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107,758 |
At the optic disc, VFD was reported in six sectors based on the Garway-Heath map centered on the optic disc (Fig. 2b). The inner elliptical contour is obtained by fitting an ellipse to the disc margin shown on the OCT en face image. This was manually corrected in case the automated positing failed to do so. The ring width between the inner and outer elliptical contour was 0.75 mm in 4.5 mm × 4.5 mm scans.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Ophthalmology"
] |
67,182 |
Table 4 shows that “waking up with pain” is much more prevalent in the Air group, as well as the presence of pain at discharge, although a statistically significant difference was not achieved. On the other hand, the sensation of abdominal distension was not noticed in the CO2 Group and present in 16% of the cases in the Air group. There were 62 completed questionnaires in the CO2 group and 44 in the Air and the answers, compiled in Table 5, point much more comfort with the use of CO2, although without statistical expression. Few patients were symptomatically treated, and less than 5% of each group used the team’s services. “Very good” comfort degree was achieved in about 63% of CO2 group, while no more than 35% in the Air group. There was no difference in relation to the presence of mucosal enanthema in both groups.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Gastroenterology",
"Endoscopy"
] |
128,387 |
a Growth of strain PAO1 WT in minimal medium A containing 1 mM phosphate (+Pi, blue) or 50 µM phosphate (−Pi, black) over 12 h. Data are the average of three independent replicates. b Liberation of para-nitrophenol (pNP) from para-nitrophenol phosphate (pNPP) through alkaline phosphatase activity, under Pi-replete (1 mM, black) and Pi-deplete (50 µM, yellow) conditions. Error bars represent the standard deviation of three independent replicates. c Representative chromatograms in negative ionisation mode of the P. aeruginosa lipidome when grown under phosphorus stress (−Pi, black) compared to growth under phosphorus sufficient conditions (+Pi, orange). PG phosphatidylglycerol, PE phosphatidylethanolamine, OL ornithine lipids. Lower panel: extracted ion chromatograms of three new glycolipid species in P. aeruginosa which are only produced during Pi-limitation (black, 1 mM; orange, 50 µM). MGDG monoglucosyldiacylglycerol, GADG glucuronic acid-diacylglycerol and UGL unconfirmed glycolipid. d Mass spectrometry fragmentation spectra of three glycolipid species present under Pi stress in P. aeruginosa, at retention times of 7.7 (m/z 774.7), 8.7 (m/z 786.7) and 9.8 (m/z 788.6) minutes, respectively. Each spectrum depicts an intact lipid mass with an ammonium (NH4+) adduct exhibiting neutral loss of a head group, yielding diacylglycerol (DAG) (595 m/z). Further fragmentation yields monoacylglycerols (MAG) with C16:0 or C18:1 fatty acyl chains.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Microbiology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
88,956 |
Bar graph depicting global and basal strain changes in left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) walls in cardiac amyloidosis(CA) patients compared to controls(C), patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM) and arterial hypertension(HTN), and athletes(ATHL). 1 A–C. CA patients show predominant decrease in LV basal longitudinal strain (LV basal LS) and LV peak basal rotation (ROT) compared to HCM and HTN patients. 1D. Peak untwisting velocity (PUV) is equally reduced in CA, HCM and HTN patients. 1E–F. CA patients show predominant decrease in RV basal free-wall longitudinal strain (RV basal FW LS) compared to HCM and HTN patients. Decrease in RV basal strain is also observed in athletes although less marked than CA patients.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Cardiology"
] |
62,350 |
Cells were plated at 3 x 105 cells per mL in normoxia or hypoxia for 48 hours. Nuclear and cytoplasmic extracts or whole cell lysates were prepared using NE-PER Nuclear Extraction kit or the M-PER mammalian protein extraction reagent (ThermoFisher Scientific), respectively, according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Protein concentrations were determined using the Pierce BCA Protein Assay Kit (ThermoFisher Scientific). Equal amounts of protein were subjected to LDS-PAGE using 4 to 12% NuPAGE Bis-Tris precast gels (ThermoFisher Scientific) and transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane using iBlot dry blotting system (ThermoFisher Scientific). The membrane was blocked either with 5% w/v nonfat dry milk (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc., Dallas, TX) in 1X TBST, made using 10X TBS buffer pH 7.4 (Quality Biological Inc., Gaithersburg, MD) and 0.05% Tween 20 (Promega, Madison, WI) for use with alkaline phosphatase (AP) colorimetric detection system or with Odyssey blocking buffer (Li-Cor BioSciences, Lincoln, NE) for use with the Licor fluorescent detection system. Blots were incubated with the primary antibodies listed in S1 Table for 1 hour at room temperature or overnight at 4°C. After 3 washes with TBST, the blots were then incubated for 1 hour with the appropriate alkaline phosphatase-conjugated secondary antibodies for visualization by Calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase (Promega) or with IRDye 800CW or 680LT secondary antibodies (Li-Cor Biosciences) conjugated with green or red fluorescent dyes for visualization using Odyssey imaging system (Li-Cor Biosciences). Western blots were analyzed using ImageStudio (Li-Cor Biosciences).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Molecular Biology"
] |
267,376 |
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Live outdoor plants, incl. their roots* Ethiopia195.4336.36102.53212.721809.82Lebanon4.302.902.101.500.10SyriaOman0.00Saudi Arabia0.00Jordan0.08Egypt95.431.970.42586.765.70SudanIsrael2,768.081,959.352,190.753,758.352,292.20Sum3,063.242,000.582,295.804,559.334,107.90*: (Excl. bulbs, tubers, tuberous roots, corms, crowns and rhizomes, incl. chicory plants and roots, unrooted cuttings, slips, rhododendrons, azaleas, roses, mushroom spawn, pineapple plants, vegetable and strawberry plants, trees, shrubs and bushes).
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
[
"Economics"
] |
206,771 |
What is clear from the historic lack of newly approved therapies and limited improvement in patient survival rates over the last 50 years compared with other solid tumours is that glioblastoma represents a complex and difficult therapeutic challenge. However, recent work by numerous groups has started to reveal further genetic and molecular insights into glioblastoma biology, particularly within the area of DDR mechanisms that are triggered by current standard‐of‐care radiochemotherapy regimes used to treat these tumours. Furthermore, an evolving understanding of the GSC niche together with the development of novel preclinical models that better reflect postsurgical residual disease should hopefully begin to yield new therapeutic strategies over the next 5–10 years.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
[
"Oncology",
"Neuro-Oncology"
] |
95,302 |
The results presented so far considered that the same node removal rules (time-invariant attack) operated on the system until its complete destruction. In many systems however, an adaptive “attack and recovery strategy” is applied, i.e., system performance is evaluated periodically, and especially in the early stages of the attack, to guide future actions. It is understood, for example, that an attack strategy, which is optimal when evaluated over a long period of time might be suboptimal relative to a shorter time horizon. Figure 3 (bottom panels) shows the results of the robustness-based ranking of attack strategies defined with respect to a partial (10%) system destruction. Although both the strong dependence of robustness on α and the presence of crossovers is still observed, the crossover location moves closer to α = 1 with substantial divergence in the attack strategy rankings for α < 1. The practical implications of this finding can be substantial; for example, in a BA network α = 0.7 (which gives 70% weight to the AN and 30% to the IN) would remarkably re-rank the robustness of different attack strategies which for α = 1 would be indistinguishable (rightmost bottom panel plot of Fig. 3).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Network Science",
"Biomedical Engineering"
] |
261,642 |
The following health care services are rendered in the selected PHC clinics: reproductive health, maternal and child health care including family planning, immunisation, education concerning prevailing health problems and methods of preventing and controlling them, and appropriate treatment for communicable and chronic diseases and injuries, psychiatric conditions, sexually transmitted infections and the management of acute illness such as diarrhoea, pneumonia and promotion of nutrition.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
[
"Public Health"
] |
327,333 |
Previous research shows that patients’ access to their Web-based health data empowers them to make more informed decisions and supports a more proactive role in their health . Primarily because of legal actions, such as the GDPR, and empowering movements, such as MyData , individuals now have more digital power than ever before and control how their health data are shared. Our findings indicated that customers are also aware of their rights, as 14.2% (64/452) of customers expressed certain data treatment requirements. Thus, the organization should make explicit how it will treat the customers’ health data, who will have access to the data, how the data will be used, and what measures will be taken to protect the data from unwanted access. In addition, some customers either had no expectations when sharing health data (57/452, 12.6%) or preferred to not engage in an exchange relationship with Omega (44/452, 9.7%). This is interesting when comparing our findings with a Canadian primary care practice context, which reported a much higher degree of unwillingness to share data with private insurance companies (79% of physicians and 67% of patients) . However, passive exchange partners can still form relationships without engaging in health data sharing beyond what is necessary, such as initial screening for health insurance. For Omega and the health data economy, this suggests that some individuals will be passive or even indifferent participants, some of whom would need additional stimulation or education to meaningfully be incentivized to engage in digital health solutions .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Health Informatics"
] |
107,836 |
Trichoderma isolates were identified at the species level by using the combination of morphological [29–32] and microbial molecular analysis . The isolates were purified by repeated sub-culturing and the pure cultures were stored by cryopreservation in 20% glycerol at -80°C in School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, P. R. China.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Microbiology"
] |
340,305 |
Cys-peptide-npp resins (1 mg dry resin) were placed in two test tubes and swelled for 24 h with 0.3 mL of 0.1 mM dithiothreitol (DTT) (Wako) solution (in DMF). The swollen resins were washed five times with DMF. One test tube was incubated with 1 mL of 100 mM test compound solution (in DMF) at room temperature (20–25 °C) for 24 h (test). The other test tube was incubated in DMF at room temperature for 24 h (control). After incubation, the resins were washed once with DMF and then five times with H2O/acetonitrile/TFA (95:5:0.01, v/v). Cys-peptide-npp resins were irradiated with UV light for 20 min to cleave the peptide from the resins in 300 µL of the cleavage solution (95% MilliQ water, 5% acetonitrile, and 0.01% TFA). Then the absorbed substances on the resin were washed out by 300 µL of the wash solution (50% acetonitrile, 50% MilliQ water). Both the cleavage solution and the wash solution were analyzed using MALDI-TOF MS or HPLC.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Biochemistry"
] |
115,433 |
In conclusion, our study assessed the effect of preoperative short-term hormone therapy on treatment outcomes and found that IHC based post-Ki67 levels may have distinct predictive power compared with the naïve IHC Ki67. Future studies with larger cohorts and longer follow-up periods may be needed to further test the efficacy of IHC Ki67 after short-term preoperative hormone therapy.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Oncology"
] |
329,512 |
In particular, two of the newly identified sex-specific markers in this study hold great promise: transcripts of the putative male marker 1 (PMM1 PF3D7_1477700) are >10-fold more abundant than the currently used male marker P230p, and the ratio between male and female transcripts is 144 (>3-fold higher than P230p; see Table S2) (20). The transcripts of the putative female marker (PFM PF3D7_1447600) are abundant (although significantly less than the transcripts for the female marker p25). At the same time, the ratio between female and male gametocytes is 1.6-fold higher than for p25. These values indicate very good sensitivity and improved specificity in comparison to the currently used markers.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Parasitology"
] |
209,538 |
