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This is in part a followup to this question.
I'm not sure the best way to ask this, so I'll try a short story to set the scene:
Once upon a time, there was a class ‘A’, which had a unit test class ‘ATests’ responsible for testing its behaviour through the public interface. They lived happily together for a while and then a change happened, and class ‘B’ came along, which as it turned out had a lot in common with class ‘A’, so a base class was introduced.
The public behaviour of the base class is already covered by the tests for class A. So, the question is what happens next?
• Does class B need to have tests for the common (base class behaviour)? It seems like the behaviour is a part of B, so it should be tested, but should these tests be shared with those for class A? For the base class? If so, what’s the best way to share?
• Does the new base class need unit tests, or is it ok for base classes to be tested through the tests of their children? Does it matter if the base class is abstract?
• Is it enough to ensure that classes A & B derive from the base class and ‘trust’ the unit tests for the base class to test the common behaviour (so the tests don’t need to be replicated in the child classes)? The tests for A & B only need to test they’re new/changed behaviour?
• Am I following totally the wrong approach having approximately one unit test class per real class?
I’ve taken different views at different times and the different approaches can have quite an impact on the ability to refactor the code, time taken to write tests etc. What approaches have people found works best?
share|improve this question
3 Answers 3
up vote 3 down vote accepted
You might look at code coverage tools; they can show you if you're actually testing all of the code. Personally if I have a test covering the base class behavior and I"m not overriding that, I won't test it again. The goal is to have a code change (potentially) break only one test.
Don't feel the need to stick to one unit test class per real class. One unit test class per unique setup fixture is one way, and then there's the whole BDD school...
share|improve this answer
I've never really found code coverage tools to be particularly useful, without expending a lot of effort on them. Knowing that the tests run some code isn't the same as as knowing that the code is tested. – forsvarir Apr 11 '11 at 8:17
If I only have tests for common behaviour in the base class, how do I know 'class A/B' behave like 'base'? Are you saying that I don't really need to know? Do you test that A is derived from base? – forsvarir Apr 11 '11 at 8:24
@forsvarir: Agreed, coverage alone does not guarantee good tests. But if class Base has method X that is covered by tests and class Descendant does not override X, there's no need to re-test Descendant.X. Add tests for the behavior that varies. – TrueWill Apr 11 '11 at 15:23
@TrueWill: I think I largly agree, but the niggle is, what if a requirement comes along that could be made by extending class B, but instead a developer 'fixes' the base class. The behaviour of class A is also changed by the 'fix', which may or may not be right and there's no tests to catch it. – forsvarir Apr 12 '11 at 8:01
@forsvarir: Unit tests do not protect your code from fools. They guide design, check logic, provide a partial safety net for refactoring, verify some class-level behavior, catch some bugs, and provide limited regression tests. This is why you need layers of tests; in particular, end-to-end acceptance tests (which are not unit tests). – TrueWill Apr 12 '11 at 12:56
Personally, given time, I tend to test all three (base and two derived). It shows that you're not inadvertently overriding the base methods and changing their behavior, and your inherited class still provides the expected semantics. If the behavior really doesn't change, then it could be as simple as a copy-paste job, but it provides more complete coverage.
Note the "given time" part, though. If time is an issue (and it always is), testing the base class or the inherited functionality would probably be lower priority. But testing is great inoculation against yourself, and makes you much more confident when refactoring later, so you're only shortchanging yourself, your customers, and/or your maintainers by not doing as complete coverage as you have time for.
However, pawning repetitive things like this off on dedicated testers or a QA team, if you have one, is perfectly acceptable. But buy them a beer sometimes :-) They make you look better!
share|improve this answer
-1, no matter your time constraints, not doing proper unit testing will be more expensive than doing it. – CarlosZ Apr 10 '11 at 23:50
Um, I thought I made that abundantly clear. – Sdaz MacSkibbons Apr 11 '11 at 5:06
Refactoring test code is just as important as refactoring production code. Both should be treated as first class citizens. So if you are extracting public methods to the base class then that should have its own set of tests. If your test cases are designed properly where each tests tests one thing each then the test refactoring should be easy.
If you are extracting protected functionality then probably its it a slightly grey area. If test methods are new to the class then I would expect them to be tested in the derived class simply because they are probably there for the derived class to function properly. Ideally this should be kept to a minimum as the base class functionality becomes less obvious.
The derived classes then will have the remaining public methods tested in their own set of tests.
Again if you change the production code and not the tests then you should incorporate a coverage tool so you feel confident enough your tests are covered enough.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer
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Callum is a doctor working in NHS Lothian and founded You can be a doctor. You can email him at He is from Edinburgh originally and came through Pathways to the Professions who supported him in making his application to medicine. Now he’s trying to help provide that same support for others. | https://youcanbeadoctor.co.uk/callum-cruickshank/ | isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-05
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} | 1,493 | Scythe: living up to the hype
The past month has seen a huge amount of hype surrounding Stonemaier’s newest game, Scythe. I featured photos of it in my article on why high-quality gaming components are so appealing. Board gaming forums and Facebook groups have been seeing a massive number of photos, reviews, trash talk, and all manner of similarly excited posts. Twitter has been abuzz with mentions.
But not nearly as many people have taken the time to lay out just why Scythe is so incredible. I’ve spent a lot of time playing this game, both on Tabletopia and my own kitchen table, and I’ve come to believe that it’s one of the best games I’ve ever played. In fact, I gave it my only 10/10 rating on BoardGameGeek (at least so far). I really believe the hype is warranted.
But at the same time, it is hype, and people get understandably annoyed with it. So I’m going to use this post to lay out exactly why Scythe is making such a big splash, and try to draw some more generally applicable lessons for game designers in the process. Let’s take a look.
Scythe was made by gamers, for gamers
This seems obvious, and not very insightful, but let me take a minute to explain what I mean. When I was unboxing Scythe, it became very clear that the guys at Stonemaier had been annoyed by the things that vex most gamers, and they did their best to address every single one of those issues during the design of the game.
It starts with the box itself. My biggest complaint about Blood Rage, as an example, is that I can never get the box closed. It just seems too small for the game. It’s possible that everything fits in there, but I’ve never been able to make it so. Scythe, on the other hand, easily holds all of the game’s contents, with some room to spare. Getting everything back in the box is easy, because there’s a diagram printed directly on the side of the box showing you how everything fits in (genius!).
The game came with four plastic storage containers for the realistic resources, and even came with extra bags to store everything. Extra bags! It’s extremely convenient, and players will really appreciate it.
In a game with a lot of rules, it can be tough to keep everything straight, and that can significantly slow the game down the first few times you play. Stonemaier obviously didn’t want this to happen to Scythe, so they included some extremely useful quick-reference cards. One of them even gives you recommendations on what to do for your first five turns. Important rules are summarized on another card, and another shows the river-crossing capabilities of each faction. The rules explicitly encourage players to not focus too much on rules, and to just get started playing—which is what a lot of people want to do, but it’s not always feasible. In Scythe, it is, and it’s encouraged.
Scythe is expensive. And as games get more expensive, players are expecting a lot from each game; one of the things that helps to improve the value proposition is the addition of a solo play option. Scythe includes a card-driven artificial intelligence, much like the one included in Viticulture, that lets you play the game solo. It’s surprisingly challenging and deep enough to keep players interested. Obviously it’s still a solo game, and the experience isn’t as rich as playing with other humans, but it lets players get more out of an expensive investment. Another bonus.
Solo play might be driven by card-drawing, but very few other parts of the game are determined by luck. There are no dice and only occasional card drawing. Combat is based on resource expenditure and willingness to commit (as well as a few mind games). Planning, skill, foresight, and reading other players’ actions are rewarded, while luck is significantly downplayed. These are all things that players of medium-to-heavy games appreciate.
Finally, in a surprising touch that shows a huge influence from video games, an achievement sheet is included with the game. Players who get certain types of wins, such as the first win in a year, first win with a specific faction, first win with different player counts, and first win with over $100, get to write their name and the date on the achievement sheet. It adds some lasting bragging points to significant wins, which is something that a lot of other games don’t have. It isn’t needed, but gamers will love it. It’s a perfect example of the nice touches that Stonemaier put on this game.
Balanced gameplay
Of course, if a game is to succeed, it can’t just address the little things that players get annoyed by. It also has to have compelling and balanced gameplay. Because I’m trying to keep the standard “review” elements of this post to a minimum, I won’t spend much time on this, but there are a few important things I should mention.
First, at least as far as I can tell, there’s no inherently dominant strategy. You can focus on upgrading, deploying mechs, building structures, or enlisting recruits in the early game, and depending on other factors, it could be a winning strategy. It depends partly on the combination of faction and player mats you’re dealt, which increases variety between games, too.
There are a lot of ways to accumulate victory points—combat, research, building, completing your objective, and so on—and winning a game can include any of then. You can win without completing your objective just as easily as you can win by amassing power and smashing your opponents.
Similarly, you can be victorious without winning—or even taking part in—combat. Accumulating resources, placing your workers, and developing a solid farming strategy is just as important as being able to win a fight. In most games, it’s significantly more important. Balancing the euro-style accumulation of resources and engine-building with the threat of combat (as the threat is usually more important than the actual combat) is quite a feat, and Stonemaier has pulled it off flawlessly.
A great attention to detail
As you might expect, a game that’s been designed for medium-to-heavy game fans is going to spend a lot of time getting the details right. There are a ton of little touches that are mechanically (and often stylistically) totally unnecessary, but add a lot to the overall experience.
For example, each faction has differently designed meeples. The game would have been just as good with standard meeple designs, like Carcassonne or Lords of Waterdeep. Instead, however, each faction-specific meeple is crafted to—at least very slightly—resemble the characters of the players’ faction.
In the Collector’s Edition, players get to use realistic resources instead of wooden pieces. The food resource looks like a sack of grain, the wood resource looks like a log, the oil resource looks like an oil barrel, and the metal resource is an actual tiny metal bar. They feel great in the hand, serve as phenomenal conversation pieces, and, again, add to the overall experience of the game (as I discussed in my post on high-quality components).
The board itself is gorgeous, with small details to find in every hex, whereas it could have been much more abstract. The Factory cards each have a picture of a retro-futuristic piece of war technology, where they could have had the same image, or a picture of the Factory itself. Each faction’s power dial reflects their overall aesthetic. Each encounter card is an absolute work of art in its own right.
All of these details impress upon the player that the designer, illustrators, and everyone else involved in the creative process put a huge amount of time, effort, and passion into the game. Scythe is a work of art. So much so that Stonemaier has made an art book available that collects Jakub Rozalski’s art into a beautiful hardcover.
A perfect 10
And that artistry is really what sets Scythe apart. All of the things that make it a phenomenal game come down to the fact that the guys at Stonemaier obviously put a tremendous amount of themselves into the game. They’re gamers, and they really took the time to understand what players want—and what they don’t want—and used that to inform the game design.
Creating a game that has high-quality, balanced gameplay and combining that with display-level art that encourages players to tell stories and inhabit a shared world for a few hours is a huge accomplishment, and Scythe nails it. Combine that with the obvious amount of thought that went into making the overall experience better (even with things that seem totally inconsequential), and you have a game that scores a 10.
And lives up the the hype.
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} | 98 | The second you start feeling self-conscious for using Tinder, remember the company you're keeping: Not only is former Miss USA Nana Meriwether on the low-maintenance dating app, but so is Lindsay Lohan. (Okay, so that's not her real profile above, but how different could it really look?)
She Tweeted about stumbling on brother Michael's Tinder account. If he came up for you, would you swipe right just for the hell of it? I might.
Umm, so how has Tinder been working out for you so far, girlfriend?
Yeah, Lindz. Me too.
Follow Anna on Twitter.
What Do You Think? | http://www.cosmopolitan.com/entertainment/celebs/news/a15996/lindsay-lohan-tinder/ | robots: classic
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} | 541 | What is Radon?
Radon is a radioactive gas that cannot be seen, smelled, or tasted. Radon gas comes from the natural decay of uranium in the rocks and soil. Uranium breaks down into radium, and radon is the decay product of radium. Radon is detectable in the outdoor air, and elevated indoor air levels have been found throughout the United States (Radon Occurrence Maps).
What is a picocurie?
Radon gas is measured in picocuries per liter (pCi/L). A curie, which gets its name from Madame Curie, represents the radioactivity associated with one gram of radium. A picocurie is one trillionth of a curie. Finally, a picocurie per liter refers to an amount of radioactivity that emits 2.22 disintegrations per minute in a one-liter volume of air.
When radon escapes into the open air, it is harmless. However, when the gas enters into the living areas of buildings and accumulates (see Radon Entry & Behavior), it becomes a health threat. The decay products of radon can lodge in the lungs and increase the risk of lung cancer. The current airborne radon level at which the EPA recommends action is 4.0 picocuries per liter (pCi/L). Further, the EPA says to consider action if the level is 2 to 4 pCi/L and suggests that every home and workplace be tested for radon gas in the air.
The US surgeon general has warned that radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer in the United States today.
Lung cancer is attributed to prolonged exposure to radon gas. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates radon causes approximately 20,000 lung cancer deaths per year. Other health risks include stomach cancers associated with the ingestion of radon-laden water. See our Radon Links for more risk information.
