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167,319 | All participants completed questionnaires to capture demographic data, psychiatric and somatic pre-existing conditions, age, gender and level of education. In addition, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) was used to determine early-life traumatization. The CTQ is one of the most commonly-used and well-validated measures for early-life traumatic events . | 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Psychiatry"
] |
145,281 | Such variants of concern (VOCs) have repeatedly emerged and progressed rapidly from causing only a small percentage of infections to being the dominant circulating virus variant (19). During the current pandemic, processes of that kind have been observed with alpha (B.1.1.7), beta (B.1.351), and delta variants (B.1.617.2) (19–21). Consequentially, this has to be taken into account for future decisions in public health policies and therapeutic developments. | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Virology"
] |
77,424 | Study design and screening process. We carried out two steps of screening tests for candidate allograft donors. Among the 282 candidate surgical donors, 32 donors (11.3 %) were positive for HTLV-1 antibody. We used the femoral heads from seropositive candidates in the present study. HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HTLV-1, human T-lymphotropic virus type 1; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus | 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Virology",
"Transplantation Medicine"
] |
26,324 | Protein isolation was carried out in three steps. The crude venom of B. moojeni (200 mg) was dissolved in 2.0 mL of 0.05 M ammonium bicarbonate buffer (pH 7.8) and clarified by centrifugation at 10,000 ×g for 10 min. The supernatant was applied to a DEAE-Sephacel column (2.5 × 20 cm) previously equilibrated with 0.05 M ammonium bicarbonate buffer (pH 7.8). Chromatography was carried out at a flow rate of 20 mL/h, with a linear concentration gradient of the same buffer (0.05–0.6 M), and fractions of 3.0 mL/tube were collected. All peaks were monitored by measuring absorbance at 280 nm on a spectrophotometer (BioSpec-Mini; Shimadzu Biotech, Japan). The seventh peak, designated D7, was pooled, lyophilised, and applied to a Sephadex G-75 column (1.0 × 100 cm) previously equilibrated with 0.05 M ammonium bicarbonate buffer (pH 7.8). The samples were eluted from this column with the same buffer, at a flow rate of 20 mL/h, and fractions of 3.0 mL/tube were collected. The second fraction, designated D7S2, was pooled, lyophilised, and submitted to the third step of separation using a HiTrap Heparin HP column (5 × 1 mL) in an ÄKTApurifier™ HPLC system, previously equilibrated with 20 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.0) containing 5 mM calcium chloride. The samples were eluted with an increasing concentration gradient of 20 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.0) containing 2.0 M sodium chloride. Elution was carried out at a flow rate of 30 mL/h; fractions of 1.0 mL/tube were collected and the absorbance was read at 280 nm. Isolated BmooPAi was concentrated in the major peak. To evaluate the degree of purity, isolated BmooPAi was passed through a reverse-phase C2/C18 column (4.6 × 100 mm) using the ÄKTApurifier HPLC system. The column was equilibrated with solvent A (0.1% trifluoroacetic acid) and eluted with a linear concentration gradient from 0 to 100% of solvent B (70% acetonitrile, 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid) at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. Absorbance was monitored at 280 nm. | 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Biochemistry"
] |
327,281 | Patients with IA at physical examination had a higher mean total HAQ score than patients without IA in the derivation cohort (0.84 (95% CI 0.77 to 0.89) compared with 0.73 (0.67 to 0.77), p=0.003), indicating a higher degree of functional disability. A gradual increase of the probability of IA at joint examination was observed as total HAQ scores rose (figure 1A). | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Rheumatology"
] |
260,233 | Ionome phenotyping of the OMON-GAI panel for 23 elements was performed using grain from the 2017 and 2018 seasons. The objective of the study was to evaluate the variation of macro- and microelements, and trace metals in the different groups of genetic resources, identify the relationship between the agronomic and quality traits and element concentrations, select superior genotypes, and develop approaches to be used for breeding to enhance the element composition of wheat cultivars. | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Plant Biology",
"Nutrition"
] |
384,386 | Regarding already reported examples, proteins and MSNs can be combined via either surface deposition—grafted or not—or loading into enlarged pores, although those are not the only options. One such exception was the contribution by Lim et al. who delivered immunoglobulin (IgG) to HeLa cells employing a very special silica particle . These were called unconventional perforated HMSNs. Those particles were able to efficiently deliver large membrane-impermeable cargoes, although without any study on immune response. However, their contribution established the basis for local immunostimulation, opening the way to new therapeutic strategies. In more recent examples, several research groups studied immune inductions in mice using nanoparticles. Along this line, Wang, Ito, Tsuji, and coworkers reported a series of articles which firstly studied the immunostimulating behavior of HMSNs in murine models, and then studied how the surface modification of such HMSNs with the T cell-dependent antigen, chicken ovalbumin (OVA), stimulated the overall response . The authors paid special attention to which markers were upregulated when treating the animals with these devices . They found a four-action pathway: an anticancer effect through the use of HMSNs themselves, an effector memory on the CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell population, an overexpression on T helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 cytokines, and an enhanced secretion of immunoglobulin antibodies . Employing another silica nanostructure, a multi-shelled dendritic mesoporous organosilica hollow sphere (DMOHS), Yang et al. also obtained similar stimulation patterns when they employed OVA-loaded particles . Herein, a parallel upregulation on CD4+, CD8+, and Th1 immunoproteins was also reported, characterized by the secretion of interleukin-12 (IL-12), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). More recently, Cha et al. evolved this system by adding an additional immunostimulating entity. In their model, large-pore MSNs (20–30 nm) were sequentially loaded with OVA plus an additional “danger signal”, an agonist for Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) . As a result, an increased immunostimulation was obtained, which again suggests the importance of combined therapies for the development of more effective cancer treatments and vaccines. More recently, these authors implemented their immunostimulant nanosystem by designing a combination of these MSNs embedded in large chemokine-loaded mesoporous nanorods suitable for injection . With this system, the authors overcame the limitations of the intravenous dosage of their previous nanosystem, as, with this approach, they could effectively recruit and mature the dendritic cells in order to achieve a more efficient cancer vaccination. Their final formulation demonstrated a significant tumor progression reduction together with great survival rates. | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Nanomedicine",
"Immunology"
] |
164,452 | To Explore the Perforators and their Main Vascular Pedicle. According to the design, the lateral margin and part of the upper margin of the flap were incised down through the skin and subcutaneous tissue to the deep fascia over the VL. The flap was turned inward in the subfascial plane for the identification of perforators. The strongest perforator was selected, and the position of the flap was adjusted according to this position. Alternatively, according to the needs of the defects, multiple perforators were selected to design the multilobed deep fascia flap. At the upper margin of the flap, the proper incision was extended toward the beginning of the femoral artery, deep to the subfascial plane. The descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery was explored between the RF and VL. The tendency of the perforator toward the main vascular pedicle was identified. | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Surgery"
] |
174,800 | 6. PLOS requires an ORCID iD for the corresponding author in Editorial Manager on papers submitted after December 6th, 2016. Please ensure that you have an ORCID iD and that it is validated in Editorial Manager. To do this, go to ‘Update my Information’ (in the upper left-hand corner of the main menu), and click on the Fetch/Validate link next to the ORCID field. This will take you to the ORCID site and allow you to create a new iD or authenticate a pre-existing iD in Editorial Manager. Please see the following video for instructions on linking an ORCID iD to your Editorial Manager account: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_xcclfuvtxQ | 1 | 2other
| 1Other
| [
"Publishing"
] |
73,261 | To overcome these limitations and enhance sensitivity, a nanostructure optical biosensor was proposed. As described above, the nanostructure-based sensor has many advantages compared to other sensors. Its relatively large surface area and aspect ratio provide large binding sites. Yeom et al. reported an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO)-based biosensor with high resolution and sensitivity compared to previous SPR-based biosensors. This sensor is constructed using an electrochemical process, which is much simpler compared to other fabrication processes. Additionally, this sensor offers rapid response, high accuracy, and non-chemical labeling. However, the sensor chip was prepared using mild anodization (MA) and, thus, the AAO chip fabrication time was very long. Despite these limitations, this type of sensor has been widely studied. Using this sensor, fabricated nano-porous AAO forms a sine wave through the interference of light, enabling observation of the peak point shift of the reflection wave according to antigen-antibody reaction. Additionally, the magnitude of this reflected wave can be increased through localized SPR (LSPR), which can confine the light in the nanostructure, enabling a family of plasmonic biosensing techniques . LSPR biosensing techniques comprise refractive index (RI) biosensing, metal surface-enhance fluorescence (SEF), and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), all of which have the advantage of being label-free and highly sensitive compared to the conventional biosensors. Among these techniques, RI biosensing is the simplest, because the changes in the bulk RIs can be monitored by the shifts in the position or intensity of LSPR peaks with real-time and label-free sensing capability. Moreover, RI biosensing requires aluminum (Al) which, compared to conventional planar metals, such as Au and Ag, is inexpensive, naturally abundant, and is highly stable. | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Other"
] |
8,208 | At the intervention session, the CANTAB SWM task with high levels of difficulty (up to 12 boxes) and the PAL test with high levels of difficulty (up to 12 shapes) were administered. One Touch Stockings (OTS), a challenging planning task, was selected instead of the easier planning task, the SOC. Those versions of the tasks in previously published studies have been found to have greater sensitivity and to avoid ceiling effects. The version of CANTAB RVIP used was the same in both sessions. Primary and secondary cognitive measures are listed in Table 2. | 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Cognitive Psychology",
