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US-201816219726-A_3 | USPTO | Public Domain | FIG. 26 illustrates an optional adhesion layer 2650/2655 that may be employed together with the modified Al—Ge alloy system. In addition to the barrier layers (e.g., barrier layers 2310 and 2315), the adhesion layers 2650 and 2655 can further improve the adhesion of the barrier layers themselves to the wafers.
FIGS. 27A-27B illustrate a variant of the modified Al—Ge alloy technique, where the alloy formation only consumes a portion of the disclosed modified Al and/or Ge layers. As discussed above, the Al—Ge eutectic bonding techniques disclosed here include carefully designing the thickness of the Al and Ge materials layer for the bonding such that in some implementations, after bonding, there can be residual Al layer and/or residual Ge materials. One valuable application of the residual layer (e.g., residual Al layer) is that, if designed and manufactured properly, it can function as a mirror structure for the photodetectors. In the example shown in FIG. 27A, the Al—Ge stack sequence starts from Al then Ge. After Al—Ge eutectic alloy formation, the formed Ge layer is completely consumed in the alloy formation process, but there is residual Al left unused. The residual Al layers 2760 and 2765 are shown in FIG. 27B. This can be achieved by fine tuning Al and Ge layer thicknesses. Roughly speaking, the consumption ratio of Al and Ge in the Al—Ge eutectic alloy formation process is approximately 1:1, which can be used to control the existence and the thickness of the residual Al layer(s).
FIGS. 28A-28B illustrate another variant of the modified Al—Ge alloy technique, where a suppression type modification (e.g., via certain impurity doping) is used to more precisely control the amount of Al—Ge eutectic alloy layer formation. Utilizing the technique of suppression type of impurity doping (discussed above) and in view of what is discussed above with respect to FIG. 27A-27B, one can even more precisely control the location and/or pattern of the residual Al layer. In the example shown in FIG. 28A, an enhancement type of dopant is used in modified germanium layer 2800, while a suppression type of dopant is used in another modified germanium layer 2830. After eutectic bonding, as shown in FIG. 28B, the enhancement type modified Ge layer 2800, as well as a modified Al layer 2810, has mixed with other Al/Ge layers on the other wafer and formed the Al—Ge eutectic alloy bonding layer 2850 that bonds the two wafers together. However, both the suppression type Ge layer 2830 and the aluminum layer 2840 below the layer 2830 remain unreacted.
FIGS. 29A-29D illustrate an example method that utilizes different modified Al—Ge alloy techniques on selected areas to induce different effects (e.g., enhanced or suppressed) in eutectic alloy formation in those areas. In the illustrated example, the first wafer includes a modified (e.g., enhancement) type of Ge layer 2900, but in the same height level, there are two areas that have a different modified (e.g., suppression) type of Ge layer 2910. Similarly, on the second wafer, there is a modified (e.g., enhancement) type Ge layer 2905 but with a local area that has a different modified (e.g., suppression) type of Ge layer 2915. In some implementations, the different types of impurity dopants in layers 2900 and 2910 are implanted locally using ion implantation. Additionally, surface treatment may also be performed locally and on individual wafers. FIG. 29B shows the two wafers being aligned and ready for eutectic bonding, and FIG. 29C shows the structure after the bonding processes. As shown in FIG. 29C, not only are the suppression type local Ge layers 2910 and 2915 remain unused in the Al—Ge eutectic alloy formation, but their suppression effect also leaves partial, unreacted Ge and/or Al layers around them, creating a unique, cave like structure in the Al—Ge eutectic alloy bonding layer 2950. Thereafter, optionally, the unreacted Ge and/or Al layers may be removed, e.g., by submerging the resulting wafer into chemical etching liquid with suitable selectivity. An example of the resulting structure after removing unreacted Ge/Al layers is shown in FIG. 29D.
FIG. 30 illustrates an example application scenario in which the modified Al—Ge eutectic alloy bonding technique is applied on a wafer that includes formed semiconductor devices (e.g., photodetectors). As shown in FIG. 30, the CMOS or MEMS wafer (labeled as wafer #1 or #2) can include a number of semiconductor devices 3000 on the wafer's front side surface. According to one or more embodiments, applications of this technique may include CMOS logic devices, CMOS image sensors, photonics, MEMS, etc. Examples of the semiconductor devices 3000 (including optical devices) may include CMOS transistors, transducers, microelectromechanical devices, photodetectors, waveguides, optical-electrical modulators, light-emitting diodes and laser diodes, microfluid devices or sensors.
The devices 3000 may be enclosed and protected in, e.g., a dielectric layer 3050. The dielectric layer 3050 may be planarized before the bonding materials deposition (e.g., barrier layer, modified Al layer, and modified Ge layer) to reduce surface topology. Example materials for the dielectric layer 3050 can include silicon oxide, or silicon nitride. In some embodiments, there can be vias (i.e., vertical interconnects) in the dielectric layer 3050. In addition, depending on the application, the back surface of the substrate of the wafer may be thinned to a thickness below 100 μm after or prior to the eutectic bonding processes discussed here. FIGS. 31A-31B illustrate the modified Al—Ge bonding techniques applied on a wafer with formed semiconductor devices, such as the one shown in FIG. 30. In FIG. 31A, the wafer in FIG. 30 is aligned and ready for eutectic bonding with a second wafer that includes aluminum and germanium layers modified by the techniques (e.g., enhancement type impurity doping) disclosed here. FIG. 31B shows the resulting mixed Al—Ge eutectic alloy that bonds the two wafers.
Putting it all together, FIGS. 32A-32F illustrate various examples of photodetector circuitry formed using the bonding techniques disclosed here to form mirror or other optical structures. The first example shown in FIG. 32A includes at least a semiconductor device that is a photodetector (PD). In the specific example, the disclosed Al—Ge bonding technique can be used to control the amount of Al/Ge used in the Al—Ge eutectic alloy formation such that a residual layer of Al can remain after alloying. For example, to achieve the structure as shown, a stack including, in the top-down order, an enhancement type modified Ge layer, a modified Al layer, a suppression type modified Ge layer, another modified Al layer, and a barrier layer, on top of the first wafer. The second wafer can be the same second wafer as shown in FIG. 23A. The residual Al layer can function as a back reflector for the photodetector, thereby making the PD a double-pass type with increased quantum efficiency.
FIG. 32B shows another implementation of the example structure in FIG. 32A. In FIG. 32B's example, layers of dielectric material are inserted in between the discussed modified materials stack that includes the {enhancement type Ge/Al/suppression type of Ge/Al/barrier}. In this example, the top two Ge—Al layers are for eutectic wafer bonding formation, and the suppression type of modified Ge serves as a separation layer. Because the eutectic alloy formation terminates at the suppression type modified Ge layer, the additional dielectric layers are not affected by the eutectic alloy formation process. The thickness, material type, and the total number of layers of the dielectric layers here in FIG. 32B are selected to provide additional optical properties for the incident light for the photodetector. For example, the dielectric layers can be designed and implemented to function as a layered distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) mirror.
FIG. 32C is another example technique extended from the disclosed Al—Ge enhancement/suppression techniques. In this example, the aforementioned technique of localized suppression of alloy formation is used to define the shape and pattern of the unreacted Al regime. This pattern may be used for optical purposes, such as a Fresnel zone plate (FZP) or reflective diffraction grating. Specifically, it is observed in the present disclosure that, because the unreacted Al will reflect light while the Al—Ge alloy will partially absorb light, there is a reflectivity difference in the resulting structure, and as such, it can be used as a way to create diffraction. Example applications of this phenomenon are shown in FIGS. 32D-32F.
Note that, for purposes of implementing Al—Ge eutectic alloy techniques disclosed here, the term “pattern” generally refers to the shape and geometry of a certain structure (e.g., of the resulting Al—Ge alloy); it may or may not involve a surface morphology change. Also note that, to easier control the difference in the reflectivity, which mainly comes from the Al—Ge alloy and the cavities, it may be desirable to have unreactive Al/Ge materials removed (e.g., such as discussed with respect to FIG. 29D), depending upon the application. For example, for a reflective mirror implementation, unreacted metallic Al is preferred because it is rather highly reflective, while unreacted Ge below the Al has no function, nor does it interfere with any function, and therefore it would not matter if the unreacted Ge is kept or removed. However, for some other designs such as a cavity resonator, a waveguide, or a microfluid channel, the removal of such unreacted portion may be necessary for the design to function properly. Note that the reflectivity difference between an empty space and Al—Ge alloy is larger than the reflectivity difference between an unreacted Al and Al—Ge alloy, and thus it is possible to form another grating design based on this difference in the reflectivity difference.
FIG. 32D shows a first example application of the technique discussed in FIG. 32C. A reflective type Fresnel zone plate (FZP) pattern 3210 is formed by the partially reacted Al—Ge bonding layer. As shown in FIG. 32D, the FZP pattern 3210 can function as a backside lens that can focus the backward reflected light. The diffracted light's direction can be controlled by the grating spacing and the wavelength of the incident light. According to one or more embodiments, the PD is placed at a corresponding location (e.g., where the focus of the FZP 3210 is) to collect the diffracted light. FIG. 32E-1 shows a diagram that further illustrates the focusing effect of the FZP pattern 3210.
FIG. 32E shows a second example application of the technique discussed in FIG. 32C. As shown in FIG. 32E, a reflective diffraction grating is formed by the partially reacted Al—Ge bonding layer such that it can be used as a wavelength selector 3220. The diffracted light direction can be controlled by the grating spacing and the wavelength of incoming light. According to one or more embodiments, a PD (or multitude of PDs) can be placed at corresponding locations to collect a specific order of the diffracted light of a given wavelength. FIG. 32E-1 shows a diagram that further illustrates the effect of the metallic reflective grating (e.g., of the wavelength selector 3220), where the PD can be strategically positioned at locations to receive different order of diffracted light, depending on the incident light's wavelength.
FIG. 32F shows a third example application of the technique discussed in FIG. 32C. A polarization beam splitter 3230 is formed by the partially reacted Al—Ge bonding layer to decouple multi-mode incident light. More specifically, for a light wavelength that is not absorbed by Ge and Al—Ge alloy, the patterned grating in the beam splitter 3230 can, e.g., reflect one polarization of light and allow the other polarization to transmit. For example, a grating can be implemented to be transparent to the transverse magnetic (TM) mode of the incident light but reflective to the transverse electric (TE) mode. Such example is shown in FIG. 32F-1.
FIG. 33 illustrates yet another example structure that can be formed by the disclosed modified Al—Ge bonding technique. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 33, the disclosed technique of localized suppression of bonding alloy formation may be used to define the specific locations of the bonding alloy in the bonding layer. In some examples, to ensure the bonding strength between the wafers, the unreacted Al—Ge portion is chosen not to exceed 50% of the total volume in the bonding layer stacks. Further, unreacted areas should be placed properly, e.g., enclosed within a fully alloy bonded area (such as shown in FIG. 33), to avoid de-bonding in subsequent manufacturing processes.
Overall, the modified Al—Ge eutectic alloy bonding layer, together with localized treatments at different sites, can be used in some embodiments to form a plurality of cavity structures within the layer after removal of the unreacted Al—Ge. The placement of these cavities can be in a certain repeating order or randomly distributed. The size, shape and location of the cavities can also be defined by the localized treatment patterns, multiple layers of modified Ge/AI stack thickness and combinations, and/or alloy formation anneal processes. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the unreacted Al—Ge can be left in the structure by design for various of applications, e.g., in reflective grating applications as a reflective mirror. Example applications where the cavity structure in the eutectic Al—Ge alloy layer may be used can include photonics crystal devices, plasmonic meta-materials, microfluid channels, hollow metallic waveguide, or light reflector, scatter, or grating for the devices formed on the wafers. The introduced Al—Ge bonding techniques can be generally applicable to the structures disclosed herein when the formation of such structures involves bonding. The modified Al—Ge eutectic bonding techniques disclosed here may replace conventional bonding techniques.
CONCLUSION
Unless contrary to physical possibility, it is envisioned that (i) the methods/steps described above may be performed in any sequence and/or in any combination, and that (ii) the design, structures, or components of respective embodiments may be combined in any manner.
Note that any and all of the embodiments described above can be combined with each other, except to the extent that it may be stated otherwise above or to the extent that any such embodiments might be mutually exclusive in function and/or structure.
Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to specific exemplary embodiments, it will be recognized that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described, but can be practiced with modification and alteration within the scope of the appended claims. Accordingly, the specification and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative sense rather than a restrictive sense.
1. A method for fabricating a photodetector using a plurality of wafers, the method comprising: forming, over a first wafer, a first layer including one or more of: a germanium-based layer, or an aluminum-based layer; forming, over a second wafer, a second layer including one or more of: a germanium-based layer, or an aluminum-based layer, wherein the formed first and second layers include at least one germanium-based layer and one aluminum-based layer; and performing a wafer bonding process to bond together the first and second wafers, with the formed layers facing each other, wherein at least a portion of the formed layers becomes an aluminum-germanium eutectic alloy that bonds the first and second wafers together; wherein at least one of said forming steps includes performing one or more pre-bonding processes to its respective layer such that, after said pre-bonding processes, the aluminum-germanium eutectic alloy formed during the wafer bonding process has a lower eutectic temperature than without said pre-bonding processes.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the eutectic temperature of the aluminum-germanium eutectic alloy ranges from 350 to 400 degrees Celsius.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the eutectic temperature is lower than a tolerance temperature of a back-end-of-line (BEOL) metal line.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the tolerance temperature of the BEOL metal line is higher than 420 degrees Celsius.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the BEOL metal line is an aluminum-based or a copper-based interconnect formed during BEOL semiconductor manufacturing process for a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS).
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the pre-bonding processes include impurity doping that, depending on a dopant, either enhances or suppresses formation of the aluminum-germanium alloy.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the pre-bonding processes include doping an enhancement type of dopant into at least one of the formed layers.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the enhancement type of dopant includes one or more of group-III elements, group-IV elements, or transition metals.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the enhancement type of dopant includes boron (B), tin (Sn), copper (Cu), gold (Au), or aluminum (Al).
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the pre-bonding processes include doping a suppression type of dopant into at least one of the formed layers.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the suppression type of dopant includes one or more of group-V elements.
12. The method of claim 10, wherein the suppression type of dopant includes phosphorus (P), arsenic (As), or fluorine (F).
13. The method of claim 1, wherein the pre-bonding processes include impurity doping that, depending on a dopant, either enhances or suppresses formation of the aluminum-germanium alloy, and wherein the pre-bonding processes further include performing a thermal treatment on a wafer that does not have or has not yet had a semiconductor device formed thereon.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein the pre-bonding processes include impurity doping that, depending on a dopant, either enhances or suppresses formation of the aluminum-germanium alloy, and wherein the pre-bonding processes further include performing a surface treatment on a wafer that matches a type of the dopant that enhances or suppresses the formation of the aluminum-germanium alloy.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the surface treatment that matches the type of dopant that enhances the formation of the aluminum-germanium alloy includes a hydrogen containing plasma.
16. The method of claim 14, wherein the surface treatment that matches the type of dopant that suppresses the formation of the aluminum-germanium alloy includes an oxygen containing plasma.
17. The method of claim 1, wherein the pre-bonding treatment processes are selectively applied to some but not all of areas of formed modified layers.
18. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the wafers carries a photodetector, and wherein at least a portion of the formed layers that remains after the wafer bonding process functions as an optical structure for the photodetector.
19. The method of claim 1, further comprising: removing at least a portion of the formed layers that remains after the wafer bonding process, wherein, after the removing step, the aluminum-germanium eutectic alloy includes a hollow or cavity structure.
20. The method of claim 1, wherein, after the wafer bonding process, the aluminum-germanium eutectic alloy includes a hollow or cavity structure.
21. The method of claim 20, wherein the hollow or cavity structure in the aluminum-germanium eutectic alloy functions as an optical structure.
22. The method of claim 1, further comprising: forming, over at least one of the formed layers, an additional surface layer that includes one or more of: crystalline, polycrystalline or amorphous Si, Ge, Sn; elemental Ni, Ti, Al, W, Cu, Au, Sb, Te, Cd; compound material TiN, TaN, TiW; porous dielectrics SiO_(x), SiN_(x); or any combination thereof.
23. A semiconductor manufacturing system having one or more machines, the machines are collectively configured, in fabricating a photodetector using a plurality of wafers, to carry out operations comprising: forming, over a first wafer, a first layer including one or more of: a germanium-based layer, or an aluminum-based layer; forming, over a second wafer, a second layer including one or more of: a germanium-based layer, or an aluminum-based layer, wherein the formed first and second layers include at least one germanium-based layer and one aluminum-based layer; and performing a wafer bonding process to bond together the first and second wafers, with the formed layers facing each other, wherein at least a portion of the formed layers becomes an aluminum-germanium eutectic alloy that bonds the first and second wafers together; wherein at least one of said forming steps includes performing one or more pre-bonding processes to its respective layer such that, after said pre-bonding processes, the aluminum-germanium eutectic alloy formed during the wafer bonding process has a lower eutectic temperature than without said pre-bonding processes.
24. The system of claim 23, wherein the eutectic temperature of the aluminum-germanium eutectic alloy ranges from 350 to 400 degrees Celsius..
|
1be9f2229c881804ecf9bb6f646c237b_1 | French Open Data | Various open data | <p>3ème chambre 3ème section</p>
<p>No Assignation du :<br clear="none"/>10 Octobre 2006</p>
<p>JUGEMENT <br clear="none"/>rendu le 20 Février 2008 </p>
<p>DEMANDEUR</p>
<p>Monsieur Patrick X...<br clear="none"/>...<br clear="none"/>75015 PARIS</p>
<p>représenté par Me Jean-François JOFFRE, avocat au barreau de PARIS, vestiaire E47</p>
<p>
<br clear="none"/>DÉFENDERESSE</p>
<p>Société AGAT FILMS & CIE<br clear="none"/>52 rue Jean Pierre Timbaud<br clear="none"/>75011 PARIS</p>
<p>représentée par Me Jean Louis LANGLOIS, avocat au barreau de PARIS, vestiaire C.880</p>
<p>COMPOSITION DU TRIBUNAL</p>
<p>Elisabeth BELFORT, Vice-Président, signataire de la décision <br clear="none"/>Agnès THAUNAT, Vice-Président<br clear="none"/>Michèle PICARD, Vice-Président,</p>
<p>
<br clear="none"/>assistée de Marie-Aline PIGNOLET, Greffier, signataire de la décision </p>
<p>
<br clear="none"/>DÉBATS</p>
<p>A l'audience du 14 Janvier 2008, Prononcé par remise de la décision au greffe, devant Elisabeth BELFORT, Agnès THAUNAT, juges rapporteurs, qui, sans opposition des avocats, ont tenu seules l'audience, et, après avoir entendu les conseils des parties, en ont rendu compte au Tribunal, conformément aux dispositions de l'article 786 du Code de Procédure Civile </p>
<p>JUGEMENT</p>
<p>Prononcé en audience publique<br clear="none"/>Contradictoire<br clear="none"/>en premier ressort</p>
<p>I- RAPPEL DES FAITS ET DE LA PROCÉDURE :</p>
<p>M. Patrick X... a été engagé par la société AGAT FILMS et CIE pour interpréter le rôle de Bruno dans le film de long métrage "L'AGRESSION" selon une lettre contractuelle d'engagement en date du 7 janvier 1999.</p>
<p>Cette lettre stipule en son article III paragraphe D "Indépendamment de ce qui est prévu aux paragraphes A, B et C ci-dessus, notre Production versera à Monsieur Patrick X... : 5% (cinq pour cent) sur le montant de la cession de la première vente à une chaîne de télévision émettant ou qui pourra émettre à partir du territoire français sur le réseau hertzien et/ou câblé, entrant ou non dans le financement du film." .</p>
<p>En outre la société AGAT FILMS s'engageait dans l'article III-E paragraphe 4, à transmettre les comptes d'exploitation arrêtés semestriellement au cours des trois premières années d'exploitation puis annuellement le 31 décembre de chaque année.</p>
<p>Il apparaissait postérieurement, sans que la société AGAT FILMS en informe le salarié ou son agent, que le 9 décembre 1998 un contrat d'achat des droits de diffusion télévisuelle du film avait été signé entre la société AGAT FILMS et la société CANAL +. </p>
<p>Estimant ne pas avoir reçu les sommes qui lui étaient dues, Monsieur X... contactait la société AGAT FILM qui lui envoyait un chèque de 597, 63 euros qu'il refusait. Il interdisait ensuite à la société AGAT FILMS, à compter du 3 février 2005 et pour l'avenir, tout usage de son image, de sa voix et de son nom dans le rôle de Bruno et en demandait le retrait dans le film.</p>
<p>Saisi par Monsieur X..., le Conseil de Prud'hommes de Paris se déclarait incompétent au profit du tribunal de grande instance de Paris.</p>
<p>Monsieur Patrick X... a fait assigner la société AGAT FILMS ET CIE par acte d'huissier délivré le 10 octobre 2006. Dans ses dernières conclusions signifiées le 24 avril 2007 il demande au tribunal de dire que les dispositions de la lettre d'engagement du 7 janvier 1999 sont très claires et précises et ont été violées par la société AGAT FILMS, de dire qu'il est créancier de la somme de 19.056, 13 euros au titre de la première cession du film à la télévision intervenue entre son employeur, la société AGAT FILMS, et la société CANAL +, que cette somme rentre ou non dans le financement du film selon les dispositions proposées par l'employeur et acceptées par le salarié qui constituent la loi des parties, de condamner en conséquence la société AGAT FILMS à lui payer cette somme au titre de son complément de salaire contractuellement prévu avec les intérêts au taux légal à compter de la première mise en demeure du 9 novembre 2004, à défaut à compter de la lettre du 25 janvier 2005 constituant lettre de mise en demeure visant la clause résolutoire, avec application de l'article 1154 du Code civil pour chaque année écoulée en justice et jusqu'à parfait paiement, d'ordonner à la société AGAT FILMS la remise ou la mise à disposition des comptes de production et d'exploitation annuels complets à compter de 1999 sous astreinte, de la condamner à lui payer la somme de 15.000 euros à titre de dommages et intérêts, de constater la résolution de plein droit du contrat aux torts de la société AGAT FILMS à la date du 15 février 2005 et de lui interdire pour l'avenir tout usage de son image, de sa voix et de son nom dans le rôle de Bruno avec retrait du film sous astreinte, de la condamner à lui payer pour la pression illégitime téléphonique exercé par son dirigeant M. Robert A... accompagnée d'injures et de menace délibérée de boycott professionnel visant à lui interdire de faire son métier de comédien, une somme de 30.000 euros de dommages et intérêts, de rejeter les demandes reconventionnelles adverses, de débouter la défenderesse de ses demandes, d'ordonner la publication du jugement ainsi que son exécution provisoire et de condamner la société AGAT FILMS à lui payer la somme de 8.000 euros en application de l'article 700 du nouveau Code de procédure civile .</p>
<p>La société AGAT FILMS a signifié ses dernières conclusions le 5 juin 2007. Elle demande au tribunal de débouter Monsieur X... de ses demandes, de le condamner à lui payer la somme de 3.000 euros à titre de dommages et intérêts et de le condamner à lui payer la somme de 4.500 euros en application de l'article 700 du nouveau Code de procédure civile.</p>
<p>
<br clear="none"/>II- SUR CE :</p>
<p>* Sur l'interprétation du contrat :</p>
<p>Les parties divergent sur l'interprétation de l'article III paragraphe D de la lettre d'engagement du 7 janvier 1999 qui stipule "Indépendamment de ce qui est prévu aux paragraphes A, B et C ci-dessus, notre Production versera à Monsieur Patrick X... : 5% (cinq pour cent) sur le montant de la cession de la première vente à une chaîne de télévision émettant ou qui pourra émettre à partir du territoire français sur le réseau hertzien et/ou câblé, entrant ou non dans le financement du film." </p>
<p>Monsieur X... fait valoir que cette clause a été ajoutée afin de permettre à la société AGAT FILMS de boucler son budget de production. Ainsi, il y avait une diminution de son salaire habituel et du fait de cette diminution consentie à titre exceptionnel il devait recevoir un pourcentage assis sur la première vente télévisée à intervenir du film en France.</p>
<p>La société AGAT FILMS fait valoir qu'à la date de signature de ce contrat elle avait déjà vendu le film à CANAL + et à France 3, que ces préventes étaient insuffisantes et qu'il avait été demandé un effort financier à l'ensemble des collaborateurs. Il avait été ainsi proposé à Monsieur X..., en complément de salaire, et non en salaire différé, un intéressement partiel en fonction du produit de la vente ou de l'exploitation de l'enregistrement à compter de l'accord des parties et non de manière rétroactive.</p>
<p>Ainsi, selon la défenderesse, les ventes à CANAL + et à France 3 intervenues antérieurement à la signature de la lettre d'engagement n'ont pas à être prises en compte dans le calcul de l'intéressement.</p>
<p>Il résulte des pièces produites aux débats que les contrats de cession de droits de diffusion passés avec les sociétés CANAL+ et France 3, antérieurs à la lettre d'engagement, n'étaient cependant pas suffisants pour permettre le financement du film. Il existait ainsi toujours au moment de la signature de la lettre d'engagement, un déficit de fabrication.</p>
<p>Ainsi, et en l'absence de pièces produites par Monsieur X... qui établiraient que les parties avaient entendu faire rétroagir la clause litigieuse à un événement antérieur, celle-ci ne peut que s'interpréter comme prévoyant un intéressement financier mais uniquement sur les ventes futures sauf à considérer que la société AGAT FILMS ait entendu aggraver son déficit.</p>
<p>Il convient en conséquence de débouter Monsieur Patrick X... de sa demande, étant précisé cependant que la somme de 597, 63 euros proposée par la société AGAT FILM lui est due pour la cession intervenue postérieurement.</p>
<p>
<br clear="none"/>* Sur la production la remise des pièces :</p>
<p>Monsieur X... sollicite en outre la mise à disposition des comptes de production et d'exploitation annuels du film à compter de 1999 sous astreinte.</p>
<p>Le tribunal relève que la société AGAT FILMS indique sans être contredite que le film n'a généré aucune recette jusqu'en 2004, date de la première vente du film à la télévision postérieure au contrat et que les comptes et recettes relatifs à cette vente ont été communiquées à Monsieur X... dès la première demande.</p>
<p>Il convient en conséquence de débouter Monsieur X... de sa demande.</p>
<p>Il sera également par voie de conséquence débouté de sa demande fondée sur la clause résolutoire du contrat, la société AGAT FILMS n'ayant pas commis de faute à son égard. </p>
<p>
<br clear="none"/>* Sur les propos insultant et les menaces : </p>
<p>Monsieur X... se plaint de propos insultant tenus par Monsieur Robert A... à son encontre ainsi que de menaces.</p>
<p>Le tribunal constate que Monsieur A... |
github_open_source_100_8_20024 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | //
// ZHInfoView.swift
// GitExplorer-iOS
//
// Created by Zoha on 6/21/20.
// Copyright © 2020 Zoha. All rights reserved.
//
import UIKit
@IBDesignable
class ZHInfoView: UIView {
let leftView = UIView()
let labelView = UILabel()
private let labelMargin:CGFloat = 10
@IBInspectable var infoText: String = "" {
didSet {
labelView.text = infoText
}
}
override func awakeFromNib() {
super.awakeFromNib()
setup()
}
override func prepareForInterfaceBuilder() {
super.prepareForInterfaceBuilder()
setup()
}
func setup() {
translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
leftView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
labelView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
addSubview(leftView)
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journalofassocia91890asso_10 | English-PD | Public Domain | These bars are supported by glass insulators in cement tunnels, which are laid under the sidewalks. I expressed surprise that they should use such low voltage and so much copper, but the director of the company told me that it was altogether the best way, on account of its safety, and the great saving in losses by leakage. The Berlin Company laid 2,000 tons of copper last year, and will lay, the present year, about 3,000 tons; as I understand it about 80,000 tons will be required to completely light the city. I need not tell you that as a copper man, this was one of the most satisfactory visits that I made. My time at Paris was limited to four days, most of which was absorbed by business interests. One full day, and three other flying visits to the Exposition gave me just an idea of its magnitude. The Eiffel tower and the Machinery Hall roof were the great engineering features. The Me- MISCELLANEOUS NOTES OF EUROPEAN TRAVEL. 121 chanical Exhibit disappointed me, and \vas not equal in quality to the Antwerp Exhibition of 1885, But other members of the Society, who had more time, will be better judges than myself of the Exposition as a whole. By George H. Barrus. I have been asked to give a narrative of what I saw during the En- gineers' Excursion to Europe, having special reference to steam engineer- ing. I hesitate somewhat to give my experience in this line, for the trip, on my part, was one devoted to pleasure and not to study, and I did not give sufficient attention to engineering subjects to speak of them in a way which will be of most value to engineers. I did not fail, however, to see many things in this line which are interesting, and some of these may be noticed. During the outward voyage I passed a considerable amount of time in the engine room. This was a novelty to me, as well as to many who are less closely indentitied with steam engineering, for it was my first exper- ience on an ocean steamer at sea. Through some friends of the Inman Steamship Company, I had arranged with the chief engineer to take some indicator cards from the engine, and had come provided with indicators for this purpose. The engine was a vertical compound, running under 80 lbs. boiler pressure, and it was of a type somewhat antiquated; the steamer, "City of Richmond," being one of the oldest in the service. The indicators were applied to three-way cocks leading to the top and bottom of the cylinder, and one instrument was used for each. The indicator motion was derived from the lever which works the air pump, and the cords passed up or down, as the case might be, through the gratings which form the floors. There is no special difference in the manipulation of the indicator in itself on a marine engine, from that which occurs on an engine which is stationary. But the circumstances surrounding the work on board ship make it, on the whole, a very different process. The ex- cessive rolling of the steamer, the great heat of the engine room, the untidy condition of all the iron work due to oil and dirt, and the unhandy location of the indicators, all combine to make the labor of obtaining cards quite difficult. I found that there was no pleasure in continuing the work any longer than to just get my hand broken in. During my stay in the steam department of the ship I was struck by the difficulties under which the firemen perform their labors. The close quarters in which the boilers are placed, the absence of a great amount of light, the want of cleanliness, and above all, the excessively hot atmosphere, especially when the steamer was passing through the Gulf Stream, make their work exceedingly laborious. The heat could not be endured, it seems to me, even by sturdy firemen, if it were not for the relief afforded by moving back away from the boilers, and cooling off in the draught of air produced by ventilators. A pleasant remembrance of my visit to Manchester, in England, was a call made on Mr. Lavington E. Fletcher, chief engineer of the Man- chester Steam Users' Association. This association is engaged in similar work to that of the Boiler Insurance and Inspection Companies in our 122 ASSOCIATION OF ENGINEERING SOCIETIES. country. They have a large .museum in connection with their office, showing specimens of exploded boilers and injured boiler sheets, as also a large cabinet containing several thousand specimens of test pieces from boiler plates, which had been taken from boilers insured by the Com- pany. In one part of this laboratory is a full-sized model of a Galloway boiler, arranged and set in the manner recommended by the Company. This boiler is the standard type of boiler in England, and I was sur- prised to learn from Mr. Fletcher that the horizontal return tubular boiler, which is so common in this country, was seldom used in theiis. He said they had found that externally fired boilers of this kind were troublesome on account of the bagging of the sheets exposed to the direct action of the fire, and for this reason they had refrained from their use. They seemed to be wedded to the Galloway boiler, and to be too conser- vative to bring into use the boiler which has given such well-merited sat- isfaction in this country. In Manchester again, an interesting visit was made to the Engineering Laboratory of the Owens College, which is under the charge of Professor Osborne Reynolds. This laboratory is arranged partly for instruction in strength of materials, and partly for experimental work in steam engineer- ing. For the latter purpose they have the best equipped engine, for in- struction to engineering students, that I have seen. It is a triple-expan- sion engine, with vertical steam jacketed cylinders, and each cylinder is part of a complete engine, the three shafts being placed in line and pro- vided with couplings, so that the whole can be run as a complete engine, or either one can be run independently. Each independent engine is pro- vided with a brake, for the absorption of that part of the load which it drives, and this brake is a novelty, being of exceedingly small compass, and of great range, and handled with much ease. The principle is that of the turbine water wheel reversed. By subjecting the outgoing water to a sufficient pressure, a very small brake will suffice to absorb a large amount of power. There is no difficulty on account of heating, because the water carries off all the heat which is generated. Each cylinder is provided with indicators and suitable driving apparatus. The steam which passes through the cylinders is condensed in a surface condenser, and a complete equipment is provided for the conduct of scientific tests. The boiler is of the locomotive type, and I was informed that a horse-power had been produced for i }A, pounds of coal per hour. A similar visit was made, in London, to Professor Unwin's Laboratory, at the City and Guilds of London Central Institution. Here was an ex- tended line of apparatus for testing the strength of materials, and a steam engineering department, containing a complete equipment for instruction in steam engineering. The engine is a horizontal compound steam jacketed engine, and the fly-wheel is fitted with a Prony brake for absorbing and measuring the power. Tanks are provided for gauging the water supplied to the boiler, and injection water supplied to the surface con- denser, and the whole apparatus is admirably suited to experimental work. This laboratory is fully described in the columns of Engineering. An interesting trip was made to inspect the Willan's Engine Works at Thames Ditton. This engine is a triple-expansion high speed engine, MISCELLANEOUS NOTES OF EUROPEAN TRAVEL. 123 with vertical tandem cylinders. The piston rod is hollow, and serves as a passage for conducting the steam from one cylinder to another, and openings in the sides of the rod serve for ports. The engine is used for the various purposes for which high speed engines are employed in our country, and several were seen at the Sewage Disposal Works near by, engaged in driv- ing centrifugal pumps. They obtain a high degree of economy with this type of engine, even when running non-condensing. Some experiments, which have been described in a paper read before the Institution of Civil Engineers, show that the engine, w-hen running non-condensing, at 170 lbs.. pressure and 400 revolutions per minute, and developing 40 indicated horse-power, used 18.4 lbs. of feed water per indicated horse-power per hour. Here, as at many other places where high speed engines, and other engines as well, are used, they employ indicators which are made in this country, and I am pleased to say that several leading engineers spoke in commendation of the writer's apparatus for determining the moisture in steam, also an American product. The steam engineering exhibits in the Paris Exposition are full of opportunities for study. The boiler department is marked by a complete absence of shell boilers. The prevailing type is that of the water tube form. Engines of much size are largely fitted with Corliss valve gear, or with some form of four-valve gear, growing out of the Corliss type. The common method of attaching a condenser is to place it on the engine- 100m floor, with the air pump in front of, and in line with, the engine cylin- der, and driven by a rod which is a continuation of the piston rod of the engine. There are many compound engines on exhibition in all depart- ments. I was much interested on one of the excursions in Paris, to find, at- tached to a factory engine, a system of cooling the hot water discharged from the condenser, so as to use the water over again and save the employ- ment of fresh water. The engine was said to be of 75 horse-power. The apparatus for cooling the condenser water consisted of a staging placed in the yard, outside of the building, and elevated over a tank. The staging occupied a space of some 50 ft. in length, 10 feet in width and 35 ft. in height It was divided into various compartments by means of horizontal open floors, and these were filled with small limbsof treesand brush. The water was pumped to the top of the staging, and distributed by means of troughs, so as to discharge upon the upper layer of brush, and from there it fell by gravity to the next layer below, and so on, gradually, until it reached the tank underneath. This arrangement enables the water to be broken up into fine particles, and to be brought into contact with the atmosphere and thereby cooled. From the tank it was carried to the condenser, and the process repeated. The same principle was carried out in an apparatus which was shown in the Exhibition, the staging being made of iron work, and the brush supplanted by perforated galvanized iron plates. Frentch Forestry Department.— By Fred. Brooks. At the Paris Exposition the exhibition of the Department of "Eaux et. i24 ASSOCIATION OF ENGINEERING SOCIETIES. Forets" is made in a special building of its own. The exterior is covered with slabs showing the bark in such a way as to resemble tree trunks and has rustic decoration. This appropriateness of style is a minor illustration of the aesthetic taste which characterizes the French exhibition. Different portions of the interior of the Forestry Building are assigned each to a single kind of tree, and for each kind there is exhibited the surface with the bark on, sections transverse, radial and tangential, and the goods into which it is manufactured; as, for instance, one kind is made into wooden shoes, another into boxes, a third into bottle-stoppers, &c. This simplicity by which facts are made as clear as possible, even to untrained minds, is also' very "characteristic of the French exhibition; further illustration of it will be found in what I am going on to speak of. Another portion of the Forestry exhibition shows the work of the Department in the mountain re- gions, the French Alps and Pyrenees, in protecting the steeply sloping territory. Where a mountain side was liable to land slides or avalanches of rock, a series of retaining walls is built, and loose bowlders are sup- ported, and the growth of vegetation is started to hold the soil. In valleys which torrents of water have occasionally devastated, some very extensive improvements are made. The injury by flood is not only the washing out of the upper valley, but the overwhelming of arable land in the natter por- tion below with the detritus, destroying its fertility, and the cutting off of communication over government roads, which near the frontier are im- portant from the military point of view. The cure for these evils is of the nature of substituting for the inclined bed of the stream a series of steps, so that, instead of acquiring such destructive velocity, the water may fall nearly dead from one pool to another. More practically speaking, the fundamental work of protection consists of building dams at short inter- vals on all the steep parts of the channels. In one of the scenes the spectator seems to be looking out of a smithy; in another, out of an engineer's shanty fitted up in realistic style. In alcoves adjoining are collected maps on a large scale of the areas drained by the MISCELLANEOUS NOTES OF EUROPEAN TRAVEL. 125 streams, photographs for comparison taken from nearly the same stand- points before and after the execution of the works, and monographs de- scribing the work in detail and giving its cost, also plans and sections, pictures of scenery and full information. TERRESTRIAL GLOBE. The visitor to the terrestrial globe goes first to the top of its building by staircase or elevator and then descends by a spiral walk, passing several times around the building, so that he can get a view of all the surface of the great globe. It is worthy of a visit, even from persons well acquainted with geography, for the realizing sense which it affords, better than is af- forded by any other means, of the truth about our earth. The immensity of the Pacific Ocean, for instance, is less apparent to a person who sails upon it and can see but very little at a time, or who looks at a small globe and must see the continents shown around it, than it is to the visitor to the great globe who sees a considerable part of it at once and yet can see the ocean without any limiting land. This idea is set out in a different light in a supposed conversation between visitors which was printed in the humorous columns of one of the newspapers: ••Why, it seems to be all water!" "Probably because it was cheaper to paint a uniform blue than to de- lineate the details of the land." ••What an extremely small spot France is!" "Yes, that is a characteristic piece of modesty; she is unwilling to as- sume prominence," &c, &c. The globe was prepared under the auspices of the leading geographers and scientific men, and the engineer of it was Mr. Seyrig, one of the French gentlemen who very kindly guided the American visiting engineers at the Exposition. The globe is 40 meters instead of 40 million meters in circum- ference, and therefore, 12.73 meters in diameter, so its linear dimensions ate one millionth of natural size, or on a scale of 1 mm. to the km. No at- tempt is made to show varying altitudes by relief, for if truthfully done it would be imperceptible; the highest mountains rise less than 9,000 meters above the sea, and would, therefore, be represented by less than 9 milli- meters elevation. Colors are used to show mountains, different depths of the sea, principal lines of communication, mineral deposits, &c. The surface is made up of 586 panels, bounded by lines of meridians and par- allels of latitude, drawn and painted separately and attached to the metal framework or skeleton so that they can be taken apart again. The panels are of pasteboard with wooden frame within; a sample panel is exhibited so that the visitor may know just how the thing is made. The framework also can be taken apart. The panels weigh three tons, the framework ten tons. It is suspended on a pivot and turned around by gearing under- neath. The rate of rotation, instead of being once a day, is rapid enough to let the spectator see the different meridians pass under view. Upon the walls of the building are a variety of statistics and appropriate informa- tion, and among other things a section on the same scale as the globe, showing the probable thickness of the earth's crust, of the atmosphere, the altitude of mountains and. the depth of the sea. 126 ASSOCIATION OF ENGINEERING SOCIETIES. CENTESIMAL DIVISION OF THE QUADRANT. The meridians and parallels above referred to divide the quadrant dec- imally, and, correspondingly, the notation by grades, 400 of which make the circumference, is used on one of the wall diagrams above referred to, which calls for measure of arc. That division is engraved, along with the sexagesimal division into degrees, on the maps of the French military staff and of the detailed geological survey of France under the Ministry of Pub- lic Works. It is also used upon the graduation of mathematical instru- ments exhibited by the War Department, by the Bureau des Longitudes, and by eleven other exhibitors of scientific instruments, mostly upon tacheometers, but also upon theodolites, compasses and protractors. One instrument-maker told me the 400 grades were little used, except upon tacheometers, and that he had no 400-grade protractors in stock, but could make one if ordered. The tacheometer is essentially a theodolite with stadia hairs; it is used for determining distances as well as angles, and the name is Greek for "quick measurer." That there is nothing about the tacheometer necessitating its having decimal angular subdivision is shown by the fact that one was exhibited by the Algerian local administration which had the 360 degree subdivision. Another exhibitor, J. L. Sanguet,has just now published a new book of five-place centesimal trigonometric tables (Gauthier-Villars et Fils, Paris; 1889.) In his preface he says, in reference to the use of the centesimal division in tacheometry, that if not all observers have yet adopted it, it has been for the want of the same number and variety in trigonometric tables that they have with sexagesimal divis- ion. One of the French Civil Engineers' Reception Committee, of whom I inquired, made a similar statement. The preface also says that the cen- tesimal division was proposed by Lagrange and introduced in pure math- ematics and in the practice of astronomy and geodesy by Legendre, La- croix, Carnot, Prony, Monge, Bcfrda, Laplace, Mechain, Delambre, Puis- sant and others; and indorsed among our contemporaries by such eminent men as LeVerrier, Airy and Forster, directors respectively of the observa- tories of Paris, Greenwich and Berlin, by Gen. Perrier, Messrs. One of our veteran engineers on this side of the Atlantic informs me that at the outset of his career, nearly fifty years ago, he used for a year a theodolite centesimally divided and found it convenient, and preferred it to the old style, and made tables adapted to it. I think that It would be premature to agitate immediately in this coun- try the adoption of the centesimal division of the quadrant. To secure MISCELLANEOUS NOTES OF EUROPEAN TRAVEL. 127 uniformity is of primary importance in matters of this kind, and one of the few things which we already have substantially uniform throughout the world is the division of the circle sexagesimally. Therefore, to maintain uniformity, we wane to make sure of a uniform movement in changing, which I think will be much more feasible a little later than it is now. Our Committee on Weights and Measures in its report presented March 3, 1886, (and printed in The Journal of the Association of Engin- eering Societies, Vol. 5, p. 265, for May, 1886) gave considerable space to this subject, referring to the favorable action which was taken upon it at the International Conferences at Rome in 1883 and Washington in 1884. I was surprised to find that it had so much popularity in France, and am especially desirous to give this mention of it, because in a paper which I read before this Society April 17, 1878, entitled "Decimal and Other Arithmetical Notations," which was printed in Va?i Nostrand's Ec- lectic E>igineeri?ig Magazine (see Vol. 12, p. 554, for June, 1878) I took it up- on myself to say: "If, simultaneously, in all civilized countries the technical and other schools of high grade should make a business of teaching the centesi- mal division to the rising generation as something which they would undoubtedly have to use in after life, no insuperable difficulty would be found in introducing it. It is comparatively a small class in the com- munity that has to use circular measure, and that class is specially educa- ted and intelligent enough to appreciate the force of arguments with re- gard to it. That at some future time concerted action among all nations will be perfectly feasible may be inferred from the continual increase of foreign intercourse which is now so conspicuous, and the multiplication of international exhibitions, associations and conventions, political, social, commercial and professional. The leaders of opinion will simply have to show, when the proper time comes, that it is worth while to adopt the centesimal division, and I believe it will eventually come into general use." PROGRESS IN CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE FOR 1880. By Committees of the Civil Engineers' Club of Cleveland. [Read March 1, 1890.] Report of Committee o?i Civil Engineering and Surveying. By Cyrus G. Force, Jr., Chairman. In the brief time allotted to-night to the Committee on Civil Engin- eering and Surveying, it would be impossible to note, even in outline, all i28 ASSOCIATION OF ENGINEERING SOCIETIES. the prominent engineering works, the successful completion of which has marked the year past. A brief description of the Forth Bridge, just now completed, and the Manchester Ship Canal in progress, have recently been given to the Club in a paper under the title "Civil Engineering in England," by one of our members, who joined the European excursion of the American Engineer- ing Societies last summer; and a paper describing the Eiffel Tower is promised by another of our members, one of the visiting engineers. I will therefore pass these most noted recent engineering works in Europe, works which, on account of their great magnitude and unprecedented boldness of design, have not failed to challenge our admiration as the most promi- nent monuments of engineering in the present century. The new Croton Aqueduct is now practically completed; its actual construction was commenced in 1884. The work consists of about thirty miles of continuous underground conduit. The depth ranges from 32 feet to over 400 feet, being at an average of 170 feet below the surface, and leading from Croton Lake to One Hundred and Thirty-fifth Street, in New York City. In general alignment it is nearly straight, there being but a few slight deflections. There are a number of very substantial ma- sonry gate-houses and blow-offs that seem to have been thoroughly consid- ered in every particular. This is especially noticeable in the case of the new gate -house at Croton Lake. Considered with reference to its hydraulics, this aqueduct may be divided into two parts: First, the horse-shoe section portions, acting as a flowing conduit, that is, not wholly filled with water, and, second, the cir- cular section portions, under pressure. The first, and by far the greater part, extends from Croton Lake to a point a little south of the northerly limits of the city, having a uniform grade of .75 of a foot per mile, with the exception of a single break for a short distance at Gould's swamp; where, on account of soft material at a considerable depth, an inverted syphon was resorted to, passing under the swamp, the alignment remaining straight. The horizontal diameter of the flowing portion is 13.6 feet, and the height 13.5 feet, the bottom of the section being nearly flat. The remaining portion of the conduit extending from near the city limits southerly to the gate house at 135th street, is circular in section and the area is less, the deep portion under the Harlem River being 10.5 feet in diameter, and the balance 12.25 feet in diameter in which the water will be under pressure. Provision is made for draining this deep section by pumping at Harlem River in case of necessary repairs. South of 135th street the water will be delivered to the reservoirs and to the distributing mains through large iron pipes. Throughout almost its entire length, this conduit was excavated in gneiss rock, only a small portion being broken or loose to such an extent as to require timber bracing during construction; it was almost wholly excavated by tunnelling, and the material removed through vertical shafts, located on an average, one mile apart. The intention was that generally the headings should be pushed one half mile each way from the shafts, but in a number of cases other considerations varied this distance. From the standpoint of to-day, no extraordinary difficulties in rock PROGRESS IN CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING. 129 tunnelling were overcome in the construction of this work, except in one or two cases, and then for short distances only. At the Harlem River depression a nearly vertical wedge shaped seam in the rock underlying the bed of the river and filled with soft mud was avoided by a considerable lowering of the grade line of the tunnel. The work, in the main, was carried on quite uniformly, and with the aid of improved machinery, such as rock drills, air compressors, hoists and other appliances, necessary for such a great undertaking, and crowning all, the electric light. A general high rate of progress was attained. We are informed that in some of the best managed sections, a progress in excavation of from forty to -fifty feet a week was made in driving one heading. The tunnel is lined with brick throughout, mostly three rings thick, but in some of the deeper portions, four rings were used. The space out- side the brick lining is designed to be filledsolid with stone laid in cement mortar. The estimated carrying capacity of the aqueduct is a little over 300,- 000,000 gallons of water in 24 hours, being a little over three times the capacity of the old aqueduct. Consequently the old and the new aque- ducts combined are able to give New York City a daily supply of over 400,000,000 gallons of water. Considering the length and diameter together, the new Croton Aque- duct is the largest tunnel work, for any purpose, ever constructed. There are other aqueducts, some of comparatively recent date, and others very old that are much longer than this one, but their cross-sections are in- significantly small in comparison, and they are mainly surface work. We are not certain that the actual cost to date of this great work has been given to the public, but it has been referred to roughly as costing $50,- 000,000. Progress at the Hudson River tunnel has been slow. Recently the work has been undertaken by an English contractor, a Mr. Pierson, who has had a large experience on similar work. He is at present working, or preparing to work what is known as the Greathead Shield. The use of compressed air is continued, but in a somewhat different manner. Two air locks are used; the pressure in the foremost lock is 36 pounds, and supplies the air for the rear lock, in which the pressure is less. This work is probably the most difficult of construction of any tunnel ever attempted. The material is soft silt, so soft that it will run if the air pressure is removed. At first as the air forces the water out of the newly exposed silt, it toughens the material, but after it is quite dry, it will not hang together and is again very troublesome to manage. A cast iron lining is at present being put in. Under the former management the "Anderson System" of tunnelling was used, and the tunnel lined with wrought iron plates reinforced with brick. At the St. Clair River tunnel a progress of about 15 feet per day at each heading is being made. Here the material is blue clay of varying degrees of stiffness. A shield, similar to that put in at the Hudson River tunnel is used. It is 21 feet in diam- eter, and 15 feet long, and is forced forward with 24 hydraulic jacks. The external friction is estimated at about 880 pounds per square foot. Quick- 130 ASSOCIATION OF ENGINEERING SOCIETIES. sand seams and water are anticipated, and an air pressure plant is in position ready to be used when required. This tunnel is also lined with iron. The lining is made in cast segments, about 5 feet long, and 2.5 feet wide and 2 inches thick, with flanges on the sides and ends for bolting. Total length of the tunnel proper is about 6,000 feet. Approximately 4,000 feet remain to be built. The construction of the new water works tunnel at Chicago has not progressed as steadily as the exceptionally good tunnelling material passed through in driving the other tunnels there, nor indeed, as the borings for this work gave the engineer good reason to expect. An awkward ac- cident to the cylinders intended for the submerged inlet, also a large body of quicksand and water found at the shore shaft, and sand, gravel and water encountered at the headings under the lake, where good clay was con- fidently looked for, have led to a material change in the original plans for this work. The original plans provided for a tunnel of 8 feet internal diameter extending out under the lake a distance of about 4 miles, and ending at a submerged inlet of novel design. It is reported that from the point where the gravel and water were encountered, the 8 foot tunnel has been divided into two parallel tunnels, each 6 feet in diameter, lying about 50 feet apart; and that the submerged inlet project has been abandoned for a granite structure, resting upon concrete filled into the an- nular space, between two iron cylinders, and the concrete in turn resting upon a thick foundation platform, through which the permanent water in- lets are made. The depth of water at the side of the inlet is 45 feet, and the bottom of the lake is hard pan. The tunnel is at present carried on at six headings, two from the shore shaft and two either side of a shaft at the government break-water. No tunnelling has yet been done as originally contemplated, from a temporary crib and shaft near the center of the tunnel, owing to delays in getting the crib into proper position. Some progress has been made in the construction of the canal and tunnel designed for the drainage of the City of Mexico, and of the oval shaped basin from 25 to 35 miles wide and from 50 to 60 miles long, at the southerly end of which the city stands. The project consists in excavating an open canal, the bottom of which, throughout its upper portion, is 10 feet wide with sides sloping at 45 de- grees, from the City of Mexico, along Lake Texcuco, a shallow salt water lake situated at the lowest part of the basin into which the drainage of the City of Mexico naturally flows, thence northerly through several small lakes, the water of which is brackish, into the northerly watershed of the basin, to a point where the cutting becomes about 85 feet deep. From this point, a tunnel 19 feet in diameter in the clear, after being lined mainly with brick, and about 6 miles long, is being driven through hills which rise about 200 feet above the average level of the basin, and beyond which is a natural drainage to the ocean. The material to be excavated for both the canal and tunnel, is a vol- canic rock called Tepetata and is similar in hardness to our local shale, but homogeneous. It is now being excavated in the canal by dredging and in the tunnel by the use of the pick and shovel. The evaporation at the PROGRESS IN CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING. 131 City of Mexico is very rapid, which accounts for the disposal of a large portion of the rain-fall in this at present water-locked basin. The actual construction of this work was commenced by the Mexicans themselves, a number of years ago, but no great progress was made until recently, when portions of the canal excavation and tunnel work have been let to American and European contractors. An approximate estimate of its cost is now put at $7,500,000 Mexican money. The general progress in bridge engineering, in this country has shown a constant, and for the most part, a steady growth. This is noticable in increasing span lengths, (a quite popular way just now of comparing bridges) and in the gradual development of the most favorable type for the great majority of cases: also in the design of special bridges for special and extraordinary cases, and particularly in improved forms and better proportions of compression members and all the details of bridge work. So nearly have the patent bridges and all personal hobbies in bridges been eliminated from our late bridge designs everywhere in this country, and so generally has the trapezoidal, pin-connected, independent truss with equal panels, open compression members and machine fitted joints, become the standard design for the thousand and one cases that occur, that bridges with these leading features are now recognized and referred to by engineers and others in all countries, as the "American Type." There are in this country a few special bridges which, on account of the exceptionally high grade of shop work on them, and the care and scientific investigation had in selecting, making and testing the materials used in their construction, and other bridges, which on account of some excellent feature in their general design for special cases not before fully appreciated, have distinctly marked an advance in bridge engineering. The St. Louis bridge, all will agree, is a notable example of the first, and an example of the second class is not wanting. When the Kentucky River Cantilever bridge was completed, the first of its kind of any con- siderable magnitude in this country, attention was drawn to the possibil- ities and advantages of this design for locations where unusually long spans are a necessity and where the difficulties in erection had hitherto limited the designs mainly to suspension bridges. Following this bridge there are at this date, in this country, no less than eight Cantilever bridges, completed or in progress of construction; some with a single opening over wide and deep cataracts, as at Niagara Falls; others consisting of a series of cantilever and anchorage spans, crossing broad deep rivers with beds of soft shifting mud and silt, 100 feet or more in depth as at Poughkeepsie and Memphis. The necessity for durable swing bridges (and a swing bridge is a ma- chine as well as a bridge) has led to a decided progress of late in the de- sign and execution of this class of work. Especially is this the case in re- gard to the turntable and its appliances, the machine part of the bridge. The cost of maintainance and operating' being among the controlling features in the designs. Most of the modern swing bridges in cities are now operated by steam power at about the same cost as that of operating by hand the former, lighter bridges at the same site. For a- long time the swing bridge, 474 feet long, over the mouth of the 132 ASSOCIATION OF ENGINEERING SOCIETIES. Raritan River stood at the head of its class as to length. Within the past year or two, however, two such bridges, each about 500 feet in length, have been put in operation; one over the Thames River at New London, Conn., and the other over Staten Island Sound at the Kills. The progress made in bridge engineering is not due solely to the theor- etical investigations and practical skill displayed in the preparation of bridge designs. The demands of the civil engineers for high grade work in bridge shops and for rigid tests of materials both in specimens and full sized members have been responded to by their brethren, the mechanical engineers, by supplying the straightening machine, the rotary planing ma- chine, the power riveter, the die-forge hammer, the upsetting machine with its product of weldless eye bars, and testing machines of great power and accuracy, chief among the latter being the noted Emery machine, capable ot testing full size bridge members with a stress of 750,000 pounds in compression, and 1,000,000 pounds in tension, and at the same time so sensitive that the tensile strength of a single horse hair can be accurate- ly measured with it. DISCUSSION. Col. W. H. Paine: "Work at Hoboken River Tunnel, which has been progressing for fourteen years slowly, has now reached a distance of 2,050 ft. from the Jersey City side and about 500 ft. on the New York side. Parties who are now taking hold of it are backed by considerable means as I understand, and it will no doubt now be pushed to completion. Work at the Port Sarnia tunnel is being pushed very rapidly, and 15 ft. per day has been accomplished. The distance yet to be tunneled under St. Clair River is about 6,000 ft. The size of the tunnel at Sarnia is 21 ft. The exterior of the lining of tunnel is 20 ft. 6 inches; flanges are 7 inches; the material is 2 inches thick. Referring to work at Hoboken, the trouble is, if air pressure is increased the tunnel will immediately fill with soft mud. If the pressure is decreased it will immediately make an opening in the river, so they are running along with little safety, and yet work 5 to 6 ft. per day." Report of Committee on Mechanical Engineering. By Walter Miller, Chairman. In behalf of the Chairman of the Committee on Mechanical Engineer- ing, the writer has been requested to review the progress made in mechan- ical engineering during the past year in the city of Cleveland. We will first call your attention to the progress made in street railways PROGRESS IN CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING. 133 in this city. The past year has seen some very marked changes in the manner of operating some of these lines, and before the close of another year, we are promised still further developments. The permanent way has been very much improved; rails of more correct section and of heav- ier pattern have been laid down, as the advent of the electric motor de- manded. While the electric system as a motive power does not seem to fill all the requirements for a good, safe and rapid transit, it is a vast improvement over that of the horse cars, and the public would protest against its removal. This system has been very much improved since it was first introduced in this city, and further improvements will be devel- oped as experience may suggest. The members who had the pleasure of listening to a paper read before this Club on electricity as a motive power will remember the interesting discussion that followed. The advocates of the cable system are putting down a plant in Cleve- land, and promise to have it in running order within the next six or eight months, and if one were to judge from the substantial manner of laying the permanent way and the talent and experience that is being brought to bear on the design of cable driving gear, the enterprise will be a success from the-start. The success with which this system is being operated in other cities should convince the public that this is one of the most desira- ble methods of rapid transit. There has been a vast improvement in the traffic of coal and ore to and from the port of Cleveland in the past year, and to be able to handle this immense business with cheapness and despatch, so that our sister cities might not claim it all, decided improvement had to be made in the man- ner of operating. We may say that this has been accomplished, or will be, when the entire system is completed. With this improved method of elevating and conveying in full operation, Cleveland will be second to no other city on Lake Erie. The public has very little idea of the extent of the ship-building going on in the yards at this port. The coming year will see 90,000 tons of steel, iron and wooden shipping put afloat on the great lakes and fully one-half of this tonnage will be put out at the Cleveland yards. The most marked change brought out in this industry is the introduction of steel decks and double butt straps on sheer strakes and deck stringers, and steel spars, although there is a strong tendency to reduce the number of spars used in each vessel. In the matter of triple expansion engines for lake service, it may be said that they have come to stay, and the past year has developed im- provements affecting their economy of fuel. Compounds for land service are being inquired for by parties where economy of fuel is an important consideration, and it will be remembered that the Club listened to a very interesting paper a short time ago on the compound steam turbine. |
github_open_source_100_8_20025 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | package example.nested
class LocalClass/*example.nested.LocalClass#*/ {
def foo(): Unit = {
case class LocalClass()
}
}
|
github_open_source_100_8_20026 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | #include "rotate_gtest_class.h"
TEST_F(RotateTest, Test11_SameKeysDifferent)
{
StressBST t1, t2;
std::mt19937 g(1142);
InsSeq<StressKey, StressValue> ins;
InsertRandom(t1, 10, g, ins);
for (auto& kv : ins)
{
kv.first += 1;
}
std::shuffle(ins.begin(), ins.end(), g);
InsertInTree(t2, ins);
EXPECT_EQ(false, t1.sameKeys(t2));
EXPECT_EQ(false, t2.sameKeys(t1));
} |
github_open_source_100_8_20027 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | using Xunit;
namespace GitHubFlowVersion.Tests
{
public class VariableProviderTests
{
private readonly VariableProvider _sut;
public VariableProviderTests()
{
_sut = new VariableProvider();
}
[Fact]
public void VerifyReleaseVariables()
{
var version = new SemanticVersion(1, 2, 3, buildMetaData: 4);
var variables = _sut.GetVariables(version);
Assert.Equal("1.2.3+004", variables["GitHubFlowVersion_FullSemVer"]);
Assert.Equal("1.2.3", variables["GitHubFlowVersion_SemVer"]);
Assert.Equal("1.2.3.4", variables["GitHubFlowVersion_FourPartVersion"]);
Assert.Equal("1", variables["GitHubFlowVersion_Major"]);
Assert.Equal("2", variables["GitHubFlowVersion_Minor"]);
Assert.Equal("3", variables["GitHubFlowVersion_Patch"]);
Assert.Equal("4", variables["GitHubFlowVersion_NumCommitsSinceRelease"]);
}
[Fact]
public void VerifypreReleaseVariables()
{
var version = new SemanticVersion(1, 2, 3, suffix: "beta", buildMetaData: 4);
var variables = _sut.GetVariables(version);
Assert.Equal("1.2.3-beta+004", variables["GitHubFlowVersion_FullSemVer"]);
Assert.Equal("1.2.3-beta", variables["GitHubFlowVersion_SemVer"]);
Assert.Equal("1.2.3.4", variables["GitHubFlowVersion_FourPartVersion"]);
Assert.Equal("1", variables["GitHubFlowVersion_Major"]);
Assert.Equal("2", variables["GitHubFlowVersion_Minor"]);
Assert.Equal("3", variables["GitHubFlowVersion_Patch"]);
Assert.Equal("4", variables["GitHubFlowVersion_NumCommitsSinceRelease"]);
Assert.Equal("beta", variables["GitHubFlowVersion_Tag"]);
}
}
} |
US-49475409-A_4 | USPTO | Public Domain | Female Sprague Dawley Rats (˜300 gram body weight) are housed in accordance with institutional standards and allowed to acclimate for at least 7 days prior to the study. Each H₃ antagonist is formulated in 0.5% hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose at a concentration of 1 mg/mL for oral dosing. The test compound is administered to each of eight animals as a single oral dose of 10 mL/kg (10 mg/kg). Remaining dosing solution is retained for analysis. Two animals from each original group of eight are euthanized via CO₂ asphyxiation at t=1, 6, 24, and 48 hours. After each animal is euthanized, 0.1 mL of its blood is sampled via cardiac puncture, and its brain is removed via dissection of the cranial bones and placed in a pre-weighed 50 mL conical tube on dry ice.
The blood is added to 0.3 mL of 6% trichloroacetic acid, and the acidified sample is vortexed and then centrifuged (5 minutes at 14,000 rpm in a microcentrifuge). The clear supernatant is retained for analysis. The frozen brain is weighed, homogenized in 6% trichloroacetic acid (3 mL/g wet weight of tissue), and then centrifuged. The clear supernatant is retained for analysis. The supernatants from the blood and brain samples are analyzed by liquid chromatography with mass spectral detection utilizing selective reaction monitoring (LC-MS/MS). The LC method uses a Phenomonex Polar RP column (2×50 mm) and a linear solvent gradient of water and acetonitrile (both 1% in acetic acid).
Graphs of H₃ receptor antagonist concentration versus time for blood and brain are generated from the LC-MS/MS results. The mean residency time (MRT) of the H₃ receptor antagonist, in blood or in the brain, is calculated from the ratio of the area under the first moment curve (AUMC) to the area under the concentration time curve (AUC): AUMC/AUC. The Blood Brain Barrier index is calculated from the log of AUC_(brain)/AUC_(blood).
Other Embodiments
The features and advantages of the invention will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in view of the discussion, examples, embodiments, and claims relating to the invention. The invention also contemplates variations and adaptations, based on the disclosure herein concerning the key features and advantages of the invention, and within the abilities of one of ordinary skill.
1. A compound of Formula (IA): wherein: a is 0 and b is 0; or a is 1 and b is 0; or a is 1 and b is 1; Y is selected from N and N→O; one of R₁, R₂ and R₃ is a ring moiety selected from C₄₋₆ cycloalkyl, phenyl, naphthyl, C₁₋₅ heterocyclyl, (C₄₋₆ cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃ alkylene, (phenyl)C₁₋₃ alkylene, (naphthyl) C₁₋₃ alkylene, and (C₁₋₅ heterocyclyl)C₁₋₃ alkylene; and the remaining two of R₁, R₂ and R₃ are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, and C₁₋₆ alkyl; wherein said ring moiety is substituted with a moiety of formula: —X—W-Z, X-Z, W-Z or Z; wherein X is selected from the group consisting of O, S, SO₂, SO, NR₄, —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —OCH₂—C≡C—, —C≡C—CH₂O—, —CH(R₅)—, CO, —O—CO—, —CO—O—, CHOH, —N—CO—, —CO—N—, —SO₂—NH—, —NR₄—SO₂—, and —SO₂—NR₄—; R₄ is H, or C₁₋₆ alkyl; R₅ is H, C₁₋₆ alkyl, or hydroxy; W is C₁₋₆ alkylene, phenylene, (phenylene)(C₁₋₃ alkylene), or —CH₂—CHCH—CH₂—; Z is selected from: (i) NR₂₁R₂₂, NHCOR₂₃, or NHSO₂R₂₃, (ii) C₃₋₆ heterocyclyl or C₇₋₁₂ fused bicyclyl, and (iii) phenyl substituted with a C₃₋₆ heterocyclyl group, or with a (C₃₋₆ heterocyclyl)C₁₋₆ alkylene group, wherein each phenyl or heterocyclyl group in (ii) or (iii) may be substituted with one to four substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, phenyl, (phenyl)C₁₋₆ alkylene, trihalo C₁₋₆ alkyl, nitro, SCH₃, NR₂₁R₂₂, amido, amidino, amino C₁₋₆ alkyl, acetylene, CHR₂₃R₂₄, COR₂₃, acetyl, NHCOCH₃, C₃₋₆ heterocyclyl, (C₃₋₆ heterocyclyl) C₁₋₆ alkylene, cyano, NHSO₂CH₃, N(SO₂CH₃)₂, carboxy, C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl, amidoxime, trihalo C₁₋₆ alkoxy, oxo, hydroxyiminomethyl, C₁₋₆ alkylcarboxy, carboxy C₁₋₆ alkyl, trihaloacetyl, and methylsulfonyl; wherein each of R₂₁ and R₂₂ is independently selected from H, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₄₋₇ cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, hydroxy, C₁₋₆ alkylamino, di(C₁₋₆)alkylamino, C₂₋₈ acyl, C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl; R₂₃ is C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₄₋₇ cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, hydroxy, aryl, C₁₋₆ alkylamino, di(C₁₋₆)alkylamino, C₂₋₈ acyl, C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl; R₂₄ is H, halogen, hydroxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₄₋₇ cycloalkyl, phenyl, or benzyl; in addition, said R₁, R₂ or R₃ that is a ring moiety is optionally substituted with between 1 and 3 substituents Q₁, Q₂, and Q₃, which, if present, are independently selected from: R₂₅, NR₂₆R₂₇, NHCOR₂₈, NHSOR₂₉, and NHSO₂R₃₀; wherein R₂₅ is H, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₄₋₇ cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, hydroxy, C₁₋₆ alkylamino, di(C₁₋₆)alkylamino, C₂₋₈ acyl, or C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl; wherein each of R₂₆ and R₂₇ is independently selected from H, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₄₋₇ cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, hydroxy, C₁₋₆ alkylamino, di(C₁₋₆)alkylamino, C₂₋₈ acyl, C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl; each of R₂₈, R₂₉, and R₃₀ is C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₄₋₇ cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, hydroxy, C₁₋₆ alkylamino, di(C₁₋₆)alkylamino, C₂₋₈ acyl, C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl; and R₁₁, R₁₂, R₁₄ and R₁₅ are each independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl and C₁₋₆ alkoxy; R₁₃ is selected from hydrogen, oxo, and phenyl; R₁₆ is selected from hydrogen, cyano, C₁₋₆ alkyl, and C₁₋₆ alkylamino; wherein each of the above carbocyclyl and heterocarbocyclyls can be optionally substituted with between 1 and 3 substituents selected from C₁₋₄ alkyl, hydroxy, amino, halo, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, CONH₂, phenyl, and C₁₋₄ alkylamino, di(C₁₋₄)alkylamino; and wherein —X—W-Z is not [4-(imidazol-1yl)-phenyl]oxy where a is 1 and b is 0; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or amide thereof 2. 3. The compound of claim 1, wherein a is 1 and b is
0. 4. The compound of claim 1, wherein a is 0 and b is
0. 5. The compound of claim 1, wherein a is 1 and b is
1. 6. The compound of claim 1, wherein at least two of R₁₁, R₁₂, R₁₃, and R₁₆ are H.
7. The compound of claim 1, wherein, if present, R₁₄ and R₁₅ are H.
8. The compound of claim 1, wherein one of R₁ and R₂ is a substituted ring.
9. The compound of claim 1, wherein R₁ is a substituted ring.
10. The compound of claim 1, wherein R₂ is a substituted ring.
11. The compound of claim 1, wherein one of R₁ and R₂ is a substituted phenyl or substituted pyridyl; and the other two of R₁, R₂ and R₃ are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, and C₁₋₆ alkyl; wherein the substituent on said substituted phenyl or pyridyl is a para- or meta-substituent.
12. The compound of claim 1, wherein the substituent on said ring is of formula: X-Z or X—(C₁₋₆ alkylene)-Z, wherein X is selected from the group consisting of O, S, NR₂₁, —OCH₂—C≡C—, —NR₂₁—CO—, —CO—NR₂₁—, —NH—SO₂—, —SO₂—NH—, —NR₂₃—SO₂—, and —SO₂—NR₂₃; and Z is selected from (i) NR₂₁R₂₂ and pyridyl, piperidyl, and pyrrolidyl, optionally substituted.
13. The compound of claim 1, wherein a is 1 and b is 0; Y is N; one of R₁ and R₂ is phenyl para-substituted with X—W-Z, wherein X is O, NH, N(C₁₋₃ alkyl), NHCO, NHSO₂, or S; and W is C₂₋₅ alkylene.
14. The compound of claim 13, wherein Z is piperidyl or pyrrolidyl, optionally substituted with methyl, CONH₂, or phenyl.
15. The compound of claim 14, wherein R₁₁, R₁₂, R₁₃, and R₃ are each H.
16. The compound of claim 1, wherein each of R₃, R₁₁, R₁₂, and R₁₃ is H, halo, methyl, or methoxy.
17. The compound of claim 1, wherein the R₁, R₂, or R₃ that is a ring moiety is substituted with a moiety of formula —X—W-Z, —X-Z, or —W-Z.
18. The compound of claim 1, selected from (S, S)-3-(4-(3-Piperidinylpropoxy)phenyl)octahydroindolizine; (R, R)-3-(4-(3-Piperidinylpropoxy)phenyl)octahydroindolizine; trans-3-(4-(3-Piperidinylpropoxy)phenyl)octahydroindolizine; anti-2-(4-(3-Piperidinylpropoxy)phenyl)octahydroindolizine; syn-2-[4-(3-Piperidinylpropanoxy)phenyl]octahydroindolizine; 3-[4-(Piperidinylpropoxy)phenyl]hexahydro-1H-pyrrolizine; 5-[4-(4-Piperidinylbutoxy)phenyl]indolizine; trans-3-[4-(N-5-Piperidylpentylamino)phenyl]octahydroindolizine; 5-[4-(3-Piperidinylpropoxy)phenyl]octahydroindolizine; 5-[4-(4-Piperidinylpentanoxy)phenyl]octahydroindolizine; N-Methyl-N-[4-(trans-Octahydro-3-indolizinyl)phenyl]-3-piperidinylpropenamide; trans-3-[4-(N-3-Piperidylpropylamino)phenyl]octahydroindolizine; trans-3-[4-(3-Piperidinylmethylpropargyloxy)phenyl]octahydroindolizine; trans-3-[4-(N-5-Piperidylpentanamido)phenyl]octahydroindolizine; trans-3-{4-[2,2′-(N-Methylpyrrolidinyl)ethoxy]phenyl}octahydroindolizine; anti-2-[3-(3-Piperidinylpropyloxy)phenyl]octahydroindolizine; trans-3-[4-(N-4-Piperidylbutanamido)phenyl]octahydroindolizine; trans-3-[4-(N-Methyl-N-3-piperidylpropylamino)phenyl]octahydroindolizine; trans-3-[4-(3-Piperidylsulfonylamino)phenyl]octahydroindolizine; 5-[4-(2-Piperidinylethanoxy)phenyl]octahydroindolizine; trans-3-{4-[2,2′-(N-Methylpiperidinyl)ethoxy]phenyl}octahydroindolizine; tran-3-[4-(4-Methylaminophenylthio)phenyl]octahydroindolizine; trans-3-[4-(N-Methyl-N-5-piperidylpentylamino)phenyl]octahydroindolizine; 3-[4-(2-Piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-phenyl]-octahydro-indolizine; Dimethyl-{3-[4-(octahydro-indolizin-3-yl)-phenoxy]-propyl}-amine; trans-3-[4-(N-3-Piperidinylpropanamido)phenyl]octahydroindolizine; trans-3-{4-[(2-Piperidylethyl)sulfonyl]amidophenyl}octahydroindolizine; trans-3-{4-[(2-Piperidylethyl)sulfonyl-N-methylamino]phenyl}octahydroindolizine; and tran-3-[4-(4-Carboxylicphenylthio)phenyl]octahydroindolizine.
19. The compound of claim 1, selected from: trans-3-[4-((4-Amidoxime)phenylthio)phenyl]octahydroindolizine; trans-3-[4-(4-Methansulfonaminophenoxy)phenyl]octahydroindolizine; trans-3-{4-[2,2′-(N-Trifluoroethylpiperidinyl)ethoxy]phenyl}octahydroindolizine; trans-3-{4-[2,2′-(1-tert-Butylcarboxylatepiperidinyl)ethoxy]phenyl}-octahydroindolizine; trans-3-[4-(3-Piperidylsulfonyl-N-methylamino)phenyl]octahydroindolizine; trans-3-[4-(4-Aminophenylthio)phenyl]octahydroindolizine; trans-3-[4-(N-Methyl-N-5-piperidylpentanamido)phenyl]octahydroindolizine; Octahydro-3-[4-(4-pyridinylthio)phenyl]indolizine; trans-3-[4-(N-Phenyl-1-piperazinylmethyl)phenyl]octahydroindolizine; trans-3-[4-(4-Pyridinylethenyl)phenyl]octahydroindolizine; trans-3-{4-[2,2′-(N-Trifluoroacetylpiperidinyl)ethoxy]phenyl}octahydroindolizine; tran-3-[4-(3-(2-Dimethylaminoethyl)amino)phenyl]octahydroindolizine; trans-3-[4-(4-Pyridyloxy)phenyl]octahydroindolizine; trans-3-{4-[2,2′-(N-Amidinopiperidinyl)ethoxy]phenyl}octahydroindolizine; trans-3-[4-(4-Pyridylmethan-1-ol)phenyl]octahydroindolizine; trans-3-[4-(2,2′-piperidinylethoxy)phenyl]octahydroindolizine; 4-[4-(Octahydro-indolizin-3-yl)-phenoxy]-quinazoline; trans-3-[4-(N-Methylsulfonyl)piperidinylamino)phenyl]octahydroindolizine; trans-3-[4-(3-bis-Methansulfonaminobenzyloxy)phenyl]octahydroindolizine; 3-(4-Thiophen-2-yl-phenyl)-octahydro-indolizine; trans-3-[4-(N-Methylsulfonyl-4-aminopiperidine)phenyl]octahydroindolizine; 4-[4-(4-Pyridylthio)phenyl]octahydroquinolizine; trans-3-[4-(3-Methansulfonaminobenzyloxy)phenyl]octahydroindolizine; and trans-3-[4-(4-Trifluoromethoxyphenyl)phenyl]octahydroindolizine.
20. The compound of claim 1, selected from: 3-Biphenyl-4-yl-octahydro-indolizine; trans-3-(4-Phenoxy-phenyl)-octahydro-indolizine; cis-3-(4-Phenoxy-phenyl)-octahydro-indolizine; Dimethyl-[5-(octahydro-indolizin-3-yl)-naphthalen-1-yl]-amine; [4-(Octahydro-indolizin-3-yl)-phenyl]-diphenyl-amine; 5-[4-(4-Pyridinylthio)phenyl]octahydroindolizine; 5-[4-(4-Nitrophenylthio)phenyl]octahydroindolizine; 3-[4-(Pyridin-3-yloxy)-phenyl]-octahydro-indolizine; 2-[4-(Octahydro-indolizin-3-yl)-phenoxy]-1H-benzoimidazole; 3-[4-(4-Nitro-phenylsulfanyl)-phenyl]-octahydro-indolizine; 3-[4-(Pyrimidin-2-ylsulfanyl)-phenyl]-octahydro-indolizine; 2-[4-(Octahydro-indolizin-3-yl)-phenylsulfanyl]-3H-quinazolin-4-one; 2-[4-(Octahydro-indolizin-3-yl)-phenoxy]-quinoline; 2-Methyl-8-[4-(octahydro-indolizin-3-yl)-phenoxy]-quinoline; 4-[4-(Octahydro-indolizin-3-yl)-phenylsulfanyl]-benzonitrile; 5-(4-(4-Aminophenylthio)phenyl)octahydroindolizine; 3-Methylamino-3-(4-bromophenyl)octahydroindolizine; trans-3-[4-(4-Methylene-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-diimine)phenyl]octahydroindolizine; 4′-(Octahydro-indolizin-3-yl)-biphenyl-3-ylamine; 3-(4-Thiophen-3-yl-phenyl)-octahydro-indolizine; 2-[4-(Octahydro-indolizin-3-yl)-phenyl]-thiophene-3-carbaldehyde; 4′-(Octahydro-indolizin-3-yl)-biphenyl-4-carbaldehyde; 3-(4′-Fluoro-biphenyl-4-yl)-octahydro-indolizine; and trans-3-[4-(3-hydroxyiminomethylthienyl)phenyl]octahydroindolizine.
21. The compound of claim 1, selected from: trans-3-[4-(3-Methylsulfonylaminophenyl)phenyl]octahydroindolizine; anti-2-[2-(3-Piperidinylpropoxy)phenyl]octahydroindolizine; trans-3-[4-(4-Aminophenoxy)phenyl]octahydroindolizine; trans-3-(4-Aminophenyl)octahydroindolizine; trans-3-(4-(N,N-Dimethylamino)phenyl)octahydroindolizine; trans-3-(4-(Methylsulfonylamino)phenyl)octahydroindolizine; trans-3-(4-(bis-Methylsulfonylamino)phenyl)octahydroindolizine; trans-3-{4-[4-(N-(1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl)piperidinylamino]phenyl}octahydroindolizine; trans-3-[4-(4-Piperidinylamino)phenyl]octahydroindolizine; trans-3-[4-(N-Ethyl-N-4-N-methylsulfonylpiperidinylamino)phenyl]octahydroindolizine; N-[4-(trans-Octahydro-3-indolizinyl)phenyl]propenamide; N-Methyl-N-[4-(trans-Octahydro-3-indolizinyl)phenyl]propenamide; and trans-3-{4-[(2-Pyrrolidylethyl)sulfonylamino]phenyl}octahydroindolizine.
22. The compound of claim 1, selected from: trans-3-{4-[(4-Chlorophenyl)methan-1-ol]phenyl}octahydroindolizine; trans-3-{4-[(4-Chlorobenzyl]phenyl}octahydroindolizine; [4-(Octahydro-indolizin-3-yl)-phenyl]-pyridin-3-ylmethyl-amine; [4-(Octahydro-indolizin-3-yl)-phenyl]-pyridin-2-ylmethyl-amine; [4-(Octahydro-indolizin-3-yl)-phenyl]-thiophen-3-ylmethyl-amine; Furan-2-ylmethyl-[4-(octahydro-indolizin-3-yl)-phenyl]-amine; [4-(Octahydro-indolizin-3-yl)-phenyl]-pyridin-4-ylmethyl-amine; Benzyl-[4-(octahydro-indolizin-3-yl)-phenyl]-amine; [4-(Octahydro-indolizin-3-yl)-phenyl]-(1-oxy-pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-amine; (1H-Imidazol-2-ylmethyl)-[4-(octahydro-indolizin-3-yl)-phenyl]-amine; Dibenzyl-[4-(octahydro-indolizin-3-yl)-phenyl]-amine; (R, R)-Octahydro-3-[4-(4-pyridinylthio)phenyl]indolizine; and (S, S-Octahydro-3-[4-(4-pyridinylthio)phenyl]indolizine.
23. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a compound of claim
1. 24. A method for treating a disorder or condition mediated by the histamine H₃ receptor in a subject, said method comprising administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim
1. 25. A method of claim 24, wherein said disorder or condition is selected from the group consisting of sleep/wake disorders, arousal/vigilance disorders, migraine, asthma, dementia, mild cognitive impairment (pre-dementia), Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, narcolepsy, eating disorders, motion sickness, vertigo, attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, learning disorders, memory retention disorders, schizophrenia, nasal congestion, allergic rhinitis, and upper airway allergic response.
26. A method for treating a disease or condition modulated by at least one receptor selected from the histamine H₁ receptor and the histamine H₃ receptor, said method comprising (a) administering to a subject a jointly effective amount of a histamine H₁ receptor antagonist compound, and (b) administering to the subject a jointly effective amount of a compound of claim 1, said method providing a jointly therapeutically effective amount of said compounds.
27. (canceled)
28. A method for treating diseases or conditions modulated by at least one receptor selected from the histamine H₂ receptor and the histamine H₃ receptor in a subject, comprising (a) administering to the subject a jointly effective amount of a histamine H₂ receptor antagonist compound, and (b) administering to the subject a jointly effective amount of a compound of claim 1, said method providing a jointly therapeutically effective amount of said compounds.
29. (canceled)
30. A method for treating one or more disorders or conditions selected from the group consisting of sleep/wake disorders, narcolepsy, and arousal/vigilance disorders, comprising administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim
1. 31. A method for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD), comprising administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim
1. 32. A method for treating one or more disorders or conditions selected from the group consisting of dementia, mild cognitive impairment (pre-dementia), cognitive dysfunction, schizophrenia, depression, manic disorders, bipolar disorders, and learning and memory disorders, comprising administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim
1. 33. A method for treating or preventing upper airway allergic response, nasal congestion, or allergic rhinitis, comprising administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim
1. 34. A method for studying disorders mediated by the histamine H₃ receptor, comprising using a ¹¹C- or ¹⁸F-labeled compound of claim 1 as a positron emission tomography (PET) molecular probe..
|
github_open_source_100_8_20028 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// <auto-generated>
// This code was generated from a template.
//
// Manual changes to this file may cause unexpected behavior in your application.
// Manual changes to this file will be overwritten if the code is regenerated.
// </auto-generated>
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
namespace PublicJournal.Dal
{
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
public partial class GenericEvent
{
public GenericEvent()
{
this.Events = new HashSet<Event>();
this.EventCategories = new HashSet<EventCategory>();
this.EventTestimonials = new HashSet<EventTestimonial>();
}
public int Id { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public string Description { get; set; }
public int CountryId { get; set; }
public virtual Country Country { get; set; }
public virtual ICollection<Event> Events { get; set; }
public virtual ICollection<EventCategory> EventCategories { get; set; }
public virtual ICollection<EventTestimonial> EventTestimonials { get; set; }
}
}
|
lawyersreportsa08unkngoog_164 | English-PD | Public Domain | In Goodman v. Hess, 66 Misc. 482, 107 N. Y. Supp. 1 12, it was held that, where the written authorization given to the broker stated the annual rental of the property to be a certain sum, and the broker procured a purchaser ready, able, and willing to buy on the owner's terms, but the sale fell through because of the owner's misrepresen- tation as to the rental value of the prop- erty, the broker was entitled . to commis- sions. Compare Curtiss v. Mott, 90 Hun, 439, 35 N. Y. Supp. 983, infra. So, where the written authorization given the broker states that possession of the property may be had at once, and the sale to a prospective purchaser found by the broker falls through because of the owner's in- ability to give immediate possession, the broker is entitled to his commissions. Put- ter v. Berger, 95 App. Div. 62, 88 N. Y. Supp. 462. Where a broker produces a purchaser who is given an option on the property by the owner, but who declines to enter into a for- mal contract because a mortgage on the property does not run as long as was stipu- lated in the preliminary memorandum, the broker is entitled to recover commissions. Seidman v. Rauner, 61 Misc. 10, 90 N. Y. Supp. 862; Frank v. Connor, 107 N. Y. Supp. 132. If a principal represents that he owns and has a good title to real estate, and em- ploys an agent to sell the same, he cannot. in the absence of an agreement to that ef- dect, deny to the agent compensation for his Digitized by N^ougie 1264 WEST VIRGINIA SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS. Mab., The commissions are not payable because the contract required their payment out of purchase moneys and no purchase money was received, and therefore no fund has arisen out of which to pay commisBions. Murray v. Rickard, 103 Va. 132, 48 S. E. 871. Mr. V, 6. Young for appellees. Miller, J., delivered the opinion of the court: The decree complained of involved an ac- tion of assumpsit brought by plaintiffs as real-estate brokers against the defendants, their principals, to recover commissions for sale of a tract of land of 1,000 acres in Upshur county and the lumbering plant thereon. By agreement of the parties this action was referred to a commissioner, to whom the chancery cause of the defendant Weekley against his copartner Giffin to wind up the partnership business had also been referred. The commissioner in a brief report found that the contract of plaintiffs with defendants was without consideration, and theretore void, and that said action should be dismissed, to which report the plaintiffs excepted. Upon final decree Feb- ruary 18, 1907, in the chancery cause, this exception was sustained, and, among the sums decreed against said firm in favor rf other creditors $1,894.38 was decreed in favor of plaintiffs, being 5 per cent commis- sion on $35,000, the contract price at which they claimed to have sold defendants' prop- erty, with interest, from which decree de- fendants have appealed. The plaintiffs' contract of employment is in writing, and therefore there is no contro- versy as to its terms. It recites a money consideration of $1, clothes plaintiffs "with full and complete authority to negotiate and sell" said property, and provides thnt they "are to make all the effort possible to make sale" thereof, "for which they are to receive 5 per cent commission for their services out of the first payment." It also provided that they were to offer the property for the sum of $46,000, but in the event it should be sold for a less sum they should receive commission only on the price at which the owners and purchasers might agree upon. It is admitted by the defend- ants that the plaintiffs, pursuant to this authority, produced to them as a purchaser J. W. McCullough, to whom by contract in writing they made sale of the property at the price of $35,000, in consideration of which sum they agreed to make him a deed at once, the sale "to be based on the actual services in making a sale which is after- ward defeated because the title proves de- fective. Roberts v. Kimmons, 65 Miss. 332, 3 So. 736 ; Davis v. Lawrence, 52 Kan. 383, 34 Pac. 1051; Smye v. Oroesbeck (Tex. Civ. App.) 73 S. W. 972. Where the principal asserted his title to be good and that his attorneys had so ad- vised him, and there was nothing to show that the broker undertook to pass upon the question of title, or that his right to com- pensation could be denied, it was held that the broker's right to commissions was not affected by any question of title arising be- tween the principal and the purchaser in consequence of which the contract was not performed. Conkling v. Krakauer, 70 Tex. 735, 11 S. W. 117. So, in a case in which the purchaser was ready and willing, and even anxious, to buy, but the principal was unable or un- willing to give a perfect title, and, while the money was on deposit awaiting action on the principal's part, he sold the land to another, where the evidence proved that the principal had represented to the broker and to the person who desired to purchase that his title was perfect, but investigation and evidence showed it was not, and the evidence failed to show that the broker was em- ployed to procure a purchaser to take the property regardless of title, it was held that the broker was entitled to his commissions upon the sale which was never consummated. Sullivan v. Hampton (Tex. Civ. App.) 32 S. W. 235. The foregoing cases are those of express 16 L.R.A.(N.S.) representations on the part of the owner as to his title. For discussion of the general question of a broker's right to commissions where the sale fails because of a defect in his employer's title, see case note to Yodcr V. Randol, 3 L.R.A.(N.S.) 676. A broker who undertajces to procure a loan upon the assurance of his employer's attorney that his employer, who is acting as executor of an estate, has power to execute a mortgage thereon, is entitled to commis- sions where he finds one who is ready and willing to make the loan upon a valid mort- gage, but who refuses to do so because not satisfied of the executor's authority to make the mortgage. FuIIerton v. Carpenter, 97 Mo. App. 197, 71 S. W. 98. It will be observed that in all of the fore- going cases the right of a broker to recover his commissions is predicated upon the find- ing that he has completely performed his contract. The following decisions, although denying the right to recover in cases where the sale failed because of misrepresentations on the part of the owner, base such denial upon grounds entirely consistent with the doctrine of the foregoing cases: Thus, in Curtiss v. Mott, 90 Hun, 439. 35 N. Y. Supp. 983 (Appeal Dismissed in 133 N. Y. 063, 52 N. E. 1124), where the broker found a party ready, willing, and able to purchase upon the terms mentioned by the principal, provided the monthly rentals were equal to those represented to him by the broker; and the broker obtained his infor- mation respecting such rentals from his principal, who stated that they i^ounted t4 Digitized by Google 1908. HUGILL T. WEEKLEY. 1265 condition of the property" as of the date of the contract, August 14, 1906, and from that date nothing waa to be removed from the property without the consent of the purchas- er; he agreeing on his part to pay the pur- chase money on or before August 22, 1905, but, should the title not be perfected by that date, the time of payment to be extended until the same should be perfected. So far the case presents no controverted question of fact. The plaintiffs claim that immediately on the execution of the con- tract of sale the purchaser was put in full possession of the property, and continued to operate the same, through a superintendent employed by him, for some days, but about the day of payment he refused to carry out the contract except on condition of the abatement of $10,000 of the purchase money for alleged misrepresentation by the defend- ants regarding the timber on the land, which abatement the defendants declined to make. Whereupon the defendants, after tendering a deed, entered suit against McCullough for specific execution or recovery of the purchase price, afterwards abandoned by them, for what reason the record does not distinctly show. Weekley says in his evidence that on his trip to Friendsville, Maryland, where McCullough lived, he did not find anything there out of which they could make their money. There is evidence, however, tending to show McCullough's solvency, and that he was financially responsible for his con- tract. That he did take possession of the property, at least in a tentative way, is not denied by the defendants; but, whatever the fact may be about his possession, as w( view the case, the question is not material. We may inquire then. When, under a con- tract of employment like the one involved here, may a broker be said to have per- formed it on his part so as to entitle him to his compensation ? The contract, as we have seen, provided that the plaintiffs were "to make all the effort possible to make sale of the property, for which tliey are to receive 6 per cent commission." We may assume that this contract implied, if it did not ex- pressly require, a sale as a condition of pay- ment of commission. There can be no ques- tion, however, that the plaintiffs fully per- formed their contract in this particular. A purchaser was actually procured, and a sale actually made. The universal rule is that, unless limited by express provisions of the contract) a broker is entitled to his com- pensation when he has done all his contract required of him. 4 Am. & Eng. Enc. Law, p. 972, and cases cited; Reynolds v. Tompkins, the given sum, whereas in point of fact they were less; and the purchaser thereupon refused to complete the sale, — it was held that he could not recover his commissions, upon the ground that, since the purchaser was willing to buy only upon the condition as above stated, he had not fulfilled his con- tract by producing a buyer willing to pur- chase at the seller's terms. It was ques- tioned, however, whether the broker might not have an action to recover damages oc- casioned by the misrepresentations of his principal which prevented the performance of his contract, but, as the question was not directly raised, the court did not pass an opinion thereon. Such also appears to have been the ground of decision in Hausman v. Herdtfelder, 81 App. Div. 46, 80 N. Y. Supp. 1039, in which it was held that, where the purchaser pro- cured by the broker was not ready and will- ing to enter into a legal contract of purchase upon the terms offered by the owner, the broker could not recover commissions al- though the party procured by him with- drew because the lot was not so deep as the owner had told the broker it was. In Crockett v. Grayson, 98 Va. 354, 36 S. E. 477, the court recognized the rule that, where a broker has found a purchaser ready and willing to complete the purchase upon the terms agreed upon, and the purchaser has entered into a valid contract, his right to compensation cannot be defeated by the fault of the seller, by his misrepresentation, or by his whimsical or unreasonable refusal to comply with his contract; but held that, IS LJLA.(N.S.) 80 where, in the contract signed by the pro- spective purchaser, the right was reserved to cancel the contract if liens on the property exceeded a certain amount, which amount the owner had represented would satisfy such liens, and the purchaser exercised such reserved right upon discovering that the liens exceeded such amount, there was no such performance on the part of the broker as would entitle him to commissions. The action being one of covenant, the foregoing decision seems justifiable; but the position of the court in denying any right to recover on the ground of fraud is, to say the least, open to criticism. It says: "There are, per- haps, cases in which a broker may be en- titled to compensation where a negotiation for the sale of real estate has been broken off by reason of a misrepresentation made by the seller. . . . It is a fundamental principle that the fraud of which one com- plains must be accompanied by damage to constitute a cause of action. It is true that Grayson represented that $4,000 would satis- fy the liens upon his lands, and this state- ment appears to have been untrue; but it is plain that, so far as it affects Crockett's right to recover in this action, it did not injure him in the least degree, for, if the representation had not been made, Spiller would never have entered into the agree- ment. Had Grayson disclosed the precise state of the record with respect to the liens upon his property, it is safe to say that the negotiation between himself and Spiller would at once have ended." Digitized by Google i8«e WEST VIRGINIA SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS. Mai^ 23 W. Va. 229; Ober v. Stephens, 54 W. Va. 364, 46 S. E. 195; Parker v. National Mut. Bldg. & L. Asso. S5 W. Va. 134, 46 S. E. 811; 19 Cyc. Law & Proc. pp. 255, 270, and cases cited. In many cases the contract of the broker is to furnish a purchaser ready and willing to purchase on the terms pro- posed. When this has been done, his con- tract is complete, and he is entitled to his commission, whether a sale is actually ef- fected or not. 4 Am. & Eng. Enc. Law, p. 972; Parker t. National Mut. Bldg. & L. Asso. supra. We have assumed that the contract in the case at bar required plain- tiffs to actually bring about a sale as a condition precedent to the right to demand compensation. In such a case, "if the prin- cipal and the customer found by the broker enter into a valid contract, and the broker acts in good faith, the broker is not de- prived of his right to a commission by the fact that the customer fails to carry out the contract." 19 Cyc Law & Proc. p. 270, and many cases cited in notes. The suggestion in the evidence of Weekley of want of pecuniary responsibility of the purchaser will not avail defendants. The authorities hold that, if the principal actual- ly enters into a contract with the purchas- er furnished by the broker, the commission is due, although the purchaser proves finan- cially irresponsible. 19 Cyc. Law & Proc. p. 271, and cases cited. We do not under- stand, however, that this point ia seriously relied on here. The points which are relied on by appel- lants are based on the refusal of McCullough to complete his contract because of the al- leged misrepresentation of H. E. Rexroad, an employee of appellants, sent by them with McCullough at his request to show him the land and the timber thereon, to the effect that about 400 acres of said land had not been cut over. McCullough went on the land to examine the timber for himself. It is not pretended that Rexroad had any au- thority, except, at McCullough's request, to show him the boundaries of the tract, that he might see and know for himself to what extent the timber had been taken. Rexroad admits that while on the land with McCul- lough he did make some such representation respecting the timber. If this was binding on the defendants, it does not appear that McCullough relied thereon, except that he assigned it as a reason for not completing the contract. He is not a party to the suit, and his deposition was not taken. Nor does it appear that at the time of the sale the appellants had knowledge of such misrepre- sentation of Rexroad. It is very doubtful, therefore, whether such representation by an unauthorized agent, with opportunity to the purchaser to see and examine the land 15 L.R.A.(N.S.) for himself, and while actually engaged ia doing 80, would relieve him from his con- tract upon any rule or principle applicable in such cases. But this question is collat- eral to the issues here, and not presented for our decision. The points referred to are, first, that the appellants never having received any of the purchase money out of the first payment of which the contract provided the plaintiffs were to be paid commissions, the plaintiffs cannot recover the same; second, that, be- cause of the alleged misrepresentation, the sale was void, for, such representation be- ing of a very material fact, the minds of the parties never met on the subject-matter of the contract, and hence the plaintiffs are not entitled to commissions. We cannot ac- cede to the first proposition. The author- ities already cited do not limit the right of recovery in that way. The contract here is not susceptible of any such forced and in- equitable construction. Having performed their contract, if for any reason not in- volving culpability on their part, but due to the misrepresentation of the seller, the contract of sale fails of execution, the plain- tiffs cannot be deprived of compensation. 19 Cyc. Law & Proc. p. 271, and cases cited in note 88; Parker v. National Mut. Bldg. & L. Asso. supra; Glentworth v. Luther, 21 Barb. 145; Shipherd v. Cohu (Super. Ct.) 5 N. Y. Supp. 187; Middleton v. Thompson, 163 Pa. 112, 29 Atl. 796. The cases of Crockett v. Grayson, 98 Va. 364, 36 8. E. 477, and Murray v. Rickard, 103 Va. 132, 48 S. E. 871, cited by counsel, are not op- posed to these authorities. The latter is predicated on the former, and each is turned on the fact that in the contract of sale a right was reserved by which it was subse- quently defeated. The first holds distinctly on a number of state and Federal cases that, when a broker has found "a purchaser who has entered into a valid contract, his right to compensation cannot be defeated by the default of the seller, by his misrepre- sentation, or by his whimsical or unreason- able refusal to comply with his contract." The second proposition involves, also, the same principles applicable to the first; but, in addition, it is insisted that, because of the alleged misrepresentation as to the tim- ber, the minds of the contracting parties never met, and hence the contract was wholly invalid, with the same result to the plaintiffs' rights as if no contract had in fact been entered into. We cannot accede to this proposition. There was no mutiul mistake as to the subject-matter of the contract. The parties did meet thereon. There is no question about the identity of the property sold, nothing to affect it except the apparently innocent mistake of Rexroad Digitized by Google 1908. HUGILL V. WEEKLEY. 1267 in relation to the timber. Whatever the rights of the purchaser, the contract was binding on the defendants, who might, if bound by Rexroad's representation, be com- pelled to suffer an abatement of purchase money. In case of a mistaken identity of the property sold neither party would be bound by tlie contract. A court of equity would relieve both or either. Then the minds of the parties would be said not to have met on the subject of the contract. But such is not the result of the present con- tract. It is attempted, however, to apply this doctrine in the case at bar, and we are cited, among other authorities, t^i Baxter V. Tanner, 35 W. Va. 60, 12 S. E. 1094; Silliman v. Gillespie, 48 W. Va. 374, 37 S. E. 669; and Fearon Lumber & Veneer Co. V. Wilson, 51 W. Va. 30. 41 8. E. 137,— all cases of mistaken identity of land, and of little or no application to the present case. Upon principle and authority, therefore, we think the decree should be affirmed. Petition for rehearing denied May 1, 1908, UNITED RTATKS CIHCUIT COURT OF APPEALS, SECOND CIRCUIT. THOMAS, Appt., v. SUGERMAK et al. (— C. C. A. — , 157 Fed. 669.) Bankruptcy — election of remedy. A trustee in bankruptcy, who, with full knowledge of the facts, institutes proceed- ings to reach money concealed by the bank- rupt, and obtains an order tor a sum found by charging the bankrupt with the whole of a sum received by him for accounts sold with intention to defraud creditors, thereby elects to confirm the sale, and is precluded from subsequently proceeding against the trans- feree to recover possession of the accounts. (Lacombe, Circuit Judge, dissents.) (November 7, 1907.) APPEAL by plaintiff from a judgment of the District Court of the I'nited States for the Southern District of New York in defendants' favor in an action brought to reach property alleged to have been trans- ferred by a bankrupt with intent to defraud his creditors. Affirmed. The facts are stated in the opinion. Argued before Lacombe, Coxe, and Ward, Circuit Judges. Messrs. James, Scliell, & Elkins for ap- pellant. Messrs. J. 3. Crawford, Carlisle J. Glcason, and Rol>ert P. Lievls for re- spondent. Ward, Circuit Judge, delivered the opin- ion of the court: The complainant, trustee in bankruptcy of the defendant Lightstone, filed this bill in equity, alleging that Lightstone, when insolvent and within the four months pre- ceding the filing of the petition in bank- ruptcy, sold outstanding accounts aggregat- ing $47,197.61 to the defendant Suserraan, and received therefor the sum of $30,000, both parties intending thereby to defeat and defraud Lightstone's creditors. The bill prayed that the transfer might be set aside as fraudulent. The defendant Sugerman filed a plea in bar, to the effect that the plaintiff, with a full knowledge of all the facts, had ratified the transfer by obtaining an order from the district judge requir- ing the bankrupt to turn over to him the sum of $17,500, balance of the payment of $30,000 received and not accounted for. The complainant set the plea down for argu- ment. The court, by consent of parties, con- sidered in connection with the plea the com- plainant's petition as trustee, the answer of the bankrupt, and the certificate of the ref- eree, which showed that the sum of $17,- 500, found to have been concealed by the bankrupt, was arrived at after charging him with the whole $30,000 received from Sugerman. The district judge sustained the plea. It is quite clear that, if Lightstone had been induced to make the transfer to Suger- man by fraud, he could not at the same time retain the $30,000, and ask to have the transfer set aside. Such claims would Note. — Altliouph it is well settled that * creditor may not attack a fraudulent con- veyance after pursuing property received by his debtor in exchange for the property con- veyed, the case reported, in attributing to a proceeding to compel a bankrupt to turn over the proceeds of the sale the effect of an affirmance, appears to be without direct precedent. In Kells v. McClure, 09 Minn. 60, 71 N. W. 827, however, it is held that a ratifica- tion of an alleged fraudulent sale cannot be predicated upon the simple fact that notes 15 L.RJl.(N.S.) received in consideration thereof had come, by virtue of the fraudulent vendor's assign- ment for the benefit of creditors, into the hands of one who, as such assignee, was seeking to set aside the sale. In connection with the case reported, see also Mason v. Wolkowich, 10 L.R.A.(N.S.) 705, 80 C. C. A. 435, 150 Fed. 699, which holds that the petition of a trustee in bank- ruptcy that the proceeds of an unauthorized sale by a receiver of the bankrupt's property 1)0 turned over to him is a ratification of the sale. Digitized by Google 1268 UNITED STATES CIRCUIT COURT OF APPEALS. Nov.. be inconsistent, because the retaining of the payment would be an affirmance of the contract of sale, while the claim to have the transfer set aside would be a repudiation of it. Cobb V. Hatfield, 46 N. Y. 633, 537. It is also quite clear that, if both the par- ties to the transfer had made it with tlie intention to defraud third parties, the law would give relief to neither as against the other. The complainant, as trustee, how- ever, represents not only the bankrupt, al- leged to be a party to the fraud, but bis creditors, who are innocent, and he may assert on their account rights against Sug- erman which the bankrupt could not. If the complainant was entitled to set the transfer aside as fraudulent, be could have recovered the accounts from Sugerman, but would have had to return to him the price, or any part of it, paid to the bankrupt, which the complainant had received. This is because the right of the creditors was simply to be made whole. For the same rea- son, he would not have had to credit Suger- man with anything paid by Sugerman to the bankrupt which he, the complainant, had not actually received from the bankrupt. Of course, if the trustee had found the $30,- 000 in the bankrupt's deposit box and taken it into his possession, or if the bankrupt had voluntarily paid the sum to him, the mere receipt of the money would not amount to an election by the trustee to affirm the transfer. But that is not the case. The trustee here, with a full knowledge of all the facts, alleged in a formal proceeding that the bankrupt had in his possession and was concealing money, and by that proceed- ing he has, so to speak, created a fund. Nor can we adopt the appellant's theory that in this proceeding the trustee was mere- ly seeking to get in the bankrupt's estate in order to determine, after it was in his hands, whether to affirm or to repudiate the transfer to Sugerman. The papers and proceedings show nothing of the kind, but, on the contrary, that he was seeking to get the money as a part of the bankrupt's es- tate to be distributed among the creditors. The case presents an election between in- consistent rights. It makes no difference that the defendant Sugerman was not a party to the proceeding in which the com- plainant charged the bankrupt with the money paid for the accounts transferred by him, or that the complainant actually re- covered nothing in that proceeding. This act confirmed the title to those accounts in Sugerman. In an action against the defendant for conversion of personal prop- erty, it appeared that the plaintiffs had be- gun a previous action against two persons who had removed that property to recover 16 L.R.A.(N.S.) the value of plaintiffs' interest therein. The court held the action not maint«iiiable because the plaintiffs had elected, by pro- ceeding in the first action on the theory of a sale, to rely upon an inconsistent right. Judge Peckham said: "The plaintiffs hav- ing, by their former action, in effect, sold this very property, it must follow that at the time of the commencement of this one they had no cause of action for a conver- sion in existence against the defendant here- in. The transfer of the title did not de- pend upon the plaintiffs recovering satisfac- tion in such action for the purchase price. It waa their election to treat the transac- tion as a sale which accomplished that re- sult, and that election was proved by the complaint already referred to. But it is urged that this election of the plaintiffs is not binding upon them in favor of the de- fendant herein, because it was only against the defendants in the other action that they made their election. It is said there is no case to be found where an election has been treated as binding in favor of a stranger to the transaction, and that the defendant here- in is such stranger so far as the plaintiff's transaction with the defendants in the other action is concerned. I do not think this claim can be maintained. In the first place, what is the nature of the plaintiffs' act in electing to consider the transaction as a sale? It is a decision or determina- tion upon their part to in effect ratify and proclaim the lawfulness of the act of taking the property; and it is an assertion on the plaintiffs' part that in so doing the plain- tiffs' interest in the property was purchased, and that thereby their whole title was trans- ferred and they ceased to own any part of the property, and that those who took it impliedly promised the plaintiffs to pay them the value of their interest in such property. This being so, why does not such transfer of title bind the plaintiffs as to the whole world? Surely the title which plaintiffs once had in the property cannot at the same time rest with them and pass to those who took it. If the title really once passed, that would be a fact actually existing, which anybody ought to have the right to prove if it became material in protecting his own rights, unless there were some equitable con- siderations in such case which should pre- vent it. I cannot see that any exist here. With full knowledge of all the facts, the plaintiffs deliberately elected to treat the transaction, in which this defendant's share was well known, as a sale of the property, and now they propose to recover from this defendant damages for the conversion by him of the very same property which they have Digitized by Google 1907. THOMAS ▼. SUGERMAN. 1260 already said they sold by virtue of the very transaction which they now claim amounted to a conversion of the property by this de- fendant. Why should the defendant not be permitted to set up such sale as a complete defense to this action? The plaintiffs have done nothing by reason of defendant's acts which should estop him from setting up this defense. Their situation has not since been altered for the worse by anything the de- fendant has done. If not, then the fact that the plaintiffs sold the property by virtue of the transaction which they now seek to treat as a conversion of it by this defendant must and ought to operate as a perfect bar to the maintenance of this action. And this is not in the least upon the principle of equitable estoppel. It is upon the principle that the plaintiiTs, by their own free choice, decided to sell the property, and, having done so, it necessarily follows that they have no cause of action against defendant for an al- leged conversion of the same property by the same acts which they had already treated as amounting to a sale." Terry v. Munger, 121 N. Y. 161, 168. 8 L.R.A. 216, 18 Am. St. Rep. 803, 24 N. E. 272; Deitz v. Field, 10 App. Div. 429, 41 N. Y. Supp. 1087; Butler v. Hildreth, 6 Met. 49. The judgment of the court below is af- firmed. IJaconibc, Circuit Judge, dissenting (filed October 18, 1907): I am unable to concur with the majority of the court. It seems to me that a trustee in bankruptcy does not perform any act of election of which some debtor of the bank- rupt can take advantage, merely because he fulfils his statutory duty to possess himself of all the property in bankrupt's possession at the time of the bankruptcy, as promptly aa he can. It is conceded that, if the bankrupt had kept the $30,000 in a private safe in some deposit company, and, upon learning of the appointment of the trustee, had delivered it to the latter, receipt of it would not con- stitute an election; and I cannot see how the situation is changed by the circumstance that the bankrupt delivers it in obedience to an order to show cause, or turns over only part of it because he has squandered the re- mainder. It would seem to be a disastrous rule to apply that, whenever a trustee in- sists that a bankrupt shall turn over all the property in his possession, he thereby ratifies by election all sorts of transactions which the bankrupt may have had with the persons from whom he got the property ; and I am not satisfied that the authorities cited require such an extension of the doctrine of election. 16 l..R.A.(N.S.) CAIilFOBNIA SUPREME COURT, (In Banc.) LOS ANGELES RAILWAY (X)MPANY, Appt., V. CITY OF LOS ANGELES, Respt. (— Cal. — , 92 Pac. 400.) Franchise ^ forfeiture — self-executing statute. 1. A statutory provision that failure to comply with the provisions of the ordinance granting a street-railway right of way works a forfeiture is self-executing, so that, in case the ordinance provides that failure to complete the work within the time lim- ited shall forfeit the franchise, no judg- ment declaring forfeiture is necessary. Municipal corporations— railway tracks ^ forcible interference. 2. A city may, by force, resist the unau- thorized construction of street-railway tracks upon its streets. (November 7, 1907.) Caae Kote. — Bight of municipal cor- poration to resist by force unauthor- ized use of street by railroad or street railway company. A search has disclosed but few cases pre- senting the distinctive point indicated in the a^ve title, viz., whether, assuming or conceding for the purposes of the point that the use of the street by the railway com- pany was originally unlawful, or has since become so, the municipality may resist it by force. Cases in which the right is de- nied upon the ground that that use was not unlawful are, of course, not in point. It was held in Delaware, L. & W. R. Co. V. Buffalo, 158 N. Y. 478, 63 N. E. 633, that permission given to a railroad com- pany by legislative and municipal authority to cross a city street at an elevation did not constitute permission to obstruct near- ly one half of the width of the street by piers and abutments; and that therefore the railroad company could not enjoin the city and its street commissioner from forci- bly removing such obstruction. An injunction to prevent city officers from arresting engineers and otherwise in- terfering with the unauthorized switcliing of cars in a city street was refused in At- lantic &. B. R. Co. V. Montezuma, 122 Ga. 1, 49 S. E. 738. But it was said in Spokane Street R. Co. V. Spokane Falls, 6 Wash. 521, 33 Pac. 1072, that, while a well-constructed street railway, if unauthorized, might be a tech- nical nuisance, it was not dangerous to either life, health, or property; and that, so long as the courts were open for the de- termination of such controversies, there was no call for violence or any manner of op- pressive action, on the part of the eity. al- though the city charter provided that the city might cause any nuisance to be abated. Digitized by Google 1270 CALIFORNIA SUPREME COURT. Nov, APPEAL by plaintiff from a judgment of the Superior Court for Los Angeles County in defendant's favor in a suit to enjoin interference with the laying of tracks in the city street. Affirmed. The facts are stated in the opinion. Mr. E^dward E. Bacon, with Messrs. Blcknell, Gibson, Trask, Dnnn, & Crntcher, for appellant: A legislative provision for the forfeiture of a franchise is not self-executing, and no forfeiture takes place until judicially de- creed. 2 Clark & M. Priv. Corp. {$ 312, 313, p. 869; State ex rel. Atty. Gen. v. Atchison & N. R. Co. 8 Am. St. Rep. 193, note; Schulenberg v. Harriman, 21 Wall. 44, 22 L. ed. 551; United States v. Northern P. R. Co. 177 U. S. 435, 44 L. ed. 836, 20 Sup. Ct. Rep. 706; Frost v. Frostburg Coal Co. 24 How. 278, 16 L. ed. 637; VVallamet Falls Canal & Lock Co. v. Kittridge, 5 Sawy. 44, Fed. Cas. No. 17,105; Utah, N. & C. R. Co. v. Utah it, C. R. Co. 110 Fed. 879; Iron Mountain R. Co. v. Memphis, 37 C. C. A. 410, 96 Fed. 113; Bloch v. O'Conner Min. tt, Mfg. Co. 129 Ala. 528, 29 So. 925; Leh- man T. Warner, 61 Ala. 455; Smith v. Tal- lassee Branch of Cent. PI. Road Co. 30 Ala. 650; Brown v. Wyandotte k S. E. R. Co. 68 Ark. 134, 56 S. W. 862; People ex rel. Sabichi v. Los Angeles Electric R. Co. 91 Cal. 338, 27 Pac. 673; New York & N. E. R. Co. V. New York, N. H. A H. R. Co. 62 Conn. 274; Wilmington City R. Co. v. Wil- mington & B. S. R. Co. 8 Del. Ch. 468, 46 Atl. 12; Union Branch R. Co. v. East Ten- nessee k G. R. Co. 14 Qa. 327; Logan v. Vernon, G. & R. R. Co. 90 Ind. 652; State ex rel. Belden v. Fagan, 22 La. Ann. 645; Atchafalaya Bank t. Dawson, 13 La. 497; Ulmer v. Lime Rock R. Co. 98 Me. 679, 66 L.R.A. 387, 67 Atl. 1001 ; Bonaparte v. Baltimore, H. & L. R. Co. 75 Md. 340, 23 Atl. 784 ; Chesapeake & 0. Canal Co. v. Bal- timore &. O. R. Co. 4 Gill & J. 122; Briggs V. Cape Cod Ship Canal Co. 137 Mass. 71; Toledo k A. A. R. Co. v. Johnson, 49 Mich. 148, 13 N. W. 492; State ex rel. Hahn v. Minnesota C. R. Co. 36 Minn. 2ii, 30 N. W. 816; Bohannon v. Binns, 31 Miss. 365; Dorr v. Lev«e Comrs. (Miss.) 28 So. 938; Atlantic k P. R. Co. v. St. Louis, 66 Mo. 228; State ex rel. Kansas City v. East Fifth Street R. Co. 140 Mo. 539, 38 L.R.A. 218, 62 Am. St. Rep. 742, 41 S. W. 955; Nebraska Teleph. Co. v. Fremont, 72 Neb. 25, 99 N. W. 811; Sewell's Falls Bridge v. Fisk, 23 N. H. 171; New Jersey Southern R. Co. V. Long Branch, 39 N. J. L. 28 ; New York k L. 1. Bridge Co. v. Smith, 148 N. Y. 540, 42 N. E. 1088; Re Brooklyn Elev. R. Co. 125 N. \. 434, 26 N. E. 474; Ashcville Street R. Co. v. Asheville, 109 N. C. 688, 14 S. E. 316; State ex rel. Linley v. Bryce, 7 Ohio, 15 L.R.A.(N.S.) 82; Western Pennsylvania R. Co.'s Appeal, 104 Pa. 399; State ex rel. Spartanburg v. Spartanburg C. k G. R. Co. 61 S. C. 129, 28 S. E. 145; Parker v. Bethel Hotel Co. 96 Tenn. 252, 31 L.R.A. 706, 34 S. W. 209; Galveston, H. & S. A. R. Co. v. SUto, 81 Tex. 672, 17 S. W. 67; Dem v. Salt Lake City R. Co. 19 Utah, 46, 56 Pao. 556; Vermont & C. R. Co. v. Vermont C. R. Co. 34 Vt. 2; Pixley v. Roanoke Nav. Co. 76 Va. 320; Greenbrier Lunilier Co. v. Ward, 30 W. Va. 43, 3 S. E. 227; Milwaukee Electric R. & Light Co. v. Milwaukee, 95 Wis. 39, 36 L.R.A. 45, 60 Am. St. Rep. 81, 69 N. W. 794; Atty. Gen. v. Superior k St. C. R. Co. 93 Wis. 604, 67 N. W. 1138. The alleged forfeiture of plaintiff's fran- chise can be enforced or asserted only by the state. Briggs V. Cape Cod Ship Canal Co.; Gal- veston, H. k S. A. R. Co. V. State; Schulen- berg ▼. Harriman; Milwaukee Electric R. k Light Co. T. Milwaukee; and State ex rel. Kansas City v. East Fifth Street R. Co., — supra; Mobile v. Louisville & N. R. Co. 84 Ala. 115, 6 Am. St. Rep. 342, 4 So. 106; People's Pass. R. Co. v. Memphis City R. Co. 10 Wall. 38, 19 L. ed. 844; Eichels v. Evans- ville Street R. Co. 78 Ind. 261, 41 Am. Rep. 562; Elliott, Roads & Streets, 2d ed. { 739; Wright v. Nagle, 101 U. S. 791, 26 L. ed. 921 ; City R. Co. v. Citizens' Street R. Co. 166 U. S. 557, 41 L. ed. 1114, 17 Sup. Ct. Rep. 653; Walla Walla v. Walla Walia Water Co. 172 U. S. 1, 43 L. ed. 341, 19 Sup. Ct. Rep. 77; Mercantile Trust k D. Co. v. Collins Parte k Belt R. Co. 99 Fed. 812; People ex rel. Sabichi v. Los Angeles Elec- tric R. Co. supra; People ex rel. WarSol<l v. Sutter Street R. Co. 117 Cal. 604, 49 Pac. 736; San Luis Obispo T. Fitzgerald, 126 Cal. 279, 58 Pac. 699. Defendant cannot lawfully oust the plain- tiff of possession by force, nor destroy its property. Easton, S. E. k W. E. Pass. R. Co. v. Easton, 133 Pa. 505, 19 Am. St. Rep. 658, 19 Atl. 486 ; Asheville Street R. Co. v. Ashe- ville and Iron Mountain R. Co. v. Mem- phis, supra; Spokane Street R. Co. v. Spo- kane Falls, 6 Wash. 621, 33 Pac. 1072; Ne- braska Teleph. Co. v. Fremont, supra. Messrs. W. B. Mathews, Iieslie R. Hewitt, Herbert J. Goudge, and Lewis B. Works, for respondent: The forfeiture was self-executing. Re Brooklyn, W. k N. R. Co. 72 N. Y. 245; Brooklyn Steam Transit Co. v. Brook- lyn, 78 N. Y. 624; Re Brooklyn. W. A N. R. Co. 81 N. Y. 60; BywaUrs v. Paris & G. N. R. Co. 73 Tex. 624, 11 S. W. 856; Peavey v. Calais R. Co. 30 Me. 498; Rnrland v. I^wis, 43 Cal. 569; Oakland R. Co. V. (. akland, B. k F, V. R. Co. 45 Cal. Digitized by V^jOO^ ItT 1907. LOS ANGELES ft. CO. v. LoS ANGELES. 1271 365, 13 Am. Rep. 181; Upfaam y. Hosking, 62 Cal. 250; Areata v. Areata & U. River R. Co. 02 Cal. 639, 28 Pac. 676; People ex rel. Sabichi t. Log Angeles Electric R. Co. 91 Cai. 338, 27 Pac. 673; Santo Rosa City R. Co. V. Central Street R. Co. 112 Cal. 436, 44 Pac. 733. The city has the right to prevent the further construction of a street railway un- der such franchise, and to remove the tracks laid. Brooklyn Steam Transit Co. v. Brooklyn, supra; Re Brooklyn, W. & N. R. Co. 72 N. Y. 245; Omnibus R. Co. v. Baldwin, 57 Cal. 160 ; Pacific R. Co. v. Leavenworth City, 1 Dill. 303, Fed. Cas. No. 10,640; Southern P. Co. v. Pomona, 144 Cal. 339, 77 Pac. 929. Beatty, Ch. J., delivered the opinion of the court: This is an appeal by the plaintiff — a street railway corporation — from a judg- ment of the superior court denying its prayer for an injunction restraining the de- fendant from interfering with the exercise of an alleged franchise. The record consists of the pleadings, certoin stipulated facts, and the decree, from which it appears that, by. an ordinance of the city of Los Angeles, duly adopted May 11, 1897, the predecessors of plaintiff were granted a franchise to con- struct and operate a street railway over and along certain streets of that city, the work of construction to be commenced within six months, and completed within eighteen months from the passage of the ordinance. |
2013201074_1887-07-12_1_4_1 | US-PD-Newspapers | Public Domain | 4 Año 1887. GACETA DE PUERTO - RICO Número 83. Artículo 10. Sostenimiento durante el año de 12 luces de gas a 9 centavos cada una diaria Artículo 11. Para gastos menores de la Guardia, sostenimiento de una luz y compra de tubos de utensilios, etc., etc. Artículo 12. Pesos. Cts. la admisión de alumnos en la misma, en la inteligencia disposición; pues así lo tengo acordado en mi concepto por mi parte, y a las concesiones que marca el citado Reglamento en los artículos que a continuación se copian: Art. 1? La Escuela profesional de Puerto Rico, en diligencia Hábana, 5 de Junio de 1887 - Manuel Franco. 3025 Para reparaciones, limpieza, enseres de todas clases, compra de muebles, de utensilios, etc., etc. Artículo 13. 395 28 comprenderá las enseñanzas necesarias para las siguientes profesiones: Agrimensores. Aparejadores. Maestros de obras. Peritos de comercio. 51 10 Maquinistas de vapor. Peritos industriales. Art. 2? También. En el mismo establecimiento, los estudios preparatorios para poder ingresar en las distintas enseñanzas de las urvas, como expresadas en el artículo anterior. Art. 32. Para ingresar en los estudios preparatorios deberán los aspirantes someterse previamente. Batallón Infantería de Cádiz número 2. Debiendo verificarse el día 20 del actual los exámenes de oposición para cubrir una plaza de músico de segunda clase y otra de tercera, que existen en este Batallón, se convoca por el presente a todos los que deseen tomar parte en dichos exámenes y aspiren a cubrir aquellas, cuyo acto tendrá lugar con las ejidas formalidades a las nueve de la mañana del individuo día en el Cuartel que ocupa el Batallón donde se gratificación al Depositario para libros, según orden de 17 de Julio de 1867. Artículo 14. Gratificación al Alcaide para papel, tinta, etc. Artículo 15. Imprevistos Total de gastos SECCIÓN 2? INGRESOS. Capítulo único. Artículo 1? Resultas de ejercicios cerrados Artículo 2? Producto que se calcula obtener durante el año de las piezas de distancia utilizables a tenor del artículo 138 del Reglamento por detenidos y presos satisfaciendo día riñas cada uno 25 centavos de peso. 75 24 bailará constituido el Tribunal competente. Entre los opositores que se presenten será preferente a exámenes de las materias de la Instrucción primaria río para La plaza de segunda clase el que más sobre- Superior y ser aprobados en ellas. salsa en el liscorno o Cornetín. Art 135. Para ser admitido como alumno en los Años 9 de Julio de 1887. El Comandante estudios preparatorios de la Escuela profesional se tiene presentado a la Secretaría de Educación y a la Secretaría de Educación. Establecimiento en que conste su nombre y apellido, igualmente el de sus padres, el lugar de su naturaleza, la edad y domicilio, con expresión de la carrera a que aspira. Ser aprobado en un exámen de las materias de la primera enseñanza Superior. Abonar los derechos de matricula correspondientes. Art. 144. En los primeros quince días de Septiembre se presentarán los alumnos a matricularse en la Secretaría. Art. 145. Ninguno podrá matricularse en un curso sin presentar certificación que acredite haber ganado 4000... el curso anterior o haber sufrido el examen de admisión. Art. 147. La matrícula es de siete pesos cincuenta y uno. PROVIDENCIAS JUDICIALES. Ocurrencia de la Junta de Catedral de esta Ciudad, Por este mi segundo edicto, llamo y emplazo a los procesados José y Juan Catalino, Rodríguez, vecinos de Vega-alta, para que en el término de nuevo días que al efecto se le señalan comparezcan en este Juzgado o en la Real Cárcel a estar a derecho en la causa que se les sigue por hurto; apercibidos de lo que hubiera lugar si no lo verifican. Puerto Rico, ochenta y siete. Tres de Julio de mil ochocientos Manuel Suares Taldes. El Escribano 150 Artículo 3? Re Art. 149. El exámen de admisión será requisito baño, Esteban Calderón. Obra de la señorita Calderón. Por este ' L I w i i Tí 1 '1 1 " a Puerto - Rico, cinco de Julio de mu ocüocientos i.r ívaAíi ocnenta v siete. Manuel Mares aiaes. iacu- xrtículo 4? Por lo que han de contribuir los cuatro pue blos del partido mediante reparto, según los artículos G? y 27 del Reglamento preguntando los examinadores dos horas p 11407 43 Suman los Suman los Total de ingresos. RES 0" M EX. ingreyos 11407 43 bailara abierta, ír:iern ...... ... X l 'tu i CD" " w " Mavainiez, 19 de Abril do 1887. El Vice presidente, redro Jos de Olaguíbel. El Societario de la Junta, Manuel H Balsac. Puerto--Rico, 8 de junio de 1887. Aprobado, Palacios. Es copia para publicar' en la Gaceta. Mayaí;üez, de Junio de 1887. El Secretario, Manuel Ú. Balsac. V? B? El Vice - presidente, Pedro José de Olaguíbel. 3517J ocho alumnos. Art. 153. Los exámenes de admisión han de veri ficarse urecisameute en la primera quincena de tíetiem- . ... , .- r i : .1 1. 7247 43 bre : pero las solicitudes comenzaran a aumuirse uebue 1? de Agosto. Art. 155. de examen dos pesos ciucuenta centavos Y lo hago público para conocimiento general; haciendo presente que la secretaría üe la locuela st 2i ios üues de este anuncio, todos lo dias ioborahles desde ias ocho á las once de la mañana v de una á tres de ia tarde. baño, Esteban Calderón. 3G40J OO.V .U.l.WIi JF. KOSSV, Juez.de lInilancta aectaeniat del SJiitrito de San I'rancisco de tn Ciudad. Al público hago saber: que en los autos ejecutivos Los aspirantes abonarán por derecho promovidos por el Procurador Tomás Caballero en Junta auxiliar de Cárcel de Cáguas, SECRETARIA. Declarado desierto el remate de alimentos a presos para el año económico de 1887-88, por no haber constituido la fianza definitiva, y que obtuvo la buena próxima en la subasta que se verificó al efecto; la Junta en sesión ordinaria celebrada hoy, acordó publicar nuevamente la subasta para el 12 de Julio próximo a las tres de la tarde, en la Sala de la Casa Consistorial; y si no pudiera tener efecto en el día y hora indicados, por falta de suficiente número de Vocales, se verificará al siguiente con los que concurran, en la propia forma que se deja dicha. El tipo fijado es el de diez y ocho contavos diarios por cada preso. La fianza provisional para optar al remate es la de cien pesos moneda corriente. El pliego de condiciones a que deben sujetarse los licitadores, se hall. A de manifiesto en esta Secretaría para los que gusten examinarlo. Cáguas, 30 de Junio de 1887. El Secretario, Fernando Arce. El Vice Presidente, P. Pastor. Ponce - Rico, 7 de Julio de 1883 - El secretario, Federico Asenlo. El Director, Atireliano representante; cantil contra Don Antonio Acha en cobro de pesos, se ha dispuesto por providencia de esta fecha, dicta la en la paz separatista sobre presentación de títulos relativa al expresado juicio ejecutivo, se saquen a pública subasta por termino de veinte días, los bienes embargados al deudor, los cuales con el precio de tasación son los que siguen Jiménez y tienen. 3ó23 Pesos. Escuela profesional de Puerto-Rico. En cumplimiento de lo que previene el artículo 154 del Reglamento se anuncia, la convocatoria para DON MANCHEL FRANCISCO, Capitán graduado de Teniente del primer Batallón del Regimiento Infantería de la Reina número 2 y llega más de la causa seguida de orden del Exemo. Sr Gobernador General Militar de esta plaza contra el reemplazo destinado a este Batallón José Miguel Incógnito; Incógnito por hacer faltado al acto de desembarque en esta Capital el día diez y seis de Julio de mil ochocientos ochocientos ochocientos y seis. Por la presente requisitoria llamo, cito y emplazo a José Miguel Incógnito, natural de Santiago, Parroquia de San Juan, Provincia de la Coruña, Distrito Militar de Galicia, hijo de desconocido y de Josefa, soltero, de treinta y seis años de edad, de oficio comerciante, cuyas senas personales son las siguientes: pelo negro, cejas iden, color bueno, freute regular, nariz regular, lujos reumáticos, barba regular, de un metro seiscientos milímetros de estatura, para que en el término de treinta. Días contados desde la publicación de esta requisitoria en la Gaceta y Boletín Oficial en la Isla de Puerto Rico, comunicó ante la Autoridad Militar y en su defecto Civil del punto donde residen para resnnderá los cargos que le resultan en la causa que de orden del Exemo. Sr. Gobernador General Militar de esta Plaza, se le sigue por motivo de haber faltado al acto de desembarque en la misma el día diez y seis de Enero de mil ochocientos ochocientos y seis; bajo apercibimiento de que si no comparece en el plazo de un día, será declarado rebelde parándole el perjuicio que ha vuelto a lugar. A su vía en nombre de S. M. el Rey (Q. D. G.), exhorto y requiero a todas las Autoridades tanto en el comité de Militares y de Policía judicial, para que practique el activo activo activo en busca del referido procesado José Miguel Incógnito, y en caso de ser habido, remiten en caso de presuentarse con las seguridades convenientes al Castillo del Príncipe de la Capital a mi Tres trozos de terrenos situados en el barrio de Sabana-hoyos, jurisdicción de la Villa de Areco, lugar denominado 4Í Asomame, más desintiado a pastos y malezas de ciencias veinte y siete cuerdas equivalentes a cuarenta y nueve hectáreas, noventa y una áreas, sesenta y una científica, lindante por el Norte con Dionisio González, sucesión de Ramón Nogueras, sucesión de Manuel Santiago Ponce y Reyes Colón, por el Sur con Don Alejandro Rappa, por el Este con Anacleto Colón, Don Francisco Colmenero, María Desidena, Román y Antonio de Santiago, y por el Oeste, con el expresado Don Antonio y Don Francisco Laurido, sobre cuyo terreno existe construida una casa de madera. Otro que es un martillo anejo al anterior de diez y ocho cuerdas, o sean siete hectáreas, siete áreas, cuarenta y siete centiareas, lindante por el Norte con Don Francisco Mariani, por el Sur con Don Francisco Mariani y Don Fernando Berenguer, y por el Oeste con Don Alejandro Rappa, y otro de noventa y dos cuerdas, o sean treinta y seis hectáreas, quince áreas, lindantes por el Norte con Laureano Riestra, Sur con Don Francisco Laurido, por el Este, Domingo González, Reyes Colón y Bastor del Vahe, y por el Oeste con la sesión de Juan Mercado; cuyos terrenos con las plantaciones que contienen, han sino tasados en cantidad de mitre mil trescientos pesos 9300. Se señala para el acto de la subasta el día veinte y siete de los corrientes y hora de las doce del tiempo, simultáneamente en este Juzgado de Sol J., y en el de la Villa de Arecibo; previniéndole que los títulos de la quedad que se encuentran de maniobrado en la Escribanía del actuario, en duda podrán ser examinados, debiendo con tur marse con El licitador; |
sn83045211_1918-06-29_1_9_1 | US-PD-Newspapers | Public Domain | Evening Public Ledger-Philadelphia, Saturday June 29, 1918 JUST GOSSIP ABOUT PEOPLE Nancy Wynne Talks of Show Club Tonight Various Other Matters Discussed SUSPECT that party out at the Huntingdon Valley Country Club tonight is going to be great, don't you? I love the things the men give themselves. Both the army and navy men have no end of talent, It seems to me, and when they set a chance to put it across the boards, I'm very glad to hear it. Well, anyway, you know they need about $20,000 to complete the recreation building which is now in progress for the sailors and marines at the Philadelphia Navy Yard. So tonight the affair given out at the Huntingdon Valley will be for that benefit. It's to be a vaudeville, and it's to start at 7 o'clock, I'm told, and it's under the auspices of the Huntingdon Valley Branch of the Women's Navy Auxiliary of the Red Cross. Don't you have to be long-breathed to speak the titles of things these days? They are so long you pretty nearly pass out before you get through saying them all in one breath. The vaudeville is to be called "An Evening with the Navy," and it will be held on the lawn of the country club, and that's one reason why it is to begin at 7:30. You see, because with the daylight saving the show can be given out of doors without artificial light up to nearly 9 o'clock. After the show, there will be dancing in the ballroom. Everyone who lives out on the Reading is interested, it seems to me, for I've heard about it from everyone I've met. All the younger girls are working to sell tickets, and the patronesses for the evening are Mrs. John Worrell Pepper, Mrs. Charles E. Brinley, Mrs. George H. Frazler, Mrs. John Gribbell, Mrs. J. Howard Gibson, Mrs. George P. Lasher, Mrs. J. Bertram Lippincott, Mrs. William S. Blight, Jr., and Mrs. John W. Brock. Mrs. John Nalbro Frazler, too, has a good deal to do with the preparations, I'm told. It's going to be fine, really. And the entire talent will be furnished by the marines and sailors now stationed at League Island. WITH the speaking of marines, my heart goes out in sympathy to Mr. and Mrs. Theodore Reath over the news of the death of 'Bob, who was fighting in France with the marines and was killed in action. Bobbie went into the marine corps early in the war; that is, since our entrance into the war, and has done some splendid work. He joined the marines because they would take him under twenty, the same time Syd Thayer joined. It's hard to remember just when different boys did enlist, but I am very sure that Bob was one of the first. His sister, Elsa Reath, was married late last fall, you remember, to Lieutenant Jack Appleton. She had been engaged to him a little more than a year. In fact, was the first girl in her debutante year to become engaged. Ted is a brother and so is Brannan, who married Maisle Morris, and there's a smaller brother who is very much younger. Bob's death came as a great shock, for after all, even though you know you will be apt to get such news from "over there" at any moment about those nearest and dearest to you, you always hope there's a fighting chance. And, as a matter of fact, there is always a fighting chance. Bobbie's name was Thomas Roberts Reath, but because his cousin was called Tom the family called him Bob. It is and must always be a consolation to his parents and family that he gave his life in a great and just cause, and that he did not give it in vain we know very well, for victory will be ours one day, though, alas, the flower of our American manhood must be crushed, I fear, many times before we finally gain it. The knowledge, however, that our boys have fought like men and heroes and that if they have died, they have died like men performing their duty, is a great thing. THERE is going to be another reception tonight for soldiers and sailors at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1300 Locust street. These affairs each Saturday night are very enjoyable and men in uniform are admitted without cards. I passed there last week when the fun was on and wished I was wearing a uniform myself, it sounded so delightful. CHARLIE wanted oh! so much to go out of doors. But then, you see, Charlie was only three years old and just had on his first white trousers, and it was drying and cold on the other side of the window. So when Charlie asked, "Mother, may I go out in the yard?" it was not surprising that mother should answer "No." It went on at intervals of two or three minutes. "Mother, mayn't I go out, please?" And "Please, mother, won't you let me go out just for a few, weeny little while?" Finally mother fixed him with a stern eye and said, "Charlie, if you don't stop bothering me, I'll throw you out of the window." There was utter silence for a moment, and then as mother came back to the room with some more stockings to mend, Charlie remarked, "If you throw me out of the window, mother, may I stay out a little while?" If perseverance wins the day that young man should be a winner. How about it? NANCY WYNNE. Social Activities Mr. and Mrs. Sidney W. Keith, of 226 South Twenty-first Street, are occupying their cottage at York Harbor, Me. Mrs. Robert Gilpin Ervin and her young son are spending the summer at Kettle Cove, Manchester. Captain Ervin, of the aviation section, United States army, is stationed in Texas. Mrs. Burton Price, of the St. James, has gone to York Harbor, Me., for the summer months. Mr. Longan M. Bullitt and Miss Jean Christian Bullitt will go on Monday to Cape May, where they will spend several months at the Windsor. Lieutenant Richard Stockton Bullitt, United States army, is at present in France. Mrs. Clement Reeves Wainwright and her children have gone to Ventnor for the summer. In Huntingdon Valley Country, Mrs. John C. Hirst, who will be remembered as Miss Marjorie Mann, will spend part of the summer with them. Mr. T. De Witt Cuyler is spending a few days in Bar Harbor, Me. Ensign and Mrs. Jamard Zeckwer are cruising on a houseboat for their wedding trip. They will go to Lewes, Del., next week. Mrs. Zeckwer will be remembered as Miss Agnes McDonogh. Dr. and Mrs. Charles Pottberg, of 2338 North Broad street, announce the engagement of their daughter, Miss Ellen E. Van Ness Pottberg, to Sergeant Alfred Ger Hempstead, son of Mr. and Mrs. Frank E. Hempstead, of Waterford, Conn. Sergeant Hempstead is serving in the medical department. Anarchist of the Fifty-fourth Engineers. Mr. and Mrs. Wilbur Stewart, of the Stoneleigh, will leave today for Atlantic City to spend the summer. Mr. and Mrs. John M. Robertson, of 813 North Forty-second street, announce the engagement of their daughter, Miss Jean F. Robertson, to Mr. Thomas W. Cronin, of Ardmore, Pa. The wedding will take place in the fall. Mrs. Lawrence C. Stryker, of 4304 Walnut Street, will leave today for Georgia, where her husband, who is in the service, is at present stationed. Before her marriage last February, Mrs. Stryker was Miss Augusta Graham, of 4304 Walnut Street. Mr. and Mrs. George M. Keeter, of 6029 Walnut Street, and their daughters, Miss Mildred Keeter and Miss Marin Keeter, will leave next Tuesday for their summer home in Chelsea, to remain during the warm months. The Delta Chapter of the Theta Alpha Theta Sorority will entertain the entire sorority at a garden party this afternoon from 4 until 6 o'clock at the home of Miss Allda M. Ott, 375 Green Lane, Roxborough. The lawn will be beautifully decorated and the receiving party will wear smocks of various colors and large garden hats. There will be dancing and cards, and refreshments served on the lawn. Those who will receive include Miss Edith A. Cassler, Miss Marjorie E. Lewis, Miss Margaret M. Chase, Miss Evelyn Pratt, Miss Allda M. Ott, Miss Marion W. Masland, Mrs. Harry Hartman, Miss Margaret Jackson, and Miss Grace B. Wingate. Mr. and Mrs. John C. Allen, Jr., of 3663 North Twenty-first Street, will leave shortly for Ocean City, where they will spend the summer. Mrs. Leonard Goulson, of 2107 West Ontario Street, will pass the summer months in Atlantic City. Mr. and Mrs. John C. Young, of Sumac Street, Washington, are entertaining their little granddaughter. Miss Edith Young Huttman, of City Point, Va. Mr. and Mrs. Horace Kleinsfelder, of Glen Ridge, left last week for Ocean City, where they will remain until autumn. Mr. and Mrs. Charles Green, of West Tioga Street, have gone to Atlantic City for the rest of the season. The marriage of Miss Mary Greenleaf, of 1940 North Twenty-second street, and Mr. Ellison H. Davis, of Woodbury, N.J., took place today at noon, followed by a reception for the two families Mr. and Mrs. Davis will spend the summer in Atlantic City and will be at home after September 1 in Woodbury, N.J. Canteens at White Sulphur Springs Visitors to West Virginia Resort Will Ham Out Refreshments to Troops Canteens will be established at White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, the first week in July and appetizing home-cooked food and light refreshments will be served to the troops as they pass through. Mrs. Thornton Lewis, whose son, Lieutenant Laurence Lewis, is now serving in France, will be at the head of the work, and Mr. George W. Stevens, Federal manager of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, has made arrangements to have the trains stop for fifteen-minute intervals. The war-savings stamp campaign is the subject of great interest at White Sulphur Springs this week, as an enthusiastic effort is being made to oversubscribe the allotment of $38750. A local committee is working to raise more than 100 pledges among the employees for $300 purchases of stamps, to be made before the end of December. The management has announced that for every certificate filled by the employees the twentieth stamp will be given as a Christmas gift. War-Savings Stamp Day was observed at White Sulphur Springs with patriotic exercises and addresses. Mr. and Mrs. George Howard Bruce, of Philadelphia, whose wedding took place. Place recently at Bordentown, Pa., have arrived at the Greenbrier to spend their honeymoon. Before her marriage, Mrs. Bruce was Miss Sarah S. Ridgway, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Caleb S. Ridgway, of Mount Pleasant Farm, Miss Marjorie B. Townsend, of Overbrook, Pa., and Miss Alice A. Scott, who have been at the Greenbrier since early in June, started for Philadelphia on Wednesday. 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JB,BBBBBBBBBBWmmmmggSgeimmmmmmmmr; fc,x , BBBBBBBBBBBBBBmT M mmmmmmmi 'BBBPlBBBBBBBBm BBBBBBBBbI BBBBBBBBBBBBBBWBmf mmmmammml ' V' S WmmmmmHBBBBim9&Bmm S,Vmmmmmi BBBBBBBBBmmmmmmmm bbbbbbbbbbbbbbI -'.".. mT , "M VjBJBjl9BVmaW!!smmmmH'' M1- mmmmmaHmBBBBBBfBBBBBBBBl - V vAjvBHv 'WmSSSmm mmmmH BBBBBBBBBBBHwjBVBWjBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBVxk 'jBmBBBBBBBBBBBBjBBWjBKmBWjWlBBBBBKf&S&S A.SSSSSSB ''"HBmHBBHHBBBBlBBBnHBiBBBlRSynDtjV '"' ffffKmKmmiKKfSfftf'M 9H K?ns2BmsmVBmBHBmmmVmmVI The bridegroom and bride are Dr. and Eleanor Derr Slinglufl, daughter of Mr. SHOWS WARTIME COOKING State College Expert Demonstrates in City Hall Courtyard Miss Helen Rogers, of the faculty of State College, conducted demonstrations of war cooking twice yesterday In the Information booth of the City Hall courtyard. The lesson eery Friday morning and afternoon, given free, to women of Philadelphia on wnr foods. Is devoted to canning and drying of fruits and egetables. Eery Tuesday morning and afternoon the subject Is "Whcatlesa Breads " With a display of canned foods made at home to illustrate points In her lecture and with egetables In course of prepaiatlon for other cans and Jars on a hot stoe. Miss Rogers answered questions of the circle ot students who brought her their perplexing problems. String beans were prepared, from the preliminary cleansing and removed of strings, through the blanching process of hot water followed by a plunge into cold water, through the intermittent steps to their entrance into glass-topped jars. Caning beans was shown to be a simple process, but one that may, if carelessly done, result in spoiled jars. One housekeeper brought the question of flat sour beans, which she stated she had found in two of a collection of forty jars, prepared from her own garden. The greatest care must be taken. Miss Rogers said, in selecting only fresh, perfect fruit or vegetables. A few spoiled ones might have caused the loss of a whole can. Imperfect sterilization or defective jars might also cause the loss of fruit or vegetables by decay. That methods and length of time in cooking may vary with the kinds of vegetables or fruits was demonstrated in the preparation of several varieties. MORE DRASTIC PLANS FOR SAVING OF SUGAR Headquarters to Be Opened Here on Monday Firms Must Report by July 15 In consideration of the fact that more than 26,000 commercial users of sugar must file reports of sugar on hand and obtain certificates before they can purchase other supplies, "sugar headquarters" will be opened in the Pomeranian Building, on Fifteenth street, between Market and Chestnut streets, Monday. Candymakers, canners, restaurants, hotels, hospitals, ice cream manufacturers and soda fountain proprietors must file their reports before July 16 or lose their chance to buy sugar till after next January or possibly be canned from getting it for the duration of the war. . J. E. Bacon will be in charge of the new headquarters. He will be assisted during the next two weeks by Edward T. James, of the Corn Exchange National Bank, and more than fifty school teachers who have volunteered their services. The visible commercial supply of sugar at this time is said to be 56.6 percent of the supply one year ago, and the most serious shortage has come since the first of the year. It is estimated that 1,600,000 tons must supply the nation for the next six months and that is why the ration of three pounds a month for each person has been established. Individuals or firms can purchase sugar hereafter only by certificate and this certificate must be obtained from the food administration office. Householders may purchase no more than two pounds at one time for home consumption, or twenty-five pounds if they want to use it in canning. The local investigators are busy watching for boarders and other violators of the sugar rules. Any person having more than thirty days' supply in the house, and any firm possessing more than three months' supply on hand, will be considered boarders. Baby Clinics Popular Mothers Take Advantage of Meetings at Children's Homeopathic Hospital Thirty-six healthy babies, cooing or scolding in sleepy fashion were brought by as many mothers to the Children's Homeopathic Hospital, Franklin and Thompson streets, yesterday afternoon for attendance on the weekly baby clinic. Advice as to the feeding and care of infants is given at the clinics. The young babies are examined by the visiting physician and their mothers advised as to their needs. . William B. Griggs, visiting physician at the hospital, was present to examine the small sisters and talk with the mothers, "Milk" was the topic of the day, Doctor Griggs says too much care in the preparation of this necessary element of baby diet cannot be taken and urges the mother not only to feed milk but to keep it free of germs, cool and sweet. The clinic is not only restoring health to sick babies but safeguarding the well against the inroads of disease. Mothers who attended the clinic yesterday solved problems of diet of dressing and of discipline that have been discussed. Mrs. Frederick D. Little, the little page, is Louis Burns and the little flower girl is Mary Virginia Derr. Mrs. Little was Miss and Mrs. William H. Slingluff, of Norristown. The wedding took place on June 19. The protographs are by J. Mitchell Elliot. BIBLE SCHOOLS OPEN MONDAY FOR SUMMER Vacation Classes to Be Conducted by Presbyterian Evangelistic Committee Forty-three teachers have been engaged to instruct classes in the daily vacation Bible schools, which will be opened at various locations throughout the city Monday morning, under the direction of the Presbyterian summer evangelistic committee. Morning and afternoon classes will be held in connection with evangelistic tent services to be conducted for several weeks at Catharine and Felton streets. The location of fourteen of these schools and the teaching personnel will be as follows: Grace Presbyterian Church, Twenty-second and Federal streets, the Rev. H. X. Taxis, Miss Mary R. Johnston and Miss Agnes I. Kramer; First Italian Church, Tenth and Kimball streets, Mrs. Anna Magarvey Parkes. Frank Grifton and Mrs. Anna T. Perkins; First African Church, Seventeenth and Flaxwater streets, Mrs. Charles S. Freeman, Miss Blanche Baylor and Miss Hattie Savoy; tent, Catherine and Felton streets, Howard W. McKinley, Mrs. Elizabeth Steel and Miss Sara Hartman; Palethorp Memorial Church, Second and Clearfield streets, Miss Rachel Robinson, Miss Mary Stewart and Miss Sadie Crooks; Ontario and H Streets Church, Ontario and H Streets, Miss V. D. Lloyd, Miss Elizabeth E. Barlow and Miss Florence Brooks; Magyar Church, Franklin and Thompson streets, the Rev. John Azary, Bella Adorljam and Miss Margaret Pataky; Robert Graham Memorial Church, Twenty-fifth and Thompson streets, Miss Grace V. N. Smith, Miss A. Edna Winston and Miss Florence M. Fessler; East Park Church, Twenty-fifth street and Indiana avenue, the Rev. Howard C. Cooper, Miss Rachel I. McIlwain and Mrs. Albert Lilly; Mizpah Church, Eighth and Wolf streets, the Rev. William McClung and Miss Mary C. Lanard; Beth Eden Mission, Newmarket and Brown streets, Mrs. Hope B. Fawl, Miss Rhoda I Crawford and Miss Nellie Branson; Second Italian Church, Sixty-fourth street and Westminster avenue, Miss Elizabeth D. MacDowell, Miss Frances W. Shaw and Miss Helen N. McKain; Boys' Club, Pulaski and Coulter streets, Germantown, Miss Helen L. Snowden, Mrs. Esther Brown Hutchinson, Miss Viola Harris. and William T. Coleman; Susquehanna Avenue Church, Marshall Street and Susquehanna Avenue. Miss Miriam E. Gejst, Miss Clara Turner and Miss Madeline Kirkman. OUTDOOR CARNIVAL TODAY Hunting Park Branch of Emergency Aid Will Have Benefit for Relief Work A large outdoor carnival will be held this afternoon and evening at York and Lycoming streets, for the benefit of the war-relief fund of the Hunting Park branch of the Emergency Aid. The branch has only recently been organized. Mrs. Fred Mayer is chairman of the organization. The carnival will have a cafeteria, fish pond, grocery store, automobile rides, dancing, fortune-telling and all sorts of carnival features. The committees are as follows: Cafeteria, Mrs. M. Martin, Mrs. A. R. Kukle, Mrs. E. Kukle, Mrs. H. C. Grandy and Mrs. A. R. Watson; candy, Mrs. J. Newheart, Mrs. Henry Handwork and Mrs. S. Beldermiller; cake, Mrs. R. Gerker, Mrs. William Cooper and Mrs. S. Rosecroft; soft drinks, Mrs. O. H. McDowell and Mrs. Fullmelster; fish pond, Mrs. C. Bradley and Mrs. I. K. Mathes; groceries, Mrs. Henry Wagner and Mrs. C. Osbourne; cigarettes and smoke trays, Mrs. John Watt and Mrs. Paris. TO OPEN TENT SERVICES Presbyterians Begin Summer Meetings Tomorrow A series of evangelistic meetings will be Instituted tomorrow under the auspices of the Presbyterian summer evangelistic committee in a large tent erected for the purpose at Catharine and Felton streets. The Rev. Thomas Houston, known as the blessed evangelist, will be in charge of the meetings for the First week. He will be assisted by a chorus choir and a corps of volunteer workers from the community, who have been conducting preliminary prayer meetings in the homes of the neighborhood. Patriotic Rally in Roxborough Preparations are being made to entertain 6000 guests at the great patriotic celebration of the Twelfth district Patriotic Order Sons of America this evening in Gorgas Park, Rox borough. The Pollco Band will furnish the music and lead the community singing. Mr. Hiram Wynne, past district president; will be the chairman. Addresses will be made by Mr. James K. Heaps, of Baltimore, Md national president of the order; Mr. Gabriel H. Moyer, State president, and Mr. Charles Brum Helms, State secretary. There will be a basket picnic in the afternoon and the WAR WORK FOR NEGRO WOMEN Unit Will Act With Committee of National Defense Mrs. Bowman Leaf, of Philadelphia, has been appointed chairman of a unit of negro women, who will act as a co-ordinate branch of the woman's committee of the Pennsylvania division, Council of National Defense. She will at once effect organization among women of the negro race, who have indicated a desire to serve and are eager to have definite war tasks under the supervision of the council. Mrs. S. W. Leighton, a leader of her race, will act as vice chairman. Mrs. Leighton Is a leading factor in the Association for the Protection of Colored Women, which has a membership and allied force of 100,000. In a letter in which she accepted the ice chairmanship of the negro women's unit, Mrs. Leighton wrote to Mrs. J. Willis Martin, State chairman of the woman's committee. Council of National Defense, that the negro women are anxious to Be of service in the national crisis. She further asked to be put on record as wishing to see her race called upon for service of every kind. They belong to a group of unquestioned patriots, she said, and they beg the council to give them something to do. LAWN FETE-TODAY IN DARBY Bazaar Will Aid Funds of Local Branch of Needlework Guild A lawn fete and bazaar will be given this afternoon and evening on the grounds of Mr. W. Lane Verlenden, Main street and Ridge avenue. Darby. The proceeds are for the benefit of the Darby branches of the Needlework Guild of America, which is doing work for the Red Cross and for the Navy League, which has been supplying the sailors with knitted garments. Mrs. Morgan Bunting is president of the Needlework Guild and Mrs. Albert F. Tansley is president of the Navy League. They will be assisted by the members of both branches. There will be an entertainment, music, dancing and booths for the sale of fancy articles and homemade bread and cakes. There will also be booths with exhibitions of the work being done by both branches and one showing the work for the refugees, which the Needlework Guild will take up this winter, which is now being done by the Friends. It is expected that the sailors' band from League Island will furnish the music. LARGE FETE TODAY FOR BLUE CROSS SOCIETY Many Interesting Features During Afternoon and Evening, Dog Show and Military Drills The large fete to be given for the benefit of the Blue Cross Society will take place this afternoon and evening on the country estate of Mrs. Clifford Jones at Wynnwood, beginning at 2 o'clock. Mrs. William Albert Wood is executive chairman of the fete and Mrs. Jones is chairman of the Wynnewood unit of the Blue Cross. More than a hundred aides will take part in this affair, which has been arranged on a very elaborate scale. The flower girls will be dressed to represent the flowers they will sell and the aides who sell cigars and cigarettes will dress as Arabian cigarette vendors. A special feature will be the all-breed dog show, for which many prizes have been donated. The judging will begin promptly at 3 o'clock, and at the conclusion of the show a handsome pedigreed Airedale puppy will be auctioned off. The Midway will be most attractive, with shooting galleries, miniature automobile rides, horseback rides, and a hurdy-gurdy man with a monkey. Miss Mary Sloan Taylor, as Little Bo Peep and Her Lost Sheep, will have charge of the magic haymound, where there will be about twenty-five sheep. Music for dancing on the lawn will be provided by the Jazz band from the Naval Radio School. There will be military drills by 300 sailors from the navy yard and the British recruiting mission, under the direction of Captain Latham and Lieutenant Skidmore, will give exhibition drills. The Main Line home guards will also drill and a very interesting exhibition will be that of the work of a number of hospital police dogs. ENTERTAINMENT FOR SAILORS. Evening of French Music at Ship and Tent Club An "Evening of French Music" will be the feature at the sailors' Sunday entertainment tomorrow evening at 8 o'clock at the Ship and Tent Club, Twenty-third and Christian streets. More than fifty soldiers and sailors, who are expected to attend, will sing the "Marseillaise." French musicians and soloists will participate in the program, which has been arranged by the Rev. Dr. T. D. Malan, rector of the French Church of St. Svreur. The service, which will be under the general direction of the Rev. Dr. George Herbert Tooii, rector of the Church of St. Svreur. SMART WEDDING IN ST. ASAPH'S CHURCH Sarah A. Baker Bride Mr. John C. Bell, Jr., Today of ISS The marriage of Miss Sarah Andrews Baker, daughter of the late Mr. Louis C. Baker and Mrs. Baker, of Bala, and Mr. John C. Bell, Jr., son of Mrs. John C. Bell and the late Mrs. Bell, will take place today in St. Asaph's Church, Bala. The ceremony will be performed by the Rev. Harrison B. Wright, rector of the church. Miss Baker will be given in marriage by her uncle and will be attended by her sister, Miss Sophie Stevens Conover Baker, as maid of honor, and the bridesmaids will include Mrs. Johns Hopkins and Miss Eleanor Deans, of Phoenixville. Little Miss Eleanor Moss and Miss Caroline Hoopes will be flower girls. Mr. Bell will June his father, Mr. John C. Bell, as best man. and the ushers will include Mr. Alfred Thornton Baker, Jr., Lieutenant Ethan Allen A. Shipley, who is engaged to Miss Sophie Baker; Captain John B. Thayer, 3d, and Captain Barclay McFadden. A small breakfast for the immediate families and intimate friends will follow the ceremony. TAYLOR MAYNARD The wedding of Miss Pauline Maynard, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Edward J. Maynard, Jr., of Knoxville, Tenn., and Lieutenant William J. Taylor, Jr., U. S. A., will take place at 6 o'clock at the home of the bride's aunt, Miss Mary Vanuxem, in Chestnut Hill. The bride will be attended by her sister, Miss Elizabeth P. Maynard, and Miss Elizabeth S. Madden, also of Knoxville, as maids of honor, and the bridesmaids will be Miss Edith Harvey and Miss Eleanor B. Atkins, of Knoxville; Miss Mary C. Hebard, Miss Patty Borle and Miss Marian Taylor, sister of the bridegroom. The best man will be Mr. Francis Taylor, brother of the bridegroom. The ceremony will be performed by the Rev. Edward D. Tibbets, of Hoosick, N. Y. Potter Wear and William E. Goodman will be the ribbon-bearers. MOORE THOMSON The marriage of Miss Edith Iva Thomson, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. William Rogers Thomson, of 2211 North Thirteenth street, and Mr. Dorss Moore, son of Congressman J. Hampton Moore and Mrs. Moore, will take place tonight at 8 o'clock in the Church of the Messiah, Broad street and Montgomery avenue. The ceremony will be performed by the Rev. Edwin E. Sweetser, D. D., rector of the church. The bride, who will be given in marriage by her father, will be attended by her. Sister-in-law, Mrs. John Sidney Thomson, as matron of honor, and the bridesmaids will be Miss Severna Moore and Miss Julia Moore, sisters of the bridegroom; Miss Helen Ohlmstead and Miss Florence Collins. The best man will be Mr. John S. Thomson and the ushers will be Mr. John Thomson, Mr. Clarence Taylor, Mr. Laurence McCoy and Mr. Sterling Wilcox. The bride will wear a gown of white lace over white. The bride's gown will be of lace. She will carry a valise, white roses. The maid will wear pale georgette crepe with a white hat, and will carry pink roses. The bridesmaids will wear pale georgette crepe with white hats, and will carry pink roses. The wedding will be followed by a reception for the two families and a few intimate friends at the home of the bride's parents, Mr. and Mrs. Moore, Mr. Moore will leave for an extended trip north and will be at home October 1 at Sharon Hill, Pa. RILE SWEETEN The marriage of Miss Pauline Bwe daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Frank D. Sn of 817 Clapler street, Germantown, and Li1$i tenant w. Mitchell Rile, of Washington,' m C, will take place this evening at 7 o'cloe, in Calvary Protestant Episcopal ChuroftV" Germantown The ceremony will be per formed by the Ilev. Franklin Smedley, rv' w m ' teaMaWM 3B retime tesN iHjIL'jAJJll Ml . M . - ' US- XT' tor ot tne cnurcn. Tne bride, who will-, ' -n , given in marriage by her father, will bt'M tended by Mrs. E. C. Sweeten as matron) Honor, nnd by Miss Helen Moore, of Br lyn; Miss Helen Pedrlck, of Cynwyd; Genevieve Vandegrlft and Miss Laura, as bridesmaids. The best man will be tenant A. Dlsston Rile, brother of the br groom, .and the ushers will be LleutensmCV iieorge a. ADcrie, Mr. Earl Cookman, mr. dwaaa mMi Walter Allison and Mr. Earle Sweeten. -A'i-f ' The bride will wear a gown of white efM3' gette crepe with a tulle veil held with orainVj' blossoms. Her bouquet will be of .lilies ofUf4''if alley and orchids. The matron of honor wlM ft'' wear pink georgette crepe nnd a leghorn kWtf '$ with a black velvet crown and will carrniyi a September morn roses and larkspur. TheS 'M bridesmaids will wear pink georgette crepefe- " rp frocks with wide nlnk sashes and hats lllMifr-'.V'.: that of the matron of honor. They will cartrij Ophelia roses nnd larkspur. "-""pHf-t The wedding will be followed by a mUM&l! reception at the home of the bride. Lie!yLj gg j leimni ana airs. Hue win live in vasnington.'-a WILSON CORNMAK An interesting weddlne: will take nlaca thltf evening In the Roxborough Baptist Chureh. In the midst of the bustling city, Mr. and Mrs. Frank W. Pornman of K8SV' m Monastery Avenue, Hoxborough, will be married to Mr. Roland Willson at Saratoga, at 6 o'clock, by the pastor, the Rev. Johnson Miner. The bride will wear a white beaded georgette crepe over satin, a veil of tulle caught with orange blossoms and will carry a shower of roses, lilies of the valley and sweet peas. Mr. Cornman will give his daughter in marriage and Miss Emma Maxwell will be maid of honor. Her frock is of pink-beaded georgette crepe trimmed with pink ostrich feathers. Pink roses and snapdragons will be combined in her bouquet. The bridesmaids will be Miss Lois Anderson and Miss Katharine Wilson, the bridegroom's sister. Miss Jean Fox will be the flower girl. Herbert Brown, of Swarthmore, will be best man, and the ushers will be Mr. John McKernan, Mr. Lester Blankin, Jr., and Mr. AVIlson. The reception will be held at the home of the bride's parents, Mr. Allison and his bride, and will be at home after October 1 at 6:30 De Lancey place, West Philadelphia. ALBRIGHT BROWNLOW, A quiet military wedding was solemnized. This morning in Christ Church, Germantown, Mr. and Mrs. Charles V. Browning of Jerome Street, were married to Mr. Karl and Dr. Daugherty, of Jerome Street. The bride wore a gown of navy blue and georgette crepe with a hat to match and she carried a military bouquet of white and blue flowers. Mr. Browning, his daughter in marriage and her sister, Ezmee Browning, was her only attendant. Lieutenant John Charles Browning, of Jerome Street, was the best man. The service was followed by a breakfast for the families at the home of the bride's parents. Upon their return from their honeymoon, Mr. and Mrs. Albright will live in Jerome Street, and will be at home on July 30. The wedding of Miss Mabel, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Henry C. Grath, of 1830 North Twenty-sixth Street, and Mr. George D. Collar, Jr., of 2241, East Twenty-second Street, will take place at the Matthew's Church, on Eighteenth Street and Girard Avenue. The ceremony will be performed by the Rev. Peck and will be followed by a dinner for the families at the home of the bride. Parents, Mr. Collar and his bride will be at an extended trip and will be at after September 15 at 1830 North Twenty-sixth street. GOEBEL HORLANDER An Interesting wedding of the week that of Miss Mary E. Horlander; daughter of Mrs. Mary Louts Horlander, and Mr. Goebel. 3d. of 1801 West Columbia which took place on Thursday at noon's: rectory or the Memorial Church of vocate. Eighteenth and Diamond streetav "1 itev. nenry juariyn jueaary penonaai ceremony. The bride wore a gown, of V georgette crepe overlsaun, witn a I crepe hat, and carried a shower of Br and lilies of the valley. She was, I marriage by her brother, Mr. FrcderMU lander, or Germantown, ana was by Miss Margaret Goebcl. the br sister, who wore a frock of pink's crepe over silk. Her hat waa of pip. gette and she carried a shower of'piajj v. ..., ;? OIUi..'VAn .VAUEilJ tff ; Miss Louise Nagel, daughter of. line Nagel, of Roxborough, and Mr.. H. Brennan, or Tioga, were Wednesday morning and the cer followed by a breakfast at the futvi of the couple, 3121 North Broad bride wore a gown of white geor and net over satin, a veil of tulle fa a bandeau of pearls, and carrie4a-j of white roses and sweet peas. anf tended by her Bister. Miss Mary N wore a white georgette crepe f reek j nlnlc sash a nlnk reorrette tint na , pink roses. , SJ The best man was Mr. Julius (Mali bridegroom and bride, after a ahart'l be at home after July 10. LAWN FETE THIS E Odd Fellows' Home Will Be' tival Tonight on Lawn ef The large lawn of the OdtW Tioga and Seventeenth, ,'strseta, strung 'with red,,whlte !;. bulbs and decorated with the, I blem and its colors, 'for the festival which, will be held" aid of the home. Thtre'.wtM uanu, aisu m suing pmtiv, Mlkfll muntty singing. Bach a ,vv.. titles tne noiaer to a j coffee, and tee cream. y fancy articles will ben-tor In charge of Mra. Sarah by Mrs. William' Birat: Mr Mrs. Charles 8hotwW.) Charles W, . J Shaw, Mrs, .QeerffelK.' vernier, Mrs. uiawroa of these matrom. ami , as 'aides. J , 'n.V! What's MsaletMl. dale. Han mitud m r sac cauxw .ratrsiM Ma,nstoa,, :- -! Man- '& vtariw ire.y; . M evMMcHstai.wm tj o'e9.. mmmi a m&iw,v , .,!sj it ..'tm&j ,,'tw ' "fc . , r-. ..f a m - -. .tm(-'f.vx&L"i s.x, :W" ''.? .'--BBBfe, - l; MqwMmnsn- pr. -v&. |