Radon in Water
Radon concentrations commonly are much higher in water than in air. As a general rule, a measurement of 10,000 pCi/L of radon in well water will contribute 1.0 pCi/L throughout the household air. However, this may vary depending on the amount of water used, the air exchange rate of the building and the proximity of an airborne test to the point of water usage.
Many wells in the United States have been found to contain more then 10,000 pCi/L, and some wells have tested at more than 1,000,000 pCi/L. To help protect us from waterborne radon, the federal government passed the Safe Drinking Water Act Amendment of 1996, mandating the adoption of municipal guidelines. It is believed that the final maximum contaminant level for radon in municipal well water will be between 300 and 4,000 pCi/L. Some current state recommendations for waterborne radon reduction are: Connecticut, 5,000 pCi/L; New Jersey, 2,500 pCi/L; New Hampshire, 2,000 pCi/L. US Radon Management, Inc meets or exceeds all EPA, NEHA, and NRSB protocols for installing radon reduction systems. Every radon reduction system we install meets not only these standards but also all national and local building, electrical and plumbing codes. We offer a variety of airborne radon reduction systems and provide the best solutions for waterborne radon reduction. Property owner safety and optimum radon reduction are our primary concerns.
US Radon Management, Inc
866-723-6664 or 1-800-343-8304
(401) 349-5103
Monroe, Connecticut (PLM 0203633-P1)
Cortland, New York
Lincoln, Nebraska
Harmony, Rhode Island
Cape Cod, Massachusetts | http://www.usradonmanagement.com/whatisradon.php | robots: classic
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} | 756 | He had two goals: restore wetlands and make a profit; he achieved one
George Howard had his own plan to rebuild wetlands that had been lost along Louisiana's coast -- and to make some money while he was at it. His company dredged 1.32 million cubic yards of sediment from the Mississippi River and piled it into the degraded marsh at Jesuit Bend. Then he went into the banking business.
Howard set up a "mitigation bank," accepting payments from companies that sought to destroy wetlands elsewhere in Louisiana. These arrangements, facilitated by the Clean Water Act, are a tool to permit land development in environmentally sensitive areas: The developer - an oil company digging a pipeline canal, for example - is given a permit to destroy wetlands for its project, but in exchange it must buy credits to create wetlands somewhere else.
At Jesuit Bend, Howard's company, Restoration Systems LLC, planned to sell enough credits to cover the costs of the marsh project and turn a profit. But if it was a wetlands success, it also was a financial failure. Howard says he's recouped less than 1 percent of the costs.
Jesuit Bend.png
"This whole project had many things change while it was being built to make it less and less financially attractive to build," Howard said. "What we've been disturbed by is having to compete with mitigation banks that are not providing scientifically sound restoration, but rather minimally compliant vegetative success."
Mitigation banks are potent tools for the private sector, in addition to the government, to shore up Louisiana's fragile coast. In 2016 alone, developers sought permits to destroy 3,700 acres of wetlands in the state for transportation, levee, pipeline and other projects, according to an analysis by the Gulf Restoration Network. That's almost three times the size of City Park in New Orleans.
Yet some mitigation banks are allowed to create wetlands as far as 100 miles from the wetlands that are being destroyed, the Gulf Restoration Network says. And that, say some environmental advocates, is the crux of the issue.
Since 2016, Army Corps of Engineers rules have let mitigation banks that create wetlands inland -- to convert farmland to wetlands, for example -- compete for mitigation credit sales with banks that restore lost wetlands from open water. Disconnected from the greater hydrological system and away from the water, farmland conversions don't cushion the blow of storm surge. And their locations aren't guaranteed to replicate the hydrological benefits of wetlands, such as the ability to filter water pollution.
"What you should get the most credit for is creating something where there was almost no wetland function," said Andrew Nyman, who teaches wetland ecology at Louisiana State University. "You should get more credit the more you enhance the wetland function. ... And that difference isn't being recognized."
Yet flooding farmland to create a wetland is much cheaper than pumping sediment into open water. So an inland mitigation bank that is less expensive to build can sell credits at a lower cost than Howard can.
The corps does not regulate the cost of credits sold by a mitigation bank, only the ecological condition of the property it is converting. "We're required to offset wetland functions and values, and we don't have the ability to consider costs," said Stephen Pfeffer, an environmental resource specialist for the corps' New Orleans District office.
Scott Eustis, a coastal wetland specialist with the Gulf Restoration Network, says the corps should change its rules to place a higher value on rebuilding land. "Mitigation is supposed to replace the ecological values of the impacted area," Eustis said. "But without a precise tool to measure the impacts, the mitigation banks can get away with doing very little."
Change could be in the offing. The Corps of Engineers is evaluating the performance of the mitigation program since the current, temporary rules took effect in February 2016. The agency is expected to release its final rules at the end of July.
Howard, meanwhile, has built 247 acres of marsh on his 338-acre property. If he is unable to sell mitigation credits to recoup his costs, it's unlikely he'll persuade his financial backers to build another restoration site like the one near Jesuit Bend.
On a recent outing to the restored marsh, Howard flew a drone over the site to photograph what his company had built. Even if he didn't make money off it, he said, there is value.
"It's incredibly fulfilling, and it makes it worth the many years of permitting," he said. "Despite the financial challenges, it's very rewarding to know our company has contributed to protecting your coast by restoring wetlands where they need to be." | http://www.nola.com/environment/index.ssf/2017/07/mitigation_banks_jesuit_bend.html | robots: classic
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} | 330 | United Kingdom/ 5.3 Sector specific legislation
5.3.1 Visual and applied arts
Artists in the UK now receive "Artists' Resale Rights" by which they will benefit from a proportion of the profits made when their works are resold. In 1996 the EU Commission proposed and then adopted (in 2001) a Directive that all Member states introduce this right into their domestic laws by 2006. Though generally opposed by UK based auction houses, the UK Parliament eventually legislated to give living artists this right and, by 2012, the right will be given to the estates of artists who have died within the previous 70 years.
When renting or managing studios where artists are working, there are many other regulations apart from the Health and Safety at Work Act (see chapter 5.2) that need to be observed (such as the Building Regulations Act of 1976 and the Fire Precautions Act of 1971) in addition to insurance, leasing and contracting obligations. Many studio complexes will not insure the personal or creative contents of each individual studio, thus this becomes the responsibility of the renting artist. Public Liability insurance is essential when undertaking any workshops or art activities involving members of the public, be it in a community centre, an outdoor park or school. Without insurance cover, if a person becomes injured or equipment is broken, the artist can be held personally accountable.
The Occupiers Liability Act 1957 specifies that the building or construction where art is displayed has the correct insurance cover against fire, theft and flood; that any artworks are insured against theft, loss or damage and that the safety of audiences or visitors is safeguarded. Artists often find they have to take out their own exhibition insurance where owners or administrators of premises do not.
European Union moves to increase VAT on art sales to 5% from 2.5%, have been resisted for years by dealers and collectors in the UK who fear the dominant position in the UK market will be lost.
Chapter published: 15-04-2011
EN | ES | http://worldcp.org/unitedkingdom.php?aid=531 | robots: classic
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Join our community!
Name: Password:
Nara, Tutator
Posted: Feb 5 2013, 01:23 AM
Group: PeaceKeeper
Posts: 1,219
Member No.: 133
Joined: 28-March 08
Character Information:
Name: Nara, Tutator
Alias: soter
-Gender: Male
-Age: 11
-Height: 4'4"
Village: Leaf
The Character
Personality: Tutator is a kid that cares about others than he cares about himself. He never shows off even when he knows he better. He helps people with anything that they need. He will go out of his way to do anything. He is a great animal person and knows how to stay out of trouble.
Strengths: Caring, helping, great fighter and really smart. Never knows when to give up or back down.
Weaknesses: Doesn't care what happens to him, wont tell people what wrong or what he is thinking. Never knows when to give up or back down.
Appearance: user posted image
(back is also covered in scars)
Clothing: mostly t-shirts and shorts. Nothing out of ordinary.
The History
Bio: Tutator was one of 13 children in his family. He was number 8 of the children. One day when he was 9, he was outside with some of his brothers and sisters in the village. Tutator just became a chunin and was excited. He was running around with no care in the world. Doing some running around for his parents. He just got done with the market and started to head home. He was about 30 min away from home when he heard screaming and yelling from a distance. He ran toward it and saw that a building was on fire with people all around the building. People were shouting that people were inside.
With out hesitating, Tutator ran inside to help everyone in there. The building was about to collapse at any moment. The building had six floors. He started at the top since that was probably the one that was most dangerous. He got everyone out safely. Same went for floor five and four. He got everyone out from the building on every floor. Or that is what he thought. There was a mother saying that she cant find her two children. Tutator asked what floor and room did they live on. It was on the third floor. Tutator ran inside and started to climb up the crumbling building. When he got to the room, he kicked in the door and went in. He looked everywhere for the two kids. He finally found them hiding and crying. He got closer as the roof of the room started to fall. He got to them and told them to hold on. He got both of them. He started to go back towards the door when the floor started to crumble under him. The floor gave way and still holding the two children from getting hurt landed on the first floor. When he landed he landed on his back which got really hurt. He told the kids to go through the door and run outside. As he saw the kids run through the door, he looked up and the building started to fall. Unable to move, he tried to shield himself from the falling pieces of burning wood. He was unable to protect from all of the burning building. He started to catch on fire. It started around his chest area and started to catch his shirt on fire. Crying in pain from burning, he blacked out because the pain was too much to bare.
The next thing he remembers after that is waking up in pain in the hospital. His parents and some of the older brothers and sisters were there. He was in so much pain that he couldn't move. He looked down to see that his body was covered in burn marks. He asked what happened and it seemed that his oldest brother saw the fire and saw the children running out and said that the guy who rescued them was hurt bad in the building. So Tutator's older brother ran in the building watching out for any of the pieces of roof to fall and hit him. He ran into the room and saw Tutator, his little brother on the floor passed out on fire. He put the fire out and carried his little brother out of the building. After hearing the story, Tutator started to tear up a little bit. He asked how long he was out. His mom said he was out for 12 days not knowing if he would get any better. They never gave up hope.
Its been 2 years since that incident. Tutator is now up and moving again. He has little pain here and there from the burn. He is a very tough kid. His back is all healed other than the burn marks he has from the incident and now he is ready to get back into action.
Faction: Shinobi
-Rank: Chunin
Chakra Type? lightning
-Style Focus Nin
Weapon: kunai and shurikans(spelling)
Items: A book that he keeps his thoughts and feelings in. like a journal.
**Leave Blank, an Admin will give these to you.**
Posted: Feb 5 2013, 01:27 AM
Group: Creators
Posts: 9,431
Member No.: 36
Joined: 28-October 07
Page creation time: 0.0220 seconds · Archive
Get your own Chat Box! Go Large! | http://z3.invisionfree.com/WayoftheShinobi/index.php?showtopic=5609 | robots: classic
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} | 327 | Saturday, January 15, 2011
I have a confession to make.
Socks are not my only love.
Let me give you a minute to process that shocking information.
Yes, it's true. While socks have a very, very special place in my heart, I also have a weakness for hats. The bigger, the better. The crazier, the better. It is my dream to one day attend the Kentucky Derby for the hats alone. Give me something huge and gaudy with tulle and sequins and feathers, and I am in heaven, y'all.
So naturally, today is one of my favorite days of the year. It is National Hat Day. The day to celebrate all things millinery. Now, as I mentioned before, I live in a tiny, tiny room. Which means that my biggest and best hats are currently stored away for safe keeping. But rest assured - my cramped quarters have not stifled my love of hats. Just steered me toward slightly smaller versions of my lovelies.
There was a woman named Willie Oates who was a state legislator and major philanthropist in Arkansas who died a few years ago, and she was officially (as in decreed by the governor) dubbed "The Hat Lady of Arkansas." I had the pleasure of meeting her on a few occasions before her death in 2008, and fell instantly in love with her, and not just for her outrageous headgear. But that was definitely part of it.
I may never do the things that Willie did in her life, but she will always be an inspiration to me. And MAN, I want that hat.
So from the cloche:
To the cap:
The porkpie:
To the bucket:
The fur-lined with ear flaps:
To the beanie with a propeller on top:
Happy National Hat Day, y'all!!
1. I wouldn't really call that a "bucket" hat. Not in the sense I think of them, anyway.
2. I have one of those hats with the propellor on top. | http://awesomearethesocks.blogspot.com/2011/01/i-have-confession-to-make.html | robots: classic
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} | 15,533 | Next Article in Journal
Next Article in Special Issue
Effect of Ion Concentration Changes in the Limited Extracellular Spaces on Sarcolemmal Ion Transport and Ca2+ Turnover in a Model of Human Ventricular Cardiomyocyte
Previous Article in Journal
Maternal Embryonic Leucine Zipper Kinase (MELK): A Novel Regulator in Cell Cycle Control, Embryonic Development, and Cancer
Previous Article in Special Issue
Peptide-Lipid Interactions: Experiments and Applications
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2013, 14(11), 21561-21597; doi:10.3390/ijms141121561
Engineering Lipid Bilayer Membranes for Protein Studies
Muhammad Shuja Khan 1, Noura Sayed Dosoky 2 and John Dalton Williams 1,*
Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA; E-Mail:
Biological Sciences Department, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA; E-Mail:
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:; Tel.: +1-256-824-2898; Fax: +1-256-824-6618.