"Neuroscience"
] |
310,792 | To analyse the sensitivity of the results to changes in any of the three parameters, we sampled additional results centred on the reference, where we only varied one of the three parameters, while leaving the other two at the values of the reference. For the Gaussian variance and the NCC threshold, the same range was used as in the ensemble with 40 results. For the Cluster-Cluster distance, a different range of ±20 around the reference value had to be chosen, since the original range of 1−100 did not have the same range from the reference in both directions. We split the sampled region into 200 equally spaced parts and placed samples at 1,5,10,50, and 100 parts away from the centre in both directions. This yielded 10 results (5 per side) for each of the three parameters. For each of these results, we computed the average dissimilarity do3 to the reference. Plotting do3 over the parameters, as shown in Figure 5e, clearly shows that changing the NCC threshold by far has the highest influence on the result, with an average dissimilarity of up to 0.3. | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Biostatistics"
] |
59,310 | Eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized into organelles, which fulfil specialized functions. Exchange of substances between these membrane compartments is mediated by vesicular transport1. In this context, the endocytic compartment plays a central role in the sorting of cargo between the plasma membrane, the Golgi apparatus and the lysosome (vacuole in yeast) for recycling or degradation. Uptake of extracellular material and plasma membrane components into the cell is initially mediated by the budding of endocytic vesicles that fuse to form early endosomes (EEs) and subsequently mature to late endosomes (LEs). The LE acts as a general sorting station within the cell and represents a central hub in the endocytic pathway. Endosomal cargo can either be recycled to the Golgi or the plasma membrane, or is delivered to the lysosome/vacuole along with Golgi vesicles and autophagic structures for degradation. | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Cell Biology"
] |
56,628 | The BasicNeeds-GHS partnership (Table 5) was initiated in Northern Ghana by the former in 2002, following a baseline study, which revealed that existing government psychiatric units when compared with facilities in this country’s southern sector lacked the requisite personnel and logistics for handling an increasing burden of mental illness and epilepsy. Subsequently, BasicNeeds sought to increase access to services for the mentally-ill with GHS until 2009, when an MOU was agreed. | 2 | 2other
| 1Other
| [
"Psychiatry"
] |
390,651 | Comparing cell proliferation rates and patterns to an observed phenotypic variation is a valuable approach for investigating heterochronic shifts in growth and resulting morphological evolution. Quantitative maps of proliferation during development show how craniofacial growth occurs at stereotypical locations in the craniofacial region. Our fine-scale morphogenetic analysis of bat embryos with distinct faces emphasizes how facial length changes correlate with altered cellular proliferation to the midface. Ancestral state reconstructions of cell proliferation in the most recent common ancestor of Noctilionoidea suggest that the elevated cell proliferation in fruit bats is an apomorphic trait and the lower cell proliferation in nectar bats is plesiomorphic. Variation in the rate and/or duration of cell proliferation during craniofacial development appears to be an important proximal mechanism of heterochronic growth that facilitated evolutionary diversification of phyllostomid faces. Furthermore, the widespread employment of heterochrony implicated by many evolutionary developmental studies on mammals and other vertebrate animals [14, 21, 23, 42, 51, 52, 69] implies that similar heterochronic changes at the cellular level are broadly important in morphological evolution. | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Developmental Biology"
] |
246,042 | Male or female aged 20 or older at the time of consentPatients with hepatobiliary disease and will be undergoing hepatectomyLaparotomic or laparoscopic hepatectomyAny extent of liver resectionAny hepatobiliary disease (including hepatocellular carcinoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and metastatic liver cancer)3.Patients who provide a written consent of their own free will to participate after being fully informed of and fully understanding the study | 3 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
| [
"Hepatology",
"Surgical Oncology"
] |
236,100 | To evaluate the curve association of diet quality and frailty prevalence, we used a restricted cubic spline model considering three data points (5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles), based on the distribution of the recommended adherence score. Because the data were sparse, we truncated the analysis at 29 points (1% of the distribution) . We calculated the ORs for frailty prevalence associated with adherence score, using the 43 points of first quartile value as the reference in the restricted cubic spline model . Moreover, we considered the association between frailty prevalence and the adherence score of each component of the Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top. A two-sided p value < 0.05 was considered significant. Linear trends were computed by treating adherence score exposure as a continuous variable. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA MP, version 15.0 (Stata Corp LP, College Station, TX), and/or R software 3.4.3 (R Core Team, Vienna, Austria). | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Epidemiology"
] |
141,028 | In addition, the learners need to be motivated enough to control their cognitive processes, performance, and behavioral responses to the classroom demands. To enhance motivation, cognitive processes, psychological wellbeing, and behavioral control, individuals must be self-regulators (Duru et al., 2014). Indeed, the other factor related to learning success in the academic context is SRL that refers to the comprehensive process of education that consists of intellectual, psychological, social, emotional, and personal elements (Panadero, 2017; Müller and Seufert, 2018). Studies have shown that SRL is important for learners’ educational progress since it makes them more motivated and academically successful (Anam and Stracke, 2016). Self-regulated teaching is a flexible educational approach that focuses on the learner creating his or her reactions, feelings, and skills and learning toward attaining his or her personal goals (Zimmerman and Schunk, 2011; Zhang and Zhang, 2019). In recent years, education has been recognized as one of the most important tasks for instructors to carry out: instruct learners how to become independent, responsible individuals who can directly regulate their education (Šteh and Šarić, 2020). SRL is an alternative significant issue in educational achievement which refers to the capability of the human personality to achieve their education forms (Ormrod et al., 2016). The concept of SRL has become a crucial element for comprehending, assessing, and enhancing learners’ educational achievement in recent decades (Zimmerman and Schunk, 2011). Self-regulated learners tend to be intellectually, emotionally, and psychologically vigorous and dynamic in their education, and those learners have a greater likelihood of having successful professional careers in both conventional and non-conventional fields (Wibrowski et al., 2017). Wolters and Hussain (2015) indicated that SRL partly facilitates the connection between persistence and educational presentation. The thoughts, emotions, and practices that learners utilize at some stage in education are explained by the SRL process. It consists of the individual elements which have formerly been related to instructional resilience, like self-efficacy, setting of objectives, inspirational beliefs, and self-control (Freeman et al., 2004; Han and Wang, 2021). Motivating factors are often considered an essential element in SRL, and a student’s effort, persistence, and ability to adapt are commonly recognized traits (Zimmerman, 2002). | 4 | 2other
| 2Review
| [
"Educational Psychology"
] |
160,888 | Figure 11 shows TACs in relevant organs for [11C]MTO and [18F]CETO. In Figure 10A, the [11C]MTO uptake in the adrenal glands showed a negative slope at the end of the experiment. By contrast, in Figure 11B, the corresponding curves for the [18F]CETO uptake show that the accumulation in the adrenal glands was still increasing at the end of PET imaging. Kinetics of [18F]CETO in NHP at baseline could best be described by an irreversible two-tissue compartment model in all organs except the spleen, where a single-tissue comparison model was the best fit for the data. After blocking, the irreversible two-tissue compartment model was still preferred in all organs except the adrenal glands. In the adrenal glands, the rate constant k3 was reduced to zero, indicating complete blocking and leading to indistinguishable fits for the irreversible two-tissue and single-tissue compartment models. Figure 12 shows irreversible two-tissue compartment model fits of the adrenal gland TACS at baseline and after blocking (A). | 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Pharmacokinetics",
"Imaging"
] |
88,224 | Damage in the collagen fibers (a) and damage in the matrix (proteoglycan) (b) when compressing the tissue to \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\sim 30\,\%$$\end{document}∼30% of its height. Loading rate increases from left to right: 5, 15, 60 and 120 mm/min | 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Biomechanics"
] |
94,405 | HIV-1 packages two copies of its RNA genome into each virion . These genomes are non-covalently linked via a process known as genomic RNA dimerization . The initial interaction between the two genomes occurs in a region called the dimer linkage structure present in the 5′ UTR, also known as stem-loop 1 (SL1) . The dimerization process requires a six-nucleotide palindromic sequence present in the SL1 apical loop known as the dimerization initiation site (DIS). For the HIV-1 B strain, this sequence is GC-rich and flanked by two 5′ and one 3′ unpaired nucleotides. It has been shown by mutagenesis and chemical probing that this palindromic sequence forms an intermolecular kissing loop-loop interaction , and it is now well accepted that SL1 plays an important role in multiple steps of the HIV-1 life-cycle, including reverse transcription , packaging and recombination . Interestingly, deletion of SL1 decreases the kinetics of dimer formation , but neither viral replication nor RNA packaging is completely abolished. Furthermore, gRNA extracted from SL1 deleted virions is dimeric with normal thermal stability , providing strong evidence that additional dimerization sites exist within the HIV-1 genome . Even so, it is generally agreed that SL1 is the most important dimerization motif, and the location and function of these putative additional dimerization sites still need to be determined. | 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Virology"
] |