CBS_EXT:CBS394806403_1 | Dutch-PD | Public Domain | Tabel 1. Met goed gevolg afgelegde academische examens (vervolg) 4 1973/'74 1974/'75 Totaal Mannen Vrouwen Totaal Mannen Vrouwen Biologie (incl. Wageningen) Propedeutisch (Wageningen) Kandidaats Doctoraal 29 453 263 21 310 194 8 143 69 31 470 277 25 330 200 6 140 77 Natuurkundige aardrijkskunde Kandidaats Doctoraal 21 19 15 16 6 3 40 24 32 21 8 3 Oecologische prehistorie Doctoraal 1 1 Technische wetenschappen Algemene propedeuse (Enschede) Propedeutisch Wiskunde Civiele techniek (weg- en waterbouwkunde) Geodesie (incl. mijnmeetkunde) Bouwkunde Industriële vormgeving Werktuigbouwkunde Bedrijfskunde Elektrotechniek Scheikundige technologie Mijnbouwkunde Technische natuurkunde Scheepsbouw- en scheepvaartkunde (scheepsbouwkunde) Luchtvaart- en ruimtevaarttechniek (vliegtuigbouwkunde) Metaalkunde 211 1 671 121 -189 12 283 38 233 68 348 144 19 138 11 58 9 208 1 596 104 188 11 251 30 233 67 345 134 19 136 11 58 9 3 75 17 1 1 32 8 1 3 10 2 1 540 114 251 12 259 31 205 73 323 70 15 131 6 39 11 1 470 105 251 11 223 25 205 72 319 60 15 128 6 39 11 70 9 1 36 6 1 4 10 3 Kandidaats Wiskunde Civiele techniek (weg- en waterbouwkunde) Geodesie (incl. mijnmeetkunde) Bouwkunde Industriële vormgeving Werktuigbouwkunde Bedrijfskunde Elektrotechniek Scheikundige technologie Mijnbouwkunde Technische natuurkunde Scheepsbouw- en scheepvaartkunde (scheepsbouwkunde) Luchtvaart- en ruimtevaarttechniek (vliegtuigbouwkunde) Metaalkunde 1 393 72 223 6 223 14 149 78 254 212 19 98 7 29 9 1 371 67 223 6 214 14 149 78 254 205 19 97 7 29 9 22 5 9 7 1 1 475 68 236 6 321 21 164 60 251 150 16 128 11 32 11 1 436 64 236 5 296 20 164 60 248 147 16 126 11 32 11 39 4 1 25 1 3 3 2 Baccalaureaats (Enschede) Wiskunde (toegepaste) Werktuigbouwkunde Elektrotechniek Scheikundige technologie Technische natuurkunde 213 38 53 53 50 19 210 36 53 53 49 19 3 2 1 248 41 72 57 53 25 234 37 72 57 44 24 14 4 9 1 Ingenieurs 6 ) Wiskunde Civiele techniek (weg- en waterbouwkunde) Geodesie (incl. mijnmeetkunde) Bouwkunde Industriële vormgeving Werktuigbouwkunde Bedrijfskunde Elektrotechniek Scheikundige technologie Mijnbouwkunde Technische natuurkunde Scheepsbouw- en scheepvaartkunde (scheepsbouwkunde) Luchtvaart-en ruimtevaarttechniek (vliegtuigbouwkunde) Metaalkunde 1 446 (17) 71 244 10 146 11 263 72 227 204 (11) 14 108 (6) 15 51 10 1 430 (17) 70 244 10 136 10 263 72 227 201 (11) 14 108 (6) 14 51 10 16 1 10 1 3 1 1 526 (23) 73 226 9 226 12 218 85 237 220 (17) 21 134 (6) 14 44 7 1 503 (23) 73 225 8 210 12 218 85 237 217 (17) 21 133 (6) 13 44 7 23 1 1 16 3 1 12 3. Het aantal afgestudeerden was het grootst bij de maatschappijwetenschappen nl. bijna 4 100. Bij de exacte wetenschappen bedroeg het aantal ruim 3 100, bij de medische wetenschappen 1950 en bij godgeleerdheid, letteren en wijsbegeerte samen 750. 4. Van de grotere studierichtingen gaven de pedagogische en andragogische wetenschappen en psychologie de sterkste toename te zien, resp. 20% en 17%. Een stijging van meer dan 10% vertoonden voorts landbouwwetenschappen, geneeskunde en sociaal-culturele wetenschappen. Bij de economische wetenschappen was sprake van een daling van het aantal afgestudeerden met 16%. 5. Het percentage vrouwelijke afgestudeerden nam toe van 16,2% naar 17,4%. 6. Het aantal gepromoveerden bedroeg in 1974/75 720. Tabel 1. Met goed gevolg afgelegde academische examens 1973/'74 1974/'75 Totaal Mannen Vrouwen Totaal Mannen Vrouwen TOTAAL Propedeutisch Kandidaats Doctoraal medische wetenschappen Afsluitend examen Doctoraal godgeleerdheid Post-doctoraal economische wetenschappen 3 128 12 053 1 773 9 430 69 71 2 877 9 291 1 395 7 900 59 71 251 2 762 378 1 530 10 2 867 12 614 1 926 9 613 79 90 2 586 9 507 1 513 8 187 65 90 281 3 107 413 1 726 14 GODGELEERDHEID Katholieke Universiteit te Nijmegen Kandidaats, baccalaureaats en licentiaats Doctoraal en laureaats 14 47 13 43 1 4 17 29 17 27 2 Overige universiteiten (predikantsopleiding) Propedeutisch Kandidaats Doctoraal 151 133 69 120 119 59 31 14 10 160 150 79 126 124 65 34 26 14 LETTEREN (excl. geschiedenis) Kandidaats Doctoraal 738 518 371 293 367 225 899 544 447 296 452 248 Klassieke taal en letterkunde Kandidaats Doctoraal 29 29 17 21 12 8 18 35 10 25 8 10 Nederlandse taal en letterkunde Kandidaats Doctoraal 270 91 168 63 102 28 328 118 183 83 145 35 Romaanse taal en letterkunde, Frans Kandidaats Doctoraal 84 77 24 37 60 40 88 82 27 33 61 49 Germaanse taal en letterkunde, Engels Kandidaats Doctoraal 140 89 59 46 81 43 177 78 95 39 82 39 Germaanse taal en letterkunde, Duits Kandidaats Doctoraal 65 33 44 21 21 12 81 42 56 27 25 15 Overige studierichtingen Kandidaats Romaanse taal en letterkunde, Spaans Romaanse taal en letterkunde, Italiaans Skandinavische taal en letterkunde Slavische taal en letterkunde Semitische taal en letterkunde Indische en Iraanse talen en culturen Indonesische taal en letterkunde Chinese en Japanse taal en letterkunde Egyptische taal en letterkunde Arabische, Nieuwperzische en Turkse taal en letterkunde Kunstgeschiedenis en archeologie Muziekwetenschappen Andere 150 37 5 3 26 7 5 3 1 3 4 40 13 3 59 6 1 10 4 4 2 1 2 2 19 7 1 91 31 4 3 16 3 1 1 1 2 21 6 2 207 60 17 6 26 7 6 2 5 2 2 64 10 76 11 2 7 7 3 1 5 2 2 30 6 131 49 15 6 19 3 1 34 4 Table 1. Met goed gevolg afgelegde academische examens (vervolg) 3 1973/'74 1974/'75 Totaal Mannen Vrouwen Totaal Mannen Vrouwen Doctoraal Romaanse taal en letterkunde, Spaans Romaanse taal en letterkunde, Italiaans Romaanse taal en letterkunde, Portugees Skandinavische taal en letterkunde Slavische taal en letterkunde Semitische taal en letterkunde Indische en Iraanse talen en culturen Indonesische taal en letterkunde Chinese en Japanse taal en letterkunde Egyptische taal en letterkunde Arabische, Nieuwperzische en Turkse taal en letterkunde Kunstgeschiedenis en archeologie Muziekwetenschappen Theaterwetenschappen Algemene taalwetenschap Algemene literatuurwetenschap Andere 199 17 9 1 5 18 3 2 5 4 51 10 8 45 12 9 105 6 2 1 8 3 1 4 4 24 5 5 27 9 6 94 11 7 1 4 10 1 1 27 5 3 18 3 3 189 14 6 2 12 2 9 1 3 1 59 7 16 35 9 13 89 2 1 5 1 6 1 3 27 5 5 22 5 6 100 12 5 2 7 1 3 1 32 2 11 13 4 7 MEDISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN Kandidaats Doctoraal Afsluitend examen 2 274 1 773 1 774 1 689 1 395 1 453 585 378 321 2 239 1 926 1 953 1 682 1 513 1 569 557 413 384 Geneeskunde Kandidaats Doctoraal Arts w.o. Artsen nieuwe stijl (basisarts) 4 1 745 1 185 1 303 1 271 907 1 041 474 278 262 1 419 1 399 1 461 773 1 028 1 068 1 134 605 391 331 327 168 Tandheelkunde Kandidaats Doctoraal Tandarts 294 211 237 257 183 216 37 28 21 427 250 224 366 232 201 61 18 23 Farmacie Kandidaats Doctoraal Apotheker 122 140 101 77 113 80 45 27 21 194 126 120 138 95 102 56 31 18 Diergeneeskunde Kandidaats Doctoraal Dierenarts 113 237 133 84 192 116 29 45 17 199 151 148 150 118 132 49 33 16 EXACTE WETENSCHAPPEN Propedeutisch Kandidaats Baccalaureaats Doctoraal of ingenieurs 2 358 3 164 214 2 801 2 166 2 837 211 2 601 192 327 3 200 2 038 3 282 248 2 886 1 826 2 919 234 2 677 212 363 14 209 Wiskunde en natuurwetenschappen 5 Propedeutisch Kandidaats Baccalaureaats Doctoraal 29 1 427 1 1 065 21 1 188 1 923 8 239 142 31 1 444 1 024 25 1 208 893 6 236 131 Wiskunde, sterrenkunde, natuurkunde en scheikunde Baccalaureaats scheikunde (G.U. Amsterdam) Kandidaats Wiskunde Sterrenkunde Natuurkunde Scheikunde Doctoraal Wiskunde Sterrenkunde Natuurkunde Scheikunde 1 898 169 11 243 475 727 119 15 174 419 1 812 152 11 230 419 659 109 14 166 370 86 17 13 56 68 10 1 8 49 857 201 7 208 441 676 115 12 150 399 771 178 7 193 393 628 108 11 145 364 86 23 15 48 48 7 1 5 35 Geologie Kandidaats Doctoraal 55 53 51 51 4 2 77 41 75 38 2 3 Geofysica, doctoraal 3 3 Tabel 1. Met goed gevolg afgelegde academische examens (vervolg) 5 1973/'74 1974/'75 Totaal Mannen Vrouwen Totaal Mannen Vrouwen Landbouwwetenschappen (excl. Biologie Propedeutisch Natuurwetenschappen Natuur-maatschappijwetenschappen 447 312 135 341 245 96 106 67 39 467 344 123 331 257 74 136 87 49 Kandidaats Natuurwetenschappelijke richting Landbouwplantenteelt Tropische plantenteelt Tuinbouwplantenteelt Plantenveredeling Planteziektenkunde Bosbouw Zootechniek Cultuurtechniek-B Tropische cultuurtechniek Landbouwtechniek Bodemkunde en bemestingsleer Voeding Levensmiddelentechnologie Milieuhygiëne Moleculaire wetenschappen 344 259 2 4 5 17 21 19 30 17 29 16 10 19 22 38 10 278 219 2 3 5 15 16 15 30 15 27 16 10 8 17 31 9 66 40 1 2 5 4 2 2 11 5 7 1 363 257 4 9 7 10 21 20 31 24 24 10 11 20 18 40 8 275 203 4 8 6 8 12 16 24 23 22 10 10 5 15 34 6 88 54 1 1 2 9 4 7 1 2 1 15 3 6 2 Natuur-maatschappij wetenschappelijke richting Economie Landschapsarchitectuur Huishoudwetenschappen Cultuurtechniek-A Sociologie van de westerse gebieden Agrarische sociologie (niet-westerse gebieden) 85 16 18 9 16 15 11 59 15 13 1 10 10 10 26 1 5 8 6 5 1 106 20 22 21 19 17 7 72 19 14 3 17 13 6 34 1 8 18 2 4 1 Ingenieurs Natuurwetenschappelijke richting Landbouwplantenteelt Tropische plantenteelt Tuinbouwplantenteelt Plantenveredeling Planteziektenkunde Bosbouw Zootechniek Cultuurtechniek-B Tropische cultuurtechniek Landbouwtechniek Bodemkunde en bemestingsleer Levensmiddelentechnologie Milieuhygiëne Moleculaire wetenschappen Voeding Natuur-maatschappij wetenschappelijke richting Economie Landschapsarchitectuur Huishoudwetenschappen Cultuurtechniek-A Sociologie van de westerse gebieden Agrarische sociologie (niet-westerse gebieden) 290 216 5 4 12 13 15 29 20 20 16 16 14 34 12 6 74 33 19 9 10 3 248 196 5 4 8 9 14 27 20 20 16 16 14 29 10 4 52 33 10 7 2 42 20 4 4 1 2 5 2 2 22 9 9 3 1 335 265 13 5 20 21 17 12 23 31 17 15 13 42 20 4 12 70 18 19 9 3 18 3 280 232 13 4 16 17 12 11 23 29 17 15 13 35 16 4 7 48 15 14 1 3 13 2 55 33 1 4 4 5 1 2 7 4 5 22 3 5 8 5 1 MAATSCHAPPIJWETENSCHAPPEN Propedeutisch Kandidaats Doctoraal Post-doctoraal economische wetenschappen 619 5812 3916 71 591 4 339 3 157 71 28 1 473 759 669 6 112 4 072 90 634 4 390 3 232 90 35 1 722 840 Rechtsgeleerdheid Kandidaats 7 1 856 1 432 424 1 855 1 419 436 Doctoraal Nederlands recht Notariële studierichting Fiscaal-juridische studierichting Staatkundige studierichtingen Zuidafrikaans recht Vrije studierichting 1 376 1 065 311. 76 29 4 67 1 112 838 122 75 22 4 51 264 227 13 1 7 16 1 439 1 103 163 62 40 2 69 1 152 849 150 59 38 2 54 287 254 13 3 2 15 Tabel 2. Gepromoveerden RC 123-S3-76 Totaal Mannen Vrouwen Totaal Mannen Vrouwen Totaal 715 678 37 722 682 40 Godgeleerdheid Letteren Geneeskunde Diergeneeskunde Wiskunde en natuurwetenschappen Technische wetenschappen Landbouwwetenschappen Rechtsgeleerdheid Economische wetenschappen Sociale wetenschappen Centrale Interfaculteit: Wijsbegeerte 19 55 113 9 317 63 30 19 26 62 2 19 47 104 9 307 62 28 19 26 55 2 8 9 10 1 2 7 20 45 155 7 291 74 39 16 28 45 2 20 36 145 7 274 73 39 15 28 43 2 9 10 17 1 1 2 7 mededelingen Deze mededelingen verschijnen op ongeregelde tijden. Het gebruik van de inhoud van de publikatie als toelichting of bewijsvoering in een artikel, een boekbespreking of een boek is toegestaan, mits de bron duidelijk en nauwkeurig wordt vermeld. Overigens auteursrecht volledig voorbehouden N°. 7649 november 1976 STATISTIEKEN VAN ONDERWIJS EN WETENSCHAPPEN centraal bureau voor de statistiek pr. Beatrixlaan 428 voorburg De met goed gevolg afgelegde academische examens aan de instellingen van wetenschappelijk onderwijs in het studiejaar 1974/75 A. Algemeen Deze Mededeling bevat gegevens omtrent de aantallen met goed gevolg afgelegde academische examens (mels. promoties) aan de instellingen van wetenschappelijk onderwijs in het studiejaar 1974/75 met vergelijkende cijfers van het studiejaar 1973/74. De gegevens over beide jaren zijn ontleend aan de door de instellingen verstrekte opgaven. De laatst gepubliceerde examengegevens over 1972/73 en 1973/74 zijn opgenomen in de publikatie "Statistiek van het wetenschappelijk onderwijs 1972/73 en 1973/74". De tevens in genoemde publikatie vermelde gegevens over de studerenden aan de lerarenopleidingen en de studerenden en geslaagden voor de mo-akten zullen voortaan in een afzonderlijke publikatie worden opgenomen. Door bijzondere omstandigheden zijn nog geen definitieve cijfers beschikbaar over de aantallen ingeschrevenen bij de universiteiten en hogescholen in het studiejaar 1974/75. Voorlopige cijfers van de aantallen ingeschrevenen in de studiejaren 1974/75 en 1975/76 (tussentijdse tellingen resp. in februari/maart 1975 en per 1 december 1975) zijn reeds gepubliceerd in Mededelingen no. 7624 en 7640. B. Begrippen en definities 1. Instellingen van wetenschappelijk onderwijs Tot de instellingen van wetenschappelijk onderwijs worden gerekend: a. De universiteiten en hogescholen genoemd in art 15 W.W.O., alsmede de Medische Faculteit Maastricht; b. het Interuniversitair Instituut Bedrijfskunde te Delft (art. 36 W.W.O.). De theologische hogescholen blijven buiten beschouwing. 2. Academische examens Tot de academische examens worden gerekend de aan de instellingen van wetenschappelijk onderwijs afgelegde kandidaats-, baccalaureaats-, doctorale en postdoctorale (arts-, apothekers-, accountants- en belastingconsulent-)examens, alsmede de propedeutische examens in de godgeleerdheid, de technische wetenschappen, de landbouwwetenschappen (met biologie) en de economische wetenschappen (Rotterdam en Tilburg). Bij Wet van 3 december 1975, Stbl. 717, Rijksuniversiteit Limburg geheten. Artsexamens in de geneeskunde Bij K.B. van 8 mei 1973, Stbl. 206 zijn de examens in de geneeskunde gewijzigd. Volgens de oude regeling was een student na het behalen van het artsexamen bevoegd zich als zelfstandig huisarts te vestigen. Hoe wel formeel de bevoegdheid van de geslaagden voor het artsexamen "nieuwe stijl" tot nu toe nog op geen enkele wijze beperkt is, dienen in feite de genoemde geslaagden die huisarts willen worden eerst nog een specifieke huisartsenopleiding te volgen van een jaar. Tot nu toe is een definitieve regeling nog niet wettelijk vastgelegd. In de tabel 1 zijn de geslaagden voor het artsexamen "nieuwe stijl" (basisarts) in 1974/75 afzonderlijk vermeld. Voornaamste uitkomsten 1. In 1974/75 bedroeg het aantal met goed gevolg afgelegde afsluitende examens ruim 9 900. Ten opzichte van 1973/74 betekent dit een stijging van bijna 500 (5%). 2. Het aantal met goed gevolg afgelegde kandidaats examens steeg van ruim 12 000 naar 12 600 (5%). Tabel 1. Met goed gevolg afgelegde academische examens (slot) 1 Voor godgeleerdheid inclusief het baccalaureaats- en licentiaatsexamen aan de Kath. Universiteit Nijmegen, maar exclusief het kandidaatsexamen aan de overige universiteiten. 2 Voor godgeleerdheid het doctoraal- en laureaatsexamen aan de Kath. Universiteit Nijmegen en het kandidaatsexamen aan de overige universiteiten; voor exacte wetenschappen tevens het baccalaureaatsexamen. 3 Exclusief Kath. Universiteit Nijmegen. 4 Zie de toelichting op blz. 1. 5 Inclusief natuurkundige aardrijkskunde en oecologische prehistorie; exclusief farmacie. 6 De aantallen tussen haakjes hebben betrekking op ingenieursexamens behaald aan de R.U. Groningen en zijn begrepen in de totalen. 7 Omvat Nederlands recht, notariële studierichting, fiscaal-juridische studierichting en staatkundige studierichtingen; het programma voor het kandidaatsexamen van deze studierichtingen is veelal gelijk. |
X3NR52STSDLPQEEZ5NSDFVAPS52PAVAG_1 | German-PD-Newspapers | Public Domain | "BeSSRe S SeSS 8. 85 S 8. - ggg E FENS wSüSSE SSpSESAA SHgRS P Sgsc SHESSA R 5 SBERSA. o0 SDS S E # SSyES. “. SSTDSNU # - gr pS # # e SES. 8 S S. SggSn. TaTSn S S8 g # suggn a Smss S SSSgE S SSMSOS S. 77 : 8 S 857 85 * # # 8. 5 „ S E E S SEN Te : Eß GSSERRS GSS S. e 5 8 O. S ST. K S5ES • 9 EE S S 8. S S. 8. „ Gge S 855 S gu. 8 # Sen BESPS. “ • 8 WSSg. 9 27 835 Ss • : S 8TSS SE St. 2 S SSREG U Se. aa Si D Ss am. 5E SAUE „ ESESHDE S SSuns S PHRESER S S SS. A 9 S gns " K SR * GOg. S en ESSS. SS S. m. mm Sp S 9 - Jagg SOETES. TEoE S SOSES “ FSFTSES FS SaSs. SS G. SSSSyO9 AESgeSSE As # 5 7 S S. 5 S S • S 79. — 70. Jahrgang. Erste Ausgabe. Sonnabend , den 20. März 1897. FFETP OPPTRFHG öchentlich zwölfmal. verbunden tät , mit den Erscheint wöchentlich zwölfmal. Vierteljährliche Bezugsgebühr 2 M. 25 Pf. durch die Post bezogen 2 M. 50 Pf. Ankündigungs - Gebühren die einspaltige Grundzeile im Allgemeinen 20 Pf. , für Arbeitsmarkt und Wohnungs = Nachweis 15 Pf. OOoTrmunder Amtliches Kreisblatt für den D D Stadt = und Landkreis Dortmund. Anzeigen = Annahme : Weserstraße 23 Druckerei und Geschäftsstelle : Mönchengracht 2. Verantwortlicher Redakteur : Rud. Versem. Drucker und Verleger : C. L. Krüger ( G. Krüger ). beide zu Dortmund. Sonntags = Beilage : „ Für Haus und Hof “ , Blätter für Unterhaltung , gewerbliches und soziales Leben , Haus = und Landwirtschaft Plätzen wird keine Verantwortung übernommen Hierzu ein zweites Blatt. überall so gehandelt würde , wäre manches im Lande besser. Über Stimmungen und Verstimmungen als einigendes Moment der Reichsgedanke. Dieser , stellt uns vor ernste Aufgaben. Von dem Deutschen über dem Weltmeer verlangen wir , mit recht , daß er festhält an Kaiser und Reich." Verlangen wir dies, so müssen wir aber auch unsere Werkzeuge stützen, um im Fall der Not helfen zu können. Bitte, bewilligen Sie die Kreuzer! (Beifall.) Admiral Hollmann will noch den Standpunkt der Marineverwaltung zur Geltung bringen, wie er in der vom Referenten erwähnten Nachweisung dargelegt worden. Nur zur Information habe er die Nachweisung den Kommissionsmitgliedern in die Hand gegeben, damit sie seinen Ausführungen besser folgen könnten. Eine neue Denkschrift formeller Art lag uns durchaus fern. Die Erfahrungen mit den früheren haben gezeigt, daß man sich an eine solche nicht binden kann. Dazu ist die Kriegskunst wandelbar. Die Technik schreitet auf allen Gebieten fort, sie ist ganz besonders fortschritten auf demjenigen des Schiffsbaues, des Maschinenbaues, des Artilleriewesens. Ich wollte die Kommission durch die Nachweisung von der Notwendigkeit meiner Forderungen überzeugen, dies war der einzige Zweck dieser so viel besprochenen und so durchaus falsch beurteilten Aufzeichnungen. Ich war deshalb auf das äußerste erstaunt über die Ernüchterung, welche dieses ganz unschuldige Schriftstück hervorgerufen hat. (Lachen links.) Mündlich gleich nach den Beschlüssen der Kommission ist das Auswärtige wieder, von uferlosen Plänen, aber die Nachweisung Amt der Leidtragenden. Wenn man von Weltpolitik spricht, generell nur Ersatzbauten, die in nächster Zeit spricht, so fragt es sich doch vor allem, ob wir nötig werden. Jedes Schiff hat seine materielle und Weltinteressen haben. Und die Antwort hierauf ist seine militärische Altersgrenze; letztere ist weit kürzer und steht wohl außer Zweifel. Und der Gedanke darf hereinsesen, als die erstere. Die Panzerschiffe werden nach nicht aufkommen, als ob wir zur Wahrung dieser Interessen Jahrzehnte verplündern. Es ist also die ganz verfluchte Interessen zu schwach, zu elend seien. Wir haben in Pflicht und Schuldigkeit der Marineverwaltung (Hierbei diese Beziehung Pflichten. Und in diesem Sinne Verantwortung), Sie rechtzeitig darauf aufmerksam zu machen, müssen wir Weltpolitik treiben. (Beifall.) Eine Gegenwart, wenn ein invalides Schiff durch ein neues ersetzt fahren, daß wir dabei auf abschüssige Bahnen gelangen, werden muss. Der Wert der Schiffe hat sich mit der Zeit und den Fortschritten der Technik erheblich gesteigert, der Aufwand für überseeische Interessen im Einklang stehe anders daraus kann man der Marineverwaltung mit unseren sonstigen Aufgaben. Ich begreife auch, wenn man Furore machen will. Man will nur die Heimat aus Sicht, die Gesamtlast berücksichtigen wollen, welche hauptsächlich auf Stadt und die heimischen Meer Deutscher* <space> Berli, <space> 18. <space> März. <space> (Schluß.) Staatssekretär von Marschall: Meine Herren, die Notwendigkeit der einzelnen Positionen hat man ernstlich gar nicht bestritten. Man hat nur finanzielle Bedenken geltend gemacht und außerdem allerlei Befürchtungen betreffs weiterer Forderungen. Draußen im Lande tobt vielfach ein Streit von so persönlicher Bitterkeit, als ob es sich hier nicht um gemeinsame Angelegenheiten handelt. Nützlich ist das gewiss nicht. Für eine Erwägung hoffe ich auf Ihr Verständnis: daß es nämlich zwischen uferlosen Plänen der Zukunft den hier vorliegenden Forderungen eine breite Mittelstraße gibt. Und diese Mittelstraße hat, wie ich glaube, die Kommission nicht inne gehalten. Man hat von Weltpolitik gesprochen, aber da halte ich es mit dem guten alten Spruchwort: Bange machen gilt nicht (Heiterkeit). Ja wohl, man hat in der Presse es so dargestellt, als ob wir alle mit Weib und Kind in die Fremde hinausmüssten. Wir wollen anderen nicht zu nahe treten, aber wir wollen, daß das deutsche Reich und deutsche Interessen geschützt werden gegen fremde Unbill, und daß deshalb unser Schwert scharf und schneidig sein muß zu Wasser und zu Lande. Bei den Beschlüssen der Kommission ist das auswärtige Kreuzer zweiter Klasse nachfolgen würde. Wir sind uns unserer Verantwortung sehr wohl bewußt, wir glauben aber dem Vaterlande ebenso gut zu dienen, wie jenen ihm zu dienen glauben, die jetzt alles für die Marine bewilligen. Wir wollen nicht unsere Stätte, vorzeitig in Friedenszeiten für die Marine absorbieren auf Kosten der Grundlage unserer Wehrkraft, des Landheeres. (Beifall.) „Abg. Werner (Antisemit) bedauert, der Finanzlage halber nicht alles bewilligen zu können. Seine Freunde senken however von den Kreuzern nur Morgen 12 Uhr Fortsetzung. Schluß 4¾ Uhr. Gottes hat er seine Tage verbracht. — Bis zur letzten Stunde war der Wahlspruch seines Lebens; „Ich habe keine Zeit müde zu sein“. Umstände von seinen Getreuen, ist der Kaiser Wilhelm 1. sanft und gott ergeben, in der Morgenstunde des 9. März 1888 entschlafen, als erhabenes Vorbild fürstlicher Pflichterfüllung. Wilhelms Begraben. , Tätigkeit. Möge nun das zum Fürstenbild für unser Volk dienen und uns daran mahnen, pflichtgetreu wie der hohe Verstorbene zu sein, ebensounablässig er zu wirken, damit das deutsche Kaiserreich, welches von ihm wieder ausgerichtet wurde, allen Stürmen der Zeit Trotz bieten kann. — Sein Andenken aber sei gesegnet für alle Zeiten, die Treue zu Kaiser und Reich wankt nie. Unsere Treue aber wollen wir bekunden, indem wir uns erheben und in den Ruf schreien: Der Ekel unserer entschlossenen Kaiser, unser geliebter Kaiser und König Wilhelm II., er lebe hoch! Nachdem das Hohe von Provinzielles. g. Cörne, 17. März. Unter außerordentlich zahlreicher Beteiligung begang die hiesige Gemeinde im Heinkeschen Saal die hundertjährige Geburtstagsfeier Kaiser Wilhelm des Großen. Der große Saal war bis zum letzten Platz besetzt. Die Feier wurde eingeleitet durch einige exakt vorgetragene Musikstücke der Lattmannschen Kavallerie, worauf der Vorsitzende des Krieger- und Landwehr-Vereins, Herr K. Schäfer, die Festrede hielt, die etwa folgenden Wortlaut hatte: „Werte Anwesende! Zur Feier, resp. Vorfeier des am dem vor hundert Jahren unser Kaiser Wilhelm, am 22. März des Jahres 1797 das Licht der Welt erblickte, sind wir heute versammelt. Das Gefühl des Dankes, des innigsten Dankes gegen all die Menschen, die die Wirkung einer der den Mann, dem wir, dem das ganze deutsche Vaterland so viel verdankt, hat uns hier zusammengeführt. unter der Leitung “ an die Reihe, welcher Tagen wird der gefesselte Mann, Zax unter der Leitung des Herrn Lehrer Bazize die Lieder: klungen, lebe hoch! Nachdem das Sich ver Stand, sang die große Versammlung gemeinsam „Heil dir im Siegerkranz“, wobei der Vorhang in die Höhe ging und ein lebendiges Bild „Kaiser Wilhelm“ gezeigt wurde, das mehrfach wiederholt werden musste. Nach einigen Gesängen wurden noch folgende lebende Bilder gestellt: „König Wilhelm und Benoit in Ems“ „Mobil-Abschied“ , „In Feindesland Kaiser Wilhelm.“ hitzt einerseits Name des Jusslan nicht allein in Deutschland, nein auch im Ausland, allerortens, wo die deutsche Zunge klingt, dankbar genannt werden, ihm zur Ehre und zum treuen Andenken an den Einiger der deutschen Stämme werden die Glocken ihren Gruß aus der Höhe über das Land tragen und der Donner wie könnt ich Dich vergessen und Dies ist der Tag des Herrn vortrug, womit er reichen Beifall erntete. Die jüngere Generation hatte es sich nicht nehmen lassen, das Fest durch ein Theaterstückchen zu verschönern; es wurde der gesangliche Einakter: Der das Land trägt und der Donner waren sämtlich verechtelt wiederhallen vom Fels zum Meer. Eine heilige Pflicht ist es auch für uns, reichsozios universal eine sehr gelungene war und uns, heute dieses schlichten und doch so erhabenen Karl Zer gespendet wurde. Herr Betriebsführer, gestern und heute, anlässlich des 125. Jahrestages in Wien, hat das Theaterstück Ich bin ein Achte von Millionen aufgeführt, Hunderte standen; Zitaten wird dann materiell auf die Höhe, wurde, wie er sehen mußte, daß sie die Königin Luise, ihn hielt kein Herrscherwahn in seinem Pochen, es gesangenen Gehorsam, Der Glaube unsregierbar, Bene uie der Zügkhalt, Persaus ich den idolischen Schutz und der Untehgee da, mahnend als Ihr Altar. bei setzenden Autereiben, Percip. Der Schutz unserer Übersee wir für göttig, Haltgroß, „Personel wird sie pon. gesetzt zugegen, Schmerz um die Demütigung der Herren, prahlerische Beispiele lockt ihn nicht mehr, persönliche Interessen erheischt eine ganz andere Stelle, jederzeit ihre Schuldigkeit zu tun. Auch ich preußischen Monarchie dahinsieht, wie sehr es ihn er schlich in seinem schmucklosen schlichten Zimmer. Als früher, Lach ist wichtig, daßstzsak elsezim Bewegung seiner Forderungen ergriff, als er in Erklärung brachte, daß die edelst eine im Heldentum ein Kriegsnacht, wo der Deutsche Herz geschmolzen perde, (Heiliger rechts.) zur Königin geheiligt die Probe tiefer Demütigung ab, Stets heilig war die Pflicht dem Fürstensohn, Auch dadurch mögen erhalten bleiben. Abg. von Kardorff erklärt, seine Freunde verpflichtet legten, indem sie, umsonst, den übermütigen Sieger nach. Und ihr gehorchte er, jedem Bürger gleich, mit diesem acht das Bedürfnis an Schutz, richteten sich in keiner Weise auf die Zukunftspläne der Folge des harten Friedensbedingungen, zu Gunsten Zensel er sich selbst aufs Haupt gesetzt die Krone. Es sei Ser Ssiat Baickug, einer anderen Herkunft, die in der Urzeit an der Scheide rostete, sein Degen, Schlachtgetümmel und im Kugelregen, welche Seite es am Distrikt, sei doch das Hakenkreuz, ein Symbol, das auch die Rückkehr nach Bachkantlerkunde gezeigt, daß es ihr Ernst war, an der Stelle geordnet, zu arbeiten, für das Vaterland, geordneter Finanzen zu arbeiten. Verbleibend, nicht nur an Getreide, sondern auch an Kohlen, in individueller machen, allen Willen, Verpflichtungen, sei der Lausen sei das an Glien und Dach, Barbarige die Verletzung vermeiden, und der Staat, 19 Min. pro Koff, bei us bürgerliche Schuld, dah die Begleitungen wandelte, oder hat den Kater, Pest des schlechten Rückgangs, würde auch nicht ausbleiben. Stets, 15 — 16 Mk. Die Belastung, um die es sich hier seit Jahrzehnten im Kreise herum, aber nicht vor um umgeschlagen, zeigt, dass ein gerechter Hülferschulduns, Schuldner, erschallt, handelt, wird, der deutsche im Auslande hat der überaus vitrierte zu erworben, und wir die Verpflichtung, Unser Ehre nur an einigen, das einige Reiches. Ich kann entzweifeln, wie sie uns, zeigt es, die Ursachen hier, keh nicht ein Bilanz, die ich berufe, der Handel, wie sich die Sitz der Reichskanzler, 95 Ulger, doch wieder die Einigung, die Todesfälle bewusst, wider um die Wirtschaftskrisis, nur zur Ph. Ert, 3 eih Stieg Geez, Aute Konkurrenz auf senem dem Festland, ronkurxenz auf jenem großen Festland, wohin wir Abg. Müller = Fürungen mark, der Siegesflug des preußischen Aars über den Der Verlauf des Festes war ein ganz vorzüglicher. Standesamtliche Nachrichten. — Anmeldungen vom 18. März 1897. Aufgeboten. Schlosser Harald Sick mit Sophie Meiß. echeite Leise zut geushnen. Dien. 9 “ dier Aaulge. Klaicd Lais und Andreas Seläber und kaut ab sohdes SeieszentePeosiszgt Gesellschaft, huod das Eregendenial Schlosser Geezan Becker und Lase Vosgauser, samt Punkte ausgegangen, Riepe mit gezeichnet beitr, die katholischen Missionen in Chung, (Ruse: Sehr wichtig) Schs se u ce aise behasen Se csheria dasligr Aulcan Schiltcshen in. Kertahdt Ader ca l Feaute, V. schiten. Se waren dort Alsfahehandel gerade noch dort am besten dülhe. Läindet worden, Ich habe auf die Zuschrift anzuvorten Was Herr von Ennern im Vorgegente = kartsv sn zeagen, die Übelthäter seien gerichtet. Es war das dieser Hinsicht vor u useorduetendausend in die Folge davon, daß wir gerade in seinen Gewässern Blödsinn. (Stürp ses der tue starke Flottenmacht hatien. Und nun Kreta. Man doch, dass unser Handel weiseloß sei 84t, unsere dortige geringe Machtentfaltung getadelt Handel H herren von Enland unseren in reine geringe Zuteressen Vort, wie haben an der Aktion dort habe er zu erläten; wir bleiben bei dem was schon il Bis1rg,oge., haben, dass die Christen Redner rekavitulirt bengenäß die Besetzung der Kor Wir z “ rage kommen, unsere Hilfe anzurufen, mission. aus die Beschlüsse der Kom 5 Millionen Roman und bermilgt, gesunden nur werde mit allem Freimut sagen die Auslegung. Ist die zehnfach einer Anleihe, von 48 Millionen Mark. ansn allem Freimur sagen, der Beschluss der! Dazu kommt der demnächst erscheinende Nachtrag sind in dem Klotenplan ganz ver 2. Klasse. Es ist sicher, dass wenn wesge mit allem Freimut sagen, der Beschluss der Dazu kommt der. a. Millionen Mark, Eismon ist sachlich nicht begründet und unseren erscheinende Nachtrag: Dien schädlich, Ich werde Ihnen aber Pichg “, ledgxviez, Ind, u. dem Klotenplan gilt der. Motive unterlegen als Sie festgestellt haben, nicht gessen die Kreuzer 2. Klasse. WERCUAUDCIS Biche Dortmund, Westenhellweg 70, empfehlen reizende Neuheiten der 1900 in reicher und geschmackvoller Auswahl. Großes Lager der neuesten Damen-Kleiderstoffe in allen Preisklassen. K. K. ACHTUNG! Versteigerung. Mittwoch, 31. März d. J., Morgens 9 Uhr und Nachmittags 2½ Uhr anfangend, sollen in unserem Auktionslokal, (Eingang Balkenstraße Nr. 38), die im Februar 1896 in unserem Geschäft von Nr. 166797 bis 172743 versetzten und nicht eingelösten oder erneuerten Gegenstände zur öffentlichen Versteigerung gelangen. Zum Verkauf kommen: 81804 A Große Posten Kleidungsstücke, Leinensachen, Überzüge, Barthend, Bettmöbel, Gebild, Kattun, Blaudruck, Biber, Chiffon, Hemdentuchen, Tischtücher, Handtücher, Servietten, Tischdecken, Bettspreizen, Bettdecken, Steppdecken, Betten, Taschen-Uhren, goldene Herren- und Damenuhren, Uhrketten, Goldwaaren, als: Ringe, Broschen, Ohrringe, Medaillon, Armbänder, Kreuze, Granat- und Corallenwaaren, Regulateure, Wand- und Wecker-Uhren, 8 Nähmaschinen, Kinderwagen, Reisekörbe, Reisetaschen, Kinderstühle, Messer, Löffel, Labelfleisch, Spiegel, Bilder, Regenschirme: Pelzwaaren, 2 Kleiderschränke, 1 Küchenschrank, 2 Bettstellen mit Matratzen, Kochherde, 2 Kommoden, Stühle, Küchenbänke und sonstige Artikel. Verding. Zum Neubau eines fünfzehnklassigen Schulhauses mit Abortanlagen, Turnhalle und Lehrerwohnhaus an der Oesterholzstraße für die evang. VII: VIII: IX: Eelgmmtschule zu Dortmund sollen folgende Arbeiten getrennt vergeben: Titel I: Erd- und Maurarbeiten, II: Steinmetzarbeiten, III: Flurbeläge, Granit- Fensterbänke, IV: Zimmerarbeiten, V: Dachdeckerarbeiten, VI: Klempnerarbeiten, Schmiedearbeiten. Lieferung und Montage der - Eisen, Etagentreppe aus Schmiedeeisen, X: Schreiner- und Schlosserarbeiten, XI: Glaser- und Anstreicherarbeiten. Zeichnungen, Massenverzeichnis und Bedingungen liegen in dem Konferenzzimmer der Marienschule, Schulgasse Nr. 2, vom 17. bis 31. d. J., in den Vormittagsstunden von 10-12 Uhr, zur Einsicht offen und können Abschriften gegen Erstattung der Schreibgebühren in Empfang genommen werden. 4496 1 I atae, Oerten knd, als solsie bezeichnet, bis zum 8. April, Mittags 12 Uhr, an Herrn Stadtbaukassenrendanten A. Deppe, beide Nr. 8 hierselbst, einzureichen. Dortmund, den 15. März 1897. Im Auftrag der evangelischen Schulkommission: Die Architekten: Schmidtmann & Klemp. FP een W Sesg 5 Rch chce n. Sosobee Aese e. ece ce Wir machen gleichzeitig darauf aufmerksam, dass die beim Verkauf eventuell erzielten Überschüsse, wenn solche von den Berechtigten nicht erhoben, von uns bei der hiesigen Armenkasse hinterlegt werden und solche derselben nach Jahresfrist verfallen. Asharth Pfandleihe - Anstalt, Nicolaistraße 5, Dortmund. Großere Jugendanstalt Am Mittwoch, den 24. März 1897, vormittags 9 Uhr anfangend, auf dem Gute Holte (Vierhagen) das gesamte tote und lebende Inventar: 8 Pferde, 24 Kühe, 1 Bulle, sämtliche landwirtschaftliche Geräte und das Geschirr, Milchwagen usw., viele Mobilien und sonstige Haus- und Küchengerätschaften öffentlich meistbietend gegen Baarzahlung, Kredit und solvente Bürgschaft verkauft werden. 4565 "Haus Dellwig, 16. März 1897. Die Nenteiverwaltung. Verpachtung, Handschuhe. Ausverkauf - eng. wegen Umzug. Mitte April verlege ich mein Geschäft von Reinoldistrasse 17 nach Lüttgebrückstraße 4 (direkt an der Brückstraße), weshalb ich sämtliche Cravatten, Handschuhe usw. mit mindestens 20 % Rabatt ausverkaufen. A. S. Kamper, Reinoldistr. 17. Inh. A. Dorfk. Reinoldistr. 17. Empfehle nur eigene Fabrikate in Majolika-, Emaille- und Stählblech-Kochherden mit nickelplattirten Beschlägen (keine Vernickelung). Permanentes Lager von 200 - 300 Herden und Ofen. - Frachtfreie Lieferung nach Auswärts mit eigenen Fuhrwerken. Garantie für bestes Material und gutes Brennen. F. Meise, Heerd- und Ofenfabrik, Größtes Spezial-Geschäft hiesiger Gegend. Lüttgebrückstraße 13/15, der Einzige HeerdFabrik am Platz, welche auf hiesiger Kochkunst-Ausstellung mit Ehrempreis und goldener Medaille prämierter wurde. A. 10 □) # Joppen, Röcke, Hosen und Westen, B * DORTMUND Knaben- und Kinder-Anzüge, Nicolaistr. n: Arbeiter-Artikel, 5171e Balkenstr. 38. Großartige Lagerbestände. Sehr billige Preise. Andreas Saxlehner, Budapest kaiserlich, österreichisch und königlich ungarischer Hoflieferant. Bitterwasser 5 Hunyadi János Das mildeste, zuverlässigste, angenehmste. Käuflich in allen Apotheken und Mineralwasserhandlungen. Von Gartenstücken. 24 doppelte Gartenstücke des Armenfonds an der Knappenberger und unteren Ringstraße zu verpachten. S 1791 Anerbietungen werden im Stadthaus, Olpe Nr. 1, Zimmer Nr. 49, gutgegengenommen. Verpachtung von Gartenstücken. 18 Gartenstücke des Armenfonds gut, der Rheinischenstraße, neben Kuppert u. verpachten. s 1792 Nächster im Stadthaus, Olpe 1, Nr. 40 Wohn- und Geschäftshäuser mit großem Hofraum u. Einfahrt, guter Lage des nördlichen Stadtgegen, zu verkaufen. 87768 darauf. Mittlerweile, Baugeschäft, race 34. Baumstraße Schutzmarke. Spüren - Kernseife von Scheimit & Co.; dann die Vorzüglichkeit dieser Marke erklärt den enormen Absatz. Et bsichan e Depôt für unsere Weine 190 einzurichten. Geeignete Bewerber behufs Uebernahme eines solchen und der alleinigen Vertretung für die dortige Provinz wollen sich gefl. mit uns in Verbindung setzen. Weinhandlungen selbst oder Fachleute erhalten den Vorzug. A. Dugre & Fils, Bordeaux, Hoflieferanten Sr. Maj. des Kaisers von Österreich u. König von Ungarn und Sr. königl. Hoheit des Großherzogs von Hessen. Ein guterhaltenes Tafelklavier mit schönem Ton, schwarz poliert, billig abzugeben. in der Dortm. Kaiserkorn. Brennerei 994 Dampf-Seisenfabrik, Remscheid. Beste, garantiert reine Qualität. Vor minderwerthigen Nachahmungen wird gewarnt. Vertreter: Felix Leist, Dortmund. Wegen Fortzug gute Plüschgarnitur spottbillig zu mufen. verkaufen. Bettenstr. 18, 2. Et., (Eing. Thorw.) Dünger und Pflanzkartoffeln, rote und magnum bonum, zu haben bei H. Morck, Wambel. Bauplätze im Norden, 25 Meter Tiefe, unter günstige Bedingungen zu verkaufen. Schr. Angeb. u. A F 2435 an die Dortm. Ztg. Ein guter Ser Eisschrank 20 zu verkaufen. Alte Radstr. 14. (Mitwitzer Avenwedde I. W. Wrenherde, Haushaltungsgegenstände, Nähmaschinen billigst bei „32183 Georg Schiebach. Nordstraße 13, Ecke Kielstraße. Werschnell u. billigst Stellung will, verlange pr. Postkarte die „Deutsche Vakanzen-Post“ in Eßlingen. — 2 Morgen große Se „mit Bahnanschluss sofort zu kaufen oder zu pachten gesucht. Schriftl. Ang. mit Preisangabe unter K 4615 an die Dortm. Ztg. Ein seitüber 100 Jahre bestehender Gasthaus, verbunden mit flottem Restaurant, in einer Stadt von 50000 Einwohnern ist unter besonders günstigen Umständen, einschließlich komplette Ausstattung. 1900 und gegenwärtig rührt nach Auswärts mit Brennen. Brücke, rückstraße 13/15 Ausstellung mit Ehre und Westen. Ster, 517116 Sehr billige Preise, immer Qualität, stets vorrätig. Lose & Angleichung güedehnungsfähigen Ingofen: Ziegelei stigen Absatzverhältnissen in Rohmaterial, eventuell auch gesucht. Eingeb. und. W 4555 an die 316. Gruß Frentokar Saal, Kegelbahnen vorhandenem Inventar, gesellschaft Flora, in Ort, seit 1840 zu pachen. Regen bei Ndrae & Cie., Ruhrort. Was Wahrheit umhängen, schwarzergeschichten Mänteln, Kragen, Capes, Pelzen, Enlangen, schwarze Räumanteile, schwarze Kamischärnen, Jagdwesten, Ledermäntel und Staubmäntel. Und bitten meine Schaufenster zu prüfen. Die Vielseitigkeit meiner Auswahl wirkt über rasend. Jeder Gegenstand wird auf Wunsch aus dem Fenster verabreicht. Als jedes andere, an deren 98087 en gros. Damen - Mäntel - Fabrik, 18. Brückstrasse 18. = Einziges Special - Geschäft in Dortmund. En détail. Seit 1868 neu eingerichtet. Neu eingerichtet. Chemie! Hausfrauen kaufen: Viel besser Gerh. J. C. Loers. Fabrik: Hoheluft 7. Annahmestelle: Rheinische Straße 143, bei Herrn W. Piel Schnellste Lieferung. Schnellste Lieferung. Tuna - Holz = Küsch - Serrant Bekanntmachung aus der Seifenfabrik von Grüner & Neu Aus Anlass der Feier des 100. Geburtstages weiland Sr. Majestät Kaiser Wilhelm I. sind die städtischen Verwaltungsbüros und Kassen am 22. und 23. d. Mts., von Mittags 12 Uhr ab, geschlossen. Dortmund, den 15. März 1897. * Der Magistrat: Arnecke. 2d Oetenhelloneg 20 habe ich eine Verkaufsstelle meiner Dollere wirén - Fabrikate PANAMA - HOLZ WASCH - EXTRACT: GRUMER & NEUSEEFABRIK EARMEN - R ist in ½ Pfund = Packeten àmp; 15 Pf. überall käuflich. Schäumt leicht, erhält und bleicht, schont die Gewebe. Wegen der minderwertigen Nachahmungen achte man beim Einkauf von Panama = Holz = Wasch = Extract genau auf die den Packeten aufgedruckte Firma Grüner & Neu. Seit 184 - Am Montag den 22. März er., bleibt unsere Kasse Nachmittags geschlossen. 318902 Dortmunder Bank - Verein. Eröffnet und halte meine große Auswahl in mechanischen und handgesponnenen Fächerseiten, Marktnetzen, Wäsche- und Gerüststricken, Mauerschnüren, Ernteseilen, Pflughilfen bei billigen Preisen der Gesellschaft, Photzen, Hamper Verpackungen zu den billigsten Preisen bei Bedarf bestens empfohlen. W. Anäpper jun. Dortmund — Fredenbaum. Pestellungen auf Hanfseile und Seilwaren werden in obigem Geschäft entgegen genommen. — werden in obigem Geschäft: Wiederverkäufer erhalten großen Rabatt. Westfälische Preise, extra dicke Ware, per Dutzend 60 Pf. W. Hummrich Nachf., Ostenhellweg 17. Evangelischer Gottesdienst. Der Leutnant hat mir befohlen, dass seine Stiefeln nur noch mit Gentner’s Wachs in roten Dosen gewachst werden dürfen. Frilz, Offiziersbursche. Zu haben in den meisten Geschäften. Fußzeuganzug bestens bewährt, sofort trocknend und geruchlos, von Jedermann leicht anwendbar, seit 1870 2 gelbbraun, mahagoni, eichen, nußbaum und graufarbig, Franz Christoph, Berlin. Allein echt Dortmund: Köster & Böncke, Schmitz. Herne: F. Klische. Rheinisen Wöstralisene Bedarf Steuer Bank, Köln. Selterswasser Apparate liefert die Apparatebau-Anstalt Anträge auf Gewährung erststelliger städtischer und ländlicher Hygiene-Krapistonden Bedingungen vermittelt ohne Berechnung einer 81708 H. Gockel, Dortmund, Saarbrückerstr. 33. Jul. Kottsieper, in Barmen-Rittershausen. Stets großes Lager in allen Dimensionen. Man verlange Prospekte. Abonnenten! hat jetzt die täglich in 8 Seiten großen Formats erscheinende, reichhaltige liberale F. H. Inhoffen, Königl. Hoflieferant, ee - Röst - Anstalten, Bonn u. Berlin. Berliner Morgen-Zeitung nebst „tägliches Familienblatt“ mit fesselnden Erzählungen fam „tägliches Familienblatt“ mit fesselnden Erzählungen, sowie in und Landwirtschaft und dem Gartenbau. A. Wilbraudt: „Schleichendes Gift“. Heilkracht Tapioca, Drei Mädchen“. 21860 Berliner Morgen-Zeitung „ist der beste Haltungs und das Vielerlei, welches sie für Haus und Familie an Unterhaltung bietet. Bester, im Gebrauch billigster ächter Bohnen-Kaffee. Zu 30, 85, 90, 95, 100 Pf. per ½ Pfd. - Packet. Überall käuflich. S 120 großen Heilgas findet. (bei allen Postämtern und Landbriefträgern. Sonntag, den 21. März. (Düsseldorf.) Gedenkfeier des 100jährigen Geburtstages Kaiser Wilhelms I. (Kollekte für das Diakonissenhaus zu Kaiserswerth). Reinoldi-Kirche. Morgens 10 Uhr: Pastor Daub. Kinderfeier fällt aus. Abends 5 Uhr: Kirchliche Schulfeier. Johannes-Kirche. Morgens 10 Uhr: Unter Mitwirkung des gemischten Chores: Past. „Jucho. Morgens 11½ Uhr: Kindergottesdienst. Abends 5 Uhr: Kirchliche Schulfeier. Petri = Nikolai = Kirche. Morgens 10 Uhr: Unter Mitwirkung des Kirchenchores: Pastor Steinhoff. Morgens 11½ Uhr: Kindergottesdienst. Abends 5 Uhr: Kirchliche Schulfeier. Amtswoche im Stadtbezirk: Pastor Brockhaus. Taufen und Trauungen in der Kirche: Pastor Ulmke. Paulus = Kirche. Morgens 10 Uhr: Hülfsprediger Wewer. Morgens 11½ Uhr: Kindergottesdienst. Abends 5 Uhr: Kirchliche Schulfeier. Pastor Goldberg. Nächste Abendmahlsfeier: 28. März, Morgens. Marien = Kirche. Morgens 10 Uhr: Pastor Schnapp. Morgens 11½ Uhr: Kindergottesdienst. Abends 5 Uhr: Kirchliche Schulfeier. Nächste Feier des hl. Abendmahls: 28. März, im Auschluss an den Dienstag, ab. 8½ — 10: Bibelbesprechung. Mittwoch, ab. 8½ Uhr: Evangelisations-Versammlung bei Vogell, Münsterstraße 2. — Eintritt frei. Samst., ab. 8½ — 10: Bibelbesprechung. Vereinslokal: „Herberge zur Heimat“, Kapellenstraße 27. Jedermann ist herzlich eingeladen. Jungfrauen-Verein in der Kleinkinderschule an der Kuckelke. Mittwoch, Abends 8 Uhr: Vers. Zions-Verein. Dienstag, Abends 8 Uhr, im Gemeindehause an der Marienkirche. Verein junger Mädchen. — 6 Uhr: Versammlung im Lutherhaus. Verein für Ladengehülsinnen. Versammlung im Gemeindehause an der Marienkirche. Frauen- und Jungfrauen-Missions-Verein. Versammlung im Lutherhaus Mittwoch, Abends — 9 Uhr. Evangel. Vereinshaus, Riemengasse 9. Zweigverein für innere Mission. Sonntag Nachmittag 4 Uhr und Dienstag Abend 8½ Uhr: Bibelstunde. Jedermann hat freien Zutritt. Sonntag Vormittag 11½ Uhr: Sonntagsschule. Evangel. Frauenverein. (Evangl. Vereinshaus.) Mittwoch Nachm. 3 Uhr: Versamml. Hauptgottesdienst. An der Abend: Evangel. Jungfrauenverein. (Evangl. Vereinshaus.) Sonntag Abend 7½ Uhr und Mittwoch Abend 8½ Uhr: Versamml. Jedes junge Mädchen ist freundlichst eingeladen. Abendmahlsfeier nehmen die im v. I. konf. Knaben und Mädchen gemeinsam teilen. Hörde. Morgens 10 Uhr: Pastor Bohwinkel. Abends 5 Uhr: Pastor Kern. Baptisten-Gemeinde, Sedanstraße 22. Sonntag Vormittags 10 Uhr und Nachmittags 4 Uhr: Gottesdienst. Evangel. Gemeinschaft, Weverstraße 9. Vorm. 10 Uhr und Abends 6 Uhr: Gottesdienst. 41500 Pest d. d. Sostat ie bhastuchen S. 51, heng 4670 flliefere: Goldleisten, Rahmen, Glas, Ioheinisterne Spiegelgl., Goldbort, 2c. allerlei 1989 Rheinischestr. 26. “J. Grösstee Putz- und Moderaaren-Stabuissement Rheinlands und Westfalens. Athon So Westenhellweg 45. Fernsprecher Nr. 254. Wir beehren uns die Eröffnung unserer Engros-Lager: Weberstrasse 4. Modetthut - Nussteilung, welche an Geschmack und Reichhaltigkeit erstaunliches Aussergewöhnliches bietet, ganz ergebenst anzuzeigen. Unsere grossen Läger sind mit sämtlichen Nechtheiten der Saison reichlich ausgestattet. Die Modelle sind in unserem „neuerbauten, hochelegant eingerichteten Salon, den wir ohne Überschwang eine Sehenswürdigkeit Dortmunds nennen dürfen, ausgestellt und ist auch Nichtkäufern die Besichtigung gern gestattet. 31888 der Grosse Preis pro Pfund 40 Pf., 1er. Tol. pro Pfund Mk. 1,15, 1,50 u. — empfiehlt Ferdinand Jonas, Lützburgerstr. 1. nach Den besten Ersatz für Cognac 0 “ Auszeichnung auf allen ausgestellten Auszeichnungen. Versand in Kistchen von 6 Flaschen an. s 6546 = Dampf - Kornbranntwein - Brennerei und Presshebefabrik von Albert & Gustaf Lonmann, Witten. Vertreter: Jos. Fas in Dortmund, Weissenburgerstr. 36. Auskunft ertheilen: von der Becke & Marsily in Antwerpen. s4144 Aug. Dörpinghaus in Bochum, Humboldtstr. 80. Ein leichtes, flottes mit vollständigem Geschirr, ca. 6½ Jahr alt, lammfromm, ein- und zweispännig gefahren, auch geritten, ist mit dazu gehörigen, fast neuen, offenen Kutschwagen zum Selbstfahren zum Preis von KIk. 1800 zu Käufen. Am Dienstag, den 23. März er., Morgens punkt 10 Uhr, steht das Pferd, angeschirrt mit Wagen, zur Besichtigung in der Augustastrasse, Ecke Rheinische Strasse 28. In Hombruch bei Barop, bei bekannter Industrieort ersten Ranges, ist ein ca. 10 Morg. große Besitzung mit gut rentierendem, aufstehendem Gebäulichem, welche rings um Zechen und grosse Fabriken umgeben ist und günstige Bedingungen bietet. Billig zu verkaufen. Die Besitzung grenzt an 2 verkehrsreiche Straßen und eignet sich dies. die gute Lage weg. zu Bauplätzen. zur Anlage eines großen Gartens resp. zu Fabrik, in ganz besonderer Art, da prima, sehr tiefschichtige Ziegelböden und Wasser vorkommen, zu Anlage einer Ziegelei. Schrift. Angebo zu W P 4768 an die Dortmunder Zeitung; Zur Vorbereitung Kostenfreie Sielenermäulung und Verband Deutscher Handlungsgehilfen zu Leipzig. Woc Jede Woche erscheinen 2 Listen mit 500 offenen Stellen jeder Art 3170 aus allen Gegenden Deutschlands. Ein zugewandter Vorrat zu verkaufen. Zu erfähr more in der Dortmunder Zeitung 4761 pro. Dtd. 40 Pf. I. Wollsten Stockwerk empfiehl pr. Pf. 50 und 75 Pf. sehr geehrte Ferdinand Jonas. Lütgebrückstr. 1. Elegant, rentabl. Häuser, enthaltend 17 hohe Etagen = Zimmer und 6 Mansarden, Baderaum, etc., ist mit größerem Garten preiswert zu verkaufen. Lage: nahe bei der neuen Reichspost. Straßenverbindung in der Nähe. Nähe in der Dortm. Zig. 3150 für und gründlichen Nachhilfe eröffne ich am 1. April und 1. Mai cr. zwei halbjährige Kurse in Deutsch, Recht = u. Schönschrift, Handelskorrespondenz, kaufm. Rechnen, Handels =, Konkurs = und Wechselrecht, einf. u. dopp. Buchführung, Kontokorrent = Zinsrechnung und Steuereinschätzung. Alles Nähere im Unterrichts Lokal Kielstraße 7. R. Gierke. W " 0 vor unnützen Mehrausgaben beim Kauf von Herren - u. Knaben Garderoben. Wer im obigen Artikel Bedarf hat, der versäumt nicht, sich zunächst von der uneigene, leistungsfähige des Welthaus „Goldene“, zu überzeugen. 1. Etage, Brückstraße 2, Jedem sich dafür interessierenden, auch Nichtkäufern, wird ohne etwaige lästige Anpreisung jeder Artikel zur Ansicht und Probe vereinigt vorgelegt. Das 4766 Welthaus „Goldene“, Brückstr. 2, I. Etage, führt grundsätzlich nur bestgearbeitete Kleidungsstücke aus den proben, soliden Stoffen, von dem einfachsten bis zum hochelegantesten Genre, und liefert solche zu bisher nicht gekannten, erstaunlich billigen Preisen. Die Preise sind auf jedem Stück deutlich vermerkt, wodurch jede Überschuldung ausgeschlossen ist. — •. TortuchE ] nur Brückstraße 2, Ecke Westenhellweg, Laden. ) in der 1. Etage. (Kein Laden. ) 4 Bauplätze in der Unionstraße 40 doppelte Gartenstücke sollen am Dienstag, den 23. März, Nachmittags 4 Uhr, an der Landwehrstraße, in der Nähe der Union Vorst., meistbietend verpachtet werden. Dortmund, den 18. März 1897. : Ab. Erlemann. der Für Capitalisten. Gegen gute 1. Hypothek werden auf zwei gutgelegte, besseren Besitzungen in der Nähe der Liebfrauenkirche ca. 25000 bezw. 30000 Mark per sofort od. 1. Mai er. zu 4 Prozent anzuleihen gesucht. Schriftl. Ang. u. 4250 a. d. Dortm. Ztg. nat Prima Blüten - Honig. Feinsten, hiesigen Tafelhonig, gar. iaturrein, lief. die 10 Pfd. = Dose fr. u. Nachn. zu 6 1/2 M. Nichtgefallendes uehme pr. Nachn zurück. G. Sau in in der Unionstraße zu verkaufen. Näheres bei Architekt F. Neveling, Märkischestraße 31. 46098 Günstiger Gelegenheitskauf. Günstiger der Wirtschaftsgenossenschaft, ein Quartier, mehrere Tische, Stühle, Theke mit Bierpumpe, Real und sonstige Gegenstände billig unter der Hand zu verkaufen. Heinr. Nordhaus, Grünstraße 8. Alle Sorten stets auf Lager. Vertrag Nüchtern, Heiligegartenstraße 12 und Bleichmärschstraße 59. 4277 1 Gebräuchlich auf Hypothek sind von einer hiesigen Hypothekenbank zu beziehen durch Alb. Hoelzer, 2949 f Hypothekenbank - Agentur, Dortmund, Weissenburgerstr. 30. C. Baumann, Hof - Photograph Ihrer Majestät des Kaisers und Königs, Ostenhellweg 18. Herren-Anzug, Überzieher und Joppenstoffe, be währte Fabrikate, von den billigsten bis zu den hochfeinsten Qualitäten, liefert jedes Maß portofrei. S. Hofmann, 81547 * — Kissingen (Bayer). 8 Meter Cheviot Nr. 256 schwarz, blau, braun, haltbar. Qualität. Mk. 10. Verlangen Sie meine Muster franco. Namenlos glücklich macht ein zarter, weißer, rosiger Teint, sowie ein Gesicht ohne Sommersprossen und Hautunreinigkeiten, da her ge brauche man: Bergmann's Lilienmilch - Seife v. Bergmann & Co. in Niederbügel = Dresden (Schutzmarke: Zwei Bergmänner). 50 Pf. bei: A. Speyer und Heinr. Köhler. 1787 Die Schlesische Boden Credit - Aktien - Bank gewährt Hypotheken - Darlehen zu günstigen Bedingungen. 3220 Vertreter: J. C. Niehörster Dortmund, Poststr. 34. Tafelherd, emailliert, billig zu verkaufen. Humboldtstr. 18. Dr. med. Canstein, prakt. homöopath. Spezialist für: Innere, Kinder- und Frauenkrankheiten. 82 1 par Brüderweg 8. 220 2 bis 3 Bauplätze innerhalb der Stadt zu kaufen gesucht. Schriftliche Angebote unter J G 4454 an die Dortm. Ztg. 1 Bauplätze an der Kaiser Wilhelm - Allee sind zu verkaufen durch. 3221 J. E. Rießhorster, Poststr. 34. Hallener “Schreibtisch zu kaufen gesucht. Schriftliche Angebote unter 4724 an die Dortm. Ztg. Ein 10 Mon. alt. Kind in Pflege zu geben. Nächste in der Dortm. Z. 4764 1300 junge Hühner billig zu verkaufen. Fuhrmann Kurnap, Schwanenwall 2. Pferdedünger zu verkaufen. Oestermärschstr. 25. Cale Meunser, Weinhandlung, I. Kampstraße 73, bei der Petrikirche. Restaurant 1. Ranges. Reichhaltige Speisekarte. Diners von 12 — 2 Uhr. Münchener und Dortmunder Bier. Rhein - Weine Mosel - Weine. Deutsche Rotweine Bordeaux - Weine Burgunder - Weine Italienische Weine Spanische Weine Griechische Weine Moussirende Weine Französische. Cognac Arrac — Rum Punsch v. M. 0,60 — 8,50 — 0,60 — 3,50 — 0,60 — 2,00 1,00 — 8,50 — 2,80 — 2,30 — 0,90 — 2,40 — 1,60 — 8,00 — 2,00 — 8,00 — 2,50 — 9,00 — 4,00 — 9,00 — 2,50 — 5,00 Pianoforte. Fabrik L. Herrmann & Co., Berlin. Neue Promenade 5, empfiehlt ihre Pianinos in kreuzsaitiger Eisenkonstruktion, höchster Tonfülle und fester Stimmung. Versand frei, mehr wöchentliche Probe gegen Baar oder Raten von 15 Mk. monatlich an ohne Anzahlung. Preisverzeichnis frei. Günstigste Bezugsquelle für Stein, Seidel & Raumann, sowie alle anderen Systeme in jeder Preislage. Teile Zahlung gestattet. Bei Baarzahlung höchster Rabatt! Geurg Sulzbach, Nordstraße 13, Sielstraße. Woraufgezielte Unterricht L. K im Zuschneiden und Anfertigen sämtlicher Damen- und Kinder Garderobe ertelle 16551 Frau H. Höwing, jetzt: Weberstr. 23, 2. Etage. Zahnklinik Praxis M. Cäntzen, Zahntechnikerin, 46079 Markt 18, Ecke Wißstr. 12. Karren guten Pferdedunger sofort abzugeben. 46083 Maschinenfabrik, Schützenstraße 12. a. Margarine pro Pfund 38, 50 und 55 Pf., I. Büdorahm Margarine pro Pfund 60 und 70 bei 5 Pfund 55 und 65 empfiehlt Ferdinand Jonas, Lützowbrücke 1. 4757 Am W Von ungeeignet antragen, # 45R A schädigend Abg. richt, zur Abgasgestalter In Der K Es folgende Adjutant Saxnover. Die Al Lind Gegr Aweitere Einlogen in der Abg. H in Rheinland Vom 9 Die Vorangenommen der Gesellschaftlichen und zweite Es folgt die Regierung einen Gesetz im Kultus und Kommendatur Gewählter wichtige keiner festen: evangelische und eigene besetzten fest Der An Bürden der Weigenden der Weistlichen erlaubt, gelichtet ob für die Etat des Kultus 2 Millionen richer Schrift us wir ni Perreicht streichen la Gegen den Verwendung materielle G; Die Schwierigkeiten zu bewilligen und katholisch leichter wird Förderung notfallrecht liegt in ihre sich Arbeit der die Kost klerikal Kult: leistlichen und Minister bedanken des em vorgeschriebenen zu denken über die Frau Entgegenkommen Höhe des Beiprivat auf eine worten empfohlene dass der Kirche Orden sind, aber gezogen. Aber Zommen wird die angeregte eine zu lösen Pird. (Beifa. Abg. Dr. Zweite Ausgabe. Nr. 79. — 70. Jahrgang. Drucker und Verleger: G. Krüger in Dortmund. „Landtags-Verhandlungen. Abgeordnetenhaus. Amtliches Kreisblatt für den Stadt- und Landkreis Dortmund. Sonnabend, den 20. März 1897. Verantwortlicher Redakteur: Off Versen in Dortmund. "Landtags-Verhandlungen. Abgeordnetenhaus. Amtliches Kreisblatt für den Stadt- und Landkreis Dortmund. Sonnabend, den 20. März 1897. Verantwortlicher Redakteur: Off Versen in Dortmund. Sce blch ec dass der Kultusminister als geschiedene Herr schaft, esche sie eit ecde Keie Kesie eche che igen. tet. enitemuezte. Verinz, 16. März, Am Ministertische: zahlreiche, Kommissare, g28, Cultur. Von 42 Petitionen, welche die Kommissionen als gedachte der ungeeignet zur Erörterung im Plenum zu erachten be = Hlndigung wurde angetragen, treffen fünf den Erlaß von Verpflichtungen Zähringen, geistlichen. 1415 SHursctiahung empfangener Grundsteuer - Ent =. Aba. Grber 1. Wichdenkugen. Auditor Grandseuer: eun mitwirken Abg. Hansen (frk.) fragt, sieht zur Erörterung im Plenum Abg. Jürgensen (natl.) escht t sce iue Gaie e eseae aes cenecen sid ich Aaschalst Le dihen fershge beicd lucdhe dunr Aurch bai a. Msien esche s escs ese ceisce e sceiece s chlce lch ad l et e i. schtee Feieber gegen Her Gueß, Antzperiode das Gehall zu gewähren. s 1886 ehelsbchlscheas ses celie elache schicle Aode Keaitente der basie Keschechl Lugengnngenigge wied viermit ohne weitere Debates san de Budgekommison zu verwesen. chliscet Laser äie ie Kbeichen eis Krastes soagase eunde der Vorshrecht un der Bachger. Pr % e i eier Setig, genehmigt. lheit darf nicht einsetig betrachtet werden vom Stand „Der Staatang an ihr Väteratung an der Badget. l doe hesieshnung der Aischadlschen angscher ulch, Kommission. — Hierauf Vertagung um 413 Uhr. (Plätze erscheinen Geichose drei Nounen Löteten. Die uhrer “ Antrag Zur ta = in Prest. elbstsüchtige Zwecke bischäts = sser. tt uz ' g Antrag Birchop ber. Kompto. banaus = Heset und Vergwperks = Stiak. der Sompt Deutschlands. Ausland. w London, 18. März. „Standard“ meldet ein ser = Zusammenkunst in Peters schs bhsch oe e eche. ch ce Plis, Ie, Sauzue den abgepichten Organen derlio lage ich die Maischt der Oberichenratg u, Stilchruigechastin, Verinz, Mechaston don Boder! Wche Locd = boer pr. Dtd. 60 Pfg., Sührahmbuter in ½/1 Pfd. = Stücken, pr. Bfd. Mk. 1,15, solländ. Käse. 50, 60 u. 80 Pf. empfiehlt rdinand Jonas, Lütgebrückstr. 1. 8 Meunsen , Weinhandlung , ampstrasse 73 , bei der Vetrikirche. aurant J. Ranges. schhaltige Speisekarte. ers von 12 — 2 Uhr. er und Dortmunder Bier. 19194 eine v. K. 60 — 8,. 50. 60 —. 50 Rothweine „ „. 60 —. 00 Gerichtliche Entscheidungen. Strafkammer. Ob es sich um einen fabrik Keshsche ein Arsgalsäale Serenr # cZie sgcehesziegen. Der von den Freio. Snarskt und dein Sadekapztein , Geschäifts , der Kauzalueug i der Iuhader dei Meyer , Deputation des kaiser = lgehens gegen die Gewerbeg , 9 atod Rose , weien Ver lugaschen Infanterie = Regiments die Direktrien Klein und eo hube , der Teschubigten Hers siaes “ lestworden. Der Verreier Preichen asen und man wird dabel den geordneten Erganen der Kirche die nötigen Mittel zur weiteren ie Schwieriskeiten einer richtigen Verteilung Autrage ant Zitopisch : Deputation des kaser ; daß es sch um einen Fabritbetrieß fe duier bestreitet , = Weine er = Weine he. Weine Weine se Weine nde Weine Cognac Rum „. 00 — 859 2,30 —. 80 „ 090 —. 40 „ 1,60 —. 00 „ 200 — 600 „ „ 2,50 — 9,00. 00 — 900 „ „. 50 — 500 250 —. 00 Ioforte. L. Herrmann & amp ; Co. , n. Neue Promenade 5 , ihre Pianinos in kreuzsait. tr. , höchster Tonfülle und nmung. Versand frei , mehr che Probe gegen Baar oder 15 Mk. monatl. an ohne oste Bezugsquelle für Ses hnescl eche eses es esele. ie , e ale ele ich. oanten des Alntlages outgtzegug tehi den Grund 69 Zi , suen war , habe ich mit dem Finanzminister kutgegensh. a. koferirt und dort das bereitwilligste Eise deu Penen gerunden. Zunichst aber wird die # one des Bedürfnisses festzustellen sein und da haben bir auf eine angestellte Anfrage noch nicht alle vorten empfangen. Ich bin ein warm Leh der Kirche die „ litrenden Reiten “ Eriden sind , wie der bekannt geword Kaunten wie daber aiche hinlalsl uh Vin ghern bereit. Kesgahe , leil der Bircde it Eeensgreste Frage nach Vertändigug mit beiden wilben Helstiu vest. Bicht. Fist 3u. sez und ich hofe , dak luls das ( Stalsdovuder Geneint prg , ( Pesfall , vone , daß uns das gelingen , Here = giercgepgnegz Redner tritt fü Abg. # tung. 5 ase Keaschen. d ah cer e estes eese ee esee e eine Ar Roseschen Perw Er. Die Kosten seien abgesorgen. Für die Sicherung des Hauses für die freundliche Adler & feste Steine sei es vorgestellt, modus procedendus an diesen Tagen die Frage der Kostbarkeit: 10 mit dem Außenminister weiter „dieseisk, Bodeloo, Declaratio des Deutschen Geistlichen Oberst Neuhookd aus dem Regiment Zander und dem Messnerlehrling Emil; Oern verbreitet, Zander muss die gegenwärtige Gefangenschaft büßen. Es scheint, dass es sich um ein Bäderhotel beabsichtigt, das 2468 kostet, Hase, Mug, besitzt, gehässig, geistig & aud; er hatt einen Bruder, der Jude war, und Naumann, alle anderen Systeme in jeder Preislage ist gestattet. Bei Baar höchster Rabatt! 8 Suizbach, Rasse 13, Stelstraße. Ebenfalls Unterricht gegeben und Anfertigungen scher Damen & Kinder ob gen Schulter ertheilt 16551. Herr Höwing, Eberstraße 23, 2. Etage. Reschliche M. Jantzen, Zahntechnikerin, Markt 18, Ecke Wißstraße, eine gute Erbschaft erhalten, 46083 Kautschuk, Schützenstraße 12. Margarine für 38,50 und 55 Pf, 5 Vfd. 55 und 65 Pf. Christian Jonas, Lützowbrücke 1, 4757 Dolorosa, Roman von A. Wilson. — (Nachdruck verboten.) Herr Palma trat jetzt in die Bibliothek und näherte Regina, deren Anwesenheit in diesem Raum sie nicht vermutet hatte. Über die Schulmädchen, in das Schreibheft das Ende, nach dem die Ähnlichkeit in Regmas wertvoll "O, Elliot ist immer frisch", meinte die Dame, desselben seidenem Vish irgend einen Besuch zu planen, an Ihren : obachten würde. geistige Zahnkunst vergessen", nahm er nach welchen als Einlage in einem an mich gerichteten Schreiben zu geben. Selbstverständlich stammte Regina tonlos. "Seine Parfüm ist ziemlich frisch", meinte die Dame: "Seine Nerven müssen stählerner sein. Uebrigens wird uns sicher feinst abgestritten, uit hag, Garum Acdt alte uet in 15 Lespräch wieder auf, "Ihnen diesen Brief auf zu wirken", schloß sie lächelnd. "So ist Frau Carew in Washington?" fragte er. "Ja, haben Sie Herrn Chesley schon vergessen? Selbstverständlich stammte Regina tonlos. Der Spiegel heim, den Befehren der "Lauges" und wenn "Ei freilich — wussten Sie das nicht?" Der junge Heimbekehrer in seinem Beruf nur halb so "Nein — ich glaubte noch ein Bar einigen, ich nicht für eine Stunde mein nennen wohl, Feging dem Geschick hadern. Leb wohl, Regina — im Leben wie im Tode treu. "Fin, von Frau Lindsays Hand beigefügtes Poststück trug ein späteres Datum und meldete, Percy sei sehr krank gewesen, habe sich aber wieder erholt und so gedachten beide in etwa vierzehn Tagen nach Japan zu reisen. Von dort würden sie nach kurzer Rast weiterreisen nach San Francisco zu Frau Lindseys Schwester und in nicht zu ferner Zeit in New York schreiben. Frau Lindsay schrieb, ihr Sohn zählte die Stunden bis zu ihrem Wiedersehen und die Hoffnung, Regina als seine Frau begrüßen zu dürfen, aufgetragen erhalten. Damit Baukunden und Aeusserungen, die etwas, Kunde verständigen, genug. Sie genug, die Illusion Erdauf. - Ka us ich, stealin sah. Der Gedanke, Frau Carew Gastin, ihn hegend und auf den Auktion wachsend, die ganze Helise, drohte Regina, todkrank. Thörichte Schwäche ihres Herzens überwinden und das sie der dich hinein, hustend, sich auf den Auktion, Gier gehn, Sir, in Lust auf und 20d Gold scheint, Bilanz, die die Sache 10 kr. in der Regel des: Taretsens, welches Sie mir gegeben, Vergleich, und lasen sie die Zeit nicht zu, sich ihre eigene lustigen Kenntnisse, segnen von der Kälte, ehrlich und regelrecht, und Regina atmete auf, in der Ausschüsse "Stück gestücktes Fleisch, dieses sieben Personen, ein Paar, es sei mir schriftlich, eine Geisterbüchse, überaus wunderbar. Kaum ein Schatten, einiges Gehasche, eine heilige Gasgegend, besondere Mohnkraut, August, diese ausgetannten Früchte, einige Gäste gibt es, gesund. Eigentlich ein übel jesellte Kure. Kroner ven Hohofenarbeiter. Schöffengericht. Der Schmiede Kor Kröner aus Iserlohn war beschuldigt, Hohofenarbeiter Isdepsky misshandelt zu haben. Am 24. Dezember kamen beide auf dem Heimweg von der Nachtschicht in Meinungsverschiedenheiten, die sie aber in einem Lokal wieder beilegen wollten. Nach reichlichem Schnapsgenuß waren ihre Köpfe so erhitzt, dass, als Isdepsky den Kröner aufforderte, mit hinaus zugehen, dieser sogleich bereit war. Im Hausflur schlug Kröner gleich mit seinem Essen-Geschirr auf Isdepsky und Isdepsky nahm, wie dies entzwei ging, einen Besen. Isdepsky hatte am Kopf so schwere Verletzungen, dass er sich in ärztliche Behandlung begeben musste und einige Zeit arbeitsunfähig war. Kröner erhielt 1 Monat Gefängnis. Provinzielles. Dortmund, 19. März. Betreffs der Steuererhebung liegt den Stadtverordneten heute abend folgender Magistrats-Antrag vor: Nachdem durch Beschluss der Stadtverordneten-Versammlung vom 15. d. Mts. bei Titel VI. a. gz. des Ordinariums für 1897/98 „Neuer Zuschuss an die resp. Schulgemeinden um 70000 erhöht worden ist, beträgt der Gemeinde-Fehlbetrag nunmehr 2256300 M. Hiervon geht zunächst ab die Betriebssteuer mit 150 Proz. in Höhe von 14839,50 M, abgerundet auf 14300 M, und es verbleibt ein Fehlbetrag von 2242000 M. Es werden davon zu decken sein durch Zuschläge zur Einkommen-Steuer 1 415535,91 M und durch Zuschläge zu den Realsteuern 826464,09 M. Es sollen, wir im Einverständnis mit der Finanz-Kommission vorgeschlagen, erhoben werden: a) 200 % der für 1896/97 mit 12 416 i staatlich veranlagten Grundsteuer — 24832 4, b) 200 % des durchschnittlichen Gewerbesteuer-Veranlagungsprozentsatz der 8 letzten Jahre von 145,483 M = 290966, c) 178 % der Gebäudesteuer, welche nach der Veranlagung von 1896/97 285 360 beträgt, und zur Abrundung erhöht wird auf 286 891,06 = 510 660,09 M erhoben werden. Wie in dem Vorschlage zur Deckung des Gemeinde-Fehlbetrages für 1897/98 angeführt, beträgt die nach dem Durchschnitt der 8 letzten Jahre angegebene, der Besteuerung unterliegende Einkommensteuer, fingierte Normalsteuer und fingierte Einkommensteuer der Aktiengesellschaften 2c. 1015 502 M. Hiervon ab infolge Berufungen, Steuer-Befreiungen, Verzichtung der Steuerpflichtigen, Unpfändbarkeit usw. Vorjahre = 96871,14 M, bleibt 9,49 % gegen 10,27 % im abgerundet auf 96 322,84 M. bleiben 919179,16 Mio., wovon 154 % als Zuschlag zu erheben sein würden. Evangelische Männerverein des Johanneskirchen Bezirks. Die Festfeier wird eingeleitet am Sonntag mit gemeinsamem Kirchgang, dem sich dann am Nachmittag um 5 Uhr eine Festversammlung im Börsensaal, bestehend in Ansprachen verschiedener Redner, Vorträgen des gemischten Chores, Deklamationen und Aufführung eines Festspiels, anschließen wird. Die Mitglieder der Johannesgruppe des Arbeitervereins sind herzlichst willkommen. Die Kinder unter 6 Jahren sind des beschränkten Raumes wegen von der Feier ausgeschlossen. Zur Deckung der Unsicherheit wird ein kleines Eintrittsgeld von 10 Pfennig erhoben. Der Besuch wird gewiß ein zahlreicher sein. Dortmund, 19. März. Bei dem gestern nach Mittag hierselbst niedergegangenen Gewitter schlug ein Blitzstrahl an der Hohenstraße in der Nähe der steinernen Brücke in die Telefonleitung und zerstörte dieselbe, wodurch eine längere Störung für den Verkehr der Fuhrwerke eintrat. In der gestrigen Versammlung des evangelischen Männervereins des Johanneskirchenbezirks wurde dem einstimmligen Wunsche der Anwesenden Ausdruck gegeben, dass sämtliche Vereinsmitglieder bei der bevorstehenden Stadtverordnetenwahl mit allen Kräften zur Erreichung ihrer Ziele eintreten möchten. Die Versammlung war sich darüber klar, dass das Eintreten für die Sache um so energischer und freudiger erfolgen könne, je mehr von berufener Stelle darauf Bedacht genommen werde, solche Männer für die Wahl in Vorschlag zu bringen, die durch ihre Vergangenheit eine gesellschaftlicher für die wahren Interessen der Bürgerschaft ohne Nebeninteresse zu vertreten. Hoffentlich werde die ganze evangelische Bürgerschaft in Ausübung dieses Gedankens bei der Wahl ihre Stimme abgeben. Bei der Besprechung über die organische Eingliederung des Vereins in den evangelischen Arbeiterverein und den daraus für den Verein entstehenden Konsequenzen konnte ein bestimmter Bescheid nicht erreicht werden, da vom evangelischen Arbeiterverein eine Antwort auf den zustimmenden Beschluss des tagenden Vereins vom 7. d. M. betreffend Anschluss an den Hauptverein bisher nicht eingegangen. Kellerdieb. Im nördlichen Stadtteil ist es in der letzten Zeit sehr oft vorgekommen, dass den Leuten Fleisch, Butter, Getränke und sonstige Sachen aus den Kellern gestohlen worden sind, ohne dass es möglich war, die Diebe zu ermitteln. Gestern nachmittag wurden in 504 Quartierwirtschaften und 457 Wohnungen verifiziert. Bestrafungen wegen Unregelmäßigkeiten im Kostgängerwesen kamen im verflossenen Jahre 19 vor. Gefängnisse sind 2 mit 6 Zellen vorhanden. Männliche Gefangene kamen 186 mit 219 Gefängnis-Tage und weibliche Gefangene kamen 4 mit 6 Gefängnistagen des verflossenen Jahres vor. Seitens der königlichen Regierung in Arnsberg ist dem Schuldamsbewerber Herrn Hagemühle aus Aplerbeck eine Lehrerstelle an der hiesigen evangelischen Volksschule provisorisch übertragen worden. In der gestrigen Gemeinderatssitzung ist der Lehrer Halverscheid aus Iserlohn zum 2. Lehrer an der Rektoratschule gewählt. In der vor einigen Tagen in Essen stattgefundenen Geflügel-Ausstellung erhielten Preise: Von dem Geflügelverein Lütgendortmund Herr Dietrich Schulte für Andalusier einen 2. Preis und von dem Geflügelverein zu Dellwig-Holte Herr Heinrich Zimmermann einen 2. Preis auf bergische Kräher. Bövinghausen, 17. März. Seit vergangenen Sonntag ist die Dienstmagd Anna Kampmann, welche bei dem Landwirt Isbruch gen. Heymann hierselbst im Dienst steht, verschwunden. Ob der Kampmann ein Unglück zugestoßen hat, oder ob dieselbe böswillig den Dienst verlassen hat, konnte bisher nicht festgestellt werden. Ersteres ist jedoch um so wahrscheinlicher, da dieselbe an dem Tage des Verschwindens zur Kirche gegangen ist und der Herrschaft gegenüber die Absicht ausgesprochen hatte, noch auf dem Kirchengange Einkäufe zu besorgen. Annen, 18. März. Ein furchbares Unwetter mit sehr starkem Hagelschlag ging heute nachmittag gegen 4½ Uhr über unseren Ort nieder. Auf dem der rheinischen Eisenbahn am Wege nach Rüdinghausen stürzte durch den starken Sturm ein, im Bau begriffener fast fertig hergestellter Lager schuppen des Herrn Deilmann zu Löttringhausen auf welchem auch die Dachpfannen schon teilweise aufgelegt waren ein. Der Bauherr trifft dadurch einen ganz enormen Schaden. Das Holzgerüst wurde vollständig zerbrochen und unbrauchbar geworden. Soest, 17. März. Die beiden größten industriellen Werke hier am Ort, das Walzwerk von Bergenthal und die Nietenfabrik von Sternberg, haben schon jetzt sich entschlossen, ihren sämtlichen Arbeitern am Montag zur Jahrhundertfeier freizugeben, natürlich ohne Lohnabzug. — Vom 1. April ab beginnen hier die Wochenmärkte um 7 Uhr, die Gottesdienste um 9 Uhr morgens, eine Ordnung, die in der ersten Zeit etwas unbequem empfunden wird, da sie sich noch aus der Zeit hergeschrieben hat, als wir noch nicht die mitteleuropäische Zeit brauchten. Düsseldorf, 13. März. Ein Husar kam auf dem Turnplatz der Husarenkaserne beim Bockspringen zu Fall, brach das Rückgrat und starb tags darauf. Vom Rhein, 18. März. Der Abstich des "Rhein 227", Pfeil, 18. März. Der Abstich des "Neuen" ist bereits beendet. Wie der 93er so scheint auch der 96er wieder einen Vorzug an der Mittelmosel zu haben. Täglich treffen Käufer in Zeltingen ein wurde nun von einem Einwohner des Hauses Steinstraße Nr. 10b im Keller ein fremder Mensch dabei abgefangen, als er mit einem Nachschlüssel versuchte, die Kellerthüren zu öffnen. Der Spitzbube, welcher den Einwohner noch bedrohte, wurde der Polizei übergeben und hier als ein Schlossergeselle aus Eving festgestellt. Dortmund, 19. März. Aus Daressalam (Deutsch Ostafrika) wird uns mitgeteilt, dass Herr August Leoold, der Mitte August 1894 von hier abreiste, um eine Stelle als Geometer beim kaiserlichen Gouvernement in Daressalam anzutreten, am 31. März einen halbjährigen Heimatsurlaub antreten wird. Im Kaiser = Wilhelmshain werden große Vorbereitungen für die Feier am 22. d. M. getroffen. Über das Kaiserdenkmal wird sich ein Baldachin aus blauem Stoff spannen, an der Stelle, wo die Grundsteinlegung für das Kaiser Friedrich = Denkmal geschieht, wird ein Zelt errichtet; der Grundstein selbst ist schon zur Stelle gebracht. Man hat das Anerbieten eines Herrn aus Herdecke, der einen Stein von 3000 Kilogramm Gewicht gratis an Ort und Stelle liefern wollte, leider nicht annehmen können, da schon ein Stein bestellt war, den die Firma Schuchtermann u. Kremer stiftet. — Es wird sehr schöpfer Das Fest wird sich sehr schön gestalten, vorausgesetzt, dass das Wetter gut wird. Das spruchwortlich gewordene Kaiserwetter dürfte wohl auch am Tage der Feier des 100. Geburtstages des entschlafenen Kaisers nicht fehlen. Im Verkehrswesen. Wie wir hören, hat die hiesige Polizei = Verwaltung die Inbewohnung der sogenannten Taxameter = Droschlen dem Herrn Reitbahnbesitzer Wiechers vom 1. April dieses Jahres ab behördlich genehmigt. 55 Steuerliches. Die Kirchensteuern für das Rechnungsjahr 1897 96 für die evangelischen Kirchengemeinden sind nunmehr auch festgestellt und betragen für die Reinholdi = Gemeinde 35 Prozent, — gegen 30 Prozent im Vorjahre — bei der Petri = Nikolaus = Gemeinde wie bisher 40 Prozent und bei der Marien = Gemeinde wie bisher 25 Prozent. Dorstfeld 18. März. Der landwirtschaftliche Amtsverein hielt gestern nachmittag im Lokal des Wirt Ziegler eine gut besuchte Versammlung ab, in welcher der Landwirtschaftslehrer Gauger einen recht eingehenden Vortrag über das Genossenschaftswesen hielt. Lütgendortmund, 17 März. Im hiesigen Amt sind insgesamt 17 Schulen mit 51 Schulklassen, bezw. Schulärinnen besucht evangelische G versonen unterrichtet werden. Die Schatten sind 9 mit 88 Schulklassen vorzüglich und 7 Schulkinder besucht und von 27 ichts Schulen und dagegen 4, Pacher enden, die von 1236 Schulkinder unterrichtet werden. — Kostgänger sind im diesseitigen Amt 910 vorhanden, möglich genügend. Käufer in Hellingen ein und bieten annehmbare Preise, weil die Probe wider Erwarten feintönig und würzig ist. Die Gemarkung blieb auch von jeglicher Krankheit verschont und erzielte durch die späte Leese sehr reife, mostreiche Trauben. Der 95er ist bis auf einige Keller verkauft. Je nach der Lage werden für 96er 500 — 700 Mark erzielt, für bessere Keller wurden 800 Mark geboten. Aachen, 15. März. Ein raffinierter Schwindel ist in der Fastnachtswoche von einem jungen Manne aus Bank bei Kohlscheid, welcher in Köln ein Geschäft besaß, bei Herzogenrath verübt worden. Am Fastnachtstag = Dienstag hatte der genannte in Begleitung seines Schwagers und seiner Schwester bei Herzogenrath Verwandte besucht. Von dem Besuch kehrte er nicht mehr zurück; er fiel angeblich abends nach 11 Uhr in die damals angeschwollene Wurm und ertrank. Man suchte die Wurm nach der Leiche ab, und als sie nicht gefunden wurde, setzte die Verwandtschaft eine Belohnung auf die Auffindung der Leiche. Als die Hoffnung auf, die Auffindung neuer Suchen keinen Erfolg hatte, schöpfte man Verdacht und stellte in Köln Nachforschungen nach dem Verschollenen an; man erfuhr, daß der Verschollene in Köln Bankrott gemacht hatte und man mutmaßte weiter, daß er gefloren und die Nachricht von seinem erfunden sei, der Verschollene wollte seinen Ertrinken erfunden sei, der Verschollene wollte seinen Gläubigern entgehen und die Lebensversicherung um den versicherten Betrag bringen. Das ist ihm aber nicht gelungen. Der angeblich Ertrunkene ist inzwischen in Belgien ermittelt und verhaftet worden. Draht = Nachrichten. (Wolffs Telegraphen = Bureau.) Hamburg, 19. März. Wetterausichten für heute: Noch immer windig und veränderlich, Aufheiterung wechselt mit Trübung und Neigung zu Schauern. Berlin, 19. März. Reichstag. Am Bug. Am Bundesrats tische der Reichskanzler, Posadowsky und Hollmann. In der Hofloge Prinz Heinrich mit Gefolge. Der Antrag auf Einstellung des Klageverfahrens gegen den Abg. Simonis wird angenommen. Der Beratung des „König Wilhelm". Graf Posadowsky erklärte, die gestrigen Ausführungen Kardorffs betreffend Frankreich trafen nicht ganz. Frankreich als Staat sei reicher als wir. Er habe in der Kammer die finanzielle Lage eingehend geschildert. Auch wenn der Nachtragsetat genehmigt wurde, blieben noch 7 Millionen ungedeckt bei den Streichungen der Kommission. In kommenden Jahren werde es möglich sein, der Etat zu balanzieren, ohne Erhöhung der Matrikularbeiträge und nach den bisherigen Grundsätzen. Ganz ohne Erhöhung der Schulden würden wir aber überhaupt nicht auskommen, ohne erhebliche neue Steuern. Die gestrigen Ausführungen des Reichskanzlers und des Staatssekretärs v. Marschall und Hollmanns hätten die Marineforderungen als notwendig gekennzeichnet. Jeder möge die Kommissionsbeschlüsse genau nachprüfen. (Im Saale erscheint v. Bötticher und in der Hofloge Admiral v. Senden Bibran.) Abg. v. Vollmar (Sozialdem.) : So viel sei heute doch 19. März. Unter den 12 Passagieren des untergegangenen Dampfers „St. Nazaire befindet sich dem bei dieser Tiergattung, „fast durchsichtigen # # # Peutschen. „New York bringt heute Jahr, bestandene niederen Preisen zu suchen, Lein. Großvieh, und Ziegen untergegangenen Dampfer kein Wunder. „Neues Interview mit dem geretteten Befürchtung bestätigt, glückte sich auf 78 beläuft. * Kopenhagen, 18. März. Prinz Karl, Schwiegersohn des Prinzen von Wales, und Prinz Waldemar wohnten heute nachmittag einigen wissenschaftlichen Experimenten mit Pirrin = Säure bei. Durch einen Zufall explodiert plötzlich der mit Pikrin = Sprengstoff gefüllte Korven, wodurch der Experimentator die Seuche verbreitet ist. Einzig und allein liegt die und beide Prinzen das Gesicht verbrannt wurde. Alle Gefahr der Verbreitung der Seuche in dem Charakter und jedoch außer Gefahr. Kanea, 17. Ver. Vesobr geangstsche und taltensche) Hukadat = und u den mit der Krankheit verhundenen I. März. Französische und Raltenisuhe Inlubationsstudium. Selbst die beste. Veterinaraufsicht Ikliziers, „wurden ins griechische Lager gesandt, um vermag nicht derartige Vorkommnisse zu verhindern. seine Truppen einzuschiffen Mit Entschiedenheit muß die vielfach verbreitete Ansicht kreta in 86 Stunden zu räumen. zurückgewiesen werden, daß der hiesige Viebhof ein 3. März. Die Proklamation der Admirale Seuchenherd bilde und die stattgehabte Verseuchung Bevotterung wird erst morgen früh der Umgegend namentlich von den Fettviehmärkten erfahren, da hinter dem Passus von der ausgeht. Wer die Einrichtungen der hiesigen Anlage, Kanea, 18. März. an die kretische veröffentlicht werden, iten befreit sein. Die europäischen unbekannt sind, können bei derartigen Meinungen ver Truppen für Kreta sollen in folgender Weise verteilt werden: Die Franzosen besetzen Sitia und Spinelopa, die Engländer Kandia, die Russen Rethymo und die Deutschen berichte heißt es: Die Bank beteiligte sich außerdem nach Kanea kommen von jeder Nation an der Gründung der Hütten-Aktiengesellschaft vormals 300 Mann, mit Ausnahme der Franzosen, welche nur Karl von Born in Dortmund, welche mit einem 200 vorthin senden, obwohl sie die dortige französische Kapital von 1800000 M ausgestattet ist und das Mission und die Christen zu schützen haben, die sich früher unter der Firma Karl von Born in Dortmund unter den Schutz Frankreichs gestellt haben. Die betriebene Hohofenwerk übernommen hat. Die Gründung der Aktiengesellschaft geschah behufs Regulirung, welche nach Paris gesandt werden soll und die sich der finanziellen Verhältnisse des Werkes, welches in gegen die Besetzung Kandias durch die Engländer den letzten Jahren sehr erhebliche Mittel behufs technischer allein richtet. Kandia sei die Zentralstelle, die für die technische Vervollkommnung seiner Anlagen in Anspruch telegraphische Verbindung mit Frankreich allein genommen hat. Gegenwärtig arbeitet das Werk mittelfristig und sei außerdem der Hauptmarkt für recht günstigen Ergebnissen. — Der Bankverein zahlt # den Handel mit Öl, Wein, Korallen, Zitronen, Getreide = ] für das abgelaufene Jahr 7½ Proz. Dividende. Treffen. Fast alle Handelstreibenden auf Kreta sind in Berlin, 19. März. Produktenbörse. Weizen lokol — Franzosen. (Mai 165, Juli —, Roggen lokol 117, Mai 121,75 Konstantinopel, 18. März. Eine große Versammlung der Minister, der ehemaligen Minister und Beamten; —. Rüböl Mai 54,90, September —, Spiritus Mai sowie hoher Beamten soll nach dem „Yildis Kiosk be = 43,90, Juli 44,40. rufen werden, um einen neuen Entwurf des Sultans; „Weizen schwach, Roggen behauptet, Hafer matt für die Verwaltung des türkischen Reiches zu beraten. sind Konstantinopel, 19. März. Heute nachmittag 10 Torpedojäger und 4 Torpedoboote mit dem Ruböl leblos, Spiritus still. Rubelnoten 216,15. London, 18. März. Kupfer ruhig, 49 Pfd. St 15 sh., 8 Mt. 50 Pfd. St. 8 sh 9., Makler = Schluß Dampfer „Ismia" als Depotschiff ausgelaufen. Der Preis 50 Pfd. St. 1 sh. 3., best selected 58 Pfd. St. # Rest soll am Sonnabend in See gehen. Zinn fest, Straits 59 Pfd. St. 8 sh. 9., 3 Mt. Algier, 18. März. Der Großfürst = Thronfolger ist 60 Pfd. St. 2 sh. 6., engl. 64 Pfd. St. 5 sh. Blei an Bord seiner Jacht in strengstem Inkognito hier ruhig, span. 11 Pfd. St. 10 sh., engl. 11 Pfd. St. 12 sh eingetroffen. 16 d. Zink ruhig, gewöhnl. Marken 17 Pfd. St. 3 sh. Kapstadt, 18. März. Die in Bloemfontein ab = 9., bessere Marken 17 Pfd. St. 6 sh. 3., gewalz gehaltene Konferenz, welche einen engeren Zusammen = schles. 20 Pfd. St. Schluß zwischen der südafrikanischen Republik und dem „Glasgow, 18. März. (Schluß.) Roheisen. Mixed Oranje = Freistaat bewirkte, hat sich für eine Föderation numbers warrants 45 sh. — d. Warrants Middles zwischen beiden Staaten entschieden. Das Blatt fügt borough III. 89 sh. 11 d. hinzu, die Meldung bedürfe der Bestätigung. Kunst. Heimann & Kompl., Westenhell (Hirsch Telegraphen = Bureau.). Die Firma N. * Antwerpen, 19. März. Der wallonische Student = ga. “Vex: g6 # # g in & Kompl. Tenverein der Antwerpener Handelsschule hatte gestern Nr. 45 hier, zum Zwecke der Ausstellung von Sympathie für Griechenland organisiert, einen Geschäftsraum erbaut, der in seiner Einrichtung. Ein Professor hielt zuerst im großen Hörsaal, in welchem reizvolle Ausstattung und seiner reichen, dabei der Schule einen Vortrag über die Orientfrage. Als harmonischen Gesamtwirkung wohl einzig dasteht, dann ergriffen der Abg. Lorand und mehrere Studenten. Die Wände dieses, sich dem Verkaufslokale anschließenden, das Wort. Mit Begeisterung der ungeheuren, durch Oberlicht beleuchteten Räume fassend, nahm man eine Tagesordnung an, worin man machtige Spiegel, welche durch je 2, prachtig modelliert, Wünsche für die Befreiung Kretas ausdrückte. Ein weibliches Figuren als Lichthalter flankiert sind. Vier griechische Studenten dankten für die Ovation; als vom Maler Hans Lassen in Düsseldorf gemaltes Bild und vier griechische Frauen, die dem griechischen Konsulat. Bedeutung - Ornamente, zum Teil echt verarbeitet, dann formierte man einen Zug mit einem Musikkorps, versinnbildlichen die vier Jahreszeiten. Eine griechische Sängerin an den Union und frei schwebende, nun griechischen Konsul, fand reiche Aufmerksamkeit. In der Stadt verursachte diese Kundgebung große Szenen, die weiteren Flächen dieses Raumes, der sich als einzig Sensation. Man sang griechische Lieder und rief; eine beachtenswerte „Leistung künstlerischen Könnens. Hoch Griechenland! Hoch Kreta! Der griechische Konsul und künstlerischen Maßhaltens, als ein wirkliches sul Metezas erschien unter Begleitung seiner Sekretärin, am Fenster und hielt unter großem Beifall eine Rede an die studentische Schule. Alsdann entrollte man, die Dach des Tempels ist der Architekt Marx hier. Die Besichtigung ist jedem bereitwilligst gestattet. Clara Ziegler (Thusnelda — Fechter von Navenna). Über 30 Jahre sind verflossen, seit Halm für die große Rettich, die Rolle der Thusnelda schuf. Aber der „Fechter von Ravenna“ ist nicht sogleich mit seinen einer der Sekretär einer griechischen Fahne; die Musik spielte die griechische Hymne. Unter den Klängen der belgischen Hymne zog der Zug wieder ab. London, 19. März. Sir Harcourt erklärte, dass die Broschüre Gladstones über die Freiheitskämpfe Kretas heute erscheinen werde. |
US-201515519720-A_1 | USPTO | Public Domain | Method for producing a seat cover and seat cover
ABSTRACT
A method produces a seat cover ( 2 ), which seat cover includes at least one body contact surface ( 7, 9 ) and seat cushion side surfaces ( 8.1, 8.2, 10.1, 10.2 ) which are adjacent thereto. A receiving element ( 4 ) is arranged in the region of the blank part ( 3.1, 3.2 ) on a raw material ( 1 ) prior to cutting a blank part ( 3.1, 3.2 ) for the seat cover ( 2 ), and is secured. The at least on body contact surface ( 7, 9 ) and the adjacent seat cushion side surfaces ( 8.1, 8.2, 10.1, 10.2 ) are cut from a raw material ( 1 ) as a single-piece blank part ( 3.1, 3.2 ) and are processed to form a seat cover ( 2 ).
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a United States National Phase Application of International Application PCT/EP2015/072218, filed Sep. 28, 2015, and claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 of German Application 10 2014 221 161.1, filed Oct. 17, 2014, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a method for producing a seat cover which comprises at least one body contact surface and adjoining side cheek surfaces. Furthermore, the invention relates to a seat cover for a seat, in particular a vehicle seat.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Methods for producing a seat cover, and seat covers, are generally known from the prior art. U.S. Pat. No. 3,841,700 describes a kit for producing seat covers of front and rear seats or for a backrest and a seat part. Here, semifinished products are pre-sewn which have webs made from different materials for the seat face, side/cover face and the rear side. Said pre-sewn semifinished products are subsequently trimmed and finally sewn in accordance with the specific seat dimensions by means of a predefined cutting sequence.
After laminating, usually a flame laminating process, materials which are provided for a seat cover are wound onto what are known as reels, are packaged and are subsequently dispatched to a trimming unit. At the trimming unit, said materials are cut into the required parts by way of a cutter and are fed to a sewing process.
Furthermore, US 2008/0309143 A1 describes a vehicle seat which has a foamed seat cushion, a flexible cover which forms a surface of the vehicle seat at least partially, and an elastic spacer element.
Moreover, WO 02/052899 A1 describes a panel heating means and a method for producing it, DE 198 47 331 A1 describes a method for attaching fastening elements to a knitted seat cover, FR 2 816 185 A1 describes a method for covering a seat cushion, WO 94/18033 A1 describes an airbag, DE 196 49 427 C1 describes a seat covering, DE 10 2011 016 843 A1 describes a method for producing a vehicle interior trim part, and DE 86 29 570 U describes a cushion covering made from knitted fabric.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention is based on the object of specifying a method for producing a seat cover, which method is improved in comparison with the prior art, and an improved seat cover.
In the case of the method, a seat cover is produced which comprises at least one body contact surface and side cheek surfaces which adjoin it. According to the invention, before a blank part for the seat cover is cut, at least one receiving element is arranged and fastened on a raw material in the region of the blank part which is still to be cut.
Moreover, the at least one body contact surface and the adjoining side cheek surface are cut to size from the raw material as a single-piece blank part with the at least one receiving element, which blank part forms the seat cover.
By way of the pre-processing of the raw material by way of fastening at least one contour-giving receiving element to the raw material, the production method for seat covers can be automated further and manual processing steps can be reduced. In particular, manual sewing work can be reduced by more than 30%. Furthermore, waste which is produced when the blank parts are cut to size can be reduced considerably. For instance, the waste can be reduced by approximately 40% when a single-piece blank part for a seat cover for the backrest or the seat face of a seat, in particular of a vehicle seat, is cut. Here, the savings vary depending on the material which is used and the design of the seat cover. The overall production process and transport sequences are optimized by way of the further automation and processing by machine of the raw material for producing the seat cover.
In order to make the production process even more efficient, the raw material might be guided into a sewing system for fastening the receiving element by machine directly after the laminating operation, using a material buffer, and afterward might either be rolled up together or might be guided directly further for cutting to size and cutting of the single-piece blank part with a receiving element which has already been fastened.
Moreover, the invention is based on the advantage that an offset of the pattern or design between the individual separate blank parts in the prior art, which offset occurs, for example, as a consequence of during the inkjet printing, is avoided reliably in the case of the single-piece blank part according to the invention for the seat cover.
If a blank part is produced by means of cutting, a defined part of the raw material is what is known as waste in a manner which is related to the process, which waste is usually not required for further production of the seat cover. By means of the single-piece blank part according to the method for a seat cover, a number of operating steps to be carried out, in particular cuts to size to be carried out on the raw material, is reduced significantly. Therefore, considerably less waste arises in comparison with the prior art, a particularly high cost saving and less complicated processing being achieved in an advantageous way.
One development of the method provides that a seat face-side body contact surface and two seat face-side side cheek surfaces are cut to size as a single-piece seat face blank part. Therefore, the number of cuts to size to be carried out on the raw material for a seat face (also called a seat face-side seat cover) for the production of a seat cover is reduced significantly in comparison with the prior art, with the result that the waste is considerably lower.
In another development of the method, a backrest-side body contact surface and two backrest-side side cheek surfaces are cut to size as a single-piece backrest blank part. Therefore, the number of cuts to size to be carried out on the raw material for a backrest (also called a backrest-side seat cover) for the production of a seat cover is reduced significantly in comparison with the prior art, with the result that the waste is considerably lower.
In a further embodiment, before the single-piece blank part is cut to size, the receiving element is arranged and fastened on the raw material in a transition region between the body contact surface and the respective side cheek surface. There is a receptacle for an insert by means of the receiving element which has already been fastened to the raw material, which insert serves to configure and support a contour of the seat cover. In contrast to the prior art, manual fastening of the receiving element to the blank parts which have already been cut in a trimming unit is dispensed with. The processing of the single-piece blank part in the trimming unit is simplified by way of the pre-fixing by machine on the raw material, as a result of which a further cost saving is achievable.
One refinement of the method provides that a continuous tube for receiving an insert, in particular a tubular element, is fastened as a receiving element to the raw material. The receiving element with the insert, in particular a rod-shaped or tubular element, serves to contour the seat cover in the interface region or separating region between the body contact surface and the respective side cheek surface and to fix the seat cover on a foam part or a seat cushion part of a seat, in particular of a vehicle seat, with the result that a movement or slipping of the seat cover is prevented. By means of the receiving element, in particular the continuous tube, the insert, for example a tubular element, can be arranged on the seat cover and optimum securing of the insert on the seat cover is ensured.
As an alternative or in addition, the receiving element is provided for receiving an insert which has a shape which differs from the tubular or rod shape.
In a further refinement of the method according to the invention, a segmented tube for receiving the insert is fastened as a receiving element to the raw material. A material requirement for the receiving element is minimized in an advantageous and simple way by means of segmentation.
Another development provides that the receiving element is arranged and fastened on, in particular sewn to, the raw material by means of a computer-controlled machine, in particular what is known as a CNC machine. By means of the arrangement and fastening of the receiving element on the raw material by machine, the number of manual operating steps is reduced.
In a further refinement, the receiving element is fastened to the raw material by means of a sewing machine. To this end, the receiving element is fastened to the raw material by means of what is known as an open seam, in the case of which, in contrast to a closed seam, a sewing thread is visible on the outer surface side on the finished seat cover. On account of the mechanical fastening of the receiving element to the seat cover by means of a sewing machine, a permanent connection which is gentle on material is produced, in contrast with, for example, the known conventional hot melt adhesive connection. In other words: the open seam is provided, in order to configure the usual division between the body contact surface and the side cheek surfaces in a visually discernible manner. Here, colors of the sewing thread which are visually discernible and pleasant can be used in an advantageous way.
A seat cover, produced in accordance with the method according to the invention, can be produced in an advantageous way by means of a reduced number of operating steps in comparison with the prior art, as a result of which a significant cost saving can be achieved. The seat cover is suitable, in particular, for a vehicle seat which has laterally formed side cheeks in the seat face and in the backrest.
Exemplary embodiments of the invention will be explained in greater detail using drawings. The various features of novelty which characterize the invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this disclosure. For a better understanding of the invention, its operating advantages and specific objects attained by its uses, reference is made to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which preferred embodiments of the invention are illustrated.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic plan view of a raw material for seat cover production with markings for a plurality of single-piece blank parts with receiving elements which have already been fastened to them;
FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic plan view of a plurality of blank parts of a multiple-piece seat face seat cover in accordance with the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic plan view of one exemplary embodiment of a single-piece seat face blank part;
FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic plan view of a plurality of blank parts of a multiple-piece backrest seat cover in accordance with the prior art;
FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic view of one exemplary embodiment of a single-piece backrest blank part;
FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic plan view of one exemplary embodiment of a single-piece seat face blank part with a fastened receiving element;
FIG. 7 is a diagrammatic plan view of one exemplary embodiment of a single-piece seat face blank part with a further exemplary embodiment for a fastened receiving element;
FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic view showing one exemplary embodiment for a flow chart of a production process for seat covers; and
FIG. 9 is a diagrammatic view showing one exemplary embodiment for a flow chart of a production process for seat covers.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to the drawings, parts which correspond to one another are provided with the same designations in all figures.
FIG. 1 shows one possible exemplary embodiment of a raw material 1 which is provided for producing a seat cover 2 (shown in greater detail in the following figures). The raw material 1 is a textile, for example a cloth, and is configured in the form of what is known as a cloth web which has a defined width and a defined length. As an alternative, the raw material 1 is a leather or another material which is suitable as a seat cover 2.
The web-shaped raw material 1 is provided with markings in the form of lines L1 to L4 for a plurality of single-piece seat face blank parts 3.1 of a plurality of seat covers 2. FIG. 1 shows that surface side of the raw material 1 which, in the case of the respective seat cover 2, forms its underside, by way of which the seat cover 2 bears against a carrier, in particular a foam body or another cushion element.
The lines L1 to L4 which are shown are respective markings for a single-piece seat face blank part 3.1 of the seat cover 2, which markings depict a predefined cutting sequence, in order to realize specific seat contours and seat dimensions by means of cutting to size by machine or manually.
A region of the raw material 1 which is situated on the outside around the lines L1 to L4 is not used during the further production of the seat cover 2 and is called waste 6. The lines L1 to L4 can be applied, for example, graphically on the raw material 1 by means of a stencil and a drawing element. As an alternative, if the seat face blank parts 3.1 are cut out in a computer-controlled manner, the lines L1 to L4 are not applied on the raw material 1, since they are generated on the software side in a digitized manner.
In exemplary embodiments which are not shown, the lines L1 to L4 are markings for blank parts of other shapes, in particular for backrest blank parts 3.2, as shown in FIG. 5.
At least one receiving element 4 is arranged and fastened on the raw material 1 on the surface side which forms the underside of the seat cover 2, in the region of the respectively marked single-piece seat face blank part 3.1.
In one possible embodiment, before the respective single-piece seat face blank part 3.1 is cut to size from the raw material 1, the receiving element 4 is fastened mechanically to the raw material 1, in particular is sewn to the raw material 1. Here, the receiving element 4 is fastened to the raw material 1 by means of a sewing machine using what is known as an open seam 5.
The receiving element 4 serves as a receptacle for an insert 11 (shown in FIGS. 6 and 7) or an element which is such that it gives a contour to the seat cover 2. The insert 11 is held and fixed on the seat cover 2 by means of the receiving element 4. The receiving element 4 is formed, for example, from plastic or another flexible and sufficiently stable material.
The receiving element 4 is arranged and fastened on the inner side or underside of the seat cover 2 and therefore on that surface side of the seat cover 2 which lies opposite the use side. The receiving element 4 protrudes in the manner of a tubular bead from the underside of the seat cover 2. By means of the receiving element 4 on its own and/or together with the insert 11 which is arranged and held therein, the seat cover 2 is held in the mounted state in a positionally correct manner on a carrier or cushion element of a vehicle seat and is fixed in a manner which is largely secured against slipping.
FIG. 2 shows a seat face-side body contact surface 7 and two seat face-side side cheek surfaces 8.1, 8.2 of the seat cover 2 in accordance with the prior art. The seat face-side body contact surface 7 and the two seat face-side side cheek surfaces 8.1, 8.2 are cut out separately and are connected to one another, in particular sewn together, in a further operating step in a trimming unit, the receiving element 4 (not shown here) being arranged, in contrast to the exemplary embodiment which is shown in FIG. 1, on a joining seam which results therefrom, and being fastened by means of said joining seam.
FIG. 3 shows one exemplary embodiment of a single-piece seat face blank part 3.1 for a seat face of a vehicle seat. FIG. 3 shows the single-piece seat face blank part 3.1 in a plan view of the upper side which is visually discernible for a user of the seat.
Here, the single-piece seat face blank part 3.1 comprises a seat face-side body contact surface 7 and two adjoining seat face-side side cheek surfaces 8.1, 8.2, and the seam 5 which is visually discernible from outside. In contrast to FIG. 2, the seat face-side body contact surface 7 and the two seat face-side side cheek surfaces 8.1, 8.2 are cut out in one piece as a common seat face blank part 3.1.
As an alternative, the seam 5 can be merely a decorative seam which is introduced into the raw material 1 in the interface or dividing region between the body contact surface 7 and the respective adjoining side cheek surface 8.1 and 8.2. In this case, the receiving element 4 is fastened to the raw material 1 in another suitable way, for example is connected to it in an integrally joined manner, in particular is adhesively bonded, on the underside of said raw material 1.
FIG. 4 shows a backrest-side body contact surface 9 and two adjoining backrest-side side cheek surfaces 10.1, 10.2 of the seat cover 2 in accordance with the prior art. The backrest-side body contact surface 9 and the two backrest-side side cheek surfaces 10.1, 10.2 are cut out separately and are connected to one another in the further operating step, in particular are sewn together by means of a joining seam.
FIG. 5 shows one exemplary embodiment of a single-piece backrest blank part 3.2 for a backrest of the vehicle seat. FIG. 5 shows the single-piece backrest blank part 3.2 with the seam 5 in a plan view of the upper side which is visually discernible for a user of the seat with a fitted seat cover 2.
Here, the single-piece backrest blank part 3.2 comprises a backrest-side body contact surface 9 and two adjoining backrest-side side cheek surfaces 10.1, 10.2 which are separated visually from one another by means of the seam 5, but are not joined by means of said seam 5. In contrast to FIG. 4, the backrest-side body contact surface 9 and the two backrest-side side cheek surfaces 10.1, 10.2 are cut out in one piece as a common backrest blank part 3.2.
FIG. 6 shows one exemplary embodiment for an underside of a single-piece seat face blank part 3.1 with a fastened receiving element 4 which is configured as a continuous tube for receiving an insert 11, for example a tubular element. The receiving element 4 is arranged and fastened on the seat face blank part 3.1 by means of the seam 5 and extends over a predefined region which is configured in accordance with the contour of the finished vehicle seat. Here, the seam 5 can serve on the outer side as a contour-giving decorative seam of the seat cover 2.
The insert 11 extends along the receiving element 4 and is formed, for example, as a tube or rod made from plastic or metal. The receiving element 4 which protrudes from the underside with the insert 11 imparts to the seat cover 2 the contour at the transitions between the body contact surface 7 and the side cheek surfaces 8.1, 8.2 and, in addition, serves to secure and fix the seat cover 2 on a carrier, in particular on a foam part or a seat cushion part of the vehicle seat, in a positionally correct manner and such that it is secured substantially against slipping, with the result that a displacement or sliding of the seat cover 2 is at least reduced or is prevented.
FIG. 7 shows a second exemplary embodiment of the receiving element 4. In contrast to FIG. 6, said receiving element 4 is of segmented configuration.
The pre-sewing of components, such as the receiving element 4, to the raw material 1 before the cutting to size process reduces the production process and the manual work considerably in comparison with conventional production methods. Furthermore, the cutting to size operation can already be carried out briefly after the laminating operation has ended, with the result that the single-piece blank parts 3.1, 3.2 which are produced can be fed to further process steps and process locations, without it being necessary for the waste which arises during the cutting to size process to be transported.
FIGS. 8 and 9 in each case show one exemplary embodiment for a flow chart of a production process for the above-described seat covers 2 with prefixed receiving elements 4.
In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 8, the raw material 1 which is provided for a seat cover 2 is finished, in particular coated, in a first step S1. The raw material 1 is usually fed to the process in endless webs. The raw material 1 is a textile, in particular a woven fabric, a cloth or leather. In the step S1, the raw material 1 is finished, for example by means of a laminating or coating process, preferably a flame laminating process.
In a following optional second step S2, the raw material 1 is wound onto what are known as reels.
As an alternative, the raw material 1 can be pre-sewn in a third step S3 after the laminating or coating in the step S1. For the case where the pre-sewing is carried out at a location which is remote from the laminating or coating, the laminated or coated raw material 1 is wound onto reels in the step S2 for transport to the next process step.
In a following third step S3, as described above using FIGS. 1, 6 and 7, the raw material 1 is provided with receiving elements 4 (also called fastening elements) on the surface side which forms the underside of the seat cover 2, which receiving elements 4 are sewn and fastened to the raw material 1 in one or more sewing steps by means of seams 5 in a fully automatic manner, for example by means of computer-controlled sewing machines. Here, the receiving elements 4 are sewn to the raw material 1 by means of the seams 5 in such a way that said seams 5 serve firstly for fastening and secondly as a decorative seam on the outer side or upper side of the finished seat cover 2.
As an alternative, the receiving elements 4 can be fastened fully automatically by means of another connecting type, for example can be riveted or connected in an integrally joined manner. In an analogous manner to the seam 5, the rivets serve to fasten the receiving elements 4 to the underside of the finished seat cover 2 and as decorative rivets on the upper side or outer side. The inserts 11 are optionally introduced into the fastened receiving elements 4.
Depending on the location of the respective production method, the raw material 1 which is provided with the fastened receiving elements 4 can be wound onto reels again for transport to the next location (in an analogous manner to the step S2).
The raw material 1 which is provided with the receiving elements 4 and is pre-sewn by machine is subsequently fed in a fourth step S4 to a cutting process, for example in what is known as a trimming unit, in which the above-described single-piece seat face blank parts 3.1 and/or the single-piece backrest blank parts 3.2 are cut from the raw material 1 by means of a cutting tool, for example what is known as a cutter.
After the cutting process in the step S4 in a trimming unit, the cut single-piece seat face blank parts 3.1 and/or the single-piece backrest blank parts 3.2 are optionally packed and fed to a sewing factory or a manufacturing factory for seats, in particular vehicle seats, and are processed there to produce seat covers 2 for vehicle seats.
The sequence of the production method according to FIG. 9 is substantially identical as far as the step S4. FIG. 9 shows the sewing process for producing seat covers 2 in a further step S5.
Here, in addition to the single-piece seat face blank parts 3.1 and/or the single-piece backrest blank parts 3.2 with receiving elements 4 which are sewn on from step S4, further required parts which are to be sewn are fed to the step S5 from another cutting process of a step S4.1.
Depending on the type and design of the seat cover 2 to be manufactured, the single-piece seat face blank parts 3.1 and/or the single-piece backrest blank parts 3.2 and/or the further required parts can be fed in a step S5.1 to additional fully automatic processing operations, such as embossing, high frequency welding or further pre-sewing.
In the actual step S5 (the sewing process for finishing of the seat cover 2), the pre-sewn and/or pre-processed single-piece seat face blank parts 3.1 and/or the single-piece backrest blank parts 3.2 and/or the further required parts are then crafted to form the respective seat cover 2 in a plurality of sewing steps which are carried out semiautomatically and/or manually.
Said seat cover 2 is then packaged in an optional step S6 for further transport to a remote production location or is processed further directly in a manufacturing plant for vehicle seats.
While specific embodiments of the invention have been shown and described in detail to illustrate the application of the principles of the invention, it will be understood that the invention may be embodied otherwise without departing from such principles.
1. A method for producing a seat cover which comprises at least one body contact surface and adjoining side cheek surfaces, the method comprising the steps of: providing a raw material for the seat cover from which a blank part is to be cut; before the blank part for the seat cover is cut, arranging at least one receiving element and fastening the at least one receiving element on the raw material in the region of the blank part to be cut.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one body contact surface and the adjoining side cheek surfaces are cut to size from the raw material such that the blank part is a single-piece blank part for the seat cover.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein a seat face-side body contact surface and two seat face-side side cheek surfaces are cut to size from the raw material such that the blank part is a single-piece blank part for the seat cover.
4. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein a backrest-side body contact surface and two backrest-side side cheek surfaces are cut to size from the raw material such that the blank part is a single-piece backrest blank part.
5. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein, before the single-piece blank part is cut to size, the receiving element is arranged and fastened on the raw material in a transition region between the body contact surface and the adjoining side cheek surface.
6. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein a continuous tube for receiving an insert is fastened as the receiving element to the raw material.
7. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein a segmented tube for receiving an insert is fastened as the receiving element to the raw material.
8. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the receiving element is arranged and fastened on the raw material by means of a computer-controlled machine.
9. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the receiving element is sewn onto the raw material by means of a sewing machine.
10. A seat cover comprising: at least one body contact surface; and adjoining side cheek surfaces, wherein the seat cover is formed by a method comprising the steps of: providing a raw material for the seat cover from which a blank part is to be cut; before the blank part for the seat cover is cut, arranging at least one receiving element on the raw material in a region of the blank part to be cut and fastening the at least one receiving element on the raw material in the region of the blank part to be cut.
11. The seat cover as claimed in claim 10, further comprising cutting the blank part to size from the raw material as a single-piece blank part for the seat cover including the at least one body contact surface and the adjoining side cheek surfaces that are cut to size from the raw material.
12. The seat cover as claimed in claim 11, wherein the at least one body contact surface comprises a seat face-side body contact surface and the adjoining side cheek surfaces comprise two seat face-side side cheek.
13. The seat cover as claimed in claim 12, wherein the at least one body contact surface further comprises a backrest-side body contact surface.
14. The seat cover as claimed in claim 11, wherein, before the single-piece blank part is cut to size, the receiving element is arranged and fastened on the raw material in a transition region between the body contact surface and the adjoining side cheek surface.
15. The seat cover as claimed in claim 11, wherein a continuous tube for receiving an insert is fastened as the receiving element to the raw material.
16. The seat cover as claimed in claim 11, wherein a segmented tube for receiving an insert is fastened as the receiving element to the raw material.
17. The seat cover as claimed in claim 11, wherein the receiving element is arranged and fastened on the raw material by means of a computer-controlled machine.
18. The seat cover as claimed in claim 17, further comprising sewing the receiving element onto the raw material with a sewing machine.
19. A method for producing a seat cover, the method comprising the steps of: providing a raw material for the seat cover from which a blank part is to be cut; arranging at least one receiving element on the raw material in a region of the blank part to be cut; fastening the arranged receiving element on the raw material in the region of the blank part to be cut; cutting the blank part, with the fastened receiving element, to size from the raw material as a single-piece blank part for the seat cover with the single-piece blank part including at least one body contact surface and the adjoining side cheek surfaces that are cut to size from the raw material.
20. The method for producing a seat cover as claimed in claim 19, wherein the at least one body contact surface comprises a seat face-side body contact surface a backrest-side body contact surface and the adjoining side cheek surfaces comprise two seat face-side side cheek surfaces..
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github_open_source_100_8_20029 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | import IIcon from './IIcon.vue'
import EntryIcon from './EntryItem/EntryIcon.vue'
import EntryLink from './EntryLink.vue'
import EntryItem from './EntryItem'
import EntryList from './EntryList.vue'
import PathBar from './PathBar.vue'
import ErrorView from './ErrorView.vue'
import DialogView from './DialogView.vue'
import FloatButton from './FloatButton.vue'
import SimpleButton from './SimpleButton.vue'
import SimpleFormItem from './Form/FormItem.vue'
import SimpleForm from './Form'
import SimpleDropdown from './SimpleDropdown'
import ProgressBar from './ProgressBar.vue'
const components = {
IIcon, SimpleButton, SimpleForm, SimpleFormItem, SimpleDropdown,
EntryIcon, EntryLink, EntryList, EntryItem,
PathBar, ErrorView, DialogView, FloatButton, ProgressBar
}
export default {
install (Vue) {
Object.keys(components).forEach(key => {
Vue.component(key, components[key])
})
}
}
|
github_open_source_100_8_20030 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | import * as humps from 'humps';
import { Builder } from './Builder';
const getDllName = (builder: Builder) => {
const dllName = `vendor_${humps.camelize(
builder.require('./package.json').name + '-' + (builder.parent ? builder.parent.name : builder.name)
)}`;
return dllName;
};
export default getDllName;
|
github_open_source_100_8_20031 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | <template>
<div class="app-container">
<el-row :gutter="20">
<el-col :span="6" :xs="24">
<leftTree @getRole="setRole"/>
</el-col>
<el-col :span="18" :xs="24">
<treeMain :getRoleId="roleId" :getRoleName="roleName"/>
</el-col>
</el-row>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import { leftTree,treeMain } from './components'
export default {
name: 'RoleMgr',
components: {
leftTree,
treeMain
},
data() {
return {
roleId: undefined,
roleName: undefined
}
},
methods: {
setRole(org) {
this.roleId = org.id
this.roleName = org.text
}
}
}
</script>
|
886823_1 | Wikipedia | CC-By-SA | I’ll Be There for You on yhdysvaltalaisen hard rock -yhtye Bon Jovin kappale vuonna 1988 ilmestyneeltä New Jersey -albumilta. Singlenä se julkaistiin vuonna 1989. Kappaleen ovat kirjoittaneet yhtyeen laulaja Jon Bon Jovi ja kitaristi Richie Sambora. Ilmestymisvuonnaan single saavutti ensimmäisen sijan The Billboard Hot 100 -singlelistalla ja sijoittui viidenneksi Mainstream Rock Tracks -listalla.
Kappaleesta on kuvattu myös musiikkivideo, jossa yhtye esiintyy lähes pimeällä, varjoisalla esiintymislavalla, minkä jälkeen videolla on keikkatallennetta Wembley Arenalta, Lontoosta.
Singlen korkein listasijoitus oli numero 1 Yhdysvalloissa ja matalin 67. sija Saksassa.
Kokoonpano
Jon Bon Jovi – laulu
Richie Sambora – kitara
Alec John Such – bassokitara
David Bryan – koskettimet
Tico Torres – rummut
Bon Jovin kappaleet
Vuoden 1988 kappaleet
Yhdysvaltain singlelistan ykköset.
|
US-47272404-A_2 | USPTO | Public Domain | Expression of the EHBsAg-S-16EE7T genes was tested by immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis of transiently transfected cells. The plasmids pIN-EHBsAg-S-16EE7T and pIN-EHBsAg-S-16EE7T?l were transfected separately into eukaryotic cell lines of mouse (C-26), monkey (Vero 2-2), and human (HeLa) origin using Effecten™ (Qiagen) or FuGene™ (Roche). At different times of expression (24 and 48 h) the cells were fixed with paraformaldehyde and processed for immunofluorescence (FIG. 10) or lysed in SDS loading buffer and analyzed by Western blot. In both cases the EHBsAg-S-16EE7T proteins were detected using mouse monoclonal antibodies specific for HBsAg-S (Aldevron) and anti-flag antibodies (M2 mAb, Sigma) (FIG. 11).
3. Immunization of Mice with Synthetic EHBsAg-S-16EE7T Fusion Genes
Immunogenicity of the EHBsAg-S-16EE7T fusion protein was tested in BALB/c mice. On day 0, eight groups of three mice (10–12 weeks old, females) were inoculated with 10⁴ infectious units of herpes simplex amplicon expressing EHBsAg-S-16EE7T in 40 μl of buffer TN (50 mM Tris-HCl pH7.4, 100 mM NaCl, 0.5 mM EDTA) either subcutaneously (dorsal, close to the head), intramuscularly (Tibialis anterior muscle) or both subcutaneously and intramuscularly. A second dose was administered to all groups on day 15.
All mice were bled at days 15 and 25. Serum antibody responses to EHBsAg-S-16EE7T were measured by EIA. Nunc 96-multiwell plates were coated with recombinant HBsAg-S protein by incubating 0.1 ml/well for 2 h at 37° C. of a 10 μg/ml in 4M urea in 50 mM carbonate buffer pH 9.5. The buffer was aspirated and the plates incubated at 37° C. for 1 h with 0.2 ml/well of 1 mg/ml of casein in PBS pH 7.2. The plates were then washed six times with PBS pH 7.2, 0.5% (v/v) Tween 20. Test sera, diluted in PBS pH 7.2, 0.5% (v/v) Tween 20, 1 mg/ml of casein, were added and the plates incubated for 1 h at 37° C. The plates were then washed six times with PBS pH 7.2, 0.5% (v/v) Tween 20. Bound antibody was detected by adding 0.1 ml/well of 0.1 μg/ml of horseradish peroxidase labelled goat anti-mouse IgG+IgM in PBS pH 7.2, 0.5% (v/v) Tween 20, 1 mg/ml of casein. The plates were incubated for 1 h at 20° C., washed six times with PBS pH 7.2, 0.5% (v/v) Tween 20, a nd incubated for 10 min with 0.1 ml of enzyme substrate (3,3′,5, 5′-tetramethylbenzidine/H₂O₂). The reaction was stopped by addition of 50 μl of 0.5 M H₂SO₄. Color was measured at 450 nm in a plate reader (FIG. 12).
1. A DNA sequence encoding an E7 fusion protein of HPV, wherein said DNA sequence is characterized by a combination of the following features: (a) at least 20% of the original codons are exchanged by codons which lead to an enhanced translation in a mammalian cell; (b) it contains a mutation resulting in the production of a truncated non-functional protein; and (c) it encodes a fusion partner which is an immunogenic polypeptide capable of enhancing the immunogenicity of the E7 protein in the mammalian host; wherein said DNA sequence comprises the coding region of the DNA sequence as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 9 including the Flag-tag or not.
2. The DNA sequence of claim 1, wherein at least 50% of the original codons are replaced by codons which lead to an enhanced translation in a mammalian cell.
3. The DNA sequence of claim 1, wherein the mutation is a frame-shift point mutation leading to premature stop of translation.
4. The DNA sequence of claim 1, wherein the fusion partner is HbsAg or an immunogenic part thereof.
5. The DNA sequence of claim 1, wherein the DNA sequence includes a Flag-tag.
6. The DNA sequence of claim 1, wherein the DNA sequence does not include a Flag-tag.
7. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a DNA sequence according to claim
1. 8. An expression vector containing a DNA sequence of claim
1. 9. The expression vector of claim 8, which is a plasmid or a recombinant virus.
10. The expression vector of claim 9, wherein the plasmid or recombinant virus is pIRES-Neo2, pTet-On, pHSVPUC, an HSV amplicon or a SFV vector.
11. A host cell containing the DNA sequence according to claim
1. 12. A host cell containing the expression vector of claim
8. 13. A host cell containing the expression vector of claim
9. 14. A host cell containing the expression vector of claim
10. 15. A method of producing an E7 protein, comprising introducing an expression vector according to claim 8 in a host cell and culturing of the host cell under suitable conditions to express the E7 protein.
16. A method of treating an HPV infection or a neoplasm associated to HPV infection, the method comprising administering to a subject in need of treatment a vaccine comprising a DNA sequence according to claim
1. 17. A method for the production of a polyclonal or monoclonal antibody, comprising use of an E7 protein encoded by a DNA sequence according to claim 1 for the production of said polyclonal or monoclonal antibody.
18. A method for the detection of specific antibodies or cytotoxic T lymphocytes in subjects infected by HPV, comprising use of an E7 protein encoded by a DNA sequence according to claim 9 in an assay for the detection of specific antibodies or cytotoxic T lymphocytes in said subjects infected by HPV.
19. A method for the generation of a transgenic mouse line, comprising use of a DNA sequence according to claim
1..
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sn98059778_1950-10-24_1_3_1 | US-PD-Newspapers | Public Domain | Classified Advertisements Because the cost of Classified Advertising is so small—15c per line for the first insertion—the Seward Seaport Record is going on a cash basis for future advertisements for customers who have no established accounts for display advertising or job printing. Minimum charge, 30c. FOR SALE, REAL ESTATE BALMAT REALTY House for rent. Near School. 500 block on 5th Ave. 3 lots. Center foundation, logs to complete home. Water, electricity, cesspool in. Basement in. A nice log home. Beautiful setting. Edge of town. Large living room. Needs some finishing. Priced down for immediate sale. Owner leaving. The Brossew place. 3rd Ave. 4 lots. Buy for income property. We can use some more listings in sale properties. BALMAT REALTY Mary Ann B. Brown 338 4th Ave. GLENN SAYS he has a nice comfortable furnished house for sale — on terms. Also a 1949 Ford Station Wagon and miscellaneous items. Glenn’s Second Hand Store FOR SALE, VEHICLES FOR BETTER USED CARS and trucks, call Hamilton’s Garage, Madison 66. FOR SALE, VEHICLES FOR BETTER USED CARS and trucks, call Hamilton’s Garage, Madison 66. 1937 BUICK SEDAN. Good condition, good rubber. $250. All and Larry’s Super Service. 1946 HARLEY-DAVIDSON Motorcycle. Contact H.E. Poole, Portage. 1946 PON TIAC Club Coupe. Completely equipped, extra tires and tubes. Madison 59 evenings. FOR SALE, MISC. MILK delivered to your doorstep. Phone Garfield 50. Seward Dairy. SLIDE PROJECTOR. 300 watt; one pair size 7 ladies ice skates. Call Adams 124. 32-3-4-d.h. FOR SALE. MARINE SUPPLIES 30-FT. BOW PICKER, Navy hull. Chrysler Ace engine with less than 200 hours. Miscellaneous gear. Price $2,500. Warren Good will, Small Boat Harbor, or see Glenn at Glenn's Second Hand Store. MS SORTLAND—36-ft. seiner and seine, with new motor, completely rebuilt 1948. Drafted must sell. Will sell on terms. Earl Moore, Box 697, Seward; or inquire Glenn's Second Hand Store. OUT-OF-TOWN REAL ESTATE FIVE ACRES patented ground, 12 story log house, concrete basement. Three miles from Kenai on Sterling Highway. Consider late model car as part payment. Terms. Mai Cole, Box 1, Kenai. NOTICE WISH TO CONTACT member of Alcoholics Anonymous, or anyone interested in forming a group. Box 252, Seward. HELP WANTED HELP WANTED AT Kenai Lumber Co. Bear Lake Sawmill. SPECIAL SERVICES HEMSTITCHING. 20 cents per yard. 417 Fourth Ave. Monroe 85. People who are out for all they can get are soon in for it. Bright stars in the sky above Are memories of you, Dear, Remembered in our prayers, Never to be forgotten. Everlasting Love To guide you in loving arms, Today, tomorrow, always. —Inserted by loved ones. LEGAL ADVERTISING Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management Anchorage, Alaska NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION Notice is hereby given that Lloya Higgins Terry, entryman, together with his witnesses Harold L. Hatton and Leon Arthur Windeler, all of Ninilchik, Alaska, have made final proof on their original homestead, Anchorage Serial 011143 for the NEV4SE sec. 7, Lots 1 and 2, sec. 6, and homestead additional entry, Anchorage Serial 013747, for the SWV4SW1/4 sec. 5, T. 1 S. R. 13 W. SM, containing 139.58 acres, and it is now in the files of the Land Office, Anchorage, Alaska, and if no protest is filed in the local land office within the period of publication or thirty days thereafter, said final proof will be accepted and final certificate issued. GEORGE A. LINGO, Manager Date First Publication Oct. 10, 1950 Date Last Publication Nov. 7, 1950 U-S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management Anchorage, Alaska NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION COMMUTED FINAL PROOF Notice is hereby given that Oscar Charles Barlow, entryman, together with his witnesses, Francis H. Thoan and Robert Bruce Turkington, all of Homer, Alaska, has made final proof on his homestead, Anchorage Serial 012355, for the SW1/4SEV4, NWV4SWV4, SW1/4SWV4, sec. 9, T. 6 S. R. 14 W. S.M. commuted entry, and it is now in the files of the Land Office, Anchorage, Alaska, and if no protest, is filed in the local land office within the period of publication or thirty days thereafter, said final proof will be accepted and final certificate issued. CHESTER W. McNALLY, Acting Manager Date First Publication Oct. 17. 1950 Date Last Publication Nov. 14, 1950 U. S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management Anchorage, Alaska NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION Commuted Final Proof Notice is hereby given that Chris topher Paul Steik, entryman, of Ninilchik, Alaska, together with his witnesses, Carl Kelly, of Ninilchik, and Minnie C. Harris, Alaska, has and Minnie C. Harris, Anchorage, Alaska, has made final commuted profrHSn his second entry, Anchoi age Serial 011211, for Lots 2 and 3, Sec. 4, T. 2 S. R. 14 W. S.M., con taining 74.45 acres, and it is now in the files of the Land Office, Anchorage, Alaska, and if no protest is filed in the local land office within the period of publication or thirty days there after, said final proof will be ac cepted and final certificate issued. GEORGE A. LINGO. Managet Date First Publication Oct. 10, 1950 Date Last Publication Nov. 7, 1950 U-S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management Anchorage, Alaska NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION Homestead Additional Notice is hereby given that Paul Alexander Marteeny, of Homer, Alaska, has made application for an additional homestead, Anchor age Serial 016171, under Section 2, Act of April 28, 1904 <33 Stat. 527) for the following described lands: NE!4NW*4, NWV4NEV4, Sec. 13, T. 6 S. R. 14 W. S.M., containing 80 acres. This application is made subject to the following reservations; Acts of August 30, 1890 (26 Stat. 3911 March 127 1914 (38 Stat. 305) March 8, 1922 ( 42 Stat. 415) as to coal August 1, 1946 (60 Stat. 755) July 24 1<M7 (R1 — and it is now in the files—of-fchrr Land___Offtce; Anchorage, Alaska, and if no protest is filed in the Land Office within the period of publication, or thirty days there after, said application will be al lowed and final certificate issued. GEORGE A. LINGO, Manager Date First Publication Oct. 3, 1950 Date Last Publication Oct. 31, 1950 I TWO FINED ON DRUNK ! DRIVING CHARGE Seward police and highway patrolmen are continuing their crusade against drunken drivers. R. G. Nichols was fined $100 by the Magistrate this week and Joseph Caveney was sentenced to five days in jail with a 45 day suspended sentence. He also paid a fine of $10.00. Chief Green warned that the painted signs in the form of a little girl are public property ! and not to be tampered with. They mark the four corners of the school zone, a. id although they were put there to remind drivers of the 12 mile per hour speed limit past the school, they are more than just ior looks. Last night one of the signs was run over by a car and j damaged. “Either some driver was speeding, or he thought it was funny,’’ said Chief Green, j “These signs are costly and the police department will prosecute any person who runs them down. I If one is hit accidentally, and reported, it is not so bad, but to hit and run is a misdemean | or,” stated Green. The signs are taken off the streets at 5:30 in the evening and not replaced until 7:00 o'clock the next morning, and there is no excuse for destroying them. They are there for the children’s protection. U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management Anchorage, Alaska NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION Notice is hereby given that Jack Richard Tillman, entryman, together with his witnesses, Thomas Marlin Koeppel and Gust B. Lofgren, all of Homer, Alaska, has submitted final proof on his homestead entry, Anchorage Serial No. 014597 for the SE¼ SW¼ Sec. 4, NE¼NW¼ Sec. 9 T. 6 S. R. 14 W. S.M., containing 80 acres, and it is now in the files of the Land Office, Anchorage, Alaska, and if no protest is filed in the Land Office within the period of publication or thirty days thereafter, said final proof will be accepted and final certificate issued. CHESTER W. McNALLY, Acting Manager Date First Publication Oct. 3, 1950 Date Last Publication Oct. 31, 1950 U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management Anchorage, Alaska NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION Notice is hereby given that Meredith J. Steele, entryman, together with his witnesses, Sidney L. Simkins and Virgil A. Edington, all of Homer, Alaska, has made final proof on his homestead original, Anchorage Serial 011459, for the NE¼ SE¼ Sec. 15, and addition al homestead. Anchorage Serial 011557, for the NW¼ SW¼ Sec. 14. All in T. S. S. R. 14 W. S.M., containing 30 acres, and it is now in the files of the Land Office. Anchorage, Alaska, and if no protest is filed in the local land office within the period of publication or thirty days thereafter, said final proof will be accepted and final certificate issued. GEORGE A. LINGO, Manager Date First Publication Oct. 10, 1950 Date Last Publication Nov. 7, 1950 Probate No. 560 NOTICE TO CREDITORS IN THE PROBATE COURT FOR SEWARD PRECINCT, THIRD DIVISION, ALASKA In the Matter of the Estate of JOSEPH LYONS, Deceased NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN: To the creditors and all persons having claims against the Estate of JOSEPH LYONS, deceased, to file their claims, properly verified, within six months after the first publication of this NOTICE, in the office of the Probate Judge for Seward Precinct, at Seward, Alaska; or to exhibit the same, with the necessary vouchers, to the undersigned Administratrix at the office of Mr. R. E. Baumgartner, attorney for the undersigned, which office has been selected as the place for transacting all matters in connection with said Estate. Dated at Seward, Alaska this 3rd day of October, 1950. MOLLY LORING, Administratrix Oct. 3,10,17,24-’50 A man is just as big as the thing that makes Patronize Home Industry Carl Ling, who was injured at work on the dock last week, has left the hospital to recuperate at home. Third from the left is Paul K. McMullen, sophomore at Whitman College, and member of the cast of “Two Blind Mice,” opening play of the drama department’s campus season. McMullen plays the role of Major Groh in the play written by Samuel Spewack, which is a satire on government bureau cracy and concerns the operation of a supposedly discontinued office, the Bureau of Seeds and Standards. McMullen is a 1949 graduate of Seward High School and the son of Mrs. Ray F. James of Seward. Seward is not surprised to hear that Paul is doing well in dramatics. He was generally conceded to be the top-notch performer locally. SPECIAL! A Greeting Card that is Different! TWO BEAUTIFUL SCENES lithographed in full color from Original Paintings by Gertrude March. Lovely gifts if matted and framed. WRITE FOR SAMPLES Alaskan Greeting Cards 1720 E. Denny Way. Seattle 22, Wash. Expert— WATCH REPAIR and ENGRAVING C. E. O Hander Jeweler Established 1916 The Inlet Inn in Homer NEW AND MODERN ACCOMMODATIONS Carl F. Gulley, Owner P.O. Box 8 Homer, Alaska Milk from Your Local Dairy— REGULAR DELIVERIES or AT YOUR GROCER'S sewenty Phone GARFIELD 50 SPEND A HAPPY, HEALTHFUL EVENING Bowling Pool Shuffle Board A Set-up for Your Entertainment D REAMLAND BOWL. |
bub_gb_TGxDAAAAcAAJ_124 | French-PD-diverse | Public Domain | Le cohéritier du vendeur étant de retour, prétend que la moitié de cette terre lui appartient, poursuit l'acquéreur pour s'en déstituer, et obtient Jugement contre lui. L'acquéreur prend des Lettres pour se faire rétablir contre le contrat d'acquisition. Il dit pour moyens, qu'il a eu dessein d'acquérir la terre entière, et non pas une partie; qu'ayant été évincé d'une moitié, le testament ne lui convient plus. Par Jugement, les Lettres sont entérinées, le contrat résolu pour le tout. Ce Jugement est conforme aux principes de Droit, selon lesquels l'acquéreur évincé d'une partie des choses acquises a une double action, ou l'action qu'on appelle suAEminiUfti, pour être dédommagé de la partie évincée, en retenant le sur plus. Cette action a lieu, lorsqu'il est vraisemblable que l'acquéreur n'en eût pas moins conclu son marché, quand même la chose évincée aurait été distillée, ou n'y serait pas entrée, mais qu'il n'eût pas acheté si cher. La seconde action, est celle qu'on appelle redhibitorie, par laquelle on peut demander la résolution du contrat pour le tout, et a lieu toutes les fois qu'il est probable que l'acquéreur a participé à l'erreur, comme il est dit dans la loi 7. §. de n. u. de redhibitoria. Le choix de ces deux actions dépend des diverses circonstances du fait, et particulièrement de la volonté de l'acquéreur, suivant la décision de ladite loi 47. Chaonidas liv. 8. de les réponses de Droit, ch. 16, rapporte deux Arrêts, qui ont jugé que l’évincement de la moitié d’un héritage, donne lieu à la résolution de tout le contrat. Ces Arrêts font du 10. Mars 1562; et 11 Décembre 1387. Je trouve même quel Arrêt de 1515, est celui qui a décidé la question ci-dessus proposée ; c’est du moins la même espèce, les noms des parties ne font pas rapportés. Il y a un Arrêt du Parlement de Dijon, qui a décidé, qu’un contrat de vente de cinq journaux de terre pouvait être résolu pour l’éviction d’un seul. Pour revenir à notre espèce, nonobstant le Jugement, par lequel l’acquéreur avait fait réagir son contrat pour l’éviction de la moitié de la terre par lui acquise, Guillaume Dubois fermier de la terre de Cernuston dans cette Province, fit aligner cet acquéreur pour le paiement des loyers & ventes, la raison de la moitié de cette terre, dont il n’avait point été évincé, qu’il pouvait retenir. Il dit pour moyens, qu’il faut faire une grande différence entre la partie qui avait été évincée, et celle qui ne l’était pas ; qu’en l’égard de cette première partie, la résolution du contrat était nécessaire, et que par conséquent il n’en était point dû de loyers & ventes; mais qu’il en était autrement de la seconde, que l’acquéreur pouvait retenir; qu’elles il s’en était départi et désisté, c’était par une résolution volontaire, qui ne pouvait pas priver le seigneur ou son fermier de ses droits. L'acquisition de biens au contraire, que la résolution de tout le contrat dérivait d'une cause ultime et antérieure, qu'il avait été évincé d'une moitié malgré lui, ou par autorité de la justice, que cette éviction avait donné lieu, en effet, à la cause et le fondement de la résolution du contrat; si ainsi on pouvait dire avec raison, que cette résolution était nécessaire pour le tout, par rapport à sa cause et à son principe. Par Arrêt donné aux Enquêtes le 7 Septembre 1677. Succédané robe rouge, 5 Noël suivant, sur un appel du Sénéchal d'Anjou, Guillaume Dubois fut débouté de sa demande, et jugé qu'il n'avait point dû de droits seigneuriaux. Cet arrêt est rapporté par Montholon, Arrêt 50, par Chopin sur la Coutume d'Anjou, liv. 1, tit. des lods et ventes, nobles. 5, par Brodeau sur M. Louer, et l'ordre des plus anciens. Pour une plus ample intelligence de cette matière, il faut voir notre traité des fiers, liv. 1, chap. 6, sect. 1, où nous avons fait voir que les lods et ventes ne sont point dûs pour contrat, nuls, annulés ou résolus pour une cause ultime et inhérente au contrat ou antérieure. Du Moulin, fut l'auteur de la Coutume de Paris, n. 2, rapporte un Arrêt de 1619, conforme à peu-près celui ci-dessus. CHAPITRE XX. Actions et procès pour le droit d'aller à la pêche. Si l'on s'est suffisamment informé des arrière-motifs de ces quittances, on a vu que celles-ci ont été agitées au Conseil d'État du Roi entre les États de Bretagne et leurs créanciers, et décidées par un Arrêt qui n'est pas effacé à la Province d'Anjou, parce qu'il y avait plusieurs personnes de cette Province parmi les créanciers. Le sieur d'Harcourt a été pendant plusieurs années Théorier des États de Bretagne. Il était homme de beaucoup d'esprit, mais de peu d'ordre. En 1618, les affaires le trouvèrent fort dérangé. Il abandonna ses biens à ses créanciers : ils ne le trouvèrent pas l'urne vide pour les payer. Il avait fait plusieurs emprunts au nom des États de Bretagne, comme leur Procureur et leur Théorier. Les resteurs se pourvurent contre les États et leur demandèrent le paiement de leur dû. Les Gens des États se défendirent par divers moyens qui formèrent un grand procès au Conseil dit Roi. Ils disaient 1°. Que dans la tenue des États de 1579, ils n'avaient pas donné pouvoir au sieur d'Harcourt d'emprunter que jusqu'à la somme de dix-huit mille livres, suivant leur procuration du 7. Octobre de l même année. Que cependant, en vertu de cette procuration, le sieur d'Harcourt avait emprunté plus de trois millions. Qu'ils reconnaissent pour créanciers légitimes ceux qui ont prêté jusqu'à concurrence de la somme de dix-huit mille livres ; mais que ceux qui ont prêté au-delà n'ont d'action que contre le sieur d'Harcourt et d'hypothèque que sur ses biens, parce qu'il est des règles communes, qu'un procureur ne peut obliger le constituant au-delà des termes de son pouvoir. Les créanciers qui se trouvaient dans cet excédent, répondaient, qu'il faut faire différence entre l'excès et l'abus du pouvoir. Ils convenaient que le créancier qui a pris un procureur au-delà des termes de la procuration avec connaissance de cause, doit s'imputer sa facilité et n'a de recours pour l'excédent que contre celui dont il a lui vi de la foi. Qu'ils étaient dans une espèce bien différente, qu'ils ont vu la procuration des Etats entre les mains du sieur d'Harroun, libre et non déchargée ; que chacun d'eux a su et a eu raison de croire qu'il était dans les termes de cette procuration, qui était beaucoup au détriment de la somme prêtée ; qu'ils sont en bonne foi, n'ayant au conscient des emprunts précédents. Que le sieur d'Harroun a abusé de sa procuration en faisant des diverses personnes, et dans des temps désormais distincts des emprunts au-delà de son pouvoir. Ce fait ne peut être imputé aux créanciers qui n'ont point eu de moyens praticables de s'en garantir, et qui ont prêté de bonne foi, et dans la croyance que le procureur le renfermait dans les bornes de son pouvoir. Qu’il le fit, le sieur d’Harroun, en a usé autrement, ce n’est pas un simple excès, mais un abus de son pouvoir, un dol, une fraude, dont la peine doit retomber sur les États, qui sont garants de sa conduite et de sa fidélité pour en avoir fait choix, l’avoir proposé au public, et l’avoir revêtu d’un caractère représentatif, sur la foi duquel ils ont contracté. Que cela a été ainsi jugé, c’est à dire, que le constituant est tenu du fait de son procureur qui abuse de son pouvoir, par un Arrêt de 1589, rendu contre les Chartreux de Paris, rapporté par Mornay à l’Usages, tome 9, et par un autre de 1609, contre les États de Bourgogne, rapporté par Bonnivet, tome second, au mot "Constitution", question 17. Deuxième question. Par rapport aux créanciers qui avaient prêté au sieur d’Harroun, en vertu des procurations des années 1658, 1659, et les États de Bretagne leur objectaient qu’ils avaient laissé échapper les fonds destinés pour leur remboursement ; qu’ils dévoient être payés sur le produit des enregistrements et des devis levez sur la Province dans les deux années qui ont suivi immédiatement la date de chaque procuration, que ces fonds se trouvant consommés sans qu’ils aient pris soin de les faire employer à leur remboursement, la Province est quitte, faut-il recours des créanciers contre le sieur d’Harroun. Les créanciers répondent que les possessions des deux premières années après la date des procurations ne sont pas destinées à être renvoyées sur l'indemnité par un simple affidavit mais par un simple affidavit démonstratif. Que c'est une espèce d'hypothèque spéciale ajoutée à l'hypothèque générale, résultant de l'obligation que le Sieur d'Harronius a de Tonnelle des Etats. Que ces fonds ont été divertis la faute ne peut être imputée aux créanciers qui n'avaient pas droit de veiller sur la gestion du Sieur d'Harronius ni de la contredire, mais la peine en doit retomber sur les Etats, le seul en droit de faire rendre des comptes exacts à leur Trésorier et d'impugner son administration. Qu'en termes de droit, le débiteur n'est pas quitte pour avoir enfumé mal à propos les choix de l'hypothèque spéciale. Si cette opinion était reçue, elle fournirait aux débiteurs un moyen bien commode et bien nouveau de se libérer. Il faut bien distinguer entre le lien de l'obligation et l'hypothèque ou l'affectation des biens qui n'est que la sécurité et l'exécution de l'obligation. Quand un débiteur déclare être insolvable, il en seraient au moins obligé. Le lien du contrat subsiste : il n'y a que la sécurité de l'exécution qui manque: il ne s'agit ici que de la validité de l'obligation des Etats. S'ils sont déclarés débiteurs, la Province a de quoi y payer. On ajoutait que pour tendre les créanciers garants des effets de leur débiteur, il ne suffit pas que le débiteur les leur ait affectés & hypothéqués de la manière la plus spéciale. Cette affectation, telle qu'elle peut être, ne produit toujours qu'une simple hypothèque qu'il faut bien distinguer du droit de propriété, qui demeure toujours pour le débiteur, & ne peut passer en la personne des créanciers que par un transport effectif, ou une délégation acceptée. Il n'y a dans cette espèce, ni transport ni délégation. Les créanciers n'ont été ni saisis ni nantis des jouets & des droits qu'ils prétendent leur avoir été affectés. Non, ils ont dû, par la distraction & l'administration, par conséquent la dissipation, la perte qui en est arrivée, doit retomber sur eux coûte que coûte, puisqu'ils n'avaient aucun titre de propriété. Troisième question. Entre les créanciers de la première dose qui se trouvaient dans l'excédent de la production, pouvaient-ils, comme les autres, être capables de tous les actes civils ; qu'ils puissent contracter, emprunter & s'obliger avec les formalités, & pour les causes marquées d'un droit, par l'Arrêt du Conseil du 19. Février 1762, fit par là Déclaration du mois d'Avril 1762, faire sur cette malice. Quotidiennement, on voudrait comparer les États de 1779. Il y en avait quelques-uns dont les accords avaient été ratifiés dans les assemblées de Rouen, Ville ou diocèse de Bourg, quoique il y ait des difficultés subséquentes. Sentiment commun, il serait toujours certain que les Lais se seraient obligés dans une affaire de droit qui n'aurait donné naissance à une créance hors de toute légitime & pour des causes justes. En effet, que la ratification des États levait toutes les difficultés qu'avaient soulevées les procurations, de l'exécution de celles-ci il s'agissait, ayant été contenues dans la tenue des États et réunies dans les formes ordinaires par ordre du Roy, et les causes des empêchements ayant été approuvées par les États. Difficultés qui résultaient du défaut de pouvoir du sieur d'Harroun, parce que la ratification est un renouvellement d'obligation qui confirme ce qui a été fait par le procureur, et couvre les nullités du contrat original, s'il y en avait. Les Gens des États répondirent que leur ratification doit être relative à leur procuration, et renfermée dans les mêmes bornes; qu'ils n'avaient pas prétendu s'obliger de nouveau, mais seulement confirmer leur première obligation faite par leur procuraton de 1679 et qu'on ne peut donner à cette ratification une extention plus grande contre leur intention. Les créanciers repliquèrent, que bien loin que les ratifications soient relatives aux procurations précédentes, au contraire, elles ont été introduites pour couvrir les défauts des procurations, et pour suppléer à ce qui pourrait manquer au pouvoir des procurateurs. Quelle les ratifications des États étant absolues et finies, elles contiennent une obligation nouvelle de leur part, indépendante de leur procuration. Que sur la foi de ces ratifications les créanciers ont dormi en repos, n'ont point pensé à prendre de nouvelles précautions. Si par l'événement il y a de la falsité et de la déception, elle vient de la part du futur d'Harrisons, et non de la part des créanciers. La perte en doit retomber sur les États qui ont manqué de prudence dans le choix de leur représentant, ou de vigilance dans son administration, et non sur des créanciers qui font en bonne foi et qui ont fait tout ce qui était en eux. Si ces ratifications ne produisaient pas leur effet entier, ce serait des pièges que les États auraient tendus à leurs créanciers, ce qui ne pourrait être sans souffrance impunément. Quatrième question. Enfin, les gens des États disaient pour dernière réponse, qu'ils sont dans l'impuissance de s'obliger sans l'expression permisssion de Sa Majesté ; que celle qui leur a été accordée est renfermée dans les mêmes limites que leurs procurations ; et par conséquent, qu'ils ne peuvent être valablement obligés vers les créanciers qui sont dans l'excédent de leurs procurations. Les créanciers répondaient que cette objection n'est pas véritable dans le fait, ni forcenable dans le droit. Que dans le fait, leurs procurations peuvent limiter le pouvoir de leur procureur, non pas celui des États. Que si l'on suppose que les États cuisinent besoin d'une permission du Roi pour s'obliger, l'étendue de cette permission, ne se doit pas tirer des procurations qu'ils ont données pour emprunter ; mais des contrats qu'ils ont faits avec Messieurs les Commissaires de Sa Majesté. De ces contrats leur permettent non seulement d'emprunter les sommes nécessaires pour fournir le don gratuit, mais encore ce que ils jugeront nécessaire pour leurs états particuliers. Cette clause emporte une liberté indéfinie d'emprunter et de soumettre les Commissaires de Sa Majesté, les États se font alors librement obligés, il ne leur reste qu'à supplier Sa Majesté de régler et d'ordonner les fonds des rembourses. Sur ces différentes contestations, il a été rendu Arrêt au Conseil d'État le ... Mai 1685, par lequel, sans s'arrêter aux exceptions proposées par les États de Bretagne, ils ont été condamnés de payer les créanciers qui avaient présenté leurs deniers audit leur Tresorier, comme porteur des procurations des États, sauf leurs recours sur les biens et effets dudit leur Tresorier pour l'excédent desdites procurations et requêtes de les compter, suivant la manière qu'il est réglé par ledit Arrêt. Depuis ce temps-là, les États de Bretagne, pour ne pas tomber dans les mêmes patріeils inconvenants, ont obligé leur Tresorier d'endosser et de décharger sa procuration, dès qu'il la remplissait. CHAPITRE XXI. Si les Intérêts, leurs veuves et héritiers sont tenus de rembourser les parties, permets mervilleusement d'interpréter dans les contrats par eux passés. Cette matière est traitée amplement par divers Auteurs ; par M. Loïc & Brode (on Commentateur, L. N. ch. 9.) par Chenu, notable questions de droit, quoique par M. Bouguier ici. N. chap. 7. et par plusieurs autres qui sont chez dans les endroits eux défus. Ce qui résulte des divers Arrêts rapportés par ces Auteurs, est que les Notaires ne sont point tenus des dommages-intérêts des parties pour les fautes par eux commises dans les contrats par eux passés, quand il n'y a point de dol de leur part, ou rien qui approche du dol, constamment que la faute provenant d'imprécision, ait été telle, qu'elle ait donné occasion de déclarer l'acte nul. Ce qui doit avoir lieu à plus forte raison, en faveur des veuves et des héritiers des Notaires. On peut apporter deux raisons très importantes de cette jurisprudence. La première, que si les Notaires étaient tenus des dommages-intérêts des parties pour les fautes qu'ils commettent par imprécision, sans dol, ni fraude, on ne trouverait personne qui voudrait exercer cette profession, par le danger où l'on se trouverait incessamment exposé d'être ruiné, tout le bien du plus riche Notaire n'étant pas suffisant pour répondre de telle faute, de telle nullité. La seconde, que les parties se doivent imputer de n'avoir pas choisi un Notaire plus habile, ou de n'avoir remprü encore quelqu'un de leur choix, ou de n'avoir pris elles-mêmes les prestations nécessaires. Dans le droit, les créanciers ne soutiennent qu'il faut pour rendre l'acte valable, ou en prévenir les nullités, distinguer entre le droit de lever des deniers, & la tež. liberté de s'obliget. Qu'il n'y a point de confequenec La difpofition de la lot 1. ff fi menfir féffnm modum de l'un 1 l'autte. ibxtrtt , peut recevoir une application allez jufte à cette On convient que la levée 6c l'impofition des deniers cfpccc. Cette loi porte qne l . rpenteor n'eft tenu que ne peut être faiic fans permiffion du Roy , parce que de Ton dol , ou d'une faute groffiere qui équipoleau toute impôt» ion eft un Droit Royal , dont petfonne ne dol, 6c ajoû-e fi mptnttverfiums eft,fikt tmpntstr* Met pent iifer fart* l'autorité de Sa Majeflé qui tmm tdhiknst. ■ Mais les créanciers foutenoient que les Corps & les II a été rendu de<« Arrefts fur cette qneOion dans ^omrnunautcz autoriféespar, le Roy fo»t dans ic corn, cette Province, qui paioifléot cotsuaàes & oppotc* Digitized by Google jjcs POUR LA P R, Q VIN CE c D'À N J O U. /*b<? l'un à l'autre ; maïs qu'on put facilement concilier. qui donna lieu à la Cour de fevir contre le Notaire 5 Le premier cil du 7. Juillet «57$. dans l'clpecc lui c'eft que la même qoeftion ayant été portée au Parl ante Le nonm é Dcfcrvamps , Notaire de liJugé en ment deux années après , par At reft du 18 Juin «604. les Notaires qui n'avoient pas fufhfarnment étendu il tenonciation au Velteien, furent renvoyé* de 1* deman de de dommages intérêts fom.cecotitr'eux. L'Arreft du 18. Février itfoi. tendu fur un Appel de la Flecbe eft rapporté par Chenu queft. 55 vcisla fini & l'Aircft de 1604. eft rapporté par M. Loiiet jet. N. chap. 9. Les Arrêts rapportés par M. Bouquet, à l'endroit cité, sont très précis pour la décision de ce Anjou, avait passé un acte qui a été déclaré nul, pour n'avoir point été ligné des parties ni des témoins intrinsèques. Le particulier intéressé fit assigner en la Cour la veuve de Dechamps, pour être condamnée en ses dommages et intérêts, procédait de la nullité de cet acte. Il dit pour moyens que cette nullité venait d'une femme greprière du Notaire ; qu'il était de son devoir de faire ligner les parties et les témoins suivant l'Ordonnance d'Olléans act. 84. qui était en la force et vigueur, que d'avoir manqué à cette formalité, c'est non seulement une impétition, mais une négligence condamnable, une contravention à l'Ordonnance comparable au dol. La veuve de Dechamps disant qu'elle avait été poursuivie de son vivant pour cette faute, il aurait pu en ilège diverses causes, que les actions pénales ne passent point contre la veuve et les héritiers quand elles n'ont point été intentées et contractées avec ledit défunt, voyez cela Loiiet et L'odcaulet. A, en, 18. que cette prétendue faute n'avait produit aucun profit pour son mari, & que sa communauté n'en avait pas été enrichie. L'officier de la veuve de Dechamps fut renvoyé des fins et conclusions présenter contre elle. Cet Arrêt est rapporté dans le Recueil des Carèmes des Notaires coup. 19. et parcourt sur M. Loiiet lettre Nachapitie 9. Il a été rendu une Sentence pareille, et dans la même espèce au Présidial d'Angers le 14. Juillet 1771. Phidans, Marchand de Gin, le jeune. Il n'y avait de différence, sinon que dans l'effet de l'Arrêt les dommages intacts étaient demandés à la veuve, et dans l'effet de la Sentence, ils étaient demandés à l'héritier du Notaire, qui fut renvoyé. Pour entendre l'effet de l'second Arrêt rendu dans cette province, il faut supposer qu'auparavant l'édit du mois d'Août 1601, qui a retranché les renonciations des femmes au bénéfice du Sénats-Consulte, Vellèrien, et de l'authentique, qui a ordonné que sans lesdites renonciations les obligations des femmes qui se rendent cautions de leurs maris ou étrangères seront valables. Il y avait une infinité de contestations sur la validité, ou la forme de ces renonciations. Plusieurs Arrêts, entre autres ceux du 11. Juillet 1599, du 15. Août 1509, du dernier Mars 1601, avaient ordonné aux Notaires de faire entendre aux femmes qui voulaient intervenir dans leurs actes, la force de ces renonciations, et qu'elles ne pouvaient s'obliger pour leurs maris ou pour autres sans renoncer expressément. Ce Sénats-Consulte, et cette authentique, et d'en faire mention dans leurs minutes, à peine qu'en privé nom, et être condamné aux dommages intacts des parties. En 1601, une cause semblable fut portée au Parlement. Cent fut l'Arrêt d'une Sentence de la Sénéchaussée de Blois : par l'Arrêt rendu le 18. Février 1602, le Notaire fut condamné aux dépens, dommages et intérêts de la partie, et décédé d'ajournement personnel jusqu'à ce qu'il eût comparu. Cet Arrêt, pris en instance des fondements rationnels. Le premier, que le Norvégien avait contrevenu aux Arrêts de Règlement rappelés ci-dessus, qui avaient été publiés en divers Sièges, pour n'avoir pas expliqué que à la chapitre, car un Notaire fut exécuté et renvoyé ces dommages-intérêts demandés à l'occasion d'un testament où il avait omis les mots et lettres, et qui avait été cassé pour cette raison dans une Coutume qui désirait cette formalité. Et un autre fut renvoyé pour une faute bien plus grande, et quoiqu'il eût signé un testament deux jours après le décès du testateur, et hors la présence des témoins, ce qui approchait fort de dol et mal vers raison. Au Journal des audiences romaines, 4e livraison, 7e chapitre, il y a un Arrêt moderne en faveur d'un Notaire accusé de ne pas avoir apporté assez de précaution pour la validité du contrat par lui passé. Quelques-uns ajoutent que l'un des motifs de la Justification ci-dessus établie, est qu'il n'y a ni Loi ni Ordonnance qui assujettisse les Notaires aux dommages-intérêts des parties, pour l'inobservation des formalités prescrites par les mêmes Ordonnances ; de sorte que les Juges ne peuvent pas supplémenter cette peine, s'il n'y a du dol, du délit, ou qu'au délit de leur part. Sur quoi, je dois observer en finissant, que l'Ordonnance de 1770, ayant marqué plusieurs choses du devoir des Notaires dans l'art. 17, et suivants, ajoute en l'article 117, ces termes : "Le respect de ces règles est essentiel aux fonctions des Notaires, et en conséquence, ils sont tenus de les observer avec soin et diligence, et de l'empressement convenable dans l'exécution de leurs actes, et de tous les actes de leur ministère." Et en être rendu compte aux États et aux administrations, ainsi que dans les instances et procès en dommages-intérêts des parties. Mais l'Office donnant d'Orléans en l'art. 81. et suivants, et celle de Blois dans les art. 62 et suivants, ayant précrit la forme des actes des Notaires, prononcent, en cas de contravention, la peine de la nullité des actes, et celle d'amende arbitraire, sans ajouter celle des dommages-intérêts des parties; ne peut-on point dire que cette dernière peine est fos-entendue du développement de la peine de l'amende qui marque un delict ou une forte de delict, dont les dommages-intérêts des parties sont une suite nécessaire. Quoi qu'il en soit, il est certain que par les anciennes et nouvelles Ordonnances, même par celles de 1667. et de 1670., les Juges inférieurs et supérieurs (ont en cas de contravention fournis à divine ses peines, et aux dommages-intérêts des parties, comme on peut le lire à la lecture de ces Ordonnances, et par l'Extrait qui en a été fait dans cette célèbre conférence tenue entre M. le premier Président de Lamoignon et M. Puisqu'elle sur la question de savoir s'il est expédient ou non, d'établir par les Ordonnances des peines contre les Juges qui y contreviennent, qu'on peut voir dans le procès verbal de cette conférence, page 37. et suivants. D'où il semble qu'on puisse inférer que si les juges sont soumis aux dommages-intérêts des parties lorsqu'ils manquent non seulement à leurs devoirs essentiels, mais aussi à de simples formalités de procédure, les Notaires qui sont des Juges volontaires et cartulaires, ne doivent pas être exempts de la même peine, ni dispenses de dédommager les parties, dont ils ont blessé les intérêts pour n'avoir pas observé les règles de leur profession, en ayant pas fait mention dans sa minute. Le second, on se ce qui leur est préféré par les Ordonnances ou par l'usage, pour avoir délivré deux copies différentes du même leurs Coutumes, qu'ils doivent savoir, et dont l'ignorance leur est conforme à la minute où certaine interprétation, qui est une ignorance de droit, ne parait pas excusable. Mais on peut répondre qu'il se faut tenir aux portait cette extension. En quoi il y avait inaltération, choses jugées, que les peines ne s'étendent point d'un cas à un autre, ni d'une personne à une autre. Ce qui fait connaître que ce fut cette interprétation. L'Ordonnance de Blois, art. cit. iSj. mentionne la même chose, est datée du mois d'août, avant la révolution. Un des plus fameux Arrêts sur cette matière a été rendu entre parties de cette Province dans l'espèce suivante. Jeanne l'Esclavier ayant été nourrie dès ses premières années avec une Dame de grande qualité de cette Province d'Anjou, ribelle et vertueuse, laquelle, entre autres œuvres de charité, avait en singulier recommandation la nourriture des pauvres et la guérison des malades. Jeanne l'Esclavier, la suite de cette Dame, avait appris divers remèdes spécifiques, et les moyens de guérir les malades les plus désespérées et abandonnées des Médecins. Après la mort de sa maîtresse, elle s'était retirée au Bourg de Denée, lieu de sa naissance, trois lieues de la ville d'Angers, où elle avait pratiqué la Médecine avec beaucoup de succès pendant vingt années. Elle s'était acquise une si grande réputation par diverses de ses cures merveilleuses, que tous les gens des Pays circonvoisin avaient recours à elle et à ses remèdes. Mais ladite l'Esclavier n'ayant pas réussi dans l'entrée de l'entreprise qu'elle avait faite, de guérir M. Pierre Mulcreau, Avocat au Présidial d'Angers, la veuve dudit Mulcreau la poursuivit en Justice, accusant d'avoir causé la mort de son mari par les breuvages extraordinaires qu'elle lui avait fait prendre. Le corps du défunt fut ouvert, on y trouva des excitations et irregularités suspenses. Il y eut information et décret contre ladite l'Esclavier. Les Médecins de la ville d'Angers, dont M. Pierre Daburon était alors Syndic, intervinrent au procès et demandèrent qu'il serait fait défenses à ladite l'Esclavier d'exercer la Médecine, ce qui fut ordonné par divers jugements des Officiers de la Sénechaussée d'Angers. Jeanne l'Esclavier interjeta appel de ces jugements. Les paroissiens de Denée, du Pont-de-Cé, et de Sainte Gemme sur Loire se joignirent à elle, rendirent témoignage des grands secours qu'ils avaient reçus d'elle et de ses remèdes depuis plusieurs années, et des curés extraordinaires qu'elle avait faites. Jeanne l'Ecclaire disait pour moyens d'appeler, qu'elle avait appris la Médecine à l'école de sa maîtresse, par la confession qu'elle avait eue avec divers médecins de France et d'Italie, que sa maîtresse emploie la guérison des malades, et pour avoir compris sous eux, les remèdes qu'ils ordonnent. Qu'en cela l'expérience était plus sûre que les préceptes de l'École; qu'elle pratiquait la Médecine charitamment pour les pauvres de la campagne, qui n'avaient pas le moyen de se déplacer pour venir chercher les Médecins de la ville d'Angers, qui ne se déplaçaient que difficilement et à grands frais; qu'elle ne faisait aucun séjour ni exercice de son art en ville; que les Docteurs sont bons pour les riches qui les paient bien, et sont en état de faire venir du Levant les Drogues qui leur sont propres. Mais que la providence soutient pour les indigents et les rustiques, dont les maladies ne proviennent que de travail, de fatigue, et d'épuisement, des personnes charitables, de bons infirmiers, qui connaissent mieux leurs besoins et les causes de leurs maux, et savent trouver dans leurs Jardins ou dans leurs Prés, les Amphes capables de les guérir. Que les Médecins de la Faculté d'Anvers s'étaient élevés contre elle que par une gaffe jalouse, et par un acte fortement qu'ils dédaignaient d'exercer au service du malheureux pauvre sans, et voulaient empêcher qu'ils n'en recueillent d'autres mains. Que cette conduite était contraire au bien public, au bon ordre, et à la charité chrétienne. Les manants et habitants des Paroisses de Denée, des Ponts de Cé et de Sainte Gemme, se représentaient l'intérêt qu'ils avaient en cette cause; qu'il y allait de leur fame et de leur vie. Qu'ils trouvaient dans les soins, la vigilance, l'attention, l'habileté de l'appelante, un secours prompt et efficace qu'ils ne pouvaient attendre des Médecins d'Angers, fut-elle par leur distance, soit par la cherté de leurs démarches. Que par une longue expérience ils avaient connu et éprouvé sa capacité, que l'apostolat leur était un bon garant de l'avenir; et demandaient qu'on lui laissât la liberté de continuer les charités et ses assistances. De la part des Médecins d'Angers, on disait au contraire que ladite l'Éscrivaine était une ignorante et malheureuse, qui avait longtemps abusé de la crédulité des peuples, et de la faveur de quelques cures heureuses, qu'il fallait plutôt attribuer à la nature ou au hasard qu'à sa capacité, s'était fait une réputation pernicieuse auprès des pauvres gens de la campagne, à qui elle avait donné des breuvages d'onguent et superstitieux, tels que celui qu'elle avait donné audit défunt lieutenant Mulcreau, composé de cervelle d'homme, d'un coicum vinaive, de gui de chefneau, et ce. Qu'on avait fait diverses plaintes de sa conduite et qu'il était temps d'en arrêter le progrès, pour ne pas exposer davantage la santé et la vie des malades qui tombaient entre ses mains. On ne pouvait guérir les maladies que par cinq voies, dont elle ne pouvait avec raison s'attribuer une seule. Ou par science infuse, ou par une grâce particulière de Dieu et par miracle, dont ladite l'Éscalier était pour éloigné ou par intelligence avec les mauvais esprits ou par sorcellerie, ce qu'elle n'osait avouer; on par les préceptes de l'art, par veilles, cela suppose une longue application dans les Écoles de Médecine, des examens, des lenteurs de degré. L'apellant convient qu'elle n'a jamais étudié ni pris des degrés, où enfin on peut apprendre l'art de guérir par l'âge et par expérience; mais cette science, qui est celle des empiriques et de l'apellante, ne s'étant pas délivrée par les lectures, et les préceptes de la Médecine, est très fâcheuse, très dangereuse, et a causé des maux infinis dans le public. Elle ne consiste que dans un amas de recettes que les empiriques appliquent indifféremment à toutes sortes de personnes, sans distinction des temps, du lieu, de l'âge, des qualités, des tempéraments, et des autres circonstances, que l'étude de la Médecine apprend si bien distinguer, pour faire une juste application des remèdes. Que pour éviter les inconvénients qui en arrivent, le public a résolu et rejeté ces malheureux empiriques comme des pestes publiques. Qu'ils sont encore plus à craindre dans les villages et à la campagne que dans les villes, parce que les rustiques sont plus exposés à leurs impostures et par leur naïveté naturelle. M. le Procureur Général ayant rendu compte à la Cour de l'état de la question, avoua qu'il paraissait que ladite Éscalier avait fait de fort grandes et belles curés, qu'on ne pouvait pas lui imputer la mort du sieur Muller, Avocat à Angers, que les plus habiles Médecins ne sont pas garants des événements ni du succès de leurs remèdes. Que néanmoins il était plus sûr de s'attacher aux règles. Que ce qu'on prononcerait en faveur de la dite Éscalier, ou en confédération de sa capacité de son expérience, pourrait être en conséquence par d'autres qui en abuseraient. Qu'il paraissait juste d'étendre à la campagne la disposition des Arrêts qui avaient rejeté les empiriques des villes. Que les médicaments qui regardent la santé et la vie des hommes, ne doivent être ordonnés et appliqués que par des gens approuvés et jugés capables, par ceux qui en doivent connaître, après les examens et les épreuves ordinaires. Il n'est permis d'exercer aucun art qu'après l'heure d'exercer, sieur avoir été approuvé par les maîtres. Cette règle est ancienne, tirée du Droit Romain, les livres de droit civil et de droit pénal. Il n'est pas juste de l'en dispenser pour un art aussi important et aussi difficile que celui de la Médecine. La Cour en ayant délibéré au Conseil, par son Arrêt prononcé le 11. Avril 1778, confirma les Sentences dont était appel, qui faisaient défenses à la dite Éscalier d'exercer la Médecine, avec cette modification, soit en considération et dépens de la cause. Cet Arrêt est rapporté en forme avec les moyens des parties par le Vetus Arrêt 157. Je soupçonne que cet Arrêt servit de motif et de fondement à l'Ordonnance de Blois publiée par l'armée suivante, conçu dans ces termes: Nul ne peut trafiquer en Médecine, qu'il ne soit Docteur en ladite Faculté. La disposition de cette Ordonnance a depuis été confirmée par divers Arrêts des Parlements du Royaume, dont quelques-uns néanmoins ont interprété le terme de Docteur par celui de Licencé. Ensuite est intervenu le fameux Édit du mois de Mars 1707, portant règlement pour l'étude et l'exercice de la Médecine, dont on peut tirer les maximes suivantes. La première, qu'il est défendu à toutes sortes de personnes, même aux Religieux et non-religieux, d'exercer la Médecine, de donner aucun remède, même gratuitement, dans les villes et bourgs du Royaume, sous quelque prétexte que ce soit, si ce n'est après avoir obtenu le degré de Licencé dans quelques-unes des Facultés du Royaume, suivant les règlements portés par le même Édit art. 11. et xy. La deuxième, que les Docteurs ou Licenciés en Médecine, peuvent pratiquer dans tous les lieux du Royaume, en représentant leurs lettres de degré aux Juges de Police, à la réserve des villes où il y a Université ou Collège de Médecine, dans lesquelles il est fait défenses à tous Médecins d'exercer qu'après y avoir pris des devirs ou avoir été agrégés en la Faculté, ou Collège de Médecine. Les Médecins des Maisons royales sont exceptés de cette défense, et ont permis d'exercer dans toute l'étendue du Royaume art. 12. et suivants. La prose, que dans les Facultés de Médecine, les Docteurs doivent s'assembler un jour toutes les semaines pour affilier gratuitement de leurs conseils les pauvres malades qui se présenteront. Voilà de belles règles. L'importance est de les bien observer, aussi bien que la Déclaration du. Qui défend aux Médecins de retourner chez les malades moins qu'ils n'ont obéi aux avis qu'ils leur ont dû donner à leur première visite, de faire venir le Curé ou le Corshéan; il est honteux à des Chrétiens d'avoir réduit leur Prince à la nécessité de leur récrire de pareilles lois, est plus honteux encore de ne les pas observer. CHAPITRE II. Il est permis de faire preuve que le témoin qui entrobé un testament, n'était pas présent de la création du testament, quoiqu'ils l'eussent signé. La cause ayant été portée aux Requêtes du Palais, par Sentence du 17. Juillet 1661, on déclara quelques-uns des moyens de faux permisibles. Mais on rejeta celui qu'on vient de rapporter qui regardait la présence des témoins lors de la création du testament. Sur l'Appel de cette Sentence intervenu par la dame veuve Poullain, la cause fut portée en la Grande Chambre. La dame Poullain disait que lorsqu'un acte est argué de faux, tous les faits qui tendent en verser la fausseté doivent être admis. Que l'Ordonnance de Montculins qui rejette la preuve par témoins, ne s'entend que des conventions, et non des faits, qui ne se peuvent réduire en conventions. Que Godefroy est à la loi. de testement (ou tient que les témoins qui ont couvert un acte, peuvent être entendus sur la façon de faire du même acte, que tel est l'avis de M. Cujas, eusevatable. Itinéraire cap. 15. ut sicit credatur potioris virtute vel testimonium, quid testis monis, id est dits testis recitatis in seripto. Qu'il n'en est pas des testaments comme des autres actes. Que la simple signature d'une partie dans un document l'oblige, mais que pour la validité d'un testement, il s'agit diverses formalités, entre autres la présence de trois témoins, suivant la Coutume d'Anjou art. 175. Que le défaut de présence des témoins à la conception des testaments, ne peut être suppléé par une signature après coup des mêmes témoins, que ce défaut de présence emportant la nullité du testement, est un moyen de faux pertinent et admisible. Le sieur Harracin et les Administrateurs de l'Hôtel-Dieu disaient au contraire : que la preuve par témoins contre un écrit public n'est pas receivable selon la dit position de la loi L. cod. de testaments centrum stritptum testimum, une scriptio testium n'est admise qu'il se serait dangereux que la foi des contrats dépende de la bouche des témoins, faciles à corrompre. Que le testement dont il s'agissait, concédait la présence des témoins qui l'avaient signé. Que d'admettre une preuve par témoins, contraire à la teneur d'un acte, ce serait exposer la foi publique et l'autorité des contrats. Par Arrêt du 16. Janvier 1644, sur les conseils de M. Talon, Avocat Général, la Semaine fut confirmée avec amendes et dépens. Il a ainsi été jugé qu'il n'était pas permis d'informer par témoins, que les témoins rapportés présent dans un testament, et qui l'avaient signé, n'avaient pas été présents à la conception dudit testament. Cet Arrêt est rapporté en forme au Journal des auditoires. Il le trouve dans le même volume, liv. a, chap. o. Un Arrêt par lequel la Cour n'eut aucun égard à la Déclaration d'un témoin, qui disait avoir signé le testament hors la présence du rédacteur. On jugea qu'il valait mieux s'en rapporter à la renommée d'un acte muni de l'autorité publique, qu'à une Déclaration d'un témoin, dont la foi était engagée, et qui n'était pas recevable à davoir ce qu'il avait fait et signé. Pierre Bodin, Envoyé et seigneur de la Forêt, Secrétaire du Roi, fit son testament dans cette ville trois mois avant sa mort. Par ce testament, il fit des legs considérables. Il donna entre autres choses l'Hôtel d'iceux de cette ville, la fortune de quarante mille livres, et au sieur Haroenel de Richebourg, Substitut de M. le Procureur du Roi, une assez grande terre, et la charge d'une substitution, s'il décédait sans enfants. Damoiseule Bernardine Bodin, veuve de défunt Antoine Poullain, sieur unique héritière du testateur, insista en faux contre ce testament. Le principal des motifs sur lesquels elle insistait davantage. Arrêt du 1er Mai 1644, autrefois rédigé en caractères gothiques, est le résultat de ces instants. Eu quelle juridiction devrait être pertes et lettres de restitution. L'Action en réclamation de contrat, ou en restitution, contre quelqu'un, qu’il soit, est personnelle, et par conséquent doit être portée devant le Juge du demandeur, selon la maxime usuelle, jusqu’à ce qu’un statut. D'où il résulte que les lettres de Chancellerie obtenues à cette fin, doivent être adressées au même Juge. Nous en avons une décision précise et formelle dans. Il y a une Ordonnance de M. Arnaud, Ésq. à Angers, du 24 Avril 1711, très peu éloignée de Bruxelles, et en l'année 1712. Sachant que cela n'est pas une bruite. CHAPITRE IV. Du Secret-Conseil-Mécontentement, tout dira suffisamment. Il semble qu'en France, personne ne se fasse pas d’indignation contre ces malheureux usuriers, qui par des prêts pernicieux, entretiennent le jeu, le luxe, la débauche et le libertinage des enfants de famille. Le 27 août 1725, à Paris, afin que ces pratiques s’arrêtent, des inventeurs de prêts pernicieux, entre autres le Sr de Goullemé, de l'Orne, et le Sr Boutarel, mercier à Paris, ont été condamnés à l'exil. Il peut y avoir des cas où l'action en réclamation de Contrat, en restitution en entier, est mixte : et cependant elle doit être introduite devant le Juge du domicile du défendeur, parce que dans l'action mixte, qui est en partie personnelle et en partie réelle, la personnalité, comme plus noble et plus excellente, attire à soi la réalité et prévaut. Joint que dans l'action de réclamation, l'upposé même que le réclamataire serait réel, le réclamant, qui est sur personne, établit la juridiction. Bacquet, en son Traité du droit de justice ch. 8, n. 19, confirme cette maxime par l'autorité de trois Arrêts. Il y a une exception à cette règle générale établie par le fédalisme que la puissance paternelle n'est pas parmi les plus fortes. Un Arrêt rendu entre parties de cette Province, dans la même étendue et de même force que chez les Romains, mais les enfants de famille n'y sont pas moins protégés. Cyprian de Maillon fut institué tuteur de René de Rohan, prodigue et débauché, et n'ont pas moins besoin de protection. La commission de l'Etat se trouve en cela jointe à ce tribunal, de Saumur où les parties avaient leur domicile : lui des preuves, des enfants qui ont consommé leur jeu. Les biens du mineur étaient pour la plupart situés dans la ville, et leur bien en débauches, sont ordinairement de la charge du Sénéchal de Saumur. Dans la suite, le tuteur transféra avec son pupille sur la reddition de son compte. Le pupille prit des lettres de restitution contre cette transaction, les fit adresser au Sénéchal de Saumur pour être entrées en réclamation. Il est à noter que Cyprian de Maillon avait depuis la transaction changé de domicile, et s'était allé déménager à Loudun. Cela lui donna l'occasion de décliner la juridiction du Sénéchal de Saumur : il demanda un renvoi devant le Juge de Loudun : il en fut débouté. Sur l'Appel, ledit De Maillon, et depuis sa veuve et héritiers réclamaient qu'il avait été mal jugé ; que l'action en réfection dont il s'agissait, était personnelle ; que suivant la Loi et les Arrêts cités, il fallait l'intenter et le poursuivre devant le Juge de Loudun. Il ne faut pas accuser les Magistrats de ce dérèglement : ils font leur devoir, quand l'opportunité s'en présente, mais les prêteurs et les emprunteurs agissent de concert pour se dérober à la justice ; les uns pour continuer leurs usures, les autres pour trouver avec plus de facilité de quoi fournir à leurs désordres. Les Ordonnances d'Orléans, art. 141 de Blois, art. 102, et autres, ont non seulement condamné les usures, mais encore les prêts déguisés sous le titre ou couleur de vente, qu'on appelle revente à perte de finance, qui était alors fort en usage. Les Arrêts, conformes au Droit Romain, obligent ceux qui ont prêté à des mineurs, à prouver un emploi utile de leurs deniers, à peine de les perdre, qui est la perte de l'obligation des enfants de famille avait eu raison de demander son renvoi devant ledit Juge de Loudun ; que c'était mal-propos qu'il en avait été débouté. René de Maussion, demandeur en lettres de restitution, soutenait au contraire, que suivant la disposition du droit, le compte de tutelle devait être rendu devant le Sénéchal de Poitou, dans le ressort duquel la tutelle avait été levée & administrée, Lég. 54. §. tutelles, ff. dt ou des mineurs, portant promesse de payer, Presière, Maint, mon tutum ris. Il y a des Règlements des Cours souveraines, qui défendent aux marchands de prêter ou de fournir des marchandises aux enfants de famille & aux mineurs, sans le consentement de leurs pères & mères et tuteurs. |