Received: 6 August 2013; in revised form: 13 October 2013 / Accepted: 21 October 2013 /
Published: 31 October 2013
: Lipid membranes regulate the flow of nutrients and communication signaling between cells and protect the sub-cellular structures. Recent attempts to fabricate artificial systems using nanostructures that mimic the physiological properties of natural lipid bilayer membranes (LBM) fused with transmembrane proteins have helped demonstrate the importance of temperature, pH, ionic strength, adsorption behavior, conformational reorientation and surface density in cellular membranes which all affect the incorporation of proteins on solid surfaces. Much of this work is performed on artificial templates made of polymer sponges or porous materials based on alumina, mica, and porous silicon (PSi) surfaces. For example, porous silicon materials have high biocompatibility, biodegradability, and photoluminescence, which allow them to be used both as a support structure for lipid bilayers or a template to measure the electrochemical functionality of living cells grown over the surface as in vivo. The variety of these media, coupled with the complex physiological conditions present in living systems, warrant a summary and prospectus detailing which artificial systems provide the most promise for different biological conditions. This study summarizes the use of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data on artificial biological membranes that are closely matched with previously published biological systems using both black lipid membrane and patch clamp techniques.
lipid bilayer membrane; nanoporous materials; silicon; transmembrane proteins; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
1. Introduction
Membranes are ubiquitous in biological systems. They are selective barriers that maintain a chemical environment different from the surrounding medium. Biological membranes are crucial for cell protection, compartmentalization, signal transduction, and selective permeability; which allow specific molecules to be transported from and into the cell [1]. They are involved in various processes including enzymatic catalysis, molecular recognition, membrane fusion, cellular adhesion and many others. In this review, we will explore the lipid bilayer membrane (LBM), its structure, incorporation of proteins with LBMs, and the supporting surfaces used for probing different proteins the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to study the capacitance and resistance of a membrane, protein and fused protein in membrane.
1.1. Cell Membrane
Biological membranes display a very complex composition in terms of lipids and proteins. The cell membranes consist of three essential components: lipids, proteins and carbohydrates. The lipid components are mainly glycerophospholipids (also known as phospholipids), sphingolipids, and sterols. Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules composed of two basic parts, a polar head containing a phosphate group, and two non-polar fatty acid tails. The basic structure of a typical cell membrane is a bilayer of phospholipids and sphingolipids arranged in two layers with their polar heads to the outside, and their hydrophobic tails inside. This arrangement shelters the hydrophobic tails of the phospholipids from water and exposes only the hydrophilic heads to the water in the cytosol and extracellular fluid as shown in Figure 1. Inserted in the lipid bilayer are proteins responsible for providing channels and transporters for hydrophilic molecules and ions. These proteins include:
• Integral proteins which have one or more transmembrane domains;
• Peripheral proteins associated at the surface of the bilayer; and
• Lipid-anchored proteins covalently attached to the fatty acids in the membrane.
The selective permeability of these membranes is determined by the composition of their lipids, protein constituents, and carbohydrate components. Carbohydrates located just outside the bilayer are usually attached to the proteins or lipids forming glycoproteins and glycolipids, respectively [2,3]. In aqueous solutions, the amphiphilic single-tailed lipid molecules tend to form aggregates called micelles [4]. A micelle is a globular aggregate in which the hydrophobic tails are protected from water and only the polar heads are exposed to the surrounding aqueous medium. This arrangement prevents the unfavorable contact of hydrocarbons with water. Once the lipid molecules are put in water, the water molecules order themselves to form ice-berg-like cages around the hydrophobic groups of the lipid molecules in order to increase the entropy. Then to minimize the contact with water, the lipid molecules are forced closer to each other excluding the water molecules.
Coalescence of hydrophobic groups releases some of the ordered water, leading to a favorable increase in entropy.
The amphipathic nature of the membrane lipids helps to form the bilayer spontaneously in aqueous solutions. This occurs because the two tails of the membrane lipids give them a cylindrical shape. Thus, the minimum free energy in the system is obtained by creating a cylindrical wrap (or plane) instead of a spherical micelle. Furthermore, lipids tend to form a bimolecular sheet first to shield the non-polar tails from water. These bilayer leaflets can then fold easily to form a vesicle [5]. The final membrane structure is a flexible fluid comprising a mosaic of different lipids, proteins and carbohydrates. Molecules are not stationary, but constantly move laterally across the membrane structure. In 1972, scientists proved that each leaflet of bilayer is formed by a homogeneous environment of lipids in a fluid state including globular assembly of proteins and glycoprotein [6]. Further investigations [7] revealed that membrane lipids are organized into lateral micro-domains with a specific composition and a molecular dynamic that are different to those of the surrounding liquid crystalline phase. The lipid composition is different within two leaflets of the same membrane. Phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylserines are mainly found in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane, and phosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelines are essentially located in the outer leaflet. Cholesterols are equally distributed in the two leaflets of the lipid bilayer due to a fast flip-flop between the outer and the inner leaflets. Vesicle budding and membrane fusion are important biological processes, which result from the asymmetry across the membrane. Asymmetry is responsible for phase separation within one monolayer leaflet [8].
1.2. Classification of Membrane Lipids
Membrane lipids are classified as phospholipids, sphingolipids or sterols. Some of the membrane lipids are attached to carbohydrates and, therefore, are glycolipids. The attached carbohydrate moiety could be one to several molecules of galactose or glucose [5].
1.2.1. Phospholipids
Two types of lipids comprise the majority of biological membranes, glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids. Glycerophospholipids consist of a core of sn-glycerol-3-phosphate that is esterified at its C1 and C2 positions to fatty acids (i.e., the nonpolar aliphatic tails) and at its phosphoryl group to a group, X (i.e., the polar head) [9]. The most common glycerophospholipids begin with the word “phosphatidyl” and end with serine, choline, ethanolamine, inositol, glycerol, etc., depending on the X-group attached to the phosphoryl group. In most cases, biomembranes have a high percentage of phospholipids compared to the other lipid components. For this reason the membrane is known as the phospholipid bilayer membrane.
1.2.2. Sphingolipids
Sphingolipids are derivatives of the C18 amino alcohols, sphingosine, dihydrosphingosine, and their homologs. They include sphingomyelin, cerebrosides, and gangliosides. The formation of lateral microdomains, or rafts, within biological membranes is formed by interactions between sphingolipids and cholesterol [10]. Sphingomyelin contains a choline molecule attached to the hydroxyl group of ceramide.
1.2.3. Sterols
Sterols are known to control biological processes and domain structure of cell membranes. The hydrophobic moiety of sterols is composed of polycyclic structures. Lanosterol is the sterol of prokaryotes and the chemical precursor of both cholesterol and ergosterol. Cholesterol is the most abundant sterol in eukaryotic plasma membranes, especially the erythrocyte membrane, as well as various sub-cellular compartments. In fungi, ergosterol is the most abundant. Plants are characterized by a more complex membrane sterol composition as they contain a mixture of stigmasterol, sitosterol, and two 24-ethyl sterols. Archebacteria and cyanobacteria contain hopanoids such as bacteriohopanetetrol [11].
The hydroxyl group in cholesterol is responsible for the amphiphilic nature of the molecule and consequently for its orientations in biological membranes. Cholesterol molecules orient themselves to the membrane bilayer with their hydroxyl group close to the polar head groups of adjacent phospholipid molecule. Due to the lipophilic nature of cholesterol, it plays a vital role in regulating the lipid membrane properties as it reduces permeability barriers, maintains membrane architecture, lipid organization and phase behavior and, thus, regulates membrane fluidity at different temperatures and affects membrane bending stiffness [1215]. These temperature-dependent effects make cholesterol a “temperature buffer” for the lipid membrane. The ring structure of cholesterol is thought to reduce membrane fluidity at moderate temperatures by reducing phospholipid movement, while inhibiting solidification at low temperatures by disrupting the regular packing of phospholipids. It was also found to inhibit the formation of the interdigitated gel phase and to affect the crystalline lattice and mobility of the lipids. At high concentrations, cholesterols help in separating the phospholipids so that the fatty acid chains cannot move together and crystallize [16].
1.3. Membrane Proteins
Membrane contains two types of proteins: transmembrane and carrier proteins. Plasma membrane proteins perform several functions including transport, enzymatic activity, signal transduction, cell-cell recognition, intracellular joining, and attachment to the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix. Transport is one of the most important functions of biomembranes. Depending on the energy requirements, there are two modes of membrane transport: passive and active. Passive transport is governed by diffusion. If the target molecules are moving according to their concentration gradient in the absence of other forces, the diffusion process will happen spontaneously and the molecules will be transported passively. Osmosis is a specific type of diffusion in which water molecules diffuse across the membrane down their concentration gradient. There are two important terms associated with this process: hypotonic and hypertonic. Water molecules flow from hypotonic (hyposmotic) environment towards the hypertonic (hyperosmotic) environment as shown in Figure 2.
Specific ions and a variety of polar molecules can easily be transported through the cell membranes. Hydrophilic substances pass through transport proteins found in the membrane in order to avoid contact with the non-polar lipid bilayer. This process is a more advanced form of passive transport known as facilitated diffusion or protein-aided passive transport. A channel protein is a type of transport protein that contains a hydrophilic channel through which certain molecules or ions can get from one side of the membrane to the other. Channel proteins that transport ions are known as ion channels. They are often gated channels, which open or close when stimulated. Another class of transport proteins is the carrier protein, which holds the cargo molecules and changes its shape in a way that delivers them across the membrane. Similar to ion channels, carrier proteins help in facilitated diffusion of molecules down their concentration gradient by passive transport [17].
Unlike passive transport, active transport requires energy to pump the target molecules against their concentration gradient, i.e., from lower to higher concentration. This energy is usually provided through ATP hydrolysis. The transport proteins involved in active transport are all carrier proteins. One of the most well-known types of active transport is the Na+/K+ pump through which Na+ moves to outside the cell and K+ enters the cell. In order for this movement to happen, ATP must be consumed. One ATP molecule moves three Na+ ions and two K+ ions.
For transport on a large scale, there is endocytosis and exocytosis, that move large molecules or whole organisms inside and outside the cell, respectively [1,18]. Co-transport is the coupled passage of two materials across the cell membrane. When protons are actively transported across the membrane against the concentration gradient with the help of ATP, then it re-opens the door for another material (food), as well as moving back inside the cell membrane. Endocytosis is the import of materials to the cell by invagination of the plasma membrane. There are three types of endocytosis: phagocytosis, pinocytosis and receptor-mediated. In phagocytosis, pseudopods (extension of cell membrane) surround the item and form a vesicle to take it inside the cell across membrane. In pinocytosis, a fluid-filled vesicle of fluid is formed inside the membrane without the formation of pseudopods.
Some membrane proteins function as receptors with a binding site for a specific chemical messenger, such as a hormone. In some cases, binding to the external signaling molecule may induce the receptor protein to change its shape in order to relay the signal to the cytosol. In some other cases, the signaling molecule itself can pass through a protein channel and reach the cytoplasm [19].
2. Dynamic Structure and Formation of Lipid Bilayer Membrane (LBM)
Biological membranes are dynamic structures [20,21]. It has been observed that both lateral and rotational orders of a lipid within the membrane bilayers are continuously changing with respect to time. Conformational changes affect the conformational order of a lipid molecule within the hydrocarbon chains. The lateral diffusion coefficient measures the ability of a lipid molecule to laterally exchange with one of its neighbors and rotational diffusion coefficient calculates the angular rotation of a lipid molecule around its axis perpendicular to the plane of the bilayer [21]. A special case of molecular dynamics is the transfer of one lipid molecule from one leaflet of the bilayer to the other one. Such cases demonstrate slow diffusion across the bilayer membrane, which is called transversal diffusion or flip-flop. It involves the rotation of the lipid molecule in the plane of the bilayer followed by its translation perpendicularly to the plane of the bilayer as shown in Figure 3. Muller and Herrmann reported [21] that proteins are limited to lateral diffusion within the bilayer membrane.
Methods have been developed for forming different types of lipid membranes include black lipid membrane (BLM), supported lipid bilayer membrane (s-LBM), air-stable lipid bilayer membrane (as-LBM), hybrid lipid bilayer membrane (h-LBM) and polymer-cushioned lipid bilayer membrane (pc-LBM). Each has advantages and disadvantages with regards to ease of formation, membrane lifetime, physiological limiting of fused transmembrane proteins. The following sections review each membrane type and its limitations.
2.1. Black Lipid Membrane (BLM)
Black lipid membranes were first described by Mueller et al. [22]. Lipid bilayer, a thicker annulus, and microlenes are the three components of the BLM. A thicker annulus usually forms at the interface between the supporting substrate and the bilayer [23]. A number of methods are reported to form BLM but the two most well-known methods include painting of the lipid solution over the aperture [21] and the formation of a folded bilayer [24].
