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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27915989,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27174720,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27430408,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26562100 | Does Vitamin D induce autophagy? | Yes, vitamin D induces autophagy. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25140736 | What is sQTLseekeR? | sQTLseekeR is an R package for the identification of genetic variants associated with alternative splicing. It is based on a statistical framework that uses a distance-based approach to compute the variability of splicing ratios across observations, and a non-parametric analogue to multivariate analysis of variance. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21303352,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26840797,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22930754,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26454226,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16023527,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9660576,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26840342,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11115241,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19702572,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26646926,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12811992,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25552850,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27665282,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1777133 | What is Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)? | Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is the most prevalent of the human prion diseases, which are fatal and transmissible neurodegenerative diseases caused by the infectious prion protein (PrP(Sc)). The origin of CJD is unknown, although the initiating event is thought to be the stochastic misfolding of endogenous prion protein (PrP(C)) into infectious PrP(Sc).Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare, rapidly progressive, and fatal neurodegenerative disease affecting the central nervous system Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) is the most prevalent of the human prion diseases, which are fatal and transmissible neurodegenerative diseases caused by the infectious prion protein (PrP(Sc)Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare, rapidly progressive, and fatal neurodegenerative disease affecting the central nervous system |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24872738,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15950955,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24781087 | Describe what is athelia syndrome? | Athelia is a very rare entity that is defined by the absence of the nipple-areola complex. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26502337 | Is RASA2 involved in melanoma? | Yes. Analysis of 501 melanoma exomes identified RASA2, encoding a RasGAP, as a tumor-suppressor gene mutated in 5% of melanomas. Recurrent loss-of-function mutations in RASA2 were found to increase RAS activation, melanoma cell growth and migration. RASA2 expression was lost in ≥30% of human melanomas and was associated with reduced patient survival. These findings identify RASA2 inactivation as a melanoma driver and highlight the importance of RasGAPs in cancer. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18629295,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18834491,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22151647,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23327936,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18834496,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15960842,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16504116,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23160416,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27589962,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22151968,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22438567,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18834487,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22151178,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15960829,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20498514,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15960843,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15960821 | What is BioCreative? | A community wide effort to evaluate biomedical information extraction and text mining. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20673995,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22313529,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26679384,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26105116,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25258511,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26222044,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26957883,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20509712,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26313898,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21951371,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26648466,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19777400,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23408728 | What is Contrave prescribed for? | Contrave(?) is a combination of naltrexone hydrochloride extended release and bupropion hydrochloride extended release for the treatment of obesityContrave(®) is a combination of naltrexone hydrochloride extended release and bupropion hydrochloride extended release for the treatment of obesityContrave(®) is a combination of naltrexone hydrochloride extended release and bupropion hydrochloride extended release for the treatment of obesity. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16222334,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1478653,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19779799,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16861140,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17579611 | Which is the chromosome area that the human gene coding for the dopamine transporter (DAT1) is located to? | The gene encoding DAT1 consists of 15 exons spanning 60 kb and is located on chromosome 5p15.3. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27251284,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12298233,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12140267 | What type of mutation is causing the industrial melanism phenotype in peppered moths? | The mutation event giving rise to industrial melanism in Britain was the insertion of a large, tandemly repeated, transposable element into the first intron of the gene cortex. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25993131,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1839672,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25254119,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26863614,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18651325,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19059613,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26160070,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16109169,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15651335,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11723754,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19816846,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26079385,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12805114,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9392570,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25931812,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12523115,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16847693,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17941857,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27400454,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26466780,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8985734,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24196395,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11494364 | What gene is mutated in Huntington's disease? | Huntington disease (HD; OMIM 143100), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is caused by an expanded trinucleotide CAG (polyQ) motif in the HTT gene. Mutations of the huntingtin protein (HTT) gene underlie both adult-onset and juvenile forms of Huntington's disease (HD).Huntington disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and is caused by an expanded trinucleotide CAG (polyQ) motif in the HTT gene. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26530724 | Which software package is available for the analysis of conserved genomic loci? | PHYLUCE is a software package for the analysis of conserved genomic loci. It identifies targeted, enriched loci from the off-target background data; aligns enriched contigs representing conserved loci to one another; and prepare and manipulate these alignments for subsequent phylogenomic inference. PHYLUCE is an efficient and easy-to-install software package that accomplishes these tasks across hundreds of taxa and thousands of enriched lociPHYLUCE is a software package for the analysis of conserved genomic loci |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24630051,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18342287,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26421989,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25044251,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25273398,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27142213,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26515654,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27256868,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20949524,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25002837,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27590723,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24839169,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24285247,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24779060,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21964919,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21932316,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22541666 | Mutation of which gene is implicated in the Christianson syndrome? | Christianson syndrome is caused by mutations in SLC9A6 and is characterized by severe intellectual disability, absent speech, microcephaly, ataxia, seizures, and behavioral abnormalities. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27807823,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21540335,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25980936,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22086232,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27936976,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23907995,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23995279,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23075107 | What is Eteplirsen (Exondys 51)? | Eteplirsen (Exondys 51) is an antisense oligonucleotide designed to induce exon 51 skipping that is developed by Sarepta Therapeutics. Intravenous eteplirsen has received accelerated approval from the US FDA for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) in patients with a confirmed mutation of the DMD gene amenable to exon 51 skipping.
By the method of exon skipping in dystrophin pre-mRNA the reading frame is restored and the internally deleted but functional dystrophin is produced. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26259533,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27646849,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26029048,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25883552,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26045368,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27265476 | What are the SINEUPs? | SINEUPs represent a new class of natural and synthetic antisense long non-coding RNAs that activate translation. These molecules have been named SINEUPs since their function requires the activity of an embedded inverted SINEB2 sequence to UP-regulate translation. Natural SINEUPs suggest that embedded Transposable Elements may represent functional domains in long non-coding RNAs. Synthetic SINEUPs may be designed by targeting the antisense sequence to the mRNA of choice representing the first scalable tool to increase protein synthesis of potentially any gene of interest. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27137957,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26001984,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26580849 | What is trichotillomania? | Trichotillomania is a hair pulling disorder. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24812521,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24447197,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26648915,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23344456,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26094508,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25487792,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19587338,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26097803,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20450444,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20068396,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20811384 | What is the mechanism of action of raxibacumab? | Raxibacumab is a recombinant human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that binds the protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis, thus blocking toxin effects.