209,886 | We found that 6/37 (16.2%) RA subjects had serum anti-PAD4 IgG, and 2 of those 6 subjects (33.3%) possessed the PAD3/4 antibody subset in the serum (Fig. 1 and Table 1). In addition, we found anti-PAD4 IgG in the sputum of 3/37 (8.1%) RA subjects, and 1 of those 3 (33.3%) had sputum anti-PAD3/4 antibodies. In the subset of subjects with saliva available, we found that 3/33 (9.1%) RA subjects had salivary anti-PAD4 IgG, but none was anti-PAD3/4-positive. All patients with sputum or saliva anti-PAD4 antibodies were also positive for anti-PAD4 antibodies in their serum, and 2/3 had anti-PAD4 antibodies in both their sputum and saliva. As such, 1/37 (2.7%) RA subjects had sputum anti-PAD4 positivity in the absence of salivary anti-PAD4 positivity, and 1/37 (2.7%) RA subjects had salivary anti-PAD4 antibody in the absence of sputum positivity. Fig. 1Detection of anti-PAD4 and anti-PAD3/4 IgG at different anatomical sites. Antibodies to PAD4, including those of the PAD3/4 subset, were detected in paired serum (Se), sputum (Sp), and saliva (Sa) samples from RA patients (n = 37), individuals at-risk (AR) for RA (n = 46), and healthy controls (n = 35). a The overlap in anti-PAD4 antibody positivity at the three anatomical sites in anti-PAD4-positive individuals (n = 7) is depicted using a Venn diagram. Anti-PAD3/4 positivity did not overlap between serum, sputum, and saliva. Heat maps show the anti-PAD antibody arbitrary units (AU) b and anti-CCP units c in anti-PAD-positive individuals (n = 7) at the various anatomical sites. Salivary samples that were not available for anti-CCP testing are marked with an X | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Immunology",
"Rheumatology"
] |
182,740 | To induce SLE, pristane was injected to the mice. After 8 months, the non-injected TG mice showed spontaneous inflammation. WT and TG mice both showed lipogranuloma, a chronic inflammatory response to pristane14, on the diaphragm (Fig. 3a). CTSS was increased in the spleen and sera of TG mice and so does the pristane-injected WT and TG mice (Fig. 3b,c).Figure 3Increased cathepsin S (CTSS) expression induced by pristane injection with systemic lupus-like symptoms. (a) Lipogranuloma attached to the diaphragm (arrows) in WT and TG mice 8 months after pristane treatment. (b) Representative western blot showing CTSS expression in the spleen. β-actin was used as a loading control. Each band was cropped from same gel and grouped together. Original blots are shown in Supplementary Information. (c) Serum CTSS levels in WT and TG mice 8 months after treatment with or without pristane injection were measured by ELISA. Non pristane non-injected group, Pris pristane-injected group. (d) Serum ANAs and anti-dsDNA levels in WT and TG mice 8 months after treatment with pristane, as determined by ELISA. (e) Spleen weights of WT and TG mice treated with pristane. (f) IFN-α, TNF-α, IL-17 and IFN-γ cytokine mRNA levels in spleens from WT and TG mice measured by qRT-PCR. (g) Concentrations of TNF-α and IL-17 in sera, as determined by ELISA. Non pristane non-injected group, Pris pristane-injected group. WT wild type, TG transgenic. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001, versus WT non-treated group, #p < 0.05; ##p < 0.001, versus WT pristane-injected group. | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Immunology"
] |
338,440 | The recorded microphone signals were preamplified (Behringer ADA8200, Music Tribe Holding, Makati City, Philippines) and transmitted to a personal computer via an audio interface (MOTU 16 A, Motu, Cambridge, USA). The resulting .wav files were synchronously sampled at 44.1 kHz with an audio bit depth of 32 bit. | 2 | 2other
| 1Other
| [
"Other"
] |
57,163 | This pattern is consistent with an assembly of bacterial communities of cryoconite holes due to species sorting . Indeed, environmental conditions of cryconite holes strongly differ from those of the ice-marginal environments for temperature, solar irradiation and the presence of water that may favour typical freshwater inhabitants. Without dispersal limitation between ice-marginal environments and glacier surface, the community composition of cryoconite holes is determined by the different environmental conditions between them and the ice-marginal environments, which allow recruiting into the community only those taxa that in the cryoconite holes find the conditions to outcompete the other populations. For example, Cyanobacteria are the most abundant taxon in cryoconite holes and among the less abundant ones in ice-marginal environments (S1 Fig). Moreover, as previously suggested, dispersal and species sorting processes might not be unidirectional. Indeed, the wash-out of cryoconite holes due to ablation and the consequent transport of bacterial communities could inoculate downstream locations with microorganisms [10,52–54]. | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Microbiology"
] |
240,725 | Our study is subject to several limitations. In the earlier cohort, data were retrospectively collected in contrast with the more recent prospective NCR-BlaZIB cohort. Despite the high number of RCs, the group of patients with (near) complete downstaging and the presence of LNM remained low. Also, information on neoadjuvant treatment was limited. In case of NAC, exact regimens and the number of cycles were unknown. This was the same for radiation schemes in the NAR-group. Recent changes in preoperative diagnostic modalities, e.g., the use of more sensitive imaging like FDG-PET scans might result in a Will Rogers phenomenon . Unfortunately, our databases had no information available regarding the use of FDG-PET scans versus conventional CT scans. Therefore, we could not assess the primary study outcome stratified by different preoperative imaging modalities. However, since the prevalence of occult LNM was similar between cohorts (NCR cohort: 4.2%, NCR-BlaZIB cohort: 4.6%) we expect the impact of such stage migration to be minimal. No information was available on the extent of the PLND templates. Since a limited PLND was often performed in the past, it is likely that we underestimated the true prevalence of occult nodal metastasis in this study. This may, however, further strengthen the potential role of PLND in selected patients who do not undergo RC. In addition, this emphasizes the need for future research to evaluate, for example, the extent of the PLND template, lymph node density in positive cases and extracapsular extension in lymph nodes and their effects on prognosis and adjuvant treatments. Also, it will be important to identify risk factors predicting the presence of occult LNM after downstaging of the primary tumor (e.g., lymphovascular invasion, perineural spread, Ki-67 index on TURBT), as this might influence treatment decision-making as well. Despite these limitations, this is the second large nationwide database study to report on the prevalence of LNM in the patients with bladder cancer that were downstaged to (y)pT0 or (y)pTa/is/1 disease in the RC specimen. | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Urology",
"Oncology"
] |
157,293 | The PCR amplification reaction was performed in a Bio-Rad thermal cycler with an initial denaturation of 4 min at 95 °C, followed by 30 cycles at 95 °C for 30 s, 55 °C for 30 s, and 72 °C for 1 min, while a final extension was conducted at 72 °C for 10 min. The PCR products were analyzed on 1.5% agarose gels containing ethidium bromide, purified using the ChargeSwitch®-Pro PCR Clean-up Kit (Invitrogen) to remove unincorporated primers and nucleotides, and then subjected to electrophoresis on agarose gels. | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Molecular Biology"
] |
208,612 | In accordance with the pooled estimation of the accuracy of IHDS for detecting the cognitive impairment in different groups, including HAND, symptomatic HAND, and HAD, we propose a cut-off score of 10 as a common threshold for all the groups. Assuming a score of 10 as the common threshold, the accuracy measures would be:HAND: true positive rate (TPR) = 0.619 (95% CI 0.511–0.717), true negative rate (TNR) = 0.675 (95% CI 0.552–0.777), with a sensibility of 0.619 (95% CI 0.551–0.717), and a specificity of 0.675 (95% CI 0.552–0.777).Symptomatic HAND: TPR = 0.618 (95%CI 0.308–0.855), TNR = 0.736 (95%CI 0.503–0.884), with a sensibility of 0.618 (95%CI 0.308–0.855), and a specificity of 0.736 (95%CI 0.503–0.884).HAD: TPR = 0.856 (95% CI 0.570–0.964), TNR = 0.581 (95% CI 0.270–0.838), with a specificity of 0.856 (95% CI 0.570–0.964), and a sensibility of 0.581 (95%CI 0.270–0.838). | 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Neurology",
"Neuropsychology"
] |
179,418 | In recent years, Acly arose as a potential metabolic target in combating inflammatory disorders (7, 8, 11, 12). In this study, we demonstrated that Acly-deficient BMDMs have a hyperinflammatory gene signature when activated with LPS in vitro. Apart from increased splenic Il6 expression, other systemic or local inflammatory readouts determined in blood, spleen, and peritoneum were unaltered in myeloid-specific Acly-deficient mice during endotoxin-induced peritonitis in vivo. Likewise, neither obesity nor EAE-related inflammation were affected by myeloid Acly deficiency. These results indicate that, although in vitro inflammatory responses were increased in LysM-Cre-mediated Acly-deficient cells, myeloid Acly deficiency did not alter acute and chronic inflammatory disease outcomes in vivo in mouse models of obesity, peritonitis, and MS. These results highlight that therapeutic targeting of macrophage Acly is likely not beneficial for all inflammatory disorders. | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Immunology"
] |
368,475 | The most robust association evidenced in our study is the one between ALS and raw water use, which is expected to be higher in rural areas and small municipalities (Table 3). Recently, Filippini et al. in a study conducted in Italy on 95 cases and 135 controls, suggest an association, although not significant, between well water consumption for drinking water and ALS risk in the Northern Italian population (OR = 3.33, 95% CI: 0.31–35.69) but not in Southern Italy, where a stronger association with ALS risk was found with current well water consumption for irrigation (OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 0.18–17.21). We observed a not statistically significant association in this study as well, between well water consumption and ALS. Geographical localization of ALS clusters has been previously associated with lake water quality and, according to a study in the USA , well water used for drinking might be associated with sporadic ALS. In literature, it is widely reported that there is a statistically significant association between ALS onset and well water consumption or water uses from rivers, lakes, or streams in several ecological studies . Moreover, other authors speculated on the association between ALS and activities related to raw water use (e.g., gathering, fishing, use of well water) in very different living environments from our study: in a survey in Papua, Indonesia, between 2001 and 2012, Okumiya et al. highlighted that neurodegenerative diseases such as ALS and parkinsonism were detected mostly in villages nearby three rivers: thus they hypothesized that those diseases may be somehow associated with the use of shallow wells. In all cases, the exposure to raw water was not quantified, as well, the potential agent and the pathogenetic mechanisms were not identified to confirm the biological plausibility and the causality of these associations. However, pathogenetic mechanisms to confirm these associations are yet to be understood. To our knowledge, this is the first population-based case-control study to report an association between raw water utilization and ALS risk. Our data support the hypothesis of raw water use as a potential risk factor for ALS. In fact, although we are aware of the limited number of enrolled patients, this study shows that nearly 73% of ALS patients declared to have used raw water for a long time during their lifetime: watering for farming and gardening were the main activities carried out. It is noteworthy that analyzing patient’s family histories; we identified three patients (9.1%) with an ALS-affected relative, suggesting for them a genetic influence with a percentage similar to what is described in the literature for hereditary ALS . Two out of three patients affected by hereditary ALS declared to have continuously used untreated water leading us to hypothesize that raw water might have increased the risk of developing ALS . It is well known that untreated water could be a source for several potential neurotoxic factors: mycotoxins, cyanobacteria, fertilizers or pesticides, and other substances (e.g., metals or solvents) for which many epidemiological studies have highlighted associations with neurotoxic effects and consequent higher incidence of ALS . Filippini et al. observed an odds ratio of 1.95 (95% CI: 0.88–4.36) for use of herbicides in gardening associated with ALS risk while results on pesticide utilization offered little support of increased ALS risk (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.56–2.39). Furthermore, a meta-analysis highlighted a significant association between pesticide exposure and risk of ALS (OR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.36–2.61). However, our results on a small group of patients did not confirm this association regarding pesticide utilization, but we observed an increased exposure to fertilizers in cases. This leads us to hypothesize that in our study the association with ALS onset is closely related to raw water use. | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Neurology"