The determinants of subjective well-being have received an increased interest in recent years due to the availability of information from different well-known surveys (Becchetti et al., 2012) and various factors in the social environment are being recognized in many of the models defining health and well-being (e.g., The rainbow model of health by Whitehead and Dahlgren, 2006). Even though digital technology and internet use can be seen as examples of such socio-environmental factors, they are rarely included in the studies of subjective well-being among the general population (Castellacci and Tveito, 2018), not to mention the aging population (Gallistl and Wanka, 2018; Peine and Neven, 2019). However, the current limited evidence base exploring whether and how the use of internet and related digital tools can be connected to well-being in later life, points at advantageous effects, such as lowering levels of loneliness, anomie (Schlomann et al., 2020) and social isolation (Hajek and König, 2019) and enhancing social connectedness (Sinclair and Grieve, 2017) and autonomy (Schlomann et al., 2020), but there are also contradictions, especially when it comes to loneliness (Shah et al., 2021). A theoretical model by Nowland et al. (2018) suggests that when internet is being used for enhancing existing relationships and forming new social contacts it can reduce loneliness, whereas the opposite effect might be observed if digital tools totally replace offline social activities (Nowland et al., 2018). The connection between internet use and different forms of loneliness is therefore argued to be dependent on the way in which internet and related digital tools are being used (Szabo et al., 2019). Furthermore, Lifshitz et al. (2018) looked into the connection of different internet activities to subjective well-being in later life and found that after adding sociodemographic variables into the analysis, only online leisure activities predicted subjective well-being by increasing life satisfaction and decreasing depression levels. Hence, internet use per se may not be connected to well-being in later life–there is a need to explore the connection between different kinds of internet activities and the subjective well-being of older adults.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Gerontology",
"Psychology"
] |
316,701 |
The electrochemical properties of NiS were studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge (CD) measurements. The cyclic voltammograms of NiS synthesized from complex (1) at various temperatures (200, 300 and 400 °C) are shown in Fig. 6a–c. The area under the CV curves is observed to increase with increase in temperature, indicating improvement in the charge storage capacity. The shape of the CV curves is also shown to be identical even at higher scan rates, signifying high stability in charge transfer. The charge-discharge curves obtained at various current densities are shown in Fig. 6d–f. It was shown that a longer discharge time was observed for α-NiS, which also suggests improvement in charge storage capacity, followed by β-NiS, and the composite showed lower discharge time as compare to pure α-NiS or β-NiS. Figure 7a,b shows the CV and CD curves of the NiS synthesized from complex (2). The identical CV curves may represent a high stability during the process, and the increase in the discharge time with a decrease in the current density may imply an improvement in the storage capacity at lower applied current. It was interesting to note that, despite having a similar phase, the discharge time for α-NiS (NISO) obtained from the decomposition of the octyl xanthate precursor was much shorter (almost 10 times) as compared to the α-NiS (NISE-1) obtained from the ethyl xanthate precursor.Figure 6CV curves at various scan rates for NiS synthesized from the complex (1) at (a) 200 °C, (b) 300 °C and (c) 400 °C. Galvanostatic charge and discharge curves of NiS synthesized from the complex (1) at (d) 200 °C, (e) 300 °C and (f) 400 °C.Figure 7(a) CV curves at various scan rates (b) Galvanostatic charge and discharge curves, for NiS sample synthesized from the complex (2) at 250 °C.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Materials Science",
"Chemistry"
] |
189,478 |
5) ML-driven gait-based studies can benefit from large-scale population data through smartphones, smartwatches, and other wearable devices (Frey et al., 2019), as well as individual or small-scale data easily collected at low cost, via pervasive techniques such as MS Kinect (Dolatabadi et al., 2017), smartphone (Pepa et al., 2020), triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) smart shoes (Zou et al., 2020) and socks (Zhang et al., 2020g) which makes them suitable for implementation at home, clinic, etc. These systems stand to benefit from the recent fast and continuing advancements in sensing technology, textiles, parallel processing, cloud computing, and IoT grids.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Biomechanics",
"Rehabilitation Engineering"
] |
164,471 |
Despite the advantages of the ALT flap mentioned earlier, the ALT deep fascia flap also has the following advantages. The flap, the thickness of which can be as thin as 2 ~ 3 mm, is especially suitable for soft tissue defects in the hand. Because of the thin character, this flap is more flexible, easy to trim, easy to mold and expand, and suitable to repair three‐dimensional and irregular defects in the hand. The flap size does not need to be much larger than that of the defect. The inset of the flap is easy and does not affect the circulation. As the ALT deep fascia flap is uniformly thin rather than partially or marginally thin, it is more suitable for the coverage of small defects. Multilobed deep fascia flaps can also be harvested according to the need for defects.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
[
"Reconstructive surgery"
] |
234,477 |
While it is possible to observe cross-linking events through the mechanical tests, FTIR analysis is not sensitive enough to detect their occurrence. The signals of the -CH2- and -CH3 groups are not modified, as highlighted in Figure 8: at 2916 and 2848 cm−1 for the asymmetric and symmetric stretching vibrations of the -CH2- group, respectively. The bands at 1474 and 730 cm−1 correspond to the crystalline phase and the bands at 1464 and 720 cm−1 correspond to the amorphous phase . The intensity and location of these specific crystallinity bands do not vary with respect to dose, therefore, the impact of γ-irradiation on the crystallinity of the EVA/EVOH/EVA film is not large enough to be detected by FTIR.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Biomaterials"
] |
312,035 |
Reference gene primers were designed and synthesized by Sangon Biotech (Shanghai, China). The efficiency, dynamic range and specificity of all primers were tested by Sangon Biotech (Shanghai, China). RT-qPCR was performed using TB Green® Premix Ex Taq™ Kit (TaKaRa RR420A) on an Applied Biosystems 7500 Real-Time PCR System, as described previously . Each sample was measured in three technical replicates. The relative quantification of RT-qPCR data were calculated using the 2−ΔΔCT method, as described previously .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Molecular Biology"
] |
268,391 |
The coefficients \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${c}_{1}^{S}\left(T\right)$$\end{document}c1ST and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${c}_{2}^{S}\left(T\right)$$\end{document}c2ST (in black and green, respectively, in Figure 4c) of the acrylic acid selectivity take up positive and negative values depending on the temperature range. \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${c}_{1}^{S}\left(T\right)$$\end{document}c1ST and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${c}_{2}^{S}\left(T\right)$$\end{document}c2ST are positive for high and low temperatures, respectively. The signs of the coefficients change at ca. 350°C. Therefore, the selectivity is described by the model of Equation 5 as a sum of a positive and a negative term. This hints at different processes that facilitate and hinder the selectivity in a concerted and temperature-dependent manner. By fitting smooth functions to the coefficients, models for estimating acrylic acid selectivity across temperatures, including those not measured experimentally, can be obtained. Such models are useful for optimizing process conditions.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Chemical Engineering",
"Materials Science"
] |
146,004 |
Using the global ratings, latent profile analyses (LPAs) were performed to identify homogeneous subgroups within the sample. The profiles were estimated using the TIDYLPA CRAN package in the R Studio software version 1.4.1103. Different models were estimated to identify the best fit to the data. Model fit was evaluated considering the Akaike’s information criterion (AIC), the approximate weight of evidence (AWE), the Bayesian information criterion (BIC), the classification likelihood criterion (CLC) and the Kullback information criterion (KIC), in which lower values indicate a better fit, and entropy, in which values above 0.64 are deemed to be acceptable . The model fit comparisons were performed according to the guidelines defined by Akogul and Erisoglu in which the lower AIC, AWE, BIC, CLC, and KIC values indicate a better fit to the data. For the current study, no power analysis is presented regarding the LPAs. As acknowledged by Spurk and colleagues , power analysis regarding latent profile analysis cannot be presented in every study because of their complexity. LPAs’ power analyses are made through simulation studies that require knowledge of population parameter values driven from prior work or theory, which are often unavailable .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Biostatistics"
] |
191,464 |
Acoustically induced cavitation (AIC) uses ultrasound as the driving force of cavitation nucleation and oscillation. Typically, the AIC system (see a schematic in Figure 1b ) consists of transducers, signal amplifiers, and waveform generators for generating and controlling desired ultrasonic inputs to biological samples. When a liquid is subjected to an ultrasound field, alternating expansion and compression cycles occur in the media. If the intensity of the alternations is sufficiently large, pressure decreases rapidly and gaseous bubbles nucleate .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Biomedical Engineering",
"Biophysics"
] |
229,175 |
The current health crisis that has arisen from the spread of antimicrobial resistance has become one of the major causes of death occurring worldwide, accounting for more than 700,000 deaths annually, which in turn is threatening the global community development and modern medical achievements (World Health Organization, 2019). The abovementioned points expose the pharmaceutical industry’s failure to provide effective and innovative treatments to defeat multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, which are increasingly becoming prevalent worldwide (Nikaido, 2009; Brown and Wright, 2016). Although the conventional approaches have proven to be effective during the last century, the most recently developed drugs are not effective against several bacteria’s evolving resistance systems. This situation has resulted from the diverse mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance, which rely on the following principles: the synthesis of hydrolytic enzymes, the modification of active binding sites, decreasing antimicrobial affinity, decreasing cell-wall permeability to drugs, and the generation of efflux pumps, which transport the antimicrobial agents outside cells (Reygaert, 2018). Thus, the lack of new and effective antimicrobial agents shows the urgent need for novel sources of bioactive compounds beyond the conventional antibiotic classes (Ruddaraju et al., 2020). Historically, most antibiotics belong to a limited group of molecular scaffolds whose lifespan has been extended through several generations of synthetic modifications (Ogawara, 2021). In this way, most of the main classes of antibiotics have been discovered through systematic bioprospection of soil microbes, which led them to advance in synthetic chemistry. However, the recent advances in mycology have unearthed the biosynthetic diversity of fungi toward providing novel antibiotics in response to the new millennium crisis.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
[
"Microbiology",
"Antimicrobial Resistance"
] |
314,621 |
The temperature and strain-rate effects on the stress–strain relationships and microstructural behaviors of casting AZ31 Mg alloys during PSC were tested and characterized in this study. The Correlations among the loading conditions, microstructural behaviors, and macroscopic performances should be clarified.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Materials Science"
] |
197,357 |
“In England, MHSW is not well defined—there is an obligation on local authorities to provide a MHSW workforce, and an expectation that MHSW will form part of the multidisciplinary environment in mental health, but the scope and intention of that role is not defined, and definitions have therefore emerged which are very localised and contextual, in response to local working arrangements. Recent attempts to change this in policy have had minimal impact on the frontline of practice, where the corresponding health roles are much more clearly delineated. The increasing withdrawal of social workers from the multidisciplinary environment has seen a shift toward social work in mental health becoming a statutory role linked to the local authorities’ legal obligations, while those social workers who remain within health settings tend to fall into distinctly more generic practitioner roles.”
