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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14508096,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15901852,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22442756,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18451231,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23994756,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15627018,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23301832,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15163844,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18980246,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17728765,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17041625,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23261661 | Which is the molecular target of the immunosuppressant drug Rapamycin? | The molecular target of Rapamycin is mTOR |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10323247,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16302872,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18625963,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23182620,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21937445,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14640909,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12458027,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17044971,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19464834,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19818940,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9677360,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18246739,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10446744,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16260777,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18640800,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10363917,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10716662,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10472660 | Is the protein KCNQ2 associated with idiopathic epilepsy? | Yes, sequence variations of the KCNQ2 gene may contribute to the etiology of idiopathic epilepsy |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21797865,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18953111,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21504115,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21739113,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20164561,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18672400,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18625454,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16370917,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22592705,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20545360,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22747493,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21232050,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19742190,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22403554 | PBT2 has been tested for which disorder? | PBT2 has been tested for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18513436,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9502319,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12566463,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3115977,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8683598,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8589603,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15186484,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3929246,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11297418,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/402951 | What is the basic secondary structure of the variable domains of a typical antibody? | The variable domains of heavy and light chains of antibodies consist of two β-sheets. The first one is composed of four strands, A, B, E and D, and the second one is composed of six strands, named A', G, F, C, C' and C''. The antigen binding site is formed by the inter-strand links BC, C′C″ and FG from each domain. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20173741,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21737484,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20442245,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17099711,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19956686,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22133303,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17613553,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24035705,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22249255,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20736368,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21098650,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18403637 | How does long-range epigenetic silencing (LRES) occur? | Long Range Epigenetic Silencing (LRES) is a mechanism of gene inactivation that affects multiple contiguous CpG islands and has been described in different human cancer types.Long Range Epigenetic Silencing (LRES) is a mechanism of gene inactivation that affects multiple contiguous CpG islands and has been described in different human cancer types. Loss of tumour suppressor gene function can occur as a result of epigenetic silencing of large chromosomal regions, referred to as long-range epigenetic silencing (LRES), and genome-wide analyses have revealed that LRES is present in many cancer types. LRES can span megabases of DNA and involves broad heterochromatin formation accompanied by hypermethylation of clusters of contiguous CpG islands within the region. It is not clear if LRES is initiated by one critical gene target that spreads and conscripts innocent bystanders, analogous to large genetic deletions or if coordinate silencing of multiple genes is important in carcinogenesis. Consolidation of the cancer genome into domains of repressive chromatin by long-range epigenetic silencing (LRES) reduces transcriptional plasticity. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22791552,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19396027,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11694546 | What is the mode of inheritance of Acromicric dysplasia? | Acromicric dysplasia has an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17855633,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23395899,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18004386,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17132145,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20943989,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15964997,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15827195,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16624367 | Can RNAPolII function as an RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase? | RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is a well-characterized DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, which has also been reported to have RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) activity. Pol II can use a homopolymeric RNA template, can extend RNA by several nucleotides in the absence of DNA, and has been implicated in the replication of the RNA genomes of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) and plant viroids. The RdRP activity of Pol II provides a missing link in molecular evolution, because it suggests that Pol II evolved from an ancient replicase that duplicated RNA genomes.There is, however, evidence that Pol II also possesses RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) activity. Here we show the intrinsic RdRP activity of Pol II with only pure polymerase, an RNA template-product scaffold and nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs). RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is a well-characterized DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, which has also been reported to have RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) activity. We conclude that influenza A virus replication requires RNAP-II activity not just to provide capped mRNA substrates but also to facilitate nuclear export of selected viral mRNAs.RNA polymerase II acts as an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase to extend and destabilize a non-coding RNA |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23388847,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23021657,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22322786,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22404517,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20485704,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20429828,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19490560 | Which are the best treatment options to treat Helicobacter pylori? | The best treatment options for eradication of Helicobacter pylori involve triple or quadruple drugs therapy with different types of antibiotics.
Bismuth may be also an additional option. Proton pump inhibitors are also included in treatment.
The more effective drug list includes: amoxicillin, claritromycin, metronidazole rifabutin.
Also chitosan microspheres with Eudragit L100 have been tested. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22206666,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20951118,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17002572,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15199066 | List sclerostin interaction partners. | alkaline phosphatase
carbonic anhydrase
gremlin-1
fetuin A
midkine
annexin A1
annexin A2
collagen α1
casein kinase II
secreted frizzled related protein 4
Phex
asporin
follistatin
erbB-3
LRP5
noggin |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15261145,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19245654,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14651849,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24173372,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18439900,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16483933,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17041622 | Under which conditions does AMPK phosphorylate TSC2? | The AMP-activated serine/threonine protein kinase (AMPK) is a sensor of cellular energy status found in all eukaryotes, and it is activated under conditions of low intracellular ATP following stresses such as nutrient deprivation or hypoxia.The AMP-activated serine/threonine protein kinase (AMPK) is a sensor of cellular energy status found in all eukaryotes that is activated under conditions of low intracellular ATP following stresses such as nutrient deprivation or hypoxia. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11109603,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19242563,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19723768,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11331153,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8519147 | What imaging modalities have been listed as method of choice to diagnose CSF leak? | CT cisternography in the investigation of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea. CTC is an accurate, well-tolerated procedure and should be regarded as the method of choice for investigation of this condition.
...unenhanced (three-dimensional constructive interference in steady state (3D-CISS)...In conclusion, 3D-CISS is a non-invasive and reliable technique, and should be the first-choice method to localise CSF leak. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18923675,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18457591,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22467916,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10689191,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22199385,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20167116 | Which are currently available software tools for detecting rare codon clusters in coding sequences? | Rare codon clusters (RCCs) correspond to regions along mRNA sequences where among the possible choices of synonymous codons those with lower usage are observed. Due to the fact that relative codon frequencies have been shown to correlate with their cognate tRNA frequencies, RCCs indicate possible translational attenuation sites. A few tools specific for this task have been described in the literature, namely: LaTcOm, %MinMax, PAUSE, Sherlocc, Sliding Window (RiboTempo) |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15015574,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20180637,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16800725,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11006094,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21072173,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12725528,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12439719,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17275179,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23093268,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15516960,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18627305,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14710225,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16829021,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20354523,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20103546,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21741862,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17210241,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21596022,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11522960,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15192120,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10662548,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11177570,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16800742,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1697365,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15588589,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20574445,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16170411,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12439720,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11258672,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16800744,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12925213,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12727843,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11478802 | How many tissue kallikrein genes are present in the human genome? | Tissue kallikreins (KLKs) are a group of closely related serine proteinases that are represented by multigene families in the human genome. The human tissue kallikrein gene family consists of 15 genes, denoted KLK1–KLK15, tandemly arranged on chromosomal locus 19q13.4. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18922117,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17463177,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23074401,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17140367,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16361546,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17039265 | Does the Oncotype DX test work with paraffin embedded tissues? | Yes, the Oncotype DX test works with paraffin embedded tissue. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23150255,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22780989,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20219941,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21628529,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19369356,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18219272,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21606361,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20159591,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19109133,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21550623 | Where does CTCF colocalize with cohesin? | Cohesin subunits associate with viral and cellular CTCF sites involved in complex gene regulation and chromatin organization. Cohesin cobinds across the genome with transcription factors independently of CTCF, plays a functional role in estrogen-regulated transcription, and may help to mediate tissue-specific transcriptional responses via long-range chromosomal interactions.