] |
314,586 | The most hotly debated is the male androgen hypothesis suggesting that male growth is masculinized by gonadal androgens. Sex-specific levels of gonadal steroids are generally important for the control of sexually dimorphic traits in vertebrates8 and the expression of many male-typical morphological, physiological and behavioural traits has been linked to the levels of male gonadal androgens present in squamates (e.g., size of copulatory organs9, activity of scent glands10, colouration11, odour and other sex recognition cues12, social behaviour13,14). Nevertheless, the evidence that the growth of rigid, skeletal structures, for example total structural body size, is solely under the control of male gonadal androgens, is equivocal. Cox et al.3 presented broader evidence for the bipotential effect of gonadal androgens which assumes that male gonadal androgens masculinize growth with a growth-stimulating effect in male-larger species and a growth-suppressing effect in female-larger species2,3. This hypothesis was supported mainly by experiments on members of the lizard group Iguania. However, the results in gekkotan lizards question the generality of this hypothesis: castration had no significant effect on male final body size and growth trajectory in male-larger7,15,16 as well as in female-larger geckos17. The discrepancies in the support for the male androgen hypothesis between geckos and other squamates reported by Cox et al.3 could be explained by lineage-specific differences in the regulatory function of male androgens between iguanian and gekkotan lizards, as suggested by Pollock et al.18. Alternatively, they can reflect differences in experimental procedures. In Iguania the support for the male androgen hypothesis largely came from short-term growth experiments without a control of the social environment. Also, the comparison of growth between control males and males treated with exogenous testosterone (T) was often taken as a support for the hypothesis. The results of the comparison of control males and castrated males, the stronger test of the effects of male gonadal androgens not supporting the hypothesis, were often not taken into account (reviewed in Starostová et al.15). The male androgen hypothesis received support from the results of the manipulative experiment in squamate females treated with exogenous androgens15,17,19. However, exogenous androgens in females can lead to male-typical growth via the interference with normal hormonal secretion of ovaries and hence causing defeminisation, i.e. the suppression of the development of female-typical morphology, rather than masculinization presuming the direct effect of androgens on growth7,15. Supporting evidence is found in geckos, where females treated with exogenous testosterone possessed underdeveloped ovaries15 and ovariectomized females follow male-typical growth trajectories even without application of exogenous androgens7. To test whether two major lizard lineages (Gekkota and Iguania) differ in the key growth regulator responsible for the ontogeny of sexual dimorphism in body size, we performed a long-term manipulative growth experiment using the veiled chameleon (Chamaeleo calyptratus), the highly sexually dimorphic member of the lineage Iguania, under controlled conditions. Alongside the hormonal control of sexual dimorphism in structural body size, we also investigated the ontogeny and hormonal control of sexual dimorphism in casque size. Some lineages of chameleons are known for notable sexual dimorphism in the presence and size of head structures such as horns, gular appendages, occipital lobes and casques. These structures have attracted the attention of evolutionary biologists ever since Darwin, who (misled by incorrect information he received from Dr. Günther that chameleons are “peaceable creatures” and it is thus hardly believed that they “would ever become pugnacious”) interpreted “almost monstrous deviations of structure” on chameleon heads as masculine ornaments20. Now, we are aware that male-male combat is very frequent in chameleons and recent evidence documents that bite force is highly related to head size in chameleons21. A rugose cranial casque supported by bony protrusions is highly sexually dimorphic in many chameleons including C. calyptratus. High casques provide an expanded area for muscle attachments22, which can increase bite force. Casque size thus might be an honest signal of fighting ability21. We followed the ontogeny and hormonal control of casque size in the veiled chameleon to test whether this primarily bony structure shares proximate control with other bones or whether this putative honest intrasexual signal of fighting ability has different hormonal control and is tightly linked to male androgen levels as other such traits (although not so rigid) in other vertebrates (e.g., birds23, mammals24). | 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Endocrinology",
"Herpetology"
] |
38,841 | For the best fit, we explored the GFs of ITFs with 1st–5th order polynomial denominators to find a simple model. An ITF was derived for each subject and for each BDA, DAA, and BAA; the GF for each ITF was then determined. After collecting every GF of ITFs for each period pair, the order of the numerator and the order of the denominator that have highest average GF were used to determine the optimized order. A GTF was derived by averaging each subject’s ITF on this optimized order [36, 37]. The process of averaging TF is to average every subject’s coefficient on each order and on a specific period pair. | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Biomedical Signal Processing"
] |
61,027 | First, we used population-immunostaining of filaments, where we determined the length of filaments at the end of the experiment. Here, the bacteria grew normally in batch culture without any manipulations prior to fixation (Figure 1C and E, Figure 2—figure supplement 1B). | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Microbiology",
"Molecular Biology"
] |
392,923 | To gain more insight into the interaction of ECMO and RBCs, we focused on the components that form the syllectogram, more than the composed AI. The AI did not significantly alter over time, but all components that make up the AI did. The basic laser scatter intensity, the upstroke, and the amplitude all significantly decreased over the time points. The decrease in upstroke points towards less disaggregation into single RBCs while the amplitude which is the total extent of the aggregation points to less forming of rouleaux during ECMO. Both findings suggest that the membrane properties of the RBCs are affected by ECMO. However, and this is a limitation of our study, hemoglobin levels also decreased during ECMO treatment and there may be a causal relationship with the lowering of the basic laser scatter intensity, upstroke and hematocrit levels. Hardeman reported that the total extent of RBC aggregation as measured with the Lorrca, was found to be nonlinear dependent on hematocrit with an optimum between 0.42 and 0.46 L/L, in line with the findings of Deng et al., obtained with light transmission technology . The AI increased steadily over the hematocrit range 0.18 to 0.78 L/L . We consider this a less likely explanation for our findings as our hemoglobin levels remained in a reasonably narrow and clinically acceptable range. | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Hematology"
] |
397,015 | Illustration of a Mesostoma primary spermatocyte. There are two univalent pairs, acrocentrics in blue and metacentrics in yellow. There are three metacentric bivalents, in gray scale. Each bivalent has a tether extending between the telomeres of their free arms. The microtubule spindle is in green, with thick kinetochore microtubules extending from bivalent kinetochores to the two poles. The precocious cleavage furrow is illustrated as slightly ingressed at the midline of the cell. | 4 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
| [
"Cell Biology",
"Genetics"
] |
90,704 | This manuscript describes an elegant combination of molecular genetic experiments in vivo and biochemical assays in vitro leading the authors to suggest a much more detailed "prefabrication" mechanism used by yeast to overcome these challenges, to deliver r proteins S11 and S26 into adjacent positions in small ribosomal subunits. | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Molecular Biology"
] |
8,000 | Participants were asked how often they smoked at present (0 = not at all; 1 = less than once a week; 2 = at least once a week, 3 = but not daily; 4 = every day). As previous studies reported whether or not youngsters smoke daily and due to violation of the linearity assumption, tobacco consumption was dichotomised into ‘daily smoker’ and ‘non-daily smoker’ [49, 50]. | 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Epidemiology"
] |
346,120 | We know that ucMDA (not just the total cost of MDA) depends on N.35 The elasticity of ucMDA with respect to population size is about −0.5, meaning that for a 10% increase in N, ucMDA decreases by a mean of 5%. We therefore used a published web-based application (https://healthy.shinyapps.io/benchmark/35) to generate estimates of ucMDA for our analyses. This application requires several parameters to be specified; we assumed an MDA coverage rate of 85% would be achieved in the fourth year of a subnational, annual campaign distributing only antibiotics for trachoma, in a country other than a small-island developing state, using unpaid volunteers to distribute in the community (rather than in schools). Per-capita gross domestic product (GDP) and population density were set at $936 and 123 people per km2, respectively: real-world data from the United Republic of Tanzania in 2017. These choices were consistent with the scenario under consideration: WHO recommends that programs achieve at least 80% coverage when undertaking antibiotic MDA3; where baseline TF prevalence is 10–29.9%, an impact survey to determine whether or not MDA should continue would normally be undertaken before the fourth round, the United Republic of Tanzania is trachoma endemic,36 and so on. The derived ucMDA estimates were $0.13 (2015 USD; 95% CI: 0.08–0.17), $0.18 (0.11–0.23), $0.20 (0.12–0.26), $0.23 (0.14–0.29), $0.28 (0.17–0.35), and 0.39 (0.24–0.49) for EUs of 500,000, 250,000, 200,000, 150,000, 100,000, and 50,000 people, respectively. | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Epidemiology",
"Global Health"
] |