http://data.theeuropeanlibrary.org/BibliographicResource/3000113936160 http://www.theeuropeanlibrary.org/tel4/newspapers/issue/3000113936160 http://www.theeuropeanlibrary.org/tel4/newspapers/issue/fullscreen/3000113936160 http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k747337x/f1.thumbnail_2 | Europeana | Public Domain | Tandis que, pour les catholiques du type traditionnel, il n'y a de chrétiens véritables et dignes de ce nom que ceux qui se laissent enseigner et gouverner par le pape et les évêques, censés institués directement par le Christ, pour M. Tyrrell et pour les modernistes, sont chrétiens tous ceux qui s'inspirent de l'esprit de Jésus, et sont catholiques romains tous ceux qui croient à la mission et à la destinée de l'Eglise romaine et aux avantages de s'identifier avec elle. Au total, les catholiques se divisent en deux catégories et M. Tyrrell l'explique parfaitement. Les uns sont de leur temps, les catholiques modernes. Ils trouvent le moyen de concilier avec leur esprit chrétien tous les droits de la pensée contemporaine. Des doctrines anciennes et modernes, ils ne veulent croire que ce qui est prouvé et ne gardent que ce qui a une valeur. L'idéal des autres est dans le passé, au Moyen Âge. Ils considèrent le catholicisme du XIIe siècle, comme une institution directe de Jésus-Christ et comme la forme authentique, définitive et intangible du christianisme. Ceux-ci appellent ceux-là, pour les ridiculiser, des modernistes, mais M. Tyrrell, riposte en appelant ses frères intolérants des médiévalistes. Il expose magnifiquement l'ignorance et la stupidité de ses adversaires. Inutile d'esquisser ici son argumentation. Il suffit de consulter à ceux que le sujet intéresse ce nouveau livre, chef-d'œuvre de polémique qui, dans la littérature religieuse anglaise sera désormais le pendant de l'Apologie de Newman. Le livre sera sans doute traduit en français. Et, bien que les Flamands, soumis à la férule de l'Eglise ne lisent guère, il faut aussi souhaiter qu'il soit traduit en leur langue, afin que ceux qui seraient tentés de l'ouvrir puissent comprendre le degré d'information d'un primat de Belgique, même jugé digne d'être revêtu de la pourpre romaine. En publiant cet ouvrage, le prêtre anglais vient de remporter une victoire qui en assurera d'autres. La position des prétendus modernistes vis-à-vis de leurs adversaires reste très bonne. M. Loisy, les éditeurs et rédacteurs du Rénovation, les auteurs du Programme des Modernistes, excommuniés, continuent de travailler et on continue de les lire. M. nouvelles politiques Les conseils généraux Cher. — Après une très vive discussion, le conseil général du Cher a, par 12 voix contre 7, supprimé le crédit de 1.000 francs affecté aux Bourses du travail du département qui sont affiliées à la Confédération générale du travail. Ces 1.000 francs seront affectés aux caisses de chômage. La minorité comprend les unifiés et les conservateurs. M. Lebrun, socialiste unifié, a proposé de voter un blâme au gouvernement en raison des événements de Draveil. M. Ravier, député, a proposé un ordre du jour de « confiance ». Enfin, le préfet a demandé la question préalable qui a été votée au milieu d'une vive agitation. Côte-d'Or. — Au début de la séance d'hier après-midi, le conseil général de la Côte-d'Or, sur la proposition de M. Muteau, a voté, à l'unanimité, l'adresse suivante : « Le conseil général de la Côte-d'Or, douloureusement ému par la catastrophe de la Couronne, qui vient de mettre une fois de plus en deuil la marine française, souhaite vivement que des mesures énergiques, basées sur une enquête approfondie et sur les données de la science, protègent désormais, et autant que possible, nos marins contre d'aussi cruels accidents, et envoie à l'élitiste-major et à l'équipage de la Couronne et aux familles des victimes et aussi aux dévoués camarades de notre armée de mer l'expression cordiale et fraternelle de sa sympathie. » Deux-Sèvres. — Le conseil général des Deux-Sèvres a adopté un vœu, déjà voté par la Chambre de commerce et le conseil municipal de Niort, de mandater au ministre des travaux publics l'attribution à la ville de Niort de la direction régionale qui doit être créée au sud de la Loire pour les chemins de terre de l'Etat. La session est close. Haute-Savoie. — Le conseil général a refusé d'examiner un vœu déposé par M. Challamel, conseiller conservateur, et tendant au maintien et à l'application de la peine de mort. Haute-Vienne. — Le conseil général a voté un vœu demandant la suppression de la peine de mort. Il envoie l'expression de ses sentiments respectueux à M. Fallières, se félicite des résultats de son voyage, exprime sa confiance au gouvernement de M. Clemenceau et l'invite à persévérer dans la voie engagée et à faire voter au plus tôt les réformes promises. Loir-et-Cher. — Sur la proposition de M. Informations ÉTRANGER LES AFFAIRES DU MAROC Dans le Sud-Oranais la marche de la harka - Les nouvelles de Tazzou-Guert annoncent que le gros de la harka a un peu avancé vers son avant-garde. Le désaccord règne entre le lieutenant de Ma-el-Ainin et les autres chefs des tribus sur les moyens d'engager l'action ; les Marocains n'avanceraient pas, d'ailleurs, avant l'arrivée d'importants groupes encore, attendus du Tafilalet. Selon certaines prévisions, le premier choc ne se produira pas avant six ou sept jours. La chaleur est torride, cependant il est tombé quelques pluies dans la montagne. Ces pluies ont légèrement rafraîchi la température. Le général Bailloud est attendu la semaine prochaine dans le sud-oranais. ALLEMAGNE Le voyage de M. Lloyd George. M. Lloyd George, chancelier de l'Échiquier, est arrivé hier à Berlin, venant de Francfort, et a fait une visite à M. de Bethmann-Hollweg, secrétaire d'État à l'office de l'intérieur de l'empire allemand. Révolte dans l'Afrique orientale. — Un télégramme du gouverneur de l'Afrique orientale allemande annonce que des troubles sans importance, qui s'étaient produits à Tournon et à Yamby, ont été étouffés sans combat par la marche centrale de trois détachements envoyés dans la région. Deux grands sorciers ont été exécutés et dix-huit meneurs ont été incarcérés. Les détachements resteront dans la région jusqu'à ce que la tranquillité soit complètement rétablie. AUTRICHE-HONGRIE M. Caillaux à Budapest. — M. Caillaux, ministre des finances, est arrivé hier à Budapest. M. Caillaux a été reçu à la gare par le vicomte de Fontenay, consul général, M. Michel, vice-consul, et par les membres de la colonie française. M. Caillaux a fait une visite au président du conseil, docteur Wekerlé, et a été reçu de la plus gracieuse façon. L'entretien a duré plus d'une heure. Dans l'après-midi, M. Caillaux a visité, en compagnie du consul général, M. le vicomte de Fontenay, le Parlement et la ville. Le vicomte de Fontenay a offert, le soir, un dîner à l'honneur de M. Caillaux. MM. Wekerlé, président du conseil, de Szell, ancien président du conseil, Sternberg, secrétaire d'État, et d'autres notabilités politiques y assistèrent. Aujourd'hui, un dîner sera donné chez M. Wekerlé ; un autre sera offert demain par M. de Szell. M. Caillaux partira lundi pour Vienne. Son séjour à Budapest n'a aucun but politique. FRANGE LE GOUVERNEUR DE L'ALGÉRIE A HAZEBROUCK. M. Jonnart, gouverneur de l'Algérie, est arrivé hier, à 11 h, 30, à Hazebrouck, par l'express de Paris. Il a été reçu sur le quai par l'abbé Lenirre. Puis par un ami commun. Mais la Compagnie a répondu à beaucoup de ses employés qu'elle ne pourrait plus les occuper, qu'ils étaient renvoyés. Cependant, les grévistes espèrent encore. L'un d'eux nous a déclaré : — Actuellement, nous gagnons 9 francs par jour. Nous espérons être repris, mais on nous fera redébuter dans la première classe, à 5 francs par jour. La grève, on le voit, n'aura pas seulement coûté aux grévistes les salaires de plus d'un mois. Elle sera encore, pour certains d'entre eux, une perte annuelle de plus d'un millier de francs. Les grévistes qui résistent encore — une vingtaine — attendent la réunion du conseil d'administration de la Compagnie, pour leur demander de réadmission. LE BIQUVEMENT SYNDICALISTE La campagne communiquée L'agitation syndicaliste, qui semblait se calmer depuis quelques jours, paraît devoir reprendre. Les meetings, avant-coureurs de manifestations, recommencent à se succéder et les ordres du jour qui les terminent protestent tous avec une violence assez inquiétante contre les arrestations décidées à la suite des événements de Vigneux. Jeudi soir, par exemple, les syndicats ouvriers adhérents à la Bourse du travail de Versailles ont tenu, dans cette ville, une réunion plénière qui s'est terminée par un ordre du jour de protestation « contre les massacres de Vigneux et les arrestations arbitraires des membres de la C.G.T. ». Ce soir encore, le sous-comité de la grève générale de l'Union des syndicats de la Seine organise un meeting au cours duquel sera discuté à nouveau la question de la grève générale. La propagande de la c.g.t. On annonce, d'autre part, que la Confédération générale du travail organise une série de manifestations dans toute la France, afin de protester énergiquement contre l'arrestation de ses membres. C'est ce qu'indiquait d'ailleurs l'appel de la G.G.T. donné dans notre numéro d'hier, appel adressé à toutes les Bourses et Unions de syndicats, par M. Garnery, secrétaire par intérim de la section des Bourses, en remplacement de M. Yvetot, lequel, comme l'on sait, est détenu à Coulommiers. M. Garnery recommande la patience, car, dit-il, les manifestations projetées auraient une portée bien plus sensible si « elles avaient lieu simultanément et au moment le plus propice ». Ce moment propice, M. Garnery ne le désignait heureusement pas encore. À l'union des syndicats Enfin, hier matin, la Voix du Peuple fournissait, sur l'Union des Syndicats de la Seine, l'organisation ouvrière récemment expulsée de la Bourse du travail, les renseignements suivants, sous forme de réponse aux mesures gouvernementales : Dans l'Union des Syndicats de la Seine, il y avait des organisations ayant des conceptions un peu archaïques, et un tant soit peu craintives. Elles craignaient encore la vindicte de votre puissance, vous les avez enhardies. Elles marcheront désormais en avant, car elles savent que tout autant que le patronat, elles ont à vous combattre. CHEZ LES TÉRASSIERS Hier a eu lieu, à trois heures et demie, à la Bourse du travail, salle Bondy, une réunion des terrassiers en chômage, convoquée par leur syndicat. Cette réunion avait pour but de permettre au syndicat de se renseigner sur le nombre des terrassiers sans travail. Une soixantaine de chômeurs seulement se sont rendus à la Bourse du travail. Le comité du syndicat s'est informé auprès d'eux du fonctionnement des soupes communistes. Les chômeurs ont exprimé ce sujet leur parfaite satisfaction. Nous avons pu, à l'issue de la réunion, interroger le secrétaire général provisoire du syndicat, qui nous a déclaré que le nombre des terrassiers en chômage n'avait pas augmenté sensiblement. La moyenne des soupes communistes distribuées chaque jour dans les quatre quartiers où elles sont installées, s'élève à quatre cents environ, y compris les femmes et les enfants, qui s'y rendent en compagnie des terrassiers sans travail. Mais l'un des membres du syndicat nous a appris que, si le nombre des chômeurs se trouvait, en ce moment, si minime, malgré la fermeture partielle ou totale des chantiers de la ville, c'est que cinq mille terrassiers environ ont quitté Paris, depuis quelques semaines pour aller s'embaucher au dehors. LES GRÈVES À Saint-Étienne, Les mineurs grévistes du Loire, dans une réunion tenue jeudi soir, ont entendu la délégation qui a rendu compte de son mandat. La direction ayant promis de réembaucher les deux ouvriers congédiés dont le renvoi a causé le conflit, les grévistes ont décidé de reprendre le travail ce matin, aux heures habituelles. Le conflit est donc définitivement réglé. LE DÉPART DU "POURQUOI-PAS" RETARDÉ On annonce de Cherbourg que "les vents du suil empêchent l'appareillage du Pourquoi-Pas qui devait partir hier à la voile, M. Charcot espère lever l'ancre aujourd'hui ... ... LA GRÈVE DES EMPLOYÉS DES BATEAUX PARISIENS La grève est à peu près terminée. Nous étions hier soir encore à la salle Guyot. Elle était presque vide et les quelques grévistes qui résistent encore savent bien qu'ils ne pourront plus tenir encore longtemps. — C'est la défaite, nous dit l'un d'eux. Tous nos efforts ne peuvent plus tendre qu'à une seule chose ; que cette défaite ne soit pas une défaite. Chaque jour, comme nous le disions, des désertions de plus en plus nombreuses avaient lieu dans les rangs des grévistes. Les demandes de rentrées affluaient au siège de la Compagnie. Jeudi soir, à la réunion quotidienne des ouvriers, on décida bien de résister encore, mais à cette réunion, ils n'étaient plus que 105. Hier soir, il n'y avait plus qu'une cinquantaine d'ouvriers qui n'avaient pas demandé de reprendre le travail et qui se sont réunis ensemble. AIIMUE Le dirigeable militaire « République » - Le ballon dirigeable "République" est venu ce matin à Rambouillet saluer le président de la République. Le voyage a été excellent. Les évolutions du dirigeable ont été remarquablement faciles malgré le vent. Les manœuvres allemandes Au cours des prochaines manœuvres impériales on expérimentera diverses inventions nouvelles. L'artillerie fera des essais avec un signal électrique que par lequel elle informera d'autres corps de troupe qu'ils sont engagés dans la zone battue par le canon. Lors de précédentes manœuvres, il avait été constaté que d'autres armes s'engageaient, à leur insu, sous le feu de leur artillerie, et on espère parer à ce danger — terrible en temps de guerre — par des signaux lumineux qui ne seront aperçus que de leurs véritables destinataires. Comme autre innovation, il faut signaler les abris mobiles : employés pour la première fois par l'infanterie japonaise, en Mâjedchôurie. Les premiers essais ont été faits récemment au cours d'une opération de siège à Mayence. Le 10e corps (Metz) expérimentera aussi un pistolet tirant des projectiles lumineux et explosifs, inventé par le commandant du génie Goslich. Cette arme nouvelle, également expérimentée à Mayence, est spécialement destinée aux troupes de défense d'une place forte. Le pistolet Goslich est employé aux distances de 100 à 200 mètres. Ses projectiles ont, paraît-il, une extraordinaire puissance destructive et meurtrière. MARINE. - Le cuirassé italien « Etna » quitte Brest Le croiseur-cuirassé italien Etna, ayant à bord les élèves de l'école navale italienne, a quitté Brest, hier matin, faisant route pour Le Havre. Les causes de la catastrophe de la "Couronne" L'enquête faite à Toulon à la suite de l'explosion de la Couronne, vient d'établir les causes véritables de l'accident. Il n'y a pas eu choc, comme on l'assurait tout d'abord, et, par suite, il ne s'est pas produit d'explosion. Un des canonniers, n'ayant pu fermer la culasse, voulut faire pression avec un levier. La masse d'acier revint en arrière et fut projetée, avec une violence extraordinaire, vers le milieu du navire semant la mort parmi les servants de la pièce sinistrée. les ordres de l’enseigne Mouren, un acte vraiment héroïque en jetant les charges enflammées à la terre. Le retour du "Descartes" le croiseur Descartes est arrivé hier matin à Toulon. Ce navire, qui vient de Casablanca, sera affecté à l’école de canonnage, en remplacement de la Couronne. • COLONIES nouveaux combats en mauritanie "N°3" troupes de Mauritanie viennent d’avoir à supporter une nouvelle attaque des Maures, dans la palmeraie même de Titjida. Le ministre des colonies a reçu à ce sujet la dépêche suivante : - Un groupe de Maures a tenté, le 10 août courant, de enlever des chameaux et des troupeaux dans la palmeraie de Tidjida. Le capitaine Baudens, à la tête d’un peloton de spahis et de 20 tirailleurs, a poursuivi l’ennemi qui, après avoir passé la fuite, a attendu le détachement dans une bonne position. Après un violent combat, les Maures se sont retirés, laissant sur place 5 cadavres et 5 fusils à tir rapide. Tous les animaux enlevés ont été reprises. Un officier-et un sous-officier européens ont été légèrement blessés. Cette attaque des Maures au centre même de notre action dans la région n’est malheureusement pas un fait isolé. Des nouvelles de source privée qui nous par. viennent en effet, signaler d’autres combats, une colonne, sous le commandement du capitaine Berger, est arrêtée à Akjoucht, où elle attend l’arrivée de renforts pour pouvoir se dégager. Voici d’ailleurs, au sujet de cette seconde affaire, les renseignements qui ont été fournis par le ministère des colonies à notre confrère le Temps : Le 24 juillet dernier le capitaine Berger a été attaqué, à 35 kilomètres de Nouarmach, par les Maures. Nous avons eu un tué et deux blessés, mais l’ennemi a été repoussé ; les Maures ont eu, de leur côté, six tués et sept blessés et ont laissé six fusils à tir rapide. Le capitaine Berger a repris sa marche le soir même, mais n’a pu trouver d’eau qu’à Boujeimat où il est arrivé avec ses troupes et ses animaux très fatigués. Cette très pénible étape lui a coûté la perte de 22 tirailleurs indigènes : onze ont disparu, onze sont morts de soif. Ne pouvant continuer sa route sur Akjoucht avec ses seuls moyens, le capitaine demanda des renforts. Devant la nécessité de ravitailler Alcajouch, le gouverneur général a envoyé l'ordre aux trains de former 130 goumiers auxiliaires qui, soutenus par 30 méharistes, porteront au capitaine Berger un secours de 150 fusils, en même temps qu'unappoint de cartouches et de vivres. Des chameaux ont été immédiatement achetés pour le transport des vivres d'une escorte de 150 hommes. En raison des difficultés de la saison, cette colonne prendra la route de Nouakchott vers le 20 septembre. Le capitaine Exeton maintiendra la situation à Alcajouti jusqu'à l'arrivée des secours. Le budget de Madagascar Le ministère des colonies communique la note suivante : Le gouverneur général de Madagascar vient de faire savoir au ministère des colonies que l'excédent de recettes du 30 juin dernier était de 2.887.65 francs pour le budget local, et de 232.935 francs pour le budget annexe. Au total, 3.120.588 francs seront versés à la caisse de réserve. AFFAIRES RELIGIEUSES M. Ira Sankey, évangéliste américain, vient de mourir à Brooklyn, aux États-Unis, à l'âge de soixante-huit ans. Il laisse, dit-on, une fortune considérable, amassée dans diverses entreprises. Son ami intime, le fameux L. Dwight Moody, avec lequel il a fait tant de tournées d'évangélisation, est mort, on le sait, en 1900. Né en 1840, dans une modeste ferme de Pennsylvanie, de parents très religieux, M. Sankey était devenu de bonne heure directeur d'une grande école dominicale et président de l'Union chrétienne des jeunes gens de son district. C'est à Indianapolis qu'un jour M. Moody le rencontra et lui dit, de ce ton décisif qui lui était particulier : « J'ai besoin de vous pour m'aider dans mon œuvre d'évangélisation à Chicago : voilà huit ans que je pense à vous le demander. Il vous faut laisser là vos affaires et venir. » Six mois plus tard, les deux amis étaient à la fête de la Mission de Chicago. Ils ne se sont jamais séparés depuis. M. Moody était, lui, le grand orateur, Sankey le musicien, composant des cantiques populaires, et les chantant devant de grands auditoires en s'accompagnant de l'harmonium. Ils ont parcouru les États-Unis, l'Angleterre, sont venus à Paris, et leur nom est très familier dans les milieux protestants. Les hymnes de Sankey sont très connues; on estime à 50 millions d'exemplaires le nombre de celles qui se sont vendues. M. Sankey avait perdu la vue depuis quelques années, et gardait presque continuellement le lit. Dans l'Église anglicane, "Au lendemain du grand Congrès universel de l’Église anglicane, les évêques venus de toutes les parties du monde, au nombre d’environ 240, se sont réunis en conférence au palais de Lambeth, à Londres, pour étudier plusieurs questions de discipline ecclésiastique; ils viennent de publier en un long document le résultat de leurs délibérations. Il semble qu'ils se soient préoccupés de viser certaines doctrines du rév. R. I. Campbell, de City Temple, connu par ses vues libérales ou "Nouvelle Théologie". La conférence a été d'avis, à propos de la communion, de maintenir l'usage du vin, à l'exclusion de toute autre boisson. Elle a proclamé l'indissolubilité des liens du mariage, tout en admettant, dans la pratique, certains accommodements en accord avec les jugements des tribunaux de divorces. Pour ce qui est de la fameuse loi au sujet du mariage avec une belle-sœur, la Conférence ne s'est pas prononcée. — Mentionnons enfin une résolution d'après laquelle les fidèles sont instamment ordonnés de ne jamais contracter de mariages avec les catholiques. Congrès des catholiques allemands Ce congrès, qui s'est ouvert dimanche, a été clôturé jeudi. On a pensé ne pas pouvoir mieux finir qu'en recommandant, comme conditions préalables sine qua non de la liberté et de l'indépendance de l'Église catholique, "la liberté et l'indépendance pleine et réelle du pape". Les Italiens n'ont qu'à bien se tenir. Congrès diocésain À la suite d'un arrêté pris par le maire de Saint-Genis-Terre-Noire, interdisant toute manifestation extérieure du culte sur le territoire de la commune, le premier congrès eucharistique régional du diocèse de Lyon, qui devait se tenir les 28, 29 et 30 août à Saint-Genis, aura lieu dans une autre localité, non encore désignée. La cérémonie devait comprendre une messe en plein air, à laquelle devaient assister dix mille pèlerins. LE "POURQUOI-PAS ?" En partant pour le Pôle sud, samedi dernier, le Pourquoi-Pas ? emportait dans ses soutes une abondante provision d'eau de la source Cachat, de « Evian-Cachat », l'eau de table parfaite, bactériologiquement pure, fraîche et limpide, en un mot, hygiénique au premier chef. LE SABOTAGE « Si deux Ecossais marchent ensemble et que l'un coure trop vite, l'autre lui dit : « ca-canny », va doucement. » Telle est la manière dont l'appel de l'union internationale des chargeurs de navires de Londres, définissait, en 1897, le sabotage. Mais, il a fallu attendre jusqu'à ces derniers mois pour voir cette méthode appliquée en France en dehors des arsenaux. Jusqu'ici, on avait pratiqué le sabotage sur la qualité du travail, plus que sur la quantité. On s'appliquait à produire mal plus qu'à ne pas produire. Maintenant on a recours à une rosserie nouvelle. On travaille lentement et on met deux heures à faire une besogne qui exige dix minutes. De la sorte, le patron est lésé dans ses intérêts et frappé à la caisse, mais il ne peut pas se plaindre, car le travail est bien fait, et il ne peut pas reprocher à l'ouvrier trop d'application à sa tâche. Les militants, lisons-nous dans l'Emancipation, préconisent un système de sabotage qui consiste à faire peu, très peu d'ouvrage, mais par contre à lui donner le plus de fini possible, à le « perler » en d'autres termes. En outre, ce journal propose de donner au travail une apparence de perfection, mais de lui faire subir à l'intérieur des malfaçons, qui obligeront le patron à des reconstructions ou à des travaux supplémentaires, qui auront le double avantage de forcer le patron à faire de nouveaux sacrifices et, en même temps, de fournir du travail à une autre équipe d'ouvriers. Ceci est la perfection du sabotage, puisque au sabotage sur la qualité vient s'ajouter le sabotage sur la quantité. Voici, d'ailleurs, l'explication scientifique faite par les infecteurs de ce procédé. Si quelqu'un veut acheter un chapeau qui vaut cinq francs, il doit payer ce prix. Mais, s'il ne veut ou peut payer que quatre, eh bien, il en aura d'une qualité inférieure. Le chapeau est une marchandise. Si quelqu'un veut acheter six chemises de deux francs chacune, il doit payer douze francs. Pour dix francs, il n'aura que cinq chemises. La chemise est encore une « marchandise en vente sur le marché ». Si une ménagère veut acheter une pièce de bœuf qui vaut trois francs, il faut qu'elle les paye. Si elle n'offre que deux francs, on lui donne de la mauvaise viande. Le bœuf est encore une marchandise, en vente sur le marché. « Eh bien, les patrons déclarent que le travail et l'adresse sont des marchandises, tout comme les chaussures, les chemises et le bœuf. Donc, nous vendrons notre travail comme le chapelier, le chemisier, le boucher vendent leur marchandise. Pour de mauvais prix, nous donnerons de mauvaise marchandise, nous en ferons autant. S'ils refusent de discuter nos demandes, nous pouvons mettre en pratique le « nous travaillons à la douce », à mauvaise paye, mauvais travail. Cette formule s'est modifiée encore, si nous en croyons un des membres de la Q.G.T. dans la Voix du Peuple. La formule modifiée est devenue « À salaire insuffisant, travail réduit », et, à ce sujet, on nous explique en quoi consistait le sabotage pour les maçons, lors de la grève du 12 mai 1906 : Chaque compagnon maçon est doublé d'un aide. Avant la grève, l'aide, une fois son propre travail achevé, s'emparait de la truelle. Il produisait pour s'apporter ou pour se distraire. Après la grève, les aides, les garçons maçons décidèrent de s'en tenir exclusivement à leur propre besogne, c'est-à-dire à mettre les matériaux et à les préparer. De là, diminution de production. Ce n'était pas tout. Loin de là. Les garçons maçons se mirent à dresser dans chaque chantier des pétitions réclamant une augmentation de 5 centimes de l'heure. Si le patron refusait, tous les garçons de chantier quittaient le travail et passaient au bureau ; le lendemain, ils se rendaient place de Grève pour l'embouteillage. Si le patron acceptait, le départ des garçons était remis à quelques jours. L'embauchage est fait par le compagnon venant chercher son aide. Cela fait une perte de temps évaluée à trois heures ; ces trois heures sont payées au compagnon comme au garçon. Si l'on suppose un chantier occupant 50 compagnons, cela fait à chaque départ des garçons 50 x 3 = 150 heures, qui sont payées sans avoir été passées à produire. Le départ pouvant se produire deux, trois et quatre fois par mois, que l'on juge des conséquences pour l'entrepreneur. Nouvelle diminution de la production, élévation des frais. TRIBUNAUX Meneurs condamnés Le tribunal correctionnel de Rouen a jugé hier les principaux meneurs des scènes de désordre qui se sont produites le 27 juillet dernier, à Sotteville, à Rouen, et au cours desquelles un ouvrier nommé Gauvain a été poursuivi et maltraité par quinze cents individus. Le tribunal a condamné les trois principaux meneurs : Hue, à quatre mois de prison, Lé Du, à trois mois, et Deperrois à six mois de la même peine, tous trois avec sursis. FAITS DIVERS La Température Une dépression assez profonde persiste dans l'ouest de l'Europe ; son centre se trouvait hier matin près des îles Scilly (751.). La pression est également basse sur le nord de la Russie ; elle est assez uniforme et voisine de 76 mm. sur le centre et le sud du continent. Des pluies sont tombées dans l'est et l'ouest de l'Europe ; en France, de nombreux orages ont éclaté hier ; on a recueilli 25 mm. d'eau à Bordeaux, 18 à Limoges, 10 au Havre, 3 à Nancy et à Brest. La température reste élevée sur nos régions. Hier matin le thermomètre marquait 8° à Seydisfjord, 18° à Paris, 14° à Clermont et à Toulouse, 27° à Alger. On notait : 11° au mont Ventoux, 7° au Pic du Midi. — En France, des pluies orageuses sont encore probables ; elles seront suivies d'un abaissement de la température. A Paris, hier, la température moyenne, 82° 5, a été supérieure de 5° 1 à la normale (17° 4). PARIS A l'instruction. — Le crime de la Scala : — Henri Trombetta, l'artiste napolitain qui, le 30 juillet dernier, tua à la Scala, d'un coup de revolver, un contrôleur, M. Hippolyte Duchemin, a été entendu hier après-midi par M. Bordeaux, juge d'instruction, en présence de son défenseur, M. Pierre Dessaigne. L'inculpé a fait de nouveau au magistrat le récit de la scène du meurtre, déclarant qu'il avait été frappé, ainsi que sa femme, avant de faire usage de son arme ; Un contrôleur, M. Jouvey, confronté avec Trombetta, a déclaré, en effet, qu'il avait vu M. Francis Robin, directeur du spectacle, frapper le premier celui que Trombetta avait brisé du verre. ' D'après l'artiste napolitain, à ce moment, M. Hippolyte Duchemin aurait voulu frapper également Mme Trombetta. C'est alors que, fou de colère, voyant rouge, il aurait sorti son revolver et fait feu sur Duchemin. Faux-monnayeurs. — Le service de la Sûreté a arrêté, jeudi soir, à Saint-Ouen, deux faux-monnayeurs, inculpés dans l'affaire que nous avons relatée précédemment. Ils sont connus sous le nom de Jeannot et d'André. La Sûreté les recherchait, elle n'était arrivée au Pecq qu'après leur départ, mais elle retrouva leurs traces. Sur le point d'être pris, ils voulurent user de leur revolver et n'ont pu être capturés que grâce à l'intervention des gendarmes et de courageux citoyens. Jeannot portait 200 francs de pièces fausses de cinq francs et André 100 francs de bonnes pièces. Arrestation d'un condamné à mort. — Vers la fin de 1900, l'agent Rysenaer, de la police de Bruxelles, était, au cours d'une bagarre, tué rafael d'un coup de feu par un nommé Adrien Fuivre; âgé de trente-quatre ans, originaire d'Essonnes (Seine-et-Oise). Arrêté, le meurtrier fut condamné à mort par la cour d'assises du Brabant. La peine, commuée en celle des travaux forcés à perpétuité, il était en train de la purger à la prison de Gand, quand il réussit à s'évader. Après avoir résidé dans diverses villes, il vint se fixer à Paris, où il a été arrêté, jeudi, dans un garni de la rue Simon-le-Franc. Le gouvernement belge a été aussitôt avisé. Faivre a été écroué au Dépôt. Comme la France n'accorde pas l'extradition pour ses nationaux, il purgera sa peine dans une maison centrale. Arrestation de deux banquiers. — Sur mandat de M. le juge d'instruction Hubert du Puy, il a été procédé, hier matin, aux arrestations, pour deux affaires différentes en fait, si elles sont semblables, au fond, de deux banquiers. Ces deux financiers sont M. Clare, directeur du Syndicat Financier, rue des Mathurins, et M. Laguier, administrateur de la Société Générale d'Amortissements, 23, rue d'Astorg. Les deux banquiers ont été conduits, hier après-midi, au cabinet de M. Hubert du Puy, qui leur a fait subir un interrogatoire d'identité et les a fait écrouer à la prison de la Santé, sous l'inculpation d'abus de confiance. Les inculpés avaient reçu en dépôt des titres afin d'en faire un usage déterminé ; or, ils ne pouvaient représenter ces titres, d'où le dépôt de plaintes par leurs clients. DÉPARTEMENTS Mort du Guérisseur. — Vialas. — Dans un village. des Cévennes, perdu dans les montagnes de la Lozère, à Vialas, vient de mourir un vieillard de 85 ans. Il s'appelait Vigne, Vigne le Guérisseur, et sa célébrité s'était étendue bien au-delà des Cévennes et du Midi, jusqu'en Allemagne, en Suisse, en Angleterre et aux Etats-Unis. C'était, du reste, une très belle figure. Protestant de vieille souche, d'une ardente foi, il guérissait « au secret », uniquement par la prière. Il suffisait d'avoir la foi, de mettre en Dieu toute sa confiance, pour être guéri. Et il est certain que beaucoup de personnes trouvèrent la guérison après lui avoir écrit. Il était d'une parfaite honnêteté, tout à fait désintéressé. Il n'acceptait aucun cadeau, aucun souvenir de quelque malade reconnaissant, pas même un timbre-poste pour repérer les lettres qu'on lui écrivait. Il distribuait tout ce qu'on lui envoyait ainsi aux pauvres de son village. Vialas se pleura avec douleur, et la nouvelle de sa mort sera répandue très loin. Dramatique cambriolage. — Marseille. — Dans la nuit de jeudi, deux cambrioleurs ont été surpris au moment où ils perçaient le plafond d'une bijouterie de la Grande-Rue, à Marseille. A la vue des agents, l'un des malfaiteurs, nommé Biancardini, se rua sur un agent, nommé François Bourges, et le frappa de dix coups de poignard ; puis, s'armant d'un revolver, il le déchargea sur le brigadier Rouqui. Un agent de la Sûreté, M. Roux, accourut au secours de ses camarades et tira à bout portant sur Biancardini qui, atteint dans la région du cœur, tomba mortellement blessé. L'état de l'agent Bourges est très grave ; le brigadier Rouqui a été que légèrement atteint au bras. Le second cambrioleur a été arrêté. Grave accident de chemin de fer. — Pau. — Le train de pèlerins n° 6, venant de Paris et se rendant à Lourdes, a été frappé hier, vers trois heures de l'après-midi, en gare de Pau, par un train de marchandises. Deux voitures, un fourgon et un wagon dans lequel se trouvaient soixante-trois voyageurs, ont été renversés et brisés. Mmes Bréhagues ont été grièvement mais non mortellement blessées, et huit autres voyageurs ; six femmes et deux hommes, ont reçu des blessures assez sérieuses pour nécessiter leur transport à l'hospice. Un certain nombre de personnes, une vingtaine environ, contusionnées légèrement, ont voulu continuer leur voyage. le convoi ayant pu repartir vers Lourdes aussitôt la voie déblayée, c'est-à-dire vers six heures. Tous les blessés sont originaires du département du Nord. ' Terrible incendie. — Chartres. — Jeudi, à midi, un violent incendie a éclaté, au village de Boulay-Manuel, commune de Frazé, canton de Thiron. Les flammes trouvant un aliment facile dans les récoltes nouvellement rentrées et les toitures en cheminée, ont atteint rapidement les maisons et les bâtiments agricoles voisins. Quinze maisons sur vingt-deux et de nombreuses constructions agricoles, s'étendant sur cinq à six cents mètres de long, ont été la proie des flammes. Malgré les secours apportés par de nombreuses compagnies de sapeurs-pompiers, les habitants et un détachement du 13e cuirassiers, de passage dans la région, les flammes ont dévoré le village dont les ruines fument encore. Le feu a duré dix heures. On a pu sauver les bestiaux, mais les habitations, les récoltes et de nombreux instruments agricoles ont été détruits. Quinze familles de cultivateurs sont sans abri. Accident mortel. — Grenoble. — Un accident, qui a eu des conséquences mortelles, s'est produit à la caserne du 4e génie, rue Joseph-Chanrion, à Grenoble. La victime de cet accident est un réserviste, nommé Laurent Bermond, âgé de 30 ans, ouvrier terrassier. Venu à Grenoble pour y accomplir une période d'instruction de dix-sept jours et classé à la 14e compagnie du 1er bataillon, Bermond devait être libéré jeudi matin à 11 heures. Mais, il avait obtenu, avec plusieurs de ses camarades, également libérables, la permission d'une heure du matin. Cette permission se passa en libations copieuses dans divers établissements de la rue Brocherie. Si bien qu'à une heure du matin, Bermond était à peu près ivre quand il réintégra la caserne. À tâtons, il gagna sa chambre, située au deuxième étage, à proximité de la place de la Poudrière. Mais, pris d'un besoin urgent, il eut tout à coup l'idée singulière de se satisfaire par la fenêtre. À cet effet, il approcha son lit de l'ouverture et s'assit à nouveau sur le rebord. Mais, perdant l'équilibre, le malheureux tomba dans le vide et alla s'abattre sur le sol caillouteux de la cour, d'une hauteur de 10 mètres environ. Personne n'avait rien entendu ; personne ne constata l'absence du réserviste, qui était tombé sans pousser un cri et qui resta étendu sans connaissance jusqu'à trois heures du matin. A ce moment, quelques soldats trouvèrent Bermond couvert de sang et râlant. Le sergent de garde, aussitôt avisé, fit transporter le malheureux à l'infirmerie, où le médecin-major, M. Marchetti, qui avait été mandé en toute hâte, vint lui prodiguer les premiers soins, puis, en raison de la gravité de son état, ordonna son transfert immédiat à l'hôpital militaire. A trois heures de l'après-midi, Laurent Bermond, qui n'avait pas repris connaissance et qui se trouvait dans le coma, a rendu le dernier soupir à l'hôpital militaire. La mort, pensent les médecins, est due à des lésions internes qu'il a été impossible, au premier abord, de déterminer. Le cadavre du malheureux Laurent Bermond se sera soumis ce matin à l'autopsie. L'infortuné réserviste laisse une veuve, qui tient, à Yeffia, prévenue, avec les précautions d'usage, du terrible malheur qui la frappe. ÉTRANGER Incendie dans une caserne. — Berlin. — On mande de Graudenz au "Walter Anzeiger" qu'un incendie a éclaté dans le magasin d'habillement du 2e régiment d'artillerie à pied, pendant qu'on donnait une fête en mémoire du général de Courbière. Au cours des travaux de sauvetage, on a découvert, dans les locaux en flammes, le cadavre d'un sous-officier d'habillement, tué d'un coup de revolver. On suppose que ce sous-officier avait commis des détournements et que ce fait est en correlation avec le suicide d'un sous-officier payeur qui s'est tué hier ici. SUPPÔNE T'IL QUOTIDIEN (LION) (Voitures) 10e HEMERY Petersbourg-Kosswitt (Benz) 1ère catégorie WASHINGTON Petersbourg-Moscou (F.I.A.T.) 2e catégorie SUPPÔNE PÆNIS LICHNER COURRIER DES THÉÂTRES On donnait "Faust", hier soir, à l'Opéra. Mlle Brozia paraissait pour la première fois dans le rôle de Marguerite; elle l'a chanté brillamment, avec beaucoup d'éclat et de sûreté, et ne l'a pas moins bien joué. M. Riddez fut un très bon Faust, et M. Grosse excellent, comme de coutume, dans le rôle de Méphistophélès; Mlle Mastio, Charmant Siebel; Mme Goulancourt, M. Duclos, remarquable Valentin, et M. Chappelon, complétaient une interprétation parfaite. Dans le divertissement, Mlle Aïda Boni fut particulièrement fêtée ; Mlle Barbier dansa, le rôle de Cléopâtre avec beaucoup de grâce, et Mlle Johnson fut une délicieuse Phryné ; de même Mlles L. Mante et Sirène furent chaleureusement applaudies. Aux Bouffes, M. Deval continue la brillante série d'engagements pour la saison prochaine. Nous annoncions ces jours derniers qu'il s'était assuré le concours de Mme Augustine Leriche. Nous pouvons dire aujourd'hui qu'il vient de se mettre d'accord avec Mlle Marguerite Deval et M. Defreyn pour la création des principaux rôles du Prince Consort, l'opérette de MM. Xarof et Chancel, dont le célèbre compositeur anglais, Yvan Caryll, a écrit la partition. C'est, aujourd'hui, samedi, à trois heures qu'à la Scala, la matinée organisée au bénéfice de Mme veuve Duchemin, avec le bienveillant concours de MM. Coquillon, Dalbret, J. de Féauxdy, Defrance, Léon Berton ; Mmes Berthe Bovy, Bertha Sylvain, Fréhel, Dern's, Guethaly, Dennarber, Laure Gui et Bérenger. La joyeuse revue centenaire. En Scala, j'marche, sera interprétée par Mmes Jeanne Bloch, Aimée Faure, Paulette Filliaux, Alice de Tender, Debièvre, Cartoux, Debriège; MM. Berton, Palau, Paul Clers, Fleury-Fontès, Saint-Paul, Liesse, Hamel, Vermeil, etc. On nous écrit d'Italie : On annonce l'engagement au théâtre Massimo, de Palerme, de Mme Jane Noria, la remarquable chanteuse qui chanta dernièrement à l'Opéra de Monte-Carlo. Mme Jane Noria créera Tristan et Yseult et une œuvre inédite, Venezia, de Storti, sur la demande du compositeur. Elle chantera en outre Charlotte de Werther et Elsa de Lohengrin. Cet engagement a été signé à des conditions fort brillantes. Ainsi que nous l'avons dit, les Folies-Bergère efforceont leur réouverture le 4 septembre avec un ballet de Mme Mariquita et P.-L. Fiers, dont la musique est due au maestro Goublier. De nombreux engagements ont été spécialement faits pour cette pièce, qui sera montée avec le luxe habituel du premier de nos musiques-halls. Citons tout d'abord Mlles A. de Tender, Davrigny, Mimi Fritz, Gino Perret, Pépé, Tophaine de Changis, etc., etc., aussi jolies femmes qu'habiles danseuses. Fusils Galand pour la poudre sans fumée. Solidité garantie par 14 épreuves. Exposition Universelle Liège 1905. GRAND PRIX Envoi gratuit et franco du Guide Galand. 13, rue d’Hauteville, PARIS. GALAND Armurier-fabricant. LES SPORTS Aujourd'hui, samedi 22 août, courses à Dieppe... Prix du Grand: JT Alc. — Epinal, Chenille. Prix de l'Île de Re. Norway, Ary. Prix de Varennes. — Ecurie Charron, Mithra. Prix de la Société des Steppes-Chasse. — Réflexion, Pyrénées. Prix de la Croix de Bois. — Pretty Alice, Alpaga. Prix de la Porte d'Arques. — Réflexion, Kellie III. F. Du Bois. Aéronautique / Les aéroplanes à Issy. — Il vient d'être décidé qu'au présent, les hommes-volants pourraient se livrer à l'... RENSEIGNEMENTS COMMERCIAUX BULLETIN du 21 Août 1908 Bourse de Commerce de Paris AVOINE SEIGLE FARINE Courant...... Prochain. Sept.-Octobre 4 derniers.... 4 de novembre... 18 25 17 93 17 80 17 95 18 05 17 60 17 85 18 10 18 10 18 29 28 70 29 80 22 85 23 05 23 45 31 25 30 90 30 85 30 80 30 90 Tendance.... Stable. Calme au fil du coton. Calme au fil du coton. Soutenu 2.750 3.750 ferme nul 300 Gournay..... Prochain... 4 derniers .. 4 premiers..... 8 d'octobre... 75 77 77 75 75 25 soutenu 20.000 11.800 41 75 41 37 50 36 25 21 25 59 82 39 12 28 50. calme calme 2.750 15.600 3.175 15.800 LE HAVRE, le 21 Août Cotons Laines Poivré Café Août... 62 62 - 134 50 58 .. 40 60 Septembre... 61 .. 134 50 52 50 40 59 Octobre 59 87 135 50 52 50 39 75 No-mabre...; 59 12 13B 50 '52 50 39 23 Décembre .. 58 87 136 50 52 50 39 25 Janvier. ..... 58 18 •136-50 89 .. Février. ..... 58 12 140 S0 • . , , , -■89'.. Mars. 58 12 140 50 *• •« 39 .. Ivril......... 58 ia 140 50 " M •• ' 39 .. ......... 58 .. 140 50 • • • • 39 .. Juin.......... 57 87 140 50 , , 39 .. Juillet....,.,. Tendance...-. 57 75 140 50 . . ,» • 39 .. soutenu calme calma ealrne - -VENTES j Cafés, ouverture... .. i, 000 Bacs». Gâtée, clôture .. 2,000 saca. MOUVEMENT MARITIME Le Havre ... A. St.-angl. Pommerania du Canada; st. all. Sachsenwald, Antilles; st. ang. Catelli, Antilles; st. angl. Skeldan, Cardiff; st. angl. Chomlen, Cardiff; st. angl. China, Southampton; st. fr. Jean-Bart, Dunkerque; st. fr. Gaulois, Brest; st. fr. Edouard-Cortier, Mortefontaine; st. fr. Vitry, Oignies; D. St. Douro, Marseille; st. fr. Deux-Frères, Cherbourg; st. all. Westphalia, Harbourg; st. angl. Columbia, Southampton. Rouen. A. St. suédois. Oresum, Göteborg; st. angl. Cornhill, Swansea; st. fr. Listrade, Hamburg; st. fr. Saint-Simon, Oran, D. St. Pyské, Oran; st. norv. Ganger, Rolie. Christiania. Dunkerque. A. St. Arnould, Saltaire, de la Hormaix, de La Plata. St. Hôlyice (angl.). SOUTH WESTERN RAILWAY PARIS A LONDRES - Par le Havre et Southampton. Tous les jours sauf le Dimanche. 1er cl. 42 f. 35; 2e cl. 31 f. 10; AR 1er cl. 70 f. 85; 2e cl. 50 f. 85: Ligne la plus commode pour les hommes d'affaires qui peuvent partir le soir, dans les deux sens, et arriver à Londres ou à Paris à l'ouverture des bureaux. Confortable, Cabines pour deux passagers ou familles. Bureaux: 253, rue Saint-Honoré. LA SHIPPING GAZETTE LE PLUS GRAND JOURNAL Maritime et Commercial du monde entier Quotidien à 12 et 16 pages Pour la publicité, s'adresser à M. Oscar Vigon, 12, rue Grange-Bâtelière, Paris. Devis pour publicité anglaise: Journaux, gares, affichage, Tramways, etc. GRAND HOTEL DES BAINS LIBO- VENISE 400 chambres. Au bord de l'Adriatique. Établissement de 1er ordre. Plage de sable très sûre. Café-Restaurant avec terrasse au bord de la mer. Jardins. Grandes allées le long de la mer. A. ZÉFIXO, Libre. HUILES SAVONS CAFÉS DEMANDEZ PRIX ET CONDITIONS ED. & M. HOUTER SALON (Provence) MARSEILLE. Le coût moyen... CONCOURS L'emboucheur du Syndicat des Banquiers en Valeurs au Comptant près la Bourse de Paris. 31, rue Hébert, SÉNEGAL, négociant de toutes valeurs cotées et non cotées à Paris et sur toutes les places françaises et étrangères. Téléphone : 319 T 93 CESSATION D'EXPLOITATION À vendre excellents chevaux et jaloux de trait, âgés de 4 à 6 ans. Toutes garanties. S'adresser : M. Henri, 127, rue du Département, Paris. DEMANDE comptable, homme ou dame, avec expérience. S'adresser M. Chausson, 101, r. Caulaincourt. On recherche pour former société de capital de 100.000 francs en actions de 1.000 francs d'entreprises de gros rapports d'un magnifique Propriétaire reste intéressé. Comptoir International de Paris, 7, rue d'Amboise. AVIS D'ADJUDICATION Le samedi 19 Septembre 1908, à 1 heure dans la Salle du Conseil de Préfecture au Tribunal de Commerce, adjudication en 3 lots des travaux ci-après à exécuter pour la construction d'un Hospice Départemental de Vieillards à Villeneuve (Seine) lieudit « les Barmonts » en bordure du chemin vicinal de grande communication n° 11. Nature des travaux Évaluation Cautionnement approximatif 1. Ferronure et charpente 459.391 2. Chantier pont en bois 350.724 70 3. Cheminements, égouts et canalisation d'eaux 238.174 73 Pour tous renseignements s'adresser à l'Hôtel de Ville (Service d'architecture du Département) de 10 heures à 12 heures. Dernier délai pour le dépôt des demandes le mardi 8 septembre 1908. 15.000 fr. 10 000 fr. 8.000 fr. 6.000 fr. 4.500 fr. fruits Primeurs Marées. Le médecin des halles, M. Gibier, et l'entreprise conservatrice, situées à 9, rue Berger, Paris, expédient, reçoivent et consignent pour tous les produits de choix pour les cours, clubs, cercles, grands hôtels en France et étranger. La maison est représentée aux Halles de Londres, aux Fish Market de New York, au Bois-Sarcel, aux Floral Halls de Haïti et au Continental Circle. Chemins de fer de Paris-Lyon-Méditerranée Relations entre Paris et la Suisse. — Train express de jour pour Berne, Lausanne et Brigue. (V.-R., 1re et 2e classes à couloir. 1re et 2e classes Paris-Berne). Aller. — Départ de Paris : 8 h. 25 matin. Retour. — Départ de Lausanne : 3 h. soir (départ de Berne : 2 h. 05). II. — Trains express de nuit pour Berne, Interlaken, Lausanne et Brigue. Aller. — a) Départ de Paris à 10 h. 25 soir pour Berne, Interlaken, Lausanne et Brigue. — V.-R., 1re et 2e classes à couloir Paris-Berne ; V.-R., L.-S. : Paris-Berne du 1er juillet au 30 septembre ; V.-R., L.-S. : 1re et 2e classes Paris-Interlaken, du 1er juillet au 15 septembre. Nota. — A partir du 30 septembre, le départ pour Berne s'effectuera à 10 h. 15. b) Départ de Paris à 10 h. 15 du soir pour Lausanne, Brigue. — V.-R., L.-S. : 1re et 2e classes à couloir Milan (par le Simplon). Retour. — Départ de Lausanne à 10 h. 42 soir ; départ de Berne à 9 h. 46 soir. Feuilleton du SIECLE du 22- août 1908 TERRIFIANT MYSTÈRE Couverture fantaisiste complète fantaisiste Cœurs perdus dans les déserts anglais Pour Dieu, viens! Viens vite! Le jeune Lee s'est noyé. C'est Harrington qui vient de me l'apprendre. Le docteur n'est pas là, je suis accouru le chercher pour te le remplace; mais viens immédiatement. Peut-être y a-t-il une chance de sauver ce pauvre garçon. As-tu un cordial quelconque? Non. — Je vais en chercher; j'ai une bouteille de Whisky chez moi. Smith remonta quatre à quatre les escaliers, prit la bouteille et redescendit le plus vite qu'il lui était possible, lorsque, passant devant la chambre de Bellingham, il fut témoignagé d'un spectacle qui le cloua sur place de stupéfaction. La porte qu'il avait soigneusement refermée derrière lui, en sortant, était grande ouverte et là, droit en face de lui, éclairé en plein par la lumière de la lampe, se trouvait le sarcophage. Quatre minutes auparavant, il l'avait vu fermer; il en aurait plus la main au feu. Et maintenant, ses planches encadraient étrangement la forme desséchée de la momie qui, toute droite, grimaçante, effroyable, terrifiante, semblait, du fond de ses yeux caves, regarder la porte. Le corps était immobile, inerte; mais Smith, qui de contemplait avidement, put remarquer comme un léger souffle de vie sur le visage décharné, comme une vague lueur consciente au fond des petits yeux à demi enfouis dans l'orbite trop large. Il en ressentit un tel frisson d'horreur, une telle épouvante, qu'il en oublia complètement ce qu'il faisait là, ce ne fut que lorsque monta la voix de son ami, qui l'appelait de la cour, qu'il revint à lui et put enfin détacher ses regards de la face plissée et décharnée. — Mais viens donc! Smith le criait. C'est une question de vie ou de mort! Dépêche-toi! Ah! bon, je te voilà, ajouta-t-il, au moment où apparaissait l'éclatant jeune médecin. Eh bien! maintenant, nous allons faire un temps de galop. C'est à près d'un mille d'ici et il nous faut couvrir la distance en moins de cinq minutes. Pour sauver un ami, on se sent des meilleures jambes que pour courir la plus riche des coupes. Coude à coude. Les deux jeunes gens s'élançaient dans les terrines, et ils ne ralentissaient qu'au moment où, hors d'haleine, et à bout de forces, ils arrivaient à la maisonnette qui s'élevait près de la rivière. On avait étendu sur le sofa le corps flasque et ruisselant d'eau du jeune Lee ; ses cheveux noirs étaient entrelacés de mousses vertes et un pli d'écume coulait de ses lèvres coulées de plomb. Agenouillé à côté de lui, son ami et condisciple, Harrington, s'efforçait à réchauffer, en les frottant, les membres glacés du jeune homme. — Il me semble qu'il respire encore, fit Smith, qui avait posé la main sur la poitrine du jeune homme. Mets donc ton verre de montre tout contre ses lèvres, Hastie ! Oui ! Voici une légère buée. Prends-lui un bras et fais lui faire exactement les mêmes mouvements que tu me verras faire à l'autre. Nous le tirerons de là. Pendant dix longues minutes silencieuses, ils unirent leurs efforts, cherchant à rétablir mécaniquement les mouvements respiratoires. Au bout de ce temps, un léger frisson se fit savoir séculer le corps du jeune homme, ses lèvres frémirent, et il ouvrit les yeux. Les trois étudiants poussèrent un irrésistible cri de joie. — Allons ! réveillez-vous, vieux ! Nous vous avons assez longtemps effrayés ainsi ! — Tiens ! prends du whisky ! Bois-en une gorgée à même la bouteille. — Tout va bien maintenant ! dit son camarade Harrington. Dieu du ciel ! Quelle frayeur j'ai eue ! Je lisais là tout tranquillement, pensant qu'il s'était allé faire une promenade jusqu'à la rivière ; soudain j'entendis un cri et un bruit de chute. Je me précipitai dehors ; il me fallut un certain temps pour le trouver et le repêcher, et lorsque je l'eus ramené à la rive, tout semblait fini. Je n'avais avec moi que Simpson, qui ne peut pas marcher, et que je ne pouvais par conséquent pas envoyer chercher le docteur. J'y courus moi-même, mais je ne sais vraiment pas comment, je me serais tiré de l'affaire sans vous. Et te voilà de nouveau des nôtres; toi, vieux copain ! Allons essayons maintenant de reassortir maintenant. Monklinouse Lee s'était soulevé sur les mains, et regardait tout autour de lui, d'un air — Que s'est-il donc passé ? dit-il. Je suis inondé ? Ah ! oui, je me souviens ! Une expression d'épouvante envahit ses traits, et il cacha sa figure entre ses mains. "Comment es-tu donc tombé à l'eau ?" "Je n'y suis pas tombé." "Alors, quoi ?" "On m'y a poussé. Je me tenais près du bord, quand, de derrière, je me suis senti empêché et projeté en avant dans la rivière. Je n'ai rien entendu, et je n'ai vu personne ; mais malgré cela, je sais très bien comment et par qui j'ai été précipité à l'eau." "Et moi aussi ! murmura Smith. — Vous voyez enfin clair dans tout cela ? lui dit Monkhouse Lee. Vous vous souvenez du conseil que je vous ai donné ! "Oui, et je commence à croire qu'il serait prudent de le suivre." — Que je sois pendu si je comprends un traître mot à vos histoires, dit Hastie. Mais il me semble qu'à votre place, Harrington, j'en verrais Lee se coucher sans plus de délais. Il sera toujours temps de discuter le pourquoi et le comment de ce qui est arrivé lorsqu'il se sentira un peu plus fort. Quant à nous deux, Smith, ce que nous avons de mieux à faire, c'est de nous en aller. Je m'en retourne au collège ; si tu viens dans cette direction, nous pourrons bavarder un moment ensemble." La conversation des deux jeunes gens fut peu animée. Smith ayant l'esprit trop pénétré des événements de cette soirée pour se sentir en veine de causerie. Il pensait à l'inexplicable absence de la momie, lorsqu'il était entré dans la chambre de son voisin, au pas qu'il avait entendu tout près de lui dans l'escalier, à la réapparition extraordinaire, et plus inexplicable encore de ce spectre hideux, puis à cette attaque contre Lee, survenant si tôt après la récente agression, dont un autre de ceux à qui Bellingham en voulait, avait eu à se défendre. Il tournait et retournait dans sa pensée ces différents événements, il les rapprochait d'autres incidents de moindre importance, mais qui, déjà, l'avaient mis en défiance contre son voisin : en particulier des étranges circonstances dans lesquelles il avait été appelé au près de lui. Ce qui, au début, n'avait suscité en son esprit que de très vagues soupçons, que de fantasmagories caquotisques, se précisait maintenant, s'imposait à sa raison comme la plus effroyable des réalités, comme le plus indéniable des faits. Et cependant, cela dépassait les bornes de l'imagination, c'était inconcevable, monstrueux, impossible. Mis au courant de ces événements, un juge impartial, l'ami qui marchait là à ses côtés, ne manquerait pas de lui répondre que ses yeux levaient trompés, que la mort était bel et bien dans le sarcophage la première fois qu'il était entré dans la chambre de Bellingham, qu'elle n'avait pas pu en sortir, que le jeune Lee avait tout simplement buté contre une pierre, contre une souche d'arbre et qu'il était tombé dans l'eau, ainsi que cela peut arriver à chacun ; que, lorsqu'on est livré à de telles folies imaginaires, on lâche son travail et on se soigne. Il pensait que c'était là ce qu'il aurait dit lui-même si les positions avaient été inversées. Et en dépit de cela, il était prêt à jurer que Bellingham était un assassin en pensée, sinon en fait, et qu'il disposait d'une arme plus mystérieuse, plus terrible, que toutes celles dont il est fait mention dans les annales de la cryptie. En le quittant pour regagner sa chambre, Hastie l'avait plaisanté d'une façon assez morose sur sa taciturnité, sans réussir à le dérider et Abercrombie Smith, qui, par la cour principale, s'en retournait à sa tourelle, ne voulait surmonter les sentiments d'hostilité que lui causaient maintenant son petit logement et les souvenirs qui l'y attendaient. Il se dit qu'il suivrait le conseil de Lee, qu'il changerait le plus tôt possible de domicile ; aussi bien comment se livrer à un travail sérieux, quand l'oreille et l'attention sont constamment sollicitées par les moindres murmures, les moindres bruits provenant d'un appartement voisin. Il remarqua, en traversant la pelouse, que la fenêtre de Bellingham était encore éclairée et, au moment où il passait sur le palier, la porte s'ouvrit et Bellingham parut sur le seuil en face de lui. Avec sa mauvaise figure aux traits bouffis, il ressemblait à quelque araignée monstrueuse qui vient de tendre sa toile. - Bonsoir ! dit Bellingham ; ne voulez-vous pas entrer, un instant chez moi ? - Non, certes ! lui répondit sèchement Smith. — Non ? Vous êtes donc toujours aussi occupé ? J'aurais aimé à vous demander ce qui en était de Lee. J'ai ouï dire qu'un accident, lui était arrivé et j'en ai été peiné. Ses traits étaient grades, mais on pouvait discerner comme un éclair de raillerie sur son visage pendant qu'il parlait. Smith, qui avait remarqué cela, en éprouvait une indicible fureur, il aurait volontiers assommé d'un coup de poing son interlocuteur. — Vous serez sans doute encore plus peiné d'apprendre que Monkhouse Lee est bien, maintenant, qu'il est hors de danger ! répondit-il. Pour cette fois du moins, vos maléfices diaboliques n'ont pas eu le résultat que vous en attendiez. Oh ! inutile de vous révolter ! Je ne me paye plus de mots ! Je sais ce qui en est. Bellingham recula d'un pas et ferma à demi sa porte, comme pour se protéger contre le jeune homme dont la colère allait monter — Vous êtes fou ! fit-il. Qu'entendez-vous dire ? Oseriez-vous prétendre que je suis pour rien dans l'accident dont Lee a été la victime ? — Oui, s'écria Smith, d'une voix tonnante. Oui, c'est vous qui en êtes l'instigateur, vous ! qui avez tout fait, assisté en cela par ce spectre immonde qui est là, derrière vous. On ne brûle plus aujourd'hui, comme autrefois, les gens de votre espèce, mais nous avons encore un bourreau en Angleterre et, par Dieu, je vous préviens que si aucun de nos condisciples meurt assassiné pendant que vous êtes parmi nous, je vous rendrai responsable de son meurtre, et je vous ferai pendre haut et court, où j'y perdrais mon nom. Vous apprendrez à votre dam, mon beau monsieur, que la justice anglaise touche le meurtrier, quel que mystérieuse que soit l'arme dont il s'est servi. — Vous êtes fou ! fou à lier ! dit Bellingham. C'est ce que nous verrons ! Mais n'ayez garde d'oublier ce que je vous ai dit, car, au terme, vous apprendriez à vos dépens ce que je vaux plus que mes paroles. La porte claqua, et Smith, au comble de la fureur, remonta dans sa chambre, où il s'en ferma à double tour et passa la moitié de la nuit à fumer sa vieille pipe de bruyère, en réfléchissant aux étranges événements de cette soirée. £1 suivre -, (SAMEDI 22 AOUT 1908.) |
github_open_source_100_8_20032 | Github OpenSource | Various open source |
import * as IStyle from './IStyle';
type func = () => void;
export interface ILineGuide {
type?: 'line';
top?: boolean;
start?: object | Array<number | string> | func;
end?: object | Array<number | string> | func;
style?: IStyle.ILineStyle;
}
export interface ITextGuide {
type?: 'text';
top?: boolean;
position?: object | Array<number | string> | func;
content?: string;
style?: IStyle.ITextStyle;
offsetX?: number;
offsetY?: number;
}
export interface ITagGuide {
type?: 'tag';
top?: boolean;
position?: object | Array<number | string> | func;
content?: string;
direct?: string;
side?: number;
offsetX?: number;
offsetY?: number;
background?: object;
textStyle?: IStyle.ITextStyle;
withPoint?: boolean;
pointStyle?: IStyle.IPointStyle;
}
interface IRegionStyle {
lineWidth?: number;
fill?: string;
fillOpacity?: number;
stroke?: string;
}
export interface IRectGuide {
type?: 'rect';
start?: object | Array<number | string> | func;
end?: object | Array<number | string> | func;
style?: IRegionStyle;
}
export interface IHtmlGuide {
type?: 'html';
position?: object | Array<number | string> | func;
alignX?: string;
alignY?: string;
offsetX?: number;
offsetY?: number;
html?: string;
}
export interface IArcGuide {
type?: 'arc';
top?: boolean;
start?: object | Array<number | string> | func;
end?: object | Array<number | string> | func;
style?: object;
}
export type IGuide = ILineGuide | ITextGuide | ITagGuide | IRectGuide | IArcGuide | IHtmlGuide;
type IGuideConfig = IGuide | IGuide[];
export default IGuideConfig;
|
sn84020558_1905-08-05_1_1_1 | US-PD-Newspapers | Public Domain | Lodging house and furniture for sale on easy terms, a money maker for the right party. E. E. Pascoe, 110 North Center St., Real Estate and Loans. $200 cash down and $1700 on monthly installments like rent will use with bath and gas. 110 X. Center St. Loans. A five room house, shade. K. E. Pascoe, Real Estate and Loans. SIXTEENTH YEAR. PHOENIX, ARIZONA, SATURDAY MORNING, AUGUST 1905. VOL. XVI. NO. 7 8 REPUBLICAN PEACE ENVOYS Program for Their Formal Reception OYSTER BAY'S BIG DAY Nothing Has Been Left Undone to Show this Government's Regard for the Warring Powers Through Their Respective Plenipotentiaries. Oyster Bay, Aug. 4. Final arrangements were completed tonight by President Roosevelt for the reception of the Russian and Japanese peace envoys tomorrow. The reception which will be a formal greeting to the representatives of the belligerent powers by President Roosevelt on behalf of the United States government will take place on the cruiser Mayflower, the finest vessel of her class in the navy. It will take place at 1:30 p.m. and will be attended by a notable demonstration in honor of the distinguished guests of the country who have been designated by their emperors as their representatives to the Washington peace conference. The president and state and navy departments will unite to extend a cordial greeting to the plenipotentiaries and to facilitate in every possible way the peace of Europe. Their mission of peace. Every honor due to their rank will be paid to the envoys, and the cordiality of the president on behalf of the American people will leave nothing to be desired. The cruiser Mayflower arrived here and cast anchor in the lower bay early this afternoon. She is under command of Commander Cameron Winslow, the president's naval aide, and carries a full complement of 250 men. Her interior furnishings are beautiful and she has been especially fitted for this occasion. It is expected that the Sylph, the president's naval yacht with Assistant Secretary of State Herbert D. Pierce and some of the guests invited to the reception of the envoys, will arrive tomorrow morning. Secretary Pierce, who in the absence of Secretary Root, will represent the department of state, accompanied by his guests, will go aboard the Mayflower, probably about noon. He will be accompanied by Rear Admiral Charles IX Sigsbee, as a representative of the navy and Major General Frederick D. Grant, commander of the department of the east, as a representative of the army. The Russian and Japanese plenipotentiaries and their suites will leave New York tomorrow morning, the Japanese at 9 o'clock and the Russians at 10 o'clock. The departure will be from the foot of east Twenty-third street. The envoys and their suites will make the trip to Oyster Bay in the sister ships, the Chattanooga and the Tacoma. Thus they will not meet until they reach here and are formally presented to the president of the United States. The cruisers are expected to arrive in the outer bay, that bearing the Japanese envoys about 11:45 o'clock and that bearing the Russians an hour or so later. President Roosevelt will sail aboard the Mayflower at 1 o'clock. As soon as his flag is displayed, the Japanese plenipotentiaries, Karon Juttaio Komura, minister of foreign affairs, and Kogoro Takahira, the minister of Japan to the United States, and their suite will proceed to the Mayflower in launches from their cruiser. As they go over the side, a salute of nineteen guns will be fired in their honor, the crew will dress the ship and they will be received on deck by Commander Winslow and his officers in special full dress uniform. They will be escorted to the handsome main cabin, where Assistant Secretary Peirce will present the envoys and each member of their suite to the president. LIQUID VENEER The very article you have been looking for to clean up your furniture. Convenient, Clean, Cheap D. H. BURT IS, 15 E. Washington St. If you are a Graduate of the LANSBORO BUSINESS COLLEGE You are drawing a Good Salary. THE PHOENIX NATIONAL BANK PHOENIX, ARIZONA Paid-up Capital - $100,000 Surplus and Undivided Profit. $90,000 E. B. GAGE, President. J. McCI.CNO, Vice-President. R. B. BURMISTER, Cashier. Steel-lined Vaults and Steel Safety Deposit Boxes. General Banking Business. Drafts on all Principal Cities of the World. INTERESTORS E. B. GAGE, K. M., Murphy, D. M. Kerry, V. V. Hamilton, F. T. Alkire, George N G age, R. N. Fredericks, L. H. Chalmers, H. J. Metlung. UNION BANK AND TRUST CO. AUTHORIZED CAPITAL $100,000.00. PHOENIX, Ariz., J. L. McDowell, Cashier, 30 N. CENTER ST. Officers and directors: W. F. Nichols president; Dr. J. M. Swetnam, vice president; Geo. H. N. Luhrs, treasurer; D. Nicholson, auditor; F. L. Blumer, secretary; A. J. Edwards, attorney; Harry Kay, Director. We conduct a general banking business, 4 percent interest on time deposits. Safety deposit boxes for rent. THE PRESCOTT NATIONAL BANK PRESCOTT, ARIZONA. UNITED STATES DEPOSITORY. Paid-up Capital $100,000.00 Surplus and undivided profits $75,000.00 F. M. MURPHY, President, MORRIS GOLDWATER, Vice-President. R. N. FREDERICKS, Cashier. A. W. M'CASH, Assistant Cashier SAFE DEPOSIT DEPARTMENT. Such exchanges as may be made at the time will be purely informal. In turn, the envoys and other officials of the special mission will be presented to the guests of the president on board. At the conclusion of this ceremony, the Russian plenipotentiaries, Sergius Witte, president of the committee of ministers and Baron Rosen, the Russian ambassador to the United States, accompanied by their suite, will board the Mayflower and in the same formal manner be received and presented to the president. The envoys of the two powers then will be presented formally to one another when every effort will be made by the president and Assistant Secretary Peirce to render the ceremony natural and easy as possible. These ceremonies concluded, a luncheon will be served and in order to avoid any unusual questions of precedence, the luncheon will be a buffet collation. This will avoid the seating of the guests at the table with the president. The party at the luncheon will number about twenty-five. Shortly after the luncheon, President Roosevelt will take leave of the envoys and will return to shore in a launch. The pennant will be lowered. and another salute will be fired as he leaves the ship's side. From the Mayflower, the Japanese envoys and their suite will be conveyed to the dispatch boat Dolphin, which will be anchored nearby, the Russian envoy's and their suite remaining on the Mayflower. On these ships, the two sets of envoys will be conveyed to Portsmouth, N.H., where the sessions of the peace conference are to be held. Soon after the departure of the guests, the Mayflower and Dolphin will weigh anchor and start on their journey, convoyed by the cruiser Galveston. The president and Mrs. Roosevelt today informally entertained Sergius Witte and Baron Rosen, the Russian emperor's plenipotentiaries, to the peace conference. The distinguished visitors arrived in Oyster Bay on the 12:30 P.M. Long Island railroad train from New York. They occupied on the journey, a special car which had been attached to the train for their exclusive use. The journey to Oyster Bay was begun directly after services in St. Nicholas' cathedral in 97th street, attended by the plenipotentiaries. Prayers were offered at the service for the envoys personally and for the successful accomplishment of their mission of peace with all honor to their emperor and to Russia. M. Witte and Baron Rosen who had been accompanied to the church services by Russian Consul General Leodgensky and by Vice Consul General Schilling made the trip to Oyster Bay. Near them, however, were two New York Central detectives who had been detailed to afford each personal protection, and a United States secret service. Operative, who had been designated to act as the personal guard of M. Witte by the United States government. A number of residents of Oyster Bay had assembled at the station to see the Russian envoys. As they alighted from the train, they were confronted by a battery of cameras backed by a lot of enterprising photographers. Baron Rosen waved them aside indicating evident displeasure. The envoys were led by messengers from the president's official household, and escorted by the officers, were directed to a carriage which the president had sent to the station to convey them to Sagamore Hill. Neither M. Witte nor Baron Rosen would make any comment upon their visit. They entered the carriage in waiting and, with Secret Service Operative Burns on the front seat, were driven rapidly to the president's home in time for luncheon. President Roosevelt had M. Witte, who was present to him by Ambassador Rosen, a most cordial reception, and they chatted informally and animatedly before the luncheon was announced. Soon after arriving at Sagamore Hill, Baron Rosen entered to the president, a vigorous protest against the actions of some of the photographers. Continued on Page 3 EASILY GARDNER'S Rufe Turner Lasted Only Eleven Rounds It TooK Just Three Seconds of the Last for the Delivery of a Knockout Blow. Colma, Cal., Aug. 4. The largest crowd by far in the history of the Golden Gate Athletic association crowded the pavilion here this evening to witness the scheduled twenty-five round contest between Jimmy Gardner and Rufus Turner. Gardner won the fight in the first three seconds of the eleventh round, with a terrific right to the body. Turner showed to the better advantage in the first two rounds only. After this the fight was all Gardner's. In the fourth sound, he made Turner look like a novice. Turner took a brace in the seventh round and partially evened matters, but it was only temporary. All during the fight Gardner displayed remarkable cleverness in ducking and blocking. Turner was unable to reach him with any effective blows. With the conclusion of the tenth round Turner went to the floor after receiving several hard rights on the body and was saved for the time being only by the bell. When the bell tapped for the eleventh round, Turner came up groggy and Gardner rushed over to Turner's corner and ended matters with a terrific right clean to the wind. There was considerable roughing all through the ten rounds. THE ROUNDS. Round 1 Gardner landed a stiff left to the body. Turner was short with a hard left to the wind. Turner landed a light right to the face and blocked a hard left to the body. Turner was the aggressor and landed rights and lefts to the body and face. It was Turner's round. Round 2 Turner landed a light left to the face. In a mix-up, they exchanged lefts to the face. Gardner landed a light left to the face. Turner missed with a vicious right uppercut that was intended for a knockout. They exchanged rights and lefts. Gardner readied Turner very low just before the gong and Turner dropped to his knees, claiming a foul, but Referee Hoch told him to fight, and sent them to their corners at the bell. Round 3 Gardner landed a hard right to the head and was fighting with more confidence. Turner landed a terrific right to the face. Gardner forced Turner to the ropes and indulged in rough tactics. They exchanged rights and lefts in the center of the ring. The round ended in a fierce mix-up in the center of the ring with honors even. Round 4 Gardner landed several hard lefts to the nose, which brought the claret profusely. The round ended in a mix-up in the center of the ring in which Gardner had all the best of it. It was Gardner's round. Round 3 Gardner landed a hard right on the mouth, which sent Turner's head back. Turner rushed but was stopped with a hard left to the face. At this stage, both men appeared tired. Turner landed two hard lefts to the face as the bell sounded. Honors were even. Round 11 Turner forced the fighting, but did no damage. They exchanged stiff lefts to the face. Turner rushed his man and got in a hard right to the face. Gardner landed a stiff left to the wind at the gong. Round 8 Turner reached the head with a light left. They clinched, with no damage. Gardner did some beautiful blocking. Gardner rushed Turner to the ropes and engaged in some rough tactics. Turner's seconds claimed. Lot 4 in block 1, Simms addition, $500. Three and one-half acres in Linville addition with pro rata water right in Salt, $800. Very cheap. E. J. BENNITT 16 North Center Street. FOR SALE A very highly improved 20 acre tract, small house splendid shade, good well, located close to Tempe with water right in canal and pumping company. Remarkably low price if sold soon. Also small brick residence at Glendale. Very, very cheap. Money to loan at lowest prevailing rates on hay, grain and cattle. DWIGBT B. HEARD Center and Adams Street. A foul, but it was not allowed. It was Gardner's round. Round 9 Gardner landed a light left to the head and forced the fighting. They engaged in some more rough tactics just before the bell, in which Turner appeared to be the chief offender. Round 10 Both indulged in some tame in-fighting, the referee having considerable difficulty in separating them. Gardner landed two hard lefts to the wind and a hard left to the face. Gardner sent Turner to the floor with a hard right to the wind. Round 11 Gardner Kelley knocked Turner out in the beginning of the round with a clean right to the wind. CALLING IN THE DRAB UNIFORMS Soldiers Look Too Much Like Officers in the Garb. Benicia, Cal., Aug. 4. An order has just been received at the Benicia barracks announcing that all olive drab uniforms now in the possession of the men, did not enlist alone. And neither did she land in Oyster Bay today, Dr. Jas. enlisted men must be called in at once, come alone. She had on hand an engine that was procured from the company. The doctor and How are, it is said, only 300 of these olive family affairs, namely the securing of and Leich killed it. They found it to drab uniforms among the men, and of a little sister from the custody of their be of a dangerous species. It measures this number about seventy are in the father who had obtained her in a very red eight feet in length and was the Benicia barracks. The reason for this action is that the enlisted men, when dressed in these uniforms, can hardly be distinguished from the officers and on several occasions mistakes have been made in their use. THE BASEBALL FIELDS Results in Several League and Association Contests. AMERICAN LEAGUE. Philadelphia 8, Detroit 2. Second game: Philadelphia 2, Detroit 4. Washington 6, Chicago 5. New York 7, St. Louis 3. NATIONAL LEAGUE, Chicago 2, Boston 1. Pittsburgh 7, New York 5. Boston 7, Cleveland 5. COAST LEAGUE. Portland 1 5 6 Oakland Batte: H. Hogan, Stanley; Essick, and McLean. Tacoma San Francisco Batteries Emerson and Hitt, and Wilson. Seattle Los Angeles Graham; .5 11 2 .1 0 5 Batteries C. I Ta II. Haner, Blankenship; W. Hall and Spies. RUSSIAN RAILWAY STRIKE. St. Petersburg, Aug. 4. An official account received here today of the strike on the Crosski Vladikavukaz railway describes a sanguinary encounter between troops and workmen who were attempting to prevent the departure of a mail train. After one Cossack had been killed, the strikers advanced menacingly, whereupon the infantry fired, killing thirty strikers and wounding twenty-two. EQUITABLE APPRAISER. New York, Aug. 4. President Paul Morton of the Eouitahle Life Assurance society today appointed Douglas Robinson, President Roosevelt's brother-in-law, special appraiser of the real estate owned by the company. ESCAPED SECOND TIME. Congressman Williamson on Trial for Land Frauds. Portland, Ore., Aug. 4. The second jury disagreed in the case of the United States against Congressman Williamson, Dr. Van Gessner and ex-Commissary Biggs, charged with a conspiracy to suborn perjury. The jury was out forty hours and took seventeen ballots, the votes standing six to six. Judge Wm. H. Hunt of the Montana district court, will preside at the third trial of the defendants. KANSAS GIRL DIES IN PANAMA. Stella Cortely One of Muscotah's Victims of Yellow Fever. Washington, Aug. 4. The Panama canal commission received a cable message from Governor Magoon today reporting the death from yellow fever of Stella Cortelyou, a stenographer, from Muscotah, Kan., who was employed in the auditing office in Panama. There were no additional cases. D. C. Lively, an American non-employee in Panama, has recovered. WILL EMBARRASS CONSUELO. When the Duchess Arrives Divorced Parents Will be Nearby. New York, Aug. 4. Mr. and Mrs. O. O. H. P. Belmont have gone to California. They will return from the Pacific coast toward the end of September to receive the Duchess of Marlborough and her children in their place in Hempstead. Mr. and Mrs. W. K. Vanderbilt, Sr., will be at Idlehour, in the same time. The duchess will find her ingenuity taxed to avoid giving undue offense to father and mother. Her mother, who was formerly Mrs. W. K. Vanderbilt, is now Mrs. Belmont. DUTCH KILLED 260 NATIVES. Punishment Meted Out to a Rebellious State in the Sunda Islands Amsterdam, July 31. The Dutch expedition sent against the rebellious native state of Boni, in the island of Celes, one of the Sunda islands in the East Indies, inflicted severe punishment on the natives, 260 of whom were killed. The fortifications of Badjoewa, one of the chief towns, were razed by the guns of the warships. CUSTODY OF A CHILD Family Drama With One Scene Laid in Phoenix Bangor Girls Make Two Trips Across the Continent as the Result of Trouble Between Parents. A personal mention was made in The Republican a few days ago to the effect that Miss Rose Piper of Bangor, Maine, was in the city and would remain for some time. The announcement was true but the duration of her visit was not known. was much shorter than had been expected, for she has gone and she is regular manner, according to the story of both her and her husband. regularity was employed in taking her away from him. It was the easiest and perhaps the best way Miss Rose was accompanied by a gentleman who was prepared to resort to other methods involving the processes of the law, if necessary, but it wasn't. And now the time are on the way to their eastern homes, the little girl who was the subject of all the shrewd manipulation on both sides, sweet and innocent and happy, in the thought that she is going to rejoin her mother. The father, Joseph Piper, formerly a citizen of Bangor, a business man of good reputation and of considerable means, has been unfortunate from one cause or another and is now engaged in a part of the time, in the somewhat lucrative but less pretentious business of vending tamales on the Phoenix streets. Whatever his motives were, for the past he has played in the following story there is no effort to interpret them now for the interest in the story lies in the experiences of his sixteen-year-old daughter who for the past year had been the daughter of the city. Auvergne, auve.nu.es d.e..01 uiipdui- " ',eu- l,le-v,,ave ueen lo y lne le:isl' i.-j u.-woucw. miwcmui n.e ! story is nmv mof!t lik n d''ed in- cident and as it has at last come to ! Ughl runs in the following manner: About three months ago Mr. Piper appeared at the photograph studio or. j to take every step in his over v M. W. Mealey with a little girl more San Juan, Porto Rico, Aug. 4. The situation and notify him what f.;. -than usually prepossessing with beau- Cuban steamer Julia, just arrived. j there action it is possible for it.- f- '. tiful brown eyes, black hair and of from Santo Domingo, brings official j ei al authorities to take. He a '.so small of her age and evidently inexperienced in the ways of the world. The recent uprising in Barahona, a prov- l.e deemed it wise.. Dr. W; rrii: a--father introduced her as his daughter ince on the southern coast of the Do- j knowledeed the receipt and will rei--." Lulu and asked if the photographer minican republic, has been successful- tomorrow. could give her work. He was told by quelled. General Candelario de la j Governor Blanchard's election: there was nothing she could do unless Rosa, who headed the rebellion, has tained a resolution adopted at a meeting of all the commercial and learning the business. A few days later, the revolt broke out. At the meeting of all the commercial and learning, the state health officer questioned her closely and asked her where she was living. On being informed he was very much surprised, for he did not consider the locality a proper one for a person of her years and condition. Then he went to see JEROME WILL RUN AGAIN. SOUTH CAROLINA QUARANTINE. Mr. Piper and got his permission for the Charleston, S.C., Aug. 4, May. Luis to live his home until better. That is, if 2,000 Electors Petition; Rhett has proclaimed a guarantee against yellow fever points to take. Harrity had the girl taken to her residence at the Menley home when it became apparent that she was agitated and very much afraid of her father. Being urged to tell more about herself, she concluded to them the fact that she had been taken captive by persuasion and partly by force, from a happy home with mother and sisters in Bangor. Her father was hurried on board a boat and taken to the home of her aunt in Dorchester, Mass., where she was kept for a week under surveillance almost equal to prison life. She was forced to use an assumed name and warned not to attempt to communicate with any of her family or former friends under pain of some terrible punishment. In the course of a few weeks, a ticket was provided for her and her aunt placed her on a train for Phoenix, repeating her injunction of the necessity of silence and threats or threats. Cal., is to be increased in punishment if it was broken, and tell her that her father would meet her. Home for her. The home he took her to was a cheap lodging house, the reason for which was the fact that she had been a cheap lodging house. So...c BwU The people found some who are not so good. Her meals were provided in the cheapest of restaurants repulsive to one who had hitherto lived only in cultured surroundings. The danger of communicating with her mother was further impressed upon her and, she says, with threatening emphasis. Though her story seemed strange and unbelievable, the Meales at once induced the girl to communicate with her eastern relatives, promising to protect her against her father in the event he made her trouble. She did so, further correspondence ensued in which her story seemed to be true. In the evening, Rosie Fluer arrived home. She came quietly, avoiding. In the city, the family home is in Bangor, and the father, Joseph Piper, was a well-known and respected business man. About twelve years ago, she says, he met with reverses that threw him into the bankruptcy court and the conditions were such that he thought it best to go away and did so. He secured a divorce from his wife without her knowledge and in a manner the daughter sent him. Continued on page 3. PORTLAND A. A. U. MEET. The Programme Made up of Junior Events. Portland, Aug. 4. The Multnomah Amateur Athletic club team today won the junior A. A. U. meet, scoring 69 points to 26 nearest competitors, Olympia, San Francisco. Parsons of the Olympics broke the junior record, running a hundred yards in ten seconds. Gorman of Chicago equaled the "third yard record." Gilbert of Multnomah broke the junior broad running jump, with 21 feet 9 inches. The senior events will occur tomorrow afternoon. A SHARK IN OYSTER BAY. Fisherman Killed a Monster Near the President's Private Landing. New York, Aug. 4. While fishing near President Roosevelt's private yacht, ever hilled in the vicinity of Oyster Bay, plans are making to rid the bay of these monsters. They have frightened the bathers and deserters. Oyster Bay was famous. REACHED THEIR GOAL Arrival of Secretary Taft and Party in the Philippines. Manila, Aug. 4. Secretary Taft and party arrived here this morning, and were welcomed by a gorgeous water pageant. Governor General Wright, Major General Corbin, Rear Admiral Train and staff met the party. The procession, which was formed by the fleet, fired the regulation salute for the secretary of war. The party left the shop and proceeded to the governor general's residence, where an official welcome was tendered to Secretary Taft. The crowd lined the streets which were beautifully decorated. SANTA DOMINGO REVOLT ENDS, De la Rosa's Little Rebellion Quickly Quelled, But He Is at Large. In the jail in the town of Barahona and it is asserted that his friends rose in arms purposely to set him free. New York, Aug. 4. District Attorney Jerome announced last night that he is a candidate for re-election as district attorney, provided he is nominated by petition, which under the election. Law requires 100 signatures. Mr. J. Promf says he is not desirous of being mayor and never has been. He wants to be district attorney if electors will come forward and they want him. Mr. Jerome issued a statement which he said he believed he had served honestly and efficiently, and adds: "But I do not propose to remain in office by the grace of any man or group of men such as I have indicated, and consequently of the manual of the company. The THIRTY-FIFTH PIPE LINES. The Association from Pacific to Montana, in addition to the six already in operation, this is expected to enable the R much greater amount of oil. Its present capacity is about 7,000 barrels a day capacity is about 7,000 barrels a day capacity is about 7,000 barrels a day capacity. With the added power close to 10,000 barrels may be handled. With even this addition to its capacity, the line can hardly come up to the big one now planned by the Producers' Union Co., which will be ten inches in diameter, the largest on the Pacific coast. The right of way for the new pipe line, has already been secured. QUARREL ABOUT HOGS CAUSE KILLING. E. Boss was shot by L. Baker here Saturday right, died last night. The shooting was the result of a quarrel between the two men. Men about some hours, a man who had been captured, captured. A reward of $100 has been offered for his arrest. ROYAL VENSKY IS SITTING UP. Pains in One Foot, However, Still Keep Him From Walking. Tokyo, July 31. Admiral Rojestvensky's condition has made satisfactory progress since the operation was performed upon his forehead. He was able to leave his bed and sit in a chair yesterday. Pains in one foot, however, prevent his walking freely, but no cause for uneasiness exists. The admiral has expressed his sincere satisfaction at the treatment accorded him. SINISTER SIGN Good American Names in Fever Death List Upon to Find its Aid in Summing the Slowly but Sudden Rising Tide of Death. New Orleans, July 4. The following is the fever record tonight at New Orleans: New cases, 43; deaths, 5; total cases, 4. The larger proportion of missing names in today's list than has appeared is the only place in the record which causes uneasiness. The case is making inroads in others. Dr. Brady, traveling inspector of the state board of health, reports that the arbitrary action of the quarantine in stopping all traffic has been overruled and through train service, the Texas and Pacific. To continue, it is expected that the city will rescind its arbitrary action, too. Acting Surgeon Mayfield, the chief medical service, wired from the Echo, Texas, that he had turned over to the authorities twenty people who had been at the Avondale detention city. The camp near Hanrahan on the Central and the Mississippi Valley roads, has been named and Wyman, and is opened for traveler. Camp Kontainbleu will be ready in Monday. GOVERNMENT CALLED IN. The Fever Too Much For City State Authorities. Washington, Aug. 4. Roosevelt tonight forwarded to Secretary of State Bryan of the health and marine hospital, a telegram from Governor Bushfield, Louisiana, requesting the United States government to take charge of the fever in New York. The president directed the survey of the association and the mayor of the association, appealing for relief and providing for the people generally. DELAWARE TO GO ABROAD. An Extensive Trip Planned for the Topeka Financier. Topeka, Aug. 4. Charles J. Levy, Topeka, Aug. 4. Charles J. Levy, the bankrupt merchant, is making preparations for an extensive trip as soon as he is health will permit him to travel. His wife and children will accompany him. After a tour of the continent several days will be spent in Ireland. George L. Coe, ex-auditor, stated today that he will be in the Salvation Army hospital in Topeka. A few years ago, a few years ago, a young man, and is very liberal in his support, that church. He was appointed on the subject of a gift for the Salvation Army hospital by "Mother" Florence, who probably is the best known Salvationist in the state. "We are establishing a hospital," said "Mother" Florence. "We know that we are a big coal dealer and our men are making coal at cost." "How much coal you use in a season?" was asked. "About sixty tons." "I think probably we can't say that." Right," said the financier, ending the interview. "Since that time," said Mr. Col., recounting the incident, "the Salvation Army hospital has been supplied free coal. Mr. Devlin, not only paid for its transportation to Topeka from his mines, but he has let the drayage from the railroad to the hospital." THREW THE BALL AND DIED. 16-Year-Old Lad Struck Over the Heart by a Foul Tip. At Nasby Corners, yesterday, a man struck over the heart by a fall. He threw the ball back to the pipe, and dropped dead. CHOLERA EPIDEMIC IN MADRAS. Refugees From the Famine Patients of British India: the Victims. Madras, British India. A epidemic of cholera prevails among the refugees from the famine-stricken districts who have been crowded in the city for weeks. Numbers of victims have been found dead or dying on the streets. The death rate is very low. A thousand. |
7083016_1 | Wikipedia | CC-By-SA | Kali Cakung är ett vattendrag i Indonesien. Det ligger i provinsen Jakarta, i den västra delen av landet, km nordost om huvudstaden Jakarta.
Tropiskt regnskogsklimat råder i trakten. Årsmedeltemperaturen i trakten är °C. Den varmaste månaden är augusti, då medeltemperaturen är °C, och den kallaste är april, med °C. Genomsnittlig årsnederbörd är millimeter. Den regnigaste månaden är december, med i genomsnitt mm nederbörd, och den torraste är september, med mm nederbörd.
Källor
Vattendrag i Jakarta.
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historyofpenn00bate_5 | English-PD | Public Domain | Ri bhan, Peter do. Renni r. Francis do. Seller, Jacob do. Seltzer, Louis do. Stoffriegen, Conrad do. Stehly, Henry do. Seifert, William do. Sturm, Joseph da der, John do. Schwann' r, Brust do. Schwartz, George da Seip, Martin do. Stolu, George do. Scheibelhnt, Jacob da Thumm, F. J da Volkert, F. A da L. Anthony da Wcitzel, Frederick da Wischub, Cotlieb. do. Woltsam, Peter do. Wandit bs, (Joui^c da Zapf, Charles do. Zeppenfeldt, Frederick...„do. C O M P V N V Q 1.1'RUTTED AT II EWELLYK, M 1H YI.KLI. CDINTY. MUSTERED IN, APRIL --. 1*U. J lira m Chance Captain. 1 1 Thomas Partridge, second Sergeant, Philip FitzDalrick, John Private. Jones, Daniel do. Kutz, Charles do. Kutz, Charles do. Labenburg, William do. Labenburg, Lewis do. Manning, Daniel do. Miller, Andrew do. Moran, John do. M'Nulty, Cornelius do. Maurcr, Charles do. Murray, Michael do. Mulhall, James do. Maley, John do. Mining, Jacob do. Rhodes, Peter do. Runyan, Harrison do. Roney, John. do. Ranklin, George do. Straw, William do. Shoffstall, Joseph A do. Thirwell, Robert S do. Updengrove, Henry do. Wilson, George do. Wilson, James do. Wesner, Samuel do. Weary, Benjamin do. Weary, Israel do. Young, George.. do. Zimmerman, Peter do. Zimmerman, John II do. Company H RECRUITED AT POTTSVII-T-.K, SCHUYI.KII1I1 COUNTY. MUSTERED IN, APRIL 22, 1801. Charlemagne Tower Captain. James Ellis First lieutenant. Henry Pleasants .Second Lieutenant, William J. Hinkle First Sergeant. Henry Fisher > Second Sergeant. Edward C. Baird.T Third Sergeant. John J. Huntzinger Fourth Sergeant. Samuel M. Ruch First Corporal. David B. Hoffman Second Corporal. Daniel II. Leib Third Corporal. Hugh Mullin .^- Fourth Corporal. Abraham Nagle Musician. Cornelius Trout do. Acorn, Martin Private. Bailey, John do. Batdorf, John H do. Burluchy, Charles do. Bolich, John do. Bowman, William d'>. Boyor, Jacob do. Brown, James B do. Buch, Joseph do. Campbell, Thomas do. Christian, Charles do. .Coller, Mahlon do. Conyngham, John R do. Cowley, Samuel do. Cooper, John do. Cropland, Charles do. Cniikshank, John do. Davis, Frederick W do. Davis, Thomas N do. Dillman, Daniel D do. Douty, William do. Edwards, Richard do. yitasimmons,. Thomas J do. Foltz, George W do. Garber, Andrew do. Heffnor, Samiifl do. 9 Hazzard, Charles Private. Hower, John do. Hood, James do. Jones. Zachariah do. Kautfman, Jonas II do. Kibler, Henry Z do. Krauth. Herman do. Krebs, Frank do. Laubenstein, Samuel B do. Lavenberg, John do. Leech. George do. Leonard, Frank do Lebengood, Frank do. Lee, Luke do. Lilley, Oliver WT do. Lynch, Hugh do. Martz, John do. Matz, Georere W ...do. M'Elrath, John do. M 'Shier, John do. Mervine, Jacob do. Overbeck, George W do. Parvin, Frank J., Jr do. Paul. John do. Rinker, Robert M do. Root, David Y do. Rose, Thomas J do. Shollenberger, Gabriel do. Seigfried, Daniel do. Snyder, John do. Spotts, Jacob do. Stone, Elisha do. Titus, Edgar R do. Weaver, George J do. Weinman, Andrew do. Weir, Allen do. Williamson, Henry do. Wren, William do. Yerger, Elias^ do. 66 SIXTH REGIMENT, Com p a n v i !.: ■ !.! in D .\ i Mai I w CHUXK, CAP.noN l 01 M MTJSTERBD JN. APRIL 22, 188L Jul m Craig Captain. Samuel Sburlock ... - First ] William Bel ford & i I I Thomas B. Kalbfus I . :nt. Nlcbi >1 i ■ & cond >• r Willi.ua DeWitt Third - Washington I 51 • .... Four: Samuel S. Smith First I < '. l ". i S ■ rporal. ■ Brown Third Corporal Wayne Winti rs Fourth Corporal. CL irli - l .. I !1 erly, J r Musician. Charles Sigman do. Andes, Peter Private. Bloomey, II. -nn do. r Dtino, John do. B I, Willi. mi J do. i . Andrew do. Baui r, Leonard i q, John Bryne, David do. i ,Peter do. Buck, Nathan do. B , ] erl da r. -, Wilson do. B 5, A I :• I !-•■•.'. R do. ( . 9 do. I' igherty, Peter do. Da . William do. Dii trick, Henry do. Funk, rge W d. i. Fink, Lewis Gilmore, Arcby do. Go -in. .in. i 'ha'rli 3 d >. Grei a, John do. Gabn I, J. ph K do. on, John •: Horning, Fr< derick do. Horn, Thomas do. Heaton, James do. Kindlin, John Priv do, Klineer, William do. do. 1 •'. ....'. I,:, La e, J. -• ph Leisenring, . ■ R do. I ind ph i n MM rautz, John M' Donald, Robert do. r, William, 1st .1 ■. Miller, William, 2 ! I. Marl to, Ad mi ■ . A . I . I '. Overli it, < Overhout, Sim □ K do. P ■ t, I Mil do. . Otto II, Henry 1'. try, Alex Rothwcll, Joseph do. Reinmiller, Pi ter Smith, ! W do. Seta r, '■'• do. : . Andrew J do. r, Lewis Si it, William. do. Shellhami r, Isa ic W do. Smith, Charli - D do. Smith, Jami - K :.n It Thomas, James B Th"::.: Samuel. i t, John do. Y<>rk, James ..". do. do. COMl' A N Y K 11 ITED AT M.\l I II i IHNK, CARI'.ON lulNIV. MUSTERED IN, APRIL 23, 1861. Thomas Wilhelm Captain. Patrick J. Hughes First Lieutenant. J b Am It Second Lieutenant. Charles J. Cooper Fir-; Sergi ant. .i j Warner Second Si rgi ant. Daniel C.Tubbs Third Sergeant. Franklin Siegfried Fourth Sergeant. Rol ert Depuy Fir-t Corporal. John B. Wnssi r Second Corporal. [] l '. Brown Third Corporal. S. G. Ege Fourth Corporal. George E. Williams Musician. Gi orge II. Williams da Arrowman, John Private. Acker, Cornelius n, Samui 1 R do. Brighton, .John Bi rtri nstock, Tilghman do. BilliD ' r da 1 t, Martin do. Burritt, John do. • ph Bruner, Lewis Private. 1 w, Charles Conaty, Thomas Conly, .!(><. ph Chandler, 1 >avid I da Call, William .1 I • I- :., I'.dwar 1 E d I. Dunbar, James d>>. I I w !,• y, Jam. 9 Dugan, Danii 1 do. Fritz, John Fiddler. John •'. \ - '-k. .1 ■. v. William do. Arris, William R. Arris, Jonas Haines, William Hoffman, Henry Hoffman, Henry Hoffman, Henry Hoffman, John Hoffman, John Hoffman, John M'Gowan, Owen Manninger, Charles Miller, Thomas Moore, Philip Miller, Henry Miller, Henry do. Slacker, William do. Slater, George do. Shadle, Frederick do. Smith, Joseph do. Thomas, William do. Whartford, Henry do. Wharren, John do; Young, Edward D.......do; Zimmerman, D'anie&vfWvr.do; Seventh Regiment. The Seventh Regiment was recruited under the order of Gen. Curtin, in obedience to the proclamation of the President. The companies rendered at Camp Cm! in. and the regiment was organized by Adjutant General Biddle, on the 22d of April. The following were the field officers and commissioned: Win. H. Irwin, of I. own, (then at Washington, a private in the ranks of the Logan Guards,) Colonel. C. H. Rippey, of Pittsburgh, Lieutenant Colonel; P. P. Robin, of Pittsburgh, Major. Henry J. Myert was appointed Adjutant. The regiment, under command of Lieutenant Colonel Ripp, led by rail to Charabersburg, on the 23rd of April, and encamped near the town, where it was joined soon after by Colonel Irwin, who assumed command. Regular drills were ordered, and continued while the weather would permit, but were seriously interrupted on the 28th, when it rained and snowed heavily. Some difficulty having been experienced in seeming good and sufficient rations, Colonel Irwin requested that they should be supplied in bulk, and caused vests to be purchased and issued, and the bread baked by contract. On the 31st of May, shoes and clothing were issued by the regimental Quartermaster. Strict discipline was enforced and regular battalion drills and dress-parade were held, the quarters were thoroughly laid out and the men were well-dressed. The men were well-dressed and their clothing was of the best quality. On the 25th of May, the regiment left camp and marched to Chambersburg, where, on being drawn up on the public square, it was presented by the ladies of the town with a national flag, which was received on behalf of the regiment by Lieutenant Colonel Rippeyinan appropriate speech. This ceremony over, the regiment marched some four miles into the country to accustom the troops to the march. These marches were frequent and very useful. The utmost kindness was shown to both officers and men by the people of Chambersburg and vicinity. During the last days of May, several regiments of infantry, on the first of June, a battalion of cavalry, reached Chambersburg. Soon after, Major General Robert Patterson and Major General George Cadwalader and staffs arrived, followed by artillery and a large wagon train, all indicating that an active campaign up the Shenandoah valley was soon to open. The Seventh regiment was assigned to the 3rd Brigade of the 1st Division. The Brigade struck tents on the 8th of June; and commenced cavalry. Remaining until the 14th, the Brigade again struck tents, and moving through Hagerstown, again went into camp near St. James' College, and soon after advanced to Willianisport. Late in the evening of the 19th of June, an alarm was raised, and the long roll called the whole Brigade to arms, the line of battle being quickly and quietly formed; but beyond distant picket firing nothing further was heard. On the 25th, the rebel cavalry attacked some union soldiers who had ventured across the river, but were repulsed, losing six men and three horses. General Scott had directed General Patterson, if equal or superior in number, to cross the river and attack the enemy. As yet, the command was unprovided with artillery; but as more explicit orders were received to advance, at early dawn on the 2nd of July, the troops commenced fording the Potomac, and by eight o'clock the whole army was in motion, the air ringing with the exultant shouts of the men. The march was continued to Martinsburg. Private property was respected, but the contents of an extensive flouring mill, containing a large amount of grain and flour, the owner thereof being a captain in the rebel army, were, by general order, confiscated for the use of the army. There was also captured, and staved, one hundred and fifty barrels of whiskey. The cheering news, of the successes of General McClellan in West Virginia, reached the army of the Shenandoah on the 4th of July, the anniversary of independence. A national salute was fired, which served the double purpose of celebrating the ancient renown, and the latest triumph. On the 7th, Captain Gerard and Lieutenant Enright, with fifteen men, advanced about a mile beyond our picket line and captured and brought in three of the enemy's pickets, with rifles, revolvers, sabres, and three horses. The regiment moved with the brigade to Bunker Hill, and thence to Charlestown, where it went into camp near the town. Six companies, under command of Colonel Irwin and Major Robinson, were detached from the regiment, and ordered to make a reconnaissance in the direction of Winchester. Leaving camp at midnight, they advanced about six miles, and came to a point where a rebel vidette had been posted. In-Chief, dated 27, saying: "I had expected your crossing the river today." I infer from this that orders have been sent to me to cross and attack the enemy. If so, I have not received them. Captain Newton, of the Engineers, returned at midnight, after two days' absence in the direction of Sharpsburg and Dam No. 4, and reports, on information he considers reliable, five thousand men from Falling Waters to Dam No. 4, four thousand five hundred men in the vicinity of Shephordstown under General Jackson, and a reserve of five thousand five hundred men, under General Johnston, near Bunker Hill. He also reports twenty to twenty-four guns, and a large cavalry force with General Jackson, and thinks General Negley, whose brigade is on my left, near Sharpsburg, will be attacked, the river being formidable at almost every point. The artillery horses are untrained, and we are still without harness for the battery. I have repeatedly asked for batteries, and ought to have one for each Brigade, but have none. The artillery horses are untrained, and we are still without harness for the battery. Only one fit for service sent me was the Rhode Island battery, and that the General-in-Chief was compelled, by the necessities of his own position, to take from me, when most wanted, and within a week after it joined me. Conduct of the War, p. 126, No. 21. In the regiment, the enemy's videttes were withdrawn, and expressed the opinion that the casualties were falling back toward Winchester, which opinion, subsequent events have been correct. Marching to Key's Ford, on the Shenandoah River, where an attack was made on our rear, General William at the scouting party, which crossed the ford and examined the right bank of the river for a considerable distance, and reported that there was no sign of an enemy in that direction. The term of service being about to expire, the Seventh was ordered by General Patterson to march to Dingerstown, and thence by rail to Harrisburg in the mustered out of service. At two o'clock A.M., on the 22nd, the regiment, About seven hundred strong, with eleven heavily loaded wagons, left camp for Shepherdstown, where it crossed the Potomac at a new ford, the roads leading to it being constructed under the supervision of John Robinson, and over which the heavily laden wagons were taken with great difficulty. Marching by way of Sharpsburg to Hagerstown, the regiment moved thence to Harrisburg, where the companies were ordered to their original rendezvous for pay and muster out of service. William H. Irwin, Colonel. Oliver H. Thompson, Lieutenant Colonel. I. P. Robinson, Major. Henry R. Myers, Quartermaster. George Coist, Jr, Quartermaster. Charles R. Fuller, Surgeon. James M. Thompson, Assistant Surgeon. C. O. May, A. M. A. M. MUSTERED IN APRIL 23, 1864. Maurice Wallace, Captain. Morgan R. Bryan First Lieutenant Etony W. Horbach Second Lieutenant John Reynolds First Sergeant Calhoun Second Sergeant Daniel C. Collins Third Sergeant William B. Kaullinan Fourth Sergeant John Valloy First Corporal John Longstaff Fourth Corporal Edward S. Magee Musician Donahoe do. Ackerman, Henry Private Ackerman, Charles do. Baker, Christopher do. Boyd, Samuel da Edward E do. Brown, John II do. Brown, Joshua da Ruck, William da Byron, William do. Casey, Timothy do. Caldwell, Michael da Clark, James do. Clair, John do. Connelly, Daniel do. Davis, William A. K do. Dunn, Michael do. John, Robert da Patrick do. Giant, Henry do. 11. m | hill, (it orge do. Jami a R da Johnson, John....» do. John s, James a da Kiggins, John do. Kipp, Edward da THREE MONTHS' SERVICE. Kress, Anthony Private. M'Annich, Elias do. M'Closkey, Charles do. M'Clung, O. C do. M'Gee, James do. M'Ginness, Edward do. M'Laughlin, Patrick do. M'Mahon, Samuel C do. M'Mahon, Charles do. Marshall, William H do. Mason, Patrick do. Mitchell, Daniel W do. Morris, John do. Neilie, Robert, Jr do. Norminie, Thomas do. Perkins, Charles do. Prince, William do. Richards, William Private. Ippey, William do. Rhodes, Charles II do. Rowe, Richard do. Ruch, Conrad do. Silverthorn, David R do. Shields, William do. Smillin, Owen do. Stevenson, John II do. Stone, Cyrus H do. Weeks, William W do. Whiteside, William do. Whiteside, William do. Wiggens, James do. Wheelan, James do. Wise, Elisha do. Company B RECRUITED AT ALLEGHENY, ALLEGHENY COUNTY. MUSTERED IN, APRIL 23, 1801. Casper Gang Captain. George Gerst, Jr First Lieutenant. Charles Geeb Second Lieutenant. Louis Ridenbaeh First Sergeant. Mechor Shilling Second Sergeant. Henry Rise Third Sergeant. William Lentz Fourth Sergeant. John Mohr First Corporal. Louis Buchter Second Corporal. Charles Klein Third Corporal. George Schneider Fourth Corporal. Charles Rose Musician. Philip Feth do. Abel, Conrad Private. Bcchours, Charles do. Bentel, George do. Broiler, George do. Betz, Christian do. Braum, Charles do. Brecht, Michael do. Eckert, George.. do. Eiber, John do. Eichler, Joseph do. Faber, Christian do. Fries, John A do. Granlich, Joseph. do. Gruennagel, Philip do. Goehring, John do. Goetling, Conrad do. Herron, John do. Hickman, John H do. Hiller, William do. Hollinger, John do. Jacob/ Henry do. Koppell, Henry do. Krachcnbuh!, John do. Kunddell, Adam do. Koerner, Eugene do. Leckricn, Peter Private Lini ngcr, Frederick do. Lantz, Joseph do. Langner, George W. W do. Minehart, John do. Michael, Adam do. Neighar, Henry do. Ochnrler, Oscar do. Pool, Michael do. Petereius, Henry do. Roehrog, Charles do. Roth, Melehor do. Riemssclmider, Conrad do. Reiner, William do. Reiner, Herman F do. Reis, Christian do. Reuswig, George do. Seifritz, Matkias do. Schwab, Frank do. Seip, John do. Schultz, John do. Stemler, Valentine do. Schmidt, John do. Schilling, Anton do. Schaber, Conrad do. Schell, Frederick do. Schaefer, John do. Steiger, Emanuel do. Traup, Charles do. Vonmoas, John do. Voalp, Philip do. Wilnem, William do. Wilhelm, Frederick do. Wagner, John do. Williams, Louis do. Wolf, John do. Waldneyer, William do. Zender, John G. F do. Company C. RECRUITED AT FREDONIA, BERKS COUNTY. MUSTERED IN, APRIL 23, 1861. Isaac Schrcoder Captain. Henry R. Myers First Lieutenant. Peter Y. Edelman Second Lieutenant. Franklin B. Lancks First Sergeant. Henry S. Boyer Second Sergeant. j William C. Baker Third Sergeant. Reuben Kauffman Fourth Sergeant. Isaac Pott First Corporal. George Foos, Jr Second Corporal. I Jeremiah H. Hauck Third Corporal. si.\ i.r. jii kllno Fourth ( •I. Hauck. do. . I h I ville do. in s do. i '. iron do. ; do. v. i' do. J do. r, Alexander i i li ...do. i . '•'■ a <; do. . -' ■:•.<• I . 1 lw.tr. I i do. do. . .!<»lin do. !. Jool do. I i b .li1: in do- ries ll:ifer, Israel do. Ilunti r, Daniel ...d.>. J [arm r, Jamea 1 1 do. i , Hi nry do. Hoi Jacob '1 '■ Har)x>ld, Henry 11 . Samuel B.... do. I . i r. dcrick do. I :. David do. J I, EbenozerC Lnucka, Henry R Lin). ! ..do. -!i do. Mover, Aaron do. . John M'Noldy, Mahlon A do. ian, William do. Rotl . Gindi r I ....do. • do. i Schr< . ! . ■ ory iriah do. do. . Hi i v Shull ' I R .11 do ■ - do. Voj :, William do. Wenfzel, do. v. • Iner, John .1 oiel Williams, John do. run '1". ilomon do. Company D. RECRUITED AT PLEASANTVILLE, BERKS CoTNTV. Ml 3TERED IN, A.PRIL 23, 1861. i S. Herbst Captain. Samui l Baua First Lieutenant. & coi I i • ■ riant. < '■',. Kline First Ser Abraham Ruppert Si mdSei i r Third - Edward F. Kocd Fourtl .< .i. Nash Firs! Cor] William Hassler S i rporal. if r Third Corporal. LenhardSwizhard Fourt I. J i i rick Musician. i \ tead do. I. Benjamin Private. Brutzman, Abnor <1". I . I ronry do. • . Henry do. i , \ braham do. . Marcus il". . i i inklin '1 . Henry <1". i bat, William <1". Clouser, Simon do. | . Levi do. . William .1". Cracki us, Daniel do. r, Jacob do. i b. D n id 11 'I i. r, William do. r -ii. 1 do. do. I r, Francis <!"• Fori man, William do. in, Benjamin .1". 1 I . V • I I Willi mi do. i Jonas .1". ]| ounnan, Jool R - Harris, Joseph Privaie. l gerford, George F do. Hum Harper, Edward do. r. Charli - do. 1 lenry do. . • List, John i : . John s do. Lins, Franklin.. do. Moy< r, Dai do. do. Miller, Michai 1 do. Murron, Jam \ dp. Mitchell, John do. Mat hi w .i.l lenry do. Paul, David da naugi r. Franklin Reimer, John do. 1. William : i incis .... Richards, i ■ ilius do. Spocht, Franklin do. Sj lor, Amos do. Staufcr, Dani< 1 do. S. 11. : I . Paul do. Stout, S do. rs, H. John do. Sub . " 1 do. . r, William do. Albert d.». . \ ,.. do. Strunk, l"\i do. phraim do. Wit ■ . J . I ' .nifl ...do. 1 ,P d ■• THREE MONTHS' SERVICE. 73 Company E RECRUITED AT ALLEGHENY, ALLEGHENY COUNTY. MUSTERED IN, APRIL 22, 1861. Frank J. Robinson Captain. Horatio Tyler First Lieutenant. Gustavus Braun Second Lieutenant, William Harris First Sergeant. Samuel Glass Second Sergeant. David Dill Third Sergeant. retor Kennedy Fourth Sergeant. Loyd Simpson First Corporal. James Grenet Second Corporal. Alfred Masonheimer Third Corporal. William Quinn Fourth Corporal. Isaac Richey Musician. James Dickson do. Bonner, Thoinas Private. Brown, Robert P do. Beale, Adam do. Burke, William II do. Boyd, Samuel do. Crooks, William C do. Coates, Charles P do. Cowell, William do. Coleman, George W do. Cinnamon, Thomas do. Cailor, John do. Dennison, James do. Dyal, Harrison do. Drane, David do. Eelkins, John do. Fritz, George do. Grissell, Adam do. Grinnell, Christian do. Green John C do. Hanna, William do. Hutchinson, Amos do. Hughey, Mortimer do. Heough, Joseph do. Heanchy, Arnold do. Johnston, John do. Kelages, William do. Kaufman, Casper Private. Kirkpatrick, William do. Kirsh, Jacob do. Lillie, Sylvester do. Lingerfelter, Charles do. Leritz, John A do. M'Clelland, Reed do. Marshall, George do. Maisaick, Michael do. Medder, Gregory do. Mercer, Alonzo do. Murdoch, John do. M'New, John W do. M'Kain, Simon do. M'Kelland, John do. M'Vicher, William do. Meyers, Conrad do. Moss, Frederick do. Nellis, Andrew do. Sarver, William do. Sill, Joseph do. Sorberey. George do. Sailer, Michael do. Scoot, Andrew J do. Shiel, Jacob do. Slaplieton, Patrick do. Topper, William II do. Tompkins, John W do. Tonanco, John do. Walker, Robert do. Walker, John J do. Wadlow, Alexander do. Wasson, Joseph do. Zimmer, Jacob do. Company F RECRUITED AT PITTSBURGH. MUSTERED IN, APRIL 22, 1861. Joseph Gerard Captain. Anderson Faith First Lieutenant. William C. Enright Second Lieutenant. Alexander Johnston First Sergeant. Bartholomew Scanlon Second Sergeant. William Keenan Third Sergeant. Michael Russel Fourth Sergeant. Charles Levi First Corporal. William H. Lewis Second Corporal. John W. Bell Third Corporal. Jacob Linderwick.. Fourth Corporal. Randolph Curry Musician. Asron, Powell Private. Amer, Joseph do. Butcher, Gotlieb do. Bamford, Benjamin B do. Belser, Frank, do. Beardman, Frank do. Brosey, John do. Brown, Robert do. Bothwell, Alexander do. Brueston, John do. Craig, Neal '. do. Campbell, William C do. Conrad, Potter. do. Davis, Howell Private. Donahoe, Michael do. Detrick, John do. Delker, Crist do. Evans, William do. Eckart, Frederick do. Fillman, Ernest do. Fisher, Jacob do. Fox, John W.. do. Graham, William do. Geddis, William do. Gciser, John B do. Guiney, Jacob do. Hunter, Alexander S. B....do. Hart, Thoinas do. Heiipenbug, John do. Hall, Joseph do. Jones, William. do. Kettenberg, Henry do. Kaul, Adam do. Koch, William do. Laindiger, John do. Lally, Patrick do. Littner, John do. Lensingburg, Franklin S...do. 1 REV] Ni II REGIMENT, Private. Mori Murpliv. Jei Morin, Dan •.rv, William M K;. lough, Michael ird. ■ ; ■ W do. I , v. do. i . ard. do. Private. Btaaf..l •• • Bl ■ ■ S jo. Till. II do. ••• do. P A N V G II ED AT RKADING, 1:1.1 MUSTERED IN, APRIL 23, 16C1. Albert F. Rlghtinyer Captaiu. is Wise l ' nant- H. v. Ih ' nant. John G. Ulricb • Anthony II. Her " Abraham Latsbav Third William Runyeon I J i ... First C. r| William ll. Di hart S Thomi i 1 George Ilart Fourth Corporal. riGinder M ! : ■ . Binneville Anthonv, John C l Bachman, C) rl. do. i till, Marks do. Bank, - I do. Bi •■■ n, William E do. I • -. .i in ■ do. Burkert, Augustus do. . \\ illiam do. Wiihani do. Berkert, I as do. R il - r, Danii l l> Berstler, James do. nuelT do. Clymer, William do. Deem, A do. Dyer, Edward Denbart, John ' .rge do. Edgi t, E > do. I I i Goodliart, Martin S do. W do. . William do. ind, l evi do. , Hi nry A do. !l. i. rt, William do. Haucl - Private. il do. [{ i do. K I. Samuel do. n C do. - do. a do. William do. do. an do. . . William do. -do. 01 p liah R. I . Hi nry J do. do. do. 1 do. d •. Simon. do. William do. I '• - . -. John l\. do. - : do. UfredJ do. Stout, Jat - I do. hn do. do. :. Jami s 11 do. Whiiui s D do. v. do. V. : dO. v. ,Frank B do. do. -. John A do. Wit man, John do. I [PANT U nECBTJITED AT BOALSBCBO, CT.NTRJ COtTNTV. MT STERED IN. \ i IS01. I ri M'Farland Captain. John Ito.d. Pint Lietitmunt. WlUlatn N. Ri Ucy B< ■ ' (i, orgo A. Jacobs I \. l yd Hutchison, i s-rgonnt. C. UOrei nnugh Third Adam Hesa Fourth Sergeant. Ororpe Cronmlll 1 ' ' rporaL v. vni Snoop _ 8 '! raL J ' > •. ....Third * i - _...] .. i . Musi William 1. do. 1 . Icromiah H 1 • THREE MONTHS' SEKYICE. 7fi Beck, John Private. Benjamin, James do. Burchfield, Penrose J do. Burchfield, Aaron do. Barts, Jacob do. Brown, George W do. Brown, Jerry C do. Cornmesser, William B do. Campbell, David S do. Cramer, Andrew do. Dennis, Samuel B do. Dale, Alfred do. Duffle, George do. Daughenbaugh, Jacob do. Delane3', John do. Eckcnroth, Henry do. Eckenroth, Charles do. Evey, Henry do. Forbes, Henry do. Fox, Joseph do. Fulton, John do. Farber, John H do. Garner, Daniel do. Gray, William I. do. Harrison, Michael D do. Haughenberg, Hiram do. Haughenberg, Harrison. do. Harpster, John H do. Harman, Charles do. Hoy, John II do. Hook, John do. Johnsburgh, Alfred do. Johns, David II Private. Jacobs, John II do. Kepheart, William P do. Kerbern. George do. Koons, William T do. Lytic, Isaac do. Lytic, Griffith do. Lyle, Robert do. Musser, William H do. M'Ooole, Jacob do. Miller, John do. Martz, John do. Moore, David do. Maloney, Harvey do. Mays, James by. do. Minick, Benjamin F do. M'Ready, Daniel do. Ozman, George do. O'Brien, Daniel do. Parker, Daniel S do. Parsons, David do. Roop, Samuel do. Reed, William do. Roto, Michael do. Shor'thill, James do. Shoop, James P do. Singleton, George do. Stewart, James T do. Williams, Samuel H do. Wort, Philip do. Yarnell, Harvey do. Company I. RECKUITED AT NEWSTOWN, MIFFLIN COUNTY MUSTERED IN, APRIL 22, 1861. Henry A. Zollinger Captain. William H. McClelland... First Lieutenant. James Couch Second Lieutenant. Amos W. Wakefield First Sergeant. Thompson Wiece Second Sergeant. Michael Dillon Third Sergeant. Samuel Eschbach Fourth Sergeant. Jackson D. Stoneroad First Corporal. William A. Troxal Second Corporal. James P. McClintic Third Corporal. John W. Nelson Fourth Corporal. William L. Harding Musician. Henry H. Fortney Barcus, Steel Private. Brimmer, John do. Black, George W. do. Bringman, Andrew do. Broom, George do. Beisel, Franklin do. Blumenlodder, Lewis do. Cam bell, James do. Collins, Samuel do. Cherry, John do. Cork ell, Jackson do. Crothers, William H do. Corseck, Jeremiah do. Dillon, Thomas do. Devoro, John do. Donnelly, Charles do. Funk, James H do. Ginaphan, John do. Gro, Austin do. Condor, Aaron do. Hiltchburn, Thomas B do. Hart, William do. Hackenburgh, John R do. Houser, Joseph do. Henry, John Isaac do. Price, Lewis do. Peffer, Philip do. Reninger, Fred erick do. RoseK&eyongfa , Rober t do. Ross, James B do. Rodgers, Patrick do. Ruble, John do. Ruse, William do. Rutherford, James do. Sateher, Amos do. Sanford, James do. Shilling. Matthias do. Sperry, William do. SkeHev, John M do. ShafeK David do. Yanzant, James do. Walters, Benjamin do. Wolfkill, Thomas do. WiJson, James do. White, Charles do. Yeamon, James do. 7C SEVENTH REGIMENT. Company k. ;.i II ITKI a 1 Pll i ; FRED IN, APRIL ! William Trovillo Captain. William Graham I tenant. William 1». Foul k Second Lii il '. . ' -iit Fii ' Itichard Splain S< William Fftzmorris Third I'khvard llinn Fourth Sci e Bills First Corporal. Matthew Frazior Second ( iorporal. llcnrj Third Corpora]. ' l /.:ini Fourth CO] | John Walby Musician. Samuel Winthrow Anthony, W. James Private. Admns, lUil|il] do. . ick, William do. do. Baiter, Frederick do. Bender, Andrew do. r.- chtel, Ixrwis do. Br '■■■• n, Jami 3 do. , James W do. ' li orge do. Clary, James do. 1 id, William I) do. Cupps, Andrew J do. Couch, George do. Clark, James _ do. Crovison, David do. Darly, Charles do. bart, Adam <in. Edgar, Matthew do. Prance, John do. lord, James do. < ;rane, Kzekicl do. Griffith, Abraham do. Hewitt, Geor^o do. I Urlcrt, David do. Hume, Charles G do. Hunter, David Private. il ton, Ed rd do. Johnston, John da do. Kurtz, Henry do. Kclloy, Peter do. Krumlah, Chos. William. ..do. KauQold, l lrn< il do. I/cntncr, Andrew <lo. b do. r, John 1 1 do. ■ do. Miller, Pet4 r do. rod do. Martin, John. Myers, William do. Martin, 1 i itz do. Montgomery, Robert do. •!in do. Piatt, Henry do. Irwin, James do. Ro !_-■ rs, Andn w Ridgley, Charles do. . Matthew. d >. Smith, Augustus I •. Sturdy, 1 [i nry Silk, li. il do. Stumi>, George. do. Thursby, B do. Taylor, ".John do. Taylor, Charli 9 ...da Thompson, John ...da Waters, David V da Wi er, William d >. Whalon, Jami a li do. Whit ii inre. Christopher do. Walters, William do. Winters, Jauies. do. Eighth Regiment. THE Eighth regiment was composed, in part, of companies which had held a previous militia organization, and were now filled up to the maximum number by new recruits, and in part of new companies, made up of men sud- denly called together by the exigencies of the times. The Wyoming Artiller- ists, of Wilkesbarre, known in the regiment as company F, had been under the command of Captain Eniley , who was afterwards made Colonel. It was the first company from Luzerne county, leaving on the 17th of April, 18G1, and was fil- med to some degree of hardship from the first, being obliged to cut its way, a distance of over a mile, to the Kingston depot, through an immense field of drift ice. Company C had been a cavalry company at Wilkesbarre, commanded in turn by Captains Hoyt and Brisbane. Company G, in its militia organiza- tion, was known as the Wyoming Yeagers, and was joined by the remnants of a militia company from Pittston. The several companies assembled at Camp Curtin, where company officers were formally elected, and the regiment was organized on the 22nd of April, 1801, by the choice of the following field officers: A. H. Eniley, of Wilkes-Barre, from Captain of company F, Colonel; Samuel Bowman, of Wilkes-Barre, Lieutenant Colonel; Joseph Phillips, of Pittston, Major; Joseph Wright, of Wilkes-Barre, Lieutenant of company C, was appointed Adjutant. Most of the officers had acquired considerable knowledge of military duty in various military organizations. On the same day in which the organization was perfected, the regiment was ordered to Camp Slifer, in the neighborhood of Chambersburg. Here, on the 25th of April, it was assigned to the 3rd Brigade, 1st Division. Hardee's Tactics, which had previously been introduced in the chill of company F, was made the authority for the instruction of the regiment. The drill was continued, daily, from eight to ten hours, in which a marked proficiency was attained, so much so. That many of the members, and especially of Colonel Emley's company, became chill-masters in the several organizations to which they were subsequently attached. On the 7th of June, the regiment moved from Chambersburg to Greencastle, where it again went into camp, and during its stay, was exercised in battalion drill. Remaining but a few days, it moved to the Potomac, in the neighborhood of Williamsport, where it was posted along the shore to guard the fords. Here affairs began to assume a warlike aspect. The enemy was on the opposite shore, and the music of a stray bullet from his rifles occasionally. Irwin; Eighth regiment Pennsylvania volunteers, Colonel A. H. Emley; Tenth regiment Pennsylvania volunteers, Colonel Sullivan A. Meredith; Twentieth regiment Pennsylvania volunteers, (Scott Legion) Colonel William H. Gray. It was a significant moment for the men, as Lieutenant Colonel Bowland, who was subsequently captured, was suddenly seized and borne away a prisoner. He was a valuable officer, and his captain, upon the advance army into Virginia, on July 1st, the Eighth regiment, with Captain Doubleday's battery as left to hold the fords, and to guard the stores at Willi; B, Captain Strous and Travis, were detailed for duty. The battery consisted of a heavy battery, and the battery consisted of a heavy battery. Pieces, one eight inch howitzer, one twenty-four pounder, and one thirty pounder. The horses had but just been placed in harness, and were unaccustomed to the draft. On emerging from the ford, the banks proved difficult of ascent, the pieces could only be moved by the assistance of the men. The march to Martinsburg and return, by the escorting companies, was made without rest, and was very exhausting. On the 6th of July, the regiment was ordered to rejoin the brigade, now at Martinsburg. Until the 11th, it participated in occasional skirmishing, and joined in the advance on Bunker Hill. In conformity with the explicit orders of the General, to keep in front of the enemy, so long as he should remain between Winchester and the Potomac, General Patterson had proposed an advance into Virginia and the Initiation of an offensive campaign. The General, in command of the brigade, permitted this advance, but enjoined, that, should the enemy retire upon his resources at Winchester, the Union forces should be moved. Remaining in the midst of Bunker Hill, until the 11th of July, General Patterson commenced a flank movement on Charlestown. The enemy's cavalry, in force, under Stuart, watched these movements. Fearing that the enemy might advance, and cross the Shenandoah river by Ford, the 3rd Brigade was pushed forward during the night of the 20th, and occupied a position commanding the ford. The term of service having now nearly expired, the regiment was ordered to march to Harper's Ferry, and turn over its camp. and thence move by way of Hagerstown to Harrishorn v. hi re, on the 29th of July, the men were paid, and mustered out. General Patterson to General Scott, June 2. The force under Jackson continues to the people of Berkeley county, whom, I believe, are sorely oppressed, and would welcome us. That force is becoming a little encouragement, and may soon annoy us. I may invite; indeed, if it may. approval of the General-in-Chi. . I v\ dd march mywhol. ■ soon as the batteries re- : n , upon the enemy, and drive him, step by stop, to Winchester. I believe this force can, in ten days, ri-l the adjoining portion of Virginia of its o; . . 1 may bo forced to this course. My fear is, that J may interfere with thi the General-in-Chief, and drive the enemy to the aid of the main body. ( REPLY.) Hi \i< ■.■• OF tiii: Army, \ Washington, June" . \ i write by mail, in substance. Remain in front of th. em my while lie continues in force, between Winchester and the Potomac. Ifyouaroin: r,orequalf ttack him. If the cm my should n-tire upon his resources at Winchest< r, it is not enjoined ili.it y, .u should pursue him to that distaii c from \ >ur ' Derations, without n well grounded confidence in your conl inued superiority. * * WINFIELD 8( <>TT. oral Patte b so : THREE MONTHS' SERVICE. 7ii FIELD AlSTI) STAFF OFFICERS A. H. Emley Colonel. Samuel Bowman Lieutenant Colonel. Joseph Phillips Major. Joseph Wright Adjutant. Butler Dilley Quartermaster Benjamin H. Throop Surgeon. H. Carey Parry Assistant Surgeon. T. P. Hunt Chaplain. Company A. RECBT/ITET) AT SHAMOKIN, NOKTHUMBEKLAND COUNTY. MUSTERED IN, APRIL 22, 1861. Cyrus Strouse Captain. William J. Allen First Lieutenant. George B. Cadwalader Second Lieutenant. John Harris First Sergeant. Andrew Kreiger Second Sergeant. John B. Snyder Third Sergeant. Ferdinand Rlioads Fourth Sergeant. Jacob Rhoads First Corporal. Jacob Muchler....: Second Corporal. Israel Stambach Third Corporal. Jacob B. Getter Fourth Corporal. William P. Caldwell Musician. Henry Starchal do. Bevan, Lewis L Private. Booth, William do. Brennan, John do. Bird, Ziba do. Bowen, William do. Blanksley, George do. Boyd, Hugh do. Culp, Benjamin F do. Gulp, William do. Colyer, Patrick do. Caldwell, Thomas do. Caldwell, Alexander do. Conrad, Charles do. Cramer, George do. Downey, John do. Dibner, Frederick do. Dibner, Frederick do. Dindorf, Jacob do. Eaton, Joseph B do. Eisenhart, John E do. Falk, Ephraim P do. Gilger, Darius S do. Haas, Charles L. V do. Hass, James H do. Harris, Thomas do. Hooe shoe, Henry Private. Holshoe, Joel. do. Heilner, John M do. Hancock, John do. Holister, James do. Inch, Henry do. Rich, Jacob W. do. John, Jefferson M do. Jones, Thomas R do. Kreiger, Charles do. Klase, George W do. Lake, John R do. Miceborger, Michael do. Maize, Jeremiah do. Medara, Charles do. Meehan, John do. Neifer, John do. Osmond, William B do. Peifer, Jacob do. Phillips, John W do. Raup, Josiah do. Raup, George do. Ragan, Michael do. Sterrit, James do. Sherman, Godfried do. Shuck, William do. Salter, Michael do. Shield, Jacob do. Shau al, August do. Stilwagoner, William do. Shipp, David S do. Van Gasken, Wesley do. Wentz, Peter do. Weir, John do. Woodley, Daniel J do. Weaver, George W do. Williams, Thomas R do. Zehnder, John B do. Company B. JURYED IN, APRIL 23, 1801. Hiram S. Travis Captain. Frank Wambacker First Lieutenant. Sanford G. Coglizer Second Lieutenant. Jacob Swartz First Sergeant. John F. Savers Second Sergeant. John W. Fike Third Sergeant. Tilton F. Miller Fourth Sergeant. Benjamin J. Stephens First Corporal. David Weldy Second Corporal. George Weldy Third Corporal. Warren Breemer Fourth Corporal. Paul .ii. ' do. ('louse, > liarlcs do. 1 • V do. 1 Tl . R do. I irt, Henry L...... i do. i . Lloralto P do. i • rist, Samuol do. I i renzo ] i do. I .11' 1 1 r >' M <li>. J I mi y, Michael W d >. John, I rcdi rick do. i , Abraham d<>. Kilpatrick, Samuel do. Knapp, Joseph <lo. i i i e, William <i- 1. ]/i I i .. ■• . Ji b I I i iinin 'I ). Murring, Wcstbrook do. Martin, ISzra B do. M'Guigan, Janus do. Private. M i . i . . .. i i' \. ll do. .vol |, Will 1 imln I . ' ■■ William , William ft •- i hard II do. in <l<). ter, 1 rancis do. .Smith, Ro rl do. M'-rrit f, D rid < <l<>. iii.li do. S II J i ii do. . John do. • J (!•.. ■ . 1 an do. Bylicl do. . John \ . i. Tompkins, \.< \i B Wall ice, J pi W do. r do. Wood, Patrick Yarrington, Dorman a. ■ -. Spencer Company C. RECRUITED AT WrLRESBARRE, LUZERNE COUNTY. MUSTERED IN, APRIL 22, 18C1. William Brisbane Captain. Joseph Wright First Lieutenant. J i [.Con ■ Dgbam Second l. Lyman R. Nicholson First Sergeant. William J. Fell Secoi - Beriah S. B v.- rs Third Sergi ant. William C. Rohn Fourths* i B. ('amp First Corp >ral. Samuel B. Hibler Second Corporal. Albert M. Bailey Third Corporal. Edwin S. Osborne Fourth Corporal. ppy Musician. .' v. . < ngs d i. Crusan, Andrew .) Private" ' . Edward II do. < , William II do. < . Daniel do. i i, \ii'lr( W '1". 1.' Reymer, John do. Robbins, Stephen do. Robbins, Adam do. Rei, Miles do. Rittenhouse, Wesley do. Rohn, David L do. Charles do. Ranb, Janus A do. Ranb, Janus A do. William W do. Files E William W do. Stovens, Charles do. Ström, Henry do. Ström, Henry do. Key, Samuel do. Tripp, Isaac do. William H do. Waring, George E do. Warner, William H do. Daniol do. Walker, Lazarus do. William Y do. Youngst, Alexander do. Company D, RECRUITED AT WILKESBARRE, LUZERNE COUNTY. MUSTERED IN, APRIL 22, 1861. Jacob Bertels Captain. Richard Fitzgerald First Lieutenant. Patrick Lenihan Second Lieutenant. Michael Roily First Sergeant. John C. Reilly Second Sergeant. Michael Gilligan Third Sergeant. Joseph P. Byrne, Fourth Sergeant. Daniel M'Rrido, First Corporal. Daniel Shoolin, Second Corporal. Thomas Devaney, Third Corporal. John Ryan, Fourth Corporal. Bartholomew Lynch, Musician. John Batterton, do. Boyle, Philip Private. Baney, John do. Biglin, Patrick do. Brennan, Patrick, 1st do. Birmingham, Thomas do. Boran, Thomas do. Boylan, James do. Brennan, Patrick do. Coyle, Matthew do. Caffrey, John do. Caffrey, John do. Clark, John do. Cunningham, Daniel do. Cosgrove, John do. Collins, John do. Curran, Michael do. Cull, Frank do. Goggles, Michael do. Collins, Patrick do. Delaney, John do. Dolton, James do. Davis, Evan do. Dougherty, James do. Dougherty, James do. Evans, John do. Fogarty, Patrick do. Graham, John do. Griffith, Patrick do. Gallagher, Patrick, 1st...Private. Gallagher, Patrick, 2d do. Holey, Thomas do. Houston, Patrick do. Killroy, Edward do. Keeghran, Michael do. Lynch, James do. Levey, Patrick do. Looby, John do. Lisk, John do. Lynch, Bernard do. Lahey, Thomas do. Lebar, Peter do. M'Coy, Thomas do. M'Cluskey, Thomas do. M'Conelogue, John M'Tigue, Patrick do. M'Cormick, John do. M'Ginness, Michael do. M'Cormick, Daniel do. O'Donnell, Thomas do. Plum, James do. Paul, Patrick do. Ryan, Martin do. Reily, Lawrence do. Ruddy, Michael do. Sullivan, John do. Sullivan, Timothy do. Sherron, Edward do. Scott, John do. Totton, Dalton W do. Welsh, Martin do. Ward, John do. Company E. RECRUITED AT SCRANTON, LUZERNE COUNTY. MUSTERED IN, APRIL 23, 1801. John M'Casey Captain. John O'Grady First Lieutenant. Michael O'Hara Second Lieutenant. Anthony Lofters First Sergeant. James Howley Second Sergeant. Francis Mahon Third Sergeant. Morris O'Brien Fourth Sergeant. John Lanagan First Corporal. Richard Fitzgerald Third Corporal. John Gerry Fourth Corporal. Peter Pennypacker Musician. John Hartline do. Blackman, Joseph Private. Burk, Mark do. Brand, Charles do. Baronosky, Francis do. Buckley, Thomas do. Cannavan, John. do. Clouser, Samuel do. Cannavan, Henry do. Cannavan, James do. Cawley, Matthew do. Cusick, Michael Private. Corden, John R do. Corden, William do. Corden, Joseph F do. Churchill, John do. Crist, Benjamin do. Decker, Lewis do. Dorson, Michael do. Davis, David H do. Fleming, James do. Forrester, James do. Fleevellen, George do. Fitzpatrick, John do. Fox, Thomas do. Foy, Thomas do. Grass, Michael do. Gallagher, Charles do. Gillespie, Anthony do. Handley, John do. Jackson, John F do. Kelley, Dennis do. Kirk, Michael do. Lenihan, Patrick do. EIGHTH REGIMENT. In Private. Lynn, Edward F do. John II Mullin, Patrick Manning, John Murray, John Mullin, Daniel Manning, Michael Francis. Ruddy, John do. Shannon, William Rickey. Shibbleboo I, John Vankirk, Peter Williams, Reuben do. Wright, William Williams, John I i ■ M P A N V F. BECURTKD AT v.ir.KI BRARRR, P /! i.M COUNTY, MUSTERED IN. APRIL 21, :- Edwin W. Find) Captain. Butler Dilley First Lieutenant. Isaiah M. Leach Second Lieutenant. Alphonso C. Montauge First Sergeant. I - I'.. Stout Third Sergeant. Oliver A. Parsons Second Sergeant. I - I'.. Stout Third Sergeant. Oliver A. Parsons Second Sergeant. William II. Kowntree Third Sergeant. Charles II. Hay Musician. David J. K. rs, ( '!< irli • M do. Detrick, Emanuel do. Elliott, Charles II d.. William W do. I E 1 1. James II do. Stocker, Charles II do. Swan, William A do. Shutt, David II da Severn, John do. Severn, James do. Tinker, Theodore A do. Tucker, Thomas O do. Troub, Gotlieb do. Turin r, James S C do. Taylor, David J do. Upling r, James S C do. Valentine, William H do. Wood, Horton do. Richmond 1 1 do. Weaver, Newton T do. Jacob do. Company G. I i. AT WHITNEY - INDEPENDENT. George N. Richardson Captain. John N. Ir. ffi Ison First Lieutenant. Gustavus E. Hahn Second Lieutenant. W. Smith 1 1 iret Si grant. H Harold Second Sergeant. Christopher Walter. Third Sergeant. J i. ob Coebj' Four. Christian Freffenstein First Sergeant. Christian Freffenstein First Sergeant. Andreas Llaussam, Second Corporal. Henry Katzenbackor, Third Corporal. John Marr, Fourth Corporal. |
2013/92013E003233/92013E003233_ES.txt_22 | Eurlex | CC-By | (Versione italiana)
Interrogazione con richiesta di risposta scritta E-003270/13
alla Commissione
Claudio Morganti (EFD)
(21 marzo 2013)
Oggetto: Dumping sociale nell'UE
Due autorevoli esponenti del governo belga hanno recentemente denunciato come, a loro avviso, in Germania si sfruttino lavoratori romeni e bulgari assunti da società fittizie con un compenso di tre/quattro euro l'ora per dieci ore al giorno di lavoro, senza sicurezza sociale e in condizioni sanitarie disastrose.
Si tratterebbe di un vero e proprio fenomeno di dumping sociale all'interno dell'Unione europea che, secondo i due ministri belgi, sta causando enormi problemi all'interno del loro Paese, con imprese costrette a chiudere o delocalizzare altrove.
La Commissione è a conoscenza di questa vicenda?
Può dire se ha riscontrato altri fenomeni di dumping sociale all'interno dell'Unione?
Questa pratica sleale è una delle cause della perdita di competitività dell'UE a livello globale e non sarebbe ammissibile se si verificasse addirittura tra gli stessi Stati membri, portando vantaggi competitivi a qualche Paese rispetto ad altri su basi inaccettabili.
Risposta congiunta di László Andor a nome della Commissione
(17 maggio 2013)
I servizi della Commissione stanno esaminando la denuncia presentata dal governo belga relativa ai principi della parità di trattamento e della non discriminazione e alla legislazione che si applica ai lavoratori distaccati. La Commissione adotterà a tempo debito gli interventi che riterrà necessari.
La Commissione è a conoscenza di abusi legati alla situazione lavorativa dei lavoratori distaccati. Nel marzo 2012 essa ha adottato una proposta (416) di direttiva volta a migliorare il modo in cui la direttiva 96/71/CE è attuata, applicata e fatta rispettare nella pratica dagli Stati membri al fine di prevenire e sanzionare l'elusione delle regole applicabili e di migliorare la tutela dei lavoratori distaccati nell'UE. La proposta è all'esame del Consiglio e del Parlamento che hanno ora l'opportunità di rafforzare le salvaguardie giuridiche contenute nella legislazione unionale contro le pratiche vessatorie nel contesto del distacco di lavoratori.
Altri casi di presunto dumping sociale sono reperibili negli studi giuridici sull'applicazione della direttiva 96/71/CE e nella valutazione di impatto realizzata ai fini dell'adozione della direttiva di attuazione.
La Commissione fa presente che il monitoraggio delle condizioni lavorative e della remunerazione effettiva dei lavoratori e il compito di far rispettare le regole nella materia non rientrano nelle competenze dell'UE.
(English version)
Question for written answer E-003157/13
to the Commission
Marc Tarabella (S&D)
(20 March 2013)
Subject: German social dumping is destroying jobs and the European socioeconomic fabric
Johan Vande Lanotte, Belgian Minister for Economic Affairs, and Monica De Coninck, Minister for Employment, have decided to lodge a complaint before the Commission against the German authorities in order to put an end to social dumping in Germany. They are protesting against shameful practices. Indeed some workers are paid EUR 3 or EUR 4 per hour for night work. Such unfair competition is driving Belgian, French and Dutch companies to bankruptcy: several companies have started restructuring or relocating to Germany, because they are no longer able to compete. One company no longer cuts meat in Belgium. Instead they cut the carcasses into four and send them to Germany. There, workers on very low wages do the cutting and it is much more profitable. Since there is no minimum wage in Germany, anything goes. No legislation is breached because there is no legislation!
These days, everything is done to pile the pressure on employees. Unemployment benefits are time-limited, part-time mini-jobs paid at around EUR 450 per month are commonplace and they only offer restricted rights with regard to sickness and retirement benefits. As a result, some employers consider these atypical jobs as a source of cheap labour and a way to avoid creating real jobs, all of which considerably weakens social security. In the end, the ‘German model’ is based on booming part-time work and the emergence of poor employees. A series of socioeconomic reforms that cost the German State EUR 355 billion, put 26% of the population in a situation of unstable employment and created close to 5 million jobs paid at EUR 1 per hour!
1.
Does the Commission think that these practices are worthy of the European spirit and reflect it?
2.
Does the Commission also believe that these are established cases of social dumping?
3.
When and how does the Commission intend to update the relevant legislation so that this unfair competition within Europe does not end up ruining Europe and destroying the socioeconomic fabric?
Question for written answer E-003270/13
to the Commission
Claudio Morganti (EFD)
(21 March 2013)
Subject: Social dumping in the EU
Two prominent members of the Belgian Government recently lodged a complaint accusing Germany of using Romanian and Bulgarian workers hired by sham companies at wages of three or four euros per hour for a ten-hour working day, with no social security and in dreadful sanitary conditions.
This is a genuine case of social dumping within the EU which, according to the two Belgian ministers, is causing huge problems in their country, with companies being forced to shut down or move elsewhere.
This unfair practice is one of the reasons why the EU is becoming less competitive globally and it is unacceptable even if it takes place between Member States, since it gives an unreasonable competitive advantage to some countries at the expense of others.
Is the Commission aware of this issue?
Has it come across any other cases of social dumping within the EU?
Joint answer given by Mr Andor on behalf of the Commission
(17 May 2013)
The Commission services are currently looking into the complaint lodged by the Belgian Government, which relates to the principles of equal treatment and non-discrimination, and to the legislation on posted workers. The Commission will take such action as it considers necessary in due course.
The Commission is aware of situations of work-related abuse concerning posted workers. In March 2012 it adopted a proposal (417) for an Enforcement Directive to improve the way Directive 96/71/EC is implemented, applied and enforced in practice by the Member States with the aim of preventing, and providing for sanctions for, the circumvention of the rules applicable and improving the protection of posted workers in the EU. The proposal is being examined by the Council and Parliament, which now have an opportunity to strengthen the legal safeguards in EC law against abusive practices in the context of the posting of workers.
Examples of other cases of alleged social dumping can be found in the legal studies on the application of Directive 96/71/EC and in the impact assessment made with a view to the adoption of the Enforcement Directive.
The Commission would point out that the monitoring and enforcement of working conditions and the actual remuneration of employees do not fall within the EU’s competence.
(Version française)
Question avec demande de réponse écrite E-003158/13
à la Commission
Philippe Boulland (PPE)
(20 mars 2013)
Objet: Entrave à la concurrence dans le cas de fermetures
Certaines entreprises ferment leur établissement et licencient leur personnel sans même chercher de repreneurs, puisque ceux-ci représentent des concurrents potentiels. Un exemple emblématique est celui d'ArcelorMittal à Florange (France, qui a annoncé la fermeture de ses hauts fourneaux sans même se préoccuper d'une reprise du site de production, laissant à l'État la charge de trouver un nouveau preneur.
Certaines sociétés préfèrent fermer délibérément leur établissement, quitte à licencier des milliers de salariés, plutôt que de permettre à un repreneur de s'y installer afin d'éviter toute concurrence.
Cette démarche n'est-elle pas une entrave au droit de la concurrence tel que protégé par le droit européen?
Réponse donnée par M. Almunia au nom de la Commission
(3 mai 2013)
La Commission est consciente des conséquences sociales des fermetures annoncées par ArcelorMittal sur son site sidérurgique de Florange (France). Cependant, elle ne considère pas que le droit de la concurrence s'applique dans ce cas, car rien n'indique que la fermeture de cette usine ait eu lieu dans le contexte d'une collusion concernant un partage de marché ou une limitation illégale de la production par une entreprise dominante.
En vertu des règles de concurrence de l'UE, tous accords entre entreprises, toutes décisions d'associations d'entreprises et toutes pratiques concertées qui sont susceptibles d'affecter le commerce entre États membres et qui ont pour objet ou pour effet d'empêcher, de restreindre ou de fausser le jeu de la concurrence au sein du marché intérieur sont interdits (article 101 du TFUE).
L'exploitation abusive d'une position dominante sur le marché intérieur ou dans une partie substantielle de celui-ci est également interdite, dans la mesure où le commerce entre États membres est susceptible d'en être affecté (article 102 du TFUE).
Les fermetures annoncées par ArcelorMittal ne semblent pas relever de ces dispositions.
Par conséquent, bien que la Commission soit consciente des conséquences sociales des mesures prises par ArcelorMittal, elle n'a pas connaissance, à ce stade, d'éléments indiquant que ces mesures pourraient enfreindre le droit de la concurrence.
(English version)
Question for written answer E-003158/13
to the Commission
Philippe Boulland (PPE)
(20 March 2013)
Subject: Restriction to competition caused by closures
Some companies close their plants and lay their staff off without even looking for buyers, since they are seen as potential competitors. A typical example of this is Arcelor Mittal in Florange (France), which announced the closure of its blast furnaces without even thinking that the production site could be taken over, thus leaving the State with the task of finding a buyer for the site.
Some companies prefer to deliberately close the plants, even if it means laying off thousands of employees, rather than letting another company buy the plants, in order to avoid competition.
Does this approach not contravene competition law as protected by European law?
Answer given by Mr Almunia on behalf of the Commission
(3 May 2013)
The Commission is aware of the social consequences of the announced closures by ArcelorMittal at its steel site in Florange (France). However the Commission does not consider that competition law applies in this case in the absence of any indications that the plant closure would have taken place in the context of a cartel collusion such as market sharing or alternatively an unlawful limitation of output by a dominant undertaking.
According to EU competition rules, agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices which may affect trade between Member States and which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction, or distortion of competition within the internal market are prohibited (Article 101 TFEU).
The abuse of a dominant position within the internal market or in a substantial part of it is also prohibited, insofar as it may affect trade between Member States (Article 102 TFEU).
The announced closures by ArcelorMittal do not appear to fall within the scope of these provisions.
Consequently, although the Commission is conscious of the social consequences of ArcelorMittal's actions, it does not possess at this stage any indications that these actions might infringe competition law.
(Version française)
Question avec demande de réponse écrite E-003159/13
à la Commission
Philippe Boulland (PPE)
(20 mars 2013)
Objet: Une loi européenne pour obliger les entreprises rentables à chercher un repreneur
En période de crise économique, la priorité pour les États membres est de lutter contre les fermetures d'usines et le licenciement de leurs salariés pour maintenir l'emploi.
Certaines usines rentables ferment et licencient leurs salariés simplement parce que les propriétaires ne cherchent pas de repreneurs, puisque ces derniers représentent des concurrents potentiels. La France a donc décidé de mettre en place une loi qui obligera les propriétaires d'entreprises rentables à chercher des repreneurs pour permettre le maintien des emplois sur le site de production. Cette mesure sera bénéfique pour les salariés, mais aussi pour l'État puisqu'en cas de fermeture d'usine, c'est lui qui supporte une grande partie des coûts liés aux licenciements.
La Commission envisage-t-elle de mettre en place une telle mesure dans l'ensemble des États membres afin d'empêcher la fermeture d'usines rentables et le licenciement abusif de milliers de salariés?
Réponse donnée par M. Andor au nom de la Commission
(21 mai 2013)
Bien que la Commission n'ait pas le pouvoir d'interférer sur les décisions d'entreprises qui aboutissent à la fermeture d'usines en Europe, elle exhorte les entreprises et toutes les parties prenantes à anticiper les restructurations dans la mesure du possible et à les gérer d'une manière socialement responsable.
La Commission a réalisé d'importants travaux dans ce domaine avec toutes les parties prenantes et elle a relancé le débat au niveau de l'UE sur ces problèmes au moyen du livre vert «Restructurations et anticipation du changement: quelles leçons tirer de l'expérience récente?» de janvier 2012 (418). La recherche de solutions de remplacement aux fermetures, par la reconversion des sites ou la reprise des parties viables des entreprises restructurées, figure parmi les bonnes pratiques bien établies au sein de l'UE.
Suite à ce livre vert et à l'adoption par le Parlement européen le 15 janvier 2013 du rapport Cerca (419) pressant la Commission d'agir dans ce domaine, la Commission proposera une communication établissant un cadre de qualité pour les restructurations et l'anticipation du changement. Cette communication contiendra la législation en vigueur et les initiatives de l'UE dans ce domaine et présentera les meilleures pratiques à appliquer par toutes les parties prenantes.
(English version)
Question for written answer E-003159/13
to the Commission
Philippe Boulland (PPE)
(20 March 2013)
Subject: A European law to force profitable companies to find a buyer
In this period of economic crisis, the priority for Member States is to prevent factories from closing and laying off their employees so that jobs are protected.
Some profitable companies close and make their employees redundant simply because the owners do not look for buyers, since the latter are seen as potential competitors. Therefore France has decided to pass a law that would force the owners of profitable companies to seek buyers in order to protect jobs on the production site. This measure will be beneficial to employees, but also to the State because, when a plant closes, it is the State that bears a large proportion of the costs associated with redundancies.
Does the Commission envisage implementing a similar measure in all Member States in order to stop profitable factories from closing and thousands of employees from being unfairly dismissed?
Answer given by Mr Andor on behalf of the Commission
(21 May 2013)
Although the Commission has no powers to interfere in specific company decisions leading to the closure of plants in Europe, it urges companies and all stakeholders to anticipate restructuring as far as possible and to manage it in a socially responsible way.
The Commission carried out important work in this field with all stakeholders and it has re-launched the debate at EU level on these issues through the January 2012 Green Paper on ‘Restructuring and anticipation of change: lessons from recent experience’ (420). The search for alternative solutions to closures, through site reconversion or takeover of sustainable parts of the restructured company figures amongst the well-established good practices in the EU.
Following this Green Paper and the adoption by the European Parliament on 15 January 2013 of the Cercas report (421) urging the Commission to act in this domain, the Commission will propose a communication establishing a Quality Framework for Restructuring and anticipation of change. This communication would frame the current EU legislation and initiatives in this field and it would present the best practices to be implemented by all stakeholders.
(Nederlandse versie)
Vraag met verzoek om schriftelijk antwoord E-003160/13
aan de Commissie
Gerben-Jan Gerbrandy (ALDE)
(20 maart 2013)
Betreft: Ecologische onderbouwing Natura 2000-grenzen Haringvliet
Is de Commissie bekend met de vorig jaar door de Nederlandse regering geuite intentie om de begrenzing van het Natura 2000-gebied Haringvliet te verkleinen?
Kan de Commissie zich vinden in de ecologische onderbouwing van het ontwerp-aanwijzigingsbesluit van het oorspronkelijk begrensde Natura 2000-gebied Haringvliet als zijnde geschikt voor herstel en uitbreiding van de habitattypen (H3270 (slikkige rivieroevers) / Ruigten en Zomen (H6430B) en habitatsoorten Elft, Fint en Noordse Woelmuis?
Deelt de Commissie de conclusie van de Nederlandse hoogste bestuursrechter, dat bij een landelijk niet-gunstige staat van instandhouding, het voldoende is om één habitatgebied met hersteldoelstelling aan te wijzen? Of moet in elk betreffend habitatgebied een gunstige staat van instandhouding worden bereikt? Gaat dit ook op voor de in het ontwerp-aanwijzigingsbesluit Haringvliet door de Nederlandse regering aangedragen habitattypen en — soorten?
Kan de Commissie aangeven in welke mate de omschreven hoge getijdenwerking van de rivier het Spui, aan de oost‐ en westkant van de monding van deze waterweg en de daaraan gekoppelde dynamiek van de hier realiseerbare getijdennatuur, een zwaarwegend ecologisch argument vormen voor het potentieel voor uitbreiding van de genoemde habitattypen in dit deel van het gebied Haringvliet, evenals de door Nederland aangemelde soorten zoals de Noordse woelmuis, fint en rivierprik, en de duurzame instandhouding van het ecosysteem van het hele Haringvliet?
Heeft Nederland indertijd juist gehandeld, door de grenzen en natuurdoelen van het Natura 2000-gebied Haringvliet onder andere te baseren op het natuurpotentieel voor getijdennatuur aan beide zijden van de Spuimonding, inbegrepen de polders Beningerwaard, Zuidoord en de Leenherenpolder?
Klopt het dat de grenzen van gebieden die op basis van het ecologische potentieel zijn aangewezen door een lidstaat voor de communautaire lijst niet op basis van andere dan ecologische criteria kunnen worden gewijzigd?
Antwoord van de heer Potočnikon namens de Commissie
(6 mei 2013)
De Commissie is niet bekend met enige intentie van de Nederlandse regering om de begrenzing van het gebied van communautair belang (GCB) Haringvliet te wijzigen of te verkleinen, en zij heeft ook geen verzoek in dit verband ontvangen.
De aanwijzing en afbakening van GCB's mogen uitsluitend op de in richtlijn 93/43/EEG (422) verankerde wetenschappelijke criteria worden gebaseerd. Op grond van deze criteria is het aantal voor een bepaald type habitat voor te stellen gebieden sterk afhankelijk van de context. De aanwijzing van één habitat met hersteldoelstelling zou in bepaalde gevallen voldoende kunnen zijn.
Wat de onderbouwing ten aanzien van de oorspronkelijke begrenzing van het GCB Haringvliet aangaat, onderschrijft de Commissie het algemene beginsel dat de grenzen van een GCB zodanig kunnen worden getrokken dat daarin gebieden worden opgenomen waarin op het desbetreffende tijdstip geen soorten of typen habitat waarop het GCB-voorstel betrekking heeft, voorkomen maar wel lokaal herstel voor die soorten of typen kan plaatsvinden.
De Commissie beschikt niet over de gegevens die nodig zijn om over afzonderlijke locaties binnen het GCB „Haringvliet” opmerkingen te kunnen maken. De desbetreffende vragen van het geachte Parlementslid kunnen niet in algemene termen worden beantwoord. Integendeel, zij houden verband met de specifieke omstandigheden van het geval en moeten op lokaal en nationaal niveau tegen de achtergrond van de staat van instandhouding van bepaalde soorten en habitats die voor de Unie van belang zijn, worden bezien.
De Commissie herinnert het geachte Parlementslid eraan dat de oorspronkelijke afbakening van de gebieden tot de verantwoordelijkheden van de lidstaten behoort. Zij bevestigt dat de grenzen van GCB's uitsluitend op basis van milieucriteria kunnen worden gewijzigd.
The identification and delineation of SCIs must exclusively be based on the scientific criteria laid down in Directive 92/43/EEC (423). Under these criteria, the number of sites to be proposed for a particular habitat type is highly context-dependent. The designation of a single habitat occurrence for rehabilitation might be sufficient in certain cases.
With regard to the justification for the original boundaries of the SCI ‘Haringvliet’, the Commission agrees with the general principle that SCI boundaries can be drawn so as to include areas that do not currently host any species or habitat types for which the site has been proposed, but have a potential for their local rehabilitation.
The Commission does not have the information necessary to comment on individual locations within the SCI ‘Haringvliet’. The related questions of the Honourable Member cannot be answered in general terms. Instead they are case-specific and should be looked at in light of the conservation status of a particular habitat type or species of Community interest at the local and national level.
The Commission would like to remind the Honourable Member that the original delimitation of the sites is a responsibility of the Member States. It confirms that the boundaries of an SCI can only be changed on the basis of environmental criteria.
(българска версия)
Въпрос с искане за писмен отговор E-003161/13
до Комисията
Marietje Schaake (ALDE) и Metin Kazak (ALDE)
(20 март 2013 г.)
Относно: Въздействие на трансатлантическото партньорство в областта на търговията и инвестициите върху споразумението на Турция за митнически съюз с ЕС
ЕС и САЩ започват (424) преговори по трансатлантическо партньорство в областта на търговията и инвестициите (TTIP), което би могло да има положително въздействие върху заетостта и растежа (425). Според Комисията „това споразумение ще определи стандарт не само за бъдещите ни двустранни търговски отношения и инвестиции, но също и за разработването на световни правила“ (426). Турция — страна кандидатка с пазар, тясно свързан с този на ЕС, както и голям търговски партньор на САЩ, би била пряко засегната от това партньорство, както вече е посочено в доклада Казак (427). Като се вземат предвид значението на икономическите и търговски отношения ЕС—Турция (с дял от 120 милиарда евро през 2011 г. (428)), които се регулират от споразумението за митническия съюз (429), както и взаимните ангажименти на ЕС и Турция в процеса на присъединяване, възникват следните въпроси:. Работната група на високо равнище обсъдила ли е последиците от трансатлантическото партньорство в областта на търговията и инвестициите за Турция от гледна точка на (увеличаването или намаляването на) техническите и нетехническите бариери пред търговията? Ако да, то може ли Комисията да сподели и/или да коментира обсъжданията?
Считано от 1 януари 2013 г., ще влезе в сила приет от Турция важен регламент за взаимното признаване в нехармонизираната област. Как ще се отразят евентуално трансатлантическото партньорство в областта на търговията и инвестициите и неговите регулаторни и технически последици върху прилагането на този регламент?
Може ли Комисията да определи главните последици на трансатлантическото партньорство в областта на търговията и инвестициите за търговията със стоки и услуги с Турция съгласно споразумението за митнически съюз по отношение на правата и отговорностите? Ако не, защо?
Комисията извършила ли е съвместно с турските органи оценка на въздействието на трансатлантическото партньорство в областта на търговията и инвестициите върху икономиката и предприятията на Турция (в т.ч. 1.
Резултатите от работната група на високо равнище ЕС
1.
Резултатите от работната група на високо равнище ЕС
(430)
2.
ТПТИ няма да засегне регламента за взаимното признаване в нехармонизираните области, приет наскоро от Турция.
3.
Що се отнася до последиците върху търговията със стоки по отношение на правата и отговорностите, ТПТИ ще има въздействие върху Турция, подобно на това от други споразумения за свободна търговия (ССТ), сключени от ЕС. Услугите не са обхванати от митническия съюз между ЕС и Турция.
4.
Оценка на въздействието на ТПТИ върху Турция ще бъдат включена в предстоящата оценка на въздействието върху устойчивото развитие (ОВУР).
5.
Проектът на указанията за водене на преговори за ТПТИ, който понастоящем се обсъжда в Съвета, се отнася само за рамката за преговори между ЕС и САЩ само.
6.
Комисията редовно споделя на неофициални срещи и ще продължи да споделя с Турция информация за търговската политика, включително за преговори за ССТ.
7.
Комисията осъзнава стратегическия интерес на ЕС да запази и задълбочи своята икономическа и търговска интеграция с Турция. Това също така е отразено в положителния график на Комисията за Турция. В усилие да модернизира и подобри ефективността на митническия съюз между ЕС и Турция Комисията започна оценка на митническия съюз.
(Nederlandse versie)
Vraag met verzoek om schriftelijk antwoord E-003161/13
aan de Commissie
Marietje Schaake (ALDE) en Metin Kazak (ALDE)
(20 maart 2013)
Betreft: Gevolgen van een trans-Atlantische handels‐ en investeringsovereenkomst voor de overeenkomst tot instelling van een douane-unie tussen Turkije en de EU
De EU en de VS staan op het punt om onderhandelingen te starten (431) over een trans-Atlantische handels‐ en investeringsovereenkomst, die positieve gevolgen zou kunnen hebben voor werkgelegenheid en groei (432). Volgens de Commissie zal deze overeenkomst model staan niet alleen voor toekomstige bilaterale handels‐ en investeringsovereenkomsten maar ook voor de ontwikkeling van wereldwijde regels. (433) Voor Turkije, dat enerzijds een kandidaat-lidstaat is met een markt die onlosmakelijk verbonden is met de EU, en anderzijds een belangrijke handelspartner van de VS is, zou de handels‐ en investeringsovereenkomst rechtstreeks gevolgen hebben, zoals al eerder is aangegeven in het verslag-Kazak (434). Gezien het belang van de economische en handelsbetrekkingen tussen de EU en Turkije (120 miljard EUR in 2011 (435)), die geregeld zijn bij de overeenkomst tot instelling van de douane-unie tussen beide partijen, en de wederzijdse verplichtingen van Turkije in het kader van het toetredingsproces, vragen wij de Commissie het volgende:
1 Zijn de gevolgen van de handels‐ en investeringsovereenkomst voor Turkije, zoals (meer of minder) technische en andere handelsobstakels, in de Groep op hoog niveau ter sprake gekomen? Zo ja, wat is daarover gezegd en/of wat denkt de Commissie daarvan?
2.
Vanaf 1 januari 2013 geldt een belangrijke, door Turkije goedgekeurde regeling inzake wederzijdse erkenning in de niet-geharmoniseerde sectoren. Zullen de handels‐ en investeringsovereenkomst en de technische en regelgevingsimplicaties ervan de toepassing van die regeling beïnvloeden, en zo ja, hoe?
3.
Kan de Commissie zeggen welke de belangrijkste gevolgen zijn van de handels‐ en investeringsovereenkomst voor de handel in goederen en diensten met Turkije in het kader van de overeenkomst tot instelling van een douane-unie voor wat betreft rechten en verantwoordelijkheden? Zo nee, waarom niet?
4.
Heeft de Commissie samen met de Turkse autoriteiten een beoordeling gemaakt van de gevolgen van de handels‐ en investeringsovereenkomst voor de economie en het bedrijfsleven (inclusief kmo's) van Turkije? Zo nee, denkt de Commissie niet dat dat een goed idee zou zijn?
5.
Wordt er in het (ontwerp van) onderhandelingsmandaat ergens verwezen naar de impact van de handels‐ en investeringsovereenkomst en de verantwoordelijkheid van de EU enerzijds en de verplichtingen van Turkije anderzijds in het kader van de douane-unie?
6.
Zal Turkije, voor zover dat bij de vereiste vertrouwelijkheid van handelsonderhandelingen mogelijk is, door de Commissie op de hoogte worden gehouden van de vorderingen bij de onderhandelingen over de handels‐ en investeringsovereenkomst en de potentiële gevolgen daarvan? Zo ja, op welke wijze?
7.
Deelt de Commissie de mening dat het in het grootste strategische belang van de EU is de economische en handelsintegratie met Turkije in stand te houden en uit te diepen, enerzijds als onderdeel van de nieuwe
„positieve agenda” ter voorbereiding op de eventuele toetreding van Turkije tot de EU, mits aan alle criteria van Kopenhagen wordt voldaan, en anderzijds gezien het feit dat Turkije het op een na grootste leger van de NAVO heeft?
Antwoord van de heer De Gucht namens de Commissie
(15 mei 2013)
De Commissie is zich bewust van de wens van Turkije om, parallel aan de Trans-Atlantische handels‐ en investeringsovereenkomst tussen de EU en de VS, te onderhandelen over een vrijhandelsovereenkomst met de Verenigde Staten. Er zijn contacten gelegd met de Verenigde Staten (VS) om de wens van Turkije door te geven en te steunen en de VS te informeren over de douane-unie tussen Turkije en de EU. Bovendien is de Commissie voornemens Turkije regelmatig op de hoogte te houden van de voortgang op de betrokken gebieden van de trans-Atlantische handels‐ en investeringsovereenkomst.
1.
De resultaten van de EU-VS werkgroep op hoog niveau zijn bekendgemaakt in het verslag van de EU-VS werkgroep op hoog niveau dat online te vinden is (436)..
2.
De handels‐ en investeringsovereenkomst zal geen effect hebben op de regeling betreffende de wederzijdse erkenning in niet-geharmoniseerde gebieden die onlangs door Turkije is aangenomen.
3.
Wat de gevolgen voor de rechten en verantwoordelijkheden in verband met de handel in goederen betreft zal de handel‐ en investeringsovereenkomst een effect op Turkije hebben dat vergelijkbaar is met andere door de EU gesloten vrijhandelsovereenkomsten. Diensten vallen niet onder de douane-unie tussen de EU en Turkije.
4.
Een effectbeoordeling van de handel‐ en investeringsovereenkomst ten opzichte van Turkije wordt meegenomen in de komende duurzaamheidseffectbeoordeling.
5.
De ontwerp-onderhandelingsrichtsnoeren voor de handels‐ en investeringsovereenkomst die momenteel in de Raad worden besproken, hebben alleen betrekking op het kader van de onderhandelingen tussen de EU en de VS.
6.
De Commissie deelt regelmatig informatie over het handelsbeleid, waaronder informatie over onderhandelingen inzake vrijhandelsovereenkomsten met Turkije en zal dit blijven doen.
7.
De Commissie is zich bewust van het strategische belang van de EU om de economische en handelsintegratie met Turkije in stand te houden en uit te diepen. Dit komt ook naar voren in de „positieve agenda” van de Commissie voor Turkije. Om de douane-unie tussen Turkije en de EU te moderniseren en de effectiviteit ervan te verbeteren heeft de Commissie een evaluatie van de douane-unie in gang gezet.
(English version)
Question for written answer E-003161/13
to the Commission
Marietje Schaake (ALDE) and Metin Kazak (ALDE)
(20 March 2013)
Subject: Impact of a transatlantic trade and investment partnership on Turkey's Customs Union agreement with the EU
The EU and the US are to start (437) negations on a transatlantic trade and investment partnership (TTIP), which could have positive effects on jobs and growth (438). According to the Commission ‘this deal will set the standard — not only for our future bilateral trade and investment but also for the development of global rules’ (439). Turkey, a candidate country with its market intricately linked to the EU, as well as a major trading partner of the US, would be directly affected by the TTIP, as has been previously addressed in the Kazak report (440). Given the importance of EU-Turkey economic and trade relations (worth EUR 120 billion in 2011 (441)), which are governed by the Customs Union agreement (442), and of the EU’s and Turkey’s mutual commitments in the accession process, the following questions arise:
Have the consequences of the TTIP for Turkey, in terms of (more or fewer) technical and non-technical barriers to trade, been considered in the High Level Working Group? If so, can the Commission share and/or comment on these deliberations?
As of 1 January 2013 an important regulation on mutual recognition in the non-harmonised area, as adopted by Turkey, will enter into force. 1.
The results of the EU-US High Level Working Group (HLWG) have been published in the Final HLWG Report which can be found online
1.
The results of the EU-US High Level Working Group (HLWG) have been published in the Final HLWG Report which can be found online
(443)
2.
The TTIP will not affect the regulation on mutual recognition in non-harmonised areas recently adopted by Turkey.
3.
As far as consequences on trade in goods in terms of rights and responsibilities is concerned, the TTIP will have an impact on Turkey similar to that of other Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) concluded by the EU. Services are not covered by the Customs Union between the EU and Turkey.
4.
An assessment of the TTIP impact on Turkey will be included in the forthcoming Sustainability Impact Assessment (SIA).
5.
The Draft Negotiating Directives for the TTIP that are currently being discussed in the Council concern the framework of negotiations between the EU and the US only.
6.
The Commission regularly shares and will continue to share with Turkey trade policy information, including on FTA negotiations.
7.
The Commission is aware of the EU strategic interest to preserve and deepen its economic and trade integration with Turkey. This is also reflected in the Commission's positive agenda for Turkey. In an effort to modernise and improve the effectiveness of the EU‐Turkey Customs Union the Commission launched an evaluation of the Customs Union.
(Versão portuguesa)
Pergunta com pedido de resposta escrita E-003162/13
à Comissão
Nuno Melo (PPE)
(20 de março de 2013)
Assunto: Aditivo contra mosquitos
Considerando que:
—
Um grupo de investigadores da Universidade do Minho descobriu uma tecnologia que pode ser usada por qualquer pessoa na sua roupa contra mosquitos que transmitem doenças como a malária ou a dengue;
—
O coordenador do projeto explicou que este produto tem uma textura semelhante à de um detergente líquido usado para lavar roupa e que é composto por produtos ativos com antimicrobianos e repelentes de mosquitos;
Pergunto à Comissão:
Tendo em conta o impacto da malária nas populações dos países mais atingidos, bem como nos europeus viajantes ou residentes nesses países, como avalia a possibilidade e a vantagem de utilização, financiamento e desenvolvimento da referida técnica?
Resposta dada por Tonio Borg em nome da Comissão
(8 de maio de 2013)
A Comissão gostaria de remeter o Senhor Deputado para a resposta dada à pergunta E‐002052/2013.
Em 2009, a Comissão financiou um projeto de investigação especificamente sobre este tema (projeto NO-BUG, NMP2-SE-2009-228639) sobre o tema «Nanociências, nanotecnologias, materiais e novas tecnologias de produção». As possibilidades de financiamento para continuar a desenvolver a nova tecnologia podem ser disponibilizadas no próximo Programa‐Quadro para a Investigação e a Inovação da UE, denominado «Horizonte 2020». Tal depende da decisão final dos colegisladores sobre as propostas da Comissão nesta matéria e sobre a sua execução concreta por meio de programas de trabalho.
(English version)
Question for written answer E-003162/13
to the Commission
Nuno Melo (PPE)
(20 March 2013)
Subject: Additive to repel mosquitoes
— A group of researchers from the University of Minho have discovered a technology which anyone can use on their clothes to repel mosquitoes transmitting diseases such as malaria and dengue.
— The project coordinator explained that this product’s texture is similar to liquid detergent used for washing clothes and that it consists of active products containing antimicrobials and mosquito repellents.
Given malaria’s impact on the populations of the most affected countries, as well as on European travellers and residents in those countries, how does the Commission view the possibility and the benefit of using, financing and developing this technology?
Answer given by Mr Borg on behalf of the Commission
(8 May 2013)
The Commission would like to refer the Honourable Member to our answer to Question E-002052/2013.
The Commission has funded a research project specifically on this topic in 2009, (project NO-BUG, NMP2-SE-2009-228639) under the Theme ‘Nanosciences, Nanotechnologies, Materials and new Production Technologies’. Possibilities for funding to further develop the new technology may become available in the EU’s future Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, ‘Horizon 2020’. This depends on the final decision of the co-legislators on the respective Commission proposals and on its concrete implementation in work programmes.
(Versão portuguesa)
Pergunta com pedido de resposta escrita E-003163/13
à Comissão
Nuno Melo (PPE)
(20 de março de 2013)
Assunto: Intensificam-se as ameaças entre Coreia do Norte e Coreia do Sul
Considerando que:
—
A Coreia do Norte já não responde às chamadas da Coreia do Sul, através da única linha telefónica entre os governos dos dois países;
—
O habitual exercício militar em larga escala que os EUA e os sul-coreanos realizaram até ao final de abril na região, a par das sanções impostas pelas Nações Unidas, na sequência do último teste nuclear realizado pela Coreia do Norte a 12 de fevereiro, estão a fazer escalar a tensão sentida entre os dois países;
—
O exercício militar que começou hoje e envolve dez mil militares sul-coreanos e três mil norte-americanos é entendido pela Coreia do Norte como um treino para a invasão do seu território;
—
Segundo um diário norte-coreano, a Coreia do Norte já instalou mísseis estratégicos e sistemas de lançamento múltiplo de foguetes e todos os cidadãos do país converteram-se em soldados;
Pergunto à Comissão:
Como tem acompanhado o escalar da tensão sentida entre os dois países, bem como a troca de argumentos que incitam a um eventual ataque nuclear e o início de uma guerra?
Resposta dada pela Alta Representante/Vice-Presidente Catherine Ashton em nome da Comissão
(13 de maio de 2013)
A UE está preocupada com as tensões na Península da Coreia e com os atos de provocação e ameaças levados a cabo pela Coreia do Norte. A UE tem mantido um contacto estreito com os principais intervenientes na região através das suas delegações na China, Coreia do Sul e Japão. A UE tem também mantido canais de comunicação estreitos com Pionguiangue, presentemente através da representação local sueca. A UE prestará assistência, sempre que possível, para acalmar a situação e alcançar uma solução diplomática. Também se esforçará por manter a unidade da comunidade internacional e, em particular, por prestar apoio ao Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas (CSNU), na resposta aos atos de provocação por parte da República Popular Democrática da Coreia (RPDC).
(English version)
Question for written answer E-003163/13
to the Commission
Nuno Melo (PPE)
(20 March 2013)
Subject: Escalation of threats between North Korea and South Korea
— North Korea no longer responds to South Korea’s calls via the single telephone line that connects the two governments.
