | A student counts ants in an ant colony every day at the same time. The student writes the date of observation in one column in a notebook and the number of ants counted on each date in a second column. Which best describes how the student arranged the information?
Choices:
A pie chart
B data table
C bar graph
D scatterplot | [INST] In an experiment about the effects of distance on the speed of sound, the following data was collected.
Which best describes the relationship between the two variables?
Choices:
A No relationship exists between the two variables.
B The speed of sound increases as the distance decre |
LEAP__7_10346 | Which relationship is mutualistic? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"an insect that lives and feeds on the body of an alligator",
"an ant that lives on a plant and defends the plant from other insects",
"a bird that migrates to follow the movements of the butterflies that it eats",
"a deer that eats one kind of plant, which allows another kind of plant to grow in its place"
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | Which relationship is mutualistic?
Choices:
A an insect that lives and feeds on the body of an alligator
B an ant that lives on a plant and defends the plant from other insects
C a bird that migrates to follow the movements of the butterflies that it eats
D a deer that eats one kind of plant, which allows another kind of plant to grow in its place | [INST] Which relationship is parasitic?
Choices:
A a fish that lives in a bird’s nest and eats the eggs and nestlings
B a snake that lives in the mouth of an alligator and eats the food that the alligator catches
C |
OHAT_2008_8_29 | Which explains the relationship between hours of sunlight and seasons? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"the rotation of Earth on its axis",
"the tilt of Earth's axis relative to the sun",
"the location of Earth's orbit in the solar system",
"the motion of the moon as it travels around Earth"
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | Which explains the relationship between hours of sunlight and seasons?
Choices:
A the rotation of Earth on its axis
B the tilt of Earth's axis relative to the sun
C the location of Earth's orbit in the solar system
D the motion of the moon as it travels around Earth | [INST] In which year did the first humans walk on the moon?
Choices:
A 1969
B 1970
C 1971
D 1972 [/INST]
[INST] Which of the following |
Mercury_409465 | A dietary supplement manufacturer developed a new calcium supplement that appears to increase the bone density in middle-aged women. When tested in a small clinical trial, the supplement was shown to cause a 15% increase in bone density in 8 out of 10 women. Before the supplement is offered to the general public, which step should the manufacturer take next? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"add a variety of vitamins to the supplement",
"test the supplement on mice in the laboratory",
"develop packaging that is attractive to women",
"test the supplement on a larger sample of women"
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | A dietary supplement manufacturer developed a new calcium supplement that appears to increase the bone density in middle-aged women. When tested in a small clinical trial, the supplement was shown to cause a 15% increase in bone density in 8 out of 10 women. Before the supplement is offered to the general public, which step should the manufacturer take next?
Choices:
A add a variety of vitamins to the supplement
B test the supplement on mice in the laboratory
C develop packaging that is attractive to women
D test the supplement on a larger sample of women | [INST] In an experiment about the effects of a substance on the heart, a researcher is interested in whether the substance is a stimulant or a depressant. She measures the heart rates of 20 people and classifies them into two groups, 10 in the stimulant group |
Mercury_7015663 | What is the name of the process in which igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks are converted into one another in stages? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"rock cycle",
"erosion cycle",
"magma cycle",
"tectonic cycle"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | What is the name of the process in which igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks are converted into one another in stages?
Choices:
A rock cycle
B erosion cycle
C magma cycle
D tectonic cycle | [INST] In the geologic time scale, what is the term used to describe the longest geological cycle?
Choices:
Solar cycle
Earth cycle
Tectonic cycle
Carbon cycle [/INST]
[INST] What is the name of the |
Mercury_7001873 | Neon (Ne), argon (Ar), and krypton (Kr) are in the same column on the Periodic Table of the Elements. What characteristic do these elements have in common? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"atomic mass",
"negative electrical charge",
"number of neutrons",
"full valence electron shells"
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | Neon (Ne), argon (Ar), and krypton (Kr) are in the same column on the Periodic Table of the Elements. What characteristic do these elements have in common?
Choices:
A atomic mass
B negative electrical charge
C number of neutrons
D full valence electron shells | [INST] In an isotope of an element, the number of neutrons in the atom is the same as the number of neutrons in the atom of a different isotope of the same element. What conclusion can you draw from this information?
Choices:
A All is |
Mercury_407263 | Which part of digestion is mainly a chemical change? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"Teeth break food into small pieces.",
"Throat muscles push food toward the stomach.",
"Stomach acids dissolve food into nutrients.",
"Intestinal cells transport nutrients into the blood."
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | Which part of digestion is mainly a chemical change?
Choices:
A Teeth break food into small pieces.
B Throat muscles push food toward the stomach.
C Stomach acids dissolve food into nutrients.
D Intestinal cells transport nutrients into the blood. | [INST] Insects can taste the chemical compounds in foods with their feet.
Choices:
A true
B false [/INST]
[INST] Which of these is a compound?
Choices:
A a mixture of salt and pepper
B |
Mercury_7009748 | Sonar can be used to measure distances underwater. This is accomplished by sending a sound wave to a "target" while measuring the total time it takes for the wave to reach the target and then return to its source. Which of the following sound wave characteristics must be known when using sonar to measure distances? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"amplitude",
"wavelength",
"frequency",
"speed"
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | Sonar can be used to measure distances underwater. This is accomplished by sending a sound wave to a "target" while measuring the total time it takes for the wave to reach the target and then return to its source. Which of the following sound wave characteristics must be known when using sonar to measure distances?
Choices:
A amplitude
B wavelength
C frequency
D speed | [INST] In an experiment, a sample of nitrogen and a sample of a mixture of helium and nitrogen are both heated. The results of the experiment are listed in the table below. From the data, which of the following conclusions can be drawn?
Molecules
[ |
Mercury_SC_LBS10041 | In plants, what is responsible for passing traits from one generation to the next? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"chloroplasts",
"photosynthesis",
"roots",
"genes"
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | In plants, what is responsible for passing traits from one generation to the next?