| 2 | 2other
| 1Other
|
[
"Mental Health"
] |
159,344 |
The estimated sample size was calculated based on an estimated PD prevalence in the general population of 187 cases per 100,000 inhabitants and the 2015 population of the Albacete Health Area (414,892 inhabitants), giving an estimated 776 persons diagnosed with PD. If the mean score and standard deviation of HRQoL were similar to that obtained in the study by Rahman (mean = 32.4; SD = 16.3) , then for a 95% confidence level and a precision of ±2.5, the estimated sample size was 135 subjects (EpiDat v3.1. Epidemiology Service of the Dirección Xeral de Saúde Pública, Santiago de Compostela, Spain).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Epidemiology"
] |
237,739 |
The economic crisis linked to COVID-19 is very different from the last financial crisis (2007–2008) since it does not have a financial origin (bubble-burst cycle); it is the kind of black swan event that took the world economy by complete surprise (Aliber & Kindleberger, 2015; Beltratti & Stulz, 2012; Fitoussi & Saraceno, 2010; McGuinness & Hogan, 2016; Samatas et al., 2019). Besides, the consequences are dramatic: the USA expects a contraction of nearly 11% in terms of real GDP (Baker et al., 2020), with small businesses that are particularly affected since they are typically financially fragile (Bartik et al., 2020; Fairlie & Fossen, 2021); in the UK, according to a recent McKinsey survey of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), nearly 60% of firms surveyed believe they will be out of business by for April 2021 (Albonico et al., 2020). Indeed, the decision taken by many governments to confine people to stay in their houses to save lives has led to an acute cash crisis for many firms across different sectors. Firms operating in sectors such as tourism, hospitality, entertainment, and air transportation were particularly hard hit with their sales that are almost non-existent (ONS 2020). Leisure, entertainment, pubs, restaurants, and gyms are forced to close their operations overnight (Wiggins & Hancock, 2020). Travel limitations (allowed only for key workers) force airlines to ground entire fleets and train operators to reduce their activity to the bare minimum running trains almost empty (FT Reporters, 2020). In a similar vein, the cash position of consumer goods and retail firms is affected because of the reduced demand from households that are reshaping their spending habits (Wisniewski et al., 2021) and cutting all non-essential spending because of the fear that the economic crisis can adversely affect their jobs and future income (Fairlie & Fossen, 2021). Moreover, supply chain disruptions are so pervasive that even those firms that enjoyed a solid or increasing demand in their products (e.g. biotechnology firms) are adversely affected because they were not able to satisfy the demand. As a consequence, a larger number of firms are not able to generate the cash they needed to cover the operations.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
[
"Economics"
] |
251,648 |
Mass spectrometry (MS)-based serum proteomics has emerged as a powerful technology in biological research targeted at the RA biomarker discovery . Several proteins and peptides have been identified that are unique to serum proteome of RA patients . A recent study compared the serum proteome profiles of seronegative patients with healthy controls . However, to our knowledge, no study has compared the serum proteome profiles of all the RA serotypes based on ACPAs and RF. Furthermore, the proteomic profiles of Pakistani RA patients have not been investigated in any previous study. This study aims to screen the RA serotypes, based on ACPAs and RF, and compare them with healthy controls in the Pakistani population for the identification of biomarkers that are differentially expressed (DE) between RA patients and healthy controls.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Proteomics"
] |
71,033 |
A 57-year-old man with no significant medical history presented to an outside hospital with symptoms of malaise, a 30-pound weight loss, arthralgias, and night sweats of 2-month duration. He was diagnosed with subacute bacterial endocarditis on the basis of Streptococcus mutans bacteremia and echocardiographic evidence of vegetations on the tricuspid and mitral valves. After 12 days, he was transferred to our hospital for further evaluation and management. Upon presentation, he had evidence of multiple organ system involvement, including acute kidney injury, septic emboli to the lungs, central nervous system embolic lesions, and a petechial rash over the lower extremities. He was treated with intravenous ceftriaxone 2 g daily with rapid resolution of the bacteremia. His baseline kidney function from a prior year was normal with a serum creatinine of 1.0 mg/dL. On presentation, he reported cola-colored urine, and was found to have acute kidney injury with a serum creatinine of 3.0 mg/dL. The urinalysis revealed 2+ protein and large blood, and the urine sediment dysmorphic red blood cells and red blood cellular casts. Levels of complement factors C3 and C4 were low at 24 mg/dL (normal range, 75 – 175 mg/dL) and 5 mg/dL (normal range, 14 – 40 mg/dL), respectively. The ANA screen was positive with a titer of 1 : 160, but the antimyeloperoxidase, antiproteinase 3, anti-GBM, and anti-DS DNA antibody titers were nonreactive. The rheumatoid factor was present but the cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody was negative. The serum protein electrophoresis detected no monoclonal proteins.
| 4 | 1clinical
| 3Clinical case
|
[
"Other"
] |
234,724 |
This study had several limitations. First, this study has not clarified the underlying mechanism of the immunophenotyping clusters of ccRCC. Our future studies will include ccRCC specimens receiving ICTs to explore differences in the immune environment and intratumoral heterogeneity of TME between clusters. Second, although the classifier was constructed and validated using multiple public and real-world datasets, because of the limitation of retrospective analysis, further multicenter studies and prospective trials are warranted for clinical application for patients with ccRCC.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Oncology"
] |
261,387 |
Fear potentiated startle responses (see Fig. 4) confirmed that conditioning on day 1 was successful in all groups (stimulus: F1,55 = 12.22, P = 0.001, η2p = 0.18; trial: F1,55 = 21.71, P < 0.001, η2p = 0.28; stimulus × trial: F1,55 = 5.78, P = 0.02, η2p = 0.10; group: F2,55 = 0.47, P = 0.63; stimulus × group: F2,55 = 1.78; P = 0.18, trial × group: F2,55 = 1.13, P = 0.33; stimulus × trial × group: F2,55 = 0.25, P = 0.78). Specifically, startle responses did not differ between CS+ and CS− on the first trial of conditioning (t57 = 0.33, P = 0.74), but were significantly larger for the CS+ than the CS− on the last trial of conditioning (t57 = 3.89, P < 0.001, d = 0.71). The exact electrode location (wrist vs. ankle) did not affect the success of conditioning (electrode location: F1,55 = 3.21, P = 0.08; stimulus: F1,55 = 15.06, P < 0.001, η2p = 0.21; electrode location × stimulus: F1,55 = 2.30, P = 0.14).Figure 4Startle responses during CS+ , CS− and noise alone (NA) trials across conditioning on day 1, fear memory reactivation on day 2, and retention (in extinction) and reinstatement test on day 3 in (a) the no-PE control group, (b) the value-PE group, and (c) the identity-PE group. Error bars depict standard errors of the mean.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Neuroscience",
"Psychology"
] |
383,893 |
The dual n-back task (1-back and 2-back conditions) was performed in the scanner on the first day of the experiment (Naive), after 2 weeks of training (Early), after 4 weeks of training (Middle), and after 6 weeks of training (Late). We measured participant performance as a \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$d^{\prime}$$\end{document}d′, a measure based on signal detection theory that takes into account both response sensitivity and response bias16 (see Methods). Better cognitive performance is characterized by higher values of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$d^{\prime}$$\end{document}d′. We expected that participants from the experimental group would exhibit a substantial increase of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$d^{\prime}$$\end{document}d′ during training, particularly for the 2-back condition in comparison with the 1-back condition, the latter being easy to master even without extensive training.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Cognitive Psychology",
"Neuroscience"
] |
35,137 |
EEG signals were recorded with the Mobita (Twente Medical Systems International B.V., Oldenzaal, the Netherlands) biosignal amplifier, which transmits signals with 24 bit resolution via Wi-Fi wireless technology. The electrodes consist of small cotton pieces, connected to silver chloride pellets. The cotton is soaked in tap water prior to the measurement. The ground electrode is connected to a tap water soaked, conductive wrist band. The amplifier internally creates an average reference out of all used electrodes. Therefore, a real reference electrode is not required. This system ensures high usability . EEG was recorded from six scalp electrodes (Fz, Cz, Pz, PO7, PO8, Oz) placed according to the extended international 10–20 system, with a sampling rate of 250 Hz.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Neurophysiology"
] |
104,811 |
C18-SM has been observed to bind to a specific amino acid sequence (signature) in the transmembrane domain of p24, a subunit of the COPI complex of COPI vesicles, the anterograde Golgi-ER-carriers, which are recruited in the Ld-domain43. Remarkably, this C18-SM signature sequence is also present in the Psen2-subunit of γ-secretase, and in Aβ-protein44.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Cell Biology",
"Molecular Biology"
] |
320,403 |
All consecutive patients with early-stage cervical cancer (stages T1a–T2b) who were treated by primary surgery with curative intent in a single tertiary gynaecologic oncology centre from January 2007 to December 2016 were enrolled in the study. The main inclusion criteria consisted of: (a) histologically proven cervical cancer; (b) common tumour types: squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma or adenosquamous carcinoma; (c) stage T1a–T2b; (d) LNs not enlarged or suspicious on pre-operative imaging; (e) primary surgical treatment with curative intent. Patients in whom radical hysterectomy or fertility-sparing procedure was abandoned intraoperatively and in whom pre-operative imaging or pathological assessment was not performed according to standardised protocols were excluded (Fig. 1).Fig. 1Study flow chart.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Gynecologic oncology"
] |
83,931 |
Images were sent to the workstation for analysis of coronary arteries by three experienced observers. The presence of atherosclerotic plaque was examined in vessels with a luminal diameter larger than 2 mm, divided into 15 segments.7 Extension of stenosis was estimated by calculating the area of the narrowest part of the lumen in relation to the area of the lumen immediately distal to the same segment. Plaques detected by the CCTA were classified into nonobstructive and obstructive lesions, with a reduction ≥ 50% of the lumen in the latter.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Cardiology"
] |
141,274 |
If two agents have agreed to interact, they play a PD with the payoff structure as depicted in Fig. 4. As discussed, we formalize the interaction as a PD because it is an ubiquitous incentive structure and decision problem for the agents in any informal exchange system (see Sect. 2 above).Fig. 4The baseline payoff structure for the underlying prisoners’ dilemma. For the effect of different numerical specifications see Sect. 5.4 and the supplementary appendix
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
[
"Game theory"
] |
123,080 |
CD133 protein expression in U251 cells over time. a Expression of CD133 in U251 cells cultured in 2D under normoxic (left column) and hypoxic (right column) conditions. In the top row (0) the cells were stained immediately after harvesting with EDTA. In the middle row the cells were stained 15 mins after harvesting. In the bottom row the cells were stained 2 hrs after harvesting. The percentages of cells expressing CD133 overtime are indicated. b CD133 expression in U251 cells over time and mean florescence scores. The analyses were performed using Weasel software
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Cell biology",
"Oncology"
] |
128,797 |
No occupation or work is free from health hazards. People are always under a certain amount of health risk wherever they are working. Health care professionals are exposed to a wide range of occupational health and safety hazards. An estimated 20 million work-related injuries and 390, 000 new work-related illnesses occur each year in the United States and China 66.3% of HCPs per year exposed to BBFS; however, the number of occupational diseases and injuries reported each year is much more [3–5].