214,909 | The overall prevalence of MDR among both of the isolates was 58.0% (199/343). Individually, 59.2% (179/302) of the total E. coli isolates and 48.7% (20/41) of the K. pneumoniae isolates were reported as MDR (Table 4).Table 4Distribution of MDR, ESBL and Carbapenem resistant in E. coli and K. pneumoniae in relation to gender, age and clinical specimens (n = 336)CharacterMDRp-valueESBL producersp-valueCarbapenem resistantp-valueN (%)N (%)N (%)Gender Male66 (34.4)0.1939 (28.7)0.0921 (55.3)0.02 Female126 (65.6)97 (71.3)17 (44.7) Total19213638Age group in years 0–158 (4.2)0.004 (2.9)0.0012 (5.3)0.00 16–4564 (33.3)45 (33.1)12 (31.6) 46–5951 (26.6)38 (27.9)13 (34.2) > 6069 (35.9)49 (36.0)11 (28.9) Total19213638Clinical specimens Urine143 (75.0)0.16105 (77.2)0.01925 (65.8)0.25 Wound swab8 (4.0)6 (4.4)3 (7.9) Pus25 (13)16 (11.8)7 (18.4) Blood2 (1.0)2 (1.4) Sputum5 (2.5)2(1.4) Various tips2 (1.0)1 (2.6) Fluids4 (2.0)3 (2.1)1 (2.6) Foley's Catheter tube1 (0.5)1 (0.7) Tissues2 (1.0)1 (0.7)1 (2.6) Organisms E. coli179 (89.9)0.03130 (92.1)0.03333 (76.8)0.01 K. pneumoniae20 (10.1)11 (7.9)10 (23.2) | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Microbiology"
] |
254,212 | The Myeloid panel was used to confirm mutations in some BM or PB samples. A spreadsheet, included in Supplementary file 2, summarizes the variants, VAFs and coverages detected by T cell and Myeloid targeted panels. Overall, the results were concordant in the overlapped genes between two assays. | 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Genetics",
"Molecular Biology"
] |
152,472 | The clinicians said that they regularly offered self-care advice when not prescribing immediate antibiotics and sometimes delayed antibiotic prescriptions. Those that had offered delayed prescriptions indicated that they thought that parents were generally accepting of these. Clinicians emphasised the importance of providing safety-netting information when not prescribing antibiotics, to ensure the parent knew what they should do if signs of deterioration occurred after leaving the consultation. | 2 | 1clinical
| 1Other
| [
"Pediatrics",
"General Practice"
] |
137,230 | SARS-CoV-2 infection can induce systematic and respiratory disorders (34). The most common symptoms of COVID-19 are high fever, consistent dry cough, and loss of smell and taste sense (10). Several COVID-19 patients showed symptoms of viral pneumonia, such as sore throat, fatigue, and myalgia (11). The most serious cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections have fatal outcomes. The period from the onset of symptoms to death ranges from 6 to 41 days, depending on the vulnerability of the patient (35). | 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Virology"
] |
388,479 | WHO defines severe respiratory distress in children presenting with tachypnea and any of the following: central cyanosis or hypoxemia (oxygen saturation [SpO2] < 90%), grunting, inability to breastfeed or drink, lethargy, unconsciousness, or convulsions.21 Age-specific tachypnea definitions are respiratory rate ≥ 60/min in children < 2 months of age, ≥50/min in children 2–11 months of age, ≥40/min in children 1–5 years of age.21 | 4 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
| [
"Pediatrics"
] |
113,991 | Four groups of mice (n = 15 per group) were used for survival study. After the treatments, the mice recovered soon, and mortality was observed and recorded to 48 h. hUC-MSCs, FTY720, and combinatorial treatment groups had higher survival rate compared with PBS group at 48 h. The survival rate of combination therapy group of FTY720 and hUC-MSCs was higher than other groups at 48 h, although all the differences were not statistically significant (Figure 4). | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Stem Cell Biology",
"Immunology"
] |
372,519 | a In each class, DIR genes involved in segmental duplication (SD) and tandem duplication (TD) were counted. b In each class, the properties of DIR proteins including molecular weight (MW), isoelectric point (pI), and the number of putative N-glycosylation sites (N-gly) were investigated, and the median values were displayed | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Genetics",
"Bioinformatics"
] |
26,985 | Immunocytofluorescence analysis of astrocytic Cx43 expression in the normal group showed that Cx43 was mainly expressed discontinuously in plasma membrane and some in the cytoplasm (Fig. 2, a1). At high magnification, Cx43 was mainly expressed in gap junctions; also, there was some punctate distribution elsewhere (Fig. 2, b1). In the OGD/R group, Cx43 was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm (Fig. 2, a2), with high magnification revealing patchy distributions (Fig. 2, b2). Cytoplasmic Cx43 staining in the OGD/R + SalB group was weaker than that of the OGD/R group but still stronger than that of the control group. Specifically, the OGD/R + SalB group’s gap junction Cx43 expression was similar to that of the control group, but the OGD/R + SalB group’s plasma membrane Cx43 staining was stronger (Fig. 2, a3 and b3). The OGD/R + CBX group exhibited similar staining results, though the gap junction Cx43 distributions typically covered a larger area than in the control and OGD/R + SalB groups (Fig. 2, a4 and b4).Fig. 2Redistribution of astrocytic Cx43 after OGD/R injury and the effects of SalB and CBX. We cultured primary astrocytes and performed cytoimmunofluorescent staining for Cx43. a1 In the normal group, Cx43 was mainly expressed discontinuously in the plasma membrane. b1 At high magnification, Cx43 mainly expressed at the gap junction and some were punctate distributed. a2, b2 In the OGD/R group, Cx43 was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm, which existed in the shape of block and grain. a3, b3 Compared to the OGD/R group, the OGD/R-SalB group exhibited weaker cytoplasmic Cx43 staining but enhanced plasma membrane Cx43 staining. The Cx43 expressed at gap junctions was morphologically similar to that in the normal group. a4, b4 The OGD/R-CBX group exhibited staining results similar to those of the OGD/R-SalB group, though the Cx43 at gap junctions covered a larger area than in the control and OGD/R-SalB groups. Scale bar = 50 μm | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Neuroscience"
] |
179,497 | The total (cumulative) impact factor for a total of 4699 publications was 14,130. The generated IF per department ranged from 1906 to 35. The mean cumulative IF per department was 372 (median 285; IQR 290). The IF per member ranged from 73.3 to 4.9; the mean was 32.0 (median 29.3) per member. As apparent for the sum of publications, the sum of the cumulative impact factor for a department depended on the number of members (correlation coefficient r = 0.762; P < 0.05). A moderate correlation between the number of department members and IF per publication was also apparent (r = 0.451; P < 0.005). | 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Other"
] |
121,370 | Complex IP‐IMRT plans using multiple beam angles and complex intensity modulation not only result in a prolonged treatment time, they also reduce “radiation efficiency” because of the use of many small segments (in static IMRT delivery) and numerous narrow openings (in dynamic IMRT delivery). Inefficient radiation subjects patients to unnecessary exposure because of the increased “indirect” radiation contribution from scatter and leakage dose. Mohan et al. showed that indirect radiation adversely affects the accuracy of treatment delivery. (5) Biologically, the increased exposure from IP‐IMRT may increase the frequency of radiation‐induced secondary malignancies. Hall et al. recently showed that the transition from three‐dimensional (3D) conformal radiation therapy to IP‐IMRT results in a larger volume of normal tissue being exposed to a low dose of radiation, which is estimated to increase the incidence of secondary cancers from 1% to 1.75% at 10 years. (6) | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Radiation Oncology"
] |
344,009 | Systemic steroid therapy is the standard first-line treatment for aGVHD [6–8]. However, in ~35–50% of patients, aGVHD becomes refractory to systemic steroid therapy [9, 10]. Mortality is high and quality of life is poor in these patients, and only one treatment is currently approved for steroid-refractory aGVHD (SR-aGVHD) [7, 11]. This review focuses on the unmet need and current and emerging therapies for patients with SR-aGVHD. | 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
| [
"Immunology",
"Hematology"
] |
230,881 | Of the 635 articles analyzed in the screening process, 554 (87.2%) were published in the last 5 years, since 2014. This reflects the increasing relevance of digitalized postoperative pain management in recent years. Correspondingly, this is apparent in the final pool of 11 articles, with 45% (n=5) published in 2018 and 36% (n=4) published in 2019. Three articles were published in the journal Telemedicine and e-Health , representing the interface between health and informatics. The remaining eight articles were published in various health-related journals. The average 2018 impact factor of the journals was 2.51, with the best-ranked journal at 6.03. | 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Pain management",
"Anesthesiology"
] |
255,861 | Recipe of CNTs@TiN@TiO2 (2/5/10 nm)InstructionNumberValue1Heater141502Heater151503Stabilize15/4Stabilize14/5Wait/72006Pulse40.157Wait/208Pulse30.0159Wait/2010Goto6125/250/50011Flow/512Heater1415013Heater1515014Stabilize15/15Stabilize14/16Wait/60017Pulse40.518Wait/1019Pulse00.0320Wait/1021Goto1740/100/20022Flow/10 | 1 | 2other
| 1Other
| [
"Materials Science",
"Nanotechnology"
] |
254,220 | 5. The data on different SNV patterns in "CH" and "late" mutations are intriguing, although need validation, and leave some aspects open. The tobacco-related "Signature 4" is characterized by C>A mutations with strand bias – was strand bias observed in these data? | 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
| [
"Genetics"
] |
181,872 | The other positive indicator with appropriate complementary feeding practice was advice on breast feeding from health workers. Children whose mothers received breast feeding information from health workers were 3.5 times more likely to practice ACFP than children whose mothers received information from other sources (AOR = 3.5,95 percent, CI: 1.45–8.26) **). | 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Nutrition",
"Pediatrics"
] |
202,222 | According to the logistic regression model, young adults with a higher level of education and young adults who are still in education are less likely to smoke on a daily basis. In contrast, sex and place of residence do not predict whether young adults smoke cigarettes on a daily basis or not (Table 5). | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Epidemiology"
] |
194,774 | The protective allele T of rs492554 enhances the potential binding affinity of transcription factor POU2F1. (A) Genome browser tracks for functional annotation of the upstream and downstream flanking sequences of SESN2 in heart or fetal heart tissues. (B) EMSAs were performed using biotin-labeled double-stranded oligonucleotides for the T and C alleles of rs492554 and nuclear extracts from HEK293T cells and H9c2 cells. 100× molar excess of unlabeled competitor was added in specified lanes. The rs492554 protective T allele drives preferential protein binding. Red 100× refers to the T allele-containing probe. Blue 100× refers to the C allele-containing probe. (C) Peptide of POU2F1 protein identified by mass spectrometry from the shifted protein bands of EMSAs. (D) rs12406992 is located in the putative promoter region of SESN2 and is in strong linkage disequilibrium with rs492554 in the Han population (CHB and CHS). rs492554 and rs12406992 reside within POU2F1 DNA-binding motifs. | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Molecular Biology",
"Genetics"
] |