Choices:
A chloroplasts
B photosynthesis
C roots
D genes | [INST] In humans, genes are packaged in what and are located in a cell's?
Choices:
A chromosomes; mitochondria
B chromosomes; nucleus
C chromosomes; lysosomes
D chromosomes; ch |
Mercury_7207060 | Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere absorb infrared radiation from Earth's surface and re-radiates some of it back to Earth. Which of these gases have the most significant impact on the temperature of Earth's atmosphere? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"nitrogen and argon",
"oxygen and sulfur dioxide",
"carbon dioxide and water vapor",
"hydrochloric acid and hydrogen"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere absorb infrared radiation from Earth's surface and re-radiates some of it back to Earth. Which of these gases have the most significant impact on the temperature of Earth's atmosphere?
Choices:
A nitrogen and argon
B oxygen and sulfur dioxide
C carbon dioxide and water vapor
D hydrochloric acid and hydrogen | [REV] Water vapor, carbon dioxide and methane are known as greenhouse gases. They are the most significant contributors to the greenhouse effect. Water vapor is the most important greenhouse gas, contributing about 36% to the greenhouse effect. Carbon diox |
Mercury_7269098 | Fossil fuels were made from specific kinds of ancient organisms. The fossilized remains of tiny ocean organisms formed | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"only coal.",
"only natural gas.",
"oil and coal.",
"oil and natural gas."
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | Fossil fuels were made from specific kinds of ancient organisms. The fossilized remains of tiny ocean organisms formed
Choices:
A only coal.
B only natural gas.
C oil and coal.
D oil and natural gas. | [INST] Fossil fuels were made from specific kinds of ancient organisms. The fossilized remains of tiny ocean organisms formed the coal we use today.
Choices:
A only coal.
B only natural gas.
C oil and coal.
D oil and |
VASoL_2009_5_17 | In winter, the arctic fox has white fur. In summer, its fur changes color to brown and gray. The change in fur color helps the arctic fox to ___. | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"run",
"mate",
"hide",
"hibernate"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | In winter, the arctic fox has white fur. In summer, its fur changes color to brown and gray. The change in fur color helps the arctic fox to ___.
Choices:
A run
B mate
C hide
D hibernate | ## Answer:
The answer is “C hide”. The arctic fox uses its fur to hide from predators and prey.
## Explanation:
Arctic foxes have white fur in winter and brown or gray fur in summer. The change in fur color helps the |
Mercury_SC_405081 | Some classrooms have computers. The computer is most useful to the students because it helps them | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"play games.",
"watch movies.",
"listen to music.",
"find information."
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | Some classrooms have computers. The computer is most useful to the students because it helps them
Choices:
A play games.
B watch movies.
C listen to music.
D find information. | [INST] In my town, most people prefer to buy and use locally produced goods and services because it helps
Choices:
A the local economy.
B the local jobs.
C the local people.
D the local government. [/INST]
[INST] The |
Mercury_7093083 | Radioactive waste from nuclear power plants is sealed in containers and deeply buried in the ground. Sealing and burying waste reduces the chances that water will become contaminated. At which point in the water cycle would radioactive contamination most likely be found? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"rain",
"fog",
"groundwater",
"surface water"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | Radioactive waste from nuclear power plants is sealed in containers and deeply buried in the ground. Sealing and burying waste reduces the chances that water will become contaminated. At which point in the water cycle would radioactive contamination most likely be found?
Choices:
A rain
B fog
C groundwater
D surface water | [INST] In an arid region, what might be the result of a decrease in the water table?
Choices:
A Increased water supply for residents
B Increased vegetation growth
C Increased stream flow
D Decreased stream flow [/INST] |
Mercury_7210630 | Which of these includes Earth? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"the asteroid belt",
"the Andromeda Galaxy",
"the solar system",
"the Eagle Nebula"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | Which of these includes Earth?
Choices:
A the asteroid belt
B the Andromeda Galaxy
C the solar system
D the Eagle Nebula | [INST] Which of these can be seen in the night sky?
Choices:
A the Moon
B the Big Dipper
C the Sun
D the Pleiades [/INST]
[INST] What are two ways that the Sun can be blocked from Earth? |
Mercury_SC_404975 | Students are attempting to make a doorbell ring using some wire and a battery. What is needed to make the bell ring? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"friction",
"gravity",
"a convection current",
"an electrical circuit"
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | Students are attempting to make a doorbell ring using some wire and a battery. What is needed to make the bell ring?
Choices:
A friction
B gravity
C a convection current
D an electrical circuit | [INST] In an experiment about electrical circuits, a student finds that a bulb lights when the switch is closed and the bulb is connected to the battery. What is happening?
Choices:
A an electrical energy is transferred from the battery to the bulb.
B an |
NAEP_2005_8_S13+8 | Which is an example of water condensing? 1. | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"puddle disappearing on a hot summer afternoon",
"Sweat forming on your forehead after you do a lot of exercise",
"Ice cubes melting when you put them out in the sun",
"Dew forming on plants during a cold night"
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | Which is an example of water condensing? 1.
Choices:
A puddle disappearing on a hot summer afternoon
B Sweat forming on your forehead after you do a lot of exercise
C Ice cubes melting when you put them out in the sun
D Dew forming on plants during a cold night | [INST] Which is an example of water condensing? 1.
Choices:
A puddle disappearing on a hot summer afternoon
B Sweat forming on your forehead after you do a lot of exercise
C Ice cubes melting when you put them out in |
Mercury_7056543 | What should be added to soil to increase its water retention? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"pebbles",
"sand",
"rocks",
"clay"
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | What should be added to soil to increase its water retention?
Choices:
A pebbles
B sand
C rocks
D clay | [INST] In an arid region, what is the most suitable plant?