To form suspended membrane, termed nano-black lipid membrane, the prerequisite is the deposition of the hydrophobic monolayer on top of the upper surface [25]. Since their advent, black lipid membranes have been used to investigate various biophysical processes. Peptides, proteins, antibiotics and other pore-forming biomolecules are used to form ion channels in phospholipid bilayers [2628]. Figure 4 shows the formation of folded lipid membrane when the solution on the side containing a lipid monolayer is slowly lowered and then pulled up from the solution (Figure 4a). This procedure deposits a monolayer with each pass, thereby producing the black lipid film. Black lipid membranes (BLMs) patterned in this manner are suspended across the mechanical frame support. This provides a freestanding phospholipid bilayer into which transmembrane proteins may be fused. The resulting membrane is suspended directly on the surface liquid making the BLM the artificial membrane most similar to a living system. However, the surface tension required to form suspended bilayers over a fraction of a square millimeter is insufficient for long term stability of the membrane. As such, BLMs often have a usable lifetime of less than 1 h. Thus, short term definitive testing is the primary means by which information can be gathered from a biological test using BLMs. The most common methods used are electrical IV tests and simple light microscopy. For example, the thickness of black lipid membranes in aqueous solution can be deduced from measurements of reflected light intensity [29]. In addition, nonlinear optical microscopy, coupled with an appropriate dye molecule and correlated electrical measurements have provided quantifiable structure and dynamics of suspended lipid bilayers at the molecular level [30]. To improve the long term stability for measuring data and allow extensive evaluation, some supportive structure is required to sustain lipid bilayer membrane.
2.2. Supported Lipid Bilayer Membrane (s-LBM)
Solid substrates are often used to support the engineered phospholipid bilayers. These layers are more robust, stable, and open new opportunities for using surface specific analytical techniques, which were not available for BLM. Solid-supported lipid bilayers (s-SLBs) consist of a continuous lipid bilayer deposited onto a planar solid substrate. An ultrathin water layer separates the membrane from the solid surface by a distance of 10–20 Å [28]. In order to obtain high lipid mobility, the choice of substrate should be hydrophilic, smooth and clean. The best substrates used to form s-LBM are fused silica [31], borosilicate glass [32] and mica [33]. In addition, different methods have been used to deposit bilayer membrane on single crystals of TiO2 and Sr2TiO2 as well as on thin films of SiO2 on LiNbO3 crystals [3436]. Skeletonized zirconium phosphonate modified surfaces can also be used to support planar lipid bilayers. The holes in the skeletonized film provide reservoirs beneath the bilayer providing opportunity for proteins to span the bilayer [37].
There are three general methods for the formation of supported phospholipid bilayers on substrate. The first method involves transfer of amphiphilic molecules from the air-water interface to a solid substrate [38]. It involves the transfer of a lower leaflet of lipids from the air-water interface by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. The transfer of an upper leaflet is attained using the Langmuir-Schaefer technique, in which the substrate is subsequently lowered horizontally onto the deposition medium. This method is useful for the formation of an asymmetric bilayer [39]. Incorporation of proteins onto the bilayer lipid with this technique is difficult because some portions of the proteins are exposed to air and can become denatured before transferring within the monolayers. The second method involves the adsorption and fusion of small unilaminar vesicles (SUVs) from an aqueous suspension to the substrate surface [40,41]. Different methods have been reported to prepare SUVs [42,43]. However, there are several factors which affect the adsorption and fusion of SUVs to solid supports. Most of them include the vesicle composition, size, surface charge, surface roughness, surface cleanliness, solution pH, ionic strength, and osmotic pressure of the vesicles [44,45]. Some researchers proved that the adsorption process can be accelerated by the presence of Ca2+ and Mg2+[37]. Fusion of SUVs to the substrate can also be enhanced by heating [46] and also by the addition of polyethylene glycol [47]. The third method is the combination of the first and second methods. Transferring of monolayer via Langumir-Blodgett technique is followed by vesicle fusion to form the upper layer [39]. A detailed description of this methodology is shown in Figure 5.
Recently, Tantawi et al. [48,49] demonstrated the same LB/LS technique to create the artificial phospholipid membranes. This technique offers the advantage of tightly packing the lipid molecules, hence resulting in a bilayer membrane that is as strong and tight as possible. The goal is to pack the lipids tight enough to form a contiguous layer that provides molecular ordering without supplying so much pressure that the lipids begin to fold over on themselves. Thus, one can directly control the surface pressure of the membrane desired for any specific biological test.
At low pH, lipid membrane spreading over a planar surface is favorable, regardless of the net charge on the bilayer [49]. The major advantage of using solid supports is to achieve high robustness and stability of the phospholipid bilayer membrane. However, the supported membrane is not truly decoupled from the underlying substrate, and solid supported phospholipid bilayers have some limitations in terms of their substrate compatibility. The interaction between the bilayer and supporting substrate can lead to shape changes and immobility of transmembrane or surface binding proteins which alter the physiological response of the system.
2.3. Air-Stable Lipid Bilayer Membrane (as-LBM)
Air-stable lipid membranes represent an emerging field in solid supported lipid bilayer membranes (LBM). Systems that support air stability include hybrid bilayers [50], protein stabilized lipid bilayers [51], and polymerized membranes formed using synthetic diacetylene-containing phospholipids [52,53]. However, these systems can suffer from either poor lipid mobility or are almost completely covered with protein. Both of these problems detract from the ability to employ the platform in sensing applications. Recently, an air-stable system was developed that maintains both high lipid mobility and is capable of binding analyte proteins to ligands by fusing vesicles containing polyethylene oxide oligomers conjugates of phosphatidylethanolamine (PEG) to substrate [54]. The presence of PEG in the membrane did not substantially hinder the binding of streptavidin to biotinylated lipids present in the bilayer. An illustration of the PEG stabilized membrane is presented in Figure 6.
The distance between the lower leaflet of the bilayer and the solid support is not sufficient to prevent lipid-solid surface interactions and ensuing frictions. This causes decreased in lipid mobility and denaturation of incorporated transmembrane proteins [55]. Normally, phospholipid bilayers shrink and crack upon cooling [56], which is potentially a problem for making sensor devices from supported membranes under certain conditions; however, this issue was overcome by Zhang et al. [57]. They successfully showed that when positively charged lipids were added to dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles, phospholipid bilayers on mica surfaces would resist cracking upon cooling into the gel phase. This promotes storage for longer periods of time than otherwise possible with supported lipid bilayers.
A method which describes the forming of fluidic and air-stable LBM through tethered and dispersed cholesterol groups incorporated into the bottom leaflet was reported by Deng et al. [58]. Achieving air stability allows us to easily fabricate SLB microarrays from direct robotic spotting of vesicle solutions. A facile method for the formation of air-stable phospholipid membranes on silicon dioxide surface was first reported by Zhang et al. [59]. The process was further improved through the use of skeletonized zirconium phosphonate surfaces by Fabre et al. [37] to support planar lipid bilayers. In this case, the surface mobility of the interlaminar phosphonate layers provided reservoirs beneath the membrane to incorporate transmembrane proteins allowing the BK channel protein to insert directly into a preformed bilayer on the skeletonized surface. To achieve the reservoirs, skeletonized zirconium phosphonate films are prepared using the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique as shown in Figure 7.
2.4. Hybrid Lipid Bilayer Membrane (h-LBM)
Hybrid phospholipid membranes are more robust than the solid supports because they have strong interactions between the alkanethiol self-assembled monolayer (SAM) layer and the substrate as shown in Figure 8. They can be dried and rehydrated when formed at an air–water interface by keeping some of the properties unchanged [60]. The problem with this approach was that the alkanethiol SAM layer is more crystalline in structure when compared to a normal leaflet of a phospholipid bilayer, which results in less fluidity of the membrane and restricts the ability of proteins to fuse randomly. Hydrophobic SAMs support the formation of hybrid bilayers in which a lipid monolayer was adsorbed at the interface [61]. Furthermore, protein incorporated into the bilayer is also incompatible with the Au support layer [62]. This can restrain its diffuse migration of lipids in the bilayer. It has been concluded that it is difficult for hybrid lipid bilayer membranes to accommodate the transmembrane proteins with both large extracellular and intracellular domains. Tethered bilayer lipid membranes (tBLMs) (exhibit higher lipid diffusion coefficients relative to SAMs with saturated alkyl chains) have been used extensively to investigate membrane proteins and processes such as redox activity [63], ion transport across the membrane [64], antibiotic binding [65], and other applications [6668].
2.5. Polymer-Cushioned Lipid Bilayer Membrane (pc-LBM)
Black lipid membranes, solid supported lipid bilayers and SAM/monolayers have been used to mimic many cellular processes; however, it remains difficult to engineer the appropriate environment for transmembrane proteins. In artificial membranes, the water layer between substrate and bilayer does not prevent the protein from interacting with substrate, which results in denaturation of proteins. Therefore, the incorporation of transmembrane proteins into supported lipid bilayers has not yet been satisfactorily explored. This is largely due to the limited space between the bottom leaflet of the bilayer and the solid supporting substrate. Typically, the distance between the bilayer and the underlying solid substrate is only around 1 nm. Due to this limited space availability, proteins may stay inside the bilayers, leading to substantial damage of lipid bilayer membrane (LBM) as shown in Figure 9a. In the case of a thin water layer, the separation distance between the substrate and the biomembrane is typically 10–20 Å [28]. This presents a problem for transmembrane proteins, which can become immobilized by direct interaction with the solid support [69]. The different strategies for separating a LBM from a solid surface were reviewed by [7072]. These studies concluded that soft hydrophilic polymer cushions could be introduced between the hard inorganic substrate and the LBM to completely avoid the possible substrate-lipid interactions and may affect the protein structure or function [73]. Therefore, researchers found an alternative technique to support the LBM using polymers (called polymer supported bilayer systems) as shown in Figure 9c. These experiments proved that a polymer layer can keep the membrane away from substrate. Polymer support must be hydrophilic, soft and not highly charged.
In the last two decades, several types of polymer cushions have been explored as supporting templates for bilayer lipid membranes. One example is the use of a thin hydrogel as the polymer layer on indium–tin oxide (ITO), with mesh sizes smaller than the size of the protein used to form the protein-tethered bilayer lipid membrane. The thickness of these polymer cushions was no more than 100 nm [56]. Two important polymers cushions used are lipopolymer and polyelectrolyte [7476]. However, in some experiments, polydopamine, dextran, cellulose and chitosan [7780] were also reported as cushions.
Several techniques are reported to form the bilayer on polymer cushion. One of them is vesicle fusion or Langmuir-Blodgett/Langmuir-Schaffer transfer. These systems allow protein incorporation in non-denaturing conditions. However, it has also been reported that the large number of tethering molecules can decrease the mobility of the number of supported phospholipid bilayer, which further changes the transition temperature. Some scientists also prefer oxide substrates to polymer supported phospholipid membranes because they are more stable and possess fewer surface defects [81]. A poly(l-lactide acid) (PLLA) thin film was introduced as a soft polymeric cushion between the CaF2 substrate and the lipid bilayer assembly. To validate this approach, sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy was used to examine and compare single lipid bilayers assembled on the CaF2 prism surface and on poly(Lactic acid) (PLLA) cushion [82]. They demonstrated that hydrophilic PLLA cushions are indeed promising substrates to support single lipid bilayers. Other soft polymer cushions such as polydopamine have also been reported. Nirasay et al. [83] deposited zwitterionic phospholipid bilayer on the polydopamine cushion by fusion of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) vesicles as shown in Figure 10. They prepared polymer-supported membranes over a continuous polydopamine film (20 nm) and assessed their fluidity.
It is important to note that lipid membranes typically require different surface pressures to meet the physiological requirements for proteins. Thus, the author proposes that the use of the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique and LB/LS techniques will provide more control over bilayer deposition that is currently demonstrated in the majority of research presented to date [48,49]. This technique offers the advantage of tightly packing the lipid molecules, hence resulting in a bilayer membrane that is as strong and tight as possible. One concern is that LB films are artificially created and not derived from living systems like cell-spliced membranes. However, control over the surface pressure may pose a significant benefit to biological research on the packing density of various proteins within lipid membranes and rafts.
3. Probing Transmembrane Proteins on Solid Surfaces
Membrane proteins play a major role in every living cell. Protein adsorption on solid surfaces has long been an attractive subject for research in the field of natural sciences, biosensors and protein chips, medical implants and in the food industry [83,84]. Both the protein and the surface properties influence protein–surface interactions. Important parameters include surface energy, polarity, charge, and morphology [85]. Membranes have been used to investigate protein adsorption phenomena with a realistic background from biological systems [86]. Atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, confocal microscopy and other surface topography equipment can be used to measure the surface tension, polarity, charge and many other parameters [8790]. It has been observed that proteins tend to adhere more strongly to nonpolar than to polar molecules, to high surface tension than to low surface tension and to uncharged than to charged substrates. The affinity of proteins to surfaces increases on hydrophobic substrates and decreases on hydrophilic substrates [91]. For instance, glycoproteins adsorb extensively on hydrophilic planar surfaces and sparsely on hydrophobic surfaces [92]. Cha et al. [93] reported that uncharged vesicles made from zwitterionic lipids appear to fuse more rapidly to substrates at basic pH and normal ionic strength as compared to negatively charged vesicles. Investigation of fusion and spreading of phospholipid bilayers on glass surfaces is done as a function of pH and ionic strength.