— The routine large-scale military exercise being held in the region by the United States and South Korea until the end of April, along with the sanctions imposed by the United Nations following the latest nuclear test conducted by North Korea on 12 February, has led to an escalation of tensions between the two countries.
— North Korea regards the military exercise that began today, involving ten thousand South Korean and three thousand US soldiers, as training for an invasion of its territory.
— According to a North Korean newspaper, North Korea has installed strategic missiles and multiple launch rocket systems and all the country’s citizens have become soldiers.
How has the Commission been monitoring the escalation of tensions between the two countries, as well as the exchange of arguments which may provoke a nuclear attack and the onset of war?
Answer given by High Representative/Vice-President Ashton on behalf of the Commission
(13 May 2013)
The EU is concerned about tensions on the Korean peninsula and North Korea's provocative actions and threats. The EU is in close contact with key actors in the region through its Delegations in China, South Korea and Japan. The EU also maintains close channels of communication with Pyongyang, at present through the Swedish local representation. The EU will assist where possible to cool down the situation and find a way forward to a diplomatic solution. It will also strive to maintain the unity of the international community, and in particular to work in support of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), in response to provocative actions by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK).
(Versão portuguesa)
Pergunta com pedido de resposta escrita E-003164/13
à Comissão
Nuno Melo (PPE)
(20 de março de 2013)
Assunto: Declarações de Jean-Claude Juncker
Considerando que:
—
O ex-líder do Eurogrupo, Jean-Claude Juncker, advertiu, recentemente, que os conflitos na Europa podem-se agravar e que uma situação de guerra não deve ser excluída;
—
Para Juncker, os primeiros sinais foram detetados no decurso das campanhas eleitorais na Grécia e na Itália, em que as campanhas eleitorais nos dois países do sul foram «excessivamente antialemãs e antieuropeias», não deixando de reconhecer que, no caso da Grécia, «a forma como alguns políticos alemães se referiram ao país deixou feridas profundas na sociedade grega»;
Pergunto à Comissão:
Como interpreta o sentimento criado entre os diversos países da União Europeia, mergulhados numa profunda crise económica, política e social? Não considera que o sentimento de união dos povos, responsável pela criação da «família europeia», está a ser destruído?
Resposta dada por José Manuel Durão Barroso em nome da Comissão
(15 de maio de 2013)
A Comissão chama a atenção do Senhor Deputado para o facto de não fazer, em princípio, comentários sobre artigos de imprensa.
No passado, a reação às crises deu um forte contributo para o progresso da integração europeia. Esse progresso implicou sempre debates intensos e compromissos difíceis. Hoje em dia a situação não é diferente. Ao mesmo tempo, devido à interdependência dentro da UE e mais ainda dentro da UEM, a melhor forma de apoiar e defender os interesses dos nossos cidadãos passa por uma maior integração. A transição para uma UEM profunda e genuína poderá requerer debates intensos e difíceis, que são no entanto, dentro de um enquadramento democrático forte, condição prévia para se obterem resultados sustentáveis.
A Comissão Europeia considera importante que os debates se baseiem em factos e decorram num espírito de equidade e honestidade intelectual. Nos próximos anos, a União Europeia terá de assegurar o restabelecimento do crescimento económico, o reforço da coesão social e a manutenção da unidade política.
(English version)
Question for written answer E-003164/13
to the Commission
Nuno Melo (PPE)
(20 March 2013)
Subject: Statement by Jean-Claude Juncker
— Jean-Claude Juncker, the former leader of the Eurogroup, recently warned that conflicts in Europe may worsen and that the prospect of war should not be ruled out.
— According to Juncker, the initial signs were evident during the election campaigns in Greece and Italy which, in both southern European countries, were ‘excessively anti-German and thus un-European’. He also acknowledges that ‘the way some German politicians have lashed out at Greece when the country fell into the crisis has left deep wounds there’.
How does the Commission interpret the feeling created between the various EU countries, which have been plunged into a deep economic, political and social crisis? Does it not believe that the sense of unity between peoples, responsible for the creation of the ‘European family’, is being destroyed?
Answer given by Mr Barroso on behalf of the Commission
(15 May 2013)
The Commission would like to draw the Honourable Member's attention to the fact that it declines in principle making comments on press reports.
European integration has in the past advanced most in response to crises. Such progress has always involved intense debates and difficult compromises. This is no different today. At the same time, because of the interdependence within the EU and even more within the EMU the interests of our Citizens can best be upheld and defended through closer integration. A transition to a deep and genuine EMU may entail intense and difficult debates. Such debates within a strong democratic framework are the precondition for sustainable results.
The European Commission believes it is important that debate takes place on the basis of facts and in a spirit of fairness and intellectual honesty. The task for the European Union in the coming years is to ensure that economic growth is restored, social cohesion enhanced and political unity upheld.
(Versão portuguesa)
Pergunta com pedido de resposta escrita E-003165/13
à Comissão
Nuno Melo (PPE)
(20 de março de 2013)
Assunto: Doenças de Sobrecarga do Lisossoma (DSL)
Considerando que:
—
As Doenças de Sobrecarga do Lisossoma (DSL) são, por definição, doenças raras;
—
Sendo muitas vezes o resultado de uma anomalia genética rara, esta deficiência enzimática gera múltiplas complicações que podem tornar-se incapacitantes ou comportar risco de vida;
—
Representam uma importante fatia dos orçamentos de saúde dos Estados-Membros da União Europeia, pois os fármacos utilizados nestas doenças são medicamentos órfãos com custos elevados;
Pergunto à Comissão:
Que medidas inscreve a Comissão na agenda no que se refere ao plano de diagnóstico, tratamento, seguimento, investigação científica e formação dos profissionais de saúde no que se refere a estas doenças de sobrecarga do lisossoma?
Resposta dada por Tonio Borg em nome da Comissão
(7 de maio de 2013)
O Sétimo Programa-Quadro de Investigação apoiou três projetos de investigação desenvolvidos em colaboração, nomeadamente o ALPHA-MAN (444), o Euclyd (445) e o MeuSIX (446), que se centram nas Doenças de Sobrecarga do Lisossoma, com uma contribuição global da UE no montante de 14,8 milhões de euros.
Além disso, o Regulamento da UE relativo aos medicamentos órfãos, adotado em 1999, visa apoiar o desenvolvimento de medicamentos capazes de responder a necessidades médicas em aberto no domínio das doenças raras, através de incentivos às empresas que desenvolvem tais tratamentos. Até à data, estas medidas permitiram que 1 065 medicamentos fossem designados «medicamentos órfãos», e 75 medicamentos foram autorizados a ser introduzidos no mercado da UE.
|
github_open_source_100_8_20033 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | import 'package:dart_code_metrics/src/analyzers/lint_analyzer/models/severity.dart';
import 'package:dart_code_metrics/src/analyzers/lint_analyzer/rules/rules_list/prefer_correct_identifier_length/prefer_correct_identifier_length.dart';
import 'package:test/test.dart';
import '../../../../../helpers/rule_test_helper.dart';
const _path = 'prefer_correct_identifier_length/examples';
const _classExample = '$_path/class_example.dart';
const _commonExample = '$_path/common_example.dart';
const _enumExample = '$_path/enum_example.dart';
const _mixinExample = '$_path/mixin_example.dart';
const _extensionExample = '$_path/extension_example.dart';
const _withoutErrorExample = '$_path/without_error_example.dart';
void main() {
group('PreferCorrectIdentifierLength', () {
test('initialization', () async {
final unit = await RuleTestHelper.resolveFromFile(_classExample);
final issues = PreferCorrectIdentifierLength().check(unit);
RuleTestHelper.verifyInitialization(
issues: issues,
ruleId: 'prefer-correct-identifier-length',
severity: Severity.style,
);
});
test('reports no issues', () async {
final unit = await RuleTestHelper.resolveFromFile(_withoutErrorExample);
final issues = PreferCorrectIdentifierLength().check(unit);
RuleTestHelper.verifyNoIssues(issues);
});
test('reports about found all issues in class_example.dart', () async {
final unit = await RuleTestHelper.resolveFromFile(_classExample);
final issues = PreferCorrectIdentifierLength({
'max-identifier-length': 10,
'min-identifier-length': 3,
'exceptions': ['z'],
}).check(unit);
RuleTestHelper.verifyIssues(
issues: issues,
startOffsets: [
24,
47,
124,
165,
240,
265,
311,
336,
367,
399,
447,
472,
],
startLines: [2, 3, 7, 8, 11, 12, 16, 17, 20, 22, 25, 26],
startColumns: [9, 9, 9, 9, 11, 11, 11, 11, 12, 12, 11, 11],
endOffsets: [
25,
48,
143,
196,
241,
266,
312,
337,
368,
400,
448,
473,
],
locationTexts: [
'x',
'y',
'multiplatformConfig',
'multiplatformConfigurationPoint',
'u',
'i',
'u',
'i',
'o',
'p',
'u',
'i',
],
messages: [
"The x identifier is 1 characters long. It's recommended to increase it up to 3 chars long.",
"The y identifier is 1 characters long. It's recommended to increase it up to 3 chars long.",
"The multiplatformConfig identifier is 19 characters long. It's recommended to decrease it to 10 chars long.",
"The multiplatformConfigurationPoint identifier is 31 characters long. It's recommended to decrease it to 10 chars long.",
"The u identifier is 1 characters long. It's recommended to increase it up to 3 chars long.",
"The i identifier is 1 characters long. It's recommended to increase it up to 3 chars long.",
"The u identifier is 1 characters long. It's recommended to increase it up to 3 chars long.",
"The i identifier is 1 characters long. It's recommended to increase it up to 3 chars long.",
"The o identifier is 1 characters long. It's recommended to increase it up to 3 chars long.",
"The p identifier is 1 characters long. It's recommended to increase it up to 3 chars long.",
"The u identifier is 1 characters long. It's recommended to increase it up to 3 chars long.",
"The i identifier is 1 characters long. It's recommended to increase it up to 3 chars long.",
],
);
});
test('reports about found all issues in common_example.dart', () async {
final unit = await RuleTestHelper.resolveFromFile(_commonExample);
final issues = PreferCorrectIdentifierLength().check(unit);
RuleTestHelper.verifyIssues(
issues: issues,
startOffsets: [22, 46, 72, 93],
startLines: [2, 3, 6, 7],
startColumns: [9, 9, 7, 7],
endOffsets: [24, 49, 73, 94],
locationTexts: ['zy', '_ze', 'u', 'i'],
messages: [
"The zy identifier is 2 characters long. It's recommended to increase it up to 3 chars long.",
"The _ze identifier is 3 characters long. It's recommended to increase it up to 3 chars long.",
"The u identifier is 1 characters long. It's recommended to increase it up to 3 chars long.",
"The i identifier is 1 characters long. It's recommended to increase it up to 3 chars long.",
],
);
});
test('reports about found all issues in enum_example.dart', () async {
final unit = await RuleTestHelper.resolveFromFile(_enumExample);
final issues = PreferCorrectIdentifierLength({
'max-identifier-length': 10,
'min-identifier-length': 3,
}).check(unit);
RuleTestHelper.verifyIssues(
issues: issues,
startOffsets: [14, 27],
startLines: [2, 3],
startColumns: [3, 3],
endOffsets: [15, 28],
locationTexts: ['u', 'i'],
messages: [
"The u identifier is 1 characters long. It's recommended to increase it up to 3 chars long.",
"The i identifier is 1 characters long. It's recommended to increase it up to 3 chars long.",
],
);
});
test('reports about found all issues in extension_example.dart', () async {
final unit = await RuleTestHelper.resolveFromFile(_extensionExample);
final issues = PreferCorrectIdentifierLength({
'max-identifier-length': 10,
'min-identifier-length': 3,
}).check(unit);
RuleTestHelper.verifyIssues(
issues: issues,
startOffsets: [60, 85],
startLines: [3, 4],
startColumns: [11, 11],
endOffsets: [61, 86],
locationTexts: ['u', 'i'],
messages: [
"The u identifier is 1 characters long. It's recommended to increase it up to 3 chars long.",
"The i identifier is 1 characters long. It's recommended to increase it up to 3 chars long.",
],
);
});
test('reports about found all issues in mixin_example.dart', () async {
final unit = await RuleTestHelper.resolveFromFile(_mixinExample);
final issues = PreferCorrectIdentifierLength({
'max-identifier-length': 10,
'min-identifier-length': 3,
}).check(unit);
RuleTestHelper.verifyIssues(
issues: issues,
startOffsets: [22, 45],
startLines: [2, 3],
startColumns: [9, 9],
endOffsets: [23, 46],
locationTexts: ['u', 'i'],
messages: [
"The u identifier is 1 characters long. It's recommended to increase it up to 3 chars long.",
"The i identifier is 1 characters long. It's recommended to increase it up to 3 chars long.",
],
);
});
});
}
|
anastasiusormemo03thope_7 | English-PD | Public Domain | A thunder-bolt falling at my feet coidd not have more astounded me. Had I met with no impedi- ment I would immediately have sought my safety in flight. But fearful to betray my fear, and to draw upon me the eyes of the multitude, by attempt- ing to force my way through their closely wedged ranks, I was contented with making myself as small as possible, in order to elude observation. With a throbbing heart I continued to listen : — but my palpitation prevented me from hearing another word, and all I could do was to watch the looks of the disputants. After the hawk's eye of Abd-ool- Azeez had several times wandered round and round the crowd as if seeking its prey, I at last saw it pounce upon my features, and from that moment remain stedfast. " It is all over with me now !" thought I ; and indeed an Arab to my right made but n2 180 ANASTASUS. too intelligible a sign to another on my left, that no mercy must be expected. This confirmation of my surmises had made me well nigh sink to the ground, when a third Arab who stood before me, shrugging up his shoulders, cried out : " his fate is sealed;" and then with a deep sigh added ; " alas ! poor Omar I" Oh 1 how I felt relieved on hearing that death was to be Omar's portion, not mine. My heart dilated, my lungs expanded, and my blood again began to flow. Ashamed of my silly apprehensions, I stretched myself, resumed my erect posture, and felt as if I rose the whole height of my head above the surrounding multitude, on which I now cast all round a complacent look. " Who is this Omar?" said I to my neighbour; " whose fate seems to excite such interest ?" " The boast of his tribe, the flower of his family, and the pride of his parents," answered the man, — wiping the tears from his face. " And for these offences," resumed I, " doomed to inevitable death ?" " 'Tis too certain," replied my informer. " His liberality excited the envy of the ferocious Mooktar, who, only intent upon tempting Providence by the daily recension of his growing riches, never ad- mitted mortal man to partake of his goods. Wroth that Omar, less wealthy, should yet be more re- spected, he added outrage to jealousy, every where ANASTASIUS. 181 insulted the object of his hate, and even lifted his lance against him ; until at last Omar, in defence of his own life, took the life of his foe. Hereupon? lest Mooktar's powerful relations should sacrifice justice to pride, he absconded, and his antagonist's friends swore to revenge their slaughtered kinsman on whatever friend of the homicide should come within the reach of their spears. From this san- guinary resolve they now in part desist. They agree to accept a ransom for the lives of Omar's kindred; but from their mercy Omar himself, of course, remains excluded. If found, he still must fall. Ibn- Aly, the strange Schaich, himself related to Omar, came in hopes of obtaining the youth's inclusion in this compromise. He has just been representing in the strongest terms to our chief— to whom Mooktar owed vassalage — the intolerable provocations on one side, and the long patience, and at last, the unpremeditated retort, on the other : but in vain ! Even Abd-ool-Azeez cannot compel Mooktar's friends to renounce the price of blood — the right they have on Omar's life. Behold them all ranged in a row behind our Schaich, hissing like scotched snakes : see the looks of rage they dart on Omar's kinsmen, ranged on the op- posite side behind their own chief Aly. Does it not seem as if each troop were only waiting for the signal to fall on the other like beasts of prey, mad with die thirst for blood ?" 182 ANASTASICS. This account of my neighbour's was confirmed by the words which Abd-ool-Azccz now uttered. " Omar," said he, " has incurred capital punish- ment, and, while he remains concealed, the sentence cannot be mitigated. If he have any thing to allc"-e in his defence, let him come forward ; let him plead his own cause; let him submit, should he fail in proving his innocence, to the wrath his crime deserves. — In fine, let him seek the grant of his for- feited life in the generosity of his adversaries, and not in the impotence of their resentment." " I understand,'' replied with a bitter smile the strange Schaich ; " Omar is to be, by a false hope of pardon, drawn out of his concealment, in order that his enemies, spurning his defence, may at their leisure riot in his destruction." Abd-ool-Azeez gave the stranger a daunting look, but coolly proceeded. " I doubt not," rejoined he, " that the kinsmen of the deceased would pledge themselves for the safety of the murderer, not only while the pleading lasted, but until he were again conducted beyond the pale of this district. What say they ?" exclaimed he, looking all round — as if to invite the party concerned to confirm his sup- position. " We would, we would ;"" answered several voices from among the cluster of Mooktars relations; and this was the first symptom, on their part, of a re- turn to feelings less implacable. But what bpr ANASTASIUS. i83 -came the universal astonishment when, upon the strength of these vague exclamations, a young man of the most prepossessing appearance, after strug- ghng to break away from the followers of Aly, at last was seen to spring forward, and to proclaim himself the actually present Omar ! Submitting only to concealment in compliance with his friends desires, this noble-minded youth had impatiently brooked the crouching attitude of fear and disguise. He thought the circumstances of his case needed only be known, to make his most implacable anta- gonists own the guiltlessness of his conduct; and the confused and tumultuous assent of some of Mooktar's kinsmen to the proposal thrown out by the supreme Schaich, he had considered a challenge, which his character no longer allowed him to dis- regard. But Omar wholly trusted to the dictates of justice : he had left out of his reckoning the sug- gestions of passion. When the brothers of the de- ceased,— those who most reluctantly had yielded even to the partial compromise in favour of the in- nocent friends of the guilty Omar, — saw darkening the ground before them, and defying their anger while within reachof their poniards, the youth him- self whom they had so long and so fruitlessly sought, they could not contain their fury. Drawing the :already sharpened dagger out of his bosom, the eldest of the party sprung forward like a tiger upon 184 ANASTASIUS. his unsuspecting prey, and plunged the shining steel deep into Omar's side, ere the attendants of the Schaich had leisure to watch, or presence of mind to arrest his heavy arm : — the blood spouted from tlie wound upon its very author ! At this sight the Prince sprang up ; and, rending his vestment: " Friends of Mooktar," he cried, '' what have you done ? Under my own eyes, in my very court, thus to break the faith just pledged, to perjure yourselves, to set me at nought, and to disgrace our whole tribe !- O Arab, Arab ! Time, while it lasts, never can wipe out this foul stain !" — and he beat his naked breast. " Our assent," answered, deeply blushing, the almost breathless offender, " only rested on the solemn assurance that none of the murderer's friends knew what spot on earth was defiled by his presence: you see, he mocked our wrath from the very midst of their troop." " And what of that?" resumed the Schaich. " To me you had committed the task of procuring you justice; and all know whether I fulfilled my trust. Speak, foes of Omar, as well as his friends, if I showed any undue partiality. But you have in- fringed your promise; you have trodden upon your engagement; and if Omar dies, murder has been requited by equal murder. Your own blood will have to atone for the blood which you spilt." ANASTASIUS. 185 These words were heard by Omar. Weak as he was, and expecting his wound to prove mortal, yet could he not brook to rest the fairness of his own character merely on the foul deed of his ad- versaries. He insisted on making the defence which before had been granted him, and proving his entire innocence. The Schaich gave the requi- site permission, and, in order that his almost extinct voice might be heard, immediately imposed on all around him the strictest silence. Supported by two of his nearest relations, Omar now advanced, and in words few and faint, but most clear and im.pressive, stated the manifold in- sults he had received, and the daily forbearance he had shown, until provocations baffling all human patience had extorted the chastisement, which even then had n-ot been intended to end in Mooktar's death. Few were those among Omar's hearers who, when he concluded his speech, pronounced him not in their hearts far more than merely acquitted : — worthy of applause, of reward, of every honour. But among those was not the supreme Schaich. Whether prompted by extreme love of justice, or by a latent bias toward his own tribe : " Omar," exclaimed he, to the dismay of all ; — " you have chosen to rest your safety on the merits of your case, and have compelled me to sit in judgment on one whom I could have wished to save. I own you deserving of pity, but I cannot pronounce you en- 186 ANASTASIUS. titled to pardon. That word may not pass my lips." Tlien, turning to the kinsmen of Mooktar: *' Friends of the shiin," continued he, " I am going to deHver into your hands that which, though in part too hastily anticipated, yet in its whole is your due. I am going to give you full possession of your victim. If, not satisfied with having drawn blood for blood, you must have the entire certainty of taking life for life, achieve your work of ven- geance; plunge deeper your daggers into the heart of Omar; and secure yourselves against any re- maining possibility of his surviving his wound, and boasting of his deed." At these cruel words, Omar, exhausted with agitation and with loss of blood, fell senseless on the pavement; his friends uttered mournful groans, and the leader of his enemies, having whetted his knife on the steps of the palace, stooped to perform the last act of revenge, by plunging his poniard to the heart of the already speechless youth: — when Abd-ool-Azeez, yet holding back his hand, in a Jouder voice continued : " Having thus," said he, '' performed my duty both as arbitrator and as judge; let me however add this one thing more, that the act I am forced to permit must perpetuate between two distinguished families the rancour just kindled, and doom their enmity only to end in the destruction of the tribes to ANASTASIUS- 187 which they belong. I therefore denounce, as ruler of these realms, as minister of the Most High, and as apostle of the only pure faith, on whoever shall draw down upon his country an evil of such mag- nitude, my eternal malediction. Cursed be the hand that shall advance to extinguish the embers of an already fleeting life; cursed the lip that shall from an already agonised enemy withhold a free and un- qualified forgiveness !" " Yes ; cursed be that hand, and Cursed be those lips !" now re-echoed in unison from all the behold- ers— save one, who himself however, as if already struck by the anathema, and no longer daring to oppose the universal impulse, now with a ghastly look and quivering lip faintly uttered : " take my pardon;" then overwhelmed with disappointment and rage, fell back among his troop, — and dis- appeared. Shouts of joy now arose from every quarter. Of the dead Mooktar all further thoughts were dis^ missed, and the still breathing Omar alone con- tinued the object of general solicitude. Abd-ool- Azeez assigned him a small abode near the palace; and thither the youth was carried on the shoulders of his fi'iends, but with little hopes of saving his life. In honour of the reconciliation between the two families the supreme chief ordered a sumptuous feast. While the banquet was preparing he presented ijie to his kinsman, '* This stranger," said he, " ii 185 ANASTASILS. come to bend the knee with us to the Most High in the rightful worship. He abandons the luxuries of the Turks for the frugal life of tlie Walihabees, and brings with him the sciences taught in cities, that they may fructify in our camps." Then, turn- ing to me: — " the Othomans," added he, " boast of having once conquered these regions. Their armies crossed them indeed — but as the arrow cleaves the air, without leaving a trace. The Wah- habees soon shall march through the land of the Turks: but they shall go as the plough goes through the ground, — cutting up all it meets in its way, and leavinjT behind it an indelible track. In vain, to o conceal his wrinkles, old Suleiman paints his care- worn face : at the bare sound of our name the pale- ness of fear overcasts all his features, and proclaims the true feelings of his bosom, through the lying crimson that glows on his cheek !" The repast being ready, the various groups of guests sat down round the loaded platters,- accord- ing to their rank. Mine, being that of a foreign embassador, procured me the honour of a place near the Schaichs. Scarce had I, according to the country flishion, thrust my fingers in the dish, when an Arab, so enveloped in his ha;ck that his figure was not more cognizable than his face, walked into the room, with great solemnity approached the place where I sat, put the hem of my garment to his lips, and his lips to my ear, and in a wliisperiu- ANASTASIUS. 18^ termpted by loud and frequent sobs, invited me to leave my dinner, and to go where he should precede me. He most obstinately indeed refused to explain who he was, and for what purpose he desired my company, but there appeared something so earnest and impressive in his manner, that I could not say nay ; and though my neighbours pressed me to stay, and loudly inveighed against the unmannerly Arab, who called a new comer away from the feast at its very beginning, I followed my mysterious herald, and bade him lead the way. Contenting himself with thanking me for yielding to his entreaty, by a silent but earnest pressure of the hand, he conducted me to a hovel at the bottom of a narrow lane. There, gently opening the door of a back room, into which he preceded me on tip- toe, he ushered me amongst a large assembly of persons of both sexes, so intent upon the object around which they were collected, that he was obliged to push them aside in order to show me where lay, on a species of litter, wan, pale, and seeming at the last gasp, the wounded Omar. The party, assembled round this poor youth, were his parents and relations, who, when Ibn- Aly his cousin set out for Derayeh to negotiate his safety, had not been able to prevent him — impatient as he felt under the imputation of cowardice — from following, mixed among his kinsman's suite; and had therefore in their turn also followed, in order lOa ANASTASIUS. if possible to check his impetuosity, or at least t& support his viilour: — a circumstance wliich enabled them, after the imprudence he committed, imme- diately to come forward to his assistance, and t6 afford him all the care his situation required. Though his wound seemed not to have reached the vital parts, yet had Mooktar's dagger gone deep in his breast, and an high fever and extreme debility rendered his state to all appearances so critical, that his friends felt the utmost apprehen- sion for his life. Hearinjr that a sti-anger had arrived at Derayeh, skilled in the knowledge of the West, they determined to request his advice; and it was the father, — the afflicted Beder himself, — who came for me to the palace. The fear of marring the hilarity of the feast by the sadness of his looks had made him conceal his face, and the dread of incurring the reproaches of the host for taking away his guest had induced him to keep closed his lips. Even now that, out of hearing of the mirth- ful board and arrived with me near the bed of sick- ness, he attempted to speak, he could only point in silence to his son, lying almost insensible on his touch, — and moved his lips in vain to request my assistance. No sound came, and the tears which mechanically trickled down his cheeks belied the look of composure he strove to preserve. As to his wife and daughters, they attempted not even to suppress their emotion. Casting away all Mus- ANASTASILS. 191 sulman reserve, they convulsively grasped my hand, covered it with kisses, and bathed it in tears. " Cure, ah cure our loved Omar !" they cried, with heart-rending moans; *' for we know that it is in your power." This supposition was rather appalling; and the first thing I did was to disclaim every pretension to infallibility. After that protest, which, however seriously ut- tered, met with but little credence, I walked up to the patient, and, surrounded by an immoveable and breathless circle, endeavoured to ascertain Omar's condition. The chief medicine which, on due in- vestigation, his case seemed to require, was bodily rest, and mental composure. " Sir," said I therefore to the father, whose breath while I spoke answered not, but whose eyes devoured my words, " the character in which 1 come to this country is that of envoy of Schaich Mansoor, not of disciple of Ibn-Senna. What little skill in me- dicine I may possess was acquired as an object of curiosity, not as a means of profit. The gra- tuitousness of my assistance entitles me to stipulate before hand for the most implicit obedience to all my prescriptions." " Order us to'wrest from Aly's tomb his plumed turban," hereupon cried the father. " Command us to crawl on our bare knees to the Kaaba," ex- claimed the mother. *' Bid us renounce all the 192 ANASTASIUS. honours of the married state," spoke, in faltering accents, the daughters. " All these," I observed, " would be very difficult achievements, but of very little efficacy as a cure. A much easier proceeding might be of infinitely more advantage : namely, for the relations not to keep the patient in a constant fever by their alarms and their surmises ; but to retire, to stay without the room, and not to re-enter it, except with my per- mission." This prescription, however, was in itself much too easily obeyed, to have a chance of being enforced without the utmost difficulty. Nothing but the ab- solute certainty of losing their son, with which they were threatened, unless it were adhered to, could make the good people clear the chamber, and commit their dearest treasure to my sole vm- watched care. Left alone with my patient, I in a careless way mixed up a draught, and with an air of important solemnity composed a charm ; pledged myself only for the efficacy of the amulet, but took care to see the potion drunk off to the last drop. The confidence in the spell, the composing nature of the medicine, and the quiet of the room, procured the youth a refreshing sleep, and when he awoke, he found his fever abated, and his strength recruited. I now dressed his wound, gave him some liquid food, and, calling in his friends, showed them the improvement ANASTASIUS. 193 in his looks. But so loud were their exclamations of joy, and so boisterous the blessings they bestowed on my ancestors for three generations back, that I soon turned them all out again. My part of Cer- berus was unremittingly supported, until long inter- vals of tranquillity, and visits of an instant only, had removed all danger. When, owing to his good constitution, the youth became visibly convalescent, I stepped modestly forward to receive the thanks due to nature, for preserving the hopes of a power- ful house; — and these were not withheld. Had I saved Omar only through dint of the most con- summate skill and the most unwearied toil, the ex- pressions of gratitude could not have been more ardent, or more sincere. VOL. HI. 194 ANASTASIUS. CHAPTER VIII. Abd-ool-Azeez had provided me at Derayeli with a lodging such as became a guest of my dis- tinction. In fair weather it let in no rain, and in foul it stopped not the water from running out. My meals, which came ready dressed from the Schaich's own kitchen, had at least one great merit ; that of affording little excitement to intemperance. Now and then there arrived in single state, before or after my dinner, a plate of sweetmeats or a bowl of hos- hab, as a more pointed mark of attention, — on which occasions I failed not to be in all the requisite ecstacies. The strictness of the Wahhabee tenets forbade my being entertained with bands of singers and dancers ; but one might have fancied that I was expected myself to perform for the amusement of the curious, from the number that attended my levee every morning, ere I went out to pay my own court to the prince, or to visit my patient. With the Schaich I used to talk of Suleiman, of his force, liis policy, the intrigues of those who usurped his authority, and the cabals of those who coveted his succession. With Omar I used to handle a topic to me still more interesting : my own dear self I ANASTASIUS. 195 related to him every extraordinary object I had seen, and every strange adventure I had expe- rienced. No one could help loving the young Bedoween. Combining gentleness with spirit, and modesty with noble pride, his mind displayed in the midst of the desert, the cultivation of the college and the graces of a court. While lying on his bed of sickness he would make me hour after hour continue my narra- tions, though they often drew a deep sigh from his bosom ; and, when my breath was exhausted, he would in his turn take up the discourse, and relate the history of his tribe and the vicissitudes of his family. What he loved most to expatiate upon, was the purity of his blood and the virtues of his parents : his eyes glistened on telling me how his father — abhorring the frequent divorces in vogue among the Arabs, and the sacrifice they made of lasting affections to transient enjoyments, — had never had any wife but his mother; and how he himself proposed to follow his sire's good example. So exalted were his sentiments and so pleasing his conversation, that, when I shut my eyes, I sometimes could fancy I heard my friend Spiridion. Exter- nals only differed ; their hearts wore the same hue. Indeed, what all the sublime moral precepts of the young Greek, urged expressly for my benefit, could not efiect, the simple expression of noble sentiments which dropped unintentionally from the artless o 2 196 ANASTASIUS. Arab, in great measure brought about: — they ope- rated a real and important change in my own dis- position,— for my heart was now softened by sorrow, and steadied by experience : and poets say that the clay must be moistened by the dews from heaven, ere it can imbibe the fraojrance of the neiirhbourinff rose. What wonder then that the constant interchange between us, of varied information on my part, and of valuable principles on that of my patient, should by degrees have cemented between us a sincere and tender friendship. It acquired such intensity that, after the period had been fixed for Omar's return to El-Gaddeh, the place of his residence, he found means to linger at Deraych some time longer on the score of debility, in order to put off the evil day of our separation ; and when he no longer could urge any new excuse for staying, he made it his last solemn request, on taking leave of the great Schaich, that 1 might be permitted to accompany him to his home, and to stay under his roof. This favour, the prince, after some demur, was prevailed upon to grant; but only for a limited period, and on tlie express condition that I should hold myself in rea- diness to return to Derayeh the moment I was summoned. At El-Gaddeh, and in Beder's abode, I need not say that I felt more at ease than 1 had done at Derayeh, fed from the Prince's own kitchen. My ANASTASIUS. 197 kind hosts treated me to every diversion which the country afforded. Sometimes we went out hunting, at others w^e witnessed sports of agility and strength; and on the days we passed at home, Omar used to collect all the poets and story-tellers of the country, to pay me high flown compliments. According to their accounts, I might trace my descent at pleasure either from the Genii or the Peris; and as to my achievements, — the thousands which Antar slew every morning before breakfast, without a hair on his head being hurt, were child's play in comparison, Omar's relations and friends behaved to me as if all these fictions were fact : his father seemed to rejoice in our growing attachment, and Ibn-Aly himsclfj the head of the family as well as of the tribe, paid me every most flattering attention. Strange to tell, but true — the place where in the course of my che- quered life I experienced most of that glowing kind- ness which springs from the heart, was that where I sat down the greatest stranger, and which, in point of geographical situation, lay furthest removed from the land of my birth. I yet only reckoned the length of my stay at El- Gaddeh by single days, when one evening, returning with Omar from a camp pitched on the skirts of the desert, the youth suddenly stopped to contemplate the setting sun. After some time watching its de- cline with a pensive air; " Selim," said he, — -point- ing to that part of the horizon where its broad disk 198 . ANASTASIUS. was rapidly gliding behind the earthly globe, — *' your heart, I fear, still lingers there. Do what we may, some day we shall see you take up your staff, and bend back your steps to the regions of the West." " Omar," answered I, " there certainly arose the first affections of my youth ; in those regions were knit the strongest ties that bind my soul. It seems as if there alone my autumn could enjoy its second spring." — And though this speech might seem only framed for the occasion, and intended to enhance the merit of my stay, it had begun to be the language of truth. When I thought of my no longer exist- ing Euphrosyne ; of my still — as I hoped — breathing Alexis, and of my ever faithful friend Spiridion, tears of tenderness started in my eye, and the long- ing to return to the soil which had been blessed by their shadow, made my heart swell in reality with ill suppressed emotion. " Ah !" rejoined Omar, " why cannot we offer you, among us, ties strong as those that draw you away ! I wished my Selim to marry one of my sisters, in order that our blood might be mixed; that you might strike root in our soil. O that my parents, who so doat upon the preserver of their son, would for once sacrifice the pride of their race to the promptings of their gratitude, and the dictates of their love !" " Sir," replied I, somewhat nettled, " supposing ANASTASIUS. 199 your parents wished for the alliance, know you that I can accept it ? I told you before that I once was married : I told you that I had had for my wife the daughter of a Bey of Egypt: I have since sworn never to plight my vows again. Inform your parents of this engagement, in order that they may be trou- bled on my account neither with scruples nor with fears. To free them from all restraint, and to rid them of all uneasiness, I shall soon return to De- rayeh. Indeed I am to blame— in my situation — thus to stay away from the great Schaich, to whom my employers sent me." " Forgive the unintentional offence," resumed Omar, covering his eyes with his hand : " I could mean no reflection on your birth. The genuine Arab thinks the purity of his pedigree sullied even by mixture with the Tartar blood of the Sultans, — who probably would with equal care shun the taint of the Arab race. These are man's follies in every quarter of the globe !" An effort now was made to turn the conversation to other topics; — but with little success. Con- strained, while it lasted, it soon languished, and finally died away. Omar, so far from appearing re- lieved by the indifference which I expressed to the prejudices of his friends, would rather have seen me anxious to overcome their objections. He regretted my lukewarm desire for a permanent connexion with his house ; and from the day of this excursion 200 ANASTASIUS. a despondency came over liim, wliich, having its source in the mind, bafticd every power of me- dicine. Finding I could afford my friend hctle solace by my stay, and was wasting my time at El-Gaddeh, I seriously prepared to make good my words, and return to Derayeh. The hour was already fixed for my departure, when Ibn-Aly sent to speak with me. *' Selim/' said he, as soon as we were alone, " you have now associated with us long enough to know our customs, and our disposition. See whe- ther you could like for ever to turn away from the West, and to sit down among our tribes, so you were made a sharer in all their prerogatives, — so you were given a wife from that house in which you already have gained so many friends. I must not conceal from you that my kinsmen have brought their minds to this proposal only after a considerable struggle. Ilarcly we marry out of our district, more rarely still out of our country: but such is the love we bear Omar, and such the fear which his languor inspires us with of losing him, that for his sake we not only permit, we ardently desire an union, which may fix you for ever in the land of the Wahhabees. Nor need you fear that objections, wholly unconnected with your person, when once removed, will leave roots from which to spring up afresh. Once adopted as the son of my friends, ANASTASIUS. 201 you may to the end of your clays rely upon their support and affection." Had an alliance with the children of Wahhab never been proposed to me, I should probably have regarded it as a thing from which my mind must, in its present state, have utterly recoiled. I had originally sought the Wahhabees, only in order to fly from Suleiman, and I had since only prolonged my stay with them,because I could nowhere else ex- pect so hospitable a reception : but, though resigned to live a while in Arabia, it was not among Arabs that I wished to die. Unfortunately, after people so proud as these lords of the desert had overcome their own overweening scruples, it became expedient for me to conquer my more reasonable reluctance, and to accept the connexion, or to quit the abode of those by whom it was tendered. I could not tarry, where I had refused what was offered with so great an effort, and was considered as so signal an honour. I therefore resolved to sacrifice my feelings to my situation ; but, still apprehensive of diminishing my importance by too ready an acceptance of an offer unwillingly made, I appeared yet a w^hile to hang back, and again alleged my vow to Ibn- Aly, as I had done before to Omar. That circumstance however was not admitted to have any weight but what my own inclination gave it. No oath, taken during my state of darkness, could remain binding after my eyes were opened to the true light; and, on Ibn- ^3 ANA6TA6IUS. Aly assuring me very solemnly that the Wahhabee was only held to perform what the Wahhabee had promised, I yielded at last to so powerful an argu- ment. The sanction of the grand Schaich however was deemed necessary, before a marriage so greatly out of the common rule could be concluded : it was asked, and, after some little hesitation, obtained. Among sisters all equally straight, of whose faces I had scarce had a glimpse during their brother's danger at Derayeh, and whose voices I had sel- dom heard since, I harboured no preference, and therefore submitted implicitly to the choice of my friends : it fell upon the eldest, who still remained unmarried ; — a maiden no longer reckoned quite in her prime, as she had attained the mature age of fifteen. The reason of her continuing so unusual a time a barren plant in so prolific a soil, was not hovvever the want either of inclination to take a husband, or of charms to attract one. It arose from the untimely death of two young men, both of dis- tinguished rank, to whom she had been successively betrothed. The one fell in battle, the other was cut off by a fever ; and perhaps the idea of some fatality attached to her name, had since kept off other suitors. 1 felt no superstition on that score, and was as well pleased with the fair one chosen for me as I would have been with any other female of the family. No sooner had the union obtained Abd- ool-Azecz*s consent, than, for fear I suppose lest the ANASTASIUS. 203 new suitor should again slip through the noose, the wedding day was fixed at a very early period. All my remaining cash was employed in fitting out my future spouse with necklaces and bracelets, ear, nose, wrist, finger, ancle and toe rings, — which, though a Wahhabee, I found that, as a woman, my bride could endure. The presents which in my turn I received from her parents and friends, were of a more useful description: a fine horse completely equipped with mace, lance, and carbine ; a commo- dious goat skin tent, with its apartment to the right and left ; a Persian carpet ; a handsome sofa case, and a variety of household articles. My friend Omar, anxious to see me in every respect on a par with the proudest of his house, supplied what- ever others might omit. I except pipes and chap- lets : Wahhabees neither smoke nor count their beads. The very last items of the menage of which I was permitted to make an inventory, were, as usual, the charms of my bride. When, however, after run- ning with every demonstration of terror and dismay from house to house — as is deemed absolutely in- dispensable on those occasions among decorous females — she at last suffered herself to be caught by her more nimble companions, and was brought by force to her expectant bridegroom, I could not help thinking that others, more worth pur- suing, had come more readily ; and found nothing to drive from my mind the deep sunk image of my ^4 ANASTASIUS. Euplirosyn^'. The circumstance pr(xlucetl a relief to my feelings rather than a disappointment to my taste. Had Aische been so superlatively handsome as to fan into a fresh blaze the embers of my lieart, I should have felt as if committing an infidelity to the memory of her, whom I could now only honour by unavailing regrets. Not that the sister of Omar must positively be called plain. The sun indeed might have found little to spoil in her complexion, had it been allowed freely to shine upon her person : but with teeth as white as ivory and eyes and hair as black as jet, she had a countenance which, like Omar's, beamed with sweetness, and the Arabs all declared that her limbs resembled the branches of the date tree waving in the wind ; which only meant, that she moved very gracefully. Her features, be- sides, were regular, and the least touch of those cosmetics, so plentifully used by our artful Chiotes, would have enabled her in a civilised country to pass for a positive beauty, or at least for a very captivating brunette, — had she not most perversely destroyed her chance for ever, by having every pro- minent part of her face, neck, and arms, indelibly sprigged over in marks of gunpowder, after the most approved pattern. Her mind, like her person, resembled that of her brother. With every amiable quality, it retained all that diffidence of its own worth, which those want the oftencst, who ought to feel it the most. In its overflowinnjs of love and of confidence, 1 learnt ANASTASIUS. S05 what even Omar had carefully kept from my know- ledge ; namely that, while employed at Derayeh in curing: the wound of the brother, I had uncon- sciously transfixed with Cupid's darts the heart of the sister. Ker secret passion had, perhaps, con- tributed as much as the professed friendship of Omar, to determine the parents in favour of the union. The solicitude of these worthy people in behalf of their children remained not unrewarded : — the son and the daughter, each obtaining the long sought object of their wishes, each seemed to ac- quire new health and new spirits. But if the bud, which had pined for want of the refreshing dews from heaven, now revived, it re- vived only to become the sport of storms and whirl- winds : for, where ardent love is sought and given^ calm esteem soon is construed into absolute aver- sion,— and that crime tarried not to be laid to my charge. At first indeed A'lsche sought the cause only in herself " Alas !" cried she, " how should a poor Bedoween girl be able to fix those affections, on which have been lavished all the fascinations of the women of the cities ! Nature has not given me their charms, nor education their art. I have only my poor simple love with which to retain love ; and they say that the more of its ardours are bestowed, the fewer are obtained in re- turn ;■" — but by degrees my restless spouse began to render my own imaginary fickleness responsible for 206 ANASTASIU6. her disappointments. In a country, where the heart resembles a volcano whose eruptions never cease, the fire in my bosom could not be supposed so en- tirely to slumber, and superior attractions abroad were regarded as the cause of my indifference at home. |
github_open_source_100_8_20034 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | import 'dart:async';
import "dart:convert";
import "dart:ffi";
import 'dart:isolate';
import "package:ffi/ffi.dart";
import 'package:flutter/services.dart';
import 'package:td/src/tdclient/ffi/bindigs_impls/base.dart';
import 'package:td/src/tdclient/ffi/bindings.dart';
import 'package:td/td_api.dart';
// TODO: Make this changable outside of Isolate
// Or just keep it as it is so we allow to choose bindings only by library itself?
// We can also pass to the Isolate names of ffi methods instead of typedefs
// So we won't face any errors, but I don't like that way much
TdJSONBindings jsonBindings = TdJSONBindings();
BindingsImpl bindingsImpl = jsonBindings.bindings;
Future<void> _receiveUpdates(Pointer client, SendPort port) async {
final event = await Future(() => bindingsImpl.clientReceive(client, 1.0));
if (event.address != 0) {
final resString = Utf8.fromUtf8(event);
port.send(resString);
}
Future(() => _receiveUpdates(client, port));
}
void _clientIsolate(SendPort port) async {
var isolateReceivePort = ReceivePort();
Pointer client = bindingsImpl.clientCreate();
port.send({'port': isolateReceivePort.sendPort});
isolateReceivePort.listen((message) async {
if (message is Map) {
SendPort tmpSendPort;
if (message.containsKey('port'))
tmpSendPort = message['port'] as SendPort;
switch (message['_requestType'] as String) {
case 'execute':
var tdlibRequest = message;
tdlibRequest.remove('_requestType');
tdlibRequest.remove('port');
final result = bindingsImpl.clientExecute(
client, Utf8.toUtf8(json.encode(tdlibRequest)));
tmpSendPort.send(json.decode(Utf8.fromUtf8(result)));
break;
case 'send':
var tdlibRequest = message;
tdlibRequest.remove('_requestType');
bindingsImpl.clientSend(
client, Utf8.toUtf8(json.encode(tdlibRequest)));
break;
case 'destroy':
bindingsImpl.clientDestroy(client);
tmpSendPort.send(true);
}
}
});
_receiveUpdates(client, port);
}
class TdlibFFIWrapper {
Isolate _isolate;
SendPort _sendPort;
ReceivePort _receivePort;
StreamController<TdObject> updates = StreamController<TdObject>();
Future<void> initClient() async {
if (bindingsImpl == null)
throw PlatformException(
code: "TDLib", message: "Platform is unsupported");
_receivePort = ReceivePort();
Completer _completer = new Completer();
_isolate = await Isolate.spawn(_clientIsolate, _receivePort.sendPort);
_receivePort.listen((message) {
if (message is Map && message.containsKey('port')) {
_sendPort = message['port'];
_completer.complete();
} else
updates.add(convertToObject(message));
});
return _completer.future;
}
Future<TdObject> execute(TdFunction request) async {
var tmpReceivePort = ReceivePort();
var jsonRequest = request.toJson();
jsonRequest['port'] = tmpReceivePort.sendPort;
jsonRequest['_requestType'] = 'execute';
_sendPort.send(jsonRequest);
return convertToObject(await tmpReceivePort.first);
}
Future<void> send(TdFunction request) async {
var jsonRequest = request.toJson();
jsonRequest['_requestType'] = 'send';
_sendPort.send(jsonRequest);
}
Future<void> dispose() async {
var tmpReceivePort = ReceivePort();
_sendPort.send({'_requestType': 'destroy', 'port': tmpReceivePort});
if ((await tmpReceivePort.first) == true) {
_isolate.kill();
_isolate = null;
}
}
}
|
github_open_source_100_8_20035 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | package edu.stanford.protege.webprotege.issues;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import edu.stanford.protege.webprotege.MockingUtils;
import edu.stanford.protege.webprotege.common.ProjectId;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* Matthew Horridge
* Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research
* 2021-04-06
*/
public class EntityDiscussionThread_Serialization_TestCase {
@Test
public void shouldSerialize() throws IOException {
var thread = new EntityDiscussionThread(ThreadId.create(),
ProjectId.generate(), MockingUtils.mockOWLClass(),
Status.CLOSED, ImmutableList.of());
}
}
|
70722826_1 | Wikipedia | CC-By-SA | James Scott Duckers (1883 – 2 May 1941) also J. Scott Duckers, was an English lawyer, and prominent pacifist organiser and conscientious objector of World War I. He is now best known for his wartime memoir Handed Over.
Early life
Duckers was brought up in Wetheral, Cumberland; his sister Margaret Ellison Duckers was a nurse who died at Salonika in 1917. He was the son of James S. Duckers of Wetheral, and was born in Bristol; he was educated at Carlisle Grammar School. He was articled to Wannup & Westmorland, solicitors in Carlisle, where he was clerk to Edmund Westmorland.
Duckers qualified as a solicitor in 1905. In 1907 he was in the legal department of the Birmingham Small Arms Company. In 1910 he worked as a secretary to Herbert Samuel. He was known as a Wesleyan Methodist; and he gave pro bono legal advice, as a volunteer with the mission and social work of the Baptist ministers F. B. Meyer and Thomas Phillips (1868–1936).
London addresses for Duckers in 1911 were 27 Chancery Lane and 12 Rosslyn Hill. In February 1913, he was selected as the Radical candidate for Brentford, for the Westminster elections. In the 1913 London County Council election in March he was a candidate for the Progressive Party, in Paddington North. He was a supporter of Home Rule for Ireland, and member of the Eighty Club, and was invited in the same month to stand as the Liberal Party candidate for Brentford. In the end nothing came of this.
World War I
Duckers in his wartime memoirs recalled that in late July and early August 1914 the National Liberal Club, where he resided, became "a sort of whirlpool of jingoism".
Stop the War Committee
Duckers founded in 1914/5 the Stop the War Committee (SWC) with C. H. (Clarence Henry) Norman. It opened a "Peace Committee" office at 27 Chancery Lane in early April 1915. Posters saying "Peace Committee" were displayed in a window.
Norman (born c.1890) was a dissident member of the No-Conscription Fellowship (NCF); he was an Independent Labour Party (ILP) member and Marxist revolutionary, and later fell out with Bertrand Russell. At this point Duckers himself belonged to the ILP, and the Union of Democratic Control, as well as being a leading figure in the NCF, and was the target of police attention.
A question was asked about the SWC's pamphleteering in parliament by Ronald McNeill, on 30 June 1915, mentioning also Ethel Bellis. In fact it has been considered that the SWC had only a minimal impact. It was a small fish among the pacifist organisations, overlapping the larger NCF in membership, with a mission statement to "demand that Britain's part in the war shall be brought to an immediate, honourable and righteous end."
In December 1915 Duckers represented Norman and the SWC in a case arising from a police raid on an ILP office in Salford. Holford Knight represented the ILP, and Harold Morris representing Clifford Allen. The Labour Leader published on 2 March 2016 his article "A Courageous Woman: A Sentence of Six Months" on the imprisonment of Nellie Best, secretary of the Women's Anti-Conscription League.
Absolutist conscientious objector
The Military Service Act 1916 introduced conscription in Great Britain at the beginning of that year. Duckers was sent a notice under the Act, which he ignored, and he was brought to Marlborough Street Magistrates Court on 11 April 1916 by a police constable, where he was charged with failing to report himself under the Act. He said "I do not admit I am under the Act," and refused to answer questions. Fined for the offence, he was deemed to be in the Army, and was sent to the Winchester barracks of the Rifle Brigade. He refused to wear military uniform.
The NCF eventually adopted the "absolutist" position as the correct response to conscription. Rather than accepting "alternative service", provided it did not support the war effort, absolutists resisted such direction. Such an attitude typically meant an extended prison sentence.
Duckers was then imprisoned by court martial. He was sentenced to 98 days in detention. The sentence was served in Wandsworth Detention Barracks, a section of Wandsworth Prison. He was released on 12 August, and taken by escort to Sheerness. He went on to the Rifle Brigade camp at Minster, where he refused to obey orders. While Duckers was in detention, C. H. Norman was also in Wandsworth Detention Barracks, and his treatment was raised in a parliamentary question by J. Howard Whitehouse.
On 21 August 1916, Thomas Richardson asked of the War Office minister Henry Forster in parliament," whether Mr. Scott Duckers, who has served his term of imprisonment [...] has since been sent back to the Army, and is now stationed at Sheerness; and whether it is the intention of the Government to keep up this system of persecution by forcing men to go through the same process time after time?" Forster did not accept the term "persecution", applied to an "insubordinate soldier"; and explained that on 8 August Duckers had appeared before the Central Tribunal, and would have nothing to do with it. He would be dealt with under the Army Act.
Sentenced again, Duckers received one year with hard labour, which was then commuted to 112 days. A third sentence was two years' hard labour, in Maidstone Prison. He was one of a group of noted "absolutist", non-cooperating conscientious objectors there, with Clifford Allen, Fenner Brockway and Herbert Runham Brown. Whitehouse asked a parliamentary question about his health on 1 July 1918. William Hewins answered that "the medical officer reports that the prisoner is in good health, bodily and mental."
In September 1918 the government used Wakefield Prison to bring together long-serving absolutist objectors. Duckers was on the committee of objectors there who produced a manifesto justifying their resistance.
In January 1919 the governor of Maidstone Prison told the Home Office that Duckers was close to a physical breakdown. He was released later that year.
Post-war
Scott Duckers & Thompson
Duckers went into partnership with Harry Thompson, another conscientious objector who had been imprisoned at Wakefield. The partnership began on 1 September 1919; its formation of the partnership was announced later in the month, with Thompson described as previously at Stoke-on-Trent. The bulk of its work was conveyancing.
Scott Duckers & Thompson defended James Winstone in a September 1919 libel action brought by Sir Eric Geddes. In 1920 Duckers was retained to defend John Frederick Hedley of the Socialist Labour Party, charged under the Defence of the Realm Act 1914.
Also that year, he was solicitor to the National Labour Press.
The firm defended a libel action in April 1921, brought in the wake of the Black Friday crisis by J. H. Thomas against the printers of The Communist, the National Labour Press, and its editor, Francis Meynell. Duckers in May 1921 appeared on behalf of Albert Rose, manager of the National Labour Press, in a case concerning literature related to the 3rd World Congress of the Comintern, printed for Albert Inkpin of the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB).
Duckers and Thompson differed on party politics, however and went their own ways, a notice appearing that the partnership was dissolved from 31 August 1921. He gave his views on trade unions at a Law Society conference in 1920. Thompson was then a Guild Socialist.
The dissolution of the partnership in 1921 left Duckers with the office at 2 New Court, Carey Street, off Chancery Lane; and the debts. Thompson settled the financial account in 1924.
"Fetters and Roses" Dinner
A dinner was held in the House of Commons on 9 January 1924 for those who had been imprisoned "for political or religious reasons"; it was chaired by Duckers. According to Gleanings and Memoranda, published by the National Unionist Association, the dinner was given by Duckers, for the Members of Parliament elected at the 1923 United Kingdom general election who had been so imprisoned. The guests were more broadly based.
Political candidate
Duckers made a speech in London on 14 January 1924, on the foreign policy of the first MacDonald ministry. He became a Liberal Party candidate, standing in the March 1924 Westminster Abbey by-election, chosen on 26 February conditional on Winston Churchill's candidacy. After running a skeleton campaign, he came bottom of the poll, with only 1.9% of the vote, one of the lowest on record for a major party, and behind Fenner Brockway in third, with Churchill placed second. David Lloyd George had refused to speak for him. Lloyd George said afterwards that Duckers was "just the type of candidate who tars Liberalism with the Little England brush." Duckers accused him of campaigning for "jingo Imperialism".
Writing in the April 1924 issue of Reconciliation, the organ of the Fellowship of Reconciliation, Duckers asked if Christianity and politics were compatible.
Works
A Guide to Students' Law Books and to Both Branches of the Legal Profession (1906)
Newspaper Gambling Schemes (1907), pamphlet for the National Anti-Gambling League.
The Licensing Bill 1908 (1908), text with notes by Duckers.
"Workmen's Compensation from the Workman’s Point of View", article 17 July 1909 in Justice, the newspaper of the Social Democratic Federation
Handed Over (1917), a memoir of his experiences as a conscientious objector, published by C. W. Daniel, with a foreword by Edmund Harvey.
External links
Handed-over; the Prison Experiences of Mr. J. Scott Duckers ... Under the Military Service Act (1917)
Notes
1883 births
1941 deaths
English solicitors
Conscientious objectors
Wesleyan Methodists
People from Wetheral
Liberal Party (UK) parliamentary candidates.
|
US-62378575-A_1 | USPTO | Public Domain | Insoluble adsorber resin suitable for treating drinking water and sewage
ABSTRACT
The invention relates to a process for removing oleophilic odor- and tasteproducing substances from water by treating the water with an insoluble, macroporous adsorber resin comprising a matrix based on a crosslinked organic polymer containing aromatic nuclei, the polymer containing chloromethyl groups as substituents; some of the chlorine atoms in the chlormethyl groups can be reacted with ammonia or amines; furthermore, the invention relates to the adsorber resins to be used in the claimed process.
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 480,563 filed June 18, 1974 and now abandoned.
This invention relates to an improved process for removing odour- and taste-producing substances from water, and to a new macroporous adsorber resin.
Hygienically satisfactory drinking water is becoming increasingly difficult to supply on account of worsening pollution, especially of rivers. Because reserves of drinking water are limited, increasing demand is making it necessary to use basically undrinkable bank filtrates and surface waters. The methods previously used to convert waters of this kind, which are heavily polluted by organic and inorganic substances, into a physiologically acceptable drinking water are unsatisfactory. Processes for removing taste- and odour-producing substances from water (so-called drinking-water conditioning processes) have already been proposed. For example, active carbon can be used for the treatment of drinking water. One serious disadvantage of processes of this kind is that, after only a short time, the active carbon is no longer able to adsorb the oleophilic odour- and taste-producing substances which are present in the water and which can be extracted with chloroform, with the result that the quality of the water thus treated is unsatisfactory (cf. P. Koppe GesundheitsIngenieur 88, 312-317 (1967).
Another prior proposal is the treatment of water with macroporous resins in order to remove certain organic substances (U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,727,379 and 3,531,463). Unfortunately, tests have shown that these processes are also unsatisfactory when they are used for removing oleophilic odour- and taste-producing substances from water.
A process for removing oleophilic odour- and taste-producing substances from water by treatment with an insoluble macroporous adsorber resin has now been found, having the characteristic feature that the insoluble, macroporous adsorber resin comprises a matrix based on a crosslinked organic polymer containing aromatic nuclei, the polymer containing chloromethyl groups as substituents; some of the chlorine atoms in the chlormethyl groups can be reacted with ammonia or amines.
The polymers used as matrix in the process according to the invention are known per se. For example, copolymers containing monomeric units of an aromatic monovinyl compound and of at least one aromatic polyvinyl compound have proved to be particularly advantageous.
The following are mentioned as examples of monovinyl compounds: styrene, substituted styrenes such as p-methylstyrene, dimethylstyrene, ethylstyrene, vinylanisole, α-methylstyrene and vinylnaphthalene.
Examples of polyvinyl compounds include divinylbenzene, divinyltoluenes, divinylnaphthalenes, diisopropenylbenzene, diallylphthalate, ethylene glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, divinylxylene, divinylethylbenzene, divinylsulphone, polyvinyl or polyallyl ethers of glycol, glycerol or pentaerythritol, divinyl ketone, divinylsulphide, allyl acrylate, diallylmaleate, diallylfumarate, diallylsuccinate, diallylcarbonate, diallylmalonate, diallyloxalate, diallyladipate, diallylsebacate, divinylsebacate, diallyltartrate, diallylsilicate, triallylaconitate, triallylcitrate, triallylphosphate, N,N'-methylene diacrylamide, N,N'-methylene dimethacrylamide, N,N'-ethylene diacrylamide, trivinylbenzene, trivinylnaphthalene, polyvinylanthracenes, trivinylcylohexane and 1,3,5-triacryloylhexahydro-s-triazine.
Preferred monovinyl compounds are styrene, vinyltoluene or vinylnaphthalene, whilst preferred polyvinyl compounds are divinylbenzene, trivinylbenzene, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate or 1,3,5-triacryloylhexahydro-s-triazine.
It has proved to be advantageous in some cases to polymerise into the copolymers used as matrix other vinyl compounds such as, for example, ethylene, propylene, isobutylene, vinyl chloride, vinylacetate, vinylidene chloride, acrylic compounds or methacrylic compounds, especially acrylonitrile. In addition, polyethylenically unsaturated compounds such as, for example, isoprene, butadiene, chloroprene, piperylene, pentadiene, hexadiene, octadiene, decadiene, hexatriene, cyclopentadiene, and their substitution products, for example chloroprene, 2,3-dimethylbutadiene, 2,5-dimethylhexadiene or 2,5-dimethyloctadiene, can also be polymerised into the copolymers.
Macroporous adsorber resins based on copolymers of styrene and divinylbenzene, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate or 1,3,5-triacryloyl-hexa-s-triazine are preferably used.
The aromatic vinyl polymers used for the process according to the invention generally contain from 1 to 50%, preferably from 3 to 30%, of polyvinyl compounds. The macroporous structure of the adsorber resins to be used in the process according to the invention can be achieved by polymerisation in the presence of high molecular weight substances, of swelling agents or of precipitants, or by a combination of these methods (cf. Ad. Polymer, Sci. Vol. 5 (1067), pages 113-213).
The porosity of the vinyl aromatic polymerisation resins used in the process according to the invention is generally in the range of from 20 to 80% by volume, preferably in the range of from 30 to 60% by volume, and their active surface is generally in the range of from 10 to 1000 m² /g, preferably in the range of from 20 to 200 m² /g.
The chlormethyl groups present as substituents in the macroporous adsorber resins can be introduced by conventional methods, for example by chlormethylation with chloromethylmethyl ether in accordance with US-PS 2,591,573, or with methylal/sulphuryl chloride or methylal/chlorsulphonic acid in accordance with U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,297,648 or 3,417,066, or by side-chain chlorination of the corresponding polyalkylstyrenes.
The adsorber resins used for the process according to the invention generally contain from 0.05 to 1.2 chlormethyl groups, preferably from 0.1 to 1.0 chlormethyl groups, per aromatic nucleus. Particularly good results are obtained when the adsorber resin contains from 5 to 25% by weight, preferably from 10 to 20% by weight, chlorine referred to the weight of the adsorber resin whereby the chlorine content is a measure of the number of chloromethyl groups present in the resin.
In one preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention, the adsorber resins used are partially aminated by partial reaction of the chlorine atoms with ammonia or amines.
The adsorber resins used in this preferred embodiment can be obtained from the aforementioned chlormethyl-group-containing products by reaction with a deficit, referred to the quantity of chlormethyl groups, of the amines. The deficit is stoichiometrically measured in such a way that at least 10%, preferably at least 90%, of the chlormethyl groups remain intact as such.
Preferred amines for aminating the adsorber resins containing chlormethyl groups are primary or secondary amines or mixtures thereof, and also polyamines having primary or secondary amino groups such as, for example, polyalkylene polyamines. Organic radicals of the primary or secondary amines may be unsubstituted or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, for example aliphatic, aromatic, cycloaliphaticor araliphatic hydrocarbon radicals. The following amines are mentioned by way of example: methylamine, dimethylamine, n-butylamine, isobutylamine, dibutylamine, aniline, benzidine, o-, m- and p-tolidine, xylidines, α- and β-naphthylamine, naphthalene diamines, benzylamine, dibenzylamine, phenylene diamine, benzylaniline, benzylethylamine, methylaniline, cyclohexylamine, dicyclohexylamine, diethylene triamine, triethylene tetramine, tetraethylene pentamine, 3,3'-imino-bis-propylamine, propylene diamine and oxalkylamines, such as ethanolamine, methylethanolamine and diethanolamine. The aforementioned compounds can be used either individually or in admixture.
Primary or secondary aliphatic amines having C₁ -C₈ -alkyl radicals are particularly preferred.
In addition, the adsorber resins used for the process according to the invention can contain other substituents such as sulpho groups, carboxyl groups, nitrile groups and/or ester groups.
The invention also provides new, insoluble adsorber resins, consisting of a matrix based on a crosslinked organic polymer containing aromatic nuclei, which contain as substituents from 0.05 to 1.2, preferably from 0.1 to 1.0, chlormethyl groups per aromatic nucleus, and in which the chlorine in the chlormethyl groups is partially aminated by reaction with ammonia or amines, the ratio of the resulting aminomethyl groups to the chlormethyl groups being in the range of from 1:99 to 90:10, preferably in the range of from 5:95 to 80:20 especially from 5:95 to 60:40.
In the practical application of the process according to the invention, the macroporous adsorber resins used for the process according to the invention are initially eluted with ethanol, to neutralise odour and taste, until the alcohol running off as eluate no longer hazes when diluted with water.
The macroporous adsorber resins can be used in the process according to the invention, for example, in the form of powders or, preferably, in the form of a bead polymer, for example in a filter bed or according to the settling filtration principle, as known per se. For example, the adsorber resin can be introduced into a column, as in the technique used for filtration with active carbon, and the water to be purified can then be passed through, the residence time of the water in the column being varied according to the degree of pollution.
The exhausted adsorber resins are best regenerated with solvents the solubility parameter of which differs by at least 1, but preferably by more than 2, from that of the adsorber resin.
The process according to the invention is used for removing the drinking water oleophilic constituents which adversely affect both the smell and taste of water. In addition, in the treatment of sewage, the content of organic compounds, especially oleophilic constituents, can be very considerably reduced by the process according to the invention.
The adsorber resins used in accordance with the invention are distinguished by their considerably improved adsorption capacity for oleophilic odour- and taste-producing substances, this capacity being several times greater than that of conventional adsorbents.
The following Examples illustrate the invention.
EXAMPLES 1 TO 5
The water treated in Examples 1 to 5 was Leverkusen tap water, which consists largely of Rhine bank filtrate. This water was pretreated by breakpoint-chlorination followed by filtration over active carbon. It has a musty, unappetising odour which made it substantially undrinkable (cf. Koppe, Gesundheitsingenieur 88, 1967, page 312, 313).
The macroporous adsorber resins used for Examples 1 to 5 were macroporous polystyrene resins crosslinked with divinylbenzene, their degree of crosslinking (divinylbenzene content) and their porosity, produced by polymerisation in the presence of isododecane, being quoted in columns 2 and 3 of Table 1. Column 4 of Table 1 shows the active surface of the resins used, as determined by the BET-method, for the individual Examples.
The adsorber resins used in Examples 1 to 5 were chlormethylated by reaction with methylal/sulphuryl chloride in accordance with U.S. Pat. No. 3,297,648, and they were subsequently aminated by reaction with aqueous ammonia.
Columns 5 and 6 of Table 1 show the chlormethyl group content of the adsorber resins by quoting the percentage chlorine content and the degree of amination of the chlormethyl groups which is characterised by the percentage nitrogen content of the adsorber resins.
Examples 1 to 5 which illustrate the process according to the invention, are followed by comparison by Examples 1a to 5a, in which the corresponding unsubstituted macroporous resins are tested. Since it was found by preliminary tests with drinking water and sewage that the adsorbents described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,727,379 produced even poorer results than the adsorbents of U.S. Pat. No. 3,531,463, comparison tests were only carried out with the adsorbents of U.S. Pat. No. 3,531,463. In addition in Example 6 a comparison test is carried out using active carbon for removing odour- and taste-producing substances.
Odour and flavour testing of the water, and its content of oleophilic substances which can be extracted with chloroform, were used as criteria for the effectiveness of the filter materials.
Column 7 in Table 1 shows the load capacity of the adsorber resins, which is defined as that quantity (in liters) of water which can be passed through 1 liter of the absorber resin before evidence of odour can be organoleptically detected.
In order to determine the quantity of oleophilic substances which can be extracted with chloroform, 25 liters of the water treated by the process according to the invention were extracted with chloroform by countercurrent in a pulsating column. The residue of the extract freed from chloroform was gravimetrically determined and the difference in relation to the residue obtained from untreated water was tabulated as a percentage reduction Δ (column 8).
In all the adsorption tests, the filtration rate was 50 liters of water per liter of adsorber resin per hour.
Table 1 __________________________________________________________________________ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 __________________________________________________________________________ Cl- Cross- Porosity content N-content Load linking % by Surface % by % by capacity Example % volume m.sup.2 /g weight weight (liters) Δ __________________________________________________________________________ 1 3 55 70 17 0.9 >300,000 45 2 5 50 68 17 1.2 >300,000 60 3 6 45 76 18 0.6 >300,000 65 4 7 45 102 17 0.6 >300,000 95 5 4 52 65 17 0.9 >300,000 50 1a 3 55 75 0 0 48,000 9 2a 5 50 70 0 0 6,000 35 3a 6 45 81 0 0 140,000 17 4a 7 45 120 0 0 144,000 35 5a 4 52 75 0 0 49,000 15 6 active carbon (grain size 0.1 - 1mm) 36,000 >5 __________________________________________________________________________
EXAMPLE 7
The brown-coloured water of a biological treatment plant, about 80% of which consisted of domestic sewage and about 20% of effluent from a chemical factory, was treated by the process according to the invention. The macroporous adsorber resin used was chlormethylated polystyrene which had been crosslinked with 6% of divinylbenzene, had a porosity of 60% by volume and an active surface of 168 m² /g. The adsorber resin has a chlorine content of 8% by weight, and the N-content produced by amination with diethylamine was 1.6% by weight.
The sewage was filtered through the adsorption resin with a specific load of 50 liters per liter of resin per hour.
Before filtration the sewage to be treated contained 140 mg/l of dissolved organic carbon. After treatment, the dissolved organic carbon content was 22 mg/l, and the filtrate running off was colourless.
What we claim is:
1. An insoluble adsorber resin comprising a matrix based on a crosslinked organic polymer containing aromatic nuclei, in which the polymer is substituted by 0.05 to 1.2 chlormethyl groups per aromatic nucleus and the chlorine in the chlormethyl group is partially reacted with ammonia or an amine to form aminomethyl groups, the ratio of the resulting aminomethyl groups to the chlormethyl groups being in the range of from 5:95 to 80:20.
2. The resin as claimed in claim 1, in which the polymer is a copolymer of an aromatic monovinyl compound and at least one aromatic polyvinyl compound.
3. The resin as claimed in claim 1, having a porosity of from 20 to 80% by volume.
4. The resin as claimed in claim 1, having an active surface of from 10 to 1000 m² /g.
5. The resin as claimed in claim 1, in which the ratio of the resulting aminomethyl groups to the chloromethyl groups is in the range of from 5:95 to 60:40..
|
2013/92013E002148/92013E002148_EN.txt_15 | Eurlex | CC-By | Tendo em conta os laços culturais dos Açores e da Madeira com Cabo Verde, as ligações aéreas diretas entre todas estas ilhas poderiam dar um novo impulso às suas relações económicas. Contudo, cabe às autoridades nacionais e regionais decidir se pretendem dar prioridade a tais relações e, se assim for, se querem adotar as medidas necessárias para incentivar a abertura destas rotas aéreas diretas no âmbito dos instrumentos jurídicos da UE. Em especial, no que diz respeito aos auxílios estatais, as orientações da Comissão para os auxílios ao arranque das companhias aéreas que operam a partir de aeroportos regionais (323) preveem disposições específicas para as RUP em matéria de ligações aéreas aos Estados vizinhos que não são membros da UE (324). Além disso, a Comissão estará disposta a apreciar um pedido de Portugal para concluir acordos bilaterais com Cabo Verde e para exigir, em termos de serviços de transporte de passageiros, requisitos semelhantes aos previstos nos contratos de obrigação de serviço público pela legislação da UE, mas só quando, em si mesmas, as condições de mercado não sejam suficientes para atrair os operadores económicos, sem qualquer discriminação entre estes, e no respeito dos acordos bilaterais e multilaterais vigentes e das regras em matéria de auxílios estatais pertinentes.
Os Açores e a Madeira, poderiam incluir essa prioridade no desenvolvimento dos planos de ação individuais referidos na Comunicação de junho de 2012.
(English version)
Question for written answer E-002104/13
to the Commission (Vice-President/High Representative)
Diogo Feio (PPE)
(26 February 2013)
Subject: VP/HR — Direct air links between the Azores, Cape Verde and Madeira
Municipal leaders from the Azores and Cape Verde have recently advocated the creation of direct air links between the two archipelagos, with the aim of boosting economic relations within the Confederation of Outermost Municipalities.
In statements to a Portuguese news agency, the chairmen of the Association of Municipalities of the Autonomous Region of the Azores and of the National Association of Municipalities of Cape Verde said that direct links could be beneficial for the two archipelagos, and Madeira, in terms of trade and tourism.
1.
Does the Vice-President/High Representative believe that establishing direct air links between the Azores, Cape Verde and Madeira could give a boost to their economic relations?
2.
Would she be prepared to support the establishment of such links?
How?
Answer given by Mr Hahn on behalf of the Commission
(30 April 2013)
In its communication of June 2012 (325), the Commission reiterated the importance of the regional integration of the outermost regions (ORs) within their own regional neighbourhoods. To this end, the Commission referred to new or more efficient air and maritime routes between the ORs and their neighbours and pointed to different legal instruments available at EU level.
Given the cultural links between the Azores and Madeira with Cape Verde, direct air routes between these areas could give a boost to their economic relations. However, it is for the national and regional authorities to decide whether they want to prioritise such relations and, if so, to adopt the necessary measures to encourage the establishment of these direct air routes within the framework of the available EU legal instruments. In particular, with regard to state aid, the Commission Guidelines on start-up aid for airlines departing from regional airports (326) provide for specific arrangements for the ORs concerning air routes to neighbouring non-EU Member States (327). Moreover, the Commission would be ready to assess a request from Portugal to conclude bilateral agreements with Cape Verde, establishing service requirements on passenger transport similar to public service obligations contracts under EC law, only when market conditions alone are not enough to attract economic operators, without any discrimination among the latter and in respect of the existing bilateral and multilateral agreements and relevant state aid rules.
The Azores and Madeira could include such a priority in the development of the individual action plans referred to in the communication of June 2012.
(Versão portuguesa)
Pergunta com pedido de resposta escrita E-002105/13
à Comissão
Diogo Feio (PPE)
(26 de fevereiro de 2013)
Assunto: Acordo agrícola — Angola, Brasil, Índia e África do Sul
Segundo a comunicação social, o governo brasileiro celebrou um acordo de cooperação agrícola com Angola, Índia e África do Sul, no passado dia 19 de fevereiro de 2013, no âmbito da pesquisa e formação técnicas, comércio, redução da pobreza e desenvolvimento de zonas rurais.
1.
Tem a
Comissão conhecimento da celebração deste acordo?
2.
Qual a sua natureza?
3.
Como o avalia a
Comissão?
4.
Estará a
Comissão disponível para participar desta parceria ou prestar-lhe ajuda técnica se para isso for convidada?
Resposta dada por Dacian Cioloș em nome da Comissão
(30 de abril de 2013)
A Comissão tem conhecimento do acordo a que o Senhor Deputado faz referência. O Memorando de Entendimento entre o Brasil, a Índia e a África do Sul, de 13 de setembro de 2006, incide na transferência de tecnologia, na investigação, no comércio de produtos agrícolas, incluindo questões sanitárias e fitossanitárias, e no desenvolvimento rural. A segurança alimentar foi debatida na Cimeira dos BRICS, realizada em Durban, em finais de março.
Com base no Memorando de Entendimento, os países IBAS assinaram um acordo de cooperação técnica com Angola, que foi aprovado pelo Governo brasileiro em fevereiro de 2013. É a este acordo que o Senhor Deputado faz referência. O Memorando de Entendimento e o acordo com Angola constituem exemplos da cooperação Sul-Sul, de que o Brasil é um grande promotor.
Além disso, o Plano de Ação Conjunto UE-Brasil prevê especificamente a possibilidade de desenvolver iniciativas de cooperação triangular com os países em desenvolvimento interessados. A Comissão é favorável à cooperação triangular, no âmbito da qual a combinação de competências pode criar sinergias para fazer face aos problemas de segurança alimentar. Na sua Comunicação de setembro de 2012 (328), a Comissão propôs uma abordagem estratégica para reforçar a cooperação internacional no domínio da investigação e da inovação. O próximo Programa-Quadro de Investigação e Inovação (Horizonte 2020) deverá permitir tais parcerias. A cooperação em matéria de investigação agrícola com os principais atores mundiais é uma das iniciativas previstas.
O Acordo de Cooperação (329) assinado em janeiro de 2013 entre o Centro Comum de Investigação e o Ministério da Ciência brasileiro menciona a investigação no domínio agrícola como um tema de interesse mútuo. Este acordo, juntamente com o acordo bilateral (330), renovado em 2012, constitui o quadro para a cooperação com o Brasil. A Comissão está a identificar temas de investigação de interesse comum, incluindo com múltiplos terceiros, em especial países africanos.
(English version)
Question for written answer E-002105/13
to the Commission
Diogo Feio (PPE)
(26 February 2013)
Subject: Agricultural agreement between Angola, Brazil, India and South Africa
It has been reported in the media that on 19 February 2013 the Brazilian Government signed an agricultural cooperation agreement with Angola, India and South Africa, covering the spheres of technical research and training, trade, poverty reduction and rural development.
1.
Is the Commission aware of this agreement?
2.
What is the nature of the agreement?
3.
What is the Commission’s view of it?
4.
Is the Commission prepared to participate in this partnership or provide technical assistance to it, should it be asked to do so?
Answer given by Mr Cioloş on behalf of the Commission
(30 April 2013)
The Commission is aware of this agreement. The Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between Brazil, India and South Africa of 13.9.2006 focuses on technology transfer, research, agricultural trade including SPS issues, and rural development. Food Security was discussed at the BRICS Summit in Durban end of March.
Based on the MoU, the IBSA countries signed a technical cooperation agreement with Angola that was approved by the Brazilian Government in February 2013. It is this agreement that the Honourable Member of Parliament refers to. The MoU and the agreement with Angola are examples of south-south cooperation of which Brazil is a keen promoter.
In addition, the EU-Brazil Joint Action Plan specifically foresees the possibility to develop triangular cooperation initiatives with interested developing countries. The Commission is favourable to triangular cooperation, where combined expertise can create synergies for addressing food security. In its communication of September 2012, the Commission proposes a strategic approach to enhance international cooperation in research and innovation. Horizon 2020, the next Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, should allow such partnerships. Agricultural research cooperation with key world players is one of the initiatives foreseen.
The Cooperation Arrangement signed in January 2013 between the Joint Research Centre and the Brazilian Ministry of Science, lists research in agriculture as a topic of mutual interest. This, along with the Bilateral Agreement, renewed in 2012, is the framework for cooperation with Brazil. The Commission is identifying research topics of common interest, including with multiple third parties, notably African countries.
(Versão portuguesa)
Pergunta com pedido de resposta escrita E-002106/13
à Comissão (Vice-Presidente/Alta Representante)
Diogo Feio (PPE)
(26 de fevereiro de 2013)
Assunto: VP/HR — Guiné-Bissau: encontro de Ramos Horta com as forças armadas guineenses
O representante especial do secretário-geral da ONU em Bissau avistou-se recentemente com as chefias militares do país no contexto do debate acerca da necessária reorganização das forças armadas.
José Ramos Horta apelou nesta circunstância para a necessidade de dar uma vida digna aos militares da Guiné-Bissau.
Assim, pergunto à Alta Representante:
Tem conhecimento desta visita?
Que apreciação faz das declarações do representante especial do secretário-geral das Nações Unidas?
Estaria disponível para contribuir para a melhoria da qualidade de vida dos militares da Guiné-Bissau se estes dessem sinais efetivos de acatamento incondicional da ordem constitucional, procedessem à sua restruturação e combatessem resolutamente o tráfico de droga no seu território?
Dispõe de informações acerca do estado do processo de reorganização das forças armadas guineenses?
Resposta dada pela Alta Representante/Vice-Presidente Catherine Ashton em nome da Comissão
(22 de abril de 2013)
A Alta Representante/Vice-Presidente está ao corrente da visita a que se refere. A Alta Representante/Vice-Presidente está consciente da importância de proporcionar condições de vida aceitáveis às forças armadas da Guiné-Bissau, também como medida para promover um clima de confiança no contexto mais vasto da tão necessária reforma do setor da segurança.
No entanto, a UE considera que a reforma deve ir além da componente das infraestruturas, de modo a cobrir elementos estruturais, tais como a redução de 65 % do número total de profissionais das forças armadas, a formação, a reforma jurídica, administrativa e financeira, o sistema de reformas e de recrutamento, bem como a renovação do topo da hierarquia. Estas medidas também estão previstas nas obrigações mútuas estabelecidas pela Decisão 2011/492 do Conselho, de julho de 2011, no âmbito de um procedimento em curso a título do artigo 96.° do Acordo de Cotonu.
Em recentes contactos com o SEAE e a Comissão, o Representante Especial do Secretário‐Geral das Nações Unidas, José Ramos-Horta, declarou que tenciona procurar obter financiamentos de doadores, para além da UE, para a reabilitação das infraestruturas militares. Se, após as eleições, as autoridades legítimas se comprometerem a proceder a uma profunda reforma do setor da segurança, a UE poderá examinar a possibilidade de prestar apoio à vertente estrutural da reforma, com base em resultados concretos.
(English version)
Question for written answer E-002106/13
to the Commission (Vice-President/High Representative)
Diogo Feio (PPE)
(26 February 2013)
Subject: VP/HR — Guinea-Bissau: meeting between José Ramos-Horta and the armed forces
The UN Secretary General’s special representative in Guinea-Bissau recently met with the country's military leaders, in the context of the debate on the much-needed reorganisation of the armed forces.
Mr Ramos-Horta drew attention to the need to provide members of the armed forces of Guinea-Bissau with a decent standard of living.
1.
Is the Vice-President/High Representative informed of this visit?
2.
What is her opinion of the statements made by the UN Secretary-General’s special representative?
3.
Would she be prepared to contribute towards improving the quality of life of members of the armed forces in Guinea-Bissau if they effectively demonstrate their willingness to unconditionally respect the constitution, undergo restructuring and take firm action to combat drug trafficking in the country?
Answer given by High Representative/Vice-President Ashton on behalf of the Commission
(22 April 2013)
The HRVP is informed about the meeting referred to. She is aware of the importance of providing acceptable living conditions to the armed forces of Guinea-Bissau, also as a confidence building measure in the wider context of the much needed security sector reform.
Nevertheless, the EU believes that the reform must go well beyond the infrastructure component to cover structural elements such as, inter alia, reducing the total number of profesional members of the armed forces by 65%, training, legal, administrative and financial reform, pensioning and recruitment, renewal of the top hierarchy. This is also foreseen by the mutual obligations established by Council Decision 2011/492 of July 2011, in the framework of an ongoing procedure under Article 96 of the Cotonou Agreement.
In recent contacts with the EEAS and the Commission, SRSG Ramos-Horta indicated that he foresees seeking funds from donors other than the EU for the rehabilitation of military infrastructure. If, after the elections, the legitimate authorities will commit to undertake a thorough security sector reform, the EU could consider providing support to the structural part of the reform, based on concrete results.
(Versão portuguesa)
Pergunta com pedido de resposta escrita E-002107/13
à Comissão (Vice-Presidente/Alta Representante)
Diogo Feio (PPE)
(26 de fevereiro de 2013)
Assunto: VP/HR — Guiné-Bissau: combate mais empenhado contra a droga
O Conselho de Segurança da ONU incitou as autoridades militares e políticas da Guiné-Bissau a combaterem «mais empenhadamente» o tráfico de droga no país, ameaçando com «novas ações» contra os responsáveis. Numa resolução que renovou por três meses o mandato da Uniogbis, os membros manifestaram «profunda preocupação com o aumento comunicado do tráfico de droga na Guiné-Bissau desde o golpe militar de 12 de abril» e incitaram «os responsáveis civis e militares na Guiné-Bissau a demonstrarem um maior empenho em combater eficazmente o tráfico de droga», nomeadamente assegurando «o funcionamento adequado das agências do Estado responsáveis pelo controlo de fronteiras e pelo combate ao tráfico de droga».
Assim, pergunto à Alta Representante:
Tem conhecimento desta resolução do Conselho de Segurança?
Que apreciação faz da mesma?
Obteve das autoridades civis e militares de facto da Guiné-Bissau alguma garantia ou expressão de compromisso e empenhamento efetivo no combate ao tráfico de droga que campeia no país e de reforço da capacidade técnica e operacional das referidas agências?
Resposta dada pela Alta Representante/Vice-Presidente Catherine Ashton em nome da Comissão
(2 de maio de 2013)
A Alta Representante/Vice Presidente está plenamente ciente da Resolução do Conselho de Segurança da ONU relativa ao tráfico de droga na Guiné-Bissau.
A UE partilha a opinião de que o tráfico de drogas ilícitas através da Guiné-Bissau constitui uma importante ameaça para a estabilidade do país e de toda a região.
As atuais autoridades civis e militares de facto tendem a minimizar a importância e o impacto do tráfico de drogas ilícitas através da Guiné-Bissau; A UE intervém nos seus contactos com as Nações Unidas, a UA e a Cedeao, a fim de chamar a atenção para o problema e de promover uma resposta coordenada a nível da região relativamente a este desafio.
A UE é o principal doador do plano de ação regional da Cedeao para fazer face ao crescente problema do tráfico de drogas ilícitas, à criminalidade organizada e à toxicodependência na África Ocidental. Além disso, a UE está a financiar o programa «Rota da cocaína» que tem por objetivo reforçar as capacidades de luta contra a droga em certos aeroportos e portos marítimos específicos da África Ocidental. A UE financia ainda, no âmbito dos 9.° e 10.° FED, diversos projetos de luta contra a droga em vários países da África Ocidental. Espera-se que estes esforços tenham igualmente um impacto positivo na Guiné-Bissau e ajudem a combater os fluxos de entrada e saída.
(English version)
Question for written answer E-002107/13
to the Commission (Vice-President/High Representative)
Diogo Feio (PPE)
(26 February 2013)
Subject: VP/HR — Guinea-Bissau: greater efforts to combat drug trafficking
The United Nations Security Council has called on the military and police authorities in Guinea-Bissau to show ‘greater commitment’ to combating drug trafficking in the country, and has threatened to take fresh action against those responsible. In a resolution renewing the mandate of the United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Guinea-Bissau (UNIOGBIS) for a further three months, the members of the Security Council expressed their ‘serious concern over reports of increase in drug trafficking since the 12 April coup’ and urged the ‘civilian and military leadership in Guinea-Bissau to demonstrate greater commitment to international efforts to combat drug trafficking’, by ensuring the ‘full functioning of State agencies responsible for border control and for combating drug trafficking’.
1.
Is the Vice-President/High Representative aware of this UN Security Council resolution?
2.
What is her view of it?
3.
Has she received any guarantee or assurances from the
de facto
civil and military authorities in Guinea-Bissau of their commitment to effectively engage in combating the rampant drug trafficking in that country and reinforce the technical and operational capacity of the abovementioned agencies?
Answer given by High Representative/Vice-President Ashton on behalf of the Commission
(2 May 2013)
The HR/VP is fully aware of the UN Security Council resolution in respect of drug trafficking in Guinea Bissau.
The EU shares the opinion that illegal drugs trafficking through Guinea-Bissau is a major threat to the country's stability as well as to the whole region.
The current de facto civil and military authorities tend to minimise the importance and impact of illegal drugs trafficking through Guinea-Bissau; the EU is active in its contacts with the UN, AU and Ecowas in order to draw attention to the problem and to promote a coordinated, region-wide response to this challenge.
The EU is the largest donor to the Ecowas regional action plan addressing the growing problem of illicit drug trafficking, organised crime and drug abuse in West Africa. In addition, the EU is funding the ‘Cocaine Route Programme’ which aims to strengthen the anti-drugs capacities at selected airports and seaports in West Africa. Furthermore, the EU is funding, under the 9th and 10th EDF several anti-drugs projects in various West African countries. Such efforts should also have a positive impact on Guinea Bissau and help to combat incoming and outgoing flows.
(Versão portuguesa)
Pergunta com pedido de resposta escrita E-002108/13
à Comissão
Diogo Feio (PPE)
(26 de fevereiro de 2013)
Assunto: Montados — Proteção, preservação, promoção e estudo
O ICAAM (Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas) da Universidade de Évora levou a efeito a conferência internacional subordinada ao tema «Montados e Dehesas como sistemas de Elevado Valor Natural».
Para os organizadores do evento, atualmente, e face ao aumento da pressão para a intensificação da utilização da terra, torna-se urgente definir prioridades que, a nível da definição de políticas, considerem os Montados e Dehesas como sistemas complexos com características únicas que importa valorizar.
Neste contexto, o conceito de Elevado Valor Natural (High Nature Value — HNV) poderá ser a chave para a classificação e promoção específica destes sistemas, em termos de definição de políticas aos diferentes níveis de decisão. Torna-se assim essencial identificar e definir critérios e metodologias que permitam o reconhecimento e a monitorização adequada dos Montados e Dehesas que efetivamente fornecem os valores não-produtivos atualmente valorizados pela sociedade.
1.
Como avalia a
Comissão a importância socioeconómica, ambiental e natural dos Montados-
Dehesas
?
2.
Teve a
Comissão conhecimento desta conferência e dos seus objetivos?
3.
Em que medida poderá o conceito de Elevado Valor Natural (
High Nature Value
— HNV) ser a chave para a classificação e promoção específica destes sistemas? E de que modo poderão ser avaliados os valores não-produtivos com eles conexos?
4.
Pretende a
Comissão tirar partido da experiência adquirida e do conhecimento acumulado por diversos grupos de trabalho em Portugal, Espanha e outros países do Mediterrâneo para sua proteção, preservação, promoção e estudo? De que modo?
Resposta dada por Dacian Cioloş em nome da Comissão
(24 de abril de 2013)
1.
A Comissão está ciente da importância da conservação da grande biodiversidade e da paisagem tradicional das zonas agrícolas de montado e
dehesa
. A atividade nessas zonas pode ser apoiada por diferentes medidas dos programas de desenvolvimento rural: agroambiente, Natura 2000, zonas desfavorecidas, investimentos, primeira implantação de sistemas agroflorestais em terras agrícolas, conservação e valorização do património rural, agroturismo e iniciativas dos grupos de ação local. Todas estas medidas são implementadas pelo programa de desenvolvimento rural Proder, estando previstas diversas ações para manter e recuperar os montados (www.proder.pt).
2.
A Comissão não tem conhecimento da conferência da Universidade de Évora.
3.
Quanto à classificação dos montados e
dehesas
como zonas agrícolas de elevado valor natural, a responsabilidade incumbe aos Estados-Membros e regiões. A produção de bens públicos provenientes dos montados e
dehesas
é expressa por múltiplos indicadores do «quadro comum de acompanhamento e avaliação» dos programas de desenvolvimento rural. Para compreender a forma como a manutenção dos montados e
dehesas
contribui para proporcionar benefícios ambientais e não produtivos, todos esses dados devem ser interpretados conjuntamente.
4.
A Comissão acompanha a contribuição dos interessados no contexto do procedimento de programação do desenvolvimento rural. O grupo consultivo
«Florestas e Cortiça» abordou também a questão dos produtos e serviços proporcionados pelos montados e
dehesas
, em especial a cortiça. Além disso, a Comissão reconheceu já a importância dos sistemas agrossilvopastoris, tais como os montados e
dehesas
, tendo, com efeito, proposto o reforço das medidas agroflorestais no futuro regulamento sobre o desenvolvimento rural para o período 2014‐2020.
(English version)
Question for written answer E-002108/13
to the Commission
Diogo Feio (PPE)
(26 February 2013)
Subject: Protection, preservation, promotion and study of montado ecosystems
The University of Évora’s Institute for Mediterranean Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (ICAAM) has held an international conference on ‘Montados and Dehesas as High Nature Value systems’.
According to the event’s organisers and in view of the increased pressure on land use intensification, priorities need to be set as a matter of urgency which, in terms of policy-making, consider montados and dehesas as complex systems with unique characteristics that should be promoted.
In that context, the high nature value (HNV) concept could be key to the classification and targeted promotion of such systems, at different levels of policy-making. It is therefore crucial to identify and establish criteria and methodologies enabling the recognition and adequate monitoring of montados and dehesas, which provide the non-productive benefits valued by society today.
1.
What is the Commission’s view of the socioeconomic, environmental and natural importance of
montados
/
dehesas
?
2.
Was the Commission aware of this conference and its aims?
3.
To what extent could the high nature value concept be key to the classification and targeted promotion of these systems? What assessment could be made of the non-productive benefits associated with
montados
?
4.
Will the Commission take advantage of the experience gained and the knowledge accumulated by several working groups in Portugal, Spain and other Mediterranean countries in respect of the protection, preservation, promotion and study of
montados
? How?
Answer given by Mr Cioloş on behalf of the Commission
(24 April 2013)
1.
The Commission is aware of the importance to conserve rich biodiversity and traditional landscape in Montado and Dehesa agricultural areas. Different measures of the Rural Development Programmes can support the activity in those areas: agri-environment, Natura 2000, less favoured areas, investments, first establishment of agroforestry systems on agricultural land, conservation and upgrading of the rural heritage, agro-tourism as well as initiatives of Local Action Groups. All these measures are implemented by the RD Programme
‘Proder’ and several actions are foreseen aiming to preserve and restore the
montados
(www.proder.pt).
2.
The Commission is not aware of the Evora’s University conference.
3.
As regards the classification of
montados
and
dehesas
as High Nature Value Farming areas (HNVF) the responsibility lies with the Member States and regions. The production of public goods from
montados
and
dehesas
is expressed by multiple indicators of ‘Common monitoring and evaluation framework’ of Rural Development Programmes. All these data should be interpreted in combination to understand the contribution of
montados
and
dehesas
maintenance to environmental and non-productive benefits
4.
The Commission watches at the contribution of the stakeholders channelled under the context of the Rural Development programming procedure. The Advisory Group on Forestry and Cork also has addressed the products and services from
dehesas
and
montados
, in particular cork. Moreover, the Commission has already recognised the importance of sylvo-pastoral agricultural systems, such as
montados
and
dehesas
. It has indeed proposed to reinforce the agro-forestry measure in the future rural development regulation for the period 2014-2020.
(Versão portuguesa)
Pergunta com pedido de resposta escrita E-002109/13
à Comissão (Vice-Presidente/Alta Representante)
Diogo Feio (PPE)
(26 de fevereiro de 2013)
Assunto: VP/HR — Timor-Leste: «Greater Sunrise» — gás e petróleo
Notícias recentes dão conta que os governos timorense e australiano ainda não chegaram a acordo quanto ao plano de desenvolvimento do «Greater Sunrise», que expirou no dia 23 de fevereiro de 2013.
O Ministro do Petróleo e Recursos Naturais timorense, Alfredo Pires, declarou que o seu governo está preocupado com o Acordo sobre a Fronteira Marítima, no âmbito do plano de desenvolvimento do gasoduto, que prevê que a linha fronteiriça seja novamente discutida 50 anos depois da exploração de petróleo e gás no campo «Greater Sunrise». O executivo de Timor-Leste poderá abandonar o acordo devido à definição da fronteira marítima.
Em resposta à minha pergunta E-004173/2010, o Comissário Andris Piebalgs declarou, em nome da Comissão, que «a Comissão não tem conhecimento de qualquer estudo de viabilidade que realize uma avaliação pormenorizada do impacto potencial de uma instalação de gás natural liquefeito em Timor-Leste» e que «a Comissão não está a prestar assistência no setor da energia».
Assim, pergunto à Alta Representante:
Tem conhecimento desta situação?
Como a avalia?
Dispõe, neste momento, de qualquer estudo de viabilidade que faça uma avaliação pormenorizada do impacto potencial de uma instalação de gás natural liquefeito em Timor-Leste?
Estaria disposta a prestar assistência a Timor-Leste no setor da energia?
Dispõe de garantias de que a Austrália não se aproveitará da sua posição de potência regional para impor os seus interesses a um parceiro significativamente mais fraco e dependente?
Resposta dada pela Alta Representante/Vice-Presidente Catherine Ashton em nome da Comissão
(24 de abril de 2013)
A Alta Representante/Vice-Presidente está a seguir de perto o evoluir da situação relativa à exploração de petróleo e gás no mar de Timor, visto que estes são essenciais para o desenvolvimento de Timor-Leste.
A UE tem conhecimento do relatório 2012-11 Analysis transportation options Greater Sunrise e agradeceria que o Senhor Deputado lhe enviasse outras informações relevantes sobre esta questão.
Como o Comissário Andris Piebalgs já referiu, a UE não está diretamente envolvida no setor da energia em Timor-Leste. Não obstante, a ajuda ao desenvolvimento da UE tem incidido sobretudo no apoio dado às instituições timorenses para gerirem de forma eficaz os recursos próprios do país, bem como para definirem as políticas a seguir, incluindo no domínio das relações externas.
(English version)
Question for written answer E-002109/13
to the Commission (Vice-President/High Representative)
Diogo Feio (PPE)
(26 February 2013)
Subject: VP/HR — Timor-Leste: gas and oil in the ‘Greater Sunrise’ field
According to recent reports, the East Timorese and Australian Governments have not yet reached an agreement on the ‘Greater Sunrise’ development plan, which expired on 23 February 2013.
The East Timorese Minister for Oil and Natural Resources, Alfredo Pires, said that his government was concerned about the Maritime Boundary Agreement, as part of the pipeline development plan, which provides for the boundary line to be renegotiated after 50 years of oil and gas exploitation in the ‘Greater Sunrise’ field. The East Timorese authorities might cancel the agreement because of how the maritime boundary is defined.
In answer to my Question E-004173/2010, Commissioner Piebalgs, on behalf of the Commission, stated that ‘the Commission is not aware of any feasibility study having made a detailed assessment of the potential impact of a liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant in Timor-Leste’ and that ‘the Commission is not assisting in the energy sector’.
1.
Is the Vice-President/High Representative aware of this situation?
2.
What is her view on the matter?
3.
Does she currently have any feasibility study that makes a detailed assessment of the potential impact of an LNG plant in Timor-Leste?
4.
Would she be prepared to assist Timor-Leste in the energy sector?
5.
Does she have any guarantees that Australia will not exploit its position as a regional power to impose its interests on a much weaker and more dependent partner?
Answer given by High Representative/Vice-President Ashton on behalf of the Commission
(24 April 2013)
The HR/VP is following closely the developments related to exploitation of the oil and gas resources in the Timor Sea, as they are key for the development of Timor-Leste.
The EU is aware of the report ‘2012-11 Analysis transportation options Greater Sunrise’, and would be grateful if the Honourable Member would wish to share any other relevant information on this issue.
As stated by Commissioner Piebalgs, the EU is not directly involved in the energy sector in Timor-Leste. Nevertheless, the main focus of the EU development assistance has been support to the capacity of the Timorese institutions to effectively manage the country's own resources, as well as design its own policies, including in the area of foreign relations.
(Versão portuguesa)
Pergunta com pedido de resposta escrita E-002110/13
à Comissão (Vice-Presidente/Alta Representante)
Diogo Feio (PPE)
(26 de fevereiro de 2013)
Assunto: VP/HR — Timor-Leste: Secretário-executivo da CPLP
A comunicação social informou que o secretário-executivo da Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa, Murade Murargy, fez um balanço positivo da sua recente visita a Timor‐Leste e destacou o empenho das autoridades timorenses no combate à pobreza.
Assim, pergunto à Alta Representante:
Tem conhecimento desta visita?
Contactou o secretário-executivo a esse propósito?
Partilha da sua opinião quanto à avaliação que faz do empenhamento das autoridades timorenses no combate à pobreza?
Dispõe de dados acerca da pobreza naquele país?
Como avalia a sua própria participação no esforço conjunto de redução da pobreza em Timor-Leste?
Resposta dada pela Alta Representante/Vice-Presidente Catherine Ashton em nome da Comissão
(17 de abril de 2013)
Na sua primeira visita a um país da CPLP desde que tomou posse em setembro de 2012, o Secretário-Geral da CPLP, o moçambicano Murade Murargy, esteve em Timor-Leste entre 16 e 23 de fevereiro de 2013.
De acordo com as informações recebidas, o objetivo da sua visita era promover a presença da CPLP em Timor-Leste e assinar o contrato de concessão de um terreno para a implantação da representação da CPLP na capital Díli, a financiar pelo Governo de Timor-Leste. Por outro lado, a visita de Murade Murargy proporcionou a oportunidade de analisar conjuntamente com o Governo de Timor-Leste futuros domínios de cooperação, com especial ênfase na cooperação económica com os países da CPLP, bem como nos investimentos desses países.
O Embaixador da UE em Timor-Leste contactou o Secretário-Geral Murade Murargy, mas este não estava disponível para uma reunião.
A UE tem vindo a colaborar com Timor-Leste desde a restauração da independência em 2002, com um objetivo global de redução da pobreza. Designadamente através da sua delegação, a UE participa, numa base diária, nos esforços de redução da pobreza, utilizando as estatísticas nacionais e internacionais disponíveis. Embora as receitas de petróleo e gás sejam abundantes, as limitações de capacidades que Timor-Leste enfrenta representam um desafio para a gestão eficiente desses recursos. É por este motivo que a estratégia da UE em matéria de cooperação com Timor-Leste se centra, em grande medida, no reforço das capacidades.
(English version)
Question for written answer E-002110/13
to the Commission (Vice-President/High Representative)
Diogo Feio (PPE)
(26 February 2013)
Subject: VP/HR — Timor-Leste: Executive Secretary of the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries (CPLP)
According to media reports, the Executive Secretary of the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries, Murade Murargy, made a positive assessment of his recent visit to Timor-Leste and underlined the East Timorese authorities’ commitment to tackling poverty.
1.
Is the Vice-President/High Representative aware of this visit?
2.
Has she contacted the Executive Secretary about it?
3.
Does she agree with his assessment of the East Timorese authorities’ commitment to tackling poverty?
4.
Does she have any figures on poverty in Timor-Leste?
5.
How does she view her own contribution to the joint effort to reduce poverty in Timor-Leste?
Answer given by High Representative/Vice-President Ashton on behalf of the Commission
(17 April 2013)
In his first visit to a CPLP country since he took office in September 2012, the Mozambican CPLP Secretary General, Murade Murargy, was in Timor-Leste between16-23 February 2013.
According to reports, the objective of his visit was to promote the CPLP's presence in Timor-Leste and to sign the land concession agreement for the CPLP representation in the capital Dili, to be financed by the Timor-Leste Government. Furthermore, Mr Murargy's visit provided an opportunity to analyse jointly with the Timor-Leste Government future areas for cooperation, with a special emphasis on economic cooperation with, and investment from, CPLP countries.
The EU Ambassador to Timor-Leste approached the Secretary General Murargy but he was not available for a meeting.
The EU has been working together with the Timor-Leste partners since the restoration of independence in 2002, with an overarching objective of poverty reduction. The EU, including through its Delegation, engages on a daily basis in poverty reduction efforts, using available national and international statistics. While oil and gas revenues are abundant, capacity constraints Timor-Leste is facing, represent a challenge of efficient management of these resources. That is why the EU strategy of cooperation with Timor-Leste is to a very big extent focused on capacity strengthening.
(Versão portuguesa)
Pergunta com pedido de resposta escrita E-002111/13
à Comissão
Diogo Feio (PPE)
(26 de fevereiro de 2013)
Assunto: Açores — Situação da economia da região
Notícias recentes dão conta que a região autónoma dos Açores apresenta a maior taxa de sempre de falências de empresas, de insolvências familiares e de desemprego, além de ter também a maior percentagem de beneficiários do Rendimento Social de Inserção em Portugal e a maior dívida pública de sempre, e vem conhecendo quebras profundas na construção civil, no turismo e nas receitas fiscais.
1.
Confirma a
Comissão estes dados?
2.
Quais considera a
Comissão serem as principais razões que subjazem a esta situação?
3.
Que medidas crê a
Comissão que deveriam ser tomadas a nível regional de modo a inverter este preocupante estado de coisas?
4.
Como avalia a
Comissão a presente situação da economia na região autónoma dos Açores?
Resposta dada por Olli Rehn em nome da Comissão
(11 de abril de 2013)
A Comissão acompanha os desenvolvimentos económicos a nível regional apenas a médio e longo prazo, não podendo consequentemente pronunciar-se sobre as notícias referidas na pergunta, nem sobre as razões subjacentes aos desenvolvimentos mencionados.
A fim de fazer face aos principais problemas regionais e inverter a presente situação, as autoridades competentes devem prosseguir com a implementação dos programas operacionais existentes apoiados por fundos da UE.
(English version)
Question for written answer E-002111/13
to the Commission
Diogo Feio (PPE)
(26 February 2013)
Subject: The economic situation of the Azores
According to recent news reports, company and household bankruptcies and unemployment in the Autonomous Region of the Azores have hit unprecedented levels. It has the highest number of people claiming social inclusion benefit in Portugal, public debt is at an all-time high, and construction, tourism and tax receipts have collapsed.
1.
Can the Commission substantiate these statistics?
2.
What does the Commission think are the main reasons behind this situation?
3.
What measures does the Commission think should be taken at regional level to reverse this worrying state of affairs?
4.
How does the Commission view the current economic situation of the Autonomous Region of the Azores?
Answer given by Mr Rehn on behalf of the Commission
(11 April 2013)
The Commission follows economic developments at regional level only on a medium and longer term basis and therefore can comment neither on the news reports referred to in the question, nor on the reasons behind the developments reported.
In order to tackle the main regional problems and to reverse the current state of affairs, relevant authorities should go on with the implementation of the current operational programmes supported by EU funds.
(Dansk udgave)
Forespørgsel til skriftlig besvarelse E-002112/13
til Kommissionen
Anne E. Jensen (ALDE)
(26. februar 2013)
Om: Udbudsregler for færgefarten
Færgeforbindelser er essentielle for små lokalsamfund overalt i EU, men det er ofte dyrt og besværligt at etablere færgeforbindelser, og de kan sjældent drives på kommercielle vilkår alene. Det er en stor investering for et rederi at investere i færgeforbindelser, som de risikerer at miste efter 6 år, når driften skal i udbud igen.
Kommissionens krav om reducering af svovlindholdet i skibsbrændstof vil øge rederiernes investering, da færgerne enten vil være nødsaget til at skifte fra bunkerolien til et dyrere alternativ eller betale mere for bunkerolie med lavere svovlindhold.
Den 30. marts 2011 spurgte undertegnede, hvordan Kommissionen forholdt sig til at forlænge udbudsperioden til færgedrift af en vis størrelse, således at det bliver mere attraktivt at investere i færgedrift. (Spørgsmål nr. E-003436/2011, stillet den 30. marts 2011).
Kommissionen forklarede, at der ikke var fastsat nogen maksimumsvarighed for kontrakter om offentlig tjeneste i forordning (EØF) nr. 3577/92, men at Kommissionen som retningslinje angav en varighed på 6 år i fortolkningsmeddelelsen (331). Kommissionen forklarede ligeledes, at der på daværende tidspunkt var overvejelser om en forlængelse af denne varighed i forbindelse med den nye fortolkningsmeddelelse, der skulle have været offentliggjort i 2011. Fortolkningsmeddelelsen er endnu ikke offentliggjort.
Forventer Kommissionen at forlænge udbudsreglerne for færgefarten, således at det bliver mere rentabelt at investere i færgedrift, og hvornår forventes fortolkningsmeddelelsen klar?
Svar afgivet på Kommissionens vegne af Siim Kallas
(18. april 2013)
I løbet af 2011 og 2012 indsamlede Kommissionen yderligere oplysninger om gennemførelsen af Rådets forordning (EØF) nr. 3577/92 om cabotagesejlads. På grundlag af disse yderligere oplysninger vil Kommissionen til sommer i år opdatere og revidere sin fortolkningsmeddelelse om cabotagesejlads fra 2003, bl.a. med hensyn til varigheden af kontrakter om offentlig tjeneste, som det ærede medlem henviser til.
Som nævnt i svaret på forespørgsel nr. E-003436/2011 er det Kommissionens opfattelse, at varigheden af kontrakter om offentlig tjeneste bør begrænses til, hvad der er nødvendigt for at sikre, at investeringen tjenes ind, og der er et rimeligt afkast af den investerede kapital. Hensigten med dette er at fremme investering i færgedrift uden at begrænse andres adgang til markedet unødigt.
(English version)
Question for written answer E-002112/13
to the Commission
Anne E. Jensen (ALDE)
(26 February 2013)
Subject: Tendering rules for ferry services
Ferry connections are essential for small local communities all over the EU, but it is often expensive and difficult to establish such connections, and they can rarely be operated on a purely commercial basis. Shipping operators have to invest a lot of money in ferry links which they risk losing after six years when the operation has to be put out to tender again.
The Commission’s requirements for the reduction of the sulphur content of marine fuels will increase the amount operators have to invest, as the ferries will either be forced to switch from bunker oil to a more expensive alternative or to pay more for low-sulphur bunker oil.
On 20 March 2011 I asked the Commission (Question E-003436/2011) how it viewed the idea of extending the tendering period for ferry operations of a given size so that it becomes more attractive to invest in ferry operation.
The Commission answered that while Regulation (EC) No 3577/92 does not provide for a maximum duration of a public service contract, the Commission had given as an indication a duration of 6 years in its interpretative communication (332). The Commission also explained that it was currently reflecting on possible extension of this duration in the new interpretative communication, due to be published in 2011. This interpretative communication has not yet been published.
Does the Commission expect to amend the rules to extend the tendering period for ferry services so that it becomes more profitable to invest in ferry operations, and when is the interpretative communication expected to be ready?
Answer given by Mr Kallas on behalf of the Commission
(18 April 2013)
In the course of 2011 and 2012 the Commission gathered additional information on the implementation of Council Regulation (EEC) No 3577/92 on maritime cabotage (333). On the basis of this additional information the Commission intends to update and revise its interpretative communication on maritime cabotage of 2003, including on the issue of duration of public service contracts, referred to by the Honourable Member, by summer this year.
As stated in the reply to Question E-003436/2011 (334), the Commission believes that in order to encourage the investments in ferry operations while not foreclosing the market, the duration of public service contracts should be limited to the time estimated to be necessary for the shipowner to recuperate the investments made in operating the service together with a reasonable return on invested capital.
(Nederlandse versie)
Vraag met verzoek om schriftelijk antwoord E-002113/13
aan de Commissie
Ivo Belet (PPE)
(26 februari 2013)
Betreft: Emissies airco's in auto's
Autofabrikanten mogen vanaf 1 januari 2013 in nieuwe wagens geen aircosystemen meer installeren met een aardopwarmingspotentieel (GWP) van meer dan 150 (Richtlijn 2006/40/EG van 17 mei 2006 betreffende emissies van klimaatregelingsapparatuur in motorvoertuigen). Voor voertuigen die niet aan deze eis voldoen mogen geen typegoedkeuringen worden afgeleverd.
Om aan deze verplichting te voldoen, gebruiken constructeurs HFO-1234yf, een koelvloeistof met een GWP van 4, wat maar liefst 99,7 % lager is dan de in het verleden gebruikte koelvloeistof R134a.
Een Duitse autofabrikant heeft twijfels geuit over de veiligheid van HFO-1234yf en heeft om die reden, gesteund door het Duitse Ministerie van Verkeer (Bundesverkehrsministerium), aan de Commissie een uitstel van 6 maanden gevraagd.
Internationale instanties, waaronder SAE International, bevestigen de veiligheid van de nieuwe koelvloeistof.
1.
Heeft de Commissie zicht op de naleving van Richtlijn 2006/40/EG door de Europese autofabrikanten vanaf 1 januari 2013?
2.
Kan de Commissie meedelen welke fabrikanten zich wel of niet houden aan deze verplichting?
3.
Welke maatregelen zal de Commissie nemen ten aanzien van autoconstructeurs die zich niet houden aan de vanaf 1 januari 2013 geldende verplichting?
Antwoord van de heer Tajani namens de Commissie
(10 april 2013)
Wat de handhaving van Europese Richtlijn 2006/40/EG inzake klimaatregelingsapparatuur in voertuigen betreft, heeft de Commissie de lidstaten op 12 februari 2013 een brief gestuurd met twee vragen: 1) of er op hun markt na 1 januari 2013 motorvoertuigen zijn verkocht of geregistreerd die niet aan de richtlijn voldoen, omdat zij namelijk zijn geproduceerd om het gas R134a te gebruiken hoewel typegoedkeuring is verleend voor gebruik van het gas HFO 1234yf; en 2) als er zich voertuigen in die situatie bevinden, welke acties zijn gepland om de productie ervan weer conform te maken.
Op 15 maart 2013 hadden nog maar enkele lidstaten deze vragen van de Commissie beantwoord. Uit de ontvangen antwoorden blijkt dat sommige fabrikanten in de onder 1) bedoelde situatie zouden verkeren en dus niet aan de richtlijn zouden voldoen. De relevante autoriteiten gaven in hun correspondentie ook te kennen dat zij actieplannen hebben opgezet om deze kwestie aan te pakken.
Volgens de informatie waarover de Commissie beschikt, komen alle andere fabrikanten hun verplichtingen uit hoofde van bovengenoemde richtlijn na.
De Commissie verkeert niet in een positie om actie tegen specifieke economische subjecten te ondernemen. In gevallen van niet-naleving van de EU-wetgeving moet de lidstaat die met de typegoedkeuring van het voertuig is belast, erop toezien dat passende corrigerende maatregelen direct op de fabrikant worden toegepast. De Commissie kan een inbreukprocedure inleiden tegen lidstaten die de EU-wetgeving niet correct toepassen.
(English version)
Question for written answer E-002113/13
to the Commission
Ivo Belet (PPE)
(26 February 2013)
Subject: Emissions from air conditioning systems in cars
Since 1 January 2013, car manufacturers have no longer been permitted to instal air conditioning systems in new cars which have a global warming potential (GWP) higher than 150 (Directive 2006/40/EC of 17 May 2006 relating to emissions from air conditioning systems in motor vehicles). Type approvals can no longer be issued for vehicles which fail to meet this requirement.
In order to comply with this requirement, manufacturers are using HFO-1234yf, a coolant with a GWP of 4, a figure fully 99.7% lower than that for the coolant R134a which used to be used.
A German car manufacturer has expressed doubts about the safety of HFO-1234yf and has therefore, supported by the German Ministry of Transport (Bundesverkehrsministerium), asked the Commission for a 6-month postponement.
International bodies, including SAE International, confirm that the new coolant is safe.
1.
Does the Commission have an overview of compliance with Directive 2006/40/EG by European car manufacturers since 1 January 2013?
2.
Can the Commission indicate which manufacturers are complying with this requirement and which are not?
3.
What measures will the Commission take with regard to car manufacturers who fail to comply with the requirement which has been in force since 1 January 2013?
Answer given by Mr Tajani on behalf of the Commission
(10 April 2013)
Regarding the enforcement of European Directive 2006/40/EC on mobile air-conditioning (MAC), the Commission wrote, on 12 February 2013, to the Member States resquesting two elements: (i) if there are, on their markets, motor vehicles, sold or registered after 1 January 2013, which do not respect the directive, namely because they are produced to use the gas R134a though they have been type-approved for the use of gas HFO 1234yf and; (ii) if there are vehicles in such a situation, which actions are planned to bring their production back into conformity.
On 15 March 2013 only a few Member States had replied to this request from the Commission. From the replies received, it appears that some manufacturers could be in the situation referred in (i), and therefore not complying with the directive. The relevant authorities also referred, in their correspondence, that they have set out action plans to address this issue.
According to the information available to the Commission, all other manufacturers are complying with their obligations under the MAC Directive.
The Commission is not in a position to take action against specific economic operators. In cases of non-compliance with EU legislation, the Member State responsible for the vehicle type-approval is the one responsible for applying appropriate corrective measures directly on the manufacturer. The Commission may launch infringement proceedings against Member States not correctly applying EU legislation.
|
248892_1 | Caselaw_Access_Project | Public Domain | ORDER
The Supreme Court having issued an Order to Show Cause and Complaint for Removal of JUDGE JAMES A. BRESLIN, JR., of the Lyndhurst Municipal Court pursuant to Rule 2:14 and N.J.S.A. 2B:2A-1 to -11;
And the Court having referred the matter to a three-judge panel pursuant to N.J.S.A 2B:2A-7;
And the panel having filed its report with the Court recommending the removal of Judge James A. Breslin, Jr., for violations of Canons 1 and 2A of the Code of Judicial Conduct and Rule 2:15-8(a)(6), which violations demonstrated Respondent's unfitness for judicial office;
And Respondent having waived his right to a hearing before the Supreme Court and having tendered his resignation from judicial office with the understanding that its acceptance by the Court is tantamount to his removal;
And the Court having reviewed the report and recommendations of the three-judge panel and having determined to accept the findings contained therein;
And good cause appearing;
IT IS ORDERED that the resignation of JUDGE JAMES A. BRESLIN, JR., from the Lyndhurst Municipal Court is accepted with prejudice, effective immediately; and it is further
ORDERED that Respondent is permanently barred from holding judicial office in this State; and it is further
ORDERED that the file in this matter be forwarded to the Office of Attorney Ethics for such action as may be appropriate.
Chief Justice PORITZ and Justices O'HERN, GARIBALDI, STEIN, COLEMAN, LONG, and YERNIERO join in the Court's Order..
|
github_open_source_100_8_20036 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | # Generated by Django 3.0.6 on 2021-03-28 16:11
from django.db import migrations
class Migration(migrations.Migration):
dependencies = [
('travel', '0009_user_input_status'),
]
operations = [
migrations.AlterUniqueTogether(
name='itinerary',
unique_together={('place_id', 'trip_id', 'arrival_DnT')},
),
]
|
github_open_source_100_8_20037 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | import {PaginationComponent} from '../pagination/pagination.component';
import {HcTableDataSource} from './table-data-source';
import {HcSort} from '../sort';
interface PeriodicElement {
name: string;
id: number;
weight: number;
discoveryDate: Date;
}
const ELEMENT_DATA: PeriodicElement[] = [
{id: 1, name: 'Hydrogen', weight: 1.0079, discoveryDate: new Date('January 2 1900')},
{id: 2, name: 'Helium', weight: 4.0026, discoveryDate: new Date('January 1 1900')},
{id: 3, name: 'Lithium', weight: 6.941, discoveryDate: new Date('January 1 1800')},
{id: 4, name: 'Beryllium', weight: 9.0122, discoveryDate: new Date('January 1 2000')},
{id: 5, name: 'Boron', weight: 10.811, discoveryDate: new Date('January 1 1956')},
{id: 6, name: 'Carbon', weight: 12.0107, discoveryDate: new Date('January 1 1945')},
{id: 7, name: 'Nitrogen', weight: 14.0067, discoveryDate: new Date('January 1 1976')},
{id: 8, name: 'Oxygen', weight: 15.9994, discoveryDate: new Date('January 1 1923')},
{id: 9, name: 'Fluorine', weight: 18.9984, discoveryDate: new Date('February 1 1900')},
{id: 10, name: 'Neon', weight: 20.1797, discoveryDate: new Date('May 1 1900')},
{id: 11, name: '1CasHydrogen', weight: 10.0079, discoveryDate: new Date('November 1 1900')},
{id: 12, name: 'CasHelium', weight: 40.0026, discoveryDate: new Date('June 1 1900')},
{id: 13, name: '2CasLithium', weight: 60.941, discoveryDate: new Date('January 1 1010')},
{id: 14, name: 'CasBeryllium', weight: 90.0122, discoveryDate: new Date('January 1 1923')},
{id: 15, name: '3CasBoron', weight: 100.811, discoveryDate: new Date('January 1 2001')},
{id: 16, name: 'CasCarbon', weight: 120.0107, discoveryDate: new Date('January 1 2002')},
{id: 17, name: 'CasNitrogen', weight: 140.0067, discoveryDate: new Date('January 1 2004')},
{id: 18, name: 'CasOxygen', weight: 150.9994, discoveryDate: new Date('January 1 2005')},
{id: 19, name: '', weight: 180.9984, discoveryDate: new Date('January 1 2007')},
{id: 20, name: '7CasNeon', weight: 200.1797, discoveryDate: new Date('January 1 2006')}
];
describe('HcTableDataSource', () => {
let pager: PaginationComponent;
let dataSource: HcTableDataSource<PeriodicElement>;
beforeEach(() => {
pager = new PaginationComponent();
});
describe('when paged', () => {
describe('appropriately sets the page after new data is added', () => {
it('page should be 1', () => {
dataSource = new HcTableDataSource([]);
dataSource.paginator = pager;
dataSource.data = ELEMENT_DATA;
expect(dataSource.paginator.pageNumber).toBe(1);
});
});
});
describe('sortData()', () => {
it('sorts numbers', () => {
const sort = new HcSort();
sort.direction = 'asc';
sort.active = 'weight';
const result = dataSource.sortData(ELEMENT_DATA, sort);
expect(result.map(e => e.weight).toString()).toBe(
[
1.0079,
4.0026,
6.941,
9.0122,
10.0079,
10.811,
12.0107,
14.0067,
15.9994,
18.9984,
20.1797,
40.0026,
60.941,
90.0122,
100.811,
120.0107,
140.0067,
150.9994,
180.9984,
200.1797
].toString()
);
});
it('sorts dates', () => {
const sort = new HcSort();
sort.direction = 'asc';
sort.active = 'discoveryDate';
const result = dataSource.sortData(ELEMENT_DATA, sort);
expect(result.map(e => e.discoveryDate).toString()).toBe(
[
new Date('January 1 1010'),
new Date('January 1 1800'),
new Date('January 1 1900'),
new Date('January 2 1900'),
new Date('February 1 1900'),
new Date('May 1 1900'),
new Date('June 1 1900'),
new Date('November 1 1900'),
new Date('January 1 1923'),
new Date('January 1 1923'),
new Date('January 1 1945'),
new Date('January 1 1956'),
new Date('January 1 1976'),
new Date('January 1 2000'),
new Date('January 1 2001'),
new Date('January 1 2002'),
new Date('January 1 2004'),
new Date('January 1 2005'),
new Date('January 1 2006'),
new Date('January 1 2007')
].toString()
);
});
it('sorts strings', () => {
const sort = new HcSort();
sort.direction = 'asc';
sort.active = 'name';
const result = dataSource.sortData(ELEMENT_DATA, sort);
expect(result.map(e => e.name).toString()).toBe(
[
'',
'1CasHydrogen',
'2CasLithium',
'3CasBoron',
'7CasNeon',
'Beryllium',
'Boron',
'Carbon',
'CasBeryllium',
'CasCarbon',
'CasHelium',
'CasNitrogen',
'CasOxygen',
'Fluorine',
'Helium',
'Hydrogen',
'Lithium',
'Neon',
'Nitrogen',
'Oxygen'
].toString()
);
});
});
});
|
github_open_source_100_8_20038 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | sap.ui.define([
"sap/ui/test/Opa5",
"sap/ui/test/matchers/Ancestor",
"sap/ui/test/matchers/Properties"
], function (Opa5, Ancestor, Properties) {
"use strict";
var ID_PREFIX = "__component0---app--",
DEFAULT_FIELD_NAME = "DefaultField",
//DEFAULT_FIELD = "idDefault",
DEFAULT_FIELD_VALUE_HELP_DIALOG = ID_PREFIX + "idDefault-input-valueHelpDialog",
DEFAULT_FIELD_VALUE_HELP_DIALOG_TABLE = ID_PREFIX + "idDefault-input-valueHelpDialog-table",
NAVIGATION_PROPERTY_NAME = "NavigationPropertyField",
//NAVIGATION_PROPERTY_FIELD = "idNavProp",
NAVIGATION_PROPERTY_INPUT = ID_PREFIX + "idNavProp-input",
NAVIGATION_PROPERTY_VALUE_HELP_DIALOG = ID_PREFIX + "idNavProp-input-valueHelpDialog",
NAVIGATION_PROPERTY_VALUE_HELP_DIALOG_TABLE = ID_PREFIX + "idNavProp-input-valueHelpDialog-table",
VALUE_LIST_NAME = "ValueListField",
//VALUE_LIST_FIELD = "idValueList",
VALUE_LIST_INPUT = ID_PREFIX + "idValueList-input",
VALUE_LIST_VALUE_HELP_DIALOG = ID_PREFIX + "idValueList-input-valueHelpDialog",
VALUE_LIST_VALUE_HELP_DIALOG_TABLE = ID_PREFIX + "idValueList-input-valueHelpDialog-table",
VALUE_LIST_GUID_NAME = "ValueListGUIDField",
VALUE_LIST_GUID_INPUT = ID_PREFIX + "idGuidValueList-input";
function __createWaitForSeeValueHelpDialog(sId, sFieldName) {
return {
id: sId,
autoWait: false,
success: function () {
Opa5.assert.ok(true, "The correct ValueHelp Dialog was shown for '" + sFieldName + "'");
},
errorMessage: "The ValueHelp Dialog was not shown for '" + sFieldName + "'"
};
}
function __createWaitForSeeSuggestedValue(sInputId, sValue, sFieldName) {
var sFieldValue = null;
var oWaitForObject = {
id: sInputId,
success: function (oInput) {
Opa5.getContext().control = oInput;
this.iWaitForPromise(new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
setTimeout(resolve, 300);
}).then(function () {
sFieldValue = oInput.getValue();
Opa5.assert.strictEqual(
sFieldValue,
sValue,
"The suggested value for '" + sFieldName + "' is correct");
}));
},
errorMessage: "The suggested value for '" + sFieldName + "' is NOT correct - '" + sFieldValue + "' but expected '" + sValue + "'"
};
return oWaitForObject;
}
function __createWaitForSeeError(sInputId, sExpectedErrorMessage, sFieldName) {
return {
id: sInputId,
success: function (oInput) {
Opa5.getContext().control = oInput;
this.iWaitForPromise(new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
setTimeout(resolve, 500);
}).then(function () {
var sErrorMessage = oInput.getValueStateText();
var sValueState = oInput.getValueState();
Opa5.assert.strictEqual(
sErrorMessage,
sExpectedErrorMessage,
"The error message for '" + sFieldName + "' is correct");
Opa5.assert.strictEqual(
sValueState,
"Error",
"The valueState for '" + sFieldName + "' is correct");
}));
},
errorMessage: "The '" + sFieldName + "' is not rendered"
};
}
function __createWaitForNotSeeError(sInputId, sFieldName) {
var sErrorMessage = null,
sValueState = null;
return {
id: sInputId,
success: function (oInput) {
this.iWaitForPromise(new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
setTimeout(resolve, 300);
}).then(function () {
sErrorMessage = oInput.mProperties.valueStateText;
sValueState = oInput.mProperties.valueState;
Opa5.assert.strictEqual(sErrorMessage, "", "The error message for '" + sFieldName + "' is empty.");
Opa5.assert.strictEqual(sValueState, "None", "The valueStatus for '" + sFieldName + "' is 'None'.");
}));
},
errorMessage: "The '" + sFieldName + "' is not rendered"
};
}
function __createWaitForSeeValueHelpDialogValues(sIdTable, sCategoryKey, sFieldName) {
return {
id: sIdTable,
success: function (oTable) {
Opa5.getContext().control = oTable;
return this.waitFor({
controlType: "sap.m.Text",
matchers: [
new Ancestor(oTable),
new Properties({
text: sCategoryKey
})
],
success: function () {
Opa5.assert.ok(true, "The ValueHelp Dialog values for '" + sFieldName + "' were found");
}
});
},
errorMessage: "The ValueHelp Dialog values were not shown for '" + sFieldName + "'"
};
}
return {
// Press ValueHelp Button Assertions
iShouldSeeTheDefaultValueHelpDialog: function () {
return this.waitFor(__createWaitForSeeValueHelpDialog(DEFAULT_FIELD_VALUE_HELP_DIALOG, DEFAULT_FIELD_NAME));
},
iShouldSeeTheNavigationPropertyValueHelpDialog: function () {
return this.waitFor(__createWaitForSeeValueHelpDialog(NAVIGATION_PROPERTY_VALUE_HELP_DIALOG, NAVIGATION_PROPERTY_NAME));
},
iShouldSeeTheValueListValueHelpDialog: function () {
return this.waitFor(__createWaitForSeeValueHelpDialog(VALUE_LIST_VALUE_HELP_DIALOG, VALUE_LIST_NAME));
},
// Pree ValueHelp Go Button Assertions
iShouldSeeTheDefaultValueHelpDialogValue: function (sValue) {
return this.waitFor(__createWaitForSeeValueHelpDialogValues(
DEFAULT_FIELD_VALUE_HELP_DIALOG_TABLE,
sValue,
DEFAULT_FIELD_NAME
));
},
iShouldSeeTheNavigationPropertyValueHelpDialogValue: function (sValue) {
return this.waitFor(__createWaitForSeeValueHelpDialogValues(
NAVIGATION_PROPERTY_VALUE_HELP_DIALOG_TABLE,
sValue,
NAVIGATION_PROPERTY_NAME
));
},
iShouldSeeTheValueListValueHelpDialogValue: function (sValue) {
return this.waitFor(__createWaitForSeeValueHelpDialogValues(
VALUE_LIST_VALUE_HELP_DIALOG_TABLE,
sValue,
VALUE_LIST_NAME
));
},
// Enter Value assertions
iShouldSeeASuggestedCategoryInTheNavigationPropertyField: function (sValue) {
return this.waitFor(__createWaitForSeeSuggestedValue(
NAVIGATION_PROPERTY_INPUT,
sValue,
NAVIGATION_PROPERTY_NAME
));
},
iShouldSeeASuggestedManufacturerInTheValueListField: function (sValue) {
return this.waitFor(__createWaitForSeeSuggestedValue(
VALUE_LIST_INPUT,
sValue,
VALUE_LIST_NAME
));
},
iShouldSeeAnErrorForTheNavigationPropertyField: function (sValue) {
return this.waitFor(__createWaitForSeeError(
NAVIGATION_PROPERTY_INPUT,
sValue,
NAVIGATION_PROPERTY_NAME
));
},
iShouldSeeAnErrorForTheValueListField: function (sValue) {
return this.waitFor(__createWaitForSeeError(
VALUE_LIST_INPUT,
sValue,
VALUE_LIST_NAME
));
},
iShouldSeeAnErrorForTheValueListGUIDField: function (sValue) {
return this.waitFor(__createWaitForSeeError(
VALUE_LIST_GUID_INPUT,
sValue,
VALUE_LIST_GUID_NAME
));
},
iShouldNotSeeAnErrorForTheNavigationPropertyField: function () {
return this.waitFor(__createWaitForNotSeeError(NAVIGATION_PROPERTY_INPUT, NAVIGATION_PROPERTY_NAME));
},
iShouldNotSeeAnErrorForTheValueListField: function () {
return this.waitFor(__createWaitForNotSeeError(VALUE_LIST_INPUT, VALUE_LIST_NAME));
},
iShouldNotSeeAnErrorForTheValueListGUIDField: function () {
return this.waitFor(__createWaitForNotSeeError(VALUE_LIST_GUID_INPUT, VALUE_LIST_GUID_NAME));
}
};
}); |
github_open_source_100_8_20039 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | function [ r ] = houghCurves( theta, x, y )
% Returns r as a function of theta
r = x.*cos(theta) + y.*sin(theta);
end
|
634497_1 | Wikipedia | CC-By-SA | 《飛越彩虹》（，）是韓國MBC於2006年7月26日起播放的水木連續劇。
劇情介紹
權奕洲與家人搬到新居時，遇到來找朋友的鄭熙秀，熙秀原來是從外地回國，一心打算成為歌手，在Pride當實習歌手。在熙秀的影響下，奕洲開始喜歡跳舞，並與他的朋友進Pride成了Back Dancer，奕洲更想成為歌手。在Pride公司裏，熙秀遇上當紅的人氣歌手REX，並對他有好感；另一方面，因喜歡R.E.X.而加入Pride成實習歌手的馬尚美卻對奕洲漸生好感……。
演員陣容
收視率
參考
外部連結
韓國MBC官方網站
臺灣GTV官方網站
作品的變遷
Obeo Deo Rainbow
Obeo Deo Rainbow
Obeo Deo Rainbow
偶像題材電視劇
洪珍兒與洪紫蘭之劇本作品.
|
6135093_1 | Wikipedia | CC-By-SA | Ernest du Laurens de la Barre, né à Quimperlé le et mort au manoir de Coat ar Roc'h en Commana le est un notaire et juge de paix, ainsi qu'un conteur et écrivain breton qui a en particulier retranscrit en langue française de nombreux contes et légendes jusque-là transmis oralement en langue bretonne dans la région des Monts d'Arrée et du Haut Léon. Il fait partie de la première génération de collecteurs bretons du , après Emile Souvestre et Théodore Hersart de la Villemarqué.
Biographie
Appartenant à la famille du Laurent de la Barre, il est le fils d'Alexandre-Marie-François du Laurens de la Barre (né le à Landévennec, contrôleur puis lieutenant des douanes à Lorient (Morbihan) et de Marie-Anne-Louise (dite Nancy) Guegot de Traoulen (née le à Champtocé-sur-Loire (Maine-et-Loire).
Il fait ses études secondaires au collège de Quimperlé, puis des études de droit à Rennes. Prenant l'habitude d'aller passer ses vacances au manoir de Coat ar Roc'h dans la propriété de son grand-père paternel Antoine-Marie-François-Jacques du Laurens de la Barre, ancien sénéchal de Concarneau et juge de paix à Sizun, il commence à s'intéresser aux contes et légendes racontés par les paysans des environs.
Il épouse le Elisa Sidonie Ply (née le à Clermont (Oise) et décédée le ) dont il eut deux enfants Ernest-Marie-André du Laurens de la Barre, né le à Nozay (Loire-Atlantique) et Félix-Alexandre-Jean-Marie du Laurens de la Barre, né en 1852.
Notaire à Vannes (où il fait édifier la Villa Saint-Guen au nord de la ville), il fut juge de paix à Sizun, il fit entièrement restaurer le manoir de Coat ar Roc'h en Commana, où il s'installa définitivement à partir de 1874 et où il mourut le . Nommé à Bouaye (Loire Inférieure) par décret du , il renonça à cette nomination.
Œuvre
Conteur et écrivain breton, il est l'auteur de plusieurs recueils de contes bretons, ainsi que de travaux historiques sur la Bretagne et ses traditions, dont :
Histoire élémentaire et abrégée de la Bretagne ;
Histoire de Châteaubriant et de ses barons ;
Les veillées de l'Armor (1857) ; cet ouvrage contient plusieurs contes comme Le hucheur de nuit, Le testament du recteur, Le diable boiteux, etc. ;
Sous le chaume (1863); cet ouvrage contient plusieurs contes dont La pierre tremblante de Trégunc, Le bassin d'or, Les aventures du seigneur Tête de Corbeau, M. Tam Kik, etc. ;
L'Imitation et la Vie de Jésus-Christ ;
Fragments poétiques ;
Itinéraire pittoresque de Vannes à Quiberon ;
Excursion à Saint-Gildas de Rhuys (vendu au profit des pauvres) ;
Itinéraire pittoresque de Vannes à Sainte Anne d'Auray ;
Fantômes bretons (1879) ;
Nouveaux fantômes bretons (1885); cet ouvrage contient les contes suivants : Le filleul de la mort, L'heureux voleur, Le géant Hok-Bras, Aventures de Iann-Houarn, La volonté de Dieu, etc. ;
Où courons-nous ? Méditations sur le temps actuel ;
Contes populaires de Bretagne ;
Contes et légendes de Basse-Bretagne (parmi les contes contenus dans cet ouvrage : Trémeur ou l'homme sans tête récit légendaire de la vie de saint Trémeur).
Commémoration
Une rue porte son nom à Guingamp (Côtes-d'Armor).
Notes et références
Bibliographie
Robert Oheix, Biographies bretonnes, M. Ernest du Laurens de la Barre dans Revue de Bretagne et de Vendée'', numéro 26, , pages 120 à 132.
Articles connexes
Famille du Laurent de la Barre
Liens externes
Monts d'Arrée
Naissance à Quimperlé
Naissance en août 1819
Décès à 62 ans
Écrivain breton
Décès en décembre 1881
Famille du Laurent de la Barre.
|
github_open_source_100_8_20040 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | package com.gokhanaliccii.flavorhunter.components.permission;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.support.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import com.gokhanaliccii.flavorhunter.util.CollectionUtil;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.WeakHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
/**
* Created by gokhan on 27/12/17.
*/
public class PermissionActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements PermissionRequester {
private static final String TAG = "BaseActivity";
private static final String ARG_PERMISSION_ID = "permission_request_id";
public static final int NONE = -1;
@VisibleForTesting
static WeakHashMap<Integer, PermissionRequest> sPermissionResponseListenerMap = new WeakHashMap<>();
@VisibleForTesting
static AtomicInteger sRequesterId = new AtomicInteger(1);
private int mCurrentPermissionRequestId;
private PermissionResponseListener mPermissionResponseListener;
public static void requestForPermission(Context context, PermissionResponseListener responseListener, String[] permissions) {
int permissionRequestId = storePermissionRequest(responseListener, permissions);
Intent permissionRequestIntent = new Intent(context, PermissionActivity.class);
permissionRequestIntent.putExtra(ARG_PERMISSION_ID, permissionRequestId);
permissionRequestIntent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK |
Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NO_ANIMATION);
context.startActivity(permissionRequestIntent);
}
private static int storePermissionRequest(PermissionResponseListener responseListener, String[] permissions) {
int newRequesterId = createNewRequesterId();
PermissionRequest newPermissionRequst = new PermissionRequest(responseListener, permissions);
sPermissionResponseListenerMap.put(newRequesterId, newPermissionRequst);
return newRequesterId;
}
private static int createNewRequesterId() {
return sRequesterId.incrementAndGet();
}
@Override
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
if (hasPermissionArg()) {// TODO: 27/12/17 refactor
mCurrentPermissionRequestId = getIntent().getIntExtra(ARG_PERMISSION_ID, NONE);
if (!hasPermissionRequestId(mCurrentPermissionRequestId)) {
onCompleted();
}
} else {
onCompleted();
}
PermissionRequest permissionRequest = sPermissionResponseListenerMap.get(mCurrentPermissionRequestId);
mPermissionResponseListener = permissionRequest.getResponseListener();
requestPermissions(mPermissionResponseListener, permissionRequest.getPermissions());
}
private boolean hasPermissionArg() {
return getIntent().hasExtra(ARG_PERMISSION_ID);
}
private boolean hasPermissionRequestId(int permissionRequestId) {
return permissionRequestId != NONE;
}
@Override
public void requestPermissions(PermissionResponseListener responseListener, String[] permissions) {
if (responseListener != null) {
if (sdkAfterMarshmallow() && hasUnGrantedPermission(permissions)) {
findAndRequestForUnGrantedPermissions(mCurrentPermissionRequestId, permissions);
} else {
responseListener.onPermissionGranted();
onCompleted();
}
}
}
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
if (hasUnGrantedPermission(permissions)) {
mPermissionResponseListener.onPermissionRejected();
} else {
mPermissionResponseListener.onPermissionGranted();
}
onCompleted();
}
private void findAndRequestForUnGrantedPermissions(int requesterId, String[] permissions) {
String[] unGrantedPermissions = findUnGrantedPermissions(permissions);
requestPermissions(unGrantedPermissions, requesterId);
}
private String[] findUnGrantedPermissions(String[] permissions) {
if (CollectionUtil.isEmpty(permissions)) {
return new String[0];
}
List<String> unGrantedPermissions = new LinkedList<>();
for (String permission : permissions) {
if (permission == null || isGrantedAlready(permission)) {
continue;
}
unGrantedPermissions.add(permission);
}
return unGrantedPermissions.toArray(new String[unGrantedPermissions.size()]);
}
private boolean isGrantedAlready(String permission) {
return checkSelfPermission(permission) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
}
private boolean hasUnGrantedPermission(String[] permissions) {
String[] unGrantedPermissions = findUnGrantedPermissions(permissions);
return CollectionUtil.hasItem(unGrantedPermissions);
}
private boolean sdkAfterMarshmallow() {
return Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M;
}
private void onCompleted() {
finish();
}
private void clearReferences() {
mPermissionResponseListener = null;
sPermissionResponseListenerMap.clear();
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
clearReferences();
super.onDestroy();
}
}
|
5664120_1 | courtlistener | Public Domain | Opinion
BOREN, P. J.
Introduction
The trial court, feeling compelled by the Indian Child Welfare Act, ordered the minor in this dependency case removed from the home of the only parents the minor knows, and transferred to a home on a Chippewa Indian reservation in Minnesota. We apply the “existing Indian family doctrine” to reverse the trial court’s placement order.
*1279Summary
In a hearing under Welfare and Institutions Code section 366.26,1 the trial court terminated parental rights and, under authority of the Indian Child Welfare Act (the ICWA or the Act) (25 U.S.C. § 1901 et seq.), ordered Santos Y. (hereinafter the Minor) removed from his foster adoptive home of his de facto parents, Arturo G. and Lucila G. (also known as Lucila C.) (hereinafter Appellants), and placed in a preadoptive home on the Grand Portage Band Reservation of the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe in Minnesota.
The Minor is a two-and-one-half-year-old, multiethnic boy bom prematurely November 25, 1998, in Los Angeles. He has lived in foster care since birth, and with Appellants since he was three months old. Appellants presently remain his caretakers, and were granted de facto parent status. The Minor regards Appellants as his parents, and the permanent plan for the Minor, issued prior to the order considered here, was that Appellants would adopt him should his parents fail to reunify.
The Minor was detained by respondent Los Angeles County, through its Department of Children and Family Services (hereinafter the Department), immediately after his birth, due to a toxicology screen positive for cocaine. A dependency petition was sustained on January 13, 1999, based on the toxicology screen, as well as a finding that the natural parents’ home was uninhabitable, littered with trash and debris, vermin-infested, and foul smelling.
The Minor’s mother is Kathleen B. (the Mother). The Minor’s declared father is Noah B. (the Father, also known as Noah Y.)2 The Mother has been separated for four years from her husband, who lives in Los Angeles. She has had an intimate relationship with Noah B. for the past three years.
Each biological parent of the Minor has some Native-American heritage, and both now reside in Oregon, where they had lived prior to coming to California, six weeks before the Minor’s birth. The parents have not appealed and are not parties to this action. The Father is of Navajo descent through a grandmother, but he is not registered with the Navajo Tribe, nor *1280does he participate in any tribal customs. The Mother is an enrolled member of the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe (the Tribe) Grand Portage Band (the Band).
The Tribe is a federally recognized Indian tribe for purposes of the ICWA,3 with headquarters at Cass Lake in North Central Minnesota. The Tribe has component reservations, and it consists of Chippewa Indians of the White Earth, Leech Lake, Fond du Lac, Bois Forte, and Grand Portage Reservations, and the Nonremoval Mille Lac Band of Chippewa Indians. (The Revised Constitution and ByLaws of the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, Minnesota, Preamble) (Minnesota Chippewa Constitution).4 The governing bodies of the Tribe are the Tribal Executive Committee and the six Reservation Business Committees. (Minn. Chippewa Const., art. III.) The Grand Portage Band Reservation (the Reservation) is located at the extreme northeastern comer of Minnesota, near that state’s juncture with Michigan and the Canadian province of Ontario, and is home to 400 to 500 people.
The court based its determination that the ICWA applied to the Minor on a June 3, 1999, letter from the Tribe to the Mother, stating that the Mother was of one-half Chippewa descent; she was enrolled in the Band; her father and grandparents had been enrolled members of the Tribe; the “Minor was eligible” under the ICWA; the Tribe would forward her letter to the Band; and the Mother should inform the Department that all notices regarding the Minor should be sent to the Tribe, to the attention of the Tribe’s director of human services in Cass Lake, Minnesota.
The Tribe had been served notice of the case on December 17, 1998, within three weeks of the Department’s having filed its initial dependency petition, and the Tribe was served regularly thereafter; it made no appearance up to and including the time that reunification services to the parents were terminated on September 21, 1999. At the September 21, 1999 hearing at which the court ordered services to the parents terminated, the court ordered the Department to contact the Tribe and to engage it in attempting to find an adoptive placement for the Minor. In December 1999, after the Tribe *1281had located the Mother’s first cousin, who had decided that it would be in the Minor’s best interest that he be adopted by Appellants, the Tribe notified the Department that it did not intend to intervene, and that the Minor should remain where he was placed.
On March 3, 2000, contrary to the Tribe’s representations, the Band petitioned in intervention, and on May 30, 2000, it asserted that the ICWA required that the Minor be placed for adoption with a Band member on the Reservation. ICWA placement preferences (25 U.S.C. § 1915(a); Cal. Rules of Court, rule 1439(k)) give priority to tribal and Native-American preadoptive and adoptive families, absent good cause not to do so.
Based on its finding that the ICWA applied to the Minor, the trial court assumed that the ICWA dictated the Minor’s placement. On May 31, 2000, the Chairman of the Grand Portage Reservation Tribal Council wrote to the court, advising that the Band had located a member interested in adopting the Minor. The court held a hearing on September 29, 2000, and October 2-3, 2000, more than 18 months after the Minor had been placed with Appellants, during which it received expert and lay testimony concerning the existence of good cause to deviate from ICWA placement preferences with respect to the Minor’s adoptive placement. Appellants and the Minor separately opposed the Band’s proposal that the Minor be removed from Appellants and placed on the Reservation. Based on a finding that the Minor did not possess extraordinary physical or emotional needs, the court declined to find good cause to depart from ICWA placement preferences, ordered the Minor removed from his home with Appellants, and ordered him placed with a prospective adoptive mother on the Reservation. Appellants appealed. We issued and dissolved a stay, granted a petition for supersedeas, and appointed counsel for the Minor. Counsel for the Minor filed a respondent’s brief in favor of reversing the order of the juvenile court.
We issued a published opinion on July 20, 2001, reversing the trial court’s opinion on two grounds: (1) unconstitutionality of the ICWA as applied, under the existing Indian family doctrine; and (2) waiver of assertion of ICWA placement preferences. On August 6, 2001, the Band filed a petition for rehearing that did not address our disposition, a reversal of the trial court ruling ordering the Minor placed on the Reservation, but requested instead, further reconsideration of the Band’s relationship to the Tribe; the Band requested either rehearing on the issue of the Band’s independent entitlement to notice of the dependency proceedings or, in the alternative, deletion of all references in the opinion concerning the Band’s separate status as an Indian tribe, waiver, and entitlement to notice under ICWA. Although no competent evidence in the trial court proved that the Band was entitled to notice *1282separate from that provided the Tribe, documents filed in support of the Band’s petition for rehearing created sufficient ambiguity that we deemed it in the interest of justice to grant rehearing and reconsider the case, notwithstanding our view that application of the doctrine of ostensible agency would compel the conclusion that assertion of ICWA placement preferences had been waived.
After reconsideration, we again reverse the trial court’s placement order, finding application of the ICWA to the Minor to be unconstitutional under the Fifth, Tenth, and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution.
Factual and Procedural Background
1. Detention Hearing (December 2, 1998)
The Minor was bom prematurely on November 25, 1998, and removed from his parents’ care due to a positive toxicology screen for cocaine. The Department filed a petition December 1, 1998, alleging that the Minor came within section 300, subdivisions (b) and (c) because he had been bom suffering from symptoms of cocaine withdrawal due to his Mother’s use, and his Father knew or should have known of the drug use, and had failed to protect him. The Mother admitted the drag use but maintained it was a recent and isolated occurrence. The Minor was ordered into foster care, and the parents were granted visitation three times a week.
The juvenile court immediately queried the parents concerning tribal associations. The Mother informed the court that she was enrolled in the Tribe. The Father stated that he was of Navajo descent through a grandmother. On December 17, 1998, the Department served, by certified mail, a “Notice of Involuntary Child Custody Proceedings Involving Indian Child” to the Navajo Tribe of Arizona/New Mexico at Window Rock, Arizona, and to the “Minnesota Chippewa Tribe” at Cass Lake, Minnesota. For the Febmary 5, 1999 hearing, the Department sent a similarly addressed notice by certified mail to the tribes.
2. Jurisdictional Hearing (January 13, 1999)
An amended dependency petition was filed January 13, 1999, adding uninhabitable home allegations to the allegations in the initial petition. The home was described as unsanitary, littered with trash and debris, foul smelling, and overran with mice and rats. The allegations of the petition, as amended, were sustained, and the court entered jurisdictional orders. A dispositional hearing was set for February 5, 1999.
*1283According to the Department’s report to the court, the Father had related that he was not registered with the Navajo tribe and did not participate in any tribal customs. The Mother informed the Department that she was a member of the Tribe, but that she had lost any documents connecting her with the Tribe when her mother had died (17 years before).
3. Dispositional Hearing (February 5, 1999)
At the February 5, 1999 dispositional hearing, the juvenile court maintained foster care placement, reunification services, and allowed the parents twice-weekly monitored visits. The court set a nonappearance progress report hearing for May 17, 1999, and calendared a “Permanent Plan Hearing” for August 6, 1999.
The Department reported that the Tribe had notified it by letter on February 2, 1999 that it had no record that either the Mother or the Minor was enrolled. On April 5, 1999, because “Neither the Chippewa Tribe nor the Navajo Nation could find any record of Santos’ parents being registered as . . . tribe members,” the Department’s ICWA Program “closed [its] file on this case. . . .” Nonetheless, notice was thereafter given to both the Chippewa and Navajo Tribes concerning scheduled hearings.
The Department reported that the Minor had been placed with Appellants on March 27, 1999, and that the concurrent plan for the Minor, as of April 15, 1999, was that Appellants would adopt him if his parents were unable to reunify. On April 15, 1999, the Department first discussed adoption with appellant Lucila C., and she had confirmed that she and her husband, Arturo, wanted to adopt the Minor.
4. Six-month Review Hearing (May 17, 1999)
In its report for the May 17, 1999 review hearing, the Department related the parents’ total noncompliance with the case plan, and their lack of progress in addressing the problems which had led to the Minor’s dependency. The parents’ contact with the Minor was reported to be infrequent, only three visits since he had been placed with Appellants.
The Department informed the court that it was improbable that the Minor could be returned to his parents’ home by the August 6, 1999 permanent plan hearing date, and that it was likely that the Minor could be placed in permanent planning for adoption by Appellants by the August 1999 date. The Department related: “The minor appears to have a special bond with his foster family. The minor is a happy and healthy child. The minor is always *1284smiling and appears to enjoy the foster mother’s love and attention. The foster parents have fallen in love with the minor and want to adopt the minor if family reunification with the parents is not successful.”
The Department’s report informed the court that on February 2, 1999, the Tribe had sent a letter to the Department stating that the Minor was not enrolled in the Tribe, but that “[t]he issues of the Indian Child Welfare Act status in this case remain unknown as the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe has yet to respond to request for further information and up date as to eligibility of the minor and or family to fall under that definition.”
At the May 17, 1999 six-month review hearing, the previous orders for suitable placement and reunification services were continued. The Department informed the court that although the Navajo tribe had sent a letter confirming “no heritage,” the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe had not responded to the Department’s request for clarification regarding the Minor’s eligibility for membership. The court stated that the Tribe needed to either say yes or no, and ordered that the parents and the Tribe be given notice for the August 6, 1999 continued six-month review hearing. On July 15, 1999, notice of the August 6, 1999 hearing was sent to the Tribe. It was sent again on July 26, 1999.
5. Six-month Review Hearing (August 6, 1999)
On August 3, 1999, the Department’s children’s social worker (CSW) received a copy of a letter from the Tribe, asserting that the ICWA applied to the Minor. The letter, dated June 3, 1999, was addressed to the Mother, and was mailed by her to the Department on July 27, 1999, seven weeks after it was written. The letter stated that the Mother’s father and grandparents were enrolled in the Tribe, that the Mother was half-degree Chippewa, that the Minor was “eligible for ICWA,” and that the Tribe would forward her letter to the Band, where she was enrolled. The Tribe’s letter to the Mother, written on the letterhead of the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe at Cass lake, Minnesota, advised her to inform the Department that it was required to send all notices regarding the Minor to “our tribe.” The letter, signed by Adrienne Adkins, Director, the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, Human Services Division, advised, “I will wait to hear from you and L.A. County.” The signator was the same person to whom the Department had sent its initial notice, and the address of the Tribe was that employed by the Department in its notices to the Tribe.5 On August 4, 1999, the Department faxed to the *1285Tribe a third notice of the August 6, 1999 hearing, accompanied by the court’s most recent minute order.
On August 6, 1999, at the hearing at which the Department had indicated that the Minor could be placed in permanent planning for adoption by Appellants, the Mother’s attorney told the court that he had a letter from the Tribe stating that the Minor was eligible for enrollment.6 The court then continued the six-month review hearing from August 6, 1999, to September 21, 1999, for a supplemental report and for a hearing contested by the Mother. Based upon the letter from the Tribe, the court found that the ICWA applied to the Minor, and ordered the Department to find a Native American home for the Minor, if possible. The Tribe did not appear.
6. Six-month Review Hearing (September 21, 1999)
The Department’s report for the September 21, 1999 hearing informed the court that the parents remained noncompliant with court-ordered treatment, that they had not visited the Minor in the past five months, and that the Department recommended that the matter be set for a hearing under section 366.26 to terminate parental rights and to select and implement a permanent plan of adoption for the Minor. The Department’s CSW reported that she had been informed by the Indian Child Welfare Services agency that no “Indian homes”7 were available as of August 10, 1999, and that the agency promised to notify the Department if a vacancy arose.
The Department’s report stated that on August 17, 1999, the CSW spoke with appellant Lucila G., informing her that the Minor was “being registered in the Chippewa Tribe” and “that the court had ordered for the Minor to be placed in a Native American home.” The CSW reported that the “foster mother wept and held Minor Santos very tight[ly] and repeatedly told the Minor how much she loved him. . . . CSW informed foster mother that there was [szc] no Native American[] homes available at the moment so for the present time Minor Santos would remain under her care. . . . Foster mother states that if the parents fail to reunify with [the Minor, Appellants] are interested in adopting the Minor and teaching the Minor about his Indian heritage as he grows.”
*1286The Department’s report included a letter dated August 17, 1999, from Lisa A. Carruthers, M.S., of “Rosemary Children’s Services.”8 The letter stated that Appellants wished to adopt the Minor, that the Minor at nine months of age was “very attached” to Appellants, that Appellants had provided the Minor “a very loving and nurturing home” and would continue to provide “a warm and loving upbringing.” The letter said that Appellants “are aware of [the Minor’s] Native American descent, and are amenable to teaching Santos about his heritage as he grows older.” The letter also related that the Minor “may have a very difficult adjustment if he is moved to another home and such a move could prove to be adverse to his emotional well-being.”
The Tribe had been sent notice of the September 21, 1999 hearing, which had stated that termination of reunification services would be sought. There was still no response or appearance by the Tribe.
The juvenile court found that return of the nine-month-old Minor to the custody of his parents would create a substantial risk of detriment to him and that reasonable reunification efforts had been provided to the parents, but that those efforts had been unsuccessful. The court found that no substantial probability existed that the Minor would be returned to the parents within six months, terminated reunification services, and scheduled a section 366.26 permanent plan hearing for January 18, 2000. The court directed the CSW to notify the Tribe that the Minor was not in an appropriate ICWA foster home, stating that the Tribe needed “to get involved right now ... so that the native tribe of the child can find an adoptive home.”
7. The Hearings for Permanency Planning
a. January 18, 2000 Hearing
For the January 18, 2000, section 366.26 permanent plan hearing, the Department recommended termination of parental rights and a permanent plan of adoption by Appellants. The Department advised that removal of the Minor from Appellants would be seriously detrimental to the Minor’s emotional well-being because of his substantial psychological ties to Appellants, and recommended that the court find that the Minor’s present placement was necessary and appropriate.
The Department’s report for the hearing stated that the Minor had adjusted well in Appellants’ home, and described the Minor “as a normal, happy, well *1287functioning child at his current foster home. Minor appears to be very bonded with his foster parents. CSW has observed the foster parents and the Minor to be emotionally bonded with each other. This is evident by the way the Minor hugs the foster parents freely. The foster parents Arturo and Lucila have provided Minor Santos with a nurturing environment that has enabled Minor to develop appropriately for his age.” The Department’s report also explained that Appellants were anxious to adopt the Minor.
The Department described Appellants as a married couple who had been together for 24 years. The report related that Arturo G. was 50 years old and employed; Lucila G. was 43 years old, and a homemaker. According to the Department, Appellants successfully raised three children of their own to adulthood, and have grandchildren. The Department’s report for the permanency plan hearing stated that Appellants “appear to be very capable parents” and that they “have provided their natural children with a loving and nurturing home environment.”
The Department’s report recommended that the natural parents not have future visits with the Minor because they had not visited regularly, and had not built a relationship with him. The report related that Minor had become upset and cried when the parents had visited for the first time in five months.
The Department’s report advised the court that following the court’s instruction to it to contact the Tribe to involve it in finding an adoptive home for the Minor, a series of telephone contacts between the Department’s CSW and the tribal social worker (TSW) for the Band had taken place. The Department reported that in a November 9, 1999 telephone conversation, the TSW related that she had discussed the Minor’s case with her supervisor who, she reported, would be setting up a meeting with Grand Portage Reservation Tribal Council members to determine what, if any, action to take with respect to the Minor. On November 11, 1999, the Grand Portage TSW informed the Department’s CSW that she did not have a response from the tribal council concerning the Minor, but would notify the CSW as soon as she knew of one. A week later, on November 18, 1999, the Grand Portage TSW informed the Department’s CSW that she had spoken with a Tribe TSW at Cass Lake, and that the Tribe had located a first cousin of the Mother, JoAnn B., who might be interested in the Minor. A month later, on December 12, 1999, the Department’s CSW received a fax from the Grand Portage TSW, which stated that JoAnn B. had decided that the Department’s plan to have Appellants adopt the Minor was in his best interests, and that JoAnn B. was adverse to uprooting the Minor from a home he had known since he was three months old, with parents who wished to adopt him. The Department’s report stated that the Grand Portage TSW had said that she *1288was certain that there were no other relatives to contact regarding the Minor, and the report referred to an attached letter from the TSW, which the court was unable to locate.9
The Tribe did not appear at the hearing. The court found that the Tribe had received notice of the hearing, and related that: “The Tribe’s information is they do not intend to intervene or transfer. They intend the child to remain exactly where he is.” The Mother requested that the matter be set for further hearing, and indicated that she would raise not only issues related to her relationship with the Minor, but also related to the Tribe, such as late notice to it.
The court queried the Department’s CSW regarding whether she had any information concerning the Tribe, and the CSW responded: “I spoke with the Tribe this morning, with the supervisor, JoAnne Lhotha, L-H-O-T-H-A. She instructed me that it’s the Tribe’s position that they’re in agreement with the child to remain where placed, that the resource they thought they had, the first cousin is not a good resource, that they don’t have any financial funds for this child or anything like that. So they’re in agreement the child should remain where placed.”
Because proper notice had not been given to the Father, a continuance of the hearing was necessary. The court ordered the Department to “obtain [an] expert letter from the Tribe” and to serve the Father, the Mother, and the Tribe with notice for the next hearing. The court continued the hearing to March 3, 2000. Notice for the March 3, 2000 hearing was sent to the Tribe.
b. March 3, 2000
On March 3, 2000, the day of the continued permanent plan hearing, the Band filed a petition to intervene and a motion to continue the hearing for 60 days to allow its counsel to review and investigate the case. The Band’s moving papers asserted that it had only “recently approved the associating of local counsel to petition to intervene in this matter,” and also claimed that it had “received delayed notice of this matter [from the Tribe] and only recently received complete information regarding the Indian mother’s circumstances.” The Band alleged that the first notice it had of the Minor’s case was the notice the Department had served on the Tribe on July 26, 1999, and that service on Tribe had delayed its actual notice. Notice was further delayed, the Band alleged, because the Tribe had to trace enrollment records to determine which of its bands was associated with the Mother’s relatives, *1289and because the Band originally had received incomplete information regarding the Mother’s circumstances and efforts at rehabilitation.
The court granted the motion to intervene, notwithstanding the fact that it was “very late,” continued the matter to April 27, 2000, and ordered the Department to provide the Band with copies of the case reports.
c. April 27, 2000
On April 27, 2000, the day of the continued section 366.26 permanent plan hearing, the Mother filed a petition pursuant to section 388 to modify the court’s previous orders, asking the court to return the Minor to her custody or reinstitute reunification services for six months. The Mother failed to appear at the hearing, having called her attorney earlier in the day to report a medical emergency. By this date, the Mother was living in Oregon, and the Minor was one year old.
The Band’s attorney told the court that the Band’s position was the Mother should “get a second chance based on the changed circumstances.” In response to queries by the court, the Department related “that the Tribe has not been able to locate a home for the child.” The court appointed Dixie Noble, Ph.D., to examine and evaluate the Minor and Appellants concerning future placement and to talk to the attorneys for the Band. Noble, a Native American, was appointed as an “Indian expert for an Indian child.” Noble was to address “[wjhether or not we can remove this child, after this amount of time, from his current home to a tribal member who’s available for adoption; what kind of trauma; and if so, then what? Is she looking at a possible transition? Is she looking at the Tribe changing its position and approving the current foster home after they get to know them?”
The court continued the matter to June 1, 2000, for a contested hearing.
d. June 1, 2000
In its report for the continued contested section 366.26 permanent plan hearing, the Department recommended that the court order the Minor to remain a dependent of the court, and that he be referred for adoption services. It also recommended that the court find that Appellants were willing and capable of providing a stable and permanent environment for the Minor, and that “removal [of the minor from Appellants] would be seriously detrimental to the emotional well-being of [the Minor] because [he] has substantial psychological ties to [Appellants].” The Department advised that *1290further visitation between the Mother and the Minor would not be detrimental to the Minor.
The Chairman of the Grand Portage Reservation Tribal Council sent a letter to the court, dated May 31, 2000, stating: “The Band will support continued efforts to reunify the mother with the child if the mother can present adequate evidence at the June 1, 2000, . . . section 388 hearing of a positive change of circumstance. . . . HD However, if the mother fails to present adequate evidence of changed circumstances, then the Band would support termination [szc] of reunification services and adoptive placement in a Band member home or Indian home. Further, the Band has now located a Band member interested in adopting this child. The Band member home is approved by the Band as an Indian foster home and [is] currently licensed by the Band for short-term and long-term foster care. The Band believes that if reunification services fail, that adoption by this Band member is in the child’s best interest.”
The Mother’s section 388 petition was to be heard immediately prior to the section 366.26 hearing. The Mother, however, withdrew her section 388 petition, which the court dismissed without prejudice, and the court continued the permanent plan hearing another 60 days, to July 26, 2000. Without elaboration, the Department informed the court that it and the Band had each located “an adoptive Indian home.”
e. July 26, 2000
On July 26, 2000, the section 366.26 permanent plan hearing, which had been continued from January 18, 2000, to March 3, 2000, to April 27, 2000, to June 1, 2000, was again on calendar.
The court had before it a letter from the Band, reporting that it had a new possible placement for the Minor. Also on calendar was Appellants’ motion for de facto parent status.
In their motion for de facto parent status, Appellants described how, when initially placed with them, the Minor had been fragile and sickly, often requiring medical attention. They related that he had had long periods of crying and difficulty breathing, and had suffered from diarrhea, sleep disturbances, and persistent coughing. They described how they had taught the Minor to walk and talk and how he had become part of their family. They declared: “We consider this child to be our child and he considers us his parents. We love Santos. Our commitment to this child is total. We want to *1291adopt Santos and finish raising him, providing him a warm, stable and permanent home.”
The trial court granted Appellants’ motion for de facto parent status.
The record indicated that Dixie Noble, Ph.D., had not yet commenced the interviews that she had been appointed on April 27, 2000, to conduct. In regard to the evaluation, counsel for Appellants informed the court: “[I]t is my clients’ deepest wish to maintain contact with the Tribe, and they are willing to travel to Minnesota to take the child there, and they wish to participate fully. . . . They recognize the value of the culture and seek only to reinforce it.”
The court continued the section 366.26 permanent plan hearing to August 31, 2000, in order to allow Noble an additional four weeks in which to conduct interviews and write her report.
f. August 31, 2000
On August 28, 2000, the Chairman of the Grand Portage Reservation Tribal Council wrote the court, advocating placement of the Minor with Jacki K., “an extended family member and Band member and resident of the Grand Portage Reservation,” and recommending the Minor’s eventual adoption by Jacki K., should the Mother’s parental rights should be terminated. The chairman’s letter stated that the Minor’s adoption by a Band family would give him the “added benefit” of helping “develop his tribal identity.” The letter enclosed an August 23, 2000 report and a home study by the TSW.
The TSW report asserted that Jacki K. was a relative of the Mother,10 and related that the TSW and the Band’s “Mental Health consultant, Dr. Mary Sa,” visited the Minor and Appellants in Los Angeles during August 2000.11 The report stated that the Minor was “a normal two year old” who “appears to be well bonded to the foster parents who appear to love and nurture him. Due to their wonderful care of him, it is our belief that he will be able to use the skills of bonding to re-bond to an adoptive family and surrounding *1292community.” The report stated that “American Indian children do best when raised in relative homes” and recommended that the Minor be adopted by “Jacki Denise K[.] who is an extended relative of Santos and a Grand Portage Band member. Reunification with his mother is not possible due to her present choices as indicated by the home study from Salem, Oregon.”
The home study of Jacki K. began: “I have known Jacki for the past four years. Jacki is an enrolled member of the Grand Portage Band of Lake Superior [sic] Chippewa Indians.” The study portrayed the proposed adoptive mother, Jacki K., as someone who considered herself “a good person,” and it described Jacki K. as “a single woman of twenty eight years old” who “lives alone in this new trailer that she has placed on her leased land on the Reservation.” The report related that Jacki K.’s 18-year-old brother and her father lived in Grand Portage.
The home study stated that Jacki K. worked full-time as the reservation’s director of education, having been promoted to that position from the reservation’s accounting department. It related that her office was located opposite the Community Center, which has a daycare center for which the Minor would be eligible. The study stated that on May 9, 2000, the TSW called Jacki K. into her office and asked her to “think about” adopting the Minor, whom the TSW described as a toddler born positive for cocaine, who had been placed in foster care at about age three months, appeared to be doing very well, and was eligible for tribal enrollment. On May 10, 2000, the following day, Jacki K. told the TSW that she had spent the evening thinking about the Minor and talking on the telephone with her mother, and that she had decided that she would like to adopt if things did not work out with the Minor’s biological mother. On June 2, 2000, when the TSW telephoned Jacki K. to ask if she were still interested in adopting the Minor, Jacki K. responded affirmatively, and told the TSW that she had received information leading her to believe she was related to the child as a third cousin to the Mother.
On August 30, 2000, the day before the scheduled continued section 366.26 permanent plan hearing, the Mother filed a second section 388 petition, seeking to modify the court’s orders. Again, the Mother sought an order for return of the Minor to her custody or, in the alternative, reinstatement of the reunification services for six months. The petition alleged: “Although late, the mother has done everything requested. She has been clean and sober for some time an[d] has done everything as reflected in the attached declarations . . . .” The attachments indicated that the Mother had completed an outpatient drug and alcohol treatment program on May 26, 2000, and was regularly attending Alcoholic Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous meetings.
*1293The court denied the Mother’s section 388 petition—in part because the Mother continued to reside in Oregon and Oregon authorities refused to approve her home.12
The court continued the section 366.26 permanent plan hearing to the next day.
g. September 1, 2000
The trial court received the report of Dixie Noble, Ph.D., the psychologist the court had appointed on April 27, 2000, four months earlier. Noble’s report recommended that the Minor “be placed in Kinship care with Jacki K. at the Tribal land in Grand Portage Minnesota.” Noble grounded this recommendation on the following: “Jacki has been carefully evaluated by Tribal authorities and has been found to be an excellent potential adoptive mother for Santos. In her care, Santos will also have the advantage of a culturally endowed environment, a true belonging, and a concerned and loving extended family. This will far outweigh any emotional traumata [sz'c] he may experience while making the adjustment.” Her report also claimed that “Santos is not now emotionally fragile. He would not be catastrophically damaged by such a shift in homes. No doubt he will experience some emotional discomfort over time. It most likely will not be severe and enduring, thanks to the firm foundation of bonding with the birth mother during pregnancy and 9 days post birth and the 18 months of excellent care provided by the Foster parents.” (Italics added.)
Noble’s report described the Minor as “a cute, olive skinned, dark-eyed, 21-month-old Chippawa [szc] boy who was well groomed and casually dressed for play. Santos appeared to understand both Spanish and English. However, Spanish is the language that he has begun to try and speak. [5D Santos was spirited, but not frenetic. ... In ... his play, Santos[’] intelligence, grasp of physical situations and emotional cues from others, his common sense, all appeared to be well within normal limits if not slightly high.”
Noble described Lucila G. as “a very pleasant, kind woman, not quite middle-aged woman who appeared to be in excellent physical health. She was slightly short by Caucasian standards but well within the normal limits *1294for her background and ethnicity. She was fully cooperative and gracious throughout the evaluation process. At the same time, she did not become so involved with others that she was not mindful of the children. [1Q Although no psychological testing was done, Lucille [sz'c] appeared to be intelligent, thoughtful without undue tension or anxiety. flQ It was clear that she has provided a warm and nurturing environment for Santos to thrive and grow with ease. She was not overly clinging and attentive with him but responded to his needs in a natural unhurried manner. Her mothering and nurturing skills are entirely appropriate and successful. All the children approach her without fear, yet with respect. [^ Although her spoken English is limited, she understands very well and can communicate effectively in the English that she does speak. Lucille [szc] is deeply attached to Santos and has fully invested herself in his care. Having made such a selfless personal investment, it is clear to see that she would feel his absence with emotional pain and loss. At the same time, as she has stated to the tribal social workers, if it is best for Santos to leave them, she would facilitate the transition in order to make it as easy as possible for Santos.”
Noble described Arturo G. as “quieter and not as outreaching as Lucille [szc], yet he was sensitive and responsive to others. HQ Because of his greater reserve, it was difficult to get to know Arturo in any depth .... He was perfectly comfortable with the children running around, trying different things, talking and excited about all visitors. Arturo appeared to be patient, steady and not easily irritated. He did not demonstrate any signs or symptoms of underlying psychopathology in his tone of voice, facial expressions, body language or demeanor. Apparently Arturo does not speak English as well as Lucille [sz'c], but the two do cooperate and get along nicely as a couple. It is my surmise that such a couple together enjoying the positive, respectful love of the children most likely give as much as they receive, if not more. Although Arturo would deeply prefer to have Santos remain in their home, he too, like Lucille [sz'c] would be willing to facilitate a transition for Santos to a new location.”
Noble interviewed Jan Gullet, the Grand Portage TSW, and the tribal mental health consultant, Mary Sa. She also spoke with the Band’s local attorney and interviewed the Mother. She did not interview Jacki K. But she states in her report: “Jacki has been carefully investigated by background checks and home studies. She is well known in the Tribal community for her good work with children and her fine character since her own childhood. Jacki is a distant relative of Kathleen; therefore, she is a blood relative to Santos. h. September 28-October 3, 2000
The section 366.26 hearing, originally scheduled for January 18, 2000, took place as rescheduled on September 28, 2000. Jacki K., the prospective adoptive mother for the Minor, was called. She testified that she had never seen the Minor before September 2000, and that she had seen him twice, once for an hour, and the second time for other for an hour and a half. She related that she first had learned of the Minor’s existence from the tribal council in May 2000, and she described the reservation and her life there.
*1296Mary Sa, a “prelicensed” psychologist and a provider of mental health services for the Grand Portage Reservation, testified briefly concerning her observations of Jacki K.’s second visit with the Minor, and related that she was available to provide mental health services, such as play therapy, to the Minor and Jacki K.
Dixie Noble, Ph.D., testified that she had conducted an evaluation of the Minor and Appellants. She had observed the Minor on three occasions in order to formulate her opinions: (1) on August 2, 2000, for a half-hour or 40 minutes, at the Rosemary Day Care Center, in the presence of the Mother and Lucila G., other foster children, and agency staff; (2) on August 13, 2000, for more than an hour, at Appellants’ home, where the Minor, other foster children, Appellants, Ms. Sa, Ms. Gullet, and two or three representatives of the Department were present; and (3) briefly in the court waiting room on August 31, 2000. In toto, Noble had spent approximately 10 minutes alone with the Minor, in an encounter during the August 13, 2000 visit.
Noble did not interview Lucila G. or Arturo G. at any time.
Noble does not speak Spanish, and the court had directed her to avail herself of the services of a Spanish-speaking social worker or someone from the interpreters’ office for interviews of Appellants in the course of her evaluation. Noble, however, had no interpreter or Spanish-speaking social worker with her during the August 2, 2000 “conjoint visit at Rosemary Child Services,” one of the two meetings with Lucila G. upon which Noble based her evaluation. During Noble’s second and final meeting with Lucila G., the August 13, 2000 visit to Appellants’ home, Ms. Sa and a social worker were available to translate. Notwithstanding the availability of translators, Noble testified that she did not interview Lucila G. during either of her two meetings with her, but that she had a few casual “conversational comments” with the de facto mother. Arturo G. was present during Noble’s August Í3, 2000 visit at Appellants’ home. This was Noble’s only meeting with the de facto father, and Noble testified that she did not speak with him.
Noble testified that because she did not observe the Minor to exhibit any problematic behavior or profound developmental disability, his best interests lie in being “moved to be with his tribe and his family.” Her view was that “transported” children, i.e., children “that [ízc] have not been kept with the Indian heritage,” “often end up very badly in adolescence.”
The Department presented as a witness clinical psychologist, Alfredo E. Crespo, Ph.D., whose report was admitted into evidence. Dr. Crespo’s report *1297related that during his interview with the Minor and Appellants, the Minor consistently referred to Appellants as “ ‘mamma’ and ‘papa.’ ” Crespo’s report observed that when Arturo G. was asked to leave the room and did so, the Minor began to cry, became “clingy,” and had to be held by his foster mother while he intermittently cried for his “papa.” Crespo decided not to try to see the Minor alone because the Minor became “clingy” with Arturo G. and “hugged him tightly while exclaiming ‘ “papa, papa.’ ”
In his summary, Crespo concluded “that Santos is attached to [Appellants] and ... he has been integrated into their lives. In my opinion the disruption of his attachment to the only family he has known will likely create intense immediate distress should the Court decide to send him to live with the Chippewa tribe’s proposed prospective adoptive mother in Minnesota. The disruption of his attachment also raises long-range risk factors that create additional concerns about his future adjustment and emotional health in the event that the Court follows Dr. Noble’s recommendations.”
Crespo also noted that the Minor’s present attachment to Appellants was insecure, probably stemming from Appellants’ own insecurities as they faced the possibly of losing the Minor. But, Crespo opined, “it is quite likely that Santosf] attachment pattern may become secure in nature should the Court decide to sanction the adoption requested by his foster parents.”
Citing certain professional authority, Crespo also presented definitions of “bonding” and “attachment” that differed from Noble’s. For Crespo, “attachment is defined as that which stems from the child and bonding as that which stems from the caretaker.” He repudiated the claim that a mother and child bond during the first few days of life.
With respect to the short-range outlook for Santos, Crespo asserted that “there is no question that the minor will be distressed by separation from the only stable and loving caregivers he has known during his life. This distress can be predicted to be additionally complicated by the prospective adoptive mother’s plan for daycare, a care-taking arrangement quite different from that to which he has become accustomed in his foster home. ... In addition, given that he has been raised in a Spanish speaking home, his attachment to his prospective adoptive Chippewa mother will be further complicated by a language barrier.”
With respect to long-range prediction, Crespo stated that “there is a great and growing body of research which suggests that disrupted attachments is [sic] associated with multiple emotional and psychological problems. The loss of a mother before age 12, for example, has been found to be a *1298predisposing factor for [depression in adult life. In my opinion, allowing the foster parents to adopt him precludes risk factors for long-term emotional problems except for those associated generally with [a]doption. However, the foster parents, the foster mother in particular, have already displayed a willingness to learn more about and respect as well as celebrate Santos’ Native American heritage.”