Choices:
A Bamboo
B Tamarind
C Coconut
D Date palm [/INST]
[INST] A crop needs 1000 litres of water |
Mercury_7008260 | Which is a possible consequence of global warming? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"an increase in the amount of coral reefs",
"a decrease in temperature, causing earlier frosts",
"an increase in the number of heat waves, causing droughts",
"a decrease in temperature, causing shorter growing seasons"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | Which is a possible consequence of global warming?
Choices:
A an increase in the amount of coral reefs
B a decrease in temperature, causing earlier frosts
C an increase in the number of heat waves, causing droughts
D a decrease in temperature, causing shorter growing seasons | [INST] In recent years, which of the following has been a major cause of global warming?
Choices:
A the burning of fossil fuels, such as coal and oil
B the cutting of forests, which are natural sinks for carbon dioxide
C an |
Mercury_7083458 | A cut to the skin is treated with antiseptic first to avoid | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"an immune response.",
"a bacterial infection.",
"bruising of tissues.",
"an allergic reaction."
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | A cut to the skin is treated with antiseptic first to avoid
Choices:
A an immune response.
B a bacterial infection.
C bruising of tissues.
D an allergic reaction. | [INST] Insect stings are treated with a cold pack to reduce
Choices:
A fever.
B swelling.
C temperature.
D pain. [/INST]
[INST] Antihistamines are used to treat the symptoms of
Ch |
Mercury_7123533 | Some astronauts may spend several months in space orbiting Earth. Where do these astronauts most likely stay while in space? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"on a space station",
"in a space shuttle",
"on a space probe",
"in a lunar module"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | Some astronauts may spend several months in space orbiting Earth. Where do these astronauts most likely stay while in space?
Choices:
A on a space station
B in a space shuttle
C on a space probe
D in a lunar module | [INST] In the year 2000, NASA scientists discovered a hole in the _________. The hole was the size of a tennis ball.
Choices:
A. Ozone layer
B. Antarctic ice sheet
C. Stratosphere
D. Green |
ACTAAP_2010_7_8 | The list below gives some symptoms of people with the common cold. Symptoms of the Common Cold stuffy nose low fever sore throat cough Which body system is most affected by the common cold? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"Nervous",
"Digestive",
"Circulatory",
"Respiratory"
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | The list below gives some symptoms of people with the common cold. Symptoms of the Common Cold stuffy nose low fever sore throat cough Which body system is most affected by the common cold?
Choices:
A Nervous
B Digestive
C Circulatory
D Respiratory | [ANS] D [/ANS] [INST] Why is it important to know the symptoms of the common cold? [/INST] [ANS] So you know when you start to feel better [/ANS] [INST] What are two ways you can prevent the common cold? [/ |
Mercury_414500 | The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is the agency responsible for the space program in the United States. What was the goal of NASA's Apollo program? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"to search for life on planets other than Earth",
"to land on a planet in another solar system",
"to determine the composition the Sun",
"to send a human to land on the Moon"
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is the agency responsible for the space program in the United States. What was the goal of NASA's Apollo program?
Choices:
A to search for life on planets other than Earth
B to land on a planet in another solar system
C to determine the composition the Sun
D to send a human to land on the Moon | [INST] In 2004, NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity landed on Mars and began sending back information about the soil and rocks on Mars. What was Opportunity's mission?
Choices:
A to take pictures of the surface of Mars |
Mercury_SC_411419 | Plants that are different from each another may have similar structures. Which structure do all plants have in common? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"flowers",
"fruit",
"roots",
"trunks"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | Plants that are different from each another may have similar structures. Which structure do all plants have in common?
Choices:
A flowers
B fruit
C roots
D trunks | [INST] Insects can be harmful to people’s health. Which insects can cause the most dangerous harm to people?
Choices:
A mosquitoes
B flies
C fleas
D bees [/INST]
[INST] What is the |
Mercury_SC_401817 | All of these are examples of observation and measurement except | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"charting where birds fly.",
"attracting birds with birdseed.",
"counting the number of birds that fly by.",
"illustrating the different birds that fly by."
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | All of these are examples of observation and measurement except
Choices:
A charting where birds fly.
B attracting birds with birdseed.
C counting the number of birds that fly by.
D illustrating the different birds that fly by. | Question 1 of 5
Which of the following is an example of observing a phenomenon?
[INST] B is an example of observing a phenomenon. [/INST]
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following is an example of measuring a variable?
[ |
Mercury_SC_405090 | Snow turns to liquid water when it | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"freezes.",
"melts.",
"condenses.",
"evaporates."
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | Snow turns to liquid water when it
Choices:
A freezes.
B melts.
C condenses.
D evaporates. | [INST] Insects can be seen more easily in the summer than in the winter because they
Choices:
A become larger.
B become smaller.
C become more active.
D become less active. [/INST]
[INST] On a hot day, |
NYSEDREGENTS_2013_4_13 | Which organisms break down and recycle dead plants and animals? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"predators",
"prey",
"decomposers",
"producers"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | Which organisms break down and recycle dead plants and animals?
Choices:
A predators
B prey
C decomposers
D producers | [INST] In an aquatic environment, what is the most important limiting factor?
Choices:
A nutrients
B water
C sunlight
D oxygen [/INST]
[INST] Which of the following are producers?
Choices:
A grass |
ACTAAP_2007_7_9 | What is the downward movement of water through pores and other spaces in soil due to the force of gravity? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"percolation",
"evaporation",
"precipitation",
"condensation"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | What is the downward movement of water through pores and other spaces in soil due to the force of gravity?
Choices:
A percolation
B evaporation
C precipitation
D condensation | [INST] In an arid region, what is the rate of water vapor loss from the soil surface from 4 P.M. to 8 A.M.?
Choices:
A high
B low [/INST]
[INST] What is the vertical |
Mercury_SC_402112 | Students are conducting an investigation to see how sunlight affects the speed of plant growth. They measure the growth of the plant at the end of two weeks. What would be the best way to communicate the results of this investigation? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"draw a picture",
"make some notes",
"make a chart or graph",
"tell the science teacher"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | Students are conducting an investigation to see how sunlight affects the speed of plant growth. They measure the growth of the plant at the end of two weeks. What would be the best way to communicate the results of this investigation?