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
[
"Occupational Health"
] |
183,213 |
Feedstock was amended with distilled water and nitrogen prior to incubation. Urea (Fisher Scientific Company LLC, Hampton, NH) was added to distilled water to achieve target carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratios in the hull mixtures. Urea was used as a model nitrogen source in these studies rather than an organic waste source of nitrogen, because urea could be obtained consistently and distributed uniformly throughout the hulls. Adjusting C/N of hulls using urea was found to significantly impact larvae growth in prior studies . From each mix, three random samples were collected to measure pH and moisture content prior to larvae inoculation. Table 1 lists the C/N ratios, moisture content, initial pH of hulls, inoculation density of larvae, average number of larvae per bioreactor, average initial larvae size, aeration rate and incubation temperature for each experiment. Larvae were cultivated in 1500 mL bioreactors as described in detail elsewhere [14, 15]. Humidified air was provided to the bioreactors by bubbling house air through distilled water and metered to each bioreactor with polycarbonate rotameters (5–50 mL min−1, Dwyer Instruments, Michigan City, IN). Clear poly tubing was secured to the inlet and joined with a 6.4 mm diameter black porous soaker drip line to ensure uniform aeration through the bed of feedstock.Table 1Parameters for experimentsVariablesExperiment 1: kinetic modelExperiment 2: C/N feedingCarbon to nitrogen ratio2626, 33, 40, 47Moisture content (g kg−1 wet basis)690680Initial pH of hull mixture4.724.79Inoculation density [g larvae kg−1 hulls (dry weight)]1.31.9aAverage number of larvae in inoculum (# larvae per bioreactor)143100Average larvae weight in inoculum (mg dry weight/larvae)1.83.8Aeration rate (mL min−1 g−1 dry weight)0.200.21Incubation temperature (°C)2828aInoculation density based on the total dry weight of hulls added throughout the experiment
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Entomology"
] |
98,149 |
Our experience in this case indicated that R0 resection may offer a good prognosis and outcomes for patients with colorectal cancer and pseudo-Meigs’ syndrome caused by ovarian metastases. Among such cases reported thus far, 8 of the 12 reported patients—including ours—underwent R0 resection, and some showed long-term survival [4–10]. In contrast, long-term survival was not observed in any of the patients that did not undergo R0 resection [4–10]. In our case, bilateral oophorectomy, omentectomy, and sigmoidectomy with regional lymph node dissection were performed. Subsequently, hepatic resection was performed for metachronous liver metastases, and at 78 months after the first operation, the patient remains alive with no evidence of a disease. In general, R0 resection can be the first choice in the treatment of colorectal cancer with ovarian metastasis . Therefore, we suggest that R0 resection should be performed for colorectal cancer with pseudo-Meigs’ syndrome caused by ovarian metastasis.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Oncology"
] |
395,178 |
Four studies reported on the diagnostic accuracy of foot length to identify infants <2000 g in Asia (online supplemental web appendix 10C).15 29 30 40 Two studies reported AUCs (0.88 and 0.93, respectively) (online supplemental web appendix 9).15 29 In the meta-analysis, a foot length cut-off of <7.3 cm classified <2000 g infants (table 4) with sensitivity of 82.1% (95% CI 63.7% to 92.2%) and specificity of 82.1% (95% CI 59.2% to 90.8%) (n=3 studies).15 29 40
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Pediatrics",
"Neonatology"
] |
72,050 |
In addition to mechanistic insight into Hsp70 binding, our results for the first time reveal the existence of intramolecular determinants that negatively regulate Hsf1 DNA binding. While removal of the N-terminal region of Hsf1 leads to increased activity, at least in certain genomic contexts (Sorger, 1990) – suggesting that this region is repressive – the N-terminus also has a transactivation function and is important for efficient recruitment of Mediator during heat shock (Kim and Gross, 2013). Here we show that removal of the full N-terminal region results in increased association with select target gene promoters under non-heat shock conditions (Figure 3A), indicating a context-dependent role for this yeast-specific region in regulating DNA binding and suggesting a mechanistic basis for the increased transcriptional activity of Hsf1∆N relative to wild type Hsf1. In particular, the N1/N2 segments suppress DNA binding at the synthetic 4xHSE promoter, as Hsf1∆N/∆N2 displayed increased association (Figure 3A). If N1 were a bona fide second Hsp70 binding site (S. Peffer and K. Morano, personal communication), then this observation suggests that Hsp70 regulates both Hsf1 DNA binding and transactivation. Alternatively, if the N1/N2 segments impede DNA binding independent of Hsp70, then an additional heat shock-dependent mechanism would be required to relieve this block. Perhaps, by analogy to the intrinsic ability of human HSF1 to trimerize and bind DNA at elevated temperature (Hentze et al., 2016), the N1/N2 segments could contribute to direct thermosensing by mediating a temperature-dependent conformational change that increases DNA binding ability. Under either scenario, it is possible that the effect is indirect, and that deletion of N1/N2 results in the unmasking of the C-terminal activation domain.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Molecular Biology"
] |
232,216 |
Other examples of self-directed online programs are (1) the web-assisted self-help (WASH) for parents of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) , an intervention available in Germany to support parents of school-aged children with ADHD or other externalizing behavior problems; and (2) the online program for divorcing families, Family Doesn’t End with a Breakup, available in the Czech Republic .
| 2 | 2other
| 1Other
|
[
"Psychology"
] |
297,169 |
Data represented by the mean ± SEM value, entropy of ADC (3 × 3, 6 × 6, and 9 × 9 px), T2 (3 × 3, 6 × 6, and 9 × 9 px), and T1 (3 × 3, 6 × 6, and 9 × 9 px) were ADC (4.09 ± 0.09, 4.08 ± 0.09, 4.02 ± 0.10), T2 (6.25 ± 0.11, 5.92 ± 0.12, 5.72 ± 0.13), and T1 (5.61 ± 0.30, 4.98 ± 0.31, 4.58 ± 0.27) for non-tumor regions, and were ADC (4.07 ± 0.15, 4.15 ± 0.11, 4.12 ± 0.11), T2 (6.10 ± 0.22, 5.86 ± 0.12, 5.59 ± 0.16), and T1 (5.48 ± 0.31, 4.85 ± 0.27, 4.60 ± 0.24) for malignant tumors. The entropy medians were not significantly different between tumors and non-tumor regions (p = 0.56–0.89) (Table 5).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Radiology",
"Imaging"
] |
193,140 |
Recent decades have seen a dynamic development of the clothing industry, which targets its products to specific consumer groups, including psychoactive drug users. It should be noted here that research on the worn clothing as a stimulus to undertake specific behaviors and clothing as self-expression and identification with a given social group confirm the occurrence of dependencies and links between these variables .
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
[
"Sociology",
"Psychology"
] |
92,971 |
Early executive functioning is a key child cognitive outcome and an important precursor for future development of children’s cognitive skills and behavioral outcomes. Executive functioning is an umbrella term for higher-order neurocognitive processes that organize and direct cognition, emotion, and behavior (e.g., Garon et al. 2008; Isquith et al. 2005). These can be assessed as early as in infancy, and research shows that early individual differences in executive functioning are relatively stable over time (Carlson et al. 2004). When basic executive functions are sub optimally developed in toddlerhood and the preschool years, this negatively affects the development of more complex executive functioning, because the emergence of these higher-order skills is dependent on the achievement of simpler abilities. In this context, previous studies have shown that preschool executive functioning skills, such as inhibitory control and working memory, are predictive of school achievement (e.g., mathematical and reading abilities) in the 1st years of primary school as well as later in childhood (Blair and Razza 2007; Clark et al. 2010). Poor preschool executive functioning has also been linked to childhood internalizing and externalizing problem behavior (e.g., Roman et al. 2016; Sulik et al. 2015). Early executive functioning has a substantial impact on several important indicators of child psychosocial well-being and neurodevelopmental functioning, making it crucial to examine child executive functioning and its determinants early in life.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
[
"Developmental Psychology",
"Neuroscience"
] |
274,972 |
For GMP compliance, fill and finish of the final product should be performed in a closed system. This might present as a logistical challenge for small biotech companies and academic labs operating at research scale (Rohde et al., 2019). Overall, the currently available methods and technologies for purification, quantification and characterization of EVs are inconsistent and GMP standards need to be developed that are reproducible, practical and scalable for clinical GMP-grade EV application. However, with better know-how and strategic decisions early on in development, GMP-grade EV preparations can be successfully produced for clinical administration (Mendt et al., 2018).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Biotechnology"
] |
168,118 |
The meteorology data revealed that the experimental site experienced 50 days of temperatures < 0°C from November 2016 to March 2017 (Figure 1A, 1st-year field trial), 35 days of temperatures < 0°C from November 2017 to March 2018 (Figure 1B, 2nd-year field trial), and 33 days of temperatures < 0°C from November 2018 to March 2019 (Figure 1C, 3rd-year field trial). The contrast in the bolter count and survival rates among the sugar beet genotypes are shown in Table 1. It was observed that individuals of the L14, L8, and L3 lines presented a lower percentage of bolters along with higher survival rates post-winter. Although the lines L5 and L13 showed a lower bolter percentage, they had a very low survival rate post-winter of <10% of the initial plants. The remaining lines L12, L6, L1, L4, L7, L11, L9, and L2 combined phenotypes of high bolting percentage along with lower survival rates post-winter. Subsequently, the field trial resulted in the identification of a line, L14, combining characteristics of least bolting tendency and highest survival rate after autumnal sowing. Additionally, we genotyped the material with the SNP marker, SNP183, linked to bolting tolerance generated in an earlier effort by our lab (Broccanello et al., 2015). The genotyping results from SNP183 are presented in Supplementary Table 1 and are suggestive of L14 having 95% frequency of the low bolting allele. L14 was, thus, considered as an ideal plant material for further sequencing and understanding the basis of bolting tolerance post vernalization.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Plant Genetics"
] |
119,362 |
PD-L1 is expressed by both DLBCL tumor B cells and by non-malignant cells from their immune microenvironment, such as macrophages [10, 54]. In DLBCL, PD-L1 expression has been reported in around 20-30% of DLBCL cases but this figure varies greatly depending on the cut-off applied (which ranges from 5 to 30%) and the cell compartment analyzed (tumor/non-tumor cells) [10, 12, 13, 54] (Figures 2A and 2B) (Table 1). All of the studies that have investigated PD-L1 levels in DLBCL have reported higher expression rates in the non-GCB DLBCL subtypes [10, 12, 13, 54]. In contrast, the expression of PD-L2 has been less well documented, as most NHL cell lines do not express it . One report found low PD-L2 expression in DLBCL cells without a significant difference between subtypes . Recently, a retrospective study conducted a double staining of PD-L1 and PAX5 in DLBCL samples in order to precisely quantify the rate of PD-L1+ cells in both the tumor and non-tumor compartments . They found that 10.5% of DLBCL samples expressed PD-L1 in tumor cells (n=132/1253 DLBCL samples; using a cut-off of 30%), while it was expressed in 15.3% of ME cells, which were essentially composed of macrophages (n=172/1121 DLBCL samples; using a cut-off of 20%). This study also confirmed the predominant expression of PD-L1 in non-GCB subtypes of DLBCL NOS.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Immunology",
"Oncology"
] |
311,860 |
Among the 100 fecal samples collected at Lake Komuke, two influenza A viruses were isolated, one of which was H14N2, the other was subtyped as H5N8 by the HI and NI tests and designated as A/northern pintail/Hokkaido/M13/2020 (H5N8) (NP/Hok/20). The sequence analyses revealed that the HA of NP/Hok/20 had multiple basic amino residues at the proteolytic cleavage site, REKRRKR/G, which is defined as a molecular marker of HPAIV . In the COI gene database, the sequence of mitochondrial DNA extracted from the fecal sample showed 100% homology to the COI gene of Anas acuta (northern pintail). The embryonated chicken eggs and two chickens intranasally inoculated with NP/Hok/20 died within 48 to 72 h post-inoculation, respectively (data not shown), suggesting that NP/Hok/20 is an HPAIV.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Virology"
] |
224,621 |
During the summer and fall of 2018, the state of Florida experienced multiple harmful algal blooms including cyanobacteria and K. brevis. As a part of a statewide human exposure assessment, urine, nasal swabs and blood were collected from residents of bloom-affected regions including the city of Fort Myers. The cross-sectional study included a comprehensive questionnaire, which gathered information on symptomology and medical history as well as potential route, duration and location of exposure at the time of sample collection. A total of 69 individuals were screened in the Fort Myers area during October of 2018. Of those individuals, 31 were selected that had potential exposure to PbTx based on the survey responses and provided blood samples with sufficient volume and quality for analysis using the method described in this paper.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Environmental Toxicology"
] |
231,242 |
Tyagi et al. conducted a study to assess the therapeutic efficacy of a combination of non-toxic, low dose of 5-aza 2′ dC with EGCG on growth inhibition of breast cancer cells, taking into account the limited results in the treatment of breast cancer using DNA demethylating agent 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-aza 2′dC) and its toxicity towards normal cells. Research found that co-treatment with 5-aza 2′ dC and EGCG inhibited the proliferation of breast cancer cells much more than individual therapies, with no detectable toxicity in MCF-10A cells . In combination-treated cells, changes in DNA methylation and alterations in histones were also more pronounced. The results of this work revealed that epigenetic mechanisms are involving in the potentiation of growth inhibition of breast cancer cells by a combination therapy of 5-aza 2′ dC and EGCG, at least in part .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Oncology",
"Epigenetics"
] |
3,673 |
Several lung function values differed significantly between the SS group and the AA and AS groups, whereas there were no significant differences between the AA and AS groups (Figure 2; see also Tables S5 and S6). This finding suggests that effects of CS exposure during adolescence on lung function were limited to mice that also had prenatal CS exposure, consistent with a synergistic effect. Compliance and static compliance values were lowest in the SS group, and elastance and static elastance values were highest in the SS group.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Pulmonology",
"Respiratory Physiology"
] |
14,674 |
The majority of residents in care homes are long stay. Care homes also provide some rehabilitation services. Steventon and Roberts (2012) found that 39% of LA funded admissions to care homes in three English LAs in 2005/2006 were short stay but that the median length of stay was 18 months.