Numerous CTCF/cohesin sites potentially form the bases of the multiloop rosette structures at the Igh locus that compact during Ig heavy chain rearrangement. Cohesins colocalize with CTCF at two additional imprinted loci, the Dlk1-Dio3 and the Kcnq1/Kcnq1ot1 loci. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21121997,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10328278,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24099834,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25550705,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3469966,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9417174,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21519777,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17595443,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19571457,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14644703,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22332852,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25515801,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23935638,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24620429,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24379094,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7424767 | Name triad of Wernicke encephalopathy. | Wernicke's encephalopathy is a triad of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and confusion seen in alcoholics with dietary vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21542789,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19445664,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20498205,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21752868,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16309943,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19034456,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20604892,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21607711,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16380915,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18240242,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20398001,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15883854,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20032229,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19404967,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19856886,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20707220,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19950324,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18305142,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16320352,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19648126,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20061955,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19324521,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23242182,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19365265,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18535030,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18812394,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21545847,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21614018,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18398946,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17341507,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21784728,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20560812,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22661644,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18156150,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17666451,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16257177,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20921970,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18648537,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21360494,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20353580,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22427951,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18462498,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20017985 | Is the PTPN22 gene a biomarker for Rheumatoid Arthritis? | Most association studies have indeed confirmed an association between mutations at the PTPN22 gene and rheumatoid arthritisThe PTPN22 gene has been repeatedly associated with RA-susceptibility in populations of European ancestry. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15801396,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23160887,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23299821,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18025032,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16832776,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22150621,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22107013,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15297005,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1992832,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15060269,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8944217,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12412838,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11462796,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15716544,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11811864,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17432216 | Is marijuana use associated with increased risk for stroke? | Yes, the use of marijuana is associated with increased risk for ischemic stroke, especially in young adults. The mechanisms underlying such association remain largely unclear, but increased vascular reactivity and increased cerebrovascular resistance were implicated. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18221109,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19503748,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17707769,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14592807,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17526017,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24521037,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20961976,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18005397 | How many and which are the different isoforms for the ryanodine receptor? | Generally, three ryanodine receptor isoforms (RyR1-RyR3) are known. RyR1, expressed in skeletal muscle; RyR2, expressed in cardiac muscle; and RyR3, expressed in various cells. RyR3 is preferentially expressed in the brain especially in the hippocampus and striatum. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25656366,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24511132,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22806357,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21419746,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20558727 | Which compound is a specific inhibitor for Nox1 and Nox4? | GKT136901 is a specific inhibitor of Nox1 and Nox4. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24194526,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25108619,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25079039,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22084392,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21048425,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21154167,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23041424,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22699287,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23729309 | Which molecule is targeted by the drug Gevokizumab? | Gevokizumab is an allosteric anti-IL-1β monoclonal antibody. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9350040,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1849481 | Which protein phosphatases have been found to dephosphorylate phospholamban? | The protein phosphatases which dephosphorylate native, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)-associated phospholamban were studied in cardiac muscle extracts and in a Triton fraction prepared by detergent extraction of myofibrils, the latter fraction containing 70-80% of the SR-associated proteins present in the tissue. At physiological concentrations of free Mg2+ (1 mM), protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) accounted for approximately 70% of the total phospholamban phosphatase activity in these fractions towards either Ser-16 (the residue labelled by cAMP-dependent protein kinase, PK-A) or Thr-17 (the residue phosphorylated by an SR-associated Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase). Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) accounted for the remainder of the activity. The protein phosphatases which dephosphorylate native, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)-associated phospholamban were studied in cardiac muscle extracts and in a Triton fraction prepared by detergent extraction of myofibrils, the latter fraction containing 70-80% of the SR-associated proteins present in the tissue. At physiological concentrations of free Mg2+ (1 mM), protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) accounted for approximately 70% of the total phospholamban phosphatase activity in these fractions towards either Ser-16 (the residue labelled by cAMP-dependent protein kinase, PK-A) or Thr-17 (the residue phosphorylated by an SR-associated Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase). Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) accounted for the remainder of the activity. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1993703,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2513486,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1712333,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1915889,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7901430,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6194440 | What is the most prominent sequence consensus for the polyadenylation site? | Functional polyadenylation [poly(A)] sites consist of two sequence elements, the AAUAAA and G/U box signals, that closely flank the site of mRNA 3'-end formation. The canonical polyadenylation signal sequence AATAAA |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24458521 | Does fibronectin constitute a serum biomarker for Duchenne muscular dystrophy? | Compared to age-matched controls, fibronectin levels in DMD patients were found to be significantly increased, whereas in patients with Becker muscular dystrophy, Bethlem myopathy, or myasthenia gravis were close to the control levels. Additionally, progressive elevation in fibronectin levels was observed in longitudinal samples from DMD patients followed up for a period of 6 months up to 4 years. Therefore, fibronectin is a serum biomarker for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.Fibronectin is a serum biomarker for Duchenne muscular dystrophy |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11241044,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16003132,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19214283,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11007230 | What colonoscopy findings have been reported in autism | Endoscopy trials have demonstrated a higher prevalence of nonspecific colitis, lymphoid hyperplasia and focally enhanced gastritis compared with controls. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25968230,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25387963,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26301226,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26195786,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26417545,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25715079,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26015579 | What is a disordered protein? | Intrinsically disordered proteins lack stable tertiary and/or secondary structures under physiological conditions in vitro. Intrinsically disordered proteins undergo significant conformational transitions to well folded forms only on binding to partner. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19250647,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18254933,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21666599,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22319573,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17624551,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16508633,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15861397,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17643306,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22305159,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21429299,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19101520,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19956621,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18721877,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20405012,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18034187,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24086079 | What is the Drosophila melanogaster Groucho protein? | Groucho proteins are abundant and broadly expressed nuclear factors that lack intrinsic DNA-binding activity but can interact with a variety of DNA-binding proteins. The recruitment of Groucho to specific gene regulatory sequences results in transcriptional repression.