Choices:
A draw a picture
B make some notes
C make a chart or graph
D tell the science teacher | [INST] In an investigation about plants, what would be the best way to collect data?
Choices:
A using a ruler
B using a camera
C using a microscope
D using a stopwatch [/INST]
[INST] This week, students have |
Mercury_7090563 | Volcanoes are considered constructive because they | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"deposit lava.",
"cause erosion.",
"trigger earthquakes.",
"release gases."
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | Volcanoes are considered constructive because they
Choices:
A deposit lava.
B cause erosion.
C trigger earthquakes.
D release gases. | [INST] In the context of the passage, the word constructive most nearly means
Choices:
A helpful.
B destructive.
C harmful.
D unpredictable. [/INST]
[INST] An element of the passage that the author does NOT discuss |
Mercury_415684 | What is the effect of absorption of infrared light by human skin? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"sunburn on the skin surface",
"disinfection of the skin tissues",
"feeling of warmth on the skin",
"immediate death of skin cells"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | What is the effect of absorption of infrared light by human skin?
Choices:
A sunburn on the skin surface
B disinfection of the skin tissues
C feeling of warmth on the skin
D immediate death of skin cells | [INST] In an experiment, a sample of nitrogen and a sample of a mixture of helium and nitrogen are both heated to the same temperature. Which of the following statements about the average kinetic energy of the molecules in the two samples is true?
A The average k |
MDSA_2009_8_25 | A growing community relies on a nearby lake to provide fresh water for drinking and bathing. An increase in the use of fresh water will cause the lake to become | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"colder",
"deeper",
"larger",
"smaller"
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | A growing community relies on a nearby lake to provide fresh water for drinking and bathing. An increase in the use of fresh water will cause the lake to become
Choices:
A colder
B deeper
C larger
D smaller | [INST] In recent years, the lake has been shrinking. After testing a sample of the water, scientists determined that the lake is decreasing in volume because the water is gradually
Choices:
A evaporating
B freezing
C melting
D boiling [/ |
Mercury_SC_408336 | On January 15th, there were 10 hours and 24 minutes of daylight in Jacksonville, Florida. On the same day, there were only 9 hours and 37 minutes of daylight in New York City. Why did New York have fewer hours of daylight than Florida? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"because Earth rotates",
"because Earth tilts on its axis",
"because gravity pulls Earth toward the Sun",
"because the Moon reflects sunlight onto Earth"
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | On January 15th, there were 10 hours and 24 minutes of daylight in Jacksonville, Florida. On the same day, there were only 9 hours and 37 minutes of daylight in New York City. Why did New York have fewer hours of daylight than Florida?
Choices:
A because Earth rotates
B because Earth tilts on its axis
C because gravity pulls Earth toward the Sun
D because the Moon reflects sunlight onto Earth | [REV] This is a difficult question. It’s good to see a question with two answers that students might choose.
[ANS] B is correct. Earth’s axis is tilted at about 23.5 degrees. This tilt is responsible for the seasons. During the |
MCAS_2015_5_11 | What form of energy makes a compass needle point north? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"electrical",
"heat",
"light",
"magnetic"
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | What form of energy makes a compass needle point north?
Choices:
A electrical
B heat
C light
D magnetic | [INST] In an electric circuit, the voltage is measured in _______.
Choices:
A volts
B amps
C watts
D ohms [/INST]
[INST] Which is a correct statement about the electric current in a circuit? |
VASoL_2008_5_11 | Students collect pond water in their beakers. Which is the best unit of measurement for the volume of water they collect? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"Grams",
"Meters",
"Milliliters",
"Centimeters"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | Students collect pond water in their beakers. Which is the best unit of measurement for the volume of water they collect?
Choices:
A Grams
B Meters
C Milliliters
D Centimeters | [INST] In an experiment about pond water, a student finds that the temperature of the water was 12 degrees Celsius. The student determines the temperature of the water using a thermometer. What is the temperature of the water in degrees Fahrenheit?
Choices: |
Mercury_SC_LBS11008 | A lumber company plants new trees where a forest once stood. This is an example of | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"conserving resources.",
"consuming resources.",
"recycling resources.",
"replacing resources."
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | A lumber company plants new trees where a forest once stood. This is an example of
Choices:
A conserving resources.
B consuming resources.
C recycling resources.
D replacing resources. | [INST] In an attempt to reduce the number of people killed on the highways, the government is considering requiring all cars to be equipped with air bags. This is an example of
Choices:
A a preventive measure.
B a contingency plan.
C a management plan |
NYSEDREGENTS_2015_8_31 | Which type of energy is transferred by vibrational waves? | {
"label": [
"1",
"2",
"3",
"4"
],
"text": [
"nuclear",
"light",
"chemical",
"sound"
]
} | 4 | ARC-Easy | Which type of energy is transferred by vibrational waves?
Choices:
1 nuclear
2 light
3 chemical
4 sound | [INST] In an oscillation, the time taken to complete one complete vibration is called the:
Choices:
1 frequency
2 amplitude
3 wave length
4 period [/INST]
[INST] What are two ways that a wave can travel?
Ch |
Mercury_SC_400611 | Over a long time, oil can form when layers of sediment push down on decomposing | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"trees.",
"animals.",
"fungi.",
"algae."
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | Over a long time, oil can form when layers of sediment push down on decomposing
Choices:
A trees.
B animals.
C fungi.
D algae. | [INST] Insects can be a nuisance and even cause damage. What is the best way to keep them out?
[A/S/L]
[1] Use sticky tape.
[2] Use a fly swatter.
[3] Keep the windows and |
Mercury_SC_401611 | Many scientists are convinced that an increase of certain gases in the atmosphere is affecting global temperatures. What makes this hypothesis difficult to prove? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"Trees absorb these gases.",
"Global temperatures are rising.",
"Many variables affect global temperatures.",
"Many human activities produce these gases."
