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Although the number of people smoking is at its lowest level since records began, approximately 1 in 5 adults continue to smoke in England and approximately 96,000 people die each year as a direct result of smoking.
Most smokers want to quit but find it difficult due to the heavily addictive nature of nicotine. Most adult smokers start smoking as children making it a childhood decision that becomes an adult addiction. Smokers who start before the age of 16 are twice as likely to continue smoking in later life and are also more likely to be heavier smokers. Preventing children from starting smoking is key to reducing the long-term harm caused by smoking in our society.
What can we do?
Reducing youth uptake of smoking requires us to change the adult world in which children grow up in. Parental smoking along with other significant adults smoking has a major influence on whether a young person starts smoking. Children who grow up in a home where one parent smokes are 60% more likely to start smoking themselves, if both parents smoke this risk is even greater. Protecting at-risk children requires a package of interventions that should be delivered synergistically.
- Promoting robust whole school smoke-free policies that reduce children’s exposure to smoking by adults.
- Encouraging parents to quit through supportive approaches and publicising the school smoke-free policy
Resources for young people
- Be Healthy Bucks offers advice and support to quit smoking. Although the service is not a specialist youth service it can support young people over the age of 12 years who are motivated to quit. Call 03332 300177 or visit the Be Healthy BucksWebsite for more information.
- Visit ASH who are a campaigning public health charity that works to eliminate the harm caused by tobacco. There is a range of resources and information that can be downloaded, including information on e-cigarettes (vaping).
- For more information about health and wellbeing in Bucks please visit Health and wellbeing Bucks via NHS | <urn:uuid:6b92d26c-e377-4372-9db6-344b70f074ed> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://schoolsweb.buckscc.gov.uk/public-health/smoking/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.952365 | 394 | 3.765625 | 4 |
Positive interactions occur when neither species is harmed and the benefits of the interaction are greater than the costs for at least one species. Facilitation is a synonym for positive interactions.
Mutualism: Mutually beneficial interaction between individuals of two species (+/+).
Commensalism: Individuals of one species benefit, while individuals of the other species do not benefit and are not harmed (+/0). (Birds cleaning off non-parasitic bugs on large herbivores)
Symbiosis: A relationship in which the two species live in close physiological contact with each other, such as corals and algae.
Symbioses can include parasitism (+/–), commensalism (+/0), and mutualism (+/+).
Most plants form mycorrhizae: Symbiotic associations between the roots and various fungi. (found everywhere- essential for plant evolution on land)
The fungi increase the surface area for the plant to take up water and soil nutrients (over 3 m of fungal hyphae may extend from 1 cm of plant root).
Ectomycorrhizae: The fungus grows between root cells and forms a mantle around the root. Small, multiple roots; thin “worm-like” extensions,
Arbuscular mycorrhizae: The fungus grows into the soil, extending away from the root; and also penetrates into some of the plant root cells. (longer, spine-like sheath root systems)
- Corals form a mutualism with symbiotic algae.
- The coral provides the alga with a home, nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), and access to sunlight.
- The alga provides the coral with carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis.
- Herbivores such as cattle and sheep depend on bacteria and protists that live in their guts to help metabolize cellulose. (mutualism)
- Another example is mutualism is pollination
- Wood-eating insects also have gut protists that can digest cellulose.
- Commensalism is also everywhere.
- Millions of species form +/0 relationships with organisms that provide habitat.
- Different types of ecological interactions can evolve into commensalism or mutualism.
- Mutualism can arise from a host–parasite interaction.
- Some positive interactions are highly species-specific, and obligate (not optional for either species, rely on each other).
- Many mutualisms and commensalisms are facultative (not obligate) and show few signs of coevolution.
- Interactions between two species can be categorized by the outcome for each species:
- Positive (benefits > costs).
- Negative (costs > benefits).
- Neutral (benefits = costs).
- But costs and benefits can vary.
- Each partner in a mutualistic interaction acts in ways that serve its own ecological and evolutionary interests.
- Mutualisms can be categorized by the type of benefits that result.
- Trophic mutualisms: Mutualist receives energy or nutrients from its partner. (i.e mycorrhizae)
- Habitat mutualisms: One partner provides the other with shelter, living space, or favorable habitat.
- Service mutualisms: One partner performs an ecological service for the other. Ecological services include pollination, dispersal, and defense against herbivores, predators, or parasites. (i.e bees pollinating plants)
- Cheaters are individuals that increase offspring production by overexploiting their mutualistic partner.
- Positive interactions affect the abundances and distributions of populations as well as the composition of ecological communities.
- Mutualism and commensalism can increase the growth, survival, or reproduction of the interacting species.
- Positive interactions also influence community composition.
- Many coral reef fish have service mutualisms with smaller organisms (cleaners) that remove parasites from the fish (clients). | <urn:uuid:7da85aec-847a-4df9-a97a-249cbf7d8e40> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://schoolworkhelper.net/mutualism-and-commensalism/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.886624 | 817 | 3.875 | 4 |
Many Australians have a poor fibre intake, according to the Australian Institute of Health & Welfare. Marine ecologist, entrepreneur and Honorary Research Fellow at the University of Wollongong Dr Pia Winberg explains how it is possible to improve the gut microbiome through introducing seaweed soluble dietary fibres in the western diet.
The gut microbiome is the population of microorganisms within our bodies, estimated at around 100 trillion (10 microbes per cell). At this scale, scientists are recognising the role our gut microbiome plays in many areas of health, including inflammatory diseases such as arthritis, cardiovascular conditions such as atherosclerosis and mental health disorders such as depression.
“We are now starting to understand how the microbiome is involved with the prevention of the many disorders due to chronic lifestyle of a poor gut, specifically one that is deficient in a diversity of fibre.”
Australia’s first commercial seaweed farm, Venus Shell Systems, was established by Winberg in 2013 and produces a unique bioactive extract from green seaweed. The extract can be ingested as soluble dietary fibre.
“Brown and red seaweed cultivation took off in the 1940s but we’re among the first to cultivate green seaweed. We can grow it on a land around twenty times faster than any other land crop,” says Winberg.
Venus Shell Systems is completing a study to explore how the extract could improve gut health.
“We did a full-scale clinical trial called BioBelly. We fed the extract to 65 people for six weeks to look at the effects of seaweed soluble dietary extracts on the gut microbiome,” Winberg explains.
Winberg is excited about the changes the extract has made in livestock gut flora patterns, and is looking forward to seeing whether there are similar effects in the human microbiome. BioBelly trial results are due in February, and already participants have provided positive anecdotal feedback and want to continue with the trial.
As a prebiotic, the green seaweed extract functions as food for the extensive microbial species that already exist inside of us, serving to boost the diversity of beneficial ones. This contrasts to probiotics where new microorganisms are selectively consumed.
Winberg and researchers at the University of Wollongong are studying green seaweed gels as part of new bioprinting research. The gels, used as a new ‘bioink’, provide a suitable material for cells to be grown in.
“The structure of green seaweed molecules is actually more similar to the human cell matrix – the glue holding our cells together. It’s exciting to explore how these gels can be used.”
Despite the applications of seaweeds in food and medicine, Winberg says Australia is yet to take part in the global seaweed industry.
“It’s a six billion dollar global crop for food production alone. Australia can excel, not by being the biggest seaweed industry, but by being the most quality controlled and sustainability focused.
– Guy Fenton | <urn:uuid:9a98e44c-d337-4a66-8e45-76639724b341> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://sciencemeetsbusiness.com.au/tag/sustainable-industry/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.933556 | 622 | 3.21875 | 3 |
October Breast Cancer Awareness: A Moment for Thought and Action
October is marked as a critical month to raise awareness for breast cancer as it holds a great deal of importance.
During breast cancer awareness month, we are reminded of the value of early detection, knowledge of the disease’s risks, and support for those impacted by it.
A perfect opportunity to wear pink, raise awareness, support and improve our communities.
Knowing Breast Cancer and How It Affects Patients
What is Breast Cancer?
Breast cancer is a critical medical condition where the cells in the breast grow out of control.
This results in the formation of a tumor that usually feels like a lump. These cells can infect nearby tissues and spread to other sections of the body if left untreated.
Although it primarily affects women, men can also get breast cancer.
Around 685,000 people died worldwide due to breast cancer in 2020*. Singapore has one of the highest cases of breast cancer in Asia.
The rate has tripled over the past 50 years, reaching 74 cases per 100,000 women*.
Challenges Faced by Breast Cancer Patients
Breast cancer patients deal with a wide range of psychological and physical difficulties.
On a physical level, individuals may have some symptoms affecting their quality of life, from treatments like chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, and endocrine therapy.
These symptoms vary from person to person. However, urinary and vaginal health problems have been commonly reported, during and after these treatments, by women patients.
Chemotherapy can cause premenopausal women to experience an early menopause, which can increase the risk of vaginal atrophy and urinary incontinence.
Radiation to the pelvis can harm the bladder and nearby structures, leading to radiation cystitis or increased frequency and urgency of urination.
Surgery can result in lymphedema, which can put pressure on the bladder and cause urinary incontinence, particularly if the lymph nodes are removed.
Vaginal dryness and other menopausal symptoms can be brought on by or made worse by endocrine therapies. The discomfort, elevated risk of urinary tract infections, and urinary incontinence can exacerbate this dryness.
Vaginal Problems in Women Receiving Breast Cancer Therapy
Women who have had breast cancer therapy may experience a variety of vaginal complications as a result of different treatments.
Many women experience vaginal dryness at different times throughout their lives, particularly during menopause. However, the beginning of this symptom can be particularly severe in women receiving treatment for breast cancer.
The delicate hormonal balance of the body, especially estrogen, is crucial for preserving vaginal health.
Significant changes in hormone levels may result from breast cancer treatments like chemotherapy and particular hormonal therapies.
In premenopausal women, chemotherapy can cause early menopause and a sharp drop in estrogen levels. Vaginal atrophy and dryness may result from this sudden hormonal shift.
Similar to this, hormone therapy medications like tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors work to block or lessen the impact of estrogen in the body, which may worsen or cause vaginal dryness symptoms.
- Vaginal Atrophy
The term ‘vaginal atrophy’ describes the thinned, dried-out, and inflamed vaginal walls brought on by a decline in estrogen levels, which is frequently experienced during menopause.
Symptoms of this condition include vaginal dryness, burning, itching, discomfort during sexual activity, and an increased risk of urinary tract infections.
Urinary incontinence, or the unintentional loss of urine, can be a side effect experienced by some breast cancer patients.
Treatments such as chemotherapy can induce early menopause, leading to reduced estrogen levels.
This hormonal change can result in weakened pelvic muscles and urinary tract issues, contributing to incontinence.
Additionally, certain medications and the stress of a cancer diagnosis can exacerbate urinary problems. Patients must communicate these side effects to their healthcare practitioners to manage and potentially alleviate symptoms.
Treatments for breast cancer can weaken the immune system, leaving patients more prone to infections.
White blood cell counts frequently drop as a result of chemotherapy, lowering the body’s main line of defense against viral and bacterial pathogens. Additionally, surgical procedures carry a risk of postoperative infections.
Radiation can weaken nearby healthy tissue, making it more susceptible to infection while also killing cancer cells.
Therefore, those who have breast cancer and those who have survived it need to be cautious about the risk of infection while also paying close attention to their symptoms and getting regular checkups.
Unlocking Hope: Fotona Smooth XS in Breast Cancer Survivors Getting Back Life Quality Again
With the advancement of technology, new machines and equipment are being introduced.
Among these is the Fotona Smooth XS, which aids in breast cancer related gynecological conditions.
With the help of this innovative technology, a number of issues can be resolved effectively.
Because Fotona Smooth XS uses a non-invasive, non-ablative, and painless method, patients can choose it with confidence and ease.
The procedure also involves minimal to no downtime for the patient.
These key features are significant for breast cancer survivors because it helps them experience as little discomfort and lifestyle disruption as possible.
Fotona Smooth is a helpful tool for gynecologists to fulfill the hopes of their patients and improve their life quality.
Fotona smooth XS is an innovation in gynecological lasers.
It works on non-ablative thermal stimulation principle which involves using modulated erbium YAG laser to trigger tissue repair, regeneration and tightening via the body secondary wound healing mechanism.
Carefully modulated thermal energy penetrates the skin without burns or irritation stimulating improved circulation and the synthesis of collagen and elastin.
Urologists and gynecologists can use this technology to improve the tissue health and general well-being of their patients.
Benefits of Fotona’s ER: YAG with Smooth-Mode
With FOTONA Smooth Mode, the treatments are based on a specially engineered, patented, non-ablative laser mode that delivers effective solutions for patients suffering from more than one type of problem.
Fotona’s Variable Square Pulse (VSP) technology forms controlled sequences of square-shaped pulses, enabling the pulse duration and energy levels to be adjusted and making it safe and highly adaptable for a variety of medical operations.
Precision is what distinguishes this laser from others. Er:YAG laser is perfect to treat lesions of the uterine neck and vagina.
Water in the skin readily absorbs the Er: YAG laser wavelength, enabling careful control and terminating unnecessary absorption.
This feature prevents damage to the surrounding tissues, allowing quicker recovery and reduced suffering for the patients.
A revolutionary use of Incontilase laser mode is treating stress and mixed urinary incontinence.
- This laser treatment strengthens the anterior vaginal wall and improves the urethral support thermally by using proprietary “Smooth-Mode” technology, which lessens the symptoms of incontinence. Those with bladder control problems can find relief using this non-surgical method.
- Two sessions of Incontilase® with a one-month interval are usually sufficient to treat mild or even moderate stress urinary incontinence.
- Incisionless and normal everyday activities can be started immediately without any risks. Recovery is quick
Treatment for Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause/Vaginal Atrophy
Renovalase® works by non-ablative gentle photothermal treatment of the vaginal canal using very low energies that cause mild hyperthermia and induce microvascularization and tissue regeneration without shrinking the collagen. It restores normal vaginal mucosa structure and function and eliminates the need for long term estrogen treatment.
- This laser mode aims to address vaginal dryness and associated symptoms. By carefully delivering gentle heat in the vaginal canal via Smooth-Mode, the laser induces micro-vascularization, fibroblast activity, and collagen formation.
- This non-ablative treatment restores the thickness of the vaginal wall, improving its structure and reducing dryness, itching, burning, and discomfort.
- Lasting results without the need for constant applications of creams and gels.
- Minimally invasive but walk-in/walk-out procedure.
Laser treatment for Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Prolaplase® is a laser treatment for pelvic organ prolapse that uses Fotona SMOOTH® laser technology to photothermally strengthen the tissue around the prolapse area via laser-mediated stimulation of collagen remodeling and synthesis of new collagen fibers.
- Employing Smooth-Mode to fortify the tissues around the prolapse area it is intended to induce collagen remodeling and formation of new collagen fibers.
- Aids in delaying or even avoiding more invasive procedures for pelvic organ prolapse.
- 3 to 5 sessions of Prolaplase® at a one-month interval are usually sufficient for most patients.
- Good results even for a higher grade prolapse.
- Incisionless with quick recovery. | <urn:uuid:3da9f30e-df6a-4a21-8ce4-41820a06f26c> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://servicomsingapore.com/revolutionizing-breast-cancer-care-with-fotona-smooth-xs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.903935 | 1,880 | 2.953125 | 3 |
ROAD SALT IN WINTER
During the winter, road salt is applied to the roadway to melt snow and ice.
For regions that experience frequent snowstorms, salting can help keep streets and sidewalks clear and prevent slick driving conditions. Road salting is a common practice in many states and is widely considered an effective method for preventing weather-related collisions. In fact, the American Highway Users Alliance found that road salt reduces collisions by up to 85%.
While it may be a tried-and-true method for preventing ice, road salt can take a toll on vehicle parts and the environment. So, what’s the verdict? Is the use of salt to de-ice roads a good or bad thing? Learn more about the pros and cons of de-icing and preventing slick roads with salt. | <urn:uuid:9844d479-4d2d-40b8-a172-30900aff4f39> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://shiningstarwash.com/keep-old-man-winter-at-bay-with-ceramic-wax/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.934259 | 164 | 2.671875 | 3 |
In the last 20 years, the rise of social networking sites has been strongly correlated with increasing mental health rates among young people. The surge in popularity of these platforms have created a monumental shift in how children and young people interact and share information. Social media has become embedded into the lives of young people, with this online world seemingly inescapable. Whilst social media can bring many positives in terms of communication and self-expression, it can also foster stress and worry. Overall, the extent to which social media is harmful to mental health is largely dependent on type and frequency of use.
This blog will be discussing the extent to which social media contributes to rising mental health rates in young people. It will also explore the positives and negatives of these platforms.
What is Social Media?
Social media is described as websites and applications that facilitate the creation and sharing of information, ideas and interests through virtual communities. Traditional media, consisting of books, radio and newspapers, have been expanded by digital media, including the internet, TV and mobile phones, enabling individuals to be both creators and consumers of online content. This allows the sharing of knowledge and ideas to be available worldwide, quicker and easier than ever before.
History of Social Media
Social networking sites launched in 1997. SixDegrees was the first social media platform and allowed users to generate profiles, message friends and family and post on their pages. Despite this, it was not until 2003 that social media really took off with the introduction of MySpace and Facebook. However, these older forms of social media, are now being overtaken by newer platforms such as TikTok, Snapchat and Instagram, all with different features and purposes.
Benefits of Social Media
One benefit of social media platforms is that they can provide a voice for young people who suffer with social anxiety and struggle to express themselves through face-to-face interactions. Therefore, social media creates a platform for self-expression and creativity.
Social movements rely on the power and scale of social media to spread messages, educate and raise awareness to important issues such as the Black Lives Matter movement. Similarly, in relation to the Covid-19 pandemic, social media has become an essential tool for education and communication with friends and family.
Social media enables communication on a colossal scale allowing individuals to stay in contact with family and friends around the world. It also allows young people to access support and advice for their mental health issues.
Impact on Social Wellbeing
Social media can be detrimental to young people’s relationships by fuelling feelings of jealousy and mistrust. It is also important to note that social media can be damaging to friendships by creating and maximising issues through defriending and blocking. Despite this, social media may also address issues including social isolation and loneliness, by allowing young people to create virtual communities and find new friends who share similar interests.
FOMO and Addiction
The fear of missing out (FOMO) is one of the most prominent factors in driving addictive behaviour to social networking platforms. Exposure to other people’s social activities on these platforms can lead to users’ comparing their own social lives with that of their peers. FOMO can also foster exclusion in young adults by observing friends hanging out without them through social media.
Social media addiction refers to a psychological or behavioural dependence on these platforms. Research has also suggested that texting and notifications release the addictive chemical dopamine, the same chemical that is released when an individual smokes, drinks or gambles. This raises the debate as to whether industries should play a role in regulation and whether excessive social media use should be diagnosable as a form of behavioural addiction.
Mobile devices and computer screens, used to access social media, emit high levels of artificial blue light leading to sleep deprivation and disrupted sleep cycles. The brain reacts to the exposure of blue light by signalling the pineal gland to stop the production of melatonin which makes us feel tired.
Poor sleep is linked to a variety of physical and mental health conditions for young people including depression, weight issues and poor performance at school.
Cyber-bullying can take the form of a comment on someone’s profile, a private message or rumours posted online. Social media can magnify the issue of bullying by allowing perpetrators to act anonymously by hiding behind a screen and without consequences and accountability for their actions. This type of bullying can happen at any time and be either public or private.
Cyberbullying can have a devastating and often fatal, impact upon the lives and mental health of young people in the UK, making them reluctant to go to school, withdraw from family and friends and reducing motivation.
Impact on Self-Esteem
Lots of research suggest that there is a correlation between the amount of time spent on social media and its impact on young people’s self-esteem. Feelings of low self-esteem are accentuated by the design of these platforms. Young people are often guilty of judging their self-worth on external praise such as the amount of likes or comments that their post receives. Celebrities use Instagram to portray their exciting lifestyles and post photoshopped images of themselves, creating a breeding ground for toxic comparisons.
The Royal Society For Public Health survey studied how different media platforms impact young people’s wellbeing.
The results from the study signified that Instagram was ranked as the most negative platform in increasing rates of anxiety, depression, loneliness, sleep deprivation and FOMO. In comparison, YouTube was the most positive platform in comparison to Instagram and was seen to improve and reduce levels of anxiety, depression and loneliness whereas Instagram was seen to increase these factors.
Strategies to help social media addiction
- Set a limit for how long you use social media each day
- Turn off notifications
- Put your phone away from reach when you go to bed
- Find other hobbies to occupy your mind – reading, sports, cooking
Overall, social media has an impact on young people’s mental health and wellbeing to a large extent. However, it is important to note that it can have both positive and negative implications.
Positively, it gives people a voice, allows for self-expression, connects us with others and can power social change. However, social media is also associated with many negatives such as toxic comparisons, diminished self-image and social isolation, fuelling mental health issues such as depression and anxiety.
Social media can be a positive platform if used in the right way. It is vital for young people’s mental wellbeing that it is used for inspiration and education rather than for comparison.
Samaritans – You can talk to the Samaritans about anything, and they can help if you’re having a tough time. Call them for free on 116 123.
NSPCC Helpline – If you’re worried about an individual who is under 18, you can talk anonymously to the NSPCC Helpline to get support. Call for free on 0808 800 5000 or send a message online.
Childline – Childline is a free, private and confidential counselling service for young people under 19. Call them for free on 0800 1111 or find out how to get in touch online.
Mind – https://www.mind.org.uk/
Young Minds – https://www.youngminds.org.uk/
Rethink Mental Illness – https://www.rethink.org/
NHS Mental Health Services – https://www.nhs.uk/nhs-services/mental-health-services/
Showcase Training Mental Health Lead:
Nicola Bailey – [email protected] | <urn:uuid:f3ad61a1-9f1d-4778-86be-3de5b5853c43> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://showcasetraining.co.uk/2022/11/16/social-media-and-mental-health/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.943481 | 1,567 | 3.59375 | 4 |
What is a machine-readable zone, and how do machines read it?
MRZ, or Machine-Readable Zone is a codified element of identity documents. Its purpose is to facilitate easier automated scanning of basic personal details of the document holder, such as their full name, document number, nationality, date of birth, and the document expiration date. Today the MRZ can be found on the photo page of any international passport, as well as on many types of ID cards, residence permits, visas, and more. A document which contains MRZ is referred to as a Machine Readable Travel Document, or MRTD for short.
Today, automatic document analysis and recognition technologies have progressed enough for the MRZ to be read efficiently and easily using consumer devices, such as smartphones. For high-precision MRZ scanning Smart Engines has developed the Smart Code Engine product.
The purpose of MRZ
The MRZ was introduced in the 1980s with the intent to facilitate and speed up identity check in places with controlled access. Take for example an airport: prior to boarding the plane, each traveler needs to be identified, and more than once: their travel document needs to get checked at the flight registration desk, and then on various control points. To make this work, a well-cooperated, ordered and stable security organization has to be put in place. MRTD has proved to be an effective part of the identification process in cross-border travel since it got introduced, and has been universally recognized as such.
Eventually, large business centers and other places with a continuous flow of people and restricted access have naturally decided to replicate the practice of automated identification. Today, even small offices and health clinics are using the automatic document check systems, both for security and convenience reasons.
The machine-readable zone serves multiple purposes. Firstly, MRZ allows to have personal details of the passport’s owner in a standardized format so that they could be quickly recognized and registered by a special scanner. Secondly, the international standardization of the MRZ format allows officials from multiple countries to quickly decode and verify personal data details of citizens of other countries. Thirdly, the MRZ provides an additional level of security of the encoded personal data, as it contains check sums and syntactic rules which helps prevent some forgery attempts. In addition, MRZ scanning allows quick access to the RFID chip which is placed inside biometric identity documents, such as biometric passports. This chip contains extended information about the holder of the document, and can be accessed only after entering the passport number, date of birth, and passport’s expiration date.
There are currently several types of ICAO standard machine-readable zones, which vary in the number of lines and characters in each line:
- TD-1 (e.g. citizen’s identification card, EU ID cards, US Green Card): consists of 3 lines, 30 characters each.
- TD-2 (e.g. Romania ID, old type of German ID), and MRV-B (machine-readable visas type B — e.g. Schengen visa): consists of 2 lines, 36 characters each.
- MRP (all international passports, also known as TD-3), and MRV-A (machine-readable visas type A — issued by the USA, Japan, China, and others): consists of 2 lines, 44 characters each.
Technically, only those documents listed in ICAO standard contain what we call MRZ. Other documents might also have machine-readable zones, however they may deviate from the ICAO standard — both in the number of lines and the content. Thus, MRZ-like codes can be also found in some national ID cards, driver’s licenses, vehicle registration certificates, and other documents.
MRZ on a passport
A national passport is a document that allows cross-border travel, thus it has to be recognized equally correctly in all modern airports in the world, meaning the content and the structure of the identity page have to be standardized.
The identity page on the passport consists of two parts: the Visual Inspection Zone (VIZ), and the Machine Readable Zone (MRZ). The VIZ provides personal details of the passport owner, their photo, and the passport details, displayed in the format understandable to a human. The MRZ is located at the bottom of the page, and in its composition corresponds to the VIZ fields, but is meant to be read by machine.
MRZ code of a passport always consists of two lines of characters, which, as mentioned above, correspond to the following data from the VIZ:
– Document code
– State code, or code of the government agency (organization) that issued the passport
– Full Name
– Document number
– Passport’s expiration date
– Other data provided at the discretion of the issuing authority (this may include national ID number, issue date, etc.)
MRZ on a passport also contains several check digits which allow to detect gross attempts to document falsification, as well as some machine recognition errors.
Now, based on the example of a national passport, let us take a closer look at the MRZ composition.
The top line of the passport’s MRZ
The first character indicates the type of document: P — means machine-readable passport (as opposed to, for example, V in MRV-A(B) type of MRZ, corresponding to a visa document). The state or organization that issued the passport can use the second character to determine more specifically the passport type (civil, official, diplomatic, service, etc.). If the passport type is not specified, then a placeholder (<) is inserted instead. The following three characters indicate the country that issued the passport in accordance with ISO 3166–1 alpha-3 with some minor exceptions, or the organization that is authorized to issue passports and other machine-readable documents (for example, UN, Interpol, EU Council). The next 39 characters of the first line provide the name of the passport’s owner. First comes the primary identifier, or the last name. If the last name consists of several words, then a placeholder (<) is used between them. Punctuation marks — hyphens, apostrophes, commas, used in the VIZ, are not used in machine-readable lines. Instead of punctuation marks, a placeholder is used again.
In the machine-readable zone, the last name is separated from the given name(s) with two placeholder characters (<<). In the same way as in a last name, if there are several given names or if they consist of several words, they are separated by placeholder characters.
The number of characters per line is limited. For a passport, each MRZ line must contain exactly 44 characters. Therefore, if the full name is too long and does not fit into one line, the first name gets abbreviated, as it is the second identifier with respect to the last name.
In a machine-readable zone, only Latin characters without diacritics are used, thus specific transliteration rules have to be applied to names which are written with diacritical marks or using other alphabets.
The bottom line of the passport’s MRZ
The first 9 characters of the second line of the passport’s machine-readable zone is the document number. Despite the fact that in most countries that use machine-readable zones in their documents, passport numbers are converted to a 9-digit form, in some cases, the total number of characters may be more or less. If there are more characters in the number, those that did not fit in the allotted 9 places go into the “optional data” zone. The 10th character is there to verify the correctness of the number and is calculated using a special algorithm based on the first 9. The following three characters indicate the citizenship of the passport holder. The citizenship code is written in the ISO 3166–1 alpha-3 international format (with some minor exceptions); there are additional codes such as for stateless persons (the characters would be XXA), or for refugees (XXB or XXC). The next 6 digits is the date of birth in the YYMMDD format, and the character following that date is the check digit, which is calculated by a special algorithm based on the date of birth. The next character indicates the gender of the passport holder: male (M), female (F), or a placeholder < in case the person has not decided on their gender or refused to provide it. The next 6 digits indicate the validity period of the passport in the YYMMDD format, followed by the check digit. The next 14 characters represent optional data at the discretion of the issuer. If there is no personal number, and no other information, this entire field is filled with placeholders. If the personal number data is not available, then its check digit will be indicated either as 0 or as a placeholder. The last digit on the bottom line of the MRZ passport is a check digit calculated using all the characters in the bottom line, except for the characters indicating the gender and citizenship.
Other documents with MRZ
The scope of identity documents which are required to ensure a high security level and facilitate automated scanning exceed international passports. Global economy also requires processing of national identity cards, driver’s licenses, visa and residence documents. Thus, a vast majority of identity documents worldwide have a machine-readable zone as its element, to comply with international conventions. In 2019 the European Union strengthened their regulation of identity documents of EU citizens, their family members, and non-nationals. In addition to a wide range of procedural and physical document security requirements it enforces the use of MRZ on identity cards and residence permits as a functional and standardized way of document data entry and verification. A similar regulation with regards to visa documents gives hope that having the MRZ on an official travel document will remain a global requirement.
How machines read it
Specialized scanners, such as the like you can encounter in airport and access control terminals, typically work with documents only of a single specific type (such as passports), and take advantage of a controlled capturing conditions, known MRZ position in the captured image, as well as known MRZ subtype.
In a more multi-purpose scanning software, such as Smart Code Engine, the scanning is performed on a user device, most frequently given a live camera feed, thus the lighting conditions, camera angle, and other capturing parameters can be unknown. Nevertheless, MRZ has a characteristic periodic structure which allows the mobile software solutions to employ computationally efficient computer vision methods to detect it on the frame even with severe perspective distortions. After it is detected and the localized MRZ image is rectified and high-precision and resource-effective Green OCR technology can be used to segment the MRZ lines into individual characters which can then be individually classified. Then, having prior knowledge about the standardized syntax and semantics of the MRZ types specified by ICAO Doc 9303, as well as known deviations from the standards, the recognized information undergoes filtering, post-processing, possible correction and verification, before it is returned to the SDK caller.
MRZ recognition technologies
Over the past two decades we at Smart Engines have been evolving our optical character recognition (OCR) technologies, and constantly surpassing all quality standards through the use of our latest achievements in computational intelligence and deep learning. Using the original neural network models, we were able to bring the quality of automatic document recognition to a new level. In terms of MRZ recognition, Smart Engines technology not only captures ICAO Doc 9303 international standard forms, but also supports a number of MRZ-like codes, such as the ones used in French ID cards, Bulgarian vehicle registration certificates, Swiss driver’s license, and more, out-of-the-box. To learn more about MRZ recognition and other Smart Engines solutions visit OCR Engines page.
Smart Code Engine is a software solution which is designed to quickly and efficiently scan MRZ and other codified objects. With Smart Code Engine SDK you are able to add to your application, whether mobile or server-side, a state-of-the-art MRZ recognition and parsing module. The software can detect MRZ on single photos, scans, as well as in a real-time video feed from a device’s camera, capture the data in unknown and uncontrolled lighting and perspective conditions, accurately read the information, split it into constituent fields and perform verification checks. If you want to try this functionality out on your device, you can check out demo applications for iOS and Android, and if you wish to get your hands on the SDK distribution, contact our sales team.
#MRZ #MRZrecognition #datacapture #OCR #MobileOCR #scanMRZ | <urn:uuid:343f5932-23fa-4865-a70f-204b1537d698> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://smartengines.medium.com/what-is-a-machine-readable-zone-and-how-do-machines-read-it-d651437e2926 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.921984 | 2,652 | 3.296875 | 3 |
Children’s cognitive and social skills are evaluated as they enter and progress through school. Sometimes this evaluation indicates that a child needs special assistance with language or in learning how to interact with others. Evaluation and diagnosis of a child can be the first step in helping to provide that child with the type of instruction and resources needed. But diagnosis and labeling also have social implications. It is important to consider that children can be misdiagnosed and that once a child has received a diagnostic label, the child, teachers, and family members may tend to interpret actions of the child through that label. The label can also influence the child’s self-concept. Consider, for example, a child who is misdiagnosed as learning disabled. That child may expect to have difficulties in school, lack confidence, and out of these expectations, have trouble indeed. This self-fulfilling prophecy or tendency to act in such a way as to make what you predict will happen comes true, calls our attention to the power that labels can have whether or not they are accurately applied. It is also important to consider that children’s difficulties can change over time; a child who has problems in school, may improve later or may live under circumstances as an adult where the problem (such as a delay in math skills or reading skills) is no longer relevant. That person, however, will still have a label as learning disabled. It should be recognized that the distinction between abnormal and normal behavior is not always clear; some abnormal behavior in children is fairly common. Misdiagnosis may be more of a concern when evaluating learning difficulties than in cases of autism spectrum disorder where unusual behaviors are clear and consistent.
Keeping these cautionary considerations in mind, let’s turn our attention to some developmental and learning difficulties.
The estimate published by the Center for Disease Control (2006) is that about 1 out of every 166 children in the United States has an autism spectrum disorder. Autism spectrum disorders include autism, Asperger’s disorder and pervasive developmental disabilities. Many of these children are not identified until they reach school age. In 2003, about 141,000 children received special education through the public schools (Center for Disease Control, 2006). These disorders are found in all racial and ethnic groups and are more common in boys than in girls. All of these disorders are marked by difficulty in social interactions, problems in various areas of communication, and in difficulty with altering patterns or daily routines. There is no single cause of ASDs and the causes of these disorders are to a large extent, unknown. In cases involving identical twins, if one twin has autism, the other is also autistic about 75 percent of the time. Rubella, fragile X syndrome and PKU that has been untreated are some of the medical conditions associated with risks of autism.
None of these disorders is curable. Some individuals benefit from medications that alleviate some of the symptoms of ASDs. But the most effective treatments involve behavioral intervention and teaching techniques used to promote the development of language and social skills, and to structure learning environments that accommodate the needs of these children.
Autism is a developmental disorder more commonly known than Asperger’s or Pervasive Developmental disorders. A person with autism has difficulty with and a lack of interest in learning language. An autistic child may respond to a question by repeating the question or might rarely speak. Sometimes autistic children learn more difficult words before simple words or complicated tasks before easier ones. The person has difficulty reading social cues such as the meanings of non-verbal gestures such as a wave of the hand or the emotion associated with a frown. Intense sensitivity to touch or visual stimulation may also be experienced. Autistic children have poor social skills and are unable to communicate with others or empathize with others emotionally. An autistic views the world differently and learns differently than others. Autistic children tend to prefer routines and patterns and become upset when routines are altered. For example, moving the furniture or changing the daily schedule can be very upsetting.
Asperger’s syndrome is considered by some to be the same as high functioning autism. Others suggest that Asperger’s disorder is different from autism in that language development is generally not delayed (Medline Plus, 2006). A person with Asperger’s syndrome does not experience cognitive developmental delays, but has difficulty in social interactions. This person may be identified as strange by others, may have difficulty reading or identifying with other people’s emotions, and may prefer routine and become upset if routines are disrupted. Many people with Asperger’s syndrome may have above average intelligence and may have an intense focus of interests in a particular field. For example, a person may be extremely interested in and knowledgeable about cars. Another might be very interested in the smell of people’s shoes.
Pervasive developmental disorder is a term used to refer to difficulties in socialization and delays in developing communicative skills. This is usually recognized before 3 years of age. A child with PDD may interact in unusual ways with toys, people, or situations, and may engage in repetitive movement.
What is a learning disability? The spectrum disorders just described impact many areas of the child’s life. And if a child is mentally retarded, that child is typically slow in all areas of learning. However, a child with a learning disability has problems in a specific area or with a specific task or type of activity related to education. A learning difficulty refers to a deficit in a child’s ability to perform an expected academic skill (Berger, 2005). These difficulties are identified in school because this is when children’s academic abilities are being tested, compared, and measured. Consequently, once academic testing is no longer essential in that person’s life (as when they are working rather than going to school) these disabilities may no longer be noticed or relevant, depending on the person’s job and the extent of the disability.
Dyslexia is one of the most commonly diagnosed disabilities and involves having difficulty in the area of reading. This diagnosis is used for a number of reading difficulties. For example, the child may reverse letters or have difficulty reading from left to right or may have problems associating letters with sounds. It appears to be rooted in some neurological problems involving the parts of the brain active in recognizing letters, verbally responding, or being able to manipulate sounds (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, 2006). Treatment typically involves altering teaching methods to accommodate the person’s particular problematic area.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is considered a neurological and behavioral disorder in which a person has difficulty staying on task, screening out distractions, and inhibiting behavioral outbursts. The most commonly recommended treatment involves the use of medication, structuring the classroom environment to keep distractions at a minimum, tutoring, and teaching parents how to set limits and encourage age-appropriate behavior (NINDS, 2006). | <urn:uuid:977867e3-5ae7-4835-92bc-6e2d6589ed70> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/Northeast_Wisconsin_Technical_College/Human_Development_Life_Span_(NWTC)/03%3A_Middle_Childhood/3.05%3A_Developmental_Problems | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.962642 | 1,416 | 4.03125 | 4 |
When the universe’s most massive objects are crashing into each other…
They leave a rain of gold and platinum behind them.
While the shadow of a nearby economic collapse starts sweeping across our world, some powerful explosions in the Universe produce millions of tons of gold and platinum in a fraction of second.
Yes, when neutron stars collide, they may result in gargantuan kilonova explosions like the one illustrated above. These blasts send ripples through space-time, and shower their galactic neighborhood in gold and platinum.
Mergers of this magnitude are so violent they rattle the fabric of space-time, releasing gravitational waves that spread through the cosmos like ripples on a pond.
These mergers also fuel cataclysmic explosions that create heavy metals in an instant, showering their galactic neighborhood in hundreds of planets’ worth of gold and platinum.
Some scientists suspect that all the gold and platinum on Earth formed in explosions like these, thanks to ancient neutron-star mergers close to our galaxy. | <urn:uuid:da303d12-dd67-4c8b-82a6-8b4ce9dc993a> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://strangesounds.org/2019/08/gold-platinum-star-explosion-universe.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.886225 | 207 | 3.296875 | 3 |
Blinks: A Phenomenon of Distractibility in Attention Deficit Disorder
by James Reisinger, MBA, CLU, CFP, ADD
MISTAKEN MEMORYThese gaps in the intake of local information are often erroneously mistaken as memory problems. Teachers are taught that material gets lost between the instruction and the doing, or between the brain and the pencil. True for a defect, but not for a deficit (attention type). It does not get lost, it gets missed or absorbed. The material may get worked into the thoughts in the “blink” and consumed there. After leaping back to the current event, the ADDer may have a moment of disorientation. Many times a thought about the “local” situation that triggered the blink was carried away and “used” in the blink and is unavailable upon return.
A second-grade girl told her parents, “It was just like you blink your eyes and then everything seems different.”
To illustrate the major impact of a short blink and its results, consider this scenario:
An elementary school teacher instructs the class to put their English book away and take out their math books, then continues, “We’ve been studying chapter five, but let’s go to the questions at the back of chapter six and work problems 1-5.”
A 3-second blink could mean that the students with ADD did not hear the change from chapter five to six, and therefore, incorrectly continued the work in chapter five:
When the teacher asks for a volunteer to answer the first question, the student with ADD, raises his hand, sure he has the correct answer. “Four,” he says. The classmates snicker. The teacher asks, “How did you calculate that?” The student says, “Five apples from nine apples equal four.” The class laughs and the teacher remembers that was a question in chapter five, and says, “No, you are in the wrong chapter.”
Consider a 20-second blink when none of the instructions were heard:
The student unblinks and finds the rest of the class is working with pencils and papers in the blue math book, and not the red English book. Trying to get with the program, the student changes books, gets a pencil and paper, and leans over to a neighboring classmate to ask what they are doing.
The teacher hears and sees, the student being disruptive again. This typically will result in some amount of rejection from classmates, another reprimand from the teacher, and the student doesn’t have the slightest clue why the rest of the class is in the math book. An eighth grader commented on this ever present condition: “I’d be sitting in class and then I’d look around and say to myself …. Where are we? What are we doing?” The result, one more slap in the face, one more failure, and one more blow to the self-esteem.
One of the writers on Prodigy’s Attention Deficit bulletin board related, “By high school and college, I had learned not to ask anyone what we were doing or where we were supposed to be. When I finally snapped out of it (blink), I just nonchalantly looked around and peered over to a neighbor’s book pages. I used to get terrible negative feedback when asking where we were.”
A skillful and confident ADDer with tact and fast talk will go on like nothing was wrong. The shy and somewhat “battered” ADDer will withdraw until class participation is minimal. Withdrawal is not a problem of language; it is humiliation avoidance. It can lead to a spiral of less talk, less vocalizing, lower self-esteem, and less talk. After leaping back to class, the ADDer may find the teacher asking, “Well, what is the answer?” Being bad is better than being dumb or stupid. Understanding how blinks cause a lack of information will allow teachers and parents to modify their input to the child with ADD and modify their responses to the child’s actions or lack of action.
The ADDer may conclude that there is no hope of keeping up. In their book Hyperactive Children Grow Up, Weiss and Hechtman wrote of one patient, “(Random outcomes) caused him to either hold in suspicion his own abilities, or to stop believing in those things which define him as good or bad.” When a student feels so out of control, he cannot reflect on a course of action and use it as a base of leaning and growth.
Blinks are unique to ADDers, and their pervasive nature causes confusion for all those involved. Often someone suggests that what I am discussing is a petit mal seizure. However, unlike a lapse of consciousness or an absence in time, that may occur during a seizure, a blink starts with a thought and is filled with thoughts, images, memories, or plans, that are often totally unrelated to the subject at hand. This all-encompassing aspect is significant because, when an ADDer’s attention switches into deep concentration on a tangent track, all other information that could be received is missed.
Non-ADDers often say, “Everybody daydreams sometime, they can be concentrating so much that they don’t respond when their name is called.” I asked one “non-ADDer, “How many times did you day dream at work yesterday?” The answer was, “Not at all. I was too busy to daydream.” That is the difference, the ADDer is never too busy. Unlike an average person’s daydream, blinks capture attention, not as some think of hyper focus, more like compartmental thinking.
Instead of having a choice of undivided attention, the ADDer’s attention MAY go whenever and wherever it is taken, Blinks have a magnet-like quality in that they wrap the person’s attention and hold the focus.
Most people mistakenly assume that with effort, dedication, or diligence, those with ADD could be attentive. Wrong! The blink is completely involuntary and all encompassing. There may be little or no volitional control of one’s deployment of attention, even though there is a logical flow to the thoughts within a blink. This mental transportation or “Free Flight” can last a few seconds or many minutes.
The ADDer has no indication before a blink is about to occur or that one is in progress. Emerging from the “cocoon” of a blink, he may have a startling revelation, a vague recognition, or possibly no awareness that a blink occurred. Therefore, if it cannot be foreseen, trying to avoid or stop it with cognitive or behavioral method is reduced or impossible.
If one is “isolated” while in the blink, self talk is about the subject within the blink.
Blinks chop the ADDer’s attention into ever-changing, inter linked segments. The ADDer’s mind takes in stimuli and adds to it all the unrelated thoughts it has been flying around inside. The ADDer’s mind seems to have a dozen open channels to every thought, sound, or sight. Thoughts spring from one to another other and then wander on.
When a person is “plugged-in” to a blink his thoughts may bounce around automatically like a pinball being shot back and forth even before it reaches the flippers. Until “Game Over” or someone pulls the plug they may be bouncing across a rapid trail on topics.
Blinks are a constant hindrance to fluid thinking or leaning. An ADDer can be continuously distracted with his thoughts jumping from topic to topic. The missing “local” information during the distraction is the root of many educational, social, and emotional problems.
High distractibility increases blinking. Blinks restrict both input from the local situation and output back to that level. ADDers may cope by mastering the ability to blend from one unrelated topic to another within a verbal sentence. ADDers may become jokesters or boisterous as a mechanism to save face or just give themselves time to catch up. ADDers miss more relevant input in large rooms and in one-on-one conversations they may seem uninterested because of their shifting eye or head movements.
A ‘reverse” track, where blink information comes into main discussions, is dangerous to the ADDer. The ADDer works very hard to keep the blink thoughts separate from the local discussion. There can be a large memory bank of all the ideas or problems solved while off track. This is where the creativity, attributed to ADDers, is processed. Some material is duplicated, and the ADDer has to be on guard to keep this sidetrack “analysis” or “scenario” thoughts out of an unrelated local discussion.
Another aspect of a blink can be just as disconcerting. The ADDer can visualize a train of thought so clearly, including a mental “sounding” of a conversation, that the episode is retained in “active memory” instead of “filed” as a subject to be discussed later. This is a case where the thoughts processed while in a blink become consciously recorded as the main conversation. Wives and secretaries verify that ADDers are often positive that they said something, when in reality they had only thought it out.
From teacher to teacher and from one job to another, it is not reasonable to expect the world to speak in short, simple format. A student might ask a teacher, “Please check to see that I have gotten all your requests before you leave.” But, consider going up to a new boss the second day on the job and asking to be quizzed after each instruction to be sure you heard it correctly. In some situations, the ADDers can make a list and read it back, but most life situations do not allow this. Many messages at work or school are one way. Reading, too, is one way; the sentences or paragraph blinked over is lost and the reader may NEVER have a clue that it was skipped. Slow reading speed, exaggerated by the need to constantly start over, is a major problem for the ADDer and the loss of skipped material is detrimental to learning living and loving.
Children with ADD have had so many miscues that their experience regularly proves the “wrong” answer is often a possible solution. After living with blinks and practicing the ‘normal” problem-solving process time after time with various outcomes, a child may conclude that the results of random choice are just as likely as those from deductive reasoning. To a teacher or parent, an answer may be so wrong that it seems to be just a guess, but based on the incomplete data the child received, it is their perfect “answer.”