In recent years, the favorable protein adsorption properties of Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) brushes have been reported in different publications [92,94,95]. At low salt concentration, these polyelectrolyte layers retain proteins in their native state. In addition, the activity of the enzyme horseradish peroxidase was not affected after adsorption to PAA brushes in contrast to adsorption to a bare silica surface [96]. Moreover, the protein insulin does not transform into amyloid fibers when attached to PAA brushes even at conditions at which fibrillization is normally observed [97,98]. In contrast to low salt concentrations, PAA brushes become highly protein resistant at high salt concentrations as these conditions suppress the process termed “counterion evaporation” which is the major driving force for protein adsorption to polyelectrolytes [99]. Recently, a facile micro contact printing (uCP) method for creating the pattern of 3D PAA polymer brushes on gold surface is demonstrated by Wang et al. [95], in which model protein (H-IgG) and disease related protein (HBsAg) are grafted, as shown in Figure 11. The antibody/antigen interactions on these polymer brush patterned surfaces were monitored by fluorescence microscopy and surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi). The chip shows highly specific and tremendous signal amplification compared to the PAA brush surface without patterning. Moreover, this surface can effectively prevent non-specific adsorption of proteins.
3.1. Parameters Affecting Protein Interaction with Substrate
Parameters which highly affect the proteins during interaction with solid substrate are: temperature, pH, ionic strength, adsorption behavior, conformational reorientation, buffer composition and surface density. If true physiological conditions were to be mimicked, these parameters could easily be fixed but many experimental studies were conducted at arbitrary conditions.
Temperature and pH affect the protein adsorption. At high temperature, increased adsorption rates can be expected due to the accelerated diffusivity of proteins towards the sorbent surface [100]. The pH determines the electrostatic state of proteins. When pH equals the isoelectric point (pI) of a protein, the numbers of negative and positive charges are in balance resulting in a net neutral molecule [101]. At low pH conditions, proteins are positively charged and are negatively charged at high pH conditions. Efficient screening of the protein’s electric potential reduces lateral interactions. This in turn may initiate an increase in packing density, suspension (dispersion of molecules in medium but they are not dissolved) of cooperative effects, and protein–protein repulsions [102]. Moreover, high ionic strength conditions increase the tendency of proteins to aggregate [103].
Conformational reorientations of proteins within bilayer surfaces were investigated by Norde [104,105]. They noted that small, rigid proteins have a low chance for structural realignment upon surface adsorption. On the other hand, intermediate size proteins are usually able to undergo conformational reorientations when interacting with a lipid surface. It is now generally accepted that many proteins undergo conformational changes upon adsorption to a solid interface. These changes are due to the fact that the conformation of a protein that corresponds to the free energy minimum in solution typically does not correspond to the free energy minimum of this protein once it is in contact with the surface. The conformational and/or orientational changes that occur upon adsorption are expected to affect the biological function of the protein. Lipoproteins are structurally labile and therefore show a strong affinity to hydrophobic surfaces with significant conformational reorientations. On the contrary, adsorption of glycoproteins on hydrophobic surfaces is hindered due to the high content of hydrophilic glycans [106,107].
The final layer thickness of a protein monolayer in its saturation state is higher in the case of “end-on” oriented proteins than in the case of “side-on” oriented proteins which were investigated by Lu et al. [108] and Su et al. [109]. After extensive simplification, the protein is represented as globular entity consisting of positive and negative domains. At low surface densities, the protein orientation is solely determined by surface–protein interactions while at high surface densities, increasing protein–protein interactions can trigger orientational changes leading to a decrease of protein–surface interactions [110112].
3.2. Adsorption Mechanisms
Adsorption behavior is usually the result of an overlapping of transportation, adsorption and repulsion processes. It has been observed that small proteins diffuse quickly as compared to large ones. Therefore, these small proteins are major species in the early adsorption stage. Because of the large contact area, larger proteins bind stronger to the surface and can easily repel other pre-adsorbed proteins. As a consequence, the total mass of adsorbed proteins can pass through a local maximum during the course of adsorption [113]. Adsorbed proteins change their orientation from one state to another by reducing attractive forces towards the surface and repulsive forces between neighboring proteins. The orientation of a structurally stable protein on a surface is characterized by “side-on” or “end-on” orientation, referring to an elliptically shaped particle that is respectively attached with its long or short axis to the surface [114]. Adsorption can also stabilize the structure of some proteins and hence improve their resistance to denaturation as compared to dissolved proteins [115]. Also, it was shown experimentally that the activity of enzymes after surface adsorption can be indifferent [116] or reduced [117] compared to dissolve enzymes if the orientation of the active sites is directed toward the solution or toward the surface, respectively. Some proteins or peptides exhibit their function only after adsorption [118]. By contrast, adsorption can also lead to the irreversible alteration of proteins that do not refold into their native structure after desorption.
Proteins are typically asymmetric complex molecules of a few nanometers in size. Rabe et al. [86] observed that proteins rotate freely in solution and on lipid surfaces. Each protein change is conformation to align nonpolar regions within the lipid bilayer and polar regions on the membrane surface and bulk solution. A protein’s surface can be divided into different patches and each patch can be of hydrophobic, hydrophilic, positively, or negatively charged nature [119,120]. Therefore, proteins predominantly expose those patches that are rich of hydrophilic residues towards the hydrophilic surface and the opposite happens on hydrophobic surfaces. Similarly, proteins adsorbing at positively or negatively charged interfaces tend to expose oppositely charged regions to the surface [121,122]. It has been observed that proteins not only interact with the sorbent surface but also with one another in lateral direction. This occurs when proteins of the same species orient such that a net charge of equal sign causes long range inter protein repulsions [123]. Thus, one can theoretically conclude that larger proteins tend to repel smaller ones from the sorbent surface [101] In addition, there are some proteins which diffuse in close proximity to the surface and they will more likely to adsorb if there are already pre-adsorbed proteins.
It was Chatelier et al. and Minton et al. [124126] who provided the first complete definition of the terms positive cooperative adsorption, negative cooperative adsorption, and apparent non-cooperative protein adsorption. During cooperative adsorption, proteins are vertically tracked toward the surface and at the same time horizontally repelled by neighboring proteins as shown in Figure 12.
At equilibrium stage, the number of adsorbing proteins is equal to the number of desorbing proteins. In the case of pure irreversible adsorption, proteins cannot be adsorbed to the surface anymore as all binding sites are occupied. A rather unexpected phenomenon is the observation of an overshoot during the adsorption kinetics. This overshoot refers to a situation where the adsorption kinetics passes a local or global maximum before the saturation is reached. Different techniques are used to observe overshooting protein adsorption kinetics [116,118,127]. Three different explanations for overshooting adsorption kinetics are shown in Figure 13. First, The Vroman effect describes the adsorption of a fast adsorbing species with low surface affinity and a slowly adsorbing species with high surface affinity [127,128]. They concluded that proteins with higher surface affinity replace the proteins with lower surface affinity. The second was given by Daly et al. [112], which is based on a change of the protein’s orientation after adsorption on surface (hydrophilic). Finally, Wertz and Santore [110] showed that the initial end-on orientation allows more species to adsorb on the surface (hydrophobic) as the final and energetically preferred side-on orientation.
A highly important aspect connected with protein adsorption is the aggregation of proteins into oligomers of a few monomers or into clusters of up to several hundreds of protein monomers. This process accommodates protein adsorption at solid interfaces and promotes the adsorption kinetics. Aggregation or clustering can be vital for the control of signal transduction pathways [118,129,130] or show signs of complex cellular functions [131]. The application of Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) spectroscopy has revealed that protein clusters can deposit from the solution onto the surface and it starts spreading. The spreading rate completely depends on the type of surface.
For fast spreading, hydrophobic surface is used with high surface mobility, and for slow spreading, hydrophilic surface is used with low surface mobility [132]. A detailed model describing the likely dependences of the rate constants of protein adsorption and desorption on the fraction of charged lipids in a lipid bilayer are described in Trusova and Gorbenko [133], Rabe et al. [134] and Zhdanov and Kasemo [135].
Tethered bilayer lipid membranes have been used as a model system to mimic the interactions between the whey protein β-lactoglobulin and a lipid interface. Lipid composition as well as the structural properties of the protein governed their interactions, which were probed by a combination of surface plasmon spectroscopy, neutron reflectivity, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. A comparison of results obtained using native and a partially unfolded protein indicate that the protein preferentially forms loosely packed layers at the lipid interface [136].
Landau theory was used to describe the decay of order in a lipid bilayer as a function of distance from the embedded protein and to consider only the substantial fraction area of protein that is incorporated with the membrane’s surface area [137,138]. Jihnig et al. later extended this theory to large protein concentrations [139]. The thermodynamic properties of several different types of lipid-protein interactions were later calculated by Scott JR and Coe [140]. They described the orientation change in terms of phase transition inside the lipid-protein interaction with respect to temperature and fluidity.
The spontaneous reconstitution of lipid-protein complex was examined by Scotto and Zakim [141]. Spontaneous insertion of proteins into dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles was facilitated by sonication at 4 °C. Fusion between protein-free and protein-containing vesicles in a liquid crystalline phase was extremely slow. It shows that the spontaneous insertion of pure membrane proteins into preformed vesicles can be a superficial event. Moreover, the incorporation of a pure membrane protein into a preformed lipid bilayer did not occur during fusion between vesicles. Solid-supported lipid layers are able to incorporate membrane proteins only if an aqueous layer will separate the lipid layer from the substrate [142]. Furthermore, the mechanical role of the lipid bilayer in ion channel conformation and function with specific reference to the case of the mechanosensitive channel of large conductance was also discussed in detail [143,144].
4. Transmembrane Protein Fused in Bilayer Lipid Membrane on Porous Silicon (PSi)
Multiple groups have recently investigated transmembrane proteins fused into lipids supported by a variety of substrates. Gold [145148], alumina [26,149,150], Teflon [151,152], porous silicon (PSi) [153162] and many others materials have been successfully used as supporting surfaces (substrates) to study proteins. Each substrate has its own advantages and disadvantages when used as support for lipid bilayer membranes (LBMs). Because these materials affect both the lipid and fused protein, they may have similar but not identical properties to the in vivo one.
Researchers have been working to provide the best solution for the specified problem and monitor the proteins under native environment as compared to non-native. The life time of LBM is reduced with Teflon as supporting material and at high temperature; it emits toxic particles and gases. Porous alumina has poor biocompatibility. Also, the high aspect ratio of porous alumina is a disadvantage. Using gold as coated material, capacitance is reduced which further decreases the duration of the experiment. Mica as substrate gives low conductivity and it is impossible to record the real time monitoring of lipid-protein interaction and ion channel monitoring. Also, to record the image using atomic force microscopy (AFM), and if the surface is mica, the interaction force between the cantilever and the biological object will decrease. One of the best possible solutions is to use porous silicon, PSi, to keep the transmembrane proteins in an environment as close as possible to the in vivo one. In addition, PSi has been highly used in drug delivery and other biological labels due it its high surface-area-to-volume ratios [161169]. Moreover, its compatibility with electronic devices makes it more attractive for medical and electronic applications over other materials. Other properties include its low cost, electroluminescence, and changes in refractive index by varying the depth and size of pores [170]. It has high biocompatibility, biodegradability and photoluminescence; which allow it to be used for an in vivo monitored drug delivery [171175].
Pore size of porous silicon can be precisely controlled by fabrication parameters. The mechanism for the formation of lipid bilayer membrane is dependent on the pore size, because small pores are required to achieve the lower surface coverage of adsorbed lipid vesicles. Therefore, pore size dependent observations are suggested to be due to the hydrophilicity of the surface, which decreases with increases in the pore size [161]. To fabricate pores (holes), different methods have been documented. One of the most common methods was proposed by Goncalves et al. [153]. They proposed a silicon bed with electron-beam patterned holes in it to support native membrane layers of C. Glutamicum, but to fill the holes they had no access to the solution. Another method was given by Thibault et al. [157]. They used electron-beam lithography and reactive ion etching to develop holes, which are expensive and time consuming processes. Fabricated pores were interconnected inside the silicon bed and used side openings for access to the water solution. However, their methodology does not allow patterning of biological materials on the backside of the membrane.
Fertig et al. used planar microstructured through-water glass vials with pore diameters of 1–2 μm to detect the activity of single ion channel protein. Planar patch clamp electrodes were used to attain an electrical resistance higher than 1 GΩ between the membrane and the pore. The accessibility of the ion channel containing membrane can be enhanced by their experiments [158]. For protein immobilization, Simion et al. [156] used the electro-chemically fabricated porous silicon as a substrate. Worsfold et al. [154] also used porous silicon to support lipid bilayers for biosensing. However, these pores were not etched through the substrate and thus were closed from underneath, and this prevented the testing of transmembrane ion channels. We conclude that silicon membranes should be porous all the way through to be used as a support for biological membranes on one or both sides of the silicon structure.