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | Many scientists are convinced that an increase of certain gases in the atmosphere is affecting global temperatures. What makes this hypothesis difficult to prove?
Choices:
A Trees absorb these gases.
B Global temperatures are rising.
C Many variables affect global temperatures.
D Many human activities produce these gases. | [INST] In recent years, scientists have become increasingly concerned about the effect of a growing world population on Earth's natural resources. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?
Choices:
A Scientists are concerned that the world's population is growing faster |
Mercury_7085470 | Which of these provides the best evidence that an environmental change has occurred? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"a freshwater lake in the mountains",
"marine fossils in a freshwater lake",
"saltwater clams in the ocean",
"a sandy beach next to the ocean"
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | Which of these provides the best evidence that an environmental change has occurred?
Choices:
A a freshwater lake in the mountains
B marine fossils in a freshwater lake
C saltwater clams in the ocean
D a sandy beach next to the ocean | [INST] In an arid desert, what would be the best indicator of a change in the amount of precipitation?
Choices:
A a tree stump
B a sand dune
C a dry stream bed
D a rain gauge [/INST]
[INST |
MDSA_2010_8_38 | When taken to a new habitat, non-native plants often threaten native plants of the new habitat. Why do non-native plants threaten native plants? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"Non-native plants are able to mutate rapidly.",
"Non-native plants cause native animals to relocate.",
"Non-native plants are able to be used for medicine.",
"Non-native plants compete with native plants for resources."
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | When taken to a new habitat, non-native plants often threaten native plants of the new habitat. Why do non-native plants threaten native plants?
Choices:
A Non-native plants are able to mutate rapidly.
B Non-native plants cause native animals to relocate.
C Non-native plants are able to be used for medicine.
D Non-native plants compete with native plants for resources. | [INST] Insects can be a threat to plants and animals. How do insects threaten plants and animals?
Choices:
A Insects often carry diseases.
B Insects are known to be a food source for carnivores.
C Insect |
NYSEDREGENTS_2008_8_16 | Which substance do all living things require to survive? | {
"label": [
"1",
"2",
"3",
"4"
],
"text": [
"blood",
"water",
"carbon dioxide",
"organic soil"
]
} | 2 | ARC-Easy | Which substance do all living things require to survive?
Choices:
1 blood
2 water
3 carbon dioxide
4 organic soil | [INST] Insects can be a nuisance and carry disease. What substance is used to reduce insects?
Choices:
1 carbon dioxide
2 organic soil
3 organic fertilizer
4 pesticide [/INST]
[INST] What |
Mercury_SC_415350 | Which is an inherited characteristic on a horse? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"a long mane",
"a steel shoe",
"a missing tooth",
"a bruised leg"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | Which is an inherited characteristic on a horse?
Choices:
A a long mane
B a steel shoe
C a missing tooth
D a bruised leg | [INST] Insects can be a serious threat to horses. Which of the following is the best way to keep insects away from your horse?
Choices:
A Use a fly spray
B Give your horse a bath
C Wrap the horse in a blanket
D Keep |
Mercury_SC_LBS10391 | Which of the following is a first-level consumer? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"wolf",
"hawk",
"carrot",
"rabbit"
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | Which of the following is a first-level consumer?
Choices:
A wolf
B hawk
C carrot
D rabbit | [INST] Which of the following is a primary consumer?
Choices:
A wolf
B hawk
C carrot
D rabbit [/INST]
[INST] Which of the following is a secondary consumer?
Choices:
A wolf
B |
TAKS_2009_5_1 | Which of the following items is necessary in a laboratory for safety purposes? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"Triple-beam balance",
"Metric ruler",
"Computer monitor",
"Fire extinguisher"
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | Which of the following items is necessary in a laboratory for safety purposes?
Choices:
A Triple-beam balance
B Metric ruler
C Computer monitor
D Fire extinguisher | [INST] In an experiment about the effect of distance on the force of gravity, the following data was collected.
Calculate the force of gravity.
Choices:
A. 27.9N
B. 30.1N
C. 27 |
Mercury_7058503 | Which organisms break down dead matter and recycle nutrients back into the ecosystem? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"grasses and trees",
"rabbits and deer",
"lions and alligators",
"mushrooms and bacteria"
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | Which organisms break down dead matter and recycle nutrients back into the ecosystem?
Choices:
A grasses and trees
B rabbits and deer
C lions and alligators
D mushrooms and bacteria | [INST] In an ecosystem, which organisms are called decomposers?
Choices:
A grasses and trees
B rabbits and deer
C lions and alligators
D mushrooms and bacteria [/INST]
[INST] This community of organisms |
Mercury_7009835 | When using a microscope, it is best to use a wet mount to | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"observe live organisms.",
"show the interior of sliced objects.",
"highlight objects with chemical dyes.",
"remove debris that is obscuring the object."
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | When using a microscope, it is best to use a wet mount to
Choices:
A observe live organisms.
B show the interior of sliced objects.
C highlight objects with chemical dyes.
D remove debris that is obscuring the object. | When using a microscope, it is best to use a wet mount to show the interior of sliced objects.
When using a microscope, it is best to use a wet mount to remove debris that is obscuring the object.
When using a microscope, it is best to use |
Mercury_7008418 | What major events cause islands to form in the Pacific Ocean? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"tsunamis",
"severe storms",
"volcanic eruptions",
"erosion"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | What major events cause islands to form in the Pacific Ocean?
Choices:
A tsunamis
B severe storms
C volcanic eruptions
D erosion | [INST] In the Pacific Ocean, the islands of Fiji are located between a continent and _________.
Choices:
A the equator
B the North Pole
C the South Pole
D the International Date Line [/INST]
[INST] The Pacific |
NYSEDREGENTS_2013_4_3 | There is a shadow under a tree. Which form of energy must be present for the shadow to occur? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"heat",
"light",
"sound",
"mechanical"
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | There is a shadow under a tree. Which form of energy must be present for the shadow to occur?