| 2 | 2other
| 1Other
|
[
"Healthcare Policy"
] |
224,104 |
Due to their unique propagation properties spin-orbit beams have found numerous applications in high-resolution imaging, communication protocols, and optical metrology27–29 and a wealth of characterization techniques based on Stokes polarimetry have been developed30–32. Ref.33 extended the applications to visual science which sees a growing interest in integrating human detectors with recent technological advances34–38. It was shown that humans are able to perceive and discriminate spin-orbit states through entoptic images that arise from the interaction between the 2D polarization topologies of these beams and the radially symmetric dichroic elements in the macula of the human eye33. As shown in Fig. 1a, when looking in the vicinity of the center of a spin-orbit beam composed of a superposition of right and left circular polarization coupled to two different OAM values (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\ell _1$$\end{document}ℓ1 and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\ell _2$$\end{document}ℓ2), the observer may perceive an entoptic profile composed of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$N=|(\ell _1-\ell _2)-2|$$\end{document}N=|(ℓ1-ℓ2)-2| azimuthal fringes. Note that this is a measurement of the OAM difference between the two polarization states, rather than the absolute value of each OAM component. Ref.33 employed refractive elements to generate OAM = 7 and couple it to different polarization states to induce \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$N=5$$\end{document}N=5 and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$N=9$$\end{document}N=9 azimuthal fringes. Here we consider spin-orbit states prepared through devices that manipulate geometric phases. This enables a robust study of discriminating between beams with different OAM values.Figure 1(a) Pictorial representation of the spatially dependant entoptic profiles that a human observer would perceive when directly viewing different regions of a spin-orbit beam described by Eq. (1) where \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\ell _1=0$$\end{document}ℓ1=0 and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\ell _2=4$$\end{document}ℓ2=4. If the observer looks at the polarization gradient in the center they will perceive \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$|(\ell _1-\ell _2)-2|=6$$\end{document}|(ℓ1-ℓ2)-2|=6 azimuthal fringes. If the observer looks at a region away from the center where the polarization is roughly uniform in the field of vision, they will observe specifically oriented Haidinger’s brushes. (b) In this study the strong polarization gradients in the central region of the beam were reduced by preparing spin-orbit states with radially dependent terms, as described by Eq. (2). The distance at which there is an equal amount of the two circular polarization states is denoted by b, and in our particular setup b was approximately 1.5 cm. The beam state was not varied with time, and the participants were asked to move their gaze around the perimeter of the beam while observing and discriminating the elicited Haidinger’s brush profile, labelled either the “awkward” or “natural” profile depending on whether the entoptic brush appeared to rotate along or against the observer’s eye movement. In order to minimize visual adaptation to optical polarization the suggested speed for the self-generated circular eye motion was 1 Hz. (c) To visually depict the role of the geometric phases in the preparation of the shown profiles, we can map the evolution of polarization from r = 0 to r = 2b (from \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\left| R\right\rangle$$\end{document}R to \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\left| L\right\rangle$$\end{document}L) onto the Poincaré sphere39,40. The geometric phase is given by \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\gamma =-\Omega /2$$\end{document}γ=-Ω/2, where \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\Omega$$\end{document}Ω is the solid angle enclosed by two trajectories. Considering that in the preparation of the shown polarization profiles the azimuthal coordinate \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\phi$$\end{document}ϕ determines the angle between the corresponding trajectories on the Poincaré sphere, it follows that the geometric phase gives rise to an OAM term \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$e^{\pm i\phi }$$\end{document}e±iϕ coupled to the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\left| L\right\rangle$$\end{document}L component of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\left| \Psi _\pm \right\rangle$$\end{document}Ψ±.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Optics"
] |
77,924 |
To find out whether orellanine is as selective in vivo as in vitro, and potentially useful in a future clinical setting, we determined its efficiency in a newly developed human metastasis-derived ccRCC (SKRC-17) xenograft rat model. Since no animal model was available, a rat model of ccRCC was developed in B-cell depleted, athymic nude rats. In these rats, orellanine treatment significantly reduced tumor size (Figures 6 and 7) as compared to control. No overt effects on brain, lung, heart, liver, intestine, or skeletal muscle were seen when assessed by an independent pathologist. The kidneys, on the other hand and as expected, exhibited extensive tubular epithelial damage leading to complete renal failure within a few days. It is clear that the effect and selectivity of orellanine seen in vitro extends to the in vivo setting, i.e. the tumor burden is significantly reduced without affecting other tissues apart from the kidneys. It should be noted that we have not followed these animals over an extensive period of time since uremia, immunodeficiency, irradiation, tumors, orellanine-treatment and chronic peritoneal dialysis make them extremely susceptible to infections. Furthermore, rodents are particularly sensitive to uremia per se. In fact, this is the first report of anuric rats surviving on chronic dialysis with sufficient efficacy to maintain body homeostasis [21, 22]. When considering the translation to human disease and discussing orellanine as a treatment for human metastastatic clear cell carcinoma, one side effect is obvious – complete loss of renal function. Thus, any future patients on orellanine therapy would become dependent on renal replacement therapy, at least until they can receive a renal transplant. Therefore, patients already dependent on dialysis and diagnosed with metastatic ccRCC would be an ideal target population to test the clinical safety and efficacy of orellanine.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Oncology"
] |
394,725 |
During literature research, attention has been paid to plants from the Apiaceae family: Meum athamanticum L., Centella Asiatica L., and Aegopodium podagraria L. For many years, these plants have been used in traditional medicine. Aegopodium podagraria L. is mainly used to treat urinary and kidney diseases. The main active ingredients of Aegopodium podagraria L. are proteins, carotenoids, carbohydrates, microelements (iron, copper, manganese, magnesium, potassium), polyacetylenes (falcarinol and falcarindiol), phenolic compounds (coumarins), flavonoids, caffeic and chlorogenic acid, and its derivatives and vitamins (C, E) [16–21]. Centella asiatica L. is a plant that has been used in Ayurvedic medicine for many years, mainly because of its regenerative, antibacterial, and memory-supporting properties, as well as in the treatment of respiratory and circulatory diseases. The data also indicate its anticancer effects. The main active ingredients are terpene saponins (asiaticoside, madecassoside, centelloside) and their derivatives. Other components of Centella asiatica L. include polyacetylene compounds, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, and carbohydrates. In addition, the plant is rich in vitamins E, A, K, and C [22–29]. Meum athamanticum L. is mainly used in the treatment of gastrointestinal and urinary tract diseases and liver regeneration. In addition, it has been shown to have antiviral activity (including HIV). Active ingredients include mainly saponins, terpenes, carbohydrates, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids [30, 31].
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Pharmacology",
"Phytotherapy"
] |
231,540 |
Finally, throughout this study we have emphasized the importance of sampling so that measures of molecular evolution are obtained by comparing recent samples with a true ancestor. The uneven distribution of lineages within the population and the possibility that they differ in key evolutionary measures (r/m and dN/dS), means that our molecular clock estimate may not be applicable to all Campylobacter lineages [21, 70–72]. Perhaps this is best illustrated by considering two host-specialist C. jejuni lineages, one associated with chickens and the other with cattle [8, 26]. There are 19 billion chickens on earth compared to 1.3 billion cattle and C. jejuni colonizes up to 80% of chickens with much lower rates in cattle. As the efficiency by which natural selection acts on sequence variation is related to effective population size , the rate of fixation and removal of NCs will be much faster in C. jejuni in chickens. Furthermore, chickens have a higher body temperature than cattle therefore the C. jejuni will grow faster, have a shorter generation time, and accumulate NCs at a higher rate . From this simple example, which ignores many important factors (eg. subniche structure, host transition bottle necking, resident microbiome) it is clear molecular evolution can be influenced by population-scale forces down to the physiology of the individual cell. The approach employed in this study goes some way towards mitigating effects that confound generalized molecular clock estimates. Focussing on well-defined closely related isolate pairs inevitably reduces the number of comparisons from which the mean molecular clock rate is estimated. However, consideration of the distribution of effective lineages within the population is essential for identifying robust molecular clock estimates in environmental bacteria with complex multi-host ecology and massive effective population sizes.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Microbiology"
] |
234,505 |
The study results, conclusions, and further recommendations were drawn from the 2018 CDHS which is an already existing dataset collected through the DHS Program in Cameroon. Therefore, this study required no ethical clearance. However, permission to download the dataset was requested from Measure DHS and the dataset was downloaded after the request was granted. The dataset is publicly accessible for download at https://dhsprogram.com/data/dataset/Cameroon_Standard-DHS_2018.cfm?flag=0. However, details on ethical considerations are provided by the 2018 CDHS report .