Currently, research groups have begun working to incorporate transmembrane proteins with lipid bilayer membrane on silicon devices, which must be porous throughout. A schematic illustration of this concept is presented in Figure 14. Recently in 2012, Zhu et al. [155] fabricated different nitride pores of size 200, 400 and 700 nm in diameter on one side of the Si wafer as shown in Figure 15. They used 4 inch n-type Si (100) wafers of 320 μm thick with both sides grown successively with 300 nm thick silicon oxide (SiO2) and 200 nm thick silicon nitride (Si3N4) layers. On one side of the Si wafer, negatively charged polystyrene, PS, colloidal particles of 200, 400, and 800 nm in diameter, respectively, were introduced to the surface of Si3N4 layer via electrostatic self-assembly, which was followed by deposition of a thin Cr mask layer. After stripping off the PS particles, inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching was applied to remove the Si3N4 layer of the exposed regions. On the other side of the wafer, bulk Si and SiO2 layer were etched to create four trapezia shaped cavities by standard Si fabrication procedures including photolithography, Cr etching, anisotropic Si wet etching, and BOE (buffered hydrofluoric acid) wet etching, resulting in randomly distributed nanopores on the silicon nitride layers [155].
Alternatively, Tantawi et al. [48,49,159] have chosen to pattern the porous silicon membrane using silicon on insulator (SOI) substrates. They successfully fabricated pores in the range of 0.2–2.0 μm using an electrical fabrication technique, and tested the supported bilayer with and without fused transmembrane proteins. A summary is presented in Figure 16. They used Langumir-Blodgett and Langumir-Schaefer techniques to prepare artificial lipid bilayer membrane on porous silicon structure. The Epithelial Sodium Channel (ENaC) transmembrane protein is then fused into it by direct spreading into the lipid bilayer. This work offers new capabilities as compared to most of the other silicon-based technologies [153,154,157]. This device can be used as a barrier between two different and fully accessible compartments, which provides access to the solution on both sides of the porous silicon membrane for the study of functional ion channels. We assert that porous silicon supported artificial membranes may also allow biologists to study protein-protein interactions in an environment as close as possible to an in vivo one.
5. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) has been used to characterize porous substrate platforms with deposited lipid bilayers and incorporated transmembrane proteins. This methodology is based on complex impedance measurements at a wide range of frequencies. Important parameters to analyze using EIS are the capacitance and resistance of the membrane, fused protein, and this technique has also been used to monitor the bilayer incorporation of a ligand gated ion channel protein and the modulation of its channel activity by the selective binding of an antibody [65,176]. For these tests, a periodic voltage signal of variable frequency is applied to the electrodes. The absolute value of the current response of the system is analyzed in terms of the complex impedance and the phase shift. Capacitance of the lipid bilayer membrane (LBM) increases when an electric field is applied. Hydrophobic pores form on the LBM, but do not contribute in the conductance mechanism. After the removal of electric field, LBM returns to its low conducting state, and we call this phenomena “reversible electric breakdown” [176]. Electric breakdown of the membranes can be measured using the voltage-clamp technique, which was presented by Chernomordik et al. [177]. Presence of cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity and causes it to be more rigid [178]. One should expect that the incorporation of protein channels into the lipid bilayer membranes, pore formation in the membranes is stabilized but may increase at the vicinity of the proteins [176,178].
Zhu et al. [155], Lundgren et al. [179] and Tantawi et al. [48,159] have all applied EIS to investigate the physical behavior of pore spanning lipid bilayer membrane on substrate’s surface with respect to time. Zhu et al. reported the mechanical stability and the lifetime of pore spanning nano black lipid membrane (BLM). They investigated electrical properties of nano-BLMs in terms of membrane resistance and membrane capacitance using electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) approach. They measured EIS at bias of 0, 0.05 and 0.10 V in a frequency range of 10−2–106 Hz with pore diameters of 200, 400 and 700 nm. Zhu et al. recorded membrane resistance over time and concluded that with a 700 nm pore size, they had a resistance of 51.3 GΩ after 1 h of pore spanning nano-BLMs on porous silicon device. However, this high value was dramatically decreased to 2.4 GΩ and 0.8 GΩ after 24 h and 36 h, respectively, as shown in Figure 17C. For pores with a size of 400 nm, maximum resistance recorded after 122 h was 8 GΩ as shown in Figure 17B. As the pore was decreased to 200 nm, the membrane’s resistance increased to 53.6 GΩ after 144 h. These experimental results revealed an interesting finding that the life time of black lipid membrane can be improved by reducing the pore size. Figure 17D shows the detailed results at different time instances. They measured 38.8–53.6 GΩ BLM resistance and average specific capacitance of 5.9 μFcm−2 depending on the pore size. The life time of pore spanning nano-BLMs with pore sizes 200 and 400 nm were much higher as calculated by Drexler and Steinem [180] and Romer and Steinem [25] with same lipid 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) and alumina as substrate. This further supports the use of suspended BLMs over very small diameter pores.
Lundgren et al. [179] measured EIS data of the other lipid bilayer and studied capacitance changes upon insertion of vesicles in the membrane with respect to time. They demonstrated real-time recordings in the layer formation process of bilayer made from (i) positively charged lipid 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-ethylphosphocholine (POEPC); (ii) neutral lipid 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) on SiO2; and (iii) monolayers made from POEPC on hydrophobic alkanethiolate substrates. The group determined the surface capacitance during bilayer formation and the response (amplitude) of voltage signal with respect to time. To calculate the quality of the mono- and bi-layers, the capacitance of the lipid films can be anticipated from the measured change in capacitance as shown in Figure 18a,b. This gives 2070 ± 40 nFcm−2 for the POEPC monolayer and 1290 ± 220 and 1160 ± 300 nFcm−2 for the POEPC and POPC bilayers, respectively. They noted a clear difference between POEPC and POEPC bilayer formation. For POEPC, the rapid decrease in capacitance starts directly after the vesicles reach the sensor surface, which takes only 3 min as shown in Figure 18d. For POPC, the response was instead delayed by 2–4 min. During this lag phase, there is only a slight decrease in capacitance. In terms of amplitude (peak voltage), they concluded that for POEPC on octadecanethiol (ODT), the peak voltage increases dramatically during the monolayer formation. For POEPC and POPC on SiO2, the situation is completely different. Here, the peak voltage first decreases rapidly during the initial stage of bilayer formation, and then it is increased. EIS studies also proved that this initial decrease is neither due to lipid monolayer formation nor capacitance response but is caused by the thin layer of conducting solvent in between the SiO2 and the bilayer. The lowest measured capacitance for POEPC and POPC bilayers in this study was 1070 and 990 nFcm−2, respectively.
Tantawi et al. [48,159] also performed EIS measurements on porous silicon supported lipid membrane fused with transmembrane protein. In this experiment, a bilayer of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine fused with epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) protein was suspended over their porous silicon membrane and electrically measured across the liquid filled vias. A Nyquist plot of the real and imaginary impedance of impedance from their experiment is presented in Figure 19. It is important to note that the impedance across the porous membrane is significantly smaller than the supported lipid bilayer and the membrane fused bilayer. Furthermore, measurements show that the impedance of the native bilayer is significantly larger than that of the membrane fused with the sodium channel.
The most important result of Tantawi’s et al. research [48,49,159] is the match of this data to biological measurements for both ENaC and the lipid bilayer. The lipid bilayer membrane showed a capacitance of approximately 0.63 μFcm−2, and a resistance of about 4 kΩcm2. Romer et al. [25], Hillebrandt et al. [80], Zhu et al. [155], Awayda et al. [181], Berdiev et al. [182] and Naumowicz et al. [183185] recorded the membrane’s capacitance of about 0.67–0.95 μFcm−2 with varied compositions. Furthermore, Tantawi and his team also measured the capacitance of ENaC channels to be 0.57 μFcm−2 over six independent membrane measurements. Calculated capacitance matches closely with the EIS patch clamp data reported on ENaC using live frog oocyte cells by Awayda et al. [181], Berdiev et al. [182] and Hillebrandt, H. et al. [80]. Awayda reported a normalized capacitance of 0.33 μFcm−2 for ENaC fused into a BLM of the the same phospholipid bilayer composition used by Tantawi et al.
Table 1 provides an overview of published EIS data from different research groups. One quickly notes that the membrane’s capacitance and resistance values vary among different research efforts. The reason for these differences is the approach of EIS under different physiological conditions. For instance, different lipids, varying deposition methods and ratea, surface patterned below the lipid bilayer, the type of bilayer application technique, fabrication method of nanopores and their size, and input signal/voltage to electrodes are the important factors that drastically vary the EIS data. The majority of published work is focused on Gramicidin (A, B, C, D) due to its long term stability and ease of membrane fusion. The capacitance values published for various Gramicidin vary by an order of magnitude based on the conformity of the protein (its mutant form A, B, C or D) which is dictated by the temperature, the surface pressure of the lipid bilayer, the length of the fatty acid chains used, and most importantly, the static forces applied to the protein by the artificial template material patterned under the bilayer. To conclude, EIS gives in depth information about mechanical stability and the life time of membrane. In addition, it provides excellent in vivo mechanisms to record single and multiple ion movements across the membrane incorporated with different proteins.
As per Table 1, where,
• DOPC: 1,2-di-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine,
• TR-DHPE: Dihexadecanoyl-phosphoethanolamine,
• DPPE: 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine,
• DPPTE: 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanol,
• DPPS: 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine,
• DPHPC: 1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholin,
• DMPC: dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine,
• DHADAB: dihexadecyldimethylammonium bromide,
• POPG: 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-[phosphor-rac-(1-glycerol)],
• POEPC: 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-ethylphosphocholine and
• POPC: 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.
6. Conclusion and Future Directions
Different reviews on artificial biological membranes have been published so far, but this review focuses exclusively on engineering lipid bilayer membranes (LBMs) incorporated with transmembrane proteins. It highlights the detailed structure of biological membrane, protein-protein interactions on surfaces and different parameters affecting physiological properties of proteins fused in supported LBMs. Among different supporting materials, this review revealed that porous silicon (PSi) is a promising material used as support to study proteins incorporated in artificial biological membranes. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data measured by different research groups concludes that their experimental approaches will help to better understand the in vivo properties of cellular wall structure and record ion channels movements across the PSi supported membrane fused with transmembrane proteins. Currently, the authors of this review are studying the cell membranes of E. coli and mitochondria [186] using a new approach by spreading LBMs fused with different proteins on both sides of PSi. A summary of this work is presented in Figure 20. In this way, functional ions can easily pass through PSi supported membrane and may allow biologists to study proteins in a simulated environment.
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Figure 1. A lipid bilayer membrane (LBM).
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Figure 1. A lipid bilayer membrane (LBM).
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Figure 2. Bilayer lipid membrane osmosis process. (a) Water molecules flow at higher concentration (hypotonic); (b) Water molecules move from hypotonic region (high extracellular concentration) to hypertonic region (low extracellular concentration) across the LBM; (c) Water molecules are at equilibrium position.
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Figure 3. Diffusion mechanism inside the lipid bilayer membrane (LBM).
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Figure 4. Black lipid membrane (BLM) deposition: (a) A single dip and pull of a mechanical support into water coated by a lipid results in a monolayer; (b) Lowering the substrate twice forms a BLM at the water interface.
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Figure 5. The formation process for lipid bilayer membrane on solid support surfaces using a combination of the Langmuir-Blodgett technique and vesicle fusion processes. (a) Substrate with water layer; (b) Pulling in and out hydrophilic substrate through a lipid monolayer; (c) Vesicle; (d) Substrate with single lipid monolayer; (e) Solid supported LBM.
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Figure 6. Air stability of a lipid membrane is increased using a Phosphatidylethanolamine (PEG) film. (a) PEG; (b) Simple solid supported LBM; (c) Vesicles with PEG on substrate.
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Figure 7. Supporting lipid bilayers with skeletonized zirconium phosphate surface (a) A mixed monolayer is on a hydrophobic surface; (b) the surface is washed with ethanol to remove the non-covalently bound molecules; (c) Lipid bilayers are formed on the skeletonized surfaces by vesicle fusion or by Langmuir-Blodgett/Langmuir-Schaefer techniques. Reprinted with permission from Langmuir [37]. (American Chemical Society, 2012).
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Figure 8. Illustration of a hybrid lipid membrane. (a) Alkanethiol SAM layer; (b) A single phospholipid monolayer on substrate; (c) Alkanethiol SAM layers arrange themselves over the gold surface, providing single layer lipid adhesion.
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Figure 9. Incorporation of a protein in lipid bilayer membrane with polymer cushion on solid substrate. (a) Denaturation of transmembrane protein when comes in contact with substrate; (b) A polymer cushion; (c) Polymer cushion protects the protein from the substrate surface.
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Figure 10. Preparation of polydopamine supported membranes and the structure of polydopamine. Reprinted with permission from Science [79] and Journal of Physical Chemistry C [82].
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Figure 11. Schematic diagram of patterning Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) brushes and immunoassay along SPRi process. Reprinted with permission from Applied Surface [95].