Choices:
A heat
B light
C sound
D mechanical | [INST] In an experiment, a sample of nitrogen and a sample of oxygen are placed into separate containers. The volume of each container is the same. The temperature of each container is the same. The two containers are filled to the same pressure. An identical volume of each gas is collected from each container |
Mercury_SC_408250 | Robin compared the properties of some rocks. Which property did she most likely compare with a balance? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"density",
"mass",
"temperature",
"volume"
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | Robin compared the properties of some rocks. Which property did she most likely compare with a balance?
Choices:
A density
B mass
C temperature
D volume | [INST] In an experiment about the properties of wood, the scientists used a calorimeter. The scientists most likely used the calorimeter to measure which property?
Choices:
A mass
B temperature
C energy
D volume [/INST]
[INST] Robin |
CSZ20334 | Gravity is responsible for the ___. | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"orbits of the planets around the Sun",
"rotation of a planet on its axis",
"tilt of Earth's axis",
"phases of the Moon"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | Gravity is responsible for the ___.
Choices:
A orbits of the planets around the Sun
B rotation of a planet on its axis
C tilt of Earth's axis
D phases of the Moon | [INST] In the year 2000, the Moon was at a ____.
Choices:
A minimum distance from the Earth
B maximum distance from the Earth
C average distance from the Earth
D perigee [/INST]
[INST] The Moon |
AKDE&ED_2008_8_39 | A scientific explanation should include a demonstration of the relationships between | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"measurement, form, and function.",
"changes, interactions, and formulas.",
"logic, evidence, and current knowledge.",
"hypothesis, problem solving, and lab equipment."
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | A scientific explanation should include a demonstration of the relationships between
Choices:
A measurement, form, and function.
B changes, interactions, and formulas.
C logic, evidence, and current knowledge.
D hypothesis, problem solving, and lab equipment. | [INST] In an experiment, which of the following would be considered a variable?
Choices:
A constant.
B the dependent variable.
C the independent variable.
D both the dependent and independent variables. [/INST]
[INST] Scientists often use the scientific |
Mercury_7263008 | Which two theories of Moon formation propose that much or all of the material comprising the Moon came from Earth? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"The Fission Theory and The Coaccretion Theory",
"The Coaccretion Theory and The Capture Theory",
"The Fission Theory and the Giant Impact Theory",
"The Capture Theory and the Giant Impact Theory"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | Which two theories of Moon formation propose that much or all of the material comprising the Moon came from Earth?
Choices:
A The Fission Theory and The Coaccretion Theory
B The Coaccretion Theory and The Capture Theory
C The Fission Theory and the Giant Impact Theory
D The Capture Theory and the Giant Impact Theory | [INST] In the year 2000, NASA scientists discovered a large asteroid (65803) named Didymos that has a companion. What is this companion called?
Choices:
A Didymos A
B Didymos B
C Did |
ACTAAP_2008_5_13 | Which is a characteristic of sedimentary rock? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"forms in layers",
"looks very shiny",
"contains crystals",
"forms from magma"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | Which is a characteristic of sedimentary rock?
Choices:
A forms in layers
B looks very shiny
C contains crystals
D forms from magma | [INST] Which type of rock is the youngest?
Choices:
Igneous
Metamorphic
Sedimentary
Lunar [/INST]
[INST] What is the lowest point on Earth?
Choices:
The Grand |
Mercury_7241063 | Which factor determines if two individuals are members of the same species? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"They live in the same habitat and niche.",
"They forage and eat the same type of food.",
"They mate and produce fertile offspring.",
"They are similar in appearance and color."
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | Which factor determines if two individuals are members of the same species?
Choices:
A They live in the same habitat and niche.
B They forage and eat the same type of food.
C They mate and produce fertile offspring.
D They are similar in appearance and color. | [INST] Insects can be grouped by what characteristic?
Choices:
A The way they reproduce
B The way they breathe
C The way they move
D The way they feed [/INST]
[INST] What is the most important characteristic of an animal |
Mercury_7128240 | Mangrove trees are affected by several factors. Which is an abiotic factor contributing to the energy cycle of a mangrove ecosystem? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"bacteria",
"climate",
"fungi",
"rocks"
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | Mangrove trees are affected by several factors. Which is an abiotic factor contributing to the energy cycle of a mangrove ecosystem?
Choices:
A bacteria
B climate
C fungi
D rocks | ## 7.7285782670067
[INST] The flow of energy through a plant’s parts is a.
Choices:
A. Energy is stored in the leaves.
B. Energy is produced in the roots. |
Mercury_406546 | A plant that has traits identical to the parent plant provides evidence that the plant | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"resulted from sexual reproduction.",
"resulted from asexual reproduction.",
"will develop many seeds.",
"will have large leaves."
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | A plant that has traits identical to the parent plant provides evidence that the plant
Choices:
A resulted from sexual reproduction.
B resulted from asexual reproduction.
C will develop many seeds.
D will have large leaves. | Question 17.
Which of the following statements about plants is FALSE?
Choices:
A Plants reproduce either sexually or asexually.
B Plants can be classified based on their life cycle.
C Plants are motile.
D Plants must have |
Mercury_SC_415415 | What happens to climate and weather over a summer? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"Weather varies more than climate.",
"Climate varies more than weather.",
"Climate varies, but weather stays the same.",
"Weather and climate vary to the same degree."
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | What happens to climate and weather over a summer?
Choices:
A Weather varies more than climate.
B Climate varies more than weather.
C Climate varies, but weather stays the same.
D Weather and climate vary to the same degree. | [INST] In the year 2000, the average temperature in a city was 65 degrees. In the year 2010, the average temperature was 64 degrees. What was the difference between the average temperatures in 2000 and 2010 |
Mercury_7230125 | The hypothesis of an expanding universe required which type of validation before being accepted as a significant part of scientific theory? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"a controlled single-variable laboratory test",
"support through evidence from numerous observations",
"proposal of alternative explanations with predictive value",
"a full-scale replication of each event in the proper sequence"
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | The hypothesis of an expanding universe required which type of validation before being accepted as a significant part of scientific theory?