It is approved to treat inhalational anthrax. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17481902,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26398195,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25066254,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17923234,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23776146 | What is the effect of CPEB3 binding to the CPE domain? | The cytoplasmic polyadenylation element (CPE) is the binding platform for CPE-binding protein (CPEB), which promotes polyadenylation-induced translation. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18468939,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20414307,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25561743,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21178495,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22192309,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27012284,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21255632,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26259101,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25218447,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24797264,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18547337,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20074036,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20562097,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25997832,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24880118,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24616021,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25867063,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25959766,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25833950,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23273862,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26142185,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20299342,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24140722,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22525038,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25308709,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27195426,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23387271,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21832256,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18218095,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24970140,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15744326,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22438991,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18621739,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27152458,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25533125,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22584054 | Is SUMOylation a post-translational modification in eukaryotes? | Yes, SUMOylation that is the conjugation of target proteins with SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier), is a type of post-translational modification in eukaryotes. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27814571,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26598048,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26748096,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26921407,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27135879,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26871633,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26119943 | What is the Shelterin complex? | Human telomeres are associated with the shelterin complex which consists of six telomere-associated proteins that specifically bind to telomeric DNA. Alterations or removal of individual shelterin components would lead to telomere uncapping and telomere dysfunction, resulting in cellular senescence and transformation to a malignant state. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27025652,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27810931,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27582220,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27251914 | What disease is the drug aducanumab targeting? | Aducanumab is an anti-Aβ antibody being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26355708,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16857771,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16351727,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12505257,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26066831,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11424143,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22749034,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9806578,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14669212,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10699172,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16222476,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26829723,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24056568,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17867985,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9763574,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25754580,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11876976,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10493892,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1394103,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1897521,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11769675,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27134897,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17394204,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12513811,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8634784,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15287942,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15949578,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18991056,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8260718,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20064152,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12744739,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11484160,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7627929,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17631477,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8152255,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26509426,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8795688,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9951451,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10464634,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18356781,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12673589,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9359505,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25011965,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25947045,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8882776,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9040786,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12437640,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19758696,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8362906,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10330122,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26815134,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14749005,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24405535,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20226525,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8207974,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10598142,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8149646,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19806569,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12040758,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17701956,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24604040,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12616613,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18428311,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16468325,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10408793,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27576943,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20677157,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7977469,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23450488,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11783350,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9831340,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24398791,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24370037,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8723064,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17649717,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7649555,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18000985,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14666267,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12116251,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10485139,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26392809,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18591625,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17653548,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7666455,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21223721,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7934162 | Which human syndromes have been detected with Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)? | To explore the clonal evolution of monosomy 7 in patients with aplastic anemia (AA).Monosomy 7 (-7) in 81 AA patients with normal karyotype at diagnosis and 46 AA treated with immunosuppressive therapy (IST) and more than 6 months of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhuG-CSF) were detected by interphase- fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) retrospectively.There were 5.4% - 7.6% of -7 cells in 11 (13.6%) of 81 patients at diagnosis, the survival and response rate to IST in -7 positive patients did not differ s Former molecular cytogenetic studies showed that such aberrations as an equivalent of intrinsic radiosensitivity can be detected by fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) techniques using whole chromosome painting (wcp) probes. Five-color FISH was performed using human DNA segments specific for peri-CEN or subTEL, which were labeled with five different fluorescent dyes [7-diethylaminocoumarin (DEAC): blue, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC): green, rhodamine 6G (R6G): yellow, TexRed: red, and cyanine5 (Cy5): purple]. Using this technique, followed by cell-by-cell multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of purified FNRBCs, we were able to detect some of the most common human aneuploidies (including Down syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, and trisomy 13) in 33 pregnant women referred for amniocentesis.The human syndromes which can be detected with FISH are:
1) Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)
2) Genetic syndromes caused by somatic chromosomal mosaicism
3) Prader Willi syndrome (PWS)
4) Angelman syndrome (AS)
5) Williams syndrome
6) Smith Magenis syndrome
7) Velocardiofacial syndrome
8) Jacobsen syndrome
9) Shwachman-Diamond syndrome
10) Saethre-Chotzen syndrome
11) DiGeorge syndrome (DGS)
12) Velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS)
13) Miller-Dieker syndrome
14) Deletion 22q11.2 syndrome (D22S) |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27500072,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21300747,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21633011,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23471908,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23924083,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20651251,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21849804,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21221631 | List symptoms of EAST syndrome. | Epilepsy, ataxia, sensorineural deafness, and tubulopathy comprise EAST syndrome that is associated with recessive mutations in the KCNJ10 gene. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12931339,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14997988,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11326104 | When did the polio vaccine becomes available? | Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV), developed in the USA by Jonas Salk in the early 1950s, was field tested in 1954,The Salk polio Vaccine was field tested in 1954. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24412631,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11585299,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23000925,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25591763,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26582221,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27619241,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9776585,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26734508,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24021657,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7812008,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16239600,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16331047,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22913657,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9461328,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16046522,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14676140,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25339644,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12573319,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21203987,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20122665,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26935620,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9359032,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21340828,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25116573,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7622868,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16740972,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22960471,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16253964,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12552341,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14666384,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18441250,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16813956,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20520578,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16737615,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9462458,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14734682,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18554742,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20444920,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11708469,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20430734,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10541822,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16306419,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26112094 | Is Annexin V an apoptotic marker? | Yes, annexin V is an early apoptotic marker.Yes, Annexin V is an apoptotic marker. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23074505,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23409830,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15174957,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19801853,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19090788,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23538020,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20574136,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10987597,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10637948,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19563393,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25934512,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15809368,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18674471,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11113401,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11597936,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24527682,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27923158,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18973424,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20671371,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16098846,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25999102,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20124992 | Which are the lipid lowering drugs administered in patients with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)? | The lipid lowering drugs administered in patients with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) are:
1) Statins
2) Fibrates
3) Resins
4) Niacin
5) Cholesterol absorption-inhibiting drugs. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27534574,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25682878,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22740686,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26775720,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27936870,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26588948,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26177645,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26581237,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18203952,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26346135,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26567614,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27310809,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24402925,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27059553,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27063329,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27729774,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23032366,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26598057,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27622603,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25823918,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26477470,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27573048,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27291635,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26850630,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26041735,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27553906 | What are PD-1 inhibitors? | The programmed death-1 (PD-1) pathway negatively regulates T-cell activation and has an important role in regulating antitumor host immunity. Monoclonal antibodies directed against PD-1 or the PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) are used to treat cancer. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26506307,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25669884,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25672326,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25684355,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26377939 | Is the protein lefty an inhibitor of nodal? | Yes, lefty is an inhibitor of nodal. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21265828,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21412876,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26934640,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19034038,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21249650,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25084209,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16255660,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19933959,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25114779,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23424288,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16119973,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25806762,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25340915,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21751825,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18782007 | List drugs withdrawn from the market for cardiovascular adverse events. | Over the years, a number of different drugs have been withdrawn for Cardiotoxicity. Drugs like Clobutinol, that induce cardiac arrhythmias by a blockade of the potassium channel coded by the hERG channel, sibutramine for weight loss and Cox2 inhibitors, Rofecoxib and Valdecoxib have been withdrawn from the market. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27834756,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27351440,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27657681,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23176611,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19387866,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24189976,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23474038,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21211680,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21598360,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27509102,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23472096,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27121667,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26252393,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21517827 | Is Migalastat used for treatment of Fabry Disease? | Yes, Migalastat is approved for treatment of Fabry disease. Migalastat is an oral pharmacological chaperone developed as an alternative to intravenous enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), stabilises specific mutant (amenable) forms of α-Gal to facilitate normal lysosomal trafficking. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21122555,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19397593,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23006982,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24439803,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23232853,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19788585 | Where are Paneth cells located? | Paneth cells are located in the intestinal crypt base columnar cells (CBCCs). |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16909784,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22246843,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25042344,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26568804,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22798048,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8972676,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14226105,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21501303,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18680414,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18354820,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6612271,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9810831,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18669052,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21412795,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16849723,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1418647,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14503358,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9265274,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25975649,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25983131,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15927848,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25562123,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24313836,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26334674,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18565120 | Which are the types of viral meningitis? | Aseptic meningitis is the most common type of meningitis and is characterized by meningeal inflammation that is not linked to identifiable bacterial pathogens in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). It can be originated from infection from:
1) Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)
2) Herpes simplex types I and II (HSV-1, HSV-2)
3) Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
4) Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
5) Enteroviruses (EV)
6) Parechoviruses (HPeV)
7) Human rhinoviruses (HRVs)
8) Echovirus types 6, 9, 11
9) West Nile Virus (WNV) |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12766122,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26932742,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26158794,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9540451,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11075314,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26787264,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18840004,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26928029,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15296954,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11105786,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23671395,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23522121,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16236069,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18220763,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24160357,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27038028,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26597596,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18559413,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11592575,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23919507,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3298298,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26890317,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26551045,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25805649,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17206165,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18316956,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7110736,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10321452,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17355730,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22767115,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18827867,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26587691,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18078018,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25648671,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15251678,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16254468 | What are the different classes of orally administered drugs used to treat diabetes | There are a number of classes of medications tha are used to treat Type 2 diabetes. These include biguanides like metformin, which decreased hepatic glucose release; sulfonyureas like Glimepride, metglitinides like repaglin and d-phenylalanine derivatives, all of which stimulate pancreatic insulin release; Glitizones or thiazolidinediones which make the body more sensitive to insulin; DPP-4 inhibitors which lower the amount of glucose made in the body; alpha-glucosidase inhibitors which slow the absorbtion of carbohydrate in the blood; and bile acid sequestrants that lower blood glucose |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27814676,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27587683 | Which pipelines are used for analyzing data from ChIP-nexus experiments? | PeakXus and Q-nexus enable comprehensive transcription factor binding site discovery from ChIP-nexus experiments. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21784376,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17245169,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26405105,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17001070,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23629822,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19225884,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27829091,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12921488,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26758951,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23500327,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16723812,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26474612,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15541327,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25208056,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23464862,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17463321,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22129898,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14499877,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22286441,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23880257,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22457675,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24470059,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20078616,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23618535,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20545813,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24777857,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19370615,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17241784,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15625077,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21802861,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21342078,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20506142,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23919640,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19154957,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19370693 | What do statins do? | Statins lower high cholesterolStatins, which specifically inhibit HMG Co-A reductase, the rate-limiting step of cholesterol biosynthesis, are widely prescribed to reduce serum cholesterol and cardiac risk, |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26206286,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25664683,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25643281,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25433720,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25970658,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25540379,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25547793 | Which cells secretes alpha defensin 5? | Human enteric α-defensins (HD5 and HD6), major antimicrobial peptides produced by Paneth cells in the intestine, play important roles in intestinal innate immunity. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26806344,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25245638,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24404512,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26597211,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25208056,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22845189,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24373206,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25939296,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24874977,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23704171,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23496027,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25312577,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27652354,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26437128,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22658337,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26466221,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17496714 | Do statins cause diabetes? | The relationship between T2DM and statins is further complicated since these drugs can cause new onset diabetes (NOD) although there is an overall benefit in terms of preventing vascular events.Statin use has been associated with increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and with impaired glycemic control in T2DM patients |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27177335,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27609478,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27262873,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27833610,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27815897,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27815904 | What is the effect of nocodazole cell treatment? | Nocodazole trigger mitotic arrest. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26733452 | What is Path2PPI? | Path2PPI is an R package to identify protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks for fully sequenced organisms for which nearly none PPI are known. Path2PPI predicts PPI networks based on sets of proteins from well-established model organisms, providing an intuitive visualization and usability. It can be used to combine and transfer information of a certain pathway or biological process from several reference organisms to one target organism. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24853425,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21412013,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27312051,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27037000,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24194916 | SPAG5 was implicated in which cancers? | SPAG5 was implicated in prostate cancer, lung cancer and cervical cancer. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27557413,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27088494,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27010422,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/489960,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27612155,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27009036,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26889662,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27330653,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23878182,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27337505,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27654889,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27087204,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26925496,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26969497,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22389730,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25294619,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27631604,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27149205,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27490087,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27695855,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26897108,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24626205,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27862959,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27464346 | What are some of the effects of Zika Virus in infected individuals? | While most of the symptoms of zika virus are relatively mild, zika virus in pregnant mothers can cause microcephaly and other congenital defects in the fetus. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23810646,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23100798,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12058885,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22754968,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19273546,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10708809,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22666678,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24366750,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20843284,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20537158,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19453477,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18457919,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12825569,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23208833,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24825206,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19523442,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21677258,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27490658,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20056566,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16838232,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26049014,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10866439,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19457254,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20218988,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23214216,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15750458,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20635821,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23997307,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19557131,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10536125,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23794010,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16494733,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27341844,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20499654,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24524404,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20885781 | What is the function of Oseltamivir when administered during flu? | Oseltamivir (has known by its brand name 'Tamiflu') is a prodrug, requiring ester hydrolysis for conversion to the active form, Oseltamivir carboxylate. Oseltamivir is the first orally active neuraminidase inhibitor and it is an antiviral drug for the treatment of Swine Flu. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15591316,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24723404,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24338474,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20299451,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12644463,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27059953,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15766275,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20534834,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15322084,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12821663,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11867728,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12834808,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12684521,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18650432,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17276981,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17560791,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16135086,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16249316,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20130175,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12805296,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16539675,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20178366,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14724271,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14602727,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24413617,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18359496 | What is the composition of the gamma-secretase complex? | Gamma-secretase is a multisubunit enzyme complex which is consists of four proteins: presenilin 1 (PS1) or presenilin 2 (PS2), nicastrin, Aph-1 and Pen-2. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24675888,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25803405,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23442801,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27831827,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26038951 | List kinases that phosphorylates the protein Bora. | During cell division Bora becomes multiply phosphorylated by a variety of cell cycle kinases, including Aurora A and Plk1, and GSK3β and Cdk1 albeit at distinctive sites. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25315429 | Are deletions of chromosomal regulatory boundaries associated with congenital disease? | Yes. Enhancer adoption caused by deletions of regulatory boundaries may contribute to a substantial minority of copy-number variation phenotypes and should thus be taken into account in their medical interpretation. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24991007,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23078246,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25311713,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23628505,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16862185,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20800867,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23708104,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18617892,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19323834,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21518767,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21390240,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25097219,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20865051,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21510985,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25637535,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26582473,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26889037,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23097446,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17698038,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26826302,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23381475,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19826484,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23187003,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22525038,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21444718,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15546615,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11867732,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27142163,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20561671,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25191977,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15087395,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21278366,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22904261,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27425617 | What is the role of the UBC9 enzyme in the protein sumoylation pathway? | The small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) pathway in eukaryotes is an essential post-translational modification required for a variety of cellular processes, development and organelle biogenesis. SUMO-conjugating enzyme (Ubc9) is the sole conjunction enzyme in the SUMO pathway. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27723753 | Can the Micro-C XL method achieve mononucleosome resolution? | Yes. Micro-C XL is an improved method for analysis of chromosome folding at mononucleosome resolution. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25931474,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24827651,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15746700,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27118464 | Can Diabetes be caused by a defect in a potassium chanel? | Mutations in the KATP channel can lead to neonatal diabetes.Mutations in KATP channel genes can result in hypo- or hypersecretion of insulin, as in neonatal diabetes mellitus and congenital hyperinsulinism, respectively. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22549664,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20219603,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22466890,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23264452,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26387644,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22053966,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23646850,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24466164,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26937292,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26600627 | Which fimA genotypes are associated with disease? | FimA has been characterized as an important virulence factor for P. gingivalis, and many studies, both animal experiments and clinical investigations, have characterized fimA genotypes II, Ib, and IV to be associated with disease (periodontitis and cardiovascular disease) |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24962512,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27141070,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27087632,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27940438,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26281686,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27716873,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27702817,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27908594,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27002934,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27141062,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27022037,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23729402 | Is rucaparib used for ovarian cancer treatment? | Yes, rucaparib is a PARP inhibitor that is used for ovarian cancer treatment. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19458616 | What is the role of cohesins at the IFNG locus? | Cohesins form cell-type-specific long-range chromosomal cis-interactions at the developmentally regulated IFNG locus. Hence, the ability of cohesin to constrain chromosome topology is used not only for the purpose of sister chromatid cohesion, but also to dynamically define the spatial conformation of specific loci. This new aspect of cohesin function is probably important for normal development and disease. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27609724,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23420731,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21106319,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12442245,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16380872,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27951539,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26432739,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25161778,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18649894,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14708424,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27041816,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25954534,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21267975,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17720261,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27473406,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18394847,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21699846,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2357882 | Describe Wellens' Syndrome. | Wellens Syndrome (WS) is a condition characterized by typical changes in ECG, which are biphasic T-wave inversions (less common) or symmetric and deeply inverted T waves (including 75%) in lead V2-V3 chest derivations. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27400686,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27834214,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25398946,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26075709,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27480424,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27477512 | Which human disease is associated with mutated UBQLN2 | Ggene mutations in UBQLN2 cause dominant inheritance of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18823563,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8175773,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11163021,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2609136,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1730728,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15630629,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2341812,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6578216,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9649566,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25328986,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3585172,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11701639,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21716749,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21467726,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22981543,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8198763,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7635945,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2048769,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10419818,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11076954,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2804053 | Which ApoE isoform is associated with hyperlipoproteinemia? | Type III hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) is characterized by the accumulation of remnant lipoproteins in the plasma and it is associated with ApoE2 isoform. ApoE2 binds poorly to low density lipoprotein receptors, resulting in defective remnant lipoprotein clearance. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26824597,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26510652,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17551721,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23348263,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19242361,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27303470,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22220162,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25014884,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23466123,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9069051,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6265607 | Could hypophosphatemic rickets cause craniosynostosis? | Yes, hypophosphatemic rickets could cause craniosynostosis. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26346592,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25249164,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25851751,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26525043,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21154150,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26641142,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24787143,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25087600,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24284262,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26464458,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24570588,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27067232,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25418918,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24165478,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22171087,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22495621,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25650503,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24169027,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23252878,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26035185,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26035186,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25893002,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26020712,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24311349,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22963932,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25562777,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24257717,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23531115,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26546771,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26358483,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22978748,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26679430,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24424707,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24524096,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21767441,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27139079,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26316764,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24871704,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23757185,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24676550,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21486038,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25907797,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22572889,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25260373,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22209361,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23903233,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25350320,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24684240,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22901346,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25874839 | Is vortioxetine effective for treatment of depression? | Yes. Vortioxetine is the most recently approved medication for the treatment of major depressive disorder.Yes, vortioxetine (Lu AA21004) is effective for treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). Vortioxetine is approved for MDD in the USA. Vortioxetine has been also shown to be effective for treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25883142 | Which server is used for simulation of macromolecular diffusional association? | Macromolecular interactions play a crucial role in biological systems. Simulation of diffusional association (SDA) is a software for carrying out Brownian dynamics simulations that can be used to study the interactions between two or more biological macromolecules. webSDA allows users to run Brownian dynamics simulations with SDA to study bimolecular association and encounter complex formation, to compute association rate constants, and to investigate macromolecular crowding using atomically detailed macromolecular structures. webSDA facilitates and automates the use of the SDA software, and offers user-friendly visualization of results.Simulation of diffusional association (SDA) is a software for carrying out Brownian dynamics simulations that can be used to study the interactions between two or more biological macromolecules. webSDA allows users to run Brownian dynamics simulations with SDA to study bimolecular association and encounter complex formation, to compute association rate constants, and to investigate macromolecular crowding using atomically detailed macromolecular structures.webSDA allows users to run Brownian dynamics simulations with SDA to study bimolecular association and encounter complex formation, to compute association rate constants, and to investigate macromolecular crowding using atomically detailed macromolecular structures. webSDA currently has three modules: 'SDA docking' to generate structures of the diffusional encounter complexes of two macromolecules, 'SDA association' to calculate bimolecular diffusional association rate constants, and 'SDA multiple molecules' to simulate the diffusive motion of hundreds of macromolecules. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24952025,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15302513,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23194196,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25997867,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23027830,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19723093,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15527074,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26769089,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22916808,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23394551,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26290674,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22524832 | Can beans induce apoptosis? | White kidney bean lectin has been shown to exert anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects on cancer cells |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25737004,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16325339,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25311081,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7965021,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24160776,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25009532,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25784853,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12553433,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23579071,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19682646,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10718550,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19075702,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1519448,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2309926,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9630636,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11294981,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7553078,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12182890,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3601096 | What is the function of transthyretin in cerebrospinal fluid? | Transthyretin (TTR) is a protein synthesized in the choroid plexus, which forms the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. TTR is the physiological carrier of thyroxine (T4) and retinol from the blood into the cerebrospinal fluid and their distribution in the brain. The transport of T4 is important for normal development of the brain. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21610562,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26767158,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10979347,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25660151,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19063792,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2173098,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8133999,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17091219,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8642152,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8608668,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18176826,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18242414,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3961454,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2534534,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25600788,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24719163,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22197283,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12561154,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17497458,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21481093,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/417541,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2240392,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21701137,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/355046,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17470323,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8420729,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26386902,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20650043,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/133304 | Can you define iatrogenic disease? | An iatrogenic disease is one that arises from treatment of another illness, such as an arrythmia that results from surgery or and hospital aquired infection in an immunocompromised patient. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24760871,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17652534,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21501576,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8834474,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8269857,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9142492,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12702775,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23347447,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7684712,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8320168,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10885676,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25805416,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20454996,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23858437,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10906452,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19931641,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20683859,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18636017,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1504451,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6517351,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3085152,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22170630,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1967835,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9247201,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3425403,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14576682,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25752517,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2685414,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17631447,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23815504 | Where do the Schwann cells and melanocytes originate from? | Schwann cells and melanocytes originate from the multipotent population of neural crest cells. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24726473,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27843126,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27714920,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23487782,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27607563 | Please list 3 diseases associated with the PIEZO2 gene. | Recently, Gordon syndrome has been associated to heterozygous mutations in the piezo-type mechanosensitive ion channel component 2 gene (PIEZO2). Different mutations of this gene also cause distal arthrogryposis type 5 and Marden-Walker syndrome. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25229175,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22762295,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27655070,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24324965,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23538072,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24519190,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18370582 | Is treatment resistant depression related to vitamin B9? | Treatment with SAMe, as well as with various formulations of folates and analogues, appears to be efficacious and well tolerated in reducing depressive symptoms in treatment resistant depression. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25379384,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21315458,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22703893,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27273464 | Where is the protein slitrk1 localized? | Slitrk1 is enriched in postsynaptic fractions and is localized to excitatory synapses. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9555141,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18769278,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16918633,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21796071,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23726525,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8292878,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26513674,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25923501,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9219751,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22638078,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26964837,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26943985,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2331828,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17569597,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27024906,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25933078,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8250530,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24882829 | Describe clinical manifestation of the Harlequin syndrome. | Harlequin syndrome is characterized by the sudden onset of unilateral facial flushing and sweating, often preceded by exercise, excessive heat, or, rarely, regional anesthesia. It is a rare autonomic disorder due to a hemifacial cutaneous sympathetic denervation. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27412572,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18854373,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11731421,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27581057,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23818606,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16844902,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16275352,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21051661,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15342494,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10585392,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12368504,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12324474,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17914096,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26976604,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22956996,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23288897,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11337588,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21403132,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14502989,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27546621,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21317535,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21876386,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27833851,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16310364,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15867213,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24286178,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24973710 | What is the role of the constitutive photomorphogenesis 9 signalosome (CSN)? | The constitutive photomorphogenesis 9 (COP9) signalosome (CSN) is a protein complex involved in the ubiquitin proteasome system and plays a role in regulating the degradation of polyubiquitinated proteins. The mammalian CSN is also involved in embryonic development, in cancer and the DNA damage response, whereas in plants CSN plays a role in innate immunity. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25580790,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26470624,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26201313,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26831295,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18754844,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27665300,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23670060,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25040429,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22013960,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21756155,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24144253,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19997689,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26801356,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19371236,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20652119,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27799806,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23247938,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23106519,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20628295,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19213236,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22644772,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27136622,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21091684,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19451504,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21457202,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21128923,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27518661,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27388530 | Is adalimumab effective for hidradenitis suppurativa? | Yes, Adalimumab, a recombinant, fully humanized, anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNF-α) monoclonal antibody, is the only officially approved treatment for the management of moderate-to-severe hidradenitis suppurativa. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26780125,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12208918,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21606991,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20048104,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19034171,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27064472 | What is Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease | Legg-Calve-Perthes disease is idiopathic avascular necrosis of the hip, usually occurring in pediatric populations.Legg-Calvé-Perthes' (Perthes') disease is a developmental disease of the hip joint that may result in numerous short and long term problems. Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD) is the insidious onset of idiopathic avascular necrosis of the hip in the pediatric population. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24928998 | What is promoted by ERAP1-ERAP2 dimerization? | ERAP1-ERAP2 dimerization increases peptide-trimming efficiency.ERAP1-ERAP2 dimerization increases peptide-trimming efficiency. ERAP1-ERAP2 heterodimers produce several mature epitopes more efficiently than a mix of the two enzymes unable to dimerize. Physical interaction with ERAP2 changes basic enzymatic parameters of ERAP1 and improves its substrate-binding affinity. Thus, by bringing the two enzymes in proximity and by producing allosteric effects on ERAP1, dimerization of ERAP1/2 creates complexes with superior peptide-trimming efficacy. Such complexes are likely to enhance Ag presentation by cells displaying coordinated expression of the two enzymes.The endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidases (ERAP)1 and ERAP2 play a critical role in the production of final epitopes presented by MHC class I molecules. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26655866,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26184993,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26665894,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25429080,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23037146,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21272731,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15134611,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19952249,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21916393,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22166747,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27904584,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12756315,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27957702 | What is plantar fasciitis | Plantar fascia (PF) disorders like plantar fasciitis commonly cause heel pain and disability and are thought to be degenerative rather than inflammatory in nature |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24726323,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23746843,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26503766,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23806334,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26235645,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26085216,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24726327,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24461064,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27559085 | Which is the enzymatic activity of OTULIN? | OTULIN is a deubiquitinase, that specifically cleaves Met1-linked polyUb. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26312418,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25620563,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27255695,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26300264 | List diseases that could be targeted by disaggregases? | UBQLN2 acts with the HSP70-HSP110 disaggregase machinery to clear protein aggregates via the 26S proteasome. UBQLN2 recognizes client-bound HSP70 and links it to the proteasome to allow for the degradation of aggregated and misfolded proteins. We further show that this process is active in the cell nucleus, where another system for aggregate clearance, autophagy, does not act. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15792498,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16732742,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18282269,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25337310,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23121489,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10701282,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19711147,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24928237,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22441728,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27576903,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21511473,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21539718,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15038935,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19319925,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15077440,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11915156,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17394635,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24175169,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10095647,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16351715,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1811781 | Can NEECHAM Confusion Scale be used for evaluation of postoperative delirium? | Yes, NEECHAM Confusion Scale can be used for evaluation of postoperative delirium. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2702506,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27942856,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25919473,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19011582,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21885699,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19589853,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7754892,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24652474,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24283550,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24211154,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10890460,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3871127,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10738419,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24374758 | What is adhesive capsulitis | Adhesive capsulitis also known as "frozen shoulder" is characterized by painful, gradual loss of active and passive shoulder motion resulting from fibrosis and contracture of the joint capsule. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27402679 | Describe the applicability of Semantic MediaWiki in the case of FANTOM5 | To make the heterogeneous data set accessible and useful for investigators, a web-based database called Semantic catalog of Samples, Transcription initiation And Regulators (SSTAR) has been developed. SSTAR utilizes the open source wiki software MediaWiki along with the Semantic MediaWiki (SMW) extension, which provides flexibility to model, store, and display a series of data sets produced during the course of the FANTOM5 project. The use of SMW demonstrates the utility of the framework for dissemination of large-scale analysis results. SSTAR is a case study in handling biological data generated from a large-scale research project in terms of maintenance and growth alongside research activities |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17103449,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11571861,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21403557,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22872265,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24686979,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10696568,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14613973,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18818193,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19086028,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21233754,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26740388,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15241680,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26028288,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19215249,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19755431,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24168007,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20592905,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18000976,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23044018,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24448525,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16251895,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24705944,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19449410,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14963686,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17070479,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22446440,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23378035,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22016144,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22544111 | Is there an association between Muenke Syndrome and FGFR3 gene mutation? | Yes, Muenke syndrome is caused by point mutation (C749G) in the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor3 (FGFR3) gene. It affects 1 in 30,000 newborns and accounts for 25% to 30% of genetic causes of craniosynostosis. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26791998 | Which R package is used for visualization of linear and circular karyotypes? | The chromDraw graphical tool was developed as a user-friendly graphical tool for visualizing both linear and circular karyotypes based on the same input data matrix. The output graphics, saved in two different formats (EPS and SVG), can be easily imported to and modified in presentation and image-editing computer programs. The tool is freely distributed under GNU General Public License (GPL) and can be installed from Bioconductor or from the chromDraw home page.The chromDraw graphical tool was developed as a user-friendly graphical tool for visualizing both linear and circular karyotypes based on the same input data matrix. The tool is freely distributed under GNU General Public License (GPL) and can be installed from Bioconductor or from the chromDraw home page. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22566811,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11808015,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10742580,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14969309,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23436190,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12822115,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7013291,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11503361,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22185830 | Has small pox been eradicated from the world? | smallpox is now eradicated.Yes, small pox has been eradicated.smallpox is now eradicatedsmall pox has been eradicated. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25795669,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26100928 | Where is Akkermansia muciniphila found? | Akkermansia muciniphila is a Gram-negative mucin-degrading bacterium that resides in the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and animals.RYGB led to altered relative abundances of 31 species (P < 0.05, q < 0.15) within the first 3 months, including those of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Veillonella spp., Streptococcus spp., Alistipes spp., and Akkermansia muciniphila. Main findings are as follows: (1) gut microbiota compositions of cecal and fecal samples were altered in BTBR compared to control mice, indicating that this model may be of utility in understanding gut-brain interactions in ASD; (2) KD consumption caused an anti-microbial-like effect by significantly decreasing total host bacterial abundance in cecal and fecal matter; (3) specific to BTBR animals, the KD counteracted the common ASD phenotype of a low Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio in both sample types; and (4) the KD reversed elevated Akkermansia m However, faeces from the UC cohort had lower proportions of Akkermansia muciniphila and increased diversity within Clostridium cluster XIVa compared to controls.Gut fermentation of NSP and starch is diminished in patients with UC. Specific members of the microbiota such as Akkermansia muciniphila might be decreased in diabetes and when administered to murines exerted antidiabetic effects. In parallel, the antibiotic susceptibility of Akkermansia muciniphila Muc(T) strain was studied and this strain was observed by electron microscopy. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22722342 | Is there alternative polyadenylation during zebrafish development? | Yes. There is extensive alternative polyadenylation during zebrafish development. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18929641,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15507761,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15507762,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15824103,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27540115,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23957209,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22549734,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17900370,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16329988,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17583407,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16507994,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20454568,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20609497,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23322165,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17913709,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16762923,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16911517,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26781991,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18463161 | Which NADPH oxidase family member requires interaction with NOXO1 for function? | NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) requires interaction with NOXO1 for function. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18174240,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21331621 | Are alterations in ultraconserved elements implicated in breast cancer? | Yes. SNPs in ultraconserved elements (UCEs) might be associated with cancer risk. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27861144,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27393507,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27923714,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26902828,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27169328,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27660466,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27835594,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27912836,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26620497,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27885838,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27196753,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26515464,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26720671,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27071706,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27649127,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26898616,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26943236 | What is the mechanism of action of Osimertinib? | Osimertinib is a third-generation irreversible tyrosine kinase inhibitor of both activating EGFR mutations and resistance-associated T790M point mutation. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12920401,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1328936,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7842074,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18800266,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6395627,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9203176,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20127218,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7869998,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24696311,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10906158,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25810436,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9502562,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23342992,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22282380,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15875219,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21431899,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16953151,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23164417,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19915517,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15056980,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22142744,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8897553,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24377430,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27277374,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21705784 | What is Bartter syndrome? | All forms of Bartter syndrome are characterized by hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, and secondary hyperaldosteronismAll forms of hereditary Bartter syndrome are characterized by hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, and secondary hyperaldosteronism. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19653328 | Is there any tool that facilitates the functional analysis of cis-regulatory regions in zebrafish? | Yes. The zebrafish enhancer detection (ZED) vector is a tool that facilitates transgenesis and the functional analysis of cis-regulatory regions in zebrafish. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27016142,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26464443,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23118484 | List RNA modifications databases | RMBase and MODOMICS |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15027924,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11720149,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8678146,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15572962,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23871223,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26016316,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26953551,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11854637,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23040928,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26446688,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23697398,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25806101,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21501125,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1471661,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10843242,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8765269,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9914607,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10847654,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19703145,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19663680,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17666652,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8059835 | Please list the 3 findings in HELLP syndrome. | hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets constitute the hellp syndrome.HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets) is an obstetric complication and is characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, elevated liver enzymes by intravascular breakdown of fibrin in hepatic sinusoids and reduction of platelet circulation by its increased consumption |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10952390,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22371403,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24379252,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23098757,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22258527,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10536986,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19938076,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23787126,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20485200,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9546825,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10790403,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23020089,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23512835,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10851256,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27604145,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22196401,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26252099 | Which mutated gene is associated with Waardenburg and Tietz syndromes? | Mutations in microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) gene cause Waardenburg and Tietz syndromes. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25537565,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23457582,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19159975,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20926643 | List the three most abundant bacterial phyla present in mouse feces. | Firmicutes
Proteobacteria
Bacteroidetes |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27802215,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27814292,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17662889,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1301951,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11172667,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20886046,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8745433,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6310991,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7624311 | What gene is mutated in Sickle Cell Anemia? | Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by by the HBB:c.20A>T mutation that leads to hemoglobin S synthesis. sca patients present clinical and hematologic variability that cannot be only explained by the single mutation in the beta-globin gene. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24821091,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17328886,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11517192,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11850620,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10328918,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12213208,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12745383,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17907424,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21795282,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25028519,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19906842,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18434416,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10615989,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11332615,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18059015,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25808752,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10631175,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9486541,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22507129,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11714677,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23928032,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10742444,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21411723,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10208865,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15355563,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11748145,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10465785,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11466306,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22190639,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14991716,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21566205,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10491221,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25479004,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19035497,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8662546,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24844414,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12968668 | What is the function of the Indian hedgehog protein in chondrocytes? | Indian hedgehog is a protein that regulates endochondral differentiation and ossification in both a parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP)-dependent and -independent manner by activating transcriptional mediator Gli2 and is an essential factor for proper skeletal development. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26993089 | What is the function of R-spondin 1 and noggin in non-damaged gallbladders? | R-spondin 1 and noggin facilitate expansion of resident stem cells from non-damaged gallbladders. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16856704,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1597367,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15865255,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16989500,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10481507,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11995671,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24874612,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10938204,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10534638,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14980194,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10332378,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12783021,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1923442,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24827666,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15068454,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2584463,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7856459,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8725591,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24656464,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24225172,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22836908,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7640193,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3228056,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26635986,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8302226,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12081001,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16096940,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9224474,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17103360,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26698837 | List the classical triad of symptoms of the Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome. | The Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome consists of the classical triad of symptoms:
1) orofacial oedema
2) fissured tongue (lingua plicata) and
3) facial paralysis. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27102949,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23980545,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27174694,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21235447,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24630271,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27559188,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21900191,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27499018,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26053270,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22654679,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23199589,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24950666,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25453586,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23046562,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27839981,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25812601,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22916340 | Which disease is treated with taliglucerase alfa? | Taliglucerase alfa, the first available plant cell-expressed recombinant therapeutic protein, is an enzyme replacement therapy approved for Gaucher disease. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26923788 | What is formin associated with in the snail? | Formin is associated with Left-Right asymmetry in the pond snail and the frog.Formin Is Associated with Left-Right Asymmetry in the Pond Snail and the Frog |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16775624,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3271526,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7533711,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/98518,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3023854,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2345155,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7786016 | What is the major difference between eucaryotes and procaryotes? | Eucaryotes have a nucleolus, Procaryotes do not. Eucrayotes have a nuclear membrane, organelles and differ in transcription and translation. Procaryotes have polycistronic RNA and the initiation of protein synthesis proceeds with an initiator tRNA which is found to be modified (formylated) in procaryotes and not in eucaryotes. The nucleolus is the most prominent compartment in the nucleus and known as the site for ribosome biogenesis in eucaryotes. In contrast, there is no such equivalent structure for ribosome synthesis in procaryotes Eucaryotic and procaryotic organisms differ in two aspects of their translation machinery: polycistronic messengers are expressed as a sequence of individual proteins only in procaryotes, and the initiation of protein synthesis proceeds with an initiator tRNA which is found to be modified (formylated) in procaryotes and not in eucaryotes.The nucleolus is the most prominent compartment in the nucleus and known as the site for ribosome biogenesis in eucaryotes. In contrast, there is no such equivalent structure for ribosome synthesis in procaryotes Eucaryotic and procaryotic organisms differ in two aspects of their translation machinery: polycistronic messengers are expressed as a sequence of individual proteins only in procaryotes, and the initiation of protein synthesis proceeds with an initiator tRNA which is found to be modified (formylated) in procaryotes and not in eucaryotes. extra guanylate at the 5' end of mature E. coli tRNAHis is encoded in the gene and is found in tRNA as the result of an unusual cleavage by RNase P There are considerable differences of run distributions in DNA sequences of procaryotes, invertebrates and vertebrates. However, some interesting exceptions from this rule exist for the run distribution of adenine in procaryotes and for the arrangement of purine-pyrimidine runs in eucaryotes |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27477512 | What is the HSP70-HSP110 disaggregase machinery? | Clearance of misfolded and aggregated proteins is central to cell survival. UBQLN2 acts with the HSP70-HSP110 disaggregase machinery to clear protein aggregates via the 26S proteasome. UBQLN2 recognizes client-bound HSP70 and links it to the proteasome to allow for the degradation of aggregated and misfolded proteins. We further show that this process is active in the cell nucleus, where another system for aggregate clearance, autophagy, does not act. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22153900,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23237904,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24958194,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27822510,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22472873,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26522186 | Has whole exome sequencing been performed in Alzheimer patients? | Yes, numerous whole exome sequencing studies of ALzheimer patients have been conducted. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25326329 | Which is the genome browser database for DNA shape annotations? | GBshape provides minor groove width, propeller twist, roll, helix twist and hydroxyl radical cleavage predictions for the entire genomes of 94 organisms. Additional genomes can easily be added using the GBshape framework. GBshape can be used to visualize DNA shape annotations qualitatively in a genome browser track format, and to download quantitative values of DNA shape features as a function of genomic position at nucleotide resolution. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25178516,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25829541,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25798064,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25852285 | Is Stat4 a transcription factor? | Yes, Stat4 is a transcription factor.
Stat4 is a member of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family of molecules that localizes to the cytoplasm. STAT4 regulates various genes expression as a transcription factor after it is phosphorylated, dimerizes and translocates to the nucleus. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25539566 | Have the promoter regions of the genes implicated in Rett Syndrome been characterized with CAGE? | Yes. Promoter regions of the genes implicated in Rett Syndrome have been characterized using CAGE. |