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Epidemiology"
] |
32,267 |
The platform is capable of achieving gigaseal-tight contact between the patch pipette and cellular membrane, leading to WCR in either visually targeted or blind mode (in the latter case relying only on the pipette impedance signal; Figure S4). The quality and stability of the recordings obtained (quantified by input resistance, resting membrane potential, spike amplitude, and holding duration) are comparable to reports from both human operators (Margrie et al., 2002, DeWeese, 2007) and other robotic systems (Kodandaramaiah et al., 2012) across a range of recording depths (Figures 4A–4D and S4D). System performance is summarized in Table 1. A number of further performance characteristics can be appreciated. First, success rates in either robotic or manual two-photon targeted mode are lower than for robotic but blind recording. This simply relates to the fact that for “blind” recording, any cell is a potential target. Second, in addition to recording quality, the system achieves yields and operational speeds comparable to or exceeding human operators or other automated platforms for both whole-cell and cell-attached recording (the success rate for cell-attached recording is equivalent to the seal success rate in Table 1).Figure 4Visually Guided Robotic Patching Achieves Similar Results to Manual Targeted PatchingComparison of robotic and manual two-photon targeted recordings obtained from neocortical interneurons in the V1 cortex (triangles for robotic, n = 15; x for manual, n = 14) and from Purkinje cells in the cerebellum (circles for robotic; n = 5). Comparisons are shown as a plot of input resistances obtained versus cell depth (A; left) and mean access resistance ± SEM for each condition (A; right), resting potential versus cell depth (B; left) and mean resting potential ± SEM for each condition (B; right), spike height versus cell depth (C; left) and mean spike height ± SEM for each condition (C; right), and holding time versus cell depth (D; left) and mean holding time ± SEM for each condition (D; right).Table 1System Performance for Robotic Two-Photon Guided Patch-Clamp ElectrophysiologyRoboticnManualnBlindnSeal success rate (%)46.69056.47874.235WCR success rate (%)22.29018.07851.435Seals per animal2.3 ± 0.3184.9 ± 1.095.2 ± 0.35WCR per animal1.1 ± 0.2181.6 ± 0.393.6 ± 0.45Time to achieve seal (min)6.0 ± 0.6209.8 ± 1.4143.3 ± 0.426Time to achieve WCR (min)6.1 ± 0.6”10.0 ± 1.4”3.6 ± 0.418WCR holding duration (min)16.6 ± 3.3”10.1 ± 3.6”––Input resistance (MΩ)139.2 ± 11.6”183.7 ± 21.0”64.1 ± 4.218Series resistance (MΩ)16.0 ± 0.5”16.3 ± 0.3”14.9 ± 0.5”Resting potential (mV)−54.1 ± 1.8”−54.8 ± 2.0”−57.8 ± 4.8”Spike amplitude (mV)42.7 ± 10.7”40.2 ± 2.3”50.1 ± 5.4”System performance for robotic two-photon guided WCR. Summary performance statistics for 90 patching attempts from 18 animals (1 craniotomy per animal) in robotically automated guidance mode, and 78 attempts from 9 animals (1 craniotomy per animal) in manual guidance mode. Animal age ranges were approximately matched (92 ± 39 versus 109 ± 25 days postnatal, mean ± SD). For comparison, the performance of our system in robotic but “blind” (non-visually targeted) is shown at right. Results are provided as mean ± SEM. n indicates the number of samples for the row statistic—number of patching attempts, number of animals, or number of successful recordings. Success rates in all cases exclude losses due to blockage of a pipette after insertion but before initiating cell approaching. Holding duration statistics for blind robotic recordings are not available; in these experiments, throughput was prioritized.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Electrophysiology"
] |
9,532 |
Self-assembled Phospholipidic Nano Mixed Miceller System (SPNMS), in this regard, hold tremendous market potential due to ease in their manufacturing, higher cost-effectiveness, improved efficacy, and higher scalability . This is the first report of its own kind that offers an insight to the use of SPNMS for improving the in vitro breast cancer cytotoxicity and augmenting the biopharmaceutical attributes of Mgf.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Nanotechnology",
"Oncology"
] |
56,632 |
Moreover, it is possible to generalise these different forms of NGO involvement into at least four major inter-related categories as “equal”, “formal contractual”, and “decentralised” and “advocacy” partnerships, by their nature and functioning. Thus, the CRS-GHS collaboration can be characterised as an equal partnership, regarding how it revolved mostly around shared objectives, equitable responsibilities and decision-making processes. The GAC-WAAF partnership can be described as formal contracting one by its results-based character, in which the former explicitly specified a series of objectives and indicators by which to measure the latter’s performance; and efficiency focus, using formalised administrative structures and procedures such as the collection of data to demonstrate programme effectiveness as a condition for reward and continued engagement. Moreover, the GHS-Sightsavers partnership may be considered as a decentralised one, in relation to how the GHS hosts the partnership’s secretariat, acting as the lead partner and holding ownership and responsibility for the management of the partnership. Finally, the ARHR-GHS and BasicNeeds-GHS partnerships can be branded as advocacy ones, as the NGO partners championed ideas, strategies and methods to increase the availability and accessibility of state-provided women’s reproductive and mental health services for the poor and deprived in society.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
[
"Public Health Policy"
] |
373,914 |
Plant material was supplied by the Suban company (Samobor, Croatia). The identity was confirmed by the authors using the EU pharmacopoeial monograph for E. purpurea . A voucher specimen was deposited in the Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Croatia (FG-2018-EPS).
| 1 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
[
"Pharmacognosy"
] |
285,040 |
Currently, the role of antibodies found in breast milk from COVID-19 infected mothers on infants has not been specifically studied. In most studies analysing breast milk, reference is made to the fact that future researchers should incorporate not only the presence of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies in human milk, but also the maturation, affinity, and functionality of these antibodies . IgA antibodies were detected in a study that tested the milk of 2 infected mothers. While this study was not designed to evaluate the level of protection that IgA conferred from mother to infant during prolonged lactation periods, patterns of protection found in other respiratory viruses suggest this confers effective passive immunity, but protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection specifically has yet to be established .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Immunology",
"Virology"
] |
130,983 |
The B. bovis lysate was prepared by following the method described by Yokoyama et al. (2002) with minor modifications. Briefly, B. bovis infected RBCs obtained from in vitro cultures were treated with 0.83% NH4Cl solution for 10 min at 37 °C and then washed thrice with cold PBS. The pellets containing the parasites were suspended in one ml of a lysis buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.6), 0.1% Triton X-100, 150 mM NaCl, 20% glycerol, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), 1 mM dithiothreitol (DTT), 10 μg/ml pepstatin A and 10 μg/ml leupeptin), incubated on ice for 20 min, and then centrifuged at 18,000×g for 30 min at 4 °C. The supernatant of the clarified lysate was dialyzed overnight using a dialysis buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.6), 150 mM NaCl, 20% glycerol, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM PMSF and 1 mM DTT). The dialysate was then centrifuged at 18,000×g for 30 min at 4 °C. Subsequently, the supernatant was analyzed to identify native BbAMA-1 by Western blot analysis. The lysate was separated by 12% sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) gel. The proteins obtained from SDS-PAGE gel were electrically transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane (Merck Millipore™, Merck KGaA©, Darmstadt, DEU). The blotting time was 60 min at a constant voltage of 20 V. The membrane was then incubated with a blocking buffer (5% skim milk in PBS) for 1 h at room temperature with gentle shaking. After being washed thrice with washing buffer (PBS containing 0.05% Tween-20), the membrane was incubated with rabbit polyclonal anti-sBbAMA-1 serum (1:50 dilution) at 4 °C overnight. The membrane was probed with HRP-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody (1:4,000 dilution; KPL, Gaithersburg, MD, USA). The membrane was incubated with gentle shaking at room temperature for 1 h and then washed three times with washing buffer. Finally, the reactions were visualized using a solution containing 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB; Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; Merck, Germany).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Parasitology"
] |
184,849 |
Partial least squares (PLS) was used to examine the association between the BSI-18 subscales and neck strength measures. PLS is a robust multivariate technique that can quantify the pattern between two sets of variables (i.e., sets comprise a series of known highly collinear variables that cannot be included separately in a classic regression) . PLS computes the covariance between these two sets of variables (cross-block variance) and uses singular value decomposition to identify a single latent variable (LV) to express the relationship between sets of variables [52–54]. Each significant LV reported below quantifies the pattern and strength of the relationship between two sets of variables between groups . In the current study, the LV represents a significant pattern for neck strength with BSI-18 subscales for soccer and limited/noncontact sport athletes.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Biostatistics"
] |
33,808 |
Following supernumerary teeth, Microdontia was the most common anomaly, 33(2.6%) with more predominance in girls. The prevalence of other anomalies in the descending order were Ectopiceruption (2.3%), Macrodontia (1.8%), Rotation (1.6%), Taurodontism (1.4%), Talonscusp (1.4%), Fusion (0.8%), Amelogenesis Imperfecta (0.3%) and Dentinogenesis imperfecta (0.1%). When comparing all these anomalies between boys and girls, chi square test showed there were no significant differences with respect to prevalence of all dental anomalies, P value > 0.05 ( Table 2).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Dentistry",
"Oral Biology"
] |
18,419 |
Hollis and coworkers [8, 9] have also found that spin-lattice relaxation times, as measured using the null method, in malignant tumors are in general longer than the corresponding normal tissue. In one study these authors associated differences in tumor growth rates (slow versus fast) with the relative magnitude of T1. For example, the more rapidly growing tumors have the longer T1 values whereas the slower growing tumors tend to overlap the T1 values for normal tissue. Hollis et al. have carried out a more extensive study on a large number of tumors in animals and humans. While the animal tumors showed spin-lattice relaxation times well in excess of those for normal tissues the differences in four human tumors relative to normal tissue was less clear cut. According to these authors it is necessary to explore further the optimization of factors which enhance the relaxation time differences between normal and malignant tissues such as temperature and frequency dependences and a more complete study of the full relaxation curves. They point out that there are alternatives, such as the effect of bound paramagnetic impurities , to the mechanism proposed by Damadian (i.e., crystallinity of cellular water) to explain the differences between normal and malignant tissues.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Oncology",
"Radiology"
] |
388,796 |
Participants included in this analysis were restricted to those who elected and were able to attend a falls screening and intervention in the community, were identified as having an increased risk for falls, and followed recommendations to return for two subsequent visits in less than 6 months. These inclusion requirements may have resulted in selection bias that influenced differences in participant characteristics between those who improved in physical performance with CHAMP participation compared with traditional OEP participation. Other aspects of selection bias, such as the very limited inclusion of men, may also have affected our results. While our sample was representative of the older adult population of western North Carolina, the homogeneity of gender and race limits applicability of our findings to other geographical areas.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Gerontology"
] |
362,001 |
ROS can be both pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic. Certain oncogenic mutations, such as mutations in the Ras pathway, lead to increased ROS levels. In turn, ROS levels can stimulate growth factor signaling pathways, driving tumor development through promotion of proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis . Excessive ROS levels, however, can be cytotoxic, as they can induce apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis . Since male mitochondria accumulate more ROS than female mitochondria, male cells may have a higher risk of carcinogenesis than female cells. Furthermore, it has been shown that, with age, ROS levels accumulate more in males than in females [195, 204]. A similar correlation can be found with cancer incidence. With age, cancer incidence rate increases with a steeper slope in men than in women (see “Senescence” section). Therefore, sex differences in mitochondrial activity and ROS regulation may underlie different thresholds for malignant transformation in men and women and might therefore contribute to sex differences in cancer susceptibility.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Oncology"
] |
369,536 |
For darter images, we cropped out a rectangular region on the flank of each fish directly below the second dorsal fin. From this set of cropped images, we determined the largest square area that would fit in every image, which was found to be 200 × 200 pixels. We then randomly sampled each flank image twice with a 200 × 200-pixel box.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Image analysis",
"Biometrics"
] |
260,500 |
Characteristics of responders according to key variables that will be released with the complete dataset can be seen in Table 3. The population who responded were predominantly white (> 96%) and the majority had at least A-level qualifications (optional exams in the UK sat at the age of 18 years), with 54% of G0 mothers, 70% of G0 partners/fathers and 74% of G1 offspring in this category. G0 partners/fathers were three years older on average than G0 mothers (61.5 years vs 58.6 years), with G1 offspring having an average age of 28.4 years.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Epidemiology"
] |
4,474 |
Coronary heart disease (“heart attack”) increased the risk of having lower cognitive performance in all three cognitive domains evaluated, which is in accordance with recent research that identified an association between cognitive decline and small, clinically silent infarcts and coronary artery disease . In the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study , in women over 65 years old with a history of infarction or invasive vascular procedures, the risk of cognitive decline was double that of the subgroup without myocardial infarction. Moreover, this study suggested that cognitive impairment was positively associated with heart and aortic atherosclerosis, particularly in patients with angina pectoris, carotid endarterectomy, peripheral vascular disease, and coronary bypass surgery . However, the relationship between coronary artery disease and cognitive impairment or AD remains unclear, with conflicting reports .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Cardiology",
"Neurology"
] |
185,831 |
Rational drug use requires that patients get medications that meet their clinical needs, in appropriate doses, for an adequate duration and at an affordable cost . It minimizes the incidence of adverse drug events and maximizes the benefits that can be derived from the optimal use of medications. Rational use of drugs can also result in optimal use of scares health care resources [1–3].