Choices:
A a controlled single-variable laboratory test
B support through evidence from numerous observations
C proposal of alternative explanations with predictive value
D a full-scale replication of each event in the proper sequence | [INST] In an experiment, which of the following would be considered a control?
Choices:
A a group of animals that is not exposed to any treatment
B a group of animals that receives a standard treatment
C a group of animals that is exposed to the new drug
D |
AKDE&ED_2008_8_43 | Charles Darwin made a number of observations and inferences during his travels. He studied island finches during a long period of time. Which statement is an inference? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"Individual birds have different colored feathers.",
"Island finches have a large number of offspring.",
"Individual birds of an island finch species have many differences.",
"Island finches share a common ancestry with mainland finch species."
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | Charles Darwin made a number of observations and inferences during his travels. He studied island finches during a long period of time. Which statement is an inference?
Choices:
A Individual birds have different colored feathers.
B Island finches have a large number of offspring.
C Individual birds of an island finch species have many differences.
D Island finches share a common ancestry with mainland finch species. | [INST] In Charles Darwin’s “Origin of Species,” he presented a theory of evolution. This theory was supported by observations of the Galapagos finches. These finches are found on the Galapagos Islands, which are off the coast of South America. Which of the following |
NAEP_2000_8_S21+8 | Which of the following is designed to convert energy into mechanical work? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"Electric fan",
"Kerosene heater",
"Flashlight",
"Baking oven"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | Which of the following is designed to convert energy into mechanical work?
Choices:
A Electric fan
B Kerosene heater
C Flashlight
D Baking oven | [INST] In an automobile engine, what is the primary fuel?
Choices:
A Hydrogen
B Ethanol
C Natural gas
D Gasoline [/INST]
[INST] Which of the following is designed to generate electricity?
Cho |
NYSEDREGENTS_2008_4_8 | A magnet and a metal paper clip have the strongest magnetic attraction when the distance between them is | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"4 centimeters",
"8 centimeters",
"12 centimeters",
"16 centimeters"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | A magnet and a metal paper clip have the strongest magnetic attraction when the distance between them is
Choices:
A 4 centimeters
B 8 centimeters
C 12 centimeters
D 16 centimeters | ## 7 answers
[INST] [/INST] [INST] a [/INST] [INST] B [/INST] [INST] C [/INST] [INST] D [/INST] [INST] A [/INST] [INST] B [/INST] [ |
LEAP__7_10341 | A scientist studied a species of fish. She found that when a certain nutrient was added to the diet of the fish just after hatching, the fish gained an average of 3 kilograms in the first year. What additional information is needed to determine whether the nutrient is affecting the growth of the fish? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"how much adult fish gained on average when the same nutrient was added to their diet",
"how much newly hatched fish in this species gain in the first year without the nutrient in their diet",
"how much of the nutrient is available for the fish species in their natural surroundings",
"how much other species of fish gain in the first year when the nutrient is added to their diet"
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | A scientist studied a species of fish. She found that when a certain nutrient was added to the diet of the fish just after hatching, the fish gained an average of 3 kilograms in the first year. What additional information is needed to determine whether the nutrient is affecting the growth of the fish?
Choices:
A how much adult fish gained on average when the same nutrient was added to their diet
B how much newly hatched fish in this species gain in the first year without the nutrient in their diet
C how much of the nutrient is available for the fish species in their natural surroundings
D how much other species of fish gain in the first year when the nutrient is added to their diet | |
MCAS_2000_4_32 | The parts of plants that make seeds are the | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"roots.",
"stems.",
"flowers.",
"leaves."
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | The parts of plants that make seeds are the
Choices:
A roots.
B stems.
C flowers.
D leaves. | [INST] Insects can be harmful to plants. For example, they can
Choices:
A make holes in plant leaves.
B take nectar from plant flowers.
C pollinate plant flowers.
D carry seeds from plant flowers.[/INST]
[ |
Mercury_7024360 | Which human activity would have the greatest positive impact on the water quality of a stream? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"releasing warm water into the stream",
"driving cars through the stream",
"reducing use of fertilizers near the stream",
"increasing use of chemicals near the stream"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | Which human activity would have the greatest positive impact on the water quality of a stream?
Choices:
A releasing warm water into the stream
B driving cars through the stream
C reducing use of fertilizers near the stream
D increasing use of chemicals near the stream | [INST] In an experiment about the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on the growth of algae in a stream, the researcher should be careful to keep the amount of which element constant?
Choices:
A nitrogen
B phosphorus
C oxygen
D |
MCAS_2004_9_6-v1 | Which of the following is the best example of a wave? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"a stone rolling downhill",
"a vehicle traveling on a bumpy road",
"a string vibrating on a guitar",
"a grasshopper jumping up and down occasionally"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | Which of the following is the best example of a wave?
Choices:
A a stone rolling downhill
B a vehicle traveling on a bumpy road
C a string vibrating on a guitar
D a grasshopper jumping up and down occasionally | [INST] In which of the following situations does a sound wave carry energy?
Choices:
A a sound wave is passing through a block of wood.
B a sound wave is passing through a block of wood.
C a sound wave is passing through the air.
D a |
Mercury_SC_406012 | The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves that run throughout the entire body. Which of these is one function of the nervous system? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"supports body posture",
"controls body functions",
"supplies the blood with oxygen",
"carries blood to and from the heart"
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves that run throughout the entire body. Which of these is one function of the nervous system?
Choices:
A supports body posture
B controls body functions
C supplies the blood with oxygen
D carries blood to and from the heart | [INST] In the blood, which of these is a function of hemoglobin?
Choices:
A carries the oxygen
B carries the carbon dioxide
C carries the red blood cells
D carries the plasma [/INST]
[INST] Which of |
Mercury_SC_LBS10611 | Which of these best describes a fossil? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"a geometric pattern formed by a mineral",
"a solid element or compound from Earth's crust",
"remains of an extinct organism found in a rock layer",
"bits of weathered rocks and pieces of dead organisms"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | Which of these best describes a fossil?