If a complicated story problem is given for four Mondays in a row, the student with ADD is likely to do it four different ways. The missed information is random in repetitious situations because blinks do not occur on a regular schedule.
A successful marketing representative said, “I have developed systems of dealing with things based on incomplete information. I’m not sure when I’ve had a skip (blink), I just find out that I have missed things all the time. It is always difficult to conclude what is real and what is not. I have experienced common outcomes from seemingly different sets of actions or achieved various and contradictory outcomes from a seemingly identical set of actions in the past.’ This strikes at the very heart of learning. In the ADDer’s case, hard knocks are more frequent and more painful.
The intelligent ADDer will compare many experiences and, over a period of time make a preset choice based on a previous set of actions that has proved most frequently to produce favorable results. This contributes to the rigidity and lack of flexibility often seen in adolescents and adults with ADD. These preset choices are the ADDer’s handrails along the mazes and stairways of life. Just as a driver hits the brakes when he hits a pocket of fog and he cannot see the road, the ADDer brake back to the “handrail” of preset choices when there is a change of plan or time allotted for a task is shortened.
Educational “walls” typically block ADDers at grades 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 13 and 17. These are times when the style or type of learning changes. Most ADDers with average or superior intelligence get by well enough to complete high school. Many go on to college. The increased demand for concentration and attention in middle and high school, and more so in college, often leads to dropping courses, dropping out and career changes. Many do not hit the “wall” until college or even graduate school.
The observable body language that shows as one blinks away may look rude or even antisocial. Parents or teachers have had to deal with actions that are labeled as behavior problems; however, they may be the result of attention problems. These behaviors are disruptive, but the cause is ADD. It may not be a matter of being able to act but rather not being available to respond properly.
Ritalin has taken a bad rap. Ritalin has been around since 1953 and is used extensively, but denial, fear and confusion after a diagnosis of ADD complicate the clear thinking about medication.
Patients or parents present the question, “Must we submit to the “control of a pill?” It is important to clarify the misconceptions that from this question. The medicine enables or corrects an imbalance in the brain chemistry. Millions find it to be a ‘release,” not control. I was released from the scatter, static-like bombardment of thoughts that forever distract me. Marcel Kinsbourne, M.D., said, “The proper use of stimulant treatment is to improve the quality of life of the ADDer.”
Medication can remove up to 90% of distractibility for persons with ADD. According to the late Samuel Nichamin, M.D., a Diplomat of the American Board of Pediatrics, and a pediatrician who was willing to follow his ADD patients into adulthood and still provide treatment, ‘Almost any person who suffers from this attention problem can benefit from a medical approach if the medication is prescribed by a physician with expertise in the management of ADD. As Dr. Arthur Robin, author of Parent/Adolescent Conflict said, “You cannot behaviorally modify a physical condition.”
A common question I am asked is, “Considering your academic, social, and business success, at what point in your life do you think medication would have hindered or inhibited you?” NEVER!! Even with a 5mg dose of Ritalin, my abilities increased immediately. I could be on task and pay attention whether working with individuals, participating in group discussions, or listening to a lecture. As the dosage was corrected, these improved and my ability to concentrate while reading new material was greatly enhanced. This enhanced ability to structure a thought and present an answer in a clear and complete manner was less stressful for both me and the listener. Removal these ADD impediments sooner would have helped me throughout all my academic, social, and professional endeavors. ADD was never good!
Being less interruptive or dominate in discussions has improved relationships. Being more patient improves interactions with peers. At the same time, my energy level is increased while sometimes I’m downright calm. Problems are reduced because I can voluntarily attend and when a sound, movement, or thought flashes by, I can hold my thoughts on what I am doing. The medication allows me to work things through to the end, thereby reducing the number of things left undone. A mother with ADD said, “After starting Ritalin, thoughts seemed to come in order and go on organized shelves in my brain for use later.”
Kinsbourne wrote, “The appropriate and timely initiation of stimulant therapy in coordination with behavior management and counseling, as indicated, arrests the spiraling decline in quality of life in most cases. Of course, the medication regime has to be individually selected, intelligently scheduled, and adequately monitored.”
It is obvious that, if not balanced or enabled with medications, the ADDer is operating at less than full capacity, If effective treatment stops, the damage is often displayed in terms of the child’s progressively plummeting self-concept. Frustration for the child, the family and the school “may be substantial and even, in part, irreversible,” says Kinsbourne. If a child with ADD was not learning, could learn with medications, then when medications stopped could not work up to par, wouldn’t we expect them to be more “burned” than those who never saw the normal side of life?
A person’s perspective comes from the knowledge they build as a matter of interpretation from many situations. What one brings to a situation as a result of growing up affects their interpretation. ADDers cannot avoid being creatures of their past, we all see what our eyes have been shown.
Reprint free with credits to author.
For a copy of the complete booklet, contact:
Blinks, c/o Jim Reisinger
P.O. Box 1701,
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 | <urn:uuid:7f8c0264-4267-4311-89bd-07a5ec7bea7a> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://talktoyourself.com/2007/07/16/adhd-practical-information-and-advice-an-article-explaining-why-it-seems-theyre-not-listening/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.963253 | 3,637 | 3.359375 | 3 |
Art is life…
And life is art.
Keith Haring believed that art should be enjoyed by everyone.
When Keith first moved to New York City, he rode the subway and noticed how the crowds were bored and brusque, and that the subways were decayed and dreary. He thought the people of New York needed liberating, illuminating and radiating art. So he bought a stick of white chalk and started drawing…
Art Is Life is the story of artist Keith Haring and the wonderful art he made. Illustrator Keith Negley perfectly captured the joyful spirit of the older Keith’s work. Keith Haring’s life and work made an enormous impact on both of us and we can’t wait to share this very special picture book with you!
Find it in a bookstore or library near you!
Reviews & Accolades
Awarded a Gold Medal from the Society of Illustrators
“(S)imple but lovely, punctuated by Haring’s personal philosophy: Art is life; life is art…An eye-catching addition to school and public library art sections.” –School Library Journal
“A joyful tribute to an enduring artist.” – Booklist
“(S)imple sentences occasionally stacked with descriptors to sketch moments in Haring’s life… It’s a warm introduction to an accessible talent.”- Publishers’ Weekly
“(E)mphasizes the “public” in public art, keeping a steady focus on how audiences reacted to Haring’s work—with bafflement, with legal action, with an adoring embrace of his commercialized Pop Shop output.” – Bulletin for the Center for Children’s Books | <urn:uuid:13eb699d-4fea-45d3-9d66-b40474c9388c> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://tamilewisbrown.com/books/art-is-life/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.929689 | 371 | 2.515625 | 3 |
What is a VAT identification number?
Sometimes also known as a VAT registration number, this is the unique number that identifies a taxable person (business) or non-taxable legal entity that is registered for VAT.
Who needs a VAT number?
Most businesses (and other persons carrying out an economic activity) need a VAT number (see Article 214 VAT Directive for full details).
In particular, business is obliged to register for VAT in the following cases:
- when it carries out the supply of goods or services taxed with VAT;
- when it makes an intra-EU acquisition of goods;
- when it receives services for which it is liable to pay VAT (under Article 196 VAT Directive);
- when it supplies services for which the customer is liable to pay VAT (under Article 196 VAT Directive).
Does the same VAT number apply for all EU countries?
Every EU country issues its own national VAT number.
This means that business supplying goods or services in several EU countries might be liable to get a VAT number in each of these countries.
A simplified registration (One Stop Shop) is available for businesses supplying telecommunications, broadcasting and electronic services.
Format of VAT numbers
Every VAT identification number must begin with the code of the country concerned and followed by a block of digits or characters.
Each EU country uses its own format of VAT identification number.
Who issues a VAT number
The EU Commission has been made aware that companies in different Member States have been receiving proposals offering to obtain a valid VAT number against an advance payment. These proposals have the appearance of an official EU document.
The EU Commission reminds that only tax administrations have the right to issue a VAT number. If you are suspicious of unsolicited messages concerning obtaining a VAT number you are advised to check with the tax administration concerned.
The importance of VAT numbers
- Used to identify tax status of the customer
- Help to identify the place of taxation
- Mentioned on invoices (except simplified invoices in certain EU countries) | <urn:uuid:d3f7030b-ca36-4242-a9aa-a81df7bc55b9> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/vat-identification-numbers_sk | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.922182 | 412 | 2.53125 | 3 |
They are known from science fiction novels and films – technically modified organisms with extraordinary skills, so-called cyborgs. This name originates from the English term “cybernetic organism”.
In fact, cyborgs that combine technical systems with living organisms are already reality. The KIT researchers Professor Christof M. Niemeyer and Dr. Stefan Giselbrecht of the Institute for Biological Interfaces 1 (IBG 1) and Dr. Bastian E. Rapp, Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), point out that this especially applies to medical implants.
In recent years, medical implants based on smart materials that automatically react to changing conditions, computer-supported design and fabrication based on magnetic resonance tomography datasets or surface modifications for improved tissue integration allowed major progress to be achieved. For successful tissue integration and the prevention of inflammation reactions, special surface coatings were developed also by the KIT under e.g. the multidisciplinary Helmholtz program “BioInterfaces”.
Progress in microelectronics and semiconductor technology has been the basis of electronic implants controlling, restoring or improving the functions of the human body, such as cardiac pacemakers, retina implants, hearing implants, or implants for deep brain stimulation in pain or Parkinson therapies. Currently, bioelectronic developments are being combined with robotics systems to design highly complex neuroprostheses. Scientists are working on brain-machine interfaces (BMI) for the direct physical contacting of the brain. BMI are used among others to control prostheses and complex movements, such as gripping. Moreover, they are important tools in neurosciences, as they provide insight into the functioning of the brain. Apart from electric signals, substances released by implanted micro- and nanofluidic systems in a spatially or temporarily controlled manner can be used for communication between technical devices and organisms.
BMI are often considered data suppliers. However, they can also be used to feed signals into the brain, which is a highly controversial issue from the ethical point of view. “Implanted BMI that feed signals into nerves, muscles or directly into the brain are already used on a routine basis, e.g. in cardiac pacemakers or implants for deep brain stimulation,” Professor Christof M. Niemeyer, KIT, explains. “But these signals are neither planned to be used nor suited to control the entire organism – brains of most living organisms are far too complex.”
Brains of lower organisms, such as insects, are less complex. As soon as a signal is coupled in, a certain movement program, such as running or flying, is started. So-called biobots, i.e. large insects with implanted electronic and microfluidic control units, are used in a new generation of tools, such as small flying objects for monitoring and rescue missions. In addition, they are applied as model systems in neurosciences in order to understand basic relationships.
Electrically active medical implants that are used for longer terms depend on reliable power supply. Presently, scientists are working on methods to use the patient body’s own thermal, kinetic, electric or chemical energy.
In their review the KIT researchers sum up that developments combining technical devices with organisms have a fascinating potential. They may considerably improve the quality of life of many people in the medical sector in particular. However, ethical and social aspects always have to be taken into account. | <urn:uuid:d456a6d4-feb1-4477-8371-e85634995cf5> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://tgdaily.com/science/85356-the-cyborg-era-has-started/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.941037 | 708 | 3.359375 | 3 |
This covenant is an agreement between God and Israel, adding various conditional promises to the unconditional promises of God.
God wants to make a covenant with Israel. He plans for His people to be a kingdom of priests to the nations by following His commands. The people agree to obey Him in all things.
The LORD tells Moses to consecrate the people in order to prepare them for the making of the covenant. God will come down to Mt. Sinai on the third day of these preparations.
The LORD descends to Mount Sinai with thunder, lightning, cloud, and trumpet sounds. Only Moses and Aaron are allowed to climb the mountain to meet with the LORD. Any violation of these rules would be tragic.
The book of Exodus is the second book of the Torah (“law”). It continues the story of Genesis concerning the migration of the family of Jacob (the Israelites) to Egypt (Genesis 50). It describes the commissioning of Moses and Aaron as God’s representatives on earth to accomplish God’s deliverance of His people from slavery in Egypt and lead them to the Promised Land (the land of Canaan). It also relates the miraculous deliverance from Egypt beginning with the plagues on Egypt and the crossing of the Red Sea. It then describes the journey to Mount Sinai and the establishment of the Mosaic covenant with the Israelites. The last part of the book involves the specifications and building of the tabernacle – the place where the Lord Himself dwelt amongst His people.
In the book of Exodus, the focus shifts to the deliverance of God’s people.
The Israelites have now arrived at Mount Sinai, also called Mount Horeb. The LORD tells Moses to go up the mountain so that He could meet him there. The LORD then revealed to Moses His plans for His people Israel. They were to become a kingdom of priests to the surrounding nations. A priest is one who represents God to others. Israel’s assignment is to live in such a manner as to create great blessings among its people, to the extent that other nations would desire to copy Israel, and also be blessed. Accordingly, Israel was to attract other nations to worship the true and living God through their example; that following God’s ways was a superior way of life. The superior manner of living is to be self-governing, recognizing God’s ways as the foundation for law.
God commanded that the people approach the mountain in order to go through a ceremony that would consecrate them for this purpose. The LORD then appears on Mount Sinai. All of this was done to prepare the Israelites for becoming His priests to the nations, and to prepare them for the giving of His law.
Exodus 19 can be outlined as follows:
The LORD Defines a Covenant with Israel (Ex. 19:1 – 9)
The LORD Consecrates Israel (Ex. 19:10 – 15)
The LORD Descends to Sinai (Ex. 19:16 – 25) | <urn:uuid:d5b263c5-df68-4673-a843-f695aefd4464> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://thebiblesays.com/commentary/exod/exod-19/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.959032 | 617 | 3.265625 | 3 |
Ready to teach your children about endangered animals? This printable pack is full of fun pages that will help teach your children about some common endangered animals.
This 20-page endangered animal’s printable pack includes:
* Coloring Pages with tracing
* Matching Game
This is also great to add to your Earth Day study unit or a wildlife study unit. | <urn:uuid:58b572ff-6e2b-4e5f-95c5-0c2a94681df7> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://thebrillianthomeschool.com/free-endangered-animals-printable/?fbclid=IwAR2i_RhKVsiho7RCcsBXOCpWMFnZ9xeJp88NNKdoH9xjVvlbyH5g17qtuxw | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.864035 | 76 | 2.59375 | 3 |
A little boy entered the stage and took a seat behind the piano in the little performance venue.
The youngster opened the piano lid and started to play. He audience members were surprised to see such a young child set to perform, yet he exuded confidence.
He performed the piano sonata No. 16 in C major, one of Mozart’s most challenging compositions, beautifully, much to the surprise of everyone in attendance.
The crowd muttered in admiration as the youngster played. They astounded at the ability and perfection displayed by such a young child.
The young man, eventually identified as Alberto Cartucci Cengolani, was born into a musical household and started piano lessons at the age of three.
Even though he was young, the work was more difficult for him than it would have been for an adult because of his little hands.
The performance video of Alberto rapidly became well-known. It became obvious that the young genius had a promising career in music ahead of him.
He had already made up his mind to focus on music and continue to hone his art. Seeing a little youngster with such extraordinary talent and devotion to his interests was motivating. | <urn:uuid:83858e3f-d315-4932-a7c1-fe89b22241d7> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://thecuteland.com/2023/03/18/a-5-year-old-child-appeared-on-stage-and-began-playing-mozart-at-the-piano-in-an-amazing-performance/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.992819 | 238 | 2.828125 | 3 |
The return to the classroom might be challenging for some children. Peter Hanlon reports on how to support them.
Schools returning to the classroom has been a hot button topic of the coronavirus journey, prompting a debate among politicians, medical experts, education leaders, teachers and parents. Students are at the heart of the matter, and reintegration will pose far greater challenges for some than others.
Dannielle Miller, an expert in fostering resilience in teenagers, says young people who experience social anxiety may have found a calm in isolation, where interaction occurs remotely and their bedrooms have become a veritable cocoon. How they will cope when forced to leave the bubble concerns her.
‘I’ve heard a lot of discussion about how socially anxious kids are thriving during this period of isolation,’ Dannielle says. ‘Some may indeed be enjoying not having to face their fears. But I’m worried that this period will really set these young people back long-term when it comes to their capacity to deal with social situations.’
Kerri Rhodes, psychologist at Strathcona Girls Grammar, says there is no blanket emotion or feeling to describe how children with a range of mental health challenges will handle this time. For some, being isolated among family will be comforting. Yet learning via video, for example, might actually be more confronting than being in a classroom. Even the uncertainty around when school will return to ‘normal’ can be unsettling.
‘Then it’s a bit of a paradox – some young people who’ve previously had some attendance issues are wanting to go back to school,’ Kerri says. ‘It’s a bit of a mix is what I’m hearing and seeing.’
Dannielle notes that exposure – setting personal social challenges and conquering them – is a vital tool in managing social anxiety.
‘So it’s worth being cautious if there is a young person in your care who seems to be thriving at this stage, where they’re only required to learn and connect from their bedrooms. There’s a real risk here that we’ll have a generation of young people who retreat from the world, because they’ve been given permission to do that.’
Psychiatrists and psychologists support Dannielle’s fear that isolation could cause regression in their socially anxious patients. Remaining engaged and connected are crucial, and forming strategies around how best to tackle schooling in isolation, and the eventual return to ‘normal’ life.
One: Stretch psychologically
Encouraging small but regular moments that demand stepping outside their comfort zone – such as having young people get out of the house to exercise, or perhaps do the grocery shopping – can have great benefit.
‘They need these psychological stretches, or they’ll become entrenched – and it can’t just be a one-off, it has to be reinforced daily,’ says Dannielle, who has produced an online parent seminar around managing social connection. ‘What we know with social anxiety is that it tends to creep – if you feel socially anxious in one situation, it’s likely that feeling of anxiety will creep into other situations.’
Two: Communicate positively
Kerri Rhodes foresees a ‘new normal’ when students return to school, another adjustment for children who will already need support. With wellbeing a priority, she advocates clear messaging around the need to get back in the classroom, and a positive attitude to the transition.
‘But also remember to be quite realistic – there will be some bumps in the road, reaffirm to your child that it will work out, and you’re there to support them.’
Communication can extend to parents with concerns reaching out to their school before classroom teaching resumes. And to students being encouraged to contact their peers and talk about what they’re looking forward to, and feeling trepidation about.
‘I just encourage parents to make contact with schools, because they’ll be trying to create a feeling of community, rebuilding and connecting, which will be so important,’ Kerri says.
Three: Stick to routine
The temptation to have a lie-in or chip away at schoolwork while still wearing pyjamas can be strong for children who have no longer had to commute to school. Maintaining a school mindset can help to avoid a heavy landing when the school bell rings again.
Dannielle says having children who might retreat to their room with a meal or snack sit down to eat with other family members is a simple act that encourages socialisation. Kerri believes getting children back into a virtual school routine sooner rather than later will be beneficial.
‘If they’re going to bed late, sleeping in, eating at any old time, encouraging them to get back into a school mindset would be helpful.’
Four: Make a plan
Anxiety can come from overestimating perceived risk, and underestimating your ability to cope with that challenge. Drawing up a plan of how to tackle difficult situations once back at school can foster a sense of control and calm.
‘It could include having a safe space to go at school, or a teacher they can turn to for support,’ Kerri says. ‘Even a script, so they know what they have to say to a teacher if things get tricky.’
Like this post? You can share using the buttons on this page.Subscribe | <urn:uuid:81714fd8-6583-468b-bd60-58c812465130> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://theparentswebsite.com.au/leaving-the-bubble-helping-anxious-kids-prepare-for-a-return-to-the-classroom/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.955565 | 1,154 | 2.546875 | 3 |
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Clinicians can use Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) worksheets to effectively treat their clients. These worksheets provide clinicians with the appropriate tools to effectively establish a treatment plan throughout the therapy process. Let’s review more about Cognitive Processing Therapy and how it can help your clients.
What is Cognitive Processing Therapy?
Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) is a cognitive behavioral therapy that has been proven to be effective for reducing and treating symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). It was developed in the late 1980’s by Duke University professor in Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Patricia Resick. Her aim was to provide a clear pathway to combat symptoms of PTSD. Her approach has since been adopted by many organizations such as the American Psychological Association, the International Society of Traumatic Stress Studies, and the United States Department of Veterans Affairs. The APA’s clinical Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of PTSD cites the use of CPT as well.
How Does Cognitive Processing Therapy Work?
CPT is a short-term form of cognitive behavioral talk therapy. Typically the patient will complete the treatment plan within 12 sessions or less depending on the severity of their situation. CPT usually takes 12 weeks to complete containing 60-90 minute sessions. It requires the patient to engage in homework, so it is not recommended for individuals that struggle with literacy. Due to this, it is used to treat adults and some older adolescents. Furthermore, patients that struggle with comorbid bipolar disorder, substance abuse, and suicidal ideations may not be ideal candidates to undergo this form of treatment. Patients have to be diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder in order to undergo this form of treatment. Patients that work in fields that anticipate continuous exposure to traumatic events can benefit from this form of treatment. Career fields such as these include first responders, military personnel, photojournalists, healthcare professionals, and war correspondents. Due to prior traumatic experiences, patients tend to think very differently about themselves and their environment in the following areas:
- Doubting their safety and ability to protect themselves.
- Trusting intentions and judgment of others and themselves.
- Feeling as if they can’t control their lives or affect the lives of important people around them.
- Struggling with self-esteem, perceiving themselves as “damaged” or “broken.”
- Feeling unable to be understood or connect with others.
In most settings a full treatment plan is conducted in the following order:
1. Overview of PTSD and CPT.
Clinicians discuss PTSD, CPT, roles of emotion in trauma recovery, review index trauma, and assign practice assignments and problem solve.
2. Examining the Impact of Trauma.
Patients examine connections among events, thoughts, and feelings. Upon completion clinicians distribute ABC worksheets and assign other practice assignments.
3. Working with Events, Thoughts and Feelings.
After reviewing worksheets, clinicians explain correlations between thoughts and emotions and assist in realization that change and thoughts can change intensity of those emotions.
4. Examining the Index Event
Clinicians identify the context of trauma. Next, clinicians explain the difference between responsibility and blame. Clinicians then implement Challenging Questions worksheet and more practice assignments.
5. Challenging Questions Worksheet
Clinicians and patients begin by reviewing the Challenging Questions worksheet and introduce and explain Patterns of Problematic Thinking worksheet.
6. Problematic Thinking Worksheet
Clinicians then review patterns of problematic thinking and introduce and review Challenging Beliefs worksheet.
7. Challenging Beliefs Worksheet
Clinicians review worksheets then progress into an overview of the 5 particular problem areas that are Safety, Trust, Control, Esteem and Intimacy.
8. Processing Safety
Clinicians review Challenging Beliefs worksheets and practice responses related to Safety and provide further practice if necessary.
9. Processing Trust
After reviewing responses related to trust, clinicians aid patients in confronting problematic cognitions and use alternative beliefs to combat negative thoughts.
10. Processing Control
Clinicians then use responses given over the course of the treatment to address any anger management problems if present and help patients find a balanced view of control.
11. Review of Esteem
Clinicians explore esteem with patients, reviewing feelings of permanent damage and the need for perfection. Finally, the clinician begins to discuss the termination of treatment.
12. Processing Intimacy and Therapy Termination
Clinicians focus on the development of relationships and their patients ability to calm themselves and self-sooth in a healthy way. Upon termination of treatment, clinicians help identify goals for the future and outline action plans to meet them.
Which Conditions can CPT Help With?
Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) is specifically used to combat symptoms of PTSD. It can be used for conditions related to PTSD such as the following:
- Psychological distress
- Intrusive thoughts/memories
- Sleep disturbances
- Suicidal thoughts
- Negative physical reactions
Symptoms stemming from PTSD can range in severity over time, and all symptoms are not required to be present to be diagnosed. It is common for more than a few symptoms to be present when an individual suffers from PTSD. Furthermore, feelings of hopelessness about the future are present. In turn, it can make it difficult for the individual to function day to day and can decrease their overall well being and life satisfaction. Many individuals that suffer from PTSD struggle with maintaining their lives, relationships, and interests before the traumatic event. A decrease in cognitive function can be present as a result of PTSD. Such as, memory and emotional functions.
How Effective is Cognitive Processing Therapy?
Put into practice in the late 1980’s, clinicians have seen success along with longevity in practicing CPT. It has been found to be incredibly effective for military veterans as shown in studies conducted in both the United States and Australia. Moreover, studies conducted outside of military settings have shown PTSD patients that received CPT fared better than those that went without at a rate of almost 90% along with outperforming other methods on some non-PTSD scenarios.
Final Thoughts on Cognitive Processing Therapy
Cognitive processing therapy is proven to be effective. However, it is important to keep in mind that it was developed specifically to treat patients that suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder. While it can be used to treat depression and anxiety, it is not used to treat those disorders as they stand alone. First and foremost, PTSD is the main component and patients that experience depression and anxiety as a result can find CPT to be helpful in alleviating those symptoms as well. If you find an individual that exemplifies the characteristics of the conditions listed above, think of using cognitive processing therapy to treat them.
Why CPT Worksheets?
Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) worksheets are tools used in therapy to help individuals identify and challenge negative thoughts and beliefs that can contribute to trauma-related symptoms.
CPT worksheets are particularly useful in helping individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or other trauma-related conditions. They can help individuals process traumatic events and develop coping skills to manage their symptoms. Some of the key benefits of using CPT worksheets include:
- Identifying negative thoughts and beliefs: CPT worksheets help individuals identify negative thoughts and beliefs that are contributing to their symptoms. By understanding the underlying beliefs that are driving their reactions, individuals can begin to challenge and reframe these thoughts.
- Developing coping skills: CPT worksheets also provide guidance for developing coping skills to manage trauma-related symptoms. This includes strategies for managing anxiety, reducing avoidance behaviors, and improving interpersonal relationships.
- Challenging negative thoughts and beliefs: Once negative thoughts and beliefs are identified, CPT worksheets provide a framework for challenging and reframing them. This helps individuals develop a more balanced and accurate perspective on their traumatic experiences.
- Measuring progress: CPT worksheets can be used to track progress over time. By completing worksheets regularly, individuals can see how their thoughts, beliefs, and symptoms have changed, which can provide motivation and a sense of accomplishment.
Overall, CPT worksheets are an effective tool for helping individuals process traumatic events, challenge negative thoughts and beliefs, and develop coping skills to manage their symptoms. They provide a structured and evidence-based approach to therapy, leading to improved outcomes for individuals struggling with the after-effects of trauma.
Why Our Cognitive Processing Therapy Worksheets?
Our Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) worksheets are designed to help practitioners deliver Cognitive Processing Therapy to their clients more effectively.
Key Features of Our CPT Worksheets:
- US letter size (8.5″ x 11″)
- Fillable / Printable
- Editable (If you need to make changes, we can provide you with a free editing website that will allow you to make changes to questions/statements)
- Longform responses
- Short form responses
Benefits of our CPT Worksheets:
- Take in responses from clients on a digital device like a computer
- Organize client documents in an easy to find folder on your computer or in the cloud
- Search for specific questions and/or answers by using “CTRL + f” function on your keyboard when viewing your PDF
- Legibly read your client’s answers
- Print copies that are high in quality – (we made this form grey on purpose! Much easier on your printer)
Thank you for supporting TherapyPatron.com! | <urn:uuid:10cddf2b-666d-4340-8669-15dfb5ef17d5> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://therapypatron.com/product-category/template/therapies/cognitive-processing-therapy-cpt-worksheets/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.924263 | 2,004 | 3.296875 | 3 |
PentaMinLa / PentaBal — a clustered basic pentatonality and prime Na tonality
Tonalibus 2f-8 penta – 2021-09 – 37
Tonalibus 2f-8 penta – 2021-09 – 38
Tonalibus 2f-8 penta – 2021-09 – 39
Scale and sound samples
- Pentatonality matrix: The octave of a regular pentatonality includes two Reach steps, three whole steps, and no half step (or semitone). One or two consecutive whole steps frame and separate the two Reach steps. A clustered pentatonality has two consecutive Reach steps and three consecutive whole steps. Some further basic pentatonalities contain three Reach steps, at least two of them consecutive. And extended pentatonalities include a double whole step plus one or two Reach steps.
- PentaMinLa / PentaBal: The first name indicates that this is a pentatonality based on AeolDorian with the major sixth (La and Last harmonic in the series) but without second or seventh. It corresponds to Dorian, without the major second or minor seventh. The second name indicates that this extra pentatonality has a particularly balanced structure, which is vertically symmetrical.
- Step pattern: Ascending from the fundamental (tonic or Do), there is a Reach step. Then follow three consecutive whole steps. Finally a Reach step leads up to the octave.
- Scale intervals: Minor third, quart, quint, and major sixth.
- Tetra- and trichords: The lower tetra- or trichord is PentaMin and the upper PentaMaj.
- Harmonic axes: There is one axis, which is horizontal, E-W.
- Primary harmonic anchors: The fundamental or North anchor is fully present. The East and West anchor are partial, both with only their head and no legs. The contrast or South anchor is completely absent.
- Secondary harmonic anchors: There are no secondary anchors.
- PentaMinLa / PentaBal is a significant Core tonality in that it contains the heads of three corners of the sound temple. And instead of the head of the missing South or contrast anchor, it contains the the two legs of the fundamental or North anchor completing its presence.
- Penta- to hepta- and hexatonality correlation: PentaMinLa / PentaBal is most closely related to PentaCor. | <urn:uuid:dd71c5c4-0f8d-4b50-89fc-d0466b7874a8> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://tonalibus.org/en/tonalities/pentatonalities/pentaminla-or-pentabal/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.875549 | 505 | 3.328125 | 3 |
Garden Club members have spent several sunny Friday mornings clearing the Forest Garden and rediscovering forgotten plants amongst the undergrowth. It’s been instructive to see how the garden has evolved over the past year with minimal human intervention. Some plants have held their own while others have disappeared amongst the more vigorous weeds around them. As we cleared one sheltered spot of nettles and brambles, the unmistakable scent of mint hung in the air, reminding us of the mint that was planted several years ago. Mint (pictured above) has lived up to its reputation as a vigorous spreader and has thrived in the forest garden through this year of lockdowns.
Valued for its flavour and scent, mint spreads rapidly by underground stems. It’s ability to provide excellent ground cover and stabilize the soil is evident in the Forest garden where we found several varieties of mint resurfacing from their winter dormancy. The chocolate mint (Mentha x piperita ‘Chocolate’) with its characteristic brown hue and peppermint (Mentha x piperita) with its brighter green leaves are forming a dense mat. The apple mint (Mentha suaveolens) with its large leaves and furry stems is making its way upwards through the undergrowth near the apple trees. Strawberry mint in the Forest garden nursery is waiting to be planted out. Each of these mints have a subtly different scent. We can’t quite agree whether each of the scents live up to their particular names!
Oregano and rosemary are other herbs from the mint family (Lamiaceae) that are growing in the Triangle Garden. There are several other herbs providing ground cover and interesting scents. These include chives (bottom pic) with their purple buds at the entrance to the garden, English mace (pic below) a relatively unknown perennial herb, chamomile and a young bay laurel.
Thanks to Kavita from Garden Club for this blog post. | <urn:uuid:8725dd57-b28f-46ac-a8e8-ad6d7fd1210a> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://trianglegarden.org/2021/05/garden-club-rediscover-the-forest-garden-herb-layer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.951734 | 407 | 2.515625 | 3 |
The model of political competence claims to describe the subject-related dimensions of the teaching-learning process. They have to be compatible with the normative objectives of political didactics. Knowing political competence can help you with your IQ test gratis.
Concept of competence and model of political competence
You can base the competence dimension of specialist knowledge on a concept of knowledge at the center of which is conceptual knowledge. This differs from factual knowledge as well as from individual technical knowledge. Conceptual knowledge disregards concrete experiences and instead categorizes their characteristics and characteristics. Concepts allow the retrieval of meaningful and perceptual knowledge content from memory.
IQ test: Political judgment
In terms of cognitive psychology, judgment is a process in which a person assigns a certain object a value on a judgment dimension. Objects of judgment are objects, situations, people, statements, ideas as well as internal states. Judgment dimensions classify or scale the statement made in the judgment.
Political judgments relate to tasks and problems in the social environment, the political system and international relations. In addition, political programs, beliefs and political actors can be the subject of political judgments.
IQ test: Political ability to act
Action is shaped by a number of cognitive psychological processing patterns. Perceptions, thoughts, emotions, skills, and activities are used in a coordinated manner to either achieve goals or to withdraw from unworthy or unachievable goals. The totality of the action concepts and action schemes available to a person is called action competence.
Political attitude and motivation
In cognitive psychology, you understand attitude to mean any preparatory cognitive activity that precedes thinking or perception. An attitude can improve or inhibit the quality of perception. Attitudes are therefore individual peculiarities in the evaluation of concrete objects of perception or thought. In this sense, an attitude is to be seen as a cognitive scheme. This represents the knowledge about an object and can facilitate the processing of information, but can also make it more difficult. Attitudes influence thinking, feeling, judging and acting.
IQ test: Political literacy model in the classroom
Teachers and students can use the political competence model. It is a proposal that, guided by theory, defines the concept of competence and makes it manageable in practice. The model should make it clear to the teachers that politics lessons primarily focus on promoting the four dimensions of competence. You should take them into account in the design of the lesson, in the selection of materials, in the decision on methods and in the formulation of the learning tasks, and make them accessible to the learners. | <urn:uuid:fcf6f615-41b6-47c7-8ee3-a59ac58cfb9f> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://trickorvote.org/tag/political-competence/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.938382 | 509 | 3.234375 | 3 |
A Preventable Danger
As a driver, you have been given a huge responsibility. Everyone is counting on you to get the goods to the proper destination quickly and safely. You take safety seriously, but even the most experienced drivers can sometimes get distracted. The number one distraction for drivers today? Our cell phones. Even in hand-free mode, multiple studies have shown that drivers could be missing up to half of the visual stimuli around them.
Here’s a disturbing statistic for you. According to the National Highway Transportation and Safety Administration (NHTSA), taking your eyes off the road for a single text while traveling 55 MPH is equal to driving with your eyes closed for the length of an entire football field. Imagine your family members and loved ones surrounded by people driving with their eyes closed at high speeds, perhaps even in a large commercial vehicle. Talk about a sobering reminder of the importance of staying focused while driving!
The NHTSA reported that 3,142 people were killed in distracted driving accidents in 2019, accounting for 8.7% of all crash fatalities that year. Because of the high risk involved, handheld devices have been banned for drivers of commercial vehicles since 2011.
To put it simply, multitasking, especially while driving, is a myth. The human mind simply cannot devote equal attention to multiple tasks at the same time. Any task that takes your mind off the road should be avoided if possible. Not only is distracted driving a major safety concern, it also carries hefty penalties, which include the following:
· Up to $2,750 in fines per offense for drivers
· Up to $11,000 in fines for employers who allow or require drivers to use handheld devices
· Possible driver disqualification for repeat offenders
· Negative impact on Safety Measurement System (SMS) results
What actions count as using devices illegally?
According to the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), you may be fined for the following actions:
· Using at least one hand to hold a mobile phone to make a call
· Dialing a mobile phone by pressing more than a single button
· Reaching for a mobile phone in a manner that requires a driver to maneuver so that he or she is no longer in a seated driving position, restrained by a seat belt
Staying in touch while avoiding distracted driving
Now you understand why distracted driving is a problem. But how can you stay in touch for important messages or calls while still maintaining a safe focus on the road? Luckily, your mobile phone can actually help with some special setting features.
For Apple Users:
Set up the Driving Focus to silence or limit messages and other notifications. Just go to Settings, then Focus. Tap the + sign in the upper right-hand corner and select “Driving.” You can customize the Driving Focus feature to allow specific contacts or allow emergency notifications. Through Driving Focus, you can also automatically share with others that your notifications are silenced so your contacts know you are waiting to respond until you safely reach your destination, or choose an auto-reply to let contacts know you are unavailable. Driving Focus can be set up to turn on automatically for a “set it and forget it” option that always keeps your driving free of mobile phone distractions.
For Android Users:
For every phone with Android 9 or newer, users can set up Focus Mode. Go to Settings, then Digital Wellbeing. You can also search “Focus Mode” under Settings. From there, you are presented with a list of distracting apps. You can choose which ones to silence in Focus Mode and which ones to leave active. Focus Mode can also be added to the Quick Settings menu to more easily turn it on and off.
With just a few taps, you can do your part to keep the roads a safer place for all drivers. You can also spread the word about the dangers of distracted driving to other drivers, your friends, and family. As awareness increases, it is our hope at Trillium Driver Solutions that safety increases as well. | <urn:uuid:1cc55e88-4cd2-4e0c-b58f-0bb8d2c0dbea> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://trilliumstaffing.com/blog/2022/03/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.946752 | 822 | 2.734375 | 3 |
The Food Price Report 2019 suggests that vegetable prices will go up by as much as six percent next year. That’s significant because, unlike meat or fish, fewer alternatives exist when it comes to replacing vegetables.
According to the report, recently released by Dalhousie University and the University of Guelph, El Nino will be to blame, since Canada imports a great quantity of vegetables from regions prone to drought during El Nino periods, including the western United States and northern Mexico. And 2019 will be an El Nino year.
The six percent increase is in addition to the 4.8 percent hike in vegetable prices in 2018.
Given that we could experience a second consecutive year of significant price increases, many wonder whether eating local produce is a better option.
Global supply chains have allowed us to become more efficient and given consumers more choices and a broader selection of affordable food products. But eating local has its advantages, too.
The environmental case for eating local is almost undisputed. You can significantly reduce your carbon footprint just by increasing your locally-grown food consumption.
And local foods prices are consistently priced, if generally higher. Price is much less volatile when short-circuit distribution systems are involved. The number of intermediaries is limited compared to global food chains, which are exposed to environmental fluctuations and differing economic conditions, which can all lead to greater cost variations.
Extensive, large-scale networks always give markets what they need at the right time, at the right place, at a decent price, and with an acceptable level of quality – until something goes terribly wrong. A single failure can lead to huge disruptions affecting many people.
A case in point is the romaine lettuce disaster in November. Grown in California and Arizona, fresh lettuce is delivered to Canadians at a decent price. But with the recent E.coli outbreak in romaine lettuce, not only did people get sick, but the prices of leafy greens in Canada skyrocketed.
The Canadian Food Inspection Agency prevented romaine lettuce from entering Canada. When that happens, importers must procure similar products elsewhere, likely at higher cost, to meet consumer expectations. Consumers want their leafy greens, even in winter, no matter what.
Eventually, the situation will go back to normal and most will forget about the romaine lettuce crisis. That’s the nature of market failures. Systems adapt and improve over time.
But many people in the marketplace envy the stability and sustainability of local food systems. Unlike global supply chain systems, transparency is a non-issue since most producers know each other.
Buying locally-grown vegetables can also give some peace of mind to shoppers. You’ll likely pay more but the prices are mostly predictable. Simplicity has its virtues but it also comes at a cost. Local foods typically cost 20 to 40 percent more than the cheapest imported varieties available in the same marketplace.
Research shows that city dwellers are more likely to favour locally-grown or manufactured food products, for the simple fact that agriculture is often a distant concept to them. Many Canadians have never been to a farm. Buying local is the one way to feel a real connection with agriculture and farmers.
There’s also more wealth in cities than rural communities. So although price is still a consideration for urban dwellers, it’s more important to less wealthy consumers in rural areas.
That’s where global supply chains come in.
Given that Canadians have access to the fifth most affordable food basket in the world, relative to household income, global supply chains appear to be serving them well.
And getting our vegetable fix from all over the world isn’t such a bad idea. Our nordic climate doesn’t give us many options. But global supply chains come with their fair share of risks, which in turn generate price volatility.
At the same time, buying local produce can be critical to our agri-food economy. In many parts of the country, local vegetable production is a priority, through vertical farms, greenhouses using novel technologies and other initiatives.
Access to more locally-grown vegetables, while striking a balance between local and global, will be key.
But price hikes affecting vegetables are a challenge for many, especially those with limited means. That means visiting the freezer aisle may not be a bad idea. It may not taste the same as fresh, but you’ll get the same nutritional value from frozen veggies.
Amidst all this, there is one piece of good news: the Food Price Report 2019 authors suggest that the cost of meat and fish products will drop next year by up to three percent. This is a first decline in fish and meat prices in the study’s nine-year history.
So meat lovers can do a happy dance around the barbecue next summer. Just don’t forget your veggies.
Dr. Sylvain Charlebois is senior director of the agri-food analytics lab and a professor in food distribution and policy at Dalhousie University. | <urn:uuid:5682c2d0-dfa1-4bc8-8edd-acbb8e541169> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://troymedia.com/business/getting-vegetable-fix-higher-price/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.94365 | 1,030 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Burnout is a state of emotional, physical, and mental exhaustion caused by excessive and prolonged stress. It occurs when an individual feels overwhelmed and drained emotionally. They may have a number of demands upon them, which they feel they can not meet. As the stress builds and continues over a period of time, people can start to lose interest in certain aspects of their life. For example, if their burnout is being caused by work stress, they may begin to feel a lack of interest and motivation at their workplace.
Although burnout is sometimes caused by a specific areas of life such as work, the impact of burnout tends to spill over into every area of life. It can affects home life, social life and can certainly have a negative impact on overall health. It can cause changes to our immune system and people experiencing Burnout might find that they are more susceptible to illnesses such as colds, or flu. They might also find that when they become unwell, it can take a long time for them to shake off their symptoms and get better.
Many people think that burnout is just a result of experiencing lots of stress, but it isn’t quite the same as this. When people are very stressed, and feel as though they have too many pressures on them, they generally feel that if they could reduce these pressures, they would feel better. There is light at the end of the tunnel, and they can see an end to their stress in sight.
When people are feeling burnt out, they often report feeling a sense of emptiness, and almost as though they are beyond caring. They might describe feeling mentally exhausted and may have little motivation or drive. They often don’t have much hope for a positive change, there is no light at the end of the tunnel and they may not see an end to their struggles. It often involves a cycle of negative emotions and withdrawal, that can be hard to break out of.
Signs and symptoms of Burnout
- Feeling tired or drained
- Feeling helpless, trapped and/or defeated, unable to see a way out
- Feeling detached from the world
- Feeling alone
- Feeling negative about the future
- Procrastinating and taking a long time to get things done
- Feeling overwhelmed
What type of therapy can help?
Contact Us Today
For a free 15-minute consultation with a psychologist complete the contact us form. | <urn:uuid:2710ec45-2007-4426-ae52-6daf2e5e7853> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://turningtidespsychology.co.uk/burnout/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.975149 | 488 | 3.09375 | 3 |
ARUP‘ s Design Book: 50 city stories explored, offers a great exploration of intelligent design for urban spaces. It stated that intelligent design is sometimes about new ideas or development. It’ s also often about giving cities’ existing assets ‘“ buildings, infrastructure and beyond ‘“ a new lease of life through well-planned updates.
Highlighting the interaction between urban environment and human development, city transformation follows a similar evolutionary pattern as human society through time. However, the constantly increasing urbanization trend that modern societies face, has resulted in a similarly high level of complexity within modern cities. This complexity is also followed by a difficulty in understanding and managing community issues.
Green cities, intelligent cities, responsible cities, resilient cities, beautiful cities and future cities, all of them are characterized by their own diversified historical paths, which have been substantially affected by human intervention. This in many cases has led to the birth of mega cities like Shanghai, where ARUP’ s interventions have played a crucial role throughout the evolution of the urban space.
Gregory Hodkinson states that:
If our cities are to be efficient, liveable, resilient and sustainable, the relatively long life-cycle of urban development means we can ill afford to get it wrong. It is a challenge that cities around the world must confront, regardless of their size, wealth or location. Future generations will live with how we handle it.
Read the full Design Book here. | <urn:uuid:058077c0-3602-4c1f-8b61-21f5d6df7604> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://urenio.org/2016/04/19/design-book-50-city-stories-explored/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.952447 | 298 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Resize text to fit
There are a number of ways you can have text resize to fit its parent container, but it's been largely limited to adjusting the font size. The problem with this approach is that making the font smaller is not always the best option for our designs.
The flexibility of variable fonts enable developers to create more responsive designs and components that would have previously required sacrifices. With variable fonts that contain a width axis, we can adjust the
font-stretch property with CSS to condense the font. When we combine this with
font-size we can create more flexible response text on the web. For our example, we are using Barlow which has a width axis with a range of 300% to 500%.
You can either check out the Demo on Codepen now, or you can read on to get a breakdown.
To accomplish this we need a few things, firstly the width of the parent container and secondly, we will use
scrollWidth to measure the width of our text.
const parentContainerWidth = text.parentNode.clientWidth; const currentTextWidth = text.scrollWidth;
Once we have these we also need to determine what the current
font-stretch value is so we can update it as the parent changes. One way to do this is to use
const currentFontStretch = parseInt(window.getComputedStyle(text).fontStretch);
Finally, we can use these values to determine the new
Math.max are really useful in this case because I don't want to extend past the available axis range for the font.
const newValue = Math.min( Math.max(300, (parentContainerWidth / currentTextWidth) * currentFontStretch), 500 );
If we break this down, let's say our parent container is 300px wide, our text is 150px wide and out current font-stretch value is at the starting value of 300%. If we divide the parent by the child we'd have a value of 2, which we then multiply by the current
font-stretch of 300, giving us a value of 600 e.g.
Math.max(300, 600). Because
Math.max will return the highest value we'll take 600, leaving us with
Math.min(600, 500), in this case we want the minimum value (our maximum font-stretch) so the final value will be 500.
This will ensure that our font-stretch value matches the width of our container, within the constraints of the available values.