Groucho (Gro) is a Drosophila melanogaster transcriptional corepressor. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24409321,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25441685,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23545855,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26332545,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26332546,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21062983,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25627551,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22906540,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20048334,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25120190,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24097866 | Which enzyme is inhibited by Imetelstat? | Imetelstat works by inhibiting telomerase. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3558369,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16606828,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6884360,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9207015,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11087417,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18567810,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8441638,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21163962,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8441637,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9925782,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8772199,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16926025,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1598200,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12787669,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9576871,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16472822,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16681387,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7473738,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23528166 | What is the catalytic mechanism of DNA (cytosine-5) methyltransferases? | The catalytic mechanism of the DNA (Cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase involves nucleophilic attack of the C6 of the substrate cytosine by the single conserved cysteine of the enzyme, followed by C5 nucleophilic replacement of the methyl group of the cofactor S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) to produce 5-methyl-6-Cys-81-S-5,6-dihydrocytosine. It has been also demonstrated that Phe and Glu, which are found in the catalytic motifs I and II of the enzyme are important for AdoMet binding and catalysis. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23409955,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21770924,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20845763,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20876469,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21277190,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22709267,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21062273,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24315539,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21364700,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24189369,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21762454,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22787616,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20887364,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22596016,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22612257,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21967765,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19557857,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24095819,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24170257,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18469812,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20493457,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20887371,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23531706,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22787626,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22722545,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21753172,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21204804 | Are mutations in the STXBP1 gene associated with epilepsy? | Yes,mutations in STXBP1 gene, encoding the syntaxin binding protein 1, have been recently described in Ohtahara syndrome, or early infantile epileptic encephalopathy with suppression-burst pattern, and in other early-onset epileptic encephalopathies. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21525416,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18001136,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9817749,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23986774,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23701727,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15971989,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20534344 | What is the mechanism of action of geldanamycin? | Geldanamycin is an ansamycin antibiotic which holds the ability to bind heat-shock protein 90. This interaction can lead to the disruption of heat-shock protein 90-containing multimolecular complexes. Additionally, it can induce inhibition or even degradation of partner proteins dissociated from the 90 kDa chaperone and, eventually, cause apoptosis in a variety of cell types. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21881980,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18420660,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22379032,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19854715,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21177290 | Which is the most widely used anti-TNF drug? | Etanercept is the most widely used anti-TNF drug. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2819350,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23070994,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22012422,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10342392,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12839599 | What is the association between number of pregnancies and rheumatoid arthritis | Greater parity significantly reduced the odds of RA. A larger number of pregnancies and late menopause show a protective effect, delaying the onset of the disease. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22807239,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19076450,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22914740,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23958438,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20871098,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21252228,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23620051,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23845246 | Is mitofusin 2 a receptor for parkin? | Yes, Mfn2 functions as a mitochondrial receptor for Parkin. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24245803,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24212027,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24119198,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24287559,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24112046,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22192589,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24294969,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23662282,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20838973,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24140950 | What are the main benefits of pharmacophore models? | As researchers continue to search for new targets of therapeutic interest, transmembrane and G-protein coupled receptors are of ever-increasing importance. However, crystal structures for these targets may be impossible to resolve, posing great challenges in rational drug design. Structure-based virtual screening is not an option when the active site geometry is unknown, but assaying an entire library for hits is an inefficient and expensive proposition.
Pharmacophore modeling solves this problem by determining the spatial arrangement of chemical features that confer drug activity toward a target receptor. Having established the chemical space occupied by active ligands, pharmacophore modeling software allows researchers to create 3-D structure-activity relationships, screen databases, and generate hits without the benefit of a receptor structure. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23312108,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23523057,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23110744,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23738027,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24058903,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22541792,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21413253,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24180115,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24086788,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23030329,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20970724,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23242342,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23594175,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23055570,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22172565,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23194952,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23022371,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23963259,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24284878,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23241081,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22981999,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21216984,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21661323,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23103288,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22925932,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23965926,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22627302,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23017222,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23129759,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22948134,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22226703,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21994755,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22363822,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23099205,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22782946,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22897050 | How Flaviviridae family of viruses infects vertebrates? | A wide range of about 500 different viruses is transmitted by arthropods such as ticks, mosquitoes and sandflies. These arboviruses multiply in the arthropod vector, and for each virus there is a natural cycle involving vertebrates (various birds or mammals) and arthropods. The virus enters the arthropod when the latter takes a blood meal from the infected vertebrate, and passes through the gut wall to reach the salivary gland where replication takes place. Once this has occurred, 1–2 weeks after ingesting the virus, the arthropod becomes infectious, and can transmit the virus to another vertebrate during a blood meal. Certain arboviruses that infect ticks are also transmitted directly from adult tick to egg (transovarial transmission), so that future generations of ticks are infected without the need for a vertebrate host. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17400593,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23943217,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19269254,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23868265,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14723030,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17303527,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16965617 | What was the aim of the HAMLET clinical trial? | The aim of the HAMLET (Hemicraniectomy After Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction With Life-Threatening Edema Trial) clinical trial was to compare the efficacy of decompressive surgery to improve functional outcome with that of conservative treatment in patients with space-occupying supratentorial infarction.The Hemicraniectomy after middle cerebral artery infarction with life-threatening edema trial (HAMLET) is a newly-conceived randomised multi-centre clinical trial that compares the efficacy of decompressive surgery to improve functional outcome with that of conservative treatment in patients with space-occupying supratentorial infarction. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17661222,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16116597,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17602063,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10808697,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10731970,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10553165,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18204866,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8783671,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10963843,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11368288,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16015542,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9099346,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8952658,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12538828,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16267025,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15330181,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9389935,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11336600,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9703784,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19956889,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10348266,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15345895,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8656260,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20021044,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12469164,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15064010,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23626702 | Can we use prodrug amifostine to protect healthy cell during chemotherapy? | Effective radiotherapy for patients with cancer should include maximal tumor cell killing with minimal injury to normal tissue. However, current radiation doses that can be delivered without causing severe damage to surrounding normal tissues are often insufficient to eradicate a tumor. Recently, a number of agents have been developed to protect normal tissue from the harmful effects of antitumor therapies. The aminothiol amifostine (Ethyol; Alza Pharmaceuticals, Palo Alto, CA/US Bioscience, West Conshohocken, PA) has been the subject of extensive research as a prospective protector. While this drug has been approved for use to reduce toxicities associated with cisplatin, several studies also have demonstrated that amifostine protects normal tissues from both acute and late radiation damage without protecting the tumor. Consequently, higher radiation doses could be used with less than or equal risk to surrounding normal tissues. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20019790,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8576966,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17852045,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2412135,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7681065,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1945845,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3221855,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9748291,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1549107,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8036148,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17407136 | Which is the main difference between Alu and B1 repeats? | B1 is a murine homolog of the human SINE Alu. B1 (Alu-equivalent) is a murine short interspersed element whose amplification probably involved an RNA intermediate. The modern B1 elements are similar to the left Alu monomer, but with a 9 bp deletion and a 29 bp duplication.The mouse B1 sequence is congruent to 130 nucleotides long and shows homology with the monomeric units of the dimeric 300-nucleotide primate sequence. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17434631,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9117915,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497453,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19650571,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16507804,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16649727,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16524858,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23086805,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21745107,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21789282,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17614771,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19609889,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9709915,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/732079,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14677810,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22877896,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23470525,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22724581,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17222925 | Is there a relationship between thyroid hormone altered metabolism and coronary artery disease? | The major part of the studies and metaanalysis data show that hypothyroidism, both primary and secondary forms, is associated with higher incidence and severity of coronary artery disease. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18504270,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12410959,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15450411,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3863118,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10700191,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/509687,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10886029 | What is the frequency of mutations induced spontaneously through Ethylnitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis? | Theoretical considerations and empirical analysis suggest that the per-base mutation frequency for a fractionated-dose treatment protocol is on the order of 1 sequence change per 10(5) bp. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18572081,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24112438,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23740936 | What is the molecular pathogenesis of Spinal Muscular Atrophy? | Spinal muscular atrophy is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease characterised by degeneration of spinal cord motor neurons, atrophy of skeletal muscles, and generalised weakness. It is caused by homozygous disruption of the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene by deletion, conversion, or mutation, resulting in downregulated biogenesis of uridine-rich small nuclear RNAs (U snRNAs), which are major components of the splicing machinery. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17482151,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9374813,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19236237,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21276223,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23619228,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17437648,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21270237,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22292446,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22247785,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23702383,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24090942,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22412882,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22983924,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23735317,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21440024,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22435392,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23144896,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18925326,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22275759,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24072084,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23176795,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23808738,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22878697,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23820981 | Which drugs affect insulin resistance in obesity? | Enistein treatment could help reduce insulin resistance
ACE inhibitor drugs may improve insulin resistance |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26899868,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24787386 | Elaborate on the link between conserved noncoding elements (CNEs) and fractality. | Well-developed fractality is revealed for the chromosomal distribution of different classes of CNEs in the human genome by employing the scaling of block entropy and box-counting. This is characteristic of elements that are either extremely conserved between species or are of ancient origin, i.e. conserved between distant organisms across evolution. There are also power-law-like distributions, i.e. linearity in double logarithmic scale, in the inter-CNE distances, a feature which is connected with fractality and self-similarity. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23180276,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11814405,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10722726,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20551689,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24252509,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16343531,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23965852,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10327208,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18510319,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22843682,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24058647,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26667592,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23344955,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18607609,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10764738,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11440819,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23557146,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22516611,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9726379,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16452621,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24392030,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26502720,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10825478,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11207422,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17899395,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11900526,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19475665,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18508479,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10762166,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20617407,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26401513,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11085897,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23796501,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12122208,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14502650,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16319716,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24586691,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9600990,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22483285,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26161848,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25846226,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11816795,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12541013,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12722831,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20890676 | Which is the primary protein component of Lewy bodies? | The primary protein component of Lewy bodies are fibrils composed of alpha-synuclein. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26227334,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19700636,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23973077,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26000474,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25959773,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25030760 | Are microtubules marked by glutamylation? | Yes, glutamylation is the most prevalent tubulin posttranslational modification and marks stable microtubules. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26819409 | What is known about the Kub5-Hera/RPRD1B interactome? | Ku70-binding protein 5 (Kub5)-Hera (K-H)/RPRD1B maintains genetic integrity by concomitantly minimizing persistent R-loops and promoting repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Thus, the Kub5-Hera/RPRD1B interactome plays a novel role in preserving genetic stability by regulating DNA mismatch repair. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24605270,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25510187,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26329430,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25301914,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26725086,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22678064,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25113274,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26298794,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26077324,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26545868,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24812538,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23963470,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24293752,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22937989,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27292821,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26298776,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23859128,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25093484,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26329447,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26329446,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24892899,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23397977,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25201131,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24992148,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25230997,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24001490,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26429756,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24157095,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15165536,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26874840,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24246378,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27481386,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27662970 | Willis-Ekbom disease is also known as? | Restless legs syndrome (RLS), also known as Willis-Ekbom disease (WED), is a common movement disorder characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move because of uncomfortable, sometimes painful sensations in the legs with a diurnal variation and a release with movement. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19498211,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23626552,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10968776,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25039919,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9350821,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24086631,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16635916,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27614462,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25317502,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8278949,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12712065,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20170991,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11446017 | List two most common symptoms of Aagenaes syndrome. | Aagenaes syndrome, also called lymphoedema cholestasis syndrome 1, is characterized by neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis, often lessening and becoming intermittent with age and severe chronic lymphoedema, mainly affecting the lower extremities. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9808364,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22034058,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9226744,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9408186,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17883890,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8237620,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7737527,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19270633,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7579023,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25858345,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19370562,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8312036,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9209244,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2107926,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8119309,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22192081,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9050085,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7510447,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17636619,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10796507,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1406817,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7868848,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10325444,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7919566,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12939598,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8139084 | Which are the side effects during tacrine administration in patients with Alzheimer's Disease? | The side effects during tacrine administration in patients with Alzheimer's Disease are:
1) Hepatotoxicity
2) Gastrointestinal (diarrhea, anorexia, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting)