Choices:
A a geometric pattern formed by a mineral
B a solid element or compound from Earth's crust
C remains of an extinct organism found in a rock layer
D bits of weathered rocks and pieces of dead organisms | [INST] Which of these best describes the process by which elements are combined to form minerals?
Choices:
A fusion
B sedimentation
C crystallization
D crystallization and fusion [/INST]
[INST] Which of the following is NOT an |
MCAS_2006_8_21 | Which of the following is the best example of a part of the propulsion system of a tractor? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"engine",
"front headlight",
"hood",
"steering wheel"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | Which of the following is the best example of a part of the propulsion system of a tractor?
Choices:
A engine
B front headlight
C hood
D steering wheel | [INST] In an automotive repair shop, which tool is used to remove a stuck wheel?
Choices:
A floor jack
B lug wrench
C tire gauge
D tire iron [/INST]
[INST] A car is equipped with a ____________ engine |
Mercury_SC_402125 | Two high tides and two low tides occur on Earth every | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"day.",
"hour.",
"week.",
"month."
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | Two high tides and two low tides occur on Earth every
Choices:
A day.
B hour.
C week.
D month. | [INST] Insects can perceive light frequencies that are outside of the range of human vision. This is because the compound eyes of insects have
Choices:
A more complex crystalline cones.
B more complex rods.
C more complex lenses. |
Mercury_7032148 | Which scientist is credited for the development of the polio vaccine? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"Jonas Salk",
"Neil Armstrong",
"Albert Einstein",
"Jacques Cousteau"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | Which scientist is credited for the development of the polio vaccine?
Choices:
A Jonas Salk
B Neil Armstrong
C Albert Einstein
D Jacques Cousteau | [INST] In 2007, which country hosted the first Olympic Winter Games held on the continent of Africa?
Choices:
A South Africa
B Mauritius
C Morocco
D Kenya [/INST]
[INST] This country is the only |
Mercury_7148155 | Air that travels away from the equator fails to maintain a straight path. The path of the air is deflected to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere. The apparent deflection of air to either the right or left is known as the Coriolis Effect. Which factor produces the Coriolis Effect? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"the gravity of Earth",
"the rotation of Earth",
"the axial tilt of Earth",
"the revolution of Earth"
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | Air that travels away from the equator fails to maintain a straight path. The path of the air is deflected to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere. The apparent deflection of air to either the right or left is known as the Coriolis Effect. Which factor produces the Coriolis Effect?
Choices:
A the gravity of Earth
B the rotation of Earth
C the axial tilt of Earth
D the revolution of Earth | ## 7 answers
[INST] [/INST] [INST] B [/INST] [INST] B [/INST] [INST] B [/INST] [INST] B [/INST] [INST] B [/INST] [INST] B [/INST] [ |
Mercury_SC_416166 | What helps skin feel heat and pressure? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"muscle cells",
"blood cells",
"nerve cells",
"bone cells"
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | What helps skin feel heat and pressure?
Choices:
A muscle cells
B blood cells
C nerve cells
D bone cells | [INST] Insects can perceive light by means of their:
Choices:
A eardrums
B eyes
C feathers
D hair [/INST]
[INST] Which of the following is an example of a nerve ending?
Cho |
Mercury_7141890 | Based on the organization of living things, tissues | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"form systems.",
"are made of cells.",
"are made of organs.",
"do the work of cells."
]
} | B | ARC-Easy | Based on the organization of living things, tissues
Choices:
A form systems.
B are made of cells.
C are made of organs.
D do the work of cells. | [INST] Insects can be grouped by their body parts.
Choices:
A by the number of legs.
B by the number of wings.
C by the number of eyes.
D by the number of antennae. [/INST]
[ |
Mercury_7222145 | Elements on the right side of the periodic table differ from the elements on the left side in that the elements on the right side | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"are solid at room temperature.",
"are good electrical conductors.",
"generally have very high densities.",
"tend to form ions by gaining electrons."
]
} | D | ARC-Easy | Elements on the right side of the periodic table differ from the elements on the left side in that the elements on the right side
Choices:
A are solid at room temperature.
B are good electrical conductors.
C generally have very high densities.
D tend to form ions by gaining electrons. | Question 1 of 128
[INST] In the figure above, a particle with charge +1.6×10^-19 Coulombs and a particle with charge -1.6×10^-19 Coulombs are released from the same position with the same |
VASoL_2008_3_35 | A black bear eats many different things, including grasses, roots, and berries. It also eats insects, fish, and other small animals. Which of these BEST describes a black bear? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"Omnivore",
"Carnivore",
"Herbivore",
"Producer"
]
} | A | ARC-Easy | A black bear eats many different things, including grasses, roots, and berries. It also eats insects, fish, and other small animals. Which of these BEST describes a black bear?
Choices:
A Omnivore
B Carnivore
C Herbivore
D Producer | [INST] Insects can be herbivores and carnivores. Which of the following insects BEST fits the definition of carnivore?
Choices:
A Aphids
B Caterpillars
C Ladybugs
D Ants |
MDSA_2013_8_2 | Each layer of Earth has different properties. Which statement best describes the mantle of Earth? | {
"label": [
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
],
"text": [
"The mantle lies below the core.",
"The mantle is composed of hot gases.",
"The mantle lies between the core and the crust.",
"The mantle temperature is lower than the crust temperature."
]
} | C | ARC-Easy | Each layer of Earth has different properties. Which statement best describes the mantle of Earth?
Choices:
A The mantle lies below the core.
B The mantle is composed of hot gases.
C The mantle lies between the core and the crust.
D The mantle temperature is lower than the crust temperature. | [INST] In the year 2000, the U.S. economy was the largest in the world. Which statement best describes the U.S. economy?
Choices:
A The U.S. has a command economy.
B The U.S. has |
Subsets and Splits