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Figure 12. Non-cooperative and Cooperative adsorption mechanisms. (a) Non-cooperative adsorption: proteins track vertically towards the surface; (b) Cooperative adsorption: proteins track vertically and horizontally towards the surface.
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Figure 13. Adsorption Kinetics of proteins with surface. (a) Proteins with higher surface affinity replace the proteins with lower surface affinity; (b) Change of the protein’s orientation after adsorption on surface; (c) Proteins with end-on orientation allows more species to adsorb on the surface.
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Figure 14. Incorporation of transmembrane proteins fused into lipid bilayer on porous structure. (a) Geometry of porous structure; (b) Prototype of fabricated porous structure; (c) Vesicle; (d) Lipid bilayer membrane on PSi.
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Figure 15. (A) Suspended nanoporous Si3N4 membranes; (B) Bottom-view of Si3N4 membrane using SEM; (C) Top-view of nanopores of Si3N4 membranes with different diameters using SEM. Reprinted with permission from Langmuir [155].
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Figure 16. Illustration of experiment for porous silicon (PSi) device used for investigation of transmembrane protein fused in LBM. (a) Electrochemical cell formation; (b) Top-view of fabricated porous silicon using SEM; (c) Insight view of incorporation of ENaC with LBM on PSi.
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Figure 17. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EI)S of pore-spanning nano-BLMs on silicon substrate with diameter (A) 200 nm; (B) 400 nm; (C) 700 nm at different time periods; (D) Membrane resistance at different time periods with different nano pores in a frequency range of 10−2–106 Hz. Reprinted with permission from Langmuir [155].
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Figure 18. Change in capacitance and peak voltage (amplitude) upon insertion of vesicles on substrate. (a) POEPC vesicles on ODT SAM; (b) POEPC vesicles on 30 nm SiO2; (c) POPC vesicles on 5 nm SiO2; (d) Behavior change in capacitance and amplitude of case; (b) and (c) in first 8 min after introduction of vesicles. Reprinted with permission from Langmuir [179].
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Figure 19. Nyquist plot with frequency range 0.1–100 kHz of the complete system. Reprinted with permission from Nano Science and Technology Institute [48].
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Figure 20. Prototype description of real time in vivo monitoring of different proteins fused in lipid bilayer membrane (LBM) on each side of porous silicon membrane.
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Table Table 1. Membrane’s capacitance and resistance using EIS published in recent years.
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ReferenceSupporting surfacePore size (nm)Lipid membraneProteinMembrane capacitance (μFcm−2)Membrane resistance (GΩcm2)
[25]Porous alumina55–280Bilayer (DPPTE and DPHPC)Gramicidin (A, B, C, D)0.65 ± 0.20.16
[155]Porous silicon nitride200–700Bilayer (DOPC)Gramicidin (A, B, C, D)5.938.8–53.6 *
[80]Glass slides coated with Indium-Tin-Oxide-Composed of 42 mol % DMPC, 49 mol % cholesterol, and 9 mol % DHADAB on regenerated cellulose by vesicle fusionGramicidin D0.5744 × 10−5
[150]Porous alumina200Bilayer (DOPC and TR-DHPE)α-hemolysin-9.0
[152]Teflon with gold coated0.02PhosphatidylcholinesGramicidin D & Proteoliposome(1.8 ± 0.2) × 10−325.9 ± 4.1
[48,159]Porous silicon0.0002–0.002Bilayer (DPPS and DPPE)ENaC0.634 × 10−6*
[179]Alkanethiol (gold)-Monolayer (POEPC)Gramicidin D2.1 ± 0.04-
SiO2-Bilayer (POEPC and POPC)1.29 ± 0.2-
1.16 ± 0.3-
Bilayer (POPG)-2.4 (ordered)-
[180]Porous alumina (ordered/non ordered)20–50Bilayer (DPPTE and DOPC)-0.99 (non-ordered with gold covered alumina), 0.90 (non-ordered)4 × 10−4*
*Measured in GΩ only. Complete unit for membrane’s resistance was not provided.
This work was supported by the University of Alabama in Huntsville Office of the Vice President for Research.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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} | 158 | For as much feature slashing and resulting public outcry involved in getting this thing out the door for a "reasonable price," it sure didn't amount to much: Art Lebedev just announce its uber-hyped Optimus 103 keyboard will debut in May of 2007 for $1,200. That's twelve hundies, for those keeping track at home, ten times the current price of the Optimus mini three 1.5. Sure, nobody expected this thing to be cheap, but $1,200 might be asking a bit much. Luckily, prices will be dropping to a "mere" sub-grand in September of 2007, and at that rate we'll be able to afford one of these things right around the time that thought-based typing becomes the input method of choice. Well, at least our dreams of keyboard heaven were fun while they lasted. If you're just crazy enough to try it, you can pre-order the keyboard on December 12th.
[Thanks to everyone who sent this in]
Toshiba updates Satellite K16, K11, and J61 laptops | http://www.engadget.com/2006/11/29/optimus-103-keyboard-demands-1-200-pricetag-yes-you-read-th/ | robots: classic
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} | 815 | Nurses slag off chav mong in answer message
from the mail
When Sharon Roberts missed a hospital appointment she got a routine phone call to rearrange the consultation, but the message left on her phone was far from expected.
The telephone operators were heard joking about their teenage patient being smelly and having black teeth when they forgot to replace the telephone receiver before launching into a good gossip.
and a transcript of the message
It's a message for Sharon. Could you please ring health advisor about your appointment that you missed this morning on (number deleted). Thank you.
"That girl didn't think she had a problem. One unit - that's half a lager, half a beer, or one of them small glasses of wine or a shot of spirit. She drinks 100 a week. A lady should be 14 max.
"Hello, sorry... but she weren't no lady."
"I know." LAUGHTER...
"Was she really bad?"
"She was drunk as well."
"She can't have said to you that she drinks 100 units, she must have put it in."
"No, well I said 'oh you drink 100 units', but she won't have said that. It will be the doctor who will have guessed that from what she told him. I don't know how he's got to that."
"Here, alcohol intake - the patient doesn't think she has a problem and is not really interested in help. She wasn't bothered.
"How old is she?"
"The boyfriend said that as well. He's Kurdish Iraqi the boyfriend." MUFFLED...
"Was he canny enough?"
"Oh yeah, but come on, who else is going to have her, bless her. She smells, she had black teeth. She's a typical either druggie or alkie because she's dead skinny."
To be honest they arent wrong and went a bit easy on her.
Any pictures of said Sharon Roberts so we can ascertain if:
a The accusations are true
b Any red blooded male would slip her a crippler.
Thanks in anticipation.
oh sorry linky didnt work notice she isnt smiling but you can see the pound signs in her eyes now she has been traumatised. And is there anybody who would? count me out because one and only thing i am fussy about is dental hygene
Oh God :omfg: ...... but I would. With the whole black teeth thing, I'm hoping one good punch would drop the lot out, so I'd be up for a blowjob :wink:
I have no standards/morals/shame
Yep - £200k for lost future earnings (was gonna get a job, honest!)
£100k for psychiatric treatment to deal with the trauma
£100k for 'hurt feelings'
£600k for Stella, fags and her mate Dave's pimped up Saxo.
"These kind of things are supposed to be confidential. It should be between me, the doctor and the nurse. I'm completely disgusted. I certainly won't be going back there again."
Gotta say I loved that bit, she's worried about confidentiality, yet her first thought appears to be "Get my story in the press, with a picture (albeit mouth closed to hide black teeth) and KER-CHING"
Fooking chavs, I hate 'em. Truth hurts love, still at least EVERYONE now knows that you stink and you have a drink problem.
A link on that page to another Daily Mail story is entitled 'Why no child is safe from the sinister cult of emo'. Oh FFS...classic Daily Hate!
Book Reviewer
Nearly needed a new laptop then. First time I've ever dropped it from laughing. But yes I agree either smack head or alchie. Think he is sh*gging her to get an extension on his visa?
id shag it, from behind, in a full body condom, while hitting her with a cricket bat, just to humiliate her, though i reckon she'd probably love it, perhapse we should pas her on to MDN?
worm said:
I have no standards/morals/shame
Surely a gum-job
'You've never had a blow-job until you have had one from a bint with false teeth!'
L/Sgt Clo**h 1st Btn Coldstream Guards, my step father RIP
she looks stoned in the photograph, do you think that is her tarting herself up for the cameras or does she just not care that she looks like a skank, though i doubt she has enough money for the makeup/ surgery needed to square her away.
Perhapse after a few more kids she will be earning enough off our backs to get that op she always wanted
I hope the poor, traumatised, alcohol dependant, individual gets several thousand pounds for her ordeal. Then she might overdose on drugs and alcohol and we'll have one less to support through our taxes.
they were not nurses. Nurses would have more sense. they were clerical
t4wts. do not and I say again do not knock our nurses. one saved my life
and two others I married. Just love wedding cake
Similar threads
Latest Threads | https://www.arrse.co.uk/community/threads/nurses-slag-off-chav-mong-in-answer-message.85587/ | robots: classic
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} | 279 | The tools of strategic planning include techniques commonly used to help you and your organization set goals, choose the means to achieve them and make sure your work progresses.
SWOT Analysis
A tool that’s been around awhile, and used in a myriad of circumstances, is the SWOT analysis. If you’ve spent any time planning, I bet you have some SWOT experience.
It’s simple. Identify your Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. That’s your SWOT analysis. The key to a great SWOT analysis is to include as many perspectives as possible: staff, board, clients and constituents, contractors, community members, donors and funders.
Mind Maps
Mind Maps are another great tool for Strategic Planning. These are visual tools showing relationships. Your mind map presents words, ideas or images linked to a theme or idea. Mind maps are a form of brainstorming that starts with a probing question or problem, usually presented written and at the center of paper or whiteboard. As you brainstorm, your ideas and concepts are added and branches from the main theme.
After your SWOT analysis and Mind Mapping, it’s time to set your goals. They are a must in strategic planning. Use the SMART goals system: Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant and Timebound. Your goals should grow out of the vision and mission of your organization.
Bring It Together
1. Using goals as your starting point, develop strategies to reach your goal(s).
2. Take these strategies and set objectives by answering these questions…
• what will each activity accomplish
• how does that relate to the goal
• how will you determine success
3. Measure your success.
Connect everything with the resources (people, skills and funding) necessary to make it happen. | https://inciteconsultinggroup.com/2019/06/19/the-tools-of-planning-strategically/ | isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-43
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} | 664 | Bahamas Vacations
The Bahamas is a popular tourist destination. It is estimated that 2.6 and 3 million people visit the islands annually. About half of the people who visit the Bahamas arrive via cruise ships . The majority of visitors to the Bahamas are from North America. However, the United States visitors to the Bahamas has been steadily increasing in relation to Canada due to the stronger value of the US dollar in relation to the Canadian dollar. The main economy of the Bahamas is tourism and it has been heavily promoted by the local government and they have instituted methods to insure a stable economy and a positive investment environment. The major destination that receives the most tourists in the Bahamas is New Providence / Nassau which is a stopping point for many cruise lines.
Bahamas Vacation Rentals and Boutique Hotels
Bahamas Vacations: Things to see while on vacation in Bahamas
Bahamas Geography
The Bahamas are a series of over 700 islands located off the southeastern coast of Florida and the islands stretch for 500 miles across the Atlantic Ocean from Florida to just north of Cuba. There are hundreds of islands within the Bahamas group but only a few of them are inhabited. The major islands are Bimini, Cat Island, the Abacos, Nassau, Paradise Island and Eleuthera. The original geology of these islands were coral reefs which contributes to the beautiful pink sandy beaches. A vacation in the Bahamas is one idyllic destinations for those looking to just relax in the sun and lay on the beach. The breakdown on the number of Islands versus cays are as follows: 29 islands, 661 cays, and 2,387 rocks in the Bahamas. A cay is defined as a coral island.
Bahamas History and Culture
Christopher Columbus landed on the islands in 1492 and he was met by the Lucayan-Arawak Indians, who were considered part of the Arawak culture. The Spaniards were searching for gold and did not stay long in the Bahamas but moved on to the island of Hispaniola, where they established a gold mine. Eventually they returned to the Bahamas to get the natives to work in the mines. The indigenous Lucayan suffered greatly at the hands of the Spanish and many of them died.
The English Puritan Pilgrims landed on the islands in 1629. They had set out to find a destination where they could practice their religion and they landed on Eleuthera. The British sent considerable funds and supplies to this group to encourage their settlements. English king granted rights to English Lords for the control of the Bahamas. But it was during this era the islands became known for their piracy and the pirates would attack the Spanish vessels that were loaded with gold. The pirates of the Bahamas would lure boats to the shores and the boats would wreck on the coral reefs. One of the most famous pirate was known as Blackbeard.
Diving in the Bahamas is a very popular sport. The coral reefs that surround the islands were notoriously dangerous for ships that would come within a proximity of the islands. Explore those sunken ship wrecks, visit the coral reefs.
Bahamas Landmarks
Thunderball Grotto
The grotto is an underwater cave system that is known for its coral reefs and marine life. Numerous fish species can be found in the grotto which makes it a great place for scuba diving. The grotto gets its name from the James Bond film “Thunderball” which was filmed in this location.