Finally we can use CSS custom properties to update our
font-stretch value in our CSS leaving us with the final effect.
text.style.setProperty('--fontStretch', newValue + '%');
In order to update in real time, for my Codepen example I used the
resizeObserver to detect changes to the box div around my text and then i'd run a function called
calcWidth which container the above code each time a change was detected.
While I was working on this I wanted a quick way to resize a div for the demo, I procrastinated a lot on it because I thought i'd have to write a bunch of code. Turns out, Chris Coyier had a great CSS only suggestion!
resize. This property accepts a number of options and sets whether an element is resizable, and in which directions you can resize it! It only works on elements that don't have an overflow of hidden though. Check it out on MDN. (Or have a play with the bottom right corner on the header box).
You can see the full implementation in the Codepen example. | <urn:uuid:3521111b-6d7e-4c72-a774-e24bf6169108> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://variablefonts.dev/posts/resize-to-fit | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.823133 | 762 | 2.53125 | 3 |
NIH-funded, preclinical study suggests a common form of brain cancer may be treated with combination radio- and chemotherapy
by National Institutes of Health News Release
In a study of mice and human brain tumors researchers at the University of the Michigan, Ann Arbor, searched for new treatments by exploring the reasons why some patients with gliomas live remarkably longer than others. The results suggested that certain patients’ tumor cells are less aggressive and much better at repairing DNA than others but are difficult to kill with radiation. The researchers then showed that combining radiation therapy with cancer drugs designed to block DNA repair may be an effective treatment strategy. The study was funded by the National Institutes of Health.
The researchers focused on low-grade gliomas that carry a disease-causing mutation in a gene called isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1), which encodes a protein known to help cells produce energy. This mutation is found in about 50 percent of cases of primary low-grade gliomas, a common and lethal form of brain tumor. Glioma patients whose tumors have mutations in IDH1 are typically younger and live longer than those whose tumors have the normal gene. These tumors also often have mutations in genes called TP53 (a tumor suppressor gene) and ATRX (a DNA-protein complex remodeling gene).
“Every year thousands of people are diagnosed with brain cancer and have little hope for long-term survival,” said Maria G. Castro, Ph.D., professor of neurosurgery at Michigan Medicine and a senior author of the paper published in Science Translational Medicine. “Our team’s mission is to find life-saving treatments for these patients. The results from this study could be a blueprint for extending, if not saving, the lives of many patients.”
The researchers recreated the patients’ tumors by genetically engineering mice to grow brain cancer cells that have the disease-causing mutations in IDH1 along with mutations in TP53 and ATRX. Like the patients, these mice lived longer than control mice whose tumors were programmed to have normal IDH1 while still harboring the mutations in TP53 and ATRX.
When the research team examined the tumors, they found that the IDH1 mutation made the glioma cells less aggressive. The cells divided at a lower rate than the controls and were much less likely to trigger tumor growth when implanted into mouse brains.
They also discovered that the IDH1 mutation, in the presence of mutations in TP53 and ATRX, made the tumors resistant to ionizing radiation, a treatment that kills cells often by damaging DNA. For instance, radiation exposure extended the lives of mice that were implanted with control tumors but had no effect on mice implanted with IDH1 mutant cells.
Further experiments provided a possible explanation for this resistance. The results suggested the disease-causing mutation changed the activity of IDH1 which, in turn, triggered a cascade of chemical reactions that modified the cancer cells’ genes in a way that increased the manufacture of proteins known to repair damaged DNA.
“Our results demonstrate that the metabolic changes caused by the IDH1 mutation reprograms brain cancer cells,” said Dr. Castro.
These results led the researchers to formulate and test a new combination therapy. They found that they could extend the lives of mice with mutant IDH1 tumors by exposing them to radiation while also injecting them with anti-cancer drugs designed to block DNA repair. In contrast, treating these mice with either radiation or one of the drugs alone had no effect. Several of the findings seen in mice were also seen in human gliomas grown in petri dishes.
“These findings have the potential to impact many younger glioma patients with low grade tumors by either ‘curing’ them or extending their lives,” said Jane Fountain, Ph.D., program director, NIH’s National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. “The preclinical model Dr Castro’s team developed will be extremely valuable to cancer researchers. It closely mirrors the human disease.”
Dr. Castro’s team has started planning a Phase 1 clinical trial which will test the safety and efficacy of the combination therapy strategy outlined in this study.
This study was supported by grants from the NIH (NS094804, NS105556, NS076991, NS096756, NS099427, NS103500, NS106887, EB022563, CA224160, CA009676, CA151022, DK097153).
NINDS (http://www.ninds.nih.gov) is the nation’s leading funder of research on the brain and nervous system. The mission of NINDS is to seek fundamental knowledge about the brain and nervous system and to use that knowledge to reduce the burden of neurological disease.
About the National Cancer Institute (NCI): NCI leads the National Cancer Program and NIH’s efforts to dramatically reduce the prevalence of cancer and improve the lives of cancer patients and their families, through research into prevention and cancer biology, the development of new interventions, and the training and mentoring of new researchers. For more information about cancer, please visit the NCI website at cancer.gov or call NCI’s Contact Center, the Cancer Information Service, at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237).
About the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering: NIBIB’s mission is to improve health by leading the development and accelerating the application of biomedical technologies. The Institute is committed to integrating the physical and engineering sciences with the life sciences to advance basic research and medical care. NIBIB supports emerging technology research and development within its internal laboratories and through grants, collaborations, and training. More information is available at the NIBIB website: http://www.nibib.nih.gov.
About the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK): The NIDDK, part of the NIH, conducts and supports basic and clinical research and research training on some of the most common, severe, and disabling conditions affecting Americans. The Institute’s research interests include diabetes and other endocrine and metabolic diseases; digestive diseases, nutrition, and obesity; and kidney, urologic, and hematologic diseases. For more information, visit www.niddk.nih.gov.
About the National Institutes of Health (NIH): NIH, the nation’s medical research agency, includes 27 Institutes and Centers and is a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIH is the primary federal agency conducting and supporting basic, clinical, and translational medical research, and is investigating the causes, treatments, and cures for both common and rare diseases. For more information about NIH and its programs, visit www.nih.gov.
Nunez, F.J..; “IDH-R132H acts as a tumor suppressor in glioma via epigenetic upregulation of the DNA damage response,” February 13, 2019, Science Translational Medicine; DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaq1427
Carol graduated from Riverside White Cross School of Nursing in Columbus, Ohio and received her diploma as a registered nurse. She attended Bowling Green State University where she received a Bachelor of Arts Degree in History and Literature. She attended the University of Toledo, College of Nursing, and received a Master’s of Nursing Science Degree as an Educator.
She has traveled extensively, is a photographer, and writes on medical issues. Carol has three children RJ, Katherine, and Stephen – one daughter-in-law; Katie – two granddaughters; Isabella Marianna and Zoe Olivia – and one grandson, Alexander Paul. She also shares her life with her husband Gordon Duff, many cats, and two rescues. | <urn:uuid:0fc0736a-a9d7-402f-b5cf-662df6629467> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://veteranstoday.com/2019/02/19/new-blue-print-for-treating-a-deadly-brain-tumor/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.939701 | 1,652 | 3.1875 | 3 |
Discuss China’s Emerging Role in the Post-U.S. Withdrawal Era in Afghanistan.
China’s immediate concern with the U.S. withdrawal is the potential for instability in the region, which could threaten its investments in Afghanistan and neighboring countries. In recent years, China has become increasingly involved in Afghanistan’s development, investing in infrastructure projects, including roads, railways, and mining operations. It is also actively engaged in promoting regional connectivity and economic integration through the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), which includes several projects in Afghanistan.
China’s involvement in Afghanistan is prima
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China has been trying to build its influence in Afghanistan through various channels, including diplomacy, economic cooperation, and security cooperation. The Chinese government has been engaging with the Taliban, which has emerged as the dominant political force in Afghanistan after the U.S. withdrawal. China’s Foreign Minister Wang Yi met with a delegation of Taliban leaders in July 2021, where he emphasized the need for peace and stability in the country and expressed China’s willingness to work with the Taliban to achieve these goals.
China has also been engaging with other regional powers, including Pakistan, Russia, and Iran, to ensure stability in Afghanistan. China’s cooperation with Pakistan, which has longstanding ties with the Taliban, is of particular significance. Pakistan has been facilitating talks between the Taliban and the Afghan government, and China has been using its influence with Pakistan to push for a peaceful resolution to the conflict.
In conclusion, China’s emerging role in the post-U.S. withdrawal era in Afghanistan is primarily driven by its economic interests. China’s involvement in Afghanistan is part of its broader strategy to secure access to the country’s vast mineral resources and to establish itself as a key player in the region. China’s engagement with the Taliban and other regional powers is aimed at ensuring stability in Afghanistan, which is crucial for its economic interests in the region. | <urn:uuid:644c9471-7bc2-40be-9bb9-2bde832c217a> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://vipwritinghelp.com/business-plan/experts-answers/discuss-chinas-emerging-role-in-the-post-u-s-withdrawal-era-in-afghanistan/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.967184 | 423 | 2.5625 | 3 |
According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), heat stroke is one of the leading causes of death among children. Even great parents can forget a child in the back seat. Other risk factors include caregivers who aren’t used to driving kids or whose routine suddenly changes, or a child slips away to play in the vehicle and becomes trapped.
Along with the NHTSA, the National Child Passenger Safety Board, a program managed by the National Safety Council, would like to draw attention to National Heat Stroke Awareness Day this July 31st. Since 1998, there have been 684 deaths in the United States from adults leaving a child in a hot vehicle. Noheatstroke.org informs that the children whom have died from vehicular heat stroke in the United States (1998-2015) have ranged in age from 5 days to 14 years. More than half of the deaths are children under 2 years of age. So far this year, the United States has seen 23 children die for this reason. From 1998 to 2015, 30 of these children have been in Arizona.
WebMD states that heat stroke occurs when the core body temperature is greater than 105 degrees Fahrenheit, with complications involving the central nervous system that occur after exposure to high temperatures. They continue to say that heat stroke can kill or cause damage to the brain and other internal organs. Jan Null, CCM, and founder of noheatstroke.org, warns that children’s thermoregulatory systems are not as efficient as an adult’s and their body temperatures warm at a rate 3 to 5 times faster than an adult’s. The NHTSA stresses that heat stroke can occur even with outside temperatures as low as the 60s. With external temps in the 60s the interior of a car can heat up above 110 degrees. The NHTSA also states that a car can heat up by 20 degrees in just 10 minutes, so children should not be left in a vehicle for any period of time, no matter how quick you think your stop may be.
The NHTSA “Look Before You Lock” campaign offers this advice to protect children from vehicular heat stroke:
- NEVER LEAVE A CHILD UNATTENDED IN A VEHICLE. Not even for a minute!
- If you see a child unattended in a hot vehicle CALL 9-1-1!
- Be sure that all occupants leave the vehicle when unloading. Don’t overlook sleeping babies.
- Always lock your car and ensure children do not have access to keys or remote entry devices. Teach children that vehicles are never to be used as a play area.
- IF A CHILD IS MISSING, ALWAYS CHECK THE POOL FIRST, AND THEN THE CAR, INCLUDING THE TRUNK.
- Keep a stuffed animal in the car-seat and when the child is put in the seat place the animal in the front with the driver. Or place your purse, briefcase or cell phone in the back seat as a reminder that you have your child in the car.
- Make “look before you lock” a routine whenever you get out of the car.
- Have a plan that your childcare provider will call you if your child does not show up for school.
Taking Action if You See a Child Alone in a Car
The NHTSA stresses that if you see a child alone in a car, don’t worry about getting involved in someone else’s business—protecting children is everyone’s business.
- Don’t wait more than a few minutes for the driver to return.
- If the child is not responsive or is in distress, immediately:
- Call 911.
- Get the child out of the car.
- Spray the child with cool water (not in an ice bath).
- If the child is responsive:
- Stay with the child until help arrives.
- Have someone else search for the driver or ask the facility to page them.
Warning Signs of Heat Stroke
According to WebMB, the hallmark symptom of heat stroke is a core body temperature above 105 degrees Fahrenheit. But fainting may be the first sign. Other symptoms include:
- Throbbing headache
- Dizziness and light-headedness
- Lack of sweating despite the heat
- Red, hot, and dry skin
- Muscle weakness or cramps
- Nausea and vomiting
- Rapid heartbeat, which may be either strong or weak
- Rapid, shallow breathing
- Behavioral changes such as confusion, disorientation, or staggering
Vehicular heat stroke is 100% preventable. If at any point you see a child left in a vehicle, don’t forget to “act fast and save a life.” And, if you are a parent, or someone who is responsible for transporting children at any time, always remember to “look before you lock.” Let’s keep our kids safe not only this summer, but all year, every year. | <urn:uuid:f93eaabe-0f24-41fb-b473-996758b21fac> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://virginiaautoservice.com/july-31-is-national-heat-stroke-awareness-day/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.927289 | 1,039 | 3.3125 | 3 |
Welcome to the Wadden Sea World Heritage
The Wadden Sea is the largest tidal flats system in the world, where natural processes proceed largely undisturbed. It extends along the coasts of Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands.
For its globally unique geological and ecological values the Wadden Sea is listed by UNESCO as World Heritage. Nowhere else in the world is there such a dynamic landscape with a multitude of habitats, shaped by wind and tides. Global biodiversity is reliant on the Wadden Sea.
In the framework of the Trilateral Wadden Sea Cooperation, Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands take on the responsibility of preserving this irreplaceable ecosystem for the benefit of present and future generations. | <urn:uuid:3024baff-339b-4aa8-a722-d3ec90d46aed> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://waddensea-worldheritage.org/?page=3&combine=&field_ccaip_year_value%5Bmin%5D=&field_ccaip_year_value%5Bmax%5D=&field_ccaip_implementation_value=All&field_ccaip_document_type_value=All&field_ccaip_area_value=All&order=field_ccaip_period&sort=desc | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.88322 | 139 | 3.046875 | 3 |
New & Noteworthy
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View maps of current and historical conditions
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Office of Hydrologic Research
Cooperative Water Program
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National Bridge Scour Project
Please contact Charles Berenbrock with questions.
National Bridge Scour Database
Summary of USGS Highway Programs (2004-Present)
Instrumentation for Real-Time Measurement of Scour at Bridges
- OSW Memos
SW 92.03 Guidelines for the Transmittal of Bridge-Scour
Information to Cooperators
SW 93.01 Summary of Documentation that Describes
SW 93.04 Correction to Office of Surface Water
Technical Memorandum No. 93.01
Distribution of "Channel Scour at Bridges in the United States",
by Mark N. Landers and David S. Mueller (Federal Highway
Administration Publication FHWA RD 95 184), and of "Bridge-Scour
Data Management System User's Manual," by Mark N. Landers,
David S. Mueller, and Gary R. Martin (U.S. Geological Survey
Open-File Report 95-754)
Distribution of Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4310,
Method for Rapid Estimation of Scour at Highway Bridges Based
on Limited Site Data, by Stephen R. Holnbeck and Charles Parrett
Summary of the Bridge Scour Assessment Work Group
Reconnaissance Type Bridge-Scour Projects
- USGS Training Courses
Basic Hydraulics Principles
Alluvial Channel Hydraulics and Sediment Transport
Surface Water Hydraulics Analyses
Sediment Data-Collection Techniques
- Other Training Courses
- Training Classes available with the Federal Highway Administration: Hydraulics
- BSDMS - Bridge Scour Data Management System
- FESWMS-2DH - Finite-Element Surface-Water Modeling System for 2-D
Flow in the Horizontal Plain
- WSPRO - A computer model for Water-Surface PROfile computations
- Other sources of bridge scour related software
- Federal Highway Administration Hydraulic Engineering Software
- University of Florida Center for Microcomputers in Transportation
- GKY & Associates, Inc.
- Recent USGS Authored Publications on Bridge Scour
- Crumrine, M.D., Lee, K.K., and Kittleson, R.L., 1996, Bridge-scour instrumentation and data for nine sites in
Oregon, 1991-1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-366, 19 p.
- Diehl, Timothy H., Potential Drift Accumulation
at Bridges: FHWA-RD-97-028
- Doheny, E.J., Helinsky, B.M., and McGregor, R.A., 1996, A technique for preliminary appraisal of potential and
observed scour as applied to state-maintained highway bridges in Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File
Report 95-135, 75 p.
- Hayes, D.C., 1996, Scour at bridge sites in Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources
Investigations Report 96-4089, 35 p.
- Hilmes, M.M., and Vaill, J.E., 1997, Estimates of bridge scour at two sites on the Virgin River, Southeastern Nevada,
using a sediment transport model and historical geomorphic data: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations
Report 97-4073, 72 p.
- Hopkins, M.S., and Robinson, B.A., 1997, Data base for assessment of streambed scour and channel instability at
selected bridges in Indiana, 1991-1995: U.S. Geological
Survey Open-File Report 97-419, 17 p.
- Jackson, K.S., 1996, Evaluation of Bridge-Scour
Data at Selected Sites on Ohio: U.S. Geological
Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report
97-4182, 96 p.
- Landers, M.N., and Mueller, D.S., 1996, Channel scour at bridges in the United States: Federal Highway Administration
- Landers, M.N., and Mueller, D.S., and Martin, G.R., 1996, Bridge-scour data management system users manual:
U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-754.
- Mueller, D.S., 1996, Scour at bridges detailed data collection during floods, Proceeding of the Sixth Federal
Interagency Sedimentation Conference, Las Vegas, Nev., p. IV-41 IV-48.
- Mueller, D.S. and Jones, J.S., 1997, Evaluation of field and laboratory research on scour at bridge piers in the
United States in Managing Water: Coping with Scarcity and Abundance Proceedings of Theme A, The 27th
Congress of the International Association of Hydraulic Research, American Society of Civil Engineers, August, p. 135-140.
- Mueller, D.S., and Landers, M.N., 1996, Laboratory evaluation of a conductivity probe for scour monitoring,
Proceeding of the North American Water and Environment Congress, ASCE
- Voelker, D.C., 1997, Application of the BRIdge Stream Tube Model for Alluvial River Simulations (BRI-STARS) at
Bridge 101-17-5096A, State Road 101 over the St. Joseph River at Saint Joe, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey
Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4137, 45 p.
- More USGS Authored Publications on Bridge Scour and Related Topics
- FHWA Hydraulic Engineering Publications Reference List
- Other References Related to Bridge Scour
- Summary of the Bridge Scour Assessment Work Group (May 1993)
- Other Links
- FHWA Bridge Division, Hydraulics Group
- ASCE Task Committee on Bridge Management for Scour Safety
- Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center
- National Cooperative Highway Research Program
- Transportation Research Information Services (TRIS) | <urn:uuid:567b93ca-075a-48bd-9dae-2ccb2bb1be58> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://water.usgs.gov/osw/techniques/bs/sed.bs.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.704799 | 1,391 | 2.515625 | 3 |
In this article, we will get to know about mattress recycling, the importance of mattress recycling, and the good way to recycle mattresses.
First I will like to let you know that your mattress can be easily recycled, All you need to do is simply locate the closet recycle mattress near me/you.
Did you know that about 15 to 16 million mattresses are being disposed of or discarded annually?
According to research, the textile industries are responsible for pollution globally, they now cause landfills to be quickly filled up with these discorded textiles.
Once the need has come for you to upgrade or replace your mattress, you can think of recycling them instead of just throwing them away at the landfills.
Most materials or items in the mattress can be used again if the bed is deconstructed and is no longer of important use.
Recently, many manufacturing industries are now figuring out how they can use old bed materials because most portions of a discarded mattress can still be reused especially if recycled.
For example, you can make a pillow out of the mattress, you can also make a cushion bed for renovating your mattress.
For instance, foams can be used as an insulating material or support for pillows and can be also used as a resting pad.
The coils and springs are also relevant for reuse as many manufacturing companies melt the springs and then make use of them for other useful purposes.
Also, fibres like cotton are used as fuel for burning or can be used in making towels.
You can see now that you don’t need to throw away a mattress because you can take a sustainable stop by going into a mattress recycling system or program.
This is a very good way to save keep the landfills from the unwanted dumps and also reduce pollution that happens as a result.
Your decision to recycle your mattress helps to save our environment or society from pollution.
Though some recycling yards may not agree to accept a complete mattress, you can as well break them down yourself just like if your bed has coils, they may even pay you a little amount more in exchange for that.
Mattress Recycling Guide
The following are how you can easily recycle your mattress;
1. You can check if your mattress is still under warranty or not.
2. Sell them off: Even if your mattress retailer does not provide the service for you, you can still sell them yourself, then you will have to check the state of your mattress if it’s ten years old and still in good condition. Then you might be able to resell it.
3. You as well revise it: I don’t think there’s a better way to recycle your mattress rather than to revise it. You can make so many new slots out of it.
4. Recycle it yourself: You can take your old mattress to the manufacturers at your own comfortable time, of which although they will not take the whole mattress but will just give you an amount of money for the metal that is present in the mattress.
5. You can also choose to donate your mattress to a homeless shelter or charity home if you don’t have an interest in selling the mattress.
Read Also: Cardboard Recycling Process – Complete Guide
Steps to Arrange Mattress for Recycling
Mattresses are made up of many layers, therefore the first thing to do when recycling a mattress (mattress recycling) is to cut the mattress, open and separate the layers.
Secondly, you organize the materials like foam, fibre, and some other soft materials which are then compressed.
Rather than following the traditional way of dumping mattresses, you can look for a sustainable way to save the old mattress.
You can as well give them to organizations that recycle mattresses using the proper mattress recycling processes.
The following are some steps on how to break down your mattress;
1. You carry the mattress outside
2. Remove the piping cord from the mattress edges
3. Remove the mattress sides and the top layer of the mattress
4. Then you remove the remaining bottom fabric pieces
5. Break down the metal springs. Some mattress springs are normally easy to break down.
6. You can then dispose or take them to mattress recycling facilities for recycling.
Read Also: The Five Stages of Small Business Growth
Note: If you are buying a replacement mattress that is already delivered, make sure you ask questions and know if the stores will haul away your old mattress for recycling.
Also if you want to recycle your mattress to clean out a property, look for a company that will take them away with some other items for recycling.
Below are some parts of the mattress that can be recycled
1. The steel springs
2. The wooden frame
3. The stuffing and fabric with bottoms.
All these can be recycled and reversed, another interesting part of it is that steel, in particular, is a great material for recycling mattresses.
It has up to about 300 to 550 steel coils but that is depending on the size of the old mattress you have because the higher the quality of the mattress the more coils it will have.
Based on this, it will be a great deal for you if you have a big-sized mattress and still refuse to recycle it.
In summary: When you recycle your mattress, you are not only helping yourself reduce wastes but also saving the earth from more wastes.
So many components that are found in a mattress can normally be recycled like foam, cotton, wood, and steel springs.
According to experts in the field, during the recycling process, each mattress is moved into a conveyor belt, where specially designed saws cut the soft materials both at the top and bottom to separate the foam and cotton fibre. Then the springs and the foams are recycled.
This is where I will be wrapping up our today’s discussion on the mattress recycling comprehensive guide.
For more questions and other related contributions, kindly use the comment box below for all your contributions.
You are also encouraged to share this article with your friends and loved ones you feel can benefit from this information as we cannot reach everyone at the same time. Thank you so much for sharing! | <urn:uuid:b36e9e4d-f5a0-44da-8b35-f974360e3bd2> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://wealthinwastes.com/mattress-recycling-process-comprehensive-guide/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.9416 | 1,279 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Art of the Inuit People: Western Gallery Small Sculpture Collection
Art by Inuit people
1800 BCE to contemporary 1960s
stone carvings with other natural materials
Location: Western Libraries, (Haggard 3)
The word Inuit means “the people.” In Inuktitut, the language of the Inuit people. Inuktitut is intrinsically tied to their oral tradition of recounting history and important stories. The traditional Inuit were a hunting-based semi-nomadic people organized into a number of regional tribal groups. Small groups and extended families often traveled together while pooling their resources and expertise to live in the Arctic (Hessel and Hessel 1998). The animals of the Arctic such as caribou, seals, polar bears, fish and birds provided the Inuit people with food, raw materials for tools and weapons, clothes and shelter, fuel, and transportation. The Inuit people occupied a large area that stretches over a million square acres. This land covers much of what is now Southern Canada as well as the arctic. The Artic is characterized by its cold weather and arid landscape. Despite the harsh environment, this area is home to more than 800 plant species, several hundred animal species, and a few dozen bird species (Crandall 2000).
Prehistoric Inuit Art
The Pre-Dorset Era: 1800 BCE to 800 BCE
Only ten Pre-Dorset artifacts have been discovered, so archaeologists know very little about this era of art (Hessel and Hessel 1998). Among the objects that have been classified as works of art are a polished bone object with cross-hatching, a tiny seal made of carved ivory, a number of objects with geometric patterns etched into them, and the fragments of three small masks that were sliced in half on purpose (Auger 2005). With the incorporation of elements from Alaskan and possibly other Native American cultures, the Pre-Dorset style of art eventually transitions into the art style of the Dorset era (Hessel and Hessel 1998).
The Dorset Era: 800 BCE to 1450 CE
Dorset carvings and other forms of art were made from bone, antler, ivory and occasionally wood and soapstone. Three-dimensional carvings, carvings done on objects such as tools, and the reflection of shamanism in this type of art are three facets of art from the Dorset era (Crandall 2000). In naturalistic and stylized forms, three-dimensional sculptures from Dorset sites depict both humans and animals. Naturalistic animal carvings are extremely detailed, while stylized animal carvings may combine many forms, such as portrayals of humans as bears and seals. Although bears and sea mammals have been discovered most frequently, Dorset carvings depicted almost every sort of animal found in the Arctic, even insects (Crandall 2000).
The Thule Era: 1000 CE to 1600 CE
Thule art typically has a more practical design and lacks the elaborate details and ornamentation found in Dorset art. On quite a few of their works of art, the Thule people etched lines, dots, patterns, and straightforward human figures (Crandall 2000). It has been discovered that knives and bow drills are decorated to show hunting and camp scenes. There are also engravings that have been found on pendants, thimble holders, men's knives, women's combs, harpoon heads, handles, and bow drills (Hessel and Hessel 1998).
Historic Inuit Art
The 1770s marked the start of the Historic Period, which lasted until the 1940s. Through interactions with whalers, traders, and missionaries, the Inuit were gradually introduced to Europeans at this time. These visitors began collecting Inuit artwork and artifacts around this period, with the preferred themes being classic scenes of Inuit life and culture in the Arctic (Hessel and Hessel 1998). The style and subject matter of the works that were being produced were significantly impacted by this. The Inuit responded to this need by making items specifically for trade with foreigners because they were understandably unwilling to part with or sell their own symbols of tradition and power. These items' style got more intricate and delicate because they were never intended to be transported from camp to camp every year. Although the substance of Historic Period art still mostly reflected traditional life and ideas, artists started to choose and display that content in an illustrated way to appeal to outside audiences. By the middle of the 1800s, the Inuit were primarily producing art for the "tourist" market (Auger 2005). Larger pieces were made and were given a base or stand, turning them into tabletop display objects instead of tiny pieces that could fit into the palm of your hand. The most popular products included cribbage boards, dice, games, models, and toys. As well, during this time, the first watercolor paintings and pencil sketches by Inuit peoples were created to be sold (Crandall 2000).
Contemporary Inuit Art
The Contemporary Period of Inuit art officially began when James Houston, a young European artist, first presented Inuit art to the Canadian Handicrafts Guild in Montreal in 1949, (Auger 2005). The guild urged him to go back up to the Arctic to buy additional Inuit artifacts, and they later funded an exhibition in Canada to showcase those carvings. The Canadian federal government recognized the potential advantages of promoting Inuit artwork as a means of fostering economic growth in the Canadian Arctic (Pupchek 2001). The 1950s and 1960s saw the emergence of Inuit-owned co-operatives in numerous Arctic villages, encouraged by Southern Canadian marketing activities. Inuit art would become a well-known Canadian contemporary art form that gained interest from around the world as a result of the marketing of Inuit art in Canada (Hessel and Hessel 1998).
During this time, there was such a tremendous demand for Inuit carvings that there simply wasn't enough of the customary carving material, ivory, to meet the demand. Soapstone carving took the role of ivory carving as the preferred medium because stone was more accessible and less expensive than ivory. As a result, the average carving size increased, which was supported by collectors. Ivory is only generally used to carve decorative elements like faces, tusks, or tools (Crandall 2000).
- Auger, Emily E. 2005. The Way of Inuit Art: Aesthetics and History in and beyond the Arctic. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland.
- Crandall, Richard C. 2000. Inuit Art: A History. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland.
- Hessel, Ingo, and Dieter Hessel. 1998. Inuit Art: An Introduction. New York: Harry N. Abrams.
- Pupchek, Leanne Stuart. 2001. “True North: Inuit Art and the Canadian Imagination.” American Review of Canadian Studies 31 (1–2): 191–208.
Research, writing, and exhibition installation conducted by Western Gallery intern Ashelyn Holm, 2023. | <urn:uuid:c04053d3-e01c-45d9-91ca-962ee3464817> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://westerngallery.wwu.edu/art-inuit-people-western-gallery-small-sculpture-collection | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.960207 | 1,471 | 3.953125 | 4 |
From the books we read to the websites we browse, the style of font used can significantly impact our perception and understanding of content. Fonts, or typefaces, are not just a practical choice for designers and writers; they are a form of artistic expression. In this article, we’ll delve into the fascinating world of font styles and explore the significance of choosing the right font for various purposes.
Serif Fonts for books, newspapers, and formal documents
Serif fonts are some of the most traditional and enduring typefaces. They are characterized by the small lines or strokes, known as “serifs,” that extend from the ends of each letter’s main strokes. Serif fonts are often associated with formality, tradition, and reliability. They are widely used in books, newspapers, and formal documents because of their readability and classic aesthetic.
Sans-serif Fonts: Modern and Clean
As the name suggests, sans serif fonts lack the decorative serifs found in serif fonts. They offer a more modern and minimalistic appearance. Sans-serif fonts are widely used in digital media, web design, and advertising because of their clean and contemporary look. They are also known for their legibility, especially in smaller sizes, making them a popular choice for digital screens.
Script Fonts: Elegance and Personalization
Script fonts mimic cursive handwriting and are often chosen for their elegance and personal touch. These fonts are commonly used for wedding invitations, greeting cards, and logos, where a sense of individuality and creativity is desired. However, using script fonts sparingly is essential, as they can be challenging to read in longer passages.
Display Fonts: Bold and Creative
Display fonts are a diverse category encompassing many unique and eye-catching styles. They are primarily used for headlines, logos, and creative design projects. The versatility of display fonts allows designers to experiment with different visual effects and convey a specific mood or theme.
Choosing the style of font that is right
Selecting the right style of font is a critical decision in design and communication. To make an informed choice, consider the following factors:
Purpose: Think about the context and purpose of your project. Is it a formal document, a playful advertisement, or an artistic piece? The purpose should guide your font selection.
Readability: Ensure that the chosen font is legible for the intended audience. For body text, prioritize readability over style; for headlines and branding, you can be more creative.
Consistency: Maintain visual consistency by using a limited number of fonts within a project. Mixing too many fonts can lead to a more cohesive design.
Emotion: Fonts can convey emotion and personality. Consider the feelings you want to evoke and choose a font that aligns with those emotions.
Font styles are a powerful design element that can shape how we perceive and engage with content. Whether designing a website, creating a logo, or writing a document, the choice of font style matters. Understanding the characteristics and purposes of different font styles will help you make informed decisions that enhance your projects’ visual impact and effectiveness. Typography is an art form in its own right, and mastering the art of fonts is a valuable skill for designers and communicators alike. | <urn:uuid:403c2cff-3af2-4982-987c-354f08d65f1f> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://whealthtips.info/exploring-the-intricate-style-of-font-world/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.91921 | 676 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Australia for its small population has produced a remarkable number of
Nobel Prize winners.
- Lawrence Bragg & William
Bragg, physicists received the Nobel Prize in 1915 for their work in
x-ray crystallography. They remain the only father and son team to be
awarded the prize,
and Lawrence who was aged 25 at the time is still the youngest recipient
of the Nobel Prize for science.
- Howard Florey received the
prize in 1945 along with Alexander Fleming and Ernest Chain (both
British) for their work on the medicinal properties of penicillin. It
was Florey who later turned penicillin into the practical drug which was
to save millions of lives. (See
also Who was the Inventor?)
- Macfarlane Burnet
received the prize in 1960 for his work on immunology.
- John Eccles received the
prize in 1963 along with Andrew Huxley and Alan Hodgkin (both British)
for their work on nerve cells.
- Bernard Katz - received the prize in 1970 for Physiology and
- Patrick White received the
prize in 1973 for literature.
- John Cornforth received the prize in 1975 for chemistry.
- John Harsanyi (Hungarian & Australian) who received the prize
in 1994 for his mathematical contributions to economics.
- Peter Doherty and Rolf
M. Zinkernagel (Swiss & Australian) who received the prize in 1996
for their work in immunology.
- Barry Marshall and
Robin Warren received the prize in 2005 for their discovery in 1982
of the Helicobacter pylori bacterium which causes stomach ulcers
- Elizabeth Blackburn
(dual Australian/American citizen) became Australia's first female Nobel
Prize winner for her work in chemistry and genetics in October 2009
sharing the prize with her US-based colleagues Carol Greider and Jack
- Brian Schmidt received
the prize in 2011 together with Adam Riess a and Saul Perlmutter (both
American) for their work in physics which showed that universe was
expanding at an accelerating rate.
Are they Australian?
We have used the
criteria as for our significant Australians in labelling people as
World class scientists often have to live and work where the research is
being conducted. Thus, while Sir John Cornforth was born and educated in
Australia (graduating from Sydney University despite his deafness) he did
most of his work in Britain. William & Lawrence Bragg did much of their work
in Britain, even though Lawrence was born in Adelaide and both worked there
for some time. Patrick White was sometimes scathing of his home country,
whereas Sir MacFarlane Burnett did most of his significant work in
Australia. Bernard Katz had been born in Germany but had long been a
naturalised Australian when he won the prize having served with the
Australian air force in WWII.
We have made two inclusions which some may see as stretching our
definition of 'Australian' too far. We have decided to include John
Harsanyi because, even though he did his initial study in Hungary and
his later work in USA, it was his postgraduate studies at Sydney University
that laid the groundwork for his change of direction from sociology to
economics in which he was to win his Nobel Prize. Brian Schmidt is a
joint US-Australian citizen and did his groundbreaking work in Canberra,
Australia. We have also included Rolf Zinkernagel since he enrolled
at the Australian National University at the age of 28 and received his PhD
from that institution in 1975 and he did collaborate in his Nobel Prize
winning research with Peter Doherty. We suggest you read the brief
autobiographies they wrote at the time of the award and decide for yourself
whether you would include them on a list of Australian Nobel Prize winners.
(For the autobiographies see
John Harsanyi and
Rolf M. Zinkernagel)
We have decided not to include on our list Aleksandr Prokhorov who
won the Nobel Prize in 1964 for Physics. Although he was Australian born, he
left Australia at the age of seven and did all his major work in Russia. We
therefore would describe him as Australian-born rather than Australian.
Similarly Robert Robinson who had been Professor of Organic Chemistry
at the University of Sydney during the 1910s and received a Nobel Prize in
1947, was born in the UK and did most of his work there so we we have not
included him on our list.
Regardless of where they were born, where they worked, or what main
nationality they would claim, they are all remarkable people and worthy of
Currently, Sir John Cornforth, Peter Doherty, Rolf Zinkernagel, Barry
Marshall, Robin Warren, Elizabeth Blackburn and Brian Schmidt are
Australia's only living Nobel Prize Winners.
A number of Australians have shared in Nobel Prizes that have been
presented to groups or organisations. For instance in 2007 the Nobel Peace
Prize was awarded to the Intergovernmental Panel on on Climate Change
(IPCC). Thus Professor Neville Nichols as a lead author together with a
number of other Australian scientists involved in the work shared in the
An Australian 'mentioned in despatches' at the Nobel Prize ceremonies was
F. M. Alexander who invented
'The Alexander Technique'. When accepting his Nobel Prize for Physiology and
Medicine in 1973, Professor Nikolaas Tinbergen said that Alexander's
"story of perceptiveness, of intelligence, and of persistence, shown by a
man without medical training, is one of the true epics of medical research
In addition we should mention another Nobel Prize Winner living in
Australia - John M. Coetzee. Coetzee was born in South Africa and won
the Nobel Prize for literature in 2003. He had lived in the UK and USA
before choosing to settle in Adelaide in 2002. He became an Australian
citizen in 2006.
Some forthcoming events related to Australian Nobel Prize | <urn:uuid:a31285e0-300c-42f7-99f6-c6d404496b18> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://whitehat.com.au/australia/people/australian-nobel-prize-winners.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.97348 | 1,263 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Self-balancing reaction wheel toy
Santeri Hurnanen, Eero Moisio, Oskari Koskinen
The goal of this project is to build a device that can balance itself using reaction wheels. The device will look like a miniature bicycle and it will keep itself actively balanced.
An additional goal is to incorporate a motor driving one of the wheels and a servo motor that can steer the bicycle. The steering and drive of the bicycle are intended to be remotely controlled.
The idea of the project is to utilize Newton's second law to balance the object. When our object starts to tilt away from its equilibrium point, a flywheel perpendicular to that axis is accelerated in the so-called tipping direction. As the engine accelerates the flywheel, it generates a counter-torque in the opposite direction of the tilt. Since the engine is attached to the object, with properly adjusted counter-torque, the object can maintain stability.
First step was to get data from sensor, which will be used to control the motor
To demonstrate and practice the principle of balancing the object, we have designed and 3D-printed a prototype.
The counter-torque created by the motor is demonstrated in the video. We are using a DC motor and an H-bridge for this purpose.
List of components:
- esp32 development board
- 12V DC-motor
Adafruit LSM6DSOX + LIS3MDL - Precision 9 DoF IMU.
- SparkFun Motor Driver - Dual TB6612FNG (1A)
- 12V powersupply
- Breadboard and cables
In short, microcontroller reads data from the IMU and then gives pwm signal to h-bridge and that controls the motors (white and yellow cable from red board).
In the code there is PID-controller whose values can be changed to suit your setup.
Footage of the project
Reaction wheel is 3D printed and M3 bolts are threaded in to the wheel to give it more torque. Reaction wheel is attached to the DC-motor with glue and heat. Body is made from thin plywood and bolt and nuts acts as bearing.
Challenges and outcome
As you can see the project didn't work as it should have. Reaction wheel didn't have enough torque to pull the body to the center. With correct mechanical design project could have been a major success. Code of the project worked well and motor reacted to angular changes, but not with enough force. | <urn:uuid:86c77769-d97b-4041-8551-67db0a7063c2> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://wiki.aalto.fi/display/MEX/Self-balancing+reaction+wheel+toy | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.931069 | 521 | 3.125 | 3 |
Wild cards are a means for matching multiple parts of an input string. Wild cards are also known as globs. A wild card can often be specified as part of command input for commands that act on attributes. For example, to examine yourself for all attributes containing the term site, you can use the command: examine me/*site*.
The asterisk character (*) matches any number of characters in the input string. The question mark (?) character matches only a single character on the input line. For example, examine me/v? would match any two letter attribute stored on my player object such as VA, VB, etc.
More complex and flexible matching can be achieved through the use of regular expressions. | <urn:uuid:f2b5bb13-98d5-44ef-a566-275e5e47833b> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://wiki.tinymux.org/index.php/Wildcard | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.92209 | 144 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Gum is chewed for a variety of purposes. For instance, it is believed that chewing gum may increase saliva production, clean teeth, aid digestion, reduce stress, and elevate mood.
Gum may not be a miraculous cure, but there are some intriguing advantages to chewing it.
Let’s explore these distinct but remarkable benefits of chewing gum.
Benefits Of Chewing Gum
Chewing gum that is sugar-free is an interesting tactic to munch without adding extra calories. The following are a few of the benefits of chewing gum-
Improves Oral Health And Prevents Cavities
Gum is healthy for your teeth, which is perhaps the only aspect of chewing gum that most people are aware of.
Particularly sugar-free gum is recognized for its ability to prevent tooth decay; its benefits are comparable to those of fluoridated mouthwash and toothpaste.
After a meal, chewing on sugarless gum for just 20 minutes helps prevent gingivitis and tooth decay.
In essence, it prevents tooth decay by boosting saliva production in the mouth and clearing acids and food residue from the teeth.
Saliva provides the enamel with calcium and phosphate to strengthen it, which further aids in maintaining its strength.
This indicates that the teeth are more resistant to cavities and decay.
Some people believe the ancient folktales about swallowing gum, which is why chewing gum occasionally gets a bad rap.
The good news is that there are several great digestive health benefits of chewing gum. Gum generally doesn’t block your intestines or stay in your system for a very long time.
Although chewing gum doesn’t directly affect digestion, doing so before a meal helps with digestion.
This occurs because chewing stimulates the production of saliva and digestive acids in the mouth and stomach, effectively preparing the body for a meal.
Therefore, keeping the stomach ready, not only makes swallowing food easier but also enhances digestion.
Gum chewing helps to further stimulate the digestive process, which not only keeps the mouth healthy but also helps prevent indigestion.
Reduce Acid Buildup
Do you often have heartburn? After meals, chew a stick of gum to reduce the amount of acid that builds up in your esophagus and reduce heartburn and acid reflux symptoms.
Saliva is produced more frequently when you chew gum, and it becomes more alkaline so that it can counteract the acid. It may also prevent acid reflux after meals.
Control Your Appetite
Chewing gum can aid with appetite control and promote healthier eating habits. Additionally, chewing gum helps you burn a few additional calories.
Moreover, sugar-free chewing gums could help in reducing appetite when taken between meals as it could develop the feeling of fullness making you eat lesser.
Eliminates Ear Blocks
Many people find flying to be uncomfortable because the pressurized cabin might irritate and hurt their ears or obstruct their ears.
A pack of gum is a fantastic approach to alleviate discomfort.
Chewing a stick of gum will naturally aid in the air pressure in the ear equalizing with the outside pressure rather than squeezing your nose and attempting to blow your ears clear.
After a shower or swim, it is also a helpful cure to remove any water that becomes clogged in the ears.
The motion of chewing forces the liquids out of the ear and helps to empty the sinus cavities.
Freshens Breath And Prevents Dry Mouth
Lack of salivary flow and the resulting growth of too many germs are two factors that contribute to bad breath.
Gum chewing increases saliva production, kills harmful bacteria, and keeps your mouth fresh all day. It may also prevent the problem of dry mouth.
All you need to keep your mouth feeling fresh throughout the day is a piece of sugar-free gum with a mint flavor.
Cleaning Up Meal Leftovers
Gum chewing can encourage the elimination of food residue that remains after eating.
Increased mastication and salivation help to wash away debris, although removal is also partially caused by the direct attachment of debris to the gum.
Removing debris as soon as possible after food ingestion is important.
It may be because it frequently contains fermentable carbohydrates, which bacteria use to make acids that absorb calcium and phosphate from the enamel minutes after consumption.
Remineralization Of Enamel
Saliva’s high calcium and phosphate content may help to remineralize enamel and stop it from demineralizing.
Regular sugar-free gum chewing increases saliva production, which raises calcium and phosphate levels in the oral cavity.
Regular sugar-free gum chewing several times a day, together with good oral hygiene practices, can reduce the prevalence of caries, especially after meals.
Although chewing gum has been linked to reducing tension and anxiety, it may also help in improving memory and increases blood flow to the brain.
Gum chewing may boost short-term memory and increase blood flow to the brain.
Cognitive function and overall test performance are greatly improved when munching on the gum.
The observed rise in heart rate and blood flow is ultimately thought to be the source of this beneficial mental boost.
The scientific findings unquestionably supported this:
The hippocampus, a region crucial for focus and reaction times, had a considerable rise in brain activity, and oxygen flow to the brain was boosted by up to 40%.
Exam performance may be enhanced by chewing gum while studying, maybe due to the effects of gum on attentiveness.
Assists With Weight Loss
If you’re suffering from lunchtime cravings, choosing some gum instead of that bag of chips may help you stick to your weight-loss plan.
Not only does this reduce your calorie intake, but over time the gum will start to function as a “signal” that you are no longer hungry.
This successfully suppresses your appetite and encourages you to eat less.
The people who choose a stick of gum instead of a snack in between meals will reap the most benefits.
It has been shown that mindless nibbling aids in appetite suppression.
Are you prone to motion or morning sickness? Your holy grail may very well be herbal gums.
The ginger components and increased salivation help with digestion and irritation of the stomach.
Leading anti-nausea medications may not be as helpful as chewing a piece of gum.
After major colon surgery, colorectal surgeons routinely advise patients to chew gum to assist stimulate their digestive systems.
Improves Alertness And Reduces Anxiety
You might want to think about chewing on a stick of gum if you have an upcoming task that demands laser focus.
Gum chewing is regarded as one of the most effective ways to raise alterity and attentiveness.
This might be because chewing causes the blood flow to the brain to rise.
Gum may be able to aid you if you frequently experience tension and anxiety.
According to this study, chewing gum lowers stress and anxiety levels but it shouldn’t be consumed in the long term for students.
Gain Mental Strength
Would you believe that chewing gum also improves your brainpower? Many people find it to be true.
Gum chewing has a variety of negative effects on mental health. Get mentally involved.
When you’re feeling drowsy in the afternoon, do you rush to get a cup of coffee or tea? Grab a stick of gum instead, maybe.
Chewing gum not only makes you more alert but also facilitates cognitive function by promoting blood flow to the brain.
Due to increased blood flow and oxygen to the brain, chewing gum also enhances memory and cognitive function.