3) Mitochondrial impairement |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26425441,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26400944,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25843720,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25576091,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26538647,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25972175,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25967550,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26670182 | Is synapsin a phosphoprotein? | Yes, synapsin is an evolutionarily conserved presynaptic phosphoprotein. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22695124,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11604049,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26652728,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10512502,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9987477,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22650376,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11558112,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24931258,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11899395,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11091366,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8592478,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25573527 | Is Thalidomide currently a marketed drug? | Several mechanisms for the teratogenic action of thalidomide are currently under review, but this mode of action of the drug still remains unclear and we review evidence-based hypotheses for the teratogenicity of thalidomide. Thalidomide is considered the drug of choice for the treatment of ENL, but for other conditions, it is recommended only when resistance to the currently available form of therapy is encountered. THE USE OF A DRUG WITH A TEMPORARY MARKETING AUTHORISATION: Thalidomide is currently available in France for nominative or cohort use with a temporary marketing authorisation (TMA). Examples of the basis for such regulation are drawn from historical situations (thalidomide, benoxaprofen) as well as currently marketed drugs (arylpropionic acids, disopyramide, indacrinone). In 1998 the US Food and Drug Administration approved thalidomide exclusively for the treatment of ENL, and strict conditions were stipulated for its use in order to prevent teratogenic adverse effects. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Thalomid (thalidomide) capsules for the acute treatment of the cutaneous manifestations of moderate to severe ENL. The revival of thalidomide began shortly after the drug was withdrawn from the market because of its teratogenic properties.Thalidomide is currently used to treat multiple Myeloma, possibly POEMS (Polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M-protein and skin changes ) syndrome and IBS |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7602797,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12573802,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2427537,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23469,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26187454,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8105763,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15135223,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3777139,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9061614,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9578504,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20634527,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10423683,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24032,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23508458,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25903953,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23903565,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15094322,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6119179,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22473696,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6139026,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1969734,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15345906,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22934574 | Which enzymes synthesize catecholamines in adrenal glands? | The enzymes that synthesize catecholamines in adrenal glands are:
1) Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH)
2) Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AAAD)
3) Dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH)
4) Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24386139,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24557891,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25970658,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22168415 | How many cysteines have alpha-defensins? | Alpha defensins contain six cysteines, which form three well defined disulfide bridges under oxidizing conditions. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20221693,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17394399,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21913181,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17901820,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26271414,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27004793,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19841329,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20711702,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24366376,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26848859,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23165859,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17109443,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16174860,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24731853,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23635950,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12632763,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18854964,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23539753,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20233464,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27513691,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18932252,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17079882,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20878485,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25863477,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26047126,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25849179,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27276934,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25838294,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26852130,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19996028,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26402875,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16144895,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22381151,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24366442,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27306910,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27403072,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23091540,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26922077,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19273395,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17579227,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21637635,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10464631,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26691940,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22982855,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24950059,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22866093,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19479365,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24065545,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27376595,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25497409,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16783967,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26411315,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18515440,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12708108,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11368874,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24698998,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23638402,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25236687,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9150154,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23528734,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23165893,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22438049,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16492929,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27928164,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22684231,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24161304,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25948675 | Could BRCA gene test used for breast and ovarian cancer risk? | Yes, BRCA gene test could be used for breast and ovarian cancer risk, as female BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations are significantly associated with risk of developing breast and ovarian cancers. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24650492,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23388531,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23244560,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26282512,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25710781,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27372715,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25236385,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22468632,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27348169 | What is Desomorphine? | Desomorphine is an opioid misused as "crocodile", a cheaper alternative to heroin Desomorphine is the semi-synthetic opioid claimed to be the main component of krokodilDesomorphine is an opioid misused as "crocodile", a cheaper alternative to heroinDesomorphine is the semi-synthetic opioid claimed to be the main component of krokodil"Krokodil" is the street name for the homemade injectable mixture that has been used as a cheap substitute for heroin. Desomorphine is an opioid misused as "crocodile", a cheaper alternative to heroin.Desomorphine is the semi-synthetic opioid claimed to be the main component of krokodil Desomorphine is an opioid misused as "crocodile", a cheaper alternative to heroinDesomorphine is an opioid drug which is often synthsised using a combination of readily available ingredients and is often available on the "street" as a cheaper alternative to heroin. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27480956,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25837989,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25516691,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25859119,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26357632,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26327920,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26312999,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27606041,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25937625,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25850880,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25987834,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27193156,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26788571,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27276081 | Which two drugs are included in the Harvoni pill? | Harvoni contains 400 mg sofosbuvir and 90 mg ledipasvir. It used for treatment of hepatitis C virus infection. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26446846,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21149567,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24167709 | What is the result of Mff overexpression in mitochondria? | The Drp1 receptor Mff is a major regulator of mitochondrial fission, and its overexpression results in increased fission. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24865682,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15297240,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25189226,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12169625,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3377761,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2912069,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25771467,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7801429,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25116429,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26827633,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15226563,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24460025,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23429543,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1147889,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26139767,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1634454,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9290617,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21164249,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26275698,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26226515,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11271380,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24943486,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10698963,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1188317,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6350992,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24551713,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3810219,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17355169,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23152723,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1554817,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1953691,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1225290,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/631693,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24958328,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23834949,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1296572,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10645652 | Has Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency an X-linked inheritance? | Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the commonest red cell enzymopathy in humans and has an X-linked inheritance. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1347910,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23026528,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27943639,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22040318,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12111447,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26074146,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8909448,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11079543,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27056979,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14732629,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16109494,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9270595,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8105681,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24851016,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25473397,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17013786,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9818894 | What is FFI, fatal familial insomnia | Familial fatal insomnia (FFI) is a prion disease caused by a mutation (D178N-129M haplotype) in the Prion Protein gene (PRNP). FFI is manifested by sleep disturbances with insomnia, autonomic disorders and spontaneous and evoked myoclonus, among other symptoms. FFI is considered to be a rare disease. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23825391,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16224024,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18021920,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23990902,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24411733,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25464894,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20445167,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24978639,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19018236 | Which mutated genes are associated with the Tourette's syndrome? | A mutation in histidine decarboxylase (Hdc) gene as well as mutations in the SLITRK1 (Slit and Trk-like 1) gene have been implicated as rare genetic causes of Tourette's syndrome. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27898364,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26217019,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23810788,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23934192,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27141070,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27716873,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27717299,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26351319,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26281686,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25685067,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25758918,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26518726,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26513298,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24970803,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25761096,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27141062,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23118055,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27614696,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24356813,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27810860 | Which enzyme is inhibited by niraparib? | Niraparib is a Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase (PARP) Inhibitor. It is used for ovarian cancer treatment. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25223640 | Which peak calling algorithm employs mixture model clustering under the hood? | JAMM (Joint Analysis of NGS replicates via Mixture Model clustering) is a peak finder that can integrate information from biological replicates, determine enrichment site widths accurately and resolve neighboring narrow peaks. JAMM is a universal peak finder that is applicable to different types of datasets. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27084938 | Data from which major epigenome projects are contained in the DeepBlue epigenomic data server? | The DeepBlue Epigenomic Data Server contains data from four major epigenome projects, namely ENCODE, ROADMAP, BLUEPRINT and DEEP. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26382842,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25438838,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27822200,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24291848,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25343176,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25512869,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24876191,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27399411,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26499271,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26421209,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24620914,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20033983,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22208894,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23523144,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26769606,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27557301,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24761224,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23944301,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26877873 | Which diseases that can be treated using the focused ultrasound thalamotomy. | Focused ultrasound thalamotomy is used for treatment of Parkinson disease, essential tremor, obsessive-compulsive disorder and chronic neuropathic pain. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22513950,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20173718,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23871478,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26866491,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19488551,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15244362,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24997242,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23097586,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12926199,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24867833,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17674683,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20693440,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19160335,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26697417 | Is the toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum always deadly? | There are numerous examples where children and animals survived infection with clostridium botulinum. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27270678,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26788130,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24494635,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27116720,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22047971,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25887773,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26600872,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27718747,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24494619,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27552111,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27813441,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18951300,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24732658,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27389598,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25888198,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23609782,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22229582,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25887766,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26729332,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24928997,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20500147,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27756172,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26702336,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22673950,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21341224,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25732947,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24507535 | Is ocrelizumab effective for treatment of multiple sclerosis? | Yes, ocrelizumab is effective for primary progressive form of multiple sclerosis. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26423156 | Elaborate on the role of CARMEN in cardiac specification. | CARMEN, (CAR)diac (M)esoderm (E)nhancer-associated (N)oncoding RNA, is a human super enhancer-associated long noncoding RNA controlling cardiac specification, differentiation and homeostasis. CARMEN exhibits RNA-dependent enhancing activity and is upstream of the cardiac mesoderm-specifying gene regulatory network. CARMEN interacts with SUZ12 and EZH2, two components of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). CARMEN expression is activated during pathological remodeling in the mouse and human hearts, and is necessary for maintaining cardiac identity in differentiated cardiomyocytes. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24266804,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26266019,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25301268,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27751846,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26907871,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24756792,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25884155 | Is there a role of regorafenib for sarcoma treatment? | Yes, there is evidence to suggest that regorafenib can be effective for sarcoma treatment. Clinical trials are under-way. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21991951,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24321165,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23852658,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27937746,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26944956,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26758290,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22723573,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21157651,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26434194,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26865517,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26365096,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23695001,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27919491 | Which drug was tested in the TEMSO Trial for multiple sclerosis? | Teriflunomide was evaluated in the Teriflunomide Multiple Sclerosis Oral (TEMSO) trial. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22406924,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24748667,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24905967,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23840463,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27551882,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22935486,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23675762,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23318685,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20730698,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21290916,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23111861,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23343062,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26122516,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26079829,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23343061,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22188389,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23847411,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22719216,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22192713,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21710591,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21816551,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23989045,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24023516,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22884786,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24584613,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27279382,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22592927,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24348017,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23506424,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23338536,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21649477,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23243269,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22642238,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22971699,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27174804,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21940838,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22745925 | What is the mechanism of action of peginesatide? | Peginesatide (Omontys) is synthetic, PEGylated, peptide-based erythropoiesis-stimulating agent that is designed to specifically stimulate the erythropoietin receptor. It was recalled because of serious side-effects including cases of death. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27807823,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27854228,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22086232,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27936976,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23907995,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26573217,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23995279,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23075107,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24282529 | Describe mechanism of action of Eteplirsen? | Eteplirsen (Exondys 51) is an antisense oligonucleotide designed to induce exon 51 skipping. Eteplirsen is approved for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) in patients with a confirmed mutation of the DMD gene amenable to exon 51 skipping. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25038751 | Which genes of the marmoset genome exhibit rapid sequence evolution? | Both protein-coding and microRNA genes related to reproduction exhibit evidence of rapid sequence evolution in the marmoset genome. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12794134,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27692733,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24825142,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24131352,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8022486,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26800231,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23294276,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26051365,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21347402,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25129481,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26345342,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23829933,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26899199,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19234192 | What is the importance of Janus Kinases in dermatology? | Janus Kinase (JAK) is active in many skin diseases and recent evidence show that inhibitors of JAK kinase could be used to treat vitiligo, psoriasis, lupus, alopecia areata and other inflammatory skin diseases.Tofacitinib, an oral Janus kinase inhibitor, is being investigated as a treatment for moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1620378,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12091129,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7590514 | What is the incidence of beta-thalassemia in Greek population? | The incidence of beta-thalassemia trait is 8% in Greek population. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25728652 | Is exon skipping correlated with exon circularization? | Yes. Circularization of exons is widespread and correlates with exon skipping, a feature that adds considerably to the regulatory complexity of the human transcriptome. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24471924,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21109694,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27557302,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24971019,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24350987,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27896689,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24053207,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24849305,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27859027,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24555809,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25878332,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25531698,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26778538,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25626316,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27780867,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26658418,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27363983,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26362528,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27222480,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25760767,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24253022,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25964097,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26812873,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26308596,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26631114,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25975191,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27195659,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25988285,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21187443,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25398450,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25865943,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25764134,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27913523,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26137203 | What is the target of daratumumab? | Daratumumab is a fully human anti-CD38 IgG1-κ monoclonal antibody. It is approved for treatment of multiple myeloma. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26732700,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23505126 | Which gene-defect causes the Vel-blood type? | A cohort of 70 Vel- individuals was found to be uniformly homozygous for a 17 nucleotide deletion in the coding sequence of SMIM |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22511941,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17612411,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24262797,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17400358,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25415612,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24688893 | Is NADPH oxidase 5 expressed in rodents? | No, NADPH oxidase 5 is not expressed in rodents, because the gene is absent. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21501600,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25609068,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27005559,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25879485,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27178332,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26289836,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27151773,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26162914,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24601804,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26164151 | List selective estrogen receptor degraders. | Selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERD) are fulvestrant, RAD1901 and ARN-810. Fulvestrant is the only SERD approved for the treatment of breast cancer. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23178126,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27540107 | What is the role of ZNF335 in microcephaly? | Znf335 null mice are embryonically lethal, and conditional knockout leads to severely reduced cortical size. RNA-interference and postmortem human studies show that ZNF335 is essential for neural progenitor self-renewal, neurogenesis, and neuronal differentiation.Microcephaly gene links trithorax and REST/NRSF to control neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation. RNA-interference and postmortem human studies show that ZNF335 is essential for neural progenitor self-renewal, neurogenesis, and neuronal differentiation. Znf335 null mice are embryonically lethal, and conditional knockout leads to severely reduced cortical size.Microcephaly gene links trithorax and REST/NRSF to control neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Znf335 null mice are embryonically lethal, and conditional knockout leads to severely reduced cortical size. RNA-interference and postmortem human studies show that ZNF335 is essential for neural progenitor self-renewal, neurogenesis, and neuronal differentiation. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27172898,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27350882,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26014098,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27815822,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27544053,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27490642,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27592805,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26880697,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26921031,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26477470,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27716622,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27196116 | What molecule is targeted by Avelumab? | Avelumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24359918 | What are the exonic splice enhancers? | In mammals there is a bias in amino acid usage near splice sites that is explained, in large part, by the high density of exonic splicing enhancers (ESEs) in these regions. Exonic splicing enhancers (ESEs) activate pre-mRNA splicing by promoting the use of the flanking splice sites. Some of these variants may have an effect on pre-mRNA splicing, either by altering degenerate positions of splice site sequences or by affecting intronic or exonic splicing regulatory sequences such as exonic splicing enhancers (ESEs). For inherited disease, the main mechanism responsible for the splicing defect is splice site loss, whereas for cancer the predominant mechanism of splicing disruption is predicted to be exon skipping via loss of exonic splicing enhancers or gain of exonic splicing silencer elements. FELINES was shown to be useful for characterizing branchsites, polypyrimidine tracts and 5' and 3' splice sites in the intron databases and exonic splicing enhancers (ESEs) in S.pombe exons. Unexpectedly, a fully experimental dataset identifies motifs that commonly behave opposite to the consensus, for example, being enriched in exon cores where splice-associated mutations are rare.Prior analyses that used the RESCUE-ESE set of hexamers captured the properties of consensus exonic splice enhancers.Exonic splice enhancers are one of the principle non-splice site motifs. Four high-throughput studies have provided a compendium of motifs that function as exonic splice enhancers, but only one, RESCUE-ESE, has been generally employed to examine the properties of enhancers. In humans, much of the information specifying splice sites is not at the splice site.In humans, much of the information specifying splice sites is not at the splice site. Exonic splice enhancers are one of the principle non-splice site motifs. Four high-throughput studies have provided a compendium of motifs that function as exonic splice enhancers, but only one, RESCUE-ESE, has been generally employed to examine the properties of enhancers. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27032458,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27293547,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27052792,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27366760,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27009036,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27032431,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27143174,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27617189,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27366586,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27812690,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27345865,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27490087,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27279226 | What are the birth defects associated with Zika-virus infection? | Although the full spectrum of adverse reproductive outcomes caused by Zika virus infection is not yet determined, a distinctive phenotype-the congenital Zika syndrome-has emerged. Zika virus infection during pregnancy is a cause of microcephaly and other severe birth defects. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27452726,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19401383,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19356620,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19290916,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23717687,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23803905,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26950303,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26232542,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26304221,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21471204,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19428890,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25630407,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26204985,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22426368,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21949862,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20041170,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24779381,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18299457,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24807056,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23409129,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25347845,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27105075,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25404323 | What is Neisseria adhesin A? | Neisseria adhesin A (NadA) is one of the antigens of Bexsero, the recently licensed multicomponent vaccine against serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis (MenB). NadA belongs to the class of oligomeric coiled-coil adhesins and is able to mediate adhesion and invasion of human epithelial cells. As a vaccine antigen, NadA has been shown to induce high levels of bactericidal antibodies. More than 89 distinct NadA allele sequences and 43 distinct peptides have been described. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24451624 | Which R package is used for the detection of chromosomal abnormalities from microarray data? | CAFE is an R package for the detection of gross chromosomal abnormalities from gene expression microarray data. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26438538,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26578594 | List all the available databases of super enhancers | dbSUPER and SEA are the available databases of super enhancers.dbSUPER and SEA are the most well-known and widely used Super-Enhancer Databases. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23640887,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20942790,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10214944,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23340677,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22315694,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7666054,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19459590,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22536363,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24965601,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15450610,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11052669,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21715616,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26258756,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9427351,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24448785,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17662457,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22203915,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9832145,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7616230,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17372746,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16793187,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17906291,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23946388,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23805125,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25220759,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24788298,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12214106,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19451179,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22110363,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19525898,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8960316,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25031639,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9084440,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20678074 | Which are the consequences of the hyperphosphorylated tau in Alzheimers' Disease? | The consequences of the hyperphosphorylated tau in Alzheimers' Disease is:
1) The formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs)
2) Impaired glutamate metabolism
3) Decreased tau affinity for microtubules binding
4) Dendritic and axonal instability
5) Synaptic degeneration
6) Neuronal loss. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24430853,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26025428,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27825953,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25619431,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26442453 | Which is the "bonding hormone"? | Oxytocin is known as the 'bonding hormone' due its role in promoting mother-child and pair bonding. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11581484,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26144910,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16301149,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15949874,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27502755,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23734160,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23747864,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26358868,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25109378,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23214273,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25983516,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16521952,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17644699,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8942253,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26783325,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26063195,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16251606,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26590972,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23734365 | What causes Scurvy? | Scurvy, or "Barlow's disease", is a widely described disease involving cutaneous and mucosal lesions resulting from vitamin C deficiency.Scurvy, or "Barlow's disease", is a widely described disease resulting from vitamin C deficiency |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18328202,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12053598,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18713754,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8275569,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15305058,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27080973,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27601862,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15365467,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26620032,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11471181,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25961852,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9712536 | Describe clinical presentation of Ambras syndrome. | Ambras syndrome is a distinct form of congenital hypertrichosis characterized by excessive hair growth over the body and face associated with facial and occasional dental anomalies. In patients with this syndrome, the whole body is covered with fine long hair, except for areas where normally no hair grows. There is accompanying facial dysmorphism and teeth abnormalities, including retarded first and second dentition and absence of teeth. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27779083,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27106261,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23136927,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14528522,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20541690,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7636511,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8957644,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26894082,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25946710,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18657400,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15767024,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21917426,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23904296,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23484337,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25115449,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23551241,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21162721,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23232549,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15743917,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27154258,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24193402,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24322785,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26170788,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25938070,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17921614,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24819643,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25657416,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22116946,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21545408,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25070588,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20064188 | Which diseases are involved in the severe cutaneous reactions (SCAR) spectrum? | The diseases that are involved in the severe cutaneous reactions (SCAR) spectrum are:
1) Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)
2) Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN)
3) Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP). |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15059815 | Which tool employs self organizing maps for analyzing synonymous codon usage? | INteractive Codon usage Analysis (INCA) provides an array of features useful in analysis of synonymous codon usage in whole genomes. In addition to computing codon frequencies and several usage indices, such as 'codon bias', effective Nc and CAI, the primary strength of INCA has numerous options for the interactive graphical display of calculated values, thus allowing visual detection of various trends in codon usage. Finally, INCA includes a specific unsupervised neural network algorithm, the self-organizing map, used for gene clustering according to the preferred utilization of codons.INteractive Codon usage Analysis (INCA) provides an array of features useful in analysis of synonymous codon usage in whole genomes. In addition to computing codon frequencies and several usage indices, such as 'codon bias', effective Nc and CAI, the primary strength of INCA has numerous options for the interactive graphical display of calculated values, thus allowing visual detection of various trends in codon usage. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27292798 | What is MINDY-1? | MINDY-1 (motif interacting with Ub-containing novel DUB family) is a member of an evolutionarily conserved and structurally distinct new family of deubiquitinating enzymes. Found in all eukaryotes, MINDY-family DUBs are highly selective at cleaving K48-linked polyUb, a signal that targets proteins for degradation. MINDY-1 prefers cleaving long polyUb chains and works by trimming chains from the distal end.MINDY-1 Is a Member of an Evolutionarily Conserved and Structurally Distinct New Family of Deubiquitinating Enzymes |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20303948,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3768865,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12703659,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11166288,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8584079,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11587490,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25511986,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6437857,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9372552,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/452602 | What is the benserazide's mechanism of function when co-administered with L-DOPA in patients with Parkinson's Disease? | Benserazide is a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor. Benserazide in combination with L-DOPA constitutes a slow-release formulation of L-DOPA in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), it reduces peaks and rapid fluctuations of L-DOPA plasma levels (possibly responsible for peak-dose dyskinesias and end-of-dose deterioration) and considered as the best available therapy. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26424858 | What is regioneR? | Statistically assessing the relation between a set of genomic regions and other genomic features is a common challenging task in genomic and epigenomic analyses. regioneR is an R package that implements a permutation test framework specifically designed to work with genomic regions. In addition to the predefined randomization and evaluation strategies, regioneR is fully customizable allowing the use of custom strategies to adapt it to specific questions. Finally, it also implements a novel function to evaluate the local specificity of the detected association. regioneR is an R package released under Artistic-2.0 License. The source code and documents are freely available through Bioconductor (http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/regioneR).RegioneR is an R/Bioconductor package for the association analysis of genomic regions based on permutation tests. It implements a permutation test framework specifically designed to work with genomic regions. In addition to the predefined randomization and evaluation strategies, regioneR is fully customizable allowing the use of custom strategies to adapt it to specific questions. Finally, it also implements a novel function to evaluate the local specificity of the detected association.Statistically assessing the relation between a set of genomic regions and other genomic features is a common challenging task in genomic and epigenomic analyses. Randomization based approaches implicitly take into account the complexity of the genome without the need of assuming an underlying statistical model. regioneR is an R package that implements a permutation test framework specifically designed to work with genomic regions. In addition to the predefined randomization and evaluation strategies, regioneR is fully customizable allowing the use of custom strategies to adapt it to specific questions. Finally, it also implements a novel function to evaluate the local specificity of the detected association. The source code and documents are freely available through Bioconductor (http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/regioneR). |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12423428,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18034532,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26462773,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26652728,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18050580,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24931258,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10028338,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11809002,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9098920,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24196904,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22650376,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25828060,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15148528,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11717819,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23142220,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11235821,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25573527,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17274497,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8592478,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12190008,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6841082 | For what indications is thalidomide currently marketed? | Drug repositioning, exemplified by sildenafil and thalidomide, is a promising way to explore alternative indications for existing drugs. THE USE OF A DRUG WITH A TEMPORARY MARKETING AUTHORISATION: Thalidomide is currently available in France for nominative or cohort use with a temporary marketing authorisation (TMA). Currently, it is used for a few indications; in Brazil, where leprosy is endemic, thalidomide is used for the treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum, and recent cases of thalidomide embryopathy have been reported.We analyzed the frequency of births with phenotypes consistent with thalidomide embryopathy (TEP) and correlated this with the distribution of thalidomide and the prevalence of leprosy between 2005 and 2010 in Brazil.A total of 5,889,210 thalidomide tablets were distributed; the prevalence of limb reduction defects was 1.60 (CI95%: 1.54-1.66) and TEP was 0.11 (CI95%: 0.10-0.13) Currently it includes a group of new drugs (immunosuppressives tacrolimus mycophenolate, thalidomide, biologic therapy, probiotics, neuroinflammation blockers), new treatment techniques (cytaphereses, sequential immunosuppression, immunosuppression with high doses), and finally new indications (chemoprophylaxis). A review of the therapeutic indications for thalidomide in dermatology as well as the mechanisms of action and side-effects of this drug are presented.Thalidomide can be used to treat multiple myeloma, polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M-protein and skin changes (POEMS) syndrome and possibly Irritable Bowel Syndrome. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25363902,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21769097,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26735163,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25174933,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22681489,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26005795,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27031942,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9614200,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16235238,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23090860,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21148252,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/159767,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21504003,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26627130,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25851819,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9144833,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16967439,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25312212,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17145699,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20391594,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21469730,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12093356,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1628536,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18788755,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21083235,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8987247 | What are reactive metabolites? | Reactive metabolites are generated when a small molecule, commonly a drug or hydrocarbon, is broken down in the body. Reactive metabolites can cause cancer and other diseases as well as hepatoxicty. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25616444,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12658373,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15098347,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10654309,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11889758,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25649051,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16381182,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12722172,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3042912,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3579222,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15824341,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26347184,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26101038,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19793544,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21942133,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8024257,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17878397,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2682215,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9339691,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9343116,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25985062,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27942720,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24830331,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14960500,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18922214,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10439935,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8771074,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9591523,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9591522,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19715385,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16805724,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3435068,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9399217,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9203084,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8255478 | What is the "wearing-off" phenomenon in levodopa-treated patients with Parkinson's Disease? | Chronic administration of traditional levodopa/dopa decarboxylase inhibitor formulations to Paskinson's Disease patients is associated with the development of complications, such as wearing-off phenomenon. Wearing-off phenomenon is characterized by the predictable emergence of motor symptoms (e.g. rigidity and freezing) and nonmotor PD symptoms (e.g. anxiety and shortness of breath), before the next scheduled dose of medication. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26297259,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27833227,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22363733,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25645281,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27293325,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24390581 | What are prions? | Prion diseases are protein conformation disorders and neither caused by viroid or virus but is a transmissible particle labeled a prion by Pruisner. Normal prion protein becomes infectious by a different folding, but the triggers are not known. A prion is an infectious agent composed entirely of protein and is responsible for a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Prions are self-propagating infectious protein isoforms. |