The Department’s CSW was called as a witness. She testified to case activity notes for May 8, 2000, which reported a conversation the Reservation TSW had had with the Department’s CSW. As paraphrased by the court, the notes related that the TSW had said she would seek a letter from the Tribe stating its position regarding the case, that she felt that the Mother should get more reunification services, and that if the Minor could not be returned to his Mother, he could be adopted by Appellants.
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github_open_source_100_8_20041 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | #version 330 core
// Pass-through vertex shader intended for GPGPU computations.
// This kind of computations are better suited for compute shaders. They are
// however not available with OpenGL 3.3.
// Vertices 2D position.
// First input buffer. Defined here, retrieved in C++ by glGetAttribLocation.
layout(location = 0) in vec2 vertexPosition2D;
// Vertex position (mandatory output).
out gl_PerVertex {
vec4 gl_Position;
};
void main() {
// Fullscreen quad has an height of 0.
gl_Position = vec4(vertexPosition2D, 0.0, 1.0);
}
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github_open_source_100_8_20042 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | // Warning! This file is autogenerated. #include <boost/text/normalize_string.hpp> #include <boost/text/utility.hpp> #include <boost/text/string_utility.hpp> #include <gtest/gtest.h> #include <algorithm> TEST(normalization, nfd_031_000) { // BAC8;BAC8;1106 116A 11AB;BAC8;1106 116A 11AB; // (뫈; 뫈; 뫈; 뫈; 뫈; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWAN { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBAC8 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBAC8 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11AB }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBAC8 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11AB }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_001) { // BAC9;BAC9;1106 116A 11AC;BAC9;1106 116A 11AC; // (뫉; 뫉; 뫉; 뫉; 뫉; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWANJ { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBAC9 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBAC9 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11AC }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBAC9 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11AC }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_002) { // BACA;BACA;1106 116A 11AD;BACA;1106 116A 11AD; // (뫊; 뫊; 뫊; 뫊; 뫊; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWANH { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBACA }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBACA }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11AD }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBACA }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11AD }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_003) { // BACB;BACB;1106 116A 11AE;BACB;1106 116A 11AE; // (뫋; 뫋; 뫋; 뫋; 뫋; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWAD { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBACB }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBACB }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11AE }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBACB }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11AE }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_004) { // BACC;BACC;1106 116A 11AF;BACC;1106 116A 11AF; // (뫌; 뫌; 뫌; 뫌; 뫌; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWAL { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBACC }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBACC }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11AF }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBACC }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11AF }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_005) { // BACD;BACD;1106 116A 11B0;BACD;1106 116A 11B0; // (뫍; 뫍; 뫍; 뫍; 뫍; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWALG { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBACD }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBACD }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11B0 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBACD }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11B0 }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_006) { // BACE;BACE;1106 116A 11B1;BACE;1106 116A 11B1; // (뫎; 뫎; 뫎; 뫎; 뫎; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWALM { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBACE }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBACE }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11B1 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBACE }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11B1 }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_007) { // BACF;BACF;1106 116A 11B2;BACF;1106 116A 11B2; // (뫏; 뫏; 뫏; 뫏; 뫏; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWALB { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBACF }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBACF }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11B2 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBACF }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11B2 }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_008) { // BAD0;BAD0;1106 116A 11B3;BAD0;1106 116A 11B3; // (뫐; 뫐; 뫐; 뫐; 뫐; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWALS { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBAD0 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBAD0 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11B3 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBAD0 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11B3 }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_009) { // BAD1;BAD1;1106 116A 11B4;BAD1;1106 116A 11B4; // (뫑; 뫑; 뫑; 뫑; 뫑; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWALT { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBAD1 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBAD1 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11B4 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBAD1 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11B4 }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_010) { // BAD2;BAD2;1106 116A 11B5;BAD2;1106 116A 11B5; // (뫒; 뫒; 뫒; 뫒; 뫒; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWALP { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBAD2 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBAD2 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11B5 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBAD2 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11B5 }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_011) { // BAD3;BAD3;1106 116A 11B6;BAD3;1106 116A 11B6; // (뫓; 뫓; 뫓; 뫓; 뫓; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWALH { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBAD3 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBAD3 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11B6 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBAD3 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11B6 }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_012) { // BAD4;BAD4;1106 116A 11B7;BAD4;1106 116A 11B7; // (뫔; 뫔; 뫔; 뫔; 뫔; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWAM { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBAD4 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBAD4 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11B7 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBAD4 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11B7 }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_013) { // BAD5;BAD5;1106 116A 11B8;BAD5;1106 116A 11B8; // (뫕; 뫕; 뫕; 뫕; 뫕; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWAB { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBAD5 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBAD5 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11B8 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBAD5 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11B8 }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_014) { // BAD6;BAD6;1106 116A 11B9;BAD6;1106 116A 11B9; // (뫖; 뫖; 뫖; 뫖; 뫖; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWABS { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBAD6 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBAD6 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11B9 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBAD6 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11B9 }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_015) { // BAD7;BAD7;1106 116A 11BA;BAD7;1106 116A 11BA; // (뫗; 뫗; 뫗; 뫗; 뫗; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWAS { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBAD7 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBAD7 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11BA }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBAD7 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11BA }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_016) { // BAD8;BAD8;1106 116A 11BB;BAD8;1106 116A 11BB; // (뫘; 뫘; 뫘; 뫘; 뫘; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWASS { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBAD8 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBAD8 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11BB }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBAD8 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11BB }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_017) { // BAD9;BAD9;1106 116A 11BC;BAD9;1106 116A 11BC; // (뫙; 뫙; 뫙; 뫙; 뫙; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWANG { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBAD9 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBAD9 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11BC }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBAD9 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11BC }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_018) { // BADA;BADA;1106 116A 11BD;BADA;1106 116A 11BD; // (뫚; 뫚; 뫚; 뫚; 뫚; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWAJ { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBADA }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBADA }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11BD }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBADA }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11BD }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_019) { // BADB;BADB;1106 116A 11BE;BADB;1106 116A 11BE; // (뫛; 뫛; 뫛; 뫛; 뫛; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWAC { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBADB }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBADB }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11BE }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBADB }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11BE }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_020) { // BADC;BADC;1106 116A 11BF;BADC;1106 116A 11BF; // (뫜; 뫜; 뫜; 뫜; 뫜; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWAK { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBADC }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBADC }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11BF }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBADC }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11BF }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_021) { // BADD;BADD;1106 116A 11C0;BADD;1106 116A 11C0; // (뫝; 뫝; 뫝; 뫝; 뫝; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWAT { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBADD }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBADD }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11C0 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBADD }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11C0 }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_022) { // BADE;BADE;1106 116A 11C1;BADE;1106 116A 11C1; // (뫞; 뫞; 뫞; 뫞; 뫞; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWAP { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBADE }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBADE }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11C1 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBADE }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11C1 }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_023) { // BADF;BADF;1106 116A 11C2;BADF;1106 116A 11C2; // (뫟; 뫟; 뫟; 뫟; 뫟; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWAH { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBADF }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBADF }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11C2 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBADF }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116A, 0x11C2 }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_024) { // BAE0;BAE0;1106 116B;BAE0;1106 116B; // (뫠; 뫠; 뫠; 뫠; 뫠; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWAE { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBAE0 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBAE0 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 2> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBAE0 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 2> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_025) { // BAE1;BAE1;1106 116B 11A8;BAE1;1106 116B 11A8; // (뫡; 뫡; 뫡; 뫡; 뫡; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWAEG { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBAE1 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBAE1 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11A8 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBAE1 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11A8 }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_026) { // BAE2;BAE2;1106 116B 11A9;BAE2;1106 116B 11A9; // (뫢; 뫢; 뫢; 뫢; 뫢; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWAEGG { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBAE2 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBAE2 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11A9 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBAE2 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11A9 }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_027) { // BAE3;BAE3;1106 116B 11AA;BAE3;1106 116B 11AA; // (뫣; 뫣; 뫣; 뫣; 뫣; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWAEGS { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBAE3 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBAE3 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11AA }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBAE3 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11AA }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_028) { // BAE4;BAE4;1106 116B 11AB;BAE4;1106 116B 11AB; // (뫤; 뫤; 뫤; 뫤; 뫤; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWAEN { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBAE4 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBAE4 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11AB }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBAE4 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11AB }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_029) { // BAE5;BAE5;1106 116B 11AC;BAE5;1106 116B 11AC; // (뫥; 뫥; 뫥; 뫥; 뫥; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWAENJ { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBAE5 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBAE5 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11AC }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBAE5 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11AC }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_030) { // BAE6;BAE6;1106 116B 11AD;BAE6;1106 116B 11AD; // (뫦; 뫦; 뫦; 뫦; 뫦; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWAENH { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBAE6 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBAE6 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11AD }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBAE6 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11AD }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_031) { // BAE7;BAE7;1106 116B 11AE;BAE7;1106 116B 11AE; // (뫧; 뫧; 뫧; 뫧; 뫧; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWAED { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBAE7 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBAE7 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11AE }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBAE7 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11AE }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_032) { // BAE8;BAE8;1106 116B 11AF;BAE8;1106 116B 11AF; // (뫨; 뫨; 뫨; 뫨; 뫨; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWAEL { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBAE8 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBAE8 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11AF }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBAE8 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11AF }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_033) { // BAE9;BAE9;1106 116B 11B0;BAE9;1106 116B 11B0; // (뫩; 뫩; 뫩; 뫩; 뫩; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWAELG { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBAE9 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBAE9 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11B0 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBAE9 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11B0 }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_034) { // BAEA;BAEA;1106 116B 11B1;BAEA;1106 116B 11B1; // (뫪; 뫪; 뫪; 뫪; 뫪; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWAELM { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBAEA }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBAEA }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11B1 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBAEA }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11B1 }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_035) { // BAEB;BAEB;1106 116B 11B2;BAEB;1106 116B 11B2; // (뫫; 뫫; 뫫; 뫫; 뫫; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWAELB { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBAEB }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBAEB }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11B2 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBAEB }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11B2 }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_036) { // BAEC;BAEC;1106 116B 11B3;BAEC;1106 116B 11B3; // (뫬; 뫬; 뫬; 뫬; 뫬; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWAELS { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBAEC }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBAEC }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11B3 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBAEC }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11B3 }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_037) { // BAED;BAED;1106 116B 11B4;BAED;1106 116B 11B4; // (뫭; 뫭; 뫭; 뫭; 뫭; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWAELT { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBAED }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBAED }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11B4 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBAED }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11B4 }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_038) { // BAEE;BAEE;1106 116B 11B5;BAEE;1106 116B 11B5; // (뫮; 뫮; 뫮; 뫮; 뫮; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWAELP { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBAEE }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBAEE }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11B5 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBAEE }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11B5 }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_039) { // BAEF;BAEF;1106 116B 11B6;BAEF;1106 116B 11B6; // (뫯; 뫯; 뫯; 뫯; 뫯; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWAELH { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBAEF }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBAEF }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11B6 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBAEF }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11B6 }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_040) { // BAF0;BAF0;1106 116B 11B7;BAF0;1106 116B 11B7; // (뫰; 뫰; 뫰; 뫰; 뫰; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWAEM { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBAF0 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBAF0 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11B7 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBAF0 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11B7 }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_041) { // BAF1;BAF1;1106 116B 11B8;BAF1;1106 116B 11B8; // (뫱; 뫱; 뫱; 뫱; 뫱; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWAEB { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBAF1 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBAF1 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11B8 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBAF1 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11B8 }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_042) { // BAF2;BAF2;1106 116B 11B9;BAF2;1106 116B 11B9; // (뫲; 뫲; 뫲; 뫲; 뫲; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWAEBS { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBAF2 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBAF2 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11B9 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBAF2 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11B9 }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_043) { // BAF3;BAF3;1106 116B 11BA;BAF3;1106 116B 11BA; // (뫳; 뫳; 뫳; 뫳; 뫳; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWAES { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBAF3 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBAF3 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11BA }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBAF3 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11BA }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_044) { // BAF4;BAF4;1106 116B 11BB;BAF4;1106 116B 11BB; // (뫴; 뫴; 뫴; 뫴; 뫴; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWAESS { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBAF4 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBAF4 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11BB }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBAF4 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11BB }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_045) { // BAF5;BAF5;1106 116B 11BC;BAF5;1106 116B 11BC; // (뫵; 뫵; 뫵; 뫵; 뫵; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWAENG { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBAF5 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBAF5 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11BC }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBAF5 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11BC }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_046) { // BAF6;BAF6;1106 116B 11BD;BAF6;1106 116B 11BD; // (뫶; 뫶; 뫶; 뫶; 뫶; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWAEJ { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBAF6 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBAF6 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11BD }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBAF6 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11BD }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_047) { // BAF7;BAF7;1106 116B 11BE;BAF7;1106 116B 11BE; // (뫷; 뫷; 뫷; 뫷; 뫷; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWAEC { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBAF7 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBAF7 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11BE }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBAF7 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11BE }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_048) { // BAF8;BAF8;1106 116B 11BF;BAF8;1106 116B 11BF; // (뫸; 뫸; 뫸; 뫸; 뫸; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWAEK { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBAF8 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBAF8 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11BF }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBAF8 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11BF }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_049) { // BAF9;BAF9;1106 116B 11C0;BAF9;1106 116B 11C0; // (뫹; 뫹; 뫹; 뫹; 뫹; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWAET { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBAF9 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBAF9 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11C0 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBAF9 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11C0 }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_050) { // BAFA;BAFA;1106 116B 11C1;BAFA;1106 116B 11C1; // (뫺; 뫺; 뫺; 뫺; 뫺; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWAEP { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBAFA }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBAFA }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11C1 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBAFA }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11C1 }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_051) { // BAFB;BAFB;1106 116B 11C2;BAFB;1106 116B 11C2; // (뫻; 뫻; 뫻; 뫻; 뫻; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MWAEH { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBAFB }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBAFB }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11C2 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBAFB }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116B, 0x11C2 }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_052) { // BAFC;BAFC;1106 116C;BAFC;1106 116C; // (뫼; 뫼; 뫼; 뫼; 뫼; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MOE { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBAFC }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBAFC }}; std::array<uint32_t, 2> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116C }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBAFC }}; std::array<uint32_t, 2> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116C }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_053) { // BAFD;BAFD;1106 116C 11A8;BAFD;1106 116C 11A8; // (뫽; 뫽; 뫽; 뫽; 뫽; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MOEG { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBAFD }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBAFD }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116C, 0x11A8 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBAFD }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116C, 0x11A8 }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_054) { // BAFE;BAFE;1106 116C 11A9;BAFE;1106 116C 11A9; // (뫾; 뫾; 뫾; 뫾; 뫾; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MOEGG { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBAFE }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBAFE }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116C, 0x11A9 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBAFE }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116C, 0x11A9 }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_055) { // BAFF;BAFF;1106 116C 11AA;BAFF;1106 116C 11AA; // (뫿; 뫿; 뫿; 뫿; 뫿; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MOEGS { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBAFF }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBAFF }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116C, 0x11AA }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBAFF }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116C, 0x11AA }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_056) { // BB00;BB00;1106 116C 11AB;BB00;1106 116C 11AB; // (묀; 묀; 묀; 묀; 묀; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MOEN { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBB00 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBB00 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116C, 0x11AB }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBB00 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116C, 0x11AB }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_057) { // BB01;BB01;1106 116C 11AC;BB01;1106 116C 11AC; // (묁; 묁; 묁; 묁; 묁; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MOENJ { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBB01 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBB01 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116C, 0x11AC }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBB01 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116C, 0x11AC }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_058) { // BB02;BB02;1106 116C 11AD;BB02;1106 116C 11AD; // (묂; 묂; 묂; 묂; 묂; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MOENH { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBB02 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBB02 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116C, 0x11AD }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBB02 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116C, 0x11AD }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_059) { // BB03;BB03;1106 116C 11AE;BB03;1106 116C 11AE; // (묃; 묃; 묃; 묃; 묃; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MOED { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBB03 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBB03 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116C, 0x11AE }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBB03 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116C, 0x11AE }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_060) { // BB04;BB04;1106 116C 11AF;BB04;1106 116C 11AF; // (묄; 묄; 묄; 묄; 묄; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MOEL { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBB04 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBB04 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116C, 0x11AF }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBB04 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116C, 0x11AF }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_061) { // BB05;BB05;1106 116C 11B0;BB05;1106 116C 11B0; // (묅; 묅; 묅; 묅; 묅; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MOELG { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBB05 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBB05 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116C, 0x11B0 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBB05 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116C, 0x11B0 }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_062) { // BB06;BB06;1106 116C 11B1;BB06;1106 116C 11B1; // (묆; 묆; 묆; 묆; 묆; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MOELM { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBB06 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBB06 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116C, 0x11B1 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBB06 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116C, 0x11B1 }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_063) { // BB07;BB07;1106 116C 11B2;BB07;1106 116C 11B2; // (묇; 묇; 묇; 묇; 묇; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MOELB { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBB07 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBB07 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116C, 0x11B2 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBB07 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116C, 0x11B2 }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_064) { // BB08;BB08;1106 116C 11B3;BB08;1106 116C 11B3; // (묈; 묈; 묈; 묈; 묈; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MOELS { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBB08 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBB08 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116C, 0x11B3 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBB08 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116C, 0x11B3 }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_065) { // BB09;BB09;1106 116C 11B4;BB09;1106 116C 11B4; // (묉; 묉; 묉; 묉; 묉; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MOELT { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBB09 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBB09 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116C, 0x11B4 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBB09 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116C, 0x11B4 }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_066) { // BB0A;BB0A;1106 116C 11B5;BB0A;1106 116C 11B5; // (묊; 묊; 묊; 묊; 묊; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MOELP { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBB0A }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBB0A }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116C, 0x11B5 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBB0A }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116C, 0x11B5 }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_067) { // BB0B;BB0B;1106 116C 11B6;BB0B;1106 116C 11B6; // (묋; 묋; 묋; 묋; 묋; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MOELH { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBB0B }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBB0B }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116C, 0x11B6 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBB0B }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116C, 0x11B6 }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_068) { // BB0C;BB0C;1106 116C 11B7;BB0C;1106 116C 11B7; // (묌; 묌; 묌; 묌; 묌; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MOEM { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBB0C }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBB0C }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116C, 0x11B7 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBB0C }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116C, 0x11B7 }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_069) { // BB0D;BB0D;1106 116C 11B8;BB0D;1106 116C 11B8; // (묍; 묍; 묍; 묍; 묍; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MOEB { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBB0D }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBB0D }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116C, 0x11B8 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBB0D }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116C, 0x11B8 }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_070) { // BB0E;BB0E;1106 116C 11B9;BB0E;1106 116C 11B9; // (묎; 묎; 묎; 묎; 묎; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MOEBS { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBB0E }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBB0E }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116C, 0x11B9 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBB0E }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116C, 0x11B9 }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_071) { // BB0F;BB0F;1106 116C 11BA;BB0F;1106 116C 11BA; // (묏; 묏; 묏; 묏; 묏; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MOES { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBB0F }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBB0F }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116C, 0x11BA }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBB0F }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116C, 0x11BA }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_072) { // BB10;BB10;1106 116C 11BB;BB10;1106 116C 11BB; // (묐; 묐; 묐; 묐; 묐; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MOESS { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBB10 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBB10 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116C, 0x11BB }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBB10 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116C, 0x11BB }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_073) { // BB11;BB11;1106 116C 11BC;BB11;1106 116C 11BC; // (묑; 묑; 묑; 묑; 묑; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MOENG { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBB11 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBB11 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116C, 0x11BC }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBB11 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116C, 0x11BC }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } } } TEST(normalization, nfd_031_074) { // BB12;BB12;1106 116C 11BD;BB12;1106 116C 11BD; // (묒; 묒; 묒; 묒; 묒; ) HANGUL SYLLABLE MOEJ { std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c1 = {{ 0xBB12 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c2 = {{ 0xBB12 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c3 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116C, 0x11BD }}; std::array<uint32_t, 1> const c4 = {{ 0xBB12 }}; std::array<uint32_t, 3> const c5 = {{ 0x1106, 0x116C, 0x11BD }}; EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c2.begin(), c2.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c3.begin(), c3.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkc(c4.begin(), c4.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); EXPECT_TRUE(boost::text::normalized_nfkd(c5.begin(), c5.end())); { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c1.begin(), c1.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c2.begin(), c2.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c3.begin(), c3.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c3.size()); auto c3_it = c3.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c3_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c3_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c4.begin(), c4.end()); boost::text::normalize_to_nfd(str); boost::text::utf32_range utf32_range(str); EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(utf32_range.begin(), utf32_range.end()), (std::ptrdiff_t)c5.size()); auto c5_it = c5.begin(); int i = 0; for (auto x : utf32_range) { EXPECT_EQ(x, *c5_it) << "iteration " << i; ++c5_it; ++i; } } { boost::text::string str = boost::text::to_string(c5.begin(), c5.end()); |
US-79612807-A_1 | USPTO | Public Domain | Systems and methods for creating customized endovascular stents and stent grafts
ABSTRACT
A system and method are provided for making a customized stent or stent graft, including the steps of obtaining a digital image of the endoluminal shape of an artery or the blood flow channel of an aneurysm, processing the obtained image to create a three dimensional model of the shape or channel, and fabricating a scaffold around the model such that the scaffold substantially conforms to the model.
STATEMENT OF RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional PatentApplication Ser. No. 60/795,779, filed Apr. 28, 2006, entitled “Methodsfor Creating Customized Endovascular Stents and Stent Grafts,” which isincorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
BACKGROUND
Endovascular grafts are tubular structures used to prop open and restoreblood flow in arteries. In the case of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)grafts they can prevent the rupture of the aneurysms. Stents and stentgrafts may also be placed near or across the opening of intracranialaneurysms to redirect or reduce blood flow and flow streams into thesaccular aneurysm. The stents may also be used to keep occlusion coilsfrom extending into the parent vessel.
One problem with current endovascular grafts and stents is a lack ofconformation with the lumen of the vessel into which they are placed.Vessels may be curved, or tortuous, bifurcated, and can have changingdiameter. Current stents and grafts differ in their flexibility andability to conform to the vessel anatomy. This can lead to severalproblems.
In the case of AAA endoluminal grafts, leakage of blood between thevessel wall and the graft is relatively common and can lead to death orrequire surgical repair. In addition, it the distance between the renalartery branches from the aorta to the aneurysm may vary and typicalstent grafts may occlude these arteries if the stent is too long.Alternatively, the stent may not be secured well if the distance is veryshort. Customized stents may resolve this issue.
Coronary stents are often coated with drugs to inhibit re-stenosis ofthe vessel. Delivery of drug into the endovascular tissue is governed bythe contact of the stent with the vessel wall and poorconformation/contact can lead to poor drug delivery. Overexpansion ofthe graft or stent during deployment is sometimes used to improveconformation and contact to the anatomy of the vessel, and this candamage the vessel and induce the processes that lead to restonosis.Lastly, vessels, such as those in the brain, are fragile and may tear ordissect when rigid non-conforming stents are placed and/or overexpanded.It would therefore be desirable to have a stent or endovascular graftthat can be fabricated to conform to the specific anatomy of anindividual patient.
Stents and stent grafts (also known as endografts) are fabricated toexpand from a small diameter to a large diameter through aself-expansion design or through balloon deployment. Currently manystents are fabricated by laser from a hollow thin walled tube ofnitinol. A lattice like pattern is cut into the tube which allows thetube to be expanded. Similar patterns may be photo etched into thinsheets of metal. Wire braids may be employed or wire bending techniques.Typically different diameter devices are made; however, these devicesare not made to conform to an individual patient's vascular anatomy.
SUMMARY
In one aspect, the invention is directed to a method for making acustomized stent or stent graft, including the steps of: obtaining adigital image of the endoluminal shape of an artery or the blood flowchannel of an aneurysm; processing the obtained image to create a threedimensional model of the shape or channel; and fabricating a scaffoldaround the model such that the scaffold substantially conforms to themodel.
Implementations of the method may include one or more of the following.The digital image may be three-dimensional, and the three-dimensionalmodel may be created by stereolithography. The scaffold may be a wirescaffold. The processing may include etching, and the scaffold mayfurther be sterilized. The scaffold may be formed in a braided patternor a V-shaped pattern. The scaffold may be a helix, where the helix isformed by a wire, such as a flat or round wire. The scaffold may bedrug-coated, and a graft material such as nylon, Teflon®, or Gore-Tex®may form this graft material. A hole may be etched into the scaffold,such as to contain a drug. Struts or hooks may be mounted to thescaffold. The scaffold may be created in a modular fashion where themodules are connected together into a unitary component prior to orduring installation in a patient.
In another aspect, the invention is directed towards a stent graft orstent created by the above process. In a further aspect, the inventionis directed towards a computer-readable medium containing instructionsfor causing a computer to implement the above method.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 illustrates a flowchart of a method for fabricating custom stentsor stent grafts, in particular for an AAA.
FIG. 2 illustrates a three-dimensional model with different collapsiblescaffolding configurations.
FIG. 3 illustrates a pattern to create a continuous V-shaped scaffold.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
A flowchart is shown in FIG. 1 for a customized endovascular stent orgraft fabrication method, and FIG. 2 shows how the parts are disposed inthe region 20 of an AAA. Area 38 indicates the region below the renalarteries for which a customized stent is to be constructed. Hole 39indicates a hole for a contralateral or a branch vessel.
Imaging modalities such as CT scanning and MRI can be used (step 12) tocreate three dimensional constructions of a patient's vascular anatomy.It is common for patients with AAA to have CT or MRI scans, which can bethree dimensionally constructed. The three dimensional constructioncreates an image (step 14) of the blood flow channel 32 through theabdominal aneurysm and the bifurcation 34 of the abdominal aorta distalto the aneurysm. If the aneurysm extends below the bifurcation, theblood flow channel through this portion can also be created. Forcoronary vessels or cranial vessels, three dimensional imaging can beused to create a three dimensional picture of the endoluminal arterialshape. The images may be sent by the ordering physician (step 16) as adigital file over a computer network to a central fabrication center.The images received by the fabrication center can be digitally slicedinto many layers (e.g., 10 layers per millimeter). The digitally slicedimage or otherwise processed image (step 18) can be transferred to astereolithography machine or other three dimensional printing devices tocreate a three dimensional model of the blood flow channel orendoluminal shape (step 20).
There are several different types of stereolithography or threedimensional printing. In general, a liquid or semiliquid material ishardened layer by layer. The process that initiates the hardeningcontrols the shape of each layer. One type of stereolithography uses aliquid polymer that is hardened when irradiated with a UV laser. Eachlayer of the digitally sliced image is built up as the laser irradiatesthe surface of the polymer. A computer controls the laser and build upof each layer from the digital file.
Once a three dimensional model is created of the aneurysmal blood flowchannel or endoluminal shape, a customized stent or wire scaffolding canbe fabricated around the model (step 22). Because the three dimensionalendoluminal model represents the shape of the endoluminal stent orstent/graft in the expanded state, methods of fabrication of thescaffolding should allow the stent to be collapsed or reduced indiameter. Preferably, the endoluminal stent or stent/graft can bemounted in or on a catheter for transarterial endovascular placement.Alternatively the customized stent and stent grafts may be placedsurgically.
One method to create a custom device is to use a braiding machine thatcan lay down a flat or round wire braid which can conform to the uniqueshape of the three dimensional model. A criss-crossed braided patternmay be used. The number of crosses per inch, and the thickness of thewires, can determine the stiffness of the stent or graft. This patternof the braid and wire size could be varied along the length of the modelto provide varying stiffness and flexibility. Helical windings of flator round wire may also be used. A representative braided system isindicated in FIG. 2 as braid 35. A representative helical system isindicated in FIG. 2 as helix 41.
Referring to FIG. 3, the wire may be formed into “V” shaped pattern 36that may also be used to encircle the model and create a stent or stentgraft. Many configurations of building a collapsible scaffolding aroundthe three dimensional endoluminal model may be employed and are known tothose skilled in the art. Representative wire materials may includestainless steel, chromium-cobalt, nickel-titanium, and polymers. Nickeltitanium may be a preferable material choice as it can be heat set tobetter retain the shape of the model. Other methods for creating thescaffolding are to coat the model with metal through a sputter processor electro-deposition process or foil wrap. The metallized model maythen be laser etched to the desired scaffolding shape. After creatingthe wire scaffolding around the model, the model can be dissolved,machined, etched away, or otherwise removed, leaving the scaffolding(step 24).
Post-processing may then occur (step 26). After creating the wirescaffolding, graft materials such as nylon, Teflon, or Gore-Tex may besewn or attached to the wire scaffolding or braid. The finished productmay also be drug coated. Drug coating may be performed by absorbing oradsorbing the drug onto the graft material. Alternatively, a polymercould be used to coat the metal scaffolding which may be thenimpregnated with drug. Holes may also be etched into regions of thescaffolding that can serve as drug reservoirs. The ends of the graph mayhave a ring of outward facing retention struts or hooks to help securethe device to the arterial wall.
The custom stent graft may then be packaged into a delivery catheter forendovascular placement. One design is a hollow guiding catheter intowhich the stent graft is placed to retain the custom device in acollapsed state. The device may then be sterilized and packaged (step28) and return to the ordering physician for placement (step 32).
Three dimensional models of saccular aneurysms in the brain may also becreated through the same process as above. The model may be dipped in apolymer to create a balloon like structure. The balloon may be foldedinto a catheter device for delivery. When the catheter is placed in thesaccular aneurysm, the balloon device may be inflated with apolymerizable liquid polymer to exclude the aneurysm from the bloodflow.
While the invention has been described with respect to certainembodiments, it should be clear to one of ordinary skill in the art,given this teaching that the invention is much broader than theembodiments shown. For example, while the system has been described inthe context of the construction of an entire system, the system may bebuilt in a modular way as well. In this case, following the modularconstruction, the modules or modular parts may be put together prior toor during installation. Accordingly, the description represents some,but not all, representations, and therefore the scope of this inventionis to be limited only by the claims appended to this description.
1. A method for making a customized stent or stent graft, comprising thesteps of: a. obtaining a digital image of the endoluminal shape of anartery or the blood flow channel of an aneurysm; b. processing theobtained image to create a three dimensional model of the shape orchannel; and c. fabricating a scaffold around the model such that thescaffold substantially conforms to the model.
2. The method of claim 1,wherein the digital image is three-dimensional.
3. The method of claim1, wherein the three-dimensional model is created by stereolithography.4. The method of claim 1, wherein the scaffold is a wire scaffold. 5.The method of claim 1, wherein the processing includes etching.
6. Themethod of claim 1, further comprising sterilizing the scaffold.
7. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the scaffold is formed in a braided pattern.8. The method of claim 1, wherein the scaffold is formed in a V-shapedpattern.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the scaffold is a helix. 10.The method of claim 9, wherein the helix is formed with a wire.
11. Themethod of claim 10, wherein the wire is flat or round.
12. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising drug-coating the scaffold.
13. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising attaching a graft material to the scaffold.14. The method of claim 13, wherein the graft material is selected fromthe group consisting of: nylon, Teflon®, and Gore-Tex®, or combinationsthereof.
15. The method of claim 1, further comprising etching at leastone hole into the scaffold.
16. The method of claim 15, furthercomprising placing a drug in the hole.
17. The method of claim 1,further comprising mounting struts or hooks to the scaffold.
18. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the scaffold is created in a modular fashionand the modules are connected together into a unitary component prior toor during installation in a patient.
19. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising installing the stent or stent graft while the scaffold isdisposed on a catheter and, when the scaffold is in an installationlocation, expanding the scaffold such that the scaffold has a largerdiameter.
20. A stent graft or stent created by the process of claim 1.21. A computer-readable medium containing instructions for causing acomputer to implement the method of claim 1..
|
5936884_1 | courtlistener | Public Domain | Judgment, Supreme Court, New York County (James J. Leff, J.), rendered January 17, 1990, convicting defendant, after a jury trial, of attempted murder in the second degree , and assault in the first degree, and sentencing him to concurrent indeterminate terms of imprisonment of from ten to twenty years and from seven and one-half to fifteen years, respectively, unanimously reversed, on the law, and the matter remanded for a new trial.
The charges against defendant arose from his stabbing of Roberto Sealey during an argument outside of Grand Central Terminal, where Sealey worked as a shoeshiner. Defendant testified that in the fifteen-minute period immediately preceding the stabbing he had drunk "forty ounces of a boilermaker”, which he described as a mixture of Bacardi rum and beer, and that he was "high” when the incident occurred. We think that, notwithstanding the absence of testimony regarding objective indicia of intoxication, e.g. slurred speech and a lack of balance, this testimony constituted " 'sufficient evidence of intoxication * * * for a reasonable person to entertain a doubt as to the element of intent on that basis’ ” (People v Rodriguez, 76 NY2d 918, 920), and that, accordingly, defendant’s request to charge intoxication should have been granted.
To the extent that such a charge would have been inconsis*263tent with the proffered defense of justification, "a defendant’s entitlement to a charge on a claimed defense is not defeated solely by reason of its inconsistency with some other defense raised”. (People v Butts, 72 NY2d 746, 748.)
We have considered defendant’s remaining arguments and find them to be without merit. Concur—Sullivan, J. P., Rosenberger, Wallach, Asch and Kassal, JJ.
|
github_open_source_100_8_20043 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | package com.kohlschutter.junixsocket.cross;
/**
* Just a placeholder class to keep Maven happy.
*
* We would like to make junixsocket-cross a POM-only artifact, but that is blocked on MCOMPILER-360.
*/
public final class JUnixSocketCross {
private JUnixSocketCross() {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException("No instances");
}
}
|
6977929_1 | Wikipedia | CC-By-SA | O acesso à informação é a possibilidade de buscar, obter e difundir informações produzidas ou custodiadas por órgãos públicos e outras instituições submetidas a essa obrigação legal, desde que não sejam informações protegidas por exceções previstas na legislação. As informações podem estar em qualquer formato ou meio, como documentos, bases de dados e outras mídias.
A noção de acesso à informação é frequentemente apresentada como um princípio estruturante de sociedades democráticas e como um instrumento que deve ser assegurado pela Administração Pública para viabilizar a luta contra a corrupção, a participação social e o acesso à justiça. Também pode ser compreendido como um direito fundamental, por vezes chamado de liberdade de informação ou o "direito de saber", sendo parte integrante do direito humano à liberdade de expressão.
Ver também
Lei de Acesso à Informação
Liberdade de expressão
Democracia
Direitos.
|
github_open_source_100_8_20044 | Github OpenSource | Various open source |
package com.commercetools.api.predicates.query.common;
import java.util.function.Function;
import com.commercetools.api.predicates.query.*;
public class QueryPriceQueryBuilderDsl {
public QueryPriceQueryBuilderDsl() {
}
public static QueryPriceQueryBuilderDsl of() {
return new QueryPriceQueryBuilderDsl();
}
public StringComparisonPredicateBuilder<QueryPriceQueryBuilderDsl> id() {
return new StringComparisonPredicateBuilder<>(BinaryQueryPredicate.of().left(new ConstantQueryPredicate("id")),
p -> new CombinationQueryPredicate<>(p, QueryPriceQueryBuilderDsl::of));
}
public CombinationQueryPredicate<QueryPriceQueryBuilderDsl> value(
Function<com.commercetools.api.predicates.query.common.MoneyQueryBuilderDsl, CombinationQueryPredicate<com.commercetools.api.predicates.query.common.MoneyQueryBuilderDsl>> fn) {
return new CombinationQueryPredicate<>(
ContainerQueryPredicate.of()
.parent(ConstantQueryPredicate.of().constant("value"))
.inner(fn.apply(com.commercetools.api.predicates.query.common.MoneyQueryBuilderDsl.of())),
QueryPriceQueryBuilderDsl::of);
}
public StringComparisonPredicateBuilder<QueryPriceQueryBuilderDsl> country() {
return new StringComparisonPredicateBuilder<>(
BinaryQueryPredicate.of().left(new ConstantQueryPredicate("country")),
p -> new CombinationQueryPredicate<>(p, QueryPriceQueryBuilderDsl::of));
}
public CombinationQueryPredicate<QueryPriceQueryBuilderDsl> customerGroup(
Function<com.commercetools.api.predicates.query.customer_group.CustomerGroupReferenceQueryBuilderDsl, CombinationQueryPredicate<com.commercetools.api.predicates.query.customer_group.CustomerGroupReferenceQueryBuilderDsl>> fn) {
return new CombinationQueryPredicate<>(ContainerQueryPredicate.of()
.parent(ConstantQueryPredicate.of().constant("customerGroup"))
.inner(fn.apply(
com.commercetools.api.predicates.query.customer_group.CustomerGroupReferenceQueryBuilderDsl.of())),
QueryPriceQueryBuilderDsl::of);
}
public CombinationQueryPredicate<QueryPriceQueryBuilderDsl> channel(
Function<com.commercetools.api.predicates.query.channel.ChannelReferenceQueryBuilderDsl, CombinationQueryPredicate<com.commercetools.api.predicates.query.channel.ChannelReferenceQueryBuilderDsl>> fn) {
return new CombinationQueryPredicate<>(ContainerQueryPredicate.of()
.parent(ConstantQueryPredicate.of().constant("channel"))
.inner(fn.apply(com.commercetools.api.predicates.query.channel.ChannelReferenceQueryBuilderDsl.of())),
QueryPriceQueryBuilderDsl::of);
}
public DateTimeComparisonPredicateBuilder<QueryPriceQueryBuilderDsl> validFrom() {
return new DateTimeComparisonPredicateBuilder<>(
BinaryQueryPredicate.of().left(new ConstantQueryPredicate("validFrom")),
p -> new CombinationQueryPredicate<>(p, QueryPriceQueryBuilderDsl::of));
}
public DateTimeComparisonPredicateBuilder<QueryPriceQueryBuilderDsl> validUntil() {
return new DateTimeComparisonPredicateBuilder<>(
BinaryQueryPredicate.of().left(new ConstantQueryPredicate("validUntil")),
p -> new CombinationQueryPredicate<>(p, QueryPriceQueryBuilderDsl::of));
}
public CombinationQueryPredicate<QueryPriceQueryBuilderDsl> discounted(
Function<com.commercetools.api.predicates.query.common.DiscountedPriceDraftQueryBuilderDsl, CombinationQueryPredicate<com.commercetools.api.predicates.query.common.DiscountedPriceDraftQueryBuilderDsl>> fn) {
return new CombinationQueryPredicate<>(
ContainerQueryPredicate.of()
.parent(ConstantQueryPredicate.of().constant("discounted"))
.inner(fn.apply(
com.commercetools.api.predicates.query.common.DiscountedPriceDraftQueryBuilderDsl.of())),
QueryPriceQueryBuilderDsl::of);
}
public CombinationQueryPredicate<QueryPriceQueryBuilderDsl> custom(
Function<com.commercetools.api.predicates.query.type.CustomFieldsQueryBuilderDsl, CombinationQueryPredicate<com.commercetools.api.predicates.query.type.CustomFieldsQueryBuilderDsl>> fn) {
return new CombinationQueryPredicate<>(
ContainerQueryPredicate.of()
.parent(ConstantQueryPredicate.of().constant("custom"))
.inner(fn.apply(com.commercetools.api.predicates.query.type.CustomFieldsQueryBuilderDsl.of())),
QueryPriceQueryBuilderDsl::of);
}
public CombinationQueryPredicate<QueryPriceQueryBuilderDsl> tiers(
Function<com.commercetools.api.predicates.query.common.PriceTierDraftQueryBuilderDsl, CombinationQueryPredicate<com.commercetools.api.predicates.query.common.PriceTierDraftQueryBuilderDsl>> fn) {
return new CombinationQueryPredicate<>(
ContainerQueryPredicate.of()
.parent(ConstantQueryPredicate.of().constant("tiers"))
.inner(fn.apply(com.commercetools.api.predicates.query.common.PriceTierDraftQueryBuilderDsl.of())),
QueryPriceQueryBuilderDsl::of);
}
public CollectionPredicateBuilder<QueryPriceQueryBuilderDsl> tiers() {
return new CollectionPredicateBuilder<>(BinaryQueryPredicate.of().left(new ConstantQueryPredicate("tiers")),
p -> new CombinationQueryPredicate<>(p, QueryPriceQueryBuilderDsl::of));
}
}
|
1136952_1 | Wikipedia | CC-By-SA | 《프랭크》()는 2014년 공개된 영화이다.
출연
도널 글리슨 - 존 역
매기 질런홀 - 클래라 역
스쿠트 맥네리 - 돈 역
마이클 패스벤더 - 프랭크 역
카를라 아자르 - 나나 역
프랑수아 시빌 - 바라크 역
외부 링크
영어 영화 작품
2014년 영화
영국의 코미디 드라마 영화
아일랜드의 코미디 영화
아일랜드의 드라마 영화
음악을 소재로 한 영화
아일랜드에서 촬영한 영화
뉴멕시코주에서 촬영한 영화
레니 에이브러햄슨 감독 영화
아일랜드의 독립 영화 작품
기사를 바탕으로 한 영화.
|
github_open_source_100_8_20045 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | <?php declare(strict_types=1);
namespace Imatic\Bundle\UserBundle\Mailer;
use Imatic\Bundle\UserBundle\Model\UserInterface;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Generator\UrlGeneratorInterface;
use Twig\Environment;
class Mailer
{
private \Swift_Mailer $mailer;
private UrlGeneratorInterface $router;
private Environment $twig;
private HtmlEmailBuilder $htmlEmailBuilder;
private array $resettingFromEmail;
public function __construct(
\Swift_Mailer $mailer,
UrlGeneratorInterface $router,
Environment $twig,
HtmlEmailBuilder $htmlEmailBuilder,
array $resettingFromEmail
) {
$this->mailer = $mailer;
$this->router = $router;
$this->twig = $twig;
$this->htmlEmailBuilder = $htmlEmailBuilder;
$this->resettingFromEmail = $resettingFromEmail;
}
public function sendResettingEmailMessage(UserInterface $user): void
{
$template = '@ImaticUser/Resetting/email.txt.twig';
$url = $this->router->generate('fos_user_resetting_reset', ['token' => $user->getConfirmationToken()], UrlGeneratorInterface::ABSOLUTE_URL);
$context = [
'user' => $user,
'confirmationUrl' => $url,
];
$this->sendMessage($template, $context, $this->resettingFromEmail, (string) $user->getEmail());
}
private function sendMessage(string $templateName, array $context, $fromEmail, $toEmail): void
{
$context = $this->twig->mergeGlobals($context);
$template = $this->twig->loadTemplate($this->twig->getTemplateClass($templateName), $templateName);
$subject = $template->renderBlock('subject', $context);
$textBody = $template->renderBlock('body_text', $context);
$htmlBody = $template->renderBlock('body_html', $context);
$message = (new \Swift_Message())
->setSubject($subject)
->setFrom($fromEmail)
->setTo($toEmail);
if (!empty($htmlBody)) {
$htmlBody = $this->htmlEmailBuilder->build($htmlBody);
$message
->setBody($htmlBody, 'text/html')
->addPart($textBody, 'text/plain');
} else {
$message->setBody($textBody);
}
$this->mailer->send($message);
}
}
|
3218812_1 | Wikipedia | CC-By-SA | 5-я Туркестанская кавалерийская дивизия — соединение кавалерии РККА, созданное во время Гражданской войны в России 1918—1920 годов. Являлось маневренным средством в руках фронтового и армейского командования для решения оперативных и тактических задач.
Командный состав 5-й Туркестанской кавалерийской дивизии
5-я Туркестанская кавалерийская дивизия
Начальники дивизии
Кузнецов Александр Фёдорович — с 9 августа 1919 года по 6 февраля 1920 года
Чугунов Пётр Петрович — с 6 февраля 1920 года по 21 апреля 1920 года
Ушаков Константин Петрович, врид — с 21 апреля 1920 года по 16 июля 1920 года
Военкомы дивизии
Папан Болеслав — с 9 августа 1919 года по 20 августа 1919 года
Бугай Герман — с 22 августа 1919 года по 6 января 1920 года
Тишкин Иван Тимофеевич — с 6 января 1920 года по 6 января 1920 года
Начальники штаба дивизии
Малышев Степан Саввич — с 9 августа 1919 года по 3 апреля 1920 года
Борисов Сергей Васильевич — с 3 апреля 1920 года по 16 июля 1920 года
Примечания
Ссылки
Будённый Семён Михайлович. «Пройдённый путь» в 3-х томах
С. Витошнев. С. М. Будённый. Летопись. (Биография)
Сайт о С. М. Будённом
В. Шамбаров. [militera.lib.ru/research/shambarov1/05.html Белогвардейщина. 82. Последние победы Деникина.]
А. И. Деникин. [militera.lib.ru/memo/russian/denikin_ai2/5_20.html Очерки русской смуты. Глава XX. Операции южных армий в начале 1920 года: от Ростова до Екатеринодара. Рознь между добровольцами и донцами.]
Воинские части и формирования, созданные в 1919 году
Советская кавалерия во время Гражданской войны.
|
github_open_source_100_8_20046 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | package jp.cssj.homare.b.a;
import jp.cssj.homare.b.a.c.r;
public interface n extends j, m {
r c();
}
/* Location: /mnt/r/ConTenDoViewer.jar!/jp/cssj/homare/b/a/n.class
* Java compiler version: 8 (52.0)
* JD-Core Version: 1.1.3
*/ |
1740312_1 | Wikipedia | CC-By-SA | Словечанський район — адміністративно-територіальна одиниця УРСР, що існувала з 1923 по 1962 роки в складі Коростенської і Волинської округ, Київської області (1932—1937) та Житомирської області (1937—1962). Районний центр — село Словечне.
Історія та адміністративний устрій
Район було утворено 7 березня 1923 року у складі Коростенської округи Волинської губернії. До складу увійшли 20 сільських рад колишніх Покалівської (Дівошинська, Желонська, Заболотська, Коптівщинська, Левковицька, Лученківська, Покалівська, Середньоруднянська, Сорокопенська, Хлуплянська сільські ради) та Словечанської (Бігунська, Городецька, Жидівська, Кованська, Листвинська, Можарівська, Словечанська, Тхорівська, Усівська, Черевківська сільські ради) волостей Овруцького повіту.
13 червня 1930 року, відповідно до постанови ВУЦВК та РНК УСРР «Про реорганізацію округ», Коростенську округу розформовано, територію включено до складу Волинської округи. 2 вересня 1930 року було скасовано поділ УРСР на округи, через що, від 15 вересня 1930 року, Словечанський район, як і решта окремих адміністративних одиниць, перейшов у безпосереднє підпорядкування до республіканського центру.
9 лютого 1932 року район увійшов до складу новоствореної Київської області. 4 травня 1935 року район було включено до складу Коростенського округу Київської області. З 22 вересня 1937 року став частиною новоутвореної Житомирської області.
В 1941-43 роках територія району входила до складу гебітскомісаріату Олевськ Генеральної округи Житомир. Було утворено Антоновицьку, Білківську, Бокіївщинську, Верпівську, Верхнє-Рудненську, Далетянську, Дубську, Мацьківську, Млинську, Нагорянську, Нижнє-Руднянську, Ново-Руднянську, Оленичівську, Островичську, Паршівську, Перебродську, Петрашівську, Побичівську, Раліоновицьку, Рокитнівську, Селезівську, Сирницьку, Сирковщинську, Старовеледницьку, Стуговщинську, Теклівську, Чабанську, Червонську та Ясенецьку сільські управи.
Станом на 1 вересня 1946 року складався із 20 сільських рад, до складу яких входило 57 населених пунктів — 51 село та 6 хуторів. Сільські ради: Бігунська, Возничівська, Городецька, Заболотська, Кованська, Красилівська, Левковицька, Листвинська, Лучанківська, Можарівська, Нововелідницька, Прибитківська, Середньо-Руднянська, Словечанська, Сорокопенська, Тхорівська, Усівська, Хлуплянська, Червоносільська та Черевківська.
З 11 серпня 1954 року кількість сільських рад було скорочено до 14 — ліквідовано Возничівську, Желонську, Кованську, Середньо-Руднянську, Сорокопенську та Червносільську сільські ради. А після 5 березня 1959 року сільських рад залишилося 10 — було ліквідовано Коптівщинську, Красилівську, Прибитківську та Тхоринську сільські ради
30 грудня 1962 року Указом Президії Верховної Ради УРСР район було ліквідовано, його територія у повному складі увійшла до складу Овруцького району.
Населення
За результатами Всесоюзного перепису населення 1926 року на території Словечанського району мешкало 32 064 особи. Розподіл населення за рідними мовами був наступним:
Українська мова — 92,6 %
Російська мова — 0,6 %
інші — 6,8 %
Національний склад населення за даними перепису 1926 року:
За даними перепису населення СРСР 1939 року чисельність населення району становила 32 947 осіб, з них українців — 29 507, росіян — 1 109, німців — 111, євреїв — 1 382, поляків — 279, інших — 559.
Примітки
Джерела
Колишні райони Житомирської області
Колишні райони Київської області
Райони Коростенської округи
Держави і території, зникли 1962
Держави і території, засновані 1923.
|
bpt6k483310t_3 | French-PD-Newspapers | Public Domain | probablement très simple; dans sa vie d'étudiant, il pouvait avoir fortuitement rencontré le •docteiir Baucouse • cet homme. gran.d,,fort, au visage sicarae.térjstiç[iie avait dû ïe frapper d'une façon inconsciente parfois un être entrevu dans la rné en voyage, laisse par un inexplicable hasard, un souvenir permanent dans la mémoire. nos sensations sont parfois si décevantes, si inexplicables. ruais illusion ou réalité, une crainte obscure germait dans le cœur de du Quéroy si heureux tout à l'heure la possibilité d'éléments hostiles surgissant pour mettre obstacle au bonheur de son fils lui causa une angoisse jamais éprouvée. il se refusait à formuler, même mentalement, les contingences qu'il entrevoyait comme à travers un voile. L'image de la malheureuse démente se dressa soudain distinctement devant ses yeux. puis à côté, cello de Maxime, et il frissonna d'horreur ils avaient donné pour mère à leur enfant bien aimé une créature marquée d'un paTreil sceau il pensa à celle dont son fils avait reçu la vie, belle et pure comme la première compagne de l'homme, ayant vécu comme Eve, uniquement pour l'époux et l'enfant. Alors dans l'égarement dont il était saisi, une espèce d'instinct, cette voix secrète qui presque toujours avertit à temps, mais que nous écoutons si rarement, inspira au père l'idée de retourner sur ses pas, de remonter, de parler immédiatement et sans détours au docteur Baucouse, ïui aëtnandànt cômùïe à 7un confesseur habituel d'humaines misères, si jamais ils s'étaient rencontrés et où. Puis le respect humain, la fausse honte arrêtèrent cette impulsion les Mérô seraient étonnés, ne comprendraient pas. sous quel prétexte avoir un entretien confidentiel avec le docteur Baucouse?. non, la prudence commandait d'agir avec réserve du Quéroy se promit de faire causer Senneterre qui d&vait être au courant de tout ce qui concernait le beau-frère de sa sœur, et d'après ce qu'il apprendraitil agirait. au besoin et pour en avoir le cœur net il ferait le voyage de Bordeaux et s'assurerait à n'en pouvoir douter que le docteur Baucouse n'était en rien associé aux misères du passé. Maintenant le seul parti sage était de ne son l NOUVELLES DU JOUR A l'Hôtel de Ville LES LIBERTÉS COMMUNALES Une réunion publique a eu lieu, hier, à l'Hôtel de. Ville, pour fixer les bases d'un pjsojet de loi relatif aux; libertés communales do Paris. MM. Par contre, l'Assistance publique, l'octroi et loi Mont de Piété seraient complètement municipalïsês. Toutes les délibérations du Conseil municipal, conformes aux lois, seraient exécutées sans avoir besoin:; de l'approbation du préfet de la Seine. Enfin un comité municipal siégerait près du préfet1; I delà Seine pour assurer l'exécution des votes de: l'Assemblée. On dit à l'Hôtel de Ville que non seulement M. de Selves n'est pas hostile à co projet, mais encore qu'il serait disposé à le soutenir au Sénat. EN L'HONNEUR DE M. SÀUTON Samedi prochain, le Conseil municipal, spécialement réuni à cet effet, fêtera les vingt-cinq ans d'ôdilité de M. Saut on, à qui une médaille commémorative sera remise.. ̃̃ Une Conférence sur la Serbie M. Albert Malet, professeur au lycée Louis-lej Grand, qui a été chargé de mission à Belgrade, a visite avec soin les pays serbes, et en personne qui les connaît fort bien, il en a parlé, à la réunion qui a eu lieu hier soir, à l'Alliance française. M. Maurice Herbette a d'abord adressé au conférencier quelques paroles de bienvenue qui ont été applaudies par l'au1 ditoire et il a donné la présidence de l'assemblée à M. Vesnïtch, ministr<ê de Serbie, qui a exprimé une fois déplus, la sympathie doses compatriotes "'jjpjir.'i `; lia nation'. française. ..7, 7. 7; "];i « 7 M.Àlhert Malet nja;nêgûg'ê>àucùn .détail pour mon!i '.M. Albert P IDClll trer sous leur véritable jour Ie3 pays serbes dont il a fait une très belle description. Le Monténégro qui, ̃! avecs son ensemble de rochers, peut être comparé à un nid d'aigle, la Serbie où l'on rencontre des gorges comme dans le Tarn et qui ressemblerait au Limôusin si des pruniers n'y tenaient pas la place des châtaigniers, offrent des paysages dignes d'être admirés. Ces deux royaumes, dont la superficie n'est pas très étendue et dont la population, depuis quelque temps toujours croissante il est vrai, ne dépasse pas dans l'un celle des Alpes-Maritimes et dans l'autre celle de Paris, ne sont pas habités par un peuple sans importance. Vl y eut une nation serbe bien avant 1804, date où, officiellement en Europe, la Serbie paraît entrer dans l'histoire. Les Serbes qui, au troisième siècle, furent en contact ayec l'empire romain,qui, dès le cinquième siècle, commençaient la conquêto des Balkans et d'où au siècle suivant semble être sorti l'empereur Justinien, ont eu un passé glorieux.Un de leurs souverains, Etienne Douchan dit le Fort, se proclama tsar et étendit sa domination sur la Serbie, la Bosnie, la Croatie, la Dalmatie, l'Herzégovine, l'Albanie, la Macédoine, la Thessalie, la Bulgarie. Après la bataille de Kossovo, les Serbes perdirent leur indépendance, mais conservèrent leurs qualités natives grâce à leur poète et à leur religion. Ils sont restés hospitaliers, courageux, intelligents. Ils aiment l'instruction qu'ils ont renduepublique et obligatoire en lui consacrant un budget de cinq millions, Ils continuent à vivre en dômbcràtië.ëommè au temps < où Procope le constatait déjà, et ils sont familiers i même avec leur souverain. Ce que nous pouvons constater avec satisfaction, c'est que les Serbes ont une vive affection pour la j J France dont l'histoire les a toujours fort émus. La Révolution française leur est apparue comme la Révolution humaine. lise plaisent aussi à rappeler avec quelque orgueil qu'un de leurs souverains épousa une nièce de SaintLouis. Ne se flattent-ils pas également d'avoir une certaine analogie avec les Gaulois qui faisaient ̃" comme eux un grand commerce do porcs et qui avaient-en même temps l'âme poétique. On retrouve fréquemment le type celtique parmi les Serbes chez qui les égards dus à un sexe par l'autre vont aux hommes auxquels les femmes baisent la main, trait de mœurs qus M. Albert Malet n'a mentionné que | pour bien montrer quelle estime avait su mériter ea ̃ Serbie, le sexe fort. •̃; L'affaire St&inheil LES PKÈTENDUS AVEUX Nous avons signalé, à titre de document, les aveux que le Matin disait avoir reçus de la comtesse Alba Ghirelli et d'une autre personne que Mme Steinheil aurait vue à Saint-Lazare. A la Sûretô et au parquet on nçus a déclaré n'attacher aucune importance à ces prétendues révélations. 'Néanmoins, le ugè'd' instruction, qui ne .veut négliger aucune indication à lui donnôej1 a entendu, aujourd'liui, l'ancienne compagne de là veuve du peintre à là pîstolo n° 13, M. ttamard a entendu, hier, le chauffeur Sembel. Celui-ci a pleinement confirmé sa première déposition et a démenti formellement les fausses allégations qu'on lui a attribuées, notamment en ce qui concerne son absencede Paris à la fin du mois do mai. Au sujet de l'entrevue qu'il eut, le 17 novembre, avec Mme Steinheil, M. Sembel a répété que cette dernière l'avait prié de venir lavoir, elle lui demanda do rechercher un chauffeur dont la voiture aurait stationné impasse Ronsin, pendant la nuit du crime. Les recherches de. Semlel restèrent vaines et Mme Steinheil lui donna 20 fr. pour reconnaître ses soins et peines. a l'instruction Mme Voglari, garde malade, qui soigna Mme Steinheil au lendemain du crime, entendue, ainsi que nous le disions hier, estime que la veuve du peintre n'était pas malade, au moment où ell&se disait mourante à la suite de l'émotion et des mauvais traitements. « Je pensais avoir affaire à une malade iinagi ger qu'aux raisons d'être heureux, il importait avant tout de rapporter un visage serein à cell qui l'attendait dans une impatience dont il savait toute l'intensité i il fallait apprendre à cette tendre mère avec quelle lumineuse /sincérité les yeux charmants de Berthe Môrô s'étaient arrêtés sur leur fils, de quelle chaude atmosphère d'amitié tous ces honnêtes gens l'entouraient le contentement qu'ily aurait pour eux, les parents, à former ainsi à leur enfant une nouvelle famine qui lui serait un appui et une source d'affection. Ge n'était pas sans un plaisir personnel que du Quôroy s'était vu accueilli avec une si franche cordialité, et l'idée que cette cordialité s'étendait à la bien aimée compagne de sa vie lui causait une joie profonde. il souffrit soudain en réfléchissant combien cette créature de choix avait été ignorée, nul ne l'avait louée et admirée comme elle le méritait! Ils'imagina avec quelle maternelle tendresse elle recevrait cette ieune Berthe mutine et gaie dont la vivacité débordante serait si salutaire à une âme que la vie de recluse volontaire avait rendue trop grave et trop renfermée. Cette belle fleur serait enfin mise en lumière Pourquoi s'inquiéter inutilement, personne n'irait réveiller les fantômes dont l'existence était absolument ignorée. le docteur Baucouse, pourtant?. n'existe-t-il pas d'extraordinaires res semblances? 3. H ¡' âitrI Le docteur Baucouse, si loquace d'habitude, avait gardé pendant le dîner chez sa belle-sœur un silence qui aurait, dans d'autres circonstances, frappé celle-ci; mais les pensées absorbantes qui remplissaient son esprit, la perspective de bien marier ses deux filles, but principal de son existence et qui semblait si proche d'être atteint, car le mariage de l'une entraînerait indubitablement celui de l'autre, chavirait un peu la cervelle cependant si bien équilibrée de Mme Mérô. Elle parla beaucoup, dans l'intention d'enlever à la présence du jeune.du Quéroy uno apparence trop significative, lui laissant très peu de loisir pour entretenir ses deux jeunes voisines, Berthe d'un coté et Hyàrcinte Baucouse de l'autre et '<»&ï en avoir au naire, qui voulait être plainte et dorlotée; je me trouvais en face d'une simulatrice. » M. André a reçu le rapport do M. Tournier, l'expert qu'il avait chargé d'examiner la pendule de l'impasse Rônsin, dont les aiguilles furent arrêtées, pendant la nuit du ennui, à minuit douze. Le praticien a constaté que la pendule avait été remontée la veille du drame et ne s'était point arrêtée spontanément. C'est en maintenant le balancier qu'on suspendit le mouvement. ̃ Il est certain, que c'est bien à minuit douze, ou du moins dans les environs immédiats de cette heure, que la pendule fut arrêtée, puisque l'expert a eons.taté qu'il était impossible de ramener les aiguilles en arrière do plus de dix minutes, sans les fausser. "Demain, à deux heures, aura lieu à l'Esplanade des Invalides, une, prise d'armes générale de la garnison • de Paris, à l'occasion de la remise des décorations du 1er janvier, qui sera effectuée parle général Dalstein. Cett-3 cérémonie sera complétée par une revue des troupes, auxquelles sera réservée toute l'Esplanade. tNNW41411YJLW1HWlMM2~NNLh'Wl.ILVWWWWf~rtNWW4l~ryyyyyyWyy FAITS DIVERS IY~MMM~M~N~L~WNANNM'W W WiNW4V W W~MiW WNM~tNNM1NWLV Le Temps. Bureau central météorologique. .-• La pression barométrique s'est abaissée sur la France et la Méditerranée, tandis qu'elle se relève en Irlande. La température s'est abaissée sur nos régions. Ce matin, le thermomètre marquait –21° à Çharkow, L –5° à Clermont, –3° à Paris, ~2° à Toulouse, 10° à Alger, 11° à Lisbonne. On notait 3J au Puy de Dôme, –5° au Pic du Midi, 6" au Ventoux. En France, un temps généralement nuageux est probable avec température normale. A Paris, hier, îeau. Dates critiques pour janvier. 6-7, 12, 14-15, 19, 21-22, 27-28, 31. Le mystère de Sa3ni-€!ou(3. Ainsi que nous le disions hier, d'actives recherches ont été opérées dans le parc de Saint-Cloud Les battues faites sousiôis n'ont donné aucun" rôsuUat. -.̃ ̃"̃" 7 "̃" 7 '̃ :Mais, en ïouillant avec soin remplacement où avait été découverte' la valise, on a trouvé, à peu de distance, des cheveux coupés très courts, cheveux de même nuance que ceux trouvés dimanche matin, ces derniers mesuraient 00 centimètres de longueur, les autres ont 5, 6 et 8 centimètres. On a trouvé encore quelques débris de feuilles d'agenda consumées sur lesquelles étaient écrites les devises du « Langage des fleurs ». Pendant ce temps, M. Lefebvre, commissaire de police, procédait à une rapide enquête, qui amenait la découverte de quatre témoins importants MM. Hardy, facteur chef à la gare de Garches Fanoger, employé à cette gare; Georges Gallois, loueur de voitures, et Baltazzi, bûcheron. Les trois premiers ont vu, mercredi ou jeudi ils ne peuvent préciser un jeune homme et une jeune fille, dix-sept ans pour le jeune homme, quatorze à quinze ans pour la jeune fille, descendre de la gare de Garches, s'engager dans les bois de Saint-Cloud, par le passage de la Maison -du-Piqueur, et s'éloigner bras-dessus, bras*de3sous. Ils ont reconnu sans hésiter la valise, la jupe et le jupon qu'on leur a présentés; mais ;en présence de la photographie ils ont hésité: la jeune fille était plus jeune, plus mince, ont-ils dit. Après avoir déclaré que cette dernière portait la valise, valise alors en bon état, ils ont donné chacun un signalement différent ̃ du jeune homme. Le quatrième témoin, M. Baltazzi, a déclaré avoir aperçu, le vendredi, deux parapluies appuyés le long du mur, à l'endroit où M. Praton découvrit, le dimanche, la valise. Ces parapluies n'ont pas été retrouvés. Des pommissipns rpgatoires ont ,éttë envoyées à Audincourt afin de rechercher la 4ame,Teyssedqu dont on a retrouvé une carte postale dans les, objets brûlés. Qn peut constater que cette affaire présente de nombreuses lacunes, des invraisemblances considérables il y a lieu de réserver jusqu'à nouvel ordre une conclusion formelle. Tel a d'ailleurs été l'avis du parquet de Versailles, qui a commencé hier son enquête et a chargé M. Hirsch, juge d'instruction, d'éclairclr ce mystère. Audacieux coas> de main.– Trois agents cyclistes et deux gardiens de la paix ont arrêté la nuit dernière Jean Coche, vingt-cinq ans, demeurant cité Industrielle, et Joseph Poujol, vingt ans, monteur en bronze, 22, rue Godefroy-Cavaignac,qui venaient précisément de commettre un audacieux cambriolage. Ayant pénétré, vers trois heures du matin, dans le débit de vins Penaud, 17 bis, avenue Parmentier, ils s'étaient jetés sur le cabaretier couché sur un petit lit, dans I'arriôre-boutique, l'avaient ligottô et bâili lonnê solidement et dans la poche de son veston •̃. avaient pris 1,700 fr. Les coupables, pressés de questions, durent avouer, et Poujol ajouta même qu'à la vue des agents il avait jeté la poche et son contenu rue du CheminVert. L'argent fut, en effet, retrouvé pou d'instants -̃• après. §?anx niarnîeîs-caries. Lo service de la Sûreté était informé de ce que plusieurs personnes, nomr mes et femmes, se rendaient en Suisse, Allemagne, '̃̃̃ Belgique et Italie pour touchée le montant -de faux mandats-cartes préalablement _émis et fabriqué? à Paris l'encaissement devait se faire au moyen de livrets d'identité également faux. JLe3 polices européennes furent aussitôt averties. A Baie, le nommé Daniel Gerbault, vingt-huit ans, ex-administrateur de la Guerre sociale, qui voyageait t en compagnie d'une femme, Antoinette Tribier, vingthuit ans, demeurant ensemble, rue des Trois-Frôres, ont été arrêtés à la poste au moment où ils seprôsentaient pour toucher un mandat. En même temps, Henri Martini, se disant rédacteur au même journal, vingt-quatre ans, demeurant avenue de Montsouris, était appréhendé; dans les mêmes circonstances, à Mannheim (grand-duché de Bade), et la sœur de Daniel Gerbault, Marguerite Gerbault, se faisait prendre en flagrant délit à la 1 ̃ poste de Berlin. > 1 De son côté, un correcteur de la Guerre sociale, Fernand Després, trente-quatre ans, demeurant rue t v Froidevaux, chez des réfugiés russes, s'étant présenté dans un bureau de poste de Nice, a été mis en état d'arrestation. Enfin un autre rédacteur, Guillaume 'Tourette, dit Guy Tourette, vingt-cinq ans, a été arrêté chez lui, à Paris, rue Dejean. Une perquisition opérée par M. Hamard dans le bureau do Daniel Gerbault, 121, ruo Montmartre, a îifait découvrir une quantité de papier jaune semblable à celui que l'administration des postes emploie t.pour la confection des mandats-cartes. Chez la plu cunement conscience, elle assassina le pauvre garçon de ses questions ne faisant de pauses que pour se raconter, elle-même et l'existence laborieuse, qu'elle menait avec ses fiiles. Le point d'honneur, chez Mme Môré, consistait à bien démontrer que ses filles n'avaient pas un moment pour respirer. Et le fait est que, depuis l'heure matinale où les demoiselles Mérô sortaient du lit, leur mère les entraînait à sa suite dans un engrenage vertigineux et les trois femmes arpentaient infatigablement les rues de Paris, indifférentes aux distances à parcourir, et en dépit de toutes les conditions atmosphériques; pendant que Mme Méré expliquait les principes de sa conduite à Maxime, Berthe à voix très basse soulignait les paroles maternelles par desinterjections d'un comique désespéré. « Hélas. c'est trop vrai. oui c'est le martyre que j'endure. » Maxime entendait et souriait d'un ̃' sourire de complice heureux il eût vivement souhaité attirer moins l'attention de Mme Méré tout en se rendant compte qu'il était inutile d'essayer do se dérober, il lui répondait donc de bonne grâce; à chaque particularité familiale dont il parlait, le docteur Baucouse le regardait au-dessus de son pince-nez, deux ou trois fois le docteur s'accota contre le dossier de sa chaise, et se prit la barbe d'un mouvement qui lui était coutumier lorsqu'il se sentait un peu perplexe. Papa a.kafiguno da consultation, ce. soir, observa Hyacinthe à sa cousine lorsqu'on. so leva de table. La nièce du docteur lui jeta un petit ccup d'ceil à la dérobée, et comme elle le vit qui se préparait évidemment à causer avec Maxime, elle lui envoya un joli sourire, mais le docteur Baucouse ne parut pas y prêter attention et conserva son aspect de gravité; il ne retint pas longtemps son jeu,ne confrère; auprès de lui, et ayant allumé un gros cigare alla s'échouer sur le dur canapé du cabinet de travail de M. Môrô, on l'y laissa quelque temps solitaire et -tranquille, c.e fut Senneterre qui vint l'y relancer, les deux hommes ne parlèrent pas d'abord, tout deux tacitement avertis qu'ils désiraient échanger des réflexions.Au bout d'un part des iaculpés, lo magistrat a trouvé des documents confirmant les renseignements fournis sur eus et sur l'accomplissement do leurs projets. Le gouvernement français a demandé l'extradition de tous les inculpés arrêtés à l'étranger. M. Gustave Hervé, interrogé au sujet de ces arrestations, a déclaré que Daniel Gerbault avait remplacé M. Merle, l'administrateur de la Guerre sociale, pendant que ce dernier était en prison il no faisait plus partie du journal depuis lo lor décembre. Quant aux autres, Martini, Despr(5s, Toujrette, ils ont fourni quelques articles à intervalles espacés, mais n'ont jamais fait partie de la rédaction active du journal. '̃ rr~• '-4> .i' THÉÂTRES Comédie française •. Reprise de la Parisienne. Cette reprise de la parUîenne,ku Théâtre-Français était attendue avec plaisir par les admirateurs do Henri Becque. et pour la curiosité d'une interprétation presqu'inédite. Le plaisir de l'attente a été dépassé, chose rare, par le plaisir qu'a donné l'événement. La Parisienne s7est imposée mfeux que jamais comme l'un des plus parfaits chefs-d'œuvre du théâtre contemporain, et, mieux que jamais, dans cette maison de Molière où, cependant, elle ne s'était pas fait très bien comprendre autrefois, elle a montré d'où elle vient et qui elle est. Il semble bien que l'on ne puisse jouer Clotilde avec plus d'expression ni aveo plus d'esprit que Mlle Cerny. Môme, s'il fallait lui faire un reproche, ce serait d'être, au premier acte, un peu trop spirituelle, c'est-à-dire qu'elle y détourne à son profit quelques grains d'une ironie foncièrement impersonnelle, ou, si vous voulez, strictement personnelle au sujet, et à l'auteur. Mais, ce « détournement », on ne l'a plus senti du tout aux deux autres actes, tant Mlle Cerny y a été Glotilde elle-même et ce fut un ravissement que l'entendre et la voir. Il est impossible de prêter à la rouerie et à l'inconscience d'une femme, plus de grâce, plus de fine coquetterie, plus de vivant naturel impossible d'être plus vraie dans les légers attendrissements et les légères mélancolies, plus spontanée dans les légères révoltes et les légers mépris. Le jeu de Mlle Cerny est plein de subtiles trouvailles, plein de nuances expressives, et quant à sa diction,, si nette et si agile, si claire et si mélodieuse, si vivante et si juste, elle satisfait absolument et Toreillo et l'esprit. Le succès de Péminente comédienne a été extrêmement vif. 7 On avait déjà vùM. de; Fô.raudy dans le rôle d'Adolphe oe « Bovary », comme l'appelle Clotilde, « Parisienne» quil tient autant d'Emma que de Céliméne mais saûâ doute ne s'était-il jamais montré si Adolphe, si admirablement Adolphe qu'hier soir. Le personnage est réalisé par lui de la tête aux pieds, en passant par l'âme, avec une vraisemblance impressionnante. C'est véritablement la «création» d'un grand artiste. M. Henry Mayer m'a semblé parfait dans le rôle de Lafont, cet amant qui est comme un second mari, mais un mari jaloux, et l'est avec une sincérité si absolue. Cette sincérité, M. Mayer l'a montrée avec beaucoup de talent, de simplicité et de tact. Numa interprête Simpson avec une nonchalance élégante et caractéristique. Et Mlle Lynnès est une très bonne Adèle. Cette interprétation fait le plus grand honneur à la Comédie française. Elle ne nous laisse rien perdre du caractère dramatique ni du caractère littéraire de cet ouvrage puissant et exquis. Elle garde à chacun des trois pezapaanages principaux sa riche individualité. EDOUARD Sakradin. P.-S. On a joué, avant la Parisienne, un acte dont il sera'reparlô et qui est entré aux Français précédé d'une réputation mondaine, La Masque et le Bandeau, de M. Albert Flament. MM. Grand et Grandval, Mmes Lecomte et Sorel l'interprètent avec talent et vivacité. Un journal du matin annonçait, aujourd'hui, que M. Clemenceau aurait reçu, récemment, M. Albert Carré, directeur du théâtre de l'Opôra-Comique, et lui auraii offert, pour un délai prochain, la direction de l'Opéra. M. Albert Carré a répondu à un de nos collaborateurs, qui l'interrogeait, que cette information, qu'il n'avait pas encore lu, la note l'intéressant et que,: d'ailleurs, M. Clemenceau no lui a rieu: proposé touchant l'Opéra. Cette nouvelle est donc inexacte. La Poudre d'escampette, fantaisie-opérette de MM. Calval et Charley, vient d'être représentée avec succès à Parisiana. Mise en scène -luxueuse. Interprétation, pleine d'entrain: Mlle Maud d'Orby, Parisette MM. Saidreau, Gobin, Carlos Avril, etc. L'Association des Concerts Sechiari donnera cette saison dix concerts le jeudi soir salle Gaveau aux dates suivantes 4, il, 18, 25 février, 4, 11, 25 mars et 8, 22, 29 avril. Les solistes engagés sont Mmes Louise Grandjean, deNuovina; MM. Van Dyck, Raoul Pugno, Busoni, Hollman, de Lausnay, Dumesiiil. En outre du grand répertoire classique, M.. Pierre Sechiari donnera comme première audition, des œuvres inédites à Paris de Haen.del, Liszt, César Franck, Debussy, Glazounow, Piernô, J. de Lara, Em.Moor, Délune, Smigaglia, Busoni, G. Corbin, Quef, Simia, Léa Weiner, etc. Par abonnement les places sont 50 0/0 au-dessous du tarif habituel des grands concerts. S'adresser au siège de l'Association, 59, rue du Rocher ou salle Gaveau, 45, rue La-Boëtiè. Co soir Au théâtre Mévisto, à 8 heures 3/4, répétition générale de i 1 1° Liquidons, pièce en un acte, de M. Eugène Millou. 2?,Xe Répvonvé, conte dEaittaliijtte an,. doux: taWeaux, dp .M. Louis Aurenchp. 3° Quand l'Amour s'amuse^ comédie en un àctèVde MM. Eddy Lévis et B. Dangenne. te, lot Saison, des Boires, piêca --en un acte,de-M* ECo Marchés. ,-•• Co soir, au théâtre Cluny,. centième représentation de Plumard et Barnabe. -A la Comédie française, la scène est prise maintenant tous les.jours par les répétitions de la Furie, le drame en vers, de M. Jules Bois, dont la première roprésentation sera donnée dans les -premiers jours du mois prochain. L'œuvre inédite qui viendra après fa Furie sera la pièce en trois actes, en prose, de M. Paul Hervieu, et qui a pour titre: Connais-toi. Mine Réjane est rentrée hier soir de Monte-Caïlo légèrement grippée. A cause de cela, la reprise de la Course du Flambeau, qui était annoncéo "pour co soir, est remise à vendredi 22. Baffles sera donc joué encore 1 trois fois, c'est-à-dire jusqu'à jeudi 21 inclus. La pièce ea trois actes do M. Roomain Coolus qui SOCIETE DF COfiilUSTiH! F^ 6," rue Lafayette. Tél. 139.61 139. 13 281.30 Yend 2 et 8~/r. par 1,000 kilos (0 fr. 10 et O fr. 15 par sac) meilleur marché qu'ailleurs ̃1»M– 5Tr^1ffTTTlTBT<tTritl1 n II M IIWII II ll'H III ̃̃ iTTIiraimii il ̃ ̃ !̃̃ ̃ ̃ assez long moment de silence le docteur Baucouse dit enfin t Quel âg3&au i.jHstûi a vQtre;jeune ami? Yingfequatre.ans dans quelques jours. ̃-̃ Autant que çà, il ne les paraît pas, je l'ai regardé avec attention pendant le dîner,vu qu'il me fait l'effet d'un neveu élu, et je ne lui aurais pas donné plus de vingt-et-un ou vingt-deux ans, il y a encore quelque chose à l'ô^|xl*ébauche, dans ce jeune visage. C'est une particularité de famille, sa mère paraît beaucoup moins âgée que ses années Ah le docteur Baucouse secoua la cendre de son cigare et, tout en détournant la tête, demanda: Vous êtes sûr que votre ami du Quéroy n'a été marié qu'une fois ? L'interrogation précise prit Senneterre au dépourvu il eut, en dépit de lui-même, une hésitation intérieure et cependant formula l'unique réponse possible. Autant qu'on peut l'être de quelque chose. Vous le savez pertinemment? Dans un certain sens, non, du moins pas par mon propre témoignage. Senneterre, reprit le docteur Baucouse d'une voix grave, vous me connaissez assaz pour être persuadé que je ne parle pas à la légère. dans l'intérêt de votre jeune ami. qui m'eninspire beaucoup. tâchez -d'approfondir cette question, d'obteakyda&s un sensouedans un autre, une-certitude irréfutable. ••-̃ï Senneterre s'étonnait d'écouter avec un calme relatif ces singulières questions, mais à la vérité elles répondaient mystérieusement aux préoccupations qui plus d'une fois ces derniers mois s'étaient présentées inquiétantes à son esprit, il regarda un moment le docteur Baucouse dont le visage absorbé l'alarma sérieusement. cette vie si extraordinairement retirée de Mme du Quéroy devait indubitablement avoir eu une cause initiale. Maxime n'avait-il pas naïvement confessé que sa mère eut été de nature sociable et gaie. une idée qui était bien proche de la vérité apparut à l'esprit da Senneterre. le sou'ir des lettres si découragées de du Qué succédera a S. A., R. sur l'affiche des Bouffes-Parisiens' a pour titre 4 fois 7 28. '"̃: r C'est avec un douloureux intérêt que les spectateurs du plus parfait des Cinématographes, celui "des GrandsMagasins Dufayel. voient.los ravago3 causés par le catà. clysmo do la Sicile, ainsi que l'organisation des secours et les soins donnés aux blessés. D'autres vues comptertent le programme et, par leur note ou documentaire ou comiquo, font diversion et assurent un gros suecôs. Jardin d'iriver. Baffet-glaoier. Fivo o'cloek. tea. Spectacles prochains A l'Opéra: co soir, relâche; mercredi, Tannhceusen vendredi, Monna Vanna. A la Comédie française ce soir otjeudi, Scaramouche, Amoureuse; mercredi, vendredi et samedi, le Foyer: jeudi (matinée), Milhridatc, les Romanesques. A rOpéra-Comiçrue ce soir, Orphée; mercredi, Sanga; jeudi, Pelléas et Mêlisande; vendredi, reprise de Sap'ho; samedi, Carmen. ̃ A rOdéon ce sùir, la Mort de Pan, le Chandelier; mercredi, le Cœur et la Dot, ..Molière et sa Femme; jeudi (matinée), .tes Plaideurs, conférence do M. Charles Martel, la Mort de Pan; (sbiréo), l'Artésienne. Au Théâtro Lyrique de la Gaité co soir et vendredi, Cendrillon; mercredi, Jean de Nivelle; jeudi (matinée), Paul et Virginie; jeudi soir, répétition générale d'Sernani; samedi, premiûro représentation à'Bernani. Au Trianon-Lyriciuè ce soir et samedi, François lès Bas Bleus; mercredi, le Domino noir; jeudi, le Barbier de Sévllle; vendredi, Guillaume Tell. Au Gymnase ce soir, Mademoiselle Josette, ma femme. Samedi, 23 janvier, à 5 h. 10° Samedi de Madame. Chanteries curieuses, par Mme Yvette Guilhcrt, avec le concours de Monna Goiidré. KÉCEOJjOGIE Les obsèques de M. Albert Môrat seront célébrée? mercredi prochain, à dix heures, enl'église SaintPierre-de-Montrouge. Les personnes qui n'auraient pas reçu de lettre de faire-part sont priées de considérer le présent avis comme en tenant lieu. Ki E3 S M3 €© ES. TT Aviation La commission des élèves-pilotes, fondée par la Ligue 'o nationale aérienne, va recevoir incessamment le premier des aéroplanes qu'elle a commandés pour servir a l'instruction pratique de ses. élèves. C'est un aéroplane exactement semblable a ceux avec lesquels MM. Farman et Delagrango ̃ ont établi leurs célèbres records, notamment le laineux voyage de M. Farman de Cbàlons a Reims. Cet appareil est un biplan muni d'un moteur d'une força do 45 à 50 chevaux et pourvu. d'un -radio-condenseur ultra-léger.̃I-a commission des élèves-pilotes comprend d(ss maintenant 420 membres, dont 72 élèves do l'Ecole polytechnique, 76 de l'Kcolo' centrale et 48 do l'Ecole des mines. Escrime L'Association des maîtres d'armes titulaires des lycées, collèges, écoles et institutions de l'Uaiyersité de Franco adresse au général Brugêre, président de la Fédération des Sociétés d'escrime et des salles d'armes de France, une lettre signée de son président, M. L. Cain, et de son secrétaire général, M. A. Ruzé. Ils exposent que leur. Association a pris le 15 novembre 1906 l'initiative de demander à M. le général Picquart, ministre do la guerre, de vouloir bien examiner la possibilité de relever le coefficient de l'escrime dans les programmes d'examen dés candidats aux Ecoles polytechnique et de Saint-Cyr, l'escrime ayant été placée dans une sorte rie défaveur eu égard au coefficient très élevé dont a été favorisée la gymnastique. Ils demandaient aussi à M. le ministre de la guerre d'examiner l'utilité qu'il y aurait d'introduire un o-xamen d'escrime dans le programme d'osamon des candidats au grade d'ofneier do réserve choisis parmi les élèves sortant des grandes Ecoles (loi du 21 mars i905), afin que les futurs officiers ne paraissent pas être' inférieurs a leurs camarades do Polytechnique et de Saint-Cyr. Cette requête fut approuvée par plusieurs membres du Parlement et présentée par M. Sarraut, alors soussecrétaire d'Etat. Ello n'a pas encoro reçu de réponse. Dans ces conditions, l'Association demande au général Brugôre d'insister auprès du ministre afin qu'il lui donne satisfaction Cross Country L'épreuve finale du Championnat de France militaire de cross country, autorisé par le ministre do la guerre et organisé par l'Union des Sociétés françaises de sports athlétiques aura lieu le dimanche 14 mars. Los éliminatoires pour chaque, corps d'armée ont été fixées au dimanche 14 février. Les engagements qui sont gratuits sont dès maintenant ouverts, au siôgo de l'Union, 34, ru© de Provenco, a Paris. Ils seront clos iri'évoeablemeut le2févriers ̃̃ ̃'•̃̃̃ '••-̃̃̃-•̃-̃ ̃̃̃̃̃ ̃: .,̃ •: ̃• V.-J1.& SÔI8 IVfcîfïI I SSII* A feS"3"'a "s upprlclês pour /aTOILETïa. ~RESS DTPiEiUiêï~ACŸ d HODDI~ÂNmél9.rnu632xtnFFloaar4 SPECTACLES DU 19 JAKVIER Opéra.. h. Relâche.̃ Français. 8 h. 3/4. SearamouehCi Amoureuse. Opéra-Comique. 8 h. 3/4. Orphée. Odéon. 8 h. 1/2. Lo Chandelier. La Mort de Pan. Théâtre Antoine (Gêmier). 8 h. 1/4. Lo Mufle. Les Vainqueurs. Vaudeville. 9 h. Le Lys. Théâtre Sarah-Bernliardt. 8 h. 1/2. La Dame aux camélias. rhéàtre Kéjane. 8 h. 1/2. La Coursa du flambeau. Variétés. 8 h. 1/2. Un Mari trop, malin". Le Roi. Renaissance. 8 h. 3/4. L'Oiseau blessé. S-ymnase. 8 h. 3/4. La Joie du -talion. Mademoiselle Jossette, ma femme. rhéàtre Lyrique municipal (Gaîté). 8 h. 1/4. Cendrillon. Chàtelet..h. Relâche. Palais-Royal. 8 h. 3/4. L'Heure do la hergôro. fe.théné8. 8 h, 1/2. Arsêno Lupin. Ambigu. 8 h. 1/4. La Beauté du Diable. Folies-Dramatiques. 8 h. 3/4. Madame Malbrough. Nouveautés.. h. Relâche. Porte-Saint-îtfartin. 8 h. 1/2. La Femme X. Frianon-Lyrique. 8 1). 1/4. François les Bas Bleus. fhéâtre Mévisto (Bodiniffre). 9h. Répétition générale. Bouffes-Parisiens. 8 h. 3/4. S. A. R. 31uny. 8 h. 1/2. Moulard s'émancipe. Plumard et Barnabe. Jèjazfei 8h'. 1/2. L'Enfant de ma sœur.̃ rhéàtre des Artsi-Sh. l/fe Lettres hrùlées. La Tour du Silence, GRANDS ÛISp'lWE'i Co^frt àAG,qgîris 0 ÜFA Y E L~ Et HAGA8IN3 Ull In 8 & IL» Cinématographe Tous les jours, de 2 h. 1/2 à o h., sauf le dimanche. Phéâtre Molière. 8 h. 1/2. Gigolette. îomédio royale. 9 h. Comme les hlés. Littlo Mary.Le Crible de Paris, folies-Bergère. 8 h. 1/2. Revue des Folies-Bergère. ioala. 8 h. 1/2. La Môme Flora. Jrand Guignol. 9 h. Cent Lignes émues. Le Puits n» 4. -r Nuit d'IUyrie. Machin fils. Uno Présentation. hfachin ills. Une fhôâtropiione. Auditions de ce soir Français Amoureuse. Spectacles du 20 janvier )péra. TannhiBuser. français. Le Foyer.7 )péra-Cbmique" Sanga. )dôpn. Tartufe. Lauront. Molière et sa Femme. roy pendant sa première année de mariago lui revint avec une force et une précision qui rendaient,pr$sque inexplicables les relations si passionnément, tendres: du ménage. du Quéroy aurait abandonné sa femme; ia mère de Maxime ne serait pas l'épouse légitime! et Baucouse par quelque hasard inexpliqué sorait au courant, du moins soupçonnerait la situation, le cœur do Senneterre s'emplit d'une immense pitié pour la femme qui avait souffert, car., certes, elle avait souffert, cette lettre écrite de Lourdes à son fils qu'élait-ce sinon un cri d'angoisse. alors l'ami dévoué prit la ferme résolution d'aller au fond des choses, de s'assurer delà vérité, la vérité il fallait la savoir entière, sous peine de souffrances pour tous. Baucouse balançait une da ses grandes jambes et paraissait entendre l»s pensées de Senneterre, car il lui dit de son ton brusque et autoritaire Eclaircissez les choses et vanez-eu causer avec moi. vous savez si l'on peut se fior à ma discrétion. mais, en attendant, pour le bien do tous, il faut ici*modêrer l'allure. j'ai envie quo ma femme aille faire une visite à ses parents pour Noël, et ella pourrait emmener Berthe. Emmener Berthe ? Le docteur Baucouso enleva son lorgnon, ferma les yeux un moment et dit Croyez çue je n'agis.pas sans bonne» rai-, sons.. 7D'accord, mais on doit aller dimanche pro< chain chez Mme du Quôroy p Eh bien! on ira, votre sœur, son mari, Mathilde. et Bartho au retour. Gardez ce qiio.' je vous dis pour vous je persuaderai Adrïénng de laisser partir sa fille sans i'alarmer, aûcunçs-v ment; si on vous consulte, appuyez la chose' tout en évitant d'y donner de l'importance. Tristement le pauvre Senneterro soupira, il; lui parut que tous les beaux édifices de bonheur; qu'il édifiait depuis quelque temps venaient d'être subitement jetés à terre, il se prit là/' front et dit –s Décidément la vie est mauvaise. Souvent hélas, et précisément pour Isjl meilleurs, (A suivre.) Les Annonces sont reçues leiâtC2 ~û~~ilt~`Ÿâ:~ ~i.TN 4~.1'r~°~ Paris 8, F1'300 de la ?ourse> 8 PAR1S iTiTTrLTjr^jjîÊwIiBIîwiînrrnrTTii ~îiT~ZÎH~ COMMtTNXCATIOX-îS & ANNONCES Officiers ministériels Feate an Palais,àParis, le 13 février 1009, a 2 h. SMflS0Npà*RJ0SBPH4)IJI0N,15 bt 111~~I~c E a kl. ît-.ulu l ,10 Revenu brut environ 12,000 francs. Mise a prix I?0,0'J~ fr: ~z''Zi ~y sl~'i:i'~93 2~ !ct 11~ ~a3 n i ta.-Ciu o. Fevénn hrut environ. ~,(~°-0 francs. ilis^ .~i l,riz. ;i9,U~JiY fr~nos:. S'adresser ii.M" Rocceot, FevU1, Ciiomos, «voués a l>avi.s Lucien Baudrier, Durant;, des, àulnois, nolairus à Paris. ̃̃ • tillo HSOS Bîiofe-se, S7, av. La-Bourdonnais !) f: 4ù.w~. Fe 2.1,51'~ fr. M. il pr. 250,hL10 fr. "adi. s. 1 cm:h. ch. not. Paris, le 2 février 1909. B'ad;'a M» Bo.UR'EL,not.,30, r.duGénôral-Beuret.» ntre rise ~rivée assu,jettle au Controle de l'E~at. Fondée 1829. Une des deux plus s Compagnies Françaises d'Assurances sur la vie Liuniaine. Ses garanties de 1S0 Millions et son T~cé~e.xat libre supplémentaire de 27 Millions font de l"Un.ion. nelit une dçis plus riclies Compagnies. gsgs=casga8SSBgas^î^;S! ~| s g ^Dern=« omomo-s PrêcDemTrocDemBOURSES ETRANGERES Paris, le -16 janvier. INFORMATIOKS FINANCIERES |g Préc, S -g «ara ET AOnoraPrem. na., Pins DernI gg • cIôtur. cours °E""™"S clôtur. cours teDS ÊîBASGEES clôturcours *«.«̃««, le 19 Janvier )! ̃ ̃11 SSr I 1 « compta f.t a n» cours b». >as cou,, gg «o^t»».» uu» d«™ QifeîT roî;cnss w_ Lcs ])r,îUs m^oux ont cessé, et s'ils ^rf^puM^Cu»]^ ~¡; 1 ..G >. oni,ic~AT,10,NS DE yll,I,ES ClÔtUrcours I)II C',It'IT FOI~ClEr~ clôtuÍ" cours Ji!ffimS :e.îJ!l..NGER!I 1 conrs 1 II~ Pm'is, le l6 jmwier.. INFORMATIONS FI'P.TANCIE' RES £_ ̃ a AU (cours offlcicl) il""™" «»s«5 Co-nm 2 00 0/0 1379.. sept. -582 75 m Arcenlin K ft/0 1S38. 513 25 513 50 éàtt valeurs et Fonds Cours I avaient décida hier quelques spéculateurs a à fl,-fiO4»j«»OO Obligations roaeicrc3,95O HT" -0/0 Perpétue! «cpt. M « 40 «™j » Par .1 MB«on g» « SS l.| g è, ^Uô fe^^ollV^: goô ?îiS intornationanK de 2 vendre, ce-ax-ci doivent raeheteiaujourd'hui. *».» 3 O/O.4r« de re.narUUon. -Ue&t |ft.i. 19," r~f) S tTSl»lij.« 7W.̃ ^•̃jf 2;; "̃êS^rat^O/oi^Vn™ 515. ?•̃̃ Foncées 3 0/0 1^ tfrt>»®>° FS Sla ï sa 03' sér' ^v! D7 éS 53 ïo, KB 5 «Atduson W13/S i latioa nefait presque Tien. ̃̃̃ ̃̃ Et ainsi de suite, 1 nuçon do 4 pour mUle et ^o ̃•̃ # ̃• i.' esSon Voserta ce ra.wcB.lçpt. las '&>̃ | ;̃; f^4. juilJét îoo 50 loc.so Bons à otsiwfit ssi por. fo 06 .Tabicsw^g-* *»nv49st0 «"'•«>• .isi ^i Canada Pacific. 181 1 n n»ya guère 'truc des opérations de profead'une Obligation, en plus pour toute fraction, 13.. !i -i.1 "o,onL, 'fnïIS¡E~S 80/0. janv, cpt. 407. J.ô7.. Il pnris J876. ,oct, GH r,t> rvlô.. lic. 010 iS~~3, janv. 4~) ..4?1 fi,) Prù-iiice cle Bahi. dée. 50' -tÛ) e,11 cas, les cours sont plus fermes sur attrIbué: 1?07 i:: liS^tHOBÎiiiBiWlViioï. (.ne ioa «n.. érieMe janTic, S30 {) «a.. DéLrtcra.3fl/Ol888 oct p. 2o KîXtoff/wdi". W-so tÔM 102 l'/l. Mexicain 0 0/0 or i«». 1021/4 Le portugais se relève de 5G 60 a 57 55. 12 février seront passibles <le l'intérêt do retard, asoraii:: Îr^IÏ?JE:'T^ T^ ^v cSl' -30 T "T ::i ^ô g 2« crïd^f^Sc.d'Al^.janv. 400 ^g •KsUlgCr.cn. J»^«r |^ ^g ^séTranSc..3O/o'd6c 71 métaux Les Fonds russes sont fermes. Le 5 0/0 1906 conformément aux conditions générales de|750S^m^ïan:c:: ̃̃̃^̃^̃̃̃̃̃̃̃ ^̃̃^̃to-Z:$?&%Siï™viï* *»:: i5 ^» ? S" ̃• S» S» X*^0^: Slil »« «v* Cuivre «comptant. «m» I flttità 9925,1e consolidé à ss 90. rémiss,on.. 30-ii!?" i" 1--0^A^ïoui5:an"co'ooi;: Sine 1415 MB,. S MNord, act.de iJornss^-mv. «Ht.. lMo gJŒ°3 0/0.3anv. «8.. «0 Brésil 5 0/0. ;,» J* « to eo *2 '/• Antimoine. ̃ ̃ La Banque de Pans S'est avancée de Io29 ^a3 ^ien trouvé de mieux que de déclarer que .ïa-a:: î:: »^" '-«i» -J | SgggSSI «5 ;,±S£^:g: |» §g ^«^«ï»: || gï l=?Sîr?"ïi 1 I' iïïliïSSSAaSÏÏÏ^Sffi.%1^; tVffSS^Ï^rfeA.J'îXî: .152,j r) .i. 'D. aoiit1 101 ,l, la prâd~i~nllt c11~qUC jouI' dans de n(~r~tle est Aux ~sotiscr!Dteurs de 751 ,lt 1,0,~O Oblitions, ;)~ .11t) ".4~ .CO~ti'TOI',t iN.TlOr,L 1)'V~l-t"l'ITE.(,,I)l~ -,12 714 -12 ~lar6ej'ile 3 010 41.. 4l:J.. 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Ê« SS i "S'co.im.. ».t >u la I)rofes;ga_L_=_sg-g=^g 93ft> BonsduTrésor5o/o«x)ijopt 51075 Bi? m' Ateï^f Chant "oirejan": mo 17ÏS Santa-Fé 5 0/0 juillet 570 578 = oclsenkirchen «O WD ;•' indécis mal impressionne par les nouvelles conÇOIOSS LAINES roiViiiiCAFES CAFES40/0 T7Ô6 i: .SEEBK 4 0/0.•̃•̃•••• ;Jan™r ;̃ fi:S.. S «:: Chani.etAt.Gironde..dec. 1200 OBtlOATIOSS DITEBSES CuecniePanier ,» fea"£?, P'M S3 ro tradictoires deSerbie. Les affaires d'autre part 51^^ ÔTÏÏeTT ôli^irl ÔIIT^. ~MÎdT "52. 'Sa. :p-cS£âs^Si: SS ^?I: ^SS? 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github_open_source_100_8_20047 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace MetaCrafts.Gateway.Common.Helper
{
public class PageHelper
{
}
}
|
44449813_1 | Wikipedia | CC-By-SA | Josep Arrau i Barba (4 May 1802 - 2 January 1872) was a Catalan painter, noted for his portraits. Described as an "intellectual artist," he was also a pioneer of a contemporary, multi-disciplinary approach to art conservation, and published a number of works on the subject as well as conducting workshops on restoration and conservation work.
Biography
He was born in Barcelona. His father, , was a noted painter and poet of the Campeny generation; his grandfather and great-grandfather were sculptors. The French invasion of 1808 forced his parents to leave Barcelona and seek refuge in Reus, where he first displayed talent for drawing. They returned home in 1814 and, the following year, he began studying Latin at the Colegio Tridentino. Soon after, he received his first art lessons from his father, but they were ended after a short time by his father's premature death.
He then continued his studies at the Escola de la Llotja and in the workshop of , where he studied architecture and geometry as well as the mechanics of painting. He was at la Llotja From 1819 to 1826, where he received several prizes at their exhibitions. During this time he occasionally took lessons from the sculptor, Damià Campeny. Eager to learn all he could about everything that related to his art, he took a courses in anatomy at the College of Medicine; studied chemistry to understand the composition of paints and the processes of restoration and also took course in botany. In 1829, the culmination of all this work was a professorship of drawing at the College of the Piarist Schools of Barcelona.
In 1831, he visited Milan, where he took lessons from Giuseppe Molteni. He began by copying Molteni's works, but was soon painting from nature and assisting with the restoration of several canvases. The following year he returned home, by way of France, and established his own studio in Barcelona, where he specialized in portraits. In 1835, he made a second trip to Italy with his good friend, the physicist, . While there, Agell studied electricity and Arrau produced a painting of the Convent of Santa Caterina and a portrait of his friend.
His first commercial success came in 1833 with a portrait of King Fernando VII, dressed in the uniform of the Order of the Golden Fleece, which he researched in Madrid so he could render the details accurately.
After 1834, he made several presentations at the "Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona", once again reflecting his eclectic interests; covering the history of art, natural sciences, the new daguerreotyping processes and Chevreul's work on the chemistry of dyes. Many of these were published as pamphlets. A particular area of interest was the subject of art conservation and restoration. He deplored restoration work carried out by inexperienced restorers and called for new restoration procedures to repair the mistakes that had been made in the past. He wrote a number of essays and conducted workshops in which he outlined advances in scientific research that could be applied to the restoration of paintings. As such, he was a pioneer of a multi-disciplinary approach to restoration and conservation.
He became President of Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona in 1866. As an educator, he had a very clear vision of all the disciplines that an aspiring artist needed to acquire. He was equally exacting in his vision for the training of art conservation methods. He has been described as one "great intellectuals of his time."
He married Teresa Roger in 1854 at the age of fifty-two and, in his later years, concentrated entirely on portraits. He died in Barcelona, aged 69. After his death, his widow donated three artworks to the National Art Museum of Catalonia, in accordance with her husband's wishes.
Work
Arrau was not only a prolific painter, but also a prolific writer. He published works on a diverse range of topics, and was one of the first artists to explore the possibilities of photography for artists. He also maintained personal journals in which he recorded his views on a variety of art subjects. These journals are now in the collection of the Archives of the City of Barcelona, where they have proved to be very useful to scholars investigating the early history of art conservation in 19th-century Spain.
Select list of paintings
The Mob, [Depiction of the riots on the La Rambla, Barcelona in August, 1835], 1835
Dama Catalana, [Catalan Woman], 1854
Un Joven Africano, [Young African Boy], 1855 Exhibited at the Exposición Universal de Paris (1855)
Una Alquimista, [The Alchemist], 1866 Exhibited at Academia de Bellas Artes de Barcelona (1866)
Un Viejo, [Old Man], 1866 Exhibited at Academia de Bellas Artes de Barcelona (1866)
Niñas Agell, [Agell daughters], 1872
Retrato de un Niño Cazador, [Portrait of a Boy Hunter], date unknown
Portrait of Damià Campeny, date unknown
Publications
Acerca del Modo de Limpiar y Restaurar Pintura, [On Methods of Cleaning and Restoring Painting], 1834
Acerca de los Sistems de las Escuelas Antigas de Pintura, [On the Methods of Painting in the Ancient Schools], 1835
Paralelo entre los Estilos de Zurbarán y Murillo, [Comparison of the Styles of Zurbarán and Murillo], 1838
La Fotografía Exerimentada por un Pintor con Mentalidad Científica, [Experimental Photography for the Painter with a Scientific Mind], 1839
Observaciones Acerca del Daguerrotipo, [Observations about Daguerrotype], 1839
Acerca de lo que falta descubrir para juntar la parte teóretica y cientifica de la pintura, [About what Remains to be Discovered to Combine the Theory and Science of Painting], 1850
Acerca de las Escuelas de Dibujo par los Artesanos, [About the Drawing Schools for Artesans], 1850
Teória Tónica y Cromatica Aplicada a la Pintura, [Theory of Tone and Colour Applied to Painting], 1854
Necrológica de Don Damián Campeny, [Obituary of Don Damián Campeny], 1857
References
Further reading
Joan Sacs, "Josep Arrau i Barba", in D'Aci D'Allá, March 1929
Josep F. Ràfols, "A d'obres donatiu Josep Arrau", in Butlletí dels Museus d'Art de Barcelona'', November 1937
External links
Historic Archive of the City of Barcelona: Personal papers and manuscripts by Arrau.
1802 births
1872 deaths
19th-century Spanish painters
19th-century Spanish male artists
Spanish male painters
Painters from Catalonia
Portrait painters.
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US-202217648758-A_1 | USPTO | Public Domain | Magnetic recording tape and apparatus
ABSTRACT
A magnetic recording tape comprises a tape substrate, a perpendicular magnetic recording layer disposed over the tape substrate, and a soft-magnetic underlayer disposed between the recording layer and the tape substrate. The perpendicular magnetic recording layer comprises magnetic particles suspended in a binder material, and the soft-magnetic underlayer comprises a continuous film of soft-magnetic material. The magnetic particles in the recording layer comprise one of barium ferrite, strontium ferrite, epsilon iron oxide and chromium dioxide. Tape storage apparatus employing such tape is also provided. The apparatus comprises a read/write head having at least one probe write-head for writing data by perpendicular recording on magnetic tape, at least one reel of magnetic tape as defined above, and a tape transport mechanism for transporting the magnetic tape past the read/write head.
BACKGROUND
The present invention relates generally to magnetic recording tape. Magnetic recording tape having a perpendicular magnetic recording layer is provided, along with methods of producing the tape and storage apparatus employing the tape.
Conventional magnetic tape recording systems use tape media with a magnetic recording layer of barium ferrite particles, applied by a liquid coating process, and a ring write-head for recording data in that layer. In order to scale the areal density of magnetic tape recording systems, it is critical to scale the size/volume of the magnetic particles in the tape media. Reducing the size of the magnetic particles reduces the thermal stability of written data over time. It is therefore necessary to increase the coercivity of the particles to maintain the stability of the data. Unfortunately, increasing the particle coercivity increases the magnitude of the magnetic field required to change the magnetic state of the particles, i.e. to write data, and at some point it becomes difficult to produce sufficient field.
The HDD (Hard Disk Drive) industry pioneers developments in magnetic recording due to the proliferation of hard disks in modern technology and the huge budgets available for research and development. Around 2005, the HDD industry commercialized a solution to the above problem whereby the ring write-head was replaced with a probe (monopole) write-head in combination with a sputtered disk medium that incorporates a soft-magnetic underlayer. This defined a move away from longitudinal recording, in which the axis of easy magnetization in the recording layer is parallel to the disk surface, to perpendicular recording. With a perpendicular magnetic recording layer, the axis of easy magnetization is perpendicular to the plane of the disk, and the soft-magnetic underlayer provides a return path for flux from the write-head. This design effectively places the recording medium in the write gap of the head, i.e. the medium becomes part of the write-head, enabling production of stronger magnetic fields in the region where data is to be written, and hence higher areal densities.
Due to smaller research budgets in the magnetic tape industry, this industry conventionally follows developments in the HDD industry, and advances in HDD technology are then adopted for magnetic tape. The breakthrough described above was thus applied to magnetic tape, as described in: “Exploratory Experiments in Recording on Sputtered Magnetic Tape at an Areal Density of 148 Gb/in²”. Tachibana et al., IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 50, No. 11, pp. 1-6, November 2014; and “201 Gb/in² Recording Areal Density on Sputtered Magnetic Tape”, Furrer et al., IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 54, Issue 2, February 2018. These designs used sputtered media and materials, such as platinum and ruthenium, in the magnetic recording layer as used for perpendicular recording in HDDs. Similarly, Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2004-362746 and US Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0065682 described perpendicular magnetic recording media, here with a particulate recording layer in conjunction with a soft-magnetic underlayer, in which the magnetic particles in the recording layer were based on the materials used in HDDs, specifically alloys of elements in groups 8 to 11 of the periodic table.
In view of the continuing need for advances in magnetic recording technology, improvements in magnetic tape media would be highly desirable.
SUMMARY
A first aspect of the present invention provides a magnetic recording tape comprising a tape substrate, a perpendicular magnetic recording layer disposed over the tape substrate, and a soft-magnetic underlayer disposed between the recording layer and the tape substrate. The perpendicular magnetic recording layer comprises magnetic particles suspended in a binder material, and the soft-magnetic underlayer comprises a continuous film of soft-magnetic material. The magnetic particles in the recording layer comprise one of barium ferrite, strontium ferrite, epsilon iron oxide and chromium dioxide.
Tape media embodying this invention depart radically from the approach explained above. The present inventors have broken the convention of following the lead from HDD technology, moving away from the magnetic materials dictated by that technology for recording layers used with soft-magnetic underlayers. Instead, the magnetic particle materials used in embodiments of this invention embrace those used in the old-style particulate tape media. This is a radical move considering that the switch to media with recording layers designed for use with soft-magnetic underlayers was made precisely to improve upon performance of those previous materials. By overcoming the prejudice against what might otherwise have been dismissed as a backwards step towards old technology, the present inventors have achieved a tape medium which is in fact particularly advantageous. The combination of a perpendicular magnetic recording layer comprising magnetic particles defined above (which are chemically very different to the group 8 to 11 alloys of the prior art references), and a soft-magnetic underlayer which is continuous (i.e. non-particulate), provides a magnetic tape which is easy to fabricate, inexpensive to produce, and offers excellent areal density and overall performance. This represents a significant advance for magnetic tape storage.
The magnetic particles of preferred embodiments comprise one of barium ferrite and strontium ferrite, most preferably strontium ferrite which offers especially high areal density recording.
The soft-magnetic underlayers of preferred embodiments may incorporate one or more antiferromagnetic or non-magnetic layers. For example, the soft-magnetic underlayer may comprise two continuous films of soft-magnetic material with a very thin (less than 2 nm) antiferromagnetic coupling layer disposed between the films, or may comprise a laminate formed of a plurality of continuous films of soft-magnetic material with non-magnetic decoupling layers disposed between the films. These designs reduce noise in the readback process due to domain walls in the soft-magnetic underlayer, improving the SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) on readback.
Preferred embodiments also include a capping layer formed on the soft-magnetic underlayer. Such a capping layer may serve to protect the soft-magnetic underlayer by inhibiting oxidation and/or to tune electrical properties of the tape. Advantageously, this capping layer can be formed in the same vacuum process as the underlayer itself.
In some embodiments, the magnetic particles may include at least one substitution element for tuning coercivity of the particles as described further below. Tapes embodying the invention may also include various additional layers, detailed below, for influencing particular tape properties.
Another aspect of the invention provides a tape storage apparatus comprising a read/write head including at least one probe write-head for writing data by perpendicular recording on magnetic tape, at least one reel of magnetic tape according to the first aspect of the invention above, and a tape transport mechanism for transporting the magnetic tape past the read/write head.
A further aspect of the invention provides a method for producing a magnetic recording tape according to the first aspect of the invention. In this method, the continuous film of soft-magnetic material provided by the soft-magnetic underlayer is produced by one of a sputtering and an evaporation process, and the perpendicular magnetic recording layer is formed over the underlayer by a liquid-coating process.
Embodiments of the invention will be described in more detail below, by way of illustrative and non-limiting example, with reference to the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustrating perpendicular recording in a storage apparatus employing magnetic tape, according to at least one embodiment;
FIG. 2 illustrates a portion of the components of FIG. 1 , according to at least one embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-section of a magnetic tape, according to at least one embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-section showing a modification to the magnetic tape of FIG. 3 , according to at least one embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-section of a magnetic tape, according to at least one embodiment; and
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-section of a magnetic tape, according to at least one embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The FIG. 1 schematic illustrates operation of a tape storage apparatus embodying the invention for perpendicular recording on magnetic tape. The apparatus 1 has a read/write head which includes at least one probe write-head 2 for writing data on a reel of magnetic tape 3. In practice, the read/write head of apparatus 1 may include one or more write modules each including multiple probe write elements 2 for writing data in respective tracks of the tape 3. For example, a typical read/write head may comprise two write modules, each with multiple (e.g., 32) write elements (plus servo elements for tracking), and a read module with multiple read elements (not shown) for readback of data from the tape tracks. The tape reel is housed in a cartridge/cassette (not shown) which is loaded and presented to the head for read/write operations. The storage apparatus 1 typically includes a library of tape cartridges which can be selected and loaded automatically to one or more drives as is well known in the art, where each drive includes a read/write head as described above. During read/write operations, a tape transport mechanism, indicated schematically at 5, operates to transport the tape 3 past the head in generally known manner.
The probe write-head 2 comprises a monopole tip 6 and a return pole 7 for writing data by perpendicular recording on the tape 3. The tape 3 comprises a tape substrate 9 and a perpendicular magnetic recording layer 10 disposed over the substrate 9. The recording layer 10 comprises magnetic particles suspended in a binder material as described further below. As indicated schematically by the arrows on magnetic particles 11 in the figure, the axis of easy magnetization of the magnetic particles is orientated substantially perpendicularly to the surface of tape 3. The tape 3 further comprises a soft-magnetic underlayer (SUL) 12 which is disposed between recording layer 10 and the tape substrate 9. The SUL 12 comprises a continuous (non-particulate) film of soft-magnetic material as described further below.
In a write operation, magnetic flux from the probe tip 6 passes through the tape medium as indicated schematically by the arrows in the figure. Flux emanating from the tip 6 is substantially perpendicular to the recording layer, whereby the particles are orientated to write a “1” or “0” depending on the direction of the applied field. The SUL 12 provides a return path for the magnetic field to return pole 7 of the write-head.
FIG. 2 shows the key components of the recording system drawn approximately to scale. In preferred embodiments of magnetic tape 3, the particulate recording layer 10 has a thickness t_(R) in the range 10 nm≤t_(R)≤70 nm, and most preferably 10 nm≤t_(R)≤40 nm. The SUL 12 preferably has a thickness t_(S) in the range 20 nm≤t_(S)≤200 nm, most preferably 40 nm≤t_(S)≤120 nm. The tape substrate 9 is typically less than 5 microns thick and may be formed, for example, of PEN (polyethylene naphthalate), PET (polyethylene terephthalate), Spaltan substrate material, Aramid (aromatic polyamide) or PEEK (polyetheretherketone). Blends of these and/or other known materials may also be used in substrate 9.
The SUL12 comprises at least one layer of magnetically-soft material such as CoZrNb, FeAlSi, Fe₆₅Co₃₅, CoTaZr, FeCoTaZr, CoNiZr, Fe₄₄Co₄₄Zr₇B₄Cu, Ni₈₁Fe₁₉, Ni₄₅Fe₅₅, FeAlN, (Fe₇₀Co₃₀)N, FeTaC and/or other materials well-known in the field. This magnetically-soft layer is formed (directly or indirectly) over the substrate 9 by one one of a sputtering and an evaporation process, thereby producing a continuous (non-particulate) thin film of magnetically-soft material. Well-known sputtering/evaporation techniques can be applied for depositing the SUL 12, particular examples being described in the Tachibana and Furrer references above. In general, the SUL may be deposited by one or more stages of sputtering/evaporation and may have a composite structure as described further below.
In the particulate magnetic recording layer 10, the magnetic particles comprise one of barium ferrite, strontium ferrite, epsilon iron oxide and chromium dioxide. These particles are suspended in a binder material, typically some form of polymer material. Examples of binder materials include hard resins that use polyvinyl chloride-polyvinyl acetate-polyvinyl alcohol terpolymers. Such hard resins can be bound with a softer polyurethane (PU) resin component. Other examples of binder systems include sulfonated (PU) dispersing resins. The particulate magnetic layer can be produced using well-known techniques for particulate recording layers in magnetic tape (see, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,478,331 and 9,378,878). The magnetic particles in this layer are preferably monodisperse, having substantially uniform size, i.e. small standard deviation in particle volume, and preferably also coercivity. The recording layer 10 is formed (directly or indirectly) over SUL 12 by a conventional liquid-coating process in which the tape is drawn past an extrusion head of the coating apparatus to deposit the particulate material on the exposed surface of the tape. The perpendicular orientation of particles in the magnetic layer can be achieved by application of a magnetic field to align the particles during the coating process. In some embodiments, the magnetic particles may include at least one substitution element for tuning coercivity of the particles as described, for example, in the US patents referenced above. Examples of such substitution elements include Zn, Co, Al, Ti, Nb and alloys of these and/or other elements such as Sn, Zr and Mn. The magnetic recording layer of some embodiments may also contain non-magnetic particles, e.g., particles of aluminium oxide, to control the surface roughness and contact between the tape and head as is well known to those skilled in the art.
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-section of a preferred magnetic tape 20 embodying the invention. This tape 20 comprises a perpendicularly-oriented particulate magnetic layer 21 in which the magnetic particles comprise one of barium ferrite and strontium ferrite, most preferably strontium ferrite. The recording layer 21 is formed over a composite SUL 22 which comprises two continuous films 23 a, 23 b of soft-magnetic material with a thin antiferromagnetic coupling layer 24 disposed between these films. The antiferromagnetic coupling layer 24 has a thickness of less than 2 nm, preferably about 1 nm, and may be formed of antiferromagnetic material such as Ru or IrMn. Soft-magnetic layers 23 a, 23 b may be formed of various materials as described above, each having a thickness of less than 100 nm. As a particular example, SUL 22 may comprise 50 nm layers 23 a, 23 b of CoZrNb and a 1 nm Ru coupling layer 24. Each of the constituent layers of SUL 22 are produced by one of a sputtering and an evaporation process, whereby all layers can be deposited in the same vacuum deposition procedure. Magnetic recording layer 21 is applied by a liquid-coating process as described above.
FIG. 4 shows a modification to the FIG. 3 tape in which like components are indicated by like reference numerals. This tape 25 includes a thin capping layer 26 formed on the SUL 22. This capping layer has a thickness of 1 to 5 nm and is deposited by evaporation/sputtering in the same vacuum deposition process as SUL 22. The material of capping layer 26 can be selected to protect the SUL 22 against oxidation and/or to tune the electrical resistance of the tape media. In particular, if resistivity of the tape is too high, this can cause triboelectric charging and compromise performance. The capping layer material can be selected to enhance electrical conductivity of the tape and thus inhibit tribo-charging. Particular examples of capping layer materials include SiN and carbon-based films such as DLC (diamond-like carbon).
FIG. 5 shows a schematic cross-section of another preferred embodiment of the magnetic tape in which components described above are again indicated by like references. This tape 30 has an SUL 31 which comprises a laminate formed of a plurality of continuous films 32 of soft-magnetic material with non-magnetic decoupling layers 33 disposed between the films 32. This example shows four soft-magnetic layers 32, though a multilayer laminate SUL may be formed by multiple layers 32 separated by non-magnetic decoupling layers 33. The layers 32, 33 may be formed of various materials as described above. In a particular embodiment here, SUL 31 may comprise multiple layers 32 of FeALSi, e.g. about 10 nm thick, with carbon decoupling layers of about 4 nm in between. Each of the constituent layers of SUL 31 is produced by one of a sputtering and an evaporation process, whereby all layers can be deposited in the same vacuum deposition procedure.
The magnetic recording tapes described above, with a sputtered/evaporated SUL and a perpendicularly-orientated particulate magnetic coating, allow high-density recording to be achieved using magnetic tape which is both easy to fabricate and inexpensive to produce. Far higher areal density can be achieved than with conventional magnetic tape and the tape media employing SULs described in the Tachibana and Furrer references above. Use of costly materials such as platinum and ruthenium can be eliminated entirely if desired, or embodiments can utilize such materials at cost-effective levels as for the thin Ru antiferromagnetic coupling layer of FIGS. 3 and 4 . The overall cost of the tape media can thus be very significantly reduced. Moreover, an additional benefit of eliminating the ruthenium intermediate layer used in the tape media of Tachibana and Furrer is that this reduces the distance between the magnetic recording layer and the SUL which further improves the write process, leading to a higher SNR. The composite SUL structures of FIGS. 3 to 5 also reduce noise in the readback process due to domain walls in the soft-magnetic underlayer, further improving SNR on readback.
The FIG. 6 schematic illustrates additional layers which may be included (individually or in combinations) in tape media embodying the invention. The tape 40 shown here has a liquid-coated particulate magnetic layer 41, and an SUL 42 (which may have a composite layer structure as described above) with an SUL capping layer 43. A non-magnetic layer 44 is disposed between the magnetic recording layer 41 and the SUL capping layer 43. This non-magnetic layer 44, which can be deposited by liquid-coating prior to forming the recording layer, can be used to tune the electrical conductivity of the tape surface and/or to tune the tape surface roughness. Exemplary materials for this layer 44 include polymer materials containing carbon particles, where the amount of carbon is adjusted to tune electrical conductivity and/or surface roughness. A thin seed layer 45, e.g. of Ta or Ti, is deposited by evaporation or sputtering between the SUL 42 and tape substrate 46. This seed layer can be used to increase adhesion and/or to influence structure of the SUL, e.g. to achieve a desired amorphous or polycrystalline SUL material structure. A back-coat layer 47 is also formed on the underside of tape substrate 46, e.g. by a liquid-coating process. The back-coat may be formed, for example, of a polymer loaded with carbon or other filler particles to tune roughness of the underside of the tape and control adhesion during spooling and un-spooling. The magnetic layer 41 and/or non-magnetic underlayer 44 may also include a lubricant (which may be mixed with the binder material or applied as a top-coat) to reduce friction between the tape and read/write head. Where additional layers 44, 45 and 47 are included in tapes embodying the invention, thickness of these layers is preferably minimized as far as possible.
It will be appreciated that various other changes and modifications can be made to the particular embodiments described. In general, where features are described herein with reference to a magnetic tape embodying the invention, corresponding features may be provided in a method of producing magnetic recording tape and in a tape storage apparatus embodying the invention.
The descriptions of the various embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration, but are not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein was chosen to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application or technical improvement over technologies found in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
What is claimed is:
1. A magnetic recording tape comprising: a tape substrate; a perpendicular magnetic recording layer, comprising magnetic particles suspended in a binder material, disposed over the tape substrate; and a soft-magnetic underlayer, comprising a continuous film of soft-magnetic material, disposed between the recording layer and the tape substrate; and wherein said magnetic particles comprise one of barium ferrite, strontium ferrite, epsilon iron oxide and chromium dioxide.
2. A magnetic tape as claimed in claim 1 wherein said magnetic particles comprise one of barium ferrite and strontium ferrite.
3. A magnetic tape as claimed in claim 1 wherein said magnetic particles comprise strontium ferrite.
4. A magnetic tape as claimed in claim 1 wherein the magnetic recording layer has a thickness of from 10 nm to 70 nm.
5. A magnetic tape as claimed in claim 1 wherein the magnetic recording layer has a thickness of from 10 nm to 40 nm.
6. A magnetic tape as claimed in claim 1 wherein the soft-magnetic underlayer has a thickness of from 20 nm to 200 nm.
7. A magnetic tape as claimed in claim 1 wherein the soft-magnetic underlayer has a thickness of from 40 nm to 120 nm.
8. A magnetic tape as claimed in claim 1 wherein the soft-magnetic underlayer comprises two continuous films of soft-magnetic material with an antiferromagnetic coupling layer disposed between the films.
9. A magnetic tape as claimed in claim 8 wherein the antiferromagnetic coupling layer has a thickness of less than 2 nm.
10. A magnetic tape as claimed in claim 1 wherein the soft-magnetic underlayer comprises a laminate formed of a plurality of continuous films of soft-magnetic material with non-magnetic decoupling layers disposed between the films.
11. A magnetic tape as claimed in claim 1 including a capping layer formed on the soft-magnetic underlayer.
12. A magnetic tape as claimed in claim 11 wherein the capping layer has a thickness of from 1 nm to 5 nm.
13. A magnetic tape as claimed in claim 1 wherein said magnetic particles include at least one substitution element for tuning coercivity of the particles.
14. A magnetic tape as claimed in claim 1 wherein said magnetic particles are monodisperse.
15. A magnetic tape as claimed in claim 1 including a non-magnetic layer disposed between the magnetic recording layer and the soft-magnetic underlayer.
16. A magnetic tape as claimed in claim 1 including a seed layer disposed between the soft-magnetic underlayer and the tape substrate.
17. A magnetic tape as claimed in claim 1 including a back-coat layer, formed on an underside of the tape substrate, for tuning roughness of the underside of the tape.
18. A magnetic recording tape comprising: a tape substrate; a perpendicular magnetic recording layer, comprising magnetic particles suspended in a binder material, disposed over the tape substrate, wherein said magnetic particles comprise strontium ferrite; and a soft-magnetic underlayer disposed between the recording layer and the tape substrate, said underlayer comprising two continuous films of soft-magnetic material with an antiferromagnetic coupling layer disposed between the films.
19. A magnetic recording tape comprising: a tape substrate; a perpendicular magnetic recording layer, comprising magnetic particles suspended in a binder material, disposed over the tape substrate, wherein said magnetic particles comprise strontium ferrite; and a soft-magnetic underlayer disposed between the recording layer and the tape substrate, said underlayer comprising a laminate formed of a plurality of continuous films of soft-magnetic material with non-magnetic decoupling layers disposed between the films.
20. A tape storage apparatus comprising: a read/write head including at least one probe write-head for writing data by perpendicular recording on magnetic tape; at least one reel of magnetic tape; and a tape transport mechanism for transporting the magnetic tape past the read/write head; and wherein the magnetic tape comprises a tape substrate, a perpendicular magnetic recording layer, comprising magnetic particles suspended in a binder material, disposed over the tape substrate, and a soft-magnetic underlayer, comprising a continuous film of soft-magnetic material, disposed between the recording layer and the tape substrate, said magnetic particles comprising one of barium ferrite, strontium ferrite, epsilon iron oxide and chromium dioxide.
21. A method for producing a magnetic recording tape, the method comprising: forming a soft-magnetic underlayer over a tape substrate, the underlayer comprising a continuous film of soft-magnetic material produced by one of a sputtering and an evaporation process; and forming a perpendicular magnetic recording layer, comprising magnetic particles suspended in a binder material, over the underlayer by a liquid-coating process; and wherein said magnetic particles comprise one of barium ferrite, strontium ferrite, epsilon iron oxide and chromium dioxide.
22. A method as claimed in claim 21 wherein said magnetic particles comprise one of barium ferrite and strontium ferrite.
23. A method as claimed in claim 21 wherein said magnetic particles comprise strontium ferrite.
24. A method as claimed in claim 21 wherein the soft-magnetic underlayer comprises two continuous films of soft-magnetic material with an antiferromagnetic coupling layer disposed between the films, each of the continuous films and the antiferromagnetic coupling layer being produced by one of a sputtering and an evaporation process.
25. A method as claimed in claim 21 wherein the soft-magnetic underlayer is formed as a laminate comprising a plurality of continuous films of soft-magnetic material with non-magnetic decoupling layers disposed between the films, wherein each of the continuous films and antiferromagnetic coupling layers is produced by one of a sputtering and an evaporation process..
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EKZLY4VLLTZ7KQIJDY5PQCVOS7BHVD5V_1 | German-PD-Newspapers | Public Domain | der e Priehuhg sem uft werden . Brocke . rnsbeerger Ne . 39 . Freitag den 17 . Mai 1833 . Mei 183 . hoff . eiber hers aus Vlersa , " Emannel ankfurt am Mi , ifleute . aus Eanepersit ve richte ) Bekanntmachungen . Subhastations = Patente . ( 1 ) Im Wege der Exekution sollen nachstehende , der Christina Bottenberg zu Meiswinkel zugehörigen , im Kreise Siegen , Bürgermeisterei Freudenberg und Commüne Meiswinkel belegenen Grundstücke , als : 1 ) das in Meiswinkel belegene durchaus verfallene Wohnhaus , taxirt zu 30 Thlr . 2 ) 126 Ruthen Feld am Heckelchen , ist in Meiswinkeler Gemar kung , an den Gemeinde = Hauberg gelegen , taxirt 25 Thlr . 6 Sgr . Ruthen dto über dem Augustfelde , an das Grundstück des Johs Klein in Meiswinkel gelegen , kaxirt zu 15 Thlr . 9 Sgr . 4 ) 25 Ruthen dto vorn an der Seite das oberhalb dem Grundstück des Johs Klein gelegen , tax . 5 Thlr . 25 Sgr , 5 ) 32 Ruthen Wiese über der Fuhrt , an die Wiese des Oberförster Achenbach stoßend , taxirt 12 Thlr . 24 Sgr . 6 ) 18 Ruthen Grashof vor dem Yause gelegen , taxirt 9 Thlr . , zur nothwendigen Subhastation gezogen werden . Der Lizitationstermin ist auf den 3 . Juni Morgens 10 Uhr an gewöhnlicher Gerichtsstelle vor dem deputirten Justizamts = Assessor Varne seus anberaumt , wozu Kauflustige mit dem Bemerken eingeladen werden , daß der Leztbietende , wenn keine gesetzliche Hindernisse obwalten , den Zuschlag zu gewartigen hat und Nachgebote nach Ablauf des Termins , nur mit Ein bitigung sämmtlicher Interessenten , den Letztbietenden eingeschlossen , angenome dies werden können . Taxe und Vorwarden liegen zu jeder Zeit in unserer Potratur zur Einsicht , offen . Zugleich werden alle etwaigen unbekannte. — 306 — Realprätendentev hierdurch aufgefordert , ihre Ansprüche an die vorstesend , Grundstücke längstens bis zu dem anstehenden Termine , zur Vermeidung de # Präclusion , anzumelden. Siegen , den 18. März 1833. Königl. Preuß. Jusiiz = Aut Freudenberg. ( 2 ) Auf den Antrag eines Gläubigers sollen folgende , dem Johann Wilhela Müller zugehörige , bei Dreislar , Bürgermeisterei Medebach , Kreises Vella. gelegene Grundstücke , als : 1 ) ein Ackerland von 3 : Mesten , vor den Haus = Aeckern , taxirt zu 10 Shle. 2 ) eine Wiese von 4 Fuder unter dem Stücke ad 1. v 16 Lhle. 3 ) ein Ackerland am Berge von 2 Mesten. : 7 Lpu. 4 ) ein Wildland auf dem Rügen von 1 Mütte. „ n „ 3 Thh. zur nothwendigen Subhastation gezogen werden und ist der einzige Bietungs termin auf den 24 Juni Morgens 9 Uhr imn hiesigen Gerichtslokale # # gesetzt , wozu Kaufliebhaber mit dem Bemerken eingeladen werden , daß nach Abhaltung des Lizicationstermins neue Gebote nur mit Einwilligung sämmtll cher Interessenten , den Meisibietenden eingeschlossen zuläßig sind. Taxe un Vorwarden können in der hiesigen Gerichtsregistratur eingesehen werden # # müßen alle unbekannte Realprätendenten ihre dinglichen Ansprüche spätestens im Lizitationstermine anmelden und begründen unter dem Nachtheile der Au # schließung. Medebach , den 10. April 1833. Königlich Preuß. Justiz : Amk. ( ). Auf den Antrag eines Gläubigers der Eheleute Johann Henrich Burbach sollen folgende im Kreise Siegen , Bürgermeisteret Witrgg müne Burbach belegene Grundstücke , als : 1 ) das in Tu. z tulh catast , belegene Wohnhaus nebst Kohlgärtchen und Dübgereg # # # # 100 Thlr. „ 2 ) 81 Ruchen Garten im Büllgarten ; kapirt 9u. # # #. 6 Pf. 3 ) 72 Ruthen Ackerland an der Störr , kaxirk zu 14 ; # 4 ) 11 Ruthen Wiese auf der Irlenwiese , taxirt zu 2 Thlr , G gHg , gag Ruthen desgl. daselbst , taxirt zu 1 Thlr. 19 Sgr. 6. Pf. # # # # desgl. , daselbst , taxirt zu 25 Sgr. 6 Pf. 7 ) 13 : Ruther igg texict zu 2 Thlr. 21 Sgr. 8 ) 34 R. desgl. vor der großen Se Juu Pgt , im Krei Lup wi - gericktl Muh erlsfation gero Philiar. 400 eiwaige unbekannte Real = Prätendenten und Ereditoren aufgefordert , in. , sprüche spätestens im Lieitations Termine bei Strafe der Präclusion anuung , den und zu bescheinigen. „ Die Taxe und Verkaufsbedingungen können tizih in der Gerichts : Registratur eing sehen werden. Gesecke , den 26. März 1833. Könizlich Preuß. Jusizamt. Sicheh ( 10 ) Auf den Antrag eines Gläubigers ist das dem Häusler Jost # # mannshausen zu Baufe gehörige , im Landräthlichen Kreise Wittgenseis zu Baufe zwischen Jost Roth und George Schneider belegene und im Flur buche sub Nro. 1 eingetragene Wohnhaus , welches zu 66 Thle. Pr. Con. gerichtlich taxirt ist — zur nothwendigen Subhastation gezogen , und ist daßee zum Verkaufe desselben an den Meistbietenden ein Termin auf den 13. Jul dieses Jahrs Morgens 11 Uhr im hiesigen Gerichts = Locale vor dem dep # # tirten Hofgerichts = Referendarius Schrader angesetzt , zu welchem fähige Kauflustige mit dem Bemerken eingeladen werden , daß die Taxe und die Verkaufsbedingungen in der hiesigen Gerichts = Registratur zur Einsicht offn liegen. Auf Gebote nach abgehaltenem Termine kann nur mit Einwilligung sämmtlicher Interessenten , den Meistbietenden mit eingeschlossen , Rücksicht z # Kommen werden. Diejenigen , welche an den vorstehend benannten Grundstücken einen Realanspruch behaupten , haben solchen in dem anstehenden Termine # # Vermeidung der Präclusion anzumelden. Laasphe , den 21 , März 1833. Königlich Preuß. Justizamt. ( 11 ) Auf Antrag eines Personal : Gläubigers sind einige , dem Colon zu Ostsümmern gehörige , im Kreise Iserlohn , Bürgermeisterei Menden , beit gene Grundstücke , nämlich : 4 ; Morgen Ackerland am sogenannten Hakenders , gerichtlich zu 105 Thlr. abgeschätzt — zur nothwendigen Subhastation und ist der Licitations = Termin auf den 31. Mai curr. Morgens 9 # # # # an hiesiger Gerichtsstelle anberaume , zu welchem zahlungsfähige Kausurt mit dem Bemerken vorgeladen werden , daß , wenn keine gesetzliche Dindertiy , obwalten , dem Meistbietenden der Zuschlag ertheilt werden wirde # n # Ablauf des Termins nur mit Bewilligung sämmtlicher Interessenten , dei dietenden mit eingeschlossen , Nachgebote zugelassen werden. Taxe und n us den Autrog von Ge 6 zugeh tstüite e # uuteg Kasten 1 ead erikauft werde Hun fänftigt Luilt Vermittagt mtisch uf den 2 ( Ailtisse anberauf iu min , daß nach lhig immtlicher n warten können. schosen en können sh — 401 — Bbedingungen liegen in der hiefigen Amts = Registratur zur Einsicht offen. seute. an benannten Immobilien einen Real = Anspruch behaupten spätestens bis zum Termine bei Vermeidung der Präclusion ang esden , bse o , Giaizlsch Perusisches Jusizant. usler Jost Sit reise Witgeust , jene und im Zlus Thle. Pe. 6o # sen , und ist bus f den 13. Jul le vor dem bo # selchem Zahlut die Taxe und ur Einsicht ose mit Einwillgun en Rücksicht inten Grundsticg nden Termine März 1833. Colon Menden bels en Hakenbe # # , station gesch gens 9 u d und u0 in , des Meistz Nr u 10 ( 12 ) Auf den Antrag eines Gläubigers soll der in der Gemeinde und Bürger isterei Gesecke , Kreises Lippstadt , eine Stunde von Salzkotten , ein und eine salbe Stunde von Gesecke und eine halbe Stunde von der diese beiden Städte vebiadenden Chaussee gelegene und dem hiesigen Steuer = Empfänger Regierungs Gekstaie Reen zugehörige sogenannte Hölterhof , bestehend aus einem voll gändigen Oekonomiegebäude und circa 275 Morgen Ackerland , nach Abzug der bekannten Lasten zu. 6505 Thlr. 7 Sgr. 6 dt. abgeschätzt , öffeatlich meiste bietend verkauft werden. Es sind hierzu 3 Termine , nemlich : auf den 28. Februer künftigen Jahrs Vormittags 10 Uhr , auf den 29. April Vormittags 10 Uhr an hiesiger Gerichtsstelle und der dritte pes remtorische auf den 28. Juni Vormittags 10 Uhr auf dem sogenannten Hölterhofe anberaumt worden , wozu Kauflustige mit dem Bemerken eingela den werden , daß nach Ablauf des letzten Termins neue Gebote nur mit Ein williguag sämmtlicher Interessenten , den Letztbietenden mit eingeschlossen zuge lassen werden können. Zugleich werden alle etwaige unbekannte Realprätenden ten aufgefordert ihre Anspruche spätestens im letzten Licitations = Termine bei Strafe der Präclusion anzumelden und zu bescheinigen. — Taxe und Verkaufs bedingungen liegen in der Registratur zur Einsicht offen. Gesecke , den 28. November 1832. Königlich Preußisches Justizamt. ( 13 ) Die den Erben des Johann Joc Guntermann S. Sohneborn zu 3 u. schen gehörigen , im Kreise Brilon , Bürgermeisterei Hallenberg , Commüne Züschen gelegenen Grundstücke : 1 ) eine Wiese in der Breidebach , 7 Morgen 18 Ruthen groß , zu 158 Thlr. 10 Sgr. , 2 ) eine Wiese von 1 Fuder Heu auf der sogenannten Langenwiese zu 43 Thir. Beilage zum Arnsberger Intelligenzblatt Nr . 39 . 8 6e . Besge Oirsenigen , beschz , in dem autz Steinbaus zugehörige # # # is hinterm Haust 0 . Uhr im bies vaige Realprätu nachen haben . mit Einwillign engmug Brch iu mindershag rmarsbeig arsberg , belegun mine bekangt Der Verkauft der Gerichtsstell etzt , und es k0 zung sämmitz den . Wenn n uschlag zu gewin Präclusion ( 16 ) Auf Antrag eines Real = Gläubigers ist die dem Colon Peter Huckschlag zugebörige , im Kreise Iferlohn , Bürgermeisterei Menden , Kirchspiels Süm mern . Commüne Ostsümmern belegene Colonie , bestehend aus einem Wohnhause , einer Scheune und einem Schweinestalle , aus einem Garten , aus circa 15 Morgen Ackerland , aus 7 Morgen Wiesegrund und 4 Morgen Holzung — gerichtlich zu 1900 Thlr . abgeschätzt — zur nothwendigen Subhastation gezo gen , und sind die Verkaufs = Termine auf den 17 . Juni , den 18 . Juli und den 19 . August , wovon der letzte peremtorisch ist , vor dem deputirten Hofgerichts ; Referendar Monhoff , jedesmal um 9 Uhr Morgens , an gewöhnlicher Gerichtsstelle vorbestimmt , wozu zahlungsfähige Kauflustige mit dem Bemerken vorgeladen werden , daß nach Ablauf der Termine Nachgebote nur mit Einwilligung sämmtlicher Interessenten , den Letztbietenden mit einge schlossen , zugelassen werden . Taxe und Vorwarden liegen in unserer Registras tur zur Einsicht offen . Diejenigen , welche an den bezeichneten Immobilien einen Real = Anspruch zu haben vermeinen , haben solchen spätestens im letzten Termine bei Vermeidung der Präclusion anzumelden . Menden , den 3 . Mai 1833 . Königlich Preuß . Jusizamt . Edictal = Citation . en dem hiesigen Königlichen Oberlandesgerichte werden alle unbekannte in Wechobalen au die Kassen der bis zum 15 . Juni v . J . in der Pro gug an Materi gesandenen Lruppenthelle des Aten Armee Corps wegen Liefe e , und wwar ; uien und geleisteten Arbeiten , oder aus einem andern Grun 26 . JosanterseReaineneg in Oortmund gestandenen indl , 15 . Juni 91832 . für den Zeitraum vom 1 . Januar bis. 404. ) an die Kasse des ersten Bataillons desselben Regiments für deansaite Zeitraum. ) an die Kasse des in Bochum gestandenen zweiten Bataillons desselbe Regiments für denselben Zeitraum. ) an die Kasse des in Recklinghausen gestandenen Füseller Bataillons besselben Regiments für denselben Zeitraum. ) an die Regiments = Oekonomie = Kasse des in Hamm gestandenen 27. Ju fanterie = Regiments für den Zeitraum vom 8. April bis incl , 15. Juni 1832. ) , an die Kasse des in Lippstadt gestandenen ersten Batailons befilba Regiments für den Zeitraum vom 10. Januar bis incl , 15. Juui 1832 Ansprüche zu haben vermeinen , hiermit aufgefordert , sich binnen hiee # # drei Monaten deshalb bei der Königlichen Intendantur des 4ten Armee = Corpt hieselbst oder spätestens in dem vor dem Herrn Oberlandesgerichts = Referende # eius Schneider auf den 7. September d. J. Vormittags 10 Uhr im Oberlandes = Gerichte hieselbst angesetzten Liquidationstermine entweder ver söhnlich oder durch zulässige Bevollmächtigte , wozu die Justiz : Commiffaria Lüdecke , Fritze und Damm vorgeschlagen werden , zu melden , ihre Forde rungen anzugeben und gehörig nachzuweisen , widrigenfalls die Ausbleibenden mit ihren Ansprüchen an die gedachte Kasse präcludirt und an denjenigen vire wiesen werden sollen , mit dem sie contrahirt haben. Magdeburg , den 23. April 1833. Der erste Senat des Königl. Preuß , Oberlandes = Gerichts. ( 18 ) Durch Resolution vom heutigen Tage ist über das Vermögen des delsmannes Johann Philipp Balkenhol zu Bigge der Concurs erofftet worden. Diesemnach wird allen denjenigen , die Gelder , Effekten , Briefscheftete oder sonstige dem gedachten Gemeinschuldner gehörigen Effekten hiater sio “ ben , anbefohlen , dem Letzteren nicht das mindeste davon verabfolgen zu lestet ; vielmehr dem unterzeichneten Gerichte davog Anzeige zu machen und die Sache selbst unter Vorbehalt ihrer Rechte zum gerichtlichen Depositum abzuliefern. Diejenigen , welche diesem Verbote zuwider , etwas an den Gemeinschuldner # # antworten , oder demselben Zahlung leisten , haben zu erwarten , daß diese # # t lungen für nicht geschehen geachtet , mithin die überlieferten Sachen 906 uio Diesaigen , welche lic hrforbenen Canot u Zerdtrung mnachen prictze der uaterseich u se machen. Kudberg , ber 2 Nu ir Sguidati. Wia , Athad is alle Hila Nr in 24. 405 is für tathons befelg seller Bataillaust andenen 27 . Ju I bis incl , 15 taillons besfilbg ncl . 15 . Su binnen hier vot ten Armee = Corpt Referende das anderweitig werden beigetrieben werden . Diejenigen aber , welche derartige Sachen verschweigen oder zurückhalten , erifft überdem der Rechtsnachtheil , daß se ibres daran etwa habenden Pfands oder sonstigen Rechtes , für verlustig er klärt werden . Brilon , den 2 . Mai 1833 Königl , Preus , Jusizamt , ( 19 ) Diesenigen , welche an den Nachlaß des am 25 . Januar d . J . in Rum dbechk verstorbenen Canonikus und Filial = Kaplans Franz Wennemar Bömer eine Forderung machen zu können glauben , werden hiermit aufgefordert , ihre Auspriche des unterzeichgeten Testaments ; Exekutoren binnen vier Wochen de : kannt zu machen . Arnsberg , den 13 . Mai 1833 . Marchand . Külpers . uhe ne entweder pob iz : Commifsiria den ihre Ferit e Ausbleibenda densenigen un ( 20 ) Die zur Liquidations = Sache Orth in Hösinghausen gehörigen Mo bilien , bestehend in allerhand Hausgeräthen , Ackergeschirr , Leinewand und 2 Kühen , sollen am 24 . dieses Monats Morgens 9 Uhr in Orths Hause zu Höfinghaufen öffentlich und meistbietend verkauft werden . Attendern , den 6 . Mai 1833 . Vigore Commilsionis Gertmann . Bericht . eröffat ch assa ; auch Mal e , Nachmittags 2 Uhr sollen in der Behausung des Mahehr3 Lchuentrop 2 Kübe , 3 Rlader , 12 Schaafe , 1 Schweila , bant Islung vstast werden . Sopf , Sstentlich meischitend gegen glich Attendorn , den 6 . Mai 1833 . V . C . Schürmann . Seschaste Hireche sotgende Beglalle : 10 he , solen au Ge . 1 Pferd , 3 Kühe und 2 Rinder Gmistz , bea 10 . Nel 183 . Amtschreißer ,. — 406 — ( 23 ) Es sollen am Hause des Wirths Kolthoff zu Horn , am 29 . Monats Nachmittags 2 Uhr , folgende bei Bols Schmer # # # , dete Bestialien , als : 1 Pferd , 2 Kühe und 1 Rind dem Meistbietenden verkauft werden . Erwitte , den 10 . Mai 1833 . Nordhoff , Amtsschreiber . ( 24 ) - Am 25 . Mai c . Nachmittags 2 Uhr sollen auf dem hiesigen # # # richtsgebäude 3 Zugochsen öffentlich meistbietend gegen gleich baare Zahlune verkauft werden . Attendorn , den 12 . Mai 1833 . Vigore Commilsionis Schürmann . Angekommene Fremde vom 11 . bis zum 15 . Mai 1833 . Im Gasthof zum König von Preußen ( bei Linhoff . ) Gremmler Assessor aus Rüthen ; Dyckhoff Kom . Bau Kondukten : aus Iserlohn ; Hellinger Rent = Amtmann aus Siegen ; E . Dorl anu Cöln , Lenze aus Lippstadt , Olbertz aus Cöln , Valkenberg an Cöln , Spoeth aus Kreuznach , Kaufleute ; Wiethaus Referendar au Hamm ; Ravené aus Berlin , D . Schmidt aus Iserlohn , L . Sa # # # # aus Iserlohn , P . Christ aus Dillenberg , Färber ; Graf von Beust # # # Frau Gemahlinn aus Bonn , Geheimer Ober = Berg = Rath und Berghauptmens ; Buff Bergmeisier aus Siegen , Im Westphälischen Hofe ( bei E . Cramer . ) Gutjahr aus Warstein , Veltins aus Hellefeld , Bürgermeißer . Arnsberg , gedruckt bei E . A . Düser , Inhaber der Herken ' schen Budrnctite B Him Antrag ut Gag bus in Dö Stpiht , Aatheile a Kathen Hof suh Garten vor Im Gasthof zum Kronprinz von Preußen ( bei Wittwe Lichte . ) Junk aus Münster , Werminghaus aus Schwelm , Kausteute ; Moritz Endemann a . Bochum , H . Knuffmann g . Dortmund Studtest , Bistur i # Binkel Garto , tat soß un ktrsch # chest K Gape hoitent ech. |
github_open_source_100_8_20048 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | #pragma once
#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <ctime>
#include "types.h"
namespace time
{
using std::clock_t;
using std::time_t;
constexpr uint32 MinutesInDay=24*60;
constexpr uint32 SecondsInDay=MinutesInDay*60;
constexpr clock_t ClocksPerSec=CLOCKS_PER_SEC;
inline bool IsLeapYear(uint16 year)noexcept
{
return (year%4==0)&&(year%100!=0||year%400==0);
}
inline uint16 DaysInYear(uint16 year)noexcept
{
return IsLeapYear(year)?366:365;
}
uint8 DaysInMonth(uint16 year, uint8 month)noexcept
{
if(month==2)return IsLeapYear(year)?29:28;
if(month<8) return (month%2==0)?30:31;
else return (month%2==0)?31:30;
}
class Duration
{
private:
time_t time=0;
public:
Duration()=default
Duration(time_t time):time(time) {}
inline time_t InSeconds()const noexcept
{
return time;
}
inline uint16 Seconds()
{
return InSeconds()%60;
}
inline time_t InMinutes()const noexcept
{
return time/60;
}
inline uint16 Minutes()
{
return InMinutes()%60;
}
inline time_t InHours()const noexcept
{
return time/3600;
}
inline uint16 Hours()
{
return InHours()%24;
}
inline uint32 InDays()const noexcept
{
return time/SecondsInDay;
}
inline uint32 Days()const noexcept
{
return InDays();
}
inline Duration operator+(Duration d2)const noexcept
{
return Duration(time+d2.time);
}
inline Duration operator-(Duration d2)const noexcept
{
return Duration(time-d2.time);
}
inline Duration operator*(time_t c)const noexcept
{
return Duration(time*c);
}
inline Duration operator/(time_t c)const noexcept
{
return Duration(time/c);
}
friend inline Duration operator*(time_t c, Duration d)const noexcept
{
return Duration(c*d.time);
}
inline Duration& operator+=(Duration d2)const noexcept
{
time+=d2.time;
return *this;
}
inline Duration& operator-=(Duration d2)const noexcept
{
time-=d2.time;
return *this;
}
inline Duration operator*=(time_t c)const noexcept
{
time*=c;
return *this;
}
inline Duration operator/=(time_t c)const noexcept
{
time/=c;
return *this;
}
inline bool operator==(Duration d2)const noexcept
{
return time==d2.time;
}
inline bool operator!=(Duration d2)const noexcept
{
return time!=d2.time;
}
inline bool operator<(Duration d2)const noexcept
{
return time<d2.time;
}
inline bool operator>(Duration d2)const noexcept
{
return time>d2.time;
}
inline bool operator<=(Duration d2)const noexcept
{
return time<=d2.time;
}
inline bool operator>=(Duration d2)const noexcept
{
return time>=d2.time;
}
};
class Clock
{
private:
clock_t time;
public:
Clock()noexcept:time(0) {}
Clock(clock_t clc)noexcept:time(clc) {}
Clock(const Clock& clc)noexcept:time(clc.time) {}
static Clock Now()noexcept
{
return Clock(clock());
}
Clock operator-(Clock clc)const noexcept
{
return Clock(time-clc.time);
}
Clock operator+(Clock clc)const noexcept
{
return Clock(time+clc.time);
}
inline bool operator<(Clock tm2)const noexcept
{
return time<tm2.time;
}
inline bool operator>(Clock tm2)const noexcept
{
return time>tm2.time;
}
inline bool operator==(Clock tm2)const noexcept
{
return time==tm2.time;
}
inline bool operator<=(Clock tm2)const noexcept
{
return time<=tm2.time;
}
inline bool operator>=(Clock tm2)const noexcept
{
return time>=tm2.time;
}
inline bool operator!=(Clock tm2)const noexcept
{
return time!=tm2.time;
}
};
class Time
{
private:
time_t time=0;
public:
enum class DayInWeek: uint8
{
Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday
};
Time()noexcept {}
explicit Time(uint16 year, uint8 month=1, uint8 day=1, uint8 hour=0, uint8 minute=0, uint8 second=0, bool isDaylightSavingTime=false)
{
tm tmp=tm{second, minute, hour, day, month, (year<1900)?0:year-1900, 1,1, isDaylightSavingTime};
time=mktime(&tmp);
}
static Time Now()noexcept
{
Time tim;
time::time(&tim.time);
return tim;
}
Duration TimeOnly()const noexcept
{
return Duration(time%SecondsInDay);
}
Time DateOnly()const noexcept
{
return Time(time-time%SecondsInDay);
}
static Time Today()noexcept
{
return Now().DateOnly();
}
explicit operator std::string()const noexcept
{
return std::string(asctime(localtime(&time)));
}
friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, Time tim)
{
return out<<std::string(tim);
}
std::string FmtAsString(std::string Format, std::size_t MaxSize=128)const
{
char* c_string=new char[MaxSize];
strftime(c_string, MaxSize, Format.c_str(), localtime(&time));
std::string res=c_string;
delete c_string;
return res;
}
Duration operator-(Time tm2)const noexcept
{
return Duration(difftime(time, tm2.time));
}
Time operator+(Duration tm2)const noexcept
{
return Time(time+tm2.InSeconds());
}
Time operator-(Duration tm2)const noexcept
{
return Time(time-tm2.InSeconds());
}
Time AddSeconds(time_t tm2)const noexcept
{
return Time(time+tm2);
}
Time AddMinutes(time_t tm2)const noexcept
{
return Time(time+tm2*60);
}
Time AddHours(uint32 tm2)const noexcept
{
return Time(time+tm2*3600);
}
Time AddDays(uint16 tm2)const noexcept
{
return Time(time+tm2*SecondsInDay);
}
Time AddWeeks(uint16 tm2)const noexcept
{
return Time(time+tm2*SecondsInDay*7);
}
void SetDay(uint8 day)
{
tm tmp;
tmp=*localtime(&time);
if(day>DaysInMonth(tmp.tm_year,tmp.tm_mon)||day<1)
{
throw std::logic_error("Time::SetDay>This month has not so much days");
}
tmp.tm_mday=day;
time=mktime(&tmp);
}
void SetMonth(uint8 mon)
{
if(mon>12||mon<1)
{
throw std::logic_error("Time::SetMonth>This month does not exist");
}
tm tmp;
tmp=*localtime(&time);
tmp.tm_mon=mon-1;
time=mktime(&tmp);
}
void SetYear(uint16 year)
{
if(year<1900)
{
throw std::logic_error("Time::SetYear>This class can handle only years since 1900");
}
tm tmp;
tmp=*localtime(&time);
tmp.tm_year=year-1900;
time=mktime(&tmp);
}
inline bool operator<(Time tm2)const noexcept
{
return time<tm2.time;
}
inline bool operator>(Time tm2)const noexcept
{
return time>tm2.time;
}
inline bool operator==(Time tm2)const noexcept
{
return time==tm2.time;
}
inline bool operator<=(Time tm2)const noexcept
{
return time<=tm2.time;
}
inline bool operator>=(Time tm2)const noexcept
{
return time>=tm2.time;
}
inline bool operator!=(Time tm2)const noexcept
{
return time!=tm2.time;
}
inline uint16 Year()const noexcept
{
return localtime(&time)->tm_year+1900;
}
inline uint16 Month()const noexcept
{
return localtime(&time)->tm_mon;
}
inline uint16 Day()const noexcept
{
return localtime(&time)->tm_mday;
}
inline uint16 DayInYear()const noexcept
{
return localtime(&time)->tm_yday;
}
inline DayInWeek WeekDay()const noexcept
{
return DayInWeek(localtime(&time)->tm_wday);
}
inline uint16 Hour()const noexcept
{
return time/3600%24;
}
inline uint16 Minute()const noexcept
{
return time/60%60;
}
inline uint16 Second()const noexcept
{
return time%60;
}
inline bool IsDaylightSavingTime()const noexcept
{
return localtime(&time)->tm_isdst>0;
}
};
}
|
github_open_source_100_8_20049 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | /**************************************************************
*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
* software distributed under the License is distributed on an
* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
* KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
* specific language governing permissions and limitations
* under the License.
*
*************************************************************/
#ifndef CHART2_UNDOCOMMANDDISPATCH_HXX
#define CHART2_UNDOCOMMANDDISPATCH_HXX
#include "CommandDispatch.hxx"
#include <com/sun/star/frame/XModel.hpp>
#include <com/sun/star/document/XUndoManager.hpp>
namespace chart
{
/** This is a CommandDispatch implementation for Undo and Redo.
*/
class UndoCommandDispatch : public CommandDispatch
{
public:
explicit UndoCommandDispatch(
const ::com::sun::star::uno::Reference<
::com::sun::star::uno::XComponentContext > & xContext,
const ::com::sun::star::uno::Reference<
::com::sun::star::frame::XModel > & xModel );
virtual ~UndoCommandDispatch();
// late initialisation, especially for adding as listener
virtual void initialize();
protected:
// ____ XDispatch ____
virtual void SAL_CALL dispatch(
const ::com::sun::star::util::URL& URL,
const ::com::sun::star::uno::Sequence< ::com::sun::star::beans::PropertyValue >& Arguments )
throw (::com::sun::star::uno::RuntimeException);
// ____ WeakComponentImplHelperBase ____
/// is called when this is disposed
virtual void SAL_CALL disposing();
// ____ XEventListener (base of XModifyListener) ____
virtual void SAL_CALL disposing(
const ::com::sun::star::lang::EventObject& Source )
throw (::com::sun::star::uno::RuntimeException);
virtual void fireStatusEvent(
const ::rtl::OUString & rURL,
const ::com::sun::star::uno::Reference< ::com::sun::star::frame::XStatusListener > & xSingleListener );
private:
::com::sun::star::uno::Reference<
::com::sun::star::frame::XModel > m_xModel;
::com::sun::star::uno::Reference<
::com::sun::star::document::XUndoManager > m_xUndoManager;
};
} // namespace chart
// CHART2_UNDOCOMMANDDISPATCH_HXX
#endif
|
114305_1 | Wikipedia | CC-By-SA | Emma Horn (* 7 Februarie 1917, Ermelo – onbekend) is die getroude naam van die Afrikaanse digter Emma Louw. Onder hierdie naam skryf sy verskeie genealogiese werke.
Lewe en werk
Emma Louw is op 7 Februarie 1915 op Ermelo gebore, die jongste kind en enigste dogter van Charles Robert Louw en Maria Gesina Stolp. Sy het drie ouer broers, Andries Adriaan, Charles Robert Murray en Jacob Stolp. In 1916 verhuis die gesin na Kaapstad en sewe jaar later na die plaas Dennegeur naby Somerset-Wes[2]. Haar skoolopleiding ontvang sy aan die Laerskool Somerset-Wes en die Hoërskool Hottentots-Holland. Sy studeer verder aan die Universiteit van Stellenbosch, waar sy ’n B.A.-graad behaal. Hierna reis sy na die buiteland en bring feitlik ’n jaar in Duitsland deur, waar sy die musiekseisoen in Berlyn en die wintersport in die berge ervaar. Na haar terugkeer na Suid-Afrika aanvaar sy in 1937 ’n betrekking as redaksielid van Die Burger in Kaapstad, waar sy vir twee jaar werk. In 1940 gaan bly sy ’n tyd lank by haar ouers op die familieplaas, waarna sy na Johannesburg verhuis en ’n betrekking by Die Transvaler aanvaar. Hier ontmoet sy vir Gideon Jozua Horn, met wie sy in 1943 trou en die egpaar verhuis later terug na Kaapstad. Twee dogters word uit die huwelik gebore, onder wie Hester Magdalena op 9 Mei 1949. Sy slyt haar laaste jare in ’n ouetehuis in Kaapstad.
Skryfwerk
As Emma Horn spits sy haar later toe op genealogiese navorsing en verskeie werke in hierdie genre verskyn van haar, insluitende Ds. A.A. Louw (1827–1908) en sy gesin, Louw-stamregister: Johannes Rudolph en sy afstammelinge, Murray-stamregister (1794–1954) en Dirk Louw en Jacob Stolp en hul afstammelinge. Al hierdie werke word by die Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika gehuisves.
Publikasies
1956 Murray-stamregister (1794–1954)
1967 Louw-stamregister
1974 Ds. A.A. Louw (1827–1908) en sy gesin
1991 Dirk Louw en Jacob Stolp en hul afstammelinge
Sien ook
Emma Louw
Verwysings
Suid-Afrikaanse digters
Geboortes in 1917.
|
github_open_source_100_8_20050 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | /**
* @file be_visitor_amh_pre_proc.cpp
*
* $Id: be_visitor_amh_pre_proc.cpp 95326 2011-12-14 14:55:49Z parsons $
*
* This visitor creates for AMH implied IDL constructs the appropriate AST
* (Abstract Syntax Tree) node, sets the corresponding interface or operation
* strategy on it and enteres the nodes into the AST.
*
* @author Darrell Brunsch <[email protected]>
* @author Mayur Deshpande <[email protected]>
* @author Carlos O'Ryan <[email protected]>
*/
//=============================================================================
#include "be_visitor_amh_pre_proc.h"
#include "be_visitor_context.h"
#include "be_root.h"
#include "be_module.h"
#include "be_interface.h"
#include "be_valuetype.h"
#include "be_attribute.h"
#include "be_operation.h"
#include "be_predefined_type.h"
#include "be_argument.h"
#include "be_extern.h"
#include "utl_identifier.h"
#include "utl_exceptlist.h"
#include "global_extern.h"
#include "ace/Log_Msg.h"
be_visitor_amh_pre_proc::be_visitor_amh_pre_proc (be_visitor_context *ctx)
: be_visitor_scope (ctx)
{
}
be_visitor_amh_pre_proc::~be_visitor_amh_pre_proc (void)
{
}
int
be_visitor_amh_pre_proc::visit_root (be_root *node)
{
if (this->visit_scope (node) == -1)
{
ACE_ERROR_RETURN ((LM_ERROR,
"(%N:%l) be_visitor_amh_pre_proc::"
"visit_root - visit scope failed\n"),
-1);
}
return 0;
}
int
be_visitor_amh_pre_proc::visit_module (be_module *node)
{
if (!node->imported () && this->visit_scope (node) == -1)
{
ACE_ERROR_RETURN ((LM_ERROR,
"(%N:%l) be_visitor_amh_pre_proc::"
"visit_module - visit scope failed\n"),
-1);
}
return 0;
}
int
be_visitor_amh_pre_proc::visit_interface (be_interface *node)
{
// Do not generate AMH classes for any sort of implied IDL.
if (node->original_interface () != 0)
{
return 0;
}
// Don't generate AMH classes for imported, local or abstract interfaces
// either...
// @@ Mayur, maybe we do want to insert the AMH node for imported
// interfaces, not because we want to generate code for them, but
// because the (imported-AMH-) node could be needed to generate a
// non-imported, AMH node, for example, for a derived interface.
// (JP) Havinq AMH_* nodes inherit directly from AMH_* base classes
// is also a problem if the base interface is abstract, since at
// the moment, no AMH code is generated for such interfaces. It
// would be desirable to mimic the AMI design, where all AMI-related
// classes inherit from a single base class, no matter what the
// parentage of the IDL interface. Until we solve the problem of
// AMH for abstract interfaces, I'm disabling all AMH generation
// for interfaces having an abstract ancestor.
if (node->imported ()
|| node->is_local ()
|| node->is_abstract ()
|| node->has_mixed_parentage ())
{
return 0;
}
// Create the exception holder, it needs to go before the response
// handler, because the response handler uses an exception holder as
// argument for some of its operations....
be_valuetype *excep_holder =
this->create_exception_holder (node);
excep_holder->set_defined_in (node->defined_in ());
excep_holder->original_interface (node);
excep_holder->is_amh_excep_holder (true);
AST_Module *module =
AST_Module::narrow_from_scope (node->defined_in ());
module->set_has_nested_valuetype ();
// Create the ResponseHandler class
be_interface *response_handler =
this->create_response_handler (node,
excep_holder);
if (response_handler == 0)
{
ACE_ERROR_RETURN ((LM_ERROR,
"(%N:%l) be_visitor_amh_pre_proc::"
"visit_interface - "
"creating the response handler failed\n"),
-1);
}
response_handler->set_defined_in (node->defined_in ());
// Insert the response handler after the node.
module->be_add_interface (response_handler,
node);
// Remember from whom we were cloned
response_handler->original_interface (node);
module->be_add_interface (excep_holder, node);
return 0;
}
be_interface *
be_visitor_amh_pre_proc::create_response_handler (
be_interface *node,
be_valuetype *exception_holder
)
{
// Generate 'AMH_InterfaceResponseHandler'
ACE_CString class_name;
class_name += "AMH_";
class_name += node->local_name ();
class_name += "ResponseHandler";
UTL_ScopedName * const amh_name =
dynamic_cast<UTL_ScopedName*> (node->name ()->copy ());
if (!amh_name)
ACE_ERROR_RETURN ((LM_ERROR,
"be_visitor_amh_pre_proc::create_response_handler"
" - Scope downcast failed.\n"),
0);
Identifier *local_name = amh_name->last_component ();
local_name->replace_string (class_name.c_str ());
UTL_Scope *s = node->defined_in ();
idl_global->scopes ().push (s);
// @@ Mayur, you are not filling up the list of inherited classes,
// however, you *are* using that same list in the amh_rh_sh.cpp and
// amh_rh_sh.cpp file... you need to fill up the list, i.e. discover
// the inherited classes in the original interface, change their
// names and then use the symbol table to look up the
// AMH-response-handler nodes.
be_interface *response_handler = 0;
ACE_NEW_RETURN (response_handler,
be_interface (amh_name, // name
0, // list of inherited
0, // number of inherited
0, // list of ancestors
0, // number of ancestors
1, // local
0), // non-abstract
0);
idl_global->scopes ().pop ();
response_handler->set_name (amh_name);
response_handler->set_defined_in (node->defined_in ());
response_handler->set_imported (node->imported ());
response_handler->set_line (node->line ());
response_handler->set_file_name (node->file_name ());
// Set repo id to 0, so it will be recomputed on the next access,
// and set the prefix to the node's prefix. All this is
// necessary in case the node's prefix was modified after
// its declaration.
response_handler->AST_Decl::repoID (0);
response_handler->prefix (const_cast<char*> (node->prefix ()));
response_handler->gen_fwd_helper_name ();
this->add_rh_node_members (node, response_handler, exception_holder);
return response_handler;
}
int
be_visitor_amh_pre_proc::add_rh_node_members ( be_interface *node,
be_interface *response_handler,
be_valuetype *exception_holder)
{
// Now our customized valuetype is created, we have to
// add now the operations and attributes to the scope.
this->elem_number_ = 0;
// Initialize an iterator to iterate thru our scope.
for (UTL_ScopeActiveIterator si (node, UTL_Scope::IK_decls);
!si.is_done ();
si.next ())
{
AST_Decl *d = si.item ();
if (!d)
{
ACE_ERROR_RETURN ((LM_ERROR,
"(%N:%l) be_visitor_amh_pre_proc::"
"add_rh_node_members - "
"bad node in this scope\n"),
0);
}
AST_Decl::NodeType nt = d->node_type ();
int status = 0;
if (nt == AST_Decl::NT_attr)
{
be_attribute *attr = be_attribute::narrow_from_decl (d);
if (attr != 0)
{
status =
this->create_response_handler_attribute (attr,
response_handler,
exception_holder);
if (status == -1)
{
ACE_ERROR_RETURN ((LM_ERROR,
"(%N:%l) be_visitor_amh_pre_proc::"
"add_rh_node_members - "
"attribute creation failed\n"),
0);
}
}
}
else if (nt == AST_Decl::NT_op)
{
be_operation* operation = be_operation::narrow_from_decl (d);
if (operation != 0)
{
status =
this->create_response_handler_operation (operation,
response_handler,
exception_holder);
if (status == -1)
{
ACE_ERROR_RETURN ((LM_ERROR,
"(%N:%l) be_visitor_amh_pre_proc::"
"add_rh_node_members - "
"operation creation failed\n"),
0);
}
}
}
else
{
continue;
}
}
return 1;
}
int
be_visitor_amh_pre_proc::create_response_handler_operation (
be_operation *node,
be_interface *response_handler,
be_valuetype *exception_holder
)
{
if (node == 0)
{
return -1;
}
/// These are for the stub side only.
if (node->is_sendc_ami ())
{
return 0;
}
if (this->add_normal_reply (node, response_handler) == -1)
{
return -1;
}
return this->add_exception_reply (node,
response_handler,
exception_holder);
}
int
be_visitor_amh_pre_proc::create_response_handler_attribute (
be_attribute *node,
be_interface *response_handler,
be_valuetype *exception_holder
)
{
// Temporarily generate the get operation.
be_operation *get_operation = this->generate_get_operation (node);
this->visit_operation (get_operation);
int status =
this->create_response_handler_operation (get_operation,
response_handler,
exception_holder);
get_operation->destroy ();
delete get_operation;
get_operation = 0;
if (status == -1)
{
return -1;
}
if (node->readonly ())
{
return 0;
}
// Temporarily generate the set operation.
be_operation *set_operation = this->generate_set_operation (node);
this->visit_operation (set_operation);
status =
this->create_response_handler_operation (set_operation,
response_handler,
exception_holder);
set_operation->destroy ();
delete set_operation;
set_operation = 0;
return status;
}
int
be_visitor_amh_pre_proc::add_exception_reply (be_operation *node,
be_interface *response_handler,
be_valuetype *exception_holder)
{
UTL_ScopedName *operation_name = node->compute_name ("",
"_excep");
be_operation *node_excep = 0;
ACE_NEW_RETURN (node_excep,
be_operation (be_global->void_type (),
AST_Operation::OP_noflags,
operation_name,
1,
0),
-1);
node_excep->set_name (operation_name);
Identifier *arg_id = 0;
ACE_NEW_RETURN (arg_id,
Identifier ("holder"),
-1);
UTL_ScopedName *arg_name = 0;
ACE_NEW_RETURN (arg_name,
UTL_ScopedName (arg_id, 0),
-1);
be_argument *argument = 0;
ACE_NEW_RETURN (argument,
be_argument (AST_Argument::dir_IN,
exception_holder,
arg_name),
-1);
argument->set_name (arg_name);
argument->set_defined_in (node_excep);
node_excep->be_add_argument (argument);
node_excep->set_defined_in (response_handler);
if (0 == response_handler->be_add_operation (node_excep))
{
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
int
be_visitor_amh_pre_proc::add_normal_reply (be_operation *node,
be_interface *response_handler)
{
Identifier *id = 0;
UTL_ScopedName *sn = 0;
ACE_CString original_op_name (
node->name ()->last_component ()->get_string ()
);
UTL_ScopedName *op_name =
static_cast<UTL_ScopedName *> (response_handler->name ()->copy ());
ACE_NEW_RETURN (id,
Identifier (original_op_name.c_str ()),
-1);
ACE_NEW_RETURN (sn,
UTL_ScopedName (id,
0),
-1);
op_name->nconc (sn);
// Create the operation
be_operation *operation = 0;
ACE_NEW_RETURN (operation,
be_operation (be_global->void_type (),
AST_Operation::OP_noflags,
op_name,
1,
0),
-1);
operation->set_name (op_name);
// If return type is non-void add it as first argument
if (!node->void_return_type ())
{
Identifier *arg_id = 0;
ACE_NEW_RETURN (arg_id,
Identifier ("return_value"),
-1);
UTL_ScopedName *arg_name = 0;
ACE_NEW_RETURN (arg_name,
UTL_ScopedName (arg_id, 0),
-1);
// Create the argument
be_argument *arg = 0;
ACE_NEW_RETURN (arg,
be_argument (AST_Argument::dir_IN,
node->return_type (),
arg_name),
-1);
arg->set_name (arg_name);
// Add the response handler to the argument list
operation->be_add_argument (arg);
}
// Iterate over the arguments and put all the out and inout arguments
// into the new method.
for (UTL_ScopeActiveIterator si (node, UTL_Scope::IK_decls);
!si.is_done ();
si.next ())
{
AST_Decl *d = si.item ();
if (!d)
{
operation->destroy ();
delete operation;
operation = 0;
ACE_ERROR_RETURN ((LM_ERROR,
ACE_TEXT ("be_visitor_amh_pre_proc::")
ACE_TEXT ("add_normal_reply - ")
ACE_TEXT ("bad node in this scope\n")),
-1);
}
//be_decl *arg = be_decl::narrow_from_decl (d);
AST_Argument *original_arg = AST_Argument::narrow_from_decl (d);
if (original_arg->direction () == AST_Argument::dir_INOUT ||
original_arg->direction () == AST_Argument::dir_OUT)
{
// Create the argument
be_argument *arg = 0;
ACE_NEW_RETURN (arg,
be_argument (AST_Argument::dir_IN,
original_arg->field_type (),
original_arg->name ()),
-1);
operation->be_add_argument (arg);
}
}
operation->set_defined_in (response_handler);
// We do not copy the exceptions because the exceptions
// are delivered by the excep methods.
// After having generated the operation we insert it into the
// response handler interface.
if (0 == response_handler->be_add_operation (operation))
{
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
int
be_visitor_amh_pre_proc::visit_operation (be_operation *node)
{
// @@ Mayur, we do want to generate code for oneways! This is
// needed to support reliable oneways with the SYNC_WITH_TARGET
// policy.
// We do nothing for oneways!
if (node->flags () == AST_Operation::OP_oneway)
{
return 0;
}
return 0;
}
be_valuetype *
be_visitor_amh_pre_proc::create_exception_holder (be_interface *node)
{
// AMH exception holders require both of these.
idl_global->valuetype_seen_ = true;
idl_global->valuefactory_seen_ = true;
const int inherit_count = 0;
AST_Type **p_intf = 0;
UTL_ScopedName *excep_holder_name =
node->compute_name ("AMH_",
"ExceptionHolder");
UTL_Scope *s = node->defined_in ();
idl_global->scopes ().push (s);
be_valuetype *excep_holder = 0;
ACE_NEW_RETURN (excep_holder,
be_valuetype (excep_holder_name,
p_intf,
inherit_count,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0),
0);
idl_global->scopes ().pop ();
excep_holder->set_name (excep_holder_name);
excep_holder->set_defined_in (node->defined_in ());
// Set repo id to 0, so it will be recomputed on the next access,
// and set the prefix to the node's prefix. All this is
// necessary in case the node's prefix was modified after
// its declaration.
excep_holder->AST_Decl::repoID (0);
excep_holder->prefix (const_cast<char*> (node->prefix ()));
excep_holder->gen_fwd_helper_name ();
// Now our customized valuetype is created, we have to
// add now the operations and attributes to the scope.
// initialize an iterator to iterate thru our scope
for (UTL_ScopeActiveIterator si (node, UTL_Scope::IK_decls);
!si.is_done ();
si.next ())
{
AST_Decl *d = si.item ();
if (d == 0)
{
ACE_ERROR_RETURN ((LM_ERROR,
"(%N:%l) be_visitor_amh_pre_proc::"
"visit_interface - "
"bad node in this scope\n"),
0);
}
be_decl *op = be_decl::narrow_from_decl (d);
AST_Decl::NodeType nt = d->node_type ();
if (nt == AST_Decl::NT_attr)
{
AST_Attribute *attribute = AST_Attribute::narrow_from_decl (d);
if (attribute == 0)
{
return 0;
}
this->create_raise_operation (op,
excep_holder,
GET_OPERATION);
if (!attribute->readonly ())
{
this->create_raise_operation (op,
excep_holder,
SET_OPERATION);
}
}
else if (nt == AST_Decl::NT_op)
{
this->create_raise_operation (op,
excep_holder,
NORMAL);
}
else
{
continue;
}
}
return excep_holder;
}
int
be_visitor_amh_pre_proc::create_raise_operation (
be_decl *node,
be_valuetype *excep_holder,
Operation_Kind operation_kind
)
{
Identifier *id = 0;
UTL_ScopedName *sn = 0;
be_operation *orig_op = 0;
if (operation_kind == NORMAL)
{
orig_op = be_operation::narrow_from_decl (node);
}
// Name the operation properly
UTL_ScopedName *op_name =
static_cast<UTL_ScopedName *> (excep_holder->name ()->copy ());
ACE_CString new_local_name ("raise_");
if (operation_kind == SET_OPERATION)
{
new_local_name += "set_";
}
else if (operation_kind == GET_OPERATION)
{
new_local_name += "get_";
}
new_local_name += node->name ()->last_component ()->get_string ();
ACE_NEW_RETURN (id,
Identifier (new_local_name.c_str ()),
-1);
ACE_NEW_RETURN (sn,
UTL_ScopedName (id,
0),
-1);
op_name->nconc (sn);
be_operation *operation = 0;
ACE_NEW_RETURN (operation,
be_operation (be_global->void_type (),
AST_Operation::OP_noflags,
op_name,
0,
0),
-1);
operation->set_name (op_name);
operation->set_defined_in (excep_holder);
if (operation_kind == NORMAL)
{
if (orig_op)
{
// Copy the exceptions.