The advantages of long-term stress reduction chewing suggest that it can be a straightforward, affordable approach to lowering stress and enhancing the quality of life and well-being.
Chewing gum can be the easy solution you’re looking for if you have trouble staying focused at work.
The prefrontal cortex is involved in the neural processes that underlie the stress-relieving effects of chewing gum.
These processes alter the activity of the autonomic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
The rostral medial prefrontal cortex’s increased glucose metabolism has been linked to a decrease in salivary cortisol, which implies that feeding the appropriate brain regions with glucose may lessen stress.
Gum chewing may have an impact on stress through its effects on neurotransmission.
Accountability For Health
While it has been discovered that supermarket shopping helps you put less junk in your cart.
It may be simpler to maintain a nutritious diet throughout the week as a result. Additionally, chewing gum will prevent you from consuming pointless calories as you prepare dinner.
Thus, Gum chewing has been shown to increase alertness, lessen anxiety, and lower stress and salivary cortisol levels.
When you need a little aid with memory improvement, stress reduction, or adhering to your diet, try chewing gum.
Though it should be kept in mind that chewing gum comes with benefits when taken in moderation and when consumed in excess, it could pose problems in the long run.
Working4Health prefers using primary and verified references. We have strict sourcing guidelines and our primary references include peer-reviewed research, academic, and medical institution studies.
- Valeria CC Marinho, Lee-Yee Chong, Helen V Worthington, et al. Fluoride mouthrinses for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Jul; 2016(7): CD002284. Published online 2016 Jul 29. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002284.pub2
- Tooth decay. Available from https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/Tooth-decay.
- Marília Afonso Rabelo BUZALAF, Angélicas Reis HANNAS, and Melissa Thiemi KATO. Saliva and dental erosion. J Appl Oral Sci. 2012 Sep-Oct; 20(5): 493–502.doi: 10.1590/S1678-77572012000500001
- Tooth Decay. Available from https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/tooth-decay
- Your Digestive System & How it Works. Available from https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health information/digestive-diseases/digestive-system-how-it-works
- GERD. Available from https://medlineplus.gov/gerd.html
- Catiele Antunes; Abdul Aleem; Sean A. Curtis. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Last Update: July 4, 2022. Available from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441938/
- Marion M Hetherington, Martin F Regan. Effects of chewing gum on short-term appetite regulation in moderately restrained eaters. Appetite. 2011 Oct;57(2):475-82. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2011.06.008. Epub 2011 Jun 28. Available from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21718732/
- Dry mouth. Available from https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/dry-mouth
- Stefan W. Wessel, Henny C. van der Mei, David Morando, et al. Quantification and Qualification of Bacteria Trapped in Chewed Gum. PLoS One. 2015; 10(1): e0117191. Published online 2015 Jan 20. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117191
- Amr Bugshan and Imran Farooq. The role of salivary contents and modern technologies in the remineralization of dental enamel: a narrative review. Version 3. F1000Res. 2020; 9: 171. Published online 2021 Jun 15. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.22499.3
- Huayue Chen, Mitsuo Iinuma, Minoru Onozuka. Chewing Maintains Hippocampus-Dependent Cognitive Function. Int J Med Sci. 2015; 12(6): 502–509. Published online 2015 Jun 9. doi: 10.7150/ijms.11911
- Iñaki Lete1 and José Allué. The Effectiveness of Ginger in the Prevention of Nausea and Vomiting during Pregnancy and Chemotherapy. Integr Med Insights. 2016; 11: 11–17. Published online 2016 Mar 31. doi: 10.4137/IMI.S36273
- Şengül Yaman-Sözbir, Sultan Ayaz-Alkaya , Burcu Bayrak-Kahraman. Effect of chewing gum on stress, anxiety, depression, self-focused attention, and academic success: A randomized controlled study. Randomized Controlled Trial Stress Health. 2019 Oct;35(4):441-446. doi: 10.1002/smi.2872. Epub 2019 Jun 14. Available from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31125164/
- Andrew P. Allen and Andrew P. Smith. Chewing Gum: Cognitive Performance, Mood, Well-Being, and Associated Physiology. Biomed Res Int. 2015; 2015: 654806. Published online 2015 May 17. doi: 10.1155/2015/654806
- Andrew P. Smith. Chewing gum and stress reduction. J Clin Transl Res. 2016 Jun 20; 2(2): 52–54. Published online 2016 Apr 24.
- Simone Kern, Terrence R. Oakes, Charles K. Stone, et al. Glucose metabolic changes in the prefrontal cortex are associated with HPA axis response to a psychosocial stressor. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2008 May; 33(4): 517–529.Published online 2008 Mar 11. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.01.010
- About the Author
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Otella has an experience of around eight years of writing about health and nutrition-related topics. She is a full-time mother and a housewife, and the time she has left after doing her mother and household duties is spent writing for Working for Health as a full-time writer. Her life goal is to raise both her boys into a gentleman, and at the same time, she wants to educate people on how to keep themselves fit by tweaking their daily diet. | <urn:uuid:83599542-1247-4416-999d-77e2fda7e889> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://working4health.org/general/benefits-of-chewing-gum/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.900223 | 3,072 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Data is read into the World Flora Online Portal in Darwin Core Archive format, a zip-file that follows a format developed by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Guidelines for submitting both descriptive and taxonomic data can be found at http://about.worldfloraonline.org/documents
Content data (descriptions, images, distributions, etc.) need to be linked to a name known to the portal. For the portal to recognize a name, it needs to use a WFO identifier (WFOID). All plant names are assigned WFOIDs by the WFO Consortium. For example, the WFOID for Solanum tuberosum L. is wfo-0001031908. A WFOID must be used in the taxonID column in the core Taxon CSV file of the Darwin Core Archive. Note: The term taxonID is a Darwin Core term used to identify a name, not a taxonomic concept.
Any content data is provided to WFO by using the Darwin Core Archive Descriptions extension, as defined by GBIF. Please refer to the WFO Content Data Contributors Guide which can be found at http://about.worldfloraonline.org/documents.
A taxonomic resource file updates or extends the World Flora Online taxonomic backbone and must also be provided in Darwin Core Archive format. The guidelines for submitting taxonomic backbone data are provided in the WFO Taxonomic Backbone Data Contributors Guide, which can be found at http://about.worldfloraonline.org/documents. Like for descriptive data, each name must have a WFOID assigned by the WFO Consortium.
Please contact WFO if you are interested to provide updates for a plant group.
The standardisation of plant names is a critical step in various fields of biology, including biodiversity, biogeography, and vegetation research. The WorldFlora R package (Kindt 2020) matches lists of plant names using the static copy of the World Flora Online (WFO) taxonomic backbone available here.
WorldFlora offers a straightforward pipeline for semi‐automatic plant name checking. For the four test data sets (Kindt 2020), the success rate of credible name matches ranged from 94.7% to 99.9%. Package RcmdrPlugin.WorldFlora provides a graphical user interface for WorldFlora as documented in this manual.
Kindt, R. 2020. WorldFlora: An R package for exact and fuzzy matching of plant names against the World Flora Online taxonomic backbone data. Applications in Plant Sciences 8( 9): e11388.https://doi.org/10.1002/aps3.11388[Open Access] | <urn:uuid:865b3ba2-b387-451c-8c46-e56bf5834c3f> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://worldfloraonline.org/contribute;jsessionid=E8827ABDF68AD351E3AD59719FA9AF2D | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.80468 | 562 | 2.796875 | 3 |
The role of internships and experiential learning in closing the skills gap
Explore experiential learning's impact on education, addressing the skills gap. Learn about internships, specialized and human skills, and innovative programs like The LEGO Group's. Discover personalized skill development with 1Mentor's AI guidance, shaping a future of tailored education.
What is experiential learning?
Experiential learning is an education theory on how humans learn best. It has been continually gaining popularity since its development in the 1970s, and for a good reason. The experiential learning process focuses on four phases; experiencing, reflecting, thinking, and acting, which in turn, leads to further experiencing. This learning model is beneficial because students can gain knowledge and practical skills simultaneously. The skills gap in today’s job market prevents recent graduates from meeting entry-level job requirements. This clearly indicates that higher education institutions aren’t focusing on teaching skills enough.
Experiential learning in higher education
As a student, it’s important to outsource your learning experiences and not rely solely on the academic curriculum. A study shows that graduates from International Development Studies in Canada perceived experiential learning as beneficial in developing new skill sets and networking with potential employers. A form of experiential education already being implemented and positively impacting students’ preparation for building career paths, are internships. Learning about your field from a book can only take you so far in any given profession. Real-world experience is where students put into practice everything they have learned in class. While it’s possible to wait until your first full-time job to do so, internships and experiential learning are by far better options for students. They provide an environment where mistakes are permitted and even encouraged. They are also more lenient and flexible with students because internships allow students to test themselves in their field of interest. As well as prepare them for when the stakes are higher.
Internships are also one of the best ways to tackle the skills gap problem current students and recent graduates face. Employers struggle to find applicants with the right mix of skills, even amongst those with higher education degrees. As a student, you can stand out by finding opportunities to develop skills that can’t be learned in a classroom. When we talk about the right combination of skills, we talk about specialized and human skills. The specialized skills each industry demands vary, but human skills generally include cognitive, social, creative, and emotional skills that help people perform at every level. No matter what career path you choose, experiential learning in your chosen field will help you gain specialized skills and fine-tune human skills.
Recommendations for students
Colleges and university students looking to improve their skills have several options.
- Internships - most schools have offices dedicated to helping students find the right internship. Use the resources you have at hand.
- Work-study opportunities - this is a great way to complement your academic studies because employers involved in work-study programs don’t expect long-term commitments.
- Complementary courses - there are many online courses that can help you specialize in what you want to do. If you are unsure what courses to take, check out 1Mentor, where you get personalized recommendations to help you gain the necessary skills to build your career path.
The LEGO Group and the Lego Foundation are implementing programs designed for children based on experiential learning. These programs aim to close the skills gap through experiential learning. Learning through play helps children develop essential skills currently needed across all industries. These types of initiatives are helping prepare children for an uncertain future. However, there are also options for young adults either getting ready to enter the workforce or already trying to do so. At 1Mentor, students can identify the skills they need to gain to get hired. It is almost impossible for a single person to keep up with the industry’s ever-changing demands; however, AI technology can make it possible for students to identify skills, knowledge, and tools that will fully prepare them. | <urn:uuid:95f8d7f5-950f-4230-8c78-7408ff09b2e1> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.1mentor.io/blog-posts-1mentor/role-internships-experiential-learning-closing-skills-gap | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.955683 | 837 | 3.3125 | 3 |
C.V. Joints & Driveshafts
Your vehicle’s axle, CV joint, and driveshaft components are integral to the performance and drivability of your vehicle. The driveshaft is a steel or aluminum cylindrical component that connects the transmission to the rear differential. The driveshaft connects to the transmission through the CV joints, which are responsible for transferring the torque from the transmission to the drive wheels at a constant speed. Front wheel drive vehicles use CV joints on the front axles. CV joints allow the axle to bend and change while accommodating the bounce of the wheels. The axle bears the weight of the vehicle while also being strong enough to sustain the forces from braking and accelerating. Over time and through normal use, your vehicle’s axle, CV joint, and driveshaft components may require maintenance or replacement services.
There are signs to look for when determining when to schedule an inspection of your vehicle’s front axle, rear axle, CV joints, and driveshaft components. Clunking or clicking noises are signs that a CV joint needs replacement. Vibrations during acceleration may indicate a damaged driveshaft, though they may also point to an axle issue depending on the layout of your vehicle. Turning and steering issues may also arise out of a problem with the driveshaft. CV joints can go bad when the grease leaks out of a damaged CV boot. There are various determinants for how quickly your vehicle’s axle, CV joint, and driveshaft components will degrade over time. If you would like to learn more about the intervals between repairs for front wheel drive axles, main driveshafts, CV joints, U-joints, yokes, and other axle assembly components, then contact us today.
The CV axle is a stabilizing drive axle located between the drive wheels. Its role is to bear vehicle weight while working. CV axles were once primarily used on front-wheel drive vehicles. Today, CV axles are common on both front-wheel and rear-wheel. CV joints connect the transmission to the wheels and are an important part of your vehicle’s drive axles. Each drive axle has two CV joints. Your vehicle’s CV joints connect to the drive axles, which connect the transmission to the wheels.
The driveshaft, which is located between your vehicle’s differentials, is responsible for transferring torque and rotation. Universal joints, often referred to as u-joints, are flexible couplings that serve an important role on your vehicle. Driveshaft yokes are located on the ends of the driveshaft. One yoke connects the driveshaft to the rear of the vehicle. | <urn:uuid:e2c66dfb-9006-445d-afd4-0947dc2e7c61> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.a1auto607.com/joints-driveshafts | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.966421 | 557 | 2.671875 | 3 |
In Montana, the 49th parallel marks a 545-mile-long line along which the state rises to meet three Canadian provinces. This International Boundary, commonly referred to as the border, distinguishes two nations and was born of negotiations that helped end the American Revolutionary War.
But to members of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes and the Blackfeet Nation, among others, the U.S.-Canada border is an arbitrary line demarcating ancestral lands, separating families and undermining tribal sovereignty.
In the most trifling circumstances, the border poses an annoyance to tribal members who regularly travel between Canada and the United States for family visits, council meetings or cultural and religious ceremonies. However, in other instances, either due to a lack of cultural awareness or a misunderstanding by officials with Customs and Border Protection, tribal members have been deeply offended or had their travel plans derailed.
Too many tribal members share horror stories of family members who are prohibited from crossing the border.
Too many tribal members share horror stories of family members who are prohibited from crossing the border because they do not have a passport (they are not required to possess one) and of religious or cultural items that are unknowingly desecrated by Customs personnel, such as eagle feathers, sweetgrass or sacred medicine bundles.
“A lot of law enforcement and border patrol are ignorant about our culture and tradition in general,” said Vernon Finley of the Kootenai Culture Committee. “They don’t understand that as a tribe who lives along the border, we are allowed to move fluidly throughout our territory. We always have been. And they don’t understand the significance of our religious objects.”
Since the 1783 Treaty of Paris established the boundary between Canada and the United States, many indigenous North American tribes have become a people divided. In Montana, populations of Kootenai and Blackfeet straddle the international border, with communities dispersed on either side of the boundary.
Tribes are divided among two countries
There are, for example, seven bands of Kootenai spanning international and state borders – five in southeastern British Columbia, one in northwestern Montana and one in northern Idaho – but the members all share the same tribal council. The Blackfeet Nation is divided into four tribes, one in northern Montana and three just across the border, in southern Alberta.
But as laid out in Article III of the 1794 Jay Treaty, American Indians may travel freely across the international boundary for employment, study, religion, commerce or immigration.
“We cross all year long for all kinds of reasons,” said Laurence Kenmille, records research manager at the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes enrollment department. “We go there for the tribal council when the seven bands get together. We have language-sharing events and cultural meetings. The travel is constant.”
Travel became more restrictive for everyone after the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11, 2001
Travel became more restrictive for everyone after the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11, 2001, and the International Boundary, commonly considered the “world’s longest undefended border,” was no exception. Congress passed the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative, which restricted the list of documents acceptable for entering the United States. And although the list of acceptable documents included tribal identification cards, the revision has led to escalating conflicts over their legitimacy.
In the past year, those conflicts have prompted several meetings between CSKT tribal officials and representatives from Customs and Border Protection, and have led to a series of discussions about developing an enhanced form of the existing tribal identification cards, as well as making cultural awareness and sensitivity training mandatory for border security personnel.
Proposed tribal cards would be microchipped with personal information
As proposed, the new identification cards would use radio frequency identification microchips similar to what was proposed under the REAL ID Act. And while there is no argument about the efficiency of the tags for border crossing, the data fields contained within have raised concern about privacy and security.
Lynn Shozda, who works as the Customs public affairs liaison and agriculture specialist at the Sweetgrass port of entry, assured tribal members attending a recent meeting that the enhanced identification cards would contain a narrow range of personal information, limited to a photo, name, date of birth and country of citizenship.
“There would be a small amount of data encased in this card,” she said. “We hope that puts to rest some of the unease about privacy.”
Kenmille has researched the technology thoroughly and is instrumental in the ongoing dialogue. He said an enhanced identification card is acceptable, as long as privacy concerns are met and the costs associated with upgrading the current system are not exorbitant.
He would like for the tribal government to create the cards “in-house,” and pointed to the success of other tribes that have adopted the system as evidence that it can work. Currently, five tribes have shifted to the enhanced identification cards, including the Kootenai of Idaho.
Until the CSKT implements the program, however, Kenmille hopes to see a more uniform understanding of the rights of Native Americans while crossing the border.
Shozda said valid tribal identification cards are still acceptable, and that efforts to educate border security officers at all ports of entry are being made.
Cultural insensitivity and lack of awareness by customs agents is pervasive.
Kenmille said the issue of cultural insensitivity and lack of awareness is just as pervasive, and looks forward to seeing what changes can be made to the Customs training protocol.
“Border crossing has always been a problem,” Kenmille said. “We have individuals who cross the border with religious items and there is no recognition by the border patrol that these are sacred objects. They desecrate them, either by handling them or forcing individuals to open up their medicine bundles. They need to be educated.”
Sunshine Nicholson is a member of the Kamloops Indian Band in British Columbia, and is married to a Gros Ventre tribal member from the Fort Belknap Reservation. A third-year law student at the University of Montana, she has lived in Montana since 2006, has a Canadian passport and a U.S. Social Security card. She and her husband regularly travel back and forth across the border, and both have experienced problems she said never should have arisen.
“It’s annoying because depending on which port of entry you go through and who stops you, there is always different treatment,” Nicholson said. Although she frequently crosses without incident, she described one frustrating incident when a border patrol officer insisted that a green card was required for her to re-enter the United States.
“Obviously that wasn’t true, but it was insulting,” she said. “As a law student you try to understand these things. You think about your rights. I was able to explain why I didn’t need a green card, but then you think of all the people who can’t articulate their rights, like maybe a Kootenai elder who doesn’t know the law or isn’t accustomed to defending his rights. You have to feel for them.”
Nicholson also has friends and relatives who routinely cross the border to perform in powwows and religious ceremonies, but who will no longer travel with their authentic feathers and regalia because they fear the sacred items will be confiscated.
“It is a reality that a lot of people face right now, and it’s degrading because some of these objects are so sacred that people don’t even discuss them,” she said. “And then at the border someone with no grasp of the cultural importance starts thumbing through them. I think some sort of cultural competency training would help.”
Shozda said she and the agency have taken those concerns seriously and will move forward with regular cultural sensitivity training at Montana’s ports of entry.
Better recognition of rights of Native Americans is needed along entire International Boundary
Kenmille said he hopes to see better recognition of the rights of Native Americans across the entire International Boundary.
“This doesn’t just affect the Kootenai,” Kenmille said. “It’s tribes all along the 49th parallel and up the St. Lawrence River. We need to be able to pass through our ancestral lands freely.”
Reporter Tristan Scott can be reached at (406) 730-1067 or at [email protected]. | <urn:uuid:c55cfe88-5391-4095-8eaf-426df56893f7> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.aaanativearts.com/indian-tribes-us-canadian-border | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.960497 | 1,780 | 3.21875 | 3 |
Types of Paper Crafts
- Hand fan
- Paper beads and paper mat
- Masks and hat
Table of Contents
Uses of Paper Crafts
Paper crafts are beautiful objects that can be used in the following ways:
- They are used for decorating our rooms during festive seasons.
- They are used for making toys.
- They are used for making greeting cards.
- They are used for making chains, bangles, and rings.
- They are used for making boxes like cartons. Cartons are used to put things at home.
How to make a paper fan
Follow the steps below to make your own fan.
Step 1 – Get an A4 size paper.
Step 2 – Draw lines at regular intervals on the paper.
Step 3 – Fold along the drawn lines in zigzag form.
Step 4 – Bring the centre of the folded paper together.
Step 5 – Fold the two sides together.
Step 6 – Use a glue to join the two edges together.
Step 7 – Tie a ribbon to the bottom of the paper where it is folded
Step I: Teacher revises the previous topic
Step II: Teacher introduces the new topic “Paper craft making and decorations”
Step III: Teacher states types of paper crafts
Step IV: Teacher explains the uses of paper craft
Step V: Pupils contribute and ask questions
- List three types of paper craft
- Write two uses of paper craft
Make a paper chain and bangles. Get all the materials you need before you start. | <urn:uuid:f0933635-626a-4577-b8db-3beca3e5a187> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.acadlly.com/paper-craft-making-and-decoration/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.885066 | 324 | 3.5 | 4 |
Montserrat (UK) Nicknames and Country Symbols
Overview of Montserrat (UK)
According to thesciencetutor.org, Montserrat is a Caribbean island located in the Lesser Antilles, a group of islands that form part of the West Indies. It is an overseas territory of the United Kingdom and is known for its lush tropical vegetation and stunning beaches. The island is home to a population of around 5,000 people, most of whom are of African descent.
The terrain on Montserrat consists mostly of steep hills and rugged mountains, with the highest point being Mount Liamuiga at 1125 meters. The island’s climate is tropical with temperatures ranging between 24-30 degrees Celsius all year round.
Montserrat’s economy relies heavily on tourism and off-shore banking, as well as agriculture and fishing. The main agricultural products grown on the island include bananas, coconuts, sweet potatoes, and plantains. Fishing is also popular in Montserrat’s waters with many species such as snappers, mackerels, tunas and groupers being caught by local fishermen.
The culture on Montserrat is a mixture of African traditions brought over by slaves during colonial times combined with British influence from its time under British rule. This has resulted in an interesting mix of cultures that has given rise to unique festivals such as Carnival which takes place annually in July or August each year.
Montserrat also has its own national anthem – “Oh Beautiful Montserrat” – which celebrates the beauty and spirit of this Caribbean paradise! Additionally, the island has its own currency called the East Caribbean Dollar (EC$) which can be used for transactions within Montserrat or exchanged for other currencies when travelling abroad.
Overall, Montserrat is a beautiful Caribbean paradise that offers visitors stunning beaches and lush vegetation as well as fascinating culture and history – making it an ideal destination for those looking to experience something truly unique!
Nickname of Montserrat (UK)
Montserrat is known by many nicknames, including the Emerald Isle of the Caribbean, the Caribbean’s Little Secret, and the Unspoiled Queen. All of these nicknames speak to its stunning beauty and rich culture.
The Emerald Isle of the Caribbean nickname is a reference to Montserrat’s lush green hills, which are blanketed in tropical vegetation. The nickname refers to how similar Montserrat looks to Ireland’s famous countryside. This nickname also speaks to Montserrat’s strong ties with British culture, which can be seen in everything from its food and music to its architecture and government.
The Caribbean’s Little Secret alludes to how this island nation has been able to remain relatively unknown despite being a part of the United Kingdom for centuries. It also speaks to how off-the-beaten-path Montserrat is, as it has managed to stay away from much of the commercial development that has taken place on many other Caribbean islands.
Finally, The Unspoiled Queen speaks directly to Montserrat’s unspoiled beauty and pristine environment. Despite being a small island surrounded by larger and more developed nations, Montserrat remains largely untouched by industry and tourism – allowing visitors who come here an opportunity to experience some of nature’s most beautiful gifts in all their glory!
No matter what nickname you use for Montserrat, it is clear that this little island nation is truly one of a kind – offering visitors an unparalleled experience that cannot be found anywhere else!
Country Flag of Montserrat (UK)
The official flag of Montserrat is a blue ensign with the Union Jack in the canton and a badge featuring an image of a volcano in the fly. The badge is surrounded by ten five-pointed stars that represent the ten parishes of Montserrat. The blue background of the flag symbolizes the sea, while the Union Jack pays homage to Britain’s role in governing Montserrat. The volcano on the badge is symbolic of Soufrière Hills, which erupted in 1995 and caused significant damage to much of Montserrat’s infrastructure. The stars around it are a reminder of how resilient and strong the people of Montserrat have been throughout this difficult period.
The design for this flag was chosen following an open competition in 1999, which was won by local artist Kenneth Brown. His design was selected from over 90 submissions from both locals and visitors alike. Since then, it has become a source of pride for all citizens of Montserrat and is proudly flown at government buildings throughout the country.
The flag serves as a reminder not only of Montserrat’s history but also its future potential. It stands as a symbol that despite its challenges, this small Caribbean nation will continue to thrive and remain strong for years to come!
Country Flower of Montserrat (UK)
The national flower of Montserrat is the Montserrat Oriole, a species of blackbird that is endemic to the island. The oriole has a distinctive yellow head, black wings and tail, and white underparts. It is a very important symbol of the island’s heritage and culture, as it is only found in Montserrat.
The oriole has long been associated with Montserrat’s history, with many stories passed down through generations that tell of its importance to the island’s people. It has been said that when the first settlers arrived on Montserrat they were welcomed by a flock of orioles singing in the trees. This was seen as an omen of good luck and prosperity for the new arrivals.
The oriole also appears on many official documents such as passports and currency notes – further highlighting its importance to Montserratians. The bird is also featured prominently in local art, with paintings depicting its bright colors often seen around the island.
The national flower of Montserrat serves as a reminder to all citizens of their proud heritage and culture – one that should be celebrated and cherished for generations to come!
Country Animal of Montserrat (UK)
The national animal of Montserrat is the White-tailed Tropicbird, a species of seabird that is endemic to the island. The bird is easily identified by its white plumage, long tail feathers and yellow bill. It can be seen soaring in the sky above Montserrat’s beaches and cliffs, often in large flocks.
The White-tailed Tropicbird has a special place in Montserrat’s culture and history. It was once believed that these birds were messengers from the gods, delivering messages of good luck and prosperity to those on the island. Even today, they are seen as a symbol of hope and resilience by many locals.
The White-tailed Tropicbird also appears on many official documents such as passports and currency notes – further highlighting its importance to Montserratians. The bird is also featured prominently in local art, with paintings depicting its bright colors often seen around the island.
The national animal of Montserrat serves as a reminder to all citizens of their proud heritage and culture – one that should be celebrated and cherished for generations to come! | <urn:uuid:19bb8e96-9627-4379-a2ef-fd8e9caf7904> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.aceinland.com/montserrat-uk-nicknames-and-country-symbols/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.960745 | 1,488 | 2.859375 | 3 |
What are "cookies"?
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Cookies are used to save settings and adapt the content of websites to the user's preferences. They are also used to create anonymous statistics that help to know how users use websites. This makes it possible to improve their structure and content. Cookies are not used to identify the user and the user's identity is not determined on their basis.
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The Food and Agriculture Sector is almost entirely under private ownership and is composed of an estimated 2.1 million farms, 935,000 restaurants, and more than 200,000 registered food manufacturing, processing, and storage facilities. This sector accounts for roughly one-fifth of the nation’s economic activity.
The Food and Agriculture Sector has critical dependencies with many sectors, but particularly with the following:
Water and Wastewater Systems, for clean irrigation and processed water
Transportation Systems, for movement of products and livestock
Energy, to power the equipment needed for agriculture production and food processing
Chemical, for fertilizers and pesticides used in the production of crops | <urn:uuid:140cb702-5c9e-4307-bd1a-68e421d2f227> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.advancedprofessionalsecurity.com/clientele/food-and-agriculture-sector/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.929872 | 134 | 2.5625 | 3 |
The ogham alphabet is the earliest form of Irish writing. The characters consist of a series of lines and notches scored across a long stem. It was usually read from bottom to top.
It is named after the warrior Ogma, God of Eloquence and Literature. There are over 350 Ogham stones still standing in Ireland.
This is a superior piece from one of Ireland’s best Celtic jewellers. It is handcrafted to order by skilled craftsmen and is assayed at Dublin Castle.
Weight: 11 gms approx.
Width: 12.9mm Height: 30mm approx.
Includes 18″ Spiga Chain
Please Add Name in The Notes Section When Ordering
PLEASE DOUBLE CHECK SPELLING | <urn:uuid:1ee6584a-b1bf-4833-9a22-1a9607a4c601> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.alittleirishtoo.com/product/ogham-customised-pendant/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.922174 | 157 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Dinosaur Fun Facts
Which dinosaur has the longest name? Which dinosaur is the heaviest? Biggest? Smallest? How long were dinosaurs alive for? How many species have been discovered? So many questions, yet, a definitive list of dinosaur facts is impossible. As dinosaur fossils continue to be unearthed, we continue to learn more about these amazing ancient creatures that once walked the Earth. So, for now…
1. How long?
Dinosaurs lived on Earth for about 165 million years.
2. Where in the world?
Fossils of dinosaurs have been found on all seven continents-even Antarctica! But the countries with the most dinosaur fossils are the US, Canada, China and Argentina.
3. It’s all Greek to me
Sir Richard Owen invented the term “Dinosauria”. The term comes from the Greek words “deinos” translated to “fearfully great” and “sauros” translated to “lizard”.
4. Our feathered friends?
Did you know that modern birds are descendants from dinosaurs? That means there are still relatives of dinosaurs roaming the planet. Recently, evidence for feathered non-avian dinosaurs has been discovered showing that feathers are no longer unique just to birds.
5. It’s all in the name
The longest dinosaur name originates from Chinese paleontologist Dong in 1978 who named a dinosaur “Micropachycephalosaurus” meaning “tiny thick-headed lizard”.
6. Rock and roll
Dinosaurs often swallowed large rocks to help them digest and grind up food. These stomach stones, called gastroliths have been found with dinosaur fossils.
6. The smallest
The smallest fully-grown dinosaur is the Lesothosaurus, which is a bird-hipped plant-eater about the size of a chicken.
7. The biggest
The heaviest and longest dinosaur is the Argentinosaurus at 40 meters and 77 tons, which is equivalent to 17 African elephants and four fire engines. This dinosaur is the largest land animal to ever live on Earth.
8. The earliest
The oldest known dinosaur is Saltopus.that lived 245 million years ago in what is now Scotland. Makes you wonder about the origin of the Loch Ness Monster.
9. Just call me "Grandpa"
Some scientists believe that Apatosaurus could live to be as old as 300 years, due to the large size of these mature dinosaurs. It is widely believed that most carnivorous dinosaurs lived to be only 30 years, while herbivores lived to 70 or 80 years.
10. You big baby!
Dinosaur eggs (like dinosaurs themselves) have been found in many sizes. The smallest are only as big as a penny, while the largest dinosaur eggs ever found were about 19 inches long.
If you want to take part in new discoveries, join a paleontology dig offered at Ancient Odysseys and dig into the adventure! | <urn:uuid:fe7b6476-2482-4a3d-a82f-7ab99b33a52c> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.ancientodysseys.com/post/dinosaur-fun-facts | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.931918 | 617 | 3.1875 | 3 |
Food Rheology: Importance, Applications and Future Scope
Rheology deals with the flow and deformation behavior of materials whereas tribology is the field describing friction, wear, and lubricating behavior of mating interfaces. While rheology is extensively used to characterize flow properties such as viscosity and viscoelastic behavior in the food and beverage industry, tribology is a relatively newer technique which has gained immense traction over the past decade. The current webinar showcases both these characterization techniques with focus on test methodologies and applications. Real life examples of food and beverage samples including ketchup, cheese, starch, coffee would be discussed here.
- Basics of Rheology: Definition, Instrumentation, Test Methodologies
- Understanding food material flow and deformation behavior
- Determining the influence of time, temperature, and stresses on the stability of food samples
- Specific case studies involving dairy products, ketchup, etc.
- Brief introduction into Food Tribology
Dr. Pichan Prabhasankar obtained his Ph.D. in Biochemistry in 1996 and has more than 25 years of experience in research on Food Science, Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Immunochemistry. He completed Lead Auditor for ISO 14001 and Internal Auditor programs for ISO 9001 and ISO 14001. He is the Chief Editor for Indian Food Industry, AFST(I), India (2010-2012) and the Editor-in-Chief for Journal of Food Science and Technology, Springer (2013-2015). He developed twenty-eight processes out of which twenty-six processes transferred to industries for commercialization. He won many awards in different national and international conferences and has completed several federal and sponsored research projects.
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The objective of Sogang Korean 3A: Student's Book is to assist readers to improve their communication skills in the Korean language. The format of the textbook and the workbook allows the learner to select and focus on any of the four language skills (speaking, listening, reading, and writing). These skills are connected by a common learning objective in each lesson, enabling the student to build on each through new situations and repetition.
The students learn specific language functions through meaningful practice dialogues. Ultimately, students are able to create their own original conversations. Relevant illustrations accompany each lesson to provide visual context and to heighten student interest. In addition, lesson objectives and tasks have been written in English to facilitate the learning process for beginners. To further assist independent study, the book also includes English explanations of Korean grammar, scripts for each CD, complete translations for each lesson, and a glossary of terms.
This new series which was launched in late 2008 by the publisher of the critically acclaimed and very popular Sogang Korean series is a revamped version of its predecessor with the following changes:
- Grammar textbook newly added
- Information from the old social and cultural context replaced with new, fresh updates
- Renewed illustrations, photos, and layouts for more effective study
- Complete guide for Korean language learning, covering grammar, reading, speaking, listening and writing
Along with this book you may buy the 'Sogang Korean 3A: Workbook'. | <urn:uuid:3609aaf0-b31a-4ca1-92de-36ca56b70afe> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.aprendecoreanohoy.com/en/textbooks/941-sogang-korean-3a-students-book-2-books-1-cd-9788992491396.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.941503 | 296 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Sustainable practices must move to the top of the food chain
Heightened consumer awareness, increased government action around sustainability and upsurged climate change focus has put industries under increased pressure to adopt sustainable practices.
This development is particularly true of the food and beverages sector, with food production responsible for a quarter of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions.
This figure, if left unchecked, will only rise due to the combined impact of a rising population and the growth of the middle class as wealthier people consume more resource-intensive, animal-based foods.
According to the World Economic Forum, by 2050, the demand for food will be 60 percent greater than it is today.
Therefore, there is an urgent need for the F&B industry to address its carbon footprint. Engie Impact, the sustainability consulting arm of the energy giant Engie Solutions, says only about 15 percent of F&B firms are on track to meet internal sustainability goals.
To address the challenge climate change poses to Saudi Arabia, the country’s leadership has been working to implement various national initiatives aligned with global sustainability goals.
Among the most significant, the Kingdom has pledged to reach net-zero emissions by 2060. Critical to this mission is the large-scale transition to clean energy. Though a major player in oil and gas, Saudi Arabia is working to diversify its economy and end its reliance on heavy fuels by leveraging its infrastructure and expertise to lead the way in the renewable energy sector, including investments in solar, wind and hydrocarbon.
With mounting pressure on energy-intensive sectors in the Kingdom to align with the government’s ambitions for a greener economy, investors are becoming increasingly concerned with meeting the environmental, social and governance principles, driving sustainability high on the agenda of business leaders.
Therefore, the Saudi F&B industry must look to decarbonize end-to-end operations by transitioning to green power options. The local F&B industry is the largest in the Middle East, valued at some $45 billion and accounting for about 10 percent of the country’s gross domestic product.
Renewable clean energy will be essential to the decarbonization of the F&B industry. Securing reliable and green power sources, such as solar thermal solutions and on-site generation, is one option to reduce carbon emissions. Research shows that companies sourcing renewable electricity outperform their rivals financially, ranging from 0.3 to more than 7 percent.
Still, meeting sustainability goals can overwhelm even well-resourced F&B giants, who would instead focus on their core business. Outsourcing energy management services to specialized firms enables food manufacturers to strengthen their economic performance by leaning on third-party providers for reliable energy supply, managing multi-technical projects and strictly controlling operating costs.
Most importantly, energy-management firms can deploy specialized analytical tools to identify areas for improvement, analyze energy consumption trends, advise on purchasing energy, electricity and gas, and optimize energy performance.
An example of such outsourced services includes tailor-made high-tech financed solutions for carbon dioxide footprint reduction. Here, customers only pay for their energy while the energy-services company undertakes the capital expenditure. In addition, all risks related to engineering, procurement, construction and energy performance are transferred to the energy-services provider.
Another sustainable model is on-site energy power generation, particularly solar, which eliminates the need to transport power long distances and significantly reduces costs and energy losses. These services are delivered in conjunction with traditional energy services offerings, including the optimized production and distribution of hot/cold/iced water, compressed air, compressors for steam and industrial gas process utilities such as refrigeration, process environments such as heating, ventilation and air conditioning, heat recovery installations and more.
Demonstrating the outsourcing model’s success, Engie developed and closed the first corporate power purchase agreement project in Saudi Arabia and the Middle East: the NADEC solar photovoltaic power project. Engie reduced NADEC’s fuel consumption by 124,000 barrels per year, resulting in a decline of 53,000 tons of annual carbon emissions, in line with Saudi Vision 2030.
Such an innovative framework allows energy-intensive industries and commercial services to procure renewable energies through corporate PPAs.
These projects not only reduce GHGs emissions and contribute to the development of the renewable-energy sector but help drive the competitiveness of solar energy as an alternative to fossil fuel, even for medium-sized photovoltaic power plants. Moreover, they represent what is to come for the future of the energy-hungry industries in Saudi Arabia.
The discussion around climate change is becoming more intense, increasing demands to reduce energy and water consumption and mitigate carbon dioxide emissions. Even the most prominent players in the food industry would struggle to maintain a coherent decarbonization strategy while delivering their core business objectives. These companies ought to start considering bridging this gap by reducing customer energy consumption at far lower costs.
• Nicholas Powell is a general manager at Engie Solutions in KSA and has over 30 years of experience in facilities management. | <urn:uuid:48e78da0-3dd2-4afd-b3c7-ca948b67eba7> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.arabnews.com/node/2202366 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.934778 | 1,030 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Hepatitis (Liver Inflammation)
The term “hepatitis” implies an inflammation and impaired function of the liver. There are many causes of hepatitis including several infectious agents, toxic substances including alcohol and medicines, and mechanical blockages of the drainage system of the liver. Most commonly, the layperson’s use of the word hepatitis implies one of the infectious diseases caused by several different viruses. Our discussion of this subject is confined to a few of the more common infectious causes.
Anatomy and Physiology of the Liver
The liver is a large organ located in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen. Tremendous amounts of blood pass through the liver to be filtered and detoxified. In broad terms, the liver is similar to a recycling center for the body. The liver and kidney process most of the blood-borne toxins in the body and either eliminate the hazards or convert them into a less hazardous form. The liver eliminates hazards and passes them into the stool, while the kidney eliminates hazards into the urine. Most medications are “metabolized” or changed to a different form in the liver. These different forms may be either more active or less active than the original form.
The liver also processes nutrients and assists in the conversion of food to nutrients. In this role, the liver may convert sugars into more complex substances to be used slowly by the body using insulin. It also converts dietary cholesterol and fats into the healthy and unhealthy forms of cholesterol. The liver aids in fat digestion by producing bile which is stored in the adjacent gall bladder. The liver is an essential organ for daily functioning of the body.
Viral Infections of the Liver
Small virus particles may infect the liver and impair its ability to function. When this occurs, individuals may feel acutely fatigued, feverish, nauseated and lose their appetite. The urine may become very dark as the body tries to excrete a breakdown product of blood called bilirubin through the urine instead of the normal pathway through the liver and into the stool. The skin may turn yellow (jaundice) due to bilirubin deposition in the skin. In addition to the illness caused in the individual by hepatitis, a significant danger lies in its transmissibility to other people. Chronic forms of hepatitis may develop that lead to liver failure and liver cancer. There are many forms of infectious hepatitis. The most common are Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C.
Hepatitis A infects approximately 180,000 people in the US each year. Of the US population, 33% will be infected during their lifetime. The virus is found in contaminated food, water, milk and shellfish. It is primarily related to overcrowding, poor sanitation and poor personal hygiene. Contamination occurs when the virus excreted in the stool of an infected individual gets into drinking water or food. The most common scenarios occur with poor water processing facilities and poor hand washing in preparing food. A single individual can infect hundreds of people in a very short period of time. Major outbreaks have recently occurred in the US. Raw seafood, particularly oysters, which concentrate wastes dumped into the ocean, may also transmit the condition without being directly handled by an infected individual.
Hepatitis A may range in severity from almost no symptoms to being very ill. Symptoms include fatigue, fever, chills, headaches, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, jaundice, and darkened urine as discussed earlier. The condition is usually not fatal in otherwise healthy individuals. Symptoms occur from 15 to 45 days after the exposure to the virus. The symptoms usually last from one to two weeks with complete recovery within two months. There is no specific treatment other than supportive care and avoiding liver toxins such as alcohol. Even some over the counter medications such as Tylenol should generally be avoided. Once recovery is complete, the individual gains some immunity against future infection by that strain of virus.
Very rarely, death results from a fulminant infection. The diagnosis is made by testing the blood for antibodies to the Hepatitis A virus and followed by monitoring blood enzymes from the liver. Elevated liver enzymes generally return to normal as the individual recovers, although this is not always the case.
Hepatitis B is a blood borne infection transmitted through contaminated body fluids. It affects 0.1% to 0.5% of low risk people in the US (128,000+ annually) and 200 million individual worldwide. Hepatitis B is the primary cause of liver cancer worldwide and is responsible for more cancer deaths than any other agent in the third world. In areas that have adopted Western lifestyles, it is less prevalent and cigarettes are a much more common cause of other fatal cancers. People at risk for Hepatitis B include intravenous drug users, those with high-risk sexual behavior, infants of mothers with hepatitis and health care workers exposed to infected blood and body fluids. Blood used for transfusion in the US is screened for infectious hepatitis.
Hepatitis B also has a wide range of symptoms, but is a potentially much more serious disease than Hepatitis A. Up to 10% of infected people, over one million in the US, develop a chronic infection that is contagious (90% of infected infants). This condition also puts the individual at risk for hepatic carcinoma (liver cancer). A small percentage of people develop chronic, active hepatitis, a situation where recovery is incomplete. This may require long term treatment with medication that is poorly tolerated in some and may disqualify a pilot or controller from aviation duties. Finally, approximately 0.1-1.0% develop “fulminant hepatitis”, a very aggressive and often fatal form of the disease. Nearly 6,000 deaths per year in the US are attributable to Hepatitis B.
Hepatitis C is a relatively newly discovered form of liver disease that has recently received considerable public attention and media coverage. The virus was not discovered until 1988 and reliable testing did not exist until 1992. Unfortunately, the virus has infected many people prior to that time. Approximately four million Americans (2 percent of the population) are infected with Hepatitis C and 10,000 will die of the disease each year. The current medical costs in the US associated with treating the disease are over $600 million annually.
Worldwide, 170 million people are infected. Hepatitis C is transmitted through contaminated blood and body fluids, similar to Hepatitis B. High-risk behaviors such as intravenous drug use and unprotected intercourse with infected individuals accounts for most of the transmission. Blood transfusions prior to improved testing of the blood supply prior to 1992 accounts for about 7% of the infections.
The clinical picture of Hepatitis C, at least in the early stages, is quite different from Hepatitis A or B. Unlike the latter two, people infected with Hepatitis C rarely have any symptoms for 10-30 years. They appear perfectly healthy, yet carry the disease and can infect others. Approximately 80% of people infected will develop chronic inflammation of the liver in 10-30 years and 20% will develop cirrhosis which destroys the liver, resulting in the need for a liver transplant to prevent death.
Other forms of hepatitis due to viruses include Hepatitis D, E and G. Transmission for most is similar to Hepatitis B through infected blood. Hepatitis E is transmitted by contact with infected stool similar to Hepatitis A.
Prevention of Hepatitis A
Fortunately, prevention of these diseases is usually easy to accomplish. Exceptions can occur when Hepatitis A contaminated food is unsuspectingly consumed in an area where transmission risk is usually very low (e.g. North America or Western Europe). When traveling to areas with poor hygiene, using the same steps one would use to avoid traveler’s diarrhea are fairly effective in preventing Hepatitis A.
You should avoid uncooked foods and only eat fruits and vegetables that you personally peel. Avoid water or ice. Even “bottled” water may be contaminated if not obtained from a reliable clean source. In the past, people traveling to high risk areas were given “gamma Globulin” or immune serum globulin which gave a partial temporary immunity. These painful shots conveyed passive immunity, a transient protection gained from other infected persons? serum.
Vaccines for Hepatitis A (Havrix and Vaqta) have been developed. They are much more effective in conveying a lifelong active (produced by your own body) immunity. The vaccine series is given as a two shot series with the second shot given 6 months after the first for adults. Significant immunity occurs within several weeks of the first immunization. These shots are usually very well tolerated and relieve the need for repeated painful gamma globulin injections.
For those individuals traveling to high risk areas, the vaccine is highly recommended. Information concerning high risk areas of the world may be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
If an individual is infected with Hepatitis A, household contacts should consider immunization and administration of immune globulin. Excellent personal hygiene and avoiding food preparation significantly decrease the risk of transmitting the disease.
Prevention of Hepatitis B
Immunizations for Hepatitis B (Engerix-B and Recombivax-HB) are also available in a three shot series given as an initial dose followed by doses at one and six months. For those not engaging in high-risk behavior, the risk of acquiring the disease is not significant. Those who may be exposed to blood or body fluids of infected persons, usually through sexual contact, should receive the immunization series. Chronically infected individuals may benefit from treatment with interferon. The treatment requires frequent injections and is often accompanied by a flu-like syndrome. This treatment must be reported to and generally is not cleared by the FAA for safety sensitive duty until such treatments are completed.
Prevention and Treatment of Hepatitis C
Currently, no vaccine exists for Hepatitis C. Prevention, therefore, is limited to avoiding blood an body fluids of infected individuals. The blood supply is now tested for Hepatitis C, but those individuals who received blood transfusions prior to 1992 may consider getting a simple blood test to screen for the disease. Those who are infected should avoid substances that may harm the liver, particularly alcohol, but also some medications. Some people advocate nutritional therapy to boost the immune system, though this has not been studied enough to be of proven to be of benefit.