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
[
"Pharmacology"
] |
220,802 |
Thus, consistent with the literature, this research found that antibody levels were higher in women compared to men, as well as in older versus younger participants . Data from several studies suggest that the immune response to most pathogen vaccines in men is lower than that in women . Estrogen and testosterone promote and suppress, respectively, the innate and adaptive immune systems . Within the innate immune system, estrogen regulates innate myeloid (monocytes, dendric cells, neutrophils) and lymphoid cells and promotes type I IFN synthesis . In turn, within the adaptive immune system, the higher numbers of CD4+ Helper T cells, more robust CD8+ (cytotoxic) T cells cytotoxic activity, and higher B cell production of immunoglobulin are observed in women compared to men . Thus, women have an increased capacity to mount greater magnitudes of immune responses against the infection compared to men , and that may underlie the different outcomes between sexes .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Immunology"
] |
95,480 |
At 42 d of age, one male broiler per replicate was selected and weighed after feed deprivation for 12 h. Birds were killed by cervical dislocation. After dissection, the whole breast muscle (pectoralis major and pectoralis minor without bones) was weighed. Then samples were immediately collected from pectoralis major muscles and stored in liquid nitrogen until analysis.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Animal Physiology",
"Nutrition"
] |
142,204 |
Overall, the results in Fig 14 show that feature selection does not improve AUC scores for trial prediction. When a small number of features are selected (e.g. less than 100), the models appear to deteriorate significantly. With increasing number of features being used in the classification models, AUC performance increases. This confirms that all four types of features (statistics features, keyword features, drug features, and embedding features) play important roles and provide complementary information for prediction.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Bioinformatics"
] |
74,258 |
Consent in infant feeding studies is a basic ethics consideration. Noel-Weiss discusses studies of lactation and describes how the USA distinguishes between studies that would benefit only the neonate or both the infant and mother (infant mother breastfeeding dyad) . In the former case both parents are required to give consent while the involvement of the mother-infant dyad requires only the consent of the mother . In Canada there are similar requirements and Menon and colleagues have documented the consent process in studies of children in critical care studies . One of their concerns was how a lower rate of consent may bias results of the study. The situations they studied raise similar issues to infant feeding studies in neonatal intensive care units and demonstrate the potential conflict between the desire to obtain informed consent and the needs of the research project to obtain a high consent rate to minimise bias.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Bioethics"
] |
55,784 |
In LCs, local facilitators share information so participants learn “what works for prevention”, such as restriction of lethal means , and then get the opportunity to talk about “what they think” about it. Discussions could include how to increase safe gun storage options in village households. Participants then discuss “what they want to do” in their jobs, families and communities to put that information to use; for example, making guns locks available through village clinics and raising awareness in their families about their potential benefit (see Figure 1).Figure 1.Conceptual model: Promoting Community Conversations About Research to End Suicide.
| 2 | 2other
| 1Other
|
[
"Public Health"
] |
264,870 |
To observe Gtf activities in MVs of S. mutans SMU833- prepared from initial pH 6.0 and pH 8.0 conditions, SDS-PAGE and zymography were performed. The GtfC band at approximately 150 kDa was slightly expressed and shifted toward higher molecular weights in the MVs from S. mutans SMU833- than in those from the wildtype S. mutans under control conditions (Figure 6A). The GtfC band disappeared in the HC and LA groups, but more molecules were strongly expressed in the 165 kDa band of GtfB than of GtfC. The GtfC activities in the HC and LA groups were extremely reduced at 16 h and 3 days, and GtfB activities were observed in S. mutans SMU833- compared with the control at 3 days of culture by zymography (Figure 6B,C). A slightly shifted GtfC band and Gtf activity were found at 3 days of culture in the AA group (Figure 6C). The GtfC band and Gtf activity were strongly present at three days of culture in the NO group. The Gtf activity slightly induced biofilm formation at high concentrations of MVs from the NO group (Figure 5D). In contrast, the initial pH 6.0 conditions inhibited the expression and activity of GtfC. Therefore, the amounts of Gtf contained in the MVs from S. mutans SMU833- were systemically lost at an initial pH of 6.0, and inhibited the biofilm formation of S. mutans UA159.gtfBC-.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Microbiology"
] |
278,376 |
There is a great anatomical variation of the dural venous sinuses between individuals. Variations of the dural venous sinus, such as a prominent occipital venous sinus, require attention to the location of the occipital screw. Prominent occipital sinus injury may notably cause fatal complications such as massive bleeding or occlusion. Occipital screw placement with a navigation system can be a better option to avoid dural venous sinus injury in those cases.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
[
"Neuroanatomy"
] |
107,403 |
No effects were observed in genes involved in the stress axis, neither on CRH, related genes in the hypothalamo-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis nor the monoamine system shown to be involved in their regulation. We did, however, identify some possible candidate pathways that might indirectly affect anxiety behavior. It is thus possible that the alterations in anxiety behavior induced during development are not mediated via the most obvious target genes in the brain. The connection between estrogens, stress and the regulation of HPI axis and monoaminergic system in fish is well-established (Winberg and Nilsson, 1993; Pottinger et al., 1996; Winberg et al., 1997; Carpenter et al., 2007; Egan et al., 2009). Previous studies observed that acute EE2 exposure result in altered expression of genes involved in the glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway in the pituitary of sub-adult female Coho salmon (Harding et al., 2013) as well as in the hepatic tryptophan metabolism pathway, a precursor to serotonin, in adult zebrafish (Wit et al., 2010). The fish in this study were, however, not under EE2 exposure, nor were they subjected to stressors prior to tissue collection, thus decreasing the likelihood of acute effects on the stress axis. The current study does, however, not support that direct effects on stress signaling underlie the adult anxiety phenotype observed in this study.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Endocrinology",
"Neurobiology"
] |
226,248 |
Liver transplantation (LT) is the only curative treatment for patients with end-stage liver disease and select liver cancers. Significant advances over the last three decades in procurement, preservation, operative technique, and post-transplant immunosuppression have enabled liver transplantation to be an effective therapeutic option throughout the United States and much of the world. However, despite these advances, mortality on the waiting list remains high due to an ever-increasing shortage of suitable donor organs (1). Extended criteria donors (ECD), live donor liver transplant, expanded organ sharing, and a variety of organ preservation techniques have been introduced as means of increasing the pool of transplantable livers and decreasing waitlist mortality. Still, there remains an 8.4% of donated livers that are recovered and not used (2). A paradigm shift is needed. In this review, we explore the opportunities provided by these innovative and enabling technologies by review of the clinical trials that have been conducted to date as well as the prospects for novel applications in the future.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
[
"Other"
] |
9,686 |
Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS/PASW 20 (IBM Corp. Released 2011. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.) for factor analysis Mplus 7.1 (Muthén & Muthén. Released 2012. Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén) was used, and for calculation of the ordinal alpha R 3.1.1 for Windows (R Core Team. Released 2013. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing) was used.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
[
"Biostatistics"
] |
141,491 |
Patients were eligible for inclusion in this study if they had primary breast cancer confirmed histologically and were scheduled for BCT between July 2017 and May 2018. Patients were excluded if they opted for mastectomy, had a diagnosis of recurrence or metastasis, or declined to participate in the study.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Oncology"
] |
91,201 |
Surprisingly, LF82 treated with 6-MP displayed a sharp decrease in swimming motility, inconsistent with c-di-GMP inhibition (Figure 7). This result strongly suggests that, in addition to c-di-GMP inhibition, 6-MP is able to interfere with cell signaling processes, possibly via inhibition of de novo purine synthesis (Ha et al., 1990), which might in turn affect nucleotide-derived signal molecules other than c-di-GMP. Inhibition of swimming motility by 6-MP might play a significant role in downplaying LF82–host cell interaction, as it was shown that non-motile AIEC fliC mutant strains have a significantly reduced ability to invade intestinal epithelial cells (Eaves-Pyles et al., 2008). Inhibition of flagellar motility might also be the main mechanism by which 6-MP negatively affects biofilm formation, as flagella have been shown to be necessary for initial surface colonization by several Gram-negative bacteria (Pratt and Kolter, 1998).