UTL_ExceptList *exceptions = orig_op->exceptions ();
if (0 != exceptions)
{
operation->be_add_exceptions (exceptions->copy ());
}
}
}
// After having generated the operation we insert it into the
// exceptionholder valuetype.
if (0 == excep_holder->be_add_operation (operation))
{
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
int
be_visitor_amh_pre_proc::generate_name (ACE_CString &destination,
const char *prefix,
const char *middle_name,
const char *suffix)
{
destination = prefix;
destination += middle_name;
destination += suffix;
return 0;
}
be_operation *
be_visitor_amh_pre_proc::generate_get_operation (be_attribute *node)
{
ACE_CString original_op_name (
node->name ()->last_component ()->get_string ()
);
ACE_CString new_op_name = ACE_CString ("get_") + original_op_name;
UTL_ScopedName *get_name =
static_cast<UTL_ScopedName *> (node->name ()-> copy ());
get_name->last_component ()->replace_string (new_op_name.c_str ());
be_operation *operation = 0;
ACE_NEW_RETURN (operation,
be_operation (node->field_type (),
AST_Operation::OP_noflags,
get_name,
1,
0),
0);
operation->set_name (get_name);
operation->set_defined_in (node->defined_in ());
return operation;
}
be_operation *
be_visitor_amh_pre_proc::generate_set_operation (be_attribute *node)
{
ACE_CString original_op_name (
node->name ()->last_component ()->get_string ()
);
ACE_CString new_op_name = ACE_CString ("set_") + original_op_name;
UTL_ScopedName *set_op_name =
dynamic_cast<UTL_ScopedName *> (node->name ()-> copy ());
set_op_name->last_component ()->replace_string (new_op_name.c_str ());
// argument type is the same as the attribute type
be_argument *arg = 0;
ACE_NEW_RETURN (arg,
be_argument (AST_Argument::dir_IN,
node->field_type (),
set_op_name),
0);
arg->set_name (dynamic_cast<UTL_ScopedName *> (node->name ()->copy ()));
// create the operation
be_operation *operation = 0;
ACE_NEW_RETURN (operation,
be_operation (be_global->void_type (),
AST_Operation::OP_noflags,
set_op_name,
0,
0),
0);
operation->set_name (set_op_name);
operation->set_defined_in (node->defined_in ());
operation->be_add_argument (arg);
return operation;
}
|
vagabondpaperss02jamegoog_1 | English-PD | Public Domain | C9'0tJtm Svo, Picture Boards, Price 2s. Qd, IN A Wl NtER CITY. A SKETCH. By the Author of " Chandos," " Signa," " Pugk," &c. II. MISS BROUGHTON'S LAST BTOVEL. Crown SvOy Price 7s, 6d. JOAN. A NOVEL, r By the Author of " Nancy," ** Red as a RIose is She," &c. III. Crown Svo, boards, Price 2s. 6d, THE VAGABOND PAPERS. Sketches of Melbourne Life in Light and Shade. FIRST SERIES. Containing — MODEL LOPGINGHOUSE. IMMIGRANTS' HOME. THE MELBOURNE HOSPITAL. ■ THE BENEVOLENT ASYLUM. THE KEW LUNATIC ASYLUM. TO BE I»TJBXiISIIE3D SHOItTXi-X-. A THIRD SERIES OF THE VAGABOND PAPERS. MELBOURNE. SYDNEY AND ADELAIDE, Digitized by Google Digitized by Google THE VAGABON D PAPERS »htthjB of ittlbounte fife, in f ig^t « J^^abt SECOND SERIES (Sfeorge Eobertson MELBOURNE, SYDNEY, AND ADELAIDE 1877 Digitized by Google Oc llc^SO.l. fV^-^•v^>>0 *fr^^^A^r cL^ Reprinted from the "Argus," corrected and rei>ised by the Author, Digitized by Google DEDICATED TO t ^aius of ^l^ittoria, IN RECOGNITION OF Their Kindly Sympathy with "The Vagabond's" Labours. Digitized by Google Digitized by Google PREFACE. I RETURN my best thanks to all my thousand kind friends who paid half-a-crown for my first book. Encouraged by the success of that production, Mr. George Robertson ventiures on a second. For my own sake, I trust it will prove as saleable as the first. My many anonymous correspondents can now show their friendship for me by coming forward with their dollars, and exhausting the editions already published. This will cause the production of a third series, which will contain a portrait of the undersigned. I believe it is an original idea, this turning the Preface of one work into an advertising medium for another. However, it only shows my practical turn of mind when not "on the vag." If in the present series there is aught to offend, I cannot help it. I myself care nothing for the politics or conduct of individuals or committees ; but I must write the truth as I see it, and my only endeavour is to be impartial. I have satisfied Digitized by CjOOQ IC VI PREFACE. the conductors and proprietors of the Argus, who sanction the republication of these articles. Generally, too, I think I have satisfied the public, or they would not so heartily laugh at, and applaud, Mr. Harwood in the Pantomime, when he represents me in such a flattering light. I am very pleased to say that I have satisfied myself. At the present moment I have in hand several very startling and serious subjects. So, wishing all my readers, friends, and enemies " a happy new year," I subscribe myself Their faithful servant, "THE VAGABOND." 771^ ArgnSy Melbourne, isl Janiuuy\ 1877. Digitized by Google CONTENTS. The Alfred Hospital - - - -9 - - iii A Morning at Flemington • - - 124 The Cup Day, VAGABOND PAPERS. (SECOND SERIES.) THREE WEEKS IN THE ALFRED HOSPITAL. In the summer of 1868 I was recuperating my exhausted health at Llandudno, in North Wales. This is naturally one of the most charming watering-places in Great Britain, but like all of them, with the exception of Brighton and Scarborough, it is rather slow. It is true that within easy distance are the wonder- ful Penrhyn slate quarries, the romantic scenery of Bettws-y- Coed, Capel Currig, and Beddgelert, the glories of Llanberris Lakes and Pass, and the mighty Snowdon. The sail down the Menai Straits is a pleasant one, passing as you do under the tubular and suspension bridges, triumphs of engineering perpe- tuating the genius of Telford and Stephenson. All these I had done, and was beginning to get rather tired of the monotony of Llandudno life, the round of sea bathing, walks on the Orme's Head, and modest evening pool. I was thinking of returning to London, or taking an early steamer back to the States, when the news arrived that on the next week, en route from Ireland, the heir to the throne wpuld pay a flying visit to the principality from which he takes his title, and sojourn for a few hours at Carnarvon, the historic birthplace of the first Digitized by Google lO ' THE VAGABOND PAPERS. Prince of Wales. Great preparations were made for this important event ; and curious to see a mass meeting of the Celtic race, I, the day previously, went to Carnarvon. This ancient town was in a ferment of excitement, boiling over with loyalty. A monster marquee was erected in the courtyard of the ruined castle, the place where tradition says the first prince was, and irreverent modem historians say was not, bom. Hideous transparencies were hung in the square. Triumphal arches bridged the principal streets. These were omamented with mottoes in Welsh, impronounceable by Sassenach tongues, wishing welcome and all good things to the Prince and Princess. There was high wassail at the houses of the county gentlemen, and I was most hospitably received and treated. On the mom- ing of the eventful day the country people early drove into town, and the railroads brought thousands of excursionists from all parts. It was a great day for Wales and Carnarvon. Before noon the Royal party arrived, and I, with a number of privi- leged gentlemen, clad in the orthodox frock coat and lavender gloves, welcomed them on the platform. Then we adjourned to the castle, and after Mr. Llewellyn Turner, a local solicitor, gentleman, and mayor pro tern, — ^now a knight — bad read an address in Welsh, a thousand voices sang ^^ God bless the Prince of Wales," with the wondrous harmony for which the Welsh race are noted as being superior to the other inhabitants of the British Isles. The dejeuner^ luncheon, or banquet was a magnificent affair, and the Royal couple, I hope, enjoyed them- selves. I know I did. I had been introduced to, and soon got on firiendly terms with, one of the fair daughters of the land. She kindly took charge of me, and after the set speeches, led me up many steep steps to the prison-like and dismal hole in the Eagle Tower where Edward 1 1. was not bom. Return- Digitized by Google THREE WEEKS IN THE ALFRED HOSPITAL. 1 1 ing, we dallied in one of the open galleries looking into the court- yard, on pretence of watching the varied throng below us, and I sought more information as to the liquid tongue of Cymry. I had got so far as to remember that caryad (I write it phone- tically) meant " sweetheart," and was being instructed in other endearing terms, when we were hailed from below to " stand still." To my horror I found that the Royal party was grouped for the purpose of bemg photographed, and that we, un- consciously, effectively broke the dreary background of ruined wall. After this, it was time to return to mamma. I found that the Royal tram was leaving before its time. There was a vague rumour of something amiss. The lovely Princess (whom I adore with the respectful devotion of a Knight of the Round Table) and her jolly partner were evidently quitp Well. The act of an individual not only affects future generations entirely remote and unconnected, but often other living indi- viduals who might be supposed to be quite removed from such Digitized by Google 12 THE VAGABOND PAPKRS. a possibility. I fully recognized this great truth, but should have laughed to scorn any one who had prophesied that the act of the mad fanatic OTarrell could ever, directly or indi- rectly, influence any of my movements. What had I to do with princes, Fenians, or Australia? Yet the shooting of the Duke of Edinburgh, through the erection of the Alfred Hos- pital in its present form, and the appointment of some of the officers,' as a sequence of that crime, was indirectly the cause of my spending three weeks of hard labour in that institution, filling the highly lucrative and important position of hall-porter and clerk there — salary twenty-five shillings a week with board and lodging. As this valuable post was about to be vacant, some gentlemen who kindly interest themselves in my welfare managed to get me recommended to the secretary as a suitable person, and so, armed with proper testimonials, I, on the 26th September, made my way to the hospital, and presented myself to Mr. Henry Tate, the secretary, for approval and appoint- ment. I found Mr. Tate a nice pleasant little gentleman, with an evident taste for jewellery. He spoke to me kindly, and said that, fi*om what he had heard, I was trustworthy and honest. He would not inquire too much into' my past life, or ask what I had been doing previously. (It would have taken me a few days to sum up my career truthfully.) My testimonials were satisfactory and my ha;ndwriting fair, so he would engage me. He intimated that he had a suspicion I had been a bit of a vagabond, but that now, if I would set to work and be steady, he would make a man of me. I was very humble, and thanked him warmly. I was to be engaged a month on trial, and on the expiration of that time, if suitable, remain en permanence, " But mind ," said Mr. Tate, " if you don't like the place by then, I trust, as a man, you will give me a few days* notice, Digitized by Google THREE WEEKS IN THE ALFRED HOSPITAL. 1 3 to enable me to get a successor, and not leave me in the lurch. I shall do the same by you." I gave this promise, which turned out unfortunately for me afterwards. Then I was told as to my duties, which appeared to be multifarious, As hall- porter, I must always be in the office by the door from 8 o'clock every morning until 6, 8, and lo at night, according to the days of the week. I must admit all patients, see that they had proper forms of recommendation, or furnish them with "casualty tickets." I must inform the doctors of patients' attendance, make out cards, and direct them to their different wards ; also, answer all queries, admit visitors, and be careful to see that these had nothing contraband about them, oranges only being allowed to be brought into the hospital. Every morning I must make alterations in the ward-sheets, make up the ward- books and matron's book, calculating the number of patients on the four different diets, and the extra allowances. Then the cook's ticket had to be made out, and the meat and milk ordered, the latter requiring an • abstruse amount of calculation. In the office^ the " rough admission " book and " case book " had to be kept, deaths duly recorded, and fifty other little items of clerical work performed. Here was a good line for a poor vagabond ! An amount of work for which I was natu- rally unfitted. However, I felt that I must not disgrace my recommendations, and determined to do my duty in this hall- porter's stage of life to which I was thus strangely called. I had to attend for a couple of days before my predecessor left to be " coached " by him in my duties. The diet calcula- tions were certainly rather puzzling at first — the milk especially so. Some patients had five pints of milk a day, others only half a pint. Those who had porridge were allowed half a pint of milk each, and the extra milk ordered by the doctors had Digitized by Google 14 THE VAGABOND PAPERS. also to be considered. Then one had to work out how much was required in the morning and evening, and order accord- ingly. I believe that I have always freely admitted that I hate work and exertion of all kinds, but I also hate to be beaten ; so I concentrated my faculties to master the diet mysteries, and in three or four days I think I was well up in my duties. The clerical work I easily performed — indeed I was quite astonished at the imwonted powers I was -developing. The Alfred Hospital is intended to be built on the pavilion. system, but at present consists of only the centre building and one wing, connected by a covered way, which also acts as a gallery for communication between the first floors. In the grounds is a cottage for contagious cases. In a separate building at the back are the kitchen, laundry, store, and sleeping rooms of the male servants. In the main building, on the ground floor, are, on one side, the patients' waiting-rooms, consulting^ooms, and dispensary. On the other side are the secretary's office, sitting-room, and sleeping apartments of the resident medical officers, and board-room, which is also used as a dining-room by the staff". Upstairs are the apartments of the matron, dispenser, nurses, and female servants, and the two female wards, surgical and medical. In the pavilion are the two male wards. The hall and passages are spacious and airy, and are ornamented by two fine stained-glass windows, the gift of the late Mr. George Rolfe, one of the fathers of the institution. From the spacious verandah in front the view over Fawkner Park is rather circumscribed ; but from the first floors one has a magnificent view over South Yarra, Prahran, Emerald- hill, St Kilda, and Hobson's Bay. Melbourne is nearly entirely hidden from view. The hospital grounds are pleasant with shrubs and flowers, but the want of shade trees must be sadly Digitized by Google THREE WEEKS IN THE ALFRED HOSPITAL. 1 5 felt in the hot weather, and there is not even an arbour or shed for shelter from sun or rain, as at Kew. The officers are all comfortably quartered, but I found the accommodation allotted to the hall-porter rather meagre. My room was on the ground floor, next to the larder : the furniture — ^an iron bedstead, an old wash-stand, and chair. The gas, which is never turned off, was a desideratum. The bed was of straw — hard, but healthy. I had to be my own housemaid, and consequently the room was not kept so neat as if tended by female hands. At half-past five in the morning I would be aroused by the bell/ rung by the watchman, to awake the female servants. Dozing for an hour, I would arise and sally out, jug in handj to obtain a supply of fresh water. My morning toilet made, I would, perhaps, walk round the ward, and then relieve the watchman at the ddor. The arrival of the daily papers iduiiished ample amusement, broken by breakfast-time, until after the doctors had made their rounds^ at ten o'clock. Then the nurses would bring down their ward- books; and after making the alterations therein, and taking note of the previous day's admissions and discharges, the hardest work of the day began in making up the diets. However, after a short time I could get all this through in an hour. Another hour would fix up all the office work for the day ; and so I had afterwards, apparently, nothing to do but lounge about the door- way, practise the purse trick, and talk with the grooms and coachmen of the various medical officers. There was never any very great rush of patients, half-a-dozen admissions during the day being a large number. The attendance of out-patients, also, was not very large. All these had first to be passed by me — the Cerberus and St Peter of the institution. I had been Digitized by Google 1 6 THE VAGABOND PAPERS. instructed how I should talk to the patients, and was told I must be very firm. This was about my mode of procedure : — A poor woman would, perhaps, come timidly to the door. " Well, madam, what can I do for you ? " 1 asked. " I want to see the doctor." " Have you an order from a subscriber?" ** No.*' " Well, this won't do, you know ; you ought to bring an order from a subscriber, or a letter firom some respectable person, saying you are unable to pay for medical advice." " I didn't know, sir." "All right ; don't do it again. I'll give you a casualty ticket." In thus waylaying patients I only obeyed my orders. The theory of the management of the Alfred, like the Melbourne Hospital, is that none shall be admitted or receive medical relief unless they bring a form of recommend- ation from a subscriber or well-known citizen, and go through a lot of red-tape formulae. I totally disagree with this system, and believe that, for out-patients at least, hospitals should be open to alL However, accidents and urgent cases of sickness are supposed to be treated at once, and the sufferers were furnished by me with a casualty ticket, which runs — "This ticket is of use for the day only ; if further advice or treatment is necessary, the bearer must make application, with the usual form, to the Committee of the Hospital." In practice, however, none were ever refused admission to the Alfred Hospital, either as out or in-patients. Many came to the door unknown and without recommendations, and were passed in by me on a " casualty ticket," and the resident medical officers, after examination, admitted them as in-patients. It appears to be the policy of the management of the Alfired Hospital to increase, by every means, the real and apparent work. I say "apparent," because the weekly and yearly reports show more patients relieved than is really the case. Digitized by Qoogle THREE WEEKS IN THE ALFRED HOSPITAL. 1 7 The last annual report states that, during 1875, the following various classes of patients were treated: — In-patients, i,tio; out-patients, 2,456 ; casualties, 3,033 ; being an increase of 1,087 over the previous year, viz. ; — In-patients, 87 ; out-patients, 252 ; casualties, 748. The increase in and the number of the latter class appears extraordinary. In the current weekly re- ports to the committee, published in the press, casualties also figure largely, between 60 and 70, as a rule. Now, as I made up these numbers, I can state that not 10 per cent, were really accidents or urgent cases which should come under the head of " casualties." The rest were out and in-patients, who came with proper recommendations ; but who, on admission, were each, by order of the resident medical officers, supplied with a casualty ticket, thus figuring twice in the returns. In several cases a person would be admitted as a casualty, out, and in- patient all in one week, figuring in each return ; and yet there were not three cases, but one case. On leaving the hospital, too, I should have to supply the patient with a casualty ticket to obtain medicine, and so the harmless firaud went on. 1 do not know if this was intentional, but at all events it perpetuated the fiction which the management of the Alfred Hospital is so anxious to maintain, that the institution is urgently needed for the wants of the immediate neighbourhood, and that it is of great local use. Of this I shall treat further on. Although, as I have said, there was ostensibly nothing to do but lounge away the weary hours in the porch, still something might turn up every minute. I might have to write out special orders for meat or grocery, telegrams to patients' firiends, or letters to the undertaker or cemetery. Something might be wrong with a patient's diet, and up and down stairs, to the wards and to the kitchen, I would have to race endeavouring to square things. Digitized by Google l8 the vagabond papers. A death might occur, and then I should have to assist in carry- ing down the body to the dead-house. Mr. Tate, however, said I brought good luck to the institution, as, although there was a death the days of my arrival and departure, only one fatal case happened while I was in the hospital. A hall-porter's work was never finished until he was relieved at night, and even then he stood a chance of being called up to remove a corpse. Although the secretary was my only nominal superior, still I was at the beck and call of the resident medical officer?. At one period of my life I commanded a large body of men, but I also had to obey. Discipline and the first attribute of com- mand — obedience to orders — I had early learned, and it stood me in good stead at the AUred Hospital. I laughed in my sleeve many a time as I humbly went about my work. I don't think the medical officers had anything to complain of in my fulfilment of duties. I certainly gave them no chance of finding fault Dr. Heam, the resident physician, was, as the son of his father should be, a gentleman, of quiet reserved manners, who said little to anyone. I shall always think of him with grati- tude for one good act It was a Sunday. I had been — according to the dictum of an esteemed American fiiend of mine— committing the one unpardonable sin of eating cold pork for supper. I was hungry, and I ate. But I acknowledge my transgression, and my sin I knew would find me out in the small hours of the night, to which I looked forward with horror, unless I could obtain an antidote. But on Sunday nights I could not leave the building, and the servants' mess was run on Good Templar principles. Grog there was none. But help was at hand. I had to take something into the doctor's sitting-room, and Dr. Heam, after kindly acknowledging my Digitized by Google THREE WEEKS IN THE ALFRED HOSPITAL. 19* services, as was his wont to all, said, " will you have a glass of whisky?" Never was invitation more welcome^ but I dissembled my joy, and humbly expressed my thanks ;. saying I had tasted such liquor before. Accordingly, Dr. Ream produced his decanter, and told me to help myself, sa3dng that he had found me very attentive, and he would stand my friend. It was a good act and a kind one. Dr. Heam. You can never tell in this world — one may entertain vagabonds, as well as angels, unawares. Dr. Glendinning, the resident surgeon, was a very new chum, a graduate of the well- known and honoured medical school of Edinburgh. He, like many other successful medical men in Victoria, worked his passage out as ship's surgeon, and luckily dropped into the post— which was then going begging — at the Alfred Hospital. He was a very nice and good-looking young man, who I think would have done well in the Church. He would show very well in the pulpit, clad in a snowy surplice, giving out " dearly beloved ;" and I have no doubt he would be loved by many of his fair congregation. But he is very young, and does not yet by any means understand the manners and customs of a new and democratic country. He put on a great deal *^ too much side," and was very unpopular with the male servants from his Aau^ en has style. Still, I believe him to be decidedly clever, and he was very attentive to his duties, performing many offices which ordinary house surgeons would leave to the nurses, and he will do in time if he will drop some of his peculiarities. Dr. Glendinning never treated me other than well, according to his style to an inferior. I would not give him the chance ; but if he had spoken to me as he did to another male servant, it is not thus I should have had the rhanche. " Liar " is not a pretty word in a gentleman's mouth, when applied to a subordinate, Digitized by Google ^O THE VAGABOND PAPERS. 710 matter what the provocation ; and they don't understand that sort of thing in Victoria. The dispenser, Mr. Frost, was a young colonial, with all the native self-reliance of such. He was very good to me, allowing me to sometimes smoke my pipe of an evening in the dispensary, the only decent place in the establishment in which I was allowed to put my nose. This young gentleman was a source of great enjoyment to me from his fondness for American humourists, and the pains he took to introduce me to them^ and generally improve my mind. ^* Have you read The Innocents Abroad^ by Mark Twain, you know ?** said he. " Is he an Australian ?" I jesuitically asked, although with a warm remembrance of a certain evening spent at the Lotos Club, New York, in company with Mr. Samuel Clemens, when Mr. Whitelaw Reid, editor of the New York Tribune^ was chairman, and Mr. Locke (Petroleum V. Nasby) the vice. " What, not read Mark Twain ? Why, man, you haven't lived yet ;" and Mr. Frost kindly lent me Roughing If^ to introduce me to that author. Shakespeare, Dickens, George Eliot, and Mark Twain I can always read a second time, so was thankful for the loan of this work ; it passed away an idle and monotonous hour. The efitrke to the dispensary was a ^reat boon to me, and on several occasions there were highly interesting conversations, which, if fully reported, would prove instructive. Mr. Tate, my master, was a real nice little gentleman, of a <:onfiding disposition. He was a graduate of Christ's Hospital and th^ Railway Clearing House, London, which institutions turn out educated men and good accountants. He early took a fancy to me, and let me have the complete run of his office, trusting a great deal to a new hand. He is a phrenologist and physiognomist, and soon, as he thought, gauged my character. Digitized by Google THREE WEEKS IN THE ALFRED HOSPITAL. 2r The iirst week I was there I suggested that he should lock a certain drawer containing valuables. " No/' said he, " if there is any loss I have to make it good, and I would sooner do so than be suspicious of you. I am a judge of character, you see. I don't know how it is, but I can tell intuitively if a man is to be trusted, and I feel I can fully trust you ;" and Mr. Tate meditated on this wonderful insight he possessed, whilst I thought of Judas Iscariot and other traitors. Littie did this, innocent gentleman dream of the " Vagabond" he was nursing, so to speak, in his bosom. He was so much pleased with the manner in which I performed my duties, that I began to think hall-porters, like poets, were bom, not made, and that I had at last found my true sphere in this life. Mr. Sizar Elliot, the collector, one of the pioneers of the. colony, a man who has tried everything, and at last settled down to his present occupa- tion, gave me a good many instructions. " You must let no one in without a subscriber's order or recommendation from a respectable person. Then," continued he, " I am down on the f)arty for a subscription. What we want is money ; the institution cannot be carried on without, and you must look sharply after the patients." As before shown, in this respect Mr. Elliot's orders were continually set at naught. If I got along well with my superiors, I was pleased to think that my fellow-servants and the nurses were generally kindly- disposed towards me. The men messed together in the kitchen, a dreary shed, cold in winter and hot in summer. Here, at eight o'clock in the morning, we breakfasted on fried chops and coffee. For dinner there was beef or mutton^ with bad potatoes. At tea-time, meat again. The abundance of inferior meat was quite characteristic of the colony — I got quite to loathe the sight of flesh. The chief of the table was Digitized by Google ^2 THE VAGABOND PAPERS. the engineer, a good, honest, straightforward, Scotchman, whom I learnt to respect, with the steady watchful gaze of those who pass their time ministering to steam. He intro- duced himself to me humorously by asking if I knew Stonewall Jackson. I thought of the time when I had last seen that hero, whom England has honoured by the magnificent statue presented by private subscribers throughout Great Britain, and now erected in the Capitol grounds at Richmond ; and I said, ^^ Yes, I had heard of him." " Well, my name is Jadcson, and, like him, I don't care a for any man." I scarcely remem- bered this as the peculiar attribute of the great Virginian general, but said I hoped I should never offend Mr. Jackson. Next there was the gardener, an Anglo-Saxon from Kent, with bronzed face and arms, the healthy livery of his occupation. The dispensary porter was pale and sickly-looking, as became one who passed his time amongst drugs. The messenger boy was a good lad, with the sporting proclivities of a young Aus- tralian. The mess was made up by the out-door-patient porter, who looked after these when they had run the gauntlet of the hall porter's inspection. He was an Orangeman, and open to chaff as such. An honest man, but bigoted, as is the fashion of Ulster boys. We got along very well, however. The table furniture of our mess was modest — ^plates we certainly had — knives and forks too, of a kind. Cups and teaspoons there were none, but in their stead mugs and large iron spoons, used for every purpose. Quite colonial, in feet However, as I went in strongly for reforms of all kinds whilst in the hospital, I got Mr. Tate to order some cups, saucers, and tea- spoons, which arrived, however, after I left The living and service was altogether worse than my experiences of such at Kew, but in other respects quite different We had our meals Digitized by Google THREE WEEKS IN THE ALFRED HOSPITAL. 2$ in an orderly way and like Christians^ our conversatioii restrained and chastened by the presence of the female sex, for although it was a nuisance messing in the kitchen, we had the J[>enefit of the presence and conversation of the cooks, house^ maids, and nurses, whd would be in and out, getting the patients' dinner. Now, I reckon all these girls were about as good as they make them of the class, many pretty and good-tempered, and given to the cause of temperance — ^as it is in Good Templar lodges. We had our little jokes, but there was no harm done. I certainly liked them better than the "young ladies" at Kew. The absurdity of "Miss-ing" every one there annoyed me; but at the Alfred Hospital one could call the girls " Sally,'* *' Mary," or "Jenny," without their being offended. One of them was a passionate lover of music, and I was surprised when she took me up whilst humming a rather unknown opera tune. Another pretty girl, one of the nurses — who has determined to marry none but "a squatter's son" — was down on me the first day I appeared at the mess. She, it seems, has a sister at Kew, and had seen me at the ball there. She was not certain of this; but as every new patient for a long time back had endured scrutiny, and been suspected as " The Vagabond," she began questioning me. I was com- plimented to see that she remembered more of my writings than I did myself; but I was very innocent, and lied beautifully; and so, until I left, the suspicion died away. This girl had a great down on "The Vagabond," and amused me by the vicious maimer in which she snapped her teeth, and said, " I should like to catch him in my ward. I'd serve him out He'd get a dose he'd remember." However, I don't think this young party would be so hard on me now. Altogether, we were rather a jolly lot in the kitchen, but it is a wretched place for the Digitized by Google 24 THE VAGABOND PAPERS. servants to mess or congregate in. I really think the com- mittee should build a dining-room, where the nurses and servants could also sit when off duty. Some of the men are married and have their own homes, although they have to be on duty and stop on the premises * on certain nights during the week; but for those who live at the hospital, it is in wet weather a miserable time. I myself was lucky, being allowed in the dispensary, from my semi-clerical position, having privi- leges ; but I wish to put in a good word on behalf of my late fellow servants. The night watchman was a quaint old Scotchman, who had dreary work during the long hours of the night. In the event of any accident case arriving, or a death in the ward, he would call up another man to assist him ; but these happened very rarely, and my rest was not disturbed during my stay. Months might pass without a casualty arriving in the nights. The watchman was deeply impressed with the responsibilities of his position, and was very exact in keeping the time-book, the record of the absences of the servants and staff. Nothing appeared to delight him more than marking the late return of the resident physician or surgeon. This time-book was a great nuisance to me, and I never presumed to spy out or mark the comings and goings of the above gentlemen. It is a practice which I think should be discontinued, as highly degrading to a professional man. I have now criticised all the staff with one exception. I find that, contrary to my usual custom of giving place aux dames^ I have not yet mentioned the matron. Miss Turriff. When Mr. Frederick Hudson, Mr. Connery, Mr. John Russell Young, or other gentlemen entrusted for the time being by James Gordon Bennett the Second with the manage- Digitized by Google THREE WEEKS IN THE ALFRED HOSPITAL. 25 ment of the New York Herald^ had occasion to send out "special correspondents'* or "commissioners," they spoke thuswise : — " Mr. Henry M. Stanley, you will witness the fall of Magdala, afterwards find Livingstone, return and be lionized for a short time, then discover the sources of the Nile, and make war on our account, killing and taking kings and chiefs captives pour s'amuser.^^ " Mr. O'Kelly, you will go to Cuba, and spend some time in the jungle with the insurgents. It is true you may be shot as a spy by the Spaniards, but then we'll get up a war with Spain and annex the island. You will be the means of doing a great work." " Mr. MacGahan, you will go to Klhiva. We doij't know where it is, or how you'll get there, but you must go. Should you survive* you will take a trip to the North Pole and extend our circulation thither." " Mr. Henderson, you will have to spend some time amongst the swamp angels of Arkansas and Lousiana. , You may never return. God bless you." " Gentlemen, one word to each and all. The management of this journal desires you to give us facts, if you can, but, above all make your letters interesting and amusing. Good-bye." Now, The Argus is conducted on entirely different principles. As regards "The Vagabond" articles, my only instructions are to write the truth as I see it, and never sacrifice the same, however dull it be. I receive no "riding orders." Many people may say I am allowed too great latitude of expression ; but I am proud to think that my good faith is relied upon, if my discretion is sometimes lacking. However, before I assumed my situation at the Alfred Hos- pital, I was ordered to examine two points, about which there has been some debate. These were — ^have the disputes between members of the regular staff had a prejudicial effect upon the management of the institution, and does the Alfred 3 Digitized by Google 26 THE VAGABOND PAPERS. Hospital well fulfil its ostensible mission. For some months past reports had appeared in the daily press of charges brought by, or against, the matron — Miss Turriff— and of squabbles with and summary dismissal of female servants, indicating a state of things anything but calculated to promote the efficient working of a charitable institution. Private investigations had been held by the committee, but the evidence was not published ; and a general wish on the part of the management to hush up matters appeared evident Now, in my position as clerk and hall-porter, I had access to information which enables me to form a fair opinion of the late and present troubles. It would take too long, and prove uninteresting if written out /;/ extenso. Besides, I trust the whole system of management, and the conduct of the com- mittee, resident, and medical and surgical staff, will shortly be the subject of a public and disinterested inquiry. In the following brief sketch and conclusions formed, I am very sorry that I have to speak unfavourably of the matron. To write one word against a woman is repugnant to my private feelings; but I must put these on one side in performing a public duty. Miss Turriff came out to Sydney with a batch of trained nurses consigned to Miss Osbom, lady superintendent of the Infirmary. When the Duke of Edinburgh was struck down by the hand of an assassin. Miss Turriff and Nurse Miller (who came out with her, and is now in the Alfred Hospital) were appointed to nurse the Royal sufferer. I presume they did their work well, and, with the aid of Providence and the doctors, pulled their interesting charge through his crisis. The Duke was not ungrateful. It is said he gave them each ;^5, a gold watch, and his blessing. He did more — he promised to Digitized by Google THREE WEEKS IN THE ALFRED HOSPITAL. 27 look after their future welfare. Unlike many royal promises, this was not broken. When the foundation-stone of the Alfred Hospital was laid, the Duke, it is said, mentioned the name of Miss Turriflf to the committee, and she was appointed matron. Niurse Miller was by the same influence elected matron of the Brisbaine Infirmary; but she was not strong enough for the place, and is now a subordinate of her old comrade. Mr. James Service is an excessively loyal man. In his eyes, no doubt, a halo of glory is around the lady who nursed a prince, and had the honour of adjusting royal bandages. Anyhow, it is the open statement of everyone I have met that Miss Turriflf is the protkgke (the term is -not meant oflfensively) of Mr. Service, and as such can do no wrong. A man of strong, indomitable will, Mr. Service, as chairman of the Alfi*ed Hospital, is, in fact, the management. The rest of the members generally bow to his decisions, and considering the interest he takes in the institution, and his intellectual superiority, it is not strange that they should do so. I believe Miss Turriflf to be a lady of remarkably good intentions, but she has unfortunately a natu- rally obnoxious way of displaying these. Almost firom the very first she has been at " loggerheads " with the diflferent members of the staflf, and under her rhgime there have been about 120 new female servants and nurses within the last five years. The system of management established by the committee, I think, was firom the very first a wrong one. The secretary and super- intendent was supposed to have the power of appointment of all the male servants, and the matron of the female servants and nurses. The one was the master and the other the mistress of the house. This division of power and want of a head is, I believe, a vicious system of administration. The want of harmony be- tween the matron and other ofldcers of the institution came to Digitized by Google 28 THE VAGABOND PAPERS. a crisis early this year. The medical officers appear to have always objected to Miss Turriffs interference with die ward duties of the nurses, and also with the patients, both male and female. For months at a time things have been in such a state that all communications between the secretary, resident surgeon, and the matron have been carried on in writing. At last Dr. Cooke, the then medical officer, wrote to Mr. Tate, the secretary, requesting him to lay the conduct of Miss Turriff, in interfering with his duties, and with the patients, before a com- mittee. Mr. Tate patched up a hollow truce between them. The letter-writing, however, still went on ; and from the speci- mens which fell under my notice, in this the lady had consider- ably the best of her correspondents. She would make a capital editor of a New York religious newspaper. In January a man died in the hospital, and Miss Turriff wrote a letter to Dr. Cooke, couched in the strongest language, accusing him of having, through negligence, caused the man's death, and bring-. ing against him charges, which, if true, would and should ruin him as a professional man for life. She appears also to have written in the same strain to Mr. Service ; and let me say that, all throughout, the sjsmi-private correspondence between the secretary and matron and the chairman I hold to be entirely wrong. Mr. Service, no doubt, has acted as he thought for the best in keeping things quiet, and as hr as possible preventing* these disputes coming before the committee, and thence getting into the papers. It would, however, have been far better to have gone thoroughly and publicly into the matter six months ago. A copy of Mr. Service's reply to Miss Turriff is on file at the hospital, in which he privately censures her for her letter to Dr. Cooke ; but in the official report of the sub-committee appointed to inquire into the case, while its members are unani- Digitized by Google THREE WEEKS IN THE ALFRED HOSPITAL. 29 mously of opinion "that the resident medical officer has come scathless out of the inquiry, and that the interests of die insti- tution are safe in his hands," yet Miss Turriff was not ev«i cen- sured — in fact rather complimented for her zeal. Miss Turriff had threatened to resign if Dr. Cooke remained, but did not do so. That gentleman, however, took an early <q)portumty of retiring into private practice, leaving, as I saw entered on the minutes, with a most gratifying testimonial from the com- mittee as to his conduct as resident mediod officer for three years at the Alfred Hospital. I think that the very fact of Miss Turriff being retained ia her position after the gross charge she brought against Dr. Cooke is a conclusive proof of the influence of the Hon. James Service. He's a man who will not "go back on" his friends. I may say that an inquest had been held as to the ■death of the man in question, and a verdict exonerating the staff had been found. Miss Turriff was now present mistress of the position, and remains such, although these unhappy squabbles — ^what Mr. Service wisely calls " heartburnings and •strife, which should have no existence in a charitable institu- tion " — still went on. A great deal has been said in the papers lately about " the Nurse Thompson case.'* She brought an action against the committee of the hospital for unjust dismissal, but was nonsuited. I think all this sort of actions foolish and ill-advised, but wish that it had been tried on its merits, so that the public might have had open testimony as to the state of things at the hospital. But the committee do not want any inquiry^ Without expressing any opinion as to the merits, I have an inveterate dislike to any case being stopped by legal technicalities, I would have ever3rthing tried out fair, square, and publicly, mulcting a plaintiff heavily for vexatious or Digitized by Google 30 THE VAGABOND PAPERS. |
github_open_source_100_8_20051 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | //
// MainTableView.swift
// FMDemo
//
// Created by mba on 17/2/9.
// Copyright © 2017年 mbalib. All rights reserved.
//
import UIKit
class MainTableView: RefreshBaseTableView {
var parentVC: MainViewController?
/// 加载刷新数据
override func loadData() {
KeService.actionGetCourses(start: start, num: num, success: { (bean) in
if self.action == .loadNew {
self.dataList?.removeAll()
}
if let datas = bean.data {
for data in datas {
self.dataList?.append(data)
}
}
self.loadCompleted()
}) { (error) in
if 40301 == error.code {
self.loadError(error, isEmptyData: true)
} else {
self.loadError(error, isEmptyData: false)
}
}
}
}
// MARK: - tableviewDelegate
extension MainTableView{
func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView, didSelectRowAt indexPath: IndexPath) {
tableView.deselectRow(at: indexPath, animated: true)
if let bean = self.dataList?[indexPath.row] as? GetCoursesData {
if let url = bean.url {
parentVC?.pushPlayCourseVC(url: url)
} else {
parentVC?.pushCourseDetailVC(cid: bean.cid ?? "",title: bean.title ?? "")
}
}
}
}
// MARK: - DZNEmptyDataSetSource, DZNEmptyDataSetDelegate
extension MainTableView {
func image(forEmptyDataSet scrollView: UIScrollView!) -> UIImage! {
return #imageLiteral(resourceName: "course_emptyBgimg")
}
func title(forEmptyDataSet scrollView: UIScrollView!) -> NSAttributedString! {
let attributes = [ NSFontAttributeName: UIFont.boldSystemFont(ofSize: 15.0), NSForegroundColorAttributeName: UIColor.colorWithHexString("5bacff")]
let text = "当前无任何课程"
return NSAttributedString(string: text, attributes: attributes)
}
func spaceHeight(forEmptyDataSet scrollView: UIScrollView!) -> CGFloat {
return 20
}
func verticalOffset(forEmptyDataSet scrollView: UIScrollView!) -> CGFloat {
return -60
}
}
|
github_open_source_100_8_20052 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | /* Copyright © 2015 Matthew Champion
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the name of mattunderscore.com nor the
names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL MATTHEW CHAMPION BE LIABLE FOR ANY
DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. */
package com.mattunderscore.trees.binary.mutable;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertSame;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.mattunderscore.trees.binary.MutableBinaryTreeNode;
/**
* Tests for {@link MutableBinaryTreeImpl}.
*
* @author Matt Champion on 04/05/15
*/
public final class MutableBinaryTreeImplTest {
private final Constructor<String> constructor = new Constructor<>();
@Test
public void build() {
final MutableBinaryTreeImpl<String> leftSubtree = constructor.build("b", new MutableBinaryTreeImpl[0]);
final MutableBinaryTreeImpl<String> rightSubtree = constructor.build("c", new MutableBinaryTreeImpl[0]);
final MutableBinaryTreeImpl<String> tree = constructor.build("a", new MutableBinaryTreeImpl[]{leftSubtree, rightSubtree});
assertEquals("a", tree.getRoot().getElement());
assertFalse(tree.getRoot().isLeaf());
final Iterator<? extends MutableBinaryTreeNode<String>> iterator = tree.getRoot().childIterator();
final MutableBinaryTreeNode<String> left = iterator.next();
final MutableBinaryTreeNode<String> right = iterator.next();
assertFalse(iterator.hasNext());
assertEquals("b", left.getElement());
assertEquals("c", right.getElement());
assertFalse(left.childIterator().hasNext());
assertFalse(right.childIterator().hasNext());
assertTrue(left.isLeaf());
assertTrue(right.isLeaf());
assertEquals(left, tree.getRoot().getChild(0));
assertEquals(right, tree.getRoot().getChild(1));
}
@Test(expected = IllegalStateException.class)
public void badBuild() {
final MutableBinaryTreeImpl<String> subtree0 = constructor.build("a", new MutableBinaryTreeImpl[0]);
final MutableBinaryTreeImpl<String> subtree1 = constructor.build("b", new MutableBinaryTreeImpl[0]);
final MutableBinaryTreeImpl<String> subtree2 = constructor.build("c", new MutableBinaryTreeImpl[0]);
constructor.build("a", new MutableBinaryTreeImpl[]{subtree0, subtree1, subtree2});
}
@Test
public void mutate() {
final MutableBinaryTreeImpl<String> leftSubtree = constructor.build("b", new MutableBinaryTreeImpl[0]);
final MutableBinaryTreeImpl<String> rightSubtree = constructor.build("c", new MutableBinaryTreeImpl[0]);
final MutableBinaryTreeImpl<String> tree = constructor.build("a", new MutableBinaryTreeImpl[]{leftSubtree, rightSubtree});
assertEquals("a", tree.getRoot().getElement());
final MutableBinaryTreeNode<String> left = tree.getRoot().getLeft();
assertNull(left.getLeft());
final MutableBinaryTreeNode<String> leftOfLeft = left.setLeft("d");
assertEquals("d", left.getLeft().getElement());
assertEquals(leftOfLeft, left.getLeft());
assertNull(left.getRight());
final MutableBinaryTreeNode<String> rightOfLeft = left.setRight("e");
assertEquals("e", left.getRight().getElement());
assertEquals(rightOfLeft, left.getRight());
final Iterator<? extends MutableBinaryTreeNode<String>> iterator = left.childIterator();
assertTrue(iterator.hasNext());
assertEquals("d", iterator.next().getElement());
assertEquals("e", iterator.next().getElement());
assertFalse(iterator.hasNext());
}
@Test
public void setRoot() {
final MutableBinaryTreeImpl<String> tree = new MutableBinaryTreeImpl<>();
assertTrue(tree.isEmpty());
final MutableBinaryTreeNode<String> node = tree.setRoot("a");
assertEquals("a", node.getElement());
assertFalse(tree.isEmpty());
assertSame(node, tree.getRoot());
}
@Test
public void removeByIterator() {
final MutableBinaryTreeImpl<String> leftSubtree = constructor.build("b", new MutableBinaryTreeImpl[0]);
final MutableBinaryTreeImpl<String> rightSubtree = constructor.build("c", new MutableBinaryTreeImpl[0]);
final MutableBinaryTreeImpl<String> tree = constructor.build("a", new MutableBinaryTreeImpl[]{leftSubtree, rightSubtree});
assertEquals(2, tree.getRoot().getNumberOfChildren());
final Iterator<? extends MutableBinaryTreeNode<String>> iterator0 = tree.getRoot().childIterator();
assertEquals("b", iterator0.next().getElement());
iterator0.remove();
assertTrue(iterator0.hasNext());
assertEquals(1, tree.getRoot().getNumberOfChildren());
final Iterator<? extends MutableBinaryTreeNode<String>> iterator1 = tree.getRoot().childIterator();
assertEquals("c", iterator1.next().getElement());
iterator1.remove();
assertFalse(iterator1.hasNext());
assertEquals(0, tree.getRoot().getNumberOfChildren());
}
@Test
public void removeByStructuralIterator() {
final MutableBinaryTreeImpl<String> leftSubtree = constructor.build("b", new MutableBinaryTreeImpl[0]);
final MutableBinaryTreeImpl<String> rightSubtree = constructor.build("c", new MutableBinaryTreeImpl[0]);
final MutableBinaryTreeImpl<String> tree = constructor.build("a", new MutableBinaryTreeImpl[]{leftSubtree, rightSubtree});
assertEquals(2, tree.getRoot().getNumberOfChildren());
final Iterator<? extends MutableBinaryTreeNode<String>> iterator0 = tree.getRoot().childStructuralIterator();
assertEquals("b", iterator0.next().getElement());
iterator0.remove();
assertEquals("c", iterator0.next().getElement());
assertEquals(1, tree.getRoot().getNumberOfChildren());
final Iterator<? extends MutableBinaryTreeNode<String>> iterator1 = tree.getRoot().childStructuralIterator();
assertNull(iterator1.next());
assertEquals("c", iterator1.next().getElement());
iterator1.remove();
assertFalse(iterator1.hasNext());
assertEquals(0, tree.getRoot().getNumberOfChildren());
}
@Test(expected = IllegalStateException.class)
public void earlyRemove() {
final MutableBinaryTreeImpl<String> leftSubtree = constructor.build("b", new MutableBinaryTreeImpl[0]);
final MutableBinaryTreeImpl<String> rightSubtree = constructor.build("c", new MutableBinaryTreeImpl[0]);
final MutableBinaryTreeImpl<String> tree = constructor.build("a", new MutableBinaryTreeImpl[]{leftSubtree, rightSubtree});
final Iterator<? extends MutableBinaryTreeNode<String>> iterator0 = tree.getRoot().childIterator();
iterator0.remove();
}
@Test(expected = IllegalStateException.class)
public void earlyStructuralRemove() {
final MutableBinaryTreeImpl<String> leftSubtree = constructor.build("b", new MutableBinaryTreeImpl[0]);
final MutableBinaryTreeImpl<String> rightSubtree = constructor.build("c", new MutableBinaryTreeImpl[0]);
final MutableBinaryTreeImpl<String> tree = constructor.build("a", new MutableBinaryTreeImpl[]{leftSubtree, rightSubtree});
final Iterator<? extends MutableBinaryTreeNode<String>> iterator0 = tree.getRoot().childStructuralIterator();
iterator0.remove();
}
@Test
public void skipMissing() {
final MutableBinaryTreeImpl<String> rightSubtree = constructor.build("b", new MutableBinaryTreeImpl[0]);
final MutableBinaryTreeImpl<String> tree = constructor.build("a", new MutableBinaryTreeImpl[]{new MutableBinaryTreeImpl<>(), rightSubtree});
assertEquals(1, tree.getRoot().getNumberOfChildren());
final Iterator<? extends MutableBinaryTreeNode<String>> iterator0 = tree.getRoot().childIterator();
assertEquals("b", iterator0.next().getElement());
assertFalse(iterator0.hasNext());
}
@Test
public void nullsForEmpty() {
final MutableBinaryTreeImpl<String> rightSubtree = constructor.build("b", new MutableBinaryTreeImpl[0]);
final MutableBinaryTreeImpl<String> tree = constructor.build("a", new MutableBinaryTreeImpl[]{new MutableBinaryTreeImpl<>(), rightSubtree});
assertEquals(1, tree.getRoot().getNumberOfChildren());
final Iterator<? extends MutableBinaryTreeNode<String>> iterator0 = tree.getRoot().childStructuralIterator();
assertNull(iterator0.next());
assertEquals("b", iterator0.next().getElement());
assertFalse(iterator0.hasNext());
}
@Test(expected = IndexOutOfBoundsException.class)
public void getLarge() {
final MutableBinaryTreeImpl<String> rightSubtree = constructor.build("b", new MutableBinaryTreeImpl[0]);
final MutableBinaryTreeImpl<String> tree = constructor.build("a", new MutableBinaryTreeImpl[]{new MutableBinaryTreeImpl<>(), rightSubtree});
tree.getRoot().getChild(3);
}
@Test
public void getNull() {
final MutableBinaryTreeImpl<String> rightSubtree = constructor.build("b", new MutableBinaryTreeImpl[0]);
final MutableBinaryTreeImpl<String> tree = constructor.build("a", new MutableBinaryTreeImpl[]{new MutableBinaryTreeImpl<>(), rightSubtree});
assertNull(tree.getRoot().getChild(0));
}
@Test(expected = NoSuchElementException.class)
public void iterator() {
final MutableBinaryTreeImpl<String> rightSubtree = constructor.build("b", new MutableBinaryTreeImpl[0]);
final MutableBinaryTreeImpl<String> tree = constructor.build("a", new MutableBinaryTreeImpl[]{new MutableBinaryTreeImpl<>(), rightSubtree});
final Iterator<? extends MutableBinaryTreeNode<String>> iterator = tree.getRoot().childIterator();
assertEquals("b", iterator.next().getElement());
assertFalse(iterator.hasNext());
iterator.next();
}
@Test(expected = NoSuchElementException.class)
public void structuralIterator() {
final MutableBinaryTreeImpl<String> rightSubtree = constructor.build("b", new MutableBinaryTreeImpl[0]);
final MutableBinaryTreeImpl<String> tree = constructor.build("a", new MutableBinaryTreeImpl[]{new MutableBinaryTreeImpl<>(), rightSubtree});
final Iterator<? extends MutableBinaryTreeNode<String>> iterator = tree.getRoot().childStructuralIterator();
assertNull(iterator.next());
assertEquals("b", iterator.next().getElement());
assertFalse(iterator.hasNext());
iterator.next();
}
}
|
US-202117226407-A_1 | USPTO | Public Domain | Motor-fan assembly with improved airflow and noise reduction properties
ABSTRACT
A motor-fan assembly includes an assembly housing which supports a motor assembly, a working fan assembly which includes a working fan rotated by the motor assembly which draws in and exhausts working air, and a cooling fan assembly which includes a cooling fan rotated by the motor assembly which draws in and exhausts cooling air. The assembly housing includes a motor vent cover associated with the cooling fan assembly, wherein the motor vent cover further includes a sidewall with at least one vent hole therethrough and at least one socket aligned with the at least one vent hole. The assembly also includes a body having a tube opening extending therethrough, and an inner facing surface with at least one tail receivable in the at least one socket so that the at least one vent hole is contiguous with the tube opening.
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application is a continuation application of prior application Ser. No. 15/782,990 filed Oct. 13, 2017, which is incorporated by reference.
TECHNICAL FIELD
Generally, the present invention is directed to a motor-fan assembly. Specifically, the present invention is directed to a motor-fan assembly that utilizes a housing assembly with reverse motor cooling airflow and other associated structural features to improve motor cooling airflow properties that better cool the internal electronics, allows increased power and reduces fan noise. In particular, the present invention employs replaceable inserts to allow either ambient air or off-site filtered cooling air into and out of the housing assembly.
BACKGROUND ART
Motor-fan assemblies are well known for generation of a directed airflow. Applications using a directed airflow include, but are not limited to, material handling/drying, air sampling, cooling applications, ink drying, and cleaning systems.
FIG. 1 shows a Prior Art motor-fan assembly designated generally by the numeral 50. The assembly 50 includes a motor enclosure 52 with a motor section 54 connected to a fan section 56. A working air inlet 58 axially extends from the fan section 56 which carries a working fan assembly designated generally by the numeral 60. Air is drawn in through the inlet 58 and expelled out a tangential working air outlet 62. A motor blower bracket 64 connects the sections 54 and 56 to one another while keeping the working air isolated from the motor section. The motor section 54 includes a circuit board 66 which is supported by the motor blower bracket 64. Coupled to the circuit board 66 is a brushless motor 68 which includes a stator 70 and a rotor 72 which carries magnets in a manner well known in the art and wherein the rotor has extending therefrom a shaft 74 which extends through the motor blower bracket 64 and rotates the rotatable fans included in the working fan assembly 60. Also connected to the shaft 74 is a cooling fan 76 maintained in the motor section 54. The motor section 54 provides an axial cooling fan inlet 80 and a cooling fan outlet 82 which is typically radially directed from the motor section 54. Rotation of the cooling fan draws air into the motor section 54 through the inlet 80 for the purpose of cooling the stator 70, its associated windings, and the circuit board 66. The cooling airflow then exits through the outlet 82.
Although the Prior Art motor-fan assembly 50 is effective, it experiences performance issues that are fairly well known. The first significant issue is that the power output, especially in brushless-type configurations, is constrained by the positioning of the motor assembly and driving electronics within the motor section 54. The stator windings and certain circuit components, namely a power module and a diode bridge, generate significant amounts of heat. If not adequately cooled, the associated electronics stop performing, which results in a thermal shutdown of the motor 68. Operation of the cooling fan minimizes this from occurring, but overheating reduces operational performance of the motor assembly. It will also be appreciated that the heat, over time, decreases motor life.
The second significant performance issue is related to the generation of noise. The cooling fan flows air over the electronics, but the fan and inlet vents provide sharp edges which generate noise and most vents are axially disposed in relation to the cooling fan so that the noise permeates outwardly with little to no impediment. Filters and mufflers may be provided, but at an added cost and overall motor size increase. Additionally, the vents do little to prevent contaminants from entering the cooling air intake, especially when the motor is in an off condition.
Other drawbacks of current motor configurations are that the inlet and outlet vents are not easily adapted to modification. For example, if the cooling air is maintained in a dirty environment then filters are required, but the filters reduce the cooling airflow, which may lead to overheating. Special fixtures may also need to be mounted to the airflow inlets and outlets for the cooling air, but these are cumbersome and require construction of unique motor sections. Another drawback is that there are typically issues with contaminants from the cooling airflow entering into the working airflow. Finally, current motor-fan assemblies are not well suited for preventing heat migration from the working fan assembly via the motor shaft to the motor section.
Accordingly, there is a need in the art for a motor-fan assembly with improved airflow properties and noise reduction properties. In particular, there is a need for a motor-fan assembly that provides interchangeable inlet and outlet inserts for use with the cooling airflow to enable use of either ambient air or off-site air away from polluted areas.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In light of the foregoing, it is a first aspect of the present invention to provide a motor-fan assembly with improved airflow and noise reduction properties.
It is another aspect of the present invention to provide a motor-fan assembly, comprising an assembly housing which supports a motor assembly, a working fan assembly having a working fan rotated by the motor assembly which draws in and exhausts working air, a cooling fan assembly having a cooling fan rotated by the motor assembly which draws in and exhausts cooling air, the assembly housing comprising a motor vent cover associated with the cooling fan assembly, the motor vent cover having a sidewall with at least one vent hole therethrough, the sidewall having at least one socket aligned with the at least one vent hole, and a body having a tube opening extending therethrough, the body having an inner facing surface with at least one tail receivable in the at least one socket so that the at least one vent hole is contiguous with the tube opening.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
These and other features and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with regard to the following description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a prior art motor-fan assembly;
FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of a motor-fan assembly made in accordance with the concepts of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the motor-fan assembly made according to the concepts of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view (working fan side) of a blower housing used in the motor-fan assembly according to the concepts of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a side perspective view of the blower housing showing an installed inlet vent insert in accordance with the concepts of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a different side perspective view of the blower housing with the inlet vent insert shown exploded away from the blower housing according to the concepts of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the blower housing with an inlet tube insert shown exploded away from the blower housing in accordance with the concepts of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the blower housing according to the concepts of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a motor assembly used in the motor-fan assembly made in accordance with the concepts of the present invention;
FIGS. 10A and 10B are respective top and bottom perspective views of a motor mount bracket used in the motor-fan assembly in accordance with the concepts of the present invention;
FIGS. 11A and 11B are respective top and bottom perspective views of a circuit board incorporated into the motor-fan assembly in accordance with the concepts of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a top perspective view of the circuit board, a stator assembly, and a rotor assembly assembled to the motor mount bracket according to the concepts of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a top perspective view of a motor cover utilized in the motor-fan assembly according to the concepts of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a bottom perspective view of the motor cover according to the concepts of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a top view of the motor cover according to the concepts of the present invention;
FIG. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Referring now to FIGS. 2 and 3, it can be seen that a motor-fan assembly according to the present invention is designated generally by the numeral 100. As generally described in the Background Art, a motor-fan assembly generates a working airflow for a particular end use and also a cooling airflow to cool the internal components of the associated motor assembly.
The motor-fan assembly 100 includes an assembly housing 102 which is made up of a number of major component parts that will be generally discussed in an overview of the assembly's operation. Following this general discussion, each of the major components and their component parts will be discussed.
The assembly housing 102 includes a working fan assembly 104 which draws in ambient air, which may or may not be filtered, and exhausts the working air as appropriate. In some applications, the vacuum generated by the working fan assembly is the primary purpose of the motor-fan assembly. In other embodiments, generation of the working air is desirable for a particular end use. In the embodiment shown, the working air is drawn in axially to the working fan assembly and exhausted tangentially from the housing 102. In particular, the working fan assembly 104 includes a blower housing 106, which is also part of the assembly housing, and which may be positioned on one side of the working fan assembly to assist in drawing the working air in and then exhausting the working air out as described above.
A motor assembly 110 is maintained in the assembly housing 102 on the side of the blower housing opposite the working fan assembly and which functions to rotate the working fan assembly 104 for generating the working airflow. The motor assembly 110 includes a rotatable shaft 112 which operates the working fan assembly.
A motor cover 114, which may also be a part of the assembly housing 102, covers the motor assembly 110 on a side opposite the blower housing 106. The motor cover 114 assists in routing the cooling airflow, minimizing motor noise, and assists in keeping contaminants from entering into the motor assembly. A cooling fan assembly 116, which is maintained adjacent the motor cover on a side opposite the motor assembly, is rotated by the rotatable shaft 112 and draws cooling air in from the blower housing 106, wherein the cooling airflow passes through and around the motor assembly 110. A motor vent cover 118, which may also be a part of the assembly housing 102, covers the cooling fan assembly 116 and may be coupled to the motor cover 114 and/or the blower housing 106 so as to provide for an exhaust path for the cooling air generated by the cooling fan assembly 116.
The working fan assembly 104 may be of a standard construction. The assembly 104 includes a fan shell 122 which may be mounted to the blower housing 106 by friction fit, fasteners, or other means. The fan shell may provide an axial opening 124 which may also be referred to as a working air inlet. Contained within the working fan assembly may be a multi-stage fan 126 that operates in a manner known in the art. In the present embodiment, the fan 126 may include a rotating fan 128 secured to an end of the rotatable shaft 112 wherein the fan 128 includes an axial opening aligned with the axial opening 124 which pulls air in and expels the air radially within the fan shell. Next, the expelled radial air is received into a stationary fan 130 which is positioned axially adjacent the rotating fan 128. The stationary fan 130 provides radial vanes which reroute the working air exhausted by the fan 128 to an axial opening that is on a side of the fan 130 opposite the rotating fan 128. Skilled artisans will appreciate that the stationary fan 130 is secured within the fan shell and does not rotate with the shaft 112. Another rotating fan 132 is positioned axially adjacent the stationary fan 130 and axially receives air from the stationary fan through an axial opening. The rotating fan 130 then radially exhausts the working air which then passes out the fan shell 122 via a working air outlet provided by the blower housing 106 as will be discussed. A spool spacer 134 may be secured to the shaft 112 and is employed to position and hold the rotating fans 128 and 132 on the shaft 112 and to allow for positioning of the stationary fan 130 between the rotating fans 128 and 132.
A top hat spacer 140 may be secured to the shaft 112 and provides a slip fit therebetween. In some embodiments, an adhesive may be employed to secure the spacer 140 to the shaft. The spacer 140 extends through and into the blower housing 106 in a manner which will be discussed. The top hat spacer 140 includes a base 142 which may be positioned adjacent a facing surface of the rotating fan 132. A column 144 extends from the base 142 and the spacer 140 has a spacer opening 146 that extends through the column so as to receive the shaft 112.
Referring now generally to FIGS. 2 and 3, and specifically to FIGS. 4-8, it can be seen that the blower housing is designated generally by the numeral 106. The blower housing 106 includes an outer wall 150 which may be generally cylindrically shaped and wherein a plurality of external mounting lugs 152 may extend radially outward from the outer wall 150. The outer wall 150 may be split transversely by a chamber wall 154. In the present embodiment, the chamber wall 154 includes a working fan side 156 which faces the working fan assembly 104 and a motor side 158 which faces the motor assembly 110. The chamber wall 154 includes a spacer/shaft opening 160 which extends from one side to the other and receives the top hat spacer 140 and, in particular, the column 144, wherein the rotatable shaft 112 is received in the spacer opening 146. The top hat spacer and the received motor shaft 112 rotate within the spacer/shaft opening 160 in a manner that will be discussed.
The working fan side 156 may provide a volute 164 which gradually expands from an outer radial periphery of the blower housing toward a port 166 which extends tangentially from an exterior of the outer wall 150. Together, the fan shell 122, the working fan side 156 of the chamber wall 154, and the outer wall 150 form a working fan chamber 165 which receives the multi-stage fan 126. Generally, the multi-stage fan 126 draws working air into the chamber 165, pressurizes the working air and propels the airflow toward the port 166. The port 166 provides for a port opening 168 from which the working air is exhausted. As the working fan assembly 104, and in particular the rotating fans 128 and 132 are rotated by the shaft, an airflow is drawn in through the axial opening 124 and the airflow generated by the rotating fan 132 is expelled into the volute 164. The volute generally expands which allows for a corresponding expansion of the airflow until exiting the port opening 168.
The motor side 158, which is formed by the outer wall 150 and the chamber wall 154, provides a volute wall 172 which extends from the chamber wall and is the other side of the volute 164 provided on the working fan side 156. Together the volute wall 172, the chamber wall 154, and the interior surface of the adjacent wall 150 form a blower housing chamber 174. The outer wall 150 provides for internally extending mounting lugs 176 which may provide for connection points to other components within the motor-fan assembly such as the motor assembly 110 as will be described. The motor side 158 of the blower housing 106 and in particular the outer wall 150 may provide for a cooling air inlet 178 which allows for entry of cooling airflow into the assembly housing 102. As will be discussed in more detail, the cooling fan assembly draws cooling air in through the inlet 178 which is then routed internally through the assembly housing and out the motor vent cover 118. In some embodiments, a deflector wall 179 may extend substantially perpendicularly from the motor side 158 of the chamber wall 154 in a position radially offset from the inlet 178. The deflector wall 179 may serve to re-direct the incoming airflow within the blower housing chamber 174 and/or to reduce or muffle the amount of sound emanating from the motor assembly. The wall may be substantially concentric with the inlet 178 and the outer wall 150 or the deflector may be skewed in relation to the outer wall 150 to obtain a desired noise reduction or airflow within the chamber 174.
In the present embodiment, the chamber wall 154 functions to separate the working fan assembly 104 from the remainder of the motor-fan assembly 100. Referring back to FIG. 1, it will be appreciated that the prior art fan section 56 was positioned immediately adjacent the motor section 54. As a result, heat generated by the working fan assembly migrated along the rotatable shaft toward and into the motor assembly 110. In the present embodiment, the chamber wall 154 isolates the working fan assembly from the remainder of the motor-fan assembly 110 including the bearings associated therewith.
In some embodiments, the inlet 178 may simply be appropriately sized openings in the outer wall 150. However, in the present embodiment the inlet 178 may be formed with replaceable inserts that allow the end-user to modify the motor-fan assembly in such a way as dictated by a particular end-use of the assembly and concerns as to whether the cooling air can be drawn from the surrounding ambient air or from a source of air that does not contain contaminants that might otherwise be found in the ambient air. In one embodiment, the blower housing 106 and, in particular the outer wall 150 on the motor side 158, provides for an insert frame 180 which extends almost 90° along the arcuate length of the wall 150. The frame 180 includes a frame bottom edge 182 along the outer wall 150. The edge 182 may provide for a step wall 183 that perpendicularly extends from the frame bottom edge 182 and from which perpendicularly extends an insert step 184 which is aligned along the frame bottom edge 182. In some embodiments, an edge groove 185 may be formed between an exterior surface of the outer wall and the step wall 183. Extending substantially perpendicularly from each end of the frame bottom edge 182 are a pair of opposed insert tracks 186. Formed between each of the tracks 186 is a track groove 190. Accordingly, the insert frame 180 and, in particular the edge 182 and the tracks 186, form an insert opening designated generally by the numeral 192.
The wall 150, on the motor side 158, provides an outer wall edge 194. At selected locations along the outer wall edge are a number of connector notches 196. When the motor assembly is assembled to the blower housing 106, the notches 196 are enclosed to provide selective access to switches and connectors associated with the motor assembly.
The insert opening 192 may receive an inlet insert 200 that forms the cooling air inlet 178. In one embodiment the inlet insert may be an inlet vent insert 200A (FIG. 6) and in another embodiment the inlet insert may be an inlet tube insert 200B (FIG. 7). A vent insert 200A allows for the entry of cooling air into the assembly housing 102, as does the inlet tube insert 200B. The inserts 200 may be of a generally arc shaped construction so as to be aligned with the cylindrical shape of the outer wall of the blower housing 106. When the inlet tube insert 200B is employed, a connection port is provided so that a tube or other hose-like configuration may be secured to the tube insert, wherein the opposite end of the connected tube has an inlet that is positioned away from the motor-fan assembly 100. This allows for air from a clean or non-dirty source or filter attachment to be directed through the motor-fan assembly if desired.
The inlet vent insert 200A includes an arcuate body 202A with an outer facing surface 203A. Opposite the outer facing surface 203A is an inner facing surface 204A. The body provides for opposed side edges 206A that are connected by a bottom edge 208A. A top edge 210A connects the side edges 206A on the side opposite the bottom edge 208A. An insert wall extension 212A extends from the body 202A and is of the same arc shape as the body 202A. Extending from each side edge 206A is an insert rail 214A. The body 202A also provides a number of openings 218 extending therethrough which may be slanted or otherwise configured. As best seen in FIGS. 6 and 7, the insert rails 214A are receivable in the corresponding track grooves 190. As a result, the inlet vent insert 200A may be installed and removed as needed for a particular end use.
In place of the inlet vent insert 200A, the inlet tube insert 200B may be installed. The inlet tube insert 200B is constructed in a manner similar to the insert 200A, except that the vent openings 218 are replaced with a tube 224 extending from the outer facing surface 203B. Otherwise, the components of the insert 200B that are common with the insert 200A are provided with the same identifying number, but a corresponding suffix. In any event, the tube 224 forms a tube opening 226 which serves as a connection point for a tube, hose, or filter media that provides clean cooling air to the motor-fan assembly as discussed above.
Both inserts may be held in place when the motor mount bracket 250 is secured to the blower housing 106. The motor cover may also provide a bottom edge that further exerts a sealing force on the respective insert.
As best seen in FIGS. 5-8, the chamber wall 154 on the motor side 158 provides for a seal pocket designated generally by the numeral 230 which surrounds the shaft opening 160. In the embodiment shown, the seal pocket 230 may be a non-circular shape although a circular shape may be employed if desired. Concentric around the shaft opening 160 and within the seal pocket is at least one concentric rib 232. As best seen in FIG. 8, the top hat column 144 extends through the shaft opening 160 and a seal 240, which may be made of an adhesive backed PTFE® (polytetrafluoroethylene), sold under the trademark GORE-TEX® manufactured by W.L. Gore & Associates, is placed and adhesively or frictionally held in the seal pocket 230. In another embodiment, the seal 240 may be provided with non-circular or straight sides that are shaped similar to the seal pocket 230. Or, the seal may be provided with straight sides wherein the pocket is circular in shape. In any event, it is desired that the seal and the seal pocket be configured so as to prevent rotation of the seal as the shaft rotates. Preventing rotation is also assisted by the concentric rib 232 which also assists in compressing the seal to prevent moisture migration. The seal 240 includes a seal opening 241 which is aligned with the shaft opening 160. The seal also provides for a chamber side 242 which faces the seal pocket 230 and a motor bracket side 244 which faces outwardly into the blower housing chamber 174. Operation of the seal 240 will be provided after a discussion of the motor assembly.
Referring now to FIGS. 2 and 3 and 9-12, it can be seen that the motor assembly is designated generally by the numeral 110. The motor assembly rotates the shaft 112 which rotates the fans in the working fan assembly 104 and the fan in the cooling fan assembly 116. The motor assembly may include a motor mounting bracket 250. The bracket 250 may include a mounting plate 252 which includes a circuit board side 254 which generally faces the motor cover 114 and the motor vent cover 118, and a blower housing side 255 which generally faces the blower housing 106. The plate 252 is generally disc-shaped and in some embodiments is made of aluminum, or other material which functions as a heat sink. Extending from both sides of the mounting plate 252 is a tubular core 256 wherein the entire length of the core rotatably receives the rotatable shaft 112. The core 256 includes an inner core wall 258 which is generally concentric with the rotatable shaft. The tubular core provides a blower end 260 which is received in the blower housing chamber 174. The tubular core also provides a motor end 262 opposite the blower end 260. The blower end 260 is positioned and supported by the seal pocket 230 and, in particular the motor bracket side 244 of the seal 240. The blower end 260 provides an inward extension 261 of the inner core wall 258, which forms a blower end hole 266 that receives the top hat spacer column 144. Indeed, the column 144 of the top hat spacer 140 extends into the blower end hole 266. Moreover, the blower end 260 is positioned adjacent the seal 240 and, in particular, the chamber side 242 of the seal 240. When the motor assembly 110 is assembled to the blower housing 106, a compressive force is directed through the mounting plate 252 and the tubular core 256 so as to exert a compressive force on the seal 240 which may have a smaller diameter opening than the diameter of the column 144. Accordingly, as the shaft 112 and the spacer 140 rotate, a seal is formed between the inner diameter of the seal 240 and the outer diameter of the column 144.
A bearing 268 is received between the inner core wall 258 and the shaft 112 near the inward extension 261 that forms the blower end hole 266. A bearing spacer 270 may be interposed between the bearing 268 and the inward extension 261 of the inner core wall 258 which forms the blower end hole 266. In some embodiments, a top edge of the column 144 may support an inner race of the bearing 268. At the opposite end of the blower end hole 266, at the motor end 262, is an inner core step 272 which extends inwardly from the inner core wall 258. A bearing 274 has an inner race secured to the shaft and an outer race received on and supported by the inner core step 272 so as to provide rotatable support between the shaft 112 and the inner core wall 258. As will be appreciated by skilled artisans, the spacer 270 may be a wave spacer which takes any end play out of the balls in the bearings when compressed. When the fan assemblies 104 and 116 are assembled to the shaft 112, the top hat spacer 140 is captured between an inner race of the earing 268 and the spool spacer 134.
The mounting plate 252 is connected to the tubular core 256 at about a midpoint thereof by a plurality of connecting ribs 276. The connecting ribs form a plurality of mounting plate vents 278 between the plate 252 and the core 256 which are concentric around the tubular core 256. The mounting plate 252 may also provide for mounting plate flanges 280 which extend from the blower housing side 255 and which mateingly fit into the blower housing 106. The mounting plate 252 may also provide fastener openings 282 which extend therethrough and which are aligned with the internal mounting lugs 176. Fasteners are received through the fastener openings 282 so as to secure the motor mounting bracket 250 to the blower housing which, in turn, results in the blower end 260 exerting a compressive force on the seal 240.
Extending from the mounting plate 252 and in particular the circuit board side 254, are a plurality of circuit board stand offs 286. Additionally, the mounting plate 252 provides for a plurality of plate vents 288 that extend therethrough and which may be strategically placed in relation to the other features of the motor assembly. Heatsinks 290 may extend from the circuit board side 254 and, in some embodiments, a selected number of the vents 288 may be positioned along one or more sides of the heatsink 290. Extending axially from the tubular core 256 is a bearing holder 292 which receives the previously discussed bearing 274 which is supported by the inner core step 272. In some embodiments, an outer facing surface of the tubular core 256 may have a scallop 294 which is an inwardly curved portion positioned between the bearing holder 292 and the connecting ribs 276. The scallop 294 extends around the outer periphery of the tubular core and, as will be discussed in further detail below, assists in the cooling airflow passing through the motor-fan assembly 100 and, in particular, the motor assembly 110.
A circuit board 300, best seen in FIGS. 11A and 11B, which is part of the motor assembly 110, includes a mount plate side 302 and a cooling fan side 304. The mount plate side 302 is placed on to the circuit board stand offs 286 and secured thereto by appropriate fasteners. The mount plate side 302 may include a diode bridge, which may be positioned in proximity to the heatsink 290, and a power module which may be positioned near the plate vents 288. Other significant heat sources may be placed on the mount plate side 302. Extending from the cooling fan side 304 is a stator assembly 312 which has an opening therethrough that aligns with a board opening 316 that extends through the circuit board which also receives the bearing holder 292. The circuit board 300 also provides for a number of connectors 320 so as to receive diagnostic information and/or power. The circuit board also provides a number of DIP switches 322 which allow for adjustments to the operation of the electronics on the circuit board and, as a result, the motor assembly.
Referring back to FIG. 9, positioning of the circuit board 300 on the mounting plate 252 provides for an airflow gap 326 therebetween. The scallop 294 may be aligned with the airflow gap 326 so that cooling airflow passing through the vents 278 and 288 may pass underneath the circuit board and under the stator assembly and other slight openings between the circuit board, the connectors, the mounting plate, and the blower housing. Indeed, the outer wall edge 194 and an outer edge of the circuit board 300 may form a peripheral gap 318 that allows cooling airflow therethrough. The inner edge of the circuit board which forms the board opening 316 may be positioned in a void formed by the scallop 294 so as to form a scallop-board gap 328 that is contiguous with the airflow gap 326 to also allow cooling airflow.
A rotor assembly 330 is secured to an end of the shaft 112 opposite the working fan assembly. The assembly 330 includes a retaining ring 332 which is secured to the shaft wherein one end of the retaining ring is adjacent an inner race of the bearing 274. The rotor assembly 330 further includes a rotor cup 334 which is secured to the retaining ring 332. In the present embodiment, the ring 332 is formed in an injection molding process that utilizes molten zinc material or a zinc-based alloy which secures the rotor cup 334 to the shaft 112. In other embodiments, a spacer and fasteners may be employed to hold the cup adjacent the shaft. The rotor cup includes a cup wall 336 which perpendicularly extends from a cup face 338. The cup face 338 includes a central hole 340 which receives the retaining ring 332 and received shaft 112 therethrough. The face 338 also provides for a plurality of face vents 342 which are openings that extend through the cup face and allow for airflow therethrough. As is commonly understood, a plurality of motor magnets 344 are secured inside the cup wall 336 and face the stator assembly 312. The retaining ring 332 is adjacent the inner race of the bearing in the bearing holder 292. In view of the molded connection provided by the rind 332, the cup 334 rotates with the shaft 112.
Referring now to FIGS. 2, 3, and 13-16, it can be seen that the motor cover is designated generally by the numeral 114. The cover 114 is secured to the blower housing 106 by fasteners or the like and generally covers the motor assembly 110 and its components. The motor cover provides for a motor assembly side 350 which faces the motor assembly opposite a cooling fan side 352. The motor cover 114 includes a cover wall 354 which is generally cylindrically shaped. The cover wall 354 includes a blower edge 355 that is positioned adjacent the blower housing 106. Opposite the blower edge 355 is a platform edge 356.
The cover wall 354 provides a number of outwardly radial external lugs 358 which receive fasteners for attachment to the blower housing 106 and, in particular, the external mounting lugs 152. When attached, connector openings 359 with the connector notches 196 may be formed to allow access to the connectors 320. Extending from the motor assembly side 350 to the cooling fan side 352 is a cover opening 360 which is axially aligned with the tubular core 256 and, in particular, the bearing holder 292. As best seen in FIG. 16, the shaft 112 extends through the cover opening 360. A spacer 361 may be secured to the shaft and may be positioned adjacent the retaining ring 332 and also extends through the cover opening 360. The cover wall provides for a partial inset wall 364 which is substantially aligned with the cover wall 354 and fits around an upper edge of the blower housing. An inset ledge 366 may be provided between the cover wall and the inset wall. Extending from the platform edge 356, which is perpendicular to the inset wall 364, is a platform surface 362 which substantially encloses the motor assembly 110. A portion of the platform surface is defined by a platform ramp edge 368, which is somewhat semi-circular. Extending from an outer edge of the platform surface 362 is a peripheral ramp surface 370. The ramp surface 370 includes an inner ramp wall edge 372 that is connected to the platform ramp edge 368 by a peripheral ramp wall 376. The ramp surface 370 also includes an outer ramp wall edge 373 that connects to at least the partial inset wall 364. In any event, the ramp surface 370 extends peripherally downwardly to a landing 374. The ramp surface 370 extends laterally between the peripheral ramp wall 376, which starts at the platform surface 362, and the partial inset wall 364. The ramp wall 376 may provide an outward flare 378 which intersects the inset ledge 366. Extending inwardly from the platform surface 362 at the opening 360 is a collar 379, which is positioned in proximity to the cup face 338, wherein the face vents 342 are aligned within a cylindrical extension of the collar 379. However, there is enough of a clearance between the cup face 338 and the collar 379 to allow cooling airflow to also pass therebetween. As best seen in FIG. 16, the cooling fan assembly 116 extends away from the motor cover, and in particular the cooling fan side 352 of the cover 114. The spacer 361, as previously discussed, is secured to an end of the shaft 112 wherein a fastener secures a cooling fan 384 to the shaft by a nut or other mechanism. The cooling fan includes a fan plate 390 which is secured by the nut to the rotatable shaft. Extending from the fan plate 390 are a plurality of curvilinear vanes 392 which on their opposite edge are connected to an entry plate 394 which has an axial opening 396 that faces and is axially aligned with the cover opening 360.
Referring now to FIGS. 2-3 and 16-18, it can be seen that the motor vent cover 118 is secured onto the fan-motor assembly and, in particular, over the motor cover 114 with the cooling fan assembly therebetween. The motor vent cover includes a top 400 from which extends a cylindrical side wall 402 that has a lower edge 404. A plurality of external lugs 406 may extend from a top edge of the side wall 402 for attachment to the motor cover 114. The side wall 402 also provides a cover ramp edge 412 which matches the inset ledge 366 when the motor vent cover and motor cover are assembled to one another. A plurality of vents 414 may be provided in the side wall 402 and are aligned with the ramp surface 370. Together the motor cover and the motor vent cover form a cover chamber 420. It will further be appreciated that when the motor vent cover is secured to the blower housing that connector ports 422 may be formed so as to allow connection to the circuit board connectors 320 to monitor performance thereof. It will also be appreciated that the DIP switches 322 will be enclosed so that the motor's performance is not inadvertently changed.
In some embodiments the motor vent cover 118 may provide for an insert frame 430. As with the blower housing, the vents in the side wall of the motor vent cover 118 may be replaced with a vent insert or a tube insert so as to allow for connection of an insertable vent or insertable tube so that the cooling airflow may connect to a tube that delivers the cooling airflow away from a dirty environment to an environment positioned away from the motor-fan assembly. As best seen in FIGS. 19-22, an insert frame 430 may be provided by the motor vent cover which includes a frame bottom edge 432 which provides for an insert step. A pair of opposed insert tracks 436 extend from each end of the edge 432 wherein the tracks each provide a track groove 440 therebetween. Together the bottom edge 432 and the tracks 436 provide for an insert opening 442. The insert frame 430 is then able to receive an outlet insert 450. In one embodiment the outlet insert is an outlet vent insert 450A and in another embodiment the outlet insert is an outlet tube insert 450B.
|
github_open_source_100_8_20053 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | /*
* This header is generated by classdump-dyld 1.5
* on Friday, April 30, 2021 at 11:36:48 AM Mountain Standard Time
* Operating System: Version 13.5.1 (Build 17F80)
* Image Source: /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/StoreKitUI.framework/StoreKitUI
* classdump-dyld is licensed under GPLv3, Copyright © 2013-2016 by Elias Limneos. Updated by Kevin Bradley.
*/
#import <libobjc.A.dylib/NSSecureCoding.h>
@protocol SKUIArtworkProviding;
@class NSArray, NSString, NSDictionary, NSURL, UIImage;
@interface SKUIRedeem : NSObject <NSSecureCoding> {
BOOL _hideItemView;
NSArray* _items;
NSArray* _downloads;
NSString* _inAppPurchase;
NSString* _credit;
NSString* _balance;
NSString* _creditDisplay;
NSDictionary* _thankYouDictionary;
NSURL* _redirectURL;
NSURL* _customizedThankyouURL;
UIImage* _headerImage;
id<SKUIArtworkProviding> _headerArtworkProvider;
NSString* _title;
NSString* _message;
NSArray* _links;
double _ITunesPassLearnMoreAlertInterval;
}
@property (nonatomic,retain) NSArray * items; //@synthesize items=_items - In the implementation block
@property (nonatomic,retain) NSArray * downloads; //@synthesize downloads=_downloads - In the implementation block
@property (nonatomic,retain) NSString * inAppPurchase; //@synthesize inAppPurchase=_inAppPurchase - In the implementation block
@property (nonatomic,copy) NSString * credit; //@synthesize credit=_credit - In the implementation block
@property (nonatomic,copy) NSString * balance; //@synthesize balance=_balance - In the implementation block
@property (nonatomic,copy) NSString * creditDisplay; //@synthesize creditDisplay=_creditDisplay - In the implementation block
@property (nonatomic,retain) NSDictionary * thankYouDictionary; //@synthesize thankYouDictionary=_thankYouDictionary - In the implementation block
@property (nonatomic,retain) NSURL * redirectURL; //@synthesize redirectURL=_redirectURL - In the implementation block
@property (nonatomic,retain) NSURL * customizedThankyouURL; //@synthesize customizedThankyouURL=_customizedThankyouURL - In the implementation block
@property (nonatomic,retain) UIImage * headerImage; //@synthesize headerImage=_headerImage - In the implementation block
@property (nonatomic,retain) id<SKUIArtworkProviding> headerArtworkProvider; //@synthesize headerArtworkProvider=_headerArtworkProvider - In the implementation block
@property (nonatomic,copy) NSString * title; //@synthesize title=_title - In the implementation block
@property (nonatomic,copy) NSString * message; //@synthesize message=_message - In the implementation block
@property (nonatomic,retain) NSArray * links; //@synthesize links=_links - In the implementation block
@property (assign,nonatomic) BOOL hideItemView; //@synthesize hideItemView=_hideItemView - In the implementation block
@property (assign,nonatomic) double ITunesPassLearnMoreAlertInterval; //@synthesize ITunesPassLearnMoreAlertInterval=_ITunesPassLearnMoreAlertInterval - In the implementation block
+(BOOL)supportsSecureCoding;
-(id)init;
-(void)encodeWithCoder:(id)arg1 ;
-(id)initWithCoder:(id)arg1 ;
-(NSString *)title;
-(void)setTitle:(NSString *)arg1 ;
-(NSString *)message;
-(void)setMessage:(NSString *)arg1 ;
-(NSString *)credit;
-(NSArray *)items;
-(void)setItems:(NSArray *)arg1 ;
-(NSString *)balance;
-(void)setBalance:(NSString *)arg1 ;
-(NSArray *)links;
-(NSArray *)downloads;
-(NSURL *)redirectURL;
-(void)setRedirectURL:(NSURL *)arg1 ;
-(UIImage *)headerImage;
-(void)setHeaderImage:(UIImage *)arg1 ;
-(void)setLinks:(NSArray *)arg1 ;
-(void)setITunesPassLearnMoreAlertInterval:(double)arg1 ;
-(void)setDownloads:(NSArray *)arg1 ;
-(NSString *)inAppPurchase;
-(void)setInAppPurchase:(NSString *)arg1 ;
-(void)setCredit:(NSString *)arg1 ;
-(NSString *)creditDisplay;
-(void)setCreditDisplay:(NSString *)arg1 ;
-(NSDictionary *)thankYouDictionary;
-(void)setThankYouDictionary:(NSDictionary *)arg1 ;
-(NSURL *)customizedThankyouURL;
-(void)setCustomizedThankyouURL:(NSURL *)arg1 ;
-(id<SKUIArtworkProviding>)headerArtworkProvider;
-(void)setHeaderArtworkProvider:(id<SKUIArtworkProviding>)arg1 ;
-(BOOL)hideItemView;
-(void)setHideItemView:(BOOL)arg1 ;
-(double)ITunesPassLearnMoreAlertInterval;
@end
|
5188819_1 | Wikipedia | CC-By-SA | Als Unterherrschaft der Grafschaft bzw. seit 1697 des Fürstentums des Hauses Schwarzburg-Sondershausen wurden – nach der Topografie benannt, in Abgrenzung zu der Schwarzburg-Sondershäuser Oberherrschaft – mehrere Gebietsteile in Nordthüringen bezeichnet. Diese gehörten einst zu den Besitzungen der Herren von Schwarzburg, die Graf Günther XL., der Reiche, zur maximalen Größe in der Grafschaft Schwarzburg vereinte. Unter seinen vier Söhnen wurden diese 1571 im Stadtilmer Vertrag und nochmals 1574 wieder geteilt.
Dabei entstanden die Grafschaften Schwarzburg-Sondershausen unter Johann Günther I., Schwarzburg-Frankenhausen unter Wilhelm I., Schwarzburg-Arnstadt unter Günther XLI. und Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt unter Albrecht VII.
Daten der Schwarzburg-Sondershäuser Unterherrschaft
Fläche: 519,14 km²
Wichtige Orte: Sondershausen mit dem Stammschloss Schloss Sondershausen, Greußen und Clingen, Ebeleben
Verwaltungsbezirke: Ebeleben und Sondershausen
Exklaven: u. a. Bothenheilingen (bis 1815), Bruchstedt (bis 1815), Großbodungen, Günthersleben, Haßleben (bis 1811), Sülzenbrücken, Ingersleben
Geographische Ausdehnung
Die Schwarzburg-Sondershäuser Unterherrschaft mit der Stadt Sondershausen als Zentrum lag im südöstlichen Harzvorland. Es umfasste das mittlere Tal der Wipper, die Windleite, die Hainleite und einen nördlichen Teil des Thüringer Beckens. Ein weiterer Fluss im Gebiet ist die Helbe.
Das Herrschaftsgebiet bildet heute den Westteil des Kyffhäuserkreises im Norden des Freistaats Thüringen.
Angrenzende Verwaltungseinheiten
Die Schwarzburg-Sondershäuser Unterherrschaft grenzte bis 1815 an folgende Gebiete:
Fürstentum Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (Unterherrschaft): Kerngebiet im Osten; Exklave Schlotheim im Südwesten; Exklave Straußberg/Immenrode im Nordwesten
Kurfürstentum Sachsen: Ämter Langensalza und Weißensee im Süden; deren Exklaven Zaunröden und Großfurra im Westen; Exklave Bendeleben im Osten
Gemeinsamer Besitz des Fürstentums Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt und der Grafschaft Stolberg-Roßla: Ämter Heringen und Kelbra im Norden
Herzogtum Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg: Amt Volkenroda (Exklave) im Südwesten
Erzbistum Mainz: Eichsfeld im Westen (1802 zu Preußen, 1807 zum Königreich Westphalen)
Reichsstadt Mühlhausen im Westen (1802 zu Preußen, 1807 zum Königreich Westphalen)
Königreich Preußen: Gebiet um Bleicherode im Nordwesten (1807 zum Königreich Westphalen)
Durch die Bestimmungen des Wiener Kongresses kamen 1815 die kursächsischen Exklaven Großfurra und Bendeleben zum Herrschaftsgebiet hinzu. Die anderen kursächsischen Gebiete, das Eichsfeld, die ehemalige Reichsstadt Mühlhausen und die Ämter Kelbra und Heringen kamen an Preußen, welches seitdem im Westen, Nordwesten und Süden an die Unterherrschaft grenzte.
Zugehörige Gebiete
Aus: Territorialverteilung um 1700, Entwurf Dr. H. Herz (auf der Grundlage der Gemeindegrenzenkarte von Thüringen), Thür. Historische Kommission, 1937
Das Staatsgebiet der Unterherrschaft von Schwarzburg-Sondershausen bestand aus dem Landesteil Sondershausen. Dazu kamen noch einige Exklaven. Der Schwarzburg-Sondershäuser Teil bildete den Westteil der Schwarzburger Unterherrschaft. Die Unterherrschaft von Schwarzburg-Sondershausen beinhaltete die Amtsgerichtsbezirke Sondershausen, Ebeleben und Greußen.
Ämter der Schwarzburg-Sondershäuser Unterherrschaft
Amt Ebeleben (mit Ebeleben, Holzsußra, Marksußra, Billeben, Exklave Bothenheilingen)
Amt Schernberg (mit Schernberg, Himmelsberg, Gundersleben, Rockstedt, Abtsbessingen)
Amt Keula (mit Keula, Holzthaleben, Großbrüchter, Kleinbrüchter, Urbach, Großmehlra, Toba, Wiedermuth, Rockensußra)
Amt Clingen (mit Greußen, Westgreußen, Wasserthaleben, Clingen, Großenehrich, Wenigenehrich, Wolferschwenda, Rohnstedt, Otterstedt, Niederspier, Westerengel, Kirchengel, Feldengel, Holzengel, Trebra, Niederbösa)
Amt Sondershausen (mit Sondershausen, wo sich auch die Residenz Schloss Sondershausen des Hauses Schwarzburg-Sondershausen befindet, Stockhausen, Badra, Jecha, Bebra, Hachelbich, Bebra, Jechaburg, Oberspier, Hohenebra, Thalebra, Bellstedt, Thüringenhausen, Bliederstedt, Bruchstedt)
Amt Großbodungen (mit Großbodungen, Epschenrode, Wallrode, Kraja, Haynrode, Hauröden)
Allerburgische Gerichtsorte (mit Silkerode, Zwinge, Bockelnhagen, Neuhof)
Territoriale Veränderungen
1593 wurde die Burg Allerburg nördlich des Obereichsfelds nach Aussterben der Teilbesitzer von den Grafen von Schwarzburg ganz übernommen und kam 1612 durch Besetzung an die Herzöge von Braunschweig, deren Besitz 1694 gerichtlich bestätigt wurde. Durch den Wiener Kongress ging die Burg und seine vier zugehörigen Orte 1816 an Preußen.
1811 erhielt das Herzogtum Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach den Ort Haßleben, der damit seine Existenz als Exklave des Fürstentums Schwarzburg-Sondershausen beendete. Er wurde dem Amt Großrudestedt angegliedert. Aufgrund des Beschlusses des Wiener Kongresses wurden 1816 die Exklaven Großfurra und Bendeleben des sächsischen Amts Weißensee der Unterherrschaft des Fürstentums Schwarzburg-Sondershausen angegliedert. Die schwarzburgischen Exklaven Bothenheilingen und Bruchstedt gelangten im Gegenzug 1816 an den Landkreis Langensalza im Regierungsbezirk Erfurt der preußischen Provinz Sachsen. Weitere Orte, wie Großbodungen gelangten ebenfalls an Preußen.
Bei einer Neugliederung des Staatsgebietes im Jahre 1850 wurden in der Unterherrschaft die drei Verwaltungsbezirke Sondershausen, Ebeleben und Greußen gebildet. Der Verwaltungsbezirk Greußen wurde 1858 wieder aufgelöst und auf die Bezirke Sondershausen und Ebeleben aufgeteilt. Von 1882 bis 1897 war der Verwaltungsbezirk Ebeleben vorübergehend aufgehoben und während dieser Zeit bildete die gesamte Unterherrschaft den Verwaltungsbezirk Sondershausen. Im Jahre 1910 umfasste der Verwaltungsbezirk Sondershausen 266 km² und hatte 26.868 Einwohner. 1912 wurde die Stadt Sondershausen kreisfrei und aus dem restlichen Gebiet der Unterherrschaft wurde der neue Kreis Sondershausen gebildet.
Orte der Unterherrschaft Schwarzburg-Sondershausen im Jahr 1900
Verwaltungsbezirk Sondershausen
Zum Verwaltungsbezirk Sondershausen gehörten noch die unbewohnten gemeindefreien Waldbezirke Bebra, Hachelbich, Jecha, Oberspier und Stockhausen.
Verwaltungsbezirk Ebeleben
Zum Verwaltungsbezirk Ebeleben gehörte noch der unbewohnte gemeindefreie Waldbezirk Ebeleben.
Siehe auch
Schwarzburg-Sondershäuser Oberherrschaft
Schwarzburg-Rudolstädter Oberherrschaft
Schwarzburg-Rudolstädter Unterherrschaft
Schwarzburger Unterherrschaft
Schwarzburger Oberherrschaft
Weblinks
Gemeindeverzeichnis 1900
Literatur
Karlheinz Blaschke, Uwe Ulrich Jäschke: Kursächsischer Ämteratlas, Leipzig 2009, ISBN 978-3-937386-14-0; Seiten 90f. (Amt Ebeleben)
Historisches Territorium (Thüringen)
!Schwarzburg-Sondershauser Unterherrschaft
Geschichte (Kyffhäuserkreis)
Sondershausen
Reichsgrafschaft.
|
104195_1 | Wikipedia | CC-By-SA | Die Kia Cerato (ook bekend as die Kia Spectra in die VSA) is 'n kompakte motor wat sedert 2003 deur die Suid-Koreaanse vervaardiger Kia Motors gebou word. In 2008 is die Cerato vervang deur die Kia Forte, maar die "Cerato" naam het bly voortbestaan in sekere markte.
Verwysings
Cerato.
|
github_open_source_100_8_20054 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | #![warn(dead_code)]
struct Bar {
#[allow(dead_code)]
a: usize,
#[forbid(dead_code)]
b: usize, //~ ERROR field `b` is never read
#[deny(dead_code)]
c: usize, //~ ERROR fields `c` and `e` are never read
d: usize, //~ WARN fields `d`, `f` and `g` are never read
#[deny(dead_code)]
e: usize,
f: usize,
g: usize,
_h: usize,
}
fn main() {
Bar {
a: 1,
b: 1,
c: 1,
d: 1,
e: 1,
f: 1,
g: 1,
_h: 1,
};
}
|
github_open_source_100_8_20055 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | package ui;
class Hud extends dn.Process {
public var game(get,never) : Game; inline function get_game() return Game.ME;
public var fx(get,never) : Fx; inline function get_fx() return Game.ME.fx;
public var level(get,never) : Level; inline function get_level() return Game.ME.level;
var flow : h2d.Flow;
// var ammo : h2d.Flow;
// var life : h2d.Flow;
var invalidated = true;
public function new() {
super(Game.ME);
createRootInLayers(game.root, Const.DP_UI);
root.filter = new h2d.filter.ColorMatrix(); // force pixel perfect rendering
flow = new h2d.Flow(root);
flow.horizontalSpacing = 16;
// life = new h2d.Flow(flow);
// ammo = new h2d.Flow(flow);
}
override function onResize() {
super.onResize();
root.setScale(Const.UI_SCALE);
flow.x = w()*0.5/root.scaleX - flow.outerWidth*0.5;
flow.y = h()/root.scaleY - flow.outerHeight-8;
}
public inline function invalidate() invalidated = true;
function render() {
var hero = game.hero;
// life.removeChildren();
// for(i in 0...hero.maxLife)
// Assets.tiles.h_get(i+1<=hero.life ? "iconLifeOn" : "iconLifeOff", life);
// ammo.removeChildren();
// for(i in 0...hero.maxAmmo)
// Assets.tiles.h_get(i+1<=hero.ammo ? "iconAmmoOn" : "iconAmmoOff", ammo);
onResize();
}
override function postUpdate() {
super.postUpdate();
if( invalidated ) {
invalidated = false;
render();
}
}
}
|
http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/a2fb2aa6-c85d-4223-9880-403cc5c1daa2_21346 | Eurovoc | CC-By | Se não for possível tomar uma decisão no prazo de 120 dias, a autoridade reguladora notifica sem demora o requerente e envida esforços para tomar posteriormente a decisão num prazo razoável. Artigo 7. 23Regulamentação interna1. Sempre que seja necessária uma autorização para a prestação de um serviço ou para o estabelecimento objecto de um compromisso específico, as autoridades competentes de uma Parte informam o requerente, num prazo razoável a contar da apresentação de um pedido considerado ultimado nos termos da legislação e regulamentação internas, da decisão tomada sobre o pedido. A pedido do requerente, as autoridades competentes da Parte prestam, sem atrasos injustificados, informações relativas à situação do pedido. 2. As Partes devem manter ou instituir tribunais ou procedimentos judiciais, arbitrais ou administrativos que permitam, a pedido de um investidor ou prestador de serviços afectado, a imediata revisão ou, por razões justificadas, a adopção de medidas correctivas adequadas em relação a decisões administrativas que afectem o estabelecimento, a prestação transfronteiras de serviços ou a presença temporária de pessoas singulares por motivos de negócios. Sempre que esses procedimentos não sejam independentes do organismo responsável pela decisão administrativa em causa, as Partes velam por que permitam efectivamente uma revisão objectiva e imparcial. 3. A fim de assegurar que as medidas relativas aos requisitos e processos em matéria de qualificações, as normas técnicas e os requisitos em matéria de concessão de licenças não constituam obstáculos desnecessários ao comércio de serviços, reconhecendo ao mesmo tempo o direito de regulamentar a prestação de serviços e de introduzir nova regulamentação na matéria para realizarem objectivos políticos legítimos, as Partes velam, em função das características de cada sector, por que essas medidas:a)Sejam baseadas em critérios objectivos e transparentes, tais como a competência e a capacidade para prestar o serviço; eb)Não constituam por si próprias uma restrição à prestação do serviço, no caso de processos de concessão de licenças. 4. Se for caso disso, o presente artigo é alterado após consultas entre as Partes, a fim de incorporar no presente Acordo os resultados das negociações ao abrigo do n. o 4 do artigo VI do GATS ou os resultados de negociações similares realizadas noutros fora multilaterais em que ambas as Partes participem, logo que produzam efeitos. Artigo 7. 24GovernaçãoNa medida do possível, as Partes envidam todos os esforços para aplicarem e executarem no seu território as normas internacionalmente reconhecidas em matéria de regulamentação e de supervisão no sector dos serviços financeiros, bem como em matéria de luta contra a evasão fiscal. São elas, nomeadamente, os Princípios fundamentais para um controlo bancário eficaz do Comité de Basileia de Supervisão Bancária, os Princípios fundamentais e metodologia em matéria de seguros da Associação Internacional de Supervisores de Seguros, aprovados em Singapura, em 3 de Outubro de 2003, os Objectivos e princípios da regulação de valores da Organização Internacional das Comissões de Valores, o Acordo sobre a troca de informações em matéria fiscal da Organização de Cooperação e de Desenvolvimento Económicos (a seguir designada OCDE), a Declaração em matéria de transparência e de intercâmbio de informações para fins fiscais do G20 e as Quarenta recomendações sobre o branqueamento de capitais e as Nove recomendações especiais sobre o financiamento do Terrorismo, ambas do Grupo de Acção Financeira Internacional. Subsecção BServiços informáticosArtigo 7. 25Serviços informáticos1. Ao procederem à liberalização do comércio de serviços informáticos, nos termos das secções B a D, as Partes subscrevem o memorando definido nos números seguintes. 2. CPCPor CPC entende-se a Classificação Central de Produtos, tal como estabelecida no Serviço de Estatística das Nações Unidas, no Serviço de Estatística das Nações Unidas, Estudos Estatísticos, Série M, n. o 77, CPC prov, 1991. 84 é o código das Nações Unidas utilizado para descrever os serviços informáticos e serviços conexos e abrange as funções básicas da prestação de todos os serviços informáticos e serviços conexos, incluindo programas informáticos definidos como sendo conjuntos de instruções necessárias para fazer funcionar computadores e estabelecer comunicações (incluindo o respectivo desenvolvimento e aplicação), processamento e armazenagem de dados e serviços conexos, como consultoria e formação para o pessoal dos clientes. Os desenvolvimentos tecnológicos deram origem à oferta crescente destes serviços como um pacote de serviços conexos que pode incluir algumas ou a totalidade destas funções básicas. Por exemplo, serviços como alojamento Web ou alojamento de domínios, pesquisa de dados e redes de computação, que consistem na combinação de funções de base dos serviços informáticos. 3. Os serviços informáticos e os serviços conexos, independentemente do facto de serem ou não prestados através de uma rede, incluindo a Internet, incluem o seguinte:a)Consultoria, estratégia, análise, planificação, especificação, desenhos ou modelos, desenvolvimento, instalação, implementação, integração, ensaio, localização e eliminação dos erros, actualização, apoio, assistência técnica ou gestão de e para computadores ou sistemas informáticos;b)Programas informáticos mais consultoria, estratégia, análise, planificação, especificação, desenhos ou modelos, desenvolvimento, instalação, implementação, integração, ensaio, localização e eliminação dos erros, actualização, apoio, assistência técnica ou gestão ou utilização de e para programas informáticos;c)Serviços de processamento e armazenagem de dados, de acolhimento de dados ou de bases de dados;d)Serviços de manutenção e reparação de máquinas e equipamento de escritório, incluindo computadores; oue)Serviços de formação para o pessoal dos clientes, relacionados com programas informáticos, computadores ou sistemas informáticos, não classificados noutras categorias. 4. Os serviços de informática e os serviços conexos permitem a prestação de outros serviços, por exemplo, bancários, tanto por meios electrónicos como por outros meios. As Partes reconhecem, contudo, que há uma distinção importante entre os serviços de base, por exemplo, alojamento Web ou alojamento de aplicações, e os serviços de conteúdo ou serviços fundamentais prestados electronicamente, por exemplo, serviços bancários, e que nestes casos os serviços de conteúdos ou serviços fundamentais não são abrangidos pela CPC 84. Subsecção CPostal and courier servicesArtigo 7. 26Princípios regulamentaresO mais tardar três anos após a entrada em vigor do presente Acordo, e tendo em vista assegurar a concorrência no sector dos serviços postais e de correio rápido não reservados a um monopólio em cada Parte, o Comité de Comércio enuncia os princípios do quadro normativo aplicável a estes serviços. Esses princípios incidem sobre questões como as práticas anticoncorrenciais, o serviço universal, as licenças individuais e a natureza das autoridades reguladorasPara maior clareza, nenhuma disposição do presente artigo pode ser interpretada no sentido de pretender alterar, aquando da entrada em vigor do presente Acordo, o quadro normativo ou a actual autoridade reguladora na Coreia que regula os prestadores de serviços privados de correio. Subsecção DServiços de telecomunicaçõesArtigo 7. 27Âmbito de aplicação e definições1. A presente subsecção enuncia os princípios do quadro normativo para os serviços básicos de telecomunicaçõesAbrangem os serviços constantes das alíneas a) a g) da rubrica C. Serviços de Telecomunicações do ponto 2. Serviços de Comunicação do documento MTN/GNS/W/120. , com excepção da radiodifusão, liberalizados em conformidade com as secções B a D do presente capítulo:2. Para efeitos da presente subsecção, entende-se por:a)Serviços de telecomunicações, todos os serviços que consistem na transmissão e recepção de sinais electromagnéticos e não abrangem as actividades económicas que consistem na transmissão de conteúdos cujo transporte implique serviços de telecomunicações;b)Serviço público de transporte de telecomunicações, qualquer serviço de transporte de telecomunicações que uma Parte exija, expressamente ou de facto, que seja posto à disposição do público em geral;c)Rede pública de transporte de telecomunicações, a infra-estrutura pública de telecomunicações que permite as telecomunicações entre pontos terminais definidos da rede;d)Autoridade reguladora do sector das telecomunicações, uma entidade ou entidades que regulam as telecomunicações referidas na presente subsecção;e)Infra-estruturas essenciais, as infra-estruturas de uma rede e de um serviço de transporte de telecomunicações públicos que:i)sejam exclusiva ou predominantemente fornecidas por um único prestador ou por um número limitado de prestadores, eii)não possam, de modo exequível, ser substituídas, do ponto de vista económico ou técnico, para a prestação de um serviço;f)Prestador principal no sector das telecomunicações, o prestador que tem capacidade de influenciar materialmente os termos da participação (relativamente ao preço e à prestação) no mercado relevante de serviços de telecomunicações de base, resultante do controlo que exerce sobre as infra-estruturas essenciais ou da utilização da sua posição no mercado;g)Interligação, a ligação com os prestadores de redes ou serviços de transporte de telecomunicações públicos, por forma a que os utilizadores de um prestador possam comunicar com os utilizadores de outro prestador e aceder aos serviços prestados por outro prestador, nos casos em que sejam assumidos compromissos específicos;h)Serviço universal, o conjunto de serviços postos à disposição de todos os utilizadores no território de uma Parte, independentemente da localização geográfica e a preços acessíveisO âmbito de aplicação e a execução do serviço universal é da competência de cada Parte. ;i)Utilizador final, o consumidor final ou o assinante de um serviço público de transporte de telecomunicações, incluindo prestadores de serviços, excepto prestadores de um serviço público de transporte de telecomunicações;j)Não discriminatório, o tratamento não menos favorável do que o concedido a qualquer outro utilizador de redes ou serviços públicos de transporte de telecomunicações similares em circunstâncias semelhantes; ek)Portabilidade dos números, a possibilidade de os utilizadores finais dos serviços públicos de transporte de telecomunicações conservarem, no mesmo local, os seus números na rede telefónica, sem deterioração de qualidade, de fiabilidade ou de conveniência, em caso de passagem de um fornecedor de um serviço público de transporte de telecomunicações para outro da mesma categoria. Artigo 7. 28Autoridade reguladora1. As autoridades reguladoras dos serviços de telecomunicações devem ser juridicamente distintas e funcionalmente independentes de quaisquer prestadores de serviços de telecomunicações. 2. A autoridade reguladora deve ser suficientemente competente para regular o sector dos serviços de telecomunicações. As funções que incumbem às autoridades reguladoras nacionais devem ser tornadas públicas, de modo facilmente acessível e claro, designadamente quando tais funções forem confiadas a várias entidades. 3. As decisões e os procedimentos adoptados pelas autoridades reguladoras devem ser imparciais relativamente a todos os participantes no mercado. Artigo 7. 29Autorização para prestar serviços de telecomunicações1. A prestação de serviços deve, tanto quanto possível, ser autorizada mediante um procedimento de autorização simplificado. 2. Pode ser necessária uma licença para questões como a atribuição de números e frequências e direitos de acesso. Os termos e as condições de tais licenças devem ser colocados à disposição do público. 3. Nos casos em que é necessária uma licença:a)Todos os critérios de licenciamento e um período razoável de tempo normalmente necessários para tomar uma decisão relativa a um pedido de licenças devem ser colocados à disposição do público;b)Os motivos da recusa da concessão de uma licença são dados a conhecer por escrito ao requerente, a pedido deste; ec)As taxas de licençaAs taxas de licença não incluem pagamentos para leilões, concursos ou outros meios não discriminatórios de atribuição de concessões, nem as contribuições obrigatórias para a prestação do serviço universal. exigidas por qualquer das Partes não podem exceder os custos administrativos normalmente incorridos com a gestão, o controlo e aplicação das licençasA presente alínea produz efeitos, o mais tardar, cinco anos após a data de entrada em vigor do presente Acordo. Cada Parte assegura que as taxas de licença são impostas e aplicadas de forma não discriminatória aquando da entrada em vigor do presente Acordo. Artigo 7. 30Salvaguardas em matéria de concorrência em relação aos principais prestadoresDevem ser mantidas medidas adequadas a fim de impedir que os prestadores que, individual ou colectivamente, sejam prestadores principais adoptem ou prossigam práticas anticoncorrenciais. As práticas anticoncorrenciais acima referidas incluem, nomeadamente:a)Proceder a subvenções cruzadas anticoncorrenciaisOu compressão das margens no caso da Parte UE. ;b)Utilizar informações obtidas dos concorrentes para fins anticoncorrenciais; ec)Não disponibilizar atempadamente a outros prestadores de serviços informações técnicas sobre infra-estruturas essenciais ou informações comercialmente relevantes que lhes sejam necessárias para a prestação de serviços. Artigo 7. 31Interligação1. As Partes velam por que os prestadores de redes ou serviços de transporte de telecomunicações públicos no seu território concedam, directa ou indirectamente nesse território, aos prestadores de redes ou serviços de transporte de telecomunicações públicos da outra Parte a possibilidade de negociarem interligações. A interligação deve, em princípio, ser acordada com base em negociações comerciais entre as empresas em causa. 2. As autoridades reguladoras asseguram que os prestadores que adquirem informações de outra empresa durante o processo de negociação de formas de interligação usam essas informações exclusivamente para os fins com que foram fornecidas e respeitam sempre a confidencialidade das informações transmitidas ou armazenadas. 3. A interligação com um prestador principal deve ser assegurada em qualquer ponto da rede em que seja tecnicamente viável. Essa interligação deve ser oferecida:a)Em termos, condições (incluindo normas e especificações técnicas) e tarifas não discriminatórios, com uma qualidade não menos favorável que a prevista para os seus próprios serviços similares ou para serviços similares de prestadores de serviços não associados ou para os serviços similares das suas empresas filiais ou outras empresas associadas;b)De modo atempado, em termos, condições (incluindo normas e especificações técnicas) e tarifas orientadas para os custos, que sejam transparentes e razoáveis, tendo em vista a viabilidade económica, bem como suficientemente discriminadas, de modo a que o prestador não tenha de pagar componentes ou recursos da rede de que não necessite para o serviço a prestar; ec)Mediante pedido, em pontos para além dos pontos terminais da rede oferecidos à maioria dos utilizadores, sujeitos a encargos que reflictam o custo de construção das infra-estruturas adicionais necessárias. 4. Os procedimentos aplicáveis à interligação com um prestador principal devem ser colocados à disposição do público. 5. Os principais prestadores colocam à disposição do público os seus acordos de interligação ou as propostas de interligação de referênciaCada Parte executará esta obrigação de acordo com a respectiva legislação aplicável. Artigo 7. 32Portabilidade dos númerosAs Partes velam por que os prestadores de serviços de transporte de telecomunicações públicos no seu território, excepto os prestadores de serviços de comunicação vocal através do Protocolo Internet, facultem a portabilidade dos números, na medida do possível, e em termos e condições razoáveis. Artigo 7. 33Atribuição e utilização de recursos limitados1. Os procedimentos para a atribuição e a utilização de recursos limitados, incluindo as frequências, os números e os direitos de passagem, devem ser cumpridos de forma objectiva, oportuna, transparente e não discriminatória. 2. As informações sobre a situação actual das bandas de frequências atribuídas são colocadas à disposição do público, não sendo, contudo, exigida a identificação detalhada das frequências atribuídas para utilizações públicas específicas. Artigo 7. 34Serviço universal1. Qualquer das Partes tem o direito de definir o tipo de obrigação de serviço universal que pretende assegurar. 2. Essas obrigações não serão consideradas, em si, anticoncorrenciais, desde que sejam administradas de modo transparente, objectivo e não discriminatório. A administração das obrigações deve igualmente ser neutra do ponto de vista da concorrência e não mais onerosa do que o necessário para o tipo de serviço universal definido por cada Parte. Artigo 7. 35Confidencialidade da informaçãoAs Partes garantem a confidencialidade das telecomunicações e dos respectivos dados de tráfego através de redes de telecomunicações públicas e de serviços de telecomunicações publicamente disponíveis, sem restringir o comércio de serviços. Artigo 7. 36Resolução de litígios em matéria de telecomunicaçõesMeios de recurso1. Cada Parte garante que:a)Os prestadores de serviços possam recorrer a uma autoridade reguladora ou a outra instância competente da Parte para resolver litígios entre prestadores de serviços ou entre prestadores de serviços e utilizadores relacionados com matérias enunciadas na presente subsecção; eb)Caso ocorra um litígio entre prestadores de redes ou serviços de telecomunicações públicos no âmbito de direitos e obrigações decorrentes da presente subsecção, a autoridade reguladora nacional deve, a pedido de qualquer das partes envolvidas no litígio, tomar uma decisão vinculativa para resolver o referido litígio com a maior celeridade e dentro de um prazo razoável. Recurso e controlo jurisdicional2. Qualquer prestador de serviços cujos interesses protegidos por lei sejam lesados por uma resolução ou decisão de uma autoridade reguladora:a)Tem o direito de interpor recurso das resoluções ou decisões tomadas junto de um órgão de recursoNos litígios entre prestadores de serviços ou entre prestadores de serviços e utilizadores, o órgão de recurso deve ser independente das partes em litígio. Se esse órgão de recurso não tiver carácter judicial, deve fundamentar sempre por escrito as suas resoluções ou decisões, das quais cabe recurso para uma autoridade judicial imparcial e independente. As resoluções ou decisões dos órgãos de recurso devem ser efectivamente aplicadas; eb)Tem o direito de obter a revisão das resoluções ou decisões por uma autoridade judicial imparcial e independente da Parte. Nenhuma Parte pode permitir que um pedido de controlo jurisdicional constitua um fundamento para o incumprimento da resolução ou decisão da autoridade reguladora, a menos que o órgão judicial referido suspenda a resolução ou decisão em causa. Subsecção EServiços financeirosArtigo 7. 37Âmbito de aplicação e definições1. A presente secção enuncia os princípios do quadro normativo para todos os serviços financeiros liberalizados nos termos das secções B a D. 2. Para efeitos da presente subsecção, entende-se por:Serviços financeiros, qualquer serviço de natureza financeira oferecido por um prestador de serviços financeiros de uma das Partes. Os serviços financeiros incluem as seguintes actividades:a)Serviços de seguros e serviços conexos:i)seguro directo (incluindo o co-seguro):A)vida,B)não vida;ii)resseguro e retrocessão,iii)intermediação de seguros, incluindo os corretores e agentes, eiv)serviços auxiliares de seguros, como consultoria, cálculo actuarial, avaliação de risco e regularização de sinistros; eb)Serviços bancários e outros serviços financeiros (excluindo os seguros):i)aceitação de depósitos e outros fundos reembolsáveis da parte do público,ii)concessão de empréstimos de qualquer tipo, incluindo o crédito ao consumo, o crédito hipotecário, a gestão e cobrança de dívidas, e o financiamento de transacções comerciais,iii)locação financeira,iv)todos os serviços de pagamentos e de transferências monetárias, incluindo os cartões de crédito, os cartões privativos e os cartões de débito, os cheques de viagem e os cheques bancários,v)garantias e compromissos,vi)transacção por conta própria ou por conta de clientes, quer seja numa bolsa, num mercado de balcão ou por qualquer outra forma, de:A)instrumentos do mercado monetário (incluindo cheques, títulos a curto prazo, certificados de depósito),B)mercado de câmbios,C)produtos derivados, incluindo futuros e opções, entre outros produtos,D)instrumentos de taxa de câmbio e de taxa de juro, incluindo produtos como os swaps e os acordos a prazo de taxa de câmbio e de juro,E)valores mobiliários transaccionáveis, eF)outros instrumentos e activos financeiros transaccionáveis, incluindo metais preciosos,vii)participação em emissões de todo o tipo de valores mobiliários, incluindo a tomada firme e a colocação no mercado sem tomada firme (abertas ao público em geral ou privadas) e a prestação de serviços relacionados com essas emissões,viii)corretagem monetária,ix)gestão de activos, incluindo a gestão de tesouraria ou de carteira, todas as formas de gestão de investimentos colectivos, gestão de fundos de pensões, serviços de guarda, de depositário e fiduciários,x)serviços de liquidação e compensação referentes a activos financeiros, incluindo valores mobiliários, produtos derivados e outros instrumentos transaccionáveis,xi)prestação e transferência de informações financeiras, processamento de dados financeiros e software conexo, exii)serviços de consultoria, de intermediação e outros serviços financeiros auxiliares referentes a todas as actividades enumeradas nas subalíneas i) a xi), incluindo referências bancárias e análise de crédito, estudos e consultoria em matéria de investimentos e carteira, consultoria em matéria de aquisições e de reestruturação e estratégia de empresas;Prestador de serviços financeiros, qualquer pessoa singular ou colectiva de uma Parte que pretenda prestar ou preste efectivamente serviços financeiros, com excepção das entidades públicas;Entidade pública:a)Uma administração pública, um banco central ou uma autoridade monetária de uma das Partes, ou uma entidade que seja propriedade ou seja controlada por uma das Partes, cuja actividade principal consista no exercício de funções públicas ou de actividades com finalidade pública, não incluindo uma entidade cuja actividade principal consista na prestação de serviços financeiros numa perspectiva comercial; oub)Uma entidade privada que exerça funções normalmente desempenhadas por um banco central ou uma autoridade monetária, quando no exercício dessas funções;Novo serviço financeiro, um serviço de natureza financeira, incluindo os serviços relacionados com produtos novos ou existentes ou o modo como um produto é fornecido, que não seja prestado por qualquer prestador de serviços financeiros no território de uma das Partes mas que seja prestado no território da outra Parte. Artigo 7. 38Medidas prudenciaisPara efeitos do presente Acordo, entende-se por medida prudencial qualquer medida aplicada a prestadores de serviços financeiros estabelecidos no território de uma das Partes que não são regulados ou fiscalizados pela autoridade de supervisão financeira dessa Parte. Para maior clareza, quaisquer medidas desta natureza são adoptadas em conformidade com o presente artigo. 1. As Partes podem tomar ou manter medidas prudenciaisEntende-se que o termo medidas prudenciais pode abranger a manutenção da segurança, da solidez, da integridade ou da responsabilidade financeira de cada prestador de serviços financeiros. , como:a)A protecção dos investidores, dos depositantes, dos titulares de apólices ou das pessoas credoras de uma obrigação fiduciária a cargo de um prestador de serviços financeiros; eb)A salvaguarda da integridade e da estabilidade do sistema financeiro de qualquer das Partes. 2. Estas medidas não podem ser mais onerosas do que o estritamente necessário para a realização do seu objectivo e, caso não sejam conformes com o disposto no presente Acordo, não podem ser utilizadas como meio de iludir os compromissos ou obrigações das Partes ao abrigo do disposto no presente Acordo. 3. Nenhuma disposição do presente Acordo pode ser interpretada no sentido de exigir que uma das Partes divulgue informações relativas a actividades empresariais ou a contas de clientes, nem quaisquer informações confidenciais ou protegidas na posse de entidades públicas. 4. Sem prejuízo de outros meios de regulação prudencial da prestação transfronteiras de serviços financeiros, as Partes podem exigir o registo dos prestadores de serviços financeiros transfronteiras da outra Parte, bem como dos instrumentos financeiros. Artigo 7. 39TransparênciaAs Partes reconhecem que a transparência da regulamentação e das políticas que regem as actividades dos prestadores de serviços financeiros é importante para facilitar o acesso dos prestadores estrangeiros de tais serviços aos mercados de cada Parte, bem como o exercício da sua actividade nestes mercados. As Partes comprometem-se a promover a transparência da regulamentação em matéria de serviços financeiros. Artigo 7. 40Organismos autoreguladoresQuando uma Parte exige aos prestadores de serviços financeiros da outra Parte a filiação, a participação ou o acesso a um organismo autoregulador, a uma bolsa ou mercado de valores mobiliários ou de operações de futuros, a uma agência de compensação ou a qualquer outra organização ou associação, para que possam prestar os serviços financeiros numa base de igualdade com os prestadores de serviços financeiros da Parte ou quando a Parte concede, directa ou indirectamente, a tais entidades, privilégios ou vantagens para a prestação de serviços financeiros, a referida Parte vela por que esse organismo autoregulador respeite as obrigações dos artigos 7. 6, 7. 8, 7. 12 e 7. 14. Artigo 7. 41Sistemas de pagamento e de compensaçãoNos termos e condições de concessão do tratamento nacional, cada Parte concede aos fornecedores de serviços financeiros da outra Parte estabelecidos no seu território o acesso aos sistemas de pagamento e de compensação administrados por entidades públicas e aos meios de financiamento e de refinanciamento disponíveis no decurso de operações comerciais normais. O presente artigo não tem por objectivo conferir o acesso a funções de prestamista de última instância na Parte. Artigo 7. 42Novos serviços financeirosAs Partes autorizam os prestadores de serviços financeiros da outra Parte estabelecidos no seu território a prestarem qualquer novo serviço financeiro de tipo similar aos serviços que, em circunstâncias comparáveis, autorizem aos seus próprios prestadores de serviços financeiros em conformidade com o respectivo direito interno, desde que a introdução desses novos serviços financeiros não requeira a adopção de nova legislação ou a alteração de legislação em vigor. As Partes podem determinar a forma institucional e jurídica através da qual o serviço pode ser prestado e exigir uma autorização para a sua prestação. Sempre que seja exigida tal autorização, a respectiva decisão deve ser tomada num prazo razoável, só podendo ser recusada por razões de natureza prudencial. Artigo 7. 43Tratamento dos dadosO mais tardar dois anos após a data de entrada em vigor do presente Acordo, e, em qualquer caso, o mais tardar na data em que os compromissos análogos decorrentes de outros acordos de integração económica produzam efeitos:a)As Partes permitem que os prestadores de serviços financeiros da outra Parte estabelecidos no seu território transfiram informações em suporte electrónico ou por outra forma, para e do respectivo território, a fim de proceder ao tratamento desses dados, sempre que o mesmo seja necessário no decurso das operações comerciais normais desses prestadores de serviços financeiros; eb)As Partes reiteram o seu compromissoPara maior clareza, este compromisso faz referência aos direitos e liberdades enunciados na Declaração Universal dos Direitos do Homem, às Directrizes para a regulamentação dos ficheiros informatizados de dados pessoais (adoptadas pela Assembleia Geral das Nações Unidas na sua Resolução 45/95 de 14 de Dezembro de 1990) e às Linhas de orientação da OCDE sobre a protecção da privacidade e os fluxos transfronteiras de dados pessoais (adoptadas pelo Conselho da OCDE em 23 de Setembro de 1980). de proteger os direitos fundamentais e a liberdade das pessoas e tomam as medidas de salvaguarda adequadas tendo em vista a protecção da privacidade, sobretudo no que respeita à transferência de dados pessoais. Artigo 7. 44Excepções específicas1. Nenhuma disposição do presente capítulo pode ser interpretada no sentido de impedir uma Parte, incluindo as suas entidades públicas, de desenvolverem ou prestarem de forma exclusiva no seu território actividades ou serviços que se insiram num plano de reforma público ou num regime legal de segurança social, excepto quando tais actividades possam, em conformidade com as disposições das regulamentações nacionais, ser desenvolvidas por prestadores de serviços financeiros em concorrência com entidades públicas ou instituições privadas. 2. Nenhuma disposição do presente Acordo é aplicável às actividades desenvolvidas por um banco central ou por uma autoridade monetária ou por qualquer outra entidade pública na prossecução de políticas monetárias ou cambiais. 3. Nenhuma disposição do presente capítulo pode ser interpretada no sentido de impedir uma Parte, incluindo as suas entidades públicas, de desenvolverem ou prestarem de forma exclusiva no seu território actividades ou serviços por conta, com a garantia ou utilizando os recursos financeiros da Parte, excepto quando tais actividades possam, em conformidade com as disposições das regulamentações nacionais, ser desenvolvidas por prestadores de serviços financeiros em concorrência com entidades públicas ou instituições privadas. Artigo 7. 45Resolução de litígios1. Salvo disposição em contrário no presente artigo, o capítulo catorze (Resolução de litígios) é aplicável à resolução de litígios em matéria de serviços financeiros que estejam relacionados com o presente capítulo. 2. O mais tardar seis meses após a data de entrada em vigor do presente Acordo, o Comité de Comércio elabora uma lista de 15 pessoas. Cada Parte propõe cinco pessoas e as Partes acordam igualmente na escolha de cinco pessoas que não sejam nacionais de uma ou de outra Parte para exercerem a função de presidente do painel de arbitragem. Essas pessoas devem possuir experiência ou conhecimentos especializados no domínio do direito ou das práticas no sector dos serviços financeiros, incluindo a regulamentação aplicável aos prestadores de serviços financeiros e respeitar o disposto no anexo 14-C (código de conduta dos membros dos painéis de arbitragem e dos mediadores). 3. Se os membros do painel de arbitragem forem seleccionados por sorteio nos termos do n. o 3 do artigo 14. 5 (Constituição do painel de arbitragem), do n. o 3 do artigo 14. 9 (Prazo razoável para o cumprimento), do n. o 3 do artigo 14. 10 (Análise das medidas adoptadas para dar cumprimento à decisão do painel de arbitragem), do n. o 4 do artigo 14. 11 (Medidas correctivas temporárias em caso de não cumprimento), do n. o 3 do artigo 14. 12 (Revisão das medidas tomadas para assegurar o cumprimento após a suspensão das obrigações), e dos artigos 6. 1, 6. 3 e 6. 4 (Substituição) do anexo 14-B (Regulamento processual da arbitragem), a selecção é feita com base na lista estabelecida de acordo com o n. o 2. 4. Não obstante o artigo 14. 11, se um painel considerar que uma medida não é conforme com as disposições do presente Acordo e a medida contestada disser respeito ao sector dos serviços financeiros ou a qualquer outro sector, a Parte requerente pode suspender a concessão de benefícios no sector dos serviços financeiros que tenham um efeito equivalente ao da medida no seu sector dos serviços financeiros. Se essa medida afectar apenas um sector que não seja o sector dos serviços financeiros, a Parte requerente não pode suspender a concessão de benefícios no sector dos serviços financeiros. Artigo 7. 46Reconhecimento1. Uma Parte pode reconhecer as medidas de carácter prudencial da outra Parte para determinar o modo como serão aplicadas as medidas dessa Parte relativas aos serviços financeiros. Esse reconhecimento, que se pode processar através de harmonização ou por qualquer outra forma, pode basear-se num acordo ou convénio entre as Partes ou ser concedido de forma autónoma. 2. Uma Parte que seja parte contratante em acordos ou convénios com terceiros do tipo referido no n. o 1, quer à data de entrada em vigor do presente Acordo quer posteriormente, deve facultar à outra Parte a possibilidade de negociar a sua adesão ao referidos acordos ou convénios ou negociar com ela acordos ou convénios comparáveis, em circunstâncias em que haja equivalência a nível de regulamentação, acompanhamento, aplicação dessa regulamentação e, eventualmente, dos procedimentos referentes ao intercâmbio de informações entre as Partes nesse acordo ou convénio. Caso uma das Partes conceda o reconhecimento de forma autónoma, deve facultar à outra Parte a possibilidade de demonstrar a existência dessas circunstâncias. Subsecção FServiços de transporte marítimo internacionalArtigo 7. 47Âmbito de aplicação, definições e princípios1. A presente subsecção enuncia os princípios referentes à liberalização dos serviços de transporte marítimo internacional nos termos das secções B a D. 2. Para efeitos da presente subsecção, entende-se por:a)Transportes marítimos internacionais, serviços que incluem operações de transporte porta-a-porta, ou seja, o transporte de mercadorias utilizando mais do que um modo de transporte, que impliquem um trajecto marítimo, com um documento de transporte único, e que para esse efeito inclui o direito de celebrar directamente contratos com os operadores de outros modos de transporte;b)Serviços de carga e descarga, actividades realizadas por empresas de estiva, incluindo operadores de terminais, mas não as actividades directas de estivadores, nos casos em que este pessoal tem uma organização independente das empresas de estiva e dos operadores de terminais. As actividades abrangidas incluem a organização e a supervisão de:i)carga/descarga de uma embarcação,ii)amarração/desamarração de carga, eiii)recepção/entrega e conservação de carga antes da expedição ou após a descarga;c)Serviços de desalfandegamento (ou serviços de corretagem associados às alfândegas), as actividades que consistem na execução, em nome de outra parte, das formalidades aduaneiras no que respeita à importação, exportação ou transporte de carga, quer se trate da actividade principal do prestador de serviços quer complementar;d)Serviços de contentores e de depósito, as actividades que consistem no aparcamento de contentores, nas zonas portuárias, tendo em vista o seu enchimento/vazamento, reparação e preparação para a embarcação; ee)Serviços de agência marítima, actividades que consistem na representação na qualidade de agente, numa área geográfica determinada, dos interesses comerciais de uma ou mais linhas ou companhias de navegação, com os seguintes fins:i)comercialização e venda de serviços de transporte marítimo e serviços conexos desde a proposta de preços à facturação, emissão de conhecimentos de embarque, em nome das companhias, aquisição e revenda dos serviços conexos necessários, preparação de documentação e fornecimento de informações comerciais, eii)organização, em nome das companhias, da escala do navio ou da aceitação da carga se necessário. 3. Tendo em conta os níveis de liberalização existentes entre as Partes no que se refere ao transporte marítimo internacional:a)As Partes aplicam efectivamente o princípio do livre acesso ao mercado e ao comércio marítimo internacional numa base comercial e não discriminatória; eb)Cada Parte continua a conceder aos navios operados por prestadores de serviços da outra Parte um tratamento não menos favorável do que o concedido aos seus próprios navios no que respeita, designadamente, ao acesso a portos, à utilização das infra-estruturas e dos serviços auxiliares portuários, bem como às taxas e encargos conexos, às infra-estruturas aduaneiras e à atribuição de cais de acostagem e das infra-estruturas de carga e descarga. 4. Ao aplicarem os princípios enunciados, as Partes comprometem-se a:a)Não introduzir regimes de partilha de carga em futuros acordos bilaterais com terceiros em matéria de serviços de transporte marítimo, incluindo o comércio a granel de sólidos e de líquidos e linhas regulares, e terminar, num prazo razoável, tais regimes, caso existam em acordos bilaterais anteriores; eb)A partir da entrada em vigor do presente Acordo, abolir e abster-se de introduzir todas as medidas unilaterais, bem como os entraves administrativos, técnicos e outros susceptíveis de limitarem a concorrência livre e leal e terem efeitos restritivos ou discriminatórios sobre a livre prestação de serviços nos transportes marítimos internacionais. 5. As Partes autorizam que os prestadores de serviços de transporte marítimo internacional da outra Parte tenham um estabelecimento no seu território, de acordo com condições de estabelecimento e de exercício de actividade não menos favoráveis do que as concedidas aos seus próprios prestadores de serviços ou aos prestadores de serviços de qualquer país terceiro, se estas forem mais favoráveis, em conformidade com as condições definidas na sua lista de compromissos. 6. As Partes colocam à disposição dos prestadores de serviços de transporte marítimo internacional da outra Parte, em termos e condições razoáveis e não discriminatórios, os seguintes serviços portuários:a)Pilotagem;b)Reboques e assistência a rebocadores;c)Abastecimento;d)Aprovisionamento e carga de combustíveis e de água;e)Recolha de lixo e eliminação de resíduos de lastro;f)Serviços de capitania portuária;g)Auxílios à navegação; eh)Serviços operacionais em terra essenciais para as operações de embarque, incluindo comunicações, abastecimento de água e electricidade, instalações de reparação de emergência, serviços de ancoradouro, de cais e de amarração. SECÇÃO FComércio electrónicoArtigo 7. 48Objectivo e princípios1. Reconhecendo que o comércio electrónico propicia crescimento económico e oportunidades comerciais, a importância de evitar os obstáculos ao seu uso e desenvolvimento e a aplicabilidade do Acordo da OMC às medidas relativas ao comércio electrónico, as Partes acordam em promover o desenvolvimento do comércio electrónico nas suas relações comerciais, cooperando nas questões suscitadas pelo comércio electrónico ao abrigo do presente capítulo. 2. As Partes concordam que o desenvolvimento do comércio electrónico deve ser totalmente compatível com as mais elevadas normas internacionais em matéria de protecção dos dados, de modo a garantir a confiança dos utilizadores do comércio electrónico. 3. As Partes acordam em não sujeitar a direitos aduaneiros as entregas através de meios electrónicosA inclusão das disposições relativas ao comércio electrónico no presente capítulo não prejudica a posição da Coreia sobre a classificação das entregas através de meios electrónicos como comércio de serviços ou de mercadorias. Artigo 7. 49Cooperação sobre questões regulamentares1. As Partes devem manter um diálogo sobre as questões regulamentares suscitadas pelo comércio electrónico, nomeadamente no que se refere aos seguintes temas:a)Reconhecimento dos certificados de assinatura electrónica emitidos ao público e a facilitação dos serviços transfronteiras de certificação;b)Responsabilidade dos prestadores intermediários de serviços no que diz respeito à transmissão ou à armazenagem de informações;c)Tratamento das comunicações comerciais electrónicas não solicitadas;d)Defesa dos consumidores no domínio do comércio electrónico;e)Desenvolvimento do comércio sem papel; ef)Qualquer outro aspecto pertinente para o desenvolvimento do comércio electrónico. 2. O diálogo pode assumir a forma de um intercâmbio de informações sobre as legislações respectivas das Partes na matéria e sobre a aplicação das referidas legislações. SECÇÃO GExcepçõesArtigo 7. 50ExcepçõesDesde que tais medidas não sejam aplicadas de um modo que constitua um meio de discriminação arbitrária ou injustificável entre países em que prevaleçam condições similares ou uma restrição disfarçada ao estabelecimento ou à prestação transfronteiras de serviços, nenhuma disposição do presente capítulo pode ser interpretada no sentido de impedir uma Parte de adoptar ou aplicar medidas:a)Necessárias para garantir a protecção da segurança pública, da moralidade pública ou para manter a ordem públicaA excepção relativa à ordem pública só pode ser invocada se existir uma ameaça real e suficientemente séria a um dos interesses fundamentais de sociedade. ;b)Necessárias para proteger a saúde e a vida dos seres humanos, dos animais e das plantas;c)Relativas à conservação dos recursos naturais não renováveis, se tais medidas forem aplicadas juntamente com restrições à realização de investimentos a nível nacional ou à oferta/consumo de serviços a nível nacional;d)Necessárias à protecção do património nacional de valor artístico, histórico ou arqueológico;e)Necessárias para garantir a observância das disposições legislativas ou regulamentares que não sejam incompatíveis com o disposto no presente capítulo, nomeadamente as relativas:i)à prevenção de práticas falaciosas e fraudulentas ou destinadas a corrigir os efeitos do incumprimento de contratos,ii)à protecção da privacidade dos indivíduos relativamente ao tratamento e à divulgação de dados pessoais e à protecção da confidencialidade de registos e contas pessoais,iii)à segurança;f)Incompatíveis com os artigos 7. 6 e 7. 12, desde que a diferença de tratamento se destine a garantir a imposição ou a cobrança efectivaAs medidas destinadas a garantir a imposição ou cobrança equitativa ou eficaz de impostos directos incluem medidas tomadas por uma Parte no âmbito do seu sistema fiscal que:a)Se aplicam a investidores e prestadores de serviços não residentes em reconhecimento do facto de a obrigação fiscal dos não residentes ser determinada relativamente aos elementos tributáveis originados ou localizados no território da Parte;b)Se aplicam a não residentes a fim de garantir a imposição ou cobrança de impostos no território da Parte;c)Se aplicam a não residentes ou residentes a fim de impedir a evasão ou a fraude fiscal, incluindo medidas de execução;d)Se aplicam a consumidores de serviços prestados no território da outra Parte ou a partir desse território, a fim de garantir a imposição ou cobrança de impostos a esses consumidores decorrentes de fontes no território da Parte;e)Distinguem os investidores e prestadores de serviços sujeitos a impostos sobre elementos tributáveis a nível mundial dos restantes investidores e prestadores de serviços, em reconhecimento da diferença existente entre eles em termos de natureza da matéria colectável; ouf)Determinam, atribuem ou repartem rendimentos, lucros, ganhos, perdas, débitos ou créditos de pessoas ou sucursais residentes, ou entre pessoas que tenham uma ligação entre si ou entre sucursais da mesma pessoa, a fim de salvaguardar a matéria colectável da Parte. Os termos ou conceitos fiscais constantes da presente alínea e da presente nota de pé-de-página são determinados de acordo com as definições e conceitos fiscais, ou com definições e conceitos equivalentes ou semelhantes, ao abrigo do direito interno da Parte que toma a medida. ou equitativa de impostos directos relativamente às actividades económicas, aos investidores ou aos prestadores de serviços da outra Parte. CAPÍTULO OITOPAGAMENTOS E MOVIMENTOS DE CAPITAISArtigo 8. 1Pagamentos correntesAs Partes comprometem-se a não impor quaisquer restrições e a autorizar, numa moeda livremente convertível, de acordo com os Estatutos do Fundo Monetário Internacional, todos os pagamentos e transferências da balança de transacções correntes da balança de pagamentos entre residentes das Partes. Artigo 8. 2Movimentos de capitais1. No que respeita às transacções da conta de capitais da balança de pagamentos, as Partes comprometem-se a não impor quaisquer restrições à livre circulação de capitais relacionados com investimentos directos efectuados em conformidade com a legislação do país de acolhimento, investimentos e outras transacções liberalizadas em conformidade com o capítulo sete (Comércio de serviços, estabelecimento e comércio electrónico), bem como à liquidação ou repatriamento desses capitais investidos e de quaisquer lucros deles resultantes. 2. Sem prejuízo das restantes disposições do presente Acordo, no que respeita às transacções que não são as da conta de capitais da balança de pagamentos abrangidas pelo n. o 1, as Partes asseguram, em conformidade com a legislação do país de acolhimento, a livre circulação, pelos investidores da outra Parte, de capitais relativos, designadamente, a:a)Créditos relacionados com transacções comerciais, incluindo a prestação de serviços em que participe um residente numa das Partes;b)Empréstimos e créditos financeiros; ouc)Participação de capital numa pessoa colectiva, sem intenção de criar ou manter laços económicos duradouros. 3. Sem prejuízo das restantes disposições do presente Acordo, as Partes não introduzem quaisquer novas restrições aos movimentos de capitais entre os residentes nas Partes, não podendo tornar mais restritivos os regimes já existentes. 4. As Partes podem consultar-se a fim de facilitarem os movimentos de capitais entre elas e promoverem assim os objectivos do presente Acordo. Artigo 8. 3ExcepçõesDesde que tais medidas não sejam aplicadas de um modo que constitua um meio de discriminação arbitrária ou injustificável entre países em que prevaleçam condições similares ou uma restrição disfarçada à circulação de capitais, nenhuma disposição do presente capítulo pode ser interpretada no sentido de impedir uma Parte de adoptar ou aplicar medidas:a)Necessárias para proteger os bons costumes ou para manter a ordem e a segurança públicas; oub)Necessárias para garantir a observância das disposições legislativas ou regulamentares que não sejam incompatíveis com o disposto no presente capítulo, nomeadamente as relativas:i)à prevenção de infracções penais, práticas falaciosas e fraudulentas ou destinadas a corrigir os efeitos do incumprimento de contratos (falência, insolvência e protecção dos direitos dos credores),ii)às medidas adoptadas para garantir a integridade e a estabilidade do sistema financeiro de qualquer das Partes,iii)à emissão, transacção ou ao comércio de garantias, opções, futuros e outros derivados,iv)à elaboração dos relatórios financeiros ou conservação de registos das transferências se tal se revelar necessário para auxiliar as autoridades responsáveis pela aplicação da lei e as autoridades de regulação financeira, ouv)à observância dos acórdãos e decisões em processos judiciais ou administrativos. Artigo 8. 4Medidas de salvaguarda1. Quando, em circunstâncias excepcionais, os pagamentos e os movimentos de capitais entre as Partes causarem ou ameaçarem causar graves dificuldades ao funcionamento da política monetária ou cambialAs graves dificuldades à aplicação da política monetária ou cambial compreendem, se bem que não exclusivamente, sérias dificuldades a nível da balança de pagamentos e da situação financeira externa, e as medidas de salvaguarda previstas no presente artigo não se aplicam ao investimento directo estrangeiro. da Coreia ou de um ou mais Estados-Membros da União Europeia, as Partes em causaA União Europeia ou os Estados-Membros da União Europeia ou a Coreia. podem tomar as medidas de salvaguarda estritamente necessáriasEm especial, as medidas de salvaguarda previstas no presente artigo devem ser aplicadas de forma a:a)Não serem confiscatórias;b)Não constituírem uma prática de taxa cambial dupla ou múltipla;c)Não interferirem de outro modo com a capacidade de o investidor obter uma taxa de retorno de mercado no território da Parte que adoptou medidas de salvaguarda relativamente aos activos abrangidos pelas restrições;d)Evitarem prejuízos desnecessários aos interesses comerciais, económicos e financeiros da outra Parte;e)Serem temporárias e progressivamente eliminadas à medida que a situação que deu origem à sua imposição for melhorando; ef)Serem publicadas no mais curto prazo de tempo pelas autoridades competentes responsáveis pela política relativa às taxas de câmbio. em matéria de movimentos de capitais durante um período não superior a seis mesesDesde que as circunstâncias existentes aquando da adopção inicial das medidas de salvaguarda ou de quaisquer medidas equivalentes perdurem, a aplicação das medidas de salvaguarda pode ser prorrogada por mais um período de seis meses pela Parte em causa. Não obstante, caso surjam circunstâncias extraordinariamente excepcionais que levem uma Parte a requerer uma nova prorrogação das medidas de salvaguarda, esta Parte deve coordenar, com antecedência, a aplicação de qualquer prorrogação proposta com a outra Parte. 2. O Comité de Comércio é informado imediatamente da adopção de qualquer medida de salvaguarda e, o mais rapidamente possível, do calendário para a sua supressão. CAPÍTULO NOVECONTRATOS PÚBLICOSArtigo 9. 1Disposições gerais1. As Partes reiteram os seus direitos e obrigações nos termos do Acordo sobre Contratos Públicos constante do anexo 4 do Acordo da OMC (a seguir designado ACP de 1994), bem como o seu interesse em continuar a desenvolver as oportunidades comerciais bilaterais nos mercados de contratos públicos de cada Parte. 2. As Partes reconhecem o seu interesse mútuo em promover a liberalização internacional dos mercados de contratos públicos no contexto do regime de comércio internacional assente em regras. As Partes continuam a cooperar no reexame previsto no artigo XXIV:7 do ACP de 1994, bem como no âmbito de outras instâncias internacionais competentes. 3. Nenhuma disposição do presente capítulo deve ser interpretada como constituindo uma derrogação dos direitos e obrigações de qualquer das Partes por força do ACP de 1994 ou de um acordo que o substitua. 4. No que diz respeito aos contratos públicos abrangidos pelo presente capítulo, as Partes aplicam o texto do ACP revistoConstante do documento negs 268(Job No[1]. 8274) da OMC, de 19 de Novembro de 2007. e acordado a título provisório (a seguir designado ACP revisto), com as seguintes excepções:a)Tratamento mais favorável atribuído a mercadorias, serviços e fornecedores de qualquer outra Parte (alínea b) do n. o 1 e n. o 2 do artigo IV do ACP revisto);b)Tratamento especial e diferenciado em favor dos países em desenvolvimento (artigo V do ACP revisto);c)Condições de participação (n. o 2 do artigo VIII do ACP revisto) que passam a ter a seguinte redacção: não podem colocar como condição à adjudicação de um contrato a um fornecedor de uma Parte ou à sua participação num determinado concurso, o facto de esse fornecedor já ter beneficiado anteriormente da adjudicação de um ou mais contratos por uma entidade adjudicadora da outra Parte ou já possuir experiência de trabalho no território dessa Parte, excepto se essa experiência anterior for essencial para satisfazer as condições do concurso;d)Instituições (artigo XXI do ACP revisto); ee)Disposições finais (artigo XXII do ACP revisto). 5. Para efeitos da aplicação do ACP revisto, nos termos do n. o 4:a)Acordo no ACP revisto entende-se como capítulo, excepto no que diz respeito à expressão países que não sejam Partes no presente Acordo, que deve ser entendida como Partes não contratantes e à expressão Parte no Acordo, que deve ser entendida como Parte;b)A expressão outras Partes, no ACP revisto entende-se como a outra Parte; ec)Comité no ACP revisto entende-se como grupo de trabalho. Artigo 9. 2Âmbito de aplicação e cobertura1. O presente capítulo compreende todos os contratos públicos abrangidos pelos anexos de cada Parte ao ACP de 1994 e quaisquer observações a eles apensas, incluindo quaisquer alterações ou substituições. 2. Para efeitos do presente Acordo, os contratos de construção-exploração-transferência (a seguir designados contratos BOT) e as concessão de obras públicas, na acepção do anexo 9, são objecto das disposições do anexo 9. Artigo 9. 3Grupo de trabalho sobre contratos públicosO grupo de trabalho sobre contratos públicos estabelecido nos termos do n. o 1 do artigo 15. 3 (Grupos de trabalho) reúne-se por decisão mútua ou mediante pedido de uma das Partes, a fim de:a)Examinar as questões relativas aos contratos públicos, contratos BOT e concessão de obras públicas que lhe sejam apresentadas por uma das Partes;b)Trocar informações relativas às oportunidades em matéria de contratos públicos, contratos BOT e concessão de obras públicas em cada Parte; ec)Analisar quaisquer outras questões relativas à aplicação do presente capítulo. CAPÍTULO DEZPROPRIEDADE INTELECTUALSECÇÃO ADisposições geraisArtigo 10. 1ObjectivosOs objectivos do presente capítulo são:a)Facilitar a produção e a comercialização de produtos inovadores e criativos entre as Partes; eb)Atingir um nível adequado e efectivo de protecção e aplicação dos direitos de propriedade intelectual. Artigo 10. 2Natureza e âmbito das obrigações1. As Partes garantem a aplicação adequada e efectiva dos tratados internacionais relativos à propriedade intelectual aos quais aderiram, bem como do Acordo sobre os Aspectos dos Direitos de Propriedade Intelectual Relacionados com o Comércio, constante do anexo 1C do Acordo da OMC (a seguir designado Acordo TRIPS). As disposições do presente capítulo complementam e especificam os direitos e as obrigações que incumbem às Partes no âmbito do Acordo TRIPS. 2. Para efeitos do presente Acordo, a noção de direitos de propriedade intelectual inclui:a)Os direitos de autor, incluindo os direitos de autor sobre programas informáticos e bases de dados, e os direitos conexos;b)Os direitos sobre patentes;c)As marcas comerciais;d)As marcas de serviços;e)Os desenhos e modelos;f)As configurações (topografias) de circuitos integrados;g)As indicações geográficas;h)As variedades vegetais; ei)A protecção de informações não divulgadas. 3. A protecção da propriedade intelectual inclui a protecção contra a concorrência desleal referida no artigo 10. o-A da Convenção de Paris para a Protecção da Propriedade Industrial (1967), (a seguir designada Convenção de Paris). Artigo 10. 3Transferência de tecnologia1. As Partes acordam em proceder a trocas de opiniões e de informações sobre as respectivas práticas e políticas com incidência nas transferências de tecnologia, tanto nos seus territórios respectivos como com países terceiros. São incluídas, em particular, as medidas para facilitar os fluxos de informação, as parcerias entre empresas, a concessão de licenças e a subcontratação. É concedida especial atenção às condições necessárias para a criação, nos países de acolhimento, de um ambiente adequado e propício às transferências de tecnologias, sobretudo no que diz respeito ao desenvolvimento do capital humano e ao quadro jurídico. 2. As Partes tomam as medidas que forem adequadas para prevenir ou controlar as práticas ou condições de concessão de licenças referentes aos direitos de propriedade intelectual que possam obstruir as transferências internacionais de tecnologia e, por conseguinte, constituir um abuso, pelos titulares, dos seus direitos de propriedade intelectual. Artigo 10. 4EsgotamentoAs Partes podem estabelecer livremente o seu próprio regime para o esgotamento dos direitos de propriedade intelectual. SECÇÃO BNormas relativas aos direitos de propriedade intelectualSubsecção ADireitos de autor e direitos conexosArtigo 10. 5Protecção concedidaAs Partes observam os seguintes artigos:a)Artigos 1. o a 22. o da Convenção Internacional para a Protecção dos Artistas Intérpretes e Executantes, dos Produtores de Fonogramas e dos Organismos de Radiodifusão (1961) (a seguir designada Convenção de Roma);b)Artigos 1. o a 18. o da Convenção de Berna para a Protecção das Obras Literárias e Artísticas (1971) (a seguir designada Convenção de Berna);c)Artigos 1. o a 14. o do Tratado sobre os Direitos de Autor (a seguir designado TDA) (1996) da Organização Mundial da Propriedade Intelectual (a seguir designada OMPI); ed)Artigos 1. o a 23. o do Tratado da OMPI sobre Prestações e Fonogramas (1996) (a seguir designado TPF). Artigo 10. 6Duração dos direitos de autorCada Parte assegura que, nos casos em que a duração da protecção de uma obra for calculada com base na vida de uma pessoa singular, o termo dessa duração não é inferior à vida do autor mais 70 anos após a sua morte. Artigo 10. 7Organismos de radiodifusão1. Os direitos dos organismos de radiodifusão não caducam antes de decorridos cinquenta anos após a primeira difusão, quer a emissão seja efectuada com ou sem fio, incluindo cabo ou satélite. 2. Nenhuma Parte pode autorizar a retransmissão de sinais de televisão (terrestres, por cabo ou satélite) na Internet sem a autorização do titular ou titulares, caso existam, que detêm os direitos sobre o conteúdo do sinal e sobre o sinalPara efeitos do disposto no presente número, a retransmissão, no território de uma Parte, numa rede fechada e definida de assinantes à qual não se tem acesso fora do território da Parte não constitui uma retransmissão na Internet. Artigo 10. 8Cooperação em matéria de gestão colectiva dos direitosAs Partes facilitam a criação de sistemas entre as respectivas sociedades de gestão colectiva dos direitos de autor com o objectivo de facilitar, mutuamente, o acesso e intercâmbio de conteúdos entre as Partes, bem como para assegurar a transferência mútua dos direitos pela utilização das obras das Partes ou de outro material protegido por direitos de autor. As Partes envidam esforços para alcançar um elevado nível de racionalização e melhorar a transparência no que respeita à execução das tarefas das respectivas sociedades de gestão colectiva dos direitos de autor. Artigo 10. 9Radiodifusão e comunicação ao público1. Para efeitos do presente artigo, entende-se por:a)Emissão de radiodifusão, a difusão sem fios de sons ou de imagens e sons, ou de representações destes, destinada à recepção pelo público; a difusão por satélite é igualmente considerada uma emissão de radiodifusão; a difusão de sinais codificados é considerada uma emissão de radiodifusão sempre que os meios de descodificação sejam fornecidos ao público pelo organismo de radiodifusão ou com o seu consentimento; eb)Comunicação ao público, a difusão ao público por qualquer meio, com excepção da emissão de radiodifusão, de sons de uma prestação, ou dos sons ou das representações de sons fixados num fonograma. Para efeitos do disposto no n. o 5, a comunicação ao público inclui a operação de tornar os sons ou representações de sons fixados num fonograma audíveis para o público. 2. Cada Parte deve prever que os artistas intérpretes ou executantes tenham o direito exclusivo de permitir ou proibir a radiodifusão e a comunicação ao público das suas prestações, excepto se a prestação já for, por si própria, uma prestação radiodifundida ou se for efectuada a partir de uma fixação. 3. Cada Parte deve conceder aos artistas intérpretes ou executantes e aos produtores de fonogramas o direito a uma remuneração equitativa e única pelos fonogramas publicados com fins comerciais ou pela reprodução desses fonogramas para radiodifusão ou para qualquer comunicação ao público. 4. Cada Parte determina na sua legislação que a remuneração equitativa e única é reclamada ao utilizador pelo artista intérprete ou executante ou pelo produtor de um fonograma, ou por ambos. As Partes podem adoptar legislação que, na falta de acordo entre o artista intérprete ou executante e o produtor de um fonograma, determine as condições de repartição da remuneração equitativa e única entre os artistas intérpretes ou executantes e os produtores de fonogramas. 5. Cada Parte confere aos organismos de radiodifusão o direito exclusivo de permitir ou proibir:a)A redifusão das suas emissões;b)A fixação das suas emissões; ec)A comunicação ao público da suas emissões televisivas se essa comunicação for efectuada em lugares acessíveis ao público mediante pagamento de uma tarifa de entrada. A determinação das condições em que a protecção deste direito é exercida é estabelecida pelo direito interno do Estado em que essa protecção é reclamada. Artigo 10. 10Direito de sequência do autor de uma obra de arteAs Partes comprometem-se a trocar pontos de vista e informações sobre práticas e políticas em matéria de direitos de sequência dos artistas. No prazo de dois anos a contar da entrada em vigor do presente Acordo, as Partes procedem a consultas com vista a efectuar um reexame da conveniência e viabilidade de introduzir na Coreia o direito de sequência do autor de uma obra de arte. Artigo 10. 11Limitações e excepçõesEm determinados casos especiais que não obstam à exploração normal da obra e não prejudiquem de forma injustificável os legítimos interesses do autor, as Partes podem estabelecer na sua legislação limitações ou excepções aos direitos reconhecidos no artigos 10. 5 a 10. 10 aos seus titulares. Artigo 10. 12Protecção de medidas de carácter tecnológico1. Cada Parte assegura protecção jurídica adequada contra a violação de qualquer medida eficaz de carácter tecnológico por pessoas que saibam ou devam razoavelmente saber que é esse o seu objectivo. 2. Cada Parte assegura protecção jurídica adequada contra o fabrico, a importação, a distribuição, a venda, o aluguer, a publicidade para efeitos de venda ou de aluguer, ou a posse para fins comerciais de dispositivos, produtos ou componentes ou as prestações de serviços que:a)Sejam promovidos, publicitados ou comercializados para neutralizar a protecção; oub)Só tenham limitada finalidade comercial ou utilização para além da neutralização da protecção; ouc)Sejam essencialmente concebidos, produzidos, adaptados ou executados com o objectivo de permitir ou facilitar a neutralização da protecção,de medidas de carácter tecnológico eficazes. 3. Para efeitos do presente Acordo, por medidas de carácter tecnológico entende-se quaisquer tecnologias, dispositivos ou componentes que, durante o seu funcionamento normal, se destinem a impedir ou restringir actos, no que se refere a obras ou outro material, que não sejam autorizados pelo titular de um direito de autor ou direitos conexos previstos na legislação de cada uma das Partes. As medidas de carácter tecnológico são consideradas eficazes quando a utilização da obra ou de outro material protegido seja controlada pelos titulares dos direitos através de um controlo de acesso ou de um processo de protecção, como por exemplo a codificação, cifragem ou qualquer outra transformação da obra ou de outro material protegido, ou um mecanismo de controlo da cópia, que garanta a realização do objectivo de protecção. 4. Cada Parte pode estabelecer limitações ou excepções às medidas de execução dos n. os 1 e 2 em conformidade com a respectiva legislação e os acordos internacionais pertinentes referidos no artigo 10. 5. Artigo 10. 13Protecção das informações para a gestão dos direitos1. As Partes asseguram uma protecção jurídica adequada contra qualquer pessoa que, com conhecimento de causa, pratique, sem autorização, um dos seguintes actos:a)Supressão ou alteração de quaisquer informações electrónicas para a gestão dos direitos; oub)Distribuição, importação para distribuição, radiodifusão, comunicação ao público ou colocação à sua disposição de obras ou de outro material protegido nos termos do presente Acordo das quais tenham sido suprimidas ou alteradas sem autorização informações electrónicas para a gestão dos direitos,sabendo ou devendo razoavelmente saber que ao fazê-lo está a provocar, permitir, facilitar ou dissimular a violação de um direito de autor ou de direitos conexos previstos pelo direito da Parte em causa. 2. Para efeitos do presente Acordo, entende-se por informações para a gestão dos direitos as informações prestadas pelos titulares dos direitos que identifiquem a obra ou outro material referido no presente Acordo, o autor da obra e o titular de qualquer direito sobre a obra, ou informações acerca das condições de utilização da obra ou de outro material, e quaisquer números ou códigos que representem essas informações. 3. O n. o 2 aplica-se quando qualquer destes elementos de informação acompanha uma cópia de uma obra ou de outro material ou aparece no quadro da comunicação ao público de uma obra ou de outro material referido no presente Acordo. Artigo 10. 14Disposições transitóriasA Coreia aplica integralmente as obrigações constantes dos artigos 10. 6 e 10. 7 no prazo de dois anos a contar da data da entrada em vigor do presente Acordo. Subsecção BMarcas comerciaisArtigo 10. 15Procedimentos de registoA União Europeia e a Coreia instauram um sistema de registo de marcas comerciais no qual a fundamentação de uma recusa de registo de uma marca comercial deve ser comunicada por escrito e pode ser enviada electronicamente ao requerente, que terá a possibilidade de contestar essa recusa e de interpor um recurso judicial contra uma recusa definitiva. A União Europeia e a Coreia prevêem, além disso, a possibilidade de os interessados rejeitarem um pedido de uma marca comercial. A União Europeia e a Coreia criam uma base de dados electrónica pública dos pedidos e dos registos de marcas comerciais. Artigo 10. 16Acordos internacionaisA União Europeia e a Coreia aderem ao Tratado sobre o Direito das Marcas (1994) e tomam as medidas necessárias para aderir ao Tratado de Singapura sobre o Direito das Marcas (2006). Artigo 10. 17Excepções aos direitos conferidos por uma marca comercialAs Partes prevêem a utilização leal de termos descritivos como uma excepção limitada aos direitos conferidos por uma marca comercial e podem prever outras excepções limitadas, desde que essas excepções tenham em conta os legítimos interesses do titular da marca e de terceiros. Subsecção CIndicações geográficasNa presente subsecção, entende-se por indicações geográficas:a)Indicações geográficas, denominações de origem, vinhos de qualidade produzidos numa região determinada e vinhos de mesa com indicação geográfica referidos nos seguintes regulamentos: Regulamento (CE) n. o 510/2006 do Conselho, de 20 de Março de 2006; Regulamento (CE) n. o 110/2008 do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho, de 15 de Janeiro de 2008; Regulamento (CEE) n. o 1601/1991 do Conselho, de 10 de Junho de 1991; Regulamento (CE) n. o 1493/1999 do Conselho, de 17 de Maio de 1999; e Regulamento (CE) n. o 1234/2007 do Conselho, de 22 de Outubro de 2007, ou em disposições que substituem estes regulamentos; eb)Indicações geográficas constantes da Agricultural Products Quality Control Act (lei relativa ao controlo da qualidade dos produtos agrícolas) (Lei n. o 9759, de 9 de Junho de 2009) e da Liquor Tax Act (lei relativa à tributação das bebidas alcoólicas) (Lei n. o 8852, de 29 de Fevereiro de 2008) da Coreia. A protecção das indicações geográficas ao abrigo da presente subsecção não prejudica as restantes disposições do presente Acordo. Artigo 10. 18Reconhecimento de indicações geográficas de produtos agrícolas, géneros alimentícios e vinhos1. Após ter examinado a Agricultural Products Quality Control Act (lei relativa ao controlo da qualidade dos produtos agrícolas) e as respectivas regras de execução no que diz respeito ao registo, ao controlo e à protecção das indicações geográficas de produtos agrícolas e géneros alimentícios na Coreia, a União Europeia conclui que este acto legislativo é conforme com as disposições do n. o 6. 2. Após ter examinado o Regulamento (CE) n. o 510/2006 do Conselho e as respectivas regras de execução no que diz respeito ao registo, ao controlo e à protecção das indicações geográficas de produtos agrícolas e géneros alimentícios na União Europeia, e o Regulamento (CE) n. o 1234/2007 do Conselho, no que diz respeito à organização comum do mercado vitivinícola, a Coreia conclui que estes actos legislativos são conformes com as disposições do n. o 6. 3. Após ter examinado um resumo das especificações dos produtos agrícolas e géneros alimentícios correspondentes às indicações geográficas da Coreia enumeradas no anexo 10-A, que foram registadas pela Coreia ao abrigo da legislação referida no n. o 1, a União Europeia compromete-se a proteger as indicações geográficas da Coreia enumeradas no anexo 10-A de acordo com o nível de protecção estabelecido no presente capítulo. 4. Após ter examinado um resumo das especificações dos produtos agrícolas e géneros alimentícios correspondentes às indicações geográficas da União Europeia enumeradas no anexo 10-A, que foram registadas pela União Europeia ao abrigo da legislação referida no n. o 1, a Coreia compromete-se a proteger as indicações geográficas da União Europeia enumeradas no anexo 10-A em conformidade com o nível de protecção estabelecido no presente capítulo. 5. O n. o 3 é aplicável às indicações geográficas para os vinhos no que diz respeito às indicações geográficas aditadas em de acordo com o artigo 10. 24. 6. A União Europeia e a Coreia acordam nos seguintes elementos para efeitos do registo e controlo das indicações geográficas referidas nos n. os 1 e 2:a)Um registo que inventarie as indicações geográficas protegidas nos seus respectivos territórios;b)Um processo administrativo que permita verificar que as indicações geográficas identificam uma mercadoria como sendo originária de um território, de uma região ou de um lugar de uma Parte, sempre que determinada qualidade, reputação ou outra característica da mercadoria seja essencialmente imputável à sua origem geográfica;c)O requisito de correspondência de uma denominação registada a um produto ou produtos específicos para os quais se estabeleceu um caderno de especificações cuja alteração deve obedecer a um determinado processo administrativo;d)Disposições em matéria de controlo aplicáveis à produção;e)Disposições legislativas que estabeleçam que uma denominação registada pode ser utilizada por qualquer operador que comercialize produtos agrícolas ou géneros alimentícios que sejam conformes com o caderno de especificações correspondente; ef)Um procedimento de oposição que permita ter em conta os interesses legítimos dos anteriores utilizadores das denominações, independentemente de estas serem, ou não, protegidas como uma forma de propriedade intelectual. Artigo 10. 19Reconhecimento das indicações geográficas específicas para vinhosOs vinhos na acepção da presente subsecção correspondem aos produtos abrangidos pela rubrica 22. 04 do SH, que:a)São conformes com o Regulamento (CE) n. o 1234/2007 do Conselho, de 22 de Outubro de 2007, do Regulamento (CE) n. o 606/2009 da Comissão, de 10 de Julho de 2009 e do Regulamento (CE) n. o 607/2009 da Comissão, de 14 de Julho de 2009, ou de actos legislativos que os substituem; oub)São conformes com a Agricultural Products Quality Control Act (lei relativa ao controlo da qualidade dos produtos agrícolas) (Lei n. o 9759, de 9 de Junho de 2009) e na Liquor Tax Act (lei relativa à tributação das bebidas alcoólicas) (Lei n. o 8852, de 29 de Fevereiro de 2008) da Coreia. , vinhos aromatizadosOs vinhos aromatizados na acepção da presente subsecção correspondem aos produtos abrangidos pela rubrica 22. 05 do SH, que:a)São conformes com o Regulamento (CEE) n. o 1601/1991 do Conselho, de 10 de Junho de 1991, ou de actos legislativos que o substituem; oub)São conformes com a Agricultural Products Quality Control Act (Lei n. o 9759, de 9 de Junho de 2009) e na Liquor Tax Act (Lei n. o 8852, de 29 de Fevereiro de 2008) da Coreia. e bebidas espirituosasAs bebidas alcoólicas na acepção da presente subsecção correspondem aos produtos abrangidos pela rubrica 22. 08 do SH, que:a)São conformes com o Regulamento (CE) n. |
github_open_source_100_8_20056 | Github OpenSource | Various open source |
out vec4 PS_OUT_Color;
in vec2 PS_IN_TexCoord;
uniform sampler2D s_Texture;
uniform float exposure;
vec3 reinhard(vec3 L)
{
L = L * exposure;
return L / (1 + L);
}
void main()
{
vec3 color = reinhard(texture(s_Texture, PS_IN_TexCoord).rgb);
PS_OUT_Color = vec4(pow(color, vec3(1.0/2.2)), 1.0);
}
|
534545_1 | Wikipedia | CC-By-SA | LaRon Louis James (Nova Iorque, 18 de fevereiro de 1982) conhecido pelo nome artístico de Juelz Santana é um rapper, ator e produtor musical estadunidense de origem dominicana. É um dos membros do grupo The Diplomats, junto com Cam'ron, rapper que o ajudou no seu início de carreira.
Biografia
1983-2001: Nascimento e Início de Carreira
Santana é descendente de Dominicanos e Afro-Americanos, ele nasceu em Nova York e foi criado no bairro de Harlem em Manhattan. Ele começou a cantar rap com cinco anos de idade e alguns anos depois assinou um contrato com a Priority Records. Em 2000, com apenas 17 anos, ele fez uma participação em uma canção do álbum S.D.E. de Cam'ron, que por fim, acabou o colocando no grupo The Diplomats.
2002-2004: Final Destination e From Me To U
Após entrar para o grupo The Diplomats (também conhecido como Dipsy), ele assinou com a Roc-A-Fella Records. Em 2002, Santana ficou conhecido por participações em canções com outros artistas, entrevistas de rádio e principalmente, por causa de seus mixtapes, na qual rendeu reconhecimento popular. Também em 2002, participou dos singles "Hey Ma" e "Oh Boy" de Cam'ron e em 2003 lançou seu primeiro álbum de estúdio solo, "From Me To U" que obteve a posição de número #3 no Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums da Billboard.
2005-2006: What the Game's Been Missing!
Em 2005, participou do sigle Run It! de Chris Brown e meses depois lançou o seu segundo álbum de estúdio, "What the Game's Been Missing!" que rendeu os singles "Mic Check", "There It Go (The Song Whistle)", "Oh Yeah", "Clockwork", "Shottas", e "Make It Work For Ya". Tanto o álbum quanto o single "There It Go" foram certificados como Ouro pela Recording Industry Association of America.
2007-Presente: "Born to Lose, Built to Win"
Desde 2007 até os dias atuais, Santana começou a gravar canções para seu terceiro álbum, "Born to Lose, Built to Win". Pouco após o início das gravações, Santana lançou o single promocional "The Second Coming", produzido por Just Blaze. Depois de um hiato de dois anos, ele lançou outro single promocional, "Days of Our Lives" e no final de 2009 ele lançou o primeiro single, "Mixin' Up the Medicine", com a participação de Yelawolf. Em 2010, ele lançou o segundo single, intitulado "Back to the Crib", com a participação de Chris Brown. Em abril de 2010, Santana declarou que o lançamento do álbum iria ter mais um hiato sem previsão de retorno às atividades. Ainda não se sabe quando Santana lançará o álbum, mas ele está trabalhando em novo albúm com o The Diplomats, que também não tem previsão de lançamento.
Controvérsia
Santana foi preso no dia 02 de fevereiro de 2011, acusado de porte ilegal de arma, posse de arma sem licença e posse de substância controlada. Santana pagou US$ 125.000 dólares de fiança para ser solto.
Discografia
2003: From Me to U
2005: What the Game's Been Missing!
Colaborações
2005: Run It! (feat. Chris Brown)
2006: Bonified Hustler (feat. Lil Wayne)
2007: White Gurl (feat. E-40 & UGK)
2007: I Can't Feel My Face (feat. Lil Wayne)
2008: You Ain't Got Nuthin (feat. Fabolous & Lil Wayne)
2008: There's Nothin (Remix) (feat. Sean Kingston & The D.E.Y.)
2009: Back To The Crib]] (feat. Chris Brown)
2010: Beamer, Benz Or Bentley (feat. Lloyd Banks)
2010: Ride The Wave (feat. Lloyd Banks & Trav)
Referências
<references>
Rappers dos Estados Unidos
Rappers afro-americanos
Cantores de hip hop dos Estados Unidos
Artistas da Def Jam Recordings
Atores dos Estados Unidos
Produtores musicais dos Estados Unidos
Atores afro-americanos
Naturais de Nova Iorque (cidade)
Norte-americanos de ascendência dominicana.