Symptomatic people infected with Hepatitis C may benefit from treatment with interferon-alpha and ribavirin, an approved FDA combination for the condition named Rebetol. The treatment is expensive and only improves symptoms in some individuals. It does not cure the disease and has significant side effects of fatigue, fever, muscle aches and flu-like symptoms. Ribavirin is waiverable after 30 days without side effects, but interferon treatment has to be completed before the FAA will consider clearance.
The FAA briefly changed its policy and for several months allowed certification of pilots using alpha interferon for the treatment of Hepatitis C. However, the FAA has reversed its earlier position because of concerns about depression secondary to use of alpha interferon. Currently, no forms of alpha interferon are approved for medical certification.
In Apr 2014, the FAA delegated authority to the AME to clear airmen back to flying with Hepatitis C as long as they were not requiring medications and their liver laboratory testing was within acceptable limits.
FAA Policies Regarding Hepatitis
The acute forms of hepatitis are disqualifying for aviation duties. If the condition resolves spontaneously, an individual may return to flying after clearance from the treating physician and when the pilot feels confident they can perform all of their required duties. This condition may be reported to the FAA at the time of the pilot’s next FAA physical examination. Controllers must clear through the Regional Flight Surgeon before returning to safety sensitive duties.
Chronic hepatitis conditions requiring the use of medication must be cleared by the FAA prior to exercising the privileges of the aeromedical certificate. As of April 2013 stable Hepatitis C not requiring medication can be cleared by the Aviation Medical Examiner with current clinical reports and laboratory studies. Certification is dependent upon minimal symptoms from the disease and tolerance of the medications. Periodic reports from the treating physician are required for continued certification.
Hepatitis is a term covering a broad spectrum of diseases affecting the liver. Infectious forms of hepatitis are relatively common and can cause serious illness and death. Prevention is the key to avoiding the consequences of the disease. Medical certification of pilots/controllers with hepatitis depends on the seriousness of the disease and the method of treatment. Those pilots/controllers whose disease is well controlled, and who tolerate approved medication well, may be medically certified by the FAA after review and approval of appropriate medical documentation. Numerous credible resources for additional information on hepatitis exist.
AMAS Aeromedical Assistance
For a more specific personal explanation to your questions or those concerning aeromedical certification, contact AMAS for a private consultation. For help in reporting treatment for and obtaining clearance from the FAA to fly or control with these conditions, refer to the AMAS Confidential Questionnaire. If you are an AMAS Corporate Member, these services are FREE to you. | <urn:uuid:41e7768f-165f-4105-98e5-798421f02e60> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.aviationmedicine.com/article/hepatitis-liver-inflammation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.945472 | 2,738 | 3.890625 | 4 |
In the past century or so, we’ve come to depend on electricity for nearly all our basic needs: cooking, working, and functioning after sundown, in general. So, when the power is down, it can severely disrupt our daily lives and even pose a danger to our wellbeing. Power outages can happen due to extreme weather conditions, natural disasters, or problems with the electrical grid.
In these unfortunate scenarios, it’s important to know how to keep yourself, your home, and your pets safe. Here are a few essential tips on what to do when the power goes out.
If the power happens to go out when it’s cold outside, your first concern should be to save as much heat as possible in your home. Firstly, cover all the windows and doors with blankets and put plastic tape over them to keep out drafts and conserve the heat in your home.
The next step is choosing a “warming room”, in which you will spend most of your time until the power comes back on. After all, one room is much easier to keep warm than the entire house. Choose a small room with few or no windows, as it will be the easiest to keep warm. Have everyone in your household, including the pets, bundle up in that room with blankets and hot water bottles. Body heat is helpful, too.
One important warning: Do NOT use gas ovens, grills, or heaters indoors to stay warm! You’re sealed up in a room without proper air circulation, and doing so can cause a potentially deadly buildup of noxious gases.
The risk of heat exhaustion or a heat stroke isn’t to be taken lightly. Staying cool in hot weather is just as important as staying warm in cold weather. The first step to take if the power goes out in the summer is to cover the windows that directly face the sun with curtains or blankets. Here are a few more tips:
Related: 9 Tips to Help Keep Your House Cool
If the power is out for a long period of time, the food in your fridge and freezer is at risk of becoming too warm and starting to grow dangerous bacteria. Here’s what you can do to ensure that your food stays chilled during a power outage:
When the power is out at your home, there's also a chance that it's out at the municipal water center. This means that you will be out of running water for some time. If you have a bathtub, fill it to stock up on water.
The electricity outage may also render the water unsafe for you and your pets. Even if it looks clean, do check with the local authorities whether or not there is a boil alert in effect. If so, Diane Vukovic, a disaster preparedness expert, advises bringing the water to a full rolling boil for one minute. Continue boiling the water for 3 minutes, if you live at an elevation of 6,500 feet or more.
If your home uses well water, you will not have running water until the power is back on. One possible solution is to hook your well-pump to a gas-powered generator. Your local equipment rental service will usually offer these generators.
When the power goes out in very cold weather, pipes can easily become frozen, and they could even burst. To prevent it, you can leave all the cold water taps in the house on so that they are dripping. Even this small amount of water flowing through the pipes can prevent them from freezing solid.
However, this isn’t a good solution when running water is also a concern. In that case, “you’ll need to completely shut off your water at the main and drain water in the pipes. Collect it in clean buckets and pots so you can use it later,” says Vukociv.
If you're expecting a power outage, remember to unplug all your electronics and appliances: TVs, computers, microwaves, and the like. When the power returns, there may be a power surge, which can damage anything that is still plugged in. It may also be a good idea to have a fully-charged power bank on hand so that you are able to call someone in case of an emergency.
Share these important tips with your loved ones | <urn:uuid:59152d97-47e0-47be-9ea3-e2011921dbfc> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.ba-bamail.com/tips-life-hacks-and-diy/emergency-tips-what-to-do-when-the-power-goes-out/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.954537 | 879 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Conflicts between faith and science go back for thousands of years, most conflicts between faith and science are found in the Bible. There are many stories in the Bible which faithful people believe in fully, but people who have a more firm belief in science see the Bible as stories which can be explained through science. A few stories from the Bible which scientists believe could be explained in ways other than just by miracles, are the creation of Earth and humans, Joshua stopping the sun, Cain being unable to grow crops, and Elisha fixing a poisoned river. Religious people believe in these and consider them miracles. However, believers in science doubt their authenticity and find ways to disprove the miracles.
The first category that will be explained is conflict. This is optimally categorized with the statement that, “Science and religion investigate common questions, but their theories contradict one another and so compete with one another for our acceptance.” (Pojman 562). With the view of conflict, it is believed that science and religion overlap in regard to the quest for truth, but their methods and findings are contradictory. This theory is most commonly held by religious fundamentalists, those that believe in strictly literal translation of scripture; and the more recent movement of new atheism that is
When comparing science and religion there has been a great rift. As long as humanity has believed in a creator there as always been thinkers trying to quantify and evaluate the truth behind religion, trying to disprove or prove a supernatural force.
For most people of the modern age, a clear distinction exists between the truth as professed by religious belief, and the truth as professed by scientific observation. While there are many people who are able to hold scientific as well as religious views, they tend to hold one or the other as being supreme. Therefore, a religious person may ascribe themselves to certain scientific theories, but they will always fall back on their religious teachings when they seek the ultimate truth, and vice versa for a person with a strong trust in the sciences. For most of the early history of humans, religion and science mingled freely with one another, and at times even lent evidence to support each other as being true. However, this all changed
Science and religion are two different words in different disciplines, which are grounded on different foundations with different concepts, perspective and values. Science is built on surveillance of the Mother Nature, but religion is basically founded on faith. Religious people have faith and believe that God exists. Scientists agree that the real of the world can be learned and revealed, which can be concluded with the practice of the logical technique. It is true that science and religion are two different disciplines, but these two discipline can work together perfectly for better health outcome in the health care. It is true science emerges, but without God’s knowledge for the scientist, they cannot have the knowledge that it entails to discover Mother Nature. Different standpoints could emerge with the people who have strong basis for religion or science, with different beliefs and standards. Religious beliefs
When dwelling into the explorations about science and religion, one can find it quite amusing. "If science and religion are to continue to coexist it seems opposed to the conditions of modern thought to admit that this result can be brought about by the so-called
The Pivotal Dichotomies of Science and Religion Science can help identify and elaborate upon the laws of nature, help humans ascertain an improved understanding of the universe, and enable people to acquire powerful thinking skills to generate innovative and beneficial ideas. However, in the recent centuries many scholars have addressed the numerous conflicts that have emerged between the fields of science and religion. Although certain similar factors can render science and religion compatible, many differences have caused a contentious divisiveness to permeate between the two fields. Many philosophers have contemplated and debated the relationship between science and religion.
In this essay, we are going to focus on religious group responses to science group theories on how the world was formed in the modern era. We see there has always being a conflict between religion and science groups, because they both believe in different ways on how the world was formed. The religious groups believe the world formation came from God and created by God, and they see him as the creator. The science groups believe in evolution, we come from apes and they believe the world was formed through the
Science “aims to save the spirit, not by surrender but by the liberation of the human mind” (Wilson, 7). Both religion and science seek to explain the unknown. Instead of surrendering reasoning with the traditional religion, a scientific approach one takes full authority over it. Being an empiricist, Wilson takes favors the scientific approach to the question: “why are things the way they are?” This question can pose two meanings: How did this happen, and what is the purpose. Traditional religion answers this question with stories, many of which are impossible to prove or disprove, making them arguments of ignorance. These explanations entail the adherent surrender reasoning and put faith in the resolution. According to Wilson these are always wrong (Wilson, 49). Science is the most effective way to learn about the natural world. Religion is merely speculation.
With each new development in science comes conflict, mostly from those who don’t believe that science follows the teachings of their religion or allies with their beliefs in an almighty power or God. Looking back in history at some of the great names in human scientific achievement, such as Copernicus, Galileo, and Darwin, we see that with each genius discovery came some outcry from religious groups. Nikolaus Copernicus was one of the first pioneers of science. Until 1540 science had long been a servant of the Christian religion, but Copernicus brought about change, and with that change came persecution. Copernicus’ work, although not immediately and widely accepted, lead directly to the undermining of centuries of assumption and superstition. He was the first to state that not only was the earth not the center of the universe, but it also orbited the sun. Later in history came Galileo who brought Copernicus ' ideas to practical fruition. He was also on the receiving end of much religious persecution, even to the point of living out his last years under house arrest, forbidden from writing and publishing. Then in the 1800’s Charles Darwin researched and published revolutionary biology books on the theory of evolution, his most widely known book being “The Origin of Species”. Even today, long after his death, his works receive much religious debate; religion today is no more apt at dealing with scientific theory than it was hundreds of years ago; this is because it is a
Since the dawn of mankind religion has been one of the most significant elements of a society’s social and cultural beliefs and actions. However, this trend has declined due to the general increase in knowledge regarding our the natural sciences. Where we had previously attributed something that we didn’t understand to the working of a higher power, is now replaced by a simple explanation offered by natural sciences. While advocates of Religion may question Natural Sciences by stating that they are based on assumptions, it is important to note the Natural Sciences are based on theories and principles which can be proven using mathematical equations and formulas. Faith however contrasts from the easily visible feasibility of data
Humans have a tendency to turn to religion and science for answers. Every time they may find themselves in trouble they consult their religion for assistance, and every time they do not understand something they want science to resolve it. However, the problem with this is that there is a lot of diversity between different religions resulting in mass confusion. Religion divides humans instead of bringing them together, as a species. Science revolves around philosophy, expanding the possibilities of disorder. Due to different religions that have uncommon views on nature, and the divergent philosophies coined by Plato, Mencius, Hsün Tzu, Ruth Fulton Benedict, and Ayn Rand, the assertion can be made that religion along with science is thus, not necessary to understand the natural world; on the other hand, it only triggers confusion.
Is it possible for science and religion to coexist? In both The Day The Earth Stood Still and The Man Who Fell to The Earth, the idea of science versus religion is questioned. The films show that our world is rapidly changing and how society reacts to events during those specific times by questioning spiritual faith. Certain sounds that are heard throughout both movies allow us to feel the tone that each movie tries to relay. These sound effects help the viewers understand moments of tension, fear, desperation, peacefulness, to name a few. In addition, certain cinematic techniques that portray quick cuts, long and complex scenes, and much more allow viewers to explore the relationship | <urn:uuid:b996c8d9-6e3a-492b-ad69-d18f91e30ed1> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.bartleby.com/essay/Why-Do-Most-Scientific-People-Reject-Religion-FCJJ6DEEF5M | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.965003 | 1,776 | 3.015625 | 3 |
Baylor University's Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation (HHPR), along with partners from Texas A&M University's School of Public Health (lead on the overall project), New Mexico State University, the Mariposa Community Health Center in Arizona, and the Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service have received a five-year, $4.9 million grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) to improve the lives of families living along the U.S.-Mexico border.
Dr. Renée Umstattd Meyer, associate professor, Baylor HHPR, will lead the team on all physical activity and screen time components of the funded project. The team plans to implement a family-centered approach to reducing the incidence of childhood obesity along the border through research, education and extension in three key areas: nutrition, physical activity, and "screen time." Screen time is a sedentary activity that includes all activities done in front of a screen (eg: watching TV, video games, computer work).
The funded program will focus on areas with the least amount of resources, such as along the U.S.-Mexico border from El Paso to Brownsville. Levels of childhood obesity in these areas are reaching "epidemic proportions," according to studies conducted by the United States-Mexico Border Health Commission.
The USDA awarded the grant through the Childhood Obesity Prevention Challenge Area, a program of the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative sponsored by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture. | <urn:uuid:47b7487e-f432-41f3-beeb-2c2721f3f13e> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.baylor.edu/alumni/magazine/1304/index.php?id=925654 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.940653 | 312 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Year 1 Art & Design
Year 1 Make Careful Observations during Art & Design Lessons.
We have been developing an Art Skill: Make careful observations.
Taking inspiration from Georgia O’keefe’s Poppy painting we had a go at carefully sketching a flower picture ourselves. With pencil we drew the outline, then went over this with a brighter colour and then we shaded the leaves of the flower. It took a few goes to get it right but we soon got the hang of shading and not introducing too many different colours to the flower, they looked great.
https://www.okeeffemuseum.org/about-georgia-okeeffe/ Visit the O'Keefe museum website to learn more about Georgia's art work and life. | <urn:uuid:f86ceab8-9a80-4003-9ba8-e0c2aef44436> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.beavergreen.org.uk/news/?pid=8&nid=12&storyid=128 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.941565 | 159 | 3.171875 | 3 |
Fascia Training with BLACKROLL® is not only essential for better movement, mobility and performance, it can also strengthen your immune system and keep infections and disease away!
"Fascia, or connective tissue, is really the home of the immune system"
"In the current climate of a world pandemic, it's crucial that we understand as individuals what we can do to optimize our health, whether we come into contact with COVID-19 or not. For the purposes of detoxification and optimal health, the fascia is to the lymphatics what the heart is to the vascular system!
To understand the function of the lymphatics, we must first appreciate the complexity of our vascular system at a cellular level. Arteries terminate at the capillary bed where oxygen and nutrient rich blood leaks out of the smallest arteries (arterioles) and bathes our tissues in fluid. The smallest veins, or venules, collect most of this nutrient-depleted fluid, returning it to the heart to start the process over again. 10% of the fluid however, which contains large protein molecules, cannot pass through the small holes in the venules and must be removed from our tissues by our lymphatics.
This protein rich fluid contains dead cells, bacteria, toxins and inflammatory components. Once collected by the lymphatic vessels, the fluid, now called “lymph,” is transported back towards the heart through a series of one-way valves. The lymphatic fluid then flows through “lymph nodes” which contain immune system cells that kill off harmful micro-organisms like viruses and bacteria contained in the lymphatic fluid. The lymphatic system, in essence, “cleans” the space between the cells of potentially harmful molecules and fluids.
Helen Langevin, a professor at Harvard Medicine and University of Vermont, and author of multiple research papers investigating fascia, considers that fascia, or connective tissue, is really the home of the immune system spread (Langevin et al., 2016; Schierling, 2017).
The lymphatic channels run through fascia. When fascia is healthy - well hydrated and "slippery" - the lymph fluid moves through its surrounds easily. Per se, the immune cells within the lymph fluid are able to fight infections and subsequently, reduce inflammation (Schierling, 2017).
Happy fascia is well-hydrated and is moved often (including bouncing movements and Self Myofascial Treatment). So as well as implementing all the recommendations for protecting yourself against Corona Virus, give some consideration to your fascial tissue and practice some fascia training!
By the way, it is the perfect thing to do at home if you cannot go to the gym or play sports. See more info here... | <urn:uuid:77125380-9913-4122-b5b1-757196c857b8> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.blackroll.com.au/blogs/news/fascia-training-can-boost-your-immune-system | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.93064 | 569 | 3.109375 | 3 |
What is Academic Freedom?
Academic freedom is the First Amendment free speech principle applied in the scholarship and teaching setting. Academic freedom ensures:
- freedom of inquiry and research
- freedom of expression in the pursuit of academic publication
- the provocation of debate and thought in the pursuit of teaching
Academic freedom protects the legitimate development and exploration of ideas in the academic environment by a university faculty member, made in furtherance of the institution’s educational mission, but free from any political, cultural, and organizational intimidation.
Academic freedom gives the faculty member the full range of motion in academic viewpoints and in discussing matters – sometimes controversial and emotion-filled – in academic pursuit, and in stirring the mind and engaging civil discourse and debate.
You can read the preamble to the Boise State Faculty Constitution, which also discusses the concept of academic freedom. | <urn:uuid:e8e7a67f-1210-4d2d-a32b-e5bfb002d39b> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.boisestate.edu/deanofstudents/free-speech-at-boise-state/know-your-rights/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.930818 | 174 | 2.875 | 3 |
Magnetism Discovery Board
An ideal toy for kids who are first introduced to magnetism. Kids can take out the horse shoe magnet and the magnet bar to try how attraction and repulsion work between magnetic poles. Kids can also place the magnets near the metal powder box to visualize magnetic power or to see the magnetic field lines. A compass is also facilitated to teach our kids magnetic fields are always around us and there are even magnetic poles on the earth we are living in! Simply a perfect toy to draw kids attention and raise kids interests in learning of science. | <urn:uuid:e9b4e54e-289b-4ad2-afde-a89ec868c851> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.brightsparkenterprises.com.au/products/magnetism-discovery-board | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.936185 | 112 | 2.546875 | 3 |
July 21, 2015 Wisdom teeth, also called third molars, are at the back of the mouth and are typically the last adult teeth to come in, if they do come in at all. Wisdom teeth usually appear between ages 17 and 21, but problems can develop sooner that require wisdom teeth removal. An impacted wisdom tooth occurs because the jaw isn’t large enough to accommodate these teeth, causing the teeth to grow sideways, partially emerge or remain trapped beneath the gum. When wisdom teeth break only partially through the gums, it makes them difficult to clean and can also lead to infection in the gums. In addition, impacted wisdom teeth can cause pain and damage to other teeth, but they may not cause any apparent problems at all, which is why regular dental visits and x-rays at this age are vital. Wisdom teeth removal is usually recommended either way, as even those impacted wisdom teeth that cause no symptoms can result in problems down the road. Even when wisdom teeth come in properly, their placement in the back of the mouth can make it difficult to properly clean them, resulting in decay. It’s also not uncommon for wisdom teeth to be associated with cysts, which can damage the bone or tooth roots. Symptoms that can point to wisdom teeth problems are pain; jaw stiffness or swelling; bad breath or an unpleasant taste in the mouth; infected, red or bleeding gums; and difficulty swallowing or opening the mouth all the way. Whether or not wisdom teeth are causing problems or wisdom teeth pain, it can be best to remove them before a patient turns 20 because removing them when the patient is more difficult and more likely to cause complications. The younger a patient, the more likely the wisdom teeth’s roots haven’t fully formed and the bone surrounding the teeth is less dense, which makes wisdom teeth removal easier. But, patients over the age of 30 who haven’t had wisdom teeth problems aren’t likely to need them removed. Schedule a wisdom teeth consultation today When it comes to wisdom teeth, each patient is unique. At Caffaratti Dental Group, we monitor your child’s regular x-rays to look for signs of impacted wisdom teeth or other warning signs, allowing us to catch problems early. If we determine wisdom teeth removal is the best route for your child, our 3D images will help us determine what type of surgery and sedation makes the most sense for him or her. But, if you have concerns between appointments that your child could be suffering from wisdom teeth pain, or you are a new patient who would like a Sparks wisdom teeth removal or Sparks impacted wisdom teeth consultation, call us at (775) 358-1555, and we’ll get you in right away. | <urn:uuid:ecf94f30-8b8c-4801-9fb5-d3774f55f9cc> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.caffarattidentalgroup.com/the-why-of-wisdom-teeth-removal/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.938247 | 556 | 2.703125 | 3 |
You might or might not be familiar with vintage vinyl albums in the current digital era. Or perhaps you're a die-hard vinyl record collector who has albums on every shelf and wall in your home.
Anyway, although we may live in a digital age, vinyl records will always be in vogue. The way they make music is enigmatic, which contributes to its charm.
Even though there is a sound scientific explanation for how it works, listening to a vinyl record nevertheless seems different. So how do vinyl records work?
This reading produces an electric signal that is sent to an amplifier.
The signal is finally carried through the amplifier to the speakers, where it is output as sound. Does it seem difficult? Let's investigate it further.
A vinyl record plays by spinning on a turntable, and the grooves on the disc are "read" by the record player's stylus. The stylus's motion generates an electrical signal that is amplified and output as sound through the speakers.
Vinyl records, first produced in 1948, marked a significant shift from music cylinders. Their easy production allowed mass distribution, evolving the music reproduction landscape.
Sound waves are vibrations of particles that move through the air, which our eardrums detect as sound. In vinyl records, the grooves represent these sound waves.
The stylus, as it moves through the vinyl record's grooves, transfers the mechanical energy to the cartridge. The cartridge then converts this energy into electrical signals, which are amplified to produce sound.
Despite the digital age, vinyl records maintain a robust following due to their distinctive sound quality, the tactile pleasure of using them, and the artistic value of their covers.
Album covers in vinyl sleeves are seen as creative expressions, often becoming iconic symbols. The tactile and visual aspects of vinyl records offer a unique, immersive experience for music lovers, connecting them more intimately with the artists' creative visions.
While we today take music reproduction for granted, Thomas Edison created the first instrument that could record and recreate sound in 1877. Although the cylinders used for this purpose were played on a phonograph, this device was not a vinyl record.
Emile Berliner's invention of the phonograph record disc a few decades later signaled the switch from music cylinders to records.
A true revolution started when the first vinyl records were produced in 1948. The ease of manufacture was their main advantage, allowing artists to sell hundreds or even thousands of copies.
Turntables employ a sensor known as a stylus and cartridge system, to transform mechanical energy into sound waves that are then amplified and transmitted through speakers.
When particles in the medium through which they are traveling vibrate back and forth, they create mechanical waves called sound waves. To put it another way, sound waves are only vibrating particles that move through the air.
Your ear detects the sound when these particles make your eardrums vibrate. This theory applies to all sounds, not just vinyl records. Additionally, the sound is often louder when there are larger vibrations.
If you've ever looked closely at the vinyl record's surface, you may have noticed that each disc has spiral grooves that extend from the edge into the center.
As a type of fingerprint of the sound recorded on the disc, these grooves are really sound waves imprinted on the vinyl substrate.
A small sapphire or diamond is placed at the needle-like head of the stylus. The electromagnetic cartridge, which includes a piezoelectric crystal or electrical coils and a magnet, is at the end of a light metal bar to which the needle is attached.
The metal bar communicates these minuscule bounces from the stylus' crystal tip to the cartridge by causing it to vibrate in time with the grooves.
Every time the metal bar moves, it presses on the crystal, creating an electrical signal that is sent to the amplifier. The sounds you hear via the speakers are then produced by the amplifier.
The turntable, also known as a platter or vinyl player, is the first thing you see when you wish to play a vinyl record. This apparatus has a constant speed turn mechanism. The diameter of the record determines the speed.
Long play records (LPs) typically have a disc diameter of 12 inches, multiple songs on each side, and rotate at a rate of 33 1/3 revolutions per minute (RPM). Single discs often spin at a greater speed of 45 RPM and have a diameter of 10 inches.
While older turntables can need you to manually position the stylus onto the disc once it begins to spin, modern record players do this automatically.
Put the stylus on the edge if your model needs you to move the arm manually. From there, it will be moved by the turntable.
The stylus follows the "fingerprint" of the record as the disc spins, moving along the grooves and bouncing up and down.
The thin metal bar connecting the stylus to the cartridge is referred to as the "tonearm." The stylus's vibrations are picked up by this arm and transferred to the cartridge.
The vibrations received as mechanical energy are converted into electrical energy by the cartridge using a piezoelectric crystal or a magnet and electrical coils. The electrical impulses produced by this electrical energy are then sent to an amplifier, where they are converted into sound.
The amplifier completes the final step by converting the electrical data into sound and sending it to the speakers (or your headphones).
The diaphragm of these speakers (or headphones) travels back and forth in the same rhythm that the stylus did during transmission.
The vibration of the air particles brought on by the movement of the diaphragm finally reaches your eardrums and produces the sound you perceive.
In an age where digital music consumption has become ubiquitous, there's a vibrant subculture that still deeply cherishes the ritual of listening to vinyl records.
The interesting and multifaceted factors, which range from how they are created to how they really sound, underlie this ongoing fascination.
First and foremost, the unique auditory experience that vinyl records offer sets them apart. It's a widely acknowledged fact among audiophiles that vinyl has a distinctive 'warm' and 'rich' sound quality that simply cannot be replicated by digital formats.
For discerning listeners who crave a more immersive and authentic listening experience, nothing quite compares to the resonant hum of a vinyl record playing on a turntable.
But the appeal of vinyl goes beyond just the aural. The tactile pleasure derived from physically handling a vinyl record, from admiring its glossy surface to the act of placing it onto a turntable, adds a whole new sensory dimension to the experience of music consumption.
There's something inherently satisfying about the ritualistic process of listening to vinyl records that clicking a button on a digital device simply cannot emulate.
Album covers, encased in vinyl sleeves, are canvases for breathtaking artwork and creative expression, often becoming iconic symbols in their own right. Many music lovers and collectors take it a step further by transforming their album covers into wall art, by displaying records in creative ways.
This physical and visual aspect of vinyl records offers a tangible experience unlike any other format. Holding these artistic expressions in your hands, exploring the details of the cover art, adds an extra layer of engagement.
It fosters a closer connection between music lovers and the artists, deepening their appreciation for the creative vision behind the music.
And there you have it - a dive into the captivating world of vinyl records, their history, and the intricate science behind how they work.
From the grooves on their surface to the magic of the stylus and turntable, these vintage treasures indeed offer a unique and immersive auditory experience.
But don't just stop here; there's so much more to explore in the expansive universe of music! Head over to our for more fascinating reads that cover a spectrum of music-related topics.
Since you're here, we know you're a true music lover. We invite you to try CalypsoRoom as you're reading this. Dive into the captivating world of music while video chatting with like-minded people, and add a whole new dimension to your music listening experience.
At CalypsoRoom, we strongly believe in the power of music as a unifying force. That's why we've built an online music social network where you can meet new people and friends, starting from the same song, and experience the joy of listening to music together, connected via webcam.
Music will save us all,
The CalypsoRoom Team
Records work by having sound wave patterns etched into grooves on their surface. A stylus or needle reads these patterns and converts them into electrical signals, which are then amplified and converted back into sound waves by a speaker.
Records produce sound by vibration. As the stylus follows the grooves on the record, it vibrates in a way that mirrors the original sound's waveforms. These vibrations are then converted into an electrical signal which is amplified and sent to a speaker to produce sound.
Grooves on a record are spiral paths cut into the vinyl surface, starting from the edge and ending near the center. These grooves are modulated to represent the sound wave patterns of the recorded music.
The stylus reads a vinyl record by tracing the grooves. As it moves, it picks up the minute variations in the groove walls that represent the audio signal. This mechanical motion is converted into an electrical signal that can be amplified and reproduced as sound.
The purpose of a turntable in record playback is to spin the vinyl record at a consistent speed. This allows the stylus to trace the grooves and read the audio information encoded in them.
The audio signal is converted from a record to sound waves through a process of transduction. The stylus picks up the mechanical vibrations from the grooves, these are transformed into electrical signals by a cartridge, the electrical signals are then amplified and sent to the speakers where they are transformed back into sound waves.
Vinyl records store sound in an analog format where grooves represent continuous sound waveforms, while digital music stores sound in a binary format where sound waveforms are sampled at intervals and converted into digital data. Some listeners prefer vinyl for its perceived warmth and fullness of sound, while digital music is valued for its convenience and clarity.
Yes, you can play vinyl records on a modern record player. Many modern record players are designed to be compatible with vinyl records of different sizes and speeds.
To care for and maintain vinyl records, keep them in a clean, dry place, stored vertically. Handle them by the edges to avoid oils from your fingers getting on the grooves. Clean records periodically with a record cleaning solution and a soft cloth or a dedicated record cleaning device.
Yes, vinyl records have been making a comeback in the music industry. They've seen a resurgence in popularity due to their unique sound quality, the tactile experience they provide, and a renewed appreciation for their physicality in the digital age. | <urn:uuid:11478f5f-9b6c-44bc-b28a-daa2a690f84c> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.calypsoroom.com/How-do-vinyl-records-work.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.94096 | 2,270 | 3.515625 | 4 |
The London Grid for Learning have designed the Digisafe service to offer extensive resources, guidance and support to parents and carers. Follow this link to their website to get some top tips to support you Keeping your Child safe: online and beyond.
How about drawing up a Digital Family Agreement to make clear what is allowed. Shared expectations will reduce arguments and keep everyone safe & healthy.
This is a relatively new service from YouTube but well worth you looking into and setting up for your children.
Supervised Experience builds on the historic (and pretty poor) Restricted Mode, which is essentially a filter allowing users to block content which is deemed for adult users only. There are now 3 filtering levels which are:
Importantly, parents manage these settings from their own device via Google Family Link.
There's a really simple and helpful guide HERE which is worth sending out to parents or linking on your school website, it also includes a walkthrough video (under "Supervised Accounts on YouTube - How do I Get Started?".
Does your child use Snapchat?
Technically children shouldn’t be using Snapchat as it’s Terms of Service state that young people under 13 years old should not create an account.
Should I be concerned about Snapchat?
The features of Snapchat can present potential risks to young people online. These features include:
Connecting to other users they do not know
Linking to other platforms
Sharing of information and images
Limited internal moderation
The biggest concern lately is the use of Snap Maps
‘Snap Maps’ use a device’s location information to locate a user on a virtual map. A user is represented by a bitmoji- also known as an avatar- on the map at their precise location. Street names and buildings are
visible. When using Snap Maps for the first time, users are prompted by Snapchat to “Allow Snapchat to access location information”. Next the user is prompted to choose the people they would like to see their location on the map. The options include: My friends, Only me (‘Ghost Mode’), or Selected friends. Dependent on the settings chosen, a user’s precise location will be visible to their selected audience on Snapchat.
It is important that young people understand exactly who can see their location on Snap Maps. Allowing all Snapchat friends (some of whom may be strangers) to see this information can present a risk to young people, as they will be able to see their exact location in real time. Have a conversation with your child about what they do online, who they share their location with, and ways they can keep themselves safe.
You may also find it helpful to read our Online Safety policy, under the policy tab. | <urn:uuid:f222bca9-7bb4-4f9e-b392-66e42f519627> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.carterhatchinfants.com/online-advice-internet-safety-ceop-think-u-know/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.949744 | 560 | 2.671875 | 3 |
More than words: why I'm trying to learn the language of my ancestors
Learning how Anishinaabemowin works gives deeper insight into culture
I'm late for class. As I sit down, my teacher looks at me.
"Aanakwadans, gwiinagam na?" he asks.
Simple question. But I stare at him, blank-faced.
I feel panic, frustration, shame. My mind races. N'gam. I'm trying to translate in my head. N'gam. Animate intransitive verb.
Finally, a lightbulb in my head flickers. N'gama: to sing.
"Ehn-ehn!" I blurt.
Ninaatig Pangowish is 20-something, a big man with a long braid, which he twirls around his finger as he looks at me expectantly.
"Ehn, n-wii-nagam!" I slowly reply.
He smiles, nods.
"Ehn, nishin Aanakwadans! Maajtaadaa…"
Twelve adults begin warbling the Anishinaabemowin pronunciation guide, to the tune of Twinkle Twinkle Little Star:
"Ba - bi - bo, baa - bii - boo - be…"
Singing a nursery rhyme seems a fitting way to start each class. Though I am 47 and have two university degrees, when it comes to speaking the language of my ancestors, I talk baby-talk.
Losing our talk
Let me rewind: I'm from the Chippewas of Georgina Island First Nation in southern Ontario. My people refer to ourselves as Anishinaabe, which translates literally to "good person." Our language is Anishinaabemowin.
- Listen to the More than Words special on CBC Radio Monday, May 21 at 4 p.m. local time.
I don't speak the language, even though my great-grandmother and grandparents spoke fluently. They were proud Anishinaabe, but they didn't pass the language on. I imagine they believed their children would have more opportunities if they spoke English. I assume racism and pressures to assimilate were also to blame.
The only time I remember hearing the language in the home was when they didn't want us grandchildren to know what they were saying. Anishinaabemowin became a secret language of adults.
As my grandmother grew older, she felt the sting of losing her talk. She went to university to become a certified instructor of Anishinaabemowin. In her 70s, she began teaching school children in our community.
Looking back, how I would have loved to have learned from her. But I was consumed with my journalism career and being a parent.
When I visited her in the summer with her great-grandkids, she sang children's songs to them in Anishinaabemowin. She pointed out birds and animals. Piichi — robin. Jidmoo — chipmunk.
But the words and songs slipped from my mind as soon as I boarded the plane.
When she died, I inherited one of her Ojibway dictionaries. I figured it would come in handy when I was writing. But hunting for an Ojibway translation to explain intellectual concepts of Indigeneity wasn't the same as truly understanding it.
What further filled me with yearning was the laughter. Teasing and joking, so much part of our culture, seemed richer when our people speak Anishinaabemowin.
It became the hole in my heart, not speaking my mother tongue. And only one person stood in the way of healing it.
Back to school
Eighteen months ago, I decided to start attending drop-in Anishinaabemowin classes at the Native Canadian Centre in Toronto. Two-hour classes, twice a week.
When I showed up for the first class, I knew four words in Anishinaabemowin.
Aaniin. Miigwech. Maa'iingan. Gookoosh.
Every Nish pretty much knows "hello" and "thank you." I know my clan: "wolf." And "pig" is what my grandparents called us when we gobbled up our food too fast.
Those first classes, wrapping my English-speaking tongue around unfamiliar sounds was embarrassing. But elder Alex Jacobs encouraged us to introduce ourselves, in the traditional Anishinaabe way, by placing ourselves in relation to land and other people. I recited my name, clan, people, home.
"Aanakwadans ndizhinikaaz. Ma'iingan ndodem. Anishinaabe ndow. Toronto ndi'daa…"
As a second language learner, I find Anishinaabemowin sometimes difficult to grasp. It's verb-based. In Anishinaabemowin, you can express a complete thought, using a single verb, adding on prefixes and suffixes to indicate who is doing what to whom and when.
Renowned Ojibway language teacher Patricia Ningewance explains verb conjugations by using the example "to eat:" wiisni.
Here's how you might say: "We didn't want to try to eat lots."
Gaawin ngiiwiigichigagwewiisnisiimin. It's a mouthful.
Anishinaabe author David Treuer has suggested a given verb can have 4,000 different forms in Anishinaabemowin by the time you're done monkeying around with it.
Here's another mind-bender: there are no "he/she" pronouns. Rather than concentrating on gender, the important distinction is between maaba and maanda (imprecisely translated as "animate" and "inanimate"). People and animals are classified as animate, but so are other things an English speaker thinks of as non-living: a rock, a drum, a pipe, a pot.
As I begin to decipher how Anishinaabemowin works, I get deeper insight into the beautiful way my ancestors looked at, and spoke about, our world.
And how badly it's at risk of fading away.
Despite the determined efforts of so many language keepers and linguists who preserve and teach Indigenous languages, Indigenous languages are in steady decline.
There are many reasons, including the government of Canada's residential school policy, which stripped Indigenous peoples of our languages by separating children from their families.
When UNESCO surveyed the health of over 60 Indigenous languages in Canada in 2010, it concluded only a small handful — Cree, Ojibway, Oji-Cree, Inuktitut and Dene — remain strong and viable. Most were rated as "endangered."
Anishinaabemowin hangs on tenaciously, partly because it's spoken throughout the Great Lakes region of the U.S. and in Ontario and Manitoba. But in southern Ontario, the percentage of Anishinaabemowin speakers has declined about 60 per cent in the past 20 years, according to a recent survey by the Anishinabek Nation of its member First Nations.
The Truth and Reconciliation Commission recommended Indigenous languages must be recognized as "a fundamental and valued element of Canadian culture and society." Earlier this month, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau reassured the Assembly of First Nations that his government would soon enact its long promised Indigenous Languages Act.
Details remain vague. Will original languages of this country receive the same constitutional protections as English and French? Will the government provide sufficient funds for Indigenous language revitalization and preservation, as the TRC envisioned?
Whether the government intervenes or not, the more pressing question facing Indigenous peoples: can we as individuals find the time to nurture communities of speakers?
My Anishinaabemowin teacher Ninaatig has tattoos running up and down his arms, but one word inked on his hand stands out to me: "practice."
Honestly, I'm a less than faithful student. My job is demanding, and I keep missing class. It took me ages to understand I need to study at home if vocabulary is going to sink in.
Fortunately, there's an app for that.
Ninaatig, a tech-savvy millennial, uploaded nouns and phrases to an online learning tool. On my smartphone, I do flashcards, race against the clock, take quizzes. Analytics chart my progress, or lack thereof.
I have modest goals. I want to learn enough words to use in ceremonies one day, maybe carry on a short conversation.
I hope to enrol in an immersion course this summer – it seems the only way I can stop my English brain from taking over is to immerse myself in Anishinaabemowin. It scares me. I know too well how it feels to stand outside a circle of language speakers, a dumb smile masking my incomprehension.
When I need inspiration, I look to a message I scrawled on a sticky note:
"Pii gegoo zanagag aabdeg dibaadenimoying."
Roughly translated: "When something is difficult, it is good to be humble."
It's hard work. I will keep trying.
Because our languages are more than words: they help us define who we are, on our own terms.
The More than Words series about B.C. Indigenous languages is produced in partnership with the Reporting in Indigenous Communities course at UBC's Graduate School of Journalism. | <urn:uuid:70a06912-8074-4004-989b-dbb73e677971> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.cbc.ca/news/indigenous/indigenous-language-learning-anishinaabemowin-duncan-mccue-1.4664407 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.95236 | 2,016 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Women’s Reproductive Health
A woman’s reproductive systemexternal icon is a delicate and complex system in the body. It is important to take steps to protect it from infections and injury, and prevent problems—including some long-term health problems. Taking care of yourself and making healthy choices can help protect you and your loved ones. Protecting your reproductive system also means having control of your health, if and when, you become pregnant.
Women’s health and women’s reproductive health are high priorities for CDC’s Division of Reproductive Health. Our goal is to improve women’s health from menarche through menopause. CDC/DRH activities focus primarily on research about the following:
There are several safe and highly effective methods of birth control available to prevent unintended pregnancy. These include intrauterine contraception, hormonal and barrier methods, and permanent birth control (sterilization). Using effective birth control methods can greatly reduce the chances of having an unintended pregnancy. CDC’s Division of Reproductive Health has a long history of conducting epidemiologic studies on the safety and effectiveness of contraceptive methods. Results from these studies have informed contraceptive practices.
We monitor prevalence and treatment of depression among women of reproductive age and postpartum depression. Depression is common. Often, trying to get pregnant, being pregnant, or the birth of a baby can increase the risk for depression. Also, many women don’t know that depression sometimes happens with other events, such as losing a baby or having trouble getting pregnant. Women may also feel depressed for many other reasons—some may not even know why. There are ways to help you feel better, such as counseling or other treatments. Talking to your health care provider is a good first step if you think you may suffer from depression.
Get informed about contraception, preconception health, and pregnancy for people living with heart defects. If you’re living with a heart defect, you may need specialized medical care to manage your reproductive health and heart health.
Hysterectomy is the surgical removal of a woman’s uterus. The uterus is the place where a baby grows when a woman is pregnant. Sometimes the cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes are also removed. Hysterectomies are very common—1 of 3 women in the United States has had one by age 60.
Female genital mutilation or cutting (FGM/C) is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as “all procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons.” These procedures could mean piercing, cutting, removing, or sewing closed all or part of a girl’s or woman’s external genitals.
Infertility means not being able to get pregnant after 1 year of trying. If a woman is 35 or older, infertility is based on 6 months of trying to become pregnant. Women who can get pregnant but are unable to stay pregnant may also be considered infertile. About 10% of women (6.1 million) in the United States aged 15–44 years have difficulty getting pregnant or staying pregnant. CDC is committed to preventing infertility and its burden on women and families. We work with other federal agencies and nonprofit organizations providing data and evidence about infertility, including its causes and consequences.
Menopause is a normal change in a woman’s life when her period stops. A woman has reached menopause when she has not had a period for 12 months in a row. This often happens between 45–55 years of age. Menopause happens because the woman’s ovary stops producing the hormones estrogen and progesterone. | <urn:uuid:69971269-3910-4a73-b25b-b21921b79de6> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/womensrh/index.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.949568 | 766 | 3.453125 | 3 |
Exploring the Role of Spring Brake Chambers in Heavy-Duty Vehicles
Heavy-duty vehicles, such as trucks and buses, are the lifeblood of many industries, facilitating the movement of goods and people across vast distances. The safe operation of these massive vehicles is paramount, and at the core of their safety systems lies a critical component known as the spring brake chamber
Understanding Spring Brake Chambers
The spring brake chamber is an integral part of the air brake system in heavy-duty vehicles. This system is renowned for its reliability and efficiency in bringing these imposing machines to a stop. Spring brake chambers serve multiple essential functions, contributing significantly to the overall safety and functionality of heavy-duty vehicles.
Functionality and Operations
At its essence, the spring brake chamber plays a pivotal role in the braking functionality of heavy-duty vehicles. When the driver engages the brakes, whether for routine deceleration or in response to a sudden emergency, the spring brake chamber springs into action. It forms a crucial part of the air brake system, converting air pressure into mechanical force to activate the service brakes.
Parking Brake Engagement
Parking brakes are a vital safety feature in heavy-duty vehicles, especially when the engine is turned off. The spring brake chamber takes the lead in ensuring that these parking brakes engage securely. It accomplishes this task by storing energy in the form of compressed air, which is then utilized to activate the parking brakes effectively when needed.
In high-stress scenarios, such as brake system failures or abrupt stops, the emergency brakes become critical. Once again, the spring brake chamber assumes a central role in this function. It can be manually triggered by the driver or activated through safety mechanisms to bring the heavy-duty vehicle to a rapid and safe halt.
Perhaps one of the most crucial aspects of spring brake chambers is their role as a fail-safe mechanism. Even in the event of a loss of air pressure within the brake system, a situation that can arise due to various factors, the stored energy within the chamber's springs ensures that the parking and emergency brakes can still be applied. This redundancy is a vital safety feature, providing an additional layer of protection for drivers and fleet operators.
Maintenance and Care
To uphold the safety and efficiency of heavy-duty vehicles, regular maintenance and inspection of spring brake chambers are imperative. During routine checks, technicians verify that the chambers maintain the correct air pressure, inspect the condition of the springs, and ensure the chambers remain free from dirt and debris. Prompt attention and possible replacement are necessary in case of wear or damage to these components. | <urn:uuid:66818db8-78a7-4b35-b60f-f8e233787972> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.chinagstc.com/news/industry-news/exploring-the-role-of-spring-brake-chambers-in-heavyduty-vehicles.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.9202 | 524 | 3.015625 | 3 |
Marketing 101 | Storytelling Simplified
“It was the best of times. It was the worst of times.” – Charles Dickens
There is something compelling about a well-written opening line. It draws the reader in and entices them to ignore the ringing telephone, disregard the piles of laundry that need to be attended to, forget about the meeting that is scheduled for the morning. Often, the true test of a story’s worth can be seen when the reader reaches the last page and reacts in alarm at having no more pages to turn, no other source of information about the characters that they have been getting to know. Storytelling is powerful: it can propel a person to action, enlighten the readers and inform the audience about a topic. Entrepreneurs who wish to maximize their marketing efforts can learn a few lessons from beloved authors.
To begin a marketing campaign of storytelling, you must 1) understand the definition of marketing storytelling, 2) know why storytelling works, 3) learn how to craft a storytelling strategy, 4) know how to evaluate the success of a campaign, and, 5) be able to identify successful storytelling brands.
MARKETING STORYTELLING: THE DEFINITION
Storytelling is the process of making a connection with the customer first, and selling a product second. This method of marketing is contrary to most advertising programs, and often seems more like a creative writing program than a marketing strategy. Through skillful writing, however, a story is created that not only connects with customers; it establishes the company as a trusted resource. Properly done, the story is the primary focus and the product takes a backseat to the journey the story provides. A customer makes an emotional connection with the story, and the message is considered genuine. Interestingly, even though the customer is aware that the story is being used to ultimately sell something, they are still more inclined to purchase based on the connection they made through the story.
How can storytelling relate to marketing?