379,168 | By far, enormous efforts have been done to develop an antiviral agent against CoVs’ entry proteins, polymerases, proteases, and methyl transferases, but none has demonstrated successful clinical trials. Only limited therapeutic results have been obtained using recombinant interferon therapy supported with ribavirin. However, recovered patients’ antibodies and plasma could give scientists a promising dimension to focus on. Additionally, different types of vaccines such as attenuated, inactive, subunit, vector, DNA, or recombinant protein vaccines have also been formulated, and trials have been conducted in animals . All in all, absence of any operative prophylactic or therapeutic approach calls for stringent precautionary measures to control the very transmission as well as reliable prognosis and reporting. As soon as a patient is confirmed to be having the very infection, prompt isolation and supportive treatments should be ensured. All the collected information should also be timely published to spread the awareness and guidance . | 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
| [
"Virology"
] |
112,390 | Adult patients with stage 3 AKI , were included, with or without mechanical ventilation need, on exclusive artificial nutrition (enteral and/or parenteral) at the time of the first IC, and expected to have an ICU stay of at least 3 days. Exclusion criteria were based both on specific comorbidities and on the presence of factors that could interfere with REE measurements accuracy . Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on chronic dialysis or peritoneal dialysis, severe liver failure, pregnancy, head trauma and burns were also excluded. | 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Nephrology"
] |
348,361 | Tubal (or ciliated cell) metaplasia of the endometrium is characterized by ciliated columnar cells with bland round nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm, similar to the cells normally seen lining the fallopian tube . It is generally thought that endometrial tubal metaplasia (ETM) is a benign disease. However, some studies propose ETM to be a potential premalignant endometrial lesion and has an association with endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN), and well-differentiated endometrial carcinoma (EC) . | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Pathology"
] |
252,976 | Flowers from Coreopsis have been used for ethnopharmacological purposes due to its known biological activities including anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic effects. Kim et al. performed metabolic profiling and their inhibitory effect on dipeptidyl peptidase from five original cultivars and mutant cultivars to evaluate the effect of mutation in each species. The results from this study can help to discriminate various cultivars, which could be further processed for dietary supplements . | 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Pharmacology"
] |
279,643 | Total eight detection points were deployed on the radial and ulnar side of the simulated arm (Sawbones, Vashon Island, WA, USA). Six of them were the pressure sensors, as listed at Table 1. Two of them were the temperature and humidity sensors, respectively, as shown in Figure 3. The points of pressure sensors were indicated as P1–P6. | 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Biomechanics",
"Prosthetics"
] |
17,712 | A. NPC-039 cells were injected into the right flank of 6-week-old male nude mice. After injection of NPC-039 cells, nude mice were treated with either vehicle or Polyphyllin G (2 or 4 mg/kg) for 24 days. The growth of the xenograft tumors was referred to the measurement of the long and short dimensions of the tumors, and the calculation of the tumor size were described in the “Materials and methods” section. B. Body weight and C. tumor weight changes of the mice during 24 days of treatment. *P < 0.05, compared to the vehicle. D. Tumor tissues were examined by H&E staining, and immunohistochemical staining with an anti-Ki67 antibody. Original magnifications: 200×. E. The mean value of the Ki67 expression percentage is indicated by a red bar. *p < 0.05, compared to the vehicle groups. | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Oncology"
] |
235,991 | The results of RRMSE(σpx) indicate an error decrease in the patterns, as follows: adjacent 6.16%, due to a more accurate position of the inhomogeneity; and opposite 11.58%, with the deformation-induced rotation of the inverse image suppressed. In adjacent driving, the inhomogeneity area ratio for the desired model was reduced by 0.637 in the complete image; the inhomogeneity area, however, exhibited a larger size, the difference being 0.11. In the opposite option, we reached a significant improvement in terms of both the complete image (by 2.443) and the inhomogeneity area (from 0.274 to 0.763). The results thus indicated that opposite driving is more sensitive to the shape deformations. | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Biomedical Imaging"
] |
91,697 | Of the 195 countries studied, the five highest age‐standardized incidence rates were in New Zealand [54 (95% CI 39–73)], Australia [54 (95% CI 41–78)], Norway [26 (95% CI 18–32)], Sweden [26 (95% CI 20–35)] and the Netherlands [25 (95% CI 17–30)]. The top‐five highest age‐standardized DALY rates were in New Zealand [165 (95% CI 119–228)], Australia [149 (95% CI 111–221)], Norway [107 (95% CI 70–133)], the Netherlands [98 (95% CI 65–120)] and Sweden [97 (95% CI 71–135)] (Fig. 1). Age‐standardized mortality rates were also highest in New Zealand [6 (95% CI 4–8)], Australia [6 (95% CI 4–8)], Norway [4 (95% CI 3–5)], Sweden [4 (95% CI 3–5)] and the Netherlands [3 (95% CI 2–4)]. | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Epidemiology"
] |
254,807 | Sensitivity analyses may explore the use of alternative decision rules, such as varying the minimum report or FDR thresholds, and alternative methodologies, such as replacing BCPNN with the Gamma-Poisson Shrinker (15, 20) or Information Component Temporal Pattern Discovery (21). | 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Bioinformatics"
] |
57,478 | Early hepatic response to obesity reversal. Representative images (A) and weights (B) of livers 14 days after dietary switch (n = 11–12/group). (C) Representative liver hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained histological sections of the three groups. I, II and III are sections from 3 individual mice from the HFF→NC group, demonstrating the variability in this group. (D) Mean area identified as steatotic (n = 4 for NC, HFF and n = 8 for HFF→NC. (E) Quantitative real-time PCR of liver expression of lipid metabolism genes: acetyl CoA carboxylase1 (Acaca), HNG CoA reductase (Hmgcr) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Values are the ΔΔCT values adjusted to Rplp0 and Hprt and are presented as fold of mean NC values (n = 15–16/group, from 4 independent experiments). (F, G and H) Results of pyruvate, fructose and alanine tolerance tests (PTT, FTT and ATT, respectively): twelve days after dietary reversal, mice were injected intraperitoneally with 2 g/kg BW each of the respective metabolites after an overnight fast. Glucose excursions during the following 2 h are shown. Insets are graphs of the calculated area under the curve (AUC). n = 9–10/group for PTT, n = 5–6/group for FTT and ATT). (I and J) Representative blots and densitometry of insulin signaling molecules in the liver. Mice were fasted overnight, and killed 12 min after intraperitoneal injection of 0.2 U/kg insulin. n = 7–12/group, from 2 to 3 independent experiments. *P < 0.05 compared to NC; #P < 0.05 compared to HFF; ** or ##P < 0.01 compared to NC or HFF, respectively; *** or ###P < 0.001 compared to NC or HFF, respectively; n.s. – non-significant (P > 0.05) compared to NC. | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Hepatology"
] |
4,235 | Although exact figures for rates of hysterectomy are difficult to obtain for developing countries it can be assumed to be very high due to the non-availability of levonorgestrel intrauterine system and other medical alternatives due to financial constraints, and as such TAH is often offered by default. This study will shed light on whether it is indeed the most appropriate in terms of health- related quality of life and cost-effectiveness. If it is not, i.e. if NDVH or TLH is better than TAH, it will suggest a change in attitude of gynaecologists, resource allocation from the Ministry of Health and even postgraduate training to lay more emphasis on alternative methods of hysterectomy. | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Gynecology"
] |
141,490 | The Ethics Commission of the University of Heidelberg Medical School approved the study in August 2017. The study was deemed to be without risk, including only anonymized analysis of routinely collected data. Consequently, the Ethics Committee of the University of Heidelberg did not request consent for this analysis. | 1 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
| [
"Research Ethics"
] |
1,402 | The optoelectronic properties of (CH3NH3)3Sb2I9 have been investigated by Hebig et al. recently . The compound has a zero-dimensional dimer structure comprising discrete bi-octahedral metal halide units Sb2I9 3− of face-sharing BI6 octahedra surrounded by CH3NH3 + cations to balance the charge neutrality. The complex anionic clusters are interconnected via hydrogen bonding interactions of the type N–H···I. (CH3NH3)3Sb2I9 was prepared via a solution-based deposition method from CH3NH3I and SbI3 at low temperatures (100–120 °C). The peak absorption coefficient is approximately 105 cm−1 and thereby in a similar range compared to the lead-based analogue . The optical band gap was determined to be 2.14 eV assuming a direct band transition. (CH3NH3)3Sb2I9 was implemented as absorber material in planar heterojunction solar cells (ITO/PEDOT:PSS/(CH3NH3)2Sb2I9 (300 nm)/PC61BM/ZnO-NP/Al) to yield a V OC of 890 mV, a J SC of 1.1 mA cm−2, a FF of 55%, and a PCE of ca. 0.5% (Fig. 10). In addition, a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of about 12%, and only little hysteresis in planar perovskite solar cells are reported . The authors attributed this low photocurrent density to an inefficient charge extraction, which might be improved using mesoporous scaffolds.Fig. 10 a J–V curves of (CH3NH3)3Sb2I9-based perovskite solar cells scanned in forward and reverse direction, and b corresponding EQE spectra including a reference device without absorber material. Adapted with permission from . Copyright (2016) American Chemical Society | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Materials Science",
"Chemistry"
] |
160,043 | However, for school-aged population, a total of 375,374 were infected, requiring 2,685,618 drugs for preventive chemotherapy. Ten LGAs in the central and western part of the state had over 10,000 infected school-aged children, and requires over 100,000 albendazole or mebendazole tablets each, for mass administration campaigns. The highest number of infected school-aged children (56,556) were estimated for Ado-Odo Ota LGA, requiring a total of 404,123 albendazole or mebendazole tablets. The least number of infected school-aged population (3118) were estimated for Ijebu North-east, requiring 21,980 tablets. | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Epidemiology",
"Parasitology"
] |
111,438 | Infection occurs in all age groups but rarely affects children or the elderly (older than 60 years of age). The male to female ratio is 3 to 1. The cervicofacial region is involved in 60% of cases, as compared to 15% and 20% for thoracic and abdominal regions, respectively . The patient in our case had cervicofacial actinomycosis, therefore our discussion will focus on this form of the disease. | 3 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
| [
"Infectious diseases"
] |