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christianrecons00douggoog_7 | English-PD | Public Domain | The record of his early days there is of profound in- terest, but is another story. So also is the history of the religious transformations wrought, though they have economic consequences and value. It is only with the more strictly economic side that we have present concern. When he reached Belle Place in 1892 the church organization was a complete wreck, having gone from one hundred members to three, and 11 [161] CHRISTIAN BECONSTEUCTION IN THE SOUTH two of the three were not in regular standing. The church building was little more than a cow shed, with no ceiling or sashes. There was only one home owner in the parish. To-day there is an edifice that would be an honor to any town or city in the state, paid for, every dollar paid by the people themselves, who keep the property well insured. The church has now eighty-five members — no slight achievement for col- ored Congregationalism, which with its standards must at present grow slowly among the negroes. The families number thirty, and fifteen of these, stimulated by Mr. Whitt's teaching and example, now own their own places. Three of the home owners have about $3000 of property each. Mr. Whitt has a home that cost $1500, owns twenty shares in a building and loan association (valued at $200 dollars a share), paying in twenty dollars a month for nearly the past ten years to secure it, and he and his wife own three lots in New Orleans, for one of which he Imis refused $650. It is doubtful if many ministers have been of more economic value to the community than this American Missionary Association product, whose thrift has in no wise lessened the earnestness of his study or of his religious life and teaching. The work which he has done in the suppression of vice and intemper- ance has been of very definite economic value. To cite but one example: said a deacon of a neighboring church, " I have been in the church eighteen years, and it seemed to me that if I did n't get dnmk Christ- mas I had n't done my duty. I was brought up so. But one Sunday night just before Christmas I went to Brother Whitt's church. I left my flask of whisky under the steps and went in. I listened to him tell- ing what Christmas meant, how it should be kept, and how almost everybody about, including Christians, desecrated the day by drinking and getting beastly [162] WHAT THE NEGRO HAS DONE FOR HIMSELF drunk and how families are made to suffer. I said in that church I would go home and stop drinking and stop renting land. To-day I have a home that cost $1000, paid for, and Elder Whitt is the cause of it.'* This is typical of the economic value of the Associa- tion's work through the men it has trained. To the rule of social complacency and non-aggressive- ness on the part of the select city churches there are bril- An Excep- iiojit exceptions. The most notable in the tional City Congregational fellowship is the First Church Church, Atlanta. It is recognized as in- cluding the best negroes of the city, and probably no col- ored church anywhere has a higher average of character and intelligence in its ranks. At the same time it has long maintained a slum mission and other persistent activities for the uplift of the more degraded classes. Its pastor, the Rev. H. H. Proctor, D.D., a Fisk University and Yale graduate, is a man of race-wide influence. He has served as assistant moderator of the national body of his denomination. He rendered eminent service in inter- racial efforts for order and justice after the Atlanta riot. The church property occupies a central location in the city, and its main edifice has just been added to the ex- isting chapel. The completed property is worth toward $70,000, and the equipment for institutional work makes the church unique among negro religious enterprises. Such an attempt to meet the social problems of negro city populations in an outreaching spirit of service, besides being eminently Christian, is of fundamental importance to a race which is popularly judged by its worst, for whom its best are held accountable. Indeed, the deepest moral problem before the better negro classes is whether they will withhold themselves from an energizing fellowship [163] ~" CHRISTIAN RECONSTRUCTION IN THE SOUTH with their weaker brethren, or whether they will put their own strength under the need of those whose fate they so often have to share. Most of the organized philanthropic efforts of the American negro have been in connection with his churches ; Negro though outside of church influence co- Philanthropy operative efforts have established many and varied institutions. In all, the negro is supporting some sixty homes and orphanages, more than thirty hospitals, besides hundreds of cemeteries. Recently a number of commendable enterprises for the protection and redemp- tion of the child-criminal have been undertaken by negro women's clubs in various states. Among the select city groups flourish manifold other institutions of the higher life, expressing its interest in Other Institu- U^erature, music, art, philanthropy, polite tions of the intercourse and race ideals. The message of Higher Life gudj negro poet as Dunbar, of a painter like Tanner, a composer like Coleridge Taylor, actors like Walker and Williams, a scholar and essayist like Professor DuBois or a statesman like Mr. Washington is, of course, far wider than the race. It appeals to the whole nation and indeed to the world. But its first appeal is to the negro minority, their peers. There are thousands of negroes who honor and appreciate the works of eminent genius which their race has produced. There are women's clubs with complete national and state organizations ; dig- nified associations for th^ discussion of public questions, such as the Sumner Club of Charleston, which has a history of thirty years. The annual musical festivals of the Coler- idge Taylor Club of Washington are superb artistic events. At a banquet of the Strieby Congregational Club one might shut his eyes and never be conscious that he was not [164] WHAT THE NEGRO HAS DONE FOR HIMSELF attending a similar occasion in Boston. The tone of ser- vice and preaching in the First Congregational Church of Atlanta would appeal to the most exacting mind. In other words, there are select negro groups which not only equal but actually exceed the average of national attainment in many of the ideal realms. They think and feel and enjoy as do other select groups of Americans and live accordingly. To crown all this varied social evolution the negro has developed organs for the control of his further growth. Evolution of These appear as two temperamental parties, Ors^mLEed — radicals and conservatives — whose chief Group Control respective exponents are the " Niagara Movement " led by Dr. DuBois over against Mr. Wash- ington and his followers. These parties have found mul- tiform agencies of expression and appeal both to the race and to the nation; a vigorous press, an extremely able controversial literature, devices for public agitation and for bringing political pressure. One may laugh if he will at the squabbles of the neg^o on his side of the color-line. Yet through them the race is beating into shape a disci- plined and well-officered army, under experienced leader- ship. It is following the universal method of learning democratic efficiency. The temperamental extremes in any group must find themselves, organize, and fight out a bal- ance between themselves. Thus the seethings o^ negro sentiment are a deep factor in present American history. This " ostracized race in ferment " is fitting itself to play a larger part in the common life. It is forging weapons of group consciousness and control which will some day give its now voiceless power, wisdom, dignity, and weight in the counsels of the Republic. [165] VI- A BACKGROUND FOR BLACK L DUBIOUS VERDICTS FROM CONFLICTING FACTS ONE whose lot it is sometimes to address Northern churches in behalf of negro education soon learns to his sorrow to distinguish between an audience interested and an audience convinced, a distinction which Ten Thousand ^^^^^ registers itself in the size of the col- V8, Ten lection. Such a description of varied mis- ^^<«^ sionary activities as we have attempted in the earlier chapter appeals to those who are chiefly moved by concrete situations, but in the minds of the more judi- cious there frequently remain thoughts like this — and sometimes they speak them forth. What is the average daily attendance of these schools you have been telling about? Probably ten thousand. How many negroes are at present under the direct influence of your whole group of missionary activities? Possibly one himdred thousand* What proportion of American negroes have reached a normal standard of character and civilization? We speak roughly of the " talented tenth " — possibly one million. And how many negroes are there in America? Nearly ten million. Are the things which are true of the ten thousand, the hundred thousand, and the million, true also of the ten million? However promising the exception, however suc- cessful the agencies of uplift with the few, however inter- esting and worthy the work for which support is asked, what about general race tendencies ? Assure us, if you can, that your hopeful story is not related to a mere frag- ment of the race — say, that which shares white blood — while the main currents of the American negro's life [166] A BACKGROUND FOR BLACK plunge down toward the abyss. In answer to such just and inevitable questions, it is the purpose of this chapter to declare the things which are true of the ten million. The critics and the defoiders of the American negro have fought a drawn battle hitherto, and chiefly because Unconvmcuig of defective tactics on both sides. On the Optimiim one hand there is the Booker T. Washington school of optimists, whose chief resource has been the cataloguing of case after case of negro success. Here is this man and that man and another negro who have made good. Every time Mr. Washington comes North he has a new lot of men. Every article he writes has new cases. Stubbornly and truthfuUy he reiterates from year to year the story of thousands upon thq^sands of successful ne- groes. The trouble with this method is that over against it one can bring a case of failure to offset each case of success, and probably the failures are in one's own kitchen or barnyard, while the successful ones are far away. The outcome is that this method does not convince. It has not convinced the South where most of the successful negroes are, and the nation at large, though impressed, is imsatis- fied. The mere enumeration of hopeful facts, however massive, cannot justify optimism. It is not enough to enumerate; one must weigh the facts. If it be true that no people less than half a century out of bondage ever made such magnificent gains as the Doubts as to American negro has, it is just as true of Relative Americ€tns in general. There is no such ^rogrem human record as that which our country has made since the Civil War. Has the progress of the negro been in proportion to the general progress? In spite of his tremendous absolute gains, has he really kept pace with the rest of the nation? I confess that I am not so [167] CHRISTIAN EECONSTEUCTION IN THE SOUTH sure. When, thinking of the negro, we proclaim : " Saul has slain his thousands," must we not also add : And David his ten thousands"? As things are now going, would not white America grculually pull ahead of negro America, and forever increase the gap between? But optimism faces a still deeper difficulty, namely: That the present deficiencies of the negro — which his^best friends must measure and confess — are in matters so serious and so fundamental that if present tendencies hold, he is certainly doomed. No amount of progress on other lines could possibly overcome his deep failure in these fun- damental respects. When the dark charges against him are formulated, they are found to be chiefly three: 1. He is deficient in physical stamina; S. He lacks the fundamental economic virtues; 8. He is excessively immoral. Whoever is deficient in these things is doomed, if his de- ficiencies continue. For the first and third charges there exists what looks like authoritative proof. According to the census statis- A Fighting tics, the American negro's death-rate is twice Chance that of the white population ; and his prison population is two and one-half times as great as his pro- portion in the general population. His economic weakness is supposed to be established by the facts that his numbers have absolutely decreased in some of the skilled trades and relatively decreased in others ; that, especially in the Northern cities, skilled negro workmen are frequently forced out of trades into janitor's and porter's work; and that the South widely testifies that as a laborer the negro is deteriorating. These are grave charges and supported by ugly facts. They are frequently and unnecessarily overstated. At best they are bad enough, and nothing but [168] A BACKGROUND FOR BLACK the most adequate answer to them will avail to save pop- ular faith in the negro. No critic of the race can be more anxious to have the nation know how precarious the negro's future is, than his friends should be. It is no easy battle he has before him ; therefore he needs our help the more desperately. The most any one dare contend for him is that he has a fighting chance. n. NEED OF A SOCIOLOGICAL BACKGROUND Whether such a fighting chance will be allowed depends ultimately not upon the naked facts, nor even upon the ^ , discovery that some of them are seriously ad- Philosophy i.U • • A always Present verse to the negro, but upon their mterpre- in the Interpre- tation. For, after all is said and done, every tation of Facts j.^^^ problem, however scien- tific and unbiased, consciously or unconsciously brings a social philosophy to the interpretation of his facts. He puts them on a certain background, and the background gives them their color. Any woman can testify that a piece of dress goods in the shops does not look as it will when it is made up and worn. Its appearance changes with its setting. In the laboratory, patches of different colors are put upon different backgrounds and are found to take on complementary hues. I recall a story with a plot like this: A woman desiring to humiliate her social rival set about it by discovering the color of her rival's best frock. Then she invited her to a place of ostensible honor at a social function and set her over against a background which turned her charms into horrors. This is what the popular judgment, and frequently social investigators as well, have done for the negro. They have put the distress- ing facts of his present deficiencies upon the background CHRISTIAN EECONSTRUCTION IN THE SOUTH of a racial interpretation which makes them look blacker than they are. The real issue is whether the negro's present deficiencies — which certainly doom him if like tendencies hold — are The Real inevitable and necessarily permanent, or re- mediable and only temporary. Do they be- long to the negro as a negro? Are they due to hereditary traits, predestined or unescapable tendencies of blood ; or to social handicaps, to conditions which men can control? If the latter the negro has a fighting chance, and it is the duty of just men to help him in his fight. The dominant social doctrine of yesterday held the for- mer view and recent champions of the South, with much TheFailuieof ^how of belated learning, still reiterate it. Race as an But a revolutionary change meanwhile has ^^^P'*"***®^ come over the science of sociology by which an ever-narrowing sphere is allotted to heredity, and an ever-increasing sphere ascribed to social control. One of the brilliant younger sociologists. Prof. E. A. Ross of Wisconsin University (the man who coined the term " race suicide," and started a President a-preaching to the nation on that evil), summarizing a world-wide sur- vey of recent tendencies in sociology, puts the case thus : — The superiorities that, at a given time, one people may display over other peoples, are not necessarily racial.^ More and more the time-honored appeal to race is looked upon as the resource of ignorance or indolence. To the scholar the attributing of the mental and moral traits of a population to heredity is a confes- sion of defeat, not to be thought of until he has ' R088, Foundatioiis of Sociology, p. 853. [170] A BACKGROUND FOB BLACK wrung from every factor of life its last drop of explanation.^ Note the order of explanation ; for this is the kernel of the thought. We are to cry " race " last of aU^ after we have reckoned with every other factor^ every nearer and more obvious cause. Then if there is something left of the negro's deficiency, which belongs to him as a negro, one must confess it ; but not until from every social factor has been wrung its last drop of significance. In the present issue, merely to set the negro's defi- ciencies against their specific sociological background is to steal away much of their sharpness. This does not mean that the race factor has no influence, but that, when the general charge of malign race traits is forced to be- come explicit, when each alleged hereditary shortcoming is isolated and the nearest and most obvious explanation applied to it, the racial residuum, if any, is harmless. m. ALLEGED RACIAL TRAITS AND THEIR SOaO- LOGICAL EXPLANATIONS 1. The Negro* s Inferior Physical Stamina' Black Americans have a double death-rate. Waiving the facts that the statistics on which this conclusion is based are inadequaJte (and the census confesses as much), the best conclusion available is that, though the death- rates of both are declining, black Americans are now dying nearly if not quite twice as fast as white.^ This ' R088, Foundatkms of Sociology, p. 900. * Census BuUetin 8, Negroes in the United States, p. 64 ;Wi^ Statistics of the American Negro," in Stone, Studies in the American Race Problem, pp. 400 ff. [vn\ \ CHRISTIAN EECONSTRUCTION IN THE SOUTH proportion holds for the total population and also for infants. In such cities as Savannah, Georgia, five negroes die to every three whites. Considering the most fatal diseases, it is found that the negro proportion of death from tuber- culosis is three to one ; from marasmus — a wasting dis- ease, generally of children — five to three ; from malarial fever, five to three ; from pneumonia, two to one. On the other hand, it is to be noted that in recent United States army examinations of candidates for enlistment negroes have made a slightly better showing than whites. A South- em commentator thinks this is because military service appeals to the best class of negroes, but only to the poorer class of whites. Again, it is most pertinent to note that extra-excessive mortality is chiefly a city phenome- non. Nothing, however, at present known can obviate the conclusion that the negro's outlook for health, though not hopeless, is extremely dubious. This excessive death-rate is by no means overcome, as some suppose, by the still more excessive negro birth- The Negro's birth-rate of both races is declin- Double Death- ing, but that of the negro much more ^ rapidly. During the last twenty years of the nineteenth century the decline in the proportion of Southern negro children was 160 and that in the proportion of Southern white children only 76.^ While the black population of the South has doubled since the Civil War, the white population, virtually without ' WiUcqz, "Census Statistics of the Negro," in Stone, Studies in the American Race Problem, p. 507. [m] A BACKGROUND FOR BLACK the aid of immigration, has tripled. If this ratio continues the negro is doomed to be an ever-diminishing fraction of the population. Between 1890 and 1900 the relative in* crease in the South Atlantic states wa^, negro 14 per cent, white 20 per cent; in the South Central states, negro 20 per cent, whites 80 per cent. The final result, as shown in the relative proportion of the race in the South, is, therefore, that the negro is losing Radal Inter- ground. What now is the significance of pretation of the these facts? Is it that the negro has an Death-rate inferior constitution, that nature made him a weakling, that Grod is responsible and no one can help it? On the assumption that inferior physical stamina is a racial trait. Southern oracles, following a Northerner, Prof. W. F. Willcox of Cornell, have prophesied the ultimate extinction of the negro in America. It is in- teresting, however, to note how vastly the ardor of a prophet enlarges the cautious conclusion of the statisti- cian. Should the present ratio of increase in the two races prevail until ^000 a.d. there would then be in the South thirty-three million negroes to one hundred and fifty-five million whites, but the negro would constitute only 17.6 per cent of the population of which he now constitutes S2.4 per cent. Two thousand a.d. is a long way off, and a negro population of 17.6 per cent might still constitute a race problem of considerable difficulty. No one can safely prophesy whether or not the present ratio of in- crease will continue. A good many things are likely to happen to modify it. Yet to the author of " The Color- Line " it seems certain that " the general movement of the life of a continent is toward the elimination of the African-American."^ Dr. Smith's jubilation at such a » Smith, The Color-Line, p. 215. [173] CHRISTIAN RECONSTRUCTION IN THE SOUTH divinely ordained result is both sincere and ludicrous ; and even a just and generous mind like President Alderman's cannot forbear to utter a note of sectional exaltation at the alleged prospect. Are Professor Smith and President Alderman willing to undertake and to work to their legitimate finish per- fectly obvious measures tending to defeat their own prophesies? A considerable part, at least, of the negro's present death-rate is absolutely unnecessary; its present causes are very largely environmental, such as bad sani- tation, poor housing, lack of proper clothing and food. In the mayor's report of the city of Savannah for 1906, one reads something like this : Ours is one of the Savamiah ^i^st crowded cities in the South. Its oldest districts, especially, furnish too little light and air for the health of the people. It is now recognized also that the furnishing of means of recreation to its citi- zens is part of the function of a modem city. We need more parks both for the physical and the moral good of the people." But who occupies the more crowded quar^ ters of old Savannah? The negro. Is he allowed to use the present municipal parks, and will he be admitted to the new ones? No. A negro or two may pa^s through a park of Savannah, but by unwritten law the negro popu- lation is forbidden to make the parks places of recreation. They cannot use them for any purpose for which they are ordained and supported, partly by negro taxes. Are parks for the maj ority ? Then they are for the negro. Are they for the more needy? He is most needy. A Savannah negro mother cannot take her child to a park as a relief from her stifling alley ; she may take a white child. The new municipal playgrounds, for which the mayor pleads, will not be available for black boys. A group of colored [174] A BACKGROUND FOR BLACK young people cannot enjoy a picnic there under the sway- ing moss of the live-oaks; a gang of colored laborers cannot rest there at noontime. Yet the alleys of Savan- nah are lined with negro houses. The block in which Beach Institute is located, and every block in that region, has long rows of disreputable alley tenements, where filth • and bad sanitation contaminate tiie air, and menace the crowded and raoidly increasing colored population. A visitor writes. The last time I was entertained at the Mission Home my colored next-door neighbor emptied her dish-water from a window less than six feet from my own down into a sunless place between buildings. What does Savannah expect? Why should not the Savannah negro die? Social investigators have explored such alley homes time and time again, and probation officers have followed the records of children who come out of them. There is no obscurity about their fruits. It is a suggestive fact that the municipal jail is not far away. Dr. W. F. Brunner, the city health officer, understands the case perfectly well and puts it thus : We face the following issues: First, one set of people, the Caucasian, with a normal death-rate of less than sixteen per thousand per annum, and right alongside of them is the negro race with a death-rate of twenty-five to thirty per thousand. Second : The first named race furnishing a normal amount of crimi- nals and paupers, and the second race of people fur- nishing an abnormal percentage of lawbreakers and paupers. [ml ■ CHRISTIAN RECONSTRUCTION IN THE SOUTH Is the negro receiving a square deal? Let a commission investigate the houses he lives in: Why, in his race, is tuberculosis increasing ; why furnishes he his enormous quota to the chain-gang and the penitentiary; investigate the industrial insurance companies, the money lenders, the instalment furni- ture dealers, and, finally, the matter of the surplus population, which is a most potent factor in produc- ing that class of persons which is dangerous to this community and must contaminate its health and prosperity. . .. The negro is with you for all time. He is what you will make him, and it is " up " to the white people to prevent him from becoming a criminal and to guard him against tuberculosis, syphilis, etc. If he is tainted with disease you will suffer; if he develops criminal tendencies you will be affected. You cannot observe these things without going where he lives in colonies in this city. Investigate them, and you will soon learn that if he desired to improve his sanitary conr dition he cotUd not do it. Observe the house he must live in; the food that he must eat, and learn of all his environments. This is no sentimental dissertation; it is a state- ment of cold-blooded facts that is of as much value to the whites as it is to the negroes.^ The cemetery is open. The mayor's report takes pains to say that, whereas the white portion has been beautified with trees and shrubs, the negro portion has been kept clean and in good condition, and fenced off and separated from the other by a new barbed wire fence, " making each portion distinctive." Here the Savannah negro's body is laid away after being poisoned to death. There is noth- > Mayor's Report, 1907, pp. 162-164. [176] A BACKGROUND FOB BLACK ing racial about it. Any one would die who had the same kind of experience. I know a Charleston alley lined with thirty-two negro tenement houses. In the midst of the alley, its sole source Charleston water supply, is an open dipping well, surrounded by a sixteen-inch curb. On this curb all the people of the thirty-two houses do their wash- ing. They dip into the well any dish that comes to hand, and any contaminated cup from any one of the thirty-two families might give disease to all; but specific contamina- tion would not make much difference, for the water in the well all leaches in from the near-by marshes which are dumping-grounds for the city filth. Further interesting facts about Charleston are set forth with rather muck- rakish fervor in a recent article by Samuel Hopkins Adams : In the matter of the cisterns, for instance. Charles- ton now has a good city water supply fairly free from contamination where it starts, and safely filtered be- fore it reaches the city. But a great many of " our best citizens " prefer their own cisterns, on the grand- father principle. These are underground, for most part, and are regularly supplied from the roof drain- age. Also they are intermittently supplied by leak- age from adjacent privy vaults, Charleston having a very rudimentary and fractional sewerage system. Therefore typhoid is not only logical but inevitable. I have no such revolutionary contempt for private rights as to deny the privilege of any gentleman to drink such form of sewage as best pleases him; but when it comes to supplying the public schools with this poison, the affair is somewhat different. Yet, as far as the Charleston Board of School Commissioners has felt constrained to go, up to date, is this : They [177] CHEISTIAN EEC0N8TEUCTI0N IN THE SOUTH have written to the city physician asking that oc- casional inspection " of the cisterns be made, and decorating their absurd request with ornamental platitudes. With sewage it is the s€«ne situation. There is, indeed, a primitive sewer system in part of the city, but any attempt to extend it meets with a determined and time-rooted opposition. The Charlestonians are afraid of sewer gas, but apparently have no fear of the filth which generates sewer gas ; said filth accumu- lated in Charleston's streets subject only to the at- tention of the dissipated-looking buzzards, which are one of the conservative and local features of the place. I have seen these winged scavengers at work. It is not an appetizing sight. ... Throughout the South figures and conditions alike are complicated by the negro problem. Southern cities keep a separate roster of mortalities, one for the whites, one for the blacks. In so far as they expect to be judged by the white rate alone, this is a manifestly unfair procedure, since, allowing for a certain racial excess of liability to disease, the negro in the South corresponds, in vital statistics, to the tenement dweller in the great cities. If New Orleans is to set aside its negro mortality, the death-rate among those living in the least favorable environ- ment. New York should set apart the deaths in the teeming rookeries east of the Bowery, the most crowded district in the world, and ask to be judged on the basis of what remains after that exclusion. New York, however, would be glad to diminish the mortality in its tenements. New Orleans, Atlanta, Charleston, or Savannah would be loath to diminish their negro mortality. That is the frank statement of what may seem a brutal fact.^ ' McChire's Magazine, vol. xxxi, pp. 250-251. [178] A BACKGROUND FOB BLACK If your mother, going out to work by the day, left you, an infant in the cradle, and a clumsy father, a careless Working elder sister, or a none too thoughtful neigh- Mothers and bor, had the care of you, you might not get I)yiiig Infants proper things to eat, nor at the proper time. You might die. You would then ornament a sta- tistical table, and be pointed out as a racial tendency; perhaps even charged up to the divine decrees. In pro- portion to population, more white women work in Fall River, Massachusetts, and more white babies die than anywhere else in the Union. The negro married woman is a breadwinner eight times as frequently as a white mar- ried woman, and her infants but follow the white's example. Thus the negro's phenomenal death-rate is largely a nec- essary consequence of the economic condition of his family. Part of the negro's excessive death-rate must certainly be credited to the mental effect of the sharp social tran- sition which he has undergone since his The Ecffects of • ■»:» j l i^j. Sudden Transi- emancipation. Freedom brought new re- tion, and of sponsibilities to which the race was unwonted, Disoouiage- the nation mcule no provision for the economic future of the ex-slave. He ceased to be a chattel only to become a pauper; but the death that he suffers as a poor man must not be credited to him as a negro. Its causes are social rather than racial. The nation needs to learn that men, including negroes, die for lack of hope. Depressed by their unequal struggle against poverty and social prejudices, many a black man loses all heart to live. Any one who has observed the feeble hold on life frequently exhibited by negro students will be convinced that the causes of death are largely men- tal. Life simply does not hold out sufficient incentive to keep breath in the body. Southern observers have fre- CHRISTIAN EECON8TEUCTION IN THE SOUTH quently noted the loss of cheerfulness since the emancipa- tion, and have credited it to the negro's incapacity to meet the responsibilities of freedom. To me it seems rather an unnecessary tragedy growing out of social prej- udice. It is the rebuff of his aspiration by the white man which discourages the negro to death. The part which vice plays in the death-rate is by no means to be minimized, and it has not been either by the Vice and the negro or his Northern friends. A majority l^eatina^ of the rejections of candidates for enlist- ment in the army was on account of venereal diseases. Immorality is an arch enemy of the race. Nevertheless, the zeal of the moral teacher may easily overstate the fact and miss the remedy. It will not do to assume that vice is a racial trait. Perhaps, like death, it may be traced to specific causes. However ominous, it is still preventable. Now when one subtracts the deaths which are due to poverty, to bad sanitation and to preventable diseases; The Racial those which are due to social hardships Residuum which brotherliness may overcome; and those which are due to vice which the race may conquer, how much is left as a general racial residuum indicating inferior physical stamina in the negro as such? With respect to America as a physical environment, I believe we should admit that his deficiency is partially racial, in that the negro is only partially adapted to it. The mouth of the Mississippi is eighteen hundred miles north of the mouth of the Niger — as far as from New Orleans to Manitoba. When any people cross an ocean, even on the same isotherm, the new country puts it through a physical sifting. There are new diseases as well as new social conditions. Every migration is a selective crisis; how much more a migration accompanied by an extreme [180] A BACKGROUND FOB BLACK climatic change as that from Africa to America? The race as a whole has not been here long enough to complete its physical sifting. Slaves still filtered in even to the out- break of the Civil War, and slavery, which sifted its vic- tims barbarously along other lines, screened them some- what from nature's stem work.^ No people has ever been saved wholesale, and the negro cannot expect to be, espe- cially as he expands his geographical range, as in his present rapid migrations. In the cities of the North, he is subject to a fierce climatic sifting. Thus his death- rate in Chicago and Newark is almost as bad as it is in the less sanitary Southern cities. Social causes of mortality are reenforced by geographical causes there. On the other hand, the negro already has a physical advantage in the hotter, moister, and lower parts of the South. With respect to these environments, it is the white man who is subject to a climatic sifting; and, of the two, the negro has probably the greater capacity for acclimatization. Ross thinks lack of adaptability a handicap, which the white man must ever bear in competing with black, yellow, or brown men,"* and calls our race "physiologically inelastic." Again, the sifting of the negro by his new responsi- bilities as freedman is equally inevitable. Brotherliness, we argue, could prevent some of the deaths from hopeless- ness, but no one can guarantee, nor should be led to expect, that the whole race should be able to adapt itself to the part of freemen in a strenuous civilization. Of Israel's captivity also it was written, " A remnant shall return." The conclusion would seem to be that social justice could cut down the excessive negro death-rate largely, but not entirely. > See Tfllinghast, The Negro in Africa and America, eh. W. ' Ross, The Foundations of Socidogy, p. 858. {181] CHRISTIAN RECONSTRUCTION IN THE SOUTH I am afraid that social justice, which is still lacking for the poor white, will not reach the negro very soon. As- The Physical suming only a slow and grculual improve- Future of the ment of conditions, what do the facts suggest Negro ag to the probable future of his race in America? Do they necessarily indicate the negro's ex- tinction here? Will justice come too late to save him? I do not think so. The present excessive death-rate might mean the creation of a new racial variety through natural selection and the survival of the stronger. If one alterna- tive is extinction, another equally good is the emergaice from this sifting of a better negro than the world ever saw before.^ Why is the Anglo-Saxon stronger than other races? What is the secret of his superiority? It is that so many of his race are dead. At some time in the past, and more than once, he had a highly excessive death-rate which killed off weaklings and left a stock stronger than the original variety. We have been sifted more frequently and more sternly than any other people ; consequently we, the remnant, are in some respects better than they. We could still be improved by the same grim method. Our race would be stronger if more of us were dead, but the con- science of Christendom revolts from such a policy of im- provement. By sanitation, medicine, philanthropy, the moral sense insists upon keeping alive the otherwise unfit. Enough suffering remains to wring our hearts biit not enough to better our stock. From the negro alone, hith- erto, have been withheld the remedial resources of .American civilization ; consequently his is probably the only Ameri- can group which is getting any constitutional good out of his tragedy. Its death-rate is actually so excessive that it may well be physically selective. Perhaps we should > Giddings, Independent, Febniaiy 14, 1006, p. 888. [182] A BACKGROUND FOB BLACK read in its grim statistics a story of the eyolution of a more resistant type which, instead of being exterminated, will help to people the nation with a posterity adapted both to our climate and to our civilization. This is at least as safe a prophecy as that of extinction. Add to this, too, that, if the white population continues to pros- per more rapidly than the negro, it will continue to be more subject to the decreased birth-rate which always fol- lows upon an advancing standard of living. With the in* creasing wealth of their fection. Southern whites, who hitherto have had large families, will commit race suicide, — and faster than the negro does. Thus the more re- sistant negro of the future may for a time multiply faster than the white and his race continue to bear as large a proportion in the general population as at present. At any rate, it is the part of common justice to eliminate all preventable social factors of the negro's physical inferi- ority, and with faith in both races to allow Providence to provide for the future. 2. The Negroes Precarious Ecorumic Position A fair and conservative statement of the facts as statis- tically indicated is given by Prof. W. F. Willcox: In the industrial competition thus begtm, the negro seems during the last decade to have slightly lost ground in most of those higher occupations in which the services are rendered largely to whites. He has gained in the two so-called learned professions of teachers and clergymen. He has gained in the two skilled occupations of miner or quarryman and iron or steel-worker. He has gained in the occupations, somewhat ill-defined so far as the degree of skill re- quired is indicated, as sawing-mill or planing-mill em- [183] CHRISTIAN EECONSTEUCTION IN THE SOUTH ployee, and nurse or midwife. He has gained in the class of servants and waiters. On the other side of the balance sheet he has lost ground in the South as a whole in the following skilled occupations: car- penter, barber, tobacco and cigar factory operative, fisherman, engineer or fireman (not locomotive), and probably blacksmith. He has lost ground also in the following industries, in which the degree of skill im- plied seems somewhat uncertain : laundry work, hack- man or teamster, steam railroad employee, house- keeper or steward. The balance seems not favorable. It suggests that in the competition with white labor to which the negro is being subjected he has not quite held his own.^ The racial interpretation of these facts is that the in- born indolence of Africa sleeps in the negro's blood. |
github_open_source_100_8_20057 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | //
// MultipeerConnectivity.swift
// Tinkoff-Homework
//
// Created by Кирилл Володин on 31.10.2017.
// Copyright © 2017 Кирилл Володин. All rights reserved.
//
import Foundation
import MultipeerConnectivity
protocol ICommunicator {
func sendMessage(string: String, to userID: String, completionHandler: ((_ sucsess: Bool, _ error: Error?) -> ())?)
weak var delegate : ICommunicatorDelegate? {get set}
var online: Bool {get set}
}
protocol ICommunicatorDelegate : class {
var communicator: ICommunicator {get set} //!!!
func didFoundUser(userID: String, userName: String?)
func didLostUser(userID: String)
func userDidBecome(userID: String, online:Bool)
func failedToStartBrowsingForUsers(error: Error)
func failedToStartAdvertising(error: Error)
func didReceiveMessage(text: String, fromUser: String, toUser: String)
// func getConversation(key: Int) -> ConversationElement
}
class MultipeerCommunicator:NSObject, ICommunicator {
private var sessions = [ String : MCSession ]()
private let peerID = MCPeerID(displayName: UIDevice.current.identifierForVendor?.uuidString ?? "volodin")
private var browser: MCNearbyServiceBrowser!
private var advertiser: MCNearbyServiceAdvertiser!
private let serviceType = "tinkoff-chat"
private let discoveryInfo = ["userName" : "mac"]
private let messageEvent = "TextMessage"
weak var delegate: ICommunicatorDelegate?
var online: Bool = true
override init() {
super.init()
advertiser = MCNearbyServiceAdvertiser(peer: peerID, discoveryInfo: discoveryInfo, serviceType: serviceType)
advertiser.delegate = self
advertiser.startAdvertisingPeer()
browser = MCNearbyServiceBrowser(peer: peerID, serviceType: serviceType)
browser.delegate = self
browser.startBrowsingForPeers()
}
deinit {
advertiser.stopAdvertisingPeer()
browser.stopBrowsingForPeers()
}
func createSession(forUser userID: String) -> MCSession {
if let session = sessions[userID] {
return session
} else {
let session = MCSession(peer: peerID, securityIdentity: nil, encryptionPreference: .none)
sessions[userID] = session
session.delegate = self
return session
}
}
// MARK: communicator
func sendMessage(string: String, to userID: String, completionHandler: ((Bool, Error?) -> ())?) {
guard let session = sessions[userID] else {
return
}
guard let message = createMessage(withText: string) else {
return
}
for peer in session.connectedPeers {
if peer != peerID {
do {
try session.send(message, toPeers: [peer], with: .reliable)
completionHandler?(true, nil)
} catch {
}
}
}
delegate?.didReceiveMessage(text: string, fromUser: UIDevice.current.identifierForVendor?.uuidString ?? "volodin", toUser: userID) //!!!
}
func createMessage(withText text: String) -> Data? {
guard let messageId = generateMessageId() else {
return nil
}
let messageJson = [
"eventType" : messageEvent,
"messageId" : messageId,
"text" : text
]
do {
let messageData = try JSONSerialization.data(withJSONObject: messageJson, options: [])
return messageData
} catch {
print("Error creating message json: \(error.localizedDescription)")
return nil
}
}
func generateMessageId() -> String? {
let string = "\(arc4random_uniform(UINT32_MAX))+\(Date.timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate)+\(arc4random_uniform(UINT32_MAX))".data(using: .utf8)?.base64EncodedString()
return string
}
}
// MARK: Session delegate
extension MultipeerCommunicator: MCSessionDelegate {
func session(_ session: MCSession, didReceive data: Data, fromPeer peerID: MCPeerID) {
print("didReceiveData: \(data)")
do {
guard let messageJson = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data, options: .allowFragments) as? [ String : String ] else {
print("Error parsing message json: eventType != \(messageEvent)")
return
}
guard messageJson["eventType"] == messageEvent else { return }
guard let messageText = messageJson["text"] else {
print("Error parsing message json: no text")
return
}
print("%@", messageJson)
delegate?.didReceiveMessage(text: messageText, fromUser: peerID.displayName, toUser: UIDevice.current.identifierForVendor?.uuidString ?? "volodin")
} catch {
print("Error parsing message json: \(error.localizedDescription)")
}
}
func session(_ session: MCSession, peer peerID: MCPeerID, didChange state: MCSessionState) {
switch state{
case .connected:
// delegate?.userDidBecome(userID: peerID.displayName, online: true)
break
case .connecting:
break
case .notConnected:
// delegate?.userDidBecome(userID: peerID.displayName, online: false)
break
}
}
func session(_ session: MCSession, didReceive stream: InputStream, withName streamName: String, fromPeer peerID: MCPeerID) {
}
func session(_ session: MCSession, didStartReceivingResourceWithName resourceName: String, fromPeer peerID: MCPeerID, with progress: Progress) {
}
func session(_ session: MCSession, didFinishReceivingResourceWithName resourceName: String, fromPeer peerID: MCPeerID, at localURL: URL?, withError error: Error?) {
}
}
// MARK: MCNearbyServiceBrowserDelegate
extension MultipeerCommunicator: MCNearbyServiceBrowserDelegate {
func browser(_ browser: MCNearbyServiceBrowser, lostPeer peerID: MCPeerID) {
print("%@", "lostPeer: \(peerID)")
sessions[peerID.displayName] = nil
delegate?.didLostUser(userID: peerID.displayName)
delegate?.userDidBecome(userID: peerID.displayName, online: false)
}
func browser(_ browser: MCNearbyServiceBrowser, foundPeer peerID: MCPeerID, withDiscoveryInfo info: [String : String]?) {
print("foundPeer: \(peerID)")
print("invitePeer: \(peerID)")
let session = createSession(forUser: peerID.displayName)
if !session.connectedPeers.contains(peerID) {
browser.invitePeer(peerID, to: session, withContext: nil, timeout: 30)
let userName = info?["userName"] ?? "Noname"
delegate?.didFoundUser(userID: peerID.displayName, userName: userName)
delegate?.userDidBecome(userID: peerID.displayName, online: true)
}
// delegate?.didFoundUser(userID: peerID.displayName, userName: userName)
}
func browser(_ browser: MCNearbyServiceBrowser, didNotStartBrowsingForPeers error: Error) {
print("didNotStartBrowsingForPeers: \(error)")
delegate?.failedToStartBrowsingForUsers(error: error)
}
}
// MARK: MCNearbyServiceAdvertiserDelegate
extension MultipeerCommunicator: MCNearbyServiceAdvertiserDelegate {
func advertiser(_ advertiser: MCNearbyServiceAdvertiser, didNotStartAdvertisingPeer error: Error) {
print("didNotStartAdvertisingPeer: \(error)")
delegate?.failedToStartAdvertising(error: error)
}
func advertiser(_ advertiser: MCNearbyServiceAdvertiser, didReceiveInvitationFromPeer peerID: MCPeerID, withContext context: Data?, invitationHandler: @escaping (Bool, MCSession?) -> Void) {
print("didReceiveInvitationFromPeer \(peerID)")
let session = createSession(forUser: peerID.displayName)
if !session.connectedPeers.contains(peerID) {
invitationHandler(true, session)
} else {
invitationHandler(false, nil)
}
}
}
|
github_open_source_100_8_20058 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | package ovs
import (
"context"
"errors"
"fmt"
"net"
"strconv"
"time"
appsv1 "k8s.io/api/apps/v1"
corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/types"
"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/log"
flowsv1alpha1 "github.com/netobserv/network-observability-operator/api/v1alpha1"
"github.com/netobserv/network-observability-operator/controllers/constants"
"github.com/netobserv/network-observability-operator/controllers/reconcilers"
)
type FlowsConfigOVNKController struct {
namespace string
config flowsv1alpha1.OVNKubernetesConfig
client reconcilers.ClientHelper
lookupIP func(string) ([]net.IP, error)
}
func NewFlowsConfigOVNKController(client reconcilers.ClientHelper, namespace string, config flowsv1alpha1.OVNKubernetesConfig, lookupIP func(string) ([]net.IP, error)) *FlowsConfigOVNKController {
return &FlowsConfigOVNKController{
client: client,
namespace: namespace,
config: config,
lookupIP: lookupIP,
}
}
// Reconcile reconciles the status of the ovs-flows-config configmap with
// the target FlowCollector ipfix section map
func (c *FlowsConfigOVNKController) Reconcile(
ctx context.Context, target *flowsv1alpha1.FlowCollector) error {
desiredEnv, err := c.desiredEnv(ctx, target)
if err != nil {
return err
}
return c.updateEnv(ctx, target, desiredEnv)
}
func (c *FlowsConfigOVNKController) updateEnv(ctx context.Context, target *flowsv1alpha1.FlowCollector, desiredEnv map[string]string) error {
rlog := log.FromContext(ctx, "component", "FlowsConfigOVNKController")
ds, err := c.getDaemonSet(ctx)
if err != nil {
return err
}
ovnkubeNode := reconcilers.FindContainer(&ds.Spec.Template.Spec, target.Spec.OVNKubernetes.ContainerName)
if ovnkubeNode == nil {
return errors.New("could not find container ovnkube-node")
}
anyUpdate := false
for k, v := range desiredEnv {
if checkUpdateEnv(k, v, ovnkubeNode) {
anyUpdate = true
}
}
if anyUpdate {
rlog.Info("Provided IPFIX configuration differs current configuration. Updating")
return c.client.Update(ctx, ds)
}
rlog.Info("No changes needed")
return nil
}
func (c *FlowsConfigOVNKController) getDaemonSet(ctx context.Context) (*appsv1.DaemonSet, error) {
curr := &appsv1.DaemonSet{}
if err := c.client.Get(ctx, types.NamespacedName{
Name: c.config.DaemonSetName,
Namespace: c.config.Namespace,
}, curr); err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("retrieving %s/%s daemonset: %w", c.config.Namespace, c.config.DaemonSetName, err)
}
return curr, nil
}
func (c *FlowsConfigOVNKController) desiredEnv(ctx context.Context, coll *flowsv1alpha1.FlowCollector) (map[string]string, error) {
cacheTimeout, err := time.ParseDuration(coll.Spec.IPFIX.CacheActiveTimeout)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
envs := map[string]string{
"OVN_IPFIX_TARGETS": "",
"OVN_IPFIX_CACHE_ACTIVE_TIMEOUT": strconv.Itoa(int(cacheTimeout.Seconds())),
"OVN_IPFIX_CACHE_MAX_FLOWS": strconv.Itoa(int(coll.Spec.IPFIX.CacheMaxFlows)),
"OVN_IPFIX_SAMPLING": strconv.Itoa(int(coll.Spec.IPFIX.Sampling)),
}
if coll.Spec.Agent != flowsv1alpha1.AgentIPFIX {
// No IPFIX => leave target empty and return
return envs, nil
}
// According to the "OVS flow export configuration" RFE:
// nodePort be set by the NOO when the collector is deployed as a DaemonSet
// sharedTarget set when deployed as Deployment + Service
switch coll.Spec.FlowlogsPipeline.Kind {
case constants.DaemonSetKind:
envs["OVN_IPFIX_TARGETS"] = fmt.Sprintf(":%d", coll.Spec.FlowlogsPipeline.Port)
case constants.DeploymentKind:
svc := corev1.Service{}
if err := c.client.Get(ctx, types.NamespacedName{
Namespace: c.namespace,
Name: constants.FLPName,
}, &svc); err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("can't get service %s in %s: %w", constants.FLPName, c.namespace, err)
}
// service IP resolution
svcHost := svc.Name + "." + svc.Namespace
addrs, err := c.lookupIP(svcHost)
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("can't resolve IP address for service %v: %w", svcHost, err)
}
var ip string
for _, addr := range addrs {
if len(addr) > 0 {
ip = addr.String()
break
}
}
if ip == "" {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("can't find any suitable IP for host %s", svcHost)
}
envs["OVN_IPFIX_TARGETS"] = net.JoinHostPort(ip, strconv.Itoa(int(coll.Spec.FlowlogsPipeline.Port)))
}
return envs, nil
}
func checkUpdateEnv(name, value string, container *corev1.Container) bool {
for i, env := range container.Env {
if env.Name == name {
if env.Value == value {
return false
}
container.Env[i].Value = value
return true
}
}
container.Env = append(container.Env, corev1.EnvVar{
Name: name,
Value: value,
})
return true
}
// Finalize will remove IPFIX config from ovn pods env
func (c *FlowsConfigOVNKController) Finalize(ctx context.Context, target *flowsv1alpha1.FlowCollector) error {
// Remove all env
desiredEnv := map[string]string{
"OVN_IPFIX_TARGETS": "",
"OVN_IPFIX_CACHE_ACTIVE_TIMEOUT": "",
"OVN_IPFIX_CACHE_MAX_FLOWS": "",
"OVN_IPFIX_SAMPLING": "",
}
return c.updateEnv(ctx, target, desiredEnv)
}
|
a5kmdf2wXH4_1 | Youtube-Commons-Whisper | CC-By | I don't know about you all, but I still feel demoralized and a little bit uneasy after watching the, you know, Crandor Really DNC convention and the horror show that was the RNC convention, but thankfully on Sunday we had a different sort of convention take place. The Movement for People's Party held there, People's Convention, and this is what I want to see. It featured prominent speakers such as the Great Cornell West, Nina Turner, Mary Ann Williamson, Mike Ravel, and the list goes on. Basically the goal of this was to bring people together to create a new People's Party, an alternative to the two party duopoly that we see that very clearly isn't doing an adequate job at representing us. Now, 85,000 people actually signed up to support this, so it's nice to see a lot of people kind of coalesce around this one big idea of, hey, the two party system isn't working out, so let's subvert that and create our own thing. Now, I want to tell you a little bit more about the People's Party, and then I also want to tell you about the origins, because this is really interesting. I'm sure a lot of you already know this, but this was originally the draft Bernie Movement, but it has morphed into the People's Party. But before we get to that, this was kind of their goal. Every four years, the two major parties have held their conventions with noisy fanfare but without any lasting and meaningful solutions to the severe challenges the American people face, and the challenges have become more severe every year. We are building a major new party that is genuinely of, by, and for the American people, one that will truly represent us and that aims to build the stronger, healthier, and more just society we all deserve. And that to me sounds incredible. So it's inspiring to see all of these people come together and say, we agree, we want the same thing. And I didn't watch all of it, I didn't get to watch it live, so I'm trying to catch up, but what I saw was far more substantive than the RNC and DNC conventions combined. So Kudos to Nick Brana. I actually brought him on my show in like, I think 2017 or 2018 when he was doing the draft Bernie Movement, but ultimately Bernie said no. So you know, the movement had to go somewhere, there's still a need for an alternative to the Democratic Party, and now it is the People's Party. So I'm going to share a couple of clips from some great moments. I mean, of course, I tuned in because I wanted to see Cornel West and Nina Turner speak and Mary Ann Williamson has quickly like risen up on my list of people who I really respect and admire, so her as well. So I'll kind of give you my highlights, my favorite moments, but what's interesting is that there was like almost no coverage of this in the mainstream media. When you have 85,000 people sign up for this event, like you'd think there would be some sort of coverage, but there wasn't much, but this is what I want. I want this to not just be a thing that is created. I want it to like be viable. I want it to work. So I want to kind of extend the message of this People's Party. Like, and let me just say, this was like a diverse group of people, like not just demographically speaking, I'm speaking like in terms of their ideology, some of them are voting for Joe Biden, like Cornel West, Mary Ann Williamson, they're going to vote for Joe Biden. So they're not saying exclusively we only want to go the third party route. But to me, what this established was the urgent necessity for an alternative to the Democratic Party. And I think that we need this. But in order for it to be successful, I want people to acknowledge that we have to put in the groundwork for this. We have to do some very specific things to make this happen. Because if we just like create a new party and we don't change the institutions, then ultimately nothing will come of it, right? Because we have third parties in this country. And currently they're more successful on the right than they are on the left. Like the Libertarian Party takes more from the Republicans than, you know, the Green Party takes from Democrats. So if this were to become a thing and the party was founded and they started to like run people for Congress and whatnot, then it would be really, really important for you to make sure that this party is viable. And the way that you do that is to push for electoral reform. And I've said this once, I will say it again. There is a bill, H.I. 4,000, that will make it much easier for all of us to get a third and fourth party, because it moves us away from the first past the post, Majoritarian Winner Take All system. And it institutes nationwide ranked choice voting, proportional representation. So rather than all of us just having one representative, we have two or three, maybe. So it's more proportional. And on top of that, it ends gerrymandering. And if you are not able to convince your lawmaker, as I couldn't to support this bill, then if you live in a state where you have ballot initiatives, what you can do is try to get ranked choice voting on the ballot. I mean, this happened in Maine and it was a game changer. You see a prominent Green Party figure running for the U.S. Senate, right? Lisa Savage, I brought her on my program. So we want this to be accompanied by electoral reform, because if you don't get electoral reform, then this party isn't going to be viable. It's not going to be viable. Like best case scenario, you get like 10, 20 percent of people in this party. But then that's not enough to actually take power. 10 to 20 percent in each district, even is not enough to actually assume power. So we have to make this party viable by getting electoral reform. That's step number one. Now, what we want is for not just third and fourth parties to become a thing in America, but we want them to be good parties, right? Because once you start to actually get power, what happens? Capitalism corrupts that institution. So let's say best case scenario, we get the People's Party in Congress and they represent like a third of voters. Well, once you start to get power, then that attracts special interests who then try to co-opt and corrupt that new power. So even if, let's say like the Green Party, if they actually started becoming really key players, if we got electoral reform, we would have to protect the viability of third parties in the sense that like they don't just become extensions of the Democratic Party or the Republican Party, like we'd want them to still be corporate free and represent the people. So you'd have to protect them from capitalism, essentially, and make sure that we campaign finance reform. We decommodify elections. So in order for this to work, we have to do a lot of things like, one, we need electoral reform and two, we have to make sure that these parties don't become shitty over time and we have to get money out of politics so that way they can't be co-opted and corrupted. Right. Now, if we were to get some sort of, you know, People's Party, if this actually worked, which I wanted to, but we didn't get electoral reform, what would we be looking at? Well, let's say, you know, it got 10 to 20 percent. Let's go with that figure that I was using earlier of the electorate. Well, as I stated, that wouldn't be enough to actually get power in many instances, and they would just be splitting votes with Democrats, which means that Republicans would win. So that's why we desperately need electoral reform, because it's not enough to just have like a People's Party, but we need this People's Party to be viable. Like we want members of the People's Party to actually make it to Congress. Right. That's the ultimate goal of this, to get power. But we have to make sure we get electoral reform and campaign finance reform. Otherwise, like we're doing all of this for nothing. Now, there is a world where it's a possibility that like the People's Party just becomes big enough to where they take away a chunk of voters from Democrats. And then, you know, that forces Democrats to come to the table and try to, you know, bring in the People's Party. But after seeing how stupid the Democrats are, like in that instance, let's say like the People's Party was taking away like 30 percent of Democratic Party voters and they were losing every election. I still think that Democrats wouldn't come to the table. I think they just say, you know, this People's Party is worse than Republicans because they're helping them win, yada, yada, yada. Like we've learned that Democrats are not going to make any changes. Like they're going to vote shame because that's better to them. That works better than actually getting ranked choice voting because if they were to promote ranked choice voting, well, then that would stop the spoilage issue that they're so concerned with. But that also threatens their power because then third and fourth parties might become viable. So, you know, I don't think Democrats will ever come to the table with any sort of third party. It'd be really unlikely because they're just they're stupid. They're dense. They've showed us that they're not going to want to do anything. So we have to make sure that we make this party viable and we don't rely on the Democratic Party to make them come to the table and meet with us and become viable because we're going to be waiting forever. That's never going to happen. Democrats are too stupid to do anything. They don't care about winning or losing elections. So if we eat up like a sizable chunk of their electorate with the People's Party, they don't give a fuck. They don't care because then they're just going to try to fundraise more to their corporate donors. So we have to make sure that we fight for electoral reform. Now, look, I understand people are anxious and they don't want to do this crucial step of getting electoral reform. I feel you, right? Duverger's law is a thing, but it's not like a written like codified law. It just suggests that, you know, in these more majoritarian first pass the post, want to take all systems. Most of the times you're going to see just two parties and those parties are going to be pre milk toast, pretty centrist in most instances. Now, this isn't like a universal thing. I mean, South Africa has proportional representation. Their institutions actually are theoretically conducive to multiple parties, but they have like one prominent party and see that wins every single time, right? And even when you get electoral reform as Japan did, that still might change one election or two elections. But then things kind of just go back to normal. So it's really, really tough. Now, back in 2016, I told myself, OK, listen, I think that people are just so frustrated with Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump. It's possible that so many people vote for the Green Party. That we get five percent and that five percent leads to federal funding, right? And that makes the Green Party real players. But Jill Stein got one percent, which was baffling to me because still, even like with Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump going up against each other and you have someone like Jill Stein who's bringing ideas to the table like student debt cancellation and a Green New Deal, which are now popular in the Democratic Party, people rejected her because it's not just about like the institutions and majoritarian winner take all systems. Like I've learned after 2016 that like this two party duopoly, like it's something that's embedded in our DNA. Like people culturally just won't vote for anything other than the Democratic or Republican parties. They won't like it. Just they have to pick one or the other. And even if we got electoral reform, I still don't necessarily know if we can nudge them in the correct direction. But what we can do if we got ranked choice voting is defang their arguments, right? People oftentimes who are theoretically more inclined to support a third party, they don't want to vote for a Green Party person. If that means that the Democrat, who's more likely to win, ends up losing. So they want to stop Republicans from winning. Therefore, they vote for Democrats. That's what a lot of people do. It's called strategic voting rather than sincere voting. But if we had ranked choice voting nationwide, then we could explain to them how now it doesn't actually hurt you to vote for a Green Party candidate or a People's Party candidate. You can vote for a third party and rank your choices. So if you want to vote for Howie Hawkins is number one, that's fine. You just choose Joe Biden as your number two and you make sure that, you know, you vote your heart and your conscience, but the worst person who you don't want to win doesn't win. Like you're not enabling them by splitting votes. Like this is this is really important because they're not going to buy it. If we just say, you know, hey, we have a third party vote for us. They like we've learned after 2016, it's going to be one of the two parties, the duopoly, they're not even going to try to give the Greens 5 percent. Right. So what I want is for the People's Party to be a thing that's viable. So if you support this and I don't know who doesn't support this, because whoever like can't see the need for an alternative to the Democratic and Republican parties, like I don't get that. I don't understand you. But I think most people who are watching know that there's a need for this. We need a People's Party and I'm glad this came together. So what we have to do now is put in the groundwork. Like this is a grassroots movement, right? This is the formation of a People's Party. So that means you put in work, you push for electoral reform, you push to make sure we get campaign finance reform to decommodify elections. So this new institution that we build, if we make it viable, doesn't get corrupted in the same way that Democrats become corrupted. But with that being said, like overall, like it's nice to watch this and like listen to intelligent people speak who have more than just platitudes. Like if you follow this, like if you tuned into it, like it's honestly therapeutic in a way. And again, I haven't watched all of it yet, but like it's therapeutic because you see people saying the same exact thing and it feels like you're not crazy anymore when you watch this, right? Like you see people who actually care about policy and that's refreshing, which it shouldn't be because if you're in politics, like if you follow politics, that should be like what you focus on. But I mean, not in 2020 America. So having said all of that, I'm rooting for the People's Party. I want to help the People's Party. We all have to help the People's Party to make sure that if this does become a thing, I don't know what like what's involved with creating a new party, but like we have to get electoral reform to make sure we don't only just have a majoritarian system and we have to make sure that we have electoral reform or campaign finance reform. We have to have those two things to make this actually successful and not just be like some fringe party, like we want to push this into the mainstream. That's the ultimate goal, of course. So electoral reform, campaign finance reform. But having said all of that, I'll shut up now and let the people who attended this, who are brilliant, speak. These are my favorite parts from the convention. Capitalism doesn't separate itself from racism. You cannot fix something that was built to be broken. We have to shatter the systems that oppress us and rebuild everything for all of us. The audacity of both parties in this country to say we cannot avoid universal health care when Democrats and Republicans both fund our war machine. Well, guess what? It's time for us, the people to be audacious. I'm sure you've all noticed that the two party system is not working for everybody. In fact, it's only working for corporate America and the wealthy elites. They fear the third party more than anything else. And guess who knows that from experience? You're looking at him. See, they think we're stupid. They think we're stupid. They think we're afraid. How are we ever going to stop the racial injustice crisis when both parties are in the pockets of the for-profit prison industry? How are we ever going to stop the cost of health care crisis and the lack of health care crisis when both parties are in the pockets of big pharma and the giant insurance companies? How are we ever going to stop the economic inequality crisis when both parties are in the pockets of the billionaire class? There have been people in every generation that have taken the wheel, had pushed back against the forces that were transgressing against our principles and did what it took to get this country back on track. It is simply our turn. |
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jstor-20650241_1 | German-PD | Public Domain | ÜBER DEN NORDISCHEN DATIV. In keiner Sprache ist so viel dativische Verbindung als in der altnordischen, wo durch die Gebiete der übrigen Fälle, namentlich des Akkusativs, so bedeutend beschränkt wurden, dass in zwei Dialekte sogar formell der Dativ im personalen Pronomen (schwed. honom, dän. ham) den Akkusativ verdrängte. Early Journal Content on JSTOR, Free to Anyone in the World This article is one of nearly 500,000 scholarly works digitized and made freely available to everyone in the world by JSTOR. Known as the Early Journal Content, this set of works include research articles, news, letters, and other writings published in more than 200 of the oldest leading academic Journals. The works date from the mid-seventeenth to the early twentieth centuries. We encourage people to read and share the Early Journal Content openly and to tell others that this resource exists. People may post this content online or redistribute in any way for non-commercial purposes. Read more about Early Journal Content at http://about.jstor.org/participate-jstor/individuals/early- journal-content. JSTOR is a digital library of academic Journals, books, and primary source objects. JSTOR helps people discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content through a powerful research and teaching platform, and preserves this content for future generations. JSTOR is part of ITHAKA, a not-for-profit Organization that also includes Ithaka S+R and Portico. For more Information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. gänzlich verdrängte und in dessen Stelle eintrat, dieses Übergewicht des dativs im nordischen Salzbau kommt zum Teil schon daher dass er, wie Grimm auch für die übrigen deutschen Dialekte zuerst umfassend und mit klaren Unterscheidungen aufgewiesen hat, zugleich instrumental ist, viel mehr indessen hat es seinen Grund in der noch lebendigeren, weit weniger abstrakten Fassung der Handlung, die wenn sie in der Fülle ihrer tatsächlichen Verrichtungen betrachtet wird, das als Instrument darstellt was der abstrakteren Fassung zum Objekt herabgesetzt ist, und die oft was uns als nächstes Objekt herangerückt ist, noch als entfernteres hat, wofür und woran die Handlung geschieht, dercu näheres sächliches Objekt noch mitgedacht wird, so fordert begrüßen, willkommen heißen, unterhalten bei uns den acc. des Objekts, allein im nordischen hat heilsa, Jagna, skemta den dativ nötig, sofern bei dem begrüßen das Heil sagen gedacht wurde, bei dem Empfangen die Freude haben und ausdrücken, und skemta ist die Zeit kürzen, endlich diente auch das den Gebrauch des dativs zu vermehren, dass im nordischen die impersonale Wendung bei Zuständen und Veränderungen, die nicht oder nicht allein vom handelnden Menschen abhängen, der persönlichen in einem Umfang vorgezogen wird, dem wir nicht nachkommen können, den vielleicht keine alte Sprache theilt. — die hauptsächlichen Erkenntnisse auf diesem Gebiet sind allerdings in der deutschen Grammatik Grimms aufgenommen und erläutert; dennoch durfte wohl statt einer Nachlese das ganze der dativregel darzustellen, teilweise um zu zeigen wie viel die nordische Prosa davon bis auf die gegenwärtig erhalten hat, wie viel sie dem Stand der Eddasprache noch hinzufügt, teilte um den Zusammenhang verfolgen zu können, den die auch uns gemeinsamen Konstruktionen mit den dort eigentümlichen, nicht in die deutsche Grammatik aufgenommenen haben. — Benutzt sind hier, aufser der Sosm. Edda (Kopenh. ausg.), den Fornaldar-, Fornmanna- und Islendingar sönget (Fa. Fm. Isl.) und der Heimskringla (Hmskr.), von anderem Alter denkmälern besonders das Speculum regale oder Konungs-skuggsyn (Kon. Konsk.), die Leges Gulathingenses (Gulap.), die Norges gamle Love (N. Love) und das Altnordische Lesebuch (N. L.); von neuere Zeit war mir zur Hand Tidendi fra Alpingi Islendinga, Reykjavik 1845 (Alp.); Þjóðólfur Kaupm. 1845; NyJöfelagsrit 7da ár 1846 (N. F.): Bóðskrá til ad helvda æ. í Bessastaður skóla: Íslendingamálshættir, sáfnar . . af H. Scheving, Víðeyarklaustrí 1843 (Isl. málsh.) und eine in sechs ähnlichen Einladungsprogrammen gegebene Übersetzung der Odyssee von Sveinbjörn Egilsson, Víðeyarkl. 1829 — 1840 (Od.). — Die Verba, welche einen Dativ oder Instrumentalis regieren, lassen sich zwar nach Gruppen zusammenstellen, die durch die Verwandtschaft ihrer Bedeutungen gegeben sind, allein nirgend ist ein bestimmter allgemeiner Inhalt des Begriffs der diese Aktion fordert, sondern stets eine besondere Gestalt, es ist die Form der Ausbildung, welche die Konstruktion bedingt, da oft bei gleicher Kategorie der Bedeutung in verschiedenen Verbformen verschiedene Fälle möglich sind, je nach der Art, wie sie zu der Bedeutung gekommen sind. Der eigentliche dativ, der überall weit über das Verhält- nis des gebens und nehmens hinausgeht, läfst sich zwar für die meisten falle richtig als der casus des entfernteren objects, mit rücksicht auf welches eine handlung oder ein zustand be- steht, bestimmen, doch ist diese erklärung weder umfafsend, noch geht sie auf den ursprünglichen sinn des dativs zurück, viele datiwerhältnisse sind enger als eine blofse rücksicht ist, und wie der accusativ nicht zur ersten bedeutung die geistige des objects hat, so kann der älteste sinn des dativs nicht ÜBER DEN NORDISCHEN DATIV. 25 der gewesen sein, das entferntere objeet zu bezeichnen, man hat schon richtig gefordert für alle casus eine sinnlich an- schauliche und zwar eine räumliche bedeutung zu suchen, ört- lich gefafst ist nun der genitiv der fall des ausgehens, der aecusativ der fall des treffens, der dativ enthält den ort, nach dem ich mich wende, ist weder ein casus der ruhe noch ein casus der bewegung, kann aber auf beides angewendet wer- den, und steht ebenso dem zustande wie der handlung frei, daher auch intransitiva diesen allgemeinen casus annehmen können, diese Wendung kann nun auch eine Zuwendung der gedanken bei einer handlung sein, und so wird der dativ der des nutzens oder Schadens, der casus der absieht überhaupt und des entfernteren objeets, mit rücksicht worauf gehandelt wird. Zuweilen kann man zweifelhaft sein, ob man dativ oder Instrumentalis vor sich hat, z. B. bei schlafen, aufhören, beendigen, denkbar ist uns: ich höre mit der Sache auf, ich schlief mit dem Werk, ich schlief mit der Tür, so gut als ich schlief das Werk, die Tür. Aber die Vorstellung kann auch gewesen sein, ich entziehe mich der Sache, dem Werk, ich ziehe der Tür den Riegel vor. So ist mir auch der Dativ bei Lüften aufheben zweifelhaft gewesen; da es von Lüften stammt und unsere Lungen, Luft machen gleicht, so kann Lüften aufheben eigentlicher Dativ sein, es wird aber auf die Vorstellung des Schwingens zurückgehen und dann ist es Instrumentalis, solche Fälle gibt es noch mehrere, sie können weder durch Demonstration noch durch Analogie völlig entschieden werden, da innerhalb derselben Begriffskategorie verschiedene Verb verschiedene Casus haben können; erst das gibt den Ausschlag, wenn sie auch in Dialekten die noch formellen Instrumentalis haben, damit gefunden werden, unter den sicheren Dativen stelle ich diejenigen voran, welche der sinnlichen räumlichen Auffassung noch am nächsten stehen, indem sie noch nicht eine Bewegung, sondern nur eine Wendeung nach einem gewissen Ziel hin enthalten. 1. Der Gegenstand des Zieles, worauf man deutet oder wogegen gewendet man sich bewegt, hat den blossen Dativ bei sich, beugen gegen jemand: ich beuge mich jemandem zugekehrt: palaut hanum Kon. 725, laut kon- ginnum 721, stod upp ok hneigdi hanum 749. ferner bei gegna und sva, so wie bei ganga, fara, korna und ähnlichen, bei den letzteren jedoch nur noch in solchen bezeichnungen der Wendung die als präpositionen fast erstarrt sind, wie brautu der strafe zugewendet, moti nach der begegnung zielend, kringum zur entstehung von Kreisen, millurn nach den mittleren theilen zu, gegnum nach der Gegenseite, durch; ein dativ den sonst nur ein zusammengesetztes Verbum hat: er allcit iolunum NL. 100''. selbst die bestimmteren Verba der zuerst genannten Art sind schon auf gewisse Verbindungen eingeschränkt, pat mun tidendum gegna Hmskr. 2, 10, das wird auf grosse Begebenheiten sich bewenden; ok mun lidendum gegna um pinar ferðir Isl. 2, 127, störtidendum boetti iner ega at gegna, er tignir menn lata ser sva mikils fæbend. 2, 128. räd nokkut, er oss mun üllu gegna ebend. 2, 55, besonders deutlich ist skal hø'f'od bitt ok hals gegna manna talam Kon. 540; mehr kommen zu: at undrum gegndi med svartri svælju Fa. 3, 424. fellu nu sva sniott Euglismenu, at mörgum hundrudum gegndi Fa. 3, 356. hverju gegnir pat was hat das zu bedeuten Sn. Edd. 80. Fm. 1, 76. spurdi konungur pá hverju gegndi, at hann kom eigi til tida Fm. 2, 163. daher hat auch gegnt gegenüber den dativ nach sich, hvi gegnir nü Sig. 3, 25. ähnlich ist Bedeutung und Konstruktion von sva geworden: eigi pat er tidindum sva tti Hmskr. 2, 311, nichts was grosse Begebenheiten zu bedeuten hätte; forvitni, hvi pat skremsi Glums. c. 2. pvi sattir pat Fa. 2, 207. hvi sva tir J)inni pirfd, et pu ferr mik at hitta Fa. 1, 197. ok spurdi hve smtti, at hann var nangut kominn Fm. 197. 5, 235. Nockurum raunum sißla Od. 3, 45. Hvort pat muni svt a hyggindum Alp. 346 (auf verstand hinweisen), dagegen benda andeuten ist m. acc. construiert AQ. 8 : hvat hyggr pü brubi benda. Häufig sind die Belege für möti, burtu u. s. w. Wofür i möti, at möti, i burtu als später, die acc. möt, burt als gleich alt in verschiedener Auffassung gelten müssen : möti komma Gröugaldr 3. gengit möti Gl. c. 6. möti masla Fa. 3, 283. föru brautu Fm. 1, 201. burtu Fa. 3, 265. sneru slafn hati (dem Meere zu) Orkn. s. 218. Dahin gehört auch wohl sneri mannfallinu Fa. 1, 145. 2, 399, es wendete sich zur Niederlage ; so wie er boendom kom pingbod, als zu den Wohnungen das thiuggebot kam Hmskr. 2, 260. — kotna bygdum zu Wohnung kommen irgendwo Isl. 2, 364 kann instrumental sein. Einsehen gegen, auf etwas ist dasachten worauf, es heifst daher gefas gaum at pvi N. Love 1, 214 und zwar bald geyma taflit Fa. 3, 392, bald geyrnir geita minna 3, 383, aber auch noch eg geymi vier Alb. 1845 s. 127. Beständig ist es jedoch nur bei varäa : Haralds vardar bürger hiörvi NL. 37 b . för skal madr varäa ypnu Gutal. §. 19, 58. — vardar bat miklu Fm. 2, 158. Konsk. 384. 355 u. o. 2. Nächster dem Ziel auch der Gegenstand der Anweisung, normal die Person oder Sache, worauf gewendet man das Ziel bestimmt, die Verba des Wissens, Ablehnens, Anweisens, Anordnens, Verteilens, Teilens haben ihr Objekt im Dativ. Visar honum til skögs N. Les. 156. enn leysingjom sinom visadi bann sumom i sillDgski, enn sumom til annara fangna Hmskr. 2. 22. ok visade honom allt försvar. 2, 385. visade honom till nöje Isl. 336. Fm. 3, 80. visar han på det bättre till förmån för fränder sin nöje Isl. 1, 345. — var männen ombord i sitt skip Orkn. 186. och eg är nu så gammal att jag kan här ge stämning att skipa Frida. 111. skipade sinom mänorna Orkn. s. 182 (hier jedoch auch skipade geimasset Fa. 3, 262). — nu ska skälla lida mina i målingar Fa. 2, 300. har var landinna skild (geteilt) i fyrdelning N. L. 115 b . skulle eg inte vilja låta dugu sundskildning barninna Kon. 735 (delar). ska skildas med oss allt Fa. 3, 461. fylkje liden N. L. 94 a . är mycket här skyldig fylkje N. L. 69\ att Hringr hade svindyr fylkje allt liden Fa. 1, 380. — medvigande dela Sig. Qu. 3, 44. höfnad (ebend.) 35. — attidurögd (anordnad) ordning Forsp. s. 36. skickade hanu fylkningum sinum Fa. 3, 337. så även anordna: hänga hverju han ska hänga klädningarna sinum Kon. 433. så ska vera hänga ingången dörren vänner Fm. 1, 16. härdade (einrichten) kälvadabladet ska du ägna mycket tid på att ha svett harligt Kon. 286. på verdens då så att hädan dagarna (einrichten) bankorna (unna) Kon. 289. hädan ser Fa. 2, 228. så var härdad häftigt Fa. 1, 17. så även utbjuta (vertere) utbytte (byter) beim braudt Od. 4, 35. som kurz vorher dela öllt släktvän i sitt hus. natürlich fallen eben hierher die entgegengesetzten Begriffe des absprechens und verdenkens, wozu auch das verweigern, verbieten, nehmen gerechnet werden kann, die meisten dieser Verba bedürfen keiner Beispiele. bemerkenswert sind aus der ersten Reihe grüßen, wenn es durch heilsam ausgedrückt wird, heilsam bonum Fa. 1, 216. 2, 340. heilsam för'dur si- num Fm. 3, 194, wobei heilsam k konung Fm. 1, 16. gegen quedja grüßen hat stets acc. bei sich, jenes aber ist gedacht als heil zusprechen. — ferner hat wie das kundmachen so das lehren stets dat. der Person: svä at ntönnum va?ri heyrum kunt (in vulgus notum) N. Love 1, 233. slikkt kennir mer at sofa litit (lehrt mich) Fa. 2, 56. kenn per ok at hylja pik vel med skildi hinum (lehre, über dich) Konsk. 377. Einladen, bestellen zu etwas und vor Gericht fordern hat die Person stets im dativ, mag es durch Bild oder durch Stellna gegeben sein, es ist vorgestellt als ansprechen oder zu sprechen um etwas: als ein anrufen, denn es wurde auch vom Vieh gebraucht: pas skal fenadi öllom oc svinom heim bioda Gulab. s. 385. pvi budu menn peim N. L. 160 h . ok band til sin koma hæðjum, er maetti Fa. 3, 285. budu peir menn henni meist heim Ant. An. 104. pvi skulud bioda hindra v'ölvunni Fa. 2, 163. at Glömr baud möanum til sin, ok sendi menn upp til Oxnadalsheims at bioda beim broedrum heim Isl. 2, 397. — ok stefna menn til sin öllum bygdarmönnum Fm. 4, 144. ok stefna öllum hessum her til Svíðmanna Fa. 2, 397. stefna mönum til pings Fa. 1, 453. ok stefna Gestum um vígi Styrsnir Isl. 1, 331. so auch kenna (verklagen), eigentlich schuld geben: kenna bonda sinum pönna Isl. 1, 320. zu stefna ist zu vergleichen er bar likast, at sega kalla at mer N. L. 173*. var pä bæsti saman hirdinni 125 b . all bæsti allri hirdinni Fa. 3, 581. Anreisen, hetzen, in Lauf setzen kann bei etja und bei ta auf die Vorstellung des gebens zurückgeführt werden, falls der ursprüngliche Sitz der Wörter in der Behandlung der Jagdthiere (Hunde, Falken) ist, wie gesagt hundun N. L. 158. ÜBER DEN NORDISCHEN DATIV. Tliä" er etja hundadom Fa. 2, 237. etja jöfrum (die Königin) N. L. 25". velom bei ta Sig. Qu. 1, 40. beitta egipa Slutn välum og allri minni rädksköp Od. 3, 18. wie hleypja vom Landlauf, so wird flota vom Seelauf gebraucht und erklärt. Flottet var skipnum Fm. 2, 107. Möglich wäre dass in beiden letzten fallen der dativ instrumental gefasst wäre, zwei-felhaft ist dies ebenfalls bei beeilen, in den verbis hvata (hvatja hat stets acc. wie auch eggja anreizen) skunda und ßjta: hvata göngunni Sn. Edd. 12. hvata bessu Isl. 2, 64. flijtta ek ferdinni Fa. 3, 390. hrada ser i burtu Isl. 1, 339. Þä sliundadi hann ferd sinni Kon. 117. Hier kann gedacht sein ich eile mit der fahrt, zögern, verzögern hat dagegen den acc. hiörbvong dvalo H. Q. 2, 46. doch, ef pvi seinum Lektarvísan str. 39. Rathen, herschen; walten, verursachen, steuern, rada, fadir minn reedr vedratlu pessari Fa. 3, 506. munn ÞaT valda pessum ofridar stormi N. L. 122 1 '. rada landi, bygdum rdda N. Les. 35". pa latom pvi [d]arfar rdda 12°. auch mit fyrir, er fyrir skipunum redi Fa. 2, 366. auch in der bedeutung erlangen: Alfr mun sigri rdda H. Q. I, 39. Haraldr red pvi, at hann var i orrostu N. L. 167''. Odinn pvi veldr, at ek Þrynh. Qu. 1,2. hvat ylli okyrrleika heim Fa. 3, 213. Oeljom styra N. L. 14 b . hverjo gedi styrir gumma hven HAv. 18. hier fast so viel als besitzen. Zudenken, bestimmen: bat er atlat brodr pinum Orkn. 144. hyggia Fa. 2, 468. honum fyrirhyggja Fa. 2, 310. Ímt hefir liufom hugat. Hav. 40. Absprechen, versagen, verweigern, syrja mit dat. der pers. und gen. der sache: ok vildi pigi synfa henni vistar Fa. 1, 128. ofverja mit dat. der pers. und der sache, meyjar dstom rauna per verða, visi gestr oj'uarip Alvism. str. 8. afsegja dat. der pers. und acc. der sache: Þa skal hann afsegja hunom bat bord Kon. 801. Verdenken, verargen und daher verhindern ist wohl die Bedeutung von mein. Pflicht. viel. ek. pö. ekki. mein. Per, at. Far. Hvert. Pu. Vilt. Fa. 2, 235. vergl. Sig. Q 3, 41. 4. Der gegenständ, den ich zusage, verheiße, bejahen und verneinen, nicht nur die Person, der es geschieht, man könnte meinen, diesen zweiten dativ instrumentals aufzufassen zu dürfen, da sich denken lässt, ich spreche einem mit der Sache zu, ich verheiße mich einem mit der Sache. Allein das ver- heißen ist nicht mehr einfaches Sprechen, und das verheissene ucht dessen Instrument, auch sagt man nicht ja, einen mit einer Sache, sondern zu einer Sache. Vielmehr entsteht durch bejahung wie durch verheißung eine Verbindlichkeit, ebenso gegen die Sache als gegen die Person: Ich verbinde mich einer Person zu einer Leistung. Auch hat schon das einfache ant- worten nicht nur diese Person, sondern auch die Sache, Rede, der ich antworte, im dativ bei sich, und so bleibt es wenn das antworten zum sich verbindlich machen wird. Daher ist auch der letzte ein wirklicher dativ, was sich auch darin zeigt dass ein wirklicher instrumentalis hinzutreten kann, ef pit heit pvi med svanlnga N. Les. 165 b. fb'gro skaltu heita etwas schönes sollst du versprechen Häv. 132. hetu houum tränaäi Langenb. 2, 278. hat lionum aj arkostum N. Les. 118 b. honum er heitit ko?iunni ebend. 81 b. — ok lofadi hvort öilru sinni tru Fa. 3, 215. ok hermed skulu vid idta hvort ödru tru sinni N. Les. 1 18 b. pöft nid iätid sliku Fa. 2, 402. — - en Eyvindr neitti pvi öl/u präliga N. Les. 165 b. ullir neitudu jrvi pverliga Fa. 1, 216. en eiki neita eg hinu, ad. Alping. 1845. s. 451. — ebenso verhält es sich mit dem vollständigen Akveda und neikva;la : enn yastes drottning neikveedi bod-ordi Kongs. Kon. 461. doch hier findet sich auch acc. des objekts, at hann hafdi iäkviedi henni pessa boen Kon. 772. fyrir bat er hann neikvieddi (nikvaddi) pal viturliga ib. selbst iatta nimmt den acc. an, wenn es in die Bedeutung bekennen übergeht, iatta hann Guili allar afgerdir Magn.Sag. c. 25. — an das verneinen schliefst sich das verweigern mit seinem dativ des gegenständes an, wie in dem obigen meinung astom mun per verda ofvarip. — entsprechen, nachkommen einem dinge und daher für eine Leistung stehen ist svara z. b. svara stom Gulaping 21, 114. febotum Isl. 1, 340. midi überhaupt 2, 349. 5. Der Gegenstand, welcher an das Licht gebracht oder verborgen wird, daher auch offenbaren und eingestehen nebst ÜBER DEN NORDISCHEN DATIV. 31 Lügen und verheimlichen, geheim halten, den dativ der Sache bei sich haben, es ist der sogenannte dativus commodi und incommodi, denn die Vorstellung ist, wie sich aus parallelen Konstruktionen zeigen lässt, ich mache hell einem Dinge, oder über einem Dinge; ich hülle über einem Dinge, was im hebräischen die herrschende Verbindung dieser Verba mit «/(über) ist, auch wenn sie beschirmen bedeuten, auch werden nicht alle synonyme so konstruiert (birta hell, kund machen, skira klar machen, fcla, hylja, verbergen haben den acc), sondern vorzüglich Ist, ganga via, liuga, leyna. — neben at menn hafa list vigum Glumr. c. 25. lysa skal jardarbrigi ä xx vetrum N. Love I, 238. ok lysir eigi für sinni ebend. 103. Helius, er lysir hinum daudlegi minnum, der den sterblichen leuchtet Od. 3, 27, Gudet sich ljosti hunn yßr Jni Fa. 2,344. in sinnlicher Bedeutung aber auch der Akk., wenn es nur erleuchten oder zeigen heißt, liegt hinter aller Kon. 63. Lysir hiefür alle tägliche Kon. 63. Lysir norkorn Mann, um Pennsylvania Land Hmskr. 2, 34. — gingen viele Virginia N. Les. 57. anlügt peim Ssemdum ä mik, er ek vinu eiki til Fa. 3, 289 (erlügen, anlügen), hvi mun ek pvi liuga ä mik Glum. c. 14. m'örgu If/gr sä margt lalar Isl. Malsh. s. 38. — at leyna honum Fa. 2, 376. leyna konunginn pessu N. Les. 60. ok segir at hann vil eg leyna hann silncum tidinclum Langb. 2, 278. byrgja, nema Jórháinn byrgi honum Isl. 2, 295. Isl zwar versorgen, so wie byrgja, helfen, retten, beides beruht aber auf der Vorstellung schirmen, decken, bergen. Der gegenstand dem man sich nähert und entfernt. Daher auch begegnen und weichen, zurückweichen vor etwas im nordischen dem dativ erfordern, an das Nahes reiht sich hier das Erreichen, Erlangen mit der forderung des dativs, dem Entfernenden folgt das Mangeln und Fehlen, jedoch nicht in allen dafür gangbaren ausdrücken, auffallend wird auch sich Näheren und Entfernenden mit dem acc. verbunden, sobald das sich mit ausgedrückt ist, da ndlgas und firras den acc. nötig haben, wahrscheinlich ist hier ursprünglich das sich dativisch gefasst und die Vorstellung umgekehrt sibi rem np-propinquare, removere. Das Einfache na zeigt immer schon die Bedeutung Erreichen, ädr enn peir haß landi näil Konsk. 175. vildi nä hir-tinuin Fa. 3, 273. ok näir bessari meyju mer til handa Fa. 3, 267. so auch bei hahla erhalten, bott ek haß eiki frettum fyrir haldit Fa. 3, 267. natürlich hat das adj. und adv. Näcer stets den dativ, so wie auch im comp, und sup. Närvaro var ydr nu farit Fa. 3, 289. nur eine scheinbare Ausnahme macht nötig Heljar ganga N. Les. V. A. h, denn da ist Hauf zu denken, vergl. al Öegis, heima at fedir mins Fa. 1, 192. — das nordische firra geht mit dem dativ verbunden in der Bedeutung berauben über, hat aber offenbar auch so zunächst entfernen bedeutet, hon firrir bik flezto gamni Sig. 1, 29. ähnlich nema : aldri Gudr. 2, 32. entfernt: fiarlsegr mer Fa. 3, 278. vammi firda iprott N. L. 31*. getrennt: fräskildr honum Fa. 3, 277. en ef bondi hennar vili firra hana hei- munfylgio sinni Gulap. 228. dies kann erklären, wie stela und rwna hier auch in Prosa stets den dativ des gegenständes nach sich haben : As er stolinn hamri Thrymsqu. 1 . el madr stelr pvi er aett er N. Les. 67 1 '. er hann slikan konung sigri rmnti Fa. 2, 45. ver skulum lydi lifi rwna Fa. 3, 461. hundred percent the same, but eigi fa. 3, 384. — hann hefir svtpt sial- fan sig allri huggum af gods ordi Alp. 1845. s. 525. ad svipta ombudstömmen . . pessma hengadi ebend. s. 132. — nachtr heir urdu ok nwmir hvívetía Sol. 9. so auch heng- ginn miklo Grimn. 50. — dies die gewöhnliche konstruktion, man sagte auch rena at vopnum Fa. 1, 42 v i. — als ein sich entfernen — von einem eigentümlichen — mag auch das verkaufen gedacht worden sein, da es mit dem dativ erscheint, at loga honum eigi N. L. 118\ }>ä em ek hrseddr um, el ju logar beim Glums. c. 6. — im Sinne von ausleihen hat byggja acc. der sache, aber wird es für verkaufen gebraucht oder entfernen, dat., hann hefir og byggt sialfum ser ut ur samfelagi Alp. 1845. s. 525. Dem nahen folgt das begegnen in derselben Verbindung, feil hvorr er peim inaetti af lidi Haldiugja Fa2, 373. ok maetir einum gamlum manni Fa. 1, 150. meetti hann pör (dat.) mitfa garda Thrymsqu. 9. hann vill nu heldi mala beim, enn flyja odal silt Fa. 2, 372. ok raceta peirra astigum Kon. 540. daher auch die präpositionen mot imöt, möti imöti den dativ nach sich haben, und die adjectiva wie mötstadligr Orkn. 448. rettum lögum. — ist das entgegengehen ein feindliches, ein ankämpfen, so steht gewöhnlich d oder at einum ; doch ist vinna auch noch mit dativ verbunden, vinnat skiöldungar sköpom H. Q. 3, 21 (ankämpfen gegen das Schicksal); vergl. eckti mä vid ösköpum vinna Isl. malsh. s. 17; im Sinne von besiegen mit acc. : unz pik aldr vibr Gudr. 2, 30, ebenso Fa. 2, 370. 371. N. L. 188 b. Weichen und abweichen machen (vikja) hat den dativ der person und der sache bei sich, welche man abweichen macht; dies wird aber instrumental sein wie bei venda, snüa und ähnlichen. Statt mir ist entwichen, entfernt, heißt es kürzer mir fehlt; dieser persönliche dativ ist im nordischen nur bei brestr mer, bilar mer vorhanden: brestr beim visdomr und Fa. 3, 280, mer bilar hugr Fa. 1, 425; dagegen zu vantar und skortir gesellt sich accusativ: eigi vantar pik skörugleik Fa. 3,272. — das, dem man sich nährt und entfernt, steht im accusativ, wenn nägelaz und firraz gebraucht ist: en sva ber raz hennar til, at hun ßrrizt pa Stadt stundum, er hun ndlgas stundum Kon. 38. peir ndlgudu brätt petta land N. Les. 141 b . firz du eigi gait'u pina Glums. c. 23. Wie näh (nahe) selbst muss natürlich auch näher (gegenwärtig) verbunden werden, und dessen construction be- kommt, während apud und penes acc. haben, auch hid, er hin voro skilordi peirra ok kaupi Gulap. 307. stöd at mann- dräpum med odrum Orkn. 448. — in einigen fallen hat auch der ort, wo man sich findet oder aufhält, blossen dativ: er funduz ferdum Ermingerdar Orkn. 288. ef kennir armadr bat manni, at hann hafi vistum verit med utlogum manne ä ningi eda . . N. Love 1, 72. ef hann er vistum med hanom eb. — vergl. Vidr (het ek) at vigom Grimn. 48; pingom at 47, ohne präp. auch at viert vistom heima Hrafn. 7. fittr- vistum vera Od. 5, 51. 7. Der gegenstand, den jemand anrührt, anstößt, anfasst, annimmt, aufnimmt, und so auch im gegenteil, der von dem ich ab lasse, den ich ablege und aufgebe, auf geistiges übertragen wird, das anfassen zu vernehmen, zu verstehen, das ablassen und annehmen zu gewöhnen, auch diese Verba nehmen den dativ an. 2. F. D. A. VIII. 3 34 ÜBER DEN NORDISCHEN DATIV. Dass die Vorstellung des anrührens auch im nordischen wie im gothischen den dativ erfordert, habe, zeigt sich in der Verbindung der Prosa, „apud ire skulut bit ecki taka Kon. 500“, wofür wir sagen müssen, an diesen Baum sollen wir nicht rühren, nordisch aber der dativ gebraucht ist. So auch in dem Satz, „ok tök ä honum ok hatt hann vakna Fa. 3, 509. Reinigender dativ noch bei hreifa berühren: „ad pessari hugsun haß fyrr verid hreiß Albing. 1845 s. 343. Der gewöhnliche Begriff nehmen, bei taka, hat den acc. erhalten, dagegen ist der dat. geblieben, wenn es den Sinn von annehmen, aufnehmen, besonders gastlich empfangen hat, „bessu tali tekr konung vel Fa. 1, 120. Tok bvi vel Hmskr. 1, 178. Thorsteinn tok pessu botli med bökkum Isl. 2, 197. At mäga taka bvilikum sätlum Alb. 1845 s. 487. Konung tok honum vel N. L. 44. Jarl tok honum vel Fm. 3, 91. Bei er bessahettar konung skyldi taka N. Les. 144. (empfangen, aufnehmen) Konung tok pvi scinilega Fa. 2, 348. Für dieses annehmen steht besonders taka vid: „bidr nu Sigurður vid taka sverðinu Fa. 1, 155. Var tekid vid beim bädum hendum (der letzte dativ als instrumentalis bürgt für die reine Natur des ersteren) Fm.3, 82. Vid muni ek taka fiftnu Fm. 2, 96. — Greif ä stefni, Griff an den stefen Hym. 27. — Hrini bat allt ä per Fa. 3, 206. Hier da hat gewöhnlich an, besonders in der Bedeutung er- fassen, treffen Fm. 3, 179. Kon. 114, allein im Vers zeigt sich noch, für auflassen, er eignet sich hervorragend N. L. 127 1 ". beim Hintersein beiden Stürzen an der Brücke Od. 3 s. 27. Anslassen wird gleich behandelt mit anrühren; den da. und stücken vier Fa. 2, 370 kann man kaum instrumental nennen; das wäre ein solcher wie Löffel, Händen. gleichbedeutend ist bella; eignet sich meistens bella Isl. 1, 334. woran Hrölfj könig mir ecki bella Fa. 1, 96. er nun getroffen schlug (mit den Wellen) schlägt er nun an die Wolken N. L. 120 a . — Reiben: kleid unbeleuchten mit kommend Fa. 3, 471. Sengen an etwas: honum schwitzt bad, im Sinne von es ärgerte ihn, schadete ihm; so auch bei hrifa reiben: at peim hrifi sialfum Fa. 3, 319. sialfum per gnua Fa. 2, 130. Streicheln: rung klappend ihm Od. 2 s. 8. Abliegen hat nie einen anderen Kasus, wie es auch ausgedrückt sein mag, als den Dativ des Gegenstands dem ich ÜBER DEN NORDISCHEN DATIV. 35 mich entziehe: lala selbst wird dabei zu aufgeben. - färre skal e mina fiörvi lata Sig. Qu. 3, 15; gewöhnlicher ist letta: lettr sorgum ok hiirmsamligum andvörpura Kon. 39. ok aldri hönni frænda andlitiuu letta Fa. 3, 337. ok letta eigi fyrr sinni skriva Fa. 3, 617. — hwtta sva gædum umsattum um mik N. L. 160''. hun vard lettari at sveinabami 180''. vergl. — ok hvernärl sva tréit sinni natúra Kon. 84 (ablegen), vergl. Fa. 3, 497. at ver munnom hafna Atrünadi vorom N. L.99\ all þa er aldta sinni ákvítku Orkn. 450. |>vi skal bann frá- falla |>essari sándin Kon. 747. at hann afletli bessu staðri Orkn. 450. Wie das aufnehmen mit der Hand oder Pflege, so wird auch das vernehmen mit dem Ohr und das vernehmen des Verstandes verbunden, namentlich hörig anhören regiert den dativ des gegenständes: "at her hljjddit kvsedinn N. L. 44", "at bu hlijilir [trifsam ligum raduin Gardkonungs Fa. 3, 671", welches anhören in gehorchen, befolgen übergeht, ähnlich ist nema räilum. Vernehmen in dem verbum kunna wird theils empfinden, kunnu pvi störilla (vernahmen es sehr übel) N. L. 143 1 '. er nu pessu eigi illa at kunna N. L. 120 b , theils verstehen und einsehen: kann mabr miötube Hav. 60, der manu weisst das macht. fAr kunni beim flioctalatom Edd. 2, 252. kunni hann nalgia manusmali Fa. 443. daneben beir kunna sva vel A skidura Fm. 1, 9. doch skilja hat acc, kenna empfinden aber o en - — zu nehmen wird auch dpeckr (ähnlich) gehören, da es auf biggja zurückgeht, mag es (theil)nehmend an der Gestalt eines, oder wie genehm, gemäß gedacht sein : jedesfalls hat apeckr honum reinen dativ, da in jenem worte eine richtung durch d ausgesprochen ist. Aus der acht verlieren, vergeht hat im Nordischen nicht genitiv sondern dativ, sowohl bei tyna als bei gleyma; dies wird aber besser zur folgenden Reihe gestellt, da es als verlieren gedacht ist. Dagegen muss etymologisch zum ablegen das gewöhnen gestellt werden, gewöhnt an etwas, vanr, ist dasselbe wort welches zunächst entblüßt, leer bedeutet, wie nun vacare den Übergang zum neuen vollen Zustande enthält, so begreift vanr pvi das erfahren und volle aufnehmen eines andern. Kunst und ausübung in sich ; vanr pess ist leer daran, vanr nvi gewöhnt daran ; ebenso ist es mit andvanr. gullbitti vanr H. Q. 3, 34. ecki muntu pessu verki vanr vera Isl. 2, 57. Erdrup vanir vigum, 163. Vam'r at hardfengi, 82. Ek er vanari saltbrennum N. L. 127 b. Das abgeleitete venja wird nun in Prosa am meisten mit vid verbunden, venja hann vid ibrottir Fm. 1, 78; doch ist dichterisch noch die alte Construction vorhanden: unda ek vel pa er vandiz viueik (die Frau) tali rninu Orkn. 292. Of van/p väsi Edd. 2, 294. Ecki vandis Oddr blötom N. L. 181 1. Wie sich das anrühren zum ergreifen verhält, so das kosten zum Eisen, trinken, daher gehört hierher auch der dativ bei bergja: Ölvi bergja letztu eigi mundo Ægisdr. 9. Die spätere Sprache hat den dativ noch, aber mit derselben Präposition, welche bei anrühren hinzutritt: Ef hann bergir a Jvi Kon. 541. Sä mun ä blodi bergja minu N. L. 6. Dichter sagen auch jetzt noch: Ä vara pinna bergdi eg brunni N. Fei. 7, 150. Etwas (sia ä) hat dativ: Gudir sia aumir d hröktum manni Od. 2, 16. Der gegenstand den ich halte, erhalte und zurückhalten, so wie der den ich verliere oder verderbe und umbringe, mit dem erhalten steht sich gleich das schützen, retten, schonen, sparen; mit dem zurückhalten geht das miedigen und im Zügel hallen, stillen, aufhören machen, zur Ruhe bringen, auf der anderen Seite findet sich in gleicher Stellung mit dem verlieren das vergehen, mit dem schützen und schonen im Gegensatz und mit verderben gleich, das gefährden, das wagen und wetten, endlich der Behandlung des Verderbens folgt auch das mishandeln, das verschwenden, das verschwenden, vertilgen, ausrotten, töten in den meisten, doch nicht allen hierher gehörigen Ausdrücken. Eigenthümlich ist schon dieses dem nordischen, dass selbst bei dem körperlichen halten das Objekt im dativ steht, wenn auch das festhalten oder zurückhalten darin nicht hervortritt: Skuld hétta skildi. Vol. 28. jarl baud at halda skildi fyri Thorsteinn N. L. 148 1. halda skipinu til Groenlands 141. das letztere könnte instrumental gefasst werden, ich halte mit dem schiff wohin, da das halten fast gleich segeln wird; aber nicht das erstere, denn das Instrument des Schildhaltens ist ÜBER DEN NORDISCHEN DATIV. 37 die hand, nicht der seil, während beim Werfen aus'ser dem Objekt, welches davon betroffen wird, nächst dem näheren Instrument der hand ein entfernteres Instrument ist, das ist womit man wirft, zur Bestätigung der objektiven Natur des dativs bei halten dient auch das es den geraden Gegenstäb bildet zu fallen lassen und verlieren, wofür der dativ feststellt: ok hafjat (skrimsli) hörst at skipi ok pangat steipzt, pa hafa menn viljat visa manntion ä pvi skipi, enn ef pat hefr hörst fra skipi, en pangat steipzt, pa hafa menn venit i godri viljan, at Jieir muudi holda mælu/tum Kon. 168. par heldus menn allir, en ttjundii fö miklu N. L. 107. — ferner spricht dafür die Abweichung der direkten Konstruktion mit der Präpositionen durch ä, wonach das halten dem anrühren, anfassen parallel wird (nr7.): a pessari gamansräddo halda Kon. 162. und auch wir sagen: ich halte an dem Ende des Netzes, wie nordisch helt Thörr endo, ödrum, ok ö'urum heldu allir iEsir ok drdgu neti N. L. 90. halda sinni natturu Fa. 3, 281. halda lögum Kon. 499. halda sidvenju sinni N. L. 141. Vid halda hättum vid oss för. 3, 93. Heldu beir sinni vinattu Fa. 2, 404, voför ungefär även accusativ eintritt, wenn vel dabei steht: helt vel trü sina för. 2, 158. Säkerare står dativ bei der bedeutung festhalten aufhalten und zurückhalten, wobei wieder auch det vorkommt: örn, og helt ä skilfandi död du i klauddu Od. 5 s. 70. Nu taka part konungar till hennar og vill halla kennet Fa. 2, 198. Fyrirbörd haunn monnum alhalla beim manni Kon. 116. En ek hefi länge hållit honom hröjdum Fa. 3, 290. Och håll mer fördömt vid gång Od. 3 s. 76. Käddf beir öskerdlu vitu sinu eben det. 31. Pessa-halla Fa. 3, 316. Sem hanom gaf i vatni hållit Kon. 117. Halla mun ek mäg ha min mun Fa. 2, 261. Var det dem mässiga stilla nästkommande, ebenso nödvändig är det dativ att behålla, behövlig (servare) er på teilt hejda das fält behållaste N. L. 32. Ovanför behålla: bo ska vara heima och hålla hövling upp Isl. 2, 84. Och hålla ögonen stöd upp Fa. 3, 665. — Hålla livet G. 31. Fa. 2, 442. Räkna Orkn. 446. Hälpa per Groug. 7. Hålla striden Fa. 2, 408. Hälle upp alla kostnader. Dagegen har det ord den accusativ stets, när det är underhåll, ernåhren är, hålla sjöna Fa. 1, 6. 9. 3, 270, eller när det perifastiskt står, "väktning hålla" vörd, bekänna Kon. 257. 259. Hälle spådomar till Fa. 3, 539, nästför hålla spådomar till eben det. 540. Für die nahen begriffe schützen, retten, schonen, sparen, mächtigen nehmen hlifa, hlya, Jbrda, eyra, pirma, vwgj'a, stilla stets dativ in ansprach, bei spara wechselt der accusativ damit ab, fordaz verlangt letztern. Beispiele sind sehr häufig: hmmm htjfdi skyrta hans Fa. 2, 231. leit alla ialm-vedrs elpollu ser hlifa 186 b (sich schonen), at engum skyldi hlifa Kon. 675. hlüa eigentlich warm machen, dann schützen: hlijrat henni bast ne bärk Häv. 500. hvat per hvergis hlijr Fa. 2, 134. foräa lifi sinu (retten) Kon. 728. hvort henni er fordat N. L. 117 b . eyra skyldu Baldri eldr ok vatn N. L. 88". pirma mönnum ok skipum Kon. 125. at ek skal per eigi pyrma Fa. 3, 609. fadir minn vccgir öngum manni Fa. 3, 505. gridum pyrma N. L. 79''. ok vil ek giarna pyrma hanom Kon. 756. miskuna mer, hena Od. 2 s. 1 6. yfir mig 3, 15. ecki var tilsparat biki ok hurrum skidum Fa. 1, 83; aber auch spardi enga luti vid vini sina Orkn. 146. eigi spari ek mat vid ydr Fa. 3, 272; dagegen hirda und fordaz sich schützen vor, sich hüten vor, nimmt accusativ an; heldr fordaß Deir veidimanna fund Kon. 127. 47. vergl. firraz. Mit dem mächtigen stilla ordum sinum Isl. 2, 337 ist das einhalten verwandt; indessen stödva hat acc. in der prosa: genga imilli ok stödvada & Fm. 1, 59. mildern dagegen, mag es durch vwgj'a oder durch Unna (von linnr weich, lind) oder durch letta (leichter machen v. lettr) gegeben sein, bleibt beim dativ des gegenständes: engi veit hvenser pvi linnir N. F. 7, 209. linnir hun aldrei af 6pi ok umbrotum Isl. 1, 326 (späteres Stück), und hvar dórt skal viðgja (den Urteilsspruch mildern) Kon. 639. Stillen wird zu einem völligen zur Ruhe bringen in Unna: linnar upp barilaganum Fa. 2, 287. Utta storminom N. L. 100 b. ok bidr hann hana hatta fessu tali (von einer leidenschaftlichen Forderung) Isl. 1, 326. heet-tir nü siglingu N. L. 142 a. nser Utta mundi öärani pessu N. L. 144 a. — slotar es schliefst, lässt nach: pa slotadi Jörmungandr. — stormi Od. 3 s. 76 kann instrumental sein, so auch hatta eigentlich wohl zur Sitten (höftr) bringen, dann einstellen, beschwichtigen, stormi, siglingu. endigen mit enda hat acc, aber mit slita, löka, letta stets dativ, während slita, wo es ÜBER DEN NORDISCHEN DATIV. 39 zerreifen, abreißen bedeutet, den accusativ regiert. — auch fristen ist aufhalten, at ber frestlad malm og brullaupunnom Fa. 3, 305. Auf der entgegengesetzten Reihe ist ein ähnlicher Verlauf vom fallen laufen, aufser acht laufen, preis geben, gefährden bis zum umbringen und vernichten, das endigen ist hier ein fallen laufen des sicheren oder stehenden, das endigen dort war ein einhalten des erregten, das urafallendste Wort ist tyna; es ist verlieren: tørd liggjandi skipum Fa. 3, 317. aldri tina Sig. Q. 3, 48. 58. lifi tina G. Qu. 2, 11. vergeisen tina bo eigi heldr pinni pungo Kon. 23. transitiv, vernichten: ok tyna hverki borginni ne folkino Kon. 593; sæ hrossvatr, er tyna skipum vorum Fa. 3, 318. ok glataur pü eilifri saslu Kon. 537. trans. pú hefri Giuka um glatat börnum Helr. 4. At bið lapar margr helginn ok við einn Hirdskring c. 27 (eigentlich untertauchen), auch gleymjandi folgt dieser weise: enn 3 vetrum síðar bæði gleymdi Simei pössu seltandi Kon. 743. At bann hafði gleymt ærgjarn sinna fra bið um förit Alb. 1845 s. 127. Gleyma Jóðurland Od. 3 s. 31. Gefährden ist hættan, und wird zu verkaufen und wagen, dufss em ek bess, at hættan ber einum önnur hans vald N. L. 126 b. At pu hættir eigi Ufi pínu undin heljarmenn penna Fa. 2, 392. sva hættan ek hæfdi til Hävam. 107. At hættan pessum Jöku Fa. 3, 369. Pu hættir eigi lifi pínu Fa. 2, 392. 231. Pu skal ek lifinu voga Fa. 3, 616. — ebenso wetten: hæfdi vedja viu* scolom . . um gædspeki Vafpr. 19. Verderben, zunächst wohl aufreifen, ist spilla, sifjom Vö'lusp. 41. At Jóinn fáðir hefir mér eigi enn spilt, pvi hann er madr ö'rvasa ok natnurlaus Fa. 3, 470. Ok spilla partil margs manns blöð Fa. 2, 401. Spilla áætla ek bäðum A. M. 73. Mishandeln: ef beim verdr mispirmt Kon. 263. Fast schon dem verlieren gleich ist fyrigjörð verwirken: ba hefir hann fyrigjört pionuslu sinna Hirdskra c. 55. Skýldi sa fyrigjöra lifinu Isl. 2, 335. Aber: |>a hafði hann vidrlag tapat ok sik sielfan fyrigjört Viderl. N. L. 860. — das spätere fordiarfa hat accusativ Fa. 3, 289. Umbringen nicht nur Jördmörðum N. L. 124% war instrumental sein kann, sondern auch stets bana tödten mit dativ: at bana ber ok öllunni mönnum sinum Fa. 2, 249. banadi bann barmed mönnum i bardögum Fa. 2, 390. bidlu- num Od. 3, 45. — wenn eyda ausrotten bedeutet, hat es daliv, besonders bei personell : höfdu beir eytt vikingura öl- lum Fa. 2, 203. at eyda üvininum beim Orkn. 440. eyda öllum sonurn Haralds Fm. I, 16. eyda kristindöminom N. L. 101*. hvargi skaltu eyda vopnum btuum met hegomligum brotlvörpum Kon. 388 (verschwinden), bat er öbarfi, ad eyda ordum Ny Fei. 7, 216. ad eg burfi eigi ad eyda ordum ad |>vi Al[>. 1845 s. 386. dagegen im sinne von ausleeren, ver- öden, steht die Sache im accusaliv: htm eyddi allt rikit baedi af fe" ok af mönnum Fa. 3, 657. eyda landit Hmskr. 2, 248. ofsda Jota dolgi N. L. 98". sandrlyndi söar fe* og nädum (verschwendet) Isl. mälsh. s. 44 offara sino fiörvi Hmskr. 1, 54. Fafni um farit Fafnm. 23. farit hafdi hann allri altt Geirmimis H. Q. 2, 14. offara mino fiörvi Fafnm. 5. — fyrr skal ek mino fiörvi lata, enn beirrar meyjar meibmoin tyna Sig. Qu. 3, 15. daher lätaz umkommen, wie lynaz, tapaz, glataz wahrscheinlich durch ser aufzulösen sind, dagegen missa lifit Fa. 3, 270. aber wieder sdlga (tödten) sem sälgar öllum mönnum Od. 5 s. 28. selbst slatra (schlachten) störutn saudum ebendas. 71. 9. Der gegenständ vor dem, oder gegen den hingewen- det ich mich scheue, fürchte, erzürne oder sicher weifs, dem ich traue, vor dem ich mich sicher stelle und verwahre, gegen den ich mich wehre; vor dem und dessen ich mich freue, befriedige und zufrieden bin. bei dem letzteren ge- brauchen wir mit: ich bin damit wohl oder übel zufrieden ; gleichwohl ist der dativ bei una nicht ein instrumentaler, da es genau dem lateinischen acquiescere rei entspricht und auch mit vid verbunden wird. Nur konnte unter den Wörtern, die fürchten und sich erschrecken bedeuten, haben dativ: kvida eigens für sie. Fa. 1, 195. auch mit vid: bad hann ei vid dauda drengi kvida Fa. 2, 53. eben so sie vid sich scheuen, sich vorsehen vor etwas; und das einfache sich mit at: sa sez fylkir fsest at lifi H. Q. 1, 12. wahrscheinlich auch mit bloßen dativ. — doch ottaz fordert accusativ, ebenso cedraz. Zornig und zürnen kann ebenso bloßen dativ wie vid und at mit demselben haben: iarliuu reidisl ordum Biarnar Fa. 3, 298. Ingibiörg reiddist pessu miök Fa. 3, 299. gremja god at ser N. L. 118 b. Trauen, trua und treysta bedarf keines beispiels. man sagt auch: sem bann treysti ser eigi lengra at fara Fa. 3, 382. aber mistrüa hat daneben accusativ dessen dem man misträumt; so auch gruna. — dagegen wehren: fiandom verjaz (sich vor den feinden wehren) A. Q. 20. ek geymi mer vi breytingaratkvedi Alping. 1845 s. 127 (verwahre mich gegen). Semerkenswert ist fagna mit dem einzelsprechenden adjektivischen parik. Jeginn; gagni urpo peir pö litt fegnir Harb. 28. nun em ek sva fegin fundi ockrom H. Q. 2, 41. Oft fagna (werden froh) nye geori saelt Kon. 47. okjagnar peiin vel Fa. 3, 617 (wohl aufnehmen), vergl. piki mer eiki gaman at lifinu Fa. 1, 52. — daher erklärt sich dass skemti unterhalten, kurzweilen, erfreuen mit dativ der person verbunden wird, hann skemti gumum N. L. 54'', wobei auch möglich ist dass der accusativ zeit ausgelassen ist, — besonders aber dass leika spielen, sich vergnügen nicht nur dativ der person hat, lek ser, sondern auch des gegenständes woran man sich vergnügt, obwohl jetzt at dabei nötig ist: lek at handsöxum Sn. Edd. 2, leikr ser at liskum Fm. 4, 56, bau leika ser at gulli Fa. 1, 132, pessir menn lekust allir barnleikum Fa. 3, 594 (kann instrumental sein) ok taö pat sem sialft leki ser Fa. 3, 391. — etwas anders verhält es sich wohl mit svala kühlen, erquicken: cg svala hvga minnum ä harminum Od. 1829. 1, 59. kann sein: ich mache (es) kühl. Zufrieden sein, genüge, liebe, freude haben, sich weiden an etwas: gamni mær undi Harb. 29 (una für una von vinr freund, goth. vinja weide, wie auch undi für undi und wonne). üngo at una Häv. 95. undu allvel sinu rädi Fa. 3, 604. undu pvi störilla; später loser auch mit vid wie die obigen verba: unandi vel vid sina ferd Fa. 3, 597. — undu peir vel sinum lut Orkn. 166. pu ra;dir hversu pu undir sinum lut ok eyrindi Orkn. 444. unda ek aldri 0. Gr. 13. Ufi oft. — so auch im gegentheil: margir opcegdu honum (hatten inisgefallen an ihm) Fa 3, 196. 10. Dem vor folgt das für und gegen, mithin hat der dativ seine vorzügliche Stelle bei der Person oder Sache der ich eine gute oder üble Gesinnung hege, mit Worten ausspreche, oder durch Handlungen nützend, schädigend beeinflussen. Dazu gehört Gönnen, Gutes oder Übels, im Nord. jedoch nicht Neiden, Wünschen und zwar nicht Segnen (blessa), aber Fluchen (bölva), Bitten nebst Fürbitten, Loben, Rühmen und Verkleinern, und so auch Helfen, Schaden, Hindern, Sorgen Für jemand oder etwas hat Accusativ, wenn es mit Anzahl gegeben ist Isl. 1, 349. 287, aber bei räfjastafa wieder Dativ Alp. 125. so auch bei hugsa: aXfätcekum er hugsat Alp. 127. Selbst das Für bei dem Gegenstande wofür ich Zahl entrichte, hat bloss Dativ: vorutegundum . . sykri, rommi og mallas er goldinn . . talsverdr tollr Alb. s. 598. — das Allgemeinste Wort dieser Art ist sinna, voll Sinn sein, sorgen, sich kümmern um, wohlwollen und im Gegenteil (bei mehr Sinnaz) zornig werden: sem engri sanngirni sinti, sich an keine Billigkeit kehren Od. 3, 18. honum sinnud N. L. 159 b. Bei unna, was bekanntlich ein neues Präsens zu dem ursprünglichen Praet. ann, unnum ist, mag das verlorene Praesens inna bedeutet haben: wohnen, daher innerhalb sein, und sich (sibi) zu einem inneren machen, denken und gedenken, sorgen und eifern, wie õnn (gedanke, sorge, eifriges Geschäft) und mer er annt (mir ist angelegen, mich verlangt) beweisen, und für die Grundvorstellung: inni n. Wohnung, inna (memorare, narrare); denken d. h. von Gedanken eingenommen sein für einen ist die Vorstellung bei lieben auch in minna und nord. minnr gedanke, liebling. — daher schon in der Edda unna einum vel Försk. 37 und unna gamans ebend. |
MMKB21:048549000_1 | Dutch-PD | Public Domain | 399 Vak 58 OVER VOLMAAKT LEVEN W. BERGMANS TILBURG ST BONAVENTURA OVER VOLMAAKT LEVEN TWEEDE DRUK Copyright hy P. Paschasius O F,M Cap . Breda OVER VOLMAAKT LEVEN vertaald door P. PASCHASIUS O.F.M.CaP. RIJKSUNIVERSITEIT UTRECHT 1605 2312 SINT BONAVENTURA INHOUD Bk. VOORWOORD 7 EERSTE HOOFDSTUK Over ware zelfkennis .... 9 TWEEDE HOOFDSTUK Over ware nederigheid ... 18 DERDE HOOFDSTUK Over de volmaakte armoede . . 30 VIERDE HOOFDSTUK Over het stilzwijgen en de zwijgzaamheid 42 VIJFDE HOOFDSTUK Over de zorg voor ’t gebed . . 50 ZESDE HOOFDSTUK Over het gedenken van Christus’ Lijden 64 ZEVENDE HOOFDSTUK Over de volmaakte liefde tot God 81 ACHTSTE HOOFDSTUK Over de eindvolharding ... 86 Hiermee presenteer ik onze zusters een boekje, dat St. Bonaventura op verzoek vaneen Abdis voor haar en haar zusters schreef, ’t Oorspronkelijke is zomaar eenvoudig weg geschreven bij wijze van brief. Ik meende, dat de woorden van dezen groten leider op geestelijk gebied 't meest zouden pakken, als ik ze even gemoedelijk weergaf en probeerde te spreken van hart tot hart. Dit klare boekje verder inleiden leek me niet nodig. Alle Zusters, die door dit werkje dichter komen bij God en den vertaler bij haar Goddelijken Geliefde aanbevelen, zal ik zeer dankbaar zijn. P. PASCHASIUS Breda. VOORWOORD. Over ware zelfkennis. l. Wil een bruid van Christus tot de hoogste volmaaktheid opgaan, dan moet ze beginnen bij zich zelf : al het uitwendige vergeten en dan binnengaan in het verborgene van haar geweten en daar nauwkeurig naspeuren, onderzoeken en bezien al haar fouten, al haar gewoonten, al haar genegenheden, al haar daden, al haar zonden van vroeger zowel als van nu. En wanneer ze iets minder goeds in zich vindt, dan moet ze dat aanstonds met bitter berouw bewenen. Om nu beter tot deze kennis te komen, moet ge weten, dat wij al onze zonden en fouten bedrijven uit onachtzaamheid, EERSTE HOOFDSTUK. uit begeerlijkheid ofwel uit kwaadwilligheid. Omtrent deze drie oorzaken moet heel de overdenking uwer zonden zich bewegen ; anders is ’t onmogelijk ooit tot volledige zelfkennis te komen. 2. Wenst ge dus u zelf te kennen en gekende fouten te betreuren, dan moet ge eerst bedenken of er in u is of was enige onachtzaamheid : ge moet, zeg ik, nagaan hoe onachtzaam ge uw hart bewaakt, hoe onachtzaam ge uw tijd besteedt, wat n verkeerde bedoeling u bezielt bij uw werken. Want met de grootste ijver dient ge te zorgen voor deze drie dingen, dat ge goed uw hart bewaakt, dat ge nuttig uw tijd besteedt, en bij al uw werk het goed en verplicht doel beoogt. Ook moet ge bedenken, hoe onachtzaam ge geweest zijt in uw gebed, hoe onachtzaam in geestelijke lezing, hoe onachtzaam bij t uitvoeren van uw werk. Want in deze drie dingen moet ge u zelve Ook moet ge onderzoeken, hoe onachtzaam ge zijt of waart in berouwhebben, hoe onachtzaam in bekoringen weerstaan, hoe onachtzaam om voortgang te maken. Want met de vurigste ijver moet ge betreuren uw begane fouten, en afweren de bekoringen van de duivel, en voortgaan van deugd naar deugd, om te komen in ’t land van belofte. Zo moet uw verstand de onachtzaamheid overwegen. 3- Wenst ge u zelf nog beter te kennen, dan moet ge tweedens nagaan, of er in u heerst of heerste genotzucht, nieuwsgierigheid of ijdele eerzucht. Genotzucht doet zich ongetwijfeld gelden ineen religieuse, wanneer ze ’t zoete zoekt, lekkere spijzen n.h, wanneer zeer ijverig oefenen en scholen, zo ge eens vruchten voortbrengen en afwerpen wilt; met zich enkel te oefenen in één dezer drie kan men volstrekt niet volstaan. ze t zachte zoekt, zoals keurig aansluitende kleren, wanneer ze het vleselijke begeert, d.w.z. het zinnelijk genieten. Ongetwijfeld heerst dan in ’n Goddienende zuster nieuwsgierigheid, wanneer zij graag geheime dingen navorst, wanneer zij graag mooie dingen ziet, wanneer zij graag zeldzame zaken bezit. Zeker wordt een bruid van Christus door ijdele eerzucht geleid, wanneer ze streeft naar mensengunst, wanneer ze tracht naar mensenlof, wanneer ze verlangt naar menseneer. Dit alles moet ’n religieuse die bij Christus dient, als vergif vermijden, omdat het wortels zijn van alle kwaad. 4. Ten derde moet ge, zo ge zekere kennis van u zelf wilt hebben, nauwkeurig overdenken, of er in u heerst of heerste kwaadwillige toorn, kwaadwillige afgunst of kwaadwillige lauwheid. Luister goed, naar wat ilc zeg. Beslist leeft er toorn ineen religieuse. roep zich echt kwaad toont op haar naaste, al is het nog zo weinig. Dan heerst er afgunst inde mens, wanneer hij blij is over tegenslag van de naaste en treurt over zijn succes, wanneer hij zich verheugt over ’t ongeluk en treurt over ’t geluk van de naaste. Dan echter leeft er lauwheid inde religieuse, wanneer ze lauw, slaapziek, werkschuw, traag, nonchalant, nalatig, los, ongodvruchtig, triestig en vervelend is. Dit alles moet ’n bruid van Christus verafschuwen en vermijden als dodelijk vergif, omdat er verderf voor ziel en lichaam in schuilt. 5. God-geliefde, wilt ge dus komen tot volmaakte zelfkennis, dan moet ge terugkeren tot u zelve, binnengaan in eigen hart, dan moet ge uw eigen geest naar waarde leren schatten. Onderzoek dus, wat ge zijt, wat ge waart, wat ge hadt moeten zijn, wat wanneer ze in gemoed of hart of stemming of gebaar of gelaat of woord of ge- ge nog worden kunt: wat ge waart van nature, wat ge nu bent door eigen schuld, wat ge hadt moeten wezen door uw ijver, wat ge nog worden kunt door de genade. Luister, zuster, naar David den profeet, hoe hij zich ten voorbeeld stelt : „Des nachts heb ik in mijn binnenste gemediteerd ; ik werd hewerkt en zuiverde mijn geest . Hij overwoog in z’n hart: doe dat ook. Hij reinigde z’n geest, doe dat ook ; bewerk die akker van uw ziel ; schenk aandacht aan u zelf. Wanneer ge dat werk doorzet, zult ge ongetwijfeld die kostbare verborgen schat van het Evangelie vinden. Daardoor immers groeit uw schattenrijkdom, daardoor wordt vermeerderd uw kennis en verhoogd uw wijsheid ; daardoor wordt uw zieleoog gezuiverd, uw verstand gescherpt, uw blik verbreed. Wie zich zelf niet kent, wie z’n eigen waarde niet afweegt, beoordeelt niets naar de ware maatstaf. Wie eerst niet nadenkt over eigen geest, weet volstrekt niet, wat hij denken om door te dringen tot hetgeen boven u is ; wanneer ge nog niet geschikt zijt het eerste heiligdom binnen te gaan, langs welke zijde zult ge ’t dan wagen ’t heilige der heiligen te betreden ? 6. Zo ge wenst te worden opgeheven tot de tweede en derde hemel, dan moet ge gaan door de eerste, dat is : uw hart ; en hoe ge dit kunt en moet heb ik u boven voldoende geleerd ; maar ook St. Bernardus licht u hieromtrent uitstekend in, waar hij zegt : „Ijverige napluizer van eigen reinheid, onderzoek en bedenk zorgvuldig, hoeveel ge vordert, en hoeveel ge nog te kort schiet, hoe ge bent in uw uiterlijk leven en hoe in uw innerlijk streven, hoeveel ge gelijkt op God of van Hem verschilt, hoe dicht ge Hem genaderd bent of hoever ge van Hem zijt verwijderd”. O, hoe gevaarlijk is het voor een reli- moet over de geest van Engelen en God. Als ge niet bekwaam bent, terug te keren tot u zelf, hoe zult ge dan in staat zijn gieuse veel te willen weten en zich zelf niet te kennen 1 Hoe dicht staat ’n religieuse bij het verlies van haar kloostergeest, als ze nieuwsgierig alles weten wil, en graag de consciëntie van anderen beoordeelt, maar zich zelf niet kent. Mijn God, vanwaar zo’n blindheid toch bij religieusen? De reden ligt voor de hand: zo’n mens is door allerlei zorgen ver van zich zelve weg, keert dus niet tot zich zelf door middel van het geheugen, want door al die zorgen heeft zij zich zelf vergeten. Door allerlei verbeeldingen is haar geest omneveld ; ze keert dus niet in zich zelf, omdat ze zich zelf niet ziet. Door ongeoorloofde begeerten wordt ze aangelokt ; zij keert dus niet in zich zelf door verlangen naar inwendige zoetheid en geestelijke blijdschap. Ze ligt dus geheel en al in ’t zinnelijke, en keren in zich zelf als naar Gods beeld kan ze niet, en zo kent ze zich zelf niet en is volslagen ongelukkig. Daarom moet ge, met terzijdestelling van alles, eerst denken aan u zelf en u zelf kennen. Hierom bad ook St. Bernardus, met de woorden : „De Heer geve ’t mij, dat ik niets anders ken, dan me zelf.” Over ware nederigheid. 1. Wie met zn zieleoog eigen fouten beschouwt, moet zich echt vernederen onder Gods machtige hand. Daarom vermaan ik u, zuster, die bij Christus dient, na n klare kennis van uw fouten verworven te hebben, uw geest diep te vernederen en u zelf heel weinig te achten. Nederigheid immers, zegt Sint Bernardus. is de deugd, waardoor de mens om z’n ware zelfkennis zich zelf heel laag heeft. Deze nederigheid maakte St. Franciscus zo gering in eigen oog; deze nederigheid had hij lief en zocht hij van ’t begin tot aan t einde van z’n religieuse leven ; hiervoor verliet hij de wereld ; hiervoor wilde hij ontkleed gesleept worden door TWEEDE HOOFDSTUK. verwijtingen te doen. Deze deugd moet ge vooral leren van den Zoon Gods, zuster, omdat Hij zelf zegt : „Leert van Mij, want zacht ben Ik en nederig van hart. „Want als ge deugden verwerft zonder de nederigheid, dan draagt ge stuifzand inde wind”, zegt de H. Gregorius. Gelijk hoogmoed immers van alle zonden het begin is, zo is nederigheid van alle deugden de grondslag. Maar leer nu echt nederig te zijn, niet schijnbaar alleen gelijk de Pharizeën, die zich zondig vernederen en van wie de Ecclesiasticus zegt : „Hij bezondigt zich door z n vernedering en z n innerlijk is vol bedrog.” Zoals St. Bernardus zegt, wil een echt nederige altijd weinig geacht worden, maar hij wenst niet als nederig te worden geprezen. a. Zuster, wanneer ge dus tot vol- z’n vaderstad ; hiervoor diende hij de melaatsen, beleed hij bij z’n preken eigen zonden, en beval hij Broeder Leo hem maakte nederigheid wilt komen, dan moet ge ’n drievoudige weg door. De eerste weg is de beschouwing van God. Ge moet God beschouwen als den bewerker van al het goede ; want dat is Hij inderdaad. Luister maar naar Isaias’ woord : ..AI wat we deden, Heer, hebt Gij in ons uitgewerkt.” Omdat Hij de bewerker van alles dus is, moet ge al het goede aan Hem ook toekennen en niets aan u zelf. Luister daarom naar de waarschuwing der H. Schrift : „Zeg niet in uw binnenste : dit alles heb ik door eigen macht en kracht van eigen handen tot stand gebracht ; maar denk eraan, dat uw God u die krachten schonk.” Zo’n overweging werpt heel de hoogmoed omver van hen die zeggen : „Onze machtige hand en niet God heeft dit alles gedaan.” Deze hovaardij sloot Lucifer uit van de hemelglorie. Lucifer bedacht niet, dat hij uit niets was gevormd ; hij beschouwde liever eigen schittering en schoonheid, en hoe alle kostbaar gesteente hem sierde. De hoogmoed van z’n hart stak hem omhoog. En omdat op hoogmoed volgt de val, werd hij aanstonds van zijn hoog eervolle zetel naar de meest schandelijke plaats verwezen. Die onder de Engelen de gelukkigste was, werd de meest verdoemde der duivelen. 3. O hoeveel volgelingen van Lucifer zijn er nog heden, zonen en dochters van de hoogmoed, die de Heer in Zijn lankmoedigheid nog duldt. Inde rijke wereldling is hoogmoed echter nog eerder te dulden dan ineen arme kloosterling. Een arme, aan Christus' dienst gewijde zuster, die de lege plaats innemen moet van de verworpen Engel, moet dus diep nederig zijn. Alleen ootmoet immers behaagt aan God, zowel inde mens als inde Engel. Meen niet, dat maagd-zijn zonder nederigheid aan God behaagt : nooit zou Maria Moeder Gods zijn geworden, wanneer zij hoogmoedig was geweest. Daarom verklaart St. Bernardus : „Ik durf zeggen, dat zonder nederigheid zelfs Maria’s maagdelijkheid aan God niet had behaagd.” Heeft men de nederigheid niet, dan is er niet enkel geen deugd, maar dan verloopt alle deugd in hoogmoed, zó noodzakelijk is de ootmoed. 4. De tweede weg is de gedachte aan Christus. Ge moet bedenken, dat Christus werd vernederd tot aan ’n sterven op de meest schandelijke wijze; en zó diep werd Hij vernederd, dat Hij als ’n melaatse veracht werd. naar Isaias’ woord : ..Wij hebben Hem als ’n melaatse en door God vernederde veracht.” Ja, zo diep werd Hij vernederd, dat niets zo gering geschat werd als Hij. Isaias zegt dan ook: „Om Zijn vernederde toestand werd alle ware beoordeling weggenomen ’, alsof hij zeggen wou : zo diep was Hij afgedaald, dat niemand Hem erkennen wilde als God. Als dus onze Heer en Meester zelf getuigt : „De slaaf is niet meer dan zijn heer en de leerling staat niet boven den O wat moet God ’n religieuse minachten, die onder n nederig kleed n hoogmoedig hart draagt. Hoe onnut is de Christen, die zijn Heer vernederd en veracht ziet en zelf het hart hoog draagt en leeft in hoge en verheven gedachten over zich zelf. Wat immers valt meer af te keuren in ’n Bruid van Christus, wat dient er zwaarder gestraft te worden ineen, die de versmade Christus dient, dan dat zij tracht zich te verheffen, terwijl de Allerhoogste de minste, de Onmetelijke klein werd en mens en als ’n worm werd ver- trapt. Over zul ken zegt St. Augustinus : „’t Hoofd nederig en n lidmaat hoogmoedig ?” als wilde hij zeggen : dat past niet. 5. De derde weg, die ge doorlopen meester,” dan moet gij, zuster, nietig en verachtelijk en nederig zijn, zo ge bij Christus dienen wilt en Christus leerlinge wilt zijn. moet, zo ge de volmaakte nederigheid bereiken wilt, is deze: nagaan, vanwaar ge gekomen bent en waar ge heengaat. Beschouw dus, vanwaar ge gekomen bent. en ge zult vinden, dat ge gemaakt zijt uit stof en uit aarde, en in zonden geboren zijt als ’n banneling uit het Paradijs. En deze beschouwing zal uw geest van hoogmoed zo verdrijven, dat ge met de drie knapen in ’t boek Daniël zult gaan uitroepen : ~In heel de wereld zijn we nu vernederd om onze zonden. ’ Overweeg ook, waar ge heengaat ; want ge gaat naar 't bederf en ver-assing ; stof immers zijt ge en in stof zult ge weer veranderen. Wat zijt ge dan hoogmoedig, stof en as ? Als ge heden bent, zult ge morgen niet meer zijn ; bent ge heden gezond, morgen zult ge mogelijk ziek zijn ; heden hebt ge 't gebruik van verstand en morgen mist ge dat misschien ; vandaag misschien in deugden rijk en morgen mogelijk een ellendig arme aan ellende en rampen omringd ziet ? 6. Godgewijde zuster, leer dus n nederige geest te hebben, ’n bescheiden gang, ’n bescheiden blik, n bescheiden houding ; want de nederigheid alleen matigt Gods toorn en vindt genade bij God. „Verneder u in alles, naarmate ge hoger staat, en dan zult ge genade vinden bij God ”, zegt de Ecclesiasticus. Zo vond Maria genade bij den Heer, zoals zij zelf getuigt: „Zijn blik viel op de nederigheid Zijner dienstmaagd.” Geen wonder ook; want nederigheid bereidt plaats voor liefde en ontledigt de geest van ijdelheid. Daarom verklaart Augustinus: „Hoe leger we zijn van hoogmoed, des te voller zijn we van liefde.” En gelijk ’t water vloeit naar de valleien, zo stroomt de genade van den H. Geest naar de nederigen ; en gelijk geestelijke schatten. Wie uwer durft het dus te wagen hoogmoedig te zijn, wanneer zij zich van alle zijden door zo n water des te krachtiger stroomt, naarmate het sneller daalt, zo dringt het gebed van ’n diep nederige des te sterker en verder tot God door. Vandaar dat Ecclesiasticus zegt: „ t Gebed van hem, die zich vernedert, dringt de wolken door, en het zal niet zwijgen, voor het den Allerhoogste bereikt ; want God willigt in het verlangen van die Hem vrezen, en hun gebed verhoort Hij.” 7. Zusters, weest dus nederig ; laat niet toe, dat hoogmoed gaat heersen in uw hart; want ge hebt een nederigen Meester, onzen Heer Jezus Christus, en ge hebt een nederige Leermeesteres, de H. Maagd Maria, die Koningin is van ons allen. Weest nederig; ge hebt ’n nederigen Vader, Franciscus n.1., weest nederig, want ge hebt ’n nederige Moeder, de H. Clara, die ’n voorbeeld van ootmoed was. Maar weest zó nederig, dat geduld getuigenis aflegt van uw ootmoed. Ge- maar naar St. Augustinus : „’t Is heel gemakkelijk ’n sluier om te doen, en simpele, armoedige kleding te dragen en met neergeslagen blik te lopen ; maarde echt nederige keurt men aan haar geduld.” Maar tot mijn spijt moet ik zeggen : er zijn er velen onder ons, die int klooster als groten en voornaam voor den dag willen komen, en die inde wereld heel onbetekenende mensen waren. Daarom zegt St. Bernardus : „Ik zie (en dat spijt me zeer) dat sommigen eerst de ijdelheid der wereld verachten, maar daarna inde school der nederigheid nog meer hoogmoed gaan aanleren, en onder de bescherming van ’n zacht en nederig Meester nog overmoediger worden, en in ’t klooster nog ongeduldiger worden dan ze geweest zouden zijn inde wereld ;en wat nog erger is ; de meesten dulden niet duld immers vervolmaakt de nederigheid; en ge hebt geen ware nederigheid, tenzij geduld daarmee verbonden is. Luister dat ze in 't huis des Heren weinig worden geacht, terwijl ze in haar ouderlijk huis toch zonder aanzien zouden geweest zijn.” 8. Godgewijde zuster, ik raad u dus aan, uw zuiverheid in ootmoed, en uw ootmoed in zuiverheid te bewaren. Want de maagdelijkheid met ootmoed is n verbinding van goud en edelsteen. Vandaar St. Bernardus’ bewonderend woord : „O schone vermenging van maagdelijkheid en ootmoed. Ten zeerste behaagt aan God ‘n ziel, waarin ootmoed een aanbeveling der maagdelijkheid is en de zuiverheid een sieraad is der nederigheid. Luister ten slotte naar n raad van mij en ’t zal u goed doen, zuster. Vermijd hovaardigen als slangen : heb n minachting voor hoogmoedige maagden als voor duivels, heb n walg voor omgang met hovaardigen, ’n walg als voor dodelijk vergif. En waarom ? Luister. Een zeker wijs man beschrijft de hovaardigen als volgt : „ledere hovaardige is onver – dragelijk, kleedt zich overtollig, loopt aanstellerig, het hoofd achterover, met ’n nors gelaat en onvriendelijke ogen ; hij twist om de voorrang, tracht gesteld te worden boven die beter zijn dan hij; z’n meningen en woorden en daden schroeft hij op en de eerbiedige volgzaamheid kent hij niet.” Daarom, dienstbare van God, en Bruid van Christus en gewijde des Heren, moet ge speciale omgang met hovaardigen vermijden, om niet aan hen gelijk te worden. „Want wie omgang met hoogmoedigen zoekt, zal zelf hovaardig worden”, zegt de H. Schrift. Over de volmaakte armoede DERDE HOOFDSTUK. 1. Ook de armoede is ’n deugd, die vereist wordt ; en wel in die mate, dat niemand volmaakt kan zijn zonder haar ; want Jezus zelf zegt in ’t H. Evangelie : „Zo ge volmaakt zijn wilt, ga dan alles verkopen wat ge hebt, om het de armen te geven.” Het toppunt der Evangelische volmaaktheid bestaat dus in de verheven armoede ; daarom mag men niet denken, de hoogste volmaaktheid bereikt te hebben, zolang men nog geen volmaakt volgeling is der Evangelische armoede. Ook Hugo van St. Victor zegt : „Wat ’n volmaaktheid men in kloosterlingen ook vindt, men mag die nooit als volledig armoede is.’ 2. Nu zijn er twee dingen, die ieder religieus, ja ieder mens aansporen moeten tot liefde voor armoede. Eerstens het Goddelijk voorbeeld, wat men goedkeuren moet ; tweedens de Goddelijke belofte, die men nooit naar d r waarde schatten kan. ’t Eerste dus, wat u als zuster in Christus’ dienst bewegen moet tot liefde voor de armoe, is de liefde en t voorbeeld van Onzen Heer Jezus Christus. Zelf immers was Hij arm bij Zijn geboorte, arm tijdens Zijn verblijf onder ons, en arm bij Zijn sterven. 5. Ga na, wat ’n voorbeeld van armoe Hij u naliet, om door zijn voorbeeld n verliefde der armoede te worden. Arm was Onze Heer Jezus Christus bij Zijn geboorte in die mate, dat Hij geen verblijf had en geen kleding en geen voedsel, maar voor verblijf n stal kreeg, voor kleding wat arme doeken, voor beschouwen, tenzij er ook liefde voor de voedsel het hartehloed ener maagd. Toen de Apostel Paulus deze armoe overdacht, zuchtte bij, en riep hij de Corinthiërs toe : ~Gij kent de liefde van Onzen Heer Jezus Christus, die rijk was, maar voor ons arm werd, om door eigen armoede ons rijk te maken.’ En St. Bernardus voegde bier nog bij : „Van al het goede was inde hemel ’n onuitsprekelijke overvloed voorhanden ; maarde armoe vond men daar niet. Wel was dit goed op aarde in rijke overvloed aanwezig, maarde mens kende daarvan de waarde niet. Gods Zoon echter begeerde die schat der armoe en daarom daalde Hij de hemel uit, om ze te kiezen voor Zich zelf en door Zijn Goddelijke waardering ze ook kostbaar te maken in ons oog. 4. Onze Heer stelde zicb ook tot voor- beeld van armoe tijdens Zijn verblijf op aarde. Luister, gelukkige maagd, luistert gij allen, die armoede beloofd Hebt, boe arm Zó arm was Hij, dat Hij soms geen onderdak kon vinden, en met Zijn Apostelen dikwijls buiten de stad en de huizen moest slapen. De Evangelist Marcus getuigt : „Hij zag allen aan, daar t al avond was, en toen ging hij met de twaalf maar naar Bethanië. En met dit woord wil de Evangelist volgens de Glossa dit zeggen : „Christus zag allen vragend aan, of iemand Hem onderdak wou geven, omdat Hij zo arm was, en zo weinig bemind, dat Hij nergens in zo n grote stad een verblijf kon vinden. En Mattheus zegt: „De wolven hebben hun bol, de vogels hun nest, maarde Zoon des mensen heeft niets, waar Hij Zijn hoofd op neer leggen kan. 5. De Heerder Engelen was niet enkel arm bij Zijn geboorte, niet enkel arm tijdens Zijn verblijf onder ons ; maar om ons in liefde voor de armoe te ontsteken, was Hij zelfs bij Zijn dood nog de Zoon van God, de Koning der Engelen was, zolang Hij op de wereld leefde. uiterst arm. Gij allen, die armoe beloofd hebt, beschouwt eens met aandacht, hoe arm die rijke God bij Zijn sterven werd om ons ! Beroofd en berooid werd Hij van alles, wat Hij had : beroofd van Zijn kleding, toen ze Zijn kleren verdeelden en over Zijn opperkleed het lot wierpen. Beroofd werd Hij ook van lichaam en ziel, toen Zijn ziel onder bittere doodsmarten het lichaam verlaten moest. Beroofd werd Hij ook van Zijn Goddelijke Glorie, toen ze Hem niet als God verheerlijkten, maar als ’n misdadiger behandelden, gelijk Job klaagt : ~Zij beroofden mij van mijn glorie.’ Over deze voorbeeldelijke armoe zegt St. Bernardus: „Zie naar den armen Christus, die zonder woning geboren werd, die tussen os en ezel lag in ’n kribbe, die in armoedige doeken gewikkeld was, naar Egypte vluchtte, op ’n ezel reed en naakt hing aan ’n kruis.” 6. Welke religieuse zal nu nog zo dwaas en verstokt zijn om rijkdom lief te hemels, de Eengeborene van God zo n armoe dragen wilde. „Het vloekt dus al te zeer, dat rijk wil zijn ’n arme aardworm, voor wie de God van Majesteit en de Heer van Heerlijkheid arm wilde worden,” zegt St. Ber- nardus. Laat ’n heiden, die zonder God leeft, rijkdom zoeken ; laat de Jood rijkdom zoeken, die slechts aardsche beloften gekregen heeft ; maar gij, maagd van Christus, die dient bij den Heer, wat zult ge toch rijkdom zoeken, terwijl ge armoe beloofd hebt, terwijl ge onder de armen van Jezus Christus verkeert, terwijl ge n dochter zijn wilt van den armen Vader Franciscus, terwijl ge beloofd hebt de arme moeder Clara na te volgen ? „Schande dus over onze hebzucht ; want we hebben armoe beloofd en we veranderen de armoe in hebzucht, door hebben en armoe te verafschuwen, wanneer ze ziet en hoort, dat de Allerhoogste God, de Heerder wereld, de Koning des te begeren wat verboden is, en te verlangen wat de regel verbiedt: en dat terwijl de Zoon Gods arm werd om ons. 7. Mijn overtuiging is deze : hoe vuriger wijde armoede liefhebben, hoe volmaakter wij haar beoefenen, des te rijker overvloed zullen we hebben aan alle goederen, tijdelijke zowel als geestelijke. Zo ge integendeel rijkdom gaat liefhebben en beloofde armoede geringschat, dan zult ge gebrek hebben aan beide soort goederen. De eens arme Moeder van den armen Jezus zei : „Armen heeft hij overladen met goederen, maar rijken zond Hij met lege handen weg ”, hetgeen ook de heilige Profeet bevestigt met de woorden: „Rijken hadden te kort en leden gebrek, maar die de Heer zoeken, zullen in niets verarmen.” Of hebt ge niet gelezen, hoe Jezus tot Zijn Apostelen zei : „Wilt u niet bezorgd afvragen, wat ge eten of wat ge drinken zult ; want Uw vader weet, wat ge nodig hebt.” En luister naar dat an- komen ? En ze moesten zeggen : neen, niets.” Als onze Heer dus Zijn leerlingen onbezorgd deed leven onder versteende en ongelovige Joden, wat wonder is het dan, als Hij arme zusters, die Zijn Evangelische armoede navolgen willen, verzorgt, die leven, onder gelovig, Christelijk volk ? „Werpt dus al uw zorg op Hem, want Hij zal voor u zorgen,” zegt St. Petrus. 8. Wanneer God, onze Vader, dan zo bezorgd is voor ons, dan is bet tocb vreemd, dat wij ons met die tijdelijke en onvergankelijke zaken zo bezig houden en zoveel angstige zorg daarvoor dragen. En daarvoor vind ik geen andere verklaring dan de hebzucht, die wanorde en veroordeling voortbrengt ; n andere oorzaak vind ik niet dan dat onze strevingen ver van God, ons Heil, zijn afgeweken ; 'n andere oorzaak is er niet, dan dere woord uit Lucas’ Evangelie : „Toen ik u wegzond zonder zak en stok en schoeisel, zijt ge toen iets te kort ge- dat de gloed der goddelijke liefde is verkoeld en verkild in ons. Beslist, als wij echt vurig zouden zijn, dan zouden wij naakt den naakten Christus volgen ; want mensen, die door en doorwarm zijn, ontdoen zich van alle overtollige kleding. Wij zijn klaarblijkelijk koud ; want wij werpen dat tijdelijke volstrekt niet af of uit. Mijn God, hoe kunnen wij zo hard zijn tegenover Christus, die Zijn land, d.i. de Hemel verliet, Zijn maagschap, de Engelen, vaarwel zei, en ’t huis van Zijn Vader, d.i. de schoot des Vaders verliet en arm werd voor ons, en vernederd en veracht ? En wij willen voor Hem niet verlaten een ellendige, walgelijke wereld ? Met het lichaam verlaten wijde wereld wel, maar heel ons hart, heel onze geest, heel ons verlangen wordt door de wereld in beslag genomen. g. Gelukkige zuster, die God moogt dienen, denk aan de armoe van onzen armen Heer Jezus Christus ; prent in uw moeder Clara en hang met heel uw wil en heel uw hart aan de armoe, omhels Vrouwe Armoe en wil ins hemels naam niets anders beminnen dan de armoe ; bemin niet de eer, bemin niet de tijdelijke dingen, houd niet van rijkdom ; maar zorgde heilige Armoe, die ge beloofd hebt, streng te onderhouden. Want rijkdom hebben en van rijkdom houden is niet nuttig ; ervan houden en ze niet hebben is gevaarlijk, en ze te bezitten zonder ze lief te hebben is moeilijk. Geen rijkdom hebben en rijkdom niet beminnen is nuttig, is veilig, is aangenaam en ’n akt van volmaakte deugd. Daarom moet zowel de raad van Christus als Zijn voorbeeld iedere Christen aansporen tot n gloeiende liefde voor de armoe. O gelukkige armoe, hoe beminnelijk voor God maakt gij die u liefhebben, en hoe beveiligt gij ze ! „Want, zoals Gregorius zegt, „die inde wereld niets hart de armoe van den armen Vader Franciscus ; overweeg de armoe van uw hebben dat ze beminnen, hebben ook niets, dat ze vrezen.” Zo lezen wij in ’t leven van Joannes Eleëmosynarius, dat ’n zekere arme broeder maar één deken had, waarmee hij zich ’s nachts half dekte, om de andere helft onder zich te leggen. Een zekere keer nu was het zeer koud ; de Overste van het klooster liep die nacht rond en hoorde hem zeggen : ’k Dank U, Heer ; want zoveel rijken zitten er inde gevangenis ofwel met ijzeren kettingen geboeid of met hun voeten aan hout gebonden, en ik ben als een koning zo vrij ; ik steek mijn voeten uit en wandel waar ik wil.” Spiegel u aan dit voorbeeld van armoe. 10. Het tweede, dat u in liefde tot de armoe ontsteken moet, is de Goddelijke belofte, die onschatbaar is. Goede Heer Jezus, mild voor allen, wie kan met woorden naar waarde roemen, met zijn hart begrijpen, met z’n pen beschrijven de hemelglorie, die Gij volgens belofte aan Uw armen geven zult. Want juist door hun vrijwillige armoe verdienen zij God te verheerlijken; verdienen zij de macht van God te delen en in te gaan die eeuwige tenten, die lichtende woningen ; verdienen zij burgers te worden van die stad, waarvan God de stichter en houwer is. Met Uw gezegende mond hebt Gij immers beloofd : „Zalig de armen van geest, want bet hemelrijk is van hen. Heer Jezus Christus, dat hemelrijk zijt Gij zelf, die Koning der koningen en Heer der heersers zijt. U zelf zult Gij geven als beloning, vergelding en vreugde. Zij zullen U genieten, in U vreugde vinden, van U verzadigd worden. „De armen immers zullen eten en verzadigd worden, en prijzen zullen zij den Heer, Dien zij zoeken ; en kloppen zullen hun harten van eeuw tot eeuw.” Over ’t stilzwijgen en de zwijgzaamheid. 1. Tot de volmaaktheid van de religieusen draagt ook niet weinig bij de deugd van stilzwijgen ; want ~gelijk in veel spreken wel zonde zal zijn,’ zo zal weinig en zelden spreken de mens voor zonden bewaren. En gelijk uit al te veel spreken dikwijls onrecht volgt tegenover God en de naaste, zo vindt de rechtvaardigheid, waarvan men als vaneen boom vruchten plukt van vrede, in stilzwijgen baar voedsel. En daar kloosterlingen de vrede broodnodig hebben, is voor dezen ook onmisbaar bet stilzwijgen, daar dit haar lichamelijke kalmte en zielerust bewaart. Daar- VIERDE HOOFDSTUK. verzorging der rechtvaardigheid is het stilzwijgen. Daarmee wil hij als ’t ware zeggen : het stilzwijgen vermag zó veel, dat het inde mens de gerechtigheid jegens God bewaart, en de vrede bevordert en bevestigt onder de naasten. Want als de mens niet zeer bezorgd is, ’n wacht voor zijn mond te zetten, dan verliest hij spoedig zijn bovennatuurlijke schatten en valt in veel kwaad. „De tong, zegt de H. Jacobus, is wel ’n klein lidmaat, maar werkt grote dingen uit ; ze is ’n vuur en de samenvatting van alle verderf, ’ omdat, naar de Glossa zegt, „in baar bijna alle misdaden hun oorsprong of uitvoering vinden.’ Wilt ge boren, wat ’n rampen uit de tong voortkomen, als ze niet ijverig bewaakt wordt ? Luister dan en ik zal het u zeggen. Uit de tong komt voort gemor en leugen, en kwaadspreken en vleierij, Karde hatelijkheden en twist, bespotting der goeden, om zegt de profeet Isaïas: „De uitwerking der rechtvaardigheid is de vrede en de slechte raad, valse geruchten, grootsprekerij, schending van geheimen, onvoorzichtig bedreigen, beloven, veelpraterij en platte geestigheden. Beslist, ’t is voor ’t vrouwelijk geslacht ’n grote schande, en ’n grote oneer is het voor Godgewijde maagden voor hun mond geen wacht te hebben, en de tong niet in tucht te houden, nu er zoveel kwaad bedreven wordt doorn altijd ratelende tong. Ja, ik durf zeggen : ’n religieuse, die door drukpraten de tucht van stilzwijgen verliest, roemt ten onrechte over bezit van deugden. Want de Schriftuur verklaart : „Wie meent, godvruchtig te zijn, terwijl hij z n tong niet bedwingt, die bedriegt zich zelf, en niet echt is zijn godsvrucht.” 2. Geliefde Bruiden van Jezus Christus, ziet op naar uw Meesteresse Maria, die spiegel van deugden, en leert van Haar uw tong te betomen. Hoe zwijgzaam zij was, blijkt voldoende uit het H. Evangelie. Als we dat doorlezen, dan Het H. Evangelie tekent slechts ’n onderhoud met vier personen aan, waarin zij zeven woorden heeft gesproken : twee met de Engel, twee met haar Zoon, twee met Elizabeth, en met de dienaars op de bruiloft slechts één. Hierdoor wordt toch beschaamd onze praatzucht, waardoor we neigen tot veel spreken, terwijl zwijgen toch zo nuttig is. 3. ’t Eerste nut bestaat hierin, dat het leidt tot berouw, ’n Mens, die zwijgt, gaat na zijn eigen gangen en heeft gelegenheid om te bedenken, hoe dikwijls hij misdoet en hoe weinig voortgang hij maakt ; en daaruit groeit berouw. „Ik werd stom, zegt David, en ik werd vernederd en ik zweeg van het goede en mijn berouw werd vernieuwd.” Een tweede nut is dit : het toont dat de mens hemels is. leeft en de landstaal niet spreekt, dan lijkt hij n vreemdeling te zijn ; zo toont iemand, die inde wereld leeft en de taal der wereld niet spreekt klaarblijkelijk, dat hij niet van de wereld is ; want wie van de aarde is, spreekt van de aarde, staat in Johannes’ Evangelie. Niets nu helpt de mens zozeer in ’t bewaren van het stilzwijgen als ’t vermijden van de omgang met mensen en ’t leiden van ’n eenzaam leven. Die mens immers, die zich reeds opgeheven heeft boven de staat der mensen, dient geen trooster te hebben, om er mee te spreken, behalve God alleen ; en daarom moet hij in afzondering leven en zwijgen ; want sedert hij God tot gezel heeft, moet hem aan omgang met mensen niets gelegen liggen. Daarom wordt in het derde hoofdstuk der Threni gezegd : „Eenzaam zal hij zitten en zwijgen, omdat hij zich boven zich zelf heeft opgeheven. Zitten zal hij eenzaam, door omgang met mensen te vermijden en hij zal zwijgen denkend aan hemelse dingen ; en 4. Voor alle kloosterlingen is het stilzwijgen noodzakelijk voor hun volmaking, bijzonder echter is het voor Godgewijde maagden, die dienen bij Jezus Christus, noodzakelijk, dat zij de tucht van zwijgen onderhouden. Want zo kostbaar diende haar woord te zijn en zo bescheiden van tong dienden zij te zijn, dat zij slechts noodgedwongen ’n woord spraken. De H. Hieronymus zegt : „Het gesprek ener maagd moet bescheiden zijn en schaars en niet zo zeer van waarde door kracht van welsprekendheid als wel door bescheidenheid.’ Dit raadt ook de wijsgeer Seneca aan met de woorden : „Met het oog op volmaaktheid wil ik, dat ge weinig, zelden en met zachte stem spreekt.” Luister praatzieke, lawaaierige en luidruchtige zuster : om u te gewennen aan stilzwijgen, zoudt ge moeten doen, wat de verheven heeft hij zich boven zich zelf door hemelzoetheid te smaken.” abt Agathon deed. Inde levens der Vaders leest men, dat hij drie jaar lang n steentje in zijn mond lei, totdat hij eindelijk zwijgen kon. Leg ook gij een steentje op uw tong, hecht uw tong aan ’t gehemelte, leg uw vinger op uw mond, om zwijgzaam te worden ; want t misstaat erg ineen bruid van Christus, dat zij converseren wil met iemand anders dan haar bruidegom Jezus Christus. 5. Praat dus zelden, weinig en kort ; praat bedeesd en bescheiden en praat zo goed als niet over uw eigen aangelegenheden. Bedek uw gelaat met de sluier der bescheidenheid, naai uw lippen aaneen met de draad der tucht, en laat uw woord kort zijn en zeldzaam en nuttig en bescheiden en nederig. Praat zelden en weinig, want in veel spreken is al licht zonde. Zorg ervoor geen ijdele woorden te spreken, want de mens moet op de oordeelsdag rekenschap afleggen van alle ijdele woorden. En zoals de Glossa zegt, is ieder woord ijdel, dat men spreekt zonder nut voor zich zelf of de toehoorder. Zwijgen is dus beter en nuttiger dan spreken ; want de wijze Xenokrates zei : „Wel heb ik er ooit spijt van gehad gesproken te hebben, maar nog nooit heeft het me berouwd te hebben gezwegen. Over de zorg voor ’t gebed. l. Voor ’n bruid van Christus, die vorderen wil in volmaaktheid, is heel bijzonder nodig, dat ze gedurig zich oefent in gebed en godsvrucht ; want ’n ongodvruchtige en lauwe kloosterling, die niet standvastig zich toelegt op gebed, is niet enkel ongelukkig en nutteloos, maar draagt n dode ziel in n levend lichaam. De deugd van godsvrucht immers oefent zo n krachtige invloed uit, dat zij alleen alle kracht ontneemt aan de bekoringen en verlokkingen van den bozen vijand, den enige, die God-dienenden hinderen wil in haar opgang naar de hemel. Geen wonder dus, dat iemand die haar gebed niet voortdurend verzorgt, dikwijls treurig in bekoringen bezwijkt. De H. Isidorus zegt daarom : ~Dit is VIJFDE HOOFDSTUK. het redmiddel voor wie brandt van bekoring : zo dikwijls n zonde haar aanraakt, moet zij zich tot gebed begeven, want ’n herhaald gebed dooft de aantastende vlam der zonden. ’t Zelfde zegt onze Heer in ’t Evangelie : „Waakt en bidt. om niet in bekoringen te vallen.” Zó krachtig is ’n devoot gebed, dat het bij alles en altijd winst afwerpt : inde winter en de zomer, bij helder weer en regen, ’s nachts en overdag, op feesten en gewone dagen, in ziekte en gezondheid, inde jonge jaren en op latere leeftijd, wanneer men staat en zit en gaat, in ’t choor verblijft of daar buiten. Ja dikwijls wint men in één uur door bidden meer dan heel de wereld waard is ; want door ’n beetje vroom gebed verkrijgt men t hemelrijk. Voor zover ik door Gods genade kan. wil ik u leren, hoe ge bidden moet, ofschoon ik zelf in deze meer onderrichting behoef dan gij. 2. Godminnende zuster, ge moet weten, dat voor een volmaakt gebed drie dingen nodig zijn. Wanneer ge in gebed zijt, dan moet ge in rechte houding, het hart naar boven gericht, alle zintuigen sluiten voor wat u omringt, en in diepe stilte in uw bitter rouwend hart denken over al uw ongeluk van nu en van vroeger en later. Ten eerste moet ge zorgvuldig overdenken, hoe grote en hoe vele zonden ge in uw leven bedreven hebt, en wat ’n goed ge inde wereld en int klooster hebt nagelaten en wat n genade van uw Schepper ge vaak hebt verloren. Ook moet ge overwegen, hoe ver ge door de zonde van God zijt weggegaan, gij, die eerst zo dicht bij Hem waart ; hoe ongelijk ge geworden bent aan God, gij die eerst zo zeer op Hem leek ; hoe schoon ge eens waart in uw ziel, die nu schandelijk besmet is. Nagaan moet ge, waarheen de zonde u leidt, naar de ingang der hel ; wat uop die weg te wachten staat : de vreeswekkende dag van ’t oordeel, wat u voor dit alles zal worden gegeven : een eeuwig sterven in vuur. Dan moet ge met den tollenaar op uw borst slaan, met den profeet David kermend zuchten, en met Maria Magdalena Jezus’ voeten wassen met uw tranen ; ge moet geen mate kennen in uw berouw, daar ge mateloos uw Geliefde beledigd hebt. Dat raadt ook St. Isidorus aan : „Wanneer we biddend voor God staan, moeten we zuchten en wenen bij de herinnering, boe ernstig het is, hetgeen we misdreven hebben, hoe hard de hellestraffen zijn, die wij hebben te duchten. En deze rouwvolle overwegingen moeten ’t begin zijn van uw gebed. 3. Het tweede, dat een Bruid van God bij 't gebed noodzakelijk is, is de dankzegging, om namelijk baar Schepper in alle nederigheid te danken voor alle weldaden, die ze ontvangen heeft en nog ontvangen zal. Hiertoe spoort de Apostel Paulus aan in zijn brief aan de Kolossensen : ~Leg u toe op gebed en denk aan dankzegging.” Want niets is er dat de mens de goddelijke gaven zo waardig maakt als Hem te danken voor ontvangen gunsten. Vandaar dat St. Augustinus in zijn schrijven aan Aurelius zegt : „Wat kunnen we beter in ons binnenste laten weerklinken en uitspreken met onze mond en neerschrijven met de pen dan : „dank U God ?” Niets korters kan er gezegd, niets blijers gehoord, niets groters gedacht, niets nuttigers gedaan worden.” Tijdens uw gebed moet ge dus dankend bedenken, dat God u mens maakte en Christen, dat Hij u talloze zonden vergaf en voor talloze zonden bewaarde, dat Hij u niet sterven liet inde wereld, maar uitkoos voor t verheven kloosterleven, dat Hij u voedde en nog voedt zonder zorg van uw kant, dat Hij mens werd voor u en Zich besnijden en dopen liet, dat Hij voor u arm werd en gering en verachtelijk, dat Hij om u vastte en honger leed en dorst en Zich zwaar vermoeide, dat Hij om u schreide en bloedig zweette, dat Hij u voedde met Zijn Allerheiligst Lichaam en laafde met Zijn kostbaar Bloed, dat Hij voor u geslagen werd en bespuwd en bespot en gegeseld, dat Hij gekruisigd werd voor u en gewond en n wrede schandelijke dood onderging en u zó vrijkocht, dat Hij begraven werd en verrees en ten hemel steeg en den H. Geest gaf, dat Hij u en al Zijn uitverkorenen het hemelrijk beloofde. Zo’n bedanken is bovenmate nuttig in t gebed en zonder dat mist uw bidden zijn kracht. Want naar St. Bernardus’ getuigenis is ondankbaarheid n verschroeiende wind, die de bron der godsvrucht, de dauw der erbarming en de stroom der genade droogt. 4- Ten derde wordt voor ’n volmaakt gebed noodzakelijk vereist, dat de ziel tijdens het bidden uitsluitend denkt aan baar bidden, ’t Is immers zeer onpassend. |
626398_1 | Wikipedia | CC-By-SA | Telenor AB er en svensk teleoperatør som tilbyr mobil-, bredbånds- og fastnettjenester. Selskapet oppsto i 2006 ved en sammenslåing av selskapene Vodafone Sverige (Europolitan), Bredbandsbolaget, og Glocalnet. Telenor AB i Sverige er 100% eid av norske Telenor. Selskapet har hovedkvarter i Stockholm og Karlskrona, hvor kundeservice er lokalisert. Hovedkvarteret i Karlskrona ble opprettholdt som del av en avtale med den svenske regjeringen som forutsetning da Telenor fikk kjøpe opp de svenske selskapene. Administrerende direktør siden 16. april 2009 er Lars-Åke Norling.
Telenor AB er den tredje største mobiloperatøren i Sverige, etter Telia og Tele2, og er det eneste selskapet utenom Telia som tilbyr både mobil, fast- og bredbåndskommunikasjon til privat- og bedriftsmarkedene. Dette gjør Telenor AB til Telias fremste utfordrer. I Sverige eier Telenor også mobilselskapet djuice – som henvender seg til prisbevisst ungdom – og TV-distributøren Canal Digital med kabelnett og satellittilbud. Disse selskapene er derimot direkte eid av Telenor ASA i Norge, og ikke av Telenor AB.
I 2008 hadde Telenor AB om lag 17,5% markedsandel innen mobilområdet, og en omsetning på 4,4 mrd norske kroner. Antall mobilkunder er 1,9 millioner og antall bredbåndskunder 438 000.
Referanser
Eksterne lenker
Svenske teleselskaper
Telenors utenlandske datterselskaper
Selskaper etablert i 2006
2006 i Sverige.
|
github_open_source_100_8_20060 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | #!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import logging
log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
import sys
import json
from ipaddress import IPv4Address
from ipaddress import IPv6Address
from ipaddress import _BaseAddress
from lib.message import Message
from .notifier import Notifier
import zmq
class ZMQNotifier(Notifier):
_ip = IPv4Address("127.0.0.1")
_port = 5565
_proto = "tcp"
_sock = None
def _getSockString(self):
return "{0}://{1}:{2}".format(self._proto, self._ip, self._port)
def setIP(self, ip: _BaseAddress):
self._ip = ip
def setPort(self, p:int):
if not (p > 0 and p < 65535):
raise ValueError("invalid range")
self._port = p
def listen(self):
self.validate()
log.info("Starting ZMQ Publisher..")
self._sock = zmq.Context().socket(zmq.PUB)
bindaddr = self._getSockString()
log.info("Binding to '{}'".format(bindaddr))
self._sock.bind(bindaddr)
def stop(self):
if self._sock is not None:
log.info("Closing ZMQ socket..")
self._sock.close()
def on_notify(self, msg:Message):
log.info("Received {} {}".format(sys._getframe().f_code.co_name, msg))
self.send_to_wire(type(msg).__name__, json.dumps(msg.toObject(), sort_keys=True))
def send_to_wire(self, topic, data):
log.info("Sending to socket: '{}'".format(data))
self._sock.send_string("{} {}".format(topic, data))
def validate(self) -> bool:
if not (isinstance(self._ip, IPv4Address) or isinstance(self._ip, IPv6Address)):
raise TypeError("IP address is invalid")
return True |
github_open_source_100_8_20061 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
// except according to those terms.
use std::net::SocketAddr;
use crate::cid::{ConnectionId, ConnectionIdRef};
use neqo_common::Datagram;
/// This is the MTU that we assume when using IPv6.
/// We use this size for Initial packets, so we don't need to worry about probing for support.
/// If the path doesn't support this MTU, we will assume that it doesn't support QUIC.
///
/// This is a multiple of 16 greater than the largest possible short header (1 + 20 + 4).
pub const PATH_MTU_V6: usize = 1337;
/// The path MTU for IPv4 can be 20 bytes larger than for v6.
pub const PATH_MTU_V4: usize = PATH_MTU_V6 + 20;
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
pub struct Path {
local: SocketAddr,
remote: SocketAddr,
local_cids: Vec<ConnectionId>,
remote_cid: ConnectionId,
reset_token: Option<[u8; 16]>,
}
impl Path {
/// Create a path from addresses and connection IDs.
pub fn new(
local: SocketAddr,
remote: SocketAddr,
local_cid: ConnectionId,
remote_cid: ConnectionId,
) -> Self {
Self {
local,
remote,
local_cids: vec![local_cid],
remote_cid,
reset_token: None,
}
}
pub fn received_on(&self, d: &Datagram) -> bool {
self.local == d.destination() && self.remote == d.source()
}
pub fn mtu(&self) -> usize {
if self.local.is_ipv4() {
PATH_MTU_V4
} else {
PATH_MTU_V6 // IPv6
}
}
/// Add a connection ID to the local set.
pub fn add_local_cid(&mut self, cid: ConnectionId) {
self.local_cids.push(cid);
}
/// Determine if the given connection ID is valid.
pub fn valid_local_cid(&self, cid: &ConnectionIdRef) -> bool {
self.local_cids.iter().any(|c| c == cid)
}
/// Get the first local connection ID.
pub fn local_cid(&self) -> &ConnectionId {
self.local_cids.first().as_ref().unwrap()
}
/// Set the remote connection ID based on the peer's choice.
pub fn set_remote_cid(&mut self, cid: &ConnectionIdRef) {
self.remote_cid = ConnectionId::from(cid);
}
/// Access the remote connection ID.
pub fn remote_cid(&self) -> &ConnectionId {
&self.remote_cid
}
/// Set the stateless reset token for the connection ID that is currently in use.
pub fn set_reset_token(&mut self, token: [u8; 16]) {
self.reset_token = Some(token);
}
/// Access the reset token.
pub fn reset_token(&self) -> Option<&[u8; 16]> {
self.reset_token.as_ref()
}
/// Make a datagram.
pub fn datagram<V: Into<Vec<u8>>>(&self, payload: V) -> Datagram {
Datagram::new(self.local, self.remote, payload)
}
/// Get local address as `SocketAddr`
pub fn local_address(&self) -> SocketAddr {
self.local
}
/// Get remote address as `SocketAddr`
pub fn remote_address(&self) -> SocketAddr {
self.remote
}
}
|
US-202318154337-A_4 | USPTO | Public Domain | The at least one RAN is located in the first geographic area. In other words, in S909, the AMF may send the proximity service discovery parameter of the first application to the RAN located in the first geographic area.
S910. The UE #1 establishes a first sidelink with the UE #2. This step is the same as S711 and S810.
S911. The UE #1 sends a sidelink configuration request message to the RAN. Correspondingly, the RAN receives the sidelink configuration request message sent by the UE #1. This step is the same as S811.
S912. The RAN determines whether the proximity service discovery parameter of the first application is stored.
S913. If the RAN stores the proximity service discovery parameter of the first application, the RAN sends sidelink configuration information to the UE #1. The sidelink configuration information is for configuring a corresponding communication resource for the first sidelink. Correspondingly, the UE #1 receives the sidelink configuration information sent by the RAN.
Optionally, the sidelink configuration information may further include a cause why the communication resource corresponding to the first sidelink is configured, and the cause is that the UE #1 is located in the first geographic area.
S914. If the RAN does not store the proximity service discovery parameter of the first application, the RAN sends a configuration rejection message to the UE #1. The configuration rejection message is for rejecting configuration of the corresponding communication resource for the first sidelink. Correspondingly, the UE #1 receives the configuration rejection message sent by the RAN.
If the RAN stores the proximity service discovery parameter of the first application, it indicates that the RAN is located in the first geographic area, and the UE #1 is located in the first geographic area, either. Therefore, the RAN may configure, for the UE #1, the communication resource corresponding to the first sidelink. In this case, the UE #1 and the UE #2 can use the first application through the first sidelink.
If the RAN does not store the proximity service discovery parameter of the first application, it indicates that the RAN is not in the first geographic area, and the UE #1 is not in the first geographic area either. Therefore, the RAN may reject configuration of the communication resource corresponding to the first sidelink for the UE #1. In this case, the UE # and the UE #2 cannot use the first application through the first sidelink.
Optionally, the configuration rejection message further indicates a cause why configuration of the corresponding communication resource for the first sidelink is rejected, and the cause is that the UE #1 is not in the first geographic area.
It should be understood that in practice, only one of the two steps S913 and S914 is performed, and the two steps are not performed simultaneously.
Optionally, the method may further include the following step.
When the UE #1 is handed over from the RAN to a target RAN, if the target RAN is located in the first geographic area, the RAN sends the proximity service discovery parameter of the first application to the target RAN. Correspondingly, the target RAN receives the proximity service discovery parameter of the first application sent by the RAN.
In other words, if the UE #1 is handed over to a RAN due to movement or the like, if the target RAN is located in the first geographic area, the proximity service discovery parameter of the first application may be sent by a source RAN to a target RAN during the handover. In this way, the target RAN may determine, based on whether the proximity service discovery parameter of the first application is stored, whether to continue to allocate, to the UE #1, a communication resource corresponding to a new first sidelink.
In conclusion, according to the proximity service communication method provided in this application, the DDNMF may send the proximity service discovery parameter of the first application to the RAN located in the first geographic area corresponding to the proximity service discovery parameter. When requesting, from the RAN, the communication resource for using the first application through a sidelink, the UE may carry the proximity service discovery parameter of the first application. The RAN may determine, based on whether the proximity service discovery parameter of the first application is stored, whether the UE is located in the first geographic area, so as to determine, based on a determining result, whether to allocate, to the UE, the communication resource for using the first application through the sidelink. This limits, at an application granularity, side communication used by the UE.
The method 900 differs from the method 700 in that, the DDNMF does not need to monitor a location of the UE, but the RAN determines whether the first proximity service discovery parameter is stored. This reduces changes of a core network element.
FIG. 10A and FIG. 10B are a schematic flowchart of a proximity service communication method according to this application. The method 1000 may be applied to the system 300 shown in FIGS. 3.
S1001 to S1003 are the same as steps S701 to S703 in the method 700.
S1004. The PCF generates a first proximity service key based on the information about the first application or based on the information about the first application and the information about the first geographic area.
If geographic areas in which all UEs can use the first application are the first geographic area, the PCF may generate a key, that is, the first proximity service key, based on the information about the first application. If geographic areas in which different UEs can use the first application are different, the PCF may generate the first proximity service key based on the information about the first application, the information about the first geographic area, and an identifier of UE #1.
S1005. The PCF sends the first proximity service key to the UE #1. Correspondingly, the UE #1 receives the first proximity service key sent by the PCF.
The PCF network element may store the first proximity service key in a user policy container, and send the user policy container to the UE #1 along with user configuration information of the UE #1 by using an AMF network element.
S1006. The PCF sends the first proximity service key and the information about the first geographic area to the AMF. Correspondingly, the AMF receives the first proximity service key and the information about the first geographic area that are sent by the PCF.
Optionally, the PCF may further send the identifier of the UE #1.
S1007. The AMF sends the first proximity service key and the information about the first geographic area to at least one RAN. Correspondingly, the at least one RAN receives the first proximity service key and the information about the first geographic area that are sent by the AMF.
Optionally, the AMF may further send the identifier of the UE #1.
Optionally, the AMF may send the first proximity service key and the information about the first geographic area to the at least one RAN as a part of context of the UE #1.
The at least one RAN may be all RANs connected to the AMF.
S1008 to S1010 are the same as S805 to S807 in the method 800.
S1011. The UE #1 establishes a first sidelink with the UE #2. This step is the same as S810.
S1012. The UE #1 sends a sidelink configuration request message to the RAN. Correspondingly, the RAN receives the sidelink configuration request message sent by the UE #1.
The sidelink configuration request message includes the first proximity service key. In addition, the sidelink configuration request message may further include QoS configuration information of the first sidelink. For specific content of the QoS configuration information of the first sidelink, refer to the foregoing descriptions of S712.
S1013. The RAN determines, based on a correspondence between a proximity service key and information about a geographic area, that the first proximity service key corresponds to the first geographic area.
Specifically, the RAN may store the correspondence that is between the proximity service key and the information about the geographic area and that is sent by the AMF, for example, store a correspondence between the first proximity service key and the information about the first geographic area. When receiving the first proximity service key carried in the sidelink configuration request message, the RAN may determine, based on the correspondence between the proximity service key and the information about the geographic area, that the first proximity service key corresponds to the first geographic area.
S1014 to S1016 are the same as steps S813 to S815.
In other words, the RAN determines whether the UE #1 is located in the first geographic area. If the UE #1 is located in the first geographic area, the RAN sends sidelink configuration information to the UE #1. The sidelink configuration information is for configuring a corresponding communication resource for the first sidelink. Otherwise, the RAN sends a configuration rejection message to the UE #1. The configuration rejection message is for rejecting configuration of the corresponding communication resource for the first sidelink.
Optionally, the configuration rejection message further indicates a cause why configuration of the corresponding communication resource for the first sidelink is rejected. The cause is that the UE #1 is not in the first geographic area.
Optionally, the method may further include the following step.
When the UE #1 is handed over from the RAN to a target RAN, the RAN sends the first proximity service key and the information about the corresponding first geographic area to the target RAN. Correspondingly, the target RAN receives the first proximity service key and the information about the corresponding first geographic area that are sent by the RAN.
In other words, if the UE #1 is handed over to a RAN due to movement or the like, the first proximity service key and the information about the corresponding first geographic area may be sent by a source RAN to the target RAN during handover. In this way, the target RAN may determine, based on whether the UE #1 is in the first geographic area, whether to continue to allocate, the UE #1, a communication resource corresponding to a new first sidelink.
In conclusion, according to the proximity service communication method provided in this application, the PCF may generate the first proximity service key based on the information about the first application and/or the information about the corresponding first geographic area that are/is provided by the AF. The PCF may provide the first proximity service key for the UE, and provide the first proximity service key and the information about the first geographic area for the RAN. When requesting, from the RAN, the communication resource for using the first application through a sidelink, the UE may carry the first proximity service key. The RAN determines, based on the information about the first geographic area corresponding to the first proximity service key, whether the UE is located in the first geographic area, so as to determine, based on a determining result, whether to allocate, to the UE, the communication resource for using the first application through the sidelink. This limits, at an application granularity, sidelink communication used by the UE.
The method 1000 differs from the method 800 in that a core network element does not need to monitor a location of the UE. This reduces operations of the core network. Further, in the method, the first proximity service key generated by the PCF at an application granularity can be sent to the UE along with policy information of the UE. In terms of operation, this is a static configuration. In the methods 800 and 900, configurations of the first proximity service discovery parameter are dynamical configurations. Therefore, the method 1000 can further reduce operation complexity and is easy to implement.
FIG. 11A and FIG. 11B are a schematic flowchart of a proximity service communication method according to this application. The method 1100 may be applied to the system 300 shown in FIG. 3 . The method differs from the method 1000 in: In the method 1000, the AMF may send, to all connected RANs, the first proximity service key corresponding to the first application and the information about the corresponding first geographic area, and the RAN determines, based on the first proximity service key provided by the UE, whether the UE is in the corresponding first geographic area, so as to determine whether to allocate, to the UE, the communication resource for using the first application through a sidelink. However, in the method 1100, the AMF sends, to only a RAN located in the first geographic area, the first proximity service key corresponding to the first application, so that the RAN indirectly determines, based on whether the first proximity service key is stored, whether the UE is in the corresponding first geographic area, so as to determine whether to allocate, to the UE, the communication resource for using the first application through a sidelink.
S1101 to S1106 are the same as steps S1001 to S1006 in the method 1000.
S1107. The AMF sends the first proximity service key to at least one RAN. Correspondingly, the at least one RAN receives the first proximity service key sent by the AMF.
Optionally, the AMF may further send an identifier of the UE #1.
Optionally, the AMF may send the first proximity service key to the at least one RAN as a part of context of the UE #1.
The at least one RAN is located in the first geographic area. In other words, in S1107, the AMF may send the first proximity service key to the RAN located in the first geographic area.
S1108 to S1112 are the same as S1008 to S1012 in the method 1000.
S1113. The RAN determines whether the first proximity service key is stored.
S1114. If the RAN stores the first proximity service key, the RAN sends sidelink configuration information to the UE #1. The sidelink configuration information is for configuring a corresponding communication resource for a first sidelink. Correspondingly, the UE #1 receives the sidelink configuration information sent by the RAN.
S1115. If the RAN does not store the first proximity service key, the RAN sends a configuration rejection message to the UE #1. The configuration rejection message is for rejecting configuration of the corresponding communication resource for the first sidelink. Correspondingly, the UE #1 receives the configuration rejection message sent by the RAN.
If the RAN stores the first proximity service key, it indicates that the RAN is located in the first geographic area, and the UE #1 is also located in the first geographic area. Therefore, the RAN may configure, for the UE #1, the communication resource corresponding to the first sidelink, so that the UE #1 can use the first application with the UE #2 through the first sidelink.
If the RAN does not store the first proximity service key, it indicates that the RAN is not in the first geographic area, and the UE #1 is not in the first geographic area either. Therefore, the RAN may reject configuration of the communication resource corresponding to the first sidelink for the UE #1. In this case, the UE #1 cannot use the first application with the UE #2 through the first sidelink.
Optionally, the configuration rejection message further indicates a cause why configuration of the corresponding communication resource for the first sidelink is rejected, and the cause is that the UE #1 is not in the first geographic area.
Optionally, the method may further include the following step.
When the UE #1 is handed over from the RAN to a target RAN, if the target RAN is located in the first geographic area, the RAN sends the first proximity service key to the target RAN. Correspondingly, the target RAN receives the first proximity service key sent by the RAN.
In other words, if the UE #1 is handed over to a RAN due to movement or the like, if the target RAN is located in the first geographic area, the first proximity service key may be sent by a source RAN to the target RAN during handover. In this way, the target RAN may determine, based on whether the first proximity service key is stored, whether to continue to allocate, to the UE #1, a communication resource corresponding to a new first sidelink.
In conclusion, according to the proximity service communication method provided in this application, the PCF may generate the first proximity service key based on the proximity service discovery parameter of the first application and the information about the corresponding first geographic area that are provided by the AF. The PCF may provide the first proximity service key to the UE and the RAN located in the first geographic area. When requesting, from the RAN, the communication resource for using the first application through a sidelink, the UE may carry the first proximity service key. The RAN may determine, based on whether the first proximity service key is stored, whether the UE is located in the first geographic area, so as to determine, based on a determining result, whether to allocate, to the UE, the communication resource for using the first application through the sidelink. This limits, at an application granularity, sidelink communication by the UE.
The method 1100 differs from the methods 800 and 900 in that a core network element does not need to monitor a location of the UE. This reduces operations of the core network. Further, in the method, the first proximity service key generated by the PCF at an application granularity can be sent to the UE along with policy information of the UE. In terms of operation, this is a static configuration. In the methods 800 and 900, configurations of the first proximity service discovery parameter are dynamic configurations. Therefore, the method 1100 can further reduce operation complexity and is easy to implement.
FIG. 12A and FIG. 12B are a schematic flowchart of a proximity service communication method according to this application. The method 1200 may be applied to the system 400 shown in FIG. 4.
S1201 to S1208 are the same as S801 to S808 in the method 800.
S1209. The AMF sends the information about the first geographic area and the proximity service discovery parameter of the first application to a central control device. Correspondingly, the central control device receives the information about the first geographic area and the proximity service discovery parameter of the first application that are sent by the AMF.
Optionally, the AMF may send the proximity service discovery parameter of the first application to the central control device as a part of context of the UE #1.
Step S1209 differs from the method S809 in that, the AMF herein sends the information about the first geographic area and the proximity service discovery parameter of the first application to the central control device, but sends the information about the first geographic area and the proximity service discovery parameter of the first application to the RAN in S809.
S1210 and S1211 are the same as steps S810 and S811 in the method 800.
S1212. The RAN sends the first proximity service discovery parameter to the central control device. Correspondingly, the central control device receives the first proximity service discovery parameter sent by the RAN.
S1213. The central control device determines, based on a correspondence between a proximity service discovery parameter and information about a geographic area, that the first proximity service discovery parameter corresponds to the first geographic area.
Specifically, the central control device may store the correspondence that is between the proximity service discovery parameter and the information about the geographic area and that is sent by the AMF, for example, store a correspondence between the first proximity service discovery parameter and the information about the first geographic area. When receiving the first proximity service discovery parameter, the central control device may determine, based on the correspondence between the proximity service discovery parameter and the information about the geographic area, that the first proximity service discovery parameter corresponds to the first geographic area.
S1214. The central control device determines whether the UE #1 (or the RAN) is located in the first geographic area.
S1215. If the UE #1 (or the RAN) is located in the first geographic area, the central control device sends first indication information to the RAN. The first indication information indicates that the RAN is allowed to configure, for the UE #1, the communication resource corresponding to the first sidelink. Correspondingly, the RAN receives the first indication information sent by the central control device.
S1216. The RAN sends sidelink configuration information to the UE #1, where the sidelink configuration information is for configuring the corresponding communication resource for the first sidelink. Correspondingly, the UE #1 receives the sidelink configuration information sent by the RAN.
S1217. If the UE #1 (or the RAN) is not in the first geographic area, the central control device sends second indication information to the RAN. The second indication information indicates that the RAN is not allowed to configure, for the UE #1, the communication resource corresponding to the first sidelink. Correspondingly, the RAN receives the second indication information sent by the central control device.
S1218. The RAN sends a configuration rejection message to the UE #1, where the configuration rejection message is for rejecting configuration of the corresponding communication resource for the first sidelink. Correspondingly, the UE #1 receives the configuration rejection message sent by the RAN.
Optionally, the configuration rejection message further indicates a cause why configuration of the corresponding communication resource for the first sidelink is rejected, and the cause is that the UE #1 is not in the first geographic area.
According to the proximity service communication method provided in this application, the DDNMF may provide the proximity service discovery parameter of the first application and the information about the corresponding first geographic area for the central control device by using the AMF. When requesting, from the RAN, the communication resource for using the first application through a sidelink, the UE may carry the first proximity service discovery parameter. The RAN may send the first proximity service discovery parameter to the central control device. The central control device may determine, based on the information about the first geographic area corresponding to the first proximity service discovery parameter, whether the UE or the RAN is located in the first geographic area, so as to determine, based on a determining result, whether to allocate, to the UE, the communication resource for using the first application through the sidelink. This limits, at an application granularity, sidelink communication used by the UE.
FIG. 13A and FIG. 13B are a schematic flowchart of a proximity service communication method according to this application. The method 1300 may be applied to the system 400 shown in FIGS. 4.
S1301 to S1306 are the same as steps S1001 to S1006 in the method 1000.
S1307. The AMF sends the first proximity service key and the information about the first geographic area to a central control device. Correspondingly, the central control device receives the first proximity service key and the information about the first geographic area that are sent by the AMF.
Optionally, the AMF may send the first proximity service key as a part of context of the UE #1 to the central control device.
Step S1307 differs from the method S1007 in that the AMF herein sends the information about the first geographic area and the first proximity service key to the central control device, but sends the information about the first geographic area and the first proximity service key to the RAN in S1007.
S1308 to S1312 are the same as steps S1008 to S1012 in the method 1000.
In other words, the UE #1 establishes a first sidelink with the UE #2. After establishing the first sidelink, the UE #1 sends a sidelink configuration request message to the RAN, where the sidelink configuration request message includes the first proximity service key.
S1313. The RAN sends the first proximity service key to the central control device. Correspondingly, the central control device receives the first proximity service key sent by the RAN.
S1314. The central control device determines, based on a correspondence between a proximity service key and information about a geographic area, that the first proximity service key corresponds to the first geographic area.
Specifically, the central control device may store the correspondence that is between the proximity service key and the information about the geographic area and that is sent by the AMF, for example, store a correspondence between the first proximity service key and the information about the first geographic area. When receiving the proximity service key, the central control device may determine, based on the correspondence between the proximity service key and the information about the geographic area, that the first proximity service key corresponds to the first geographic area.
S1315 to S1319 are the same as S1214 to S1218 in the method 1200.
In conclusion, according to the proximity service communication method provided in this application, the PCF may generate the first proximity service key based on the proximity service discovery parameter of the first application and the information about the corresponding first geographic area that are provided by the AF, and may provide the first proximity service key for the UE, and provide the first proximity service key and the information about the corresponding first geographic area for the central control device by using the AMF. When requesting, from the RAN, the communication resource for using the first application through a sidelink, the UE may carry the first proximity service key. The RAN may send the first proximity service key to the central control device. The central control device determines, based on the information about the first geographic area corresponding to the first proximity service key, whether the UE or the RAN is located in the first geographic area, so as to determine, based on a determining result, whether to allocate, to the UE, the communication resource for using the first application through the sidelink. This limits, at an application granularity, a sidelink used by the UE.
The methods provided in embodiments of this application are described above in detail with reference to FIG. 7A to FIG. 13B. Apparatuses provided in embodiments of this application are described below in detail with reference to FIG. 14 and FIG. 16.
FIG. 14 is a schematic block diagram of a communication apparatus according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in FIG. 14 , the communication apparatus 2000 may include a transceiver unit 2010 and/or a processing unit 2020.
The transceiver unit 2010 may be configured to send information to another apparatus or device, or receive information from another apparatus or device, for example, send or receive a proximity service discovery parameter of a first application. The processing unit 2020 may be configured to perform partial processing of the apparatus, for example, determine that the proximity service discovery parameter of the first application or a proximity service key corresponding to the first application corresponds to a first geographic area.
In an implementation, the communication apparatus 2000 corresponds to the management network element in the foregoing system or the DDNMF in the foregoing method embodiment. The communication apparatus 2000 may be a management network element (for example, the DDNMF) or a chip configured in the management network element, and may include units configured to perform operations performed by the management network element.
In an example, the communication apparatus 2000 corresponds to the management network element in the system 100 or the DDNMF in the method 700, and units in the communication apparatus 2000 are separately configured to implement operations performed by the management network element in the system 100 or operations performed by the DDNMF in the method 700.
Specifically, the transceiver unit 2010 is configured to: receive a request message from a terminal device, where the request message includes information about a first application, the request message requests a proximity service discovery parameter of the first application, and the proximity service discovery parameter is used by the terminal device to discover another terminal device that uses the first application; obtain information about a first geographic area in which the terminal device is allowed to use the first application through a sidelink, and location information of the terminal device; and when a geographic area indicated by the location information is located in the first geographic area, send the proximity service discovery parameter to the terminal device.
Optionally, the transceiver unit 2010 is further configured to: when the geographic area indicated by the location information is not in the first geographic area, send a response message to the terminal device, where the response message notifies the terminal device that the communication apparatus rejects allocation of the proximity service discovery parameter.
Optionally, the transceiver unit 2010 is further configured to: obtain first location indication information of the terminal device; and when the first location indication information indicates that the terminal device is not in the first geographic area, send a first update message to the terminal device, where the first update message notifies the terminal device that the proximity service discovery parameter becomes invalid.
Optionally, the transceiver unit 2010 is further configured to: receive second location indication information of the terminal device; and if the second location indication information indicates that the terminal device is located in the first geographic area, send a second update message to the terminal device, where the second update message is for allocating the proximity service discovery parameter.
Optionally, the transceiver unit 2010 is further configured to: receive sidelink information from the terminal device, where the sidelink information includes an identifier of a first sidelink established by the terminal device for the first application and information about the first application; and when the first location indication information of the terminal device indicates that the terminal device is not in the first geographic area, send first resource release indication information to an access network device, where the first resource release indication information includes the identifier of the first sidelink, the first resource release indication information is for releasing a resource for establishing the first sidelink, and/or the first resource release indication information indicates the access network device to release a communication resource corresponding to the first sidelink.
In another example, the communication apparatus 2000 corresponds to the management network element in the system 200, 300, or 400, or the DDNMF in any one of the methods 800 to 1300, and units in the communication apparatus 2000 are separately used to implement operations performed by the management network element in the corresponding systems or operations performed by the DDNMF in the corresponding methods.
Specifically, the transceiver unit 2010 is configured to receive a request message from a terminal device, where the request message requests a first proximity service discovery parameter, and the first proximity service discovery parameter is used by the terminal device to discover another terminal device that uses a first application. The processing unit 2020 is configured to generate the first proximity service discovery parameter based on the request message. The transceiver unit 2010 is further configured to obtain information about a corresponding first geographic area in which the terminal device is allowed to use the first application through a sidelink. The transceiver unit 2010 is further configured to send the first proximity service discovery parameter and the information about the first geographic area to a mobility management network element, and send the first proximity service discovery parameter to the terminal device.