Knowing which type of story to tell is an important feature in using storytelling as a marketing tool. Storytelling comes in a variety of forms; the trick is in knowing which one is best suited to meet the needs of your marketing strategy.
One of the primary storytelling forms is the educational story. Using your marketing efforts to educate consumers provides your company with the opportunity to establish a trusted reputation as a source of valuable information. Educational storytelling can incorporate factual information about topics related to your business, use simple stories to communicate difficult concepts and use illustrations to demonstrate services.
Capitalizing on the current news of the day is another way to weave storytelling into your marketing strategy. Finding ways to tie current news stories into relevant pieces of information that will affect your customers is a smart way to use storytelling. Will new legislation affect how your business works? Does the new zoning plan change the type of business in a certain section of the city?
Client stories are another type of storytelling that can be a powerful marketing tool. As you develop a relationship with clients, you have opportunity to learn their stories – how they use your services or products, how you’ve helped them. Ask for permission to use their story, and then add it to your promotional materials. Use their success as an opportunity to showcase how you were able to help, letting potential customers know that you’ll do the same for them.
There are powerful stories that have been passed down through generations. These classic tales are often used as a means to communicate a deeper truth: slow and steady wins the race, you can do more than you think, you can’t please everyone, believe in yourself, for example. Using classic stories as a storytelling technique can be a powerful method of relating to your customers. Through recognizable stories, your customers will feel a connection to the company and be more inclined to purchase from you.
Customers who are looking for relevance and connection in their own lives are more likely to buy from a company that fills those basic needs. Sharing personal stories is one of the most powerful forms of storytelling because it demonstrates a level of transparency and vulnerability from the company. By allowing customers to see first-hand the tragedies and triumphs you’ve experienced, it cultivates trust and reliability, strengthening your relationship with them.
Marketing Storytelling: Tell Effective Marketing Stories
WHY STORYTELLING WORKS
Stories define the very essence of human life. Through stories, important lessons are shared, common values are identified and messages are communicated. Compelling stories create connections between people. When someone relates a story that you can identify with, even if you don’t know that person, you begin to feel a connection. The personal connection created by storytelling communicates authentic human experiences. Without using specific narrative, customers can identify ways that using a product or service benefits and enhances their life and are motivated to replicate the scenario in their own life.
Through the power of the internet, the global marketplace is growing. This creates opportunity for businesses to expand into new cultures, which can present new challenges for reaching the target market. Through the use of storytelling, however, a company can tap into the global themes that affect every culture and people group. Themes like family, love, friendship, overcoming challenges and others are common to every nation. Crafting stories that highlight these themes is a highly effective means of creating connections. These connections help to unite people in a global community. With the rising number of companies that are competing for the new global marketplace, it can be harder to set a company apart. The use of storytelling gives companies an edge and helps their voice to be heard over the crowd.
Relating to a customer through storytelling allows the company to use the personal interaction to change attitudes about products or services. Stories can provide customers with a new perspective on a company, giving them the opportunity to evaluate products from a new angle. Even if they previously had no interaction with a company, a compelling story can give the customer the incentive they need to become more engaged with the company.
CRAFTING A STORYTELLING MARKETING STRATEGY
Once you’ve decided to create a storytelling strategy, what are the steps you should take? What are the criteria for creating a compelling storytelling marketing campaign? By taking a few lessons from writers who have successfully crafted their marketing stories, any company can begin an effective campaign.
This may seem contradictory, when considering the creation of a storytelling campaign, but truth is essential in the marketing strategy. The story must include elements of reality, and that reality must be centered on the products or services that are offered. Even if the characters are fictional, the attributes of the product should be truthful and reliable. Successful stories must be consistent, show persistence, and exercise restraint. The stories should avoid confusion – they must stay true to the company ideals. If a company promotes healthy living, their marketing story should include that message. If the goal of the company is to encourage communication, the storyline should contain themes that support the goal.
Storytelling is not an advertisement or marketing pitch. It should create a persona that is identifiable with the company’s values, and be relatable to the customer. While it is not necessary to create a fictional character (Allstate’s Mayhem character is an example of this), it is important to include a character that drives the storyline. The character should be crafted to create an emotional connection with the audience, compelling them to take action.
The storyline marketing campaign should follow a traditional story with a beginning, middle, and end.
A story should begin with an introduction to the characters and setting. Conflicts and problems are introduced in the middle, and the resolution should be clear in the end. The story arc is important for customers to be able to follow and identify with, and instill the desire to share the story with others.
Cliffhangers are equal parts exciting and aggravating.
For the reader, getting to the end of a story with unresolved conflicts can be nerve wracking, especially when there is a delay before the next installment of the story is released. Generating that same level of excitement in a marketing campaign through storytelling can create compelling connections with customers. Leaving your customers (audience) with the feeling of wanting more is done through hooks in the storyline. Using teasers, “Coming soon” and other interest building techniques, your company can keep interest in the product and draw customers back repeatedly.
Storytelling (The Power of Telling Stories)
Every marketing strategy must be evaluated for success. Without recognizable benchmarks, the process of storytelling can seem labor intensive and costly, for questionable results. How can a storytelling campaign be evaluated?
When a storyline is successful, it will begin to draw attention from media outlets. One of the primary indicators of success is that other people begin talking about what your company is talking about. A conversation that begins with “Did you see that new commercial?” or in other ways indicates that the storyline is moving into the everyday life of individuals is a sure sign that the marketing campaign is working.
Media notoriety is not a sure-fire solution to generating sales, but it does help to generate interest in your product and company. Storytelling creates quality content, which creates better customer interactions. Those interactions can then spread through word of mouth, other social media tools and customer referrals, turning one storytelling campaign into a self-driving machine that continues to bring customer attention, even when the campaign is over.
ROI (Return on Investment)
Generating a buzz around a marketing campaign is exciting but ineffective if the audience doesn’t move into a new role as a customer. A simple poll of customers “Have you seen our new ad? What did you think?” is an easy way to gather feedback regarding the storytelling campaign. Tracking the impact of the campaign on profits can be difficult. However, a marked difference in sales before a campaign started and after the campaign launched can be a clear indication that storytelling is working. Through social media tools in combination with other marketing forms it is possible to determine the extent of your campaign’s reach and develop a good sense of the success of the strategy.
Recently, at a conference about global impact, the CEO of Levi Strauss (the jeans company) made an off-hand remark about the fact that his jeans (that he was wearing at the time) had never been washed in a washing machine. He went on to explain that machine washing wasn’t ideal for the proper care of jeans, and that jeans didn’t need washing as frequently as many people think. His statement became a manifesto and it went viral almost overnight. Suddenly, Levi’s had a story, and a compelling one, at that. They generated a marketing strategy about the company position on water-usage reduction, capitalized on the media attention already focused on the story and are promoting their jeans (as well as sustainability) on a different scale than ever before.
The mystery of storytelling: Julian Friedmann at TEDxEaling
SUCCESSFUL STORYTELLING BRANDS
Some of the world’s most successful brands have used storytelling marketing strategies for years. There is no standard industry – storytelling works for not-for-profit organizations as well as it does for-profit businesses. The only criterion is the presence of an audience, and a call to action that the customer can act on. Regardless of the product or service, creating a storyline that can be used to connect with the audience is one of the most effective marketing methods available. Investigating successful storytelling companies can give insight into how to put a storytelling strategy to work for your company.
Perhaps most noticeable about Apple’s marketing strategy is the lack of storytelling. Apple’s campaigns focus on one thing: their products. So, how did Apple land the number one spot on Marketingweek’s brand ranking research? Simple. Apple created a story that puts the consumer as the main character. Apple generates ad campaigns about people using their products in new, exciting and creative ways, and allows the audience to imagine themselves in the middle of the ad. Through Apple’s sense of company brand (innovative technology that changes the way people live), the ads show a multitude of ways that people can use their products in their everyday life. This form of storytelling is difficult to emulate and can backfire when not used consistently. Apple has effectively established itself as a storytelling master – leaving other companies to follow along in their wake and hope to catch up.
McDonald’s has long mastered the art of storytelling. Through their development of characters that eat at the restaurant for lunch, friends who bring each other dinner or share laughs over breakfast, McDonald’s has held a spot in the top five storytelling marketing campaigns. As a global company, they have successfully tied into the themes that affect the world, and have capitalized on their storytelling campaigns.
Coca-Cola recently unveiled a new initiative to promote its storytelling strategy. Through the use of multi-media approaches, they have created a story about friendship. Friends share laughter, events and memories, as well as a bottle of specially labelled Coca-cola products for “Friend”. Their bottle naming campaign is another method of bringing the global community together – everyone loves to have something personalized – why not your bottle of soda?
Macmillan Cancer Support
By using personal stories to draw interest in their non-profit organization, Macmillan Cancer Support is using storytelling to bring attention to the reality of cancer. Allowing the audience to share their own stories and anecdotal accounts provides a connection to the charity that often translates into donations. This non-profit organization has repeatedly outranked for-profit companies in their storytelling, a compelling reason to understand the power of the personal story and harness it for your company.
Incorporating storytelling into a marketing strategy provides another means of reaching potential customers. The truest forms of storytelling marketing are evidenced by the campaigns that leave the audience with strong emotional reaction. The commercials that bring viewers to tears, the print ads that are breathtaking, and the radio commercials that cause riotous laughter – storytelling is powerful and effective and can be used to generate customer connections and sales. Not only is storytelling better marketing, it is meaningful content that creates an authentic view of your company. Putting the ‘power of the pen’ to work for your company can bring long-lasting rewards, giving you a stronger profit margin and more effective communication with your customers.
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Welcome to the 15th episode of our podcast! You can download the podcast to your computer or …
Water, or to be precise, clean water is the elixir of life. Pure water is not just essential to … | <urn:uuid:7dc02ea2-75e2-47f0-aabb-35914c755ce7> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.cleverism.com/marketing-storytelling-simplified/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.951487 | 3,006 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Practice Constructing Notes on the G & F Clefs
The goal score is 15 out of 15 in under two minutes.
You will need to know Scientific Pitch Notation before taking these tests. If you don’t know it, read the Tiny Book titled What Scientific Pitch Notation Is & Why It Is Useful.
It might take you a couple of tries to get used to the SPN. Remember, SPN changes octaves at the C’s and NOT the A’s.
Be patient with yourself, and just start over as many times as you need to get a perfect score.
Practice Identifying the Notes C, D, & E by Listening
Goal score is 100%. The purpose of the game is to correctly identify the “question” note by its relationship to the “reference” note. In this case, the reference note will always be C, and the question notes will only either be C, D, or E.
Heads-up! It will take a few tries to figure out how to play this game! Be patient with yourself. The tricky thing about this exercise is that the moment you press your answer to the first question, the new pitch will be given. If you miss it, you can always click “question note” again.
Start the test over as many times as you need to get a perfect score.
Keyboard Reverse Identification
The goal score is 20 out of 20 in under two minutes. | <urn:uuid:0e991534-6cd7-4cb4-94fd-844f12049dcc> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.crescendomusicsystem.com/tenuto-practice/tenuto-practice-level-1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.929116 | 309 | 3.65625 | 4 |
You will be using this module activities booklet to complete the practice activities for submission.
Unless indicated otherwise by your teacher, use the rubric that follows the activity.
Instructions: Download the Module 1 Booklet
- Open the Module 1 Booklet that contains your practice activities.
- Save the completed PDF document to your course folder. You will be using this booklet to complete all the practice activities in this module.
- At the end of the module, you will upload your completed module booklet. (HINT: see the Activities video if you need a refresher on how to use the upload tool.)
People primarily raise and keep animals for human use or benefit. We typically keep dogs and cats for companionship, cattle and sheep for food or clothing and horses for work or recreation.
Animal owners are legally and ethically responsible for the care of their animals. But what does – and should – this care involve?
In this module, we identify and examine the elements of basic care necessary for domestic animals.
In this module you will:
- Describe basic elements of care essential for a domestic animal.
- Identify the Five Freedoms.
- Define what we mean by a domestic animal.
- Create a preliminary list of things to consider when caring for your horse.
Estimated Time Required
It is estimated it will take you approximately 90 minutes to complete this module. | <urn:uuid:8dad8b2a-ce91-4621-b1e0-27c936a03d4a> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.ctsanimals.ca/courses/1040equine-2/lessons/module-1-template-3/topic/m1-introduction-template-2-3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.860942 | 286 | 3.4375 | 3 |
Background: The project revolves around creating a corn holder that addresses the problem of corn falling inside a cylindrical furnace used by a corn vendor located in Bhopal. The team conducted user research by visiting different corn vendors in the local market to understand their challenges and needs. During their study, they met a vendor who used a cylindrical furnace but faced the issue of corn falling inside, and the need to remove it would result in burns. The team decided to design a product that would make it easy to roast and take out the corn without causing any harm.
Context: Street Vendors play a vital role in the urban economy, as a source of jobs, revenue and ‘value added’ to the economy. But street vendors face multiple challenges during their activities. To research the street vendors in Bhopal city and understand the challenges faced by the street vendors on daily basis.
To better understand the challenges faced by the students and the community, we prepared different questionnaires and engaged with all stakeholders involved. Through this process, we learned that electricity was a significant issue both at the school and in most of the children's homes, with many students having to do their homework after completing their household chores in the evening with only one lamp.
As part of our ideation and brainstorming, we came up with the idea of installing solar panels to help the students and their families generate their own energy. We wanted to take this a step further by teaching the students how to assemble their own solar lamps so that they could develop a useful skill that they could use to benefit their community in the future.
To implement this idea, we collaborated with an external organization called Durga Energy, which provided the necessary training and materials for free. On the day of the workshop, Rukmini Devi, the CEO of Durga Energy, came to the school to teach the students how to assemble their own solar lamps. The children were surprised and inspired to see someone from their own community leading the training session.
Overall, we believe that this project has the potential to benefit not only the students but also the wider community by promoting sustainable development practices and developing valuable skills that can be used to solve local challenges.
Design for Impact with Durga Energy showcases the power of collaboration to bring sustainable solutions to underserved communities. By engaging with all stakeholders, the school was able to understand the challenges and identify areas where they could make a difference. The school's efforts have not only improved the lives of the students but also empowered the community to work towards a better future. | <urn:uuid:4bc96f42-9782-440a-a636-e02c10a5abac> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.designforimpactindia.com/copy-of-dream-a-dream | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.970818 | 514 | 2.875 | 3 |
The geologic history of the surficial units of the Fairmount and Rehoboth Beach quadrangles is that of deposition of the Beaverdam Formation and its subsequent modification by erosion and deposition related to sea-level fluctuations during the Pleistocene. The geology reflects this complex history both onshore, in Rehoboth Bay, and offshore. Erosion during the late Pleistocene sea-level low stand and ongoing deposition offshore and in Rehoboth Bay during the Holocene rise in sea level represent the last of several cycles of erosion and deposition.
University of Delaware
Delaware Geological Survey Building
Newark, DE 19716
Mon - Fri; 8:00am to 4:30pm | <urn:uuid:fe0c92a4-cb2e-4372-b5fd-9c655118159b> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.dgs.udel.edu/publications/gm16-geologic-map-fairmount-and-rehoboth-beach-quadrangles-delaware | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.887985 | 147 | 2.703125 | 3 |
The Elizabeth Iron Furnace is representative of the importance of the iron industry in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia during the nineteenth century. Set along Passage Creek in the northern entrance to the Fort Valley in Shenandoah County, the furnace reflects the nationwide trends in furnace construction during this time period. It was built in the plan common to the early nineteenth century, and later altered in an attempt to compete with more modern iron production methods.
[VLR Listed Only]
Many properties listed in the registers are private dwellings and are not open to the public, however many are visible from the public right-of-way. Please be respectful of owner privacy.
VLR: Virginia Landmarks Register
NPS: National Park Service
NRHP: National Register of Historic Places
NHL: National Historic Landmark | <urn:uuid:5150020a-d3cb-4d50-89cd-a20a8de572e6> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/historic-registers/085-0940/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.937829 | 165 | 3.15625 | 3 |
Quick facts about the bright future of solar energy
Interest in solar energy is soaring – and for good reason.
Humans have harnessed the power of the sun since time immemorial, using it to tell time and start fires. And we’ve only gotten better at it. These days, we use photovoltaic (PV) panels to generate renewable solar energy, but the idea is basically the same. We’re using one of the most abundant energy sources to create a more comfortable and environmentally friendly way of life.
Solar power is a growing trend – globally, including in the United States. Since 2008, domestic solar installations have grown to an estimated 97.2 gigawatts, according to the Department of Energy.
Solar supplies a relatively small 3% of U.S. electricity, but it accounts for more than a third of all the new power plants built in this country.
Enough energy to power the world
In just one hour, more energy from the sun falls on the earth than is used by everyone in the world in an entire year. The challenge is how to efficiently collect, convert and store all that energy.
Give it back to the grid
Did you know that unused energy from a solar-powered home gets sent back to the grid? If your state has “net metering” – and most do – you get a credit on your power bill. For those without net metering, batteries can be installed to store solar energy for later use.
Taking up valuable land is not necessary. The cost of solar systems on residential rooftops has dropped nearly 70%since 2014. A 5kW system would total about $20,000 before tax credits, and $14,000 after. (The federal solar tax credit reduces cost by 30%, and some states, local governments and utilities offer other rebates and credits that can further reduce costs.)
Despite being dubbed the Sunshine State, Florida does not lead the U.S. in solar power – it’s California. And globally, it’s China with the U.S. and India right behind. However the highest penetration, around 10%, is in smaller countries such as Greece and Honduras.
Sources: Raymond James research; scientificamerican.com; energy.gov; thoughtco.com; census.gov; uwsp.edu; news.energysage.com | <urn:uuid:78bfa7c5-1b1b-4c38-8b7e-5afb56daf645> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.douglascapitalmanagement.com/resources/2022/04/29/quick-facts-about-the-bright-future-of-solar-energy | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.935184 | 490 | 3.078125 | 3 |
There is more water than land in north Bihar. The rivers that ramble down from the Himalaya feed numerous depressions scattered all over the plains making wetlands innumerable, one of the most productive ecosystems on Earth. Rich in flora and fauna, it is here that makhana (foxnut) fruit is cultivated, and the lesser-known singhara (water chestnut), too. Fishing is one of the most important sources of income. Unfortunately, in the last few decades many of the waterbodies have either dried up or have been reclaimed for agriculture. The rest have been reduced to cesspools of foul-smelling filth. The fragile interface between land and water is threatened, and along with that, the lives of the thousands of people who depend on them. Policy-makers do not realise that this part of the state has a water economy, not a land economy. The poverty of the state reflects the mental poverty that goes into planning for north Bihar
The vanishing lakes
The Sahanis are known as "masters of water". This fishing community had been living in the wetlands of north Bihar for aeons, relying on them for sustenance. They did so by fishing or helping people cross the surging rivers that crisscross the floodplain. Or by displaying their art of trapping birds. They often got invites from faraway places such as Chilika in Orissa and Keoladeo National Park in Rajasthan to ensnare birds for scientific purposes. But now their skill no longer protects them from hard times. The lakes have been drained. As a result, the fish stocks have reduced drastically, and the birds have stopped visiting them. Most of the community members have already ventured out to do what their forefathers never did: work as labourers in faraway places like Delhi and Punjab.
The chaurs (tectonic depressions), mauns (oxbow lakes) and freshwater bodies that dot north Bihar were previously inundated by overflow from the rivers and local monsoon runoff. Their principal function was to act as sponges and they were nature's own initiative at flood control. Human intervention has seriously impaired this function. Setting up of embankments, roads and railways, have contributed considerably to waterlogging. Reclamation of depressions has compounded the problem.
According to A K Narayanan, former director (conservation and survey) in the ministry of environment and forest (MEF), India has about 4.1 million hectares (mha) of wetlands -- 1.5 mha natural and 2.6 mha human-made. The largest wetland regime of India is the Indo-Gangetic flood plain, of which Bihar accounts for 273,395 ha.
The wetlands of north Bihar are dependent upon six major tributaries of the Ganga flowing out from the central Himalaya on to the plains between the Nepalese border, and the Ganga itself. From the Gandak river in the west to the Mahananda river in the east, the northern part of the Gangetic plains is studded with numerous small freshwater lakes and chaurs, the vast majority of which are oxbow lakes marking the historical courses of the Bayanadi, Burhi Gandak, Sapt Kosi and Mahananda rivers. Most of the lakes are 100-200 ha, but some exceed 1,000 ha in area. There are more than 14,000 ha under chaurs in Darbhanga district alone. The other major lake Kawar in Begusari district, covering an area of 7,400 ha. It is considered one of South Asia's largest freshwater lakes.
Moreover, Bihar also has vast areas under diara and tal lands. Diara is land situated between natural levees or embankments. Floods are an annual feature in diaras. They are periodically eroded or formed due to a river's changing course. Diaras have not been surveyed well, but it is estimated that it accounts for 0.863 mha. Tal lands, bowl-shaped depressions, are found in natural levees of rivers and inundated by backwaters. This land is subject to prolonged flooding. An estimated 80,000-100,000 ha is under tals.
The state government has declared nine wetlands covering an area of 12,500 ha as protected sanctuary. These include Kusheshwarsthan in Darbhanga, Kawar Jheel Bird Sanctuary in Begusarai, Barella Salim Ali Zubba Sahni Bird Sanctuary in Vaishali district, Nagi Dam Bird Sanctuary and Nakti Dam Bird Sanctuary in Jamui, Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary in Bhagalpur, Udaypur Bird Sanctuary in West Champaran, Udhuwa Lake Bird Sanctuary in Sahebganj and Gogabil Pakshi Vihar in Katihar districts. Seven of these protected areas are bird sanctuaries. But as far as government role in their conservation goes, they have done nothing other than notify them protected. "Total investment for their conservation is not more than Rs 50 lakh till date and this money is still lying in government treasuries," says Murarji Mishra, advisor, forest and environment, government of Bihar.
Today, many of these waterbodies have either dried up or have been reclaimed for agriculture. The rest have become breeding grounds for mosquitoes and a plethora of weeds.
There is water everywhere. But very few know how to make a living from them. Dryland agriculture does not help them survive because for about half the year their fields are submerged. Many of them live off fishing. This activity is restricted to September-January only. And that, too, thanks to a government policy, fishing cannot be done in areas which have more than one metre water. When the water crosses the one metre mark, it becomes government-owned, is auctioned to a contractor who sub-lets it to the fisherfolk again.
Besides fishing, cultivation of makhana (Euryle ferox) is another vocation. Perhaps Bihar is the only place in the world, where the fruit is cultivated on a commercial scale (see box: Damp growth).
Wetlands are also home to a large range of birds, mammals, amphibians, fish, insects, crustaceans and reptiles; and a variety of medicinal plant species used by the rural masses to treat many kinds of disorders. Some of the best known species that have therapeutic values include pistia (Pistia stratiotes), tholkuri (Hydrocotyle asiatica) and kesuti (Eclipta alba). Pistia, for instance, has been used for centuries to cure skin diseases, dysentery and asthma.
Sadly, policy-makers and planners fail to understand this ecosystem: the fact that it provides a means of sustenance to thousands of people in one of India's most populated states. Flood control measures do not take the fragile ecosystem into consideration. There is no one informing the land-hungry people that dryland agriculture is unsuitable for a wetland regime. Only those who survive on wetlands know that a hectare under pisciculture provides more in terms of money than a hectare undeer rice. But agricultural scientists and planners do not seem to understand the logic. They fail to realise that if an effort is made to understand the wetland ecology, it could bring prosperity to the region. That wetlands play a vital role in the state's ecology and economy. That north Bihar has a water economy, not a land economy.
"The people of Bihar can ill-afford to lose their wetlands. The long-term dangers of upsetting Bihar's water system are also not difficult to visualise," says Luvkumar Khacher, a member of the committee set up in the 1970s to advise the state government on making Kawar lake a protected wetland. "The importance of wetlands in maintaining the watertable over an extensive area of north Bihar can also not be negated. Any ill-advised draining will induce a remorseless drop in the watertable," he warns. Obviously, there is no one to listen to his presage.
Besides rampant reclamation, a host of other problems plague the wetlands. Generally inaccessible to law-enforcing authorities, they are becoming the hotbed for anti-social activities. Gang fights that were never heard of earlier are now a norm in almost all the wetlands. In 1999, Lallu Yadav, a known dacoit, was killed near Samastipur during an altercation over the rights over a weed, munj (Saccharum munja), used for thatching roofs and commonly found in the nearby wetlands. Available for free in earlier times, of late the local mafia has started to charge a price for the weed. The diara and tal areas are worst affected. Says Arvind Mishra, secretary, Mandar Nature Club, Bhagalpur. "There is a lot of problem in working in these areas due to the mafia presence. We have been surrounded and fired at by them."
Sunil Kumar Choudhary, professor, T N B College, Bhagalpur says, "Fisheries have also been taken over by the mafia. Now, fisherfolk have to take permission from the mafia and pay them for fishing."
Most of the lakes are contaminated due to agricultural runoff and domestic sewage. Some of the small ponds are in such a bad shape that they are not suitable for human use, even for washing and cleaning purposes. The general causes were found as inflow of chemical fertilisers and pesticides from nearby agricultural fields. Besides, solid wastes and domestic wastewater also find their way into the nearby lakes. Navin Kumar Singh, a researcher from the Bihar State Pollution Control Board, Patna, says, "These waterbodies, which are the drinking water source in rural areas, are getting poisoned. We haven't done any scientific study but there is no doubt about this."
Eutrophication, commonly referred to as the ageing process, is another result of pollution. A process in which the lakes become rich in nutrients and support a dense plant population that kills animal life by depriving them of oxygen, eutrophication is gradually turning the lakes into marshes before completely drying them. Shishir Kumar Verma, professor of zoology at the Biotoxin Research Laboratory, L N M University, Darbhanga, studied some of the lakes of the district and found three of them full of the toxic cyanobacteria (Nostoc oscillatoria) bloom. He also noticed eutrophication spreading fast to other ponds and lakes. "This is a major threat to aquaculture," he says.
The massive inflow of silt is also decreasing the depth of the lakes. Says D N Singh, assistant conservator of forests, Begusarai, "There is no scientific study on this aspect, but we have observed that every year about 3.8 cm of silt is deposited in the Kawar lake The silt inflow increases soil fertility and makes the people want more land than ever."
The best way to protect wetlands is not by legislation but by making people aware of what they stand to lose if this ecosystem perishes. "An awareness generation programme should, therefore, be given top priority," says Mishra. Udhuwa Bird Sanctuary Conservation programme taken up by Mishra's Mandar Nature Club is working towards this direction. The general awareness campaign has changed the fate of the sanctuary. Now the people identify themselves with the sanctuary and are keen to participate in various conservation activities. But elsewhere in north Bihar, the picture is not the same (see box: Drying wetlands).
It is time policy-makers and scientists woke up to the irreparable destruction taking place in north Bihar. All this requires a comprehensive survey of the wetland areas, identification of biodiversity and potentiality of different species; promoting scientific cultivation of the already cultivated plants, fishes and molluscs; introducing cultivation of potential non-cultivated species for food, fodder and medicinal use; strengthening cooperatives, establishing more hatcheries and rehabilitation of old ones for assisting fisherfolk and marketing support; and promoting other avenues of employment like need based local agro industries.
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Comments are moderated and will be published only after the site moderator’s approval. Please use a genuine email ID and provide your name. Selected comments may also be used in the ‘Letters’ section of the Down To Earth print edition. | <urn:uuid:46f3abab-b85e-40e3-ad92-7ca5bff5c5a7> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.downtoearth.org.in/coverage/the-vanishing-lakes-18559 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.95691 | 2,627 | 3.328125 | 3 |
Researchers believe that blood type can have a real influence on your health. In fact, blood type may be linked to a risk of developing certain diseases. The American Red Cross notes that common blood types are A+, A-, B+, B-, AB+, AB-, O+, O- with the differences of the various blood types being the presence or absence of certain molecules called A or B antigens, as well as a protein called the Rh factor. These differing antigens make an effect beyond more than just your blood type.
So what determines your blood type? Heredity. One’s natural parents determine the type of blood you have. Many combinations can be made from parents and in fact if both parents have the same blood type, this may not necessarily mean that their child will have the same type as them. Parents who both are type A may have a type A or type O child. And parents who both have type B may have a child with either type B or O. Yet parents that are both type O will probably have an O type child. If parents have a combination of type A and type B, a child may be A, B or O blood type.
Donating blood is a great way to learn your blood type if you do not know what blood type you are. It is reported that each year 4.5 million lives are saved with blood transfusions. Human blood cannot be manufactured, people are the only source of it and that is why it is important to donate blood to help those who need it. O negative blood can be used for any blood transfusion and there is always a demand for it.
Here are four ways your blood type and your health may be connected:
Heart Attack and Heart Disease
It seems clear that your blood type is related to your heart since the heart pumps blood to the rest of the body. Your blood type can increase the risk for conditions such as heart attack and heart disease. There is a gene called the ABO gene — a gene that is present in people with A, B, or AB blood types. The only blood type that doesn’t have this gene is type O. If you have the ABO gene and especially if you live in an area with high pollution levels, you may be at a greater risk of heart attack than those who don’t have the gene. This same gene can also raise your risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). CAD develops when the arteries that supply blood to and from your heart harden and narrow, which can lead to a heart attack if they become blocked. Non-O blood types have 25 to 30 percent higher levels of blood-clotting proteins (known as von Willebrand factor and factor VIII). Those added blood clotting proteins means that people with A, B or AB blood types also have a 15 percent greater risk of dying from heart disease when compared to people with O blood types.
Brain Function and Memory Loss
The ABO gene also has an effect on brain function and memory loss. People who have A, B, and AB blood types are up to 80 percent more likely to develop cognition and memory problems (which can lead to dementia) compared to those with O blood type. Scientists believe the reason for this memory loss is the fact that the clotting proteins in the non-O blood type can lead to conditions like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes. These conditions can cause cognitive impairment and dementia. Blood type has been connected with strokes which can occur when the blood flow to the brain is disrupted.
There are many factors that have been connected with an increased risk of cancer. However, people with Type A blood have been found to have a higher risk of stomach cancer specifically, compared to those with other blood types. The ABO gene present in non-O blood types may play a role with this heightened cancer risk, as well. This gene has been linked to other cancers including lung, breast, colorectal, prostate, liver, and cervical cancers. This correlation has been researched for many years, and while studies continue to show a connection, there is no definitive explanation as to why the ABO gene might raise your risk for some cancers.
People with a blood type of A or B have an approximately 21 percent greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared to those with type O, according to a recent study. Those who were B positive had the highest odds. While scientists are not exactly sure why, one thought is that the blood type may influence the GI microbiome, which can affect glucose metabolism and inflammation. | <urn:uuid:acb1be10-ba88-45fc-a73a-245970933bbc> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.dreashealthcare.com/blood-type-your-health/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.958159 | 928 | 3.609375 | 4 |
Dry Ice Safety
Dry ice safety is very important. This product can be dangerous if not handled, stored, transported, or disposed of properly.
Fortunately, the hazards of dry ice are simple to understand and manage.
Safety around Children and Animals
Most importantly, do not allow children and animals around dry ice without adult supervision. It is dangerous to touch, eat, drink, and breathe in (the vapors from dry ice fog/clouds).
With that said, there are many great science experiments with cool effects to create using dry ice. As long as you are following proper safety guidelines, you should have a great experience.
Handling Dry Ice Properly
Dry ice is solid carbon dioxide at -109° Farhenheit. It is extremely cold. As a result, if it touches bare skin, it can cause severe damage very quickly. Though commonly referred to as a “burn,” the effect is actually more like frostbite.
For the safe handling of dry ice, wear heavy gloves, eye protection, long sleeves and pants, and closed-toe shoes.
Surfaces and Countertops
Due to the extremely low temperature that dry ice exists at, there is a danger that some materials that dry ice touches can be damaged. Do not place dry ice directly on a countertop, surface, or in a vessel made of ceramic, laminate, tile, crystal, glass, and thin or brittle plastic.
For example, wood, without laminate or veneer, is a good surface to work on. You may want to use a small, portable piece of wood that you don’t need for other uses.
Contact with food and drink
Just like you should not eat or drink anything with dry ice in it, dry ice can have the same burning effect on food that it has on the skin. For example, if using dry ice to keep food or drinks cool, place a barrier of some kind between them. Also, if using blocks of dry ice to cool food in a cooler, wrap the ice in newspaper and place a layer of towels between the ice and food.
Though the fog effect of putting dry ice in a drink is cool, even small bits of the ice that break off can accidentally be swallowed with the drink. Therefore, proper dry ice safety means do not place dry ice in something that will be swallowed.
The cool dry ice punch bowls that are popular at Halloween are made by separating the dry ice (with water) in a larger bowl, and the drink in a smaller bowl set inside of it. Above all, the dry ice should never touch the liquid for drinking inside the smaller bowl.
Here is a dry ice safety data sheet provided by Continental Carbonic.
Treating Dry Ice Injuries
Dry ice “burns,” if minor, can be treated similarly to other kinds of burns with an antibiotic ointment and gauze or a bandage. Dry ice burns may cause blisters. Avoid popping or rupturing the blister if possible. See a doctor if you’re not sure what to do about a dry ice burn.
If dry ice is swallowed, call 911 and see a doctor immediately.
Do not lay in or breathe in the clouds of fog from dry ice. It is highly concentrated carbon dioxide (CO2) and can cause asphyxiation. If you feel dizzy, light-headed, or disoriented at all around dry ice, call 911 immediately.
Storing Dry Ice Safely
Never put dry ice in a sealed container, small or large, without some sort of ventilation. Do not store dry ice in the freezer or refrigerator as the low temperature can cause the entire appliance to switch off. When dry ice sublimates, it releases CO2 which can increase pressure in the container causing it to burst.
Therefore, do not use or store dry ice in a basement.
It is okay to store dry ice in an insulated, polystyrene container or a small cooler like you may take on a picnic or camping. In other words, do not use a cooler that locks closed without ventilation.
If storing dry ice in a small, enclosed room or space, the space may fill with CO2 and cause anyone entering or in the room to have trouble or stop breathing. Therefore, always work with, transport, store, and dispose of dry ice in a well-ventilated area.
Dry ice can take anywhere from a few hours to a couple of days, depending on how much you have, to completely evaporate. In addition, blocks of dry ice will go slower than pellets will. Therefore, breaking up blocks into smaller chunks can help you to dispose of them quicker.
Transporting Dry Ice Safely
Above all, when transporting dry ice, always bring with you safety equipment like gloves, eye protection, and a ventilated container to hold the ice secure. Secondly, if the dry ice will be in a vehicle with you, roll down the windows enough to ventilate the cabin. The dry ice will be sublimating into CO2, and you don’t want to pass out on the way home.
Disposing of Dry Ice
In conclusion, when you’re done using the dry ice, allow it to evaporate in a well-ventilated area where no children, animals, or adults who are unfamiliar with it will happen across it. The dry ice will just sublimate (evaporate) away into nothing.
Finally, do not put dry ice down a sink, toilet, or tub drain, or in a trash can. | <urn:uuid:1bed9bad-fc61-45ac-9fb2-0af369291dad> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.dryiceadvice.com/dry-ice-safety/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.924059 | 1,146 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Pro-Kurdish Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) Deputy Garo Paylan tabled a motion to open a parliamentary inquiry into the exile of the Armenian people from their homeland on the anniversary of the Armenian Genocide.
"The process that started on April 24, 1915 on the orders of the government led to the exile of Armenian politicians, intellectuals and authors from their historical homelands and their massacre through migration," Diyarbakir lawmaker Paylan noted in his parliamentary inquiry.
The policy of systematic destruction that Armenians were subjected to was deemed a genocide at parliaments around the world, as well as in the United Nations, Paylan noted.
However, the events of 1915 have never been investigated at the Turkish Parliament, which has deprived the Armenian people of their right to justice, Paylan added.
"The justice that Armenians have been waiting for over a century could only be granted in the Turkish Parliament and in the collective conscience of Turkey's peoples."
77 percent of the Armenian population of the Ottoman Empire disappeared between 1914 and 1917, and the Assyrian, Yezidi and the Greek Orthodox communities were devastated, the motion noted.
"The discussion of the Armenian Genocide, which has been ignored and denied every time it came up, is essential in establishing societal peace in these lands and for the truth to come out."Turkey summons U.S. ambassador over Armenian genocide resolutionThe solution to the genocide issue lies on Anatolian soil | <urn:uuid:53ba1781-56af-4a53-a163-51ccdc88ec47> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.duvarenglish.com/politics/2020/04/24/hdp-deputy-puts-forward-motion-at-turkish-parliament-on-105th-anniversary-of-armenian-genocide | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.971594 | 297 | 2.609375 | 3 |
The Future of International Teaching and Learning
Due to the pandemic, we have all had to adapt, evolve, and grow flexibly to fit the changes that came across all areas of our lives.
For the sphere of education, this presented some initial overarching challenges. However, schools across the globe have been able to adjust and respond incredibly quickly to an ever-changing situation. For the majority of educators and students, this meant an entirely new way of teaching and learning.
The ISC recently published a report, "Teaching and learning in international schools," discussing how the pandemic has been a catalyst for change for many schools and education systems, focusing on the use of technology within education.
ISC Research conducted a survey that spanned 69 countries across the globe, with 88% of participants being members of their school’s SLT.
Unsurprisingly, most international schools didn’t offer a blended or hybrid learning model prior to the pandemic. The most common strategies used pre-pandemic began were classroom instruction integrating online resources selected by the individual teacher (83% of respondents), and project-based or problem-based learning (68% of respondents). Most international schools were using a flipped classroom strategy and inquiry-based learning.
Now we are learning how to live with COVID-19 and develop a world that works around it. How does this influence teaching and learning? What have we learned from this pandemic that will create change?
What can we expect to change in international schools?
A significant number of international schools are planning to shift their teaching methods in the near future. More than half (51%) of respondents said their school is likely or very likely to move to a more blended or hybrid learning model within the next two years.
Different types of blended or hybrid learning strategies are being considered. The most likely solutions are classroom instruction integrating online resources selected by the teacher, project or problem-based models, flipped classrooms, self-directed learning, and supplemental blended learning.
Several schools intend to use self-directed learning solutions to broaden current subject offerings in the near future. One school plans to give some students a choice of the learning environment, offering some school-based online courses that students can elect to take in place of an onsite class.
One school summed up a common view: “The key is to create a more systematic offer; a more intentional design.”
Naturally, the cause for this mainly stems from the pandemic, being the most prevalent significant influence impacting change across schools.
How will teaching and learning content develop?
According to the ISC report, teaching and learning content is increasingly incorporating additional collateral to help students develop what international schools consider to be essential knowledge and skills. These content themes vary, but the research identified common areas of focus that are particularly aligned to the international school market. A huge 89% of respondents stated that global context is incorporated into their school’s teaching and learning. 82% said that their teaching and learning includes a focus on host country culture, with 58% stating they incorporate mother-tongue learning support, and 41% integrating bilingual provision.
The development of life skills is also valued and encouraged by most international schools. 81% of all respondents stated that their teaching and learning includes the development of ethical values. An impressive 87.5% of respondents claimed that their schools include wellbeing in their teaching. This is a prominent topic that we have mentioned before in a previous blog exploring the future of international schools. The report mentions that an international school in the UAE plans to appoint a “Director of wellbeing – to continue to improve the quality of learning life.” We expect that we will see more of these roles develop in the future.
Regarding how the delivery of teaching and learning is developing, the survey found that a priority for 68% of the respondents is the development of teaching and learning in a way that supports community wellbeing. Overall, we can clearly see that wellbeing and development of the whole learner are shaping the future of teaching.
What are the changes in teaching roles and school leadership?
According to the research, upskilling teaching staff in line with new developments in teaching and learning will be achieved by international schools in a range of ways. Most professional development decisions are led by school leadership. 79.5% of respondents said that a whole school continual professional development program involving all teaching staff either online or in-person is an approach they will use.
37% of respondents said their school has introduced a new leadership role within the last two years that is specifically focused on technology supporting the teaching and learning within the school. According to the report, several other international schools are planning to appoint tech-focused leadership positions. For 66% of the participating schools, a future priority is the development of teacher skills in the use of a range of educational technology to support teaching and learning.
How can international schools and educators grow?
We can take away several recommendations relating to this research.
- Schools should consider the teacher skills needed for teaching in a blended learning environment. These include technology, content and pedagogical skills.
- Leadership roles dedicated to teaching and learning, and increasingly dedicated to tech-focused teaching and learning are emerging. This should be a priority consideration for schools in the future.
- Schools should use all the available data to improve formative assessment and inform teaching and learning.
- Encouragement from schools should be given to more teachers to take part in leadership or school-level decision-making.
- Schools could consider providing mentoring for all teachers, not just new teachers.
- Schools could make use of online professional development offerings to remove many of the barriers that educators report prevent their access to professional development.
How can we support your school?
At Edmentum, we support schools to future-proof education delivery and prepare for any eventuality. All products across our portfolio fully support distance, hybrid or virtual learning, enabling flexible education continuity at all times. With the support of our products, students can learn, maintain progress and development from anywhere. | <urn:uuid:2a0f59eb-e2e1-47ad-8e28-2a01ea53c94e> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.edmentum.com/articles/the-future-of-international-teaching-and-learning/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.964606 | 1,234 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Washington State History
Washington State History is a one-semester course that traces the state's history, geography, government, and economics from the pre-Columbian era through the present. Students examine struggles to control territory in the Pacific Northwest, the conflicts and treaties that pushed Washington's indigenous tribes onto reservations, and the statehood movement. In the 20th century, Washington became a center for agriculture, technology, and aerospace industries. Students learn how Washington's unique location and natural resources have long influenced its economic development, along with the state’s demographic diversity, and evolving interaction between people and the environment.
The course emphasizes the development of historical analysis skills, such as using chronology and periodization, and the interwoven strands of history, geography, government, and economics. Skills and strands are applied in written assignments that guide learners step-by-step through problem-solving activities. | <urn:uuid:ea4cc76c-0d31-4102-bd30-8f94c3d0af99> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.edmentum.com/course/washington-state-history/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.931022 | 183 | 3.28125 | 3 |
Health and safety rules in the workshop
You have to fill in the blanks with the suitable words about safety and hygiene rules in the classroom workshop.
technology Recommended age: 13 years old
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Compete against your friends to see who gets the best score in this activity | <urn:uuid:14c08bcc-1a97-4f5c-a9eb-6965a974b1fc> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.educaplay.com/learning-resources/2814734-safety_and_hygiene_rules.html?rel=act2409854 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.931312 | 117 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Different Types of Granulation and Compression Machine used in Pharmaceutical Industry
Granulation and compression are two very important processes that are carried out extensively by most pharmaceutical companies. However, the theory of granulation is little understood and the selection of a particular machine and granulation method, is often done on the basis of tradition, rather than by using strict scientific or cost-benefit criteria. The basic techniques have changed dramatically in recent years and granulation for controlled release, extrusion, spheronisation, fluidisation techniques, spray drying, melt extrusion, oral dispersion technology and roller compaction are new technologies that are increasingly being used in modern pharmaceutical production, which exhibit many advantages over previously available techniques. Here some advanced granulation and compression machine are described below :
Tablet Granulation Machine
A high-shear mixer disperses, or transports, one phase or ingredient (liquid, solid, gas) into a main continuous phase (liquid), with which it would normally be immiscible. A rotor or impellor, together with a stationary component known as a stator, or an array of rotors and stators, is used either in a tank containing the solution to be mixed, or in a pipe through which the solution passes, to create shear. A high-shear mixer can be used to create emulsions, suspensions, lyosols (gas dispersed in liquid), and granular products. It is used in the adhesives, chemical, cosmetic, food, pharmaceutical, and plastics industries for emulsification, homogenization, particle size reduction, and dispersion
Oscillating Granulator Machine
Oscillating Granulator Machine:-
These are robust in construction, durable in nature, highly efficient and dependable. Known for their compact designs, these offer continuous oscillating stirrers drive. Granulators are offered with following features:
- Easy to clean
- Entire working zone and stirrer can be dismantled quickly without using spanners
- Simple screen holding and tensioning device
- Availability of different mesh size of screen
- Long life and economic cost of screen
Fluid Bed Top Spray Granulation
Granulation can be performed using fluid beds fitted with spray nozzles. During the last 10 years, fluid beds have improved dramatically in response to single pot technology competition. It is possible to have completely closed material handling by a closed linking with upstream and downstream equipment. Also, fully automatic cleaning (cleaning-in- place [CIP] and wash-in-place [WIP]) in fluid beds using stainless steel filters now compares favourably with what is possible in a single pot.
Roto Cube: High Shear Granulator and Single-pot Processor
Roto Cube is an all-in-one granulation solution guaranteeing high flexibility for both wet and single-pot processes, allowing quick maintenance operations and high percentage of material yield.
The machine is very compact as it has been designed to contain all its components in the same housing: processing bowl, filters, mill, discharge valve and heavy duty components. The bowl can be lifted to set the height according to each phase of the process, including discharge as high as the receiving bin, and can be fitted with a tilting system for a gentle treatment of granules and shortening the drying time.
All parts of Roto Cube are easily accessible with no need of lifting platforms and the machine can be simply integrated in plants where a maximum level of containment is required.
GZL series granulator pharmaceutical machine
Making granules from dry power directly without any bonding agent and to carry out the 2nd heating and drying.The strength of granule can be adjusted by pressure of rollers so as to control strength of granule.Sand-shaped irregular granules are produced.Large productive capability due to continuous production, high degree of automation to suit automatic production.
Except those dangerous materials that are subject to explosion due to crushing and rubbing, most part of dry power materials can be directly granulated by this machine can also be suited for granulation of heat sensitive materials.