337,957 | Differences in experimental designs can only partially account for such conflicting results. First, response modulations elicited by stimuli with negative valence such as fearful faces are different from those elicited by other negative valence stimuli such as angry or sad faces because they communicate diverse messages . Second, stimulus arousal is often not considered, even though this dimension of emotional stimuli has an impact on response modulation . However, in our view, the factor that mostly affects previous results is the task-relevance of emotional stimuli. In most studies, the emotional content of the stimuli was irrelevant with respect to the task instructions. Under these conditions, the influences of emotions on motor behavior are highly subjective and variable. Furthermore, in the cases in which the emotional valence of facial images was used as a cue for motor responses in a Go/No-go task , participants were required to move on one emotional facial expression (e.g., happy faces) and to withhold their actions on a different emotional expression (e.g., angry faces) and vice versa. Therefore, since two different responses had to be performed according to the stimulus valence, the modulation of action readiness was conflated with task switching. Importantly, these studies lack a control condition in which emotional faces, i.e., stimuli with the same visual features, are presented, but are task-irrelevant . | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Neuroscience"
] |
78,257 | To characterize the cell death induced by PARP-1 and APR-246, we first determined whether the cell death is prompted by necrosis. Treatment with PHEN and/or APR-246 could not influence the expression of receptor interacting protein (RIP) kinases RIP1, RIP3, and phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5 (PGAM5), critical constituents triggering programmed necrosis (necroptosis) (Figure 2A). PHEN and/or APR-246 associated cell death or cell viability was not affected by the pretreatment with necrostatin-1 (Nec-1), a selective RIP1 inhibitor (Figure 2B), suggesting that PHEN and APR-246 at the current dosages (10 uM and 40 uM respectively) are unable to induce necroptosis. Autophagy was reported to be associated with non-apoptotic programmed cell death and PRIMA-1 was reported to be able to induce autophagy at a relatively high concentration . We asked whether PHEN could enhance APR-246-induced cell death by promoting autophagy. Consistently, immunoblot assay showed that autophagy related gene 8 (ATG8), also called light chain 3 (LC3), underwent a conversion from the LC3-I isoform to the LC3-II isoform in APR-246-treated cells, indicating the induction of autophagy (Figure 2A). Autophagosome/autolysosome formation was observed in UMSCC14/GFP-LC3 cells treated with APR-246 (Figure 2C). However, PHEN could neither induce autophagy alone nor enhance APR-246-induced autophagy (Figure 2A & 2C), suggesting that PHEN-promoted cell death in APR-246-treated cells is not caused by autophagy. | 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Cell biology"
] |
303,537 | For DNA extraction, DNA Mini Kit (Qiagen, Netherlands) was used. DNA recovered from the aforementioned process was chemically converted using EpiTectPlus DNA Bisulfite Kit (Qiagen, Netherlands), in order to turn unmethylated cytosines to uracil for detection by methylation-specific PCR. Next, the bisulfite-treated DNA was subjected to PCR for detection of the methylated and unmethylated MEST, IGF2, and PEG10 alleles (Table II). Samples containing no DNA were used as a negative control, whereas for positive control, bisulfite-treated DNA from peripheral blood was used. | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Molecular Biology",
"Epigenetics"
] |
164,619 | Lines 604-635: Authors discuss differential recruitment of spinal neurons as a function of 'speed'. However, the studies cited looked at the recruitment of neurons as a function of frequency. It has recently become clear that speed can be changed even without changing swim frequency and that MNs are recruited as a function of forward speed and not frequency (Jha and Thirumalai 2020). | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Neuroscience"
] |
39,370 | The transcript profiles of B-PpRR genes were also investigated in the dormant floral buds of Japanese pear ‘Kosui’ (P. pyrifolia) . Four B-PpRR genes, B-PpRR9/6/7/8, showed significant differences in transcript levels among different stages. Among these genes, B-PpRR9/6/7 showed increased transcript levels during endodormancy release, while B-PpRR8 showed the opposite transcript profile. The transcript profiles of these genes in ‘Kosui’ pear were similar to those in ‘Suli’, suggesting their conserved functions in regulating bud dormancy in Chinese pear and Japanese pear. | 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Plant Genetics"
] |
277,228 | The histopathological structure of CA3 regions of the hippocampus and dentate gyrus (DG) and was assessed in this study as they are involved in controlling the mood. The CA3 region consists of three cell layers: the molecular, polymorphic, and pyramidal layers. The latter is formed of several layers of pyramidal nerve cells with basophilic cytoplasm and large open-face nuclei. The hippocampus of STZ-induced diabetic rats showed significantly thinner (42.17 ± 5.51, vs. 82.17 ± 5.53, p < 0.001) pyramidal cell layer compared to the control rats and many degenerated pyramidal cells with dark cytoplasm and nuclei. Treatment of diabetic rats with ginger, cinnamon, or the combination of these alleviated these pathological changes, reduced the number of degenerated cells, and significantly increased (p = 0.004, p = 0.002, p < 0.001), the thickness (61.67 ± 10.78, 60.00 ± 9.78, 76.33 ± 3.92 vs. 42.17 ± 5.51) of the pyramidal cell layer, respectively. The combination of ginger and cinnamon had the most significant effect compared to the other two treated groups (Figure 3). | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Neuroanatomy",
"Neuroscience"
] |
380,073 | The excessive accumulation of ROS may promote plant cell death. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a major type of ROS. Here, we assayed if His-TF-RcMEP2 protein triggers H2O2 excessive accumulation when infiltrated in the N. benthamiana leaves. The diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining for H2O2 detection was observed and photographed under a stereomicroscope. As shown in Figure 8, H2O2 excessive generation was detected from 15 min to 12 h after infiltration with His-TF-RcMEP2, mainly concentrated in the veins and stomata of the treated N. benthamiana leaves. The highest accumulation of H2O2 occurred at 30 min after infiltration, suggesting that the excessive generation of H2O2 triggered by RcMEP2 is rapid. Nonetheless, no obvious accumulation of H2O2 appeared in the veins and stomata of His-TF infiltrated leaves (Figure 8). | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Plant molecular biology"
] |
36,005 | From imprecision data it was demonstrated that the ETP, Peak thrombin generation and TTP parameters were significantly different between deficient plasma and 0.1% (v/v) normal in deficient plasmas (p<0.01). Limit of detection of the assay is therefore set to ≤0.1% (v/v) normal in HA or HB plasma. | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Hematology",
"Coagulation"
] |
125,529 | Impacts of organic and conventional tea farming methods on residual levels of NEOs in Japanese tea leaves were evaluated by comparing the detection frequencies and distribution frequencies of NEOs among the two farming methods (Table 2 and Fig. 1). Interestingly, all the target NEOs were detected with appreciable frequencies in both organic and conventional tea leaves (Table 2). Particularly, significant detections of thiacloprid, dinotefuran, dm-acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin and imidacloprid were observed in the organic JAS tea leaves (Dfs of 60.98 %, 58.54 %, 56.10 %, 51.22 %, 36.59 % and 34.15 % respectively). This finding was considered puzzling in that, the JAS criteria for organic tea farming involves strict compliance with stringent measures and/ legislations that are well-instituted to reduce insecticidal residues in food to negligible levels (Table S5). Plausibly, the observed prevalence rates of NEOs in organic tea leaves were because of contaminations from soils, interstitial/ground water, or as a result of contamination from surface water used form irrigational activities. Previous studies have highlighted NEO contaminations in agricultural soils and urban soils [, , ]. Other studies have also reported soil erosion-related transport of NEOs in agricultural fields; and NEO contaminations in waters/sediments systems . Although the JAS organic tea farming criteria requires a 2–3-year fallow period for pre-cultivated soils , such periods may not necessarily guarantee absolute depletions of chemicals which have long half-lives in soils. Neonicotinoids compounds have varying half-lives (t1⁄2) in soils; with clothianidin having the longest (13–1386 days). This is followed by imidacloprid (t1⁄2 = 104–228 days), dinotefuran (t1⁄2 = 82 days), thiamethoxam (t1⁄2 = 7–72 days) and thiacloprid (t1⁄2 = 9–27 days) (Table S4, . Acetamiprid has the shortest soil half-life (t1⁄2 = 4–7 days); perhaps, this explains its low detection rates in the tea leaves.Fig. 1Distribution of mean concentrations of neonicotinoids in tea leaves.Fig. 1Fig. 2A&B: Multiple neonicotinoid detections in (A) the overall green tea samples (n = 103), (B) organic verses conventional tea leaves (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article).Fig. 2 | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Environmental Toxicology"
] |
131,304 | Total RNA was isolated with Trizol reagent (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and reverse‐transcribed with EASTWIN system according to the manufacturer's instructions. The expression levels of GLUT1 and HK2 were detected by real‐time quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) using StepOne real‐time PCR system (Applied Biosystems) and β‐actin was used as an internal reference gene. The primers used for amplification in this study are summarized in Table 1 (Generay Biotech). | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Molecular Biology"
] |
356,121 | In your Competing Interests statement, please confirm that your commercial funding does not alter your adherence to PLOS ONE Editorial policies and criteria by including the following statement: "This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.” as detailed online in our guide for authors http://journals.plos.org/plosone/s/competing-interests. If this statement is not true and your adherence to PLOS policies on sharing data and materials is altered, please explain how. | 1 | 2other
| 1Other
| [
"Publishing and Research Ethics"
] |
379,091 | The findings of this study suggest that concurrent therapy with icotinib and RT was well tolerated and tended to improve survival in older patients with ESCC. Patients with EGFR overexpression seemed to benefit more from icotinib with RT. A phase III trial to further identify the efficacy of icotinib with RT is forthcoming. | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Oncology"
] |
283,647 | Telomeres are repeated DNA-sequences (TTAGGG)n associated with a protein complex known as shelterin at the ends of chromosomes. The fundamental role of telomeres is to preserve genome stability . Loss of telomere functionality is associated with activation of DNA damage response machinery that can result in chromosome end-to-end fusions and instability . Human genetic defects that impair telomere length maintenance cause premature age-related diseases, including dyskeratosis congenita, Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) . | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Molecular Biology",
"Genetics"
] |