In an implementation, the communication apparatus 2000 corresponds to the terminal device in the foregoing system or the UE in the foregoing method embodiment. The communication apparatus 2000 may be a terminal device (for example, UE) or a chip configured in the terminal device, and may include units configured to perform operations performed by the terminal device.
In an example, the communication apparatus 2000 corresponds to the terminal device in the system 100 or the UE in the method 700, and units in the communication apparatus 2000 are separately used to implement operations performed by the terminal device in the system 100 or operations performed by the UE in the method 700.
Specifically, the transceiver unit 2010 is configured to send a request message to a management network element, where the request message includes information about a first application, the request message requests a proximity service discovery parameter of the first application, and the proximity service discovery parameter is used by the terminal device to discover another terminal device that uses the first application. The transceiver unit 2010 is further configured to receive the proximity service discovery parameter from the management network element. The processing unit 2020 is configured to establish, based on the proximity service discovery parameter, a first sidelink with the another terminal device that uses the first application. The transceiver unit 2010 is further configured to obtain, from an access network device, a communication resource corresponding to the first sidelink. The transceiver unit 2010 is further configured to: when the terminal device is not in a first geographic area, receive a first update message from the management network element, where the first update message notifies the terminal device that the proximity service discovery parameter becomes invalid, and the first geographic area is a geographic area in which the terminal device is allowed to use the first application through a sidelink.
Optionally, the transceiver unit 2010 is further configured to: when the terminal device returns to the first geographic area again, receive a second update message from the management network element, where the second update message is for allocating the proximity service discovery parameter.
Optionally, the transceiver unit 2010 is further configured to send sidelink information to the management network element, where the sidelink information includes an identifier of the first sidelink and information about the first application.
Optionally, the transceiver unit 2010 is specifically configured to: send a sidelink configuration request message to the access network device, where the sidelink configuration request message includes the identifier of the first sidelink, and the sidelink configuration request message requests the access network device to configure, for the terminal device, the communication resource corresponding to the first sidelink; and receive a sidelink configuration response message from the access network device, where the sidelink configuration response message is for configuring the communication resource corresponding to the first sidelink.
Optionally, the transceiver unit 2010 is further configured to receive second resource release indication information from the access network device, where the second resource release indication information indicates the terminal device to release the communication resource corresponding to the first sidelink.
It should be understood that the communication apparatus 2000 may further correspond to the terminal device in any one of the systems 200 to 400 or the UE in any one of the methods 800 to 1300, and units in the communication apparatus 2000 are separately used to implement operations performed by the terminal device in the corresponding systems or operations performed by the UE in the corresponding methods. For details, refer to the foregoing descriptions of the corresponding systems or methods. Details are not described herein again.
In an implementation, the communication apparatus 2000 corresponds to the access network device in the foregoing systems or the RAN in the method embodiments. The communication apparatus 2000 may be an access network device (for example, UE) or a chip configured in the access network device, and may include units configured to perform operations performed by the access network device.
In an example, the communication apparatus 2000 corresponds to the access network device in the system 200 or 300, or the RAN in any one of the methods 800 to 1000, and units in the communication apparatus 2000 are separately used to implement operations performed by the access network device in the corresponding systems or operations performed by the RAN in the corresponding methods.
For example, the transceiver unit 2010 is configured to receive a sidelink configuration request message from a terminal device, where the sidelink configuration request message requests a communication resource corresponding to a first sidelink, the first sidelink is a sidelink established by the terminal device for a first application, the sidelink configuration request message includes first proximity service information, the first proximity service information is a first proximity service discovery parameter or a first proximity service key, the first proximity service discovery parameter is used by the terminal device to discover another terminal device that uses the first application, and the first proximity service key is generated based on information about the first application and information about a first geographic area in which the terminal device is allowed to use the first application through a sidelink. The processing unit 2020 is configured to determine, based on a correspondence between proximity service information and information about a geographic area, that the first proximity service information corresponds to the first geographic area. The transceiver unit 2010 is further configured to: when the terminal device is located in the first geographic area, send sidelink configuration information to the terminal device, where the sidelink configuration information is for configuring a corresponding communication resource for the first sidelink, or when the terminal device is not located in the first geographic area, send a configuration rejection message to the terminal device, where the configuration rejection message is for rejecting configuration of the corresponding communication resource for the first sidelink.
Optionally, the transceiver unit 2010 is further configured to receive the first proximity service discovery parameter and the information about the first geographic area from a mobility management network element, or receive the first proximity service key and the information about the first geographic area from a policy control network element. The first proximity service discovery parameter and the information about the first geographic area from the mobility management network element are sent by a management network element. The first proximity service key from the policy control network element is generated by the policy control network element based on the information about the first application and the information about the first geographic area that are from the application network element.
Optionally, the configuration rejection message further indicates a cause why configuration of the corresponding communication resource for the first sidelink is rejected.
Optionally, when the terminal device is handed over from the communication apparatus 2000 to a target access network device, the transceiver unit 2010 is further configured to send the first proximity service information and the information about the first geographic area to the target access network device.
Optionally, the first proximity service information and the information about the first geographic area are a part of context of the terminal device.
For another example, the transceiver unit 2010 is configured to: receive a sidelink configuration request message from a terminal device, where the sidelink configuration request message requests a communication resource corresponding to a first sidelink, the first sidelink is a sidelink established by the terminal device for a first application, the sidelink configuration request message includes first proximity service information, the first proximity service information is a first proximity service discovery parameter or a first proximity service key, the first proximity service discovery parameter is used by the terminal device to discover another terminal device that uses the first application, and the first proximity service key is generated based on the information about the first application and information about a first geographic area in which the terminal device is allowed to use the first application through a sidelink; and when the communication apparatus 2000 stores the first proximity service information, send sidelink configuration information to the terminal device, where the sidelink configuration information is for configuring a communication resource corresponding to the first sidelink, or when the communication apparatus 2000 does not store the first proximity service information, send a configuration rejection message to the terminal device, where the configuration rejection message is for rejecting configuration of the corresponding communication resource for the first sidelink.
Optionally, when the communication apparatus 2000 stores the first proximity service information, the transceiver unit 2010 is further configured to: receive the first proximity service discovery parameter from a mobility management network element, or receive the first proximity service key from a policy control network element. The first proximity service discovery parameter from the mobility management network element is sent by a management network element. The first proximity service key from the policy control network element is generated by the policy control network element based on the information about the first application and the information about the first geographic area that are from the application network element.
Optionally, the configuration rejection message further indicates a cause why configuration of the corresponding communication resource for the first sidelink is rejected.
Optionally, when the terminal device is handed over from the communication apparatus 2000 to a target access network device, the transceiver unit 2010 is further configured to: if the target access network device is located in the first geographic area, send the first proximity service information to the target access network device.
Optionally, the first proximity service information is a part of context of the terminal device.
In an example, the communication apparatus 2000 corresponds to the access network device in the system 400 or the RAN in the method 1200 or 1300, and units in the communication apparatus 2000 are separately used to implement operations performed by the access network device in the corresponding systems or operations performed by the RAN in the corresponding methods.
Specifically, the transceiver unit 1210 is configured to: receive a sidelink configuration request message from a terminal device, where the sidelink configuration request message requests a communication resource corresponding to a first sidelink, the first sidelink is a sidelink established by the terminal device for a first application, the sidelink configuration request message includes first proximity service information, the first proximity service information is a first proximity service discovery parameter or a first proximity service key, the first proximity service discovery parameter is used by the terminal device to discover another terminal device that uses the first application, and the first proximity service key is generated based on information about the first application and information about a first geographic area in which the terminal device is allowed to use the first application through a sidelink; send the first proximity service information to a central control device; receive first indication information or second indication information from the central control device, where the first indication information indicates that the communication apparatus 2000 is allowed to configure the communication resource corresponding to the first sidelink for the terminal device, and the second indication information indicates that the communication apparatus 2000 is not allowed to configure the communication resource corresponding to the first sidelink for the terminal device; and send sidelink configuration information to the terminal device based on the first indication information, where the sidelink configuration information is for configuring the corresponding communication resource for the first sidelink, or send a configuration rejection message to the terminal device based on the second indication information, where the configuration rejection message is for rejecting configuration of the corresponding communication resource for the first sidelink.
Optionally, the configuration rejection message further indicates a cause why configuration of the corresponding communication resource for the first sidelink is rejected.
In an implementation, the communication apparatus 2000 corresponds to the central control device in the system 400, or the method 1200 or 1300, and units in the communication apparatus 2000 are separately used to implement operations performed by the central control device in the corresponding systems or methods.
Specifically, the transceiver unit 1210 is configured to receive first proximity service information from an access network device, where the first proximity service information is a first proximity service discovery parameter or a first proximity service key, the first proximity service discovery parameter is used by a terminal device to discover another terminal device that uses a first application, and the first proximity service key is generated based on information about the first application and information about a first geographic area in which the terminal device is allowed to use the first application through a sidelink.
The processing unit 1220 is configured to determine, based on a correspondence between proximity service information and information about a geographic area, that the first proximity service information corresponds to the first geographic area.
|
64f97ea52db9467aefffc04f61bdd6a6_2 | French Open Data | Various open data | 5 Le ratio de Fonds Propres de Catégorie 1 ("Tier 1 Capital Ratio") au 31 décembre 2014 basé sur le cadre CRR/CRD 4
totalement implémenté était de 12,2%
Déclaration attestant
qu’aucune détérioration
significative n’a eu de
répercussions sur les
perspectives de
l’émetteur depuis la date
de ses derniers états
financiers vérifiés et
publiés ou une
description de toute
détériorationLes perspectives de Deutsche Bank n’ont subi aucune détérioration significative depuis le 31
décembre 2014.
Description des
changements significatifs
de la situation financière
ou commerciale de
l’émetteur survenus Sans objet; la situation financière ou commerciale du Groupe Deutsche Bank n’a subi aucune
modification significative depuis le 31 mars 2015.
ISIN: DE000XM4DLE1Final Terms for DE000XM4DK43 - DE000XM4DLK8Page 18 après la période couverte
par les informations
financières historiques
B.13 Evénements récents Sans objet. Il ne s’est produit aucun événement récent dans les activités de l’Emetteur, qui présente
un intérêt significatif pour l’évaluation de sa solvabilité.
B.14 Dépendance de
l’émetteur vis-à-vis
d’autres entités du groupeSans objet. L’Emetteur ne dépend d’aucune autre entité du Groupe Deutsche Bank.
B.15 Principales activités de
l’EmetteurLes objectifs de Deutsche Bank, tels que prévus dans ses statuts, comprennent le traitement de toutes
sortes d'affaires bancaires, la fourniture de services financiers et autres et la promotion de relations
économiques internationales. La Banque peut réaliser ces objectifs elle-même ou à travers des
filiales et sociétés affiliées. Dans la mesure permise par la loi, la Banque a le droit de traiter toute
affaire et de prendre toutes les initiatives qui seraient susceptibles de promouvoir les objectifs de la
Banque, en particulier: acquérir et aliéner des biens immobiliers, établir des succursales au niveau
national et à l'étranger, acquérir, gérer et céder des participations dans d'autres entreprises, et
conclure des accords d'entreprise.
A la date du 31 décembre 2014, les activités de Deutsche Bank étaient réparties en cinq divisions :
• Corporate Banking & Securities (CB&S);
• Global Transaction Banking (GTB);
• Deutsche Asset & Wealth Management (Deutsche AWM);
• Private & Business Clients (PBC); et
• Non-Core Operations Unit (NCOU).
Les cinq divisions de la société sont supportées par des fonctions d'infrastructure. En outre, Deutsche
Bank dispose d'une fonction de gestion régionale qui couvre les responsabilités régionales dans le
monde entier.
La Banque exerce des activités ou relations avec des clients existants ou potentiels dans la plupart
des pays du monde. Ces opérations et relations comprennent:
• des filiales et des succursales dans de nombreux pays;
• des bureaux de représentation dans d'autres pays; et
• un ou plusieurs représentants affectés au service des clients dans un grand nombre de
pays supplémentaires.
B.16 Personnes disposant
d’un contrôleSans objet ; basé sur les notifications des participations importantes conformément aux articles 21 et
suivants de la Loi boursière allemande (Wertpapierhandelsgesetz - WpHG), il n'y a que deux
actionnaires détenant plus de 5 mais moins de 10 pour cent des actions de l'Emetteur. À la
connaissance de l'Emetteur, il n'existe aucun autre actionnaire détenant plus de 3 pour cent des
actions. L'Emetteur n'est donc ni détenu ni contrôlé directement ou indirectement.
B.17 Notation attribuée à
l’émetteur ou à ses
valeurs mobilières
d’empruntLa notation de Deutsche Bank est assurée Moody's Investors Service, Inc. ("Moody's "), Standard &
Poor's Credit Market Services Europe Limited. ("S&P"), Fitch Deutschland GmbH ("Fitch ") et
DBRS, Inc. ("DBRS ") (DBRS, Fitch, S&P et Moody's, collectivement, les "Agences de notation " ).
S&P et Fitch ont leur siège social au sein de l’Union européenne et ont été enregistrées
conformément au Règlement (CE) n° 1060/2009 du Parlement européen et du Conseil du 16
septembre 2009 sur les agences de notation de crédit, telle qu’amendé ("le Règlement CRA "). En ce
qui concerne Moody's, les notations de crédit sont approuvées par le bureau de Moody's au
Royaume-Uni (Moody's Investors Service Ltd) conformément à l'article 4 (3) du Règlement CRA.
Pour DBRS, les notations de crédit sont effectuées par DBRS Ratings Ltd. au Royaume-Uni,
conformément à l'article 4 (3) du Règlement CRA.
Au 27 mars 2015, les notations suivantes ont été attribuées à Deutsche Bank :
Agence de notation Long terme Court terme Perspective
Moody’s A3 P-2 En cours de revue à
la baisse
Standard & Poor's (S&P) A A-1CreditWatch
négative
Fitch A+ F1+négative
DBRS A (haut) R-1(moyen) stable
ISIN: DE000XM4DLE1Final Terms for DE000XM4DK43 - DE000XM4DLK8Page 19 Elément Section C – Valeurs mobilières
C.1 Nature, catégorie et
numéro d’identification
des valeurs mobilièresNature des Valeurs mobilières
Aucune Valeur mobilière définitive ne sera émise.
Les valeurs mobilières seront émises sous forme dématérialisée.
Type de Valeurs mobilières
Les Valeurs mobilières sont des Warrants.
Numéro(s) d’identification des Valeurs mobilières
ISIN: DE000XM4DLE1
WKN: XM4DLE
C.2 Monnaie Euro (“EUR”)
C.5 Restrictions imposées à
la libre négociabilité des
valeurs mobilièresChaque Valeur mobilière est cessible conformément à la législation applicable et conformément aux
règles et procédures mises en œuvre pour le moment par tout Agent de compensation dans les livres
duquel une telle Valeur mobilière est transférée.
C.8 Droits liés aux valeurs
mobilières, y compris
leur rang et toute
restriction qui leur est
applicableDroit applicable aux Valeurs mobilières
Les Valeurs mobilières seront régies par, et interprétées conformément à, la législation allemande.
La constitution des Valeurs mobilières peut être régie par la législation de la juridiction à laquelle est
soumis l’Agent de compensation.
Droits liés aux Valeurs mobilières
Les Valeurs mobilières, lorsqu’elles sont rachetées ou bien exercées par leur détenteur, confèrent
également à ce dernier le droit de recevoir un montant en espèces et/ou une livraison physique.
Restrictions aux droits liés aux Valeurs mobilières
En vertu des conditions énoncées dans les Modalités et les Conditions, l'Emetteur est autorisé à
résilier et annuler les Valeurs mobilières et à modifier les Modalités et les Conditions.
Statut des Valeurs mobilières
Les Valeurs mobilières constitueront des engagements directs, non garantis et non subordonnés de
l’Emetteur, qui auront égalité de rang les uns par rapport aux autres et égalité de rang avec tous les
autres engagements non garantis et non subordonnés de l’Emetteur, à l’exception des engagements
privilégiés par des dispositions légales.
C.11 Demande d’admission à
la négociation en vue de
leur distribution sur un
marché réglementé ou
sur des marchés
équivalents – les
marchés en question
devant alors être
nommésSans objet ; aucune demande n'a été introduite afin d'admettre les Valeurs mobilières sur le marché
réglementé d'une quelconque Bourse.
C.15 Description de la façon
dont la valeur de
l’investissement est
influencée par celle du ou
des instrument(s)
sous-jacent(s), sauf
lorsque les valeurs
mobilières ont une valeur
nominale d’au moins
100.000 EURLes investisseurs peuvent être exposés plus que proportionnellement (avec effet de levier) à
l’évolution négative du Sous-jacent avec ce Turbo Put Warrant.
Toutefois, les investisseurs sont également exposés, avec effet de levier, à l’évolution positive du
Sous-jacent et supportent de plus le risque de ne recevoir aucun paiement si, à un quelconque
moment au cours de la Période d'observation le Sous-jacent est supérieur ou égal à la Barrière
(Evénement barrière). A la Date de règlement, les investisseurs recevront en tant que Montant en
espèces le produit du Multiplicateur par le montant par lequel le Niveau de référence final est inférieur
au Prix d’exercice.
Si, à un quelconque moment au cours de la Période d'observation le Sous-jacent est supérieur ou
égal à la Barrière, le Turbo Put Warrant expirera immédiatement, et les investisseurs ne recevront
aucun paiement.
Avant l'échéance, les investisseurs ne recevront aucun revenu courant tel que des intérêts.
De même, les investisseurs ne peuvent pas faire valoir de droits concernant le Sous-jacent /dérivant
du Sous-jacent (p. ex. des droits de vote, dividendes).
Barrière EUR 185,00
Date d'émission 1 juin 2015
Date de résiliation Si un Evènement barrière a eu lieu, le jour de cet Evènement
ISIN: DE000XM4DLE1Final Terms for DE000XM4DK43 - DE000XM4DLK8Page 20 barrière, à défaut, la Date d'Exercice pertinente.
Date valeur 1 juin 2015
Multiplicateur 0,1
Période d'observation La période comprise entre la Date d’émission (08:00 heure locale de
Francfort ) inclus et le moment pertinent pour la détermination du
Niveau de référence final lors de la Date de valorisation, inclus.
Prix d’exercice EUR 185,00
C.16 La date d’expiration ou
d’échéance des
instruments dérivés ainsi
que la date d’exercice ou
la date finale de référenceDate de règlement :Le quatrième Jour ouvrable suivant immédiatement la Date de
résiliation, probablement le 21 juillet 2015.
Date d'Exercice :Le 15 juillet 2015
Date de
valorisation:La Date de résiliation et si ce jour n'est pas un Jour de
négociation, le Jour de négociation suivant.
C.17 Procédure de règlement
des instruments dérivés Tout montant en espèces dû par l'Emetteur doit être versés à l'Agent de compensation concerné qui
le distribuera aux Détenteurs de Valeurs mobilières.
L'Emetteur sera libéré de ses obligations de paiement dès le paiement à, ou à l'ordre de, l'Agent de
compensation concerné pour le montant ainsi payé.
C.18 Description des
modalités relatives au
produit des instruments
dérivés Paiement du Montant en espèces aux Détenteurs de Valeurs mobilières respectifs à la Date de
règlement.
C.19 Le prix d'exercice ou le
prix de référence final du
Sous-jacentLe Niveau de référence final: Le Niveau de référence à la Date de valorisation.
C.20 Type de sous-jacent et
où trouver les
informations à son sujet Type: Action
Nom: action de L' Oreal S.A.
ISIN: FR0000120321
Des informations concernant la performance historique et actuelle du Sous-jacent et sa volatilité sont
disponibles sur le site Internet public à l'adresse www.euronext.com.
Elément Section D – Risques
D.2 Informations clés
concernant les
principaux risques
propres et spécifique à
l’émetteurLes investisseurs seront exposés au risque d'insolvabilité de l'Emetteur qui serait alors surendetté ou
incapable de rembourser ses dettes, à savoir le risque d'être dans l'incapacité temporaire ou
permanente de respecter les délais de paiement des intérêts et/ou du principal. Les notations de crédit
de l'Emetteur reflètent l'évaluation de ces risques.
Les facteurs pouvant nuire à la rentabilité de Deutsche Bank sont décrits ci-dessous :
•Alors que l'économie américaine progresse graduellement, l'Europe connaît une croissance
économique lente, un niveau élevé de dette structurelle, un chômage persistant et de longue durée
et une inflation très faible. Ces conditions de marché persistantes difficiles ont contribué à un
sentiment d'incertitude politique au sein de plusieurs pays membres de la zone euro et
continuent d'affecter négativement les résultats d'exploitation et la situation financière de
certaines des activités de Deutsche Bank, alors qu'un environnement de faible taux d'intérêt
durable et la concurrence dans le secteur des services financiers ont réduit les marges de
nombreuses activités de la Deutsche Bank. Si ces conditions persistent ou s'aggravent, Deutsche
Bank pourrait déterminer qu'il doit apporter des modifications à son modèle commercial.
•Des mesures réglementaires et politiques prises par les gouvernements européens en réponse à
la crise européenne de la dette souveraine pourraient ne pas suffire à éviter la contagion de la
crise ou à empêcher un ou plusieurs pays membres de quitter la monnaie unique. En particulier,
le populisme anti-austérité en Grèce et dans d'autres pays membres de la zone euro pourrait
ébranler la confiance dans la viabilité continue de la participation de ces pays à l'euro. Le défaut
ou le départ de l'euro d'un ou de plusieurs pays pourrait avoir des conséquences politiques
imprévisibles ainsi que des conséquences sur le système financier et l'économie dans son
ensemble, conduisant potentiellement à une diminution des activités commerciales, à des
dépréciations d'actifs et à des pertes dans les activités de Deutsche Bank. La capacité de
Deutsche Bank à se protéger contre ces risques est limitée.
•Deutsche Bank pourrait devoir effectuer des dépréciations sur ses expositions à la dette
souveraine européenne ou d'autres pays étant donné que la crise européenne de la dette
souverain continue. Les contrats d'échange de risque de crédit dans lesquels Deutsche Bank est
entrée pour gérer un risque de crédit souverain pourraient ne pas être disponibles pour
ISIN: DE000XM4DLE1Final Terms for DE000XM4DK43 - DE000XM4DLK8Page 21 compenser ces pertes.
•Deutsche Bank a un besoin continu de liquidités pour financer ses activités. Elle pourrait souffrir
durant certaines périodes de contraintes de liquidités dans l'ensemble du marché ou spécifique à
l'entreprise, et elle est dès lors exposée au risque de ne pas disposer de liquidités même si ses
activités sous-jacentes restent solides.
•Les réformes réglementaires adoptées et proposées en réponse à la faiblesse persistante du
secteur financier, ainsi que la hausse plus générale des contrôles réglementaires, ont créé une
grande incertitude pour la Deutsche Bank et peuvent nuire à ses activités et à sa capacité à
exécuter ses plans stratégiques.
•Les changements réglementaires et législatifs obligent Deutsche Bank à maintenir un niveau de
capital accru et pourraient affecter de manière significative le modèle commercial et
l'environnement concurrentiel de Deutsche Bank. Toute perception du marché selon laquelle
Deutsche Bank pourrait être incapable de remplir ses exigences de capital avec une marge
adéquate, ou selon laquelle Deutsche Bank devrait maintenir un niveau de capital en surplus des
exigences, pourrait intensifier l'effet de ces facteurs sur les activités et les résultats de Deutsche
Bank.
•L'environnement réglementaire de plus en plus stricte auquel Deutsche Bank est soumis, lié à
des flux sortants importants dans le cadre de litiges et d'exécution, peut compliquer l'aptitude de
Deutsche Bank à maintenir ses ratios de capital à des niveaux supérieurs à ceux requis par les
organismes de réglementation ou ceux attendus sur le marché.
•Des règles aux États-Unis, la législation en Allemagne et les propositions de l'Union européenne
concernant l'interdiction de négociation pour compte propre ou sa séparation de l'activité de prise
de dépôts peut sensiblement affecter le modèle commercial de Deutsche Bank.
•La législation européenne et la législation allemande en matière de redressement et de résolution
des établissements de crédit et des entreprises d'investissement ainsi que les propositions
publiées par le Financial Stability Board proposant une nouvelle exigence minimale de capitaux
pour la "capacité totale d'absorption des pertes" ("total loss absorbing capacity ", TLAC)
pourraient augmenter les coûts de refinancement et, dans le cas où des mesures de résolutions
seraient imposées à Deutsch Bank, pourraient affecter de manière significative ses activités
commerciales et entraîner des pertes pour ses créanciers.
•D'autres réformes réglementaires adoptées ou proposées dans le sillage de la crise financière -
par exemple, de nombreuses nouvelles règles régissant les activités de la Deutsche Bank dans
les produits dérivés, les prélèvements bancaires ou une possible taxe sur les transactions
financières - peuvent considérablement augmenter les coûts d'exploitation de la Deutsche Bank
et avoir un impact négatif sur son modèle commercial.
•Des conditions de marché défavorables, des prix historiquement bas, la volatilité ainsi que la
méfiance des investisseurs ont affecté et peuvent dans le futur significativement et
défavorablement affecter le chiffre d'affaire et les bénéfices de Deutsche Bank, particulièrement
dans ses activités de banque d'investissement, de courtage et dans ses autres activités
rémunérées sur la base de commissions/frais. En conséquence, Deutsche Bank a subi dans le
passé et pourrait continuer à subir des pertes importantes venant de ses activités de négociation
et d'investissement.
•Depuis que Deutsche Bank a publié ses objectifs de la Stratégie 2015+ en 2012, les conditions
macroéconomiques et du marché ainsi que l'environnement réglementaire ont été beaucoup plus
difficiles que prévu, et par conséquent, Deutsche Bank a mis à jour ses aspirations pour tenir
compte de ces conditions difficiles et développer la phase suivante de sa stratégie sous forme de
sa Stratégie 2020, qui a été annoncée en Avril 2015. Si Deutsche Bank est incapable de mettre en
œuvre sa stratégie actualisée avec succès, elle pourrait être incapable d'atteindre ses objectifs
financiers, ou pourrait subir des pertes ou une faible rentabilité ou des érosions de ses fonds
propres, et son cours de bourse pourrait être significativement et négativement affecté.
•Deutsche Bank exerce ses activités dans un environnement fortement, et de plus en plus,
réglementé et litigieux, ce qui l'expose potentiellement à une responsabilité et à d'autres coûts,
dont le montant qui peut être considérable est difficile à évaluer, ainsi qu'à des sanctions légales
et réglementaires et à une atteinte à sa réputation.
•Deutsche Bank fait actuellement l'objet d'enquêtes réglementaires et pénales à l'échelle de
l'industrie concernant les taux interbancaires offerts ainsi que d'actions civiles. Même si
Deutsche Bank a conclu des accords avec le U.S Department of Justice (DOJ), la U.S.
Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), la U.K. Financial Conduct Authority (FCA),
et le New York State Department of Financial Services (NYSDFS) afin de mettre fin aux
enquêtes relatives à de mauvaise conduites concernant la fixation du London Interbank Offered
Rate (LIBOR), du Euro Interbank Offered Rate (EURIBOR), et du Tokyo Interbank Offered Rate
(TIBOR), d'autres enquêtes réglementaires mettant en cause Deutsche Bank et concernant la
fixation de divers taux interbancaires offerts sont toujours en cours et Deutsche Bank reste
exposée à de nouvelles mesures réglementaires et actions civiles. En raison d'un certain nombre
d'incertitudes incluant celles liées au caractère important de ces affaires l'issue éventuelle de ces
ISIN: DE000XM4DLE1Final Terms for DE000XM4DK43 - DE000XM4DLK8Page 22 affaires est imprévisible et pourrait avoir des effets défavorables significatifs sur les activités, les
résultats et la réputation de Deutsche Bank.
•Un certain nombre d'agences mondiales de réglementation et d'application de la loi enquêtent
actuellement sur Deutsche Bank dans le cadre d'une faute relative à la manipulation des taux de
change. L'ampleur de l'exposition financière de Deutsche Bank à ce sujet pourrait être
importante, et la réputation de Deutsche Bank pourrait en être affectée.
•Un certain nombre d'autorités de régulation enquêtent actuellement ou recherchent des
informations de Deutsche Bank dans le cadre de transactions avec Monte dei Paschi di Siena.
L'ampleur de l'exposition financière de Deutsche Bank à ces questions pourrait être importante,
et la réputation de la Deutsche Bank pourrait en être affectée.
•Les agences de réglementation et d'application de la loi aux États-Unis enquêtent afin de savoir si
le traitement historique de Deutsche Bank de certains ordres de paiement en dollars américains
de parties issues de pays soumis à des lois d'embargo des États-Unis a été conforme aux lois
américaines fédérales et étatiques. L'issue éventuelle de ces affaires est imprévisible et pourrait
avoir des effets défavorables significatifs sur les activités, les résultats et la réputation de
Deutsche Bank.
•Deutsche Bank a fait l'objet de demandes contractuelles, de litiges et d'enquêtes
gouvernementales concernant ses activités de crédit hypothécaire résidentiel aux Etats-Unis qui
pourraient avoir des effets défavorables significatifs sur ses résultats d'exploitation, sur sa
condition financière ou sur sa réputation.
•Les activités de crédit non-traditionnelles de Deutsche Bank renforcent significativement ses
risques de crédit traditionnels de banque.
•Deutsche Bank a subi des pertes, et pourrait en subir davantage en raison de changements dans
la juste valeur de ses instruments financiers.
•Les politiques, procédures et méthodes de gestion des risques de Deutsche Bank la laissent
exposée à des risques non identifiés et imprévus, ce qui peut conduire à des pertes importantes.
•Des risques opérationnels pourraient perturber les activités de Deutsche Bank.
•Les systèmes opérationnels de Deutsche Bank sont soumis à un risque croissant de
cyber-attaques et autre cyber-criminalité, ce qui pourrait entraîner des pertes importantes
d'informations de client ou de clientèle, nuire à la réputation de Deutsche Bank et conduire à des
sanctions réglementaires et des pertes financières.
•La taille des opérations de compensations de Deutsche Bank l'expose à un risque plus élevé de
pertes importantes en cas de dysfonctionnement de ces opérations.
•Deutsche Bank pourrait avoir du mal à identifier et à réaliser des acquisitions, et le fait de réaliser
ou d'éviter des acquisition pourrait nuire fortement aux résultats des opérations de Deutsche
Bank ainsi qu'à son cours boursier.
•Les effets du rachat de Deutsche Postbank AG pourraient être très différents de ce à quoi
Deutsche Bank s'attend.
•Deutsche Bank pourrait avoir du mal à vendre ses actifs non stratégiques à un prix favorable ou
simplement à les vendre et pourrait faire face à des pertes significatives provenant de ces actifs
et d'autres investissements indépendamment des évolutions du marché.
•Une concurrence féroce, tant nationale en Allemagne que sur les marchés internationaux,
pourrait affecter défavorablement ses revenus et la rentabilité de Deutsche Bank.
•Des transactions avec des contreparties dans des pays identifiés par le Département d'Etat
américain comme Etats soutenant le terrorisme ou avec des personnes visées par des sanctions
économiques des Etats-Unis pourraient conduire les clients et investisseurs potentiels à se
détourner de Deutsche Bank et à ne pas investir dans ses valeurs mobilières, à nuire à sa
réputation ou entrainer des mesures réglementaires qui pourraient significativement et
défavorablement affecter ses activités.
D.6 Informations clés
concernant les
principaux risques
propres et spécifique aux
valeurs mobilières et
avertissement informant
l’investisseur qu’il
pourrait perdre tout ou
partie, de la valeur de
son investissementLes Valeurs mobilières sont liées à l'Instrument sous-jacent
Les montants à payer ou les actifs à livrer périodiquement où à l'exercice ou au rachat des Valeurs
mobilières, selon le cas, sont liés au Sous-jacent qui peut comprendre un ou plusieurs Elément(s) de
référence. L'achat de, ou l'investissement dans, des Valeurs mobilières liées au Sous-jacent
comporte des risques importants.
Les Valeurs mobilières ne sont pas des valeurs mobilières conventionnelles et comportent plusieurs
risques d'investissement particuliers que les investisseurs potentiels doivent bien comprendre avant
d'investir dans les Valeurs mobilières. Chaque investisseur potentiel dans les Valeurs mobilières
devrait avoir une expérience avec des valeurs mobilières similaires aux Valeurs mobilières et
devrait étudier toute la documentation et comprendre les Modalités et les Conditions relative(s) aux
Valeurs mobilières ainsi que la nature et l'étendue de son exposition au risque de perte.
ISIN: DE000XM4DLE1Final Terms for DE000XM4DK43 - DE000XM4DLK8Page 23 Les investisseurs potentiels devraient s'assurer de bien comprendre la formule de calcul des
montants à payer et/ou des actifs à livrer, et s'ils le jugent nécessaire, demander conseil à leur(s)
conseiller(s).
Risques associés au Sous-jacent
En raison de l'influence du Sous-jacent sur le droit découlant de la Valeur mobilière , comme pour un
investissement direct dans le Sous-jacent, les investisseurs sont exposés à des risques jusqu'à et à
l'échéance, qui sont généralement également associés à un investissement dans l'action concernée
en général.
Risques de change
Les investisseurs sont exposés à un risque de change si la Monnaie de règlement n'est pas la
monnaie du lieu de résidence de l'investisseur.
Résiliation anticipée
Une disposition des Modalités et les Conditions des Valeurs mobilières stipule que si certaines
conditions sont remplies, l'Emetteur peut racheter les Valeurs mobilières par anticipation. La valeur
de marché de ces Valeurs mobilières peut par conséquent être plus faible que celle de valeurs
mobilières similaires qui ne comportent pas un tel droit de rachat de l'Emetteur. Pendant une période
de rachat potentiel des Valeurs mobilières de cette manière, la valeur de marché des Valeurs
mobilières n'excède généralement pas de manière substantielle le prix auquel elles seraient
rachetées ou annulées. C'est le cas également lorsque les Modalités et les Conditions des Valeurs
mobilières prévoient le rachat ou l'annulation automatique des Valeurs mobilières (p. ex. clause «
knock-out » ou « auto call »).
Risques à l'échéance
Si à un moment quelconque pendant la Période d'observation, le Sous-jacent est supérieur ou égal à
la Barrière (Evénement barrière), le Turbo Put Warrant expire immédiatement et les investisseurs
ne recevront aucun paiement. Un rebond du prix est alors exclu. Dans une telle situation, les
investisseurs perdront la totalité de leur investissement. Les investisseurs subiront également une
perte si, à la Date de valorisation, le Sous-jacent est tellement proche du Prix d'exercice que le
Montant en espèces est inférieur au prix d'achat du Turbo Put Warrant. L'Evénement barrière peut
survenir à tout moment pendant les heures de négociation du Sous-jacent et même éventuellement en
dehors des heures de négociation du Turbo Put Warrant.
Perte totale possible
Lorsqu'aucun montant en espèce minimal n'est spécifié, les investisseurs peuvent subir une perte de
la totalité du capital investi dans la Valeur mobilière.
Elément Section E – Offre
E.2b Raisons de l’offre,
l’utilisation prévue du
produit de celle-ci et le
montant net estimé du
produitSans objet, l'offre vise à réaliser des bénéfices et/ou à couvrir certains risques.
E.3 Modalités et conditions
de l'offre.Conditions auxquelles l'offre est
soumise :Sans objet ; l'offre n'est soumise à aucune condition.
Nombre de Valeurs mobilières : Jusqu'à 100 000 000 Valeurs mobilières
La Période d'offre : L'offre pour Valeurs mobilières commence le 1 juin 2015
(08:00 heure locale de Francfort).
L'Emetteur se réserve le droit, quelle qu'en soit la raison, de
réduire le nombre offert de Valeurs mobilières.
Annulation de l'Emission des
Valeurs mobilières :L'Emetteur se réserve le droit, quelle qu'en soit la raison,
d'annuler l'émission de Valeurs mobilières.
Clôture anticipée de la Période
d'offre des Valeurs mobilières :L'Emetteur se réserve le droit, pour quelque raison que ce soit,
de clôturer anticipativement la Période d'offre.
Montant minimal de souscription :Sans objet ; il n'y a pas de montant minimal de souscription
Montant maximal de souscription :Sans objet ; il n'y a pas de montant maximal de souscription.
Description du processus de
demande de souscription :Sans objet ; aucun processus de demande n'est prévu.
Description de la possibilité de Sans objet ; il n'y a aucune possibilité de réduire les
ISIN: DE000XM4DLE1Final Terms for DE000XM4DK43 - DE000XM4DLK8Page 24 réduire les souscriptions et de la
manière de rembourser les
excédents versés par les
demandeurs :souscriptions et par conséquent aucune manière de
rembourser les excédents versés par les demandeurs.
Informations relatives aux moyens
et aux délais de paiement et de
livraison des Valeurs mobilières :Sans objet ; aucun moyen ou délai de paiement et de livraison
des Valeurs mobilières n'est prévu.
Moyen et date de publication des
résultats de l'offre :Sans objet; aucun moyen et date de publication des résultats de
l'offre n'est prévu.
Procédure d'exercice de tout droit
de préemption, de négociabilité des
droits de souscription et de
traitement des droits de
souscription non exercés :Sans objet ; aucune procédure d'exercice de tout droit de
préemption, de négociabilité des droits de souscription et de
traitement des droits de souscription non exercés n'est prévue.
Catégories d'investisseurs
potentiels à qui les Valeurs
mobilières sont offertes et
éventuelle réservation de
tranche(s) pour certains pays :Investisseurs qualifiés au sens de la définition de la Directive
sur les Prospectus et investisseurs non qualifiés.
L'offre peut être faite France à toute personne répondant à
toutes les autres exigences relatives aux placements stipulées
dans le Prospectus de référence ou autrement déterminées par
l'Emetteur et/ou les intermédiaires financiers concernés. Dans
d'autres pays de l'EEE, les Valeurs mobilières ne seront
offertes que conformément à une dérogation en vertu de la
Directive sur les Prospectus selon les dispositions prévues
dans ces juridictions.
Procédure de communication aux
demandeurs du montant alloué et
de la possibilité de début des
opérations avant qu'ils aient été
informés :Sans objet ; il n'y a aucune procédure de communication du
montant alloué aux demandeurs.
Prix d'émission : Initialement EUR 0,94 par Valeur mobilière. Suivant l'émission
des Valeurs mobilières, le Prix d'émission sera révisé
continuellement.
Montant de toutes les dépenses et
de tous les impôts spécifiquement
facturés au souscripteur ou à
l'acheteur :Sans objet ; aucune dépense ou aucun impôt n'est
spécifiquement facturé au souscripteur ou à l'acheteur.
Nom(s) et adresse(s), dans la
mesure ou l'Emetteur les connaît,
des agents de placement dans les
différents pays où les Valeurs
mobilières sont offertes :Sans objet
Nom et adresse de l'Agent payeur :Deutsche Bank AG
Taunusanlage 12
60325 Frankfurt am Main
Allemagne
Nom et adresse de l'Agent de
calcul :Deutsche Bank AG
Taunusanlage 12
60325 Frankfurt am Main
Allemagne
E.4 Intérêt, y compris les
conflits d'intérêts,
pouvant influer
sensiblement sur
l’émission/l’offrePour autant que sache l'Emetteur, aucune des personnes impliquées dans l'émission des Valeurs
mobilières n'a un intérêt notable dans l'offre.
E.7 Estimation des dépenses
facturées à l’investisseur
par l’émetteur ou l’offreurSans objet ; aucune dépense n'est facturée à l'investisseur par l'émetteur ou l'offrant.
ISIN: DE000XM4DLE1Final Terms for DE000XM4DK43 - DE000XM4DLK8Page 25 Final Terms No. 4122 dated 29 May 2015
DEUTSCHE BANK AG
Issue of up to 100,000,000 Turbo Put Warrants (corresponds to product no. 20 in the Base Prospectus)
relating to Ordinary Shares of L' Oreal S.A.
(the "Securities ")
under its
Programme for the issuance of Certificates, Warrants and Notes
Issue Price: Initially EUR 1.14 per Security. Following issuance of the Securities, the Issue Price will be reset continuously.
WKN / ISIN: XM4DLF / DE000XM4DLF8
This document constitutes the Final Terms of the Securities described herein and comprises the following parts:
Terms and Conditions (Product Terms)
Further Information about the Offering of the Securities
Issue-Specific Summary
These Final Terms have been prepared for the purposes of Article 5 (4) of the Prospectus Directive and must be read in
conjunction with the Base Prospectus dated 27 February 2015 (including the documents incorporated by reference) as amended
by the supplements dated 27 March 2015 and 8 May 2015 (the "Base Prospectus"). Terms not otherwise defined herein shall have
the meaning given in the General Conditions set out in the Terms of the Securities. Full information on the Issuer and the
Securities is only available on the basis of the combination of these Final Terms and the Base Prospectus. A summary of the
individual issuance is annexed to the Final Terms.
The Base Prospectus dated 27 February 2015, any supplements and the Final Terms, together with their translations or the
translations of the Summary in the version completed and put in concrete terms by the relevant Final Terms are published
according to Art. 14 (2) (c) of the Prospectus Directive (Directive 2003/71/EC, as amended), as implemented by the relevant
provisions of the EU member states, on the Issuer's website (www.xmarkets.db.com) and/or (www.investment-products.db.com)
and (i) in case of admission to trading of the Securities on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange, on the website of the Luxembourg
Stock Exchange (www.bourse.lu), (ii) in case of admission to trading of the Securities on the Borsa Italiana, on the website of
Borsa Italiana (www.borsaitaliana.it), (iii) in case of admission to trading of the Securities on the Euronext Lisbon regulated
market or in case of a public offering of the Securities in Portugal, on the website of the Portuguese Securities Market
Commission (Comissão do Mercado de Valores Mobiliários) (www.cmvm.pt), (iv) in case of admission to trading of the Securities
on a Spanish stock exchange or AIAF, on the website of the Spanish Securities Market Commission (Comisión Nacional del
Mercado de Valores) (www.cnmv.es).
In addition, the Base Prospectus dated 27 February 2015 shall be available free of charge at the registered office of the Issuer,
Deutsche Bank AG, Grosse Gallusstrasse 10-14, 60311 Frankfurt am Main.
2. Final Terms No. 4122 dated 29. May 2015 for Turbo Put Warrants relating to Ordinary Shares the L' Oreal S.A.
WKN/ISIN: XM4DLF / DE000XM4DLF8
ISIN: DE000XM4DLF8 Final Terms of DE000XM4DK43 - DE000XM4DLK8Page 26 Terms and Conditions
The following "Product Terms " of the Securities shall, for the relevant series of Securities, complete and put in concrete terms the General
Conditions for the purposes of such series of Securities. The Product Terms and General Conditions together constitute the "Terms and
Conditions " of the relevant Securities.
In the event of any inconsistency between these Product Terms and the General Conditions, these Product Terms shall prevail for the purposes
of the Securities.
Security Type Warrant /
Turbo Put Warrant
Type: Put
ISIN DE000XM4DLF8
WKN XM4DLF
Issuer Deutsche Bank AG, Frankfurt am Main
Number of the Securities up to 100,000,000 Securities
Issue Price Initially EUR 1.14 per Security. Following issuance of the Securities, the Issue Price will be reset
continuously.
Issue Date 01 June 2015
Value Date 01 June 2015
Underlying Type: Share
Name: Ordinary Share of L' Oreal S.A.
Sponsor or issuer: L' Oreal S.A.
Reference Source: Euronext Paris, Paris
ISIN: FR0000120321
Settlement Cash Settlement
Multiplier 0.1
Final Reference Level The Reference Level on the Valuation Date
Reference Level In respect of any day an amount (which shall be deemed to be a monetary value in the Settlement
Currency) equal to:
the Relevant Reference Level Value on such day quoted by or published on the Reference Source
as specified in the information on the Underlying.
Barrier Determination Amount The price of the Underlying quoted by or published on the Reference Source at any time on an
Observation Date during the Observation Period (as calculated and published on a continuous
basis), irrespective of any corrections published later by the Reference Source in this regard.
If a Market Disruption has occurred and is continuing at such time on such Observation Date, no
Barrier Determination Amount shall be calculated for such time.
Relevant Reference Level Value The official closing price of the Underlying on the Reference Source.
Valuation Date The Termination Date and if such day is not a Trading Day, the next following Trading Day.
Settlement Date The fourth immediately succeeding Business Day following the Valuation Date, probably 21 July
2015.
Observation Period The period from and including the Issue Date (8:00 a.m. Frankfurt am Main local time) to and
including the relevant time for determination of the Final Reference Level on the Valuation Date.
Observation Date Each day during the Observation Period.
Cash Amount (1) If, in the determination of the Calculation Agent, the Barrier Determination Amount has at any
time during the Observation Period been equal to the Barrier or above the Barrier
(such event a "Barrier Event "), zero.
(2) otherwise: (Strike – Final Reference Level) x Multiplier
Barrier EUR 187.00
Termination Date If a Barrier Event has occurred, the day on which such Barrier Event occurred, otherwise, the
relevant Exercise Date.
Strike EUR 187.00
ISIN: DE000XM4DLF8 Final Terms of DE000XM4DK43 - DE000XM4DLK8 Page 27 Type of Exercise European Style
Exercise Date 15 July 2015
Automatic Exercise Automatic Exercise is applicable
Settlement Currency Euro („EUR")
Business Day A day on which the Trans-European Automated Real-time Gross Settlement Express Transfer
(TARGET2) system is open and on which each relevant Clearing Agent settles payments. Saturday
and Sunday are not considered Business Days.
Form of Securities French Securities
Governing Law German law
ISIN: DE000XM4DLF8 Final Terms of DE000XM4DK43 - DE000XM4DLK8 Page 28 Further Information about the Offering of the Securities
LISTING AND TRADING
Listing and Trading There has no application been made to admit the Securities to the
regulated market of any exchange..
Minimum Trade Size 1 Security
Estimate of total expenses related to admission to trading Not applicable
OFFERING OF SECURITIES
Investor minimum subscription amount Not applicable
Investor maximum subscription amount Not applicable
The Offering Period The offer of the Securities starts on 01 June 2015 (8:00 a.m. Frankfurt
am Main local time).
The Issuer reserves the right for any reason to reduce the number of
Securities offered.
Cancellation of the Issuance of the Securities The Issuer reserves the right for any reason to cancel the issuance of
the Securities.
Early Closing of the Offering Period of the Securities The Issuer reserves the right for any reason to close the Offering
Period early.
Conditions to which the offer is subject: Not applicable
Description of the application process: Not applicable
Description of possibility to reduce subscriptions and manner for
refunding excess amount paid by applicants:Not applicable
Details of the method and time limits for paying up and delivering the
Securities:Not applicable
Manner in and date on which results of the offer are to be made
public:Not applicable
Procedure for exercise of any right of pre-emption, negotiability of
subscription rights and treatment of subscription rights not exercised:Not applicable
Categories of potential investors to which the Securities are offered
and whether tranche(s) have been reserved for certain countries:Qualified investors within the meaning of the Prospectus Directive and
non-qualified investors.
The Offer may be made in France to any person which complies with
all other requirements for investment as set out in the Base
Prospectus or otherwise determined by the Issuer and/or the relevant
financial intermediaries. In other EEA countries, offers will only be
made pursuant to an exemption under the Prospectus Directive as
implemented in such jurisdictions.
Process for notification to applicants of the amount allotted and the
indication whether dealing may begin before notification is made:Not applicable
Amount of any expenses and taxes specifically charged to the
subscriber or purchaser:Not applicable
Name(s) and address(es), to the extent known to the Issuer, of the
placers in the various countries where the offer takes place.Not applicable as at the date of these Final Terms
Consent to use of Prospectus: The Issuer consents to the use of the Prospectus by all financial
intermediaries (general consent).
The subsequent resale or final placement of Securities by financial
intermediaries can be made as long as this Prospectus is valid in
accordance with Article 9 of the Prospectus Directive.
FEES
Fees paid by the Issuer to the distributor Not applicable
ISIN: DE000XM4DLF8Final Terms for DE000XM4DK43 - DE000XM4DLK8Page 29 Trailer Fee1 Not applicable
Placement Fee Not applicable
Fees charged by the Issuer to the Securityholders post issuance Not applicable
SECURITY RATINGS
Rating The Securities have not been rated.
INTERESTS OF NATURAL AND LEGAL PERSONS INVOLVED IN THE ISSUE
Interests of Natural and Legal Persons involved in the Issue So far as the Issuer is aware, no person involved in the issue of the
Securities has an interest material to the offer.
The Issuer may pay placement and trailer fees as sales-related commissions to the relevant distributor(s). Alternatively, the Issuer can grant
the relevant Distributor(s) an appropriate discount on the Issue Price (without subscription surcharge). Trailer fees may be paid from any
management fee referred to in the Product Terms on a recurring basis based on the Underlying. If Deutsche Bank AG is both the Issuer and the
distributor with respect to the sale of its own securities, Deutsche Bank’s distributing unit will be credited with the relevant amounts internally.
Further information on prices and price components is included in Part II (Risk Factors) in the Base Prospectus – Section E "Conflicts of
Interest" under items 5 and 6.1
ISIN: DE000XM4DLF8Final Terms for DE000XM4DK43 - DE000XM4DLK8Page 30 INFORMATION RELATING TO THE UNDERLYING
Information on the Underlying, on the past and future performance of the Underlying and its volatility can be obtained on the public website on
www.euronext.com.
Further Information Published by the Issuer
The Issuer does not intend to provide any further information on the Underlying.
ISIN: DE000XM4DLF8Final Terms for DE000XM4DK43 - DE000XM4DLK8Page 31 Annex to the Final Terms
Issue-Specific Summary
Summaries are made up of disclosure requirements, known as "Elements". These elements are numbered in Sections A – E (A.1 – E.7).
This Summary contains all the Elements required to be included in a summary for this type of securities and Issuer. Because some Elements
are not required to be addressed, there may be gaps in the numbering sequence of the Elements.
Even though an Element may be required to be inserted in the summary because of the type of securities and Issuer, it is possible that no
relevant information can be given regarding the Element. In this case a short description of the Element is included in the summary with the
mention of ‘not applicable'.
Element Section A – Introduction and warnings
A.1 Warning Warning that
•the Summary should be read as an introduction to the Prospectus,
•any decision to invest in the Securities should be based on consideration of the Prospectus as a
whole by the investor,
•where a claim relating to the information contained in the Prospectus is brought before a court, the
plaintiff investor might, under the national legislation of the Member States, have to bear the costs
of translating the Prospectus, before the legal proceedings are initiated; and
•in its function as the Issuer responsible for the Summary and the translation thereof as well as the
dissemination of the Summary and the translation thereof, Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft may
be held liable but only if the Summary is misleading, inaccurate or inconsistent when read together
with the other parts of the Prospectus or it does not provide, when read together with the other parts
of the Prospectus, key information in order to aid investors when considering whether to invest in
such Securities.
A.2 Consent to use of base
prospectus•The Issuer consents to the use of the Prospectus for a later resale or final placement of the
Securities by all financial intermediaries (general consent).
•The subsequent resale or final placement of Securities by financial intermediaries can be made as
long as this Prospectus is valid in accordance with Article 9 of the Prospectus Directive.
•This consent is not subject to any conditions.
•In case of an offer being made by a financial intermediary, this financial intermediary will
provide information to investors on the terms and conditions of the offer at the time the
offer is made.
Element Section B – Issuer
B.1 Legal and commercial
name of the issuerThe legal and commercial name of the Issuer is Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft ("Deutsche
Bank " or "Bank ").
B.2 Domicile, legal form,
legislation and country of
incorporation of the issuerDeutsche Bank is a stock corporation (Aktiengesellschaft) under German law. The Bank has its
registered office in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. It maintains its head office at Taunusanlage 12,
60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany (telephone +49-69-910-00).
B.4b Trends With the exception of the effects of the macroeconomic conditions and market environment, litigation
risks associated with the financial markets crisis as well as the effects of legislation and regulations
applicable to all financial institutions in Germany and the eurozone, there are no known trends,
uncertainties, demands, commitments or events that are reasonably likely to have a material effect on
the Issuer’s prospects in its current financial year.
B.5 Description of the Group
and the issuer's position
within the GroupDeutsche Bank is the parent company of a group consisting of banks, capital market companies, fund
management companies, property finance companies, instalment financing companies, research and
consultancy companies and other domestic and foreign companies (the "Deutsche Bank Group ").
B.9 Profit forecast or estimate Not applicable; no profit forecast or estimate is made.
B.10 Qualifications in the audit
report on the historical
financial informationNot applicable; there are no qualifications in the audit report on the historical financial information.
B.12 Selected historical key
financial informationThe following table shows an overview from the balance sheet and income statement of Deutsche
Bank AG which has been extracted from the respective audited consolidated financial statements
prepared in accordance with IFRS as of 31 December 2013 and 31 December 2014 as well as from
the unaudited consolidated interim financial statements as of 31 March 2014 and 31 March 2015..
31 December 31 March 2014 31 December 31 March 2015
ISIN: DE000XM4DLF8Final Terms for DE000XM4DK43 - DE000XM4DLK8Page 32 2013 0
(IFRS, audited)(IFRS, unaudited)2014 0
(IFRS, audited)(IFRS, unaudited)
Share capital (in
EUR) 12,609,919,078.40
2,609,919,078.40 3,530,939,215.36 3,530,939,215.36
Number of ordinary
shares 11,019,499,640 1,019,499,640 1,379,273,131 1,379,273,131
Total assets (in
million Euro)1,611,400 1,636,574 1,708,703 1,955,465
Total liabilities (in
million Euro)1,556,434 1,580,557 1,635,481 1,877,533
Total equity (in
mllion Euro)54,966 56,017 73,223 77,932
Core Tier 1 capital
ratio / Common
Equity Tier 1 capital
ratio 2,312.8% 0 13.2% 15.2% 13.8% 4
Tier 1 capital ratio316.9% 013.2% 16.1% 14.6% 5
1
source webpage of the issuer https://www.deutsche-bank.de/ir/en/content/ordinary_share.htm as of 11 May 2015
2 The CRR/CRD 4 framework replaced the term Core Tier 1 by Common Equity Tier 1.
3 Capital ratios for 2014 and 2015 are based upon transitional rules of the CRR/CRD 4 capital framework; prior periods are
based upon Basel 2.5 rules excluding transitional items pursuant to the former section 64h (3) of the German Banking Act.
4 The Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio as of 31 December 2014 on the basis of CRR/CRD 4 fully loaded was 11.7%.
5 The Tier 1 capital ratio as of 31 December 2014 on the basis of CRR/CRD 4 fully loaded was 12.2%.
A statement that there
has been no material
adverse change in the
prospects of the issuer
since the date of its last
published audited
financial statements or a
description of any
material adverse changeThere has been no material adverse change in the prospects of Deutsche Bank since 31 December
2014.
A description of
significant changes in the
financial or trading
position subsequent to the
period covered by the
historical financial
informationNot applicable; there has been no significant change in the financial position or trading position of
Deutsche Bank Group since 31 March 2015.
B.13 Recent events Not applicable; there are no recent events in the business activities of the Issuer which are to a
material extent relevant to the evaluation of the Issuer‘s solvency.
B.14 Dependence upon other
entities within the group Not applicable; the Issuer is not dependent upon other entities of Deutsche Bank Group.
B.15 Issuer's principal
activitiesThe objects of Deutsche Bank, as laid down in its Articles of Association, include the transaction of all
kinds of banking business, the provision of financial and other services and the promotion of
international economic relations. The Bank may realise these objectives itself or through subsidiaries
and affiliated companies. To the extent permitted by law, the Bank is entitled to transact all business
and to take all steps which appear likely to promote the objectives of the Bank, in particular: to acquire
and dispose of real estate, to establish branches at home and abroad, to acquire, administer and
dispose of participations in other enterprises, and to conclude enterprise agreements.
As of 31 December 2014, the Bank was organized into the following five corporate divisions:
ISIN: DE000XM4DLF8Final Terms for DE000XM4DK43 - DE000XM4DLK8Page 33 • Corporate Banking & Securities (CB&S);
• Global Transaction Banking (GTB);
• Deutsche Asset & Wealth Management (Deutsche AWM);
• Private & Business Clients (PBC); and
• Non-Core Operations Unit (NCOU).
The five corporate divisions are supported by infrastructure functions. In addition, Deutsche Bank has
a regional management function that covers regional responsibilities worldwide.
The Bank has operations or dealings with existing or potential customers in most countries in the
world. These operations and dealings include:
• subsidiaries and branches in many countries;
• representative offices in many other countries; and
• one or more representatives assigned to serve customers in a large number of additional
countries.
B.16 Controlling persons Not applicable; based on notifications of major shareholdings pursuant to sections 21 et seq. of the
German Securities Trading Act (Wertpapierhandelsgesetz - WpHG), there are only two shareholders
holding more than 5 but less than 10 per cent. of the Issuer’s shares. To the Issuer’s knowledge there
is no other shareholder holding more than 3 per cent. of the shares. The Issuer is thus not directly or
indirectly owned or controlled.
B.17 Credit ratings assigned to
the issuer or its debt
securitiesDeutsche Bank is rated by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s ”), Standard & Poor’s Credit
Market Services Europe Limited (“S&P”), Fitch Deutschland GmbH (“Fitch ”) and DBRS, Inc.
(“DBRS ”, together with Fitch, S&P and Moody’s, the “Rating Agencies ”).
|
github_open_source_100_8_20062 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<?php include 'link_.php'; ?>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./asset/unslider/dist/css/unslider.css">
<style type="text/css">
html, body {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
max-width: 100%;
overflow-x: hidden;
}
.special_offer{
height: 235px;
}
@media screen and (max-width: 2560px){
#header{
width: 100%;
}
.my-slider ul li img{
height: 708px;
}
}
</style>
<link href="./asset/css/header.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
<link href="./asset/css/product_list.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
<link href="./asset/css/special_offer.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
<link href="./asset/css/footer.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
<script type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function() {
var img = document.getElementById('header');
var height = img.clientWidth;
//alert(height);
document.getElementById("menu_bg").height = "705";
$("#cu").hover(
function () {
$('#contact_us').attr("src", './asset/image/header/contact_us_active.png');
},
function () {
$('#contact_us').attr("src", './asset/image/header/contact_us.png');
}
);
$("#ow").hover(
function () {
$('#our_works').attr("src", './asset/image/header/our_works_active.png');
},
function () {
$('#our_works').attr("src", './asset/image/header/our_works.png');
}
);
$('#op').addClass("active");
$('#our_products').attr("src", './asset/image/header/our_products_active.png');
$(document).on('click', 'div', function() {
var idny = $(this).attr('id');
var classny = $(this).attr('class');
if (idny=="menu"){
$('#menu').toggleClass("show");
$('#menu_bg').toggleClass("show");
$('#menu_').toggleClass("show");
}
});
});
$(document).on('mouseover', 'img', function() {
var idny = $(this).attr('id');
var classny = $(this).attr('class');
if (idny=="main_menu_logo"){
if (classny==""){
$('#menu').toggleClass("show");
$('#menu_bg').toggleClass("show");
$('#menu_').toggleClass("show");
$('#main_menu_logo').toggleClass("show");
$('#main_menu_logo').attr("src", './asset/image/header/main_menu.png');
} else {
$('#menu').toggleClass("show");
$('#menu_bg').toggleClass("show");
$('#menu_').toggleClass("show");
$('#main_menu_logo').toggleClass("show");
$('#main_menu_logo').attr("src", './asset/image/header/main_menu_active.png');
}
}
});
$(document).on('click', 'img', function() {
var idny = $(this).attr('id');
var classny = $(this).attr('class');
if (idny=="main_menu_logo"){
if (classny==""){
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$('#menu_').toggleClass("show");
$('#main_menu_logo').toggleClass("show");
$('#main_menu_logo').attr("src", './asset/image/header/main_menu.png');
} else {
$('#menu').toggleClass("show");
$('#menu_bg').toggleClass("show");
$('#menu_').toggleClass("show");
$('#main_menu_logo').toggleClass("show");
$('#main_menu_logo').attr("src", './asset/image/header/main_menu_active.png');
}
}
});
function o_works_in(){
$('#our_works').attr("src", './asset/image/header/our_works_active.png');
}
function o_works_out(){
$('#our_works').attr("src", './asset/image/header/our_works.png');
}
function o_cont_in(){
$('#contact_us').attr("src", './asset/image/header/contact_us_active.png');
}
function o_cont_out(){
$('#contact_us').attr("src", './asset/image/header/contact_us.png');
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<?php include 'v_header_product.php'; ?>
<div class='content'>
<div class="row"></div>
<p id="content_title">CUSTOMIZE ANY SEAT YOU EVER WANTED</p>
<p id="content_body">
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.<br />
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.
</p>
<div id="menu_item">
<ul id="menu_list_item">
<li class="content_menu">SOFAS</li>
<li class="content_menu active">CHAIR</li>
<li class="content_menu">STOOLS</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-xs-12" id="list_item">
<a href="product" id="img1"><div class="col-xs-3 item_list">
<img src="./asset/image/content/product_list/chair_image.png"
onmouseover="this.src='./asset/image/content/product_list/chair_image_.png';"
onmouseout="this.src='./asset/image/content/product_list/chair_image.png';"
class="image_item_list" />
<p class="text_item_list">LOREM IPSUM</p>
</div></a>
<a href="product" id="img2"><div class="col-xs-3 item_list">
<img src="./asset/image/content/product_list/chair_image.png"
onmouseover="this.src='./asset/image/content/product_list/chair_image_.png';"
onmouseout="this.src='./asset/image/content/product_list/chair_image.png';"
class="image_item_list" />
<p class="text_item_list">LOREM IPSUM</p>
</div></a>
<a href="product" id="img3"><div class="col-xs-3 item_list">
<img src="./asset/image/content/product_list/chair_image.png"
onmouseover="this.src='./asset/image/content/product_list/chair_image_.png';"
onmouseout="this.src='./asset/image/content/product_list/chair_image.png';"
class="image_item_list" />
<p class="text_item_list">LOREM IPSUM</p>
</div></a>
<a href="product" id="img4"><div class="col-xs-3 item_list">
<img src="./asset/image/content/product_list/chair_image.png"
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sn90059522_1889-01-25_1_6_1 | US-PD-Newspapers | Public Domain | 6 PULSE OFTHE PEOPLE. Burning Thoughts Agitatingl the Brain of the Great Northwest, Which Find Expression in Letters to the Editor of the Globe. Personal Opinions Given on Matters of Interest and Importance. A Mail Box in Which All Let- ters Come from the People. If anything were required to confirm the Globe in its already well-estab lished claim that it is emphatically the Paper of the People it would be found in the immense number of letters, in quiries, communications,complaints and querries which daily find their way to this office from all parts of the great Northwest. Many of these are of a na ture and character that entirely pre clude their publication, and are fre quently answered through the mails; others are too long to be given space; some are trivial, and still others are not of sufficient general interest to warrant publication. A department made up of letters selected from the mass of com munications will be of interest to the great information-seeking public, and the Globe proposes to establish such a department. It will ap- pear every Friday morning, and will belong to any who may wish to benefit by it. Short disquisi tions of public matters and policies; criticisms of a friendly tone: complaints of a public character; discussions of subjects of general interest and all kin dred matter will be welcome, but it is imperative that they be plainly written and that they shall not exceed 300 words each. The name of the writer must in variably accompany each letter and will be suppressed if desired. Seats for Woman Clerks. To the Editor of the Globe. Of course I know that your waste basket is very handy, and a rapid glance at the contents of this will most cer tainly be a eood, sufficient reason for the consignment of this, my first attempt (to you at least), to the ignominious fate so sure to befall any such poor efforts as mine. But, 1 pray you. don't think from my " norn de plume " that I am a gay, thoughtless young creature, for I assure you I am not; and if you ever have the misfortune to gaze upon my features, you will be speedily convinced of the fact. So much for my bow to you, dear Globe. lam a stranger in a strange land; but I see many reasons for me to lift my cudgel in defense of many of my fellow mor tals, and 1 wish it lirst to fall where 1 think it needs wielding with terrible, and, 1 hope, good effect. And 1 shall strike just where so few think that it is needed, and it shall be at the proprie tors and managers of stores where lady clerks are employed. 1 dislike to desig nate many of these as cruel, and yet thoughtless would be too mild a term. Being in one of these stores lately, I re marked to one of the young lady clerks that she looked very tired (and yet it was a very dull day for business). She replied that she was indeed very tired, and, on my asking her why she did not sit down and rest, she told me that the clerks were not allowed to sit down; that stools or seats were positively pro hibited behind the counters and if they were found sitting down that it would be an offense punishable with a very severe reprimand and possibly their dis charge. 1 was amazed and could hardly believe her statement until it was sub stantiated by another lady clerk. I asked her if it was the rule in all the stores and she replied that it was gen erally so. 1 made inquiries at two more stores and found the rules the same. And yet some of these proprietors are fathers of daughters who, if ihrown on their own resources and compelled to occupy the places of»some of their lady clerks, would be indignant (and justly so) that their daughters should be compelled to stand all day long, when there was no necessity for it. In Chi cago, stools are provided for lady clerks, not always through the kindness of their employers, but for the simple rea sons that they are compelled to do so. In one city, quite distant from here (my former home), the ladies held an indignation meeting on finding that stools were not provided, and resolved that they would in the future not pa tronize any store unless arrangements were made so that the clerks could sit down when not employed, lt had a very beneficial effect. It is a very cruel practice and it shouid not be so in this metropolis of the Northwest, and I raise my humble voice in pro test, and I know when the matter is brought before the public, that others will join me in crying down this great evil.' Let the ladies of St. Paul resolve that those stores which do not provide stools or chairs for their lady clerks will be boycotted by them, and I am sure that it will be productive of much good. Am I right, dear Globe, in so using my cudgel? - 1 am the friend to and the defender of all my sisters who toil and labor for their daily bread; and where indignities, such as these, come to my notice, I shall do all in my feeble way to suppress them. If you think this worthy of a place in your valued paper, 1 will know, indeed, that you are on my side; but, if you should not think so, I will bow to your superior judgment, and forever hereafter hold my peace. May Bee. 'St. Paul. Jan. 22, 1889. Dens in Minnesota. To the Editor of the Globe. If Mrs. Dr. Bushnell would visit some of the dives of Minnesota she would find just as much, if not more, vice and wickedness than in the dance houses of Northern Wisconsin. 1 fully believe every word Mrs. Dr. Bushnell said about those dance houses, tor I have seen and suffered some of their cruelties myself. But you will find worse places in Mm nesota. The high board at Stillwater is far • worse, but it is not known to the citizens there, for everything is kept quiet when anybody is around. If some of the inmates would only tell the cruelties they are subject to in that dive the public sympathy would be aroused. No later than this week a poor girl who had been sick there for four weeks, and who had just got out of bed, was turned out doors at 1 o'clock at night to seek shelter where she might. I met her and took care of her, and can produce her any minute to testify tothe truth of what 1 say. 1 am living in St. Paul, and can prove every word 1 say. Miss Nellie Bradford. St. Paul, Jan. 23. Single Tax Limited. To the Editor of the Globe. An editorial note in the Globe of Jan. 20 says that in England the move- ment to concentrate all taxation on land values "takes the form of taxing ground rents." Is it not the- same here? ■ All that Mr. George asks as the extreme requirement of his land doctrine, as I understand him, is that all ground rent be taken for public uses, as it is created by the growth of the population causing an increasing demand for land, thus in creasing land value, and this land value taken annually by taxation, is ground rent, or "economic rent." '.'..." , Though this "is the ultimate demand of the George theory (plainly stated as the demands of justice by Herbert Spencer, John Stuart Mill and others), it is not the immediate demand of the single tax advocates. ; But they are not simply "tax reformers," seeking to pare off a little here and pile on a little there, to separate the creations of capital and of labor in the effort to equalize their burdens. - - The advocates of the single tax ask only that all of the revenue necessary to carry on the public business shall be drawn from that fund of wealth which is the creation of the entire population, which no private individual can create and which, were absolute justice done,, no one should •■ be allowed to put into his private pocket. This is the "single tax limited" doc trine, now urged here; simply tliat the taxes now raised by such a hodge-podge of assessments, with their accompany ing frauds and lies, shall be assessed upon a thing, known aud used of all men, land values or ground rent. This would check speculation, but. would still leave a margin for buying and sell ing land with profit. This is the doctrine of Henry George, as far as it goes, but he will never be satisfied till the whole rent of the laud is taken by the whole people and used for public benefits, making the whole people richer in commonwealth, water, light, heat, transportation, education, art, music— whatever ought to be within the reach of all and can be covered by such appropriation of the common fund. This is the unlimited single tax doctrine, absurdly decried as the "confiscation of land," though it does not propose to take a foot of land from any one who chooses to hold on and pay the public for the value they add to the land he holds. No doubt by this change many would be incovenienced and disappointed in then expectations of wealth from the land they hold, but no doubt many more are worse inconvenienced by the present methods of taxation. It is safe to "deal justly and love mercy" in both public and private business. J. Z. T. St. Paul, Jan. 24, 1889. " Young Men Out of Work. To the Editor Daily Globe. Dear Sir: I saw an article in your paper a few weeks back about young fellows getting work ; it seemed to bean answer to a letter sent from some un fortunate young fellow to you, and in it you said that a young man could always get work in this town, if he was not par ticular what he did. Now lam not par ticular what I do, and there are hund reds like myself, walking around town without anything to do and' very little money. It is getting pretty tough with most of us; our room rent has been stood off now for a considerable time, but now the proprietors are coming for ward with their long bills for rent and fuel. What are we to do? That we cannot get work at anything, not even for our board alone, is pretty rough on a fellow of twenty-one to . twenty-seven. He wears clothes in the winter that have to be paid for, and room rent is dearer all through. How is it in this country, wages go down in in winter, the very time when expenses rise? 1 should like to know where these places are, where there is plenty of work. I should like to try my luck at getting a job there. If you can afford time and room to put an answer to this question in your val uable paper, you will greatly oblige not only me, but hundreds of other willing hands, that hang around the Union depot and walk from morning till night about the streets of St. Paul. Please excuse the liberty 1 take in writing to you. li. A. Emsley. St. Paul, Jan. 24. The Minneapolis Postoffice. To the Editor of the Globe. How much longer is the term of John J. Ankeny as postmaster at Minne apolis? Please state if there is any probability of his being disturbed by the incoming administration, and if it is true, as stated, that he has retained a majority of. the old Republican incum bents. Spoils. Minneapolis, Jan. 24, 1889. Postmaster Ankeny's commission runs until sometime in July, 1890, or thereabouts. It is believed he will not be disturbed during his term on the ground of "offensive partisanship," though the active work of a Republican candidate might dislodge him. . He has retained in his employ the Republican deputy postmaster, superintendent of carriers and others, while a large ma jority of the carrier force has always been Republican. . :_> Jim. Montana Reservations. To the Editor of the Globe. -i*-: v- r Would you please answer in the Daily Globe a few questions about the recently-opened reservation in Mon tana? Is the land good forfarming,and is it surveyed? Is there any timber? Where could 1 write to get full inform ation? How far is it from a railroad? Do you think it would be a good place to move to? Hoping you will give me a little information about it, 1 remain, yours truly, Peter Johnson. Dwight, Dak., Jan. 23. All information desired can be ob tained most promptly and fully by com municating with the land office at Hel ena, Mont. 1 ■■ It Will Not Be Leap Year. To the Editor of the Globe. • Sir: To settle a dispute will you be kind enough to let us know, through your valuable paper, whether the year of 1900 will be a leap year or not? If not. please state why not and greatly oblige yours truly, Louis Holz. . Watertown. Dak., Jan. 23. If the last two figures of a date are a multiple of 4. the year is a leap year.. If the date is an even century, it must be a multiple of 400. The year 1900 will not be a leap year. It Is a Fat Office. To the Editor of the Globe. Who has the power of appointment, and what is the salary for the position of secretary to the American minister to England ? Ix<j uibeb. St. Paul, Jan. 17, 1889. The appointive power is vested in the president. The salary is $2,625 per an num, but there are fees and perquisites which will bring the revenue up to about 86,000. _»». FROZEN MUTTON TRADE. FROZEN MUTTON TRADE. It Amounts to a Vast Sum Be- tween Australia and England. The following is taken from the Live Stock Journal, Loudon: "The repre sentative of a firm of meat importers in London has recently had an interview with the ministor of mines in New South Wales, with the view of extending the frozen mutton trade. He pointed out that up to the present the major part of the frozen meat trade had been carried on with New Zealand, which last year sent to Lon don 7CG.417 sheep, as against SB.SII for warded from the Australian continent. It was stated if encouragement were given the firm he represented could take from Australia at least 20,000 car casses per month, which, if proper slaughtering stations, chill-rooms and. railway appliances were provided, would amply pay the stock raisers. What was required to develop the trade and make it a source of revenue to the colony was the establishment of inland depots where the meat could be slaughtered and stored ready for transmission to the coast. The expense of carriage to England, including: cost of landing and selling, would not be more than from 2d to 2>^d per pound, and if it realized not lower than 4d per pound . it would be satisfactory to the shippers. The minister of mines said that in the col ony there were at the present time over 50,000,000 sheep, and no doubt an im mense number might De utilized with profit for export." , .*_ -',', Big Sandy Station, Montana. Never heard of the place, have you? Nevertheless, 11,786 fat cattle, 3,000 fat sheep and 200,000 pounds of wool were shipped to mark™ in 1888 by the St. Paul, Minneapolis & Manitoba railway. Rig Sandy is surrounded on all sides by government land, free to settlers., It is a splendid place for you " to engage in business. . : - THE PAINT PAUL DAILY GLOBE: FRIDAY MORNING, JANUARY 25, 1889. THE COMMERCIAL RECORD. A Panic in the Wheat Pit Owing to Heavy Selling by Shorts. Corn Dull, Oats the Same and Pro- visions Go Still Lower. Financial Operations in the monetary Centers— General Quo- tations. Special to the Globe. Special to the Globe. C HicAGo, Jan. Although there was a decided change in prices, such as occurred yesterday, this was a very active day in wheat. Up to Ip. m. the range for May was from 95%@97%c. The opening was at 9" c, with a bulge to 97% c and a drop to 95% the first few minutes. In half an hour the price had rallied to 90% c, and for another hour there was hard fighting in the pit with the price close around 96%@95%. Then Jones-Kennett, Bchwartz-Dupee, Mitchell and others turned quick buyers. The shorts took alarm, and every ■ house on the floor tried to get wheat from 96% cup to 97% c. The reaction might have been much stronger. but Hutchinson was a persistent open seller, credited afterward with buying considerable under cover. W. T. Baker, it was said, sold quite a line. He was one of the last bulls to weaken. After May reached 97% cit fell off to 96% c, and again to 97% on a little flurry just before Ip. m. Those who really believe that wheat will land above $1 when the storm of liquidation is over breathed easier and said the worst was past. Liverpool cables quoted spot wheat 2d lower. Ex porters were both buying and Belling. Primary receipts were 86.000 bu and exports, mostly flour, were 76,000 bu. After 1 o'clock there was a little additional bulge in wheat The price of May touched 97% c. with the close at 97% cor 97% c over last night and l%c over "the bottom price this morning. Wheat taken for ex port was 12 boat-loads at Baltimore and 4 loads at New York. The corn pit was quite dull most of the session, with many of the regular traders attracted to the wheat pit. Nevertheless there was a firm feeling and a slight advance in prices. The short interest in corn and the relatively low prices makes the market sensitive to a little unusual bid ding. The receipts were 123 cars, with only 3 cars No. 2 grade. Shipments here were 78,000 bushels. Export clearances were about 200,000 bushels, mostly from Balti more. Oats were unusually dull, with little or no change in prices for futures. Receipts. 59 cars., Another day of lower prices was experienced in the provision pit. Prices for mess pork went off quite as sharply as on previous days, but there was less evidence of raiding. Prices a ppeired to go lower this morning through lack of any active support. When there was a little aggressive buying it was shown by a rally in the pit. Receipts of hogs were 17,500, and prices for all except light lots 5c lower. Receipts at six packing points were 38,000 against . 36,000 one year ago. February pork opened 15c lower at $11.85; May opened 10c lower at $12.30, sold down to $12.05 before the call and later became steady around [email protected]%. May ribs s-o Id down to $6.35, and May lard to $6.92%, with slight rallies before the close. THE ROUTINE REPORT. Chicago, Jan. 24.— Quite a large business was transacted in wheat today, and the feeling was unsettled and feverish. The opening was about the same to %c higher than yesterday's closing, but declined l%c under large offerings, and apparently nobody to take them. „ Later it ruled stronger, and advanced I%e, then .. became easier and closed about %c higher than yesterday. The early decline, it is claimed, again brought out considerable long wheat, some of which was forced on the market tor lack of mar gins. The reported, failure of an Eastern firm also contributed to the weakness, though this was subsequently denied. The later reaction and improvement was attri buted to active covering by snorts and possi bly some buying on long account la expecta tion of a reaction. Trading on out side account was fairly large. It was rumored that a prominent local operator had margined bis trade down to Boc. and ru mored export buyiug at the seaboard assisted j the recovery from inside figures. ''Corn ■'• opened a trifle better than the closing prices of yesterday, was steady for a time, then ad vanced %®%c. and near futures showing the greater strength, reacted some, and closed Va @%c higher than yesterday. Oats were quiet and steady with" slight fluctuations. The trade in mess pork was moderately active, but prices ruled with considerable irregu larity. Offerings were rather free early in the day and a reduction of 30@35c on the losing figures of yesterday was submitted to. Later the market developed a little more strength and prices gradually improved 10® 12% c aud closed comparatively steady. Lard. was moderatively active and somewhat un settled prices ruled 7%@10c lower early in the day but rallied again 5®7%c, and closed steady. Short ribs were less active and weaker. Prices ruled 10@12%c lower early, but rallied 2%@5c later and closed steady. THE GENERAL QUOTATIONS. The leading futures were as follows: Wheat— No. 2 January closing at 93% c; Feb ruary, 93c, closing at93%c;May, 97c, clos ing at 97% c; July, 89c, closing at 89% c. Corn— No. 2 January, 34% c. closing at 34c; March, 35 tic. closing at 35% c; May, 36% C. closing at 36% c. Oats— No. 2 January closed at 24c; February. 24% c, closing at 24% c. May, 27% c, closing at 27% c. Mess Pork (per bbl)— January opened at $11.65, closed at $11.70; Marjh opened at $11.75, closing at $11.85; May. $12.30, closing at 812.10. Lard (per 100 lbs)— January closed at 80.85; March. opened at 86.87%, clos ing at 80-87%: May, 80.97, closing at $6.95. Short Ribs (per 100 January clos ing at $6.20; March, $6.42%, closing at $6.35; May, 86.47%, closing at $6.40. Cash quotations were as follows: Flour dull and unchanged. Wheat— No. 2 soring, 93@93%c: No. 2 red, 93@!»3%c. Corn— No. 2, 34%cbid. Oats— No. 2. 24%®24%c. Rye —No. 2, 48c. Flax Seed— No. 1, $I.6>i. Timothy Seed— Prime, $1.57. Mess pork, per bbl. [email protected]. Lard, per 100 lbs., $6.82%@6.85. Short ribs, sides (loose), 80.30. Dry salted shoulders (boxed), 86® 6.25. Short clear sides (boxed), $6.62%® 6.75. Whisky— Distillers' finished goods, per gal, $1.03. Sugar— Cut loaf, 7%@8%c; gran ulated, 7. fee; standard A, 6%c. Receipts- Flour, 11.000 bbls; wheat, 26,000 bu; corn, 80,000 bu ; oats, 78,000 bu ; rye, 6,000 bu ; barley. 66,000 bu. Shipments— 10,000 bu ; wheat, 17,000 bu ; corn, 78,000 bu ; oats, 70,000 bu; rye, 7,000 bu; barley, 40,000 bu. On the produce exchange to-day the butter market was dull and unchanged. Eggs steady at !5®15%c. R. M. NEWPORT & SON, Investment Bankers, 152, 153, 154 Drake Block. Loan Money ' on Improved Real Estate Security, At 6, OK, 7,7% »nd 8 per cent, On Shortest Notice for any amount On Shortest Notice for any amount COCHRAN&TWALSH, Comer Fourth and Jackson streets. Real Estate and Mortgage Loans. General Financial Affents. CHARLES E. LEWIS. Commission Merchant & Stock Broker, 104-108 Third St. S., Minneapolis. Member Chicago Board of Trade and Stock Exchange, and Minneapolis Chamber of Commerce. Private wires to New York, Chi cago and Duluth. bPKCJ AL ATTENTION GIVEN TO Out-of-Town Orders for futures on Grain, Provisions, Slocks, etc. Market Reports furnished on application. .Duluth Grain. Special to the Globe. Duluth. Minn.. Jan. 24.— After "the ex citement, nervous and "• unsettled feeling caused by the large decline and wide fiuctua^ tions in yesien'»y's market, to-day having more steady and firm sentiment, the close was dull, but firm, with buyers of May wheat at outside quotations. Cash wheat was very dull and neglected, closing .firm, with buyers at yesterday's closiug quotations. No. 1 hard, no transactions; 81.10 bid. Buyers and sellers apart on the other grades. No. 1 northern, nominal at 97®98c ; No. 2 north ern, nominal at 87@88c. Jannary wheat dull; no transactions; closed with buyers at $1.10. February wheat dull; no transac tions, nominal at $1.10, with buyers. May wheat opened late, with sales of 10,000 bu at $1.15%. which was %c off from yester day's clcß3. There appeared to be but little of it for sale, and during the next hour buy ers were numerous and bid it up to 81.16%, where it was firmly pegged to the close. - The. close was firm ana nominal at $1.17.'- June wheat dull; no trading in it, closing at i 684 bid. .-. v7:yp.yyy> • Milwaukee Produce. - Milwaukee, Jan. 24.— Flour < dull and unchanged. ; Wheat firmer; cash, 88c; May, 91% c; June, 90% c. Corn firm; No. 3,32 c. Oats steady; No. 2 white, 28c. Rye weaker; No. 1, 47% c. Barley stronger; No. 2, 62% c. Provisions easier. - Pork, , : $11.75. -• Lard, $6.82%. Butter steady : > dairy, 18@20c. Eggs quieter; fresh, 16c. Cheese dull ; Ched dars, 10% c. Receipts— Flour, 2,700 „ bbls; wheat, 2.600 bu: barley, 24,700 bu. ■ Ship ments—Flour, 9.600 -bu;. wheat, 2.100 bu; barley, 13,700 bu. >:.■ . ESTABLISHED 1879. ESTABLISHED 1879. Woodward & Company, GRAIN COMMISSION, ' 42 Corn Exchange, - Minneapolis, Execute orders for future elivery in t, Chicago.Milwaukee or Duluth. ; furnished on application*' St. Jjouis Produce. y>:y St. Louis, Jan. Flour quiet and un changed. Wheat— quiet and essentially unchanged. Options higher; the market was; unsettled at the opening, out after selling % @.%c lower, there came a reaction that car ried the price up 1 cent, and the close was %c above yesterday. No. 2 red, ■ cash, 91c r May, 93%@94%c; closed 94c bid; June. 00%®91c, closed 90% c bid; July, 82%@ 83% c, closed 82% c. Corn firm and higher. No. 2 mixed cash 29% ; February, 30c, clos iug, 30c bid; March, 31c; April, 31%; May, 32% i; closed, 32%@-.2%c bid. Oats higher and strong; No. 2, cash, -sc; May, 27% c @28. Rye, • nothing doing. ; . Barley, no de mand whatever. Hay very dull: prairie, [email protected]; timothv,"Bio®l4. Bran dull, 60c. Flaxseed nominally $ 1.52%. Lead firm; refined, $3.60; soft Missouri.B3.ss. Butter quiet and unchanged ; creamery, 21® 23c; dairy, 20c.e Eggs, ir%c. Corn meal steady at [email protected]. Whisky steady at $1.03. Provisions dull and lower. Pork, 812..'[email protected]. Lard, dull; prime steam nominal. $6.75. Dry Salt Shoulders, $5.50; longs and ribs, $6.50; short clear, 86.75. Bacon, shoulders, boxed, $6.50; --longs and ribs, [email protected]: short clear, $7.02 Bagging, 7%@9c. Iron cotton ties. Receipts— Flour, 2,000 bbls; wheat, 5.0u0 bu; corn, 119,0<0bu; oats, 18.000 bu; rye, none; barley, 10,000 bu. Shipments— 9,000 bbls; wheat, 4,000 bu: corn, 106,000 bu ; oats, 32,000 bu; rye, none ; barley none. BANK OF MINNESOTA. Paid Up Capital, 8600,000. • ? Surplus, $100,000 Wm. Dawson, Pres. Robt. A. Smith, V.Pres Wm. Dawson. Jr.. Cashier. loledo Grain. Toledo. Jan. 24.— Wheat, active; higher; cash, 93%@95c; May, 95 % c; July. BS%c. Corn dull, but steady; cash, 34% c: May, 37% c. Oats, quiet; cash, 27c. Clover s*d, dull; cash and February, 85.25; March, $5.32. Receipts— 11,000 bu; corn, 2,000 bu; oats. 10,000 bu. 7 7 •,-:" ' - ■ » WALKER & CO. y WALKER & CO. Members New York Stock Exchange and :•• ' Chicago Board of Trade. Offices : New York, 44 Broadway ; St. Paul, 1 Giifillan Block; Chicago, 6 Pacific Ay. STOCK, GRAIN, PhOVISION, COTTON 77 AND OIL BROKERS. AND OIL BROKERS. Direct wires from our office in St. Paul, No. - 1 Giifillan Block, to New York Stock Ex change and Chicago Board of Trade. Kansas City Grain. Kansas City, Jan. 24.— Wheat quiet; No. Kansas City, Jan. 24.— Wheat quiet; No. 2 red cash, 90c asked; May, 91c bid, 93% c asked: No 2 soft, cash, 9-c asked; Jauu uary. 89@89%c;May, 92c bid, 9.:% c asked. year, 70c bid. Cora quiet: No. 2 cash, 25 % c bid, 26c asked ; May, 28% c bid, 29% c asked ; No. 2 white, May, 30% c bid, 30% c asked. Oats— .no. 2, cash, no bids nor offer ing«; May, 23% c bid, 24c asked. J. J. WATSO.N, BRO. & HYNDMAN, 96 East Fourth Street, 'y 7 .::'. REAL ESTATE AND MORTGAGE INVEST- MENTS fif'.M FIRE INSURANCE AGENCY. 7 New York Produce. .F New York, Jan.24.— Flour— Receipts, 11. --787 pkgs; exports. 10.6i<2 bbls; I.s97 sacks?' dull heavy sales: 32, 1 10 bbls. Wheat—Re ceipts, 2,666 bu ; exports none; sales, 10, --160,000 bu futures; 11,0>>0 spot; spot ir regular; closing firmer; No. 2 red, 93%® 95% c, elevator, 96@96%c afloat; 9i%@ 96*40 f. o. b. ; No. 3 red, nominal; No. 1. red, $1.06; No. 1 white, 98%@99c ; No. 2 Chicago, nominal; options less active; firmer; early %@7fcc lower; advanced %@i%c, de (►lined %@l4c, closed %®%c over yesterday. No. 2 red January 93% c; Febuary. 93%® 94% c, closing at94%c; March, 94%©95% c, closing at 95% c; May, closed at 98% c; June, 97%@98%C, closing at 9S%c; July. 94%®. 05% c, closingat 95% c; August, 91%@92%c,;, closing at 92% c; -December, 94Vi@9>%ci. closing at 95% c. Barley steady. Barley malt, quiet. Corn— Receipts, 79,100; bu; exportsl 18,438 bu; sales 232.000 futures: 112.000 spot. Spot market moderately active. %®%c higher; strong; No. 2, 43>4@43%c elevator; 44%@44%c afloat; N0.2 white, 44@44%c;- No. 3, 39Vi@41c: ungraded mixed 33® 45c; steamer mixed, 41@42%c. Options dull: %®%c higher: -firm: January, 43c%;j February, -13%@43%c, closing at 43 .fee; March, 44%@4-17sc. closing at 44% c; April, 45% c; May, 45%@45%c, closing at 45% c; Receipts. 36,000 bu; exports, 1,090 bu; sales 155.00 »bu futures; 132,000 bu spot. Spot market fairly active; stronger; options quiet: firmer; January, 31 %c; Feb ruary, 31 .4©31% c, closing at 31% c; March, 3H'2@3l%c, closingat 31% c; May, 32%© 32% c, closing at 32% c; spot No. 2 white, 3 @34% c; mixed western, 28@32c; white western, 33@39c ; No. 2 Chicago, 32c. Hay quiet. Hops firm on choice; quiet. Coffee Options opened steady at 5® 10 points, closing steady at 15®25 points above yes terday sales. '38,500 bags, including: Jan uary, 15.65© 15.80 c: February, 15.60© 15.70 c; March, [email protected]; April and May, 15.5 ®15.65 c: June 15.60 c; July, [email protected]: August, 15.65©15.70 c: Sep tember, '@l5.80c: October, 15.8<i@ 15.95 c; December, [email protected]; spot Rio steady; fair cargoes. 17% c. Sugar— Raw. weak ; fair refining, 4%c; : centrifugals, 96 --test. 5 9-lGc; refined more active ; steady. Molasses— Foreign, strong; sales, two car-, goes Cuba to arrive, at2o%c. Rice quiet; firm. Petroleum quiet; steady crude in bbls, 80.50 ©7.10; rehned here, $7.D»; Philadelphia and Baltimore. $7; United closed at 85% c. Cotton oil depressed: crude. 43c; yellow, 50c. Tallow depressed, inactive; city, 5%c. Rosin quiet. Turpentine quiet, nt 45%@ 45% c. Eggs dull; lower; Western,l6@l6%c; receipts, 3,s9l' pkgs. P^rk lower, dull; old mess, [email protected]; new mess. $13.50© 13.75: extra prime. 813. Cut meats firm; pickled bellies, 7%@Bc: do shoulders, 6%c; do hams, 10% c; middles easy ; short clear, 7c, Lard lower, spot quiet; options, active; sales. Western steam, spot, [email protected]; Closing at [email protected]: city, $6.85; Janu ary, $7.28: February, [email protected], closing at 87.29; March, $7.29; April, $7.30; May, 87 [email protected], closing at 87.30 asked: June, $7.31 ©7.35, closing at $7.31 asked; August, 57.34®7.37, closing at $7.35. Butter firm on choice; Western dairy, 13@18c; do creamery, 16@26%c: Eigins. 28c. Cheese strong, ouiet; Western, 10%@11%c." Pig iron steady. Copper feverish; lake, Janu ary, $17. Lead firm, fairly active: domes tic, $3.82%. Tin steady: straits, $21.60. Liverpool Grain. Liverpool, Jan. Wheat weak; demand poor; holders offer freely; Cala, No. 1. 7s 7d per.centnl; red western spring, 7s 8d; do winter, 7s 6d. Coru quiet but steady; de mand fair.. E. R. BARDEN, GRAIN COMMISSION. Wheat, Com, Oats, Barley, Baled HajV3- Wheat, Corn, Oats, Barley, Raled Hayi ' 14 Chamber of Commerce, St. Paul. — FINANCIAL. 71" New York. . 'v, : : New York, Jan. 24.— Clearings. 8108,896, - balances. 11 7,288. Money on call easy at 2 percent. Prime mercantile paper. 4@6%. Sterling exchange active and farm at; • $4.«6f0r sixty-day bills and $4.89 for j de^ , maud. The stock market was still less act-* ive to-day and the dealings were even more than usual of late, devoid of special feature. The reduction in the bank of England's rate. of discount with continued ease of money, \ both here and abroad, gave the foreigners renewed confidence this morning, and they ' took some lots of stocks here ana gave for the time being a better tone to the lo- " cal market than was seen yesterday.'. The local operators were waiting ■ for : news from the . president's meeting at. Chicago, however, and in the meantime the Dears as usual seized/the opportunity to - make demonstration against the list, and es pecially the coalers and Union Pacific, and aid was received from Chicago in . the ' shape ' ot pressure to sell the : grangers. The de pression caused by these efforts was not in proportion to the amount 01 . work done, the declines established being confined to small fractions in ; every case. '. The poor ' success led to a covering movement late in the day, and the losses were about ; recovered before the close. A few. stocks showed marked strength, • among • which Wheeling & Lake Erie was more prominent, the buying , being attributed to insiders. Pullman opened up 1% per cent on the rumor that the agreement. had been signed by which the company gains control of the Union company, but the report was stated to be premature . and the stock re acted. :- It was not until after the close of business that the official statement to that. effect was put out. Rock Island and St. Paul preferred were - the only stocks iv : which there was any marked . impression made by the bears, each losing over a point, although both recovered handsomely toward the close. ■ First prices were : firm to strong and the ad vances over last evening's', figures extended to % per cent and further.. slight gains were generally made, though only Wheeling and Lake . Erie " displayed . any : real . strength. Toward noon the market ' subsided ' into the most extreme dullness, and some heaviness developed in the coalers and grangers which after 12 m. was accompanied by more anima tion under the attempts of the bears to de press quotations. In the last hour there was renewed strength all over tbe list and prices recovered almost all the losses of the day and In some cases fractions in addition. The close : was dull but • firm. Most of the list was slightly ; higher, but in : no case is the final change for more than a fraction. There was again a moderate business in railroad bonds, the sales of all issues • reaching 81,787.000, out of which $154,000 were in Nickel Plate fours, $140,000 Chesapeake & Ohio certificates, and $109,000 Reading fours. . The movements in the general list, however, were on a par with the fluctua tions >in stocks, and while the tone of the market was firm to strong, some weakness was shown here and there, and final prices are somewhat irregular. - Government bonds were dull and steady. State bonds were dull and steady. The total sales of stocks to-day were 177,488 shares, including: Del., L. & W... 24, 400 Reading 39,200 Erie........... 4,600 K. &W. ... . 4,825 Lake Shore.... 3,712 St. Paul 19,010 Mo. Pac .... ... 4,010 Union Pacfic.. . 6,970 Northwestern. .12,450 Western Union 3,425 Chicago. j Chicago, Jan. 24. --Money on call 5@5% per cent; time loans 6@7 percent. Bauk clear ings, $9,598,000. New York exchange par. R. M. NEW FORT & SON Investment Bankers, 152, 153 and 154 Drake Block, St. Paul, Minn. Buy and Sell Stocks. Bonds and Real Estate Quotations of Stocks and Bonds. • New York, Jan. 24.— Stocks and bonds closed at the following prices bid: U. S. 4s reg 127% Hocking Valley. 24% do 45c0up....127% Houston & Tex.. 15 do 4%5reg....109 Illinois Central. ll3% do coup.. 109 Ind.. B.& W..:. 9% Pac. 6s of '95... 120 Kansas & Texas. 13 .4 La. stamped 45.; 88% Lake Erie & W. 16% Missouri 65..... 100% d0pfd.......:. 527/fc T. new set. ... 103 Lake Shore 102% do do 55... 100 Louisville &N.. 57% do do 35... 72. Louis. &N. A... 35 Can. South'n 2ds 94% Memphis &C... 49 Cen. Pac. lsts .113 Mich. Central... 85 D. & R. G. 15t5.,119% Mil., L. S. & W.. 56 : do do 48.'.;. 76% dopfd 92 D. & R.G.W. lsts 84% Mpls. & St. L.. .. 5% Erie2ds..... 101% dopfd 10 M. K. &T. G. 6s 57% Mo. Pacific :. 72% do do 55.... 54 Mobile & Ohio.. 8 Mut. Union 100% Nash. & Chatt.. 82% N. J. C. int. cert.lo9% N. J. Central .... 98% N. Pac. lsts. ...116% N. & W. pfd.... 51% do 2ds 113% >. Pacific .'. ..... 25% N. W. c0n5015... 146 dopfd 60% do deb. 5s 109% western... 106% Or. & Trans. 65.. 1027* do pfd .-.141% St. L.& I. M.G.5s 84% N.Y. Central.... 108% St.L.& 5.F.G.M..115V2 N. V..C. & St. L. 17% St. Paul consols. 124 dopfd 70 StP.,C.&P.lsts.ll7 Ohio & Miss..... 21% T. P. L. U. T. R. 89% dopfd 84% T. P. R. G. T. R 36 Ont. & West 15% Union Pac. lsts. 112% Oregon 1mp..... 67 West Shore 105% Oregon Nay .... 91% Adams Express.l 44 Oregon Transc'l. 3% Alton &T. .... 43 Pacific Mail* .... 36 dopfd 85 P..D.&E 22% Am. Express. ...109 Pittsbunr ....... 156 8.. C. R. &N... 20 Pullman P. Car. 191 Canad'n Pacific. 52% Reading 48 Can. Southern.. 50% Rock Island 97% Cen. Pacific. .... 35% St. L. & St. F... 23% Ches. &0hi0.... 19% dopfd 62 do lstspfd.... 16% do lsts pfd. ...113% ■ d02dpfd...... 17% St. Pau1......... «4 Chi. & Alton.. dopfd 101% C, B. & Q.......108% St. P.,M. &M...100% C. St. L. &P.... 14 St. P. & Omaha. 31% do ptd ....... 35 dopfd 91% C, S. &C. ..... 63 Term. C. &I ... 31% Cleve. &Col 57% Texas Pacific... 20% Del. & H .......130% Tol. & O. C. pfd. 50 Del:, L. & W.... [y MIXING SHARES. j• „ '-' ' SAN FRANCISCO. Alta $2 30 Mount Diablos2 40 Bulwer 55 Navajo... 165 Best & Belcher 525 Ophir .5 12% Bodie C0n.... 170 Potosi 235 Chollar ...... 325 Savage 305 Con. Cal.& Va 775 Sierra Nevada 300 Crown Point.. 5 62% Union C0n.... 2 70 Gould & Curry 290 Utah..... 120 Hale & Nor... 485 Yellow Jacket 440 Mexican ; 340 Commonw'th. 575 Mono 1 15 IN. Belle Isle. 250. LOMBARD INVESTMENT COMPANY, \ [. .. •>. Boston, Mass. 77y77', Capital and Surplus, - - $1,600,0007 No. 150 Leadenhall St.,London,E.C.Eng. I No. 150 Leadenhall St.,London,E.C.Eng. WESTERN OFFICE.... KANSAS CITY, MO. Loans on St. Paul and, Minneapolis Real Estate and Improved Farms in Minnesota and Western Wisconsin promptly closed. No applications sent away for approval. B. Lombard, Jr., President; James L. Lombard, Vice President and General Man ager: Lewis Lombard, Second Vice Presi dent; William, McGeorge, Jr., Third Vice President: W. E. . Swentzel, Fourth Vice President and Assistant General Manager; William A. Lombard, Secretary. ', "•■■'. ;;.: • :.-• ST. PAUL OFFICE, GLOBE BUILDING. H. J. DEUEL Manager. LOCAL. MARKETS. • St. Paul. The board opened with sn inactive market * The board opened with an inactive market and so continued to the close. Wheat showed a decline of lc all ' around. Corn and oats quiet. Rye steady and a little firmer. Ground feed dull. Dressed hogs are steady. Eggs unchanged. . The call: • . Wheat— No. 1 hard, $I.ls bid: No. 1 north ern, $1.06 bid; No. 2 northern, 95c bid. Coru— No. 2. 31% c bid; January, 31c bid; No. 3, 29@3<Jc bid:- No. 2 white, 27c bid No. 3, 25% c asked. ' • ■ - r 'V ' Rye— No. 2, 50c bid. > Ground Feed-No. 1, $12.00. bid; $12.50 Brail— Bulk, 89 bid. ;" Hay— No. 1 upland prairie, 85 bid, $5.50 asked; No. 1, 84 bid. Dressed HojiS— Bs.so bid. Flax Seed— Bl.ss bid. Timothy Seed— sl.4o bid. •-:.'. --• Clover Seed— bid. Eggs— lsc bid, 16c asked; ice house, 10c bid. . • . .________: - CLARK & METZ, . i Commission Consignments Solicited. Butter, Eggs, Poultry, Beef, Pork, Hides.etc Prompt Returns. 104 E. Fifth Street. St. Paul, Minn. Produce Exchange. The whole produce market is very dull and The whole produce market is very dull and quiet and prices are practically unchanged. Butter continues weak and dull, with moder ate accumulations. Cheese is firm. Oranges and lemons steady. Poultry is unchanged, with moderate demand. Apples quiet. E. Townsend Mix. W. A.Holbrook Messrs. E. TOWNSEND MIX & CO. Messrs. E. TOWNSEND MIX & CO. ARCHITECTS, : , 300 TEMPLE COURT, Minneapolis, Architects of Northwestern Guaranty Loan Building, the New Globe and , other impor tant works. HB^fai^fafißaflK i B. H. Brown, Supt. of Construction. 1 i MINNEAPOLIS. r • •■. j j Chamber of Commerce. | The disposition was to sell wheat all the morning, and as one broker said, every one that was long a few days ago was now short Or trying hard to get so. There were offer ings at $1.02, and a few trades at that to begin with. Then the buying spirit took tne lead aud the market went to $1.02%, with good trading, then fell back to $1.02%. and advanced again to 81.03%, with good buyiug demand. . Reports from other places were uncertain and prices alternating between weakness and strength. There was rain in parts of the winter wheat region, extending through Western New York and Pennsylva nia, Southern Illinois, Georgia, Virginia and Tennessee. That caused talk of what the possible result may be to winter wheat. James Marshall was a buyer during the day, and Hooker bought considerable, but • at sev eral times was also seller. - Wheeler was sell ing a little, and Gregory was on both sides of the market. Some of the millers known to be long were adding to their string, and others that are carrying light loads picked up ; some May wheat, because they evidently thought ;it was cheap. Commission men who have long customers did .; little, and it was believed most of the country buyers are \ shaken out. The elevator men, as a rule, did nothing in futures. " Wheat opened at 81.02 for May and sold up to $1.02%, back to $1.02%, and up to 81.03% before I o'clock. There was good trading during ■. much of the session, and it was quite easy to buy or sell at ■ the current figures. The first sale was the low point !. of the day. The demand for cash wheat was not good, but that did not appear to check the current of buying of futures as much as is usual. There was little news to influence ; prices, but much gossip. It was reported raining in much of the winter wheat country. In New York there was said to be a better foreign demand. The closing was steady at a fraction - below the top for tne day, with good demand: 20,000 bu May wheat sold at $1.02; 15,000 bu 1*1.02%; 10,000 bu May, 81.02%; ; 120.000 bu May, : 81 .02% ; 5,000 bu May, 81.02%: 50,000 bu May, $1.02% : 65.000 bu May, $1,023; 90,000 bu May, $1.03%; 35,000 bu May, $1.03%; 20,-. |
github_open_source_100_8_20063 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | use eframe::egui::{self, Label, RichText};
#[derive(Default)]
pub struct Logs {
items: Vec<String>,
}
impl Logs {
pub fn new(items: Vec<String>) -> Self {
Self { items }
}
pub fn show(&mut self, ctx: &egui::CtxRef, is_open: &mut bool) {
egui::Window::new("Logs")
.open(is_open)
.default_height(300.0)
.show(ctx, |ui| self.ui(ui));
}
pub fn ui(&mut self, ui: &mut egui::Ui) {
if self.items.is_empty() {
ui.add(Label::new(RichText::new(" - Empty - ").monospace()));
} else {
for item in self.items.iter() {
ui.add(
Label::new(
RichText::new(format!("• {}", &item))
.color(egui::Color32::RED)
.small(),
)
.wrap(true),
);
}
}
}
}
|
github_open_source_100_8_20064 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
[RequireComponent(typeof(AudioSource))]
public class SamplerVoice_Lesson2 : MonoBehaviour
{
private readonly ASREnvelope_Lesson2 _envelope = new ASREnvelope_Lesson2();
private AudioSource _audioSource;
public void Play(AudioClip audioClip, double attackTime, double sustainTime, double releaseTime)
{
sustainTime = (sustainTime > attackTime) ? (sustainTime - attackTime) : 0.0;
_envelope.Reset(attackTime, sustainTime, releaseTime, AudioSettings.outputSampleRate);
_audioSource.clip = audioClip;
_audioSource.Play();
}
private void Awake()
{
_audioSource = GetComponent<AudioSource>();
}
private void OnAudioFilterRead(float[] buffer, int numChannels)
{
for (int sIdx = 0; sIdx < buffer.Length; sIdx += numChannels)
{
double volume = _envelope.GetLevel();
for (int cIdx = 0; cIdx < numChannels; ++cIdx)
{
buffer[sIdx + cIdx] *= (float)volume;
}
}
}
}
|
US-87290992-A_2 | USPTO | Public Domain | When the signal MAIN-ALARM alone has been generated from the switch circuit 120 as shown in FIG. 35A, a signal ALARM-ON is issued after the passage of a rise delay period of time from the generation by inverting a rise delay output DSG as shown in FIGS. 35B and 35F. Even if a signal SUB-ALARM is generated from the switch circuit 121 during the issuance of the signal ALARM-ON as shown in FIGS. 35C and 35F, the signal SUB-ALARM is disregarded, resulting in that the automatic resetting switch circuits 120 and 121 are not set. If the signal MAIN-ALARM is turned off within the rise delay period of time after the generation, no signal ALARM-ON is issued as shown in FIGS. 35A and 35F. The above arrangement makes it possible to avoid erroneous alarming due to a noise or the like in the main circuit.
When the signal SUB-ALARM has been generated while the signal MAIN-ALARM is off, or when it has not completely passed after the generation of the signals MAIN-ALARM, MAIN-SET and SUB-SET are generated, resulting in that the automatic resetting switch circuits 120 and 121 are set. The level(s) of the currently input signal (s) are stored and, simultaneously, the signal MAIN-ALARM and the signal SUB-ALARM currently being generated are terminated. The signals MAIN-SET and SUB-SET are such that, since they are generated on the basis of the signal SUB-ALARM (the automatic resetting switch circuit 121 detects a signal indicating the current position of the car), the signal MAIN-SET is output first as shown in FIG. 35D, and when this signal is terminated, the signal SUB-SET is output as shown in FIG. 35E.
As has been described above, in the electronic car bumper according to the present invention, the sub-sensor plates detects and removes ground surface noises generated in the main sensor plates for detecting an obstacle such as a person. Therefore, it is possible to improve the sensitivity without involving the risk of malfunction even when the bumper mounting position is low to the ground.
It should be understood that many modifications and adaptations of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art and it is intended to encompass such obvious modifications and changes in the scope of the claims appended hereto.
What is claimed is:
1. An electronic car bumper comprising:a plurality of sensors, provided in a car bumper, each including sensor plates, a first loading coil coupled to one of said sensor plates, and a first divided capacitor coupled to said loading coil; a reference resonance circuit including a reference capacitor, a second loading coil coupled to said reference capacitor and a second divided capacitor coupled to said second loading coil; an oscillator which selectively drives any one of said sensors and said reference resonance circuit through a switch device; a detector for detecting an output of said oscillating portion; a discriminator for discriminating an output of said detector and providing a corresponding discriminating signal as a first output associated with said sensors and a second output associated with said reference resonance circuit; a synchronous means for switching said switch device and said first and second outputs of said discriminator in synchronization; a direct current amplifier for amplifying the first output of said discriminator associated with said sensors, in which an output of the amplifier is adjusted to a point at zero as a reference voltage according to the second output of said discriminator portion associated with said reference resonance circuit; and a comparator which compares an output of said direct current amplifier with a threshold reference which is adjusted according to said reference voltage.
2. An electronic car bumper as claimed in claim 1, further including a smoothing circuit for smoothing the output from said detector corresponding to each of said sensors.
3. An electronic car bumper as claimed in claim 2, further including a voltage follower connected in front of said smoothing circuit.
4. An electronic car bumper as claimed in claim 3, wherein two of said sensors are mounted at a front bumper and two of said sensors are mounted at a rear bumper.
5. An electronic car bumper comprising:a plurality of sensors, located in a car bumper, each comprising sensor plates and a first loading coil connected to one of said sensor plates; a reference resonance circuit comprising a reference capacitor and a second loading coil connected to said reference capacitor; a plurality of oscillators respectively connected to said plurality of sensors and said reference resonance circuit; a plurality of first switches respectively connecting said plurality of oscillators to a power supply; a discriminating portion for discriminating and gating outputs of said plurality of oscillators corresponding to said plurality of sensors and said reference resonance circuit through a plurality of second switches; a synchronous means for switching said first and second switches in synchronization; and comparators which are connected to said plurality of second switches and which compare outputs corresponding to said plurality of sensors with a reference voltage corresponding to an output from said reference resonance circuit.
6. An electronic car bumper as claimed in claim 5, further including detectors which detect the respective outputs of said oscillators.
7. An electronic car bumper as claimed in claim 6, further including direct current amplifiers which amplify outputs from said detectors corresponding to said sensors.
8. An electronic car bumper employing a high-frequency proximity switch including sensor plates comprising:parallel first and second plate electrodes which confront each other and are mounted in a bumper of a car, said first plate electrode confronting an object to be detected and including at least spaced apart first and second sub-plate electrodes each being parallel to and confronting said second plate electrode; an oscillation circuit and a tuning circuit respectively connected to said first and second sub-plate electrodes; a detector which detects a high-frequency output generated from said tuning circuit caused by a high-frequency current flowing in said oscillation circuit; and a means for detecting an obstacle according to a change of the high-frequency output.
9. An electronic car bumper as claimed in claim 8, further including:a reference circuit having a reference capacitance; first switches connecting said second sub-plate electrode and said reference circuit to said tuning circuit; direct current amplifiers adjusting the output of said reference circuit to a reference voltage set at a point zero and inputting outputs corresponding to said second sub-plate electrodes from said detector through second switches; comparators for comparing respective outputs from said direct current amplifiers with the reference voltage so as to detect an obstacle; and a synchronous means for switching said first and second switches in synchronization.
10. An electronic car bumper as claimed in claim 9, further comprising a voltage follower connected between said detector and said second switches and a smoothing circuit connected at output portions of said second switches.
11. An electronic car bumper as claimed in claim 10, wherein said first and second switches are analog switches and said synchronous means is a ring counter.
12. An electronic car bumper as claimed in claim 8, wherein said second sub-plate electrode connected to said tuning circuit is formed by at least two spaced apart plate electrodes.
13. An electronic car bumper employing a high-frequency proximity switch, which comprises:a main sensor portion having sensing plates composed of parallel plate electrodes directed toward an object sensing area; and a sub-sensor portion having sensing plates composed of parallel electrodes directed either vertically downward or obliquely downward relative to the object sensing area; wherein said main sensor portion and said sub-sensor portion are arranged such that a part of a ground surface within a sensitivity distribution range of said main sensor portion is included within a sensitivity distribution range of said sub-sensor portion after movement of said electronic car bumper along the ground surface so as to remove, from a detection signal obtained from an oscillation output of said main sensor portion, noise caused by unevenness of the ground surface and obtained from an oscillation output of said sub-sensor portion.
14. An electronic car bumper employing a high-frequency proximity switch, which comprises:a main sensor portion having sensing plates composed of parallel electrodes directed toward an object sensing area and being mounted in a car bumper; a sub-sensor portion having sensing plates composed of parallel electrodes directed either vertically downward or obliquely downward relative to the object sensing area and being mounted in the car bumper; a first oscillator connected to said main sensor portion; a second oscillator connected to said sub-sensor portion; a first detector for detecting an output of said first oscillator; a second detector for detecting an output of said second oscillator; a first automatic resetting-type amplifier for amplifying an output of said first detector; a second automatic resetting-type amplifier for amplifying an output of said second detector; a first comparator outputting a detection signal by comparing the output from said first automatic resetting-type amplifier with a first reference signal; and a second comparator outputting a reset pulse by comparing the output from said second automatic resetting-type amplifier with a second reference signal so as to input the reset pulse to said first automatic resetting-type amplifier..
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sn89053204_1923-06-23_1_8_1 | US-PD-Newspapers | Public Domain | PAGE EIGHT CRACKERSLOSETO VOLS 3-2 IN FAST GIF AT ATLANTA A Double, Base on Balls and Two Singles in Second Give Game to Nashville BEARS WIN UPHILL GAME Walter Stewart Beats Logan Drake in Pitchers Duel at Birmingham Park ATLANTA, June 23 —Davis had th< better of Neihaas in a piten e-.s’ outtlc hire Friday and Nash-{ viile wn the first game of a two-j g.n'C series, ;» t; game .cries, 3 to 0. Th? Vols did all their scaring in ‘he s mi inni. g >r. a i<’ub!e, base I on Lail ail two similes. Murray, MoHae's and Benisci: pulled three double olav'. Score by innings:. Nashville 030 000 000—3 Atlanta . .. 000 000 000—0 Batteries: Davis and I.aley; Nie haus, Brady and Miller, Brock. Chicks Lose. , NEW ORLEANS, June 23—New Orleans bunched hits off Mitchell in the fourth inning of Friday’s game and defeated Memphis, 6 to 4. Rain stopped the game in the first half of the -seventh inning. Score by innings: Memphis 200 110 —4 New Orleans ..100 500 —6 (Called, rain.) Eateries: Bird, Mitchell and La pan; Winn and Mitz. Bea r s Win Uphill Game. MOBILE, June 23.—Mobile de feated Little Rock Friday, 8 to 7, in an uphill game. The locals i gave the visitors a six-run lead j and then overcame it, winning out , in the eighth inning. Robinson left , the game in the fifth inning and j was succeeded by Graham. Acosta < was knocked out of the box in the third, James relieving him and re tiring in the ninth for a pinch hit ter. Score by innings: Little Rock 105 001 000—7 ’ Mobile ...... 003 012 02x—8 1 Bateries: Robinson, Graham and Neiderkorn; Acosta, Janies, Fulton 1 and Heving. 1 :— ( Lookout Blanked I I BIRMINGHAM, June 23.—Wai- 1 ter Stewiirt beat Logan Drake in a pitchers’ duel Friday afternoon * the Barons winning 1 to 0. In 1 the pinches ihe T.do’kout batters could not hit Stewart. They had a ( L. T. TURNER, Electrical Contractor House Wiring, Etc., at Reduced Rates Month of May. Estimates Cheerfully Furnished 118 Windsor Avenue Phone 809 j^ahßUJOXi»Jiiu^ftuahbJMaMWhJMMWaM^—fin flwinnr ■ a.—fl—— STUDEBAKER BIG-SIX .-— —— xS« TOURING CAR I sl7s ° 7 T I I You Can Buy More Weight — I But You Won’t Find a Better Car In the Studebaker Big-Six you get Equipment is complete, even to an ex all the performance, all the comfort, tra wheel with tire, tube and tire cover, and all the dependability that any car Its ‘ low ice . g due to large volume I can give—at a price that smaller pro- and to the fact that Studeb aker over- | ducers cannot even approach. . head is shared by three mode ls-all I The Big-Six Touring is a seven-pas- sbtes> Then, too, only one manufac- senger car with a seven-passenger turing profit is included in the Big-Six motor and seven-passenger dimensions pr i ce because all vital parts are manu throughout. It distinctly is not a seven- factored in Studebaker plants. I passenger body mounted on a five- , , 1 cassencer chassis If y° u spend mOre than the Blg ’ S,X I P E ’ ' price you can buy more weight and I . ..? he Wlll * ake . the . stee P es * bulkiness and pay more for overhead hills on high. It will maintain a high and ration , but you win not get a { rate of speed over long stretches hour better automobile. after hour. No car provides more rest- ful riding—none is easier to operate. Studebaker has been building qual- None is freer from frequent repairs, ity vehicles for 71 years. I Power to climb in high gear any climbable hill Extra diac wheel complete with cord tire, tube and tire cover. Bumpers. Motometer. One-piece, rain-proof windshield, automatic windshield cleaner, and glare-proof Vitor. Rear-view mirror. Alu- ■ tninum-bound running gbjrds with corrugated rubber mats and step pads. Aluminum kick plates. ■ Grip handles on body rails. Snubbers. Cowl lights, courtesy light, tonneau lamp and combination stop-and-taii light. Cowl ventilator. Clock. Thief-proof transmission lock. MODELS AND PRICES-/. o. b. factories I LIAHT-SIX I SPECIAL-SIX BIG-SIX 3-Pa—., nr W. 8.,40 H. P. I 5-Pass., 119' W. 8., 50 H. P. 7-Paas., 126' W. B. t 60 H. P. Touring | 975 'four ingsl27s Touring_ $1750 Roadster(3-Pass.) 975 Roadster (2-Pass.) r 1250 Speedster (S-Paas.)— 1835 Coupe Roadster(2-Pasa.) 1225 Coupe (S-Pass.) 1975 Coupe (5-Pass.) 2550 H Sedanlsso Sedan 2050 Sedan 2750 Terms to Meet Your Convenience STUDEBAKER .<aWj GATEWOOD MOTOR CO. • STUDEBAkER EXCLUSIVELY Ng. Americus. Ga.—Jackson St. ,. T HIS IS A STUDEBAKER YEAR If I msww SALLY LEAGUE Yesterday’s Results. | At Greenville 7; Macon 3. At Columbia 7; Augusta 6 (ten innings.) At Spartanburg 7; Charlotte 2. TEAMS— Won Lost Pct. i Charlotte 42 23 .646 'Spartanburg . 37 27 .578 I Augusta 35 27 .565 Greenville ...... 37 31 .544 Macon ...22 41 .349 ’Columbia 21 45 .318 Today’s Games Macon at Greenville (2 games.) Augusta at Columbia (two i games.) i C v arlotte at Spartanburg (two games.) AMERICAN LEAGUE Yesterday’s Results I At Boston 2, New York 1. At Philadelphia 2; Washington 3. Only two games scheduled. TEAMS— Won Lost Pct. New York 37 21 .638 Philadelphia 32 25 .561 Cleveland 31 26 .544 St. Louis 26 20 .473 Detroit 27 30 .474 Washington 26 31 .456 Chicago 24 29 .453 Boston 21 31 .404 Today’s Games Chicago at Detroit. St. Louis at Cleveland. Washington at Philadelphia. New York at Boston. NATIONAL LEAGUE Yesterday’s Results At New York 9; Boston 5. At Pittsburg 8; Cincinnati 2. At St. Louis 2: Chicago 3. Philadelphia at Brooklyn. • - TEAMS— Won Lost Pct. New York 38 20 .655 Pittsburg 33 £2 .600 Cincinnati 32 24 .571 Chicago 33 28 541 Brooklyn ,28 27 .509 St. Louis 30 29 .508 Boston 19 49 .322 Philadelphia 16 39 .291 man on third with one down in the ninth but Morrow, who hit for Kauger after striking out twice, hit a short fly behind second base which Boebel made a great catch on and held Bates on third. Stew art struck out Wingfield, who hit , for Leonard. Score by innings: Chattanooga 000 000 000—0 Birmingham . 001 000 OOx —11 Battorms: Drake and Nunamak er; W. Stewart and Robertson. FINE FIELDING HELPS MR JOHNSON WIN •CLOSE GAMEAT PHILA. Bunching Two Hits, a Pass and an Error in First Gives Sen aters Two Runs i HOMER TIES UP THE GAME * 1 —’ Errors by Fewster and Quinn Prime Feature in Helping Shawkey Win at Boston > PHILADELPHIA, June 23. Wonderful defense work by his 1 teaanmates enabled Walter Johnson, the Washington hurler, to annex a close victory over “Slim” Harris, of Philadelphia Friday, 3 to'2. Bunching two hits, a pass and an error in the first inning gave the Senators two runs and then after Perkins had tied the score witr a home run, the visitors put over th winning tally in the seventh on two hits and a sacrifice bunt. Washington 200 000 100—3 Philadelphia 001 001 000—2 • —■ ~ Errors Lose to Yanks BOSTON, June 23.—Errors iby Fewster and Quinn were prime fac tors in helping Shawkey pitch New York to a 4 to 2 victory over Bos ton Friday. Boston’s two runs xyere the result of Flagstea I’s hom er over the left field fence in the seventh after Harris had opened with a double- DANIEL SUCCEEDS CROXTON CORDELE, June 23.—A. D. Daniel has succeeded W. W. Crox ton as passenger traffic manager of the Atlanta, Birmingham & At lantic railroad with headquarters here. Today’s Games Boston at New York. Cincinnati at Pittsburg. Chicago at St. Louis. Only, three games scheduled. SOUTHERN ASSSOCIATION '"esterday’s Results. At Atlanta 0; Nashville 3. At Mobile 8; Little 7. At Birmingham 1; Chattanoo ga 0. At New Orleans 6; Memphis 4. TEAM Won Lost Pct. ; New Orleans 37 22 .627 Atlanta 34 26 .567 Nashville 34 29 .540 Mobile 30 26 .536 i Memphis 27 29 ..482 Birmingham ...... ......27 32 .458 Chattanooga 26 31 .456 Little 18 38 .321 Today’s Gajues. Nashville at Atlanta. Chattanooga at Birmingham (2 games.) Little Rock at Mobile. Memphis at New Orleans. r THE AMERICUS TIMES-RECORDER ’ iIESiW i Tnn i . JU L J O bNs) ■ IbN’Wa 4 | The opponent plays to the green with a long backspin mashie stroke. It is understood that the backspin stroke will collect a bit of soil , when landing right on a soggy - green. The opponent, on reach ing the ball, finds the mud hang- • ing to it. He picks it up careful- ' ly and cleans it off, replaces it with the same care, and proceeds with the putt. Is the ball, when . so covered with soil, considered 5 unplayable? ] Mud on the ball is not consider ’ ed to make it unfit for play. Ur? • you clean the mud from the you lose role in match play and in i medal play you are disqualified, > except under special section of lo-. . cal rules by committees in charge. , U. S. G. A. The flag is off center on the green. The opponent’s ball lies within 10 feet of the pin on the , ; edge of the green. The player’s ] ; ball lies about 15 feet from the cup. ■ Mho shall take the honor in put ting? , . When two balls are on the put- ■ . Dug green, the one nearest the , hole putts first. As in the case above, the ball on the edge is not i . on the green, even though it is nearer. Such a shot would still , be considered an approach and the I player on the green should wait SHFROEL WEAKENED in EIGHTH. LOSING 3-2, IT SI. LOUIS FRIDAY ST. LOUIS, June 23.—Sherdel 1 weakened in the eighth inning Fri- < day and Chicago won from’ St. Louis, 3 to 2. It was St. Louis’ iitth straight defeat. Vogel was hit by a pitched ball and forced Grantham across the pjate with 1 the winning run. Chicago ioo 000 020—3 < st - Louis 000 020 000 2 1 Pirates Defeat Reds. i PITTSBURG, June 23.—Cincin- J cinnati used four pitchers Friday in < an unsuccessful attempt to defeat. Pittsburg. The score was Bto 2 s Meadows pitched effectively and also got three hits in as m|ny trips ( to the plate. Donohue was forced < to retire in the first inning after he was injured by a hot liner from - Bigbee s bat. Cincinnati 000 000 200—2 Pittsburg 140 200 Olx—B Scott Back in Game. NEW YORK, June 23. The New York Nationals returned home irom a long trip and won an easy vietori- Friday from the Boston club, by a score of 9 to 5. Jack Scott started his first game fdr New York since May 19, when he had a band broken with a batted ball, and pitched a fair game. Boston .. 000 022 001 5 New York 320 310 00*—9 THE STANDARD Our Big Monday and Tuesday Bargain Sale Will Attract Hundreds of Shoppers. A Close Out of 2GO Brassieres Lot No. I—lncludes many styles of brassieres, made of standard ma terials, all regular sizes, Monday and Tuesday .... 2 Sc Lot 1 in extra sizes at 35c. Lot No. 2—Brassieres of pink brocaded sateen, well made, tyill sell on sight; Monday and Tues day- - 50 c Lot No. 3—Brassieres of pink brocaded sateen, new models, ey cry regular size, Monday and Tuesday 35c Lot No. 4—Beautiful satin bras sieres, made of fine materials; all sizes; Monday and Tuesday .... 98c 1,000 Yards Best Standard Percales qt 19c Gold Seal brand, none better made for the price; full yard wide and guaranteed fast colors; light or dark patterns; Monday and Tues day, yard 19c Regular 25c Standard Gingham at 19c Right in the face of an advancing market we offer this big lot -f Standard dress gingham for less than mill prices, but we have them on hand; they were bought some tinie ago and still show us a small profit at 19c, so we will sell them for two days, only, yard 19c Genuine Duplex Window Shades at 75c Limit, six to one buyer at the price; guaranteed the best quality duplex mounted on the best Harts horn rollers; price complete with all the necessary fixtures, Monday and Tuesday only 75c A Sale of Women’s Low Shoes at $1.98 This is a wonderful lot of shoes for the price, in almost every want ed style; brown or black, plain white ’ or sport styles; nothing shoddy in I the offering; just come and see for yourself; you will purchase; Monday || and Tuesday, choice of any size j at .'... 98e Lot of Genuine Pequot Unbleached Sheeting at 49c Factory ends of 2 1-2 to 20 yard pieces, full width for large double beds; the quality is the-best to be i had at almost any price; it looks ; like Linen when washed. This price : is for Monday and Tuesday only j . and will be withdrawn Tuesday evening at 6 o’clock. Standard Dry Goods Company Forsyth Street, Next to Bank of. Commerce, Americus, Ga. MARQUARD’S SINGLE IN lITH WINS WINNING AFFAIR AT COLUMBIA Yeargin, Pinch Hitting for Sur ratt in Eighth, Drives in Two Runs at Greenville KING PROVES INVINCIBLE Mike Kelly’s Right-Handed Ace Holds Spartan Batsmen to Four Scattered Hits COLUMBIA, June 23.—Colum bia made, it two straight fropi Au gusta Friday by winning the sec ond 1 game of the series, 7 to 6, in ten innings. The home team ral lied in the ninth inning to score the two runs that tied the score, and a pass to Tutwiller and Mar quardts single \deqided the game in the extra innings. Meeker and Middleton, pinch hitters in the ninth both got on the Ibases, Meek er by hitting and Middleton when he drew a pass. Both scored. Tut- , wilier was purposely passed ip the ' ninth and tenth innings to fill the bases, and each time Marquard singled. Score by innings: Augusta 102 120 000 o—6 Columbia 000 400 002 I—7 Pinch Hitting Wing. GREENVILLE, June 23.—Year gin, pinch hitting for Surratt in the eighth inning here Friday, parked the ball and drove in two men in front of him, breaking a tie and putting Greenville three runs ahead of Macon, which, with an additional counter in the same inning, gave the Spinners the sec ond game of the series, 7. to 3. It was Macon’s fifth consecutive de feat. Score by innings: Macon ...... 001 100 010—3 Greenville 101 001 04x—7 King Invincible. ( SPARTANBURG, June 23. Stanley King, Mike Kelly’s right handed ace, held Charlotte to four scattered hits Friday afternoon and the Spartans took the second I straight from the pace-setters by the count' of 7 to 2. The heavy slugging of the Bees was stilled in i tevery direction with the exception 1 of Ben Paschal, who secured two 1 singles of his club’t four. Score by innings: Charlottq ..(... .. 110 000 000—2 J Spartanburg 021 000 22x—7 1 —i - , mF ,t“ ■ V ■■ ± : I ANSLEY’S Americus, Ga. * ; * 300 D— NEW5....... for .......MEN ’ the LAST 6 DAYS S? JUNE JUST TO SWELL THE CASH PILE FOR THE MONTH... We Offer TWO PIECE Tropical CLOTHING Fine Tropical Worsteds | fine Hot Season Worsteds , $2230 VALUES AT sl6 75 | $25 VALUES AT s2l For Last Six Days in June For Last Six Days in June Wilson Bros. Wilson Bros. Fine Check Extra Quality Tropicals Web Check Union Suits Union Suits (DJI 00 S3O VALUES $24.75 O o MP 1 • Suit For Last Six Days in June Suit EXTRA .....STRAW HAT SELLING $3.00 $3.50 $4, 00 $5.00 VALUES VALUES qjj VALUES VALUES $2.25 $2.75 One $2.95 $3.75 C - THE LAST SIX DAYS IN JUNE -- AT Y • ■'• > ■’V J ‘‘ Where ANSL EY ’ Q ** A THE BEST IS SOLD Wilson Bros, Shirts \ HURRAH!—BOOST AMERICUS’ BASEBALL TO THE LIMIT * j! ' ’ \ SATURDAY AFTERNOON, JUNE 23, 1923 ARLINGTON LOSES IN FIRST GIF AGAINST FAST DAWSON BUNCH| “Uncle Bob’s” Aggregation Is Given Sound Drubbing, 10-4 in Comedy of Errors ALBANY USES 3 PITCHERS Royal, Owens and Bell Work in Game Lost to Bainbridge by Score of 10 to 4 DAWSON, June 23.—The Arling ton ball club, better known in these regions as Uriclc-Aob’s aggregation of ball players/upoh its first visit to Dawson, Friday afternoon met defeat at the hands of the fast Dawson organization by a score of 10 to 4 in a game by no means void of errors by both clubs. Each team had about a half dozen of the ill plays chalked against it. Sullivan, who performed the mound work for the locals, was in great form, but loosened up some what in the latter 1 portion of the battle, feeling that his aggrc-gStion had a safe lead. Score by innings: Arlingtoi 001 002 001— 4 Dawson 030 010 2x* —10 Albany Uses 3 Pitchers ALBANY, June 23.—Bainbridge batted three pitchers hard Friday and won from Albany, 10 to 4. Royals, an Albany high school pitcher, started' on the mound for Albany but was relieved in the first by Owens after three runs ftad been socred. One run was scored on Owens in the same innings, forced in by a base on balls. Later Bell reliev ed Owens, when Bainbridge con tinued to score, and Bell fared but little better. The two teams play here again today. Score Iby innings: Bainbridge 400 300 300—10 Albany 003 000 100— 4 CAPTURED CANNON NOW ANNOYING WAR DEPT. WASHINGTON, June 23.—Fail ure of the last Congress to enact bills sponsored by the American Legion for the distribution of cap tured and surrendered war troph ies is causing embarrassment to the War Department because of the space required for, the mater ial, according to John. Thomas Taylor, vice-chairman ofSthe. le gion’s national legislative, cpnimiti? tee. The army is storing three niil . lion cannons, rifles, machine guns ! and other fighting equipment of . the enemy. Under the legion bill i which congress failed to enact, the i cost of distribution of these I trophies to the forty-eight states i and the District of Columbia, ■ would be $250,000. 13,000 POULTRY SOLD DOERUN, June 23.—More than 13,000 pounds of poultry were handled here in the Board of I Trade cooperative sale. , - OF INDIGESTION The Disease That Strikes Lightning " Beware of indigestion—the dis ease that kills more people and kills them quicker than any other. This warning, by physicians, is ticularly applicable this season of the year, when your system “lets down” in tone and vigor with the first approach of warm weather. What are the warnings that na ture gives vou of the approach of indigestion? The medical' books tell us: 1. Gas, which means that your food is fermenting instead of di gesting. 2. A feeling of fullness or oppression in the region of the stom ach after eating. This means that the gas has ballooned your stom ach and is pressing up against your heart and lungs. 3. A dull, lazy, feeling, which means that you are not getting the. nourishment from what you are eating. 4. Restlessness, unrefreshing sleep, which means that the poisons of indigestion are disturbing your brain and nerves. 5. Sometimes, pain and fluttering around the heart, though this symp tom jnay com later. Don’t take chances with indiges tion*—you are too apt to lose. If you have had any of the symptoms men- 1 tioned above, get your digestive organs to work at once with Dan- Nax, the greatest prescription that was ever written for a digestive tonic. Dan-Nax immediatelv aids and assists every one of your digest ive organs, including the stomach, liver and bo els. Dan-Nax makes your digestion “perfect and com plete.” You feel its helpful effect from the verv first dose. Get a bot tle of Dan-Nax today at any drug store. Dan-Nax is so much superior to any other remedy for indigestion that the manufacturers have in structed every druggist to refund the price if you do not get relief! so it costs you nothing if you are' not Relighted with results. Delay, I’might1 ’might he wapgerous, get Dan-Nax’ today.—Advertisement. ■. |
US-1041408-A_2 | USPTO | Public Domain | For example, since each of computer systems 22 may be a conventional computer system, controller application 38 and load/update application 34 may be hosted on any one of computer systems 22, instead of on a separate computer system 24, as described above.
In another embodiment of the invention, instead of one load/update application 34 instance servicing inserts and updates of records at one database system as described above, (i.e. one operable instance of load/update application 34 per database system 1-6), an instance of a load/update application 34 operating at one of database systems 1-6, may instead be responsible for servicing a specific set of logical partitions across database system 10. That is, using the above example, one instance of load/update application 34 (e.g. operating at database system 1) may, for example, be responsible for servicing all instances of Partition 3 across database system 10. In this embodiment, when an insert or update request to Partition 3 is received by the load/update application 34, it may be responsible for inserting and updating records in all instances of Partition 3 (i.e. copies of Partition 3 at its local database system 1 and copies of Partition 3 at remote database systems 2, 3, 4 and 5). Load/update application 34, may update remote instances of Partition 3 by, for example, calling the relevant database applications 26 at the remote database systems. To minimize concurrency issues, each load/update application 34 may only modify the state(s) of the partition(s) under its responsibility.
In yet another embodiment of the invention, only one instance of load/update application 34 (the “master load/updater”) may be operable across database system 10. In this alternate embodiment of system 10, controller application 38 may not propagate insert/update requests to other database systems (S1012, S1312), but the master load/updater may instead directly invoke the appropriate database application 26 at the relevant database system(s). Thus, the operations depicted in flow diagrams 1100 and 1400 would not be required.
In yet another embodiment of the invention, only one copy of the system state table may be maintained in database system 10, for example, at one of computer systems 22 or 24. In this embodiment, it may be desirable that there be only one operable instance of load/update application 34 (the “master load/updater”) across database system 10 so as to minimize concurrency control difficuies, as detailed above. In this embodiment, changes to the system state table by load/update application 34 would not need to be propagated (i.e. steps S1006A, S1104A, S1306A and S1404A would not be needed) since only one copy of the system state table is maintained.
Conveniently, in all embodiments, should the computer system hosting the operable instances of applications 38 and 34 malfunction, another copy of applications 38 and 34 hosted on another computer system 22 or 24 in the database system may take over as the operable instance(s). It may be appreciated that this duplication increases the fault tolerance of each of database systems 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 and of database system 10 as a whole.
Of course, the above-described embodiments are intended to be illustrative only and in no way limiting. The described embodiments of carrying out the invention are susceptible to many modifications of form, arrangement of parts, details and order of operation. The invention, rather, is intended to encompass all such modification within its scope, as defined by the claims.
1. A distributed replicated database system storing a database having a plurality of records, said database system comprising: a plurality of federated database systems each storing a complete copy of said database, each federated database system comprising at least one server with said at least one server divided into at least one logical partition, said at least one logical partition containing records in said database and all logical partitions at a federated database system cumulatively storing all records in said database; and a computing device hosting an application for updating said distributed replicated database system, said computing device in communication with a computer readable medium storing a data structure, said data structure containing an indicator for each logical partition in each of said federated database systems of said database system, each indicator indicating whether records in a given logical partition are up-to-date.
2. The distributed replicated database system of claim 1, wherein one of said plurality of federated database systems comprises said computer readable medium.
3. The distributed replicated database system of claim 1, wherein a copy of said data structure is stored at each of said plurality of federated database systems and updates to a data structure at one of said plurality of federated database systems are propagated to other copies of said data structure.
4. The distributed replicated database system of claim 1, wherein each of said at least one server hosts a database management system.
5. The distributed replicated database system of claim 1, wherein said plurality of said federated database systems are interconnected by a computer communications network.
6. The distributed replicated database system of claim 1, wherein said data structure contains an association between said at least one logical partition and said at least one server.
7. The distributed replicated database system of claim 1, wherein said data structure contains an indicator of the records of said database that are contained in each of said at least one logical partition.
8. A method of updating a record in a distributed replicated database system storing a database having a plurality of records, said database system comprising a plurality of federated database systems each storing a complete copy of said database, each federated database system comprising at least one server with said at least one server divided into at least one logical partition, said at least one logical partition containing records in said database and all logical partitions at a federated database system cumulatively storing all records in said database, and a computing device hosting an application for updating said distributed replicated database system, said computing device in communication with a computer readable medium storing a data structure, said data structure containing an indicator for each logical partition in said database system, each indicator indicating whether records in a given logical partition are up-to-date, wherein said method comprises: receiving an instruction to update a record; identifying from said data structure all logical partitions in said replicated database system storing said record; and modifying said data structure to indicate that said all logical partitions storing said record are not up-to-date.
9. The method of claim 8, further comprising: updating said record at a first federated database system; and modifying said data structure to indicate that the logical partition at said first federated database system storing said record is up-to-date.
10. The method of claim 9, further comprising: updating said record at all other logical partitions that are not up-to-date; and modifying said data structure to indicate that all other logical partitions storing said record are up-to-date.
11. The method of claim 8, wherein a copy of said data structure is stored at each of said plurality of federated database systems, and wherein said modifying said data structure further comprises propagating said modification to said data structure to all copies of said data structure.
12. The method of claim 9, wherein a copy of said data structure is stored at each of said plurality of federated database systems, and wherein said modifying said data structure further comprises propagating said modification to said data structure to all copies of said data structure.
13. The method of claim 10, wherein a copy of said data structure is stored at each of said plurality of federated database systems, and wherein said modifying said data structure further comprises propagating said modification to said data structure to all copies of said data structure.
14. The method of claim 10, wherein said updating said record at all other logical partitions that are not up-to-date comprises sending an update request to the federated database systems hosting said not-up-to-date partitions.
15. A method of reading a record in a distributed replicated database system storing a database having a plurality of records, said database system having a plurality of federated database systems storing a complete copy of said database, each federated database system comprising at least one server with said at least one server divided into at least one logical partition, said at least one logical partition containing records in said database and all logical partitions at a federated database system cumulatively storing all records in said database, and a computing device hosting an application for updating said distributed replicated database system, said computing device in communication with a computer readable medium storing a data structure, said data structure containing an indicator for each logical partition in said database system, each indicator indicating whether records in a given logical partition are up-to-date, wherein said method comprises: at a first federated database system, receiving an instruction to read a record; identifying from said data structure an up-to-date logical partition storing said record; and reading said record from a server storing said up-to-date logical partition.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein where said up-to-date logical partition storing said record is not located at said first federated database system, said reading said record comprises sending a read request to the federated database system hosting said up-to-date logical partition.
17. A method of inserting a record into a distributed replicated database system storing a database having a plurality of records, said database system comprising a plurality of federated database systems each storing a complete copy of said database, each federated database system comprising at least one server with said at least one server divided into at least one logical partition, said at least one logical partition containing records in said database and all logical partitions at a federated database system cumulatively storing all records in said database, and a computing device hosting an application for updating said distributed replicated database system, said computing device in communication with a computer readable medium storing a data structure, said data structure containing an indicator for each logical partition in said database system, each indicator indicating whether records in a given logical partition are up-to-date, wherein said method comprises: receiving an instruction to insert a record; identifying all logical partitions in said replicated database system into which said record is to be inserted; and modifying said data structure to indicate that said all logical partitions into which said record is to be inserted are not up-to-date.
18. The method of claim 17, further comprising: inserting said record at a first federated database system; and modifying said data structure to indicate that the logical partition at said first federated database system into which said record was inserted is up-to-date.
19. The method of claim 18, further comprising: inserting said record at all other logical partitions that are not up-to-date; and modifying said data structure to indicate that all other logical partitions into which said record were inserted are up-to-date.
20. The method of claim 17, wherein a copy of said data structure is stored at each of said plurality of federated database systems, and wherein said modifying said data structure further comprises propagating said modification to said data structure to all copies of said data structure.
21. The method of claim 18, wherein a copy of said data structure is stored at each of said plurality of federated database systems, and wherein said modifying said data structure further comprises propagating said modification to said data structure to all copies of said data structure.
22. The method of claim 19, wherein a copy of said data structure is stored at each of said plurality of federated database systems, and wherein said modifying said data structure further comprises propagating said modification to said data structure to all copies of said data structure.
23. The method of claim 19, wherein said inserting said record at all other logical partitions that are not up-to-date comprises sending an insert request to the federated database systems hosting said not-up-to-date partitions.
24. Computer readable medium storing processor executable instructions that when loaded at a computing device comprising a processor, cause said computing device to perform the method of claim
1. 25. Computer readable medium storing processor executable instructions that when loaded at a computing device comprising a processor, cause said computing device to perform the method of claim
8. 26. Computer readable medium storing processor executable instructions that when loaded at a computing device comprising a processor, cause said computing device to perform the method of claim
15. 27. Computer readable medium storing processor executable instructions that when loaded at a computing device comprising a processor, cause said computing device to perform the method of claim
17..
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sn84031081_1912-04-02_1_4_1 | US-PD-Newspapers | Public Domain | ? 5. THE ALBUQUERQUE MORNING 10URNAL TUESDAY, APRIL 2, 1912 t : Garsaparilla Will purify your blood, clear your complexion, restore your appetite, relieve your tired feel ing;, build you up. xc sure 10 take it Wis spring. , Oet It todar la uoual liquid form or tablet railed Saraalaba. 108 tosa it. Goiiissioies of No More Wild Animal Bounty to be Paid for a While; Claimed ' Hunters Bring Skins from Other Counties Here, 1 tecs use they 11e Hint hunter hr make a business of killing wild animal for the bounty arc bringing all their aklna in Hernalllln county for payment of the biiunty, Hits being on of the few counties which hn nny appreciable amount In the bounty fund, the commissioner at their ton yesterday agreed that no mora bounty should ba puld ?'r while, , -Several fk ,of ih't rankest aorj Viava been attertiirti'tt ri'ntly nnd only the watchful earr of oha of the com mlssloner prevented tha payment of Wolf bounty on aeveral coyote akin a few day g. -The ommlsaloncr are ,-tattlng tired of thla aurt of thing, and while of course they will not re- fuae to ay the legal bounty mi akin of anlmaht killed tit Kerniillllo rnun y. Ihy propoaa to exercise consider, a bio discretion tn determining what animal are HI Unit In their jurisdic tion before paying bounty. A few dava ago, a man brought In the aklna of fourteen eoyotea, five wols fa, and four wllil cata. Now 'oy only bring 12 apiece for. their ex termination, whlla wnlve brlnit I2H. The man hart cleverly attached ahlt fur to the talla of tha five coynlc aklna alleged to ba wolf pells, and flalm4 thai thl whlta fur allowed they wera wolf fielhv A quick Jerk brought tha fur off find revealed tha attempted swindle, Notwithstanding this fa-t, however, the man hart tha nnrv to claim ami accept bounty of IS on awh of tha hide ao treated, aa roynta'a gktna. Th eominlsKiuner propose to ba Vary direful about tha payment of tfounly hereaflnr, and will require aomefhlng haaid it man'a mara atata mem that ha killed tha animals for which ha dealrea bounty within the limit of Bernalillo county. ..... , - -- " tllTED IO LIVE III DEilfilLLO BUI : TOOKSAWDOVAL Homesteaders Did Not Desire to Reside in Valencia County, But Were Unable to Take the Land Desired. Tha otb"r day two honiaati-adfru appealed to I'ltt Itura. a local ur. eyor and 'lvll niulni'er. to local tiomeltnnda for them. Xow. It ao happena ihnl out northweat of tint ity, there la a plitie ii.-ie Handoval. Valentin and Iternallllo roumlea t'niiie toKither In a point, and the land ! Ireil by Iheae hiMaimidei a la clnaa to thl xilnt. They nracd Mr. Hoaa to be aure t tin t tie Ki tlivm far euouah nvir the Una to be In JUrniillllu raunt, without any doubt nbnut It, but the land they deajred waa ao located a It) lnr tM'iii tn Handoval county, and there they had to so. However, they were fairly well aatixtled lo gel uut of Valencia rounty. Walcli t ai TritM on Trlul. T'hilndclphia, April 1, Tha (tv armnenl. throutsh rutted Himik IHa ttkt Attorney Thompnon. todav tild tta replication to the nnawer of the Ke)Kti.ne Wutch fnae t'utonii) aalnat ahlrh ihc dciariuiei;t of )u Uvm in prmi-cdim on (be around that It la vl.iUtmn ihe pherniMo anti-truat law The compniiv In III nntvir denied Ihe ch.fK of lbe ipnvriinictit thai It rmitrola u per nt of tha wnl h caae. Iiumoeaii In tha I 'lilted Statca The pox.riitoent aei thai It will pruM or a iiMiution of the llea-d trout CAUSES MUCH DISEASE A't'-a h.nn stomwh Tnmbbn and llm to Uclb'tr Tlii-m. IV noi ntale. i lni1lneiton whi li rnav bd to all aorta ol tli and i om r-llcMlona. An eminent phyal. In once aid thai iau-t -n e per vent of all the Ilia of the human hrii he Ihetr or IB In to a li.i 'i.! h l ur e,. riell. wtih U. Ilt sipep. la Ta Pitta lenda ua p. believe them to ! .n unt ihe moat d.'.iia.ii.e rem dlra fin for th. relief ,.f indli.. lion and chrome dvup-pmi Then In rre1iena are eooihiin mid hclma to tha Ir.flained ntambianea of ihcdtiin- eh. 1he i,re ri h In t'epm, oe ol th frread'vl diaeatlxe Hid known lo medicine. The relief ihry !tnt i ery prompt Their nae lih .eiii. nry anr r aulaniv for a hou lime tenda tn bring inut a ceatun r lha pain jue-t ty a'ooiai b dl rdera. ' iievall Tnp Taideta help In Insure hnl'h apieue, la aid dUea tton. and hu romiia nmritloii. A evidence of .or .laeere tnh In lt- II IarHla Tal.ei, ( ai.( ynn in try them al ..ur riak If the do no' irtva vou entire anf. lion, we will relxrn yo the money you paid ua for th tn. ulioat ,iriU.a r tnnal Ity. 1 hry om in fhrea aiia, price !i -eafa. i ,.in, n,,d :.t. Ilrnum. Ir, y an can wMeia iheiu aly at onr aue I h lU-taii H, The 1. 11. U Jtlel t o COUNTY BEGINTO . EC01JOr.llE ELECTION RETURNS WILLBEGIVEfJ AT ELKS There is No Need to Miss To- night's Fight on Account of the City Races; Great Card Has Been Arranged, ? ' : Of co u rue fhr nenertil public pralty wll Informed of t)i act that thta I r Wet l.n day, and a fair pro portion of tha K. p. will be able to del lie from till fact Hint fonlKht will ba t lei Hon nlKht. Itut election nlulit ur no rlecllon nlnht, thera la aura to ba a bla crowd on hand t the thea tre do Klk- when the clock In Ihe ateeplr atrlkea thirty minute.a after alKht, their aellled purpoae being to determine w ho' la elected na between Colonel HinulildliiK and Colonel Alllch ell, and alao to decide whlrh of four other ctindlriiite for piiKlliatli.' prer ereure la able o grnb off Ihe rnnrty and walk uay wllh It, And be II aald at fhia Juncture thill while. In ihe duvtouH ptiHilme if poll tic ITur be It from ua to refer to It aa a iiume) lha beat nmn not Infre quently net It where Kilty wore tl bond, no auch ncciirreni'e la at all likely to huppen In n yiirenKbury con teat. "rft the people rule," iia poli tical prlnclpla may ahrlve) up at tha corner and ruVe In at (ha middle, but "let the bet man win" ket all Ilia voiea In an affair of honor at the Ne Mexico Athletic club between Iwrj roii- llemen ibmHed with the deal re to knock each other out. Hut lor fear that there mav bWaonW aport of auch a aorry tflit Hi t prefer Immedinle rettirii front "tit election lo a prat-hand aouint at a nrat-clitaa flahl, I'romoter Mnrk Jrf-vv haa nrrnnired thul the return from the city elwtlon ahall he announced between Ihe round aa they re re ceived, ao Hint there will be no reaaon for anybody to ml Iho IlKht In order lo net Ihe election return. If n flneh m thitt that the return don't run one-to-lhree with the crap, Tha prlnrltiiil In the main event lonlliht have been, Ilka Ihe little hiixy bee, Improving each ahlnlnn hour for the Ht week or ten day, working like truck horaea lo get Into the beat poKHlhle condition for their perform- anea tonlKbt. Nolo1y will Imva any X'-ueR yr, offer after the puatlme la concluded, for both men have had ample time in which to train for th vent and both hava trained faith, fully. The man who win will bo able tn ay with perfect aaHtirunca that he I the heat man. and to b the bet man of auch a crap a tha one to- main i to tie tome man. Two lively ciirtaln-nvleer have been arranged. The flrat una will ha an elahl-round affair between Harber Koblnaon and Jark Htewart. Thla la a trl-tly liome-talent aftair both , the hoya beipr willing to ark- nowledge that Altniqiieniue la honie-wvet-home lo them. It ought to he a hummer. Hohlnaon haa been aeen In action once before and allowed nonxid arable elaa, but owing to the fact (hut Ilia opponent on that octamon eiiiphu tlfially denlluuri tn expo any portion of hi anatomy enrept the bark of ht neck upon whlrh rt blow would take affect. It la different to my juat how good the barber la. It I auftlcient. however, that on that occaaloti ha trimmed hi man and it now calling "next." rltawart hug never been aeen In ( Hon hern, bill be beura all the aer mark of being a brut-rate man. He la chuck full or cuntlileiic and haa been working hard for tha moetlnn with Itoliinaon. ThoB who are In tha beat poHition tu know are autlafied that ha will give a good account of blumelf. A a eml-lliiMl, Kid AVIllard of Unl lup, will go on for tltiecn rounda with Kid Wllllnma, of Vernon. Cul., where uie ngniera grow. Wllliird la well re membered In Albuueriue from hl light mini tlmn agu with "Lefty Dn I hat occasion be hud no opportun ity m anow anything but apecil and gumeneiia, bill It will be ntteelcd by all who auw him then that he hud an aiiundiuit ahure of lioth. Thla lime. however, he la tin anglimt an alto gether dlffeieni propoHitiu,, from the one he ruced whan he went anginal l,-fty," William In hIiuurI nee. feet match for him In weight, belulit and rech. tie haa been workltiir here for the laat two week and In In ua tine coiullllon aa a lighter ever attiilna. In hi workout he haa Mliown about everything nmn need In the Quern,- uury giimv-Kpeed, wind cleterneaa and verp rapid eliHIlge of pace. If h. Hhowa anyahere Hear a well In ihe ring a he due In training. Wlllnrd ba ii n awful Job cut out for him. Kildle llreaory hii been aclected to teleree Ihe main bout, and there I eery ri'iinon to believe tht the lioui win lie well referred, tlregory I a niHKier of the ring nime. koow nil lbe tine point and ahould till the pol Hon to Ihe entire wilbfiicilon of both tinhteia end audience. .Never mind the election I... n hand at :30 tonight at Ihe Klk'. In caaea of rheumailxm relief ir.nn pain maker. lcc Knd reel p.Mllde. Thla mav be obtained by Mpplvlng CbambeilMin'ii Liniment. K,.r hle b nil driiggial. ROOSEVELT'S ITINERARY IS FULLY OUTLINED Waahlnglnn AnrH 1. -The Itonaeveli headqiiarieia gave out md.iy Ihe fo. lowing a the lllnerxrv ..f Colonel ltimpn.vt.li trip in KeeliKkr. which begina tiimorroa ' lave New York liinelay. . p. m. Speeehea from Irln W eiliiewlxy morn tng at Minton. W. VM , M elm k nd at Churlealon at 12 o'i bx-k. IJeaeh Ahlnrt. kv . at 1 p. m. i'ollowtng a abort apee. h at Aahland Colonel Knoaevell will ink apivltil 1 1 om. miking ie' at '.Hive Hill. Jlorehea.l Wlncheatrt, Levlngton. Vrankfort Jnd Mhel- tile, reochlnt luiavilir at J , p. m., for a ma meeilng. Help boost Sellers, the boos ter, today by voting for him. Hana llalnrw ltar-rrHl Mnrliax. ri-kana. Wash.. April I. Senator Jo-vph II. tun. in. In a teh-aram re. eelved tcHlay bv ba l oivel o porler. sroeried that ihe delegate Instructed f r Itooaevell. elected la northern and weairrn state up to the re. at time. tiHntimtrre! thoe. Iiiwti uctcd f-r Taft tun la one. I PLAN ADDITION TDlMOTHE RS IW LAW JAIL FOR YOUNG County Cofnmissioners Bgin Consideration of New Build ing for Juvenile Prisonersj'To be Built Soon, -; , ; Although they dlatinctly wlhel It underatood that they were doing It be- cauae of their high moral altitude and for reaaona of mnrullty and hu manity, and not becHUe of recom mendatloiiH made by the grund Jury at thla term or former term, the county co!nmlKloner at their meet ing yeaterday afternoon began conalil erutlon of the erection of a aultitble place for the conllnemenl of youthful offender, where they might be eg reHHted from Ihe older and more hardened criminal. ' The matter wn brought up by Chairman Alfred f Jrunnfeld, who Mat ed hi reaaon for dealiing the otruc ture built to be only thone of human ity and morality. The amount of money now In the Jnll and coiirthouxe fund win nvetlgnted and was round to total only about tHOII, ao it wax decided lo nwait Ihe reception of more fund before carrying out the Idea. It I likely, however, that plan will be drawn and ewtimitte made lit once, a the board hearllly seconded Mr.vOrunafeld'g bleu. At present, even' though the buy and young men nrreated tir confined In different apartment of Hie Jnll from thuae uacd by hardened crlnil nai, they muat be rnnre or lea In conlctwwlth them and the effect la vcrj' dulcterlon, foi-'th boya atnairb knnwp'dgtt of' mattera iniicir tietter kept from! hem. It ha been found In other place that the acgregiitlon of youth and old criminal produce a marked dccreime In criminality.. LUIS GARCIA WINS SILVER MEDAL MenauL School Pupil's Oration on "Some of America's Pro ducts," Secures for Him a Handsome Silver Trophy, A aptendld oration entitled, "Home of AmeHca'a rroducta,1' In wliloh Iho caiieo of temperance wa ' vividly portrayed and ably defended by Lul Oarcln, a bright pupil of the Mcnaul School, won for him the handaome silver medal offered hv the Albnouer qua branch of the- W. C. T. I'., of which Mi. Mollle C. Learning ' I president. The conteat, which participated In bv a number of lioya and girl. wn given at the Klrat rrealiyterlan chureh lit! night, beginning at 7:45 o'clock. The church wag comfortably filled with an audience that thoroughly ap preciated every oration and the long number, and which applauded every contestant. tCapeclnlly prolonged and enthualiiHtlc wa the aPPlauau which greeted Lul Harcbi, when he wa de clared winner of the medal, which wu preaented him by Mr. Leiimlng In a neat apeerh. The aecotid piiie, a book, wa an nounced to be a tie between Miili,ula Murtlneg and Martin Candelnrlu, and the two youthful orator drew lot, young Martlnea aecurlng the prlie. The Judgea of the content were Itnv. Mr. I'uriiian. Mr, IhiuglaH and Mn, siriumiulHt. ' Mr. Learning, who prenbled at the affair, announced that lant night enntewt wa the flrat of a aeriea to be given at Minted interval. The contotanla were pupil of the Menaul and ltlo Orande Inrtuairbil xcbiMila., MunIc by the Mcnuiil School orcheatrn, wa a notnhle feature of the entertainment. The enrneatneKa with which the young HpanlHh-Amerl- cii tin prevented their oriitloinr, relied great credit on their Inittructot i u well a thcinanlve. , t Inline ahoulder In nearly alwaydue to liieiimutlKin of Hie mumica, and uuickly yielda to the free application of Chamberlain l.lnlment. Kor aale by all drugglata. CONDITIONS IN CHINA GETTING BETTER OFFENDERS IN CONTEST jheen allayed and their wound drs N'anklna. Anrll 1. The reiiort fmn'ed. were taken to ihe home of Mr. Pekin thai looting wa being earn.-1 j on .Nanking I without foundiitloe.latt'eet. The city Is ipiiet and the war office) Zamora lay In a dying condition nil reiioris thai nuiei um.i mevuiu at Kimi night, and the t My phvaician. Dr. 8 Chow, une pawnahop waa burned tni' thai limn and one cooli.. killed lb looting by a sma tlneera there was ipil Premier Tans i-ha I. ex-President) Sun Yal Sen and other leader of t he ie,iuouian movement, uiirina in" cmirse of tiitervlewa todav. declared f that pvaainiietlc rciMirts were unwar - ranied. t'neHsinexa In the foreign setileiuent, in shanghai end elsewhere they admitted nntciKl verhaw I l.ut notwlthsisnding the financial dif I ft.-ultl. caused by ihe dea through ' th wtihdraaai of the support "t lha er. He ha t-een a ateady and fnlih lour power group, the, were nulla ' worker, and haa employer kn.iv confident the,-, no actions outbreak would occur anywhere. p- Albuquerque needs a wide awake mayor. Sellers is the man. Vote for him. NO VAUDEVILLE AT ORPHEUM THIS WEEK Tha vaudeville rtnnr, head, by Vanlk and Sebwart, advertlaet ' apK-ar at the orphruin laat night or a week's run. fatted t make ron iikIm'Iii and th engMaenient haa Wa caiii-elled. High c-lssa moving pictures will be shown at all perform ances and tha ndmlMiInn h.a he-rn re duced for Ihe week lo & cent. BACK OF TRAGEDY IT IS CLAIMED Pollowirfg 'Cutting Affray Late Yesterday Afternoon, Hus band Slashes Own Throat and Jumps from Viaduct, According to atntementM made yes terday by Juan Znmora and hla wife. the mother of the couple are reapon- rfible for trouble betwenn them which reached It culmination yesterday af- tarnoon at 6 o'clock, when Zamor atubbed hi wife and her mother, Mr. Juliana Hernandez, and then, luatt- ing hla own throat, ciimuea 10 me top of the highegt truee on the Uonl ave nue viaduct and Jumped to the ground, more than fifty feet below. 1 Zumora la dying ut St. Joaeph'a ho iilirtl, a the reault of hi nnh act. Hla eaophuifitg afld windpipe were com pletely levered, though neither of tha Jugulnrg nor carotid , nrterloa wore touched by hi knife;' hi right arm i broken and he may be Internally injured by hi frightful leap. Hia wife contained a canned cheek, while thut of her mother wa penetrated. They will aiiHtaln nothing more aerloua than a ponaible dlaflguring gear, unlea In fection eta In. A ctirioiia fact is that Zamora atabued both of them In the same place. The trouhlK which catiaed the trag edy wu of long atariding, There ha been friction between the pair for Mine time, each blaming; tho mother of the other, and lately it reached, a rial, when Mr. Zamora left hor hun bunrt and . refugee) to return. s i Thlri vn (Saturday, 1 That day Za mnra reported to the pioneer liakery, where he worked, and aaked for lav of abaence. Then he began to impor tune the pi-lent, who wa hi adviaor, pleading, with hm-for aid In revtor lng peace in hi family. He wna ad viMed, It i aald, to link hia wife to re turn to htm. Meanwhile, Mr, Zumora, confident In the belief ahe would never again live with her huabund, had gone to htm and aaked thut he he given her belonging, clothing, etc., that ahe might live with her mother. Zamoru I "aid tn have refund thl. Mr. Zamora aald yesterday, after the affray, that the trouble had been -auaed by the elder Mr. Zamora, mother of her husband, who had told her aon aeveral thing about hla wife. Zamora, no lonwer ago than one o'clock, yeeterdiiiy laid the blame ,for all hi dontPHHc jrVon hla mo(her-ln-lavy; and threuterm'tfito- kill her "some day," In converaatlon with a friend. He waa given advice not to do ao, but did not make any tpromlaea. t.. Yeaterday moiilfig, Zamora return ed to hla work at the Pioneer bakery. He worked .untlL-a o'clock, when, Hi alleged, hla prlcut -ennie and aummon d him away. What transpired after that, no one een Ji know. However, at B o'clock, or within u fev minute of Unit tlHi. Zauuira waa walking on lbe viaduct' whloli.'apana the nil I road yard ut Coal avenue. He caught up ,ith hla wlfa and hxr mother, who were walking ahead of him and engaged thoin, in conver union, making a cnurleotia salutation. and linking hia wife to return to hi home once , more. " Thl Mr. Zamora declined to do.' " Zamora than aald Boin-thlng, ac count of which differ, hut of which the bet aubatantlated tale la, '"Well, then, here' where 1 leave you. Adlog." Then hn drew hla knife and atabbed hia inother-ln-iiiw and hla wlf.r. Ho then turned the blade upon himself, and gashed backward from the pharynx, or Adiim'a apple, In hla throat n fur a lie hud atrcngth to puah the knife. It I believed thut when he found he could not actually ever hi own head from hi body, he remembered the height of the viaduct and pin ti ned to use that for hia de struction. , Hleedlng n he waa, with the pharynx protruding from the gnping wound in hia throat, he climbed the hinting itrlnger that form tb i end of the hlKheat truaa of the structure. and dived lo the ground billow. Most f hia WelKht wa taken on hla right arm, In the crush, causing ' it to lit iHitlly fractured. He lav on the ground In the railroad surds until help could be aummnned. The women, erased by fear, horri fied lit the. frightful tragedy enacted under their very eye, and blinded by Idood from their own wound, were unable o proceed anywhere or give any roinpi eh UMvn account of what I.... I r In this condition they were found by Kenneth llaldrldge, of the Hald rldge Lumber company, nnd by him, taken to the office of that concern, un- ler the viaduct and a block from the scene of the tragedy. Here medlcnl aid waa Riiinmoiied. anil an ambulance having been called for the Wounded man, he wa tuken to Ht. Joaeph'a ho pitul. The women, after their frlRht had Hernando, in the loot) block, on Kai - nurion, gave it a nt opinion that, 'oh., una killed '""e man wa ooomeu ami mui uc- , a bod ? of m.,-l h hi woimda. although he may j b klv .im.rr. Led I "e tor a day or tw. ii m uppr aaed.i VI. ex-Prraldenti W h-n taken to til hopital. ZarnoM a nwrnni and mimt auc v n-n laaen to tn nospitni. . imor made algn that ha deired s pencil. -.- ..ue n attempted to write, hut only succeed- cd In making ratchet on a pad. t'pl to a late hour last night he waa eop- loo, but not apparently regretful ef hi deed. zamora nn rm employed a a , neier at the baketT lnce l ist sum- r.oiniig or nis uomesuc iroinue unlit h - asked for(teVf f a !. x- last Sat urday, rnev aild that Mra. Zamora had frequently brought Zamor' , lunch to him, even recently, and thst I The republican have also arrsna-thw- had ausiH-eicd no violent tnten-'ed uitahle plana for carrying on their lion on nia part, lie nan never w-em-' ed mor.we or moody, and those with bins he work rj cut the Idea of hi l-elng Inaane, exipt perhara, temo rartlv en. The knife with w hich Ihe ib-ed wa .-ooimltted wa a romtar..ttve1v email aeapon. STENZEL ECZEMA LIQUID A clear, white ttauld for rleanalnc. purifying and heating "V". " "caUf dlnrasea. fiop Itching Inalantly mn rurea reraema raiinrao7. a raw d.ia after nan the llqatrj the dilute. diaeaaa trin t daMppaaar. Prlc II. I Th voting placea are aa follow: ild la Albuiueroua by Alvaradaf Tlrwt ward. Kortwr hwtldinc. cor riarmacy "d Wtiriain Irwg Cn, let ner of Second nrsel aad Tijeraa ave aaywhare by erpraaa Jr rark Cheaa- t oe. leal Cu, Kaa Antoata, Texaa, Second war-t. office of Charlea Come HTHIS is your friend Cross talking. Just got in from Buffalo Got the best line of samples with me this spring I ever had Come into town and take . dinner . with me . tonight and , look em over. , The traveling salesman frequently uses to set in touch with'o&i-of-lowfi customers1. and travel. HEAVY VOTE SURDl TO BE POLLED AT ELECTION TODAY ON EVE OF. CONTEST 1 . ODDS FAVOR 'SELLERS Twenty-Eight Hundred Names on . Registration Books or More Than Were There in November's State Fight, That Alhiifnerciue' (itinen are taking: anything hut a dormnnt inter est In the election for city offlcora which take piu.ee today, la demon strated by the fact thut there are 2,867 names upon the rolls, all of men who will be entitled to todnv signify their choice for city officer and what sort of a civic government they desire for Albiuiuerque. The names are divided as folfowa: First ward, 591; Second ward, fit; Third wurd. SIS; Fourth ward. 954. The books were closed Saturday night, und no more names could be udded after that time. For the week previous. It had been possible for the negligent to place their names upon Ihe roll by appearing before the dlf- terent ward registration board nnd signifying their desire to be register' ed and producing necessary proof of their residence in khe ward and of citizenship in the city and state. Interest hua been of the liveliest .tort. Many people who ordinarily Day mil little attention to so worldly I thing aa an election have become niirtriiru ij mrir ell IV oulies linu have enrolled aa voter for their cum palgn. The churches have taken i great part in urging men of tha claaaea represented by them to attend the election and tn vote for the prin ciple advocated by the Hood Cltl ens' league and the minister of tha city, nil the other hand th Interest of the city, a Intent upon a liusine administration for the city, and re moval of tho flagrant diaplay of vice which I now in progre upon the city' street dally, have been very ac tive In the fight for the proper regu lation of the social evil. The campaign haa been one con ducted In an exceptionally clean man ner. 1 here ha been no printed vili fication of opposition candidate, and -, - ; ' ", -,t"n , PP.non canr Indeed but little al.vce or I clmn of any sort. A n ,,, of ,,,.,, v kp, harsh critl- onsiderabl i,,,ni nt iii.m iiu v,... k ,.,i.. 'ed hich Indicate again that Albu oueroue I rapidly auproai hina ih metropolitan class. xni-i are confident of wiiiiiina today'a flghU The deinocrata have had nuoieroii banners' painted, and these will be displayed III the accus- t om ed fashion, from, the aide and bncka of hack and automobiles b, r- tna rapeitiva voter for their can itidaie to the pull.- A meeting was held by the worker of thl party last night. hen all arrangement as to disposition and numlier of workers were made, 'lection work ami will carry nut a well organised plan in working for ineir raniiiiat. The WK-taliaia have entered the rampalgn with a vengeance and will carry out their usual procedure of work at the polls and advocation of aociattat principles, ahowlna their xrenglh If they are unable to do Tn rare. W. P. Mete If. their mayoralty can didate, la expm led to develop a great deal of airenaih. much more than tha reat of hi ticket, both on account of ha large permal following, aad be lr.ni the uraal Citicena' lregue la an riM,iii ..uiwa i. kk ih. nu, Over and Take Dinner Every Bell Telephone is a Long The Mountain States Telephone Chadwlck, on Weil Gold avenue, be- twe?n Flrat and Second street. Third ward, Dunbar' real estate office, southeast corner of Third treet and Gold avenue. .Fourth ward, Htiiutt wholesale candy atore, Central avenue, between Fifth and Sixth streets, on the north Ide of street, ,n The ticket are aa "f ollowa: ' Heniocratlo, Colonel D. K. ii. Sellers, mayor.' t H. Charle Hoehl, clerk. William Kieke, treasurer. George C Scheer, alderman, Klrat ward. J. A. 'Skinner, alderman, Second ward. Steve B. Coen, ' alderman, Third ward. . ' W. S. Hopwell, alderman, Fourth ward. Republican. P. Hiinrev, mayor. J. B. Newell, clerk. O. A. Mataon, treasurer. W. J. Hyde, uldirinuii. B'irst ward. W. O. Hopping, alderman, Second ward M. L. Schutt, alderman. Third ward. Ivun Grunafeld, alderman, Fourth ward. The poll will open this morning at 0 o'clock, and will remain open until 6 o'clock. The vote, In view of the very henvv realatration. and the great In terest taken in the reault, 1 expected to be remarkably heavy. Several local onterorlse employing great numbers of men will allow their employes time off to vote and every available elec- toral franchise wilt sureiy ue in oig demand by the time the poll close, The flaht nroiTiise to be a close one. , but the general fesllng is that Colonel Seller will have a majority like mat of Governor McDonald, "more than one.". Sellers has told you what he will do for Albuquerque. He is deserving of your ballot. Vote for him today. BATTLE BEGINS OVER ' STATE RAILROAD RATES . Washington Aorll 1. The battle over atute rate for freight and paa aenger buaineaa began today before the aupreme court of the United State. The eighteen Mlwtourl rate caaea were first taken up for consid eration. Time for argument was ex tended until next Thursday. Frank Hagerman, of Kansas City, first addressed the court. He laid the ground W'ork for an extended ar-a-ument that both the manimnm freight rate of Missouri and Its S-cent piiBsenger law meant confisca tion of the property of eighteen rail roads within the state. Tubcrcntosis Medicine Saved This Man's Life I'neiiuienls I a seriiiu dlsesse. and eflei, lay I lie foundation fur chronic pier trmtt;! -poinellnie Tulen-ultHU re- autift. After rtieuiiMiiiiH. or say sct-!"iia or stublMira cold. It 1 wise te tak Kck tann's Atlerrillve. Ikih I malt tu find out whether the trotiliia U getliag wiM-se. but take Kek aisn's AlterniiTe lu tiiae aail avuid lbe d.ugera of dinesce. Bead of Hie revererj In ltd ease. ;t-; No. 41st Ht . Phllsilelpliis. P. ''lienltemen. I .re grtttng aleug very nl9-ly and gaining atrenxili all the tline. I iim'w weik l.'4 pound, a gRia Hin.-e aiieniter !. Itail, pnuiidi more lli.il wlies 1 firm darted to take Hi Alirratite. I ki.b I bail kuusa of It tw yenr fn tt wisild haC a red e UiU'-a aii-ery aad dialreaa. "I wa aitfferiug fmai a very aerlori iiaeeM.-(l lung. wbtcu follnwit a bad alln.g nf pae-immua. My pUyaleiaa aud !. la I l.t deeiarefj Tti T ease a.teleaa. "1 f-anaul but te very tkaiikfnl lu yias and ihe Almigtity tiod fur lbe great lilrming and caaage .if bealtk It kaa bmiiKtit aie " HtrM- riling lbe above staieiexat 1 wiab la say that I bare fnllr re4erea ai bealtb. having beea cured lur aver tiiree years" laigKed Al.UI TBOK. REIi.I.T. t-kn.nn'a Atlerrittre It. rlTeel 1 1 e tu llrea elillia A.lbma. liar fr'ever: 1br.iat and I.Mur l rx.Mi.les. aiel tn uptHitluing the Jraen. Itea aot -Mitla peianna, .,ilnt-a r kl.l fi.nnnig dreg. Afk for I .-no. let ef r.ired -.--. awl -ril to Kekrnaa Ijitwalery. I hilauVlpMa. Pa . f.-r aevra e.t deaa. I or akr bf ail b-mllBg drnggHtta 4 Aevarad Fha-macy and Highland Pharmacy la Albuquarqua. the Bell .Telephone" ( It Uaveshim' time! Distance Station and Telegraph Co. ALABAMA SOLIDLY FOR OSCAR UNDERWOOD Montgomery. Ala., April 1 AU congressmen who had contests in the democratic primary today have re tained their seats and Oscar Under wood has gained practically a aolld delegation to tho state convention, ac cording to returns received here late tonight. Congressman H. P. Hohson, in tha Sixth district, Congressman Dent S. Pufih, in the Second, nnd Congress man W. H. Illchartison, in the Eighth, were nil renominated. Other had no contests. For congressman at large V. B. Atkins and .lohn W. Aber crombie ore running close, and eithei' may win. , ' The most popular bottled beer In all localities where it is sold Ask for a bottle ami Set the reason. Order a case for the home.. atam, geMoa V Co. wtoliull Paalara ; tta-1 IT W.Cns.rvo. . antaawrarauo, N. I ls , - Maloy'si HOMK lt H VXUiS .toe dozen. Kvory Due tiunrantiwl. Itlllk.K SPKIMiS llt'TTKK 3.V lb. . . . Ik-xt llnttcr In Town. last h:k OF I KNT til It llill sK COHI1SII. MKKHM. ! tsI.M IIMI H tKIS 1..M IIOMKlt sisiim:s ,s i;niF. si:is OMtlN SITS U. J. nialoy PHONE 172.. 216 West Central Avenue PS j P3B II - LI I I . U U : . raoat i L.. |
6048717_1 | courtlistener | Public Domain | In an action to recover damages for the wrongful death of plaintiff’s intestate, who was struck by defendant’s train when he was on a trestle at or near" a drawbridge, engaged *797in making repairs to the trestle, the jury rendered a verdict for plaintiff for $50,000. Judgment unanimously affirmed, with costs. Ho opinion. Present — Lewis, P. J., Hagarty, Johnston, Adel and Aldrich, JJ.
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github_open_source_100_8_20065 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | #pragma once
#include <interrupt.h>
#include <processor.h>
void instrument_disable(void);
void instrument_enable(void);
void instrument_print_results(void);
struct instr {
const char *name;
unsigned long long start, end;
};
static inline void __instr_end(struct instr *in)
{
in->end = arch_processor_timestamp();
printk("{instr %s: %lld %lld}\n", in->name, in->start, in->end);
}
#define instr_start(_name) \
struct instr __concat(__instr_, _name) = { \
.start = arch_processor_timestamp(), \
.name = stringify(_name), \
}; defer(__instr_end, & __concat(__instr_, _name));
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github_open_source_100_8_20066 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Set, Tuple
from chainalytic.common import config, zone_manager
from . import api_bundle, collator
class Provider(object):
"""
Properties:
working_dir (str):
zone_id (str):
setting (dict):
chain_registry (dict):
collator (Collator):
api_bundle (ApiBundle):
"""
def __init__(self, working_dir: str, zone_id: str):
super(Provider, self).__init__()
self.working_dir = working_dir
self.zone_id = zone_id
config.set_working_dir(working_dir)
self.setting = config.get_setting(working_dir)
self.chain_registry = config.get_chain_registry(working_dir)
mods = zone_manager.load_zone(self.zone_id, working_dir)['provider']
self.collator = mods['collator'].Collator(working_dir, zone_id)
self.api_bundle = mods['api_bundle'].ApiBundle(working_dir, zone_id)
self.api_bundle.set_collator(self.collator)
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