HSD-100 Pharmaceutical Granule Mixing Machine(FDA&cGMP Approved)
This machine is mainly used in blending of solid particle and dust powder materials as the main equipment in the pharmaceutical laboratory. It is also widely used in food and chemical industries.
This machine is reasonable in structure stable in performance and easy in operation without dead angles and exposed screws. It adopts full automatic PLC control and is equipped with discharging butterfly valve as anti- misoperation device to ensure production safety.
Different working procedures in the same container effectively prevent prowder dust and cross contamination caused by frequent material feeding and transfer and reduces material loss at the same time Material layering control optimizes production process, fully complying with GMP requirements in drug production.
Multifunctional pelletizing granulating coating machine
1.Combine multifunctions of pelletizing, granulating, coating ,mixing and drying,
2.reduce steps of techniques,process of contamination, and the degree of labor.
1.Tangent spray technique: pelletizing, covering, coating
2.Top spray technique: granulating
3.Bottom spray technique: coating
LDP fluid granulating coating machine
2. uniform,continuous film clothing
3.No loss of coating materials, low production costs
Bottom-spray fluidized, the material has a strict running track, thus eligible for the uniform, continuous film clothing,Powder granules, pills mask flavor, moisture, oxidation, waterproof, anti-heat, coloring isolation coating. No loss of coating materials, low production costs
Fog particles reach the material line is short, no “spray drying” problem cylindrical container or inverted cone speed reducer design, viable particles, big grain, granule, pellet coating materials, excellent dispersion, non-adhesion phenomena.
Fluidized bed coating machine coating technology is the combination of spray technology and integrating the new particle coating equipment, widely used in film slow release, slow release matrix capsules, coated pills, granules, powder body coating.
FLP Series Granulating Pelletor Coater Pharmaceutical Machinery
The purified and heated air passes through the gaps of ring and enters into the container. The raw material in the container appears the state of boiling. Because of the rotating of distribution plate, the raw material undertakes the effect of gravitation itself, buoyancy of air, circular centrifugal force and friction acts circular round movements.
1.Granulating and coating for powder material
2.Granulating and coating for flow immersed paste of Chinese traditional medicine
3.Can prepare and coat granule of 50um
4.Can prepare porous quick solving granule, multi-layer low releasing and control releasing coating, ball granule and coating
5.Can prepare compact ball(pellet)granule and coating.
6.Dry powder, granule and mass shape material
Tablet Compression Machine
Rotary Tablet Press Machine/Tableting compressing machine
That machine is a double-pressing automatically rotary continuous tablet pressing. It is suitable for Industries, such as Chemical, Foodstuff, Electronic, Daily Chemical, Powder Metallurgy, etc.
It is a kind of machine equipped with double press automatic rotated serial sheeter and it can make the granular material produce to all as sortments of tablets, sheet candy, calcium tablet, double side sheet(printed letter on both sides) and so on. It is suitable for pharmacy, chemical industrial, food stuff, electronic, plastic powder, metallurgy etc. fields.
1.The machine designed for fully enclosed structure;it has the advantage of good appearance in design,high efficiency,lower energy consumption and etc.
2.The material contact parts is made of stainless steel,the surface of turntable deal with polished to prevent cross pollution which meet the GMP requirements.
3.It’s equipped with Plexi-glass perspective window for tablet producing observation Eacwoning and maintenance.
4.Driving system is equipped with oil box and running under oil,easy for heat dissipation and durable,non-pollution.
5.It adopts import frequency timing,with hydraulic system.
6.With the Over-loading protection.
Double Rotary Tablet Press
- Weight and thickness settings can be done from control knobs situated on the front panel.
- Force feeder system.
- Turret with lower Punch seal
- Safety interlocking for Upper & Lower Guard
- Gravity Feeding System
- Upper Roller with Penetration Adjustment System
- Control Panel with By pass Switches
- Control Panel with Separate display for Tablet Count and RPM
- Fixed Hopper with slide to control power flow
- Re-designed variable speed pulley
- Turret of SRIRON 400/12 grade casting
- Auto Lubrication with timer & metering cartridges
- Cam tracks & pressure rolls made out of alloy steel for maximum wear resistance and long life. Worm is made up of Phosphor Bronze
- Higher Turret speed 15 to 35 RPM
- Phosphor bronze bush provided inside the turret hold
- Lower Punch Cam can be removed without dismantling Lower Roller Assembly.
HEAVY DUTY TABLET MACHINE
This machine is useful for Pharmaceuticals, Plastic, Bakelite, and Confectionery, Electronic Ferrite, catalysts (Flux), Ceramics, Air Fresheners and various other industries.
- Robust & Compact Design
- Easy & Simple Operation
- No skilled labour is required
Double side ejectors provided
Production Application – Single Rotary Tablet Compression Press machine is widely used in Pharmaceutical industry for moderate scale out put. Its videly used for Vitamins & other applications.
Special Features –
- Spuare Compact Model comply GMP Norms.
- High out put with less maintenance.
- Easy to change over.
- Easy VFD Speed control
- Safety interlock guard.
- Effective dust extraction nozzle provided.
- Optional – Pre-Compression, Force Feeder, PLC Control. | <urn:uuid:d1d18958-1929-4b1a-b1b6-d434fdf7fb2c> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.educarnival.com/different-types-of-granulation-and-compression-machine-used-in-pharmaceutical-industry/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.878455 | 2,095 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Mathematics being a key subject in academics, nothing should be neglected if success is to be attain. Every topic has its own importance, as well as applications. Which means each topic ought to be taken seriously.
Although there are topics that are quite technical and difficult to understand. But with consistent practise, it becomes easy. I know all these because I have passed through the process and I know what it feels like to study mathematics.
One of the topics that gave me hard time was learning how to prove two triangles are congruent. But when I did, solving questions related to congruent triangles became rather too easy. To aid the learning process for other mathematics students out there, I have decided to share how I was able to learn how to prove two triangles are congruent.
First of all, let’s try to understand what congruence is all about before learning how to prove two triangles are congruent.
What is congruence?
This is a mathematical term used to refer to when two separate triangles have their corresponding sides and angle equal to each other. When such occurs, these two triangles are said to be congruent of each other.
Having understood the basics of congruence and what it is all about, I think it’s time to know how it can be proved. Understand this can take quite tricky, but with the I will be breaking down the proving into simple terms, anyone going through this should be able to understand it perfectly well.
How is congruent of two triangles proved?
While trying to understand the basics of congruent of two triangles in order to help improve my knowledge of how it solved, I came about five different theorems which are, Side-Side-Side (SSS) Theorem, Side-Angle-Side (SAS) Theorem, Angle-Side-Angle (ASA) Theorem, Angle-Angle-Side (AAS) Theorem, and Hypotenuse-Leg (HL) Theorem. With these theorems, I was able to understand how it is proved.
To also help others learn, I will be explaining what I was able to understand from these theorems each at a time;
- Side-Side-Side (SSS) Theorem – This was the first way to prove two triangles are congruent that I discovered. Here, the three sides of the two triangles have to be proven to be congruent.
- Side-Angle-Side (SAS) Theorem – This particular theorem is another way to prove this. To prove this, two corresponding sides of the triangle and an angle which is inbetween the sides are congruent.
- Angle-Side-Angle (ASA) Theorem – Another way to understand this is that two angles and one side which is in between the angles of the two triangles has to be congruent. With this, these two triangles can be considered congruent.
- Angle-Angle-Side (AAS) Theorem – For this theorem to hold, two corresponding angles of two triangles and one side which is not in between the two angles have to be congruent.
- Hypotenuse-Leg (HL) Theorem – This is the last theorem and it is quite different from others. For this hold, the two triangles must be a right angle triangle and they must be the same in sides. Which means they both should have the same hypotenuse and sides..
Lastly, I also took note of two other ways of proving two triangles congruent that totally wrong. They are r Side-Side-Angle (SSA) and Angle-Side-Side (ASS). These two are not applicable, which implies that they shouldn’t be used. | <urn:uuid:901a4d8b-2e51-4230-a6df-d8814b605291> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.educationalstar.com/how-to-prove-two-triangles-are-congruent/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.965366 | 787 | 4 | 4 |
How Much Electricity Does A Space Heater Use?
When it comes to your electricity bill, your choice of electric appliances (and how effectively you use them) can have a significant impact. Electric space heaters provide a quick and efficient way to heat small to moderate-sized spaces and rooms in winter and have the added benefit of not requiring fuel to run.
However, this speed and convenience may come at a cost. So just how much electricity does a space heater use, and how can you use this knowledge to save money on your electricity bill? Well, if you use a space heater, read on to find out how this small device might heat up your home without heating up your wallet.
How Do Space Heaters Work?
Different types of space heaters are available in the market in terms of size, shape, output, and power consumption. They use either convection, radiant heat through infrared light, a fan, or another type of heating element to heat cool air, which rises and makes way for cool air to come in and also get heated, working to minimize heat loss and block out cold drafts.
Electric heaters also beat out other varieties of the heater, being more efficient than gas heaters (which tend to leak heat), and by not producing fumes like older portable heaters, such as kerosene heaters for example.
How Much Electricity Does A Space Heater Use?
The first element in finding out how much electricity your space heater uses is the wattage. This can be found on the product’s label, in the manual, on the manufacturer’s website, or by contacting the heater company directly. Space heaters usually range from 750 to 1 500 watts. Most electric space heaters run at 1 500 watts, so we will use that number in our examples for calculating electricity use.
Secondly, your space heater use in hours per day will impact how much energy it uses. This is why it is important to have a heater that is the right size for your space and to keep your usage lower (possibly through purchasing a heater with a thermostat or a timer) to help incur fewer costs.
How Much Does It Cost To Run A Space Heater Per Hour?
To ascertain the cost of using your space heater, you’ll need to know the electric rate you are currently paying. The residents of each U.S. state pay different average electricity rates per kilowatt-hour, due to various reasons. For example, in North Carolina, the average rate is 9.25c per kWh. However, if you live in a deregulated U.S. state, you can find a cheaper electric rate in the competitive energy market that you can switch to.
Once you know your electric rate, you can then use this number to calculate the amount.
Let us give you an example:
First, to get kilowatts from our heater wattage, divide by 1000.
e.g. 1 500 w / 1000 = 1.5 kW
Then, to get the cost per kilowatt-hour, multiply the kW by your rate.
e.g. 1.5 kW X 9.25 c = 13.9 c per kWh.
Now, depending on the hour many hours per day you use the heater, we can determine the cost of running your space heater year-round!
How Much Does It Cost To Run A Space Heater Per Day, Per Month, Per Year?
Because running a space heater overnight is not recommended for safety reasons, we will use an example of using your heater for eight hours a day.
To continue our previous example:
- Running your heater per day (8 hours): 8 hours X 13.9 c per kWh = $1.11/day
- Using your heater for 8 hours a day per month: $1.11 X 30 = $33.3/month
- We will assume you use your heater for around six months of the year during the colder periods, but you can adjust this step for your situation depending on how much you use your heater. Last step:
- Heater cost per year (6 months use) = $33.3 X 6 = $199.80/year
So there you have it! You can plug in your own numbers and use these steps to find out how much your heater is costing you. As you can see from our example, using a space heater has the potential to save you a lot of money on your electricity bill.
How Can I Save Money With My Space Heater?
To save yourself some money on the cost of using your heater, simply work to change any of the above variables. A few ideas would include buying an eco-friendly model (may use 750 kW instead of 1 500 kW, halving power consumption), using a model with a timer or thermostat (or simply being more aware and turning it off) to decrease the hours you use the heater when it is not needed, or to find a better rate to decrease your cost per kWh.
Also consider that while you are using your space heater, you can turn down your central heating and use your portable heater to just heat the spaces your using, when you’re using them. And of course, close your doors and windows properly when your heater is running to save losing any of that valuable warmth!
Is It Cheaper To Run A Space Heater Or Electric Heat?
The size of the room you intend to heat will determine this. A space heater uses 10 watts of heating power per square foot, so the aforementioned 1 500 watt heater will heat up to 150 square feet, or the average-sized bedroom. The fact that a space heater is portable means you can use it to warm up just the spaces you are in, rather than use a central electric heater that will take much more energy to warm your entire house.
A couple of considerations regarding the size of your space heater: using a big heater to warm a small room will waste energy, and in contrast, a small heater will not ‘eventually’ warm up a room that is too large for its output. Make sure the size of your heater and where you place it are suitable for your needs.
How Much Electricity Do Different Styles Of Heaters Use?
Other styles of heaters, like baseboard heaters, tower heaters, or wall heaters, can be used depending on the size and function of the space you wish to warm up. Their electricity use will depend on similar factors to a space heater, but you’ll want to do your research and conduct a similar type of calculation to determine the energy use of whichever unit you’re considering.
We hope we’ve helped you make a more informed decision around the best options for warming the spaces in your home. Don’t forget to source the best electric rate in your state to find out how much you could save! | <urn:uuid:f965bda7-1ae0-473a-8734-e8ba724c82f6> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.electricrate.com/how-much-electricity-does-a-space-heater-use/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.913523 | 1,419 | 2.6875 | 3 |
As Europe struggles to meet its renewable commitments under the 2015 Paris climate agreement, the United Arab Emirates is trying to reduce its reliance on fossil fuels and increase green-energy production.
The UAE says it has become a West Asian hub for clean energy technology, providing funding to build projects globally and investing millions in research on energy, water, microelectronics and transport systems.
By the end of 2019, the UAE said 10 per cent of homes in Dubai would be energy self-sufficient with free solar power as part of work to implement green targets. The project, which began last month, will see the installation of photovoltaic solar panels, energy-saving lights and water-savers to cut the use of electricity and water for UAE nationals. The homes would then be connected to the Dubai Electricity and Water Authority grid, the authorities claimed.
The oil-rich state says Masdar Abu Dhabi has become a regional leader and international player in renewable energy and sustainable urban development, investing more than US$2.7 billion in renewable-energy projects since 2006.
Masdar said its renewable energy portfolio had grown by 33 per cent over the past year, reaching 4 gigawatts (GW) of green energy in operation and under development across 25 countries.
Yousif Al Ali, a Masdar director, said the firm had invested US$12 billion in renewable energy projects which together had displaced nearly 5.4 million tonnes of carbon dioxide per year. The total electricity production of all Masdar’s solar and wind projects was in excess of 10,680 GWh annually, Al Ali said.
The authorities in the sun-kissed emirates say they are increasingly looking to export renewable power and reduce their dependence on fossil fuels.
In 2015, the UAE State of Energy Report said the share of power generated from natural gas would drop from 98 per cent in 2012 to a still-substantial 76 per cent by 2021.
The UAE Energy Strategy 2050 targets 44 per cent clean energy, 38 per cent natural gas, 12 per cent coal and 6 per cent nuclear, in contrast to several European states which are hoping to provide 100 per cent of their power with renewables by 2050.
It was estimated that if achieved, the goals could enable the UAE to save US$192 billion by 2050 in the energy sector.
“The UAE has aggregate peak demand of around 20 GW, with the largest portion of demand coming from the commercial sector, reflecting the growing services orientation of the economy,” said Andy Barrett of the global information provider IHS Markit.
“The high growth rates of the last decade, over 7 per cent average annual increase, have recently subsided.”
Dubai has a huge carbon footprint. Picture credit: Wikimedia | <urn:uuid:fc6c050f-2006-4c48-9ee4-86b78ea6a0dd> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.energy-reporters.com/transmission/uae-aims-to-boost-renewable-production/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.945031 | 559 | 2.84375 | 3 |
What is a pore?
Pores are essentially tiny holes which are a structural part of our skin; some produce sweat, and some produce a natural oil called sebum. Oil releasing pores can become enlarged. The larger your pores, the more visible they are and when they become clogged with excess dirt or sebum, you may find yourself with acne, whiteheads or blackheads.
Why do I have large pores?
If you have large pores, it’s not your fault! There are only three known determining factors of pore size:
1. Genetics. If you have large pores, they have likely been passed down through the genetic line. People with fair and dry skin tend to have smaller pores.
2. Oily Skin. People who have naturally oily skin have larger pores. The more you stimulate your sebaceous glands, the more oil is produced, and the pores enlarge to expel this oil. Clogged pores also have the same effect
3. Age. As we age, our skin begins to lose its elasticity. This means it can no longer spring back to its earlier state after being filled with dead skin cells or sebum.
What can I do about large pores?
While you cannot get rid of naturally large pores, or shrink pores that have been enlarged by excess dirt and oil. You can visibly reduce the appearance of pores, and take preventative measures to stop them getting any larger.
My suggestions are:
1. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including diet, exercise and water intake ensuring your skin is getting the right balance of nutrients and hydration.
2. Avoid touching your face (unless you’re applying skin care products or you’re cleansing). Bacteria on your fingers can transfer into pores and help clog them, we don’t want this!
3. Washing the face both morning and evening, and after exercise.
4. Choosing water-based creams. Using oil-based creams (including natural oils such as coconut oil) can mix with dead skin cells and clog up pores. You should be moisturising daily.
5. Choosing gel-based or oil-based cleansers. Slightly different to the above point in terms of oil, but face oil actually dissolved better in oil than in water, so this is why.
6. Exfoliating regularly at home – once to twice per week. It is important not to exfoliate more than twice a week, however. Although exfoliation keeps the pores unclogged, they can look bigger if the skin becomes too dry.
7. Applying a clay mask once to twice per week to help unclog pores
8. Always removing makeup before sleeping, or when exercising
9. Changing your pillowcase regularly – a trap for bacteria and makeup and products left on our faces!
10. Wearing sunscreen/ using SPF daily (even in the winter!) UV and pollution cause free radicals that break down the collagen and elastin in skin, making the skin less tight and pores therefore look larger. Some SPFs can be shiny and this can make pores appear more prominent, therefore using a primer that contains SPF, or foundation (if you wear it) containing SPF are good options
11. Using a cream containing retinoid – retinoid cream helps boost cell turnover, including collagen and visible results can be seen in a few weeks. This is due to it’s ability to increase skin’s collagen production while also decreasing it’s oil production.
12. Using products with salicylic acid – Salicylic acid (a BHA) is oil soluble, meaning it’s able to get inside pores to gently push out dead skin, bacteria, sebum, and any other pore-clogging debris. Glycolic acid – glycolic acid (an AHA) does the same thing but not as deep. Lactic acid also works in the same way as glycolic acid but is slightly weaker. You can find products that contain both BHAs and AHAs.
13. Dermaplaning (an exfoliation treatment which also removes ‘peach fuzz’ hair – known to trap dirt and oil). Dermaplaning can be booked on our website.
14. Microneedling – This is a non-invasive skin treatment to pierce the surface of the skin causing controlled micro-injuries, which prompt the skin’s healing response. This can reduce the appearance of large pores. Microneedling also allows better penetration of skincare products, which means what I’ve mentioned above (such as acids and retinoid products) will work more effectively! A double whammy!Microneedling can be booked on our website (under dermarolling).
15. The million dollar facial – includes both dermaplaning and microneedling in one treatment, alongside a hyaluronic acid mask and lymphatic drainage massage. A treat for your face! You can book this via our website.
16. Chemical peels – an in-office treatment which improves the appearance of pores and skin overall, over time. Chemical peels can be booked via our website.
17. “Botox” – Recent studies have shown that “botox” can help reduce the size of pores. The term ‘Poretox’ was created for this treatment and is starting to become more widely used and heard. “Botox” reduces sebum production by around 30 per cent, which can reduce the appearance of pores by around 18 per cent. Consultation is required to decide whether this would be suitable for you first, and other treatments may be recommended as preparation before “Botox”. Consultations can be booked online via our website.
18. Laser treatment – This stimulates the skin’s deepest layers to smooth and plump complexion. Consult a dermatologist for these treatments. | <urn:uuid:56f6226b-f66b-4092-b795-77262ec0f08a> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.enhancebytara.com/author/tara/page/2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.940703 | 1,237 | 2.75 | 3 |
As we all know, clean technology is an area of technological development that has been growing rapidly in recent years. It essentially refers to any technology or practices that significantly reduce negative environmental impacts such as emissions, pollutants, and waste. This encompasses several different areas such as renewable energy technologies (e.g. solar, wind), green building technologies, and sustainable transportation systems. In the last few years, some of these have become increasingly obvious in our communities.
But clean technology also includes methods for cleaning up existing environmental damage, such as oil spills and contaminated soil. Additionally, clean technology often looks to reduce the use of natural resources by finding ways to convert waste into energy or usable materials. Clean technology has become increasingly important in recent years due to growing awareness of climate change and its impacts on our world. This can be a reaction to the Pandemic and the rapid divestment from Russian oil.
- What is the difference between renewable energy and green technology?
- What are recent clean technology trends?
- What will be the clean technology of the future?
- What is clean technology in the industry?
- How does clean tech help the environment?
- What are the effects of billion-dollar weather events and global warming?
- What about clean technology and sustainability in developing economies?
- What are three advantages to running our world in cleantech?
- What about ESG and clean technology?
What is the difference between renewable energy and green technology?
While there are many similarities, and they are often confused, renewable energy and green technology are two distinct concepts.
Renewable energy refers to any form of energy that is continually replenished and can be used over and over again, such as solar, wind, geothermal, or hydroelectric power. The sources of renewable energy never run out or degrade in quality as non-renewable resources do.
Green technology, on the other hand, is a broad term used to describe products and practices that reduce or eliminate negative environmental impacts. This is another way of saying that they reduce your carbon footprint. Examples of green technology include energy-efficient light bulbs, green building techniques, hybrid cars, and renewable energy sources such as solar panels. Green technologies are designed to reduce emissions from electricity generation and conserve natural resources.
Green technology, on the other hand, uses processes and components that have a reduced impact on the environment when compared to traditional manufacturing techniques. This can include recycled materials being used for production or in some cases alternative procedures with a lesser impact on the planet’s ecosystem. Some examples of green technology are electric cars, recycled paper, and ethanol.
What are recent clean technology trends?
When we originally wrote this, nearly 2 years ago, the world and our collective future looked considerably different. Aside. from the invasion of Ukraine, there have been advances in science that few thought would ever occur. Nonetheless, with or without AI, our future survival depends on our relationship with technology.
While there are many recent developments in clean technology, not the least of which is the breakthrough in nuclear fusion, there has also been a steady trend in the development of renewable energy sources. These include solar, wind, and hydropower, as well as geothermal energy. As for carbon-free sources of energy, they are becoming increasingly popular as a way to reduce emissions and meet clean energy goals.
Furthermore, advances in storage technologies have made it much easier to store renewable energy and use it when the demand is greatest. This has allowed for an increase in the amount of clean electricity that can be used on demand without worrying about surges in energy demand.
Finally, green buildings are becoming more popular as a way to reduce emissions and save on energy costs. Green buildings typically use materials that are sourced locally and use energy-efficient technologies. They also often feature natural lighting and insulation to maximize energy efficiency. By using these practices, green buildings can provide a great opportunity to both reduce emissions and save on energy costs.
As clean technology continues to develop, it is important to explore all of the options available in order to reduce emissions and meet our global energy goals. Clean energy sources are becoming increasingly popular, as are green building practices. By investing in these technologies, we can ensure that our planet remains sustainable for future generations.
What will be the clean technology of the future?
The field of technology is changing so quickly that it can be difficult to predict what the future holds. From electric airplanes, vertical farming, aquacultures, advanced battery-driven bike designs, and the use of drone tech for commuter vehicles, the possibilities are endless. New resources and materials such as graphene-based coatings and self-healing agents will revolutionize our transportation systems. Autonomous driving technology is likely to be used in cars, buses, trains, and even cargo ships. In addition, smart homes will become a reality thanks to advances in artificial intelligence that can make decisions based on environmental conditions. Finally, the development of smart grids will allow us to better manage energy use and efficiency. These advances in clean technology are sure to have a huge impact on how we live our lives in the future. And don’t forget that we are going back to the moon, where technologies like solar thermal propulsion are being developed to explore the Moon’s surface for potential resources. With all of these exciting changes, we can be sure of one thing: the clean technology of the future will be better than you imagine!
What is clean technology in the industry?
None of us want less innovation. We want to transfer to new sustainable technologies without losing what we are accustomed to. So, when it comes to cleantech in industry, this means transitioning to more efficient, cost-effective, and eco-friendly processes. Cleantech in industry utilizes modern technology to reduce waste, conserve energy and resources, and create less environmental impact than traditional industrial practices. But at the same time, delivering all of the awesome innovation that we have come to expect.
At the forefront are LED lighting and smart sensors, which use a fraction of the energy that traditional lighting solutions do. Think about how many light bulbs are in how many buildings are on your street, then multiply that by all of the streets in your town. But LED lights have cut that electricity demand down to 1/1000 of what it was 20 years ago. This technology can be used in a variety of industry settings such as manufacturing plants, warehouses, and retail outlets, to give just a few examples. This is just one example of how cleantech can help businesses reduce their energy costs while also creating a healthier indoor environment for employees.
There are quiet machines, waste-water recycling, solar energy systems, and many other efficient ways to reduce emissions and save on costs. Clean technology also offers industry opportunities such as carbon credits that can be sold or traded on the open market. All of this demonstrates how clean tech in industry is more than just a good idea — it’s an essential part of modern business.
How does clean tech help the environment?
When it comes to cleantech and the environment, the goal is to reduce environmental impact while still providing energy and services to consumers. After all, we don’t want the convenience of our lives to diminish, but at the same time, we cannot continue on the same path and expect to sustain our future. Cleantech uses renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydroelectricity to power homes and businesses, as well as technologies that can improve the efficiency of existing systems. The key is to transition to lower carbon energy sources and reduce emissions from the activities that cause climate change.
For example, electric vehicles are becoming increasingly popular as they produce fewer emissions than traditional gas-powered cars. LED lights, battery innovations, and improved insulation can also help to reduce energy usage. Additionally, clean tech can be used to develop new technologies that can help us better manage our waste and water consumption in a more sustainable way.
What are the effects of billion-dollar weather events and global warming?
It doesn’t take a scientist to see that the effects of global warming are already affecting our planet. As greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise, we can expect more coastal flooding (caused by melting ice caps and rising sea levels), extreme droughts (which will cause famine or water wars), and natural disasters like hurricanes and tornadoes. Clean technologies provide alternatives to fossil fuel use that can minimize and eventually negate these effects.
The obvious effects are the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, from hurricanes to floods to heat waves. Global warming is projected to increase the severity of these events by making them more intense, longer lasting, and more frequent. As a result, many areas are experiencing larger storm surges due to rising sea levels, inverted heat domes, once-in-a-generation blizzards, and more destructive flooding as a result of heavier rains. These events incur great costs in terms of life, property, security, and stability for millions. In turn, this puts more pressure on strained resources such as healthcare, housing, and food security.
The longer-term effects of global warming are less obvious but potentially much more devastating. Shifting weather patterns, rise in sea levels, changing habitats and migration of species are all results of increasingly warmer temperatures around the world.
What about clean technology and sustainability in developing economies?
Developing countries have their own set of problems. With populations rising, more people are migrating to cities, where clean water is becoming scarce and resources are being consumed faster than they can renew themselves. These countries also need energy to power homes, hospitals, and schools. But the burning of fossil fuels in these countries is leading to more pollution than they can handle, causing health problems for millions of people. Clean technologies can help save water as well as power, which can be especially helpful in places where access to clean drinking water is limited.
Developing countries are feeling the effects of climate change more quickly than their developed counterparts due to a lack of infrastructure and resources. The impacts of climate change are potentially more damaging in developing countries, as they often lack the resources necessary to adapt and mitigate its effects. Clean technology is an essential tool for helping developing countries achieve sustainable development. This type of technology helps reduce air pollution, improve energy efficiency, conserve natural resources, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, developing countries are only responsible for a small amount of global emissions and need support from the international community to invest in clean technology.
What are three advantages to running our world in cleantech?
There are many advantages to running our societies on cleantech. But three of the top advantages include:
1) Reduced Carbon Footprint: Cleantech reduces emissions from energy production and consumption, thus reducing our overall carbon footprint.
2) Increased Energy Efficiency: Cleantech solutions are designed to be more efficient than traditional methods of power generation. This helps minimize the amount of energy needed for the same purpose, resulting in cost savings and reduced emissions.
3) Improved Access to Clean Power: Cleantech solutions also include access to new financing models that can help people in developing countries afford clean power. Also, there are many programs like TerraPass and Wren that are injecting sustainable projects locally around the world to capture carbon and develop local economies around clean tech.
Overall, we can see that cleantech solutions are changing the way we live. They are helping to reduce carbon emissions, increase energy efficiency, and improve access to clean power. But this change cannot happen fast enough.
Savvy Investors are also reading…
What about ESG and clean technology?
ESG refers to the social and environmental policies or behaviors of companies. While these are similar in some ways, ESG and clean tech are two different approaches to environmental sustainability. ESG (environmental, social, and governance) is an approach that focuses on how companies can reduce their environmental impact while still creating value for investors and stakeholders. This includes considering the impacts of a company’s operations across its supply chain in terms of energy use, waste management, water consumption, and more.
In contrast, clean tech is a specific set of technologies designed to reduce the environmental impact of energy production and consumption. Examples of clean tech include electric vehicles, rooftop solar systems, LED lighting, battery storage solutions, and efficient insulation.
The two approaches are not mutually exclusive – both ESG and clean technology can be used to reduce the environmental impact on businesses and society. For example, a company can incorporate ESG practices into its operations while simultaneously investing in clean tech solutions such as efficient lighting or adopting a LEEDS (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) certification.
What is sustainable and equitable investment?
Investment is one of the cornerstones of innovation and the adoption of clean sustainable technologies. PRI (Principles for Responsible Investment) is an international network of investors that have committed to integrating environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors into their investment decision-making processes. These organizations aim to promote and protect the environment, improve working conditions, create equitable policies and practices, as well as reduce poverty. The end goal is to achieve a sustainable and equitable economy.
Organizations that adopt the PRI are expected to:
- Consider ESG issues in investment analysis and decision-making;
- Be active owners and incorporate ESG issues into their ownership policies;
- Promote acceptance of responsible investing practices within the investment industry; and
- Report publicly on their activities and progress towards implementing the PRI.
By investing in companies that employ sustainable practices, organizations can use their resources to drive economic growth while also helping to protect our planet. This is an ideal situation for both investors and society as a whole. And since Covid, there has been a shift in awareness and an increase in sustainable investment worldwide.
Which Countries Are Involved?
Canada, Japan, and Germany are at the forefront of clean technology development. The United States is also involved in this field, even though it does not currently have as strong of an industry or economy compared to other developed countries, even though it has one of the largest GDPs.
What is clean technology and regulation?
As there are many companies around the world that are invested in the innovation of clean technology, there is also an ever-increasing need for regulation of the clean technology industry. Clean technology is a broad term that refers to any process, product, or service that reduces negative environmental impacts through significant energy efficiency improvements, the sustainable use of resources, or environmental protection activities. Governments around the world are increasingly introducing regulations designed to reduce emissions and promote more sustainable practices in order to combat climate change. These regulations are aimed at influencing consumer and industrial behavior, as well as encouraging the development of clean technologies that have the potential to drive green economic growth. Examples of such regulations include renewable energy targets, carbon pricing schemes, green building standards, and waste management laws. While there are existing regulations for numerous industries, governments have to move fast to stay ahead of the growth.
In conclusion clean technology
When it comes to clean technology, the future is bright. The companies that are involved in this sector of business are investing in research and development to find new ways of reducing our carbon footprint without harming our environment. They’re creating products that will help people live more sustainable lifestyles so natural resources aren’t exhausted as quickly. This transition won’t happen overnight, but it is happening. By investing in companies involved in this sector of the economy, you can be a part of driving these technological advancements forward and not letting them fall by the wayside.
Caveats and Disclaimers
Although emerging technologies may include the venture capital investment community, solutions, projects, reduce, renewable, cleantech, companies, sustainable, solar, development, use of natural resources, development, climate, energy space, business sector, turbines, wastewater treatment, high growth industries, green or greenhouse outcomes, methane improve, line industries, low carbon, job creation, operational performance, GHG emissions, consumer products, date modified, reducing costs, technologies and superior performance the content of this article is purely for informational purposes and not to be misconstrued with investment advice. Thank you for reading.
Research & Curation
Dean Emerick is a curator on sustainability issues with ESG The Report, an online resource for SMEs and Investment professionals focusing on ESG principles. Their primary goal is to help middle-market companies automate Impact Reporting with ESG Software. Leveraging the power of AI, machine learning, and AWS to transition to a sustainable business model. Serving clients in the United States, Canada, UK, Europe, and the global community. If you want to get started, don’t forget to Get the Checklist! ✅ | <urn:uuid:b0454759-eb5f-407b-8d62-d7f8ccc42e92> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.esgthereport.com/what-is-esg/the-e-in-esg/what-is-clean-technology/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.948882 | 3,417 | 3.609375 | 4 |
There are many types of roundworms, but some of the most common are intestinal parasites of dogs, cats, and raccoons. Puppies are frequently born with roundworms, and kittens can be infected via the mother's milk or feces. Adult roundworms are ivory colored, four to six inches long, and round (not flat ) in shape. These parasites can cause diarrhea, vomiting, weight loss, and even coughing in these young patients. In the usual case, the owner will not see the adult roundworms passed in the stool. This is why it is important for the veterinarian to do a laboratory test to check for any parasites that might be present. We check for parasite eggs with a microscope. You should bring a fresh stool sample (one that was produced that day) to your puppy or kitten's appointment.
It is important to know that animal roundworms can be transmitted to people, and in some cases can cause serious disease. In a recent study from the Center for Disease Control (CDC), it was reported that almost 14 % of all Americans are infected with Toxocara, the most common roundworm of pets. Although most people infected have no symptoms, the parasite is capable of causing blindness (especially in children) and other systemic illness. The infective agent is the microscopic egg in the animal's stool. It is known that these eggs are very resistant to environmental conditions. They have been shown to live in yards, playgrounds, and fields for up to 10 years.
The most dangerous roundworm is Baylisascaris, a parasite of raccoons that has an affinity for brain tissue. Children infected with this parasite have suffered severe, permanent mental retardation. The majority of raccoons carry this parasite. If wildlife is present on your property, you should patrol the grounds and any raccoon stools should be treated as hazardous waste. Wear disposable gloves to double bag and dispose of the feces. The only thing that will kill the remaining eggs in the soil is fire.
The CDC recommends regular deworming of all puppies and kittens to try to reduce the exposure to people. A medication will be dispensed when your puppy or kitten is first seen. Another important measure is monthly parasite preventative, or what we sometimes call "heartworm preventative." Many of these drugs are also effective for roundworms, and are an important part of a wellness program.
The CDC prevention measures include:
- Keep dogs and cats under a veterinarian's care for early and regular deworming
- Clean up after the pet and dispose of stool
- Keep animals' play area clean
- Wash hands after playing with dogs or cats
- Keep children from playing in areas where animals have soiled
- Cover sandboxes to keep animals out
- Don't let children eat dirt | <urn:uuid:ab830e3a-7021-4238-8976-409f53177c26> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.foofiepoochies.com/articles/general/415908-roundworms | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.953712 | 566 | 3.578125 | 4 |
Osteochondral defect (OCD) refers to a condition that results in a focal area of cartilage loss in a joint. It is almost always caused by an injury, most often in the ankle by a sprain. Although OCD is also common in the knee and elbow joints it is especially prevalent in the ankle. Typically in the ankle, it affects the talus bone and is also referred to as an osteochondral lesion of the talus (OLT.)
Three bones come together to form the ankle joint; the tibia, the fibula, and the talus. The tibia and fibula are the bones of the lower leg that run parallel to each other. When they reach the ankle, the tibia inserts the inside of the ankle joint and the fibula as the outside of the joint. Serving as the connecting point between the leg and the ankle, the talus is a compact and very dense bone.
The talus is cradled by the tibia, which means that it supports the weight of the entire body, as well as the additional force created from movements, such as walking, running, climbing stairs, and sudden or violent twisting and changes of direction. As the connection between the leg and the foot, specifically the heel bone or calcaneus, the talus is covered in articular cartilage. The cartilage facilitates smooth movement of the joint.
What Is OCD Talus?
Osteochondral defect of the talus refers to a focal area of injured or damaged bone and cartilage on the upper part of the talus. Trauma, often from an injury to the ankle resulting in a severe sprain, is typically the cause of this condition. That said, OCD talus can also develop and worsen over time. This may be due to excessive and persistent pressure created by an ankle joint that is unstable, resulting in frequent ankle sprains.
The cartilage becomes injured during trauma, and creates a fracture through the cartilage down to or into the underlying bone. The cartilage becomes separated, or delaminated from the bone underneath, and cannot heal back because the cartilage has no blood supply of its own. Fluid from the ankle joint then can enter the exposed bone and create a cyst under the injured cartilage.
Symptoms of OCD Talus
Depending upon the extent of the damage, a patient’s pain can be variable. Typically the pain occurs when the ankle is rotated and loaded in such a way that places stress directly on the injured cartilage. This pain can be quite sharp at times. Others will feel just a chronic dull ache to the ankle that feels deep inside. Occasionally the fragment of cartilage will break off, and create a locking of the joint.
- Ankle pain is the most common symptom, often referred to as a deep, dull ache, and brought on by physical activity, like walking or running, particularly uphill, climbing stairs, and participating in sports
- Swelling, stiffness, and tenderness
- Weakness, to the point of feeling like the ankle may “give way” and not support your body weight
- Loss of range of motion
- Popping or clicking sound or sensation in the joint, possibly getting caught in one position caused by loose bone or cartilage fragments lodging between bones during movement
Treatment recommendations for OCD talus will vary based on the condition and lifestyle of the patient. Some of the most common considerations are:
- Age and activity level of the patient
- How severe the symptoms are and to what extent they are affecting the quality of life
- Size and location of the lesion, as well as the extent of damage
- Goals and expectations of the patient
For children and adolescents and adults with minor damage, particularly the absence of dislodged bone and cartilage fragments, nonsurgical options may often be sufficient. These will typically include some combination of:
- Immobilization – this may include a cast or ankle brace
- Medication – usually over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for pain and to reduce inflammation
- Physical therapy – to restore strength and range of motion once healing has taken place
Conservative measures are often unsuccessful in adults, especially when there is significant damage due to a lesion being especially large or there are fragments of bone or cartilage loose in the joint. At this point, surgery will likely be recommended. Various procedures are used to repair damage to the bone and cartilage of the talus and the decision will be made on an individual basis. Basically, these repairs will consist of:
- Drilling into the bone and creating new pathways for blood flow, or microfracture. This can be augmented with stem cells from bone marrow.
- Using pins or screws to stabilize the lesion if injury is of recent onset and fragment is detached
- In cases of large areas of cartilage loss, a graft of bone and cartilage may be used, which will reconstruct the damaged area
Contact Dr. Christopher E. Hubbard Today
If you have been diagnosed with OCD Talus and need treatment, do not hesitate in contacting Dr. Christopher Hubbard today. Dr. Hubbard has the necessary skills and knowledge to provide you with the treatment you need. Contact our New Jersey office today for your first appointment. | <urn:uuid:3c9e5ec5-0dda-46e3-9d79-f616c770fcc8> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.footanklesurgerynj.com/ankle-procedures/ocd-talus-treatment/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.94497 | 1,083 | 3.0625 | 3 |
As businesses grow, so do their expenses…
One of the most crucial expenses that companies need to manage is accounts payable (AP). In simple terms, “accounts payable” refers to the money that a business owes to its suppliers and vendors.
Managing AP efficiently is essential to maintaining a healthy financial position and avoiding cash flow issues. In this blog post, we will discuss what accounts payable is, its importance, and how businesses can manage it efficiently. At the end, get to know how FOS Desk can help you in this regard.
What are Accounts Payable?
Accounts payable (AP) is the amount of money a business owes to its suppliers and vendors for goods and services received. When a supplier sends an invoice, the amount owed is recorded in the company’s AP ledger. The AP ledger is a list of all outstanding invoices that a company needs to pay.
AP includes all short-term debts that a business owes to its suppliers, including office supplies, raw materials, equipment, and other operational expenses. The terms of payment for AP may vary depending on the supplier and the industry. For instance, some suppliers may offer a 30-day payment term, while others may require payment on delivery.
Why are Accounts Payable Important?
AP is critical for businesses of all sizes.
Here are some of the reasons why AP is important:
Cash Management: Managing AP efficiently is essential for cash management. A business needs to pay its bills on time to maintain good relationships with its suppliers and avoid late fees. At the same time, the company needs to manage its cash flow effectively to ensure it has enough money to cover all its expenses.
Record Keeping: AP is also essential for record keeping. A company needs to keep accurate records of all its expenses, and AP provides a way to track and manage all its supplier invoices. Accurate records from AP help businesses prepare financial statements, identify opportunities for cost savings, and make informed decisions.
Financial Statements: AP is also important for financial statements. The amount of money owed to suppliers is recorded as a liability on a company’s balance sheet, and managing AP efficiently can help a company maintain a healthy balance sheet. A well-managed AP ledger can indicate a company’s ability to pay off its debts, improve its credit rating, and attract investors.
How to Manage Accounts Payable Efficiently?
Managing AP efficiently requires businesses to adopt best practices that streamline their processes, reduce manual intervention, and minimize errors. Here are some of the ways businesses can manage AP efficiently:
Set up an AP process: The first step to managing AP efficiently is to set up a process that defines the steps involved in the payment process. This includes receiving, reviewing, and approving supplier invoices, as well as scheduling payments and posting payments to the accounting system. Setting up a robust AP process helps businesses minimize errors, reduce payment delays, and maintain accurate records.
Use technology: Technology can help businesses streamline their AP process and reduce manual intervention. Automated AP systems can help companies receive, review, and approve supplier invoices faster. They can also help businesses schedule payments and post payments to the accounting system automatically. Using technology for AP can save time, reduce errors, and improve overall efficiency.
Manage Payment Terms: Businesses can manage their AP efficiently by negotiating payment terms with their suppliers. By extending payment terms, businesses can improve their cash flow and avoid payment delays. Payment terms may vary depending on the industry, but it is essential to ensure that payment terms are mutually beneficial for both the business and the supplier.
Monitor AP Regularly: Monitoring AP regularly is crucial to ensuring that all invoices are paid on time and that accurate records are maintained. This involves regularly reviewing supplier invoices, checking payment due dates, and identifying outstanding invoices. Regular monitoring of AP helps businesses avoid payment delays, reduce the risk of errors, and maintain healthy relationships with suppliers.
Understanding accounts payable and its importance is crucial for businesses to maintain a healthy financial position. Managing AP efficiently helps businesses manage their cash flow, maintain accurate records, prepare financial statements, and attract investors.
By setting up a robust AP process, using technology, managing payment terms, and monitoring AP regularly, businesses can streamline their AP process, reduce manual intervention, minimize errors, and improve overall efficiency. It is essential to remember that managing AP is not just about paying bills on time; it is about maintaining healthy relationships with suppliers, reducing payment delays, and preparing for future growth.
Therefore, businesses should prioritize AP management to ensure that they maintain a strong financial position and achieve long-term success.
At FOS Desk, we understand the importance of AP management for businesses. As a logistics BPO service provider, we offer accounts payable services that streamline AP processes, reduce manual intervention, and ensure timely payments to suppliers.
Our team of experts is committed to helping businesses manage their AP efficiently and maintain healthy financial positions. Contact us today to learn more about our services and how we can help your business grow. | <urn:uuid:51cb4c7d-1826-4874-8f9d-33e6a7822cd0> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.fosdesk.com/blog/understanding-accounts-payable-and-its-importance/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.960828 | 1,040 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Maps are a valuable aid to understanding the physical barriers and political borders our ancestors had to deal with. Large scale maps cover a small area and may show detail of trails and prominent buildings. Small scale maps cover large areas, like an entire county. These resources may help you with your search:
- There is a fine online map at the Family History Library in Salt Lake City.
- For small scale county map (showing a large area) of great Britain, try Genuki's County Map.
- For large scale street maps (showing a small area), try Streetmap.co.uk.
- K. R. Shucksmith has political and topological maps at his site.
- For historic maps, try Old-Maps.co.uk.
- One of the best small scale maps, showing all of the UK and Ireland on one page and the boundaries of each county (shire) is at your local Family History Centre. Ask for the British Isles map.
- You might linke using the County maps of Northern England, 1760s-1840s which provides an interactive zooming feature.
- Or you can go directly to the Ordnance Survey site for Explorer 1:25,000 or Landranger 1:50,000 maps
- Often one needs to find how to get there from here. Go to Mapquest and put in the names of the town from where you're starting and to where you're going and it'll draw you a map with the distance.
- Don't have any idea where the parish is? Use the https://www.genuki.org.uk/churchdb and get your bearings.
- See if you can find "The County Maps of Old England," by Thomas Moule, published by Studio Editions, Ltd., London, 1990, ISBN 1-85170-403-5 or one of the more recent reprints. It does not have a gazetteer, but includes many places not found on modern maps.
- The London Ancestor site has some great historic boundary maps, Lincolnshire (North and South) included.
In the UK:
- Get a full range of maps from the CentreMaps site.
- Get the wonderful Landranger Series from the Elstead Company.
- Get a motoring atlas and/or Ordnance Survey map from Michelin House, 81 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6RB.
- Get an Ordnance Survey map from Landmark Information Group Ltd, 7 Abbey Court, Eagle Way, Sowton Industrial Estate, Exeter, Devon, EX2 7HY, phone +44(0) 1392 441700.
- There is a great book: Humphrey-Smith, Cecil R., 1995, 'The Phillimore Atlas and Index of Parish Registers', Phillimore & Co, England. In 2000, it could be purchased from Amazon.Com for 50 pounds. It lists the locations of the parishes and their registers and has maps of all the counties of the UK.