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Microbiology"
] |
1,920 |
The desire to have celebrations that have a lower impact on air quality may well be achieved without entirely removing the celebratory nature of this important event in the Chinese calendar. Taiwan has been notable in promoting the event as more about lanterns than fireworks. Hong Kong has been consistent in adopting carefully controlled public displays of fireworks and to restrict private use. They also to ensure that those used are sourced to minimise pollution, not only in the air but also the deposition of toxic materials to the environment. The Environmental Protection Department analysis argues that “the National Day Fireworks Display and the New Year’s Eve Pyrotechnic Show… last for a short duration involving high-altitude fireworks discharge above the sea.... This accounted for 0.1 per cent of Hong Kong's total emission of RSP in 2011” (HKSAR 2013). In the past, firework displays were more frequent over Hong Kong’s Victoria Harbour. Now there is a celebration of the city each evening with a stunningly orchestrated display of lights on the major tall buildings of Hong Kong Island combined with beams from moveable searchlights and lasers. Thus, there is almost no potential for enhanced particulate emissions. Environmental regulation routinely limits the freedom of choices available to individuals, but the celebration of Chinese New Year may still be widely enjoyed even when restrictions on the use of fireworks are enforced.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
[
"Environmental science"
] |
331,426 |
Mesoniviridae represent a unique nidovirus family due to the restriction of their replication to only insects . The members of the type species, Alphamesonivirus 1, include Nam Dinh virus (NDiV), isolated from mosquitoes captured in Vietnam in 2004 and the independently discovered Cavally virus (CavV) from Côte d’Ivoire (2004) . Eight additional mesonivirus species that have been isolated from mosquitoes of various genera, have since been classified (Alphamesonivirus 2–Alphamesonivirus 9) . Casuarina virus (CASV), the first Australian mesonivirus was classified as a discrete species named Alphamesonivirus 4 . We believe that additional phenotypic studies, including virion morphology and antigenic structure are required to support these classifications.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Virology"
] |
11,125 |
Further, we followed up on the comment by the reviewers by assessing the time between trials constituting the pairs in both conditions. We quantified the time between the onsets of the imagination periods of the two trials of each pair for all pairwise comparisons within a run. There was no apparent difference between the 0° modulo 60° condition and the 30° modulo 60° condition.10.7554/eLife.17089.026Author response image 3.Mean proportion of pairwise comparisons in the 0° modulo 60° condition and the 30° modulo 60° condition across participants for different time bins.The onset asynchrony was defined as the absolute difference in seconds between the onsets of the imagination periods of the trials in a pair. Error bars reflect SEM.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.17089.026
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Neuroscience"
] |
278,264 |
Splenocyte proliferation was examined using water-soluble tetrazolium (WST)-1 assay kit (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany). Splenocytes were seeded in 96-well plates at density of 1 × 105 cells/well in DMEM with 10% FBS. Cells were respectively treated with RPMI 1640 medium (without LPS or Con A) or LPS (3 μg/mL) or Con A (3 μg/mL) for 48 h, and then 10 μL of WST-1 reagent for 2 h was added. The absorbance of each well was measured at 450 nm with a microplate reader (Varioskan; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Immunology"
] |
307,330 |
Starbase (http://starbase.sysu.edu.cn/index.php) showed that lncRNA IGF2-AS had binding sites with HMGA1 (Figure 2(a)). RIP experiment revealed that HMGA1 was the downstream potential binding protein of lncRNA IGF2-AS (Figure 2(b)). qRT-PCR and WB detection showed that HMGA1 was highly expressed in EPCs of sepsis patients compared with the Healthy group (Figures 2(c) and 2(d)). TEM showed that the pyroptosis of the si-HMGA1 group was reduced compared with the si-NC group (Figure 2(e)). Then, to study the role of HMGA1, we interfered with HMGA1. qRT-PCR and WB verified HMGA1 interference successfully (Figures 2(f) and 2(g)). qRT-PCR and WB showed that compared with the si-NC group, the levels of pyroptosis-related factors ASC, Caspase-1, NLRP3, and IL-18 were also decreased in the si-HMGA1 group (Figures 2(f) and 2(g)). In addition, compared with the si-NC group, HMGA1 expression in the si-lncRNA IGF2-AS group was reduced (Figure 2(h)). These results indicated that lncRNA IGF2-AS played a regulatory role by binding HMGA1.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Molecular biology"
] |
206,007 |
Protein was extracted from a pool of zebrafish livers (n ≥ 50 each group) were lysed in RIPA buffer supplemented with protease inhibitors (Roche). The entire extracts were resolved by SDS-PAGE, transferred to a PVDF membrane (Bio-Rad), blocked with 5% bovine serum albumin (BSA) for 1 h at room temperature and incubated with primary antibodies hmgcs1 (1:1000, Abcam), bip (1:1000, Bioworld), chop (1:1000, Bioworld), perk (1:1000, Abcam), β-actin (1:1000, Abcam) at 4 °C overnight. After the incubation with the corresponding secondary antibodies conjugated to horseradish peroxidase, the signals of the membranes were detected by enhanced chemiluminescence western blotting substrate (Pierce, Rockford).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Molecular Biology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
93,365 |
Neurotrophins are a family of proteins that includes four structurally related factors: brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and neurotrpohin-4 (NT-4)—that regulate a wide variety of neural functions. Neurotrophins act through two distinct receptors: a high-affinity and selective receptor tyrosine kinase family called Trk (containing three members: TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC) and a low affinity receptor called p75, which is a member of the TNFα receptor superfamily . Whereas each neurotrophin has a preferred Trk (NGF binds TrkA, BDNF and NT-4 bind TrkB, and NT-3 prefers TrkC but also binds TrkA and TrkB), all neurotrophins bind p75 with a similar affinity (usually low) . Neurotrophins are initially synthesized as precursors or proneurotrophins. While the Trk receptors bind preferentially to mature neurotrophins, the p75 receptor can bind and be activated by both proneurotrophins and mature neurotrophins. However, Trk receptors alone cannot discriminate between neurotrophins; both Trk and p75 are necessary to confer high-affinity binding and ligand specificity to the neurotrophins, and to influence most actions of neurotrophins on neuronal survival and differentiation . Moreover, the presence of co-receptors in the plasma membrane can alter the cellular response; for instance, p75 alone potentiates TrkA survival pathways and, in association with sortilin, induces cell death .
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Neurobiology"
] |
172,629 |
The fitting results of pulse current induced switching are shown in Fig. 5a–c. The parameters used in the calculations are summarized in Table 2. We find that the Hy dependence of the transition width cannot be accounted for by even when the field-like SOT is introduced. The solid, dashed and dotted lines in Fig. 5b show the switching probability calculated using Eq. (1) with different \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${h}_{\mathrm{FL}}$$\end{document}hFL. Since \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${h}_{\mathrm{FL}}I$$\end{document}hFLI scales with current, its effect on P is different from the external field \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${H}_{y}$$\end{document}Hy. We find that positive \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${h}_{\mathrm{FL}}$$\end{document}hFL tends to broaden the transition. Note, however, that the sign of the field-like SOT in similar heterostructures have been found to be either negative or relatively small20. Moreover, the model calculations show significant deviation from the data, in particular, when \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$|{H}_{y}-{H}_{\mathrm{S}}|$$\end{document}|Hy-HS| ~ 0. This is largely due to the broadening of transition near P ~ 1 for \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$|{H}_{y}-{H}_{\mathrm{S}}|$$\end{document}|Hy-HS| ~ 0, which is larger than that of DC current induced switching.Table 2Parameters used to fit the experimental data on pulse current induced switching. The other fixed parameters are: \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${H}_{\mathrm{K}}:300$$\end{document}HK:300 Oe, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${H}_{\mathrm{s}}:54$$\end{document}Hs:54 Oe.Hy (Oe)ΔPΔAPICP (μA)ICAP (μA)hFL (Oe/μA)(a) − 548585 − 2705500(b)548585 − 320365 − 0.4 − 3403800 − 4005000.4(c)1368585 − 3903300
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Biophysics"
] |
76,340 |
Many researchers have proposed countermeasures embedded in the sensor nodes to prevent most of the attacks shown in Table 1 . In this context, adequate embedded algorithms not only have to improve network security, but also have to consider the energetic constraints of the WSNs. Aware of this fact, researchers propose security and fault-tolerant mechanisms having energy efficiency as an additional requirement. For instance, proposes a low energy consuming mechanism to select the most trustworthy cluster head for cooperative spectrum sensing environments. In , the authors increase the reliability in mesh networks by reconstructing a reduced amount of broken links in order to recompute faulty paths. The authors claim that the proposed algorithms use less control packets and are more energy efficient than other comparable solutions. In , the authors propose a secure multipath routing scheme, which is tolerant to faults and intrusions, and it also preserves the energy of the sensors.
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
|
[
"Computer Science",
"Networking"
] |
108,919 |
Adiponectin ablation reduces thermogenic activity in subcutaneous fat. Subcutaneous (inguinal) fat from10-month old WT and Adipoq −/− mice was collected after 6 h following 4 °C cold exposure. aSubcutaneous fat weight and percentage ratio compared to body weight (BW). b Expression of thermogenic genes. c Immunohistochemical images of the UCP-1 and Mitomarker in inguinal fat. Scale bar is 50 μm. d Expression of mitochondrial dynamic genes. e Representative Western blots of AMPK activation in inguinal fat of WT and Adipoq −/− mice. p-AMPK for phosphorylated AMPA; t-AMPK for total AMPK. f Expression of regulators potentially involved in adiponectin-mediated thermogenesis. n = 6. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.001 WT vs. Adipoq −/−
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Endocrinology",
"Molecular Biology"
] |
303,809 |
The ISR achieved in mycorrhizal plants is known as mycorrhiza-induced resistance (MIR; Pozo and Azcón-Aguilar, 2007). Several reports have demonstrated the functionality of MIR in protecting plants against a wide range of belowground aggressors such as soil-borne pathogens, nematodes or root-chewing insects (Currie et al., 2011; Jung et al., 2012; Schouteden et al., 2015; Olowe et al., 2018; Pozo et al., 2020). However, contrasting results have been reported regarding the effect of mycorrhiza on aboveground attackers, and the efficiency of MIR seems to be related to the lifestyle and feeding guild of the aggressors (Pozo and Azcón-Aguilar, 2007). Indeed, MIR is generally accepted to be effective mainly against necrotrophic pathogens and generalist leaf-chewing insects (Hartley and Gange, 2009; Jung et al., 2012; Roger et al., 2013; Song et al., 2013; Nair et al., 2015; Sánchez-Bel et al., 2016; He et al., 2017). Remarkably, those organisms are usually sensitive to the plant defences regulated by jasmonic acid (JA) signalling. Therefore, the priming of JA-dependent responses in AM plants has been proposed as the main molecular mechanism underlying MIR (Jung et al., 2012; Song et al., 2013; Minton et al., 2016; He et al., 2017).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Plant Pathology",
"Mycology"
] |
153,905 |
Of the four identified CpGs, only cg21566642 showed a genetic influence; its methylation levels in adolescence were associated with rs72617176 and in childhood with rs139595493. We did not have individual data to test the first and second Mendelian randomization assumptions, but the meQTLs were associated with the CpGs methylation levels at genome-wide significance independently of age, sex or ancestry principal components . Only the Wald ratio method could be conducted, since it uses a single instrumental variable. The results did not support a causal effect of methylation at cg21566642 on either MI or CHD (Additional file 2: Table S5). We could not perform sensitivity tests for pleiotropic effects or its strength. The other three CpGs could not be instrumented.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
[
"Epigenetics",
"Genetics"
] |
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