108,471 | In both human and yeast, RAS is activated in response of the presence of growth and pro-survival signals, specifically growth factors in the case of human RAS and glucose in the case of yeast RAS . Though RAS stimulates growth, meant as an increase in cell number, these effects are not always achieved in the same way in human and yeast due to the different level of organism complexity. RAS stimulates cell cycle progression associated with increase in cell size and protein synthesis (Figure 9). However, in the case of human, cell population growth is also promoted by inhibiting apoptosis and stimulating accessory processes such as angiogenesis . | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Molecular Biology",
"Cell Signaling"
] |
256,340 | A recent study by Chin et al. (18) reported that SARS-CoV-2 survived at room temperature with 65% relative humidity for 7 days on plastic surfaces and 7 days on stainless steel surfaces before complete inactivation, was infectious on glass for 2 days, and was completely undetectable after 4 days. During the outbreak, SARS-Cov-2 was detected in garbage cans, on the floor, on computer mice used by doctors and nurses, in corridors, and on handrails of hospital beds in high-risk areas of the hospital (6). | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Virology"
] |
267,242 | I feel like it’s just been a leaflet and that’s kind of it. I don’t think I’ve ever asked, you know, what is it that goes into this, tell me the actual ingredients in a layman’s way that I’m going to understand. I feel like if I did ask, I’m not sure how well they’d actually be able to tell me as well (Stacey, Non‐Vaccinator). | 1 | 2other
| 1Other
| [
"Vaccinology"
] |
127,816 | Finally, we analyzed whether R848 + poly(I:C) increased the specific migration of DCs toward the chemokines CCL-19 and CCL-21. pDCs migrated toward CCL-19 only upon activation with R848 + poly(I:C) (52.3 ± 5.4%). For cDCs, TLR-activation increased migration from 44.9 ± 4.8% to 83.5 ± 3.6% (p = 0.031) upon TLR activation. Similar results were obtained for CCL-21 (Fig. 5f, g). | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Immunology"
] |
345,449 | As a result, branch order analysis or Sholl analysis can then be extracted. The detailed segmental and topological analysis of different compartments within the dendritic tree is crucial to find subtle morphological differences, which cannot be obtained by analyzing general data about neuron morphology (e.g., Groc et al., 2003; Benavides-Piccione et al., 2020). | 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Neuroscience"
] |
15,814 | Specifications tableTableSubject areaEngineering, Materials ScienceMore specific subject areaAdditive ManufacturingType of dataTable, figureHow data was acquiredDesign of Experiments, ThermocoupleData formatRaw, AnalyzedExperimental factorsThe samples were 3D printed based on the experimental design factor treatments in a completely randomized fashion.Experimental featuresFor geometrical fidelity optimization, the effects of different values of two factors (layer thickness (LT) and binder dispensing frequency (Fr)) on height and diameter of 3D printed cylinders were studied. The effects of factors on all three responses were simultaneously investigated using desirability function method.For measurement of powder-bed’s temperature a thermocouple was used.The crosslinking kinetics of 100:2 silicone binder was studied using a DSC at isothermal temperatures of 85, 90, 95, and 100 oC.A handheld durometer was used for Shore 00 hardness tests.Data source locationMulti-Scale Additive Manufacturing Laboratory, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.Data accessibilityThis article.Related research articleLiravi et al., 2018 | 2 | 2other
| 0Study
| [
"Other"
] |
268,443 | One patient from each group required intubation within the first hour from surfactant administration due to clinical features of respiratory distress. All the patients experienced fast clinical improvement independent of the surfactant administration method, and the reduction of FiO2 concentration was most dynamic within the first 3 hours (Fig. 3). | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Neonatology",
"Respiratory Medicine"
] |
252,214 | The transport behavior of water molecules in the simulation models was observed via MD simulation. In the calculation period, the number of water molecules was tracked and recorded in each of the parts. In other words, the time-course curves for the number of water molecules as a function of time within the channel simulation model were obtained via the NVT MD simulations. Alterations of the water molecules were observed to analyze the permeation behaviors of the simulation system. The osmotic pressure is considered the driving force of the FO process, and in this work the osmotic pressure was calculated using the Van’t Hoff equation. Then, in order to predict the water permeability, the slope of the curve for water molecules was adopted and used to calculate the permeability via Equation (1). (1)permeability mol m/(m2s Pa]=ΔN LA Δt ΔπNA | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Biophysics"
] |
385,305 | (*) Means (n = 8) in the same column followed by different uppercase letters are significantly different between treatment groups within the same evaluation period. Means (n = 8) in the same column followed by different lowercase letters are significantly different comparing the same treatment group among evaluations periods. Pairwise multiple comparisons were conducted with Tukey HSD test at P < 0.05. (**) Confidence level. | 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Biostatistics"
] |
358,673 | ‘[I]t boils down to being disciplined uh, you act professionally even though you maybe you may differ in which other way, some of the other things that people do but you try and like supress your emotions, you compromise, something’s are hard to solve, you have to compromise | 1 | 2other
| 1Other
| [
"Other"
] |
188,402 | In order to further explore the loss mechanism of the three-layer structure foam material, we can observe the change trend of the tg δε and tg δμ values of the six samples through Figure 7e,f. The value of tg δε shows an upward trend with the change of frequency. The value of tg δμ has an obvious upward trend at the beginning, and then tends to decrease. In the range of 2–8 GHz, tg δμ is much larger than tg δε, indicating that in this frequency range, magnetic loss is the main mechanism. In the range of 8–18 GHz, tg δε is greater than tg δμ, indicating that the loss mechanism has changed from magnetic loss to dielectric loss. | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Materials Science",
"Electromagnetism"
] |
348,364 | Scattered patterns or focal expression of p16 positive cells in serous EC and tubal tissue was described by several authors. They describe a pattern which is not seen in normal tissue and is different from diffuse p16 positivity as seen in high-risk HPV positive cervical intraepithelial lesions . Inoue reported that endometrial metaplasia, in general, was a precursor of variant types of endometrial carcinomas, based on the p53, PCNA, and ki67 overexpression in EC and endometrial metaplasia and the fact that EC are often accompanied by adjacent metaplastic epithelium . However, it is, for now, not a generally accepted view that endometrial metaplasia is a precursor of endometrial cancer. | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Oncology",
"Gynecology"
] |
383,679 | We analyzed data from 40,288 deceased donor primary liver transplantations reported to CTS and performed from January 1st, 1998 to December 31st, 2017 in adult patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis or cirrhosis due to HCV and HCC. Less frequent original diseases such as autoimmune disorders, cryptogenic cirrhosis, congenital diseases, hepatitis B, metabolic disorders, primary biliary cirrhosis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis were analyzed as a separate group. Patients with missing data on CIT, transplanted because of acute hepatic failure, recipients of organs from <18-year-old donors, split liver or multi-organ transplants were excluded. The MELD score was available to CTS after 2006. | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Hepatology",
"Transplantation"
] |
193,875 | An invoice for payment will follow shortly after the formal acceptance. To ensure an efficient process, please log into Editorial Manager at http://www.editorialmanager.com/pone/, click the 'Update My Information' link at the top of the page, and double check that your user information is up-to-date. If you have any billing related questions, please contact our Author Billing department directly at [email protected]. | 1 | 2other
| 1Other
| [
"Publishing administration"
] |
315,253 | All studies are done by uniformly releasing several microparticles from the inlet of the microchannel and subsequently tracking their trajectories to determine SE and SP; this approach has been previously adopted by researchers . One of the assumptions of this model is that the microparticles do not experience Brownian motion. This assumption is acceptable as long as the microparticles are greater than 1 μm as established in literature . Additionally, it is assumed that there is no particle-to-particle interaction inside the microchannel and this is a reasonable assumption as long as the sample handled in the microfluidic device is dilute and it is often the case when employing microfluidic devices . | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Microfluidics"
] |
264,335 | TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen, CA, USA) was used to isolate total RNA from cells and tissues according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The cDNA was generated with random primers and amplified with a One Step PrimeScript RT-PCR Kit (Takara, Dalian, China). qPCR was performed using SYBR® Premix Ex Taq Kit (Takara, Dalian, China) and ran on the Roche LightCycler®480 system following manufacturer’s instructions. GAPDH was used for normalization of qPCR data. The primer sequences were listed in supplementary Table S1. Relative expression values from three independent experiments were calculated following the 2−ΔΔCt method . | 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Molecular Biology"
] |
350,668 | Generalized GA has been shown to occur in the setting of lymphomas, leukemias, myelodysplasias, and visceral malignancies, though the temporal relationship between presentation of GA and of the malignancy has not always been constant. 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 It has also been associated with diabetes, thyroid disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, and other autoimmune conditions. 4 , 5 , 6 However, attempts to determine the pathophysiology of the disease or to evaluate the association between leukemias and GA have not yielded conclusive information. Cell‐mediated delayed hypersensitivity to a yet unknown antigen, which results in the production of immunologically active cytokines and related molecules, is one potential explanation for the granulomatous inflammation and skin eruptions seen in generalized GA. 7 While eosinophils have often been found in histopathologic studies of generalized GA, their relegation to the periphery of granulomatous lesions and the lack of association between the number of eosinophils—or their absence altogether—and the type and symptomatology of GA suggest that the pathophysiology of GA does not significantly involve eosinophilic activation. 6 , 8 , 9 Similar variability is seen both across and within GA subtypes in the depth to which GA affects the dermis dermal depth. While many cases of generalized GA involve both the papillary and reticular dermis, the predominance of the disease to the papillary dermis visualized in our patient is not an uncommon histologic presentation. 8 | 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
| [
"Dermatology",
"Immunology"
] |
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