- And try Alan Godfrey Maps. They have dozens of maps for Lincs towns and other counties, too.
In North America:
- Maps WorldWide may be able to provide you with a Landranger map of the Lincolnshire area you seek. | <urn:uuid:a6b4393b-ed86-4f3a-8f08-f694d9217fdf> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/LIN/maps | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.900656 | 678 | 2.84375 | 3 |
By Philip dela Houssaye and Fernando Madrid
As educators, we know that starting kindergarten off on the right foot is one of the strongest indicators of a child’s success in school.
In our district, Portland Public Schools (PPS) in Oregon, we recognized that many of our kindergarteners weren’t entering school ready to learn, and we wanted to do something about it—but not just anything. With so many programs out there, we wanted to make sure we did something that works and would make a difference in our district, but that was also cost-effective.
Our district’s solution? The Early Kindergarten Transition (EKT) program, a targeted intervention that helps incoming kindergarteners begin school on common ground and ready for success, regardless of their preschool experience or background.
Some of our students may not have had a traditional preschool experience or perhaps faced some challenges in Head Start. Some are from families who don’t speak English as a first language and who have had different educational experiences. Often, on the first day of school, students walk into their classroom without an understanding of how the school day works or what they’ll be experiencing with their new classmates and teacher.
We saw an opportunity to support these students and families as they prepare for kindergarten by giving them the tools and skills they need to be ready to learn. Now in 13 district schools, the EKT program is a free, three-week program that provides sessions for both students and parents during the summer and seeks to increase parental involvement, reduce chronic absenteeism and enhance the development of early literacy skills. These are all indicators of long-term academic success.
The best part about the EKT program? It really works.
The program was recently the focus of a new five-year study conducted by the Multnomah County Partnership for Education Research (MCPER), led by the University of Portland School of Education and the not-for-profit educational services organization NWEA.
Following more than 450 students, the study provided our district with valuable information about the effectiveness of the EKT program. The findings show that EKT students are more likely than their peers to have higher attendance rates and to meet early literacy goals—and these trends continued over time in kindergarten and in later grades.
As school staff, we see the benefits of the EKT program every day, and we know there are many schools and districts out there like ours who are looking for impactful, proven ways to support all students.
We would like to share four key takeaways from the EKT program with fellow educators and school and district leaders who may be considering how to support students and families who may struggle with the transition into kindergarten.
1. Work with community organizations to reach and engage parents
When families aren’t engaged with their local schools in a traditional sense, it’s important to find ways to reach them where they are comfortable. To build awareness about the EKT program, we utilize a number of different strategies to engage all families who can benefit from it.
PPS partners with community-based organizations and the Multnomah County Library to recruit families who are involved in their programming. We also post flyers throughout neighborhoods, run radio ads, make phone calls and send text messages. One of our most effective outreach methods is encouraging current and former EKT families to invite other parents to get involved and share what they have learned through the program.
2. Focus on student behaviors, school routines and special needs that support long-term success in the classroom
The EKT program helps incoming kindergarteners get used to their new school environment before the year begins to help them feel less anxious about school and get to know their peers. At the summer sessions, students practice classroom routines with teachers so they are familiar with school bells, switching activities and lining up after recess. When kids arrive on the first day of school, they already know what they’re walking into, and we see this lead to increased confidence and a greater sense of independence from the first day of school and throughout the year.
The EKT program also provides teachers with an opportunity to better and more deeply understand each student’s learning needs and styles before the beginning of the school year. While this is critical for the success of all students, it’s especially important for students with special needs and creates a supportive environment where students can be successful.
3. Teach parents how to continue the learning process at home and about the school experience
The EKT program is as important for parents as it is for their children. As students experience what learning inside the classroom looks like, parents understand how they can continue to support their child at home. For example, we share that taking time every day at home for reading or storytelling is an important way to help kids develop key language and literacy skills, support healthy brain development and build upon what they’re learning in the classroom.
Additionally, the EKT program welcomes families into an inclusive community, not just a school building. Since many EKT families are non-English speakers, we have a translator at every EKT meeting, and they often continue to work with our families throughout the year. Parents and families also leave the summer program having established relationships with school staff and a support network to whom they can reach out when a problem or question arises—even if they speak a different language.
4. Evaluate your efforts so you can expand and refine your program
Our district’s partnership with researchers in the Portland community generates the data we need to best serve our students and families and stay accountable to increase student learning and equity, such as how many of our EKT students meet literacy benchmarks and regularly attend class.
School and district leaders are able to use this information to make informed decisions about continuing and growing effective initiatives. For program staff and educators like us, this research validates our everyday work in the classroom and lets us know that what we’re doing is really working—and having a long-term, positive impact on the students and families we work with and care about.
For more, see:
- Building a Community of Readers: A Collective Impact Model
- Why Early Childhood Education Matters Now More than Ever
- Early Learning as a Strategy for Achieving Equity
Philip dela Houssaye is a kindergarten teacher and lead EKT teacher at Lee Elementary School in Portland. Follow them on Twitter: @PPSConnect
Fernando Madrid is a community agent and EKT family facilitator at Rigler Elementary School in Portland. Follow them on Twitter: @RiglerSchoolOR
Stay in-the-know with all things EdTech and innovations in learning by signing up to receive the weekly Smart Update. | <urn:uuid:c5c711bf-a6cd-4aa1-8236-8b90588b19a8> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.gettingsmart.com/2017/07/01/the-results-are-in-kindergarten-transition-programs-work/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.964698 | 1,379 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Alaska’s small glaciers on the way out
Glaciers worldwide are withering. Half of them will disappear by the end of this century, and much of the ice lost will vanish from mountains in Alaska, scientists say.
Authors of a recent cover story in the journal Science used high-performance computers to predict the fate of 215,547 glaciers on Earth. They excluded the great ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica.
Their conclusions: Goodbye to Bird, Crow, Daisy, Dogshead, Polychrome, Prospect, Red, Rex, Shakespeare and Spoon glaciers by the year 2100. If not earlier.
True, most of us won’t be here in 77 years either, but warmer air temperatures will probably erase those Alaska glaciers and a few dozen more — including an Anchorage water source named Eklutna Glacier — before then.
UAF Geophysical Institute scientists including David Rounce (now at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh) and Regine Hock are the lead authors on the study.
Using supercomputers at UAF, they forecast the future of the world’s glaciers under a few different warming scenarios, each of which humanity is currently speeding past.
“Even under the very optimistic scenario corresponding to the goal of the Paris agreement, about half of the glaciers are expected to be lost by the end of the century,” Hock said.
In their data-set, the scientists looked at glaciers all over the world, in regions they called Arctic Canada North, Central Asia, and Russian Arctic, among a dozen others. Alaska is one of the places with the most ice to lose. Alaska’s glaciers have already shrunk in elevation three feet each year during the past two decades.
Alaska glaciers are huge contributors to global ice loss because there are so many of them, and a lot of them are huge. Many Alaska glaciers are also at low elevations where gravity conveyor-belts their ice into the melting zone.
If the planet’s temperatures continue on this trajectory, favorite roadside glaciers will slip out of sight. This will likely play out in most Alaska glacier-towns, including Juneau, by the end of the century.
“Mendenhall Glacier may not disappear completely, but it will certainly retreat so much that it won´t be visible from the visitor center, even for the (most optimistic) scenario,” Hock said.
Aside from aesthetics, why does the disappearance of glacier ice matter? Hock said that all that fresh water now dumping into the Gulf of Alaska will affect ocean circulation and ecosystems.
Also, worldwide seas could rise half a foot from the loss of glacier ice by 2100.
Rounce compiled a list of more than 200 named Alaska glaciers that will be gone by the end of the century if the planet’s average yearly temperature rises 4 degrees C from what it was before the Industrial Revolution. That’s a lot of goodbyes.
David Rounce’s list of more than 200 named Alaska glaciers that will be gone by 2100 if Earth’s average yearly temperature is 4 degrees C warmer than pre-industrial levels by then:
Bear Lake Glacier
Cheja West Glacier
Chigmit North Glacier
Chigmuit South Glacier
Clara Smith Glacier
East Alapah Glacier
East Yakutat Glacier
Gracey Creek Glacier
Hunter Creek Glacier
Le Blondeau Glacier
Lemon Creek Glacier
Little Jarvis Glacier
McCarthy Creek Glacier
Metal Creek Glacier
Mineral Creek Glacier
Mother Goose Glacier
North Baird Glacier
Nugget Creek Glacier
Riley Creek Glacier
Split Thumb Icefall
The Knife Creek Glaciers
Tired Pup Glacier
Twentyseven Mile Glacier
Warm Creek Glacier
West Alapah Glacier
West Gulkana Glacier
West Yakutat Glacier | <urn:uuid:bbc89131-b603-42a1-8996-321afea93622> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.gi.alaska.edu/alaska-science-forum/alaskas-small-glaciers-way-out | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.727355 | 792 | 3.484375 | 3 |
This little Chameleon’s markings identify it as a juvenile Veiled Chameleon. Like many other chameleon species, they use their long tongues to snatch insects to eat. Many species of Chameleon can change color for the purposes of camouflage, communication, and temperature regulation.
History: Chameleons are found in Africa and Asia, though they have been introduced and become invasive species in the United States, in places like Hawaii, California and Florida. Chameleons have many unique features, including their long sticky tongues used to snatch up insects, their armored eyes that move independently of one another, their distinctive zygodactylous feet, their prehensile tails, and their shield-like head crests. But by far they are most well-known for their color changing ability. They accomplish this by changing the amount of space between crystals found in their skin, which changes how light reflects on it.
Scientific Name: : Family Chamaeleonidae
Characteristics: Though small, this mini Chameleon figure includes all the notable features of these lizards, including their head crest, unique feet, large bulging eyes, and curled tail.
Size: About 1 ¼ inches long, These minis are about the size of a small paperclip. | <urn:uuid:1f9ae0b7-ff89-4058-8731-7adac05c3eeb> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.growingtreetoys.com/products/safari-ltd-good-luck-minis-chameleons | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.955393 | 266 | 3.265625 | 3 |
Achyranthes aspera (Amaranthaceae) is an important medicinal herb found as a weed throughout India. Though almost all of its parts are used in traditional systems of medicines, seeds, roots and shoots are the most important parts which are used medicinally.The present article gives an account of updated information on its phytochemical and pharmacological properties.
1. With anti-rheumatic, antibacterial, antispasmodic, astringent, antitussive,
2. Curing flatulence, wound scab, facilitate digestion, diuretic, pass through, phlegm, fever, or high blood pressure.
3. Disease prevention, promote pathological regression, sedation, stimulation,
4. Promoting perspiration, make up the body, de-worming, treatment trauma and other effects
1. Applied in Medicine and health products.
2. Applied in pharmaceutical field. | <urn:uuid:db18f40e-4b03-4849-b961-6b6ec4f06fb3> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.herbalfoodshop.com/products/factory-direct-supply-100-natural-twotooth-achyranthes-root-extract/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.841909 | 191 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Trade freedom is a composite measure of the absence of tariff and non-tariff barriers that affect imports and exports of goods and services.
In an economically free country, there would be no constraints on the flow of investment capital. Individuals and firms would be allowed to move their resources into and out of specific activities, both internally and across the country’s borders, without restriction. Such an ideal country would receive a score of 100 on the investment freedom component of the Index of Economic Freedom.
Financial freedom is a measure of banking efficiency as well as a measure of independence from government control and interference in the financial sector. State ownership of banks and other financial institutions such as insurers and capital markets reduces competition and generally lowers the level of available services. In an ideal banking and financing environment where a minimum level of government interference exists, independent central bank supervision and regulation of financial institutions are limited to enforcing contractual obligations and preventing fraud. Credit is allocated on market terms, and the government does not own financial institutions. Financial institutions provide various types of financial services to individuals and companies. Banks are free to extend credit, accept deposits, and conduct operations in foreign currencies. Foreign financial institutions operate freely and are treated the same as domestic institutions. | <urn:uuid:f3a7c992-b52e-4ea5-af38-3bca2f69df22> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.heritage.org/index/open-markets | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.935948 | 245 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Thermal-Hydraulic-Mechanical (THM) Coupling Behaviour of Fractured Rock MassesView this Special Issue
Fracture Behavior of Rock with Initial Damage: Theoretical, Experimental, and Numerical Investigations
Geomaterials such as rock mass often have initial damage under the influence of long-term geological action and hydration corrosion environment. The initial damage affects the integrity and stability of the rock mass, resulting in a difference in the mechanical properties of jointed rock mass and intact one. Therefore, the study of the fracture and failure characteristics of the jointed rock mass is of great significance. Most of the previous researches into the fracture behavior of rock with initial damage are based on model testing, theoretical analysis, and numerical simulation of rock mass with preexisting flaws. This review concentrates on the theoretical, experimental, and numerical efforts that have been devoted to the fracture characteristics of rock or rock-like specimens with preexisting flaws under compression. Some suggestions on the future research work in this field are also given.
In practical engineering structures, natural rock masses often have initial damage such as joints and fissures under the influence of long-term geological action and hydration corrosion environment. These defects affect the integrity of the rock, resulting in nonlinear, heterogeneous, anisotropy, and other characteristics of the rock mass [1, 2]. The mechanical properties of fissured rock mass are significantly different from that of intact rock. Under the action of crustal stress and external load, stress concentration will appear in defects of rock mass, leading to the initiation, extension, and coalescence of new cracks and finally the destruction of the rock mass [3–7]. Therefore, the study of the fracture and failure characteristics of jointed rock mass is of great significance to engineering.
Most researches on the fracture and mechanism characteristics of jointed rock mass are based on the study of the rock model with preexisting flaws [8–13]. And the present researches mainly focus on the exploration of crack initiation criteria, small model experiment, and numerical simulation. Plenty of scholars have devoted their efforts to this research area and have achieved fruitful results [14–17]. However, with the continuous accumulation of research results in this area, in order to avoid repeated work or meaningless work, it is necessary to analyze and summarize these research results. An effective summary can extract general laws from existing research and use them to guide practice. On the other hand, it can also find vacancies and deficiencies from the existing research, so as to point out the direction for the follow-up research of scholars.
Considering that there are few summary works on the fracture behavior of rock with initial damage at present, this review briefly concludes these achievements in theoretical, experimental, and numerical aspects aiming to keep readers informed of the research progress in this field and give them suggestions on the problems and the future research direction.
2. Theoretical Achievements on Fracture Criteria
Fracture criteria and crack initiation mechanism of flaws under compression are essential problems in rock fracture mechanics. Inclined preexisting flaws in rock models are often under the compression and shear stress condition, and the fracture in these rock models under compression is often a kind of mixed-mode fracture. At present, the most basic and commonly used mixed-mode fracture criteria are the maximum tangential stress criterion [18, 19], maximum energy release rate criterion [20–22], and minimum strain energy density factor criterion . Many other criteria are developed based on them .
The maximum tangential stress criterion theory is the most widely used criterion which can be described as the following: (1) crack initiates along the direction of maximum tangential stress, and (2) when the maximum tangential stress at the flaw tip reaches a critical value, the crack initiates. The corresponding formula is as follows: where is the tangential stress at the flaw tip and is the critical value of the tangential stress. The analysis results can well reflect the differences of fracture types of cracks under the action of tension and compression, and the results obtained are in good agreement with the experimental results, which makes it widely used in the theoretical research and practical engineering of rock failure [25–28].
Sih proposed the minimum strain energy density factor criterion and described that the crack initiates along the direction of the minimum strain energy density factor when it reaches a critical value: where is the strain energy density factor and is the critical value of the strain energy density factor. The application of this theory is convenient, and the two-dimensional model is in good agreement with the experimental results [29–31]. However, there are many controversies for the reason that the connection between this theory and the physical nature of material destruction is not clear.
The maximum energy release rate criterion is another energy-based criterion that is widely applied [32, 33]. It proposed that a crack initiates when the maximum energy release rate reaches a critical value which can be accepted readily at the physical level: where is the energy release rate and is the critical value of the energy release rate. However, the value of the energy release rate is not easy to obtain when a crack initiates not along the direction of the original flaw, and it is difficult to explain the fracture path observed by experiments.
With the development of rock fracture mechanics, there are many other theories which have been proposed based on the above classical criteria. Matvienko proposed the maximum mean tangential stress (mean tensile stress along the line in front of the incision) theory, which suggested that the crack growth of rock-like materials always extends along the direction of the maximum mean circumferential stress in the area near the flaw. Khan and Khraisheh proposed a modified maximum tangential stress criterion based on maximum tangential stress, taking into account the elastic-plastic boundary of the flaw tip. Shen [36, 37] proposed a modification of the -criterion for crack propagation subjected to compression named “-criteria.”
These classical and modified criteria are mostly based on mode I fracture (tension fracture) and seldom consider the mode II fracture of compression-shear flaws. As the mode II fracture is nonignorable, many scholars have proposed their theories to predict this mode of fracture [38–40]. Sun [38, 39] analyzed the stress field of the flaw tip under pure shear, developed the criterion of maximum tangential tensile stress, and made it possible to judge the type of shear fracture. Based on the energy release rate criterion, Chang et al. developed a more general composite fracture criterion, which could be used for I-II composite fracture problems, and most of the fracture criteria could be degraded by it.
However, until now, many fracture mechanics theories remain controversial, and there is a lack of a commonly applicable or generally accepted theory. Moreover, theoretical studies on rock fracture mainly focus on 2D crack propagation, and there are few studies on three-dimensional crack because of the complexity of this situation. Therefore, the theoretical research on rock fracture in the future should focus on exploring a more reasonable two-dimensional fracture theory and strengthening the research on three-dimensional crack growth.
3. Experimental Specimens and Results
Experimental research is a primary way to explore the failure mode and fracture mechanism of rock for its function in reflecting the actual situation of rock fracture progress more directly and veritably. In the past decades, scholars have applied many kinds of specimens that vary in materials, numbers, and types of preexisting two-dimensional flaws as shown in Table 1.
Undoubtedly, natural rocks are ideal materials for the experiment and should be the first choice for researchers [41, 42, 44–47, 49, 63, 64]. The most widely used rock materials are granite, sandstone, and marble. In addition, rock-like materials, such as cement mortar, gypsum, glass, and PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate), can also be applied to make specimens to simulate rocks for the reason that they have similar mechanical properties with rock and are easy to produce [50, 51, 54, 56–58].
Many scholars have employed the specimens containing different numbers of preexisting flaws to investigate the fracture characteristics of rock mass with different numbers of joints. Single-flaw specimens are often used to investigate crack initiation and propagation [3, 8, 10, 59], while multiflaw specimens are mainly employed to study the interaction of preexisting flaws and the coalescence after crack initiation and propagation [12, 55, 60]. A large number of experimental studies indicated that the crack initiation from the 2D preexisting flaws could be generally classified into two types [9, 39, 64]: wing (or primary) cracks and secondary cracks as shown in Figure 1. Wing cracks appear first, which are the tensile cracks that initiate from the tips of the flaw and propagate in a stable manner towards the direction of maximum compression. Secondary cracks are generally described as shear cracks or shear zones. Secondary cracks initiate from the tips of the flaw, and two directions are possible: (1) coplanar or quasicoplanar to the flaw and (2) with an inclination similar to the wing cracks but in the opposite direction (antiwing crack).
Apart from a single flaw, specimens containing two or more flaws were always employed to investigate the coalescence pattern of the cracks. Shen et al. observed that the coalescence modes of the cracks are determined by the fracture-bridge inclination and indicated 5 types of coalescence. Bobet and Einstein carried out uniaxial and biaxial compression tests on gypsum specimens with preexisting flaws and identified five different types of coalescence with a combination of tensile and shearing processes. Park and Bobet found that in specimens with more than two flaws, coalescence could be produced by the linkage through wing cracks, secondary cracks, or their combination. Figure S1 presents some experimental results of rock specimens containing more than one flaw. It can be seen clearly that the preexisting flaws in the specimen are interrelated, and different numbers and locations of flaws will lead to different types of crack coalescence.
Due to the limitation of test conditions, most of the experimental studies mentioned above are about the initiation and propagation of two-dimensional flaws. However, most of the flaws in the actual rock mass are three-dimensional flaws, which are usually in the inner part of the rock mass. Moreover, most of the simulated materials used by scholars are opaque materials, making it difficult to directly observe the initiation and propagation process of rock fractures and understand the propagation state of cracks in the rock mass under different stress states in real time. Therefore, the researches of three-dimensional flaws have made slow progress in a long period of time. In the 1990s, Dyskin et al. [66–68] used resin materials to make specimens with three-dimensional surface flaws. Uniaxial and triaxial compression tests were then carried out on these specimens after treatment at low temperature. The experimental results show that the growth of the wing crack stops when it grows to a certain extent because the enveloped wing crack is generated at the edge of the prefabricated flaw. That is completely different from 2D situations. In 2004, Wong et al. employed marble and PMMA specimens containing three-dimensional surface flaws to study the expansion mechanism of this kind of flaw. During the test, it was found that not only a wing crack but also a petal-shaped crack (Figure S2) which has not appeared in 2D situations appeared in the tip area of the flaw. This study shows that the propagation process of a surface crack is influenced by the material properties, specimen thickness, flaw depth, and flaw inclination. In 2016, Zhu et al. developed a kind of transparent rock-like material with similar properties to rock to observe and study the propagation and connection mechanism of the internal three-dimensional flaw. The experimental results show that the secondary cracks have different propagation and transfixion modes under different bridge angles and flaw spacing. The secondary cracks observed in the test included wing cracks, antiwing cracks, and petal-like cracks under the action of tension and shear.
No matter in two-dimensional or three-dimensional cases, the numerous above-mentioned experimental results show that the initial damage in rock has a huge impact on its mechanical properties and cracking process, which is reflected in the following: (1) The strength of rock with initial damage is far less than that of intact rock. (2) The initial damage is the inducement of crack initiation. Under the action of load, almost all of the cracks initiate from the preexisting flaws. And (3) the number, location, and type of the initial flaws will determine the initiation, propagation, and coalescence of cracks that are induced by external stress, resulting in different failure modes of specimens.
Almost all of the experimental study on three-dimensional flaws found that there are many differences between three-dimensional flaws and two-dimensional flaws in rock mass, which indicates that an experimental test of three-dimensional flaws is extremely necessary for the study of actual rock mass flaws. In addition, most of the present three-dimensional experiments focus on three-dimensional surface flaws using completely homogeneous transparent materials. Considering that most flaws in the rock mass are located in the inside of the rock mass and the rock material is heterogeneous, the future research in this field should focus on three-dimensional internal flaws and find more suitable materials to simulate the influence of heterogeneity on the fracture of the rock mass.
4. Numerical Simulation Methods
In recent years, with the deepening of mathematical and mechanical theories and the rapid development of computer technology, numerical simulation methods have been widely used in the theoretical research and engineering problem processing of geotechnical engineering [70–77]. The main numerical simulation methods for the jointed rock mass-related problem are the Finite Element Method (FEM), Finite Difference Method (FDM), Element-Free Method (EFM) and Boundary Element Method (BEM), Discrete Element Method (DEM), Numerical Manifold Method (NMM), and Discontinuous Deformation Analysis (DDA).
FEM is the widely used simulation method in the study of rock fracture mechanics [78, 79]. The solution of the stress field at the crack tip, the calculation of the stress intensity factor, and the -integral can all be solved by FEM. Bittencourt et al. used a local mesh adjustment technique to simulate crack propagation of linear elastic materials in the two-dimensional finite element program. Li and Wong analyzed the influence of a preexisting flaw inclination angle on the initiation position and angle of the potential cracks by FEM analysis on the stress field distribution. However, FEM has many inconveniences in simulating the rock fracture process. For example, when analyzing crack growth and some extremely large deformation problems, it needs to constantly redraw the grid, thus increasing the workload. To avoid such problems, in 1999, Belytschko [82, 83] proposed a new method to deal with the discontinuity problem—Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM). In XFEM, the finite element mesh and crack are independent of each other, which makes it convenient to analyze discontinuities of cracked bodies, leading to its widespread application [84–86]. Xie et al. used XFEM to investigate the crack initiation and propagation in rock-like material with closed fissure under uniaxial compression. Zhuang et al. compared the fracture behavior of unfilled and filled preexisting flaws by XFEM and found that they were different in crack initiation stress and angle.
FLAC3D is the most widely used FDM software which can solve many complex engineering problems that are difficult to be simulated by the finite element program because of its fast Lagrangian explicit finite-difference method. Fu et al. imported a new modified elastic-brittle theory into FLAC3D to simulate the fracture development of jointed rock mass, and the results are in good agreement with the experiment. By employing FLAC3D, Guo et al. perfectly captured the general features of brittle materials under compression including the fracturing process and AE events as well as stress-strain curves and found that peak stress and crack initiation stress are both heterogeneity dependent.
With the rapid development of computing technology, more and more scholars pay attention to DEM to simulate the crack initiation and propagation of rock materials . DEM treats rock materials as a collective composed of a large number of tiny particles. For crack initiation and propagation, the PFC has been widely accepted by scholars, and the numerical results show great agreement with the experimental results [92–103]. Potyondy introduced the basic principle of particle flow in detail and adopted the bonded particle model (BPM) to simulate the mechanical properties of rock material. Manouchehrian et al. applied BPM in PFC2D to study the effect of the flaw orientation on the crack propagation mechanism in brittle materials such as rocks under various compressive loads. The numerical results show that the flaw inclination angle and confinement pressure have a strong influence on crack initiation and propagation behavior. Based on the parallel bond model, Zhang and Wong investigated the crack initiation and propagation under uniaxial compressive loading and got similar results with Manouchehrian et al. .
Figure S3 shows a comparison of the simulation results of the three most commonly used methods for simulating rock fracture processes. The crack path can be seen clearly in XFEM, but restricted by the single selection of the cracking criteria, only wing cracks appear in the simulation results, and no other secondary cracks appear. In FLAC3D, because of the indivisibility of the mesh, there is no real crack in the simulation results, only the plastic elements can be used to represent the rock failure, and the crack shown in the figure is composed of the plastic elements. Compared with the above two methods, PFC has a great advantage in simulating rock cracking. The fracture of the bond between particles is applied to simulate the rock fracture, which is more in line with the actual situation. In addition, it can simulate the initiation and propagation of tensile cracks and shear cracks simultaneously. This makes its simulation results closest to the experimental results in many simulation methods. Therefore, DEM that is represented by PFC gradually becomes the most widely employed method to simulate rock fracture behavior.
It is worth noting that although many researchers have employed numerical methods to simulate the compression of rock specimens with initial flaws, the simulation results often differ from the real situation. The main reason is that the present simulation methods often assume that the material is completely homogeneous in the simulation and do not consider the weakening of the mechanical properties of the material caused by the expansion of cracks in the compression process, which is quite different from the actual situation. Therefore, future research on numerical simulation should focus on solving the above two problems to make the simulation results more practical.
5. Discussion and Conclusions
The study of the fracture and failure characteristics of jointed rock mass is of considerable significance to engineering. This review summarizes the recent achievements of investigation into the fracture behaviors of rock with initial damage in theoretical, experimental, and numerical aspects, respectively, and gives some suggestions on future researches.
Many fracture criteria have been proposed that can describe the fracture behavior of precracked specimens under compression. However, until now, there is a lack of a commonly applicable or generally accepted theory. And there are few studies on three-dimensional flaws. Therefore, the theoretical research on rock fracture in the future should focus on exploring a more reasonable two-dimensional fracture theory and strengthening the research on three-dimensional crack growth.
Plenty of experimental results on rock specimens with preexisting flaws show that there are often two types of cracks in a 2D situation: wing crack and secondary crack. And the coalescence types of cracks in the specimen with multiple flaws are dependent on geometry of flaws. Moreover, many differences between three-dimensional flaws and two-dimensional flaws in rock mass have been found, which indicates that an experimental test of three-dimensional flaws is extremely necessary for the study of actual rock mass flaws. Therefore, future research in this field should focus on three-dimensional internal flaws and find more suitable materials to simulate the influence of heterogeneity on the fracture of the rock mass.
Numerical simulation is a beneficial supplement and verification of the experimental analysis and theoretical research. Different kinds of methods have been indicated that could substantially simulate the fracture behavior of specimens with preexisting flaws. DEM, which shows a substantial advantage of crack initiation and propagation, has been gradually accepted by more scholars. Future research on numerical simulation should focus on considering the heterogeneity of the material and the weakening of the mechanical properties of the material in the process of crack growth to make the simulation results more practical.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Hui Zhang provides the idea of the article and writes the text. Panpan Guo offers detailed guidance on the method of the article. Yixian Wang mainly collects the theoretical achievements of this research area. Yanlin Zhao, Lin Hang, Yan Liu, and Yahui Shao revise the final version of the paper.
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51774107, 51774322, 51774131, and 51874112), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (JD2020JGPY0011), the State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology (Beijing Institute of Technology) (No. KFJJ19-02M), and the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 2018JJ2500).
Figure S1: some experimental results of rock specimens containing more than one flaw: (a) two flaws ; (b) three flaws ; (c) multiple flaws . Figure S2: petal cracks in a specimen containing a 3D surface flaw observed by Wong et al. . Figure S3: different simulation results of cracks in rock specimens: (a) XFEM ; (b) FLAC3D ; (c) PFC . (Supplementary Materials)
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How do ministers know what policies have been tried before? Why do certain policy challenges keep appearing on the political agenda? How are historical insights injected into debates concerning ‘what works? How do we draw down on collective memory and avoid reinventing the wheel? How can historians play a larger role in supporting and informing contemporary policymaking?
A new pilot project has just been launched which seeks to explore these issues. Funded by the University of London’s School of Advanced Study, the ‘Lessons from History’ project has as its focus the papers of former Home Secretary, David Blunkett (Baron Blunkett of Brightside and Hillsborough in the City of Sheffield) who in 2015 donated his personal papers to the University of Sheffield. These comprise over 260 boxes of material stretching from the 1940s to the present day.
will develop a ‘proof of concept’ case study around sentencing policy, using the Blunkett papers to create a set of educational and training materials in a process of dialogue with current and former policy-makers.
aims to prepare the ground for a more ambitious national project drawing on private political papers deposited across the UK.
The ‘Lessons from History’ project is focused on building boundary-spanning research infrastructure at the intersection of history (broadly defined) and contemporary policymaking. As the 2015 report by the Institute for Government demonstrated, history has huge potential for informing contemporary policy making and through this delivering better government and more effective policies. But that potential is currently not realised due to the existence of several barriers and blockages.
Lord Blunkett, who chairs the project’s advisory council, explains: ‘During my long career in politics I have always been puzzled by two things: the first was the way in which the same policy dilemmas kept popping-up on the agenda, the second was the paucity of historical evidence that policymakers seemed to have at their fingertips about what policy responses had been tried in the past and therefore ‘what worked’. The institutional memory in Whitehall is ridiculously short and the aim of this project is to explore exactly how ‘lessons from history’ might be more effectively utilised’
Angela Haighton, Head of Head of Special Collections, Heritage, and Archives at the University of Sheffield noted, ‘The University of Sheffield Library is delighted to support this project. The Blunkett Archives are a rich source of evidence and this project provides an excellent opportunity to demonstrate how archival research, and the deeper understanding of the past that it provides, can inform and improve future decision making.’
Philip Murphy at the IHR notes, “This important new initiative provides an opportunity to explore the value of private political papers, not just as a source of evidence for academic researchers but as a learning resource for policy-makers. While they are sometimes overlooked in discussions of how we can learn from the past, private papers offer unique insights into the wide range of influences that go into shaping policy.”
A 6-month post-doctoral research fellowship attached to the project has just been advertised by the University of London. The deadline for applications is 12 March. Details can be found here | <urn:uuid:f5189166-55b3-462a-badd-26bb03e252b3> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.history.ac.uk/news/lessons-history | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.952262 | 656 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Darfur is a region in the west of Sudan, bordering Chad, in north-east Africa. Before the conflict Darfur had an ethnically mixed population of around 6 million black Africans and Arabs.
In 2003, a civil war began in the region between the sedentary population of black African farmers and the lighter-skinned nomadic Arab population. The Sudanese Government supported Arab militia – the Janjaweed – who destroyed hundreds of villages and murdered thousands of people. These atrocities have been condemned as genocide by the International Criminal Court and several governments around the world.
The genocide resulted in the murder of approximately 200,000 people, although estimates vary and this figure could be much higher. International peacekeepers, aid agencies and the media have struggled to keep accurate records or find accurate information. Around 2.5 million people were displaced at this time. They were forced to flee their homes to makeshift refugee camps in Darfur and Chad run by international aid agencies.
Although these initial atrocities occurred between 2003-2005, to this day violence is ongoing within the region and the situation continues to evolve.
Watch our video to learn more about Sudan’s genocide in Darfur and countrywide persecution and atrocities.
Top image: Um Zeifa burning village, © Brian Steidle | <urn:uuid:649de148-8698-4977-ba1a-3ed580bf3c53> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.hmd.org.uk/learn-about-the-holocaust-and-genocides/darfur/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.954081 | 258 | 3.5625 | 4 |
Have you recently purchased an older home? If you are eager to start restorations on your older home, there are some precautions you should take.
Some older homes contain a harmful mineral substance called asbestos. World wide each year, 125 million people are at risk for asbestos exposure. So where is asbestos found in your home? Continue reading to find out.
Where Is Asbestos Found?
When restoring your home, there are common areas that asbestos may be hiding. The most prevalent area inside homes is in popcorn ceilings. Popcorn ceilings are ceilings with texture.
When scraping off the texture on the popcorn ceiling, it releases asbestos fibers. These microscopic dust fibers can go through masks.
Another common asbestos areas inside homes are insulation pipes. This is especially true for homes built during the Victorian era or late 1800s.
Plumbing systems typically had asbestos insulation wrapped around the pipes. Being near the plumbing system exposes you to asbestos, but it increases if you cut into it.
Additionally, vinyl floors are another area inside your home that is hiding asbestos. This is a common issue in homes built in the 1950s because it was a common ingredient in the flooring. Using a scraper to remove the flooring can spread the toxic fibers.
Although, there are more areas asbestos can be lurking in your home. In all the scenarios, you should reach out to professionals to have it tested and removed.
How to Detect Asbestos in Your House
You cannot see asbestos with a naked eye, although the house history may give you some hints. To detect asbestos, you must collect samples of the suspected asbestos area. There are two options you may take when collecting the samples, depending on your state.
The first option is that you collect the samples yourself. You can purchase the at-home asbestos checking kit and send it to the lab for testing. Consequently, this does put you at risk of exposure.
The second option is to hire trained professionals to check for asbestos inside your home. The Environmental Protection Agency or EPA recommends this option. The professionals know how to safely handle asbestos and minimize exposure risk.
Effects of Asbestos Exposure
There are four diseases that asbestos can inflict on a person.
On average, 90,000 people die each year globally from asbestos-related diseases.
Asbestos is a common cause of mesothelioma. Mesothelioma is a form of cancer that affects the tissue lining of your organs. Also asbestos can cause lung cancer.
Another potential disease someone may develop is Pleural disease. Pleural disease impacts the lining of the lungs, which can cause breathing problems.
Lastly, Asbestosis is another lung-related disease asbestos can cause. It’s a chronic lung condition that will cause the individual to seek supportive care.
Asbestos-related diseases decrease your quality of life. It also decreases your life expectancy severely, if you’re exposed for long periods of time.
Learn More About Areas With Asbestos
We hope we brought awareness of the answer to the question ‘where is asbestos found’ inside your home. It’s important that you take proper precautions due to the dangers of asbestos.
When you’re ready to seek out professional help for your home restoration, contact us. Here at Hometown Restoration, we care about your health and safety. You can get a quote today from us. | <urn:uuid:f12e35fc-a3e6-47f0-8422-3d70241e1f55> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.hometownrestoration.com/where-is-asbestos-found-in-homes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.921958 | 690 | 3 | 3 |
By Stanley Turkel, CMHS
1. Hotel History: The Jefferson Hotel (155 rooms) Tobacco baron Lewis Ginter began building the hotel in 1892 and opened it in 1895. Designed by Carrère and Hastings, the same architecture firm that designed the New York Public Library on Fifth Avenue, the Ponce de Leon Hotel (St. Augustine), Flagler's Whitehall Mansion (Palm Beach), the House and Senate Office Buildings (Washington, D.C.) and many more.
As a centerpiece for the upper lobby, Ginter commissioned Richmond sculptor Edward V. Valentine to create a life-size image of Thomas Jefferson from Carrara marble. Ginter imported exotic palm trees from Central and South America and purchased hundreds of valuable antiques. The hotel had electric lights, electric elevators, hot and cold water in the guestrooms and a Teleseme (predecessor of the telephone) for room service. Other unusual amenities were a grill room, ladies’ salon, a library, Turkish and Russian baths. The hotel opened on Halloween 1895 for the engagement party for Charles Dana Gibson, the famous illustrator and Irene Langhorne, better known as the Gibson Girl.
In 1901, a fire demolished three-fifths of the building. One hundred guestrooms fronting on Franklin Street were intact and reopened in May of 1902, but major reconstruction was required in the portion facing Main Street and the hotel languished for several more years. Then, in 1905, the furniture and accessories were replaced and marbleized columns and Edwardian and rococo touches were added. The Grand Staircase and the Mezzanine, both formerly enclosed behind arched walls, were opened and the hotel expanded to include 330 new rooms in addition to the 100 remaining from the original structure. In May, 1907, the enlarged hotel was reopened in time for the Jamestown Exposition. The restoration was designed by architect J. Kevan Peebles, who also designed the new wing of the Virginia State Capitol. At about this time, alligators were placed in the marble pools in the Palm Court. Many Richmond citizens donated pet alligators to the hotel. One apocryphal anecdote tells the story of an alligator who crawled out of the pool and into the library where a senior-aged guest mistook the alligator for a footstool. When the “footstool” moved, she became hysterical and ran out screaming. By the time she convinced hotel attendants, the alligator had already slithered back to his watery pool. The last alligator, Old Pompey, remained a guest at the Jefferson pool until he died in 1948.
During World War II, the hotel lodged transient U.S. Army recruits. The stained-glass skylights and windows were taken down not only to conform to blackout requirements, but also to prevent breakage from empty bottles tossed by rowdy soldiers. In March 1944, another fire broke out which took the lives of six people. Soon after the war ended, a gradual decline set in. By 1980 the hotel was closed to everyone except the occasional moviemaker.
After acquisition by the New York-based Sybedon Corporation, renovation began in 1983 and $34 million later, the hotel was reopened on May 6, 1986. Old paint was removed from walls to reveal mahogany paneling and from exterior columns to uncover pure marble. Hand-carved fireplace mantels, ornate ceiling fixtures, wall sconces, writing tables and assorted bric-a-brac were cleaned, polished and restored. Beautiful stained-glass windows were retrieved, refurbished and restored. Decorative carvings on ceilings and gold leaf ornamentation were renovated. An original heavy brass mailbox with an eagle, rosettes and lettering was refinished and placed in the registration area.
Disclosure: I served as hotel consultant to the Sybedon Corporation
On July 2, 1991, the Jefferson was sold to Historic Hotels, Inc., a Richmond-based group of investors. In the next year a multi-million dollar renovation began, which included redecoration of all guestrooms and suites, the Rotunda and the Palm Court, enhanced parking and improved amenities. The hotel's 155 guestrooms and suites come in 57 different styles, all outfitted with high ceilings, large windows and custom furnishings. A full-service health club is on-site, and the Jefferson Hotel also boasts two of Richmond's finest restaurants and a Champagne Sunday Brunch.
Among the list of celebrities and notable guests who have visited here are: 13 U.S. Presidents, Charles Lindbergh, Henry Ford, Charlie Chaplin, Elvis Presley, Frank Sinatra, Anthony Hopkins, Whoopi Goldberg, John D. Rockefeller, Jr., Gertrude Stein, General John J. Pershing, Marshall Foch, William Jennings Bryan, Sarah Bernhardt, Scott and Zelda Fitzgerald, Ray Charles, Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes. Sergei Rachmaninoff played the piano in the Grand Ballroom and Bill (Bojangles) Robinson was “discovered” as he waited tables in the dining room.
For many guests and visitors, the dramatic 36-step polished marble staircase has been the cynosure of all eyes. Since the film classic "Gone With the Wind" was allegedly filmed on the Jefferson Hotel staircase, it is hard to stand at the base without visualizing Rhett Butler carrying Scarlett O'Hara up those stairs.
The Jefferson Hotel is one of only 27 American hotels with both the AAA Five-Diamond and the Forbes Five-Star ratings. It is a member of the Historic Hotels of America and the National Trust for Historic Preservation.
*Excerpted from my book “Built To Last: 100+ Year-Old Hotels East of the Mississippi (AuthorHouse 2013)
2. If You Need an Expert Witness I have served as an expert consultant and/or witness in more than 50 hotel-related lawsuits. Those cases involved the following subjects: 1) hurricane damage and business interruption claims 2) wrongful deaths 3) fire and other catastrophes 4) slip and fall accidents 5) franchisor/franchisee disputes 6) management contract disagreements 7) carbon monoxide poisoning, etc. Visit my website (www.stanleyturkel.com) and click on Litigation Support.
A knowledgeable hotel expert can provide an attorney with a thorough understanding of hotel industry standards and practice, compelling testimony, thoughtful report writing and indispensable litigation support assistance. Don’t hesitate to contact me. | <urn:uuid:912a9f9e-49b2-4b37-b50d-99e7738c65be> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.hotel-online.com/press_releases/release/nobody-asked-me-but-no-154-hotel-history-the-jefferson-hotel-1895-richmond/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.949234 | 1,344 | 2.578125 | 3 |
The baby spinach nutrition will be explained deeply in this article. As we know, spinach was popularized by Popeye recently. We even still remember how strong he is when eating a can of spinach to defeat his enemies. What Popeye did is not entirely wrong because spinach contains many nutrients inside its green color. For your information, spinach is very low especially in calories. Moreover, it is also fat-free. So, what is the different between spinach and baby spinach? Both are spinach, but baby spinach is a kind of spinach which is harvested earlier than the schedule. As a result, the leaves are smaller and tenderer than the normal one. For the nutritional information, both spinach and baby spinach have the same nutrients by the way.
Going through to the topic, the baby spinach nutrition contains with the same nutrition with the mature spinach. We start from a cup of raw baby spinach. It contains around 7 calories only. This amount is very fat free. This baby spinach also provides 1 gram of filling fiber too. Secondly, a half cup of cooked spinach contains higher calories at 20, 2g fiber and 3g protein. That is all nutrients that you may find inside baby spinach. Some studies also report that spinach is usually loaded with some minerals and vitamins. We will talk further about that nutrition below.
After you see some baby spinach nutrition above, this leave also provides vitamins. As we know, vitamins are very important for our body. Without them, we cannot imagine how strong our immune system against virus or illness. The highest vitamin that we found inside spinach is Vitamin A and Vitamin K. There is also folate here which is useful for childbearing age women. In other words, the women who get this age will take more risk for neural tube defects. For your information, a cup of raw spinach will give us more Vitamin K. This vitamin has health benefits such as smoothing blood clotting in our body. Moreover, the Vitamin A is necessary for our vision, skin, bone and immune system.
We also said that the baby spinach nutrition may contain minerals. Based on research, baby spinach becomes the source of copper, magnesium, iron and of course potassium. A cup of raw spinach will give you around 4% of potassium for your daily value with 8% of magnesium. We also found around 5% iron which is necessary to carry the oxygen from our longs to other important organs.
How to Enjoy
Now, it is time to know how to enjoy baby spinach nutrition without ruining or removing them through your serving. As we know, baby spinach is very tender and soft. So, it would not be a matter if you served it for your salad. To serve it with your salad, combine this leave with other fruits such as strawberries, vegetables and even grilled chicken. Moreover, you can also put a handful of baby spinach into your soups in rainy day. With this way, we believe that you can get maximum health benefits of baby spinach easily. Talking about health benefits, here are some health benefits that you can receive when consuming the spinach.
As we said on the baby spinach nutrition above, these leaves offer very low calories. It is just around 23 calories per 100gram of spinach. As a result, spinach is good for you who want to fight against cholesterol and obesity. In other words, spinach can be cholesterol controller too. Thanks to the soluble dietary fiber which is consisted in spinach green leaves. It is no wonder anymore that spinach becomes one of the finest vegetables which are effective for diet programs. For you who are in this program, please do not forget to add baby spinach as one of your ingredients especially in the morning.
Strengthening Bone Mass and Brain
The Vitamin K is included on baby spinach nutrition. We will get around 402 percent per 100 gram of fresh and green spinach. For your information, Vitamin K focuses on strengthening our bone mass. It can be done by promoting the ostepthropic process which happens inside our bone. Moreover, this vitamin is also active to reduce Alzheimer’s disease on the patients. It will limit the neuronal damage which usually happens in the patient’s brain. Bone and brain are the most important parts of human. Thus, consuming baby spinach will aid us to prevent those illnesses easily.
Blood Pressure and Heart Rate
Furthermore about the baby spinach nutrition, we have mentioned about minerals’ content inside this green leafy. For your information, potassium has a big role to control our blood pressure and heart rate. As we know, it is one of the minerals that we found in spinach. In addition, there are also some nutrients like manages and chopper which are treated as antioxidant. The red blood cells are managed by copper. Meanwhile, zinc is actively important to regulate our body development. | <urn:uuid:81023a77-c304-4725-a0dd-77896c9bd8f0> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.hotfrommyoven.com/baby-spinach-nutrition-and-how-to-enjoy-it-with-maximum-health-benefits/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00500.warc.gz | en | 0.95004 | 966 | 2.625 | 3 |
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