The Andros Barrier Reef
This reef system lies of the coast of Andros Island and is known for being one of the largest fringe barrier reefs. The reef system stretches for 190 miles and runs off the eastern coast of Andros Island. The fish population in this reef system is very diverse.
Andros Island Blue Holes
Sinkholes or underground caves found submerged below the ocean, which divers can explore. The Bahamas has 100s of them but the most famous is the Andros Blue Hole. | https://www.vacations-abroad.com/bahamas/default.aspx | robots: classic
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} | 1,615 | Christian Religious Addiction in Hawaii?
read ( words)
Surveys show that religion and spirituality play a central role in the lives of most of the population in human experience. Gallup (1989) found that 53% of the U.S. population considers religion to be very important in their life, and another 31% considered it fairly important (p. 176). The religious and spiritual dimensions of culture were found to be among the most important factors that structure human experience, beliefs, values, behavior, and illness (Browning et al., 1990; James, 1961; Krippner and Welch, 1992).
Researchers however, report that some individuals have problems that concern their religion. Members of the American Psychological Association reported that at least one in six of their clients presented issues that involve religion or spirituality (Shafranske and Maloney, 1990). In another study, 29% of psychologists agreed that religious issues are important in the treatment of all or many of their clients (Bergin and Jensen, 1990, p. 3). Psychotherapy can sometimes be effective in treating religious problems. Robinson (1986) noted, "Some patients have troublesome conflicts about religion that could probably be resolved through the process of psychotherapy" (p.22).
Religious problems can be as various and complex as mental health problems. One type of psychoreligious problem involves patients who intensify their adherence to religious practices and orthodoxy (Lukoff, Lu, and Turner 1992, p. 677). Generally when people speak of addictive diseases they imply a medical problem. In the past few years the term addiction has been used to characterize behaviors that go beyond chemicals. Dr. Robert Lefever (1988) views addiction as a "family disease" involving self-denial and caretaking, domination, and submission (p. ix). Gerald May (1988) states that addiction is a "state of compulsion, obsession, or preoccupation that enslaves a person's will and desire" (p.14). Shaef (1987) defines addiction as "any process over which we are powerless" (p. 18). She divides addictions into two categories: substance addictions -alcohol, drugs, nicotine, food) and process addictions -money-accumulation, gambling, sex, work, worry, and religion.
Research in the area of religious addiction is deficient, however there were a few older related studies found in the literature. Simmonds (1977) reports that there is some evidence to indicate that "religious people in general tend to exhibit dependency on some external source of gratification" (p. 114). Black and London (1966) found a high positive correlation between the variables of obedience to parents and country and indices of religious belief such as church attendance, belief in God and prayer (p. 39). Goldsen, et al. (1960) showed that people who were more religious consistently showed tendencies toward greater social conformity than did the nonreligious, a finding consistent with the notion that religious people seek external approval. These results are supported by Fisher (1964 p. 784), who reported that a measure of social approval and religion were strongly associated. Religious people show dependence not only on social values, but also on other external agents. Duke (1964, p. 227) found that church attendance indicated more responsiveness to the effects of a placebo. In a study of 50 alcoholics, it was found that those who were dependent on alcohol were more likely to have had a religious background (Walters, 1957, p. 405).
The few research studies aforementioned seem to suggest that religious people develop a dependency on religious practices for social approval. Since religious people seem to be describable in terms of relatively high levels of dependence, it seems useful to borrow a concept suggested by Peele and Brodsky (1975)- that of "addiction." According to these writers addiction is "a person's attachment to a sensation, an object, or another person... such as to lessen his appreciation of and ability to deal with other things in his environment, or in himself, so that he has become increasingly dependent on that experience as his only source of gratification" (p. 168).
There are a variety of definitions for the concept of religious addiction. Arterburn and Felton (1992) state that "when a person is excessively devoted to something or surrenders compulsively and habitually to something, that pathological and physiological dependency on a substance, relationship, or behavior results in addiction" (p. 104). They indicate that, "like any other addiction, the practice of religion becomes central to every other aspect of life...all relationships evolve from the religion, and the dependency on the religious practice and its members removes the need for a dependency on God...the religion and those who practice it then become the central power for the addict who no longer is in touch with God" (p. 117).
Spirituality can also have pathological aspects to it. Vaughan (1991) reports that "the shadow side to a healthy search for wholeness can be called addiction to spirituality" (p. 105). He indicates that this can be found among people who use spirituality as a solution to problems they are unwilling to face. Van-Kaam (1987) presents a viewpoint of addiction as a quasi religious or falsified religious presence. He reports that "an understanding of the relationship between religious presence and addiction allows potential dangers of receptivity to be identified in order to realize the real value of true religious presence and the shame of its counterfeit, addiction" (p. 243). McKenzie (1991) discusses addiction as an unauthentic form of spiritual existence. He says that, "addiction is born of the human desire for transcendence which is often perverted or misplaced by societies that encourage their members to seek ultimate meaning in dimensions that have no regard for the transcendent" (p. 325). Heise (1991, p. 11) explores the fundamentalist Christian's focus on perfectionism, and it's possible contribution to an increase in dysfunctional individuals, family systems, and addictions.
Until recently, research in this area has primarily focused on religious cults. Estimates of the number of cults range from several hundred to several thousand, with a total membership up to three million (Allen and Metoyer, 1988, p. 38; Melton, 1986). According to Margaret Singer, Ph.D., a psychologist specializing in cult phenomena, "the word cult describes a power structure,...what really sets a cult apart is that one person has proclaimed himself to have some special knowledge, and if he can convince others to let him be in charge, he will share that knowledge" (Collins & Frantz, 1994, p. 30). The Jim Jones People's Temple mass suicide has been documented in the news, and more recently David Koresh's Branch Davidian Christian cult. Cults, both destructive and benign, have been with us in various guises since time immemorial. Many psychologists and psychiatrists have become knowledgeable about destructive cults in the course of their work with patients affected by the problem.
Within the past few years, however, traditional Church members have faced their compulsive behavior and harmful beliefs. Doucette (1992) reports that "many people are waking up because they have seen their religious leaders fall. Some researchers believe that the magnitude of the tragedy of religious addiction and abuse was revealed by the TV evangelist scandals documented in the news media which involved: Jim and Tammy Bakker; Jimmy Swaggart; and Oral Roberts (Brand 1987, p. 82; Woodward 1987, p. 68; and Kaufman 1988, p. 37). These personal confessions have exposed not only how these supposed men of God had betrayed people's trust, but how many of those who had been abused, betrayed, and bankrupted never seemed to question what was happening and continued to support these individuals.
Booth (1991) states that "the Bakker, Swaggart, and Roberts scandals created a national intervention that served to interrupt the progress of this unhealthy phenomenon" (p. 38). What had previously been viewed as fanaticism or zealotry increasingly began to be called religious addiction and religious abuse. Booth (1991) defines religious addiction as "using God, a church, or a belief system as an escape from reality, or as a weapon against ourselves or others in an attempt to find or elevate a sense of self-worth or well-being" (p. 38).
Other researchers use the terms spiritual and psychological abuse to describe the characteristics of religious addiction. Enroth (1992) says that his book "Churches That Abuse is about people who have been abused psychologically and spiritually in churches and other Christian organizations" (p. 29). He reports that "unlike physical abuse that often results in bruised bodies, spiritual and pastoral abuse leaves scars on the psyche and soul...the perversion of power that we see in abusive churches disrupts and divides families, fosters unhealthy dependence of members on the leadership, and creates, ultimately, spiritual confusion in the lives of victims" (p. 29). The scandals involving TV evangelists created a national intervention by bringing religious addiction and abuse too close to home to be ignored. Those scandals spurred people to act and call for change.
During this period, I had the unique opportunity to conduct a literature review and survey on the relatively newly recognized phenomenon of religious addiction within Christianity in the State of Hawaii for my dissertation while pursuing my doctor of psychology degree (Psy.D) in clinical psychology. After studying the symptoms, beliefs, and stages of religious addiction along with the characteristics of religiously addictive organizations, I came to believe that having an intense faith or religious ferver is not equal to having a religious addiction. Most people experience healthy religion and a spiritual life in which obedience to God is balanced with a freedom to serve others in ways of individual experession.
I also discovered however, that church leaders in Hawaii that were self-appointed (not elected/ appointed by their church) significantly identified more with religious addictive beliefs, symptoms and practices compared to their counterparts.
For more info see: Hawaii and Christian Religious Addiction
Addictions Recovery Management Services
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} | 170 | Rice is a grain that is cultivated in more than 100 countries and is one of the world’s staple foods. It can be grown on hillsides, in soil, or in irrigated waters, either deep or shallow. The different cultivation techniques, as well as cross-breeding, have resulted in thousands of varieties of rice, including sticky rices, wild rices and fragrant rices: all can be categorised as long-, medium- or short-grain. Long-grain rices such as basmati are thin, dainty and pointed. Medium-grain and short-grain rices are plumper, starchier and more absorbent. Examples of medium-grain rices are risotto and paella rices such as arborio and calasparra. Short-grain rices include pudding rice and sushi rice.
While many people in the West think of rice as a simple side dish, it’s exciting when cooked as a meal in its own right and readily absorbs other flavours. In some cultures, rice is considered so sacred that it is served as the main part of the meal and cooked as plainly as possible.
Showing all 13 results | https://www.haymeadowfarm.co.uk/?product_cat=rice | robots: classic
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} | 52 | Tumblelog by Soup.io
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The Dharma Bums, Jack Kerouac (b. 12 March 1922).
Don't be the product, buy the product! | http://dictiosus.soup.io/post/653321173/One-day-I-will-find-the-right | isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-47
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} | 829 | Japan eyes new North Korea with caution
Japan's most concerned about the next day's headlines.
TOKYO — Japan, like the rest of the world, was taken by surprise by news of Kim Jong Il's death.
And as an historical nemesis of the communist state, it has as much reason as any to fear a destabilizing power struggle in Pyongyang or the emergence of a young Kim even more belligerent in tone and deed than his father.
Within hours of the announcement of Kim's death, Japanese officials voiced hope that the handover of power in the world's only communist dynasty would not complicate pressing regional concerns, not least North Korea's nuclear ambitions.
Read more: Why do the North Koreans weep?
"The Japanese government hopes that this unexpected development will not have a negative impact on peace and security on the Korean peninsula," the chief cabinet secretary, Osamu Fujimura, told reporters.
The prime minister, Yoshihiko Noda, cancelled what was to be his first speech since taking office in early September and convened an emergency meeting of security officials.
The country's self-defense forces and coastguard were told to step up surveillance in waters dividing Japan from the Korean peninsula.
But as is so often the case when North Korea takes the world by surprise, Japan said little of substance until it had spoken to its closest ally, the United States.
Read more: GlobalPost's full coverage of Kim Jong Il's death
That consultation, between the US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and Japan's foreign minister, Koichiro Gemba, produced a predictable united front on Washington yesterday.
Japan, which has no diplomatic relations with the North, is part of the stalled six-party talks on North Korea's nuclear weapons program, and has joined international sanctions imposed in an attempt to pressure the regime into ditching its nuclear ambitions.
North Korean has previously sent ballistic missiles over Japanese territory during tests of its rocket technology, and rattled nerves in Japan with its nuclear tests in 2006 and 2009.
Japan's part in the negotiations has been complicated by its additional demand for a resolution of the North's Cold War abductions of Japanese citizens, who were used to train communist spies.
Kim Jong Il returned five of the abductees to Japan following a meeting in Pyongyang with the then Japanese prime minister, Junichiro Koizumi, in 2002.
Japan, however, says the regime has yet to offer satisfactory explanations about the fate of at least a dozen more of its citizens. Pyongyang insists that eight of them had died, while others were never abducted.
Kaoru Hasuike, one of the repatriated abductees, said in a statement after Kim's death: "I hope the Japanese government will carefully analyze the state of affairs in North Korea and do its best to secure the safety of abductees still left there."
Professor Hajime Izumi, a Northeast Asia specialist at Shizuoka University, said it was too early to tell whether Japan should be alarmed by the new regime in Pyongyang.
"We have no idea how Kim Jong Un will run the state, whether or not he will devise his own foreign policy," Izumi told GlobalPost. "Japan was clearly shocked by the news, but its response, to prepare for all contingencies, was appropriate."
North Korea's relations with Japan, as with the rest of the region, will be determined by its nuclear ambitions.
"The most serious threat to Japan would be if North Korea were to stick with its nuclear weapons program and continue to build its own light water [nuclear] reactors and enrich uranium," Izumi said. "It already has missiles capable of reaching Japan, so the ability to arm them with nuclear warheads would pose a grave threat."
There are causes for guarded optimism, however. Plans for a meeting between Japan, the US and South Korea could signal a willingness to kick-start six-party nuclear talks, which haven't been held since 2009.
At present, North Korea must meet preconditions for the talks to begin again — an end to uranium enrichment and a start to denuclearizing — but Izumi suggested concessions could be possible.
"We have to think about the best way of promoting a prudent and non-confrontational North Korea through the six-party talks," he said. "One possibility is to revive them without preconditions."
Japan's announcement on Tuesday that it will replace its aging fleet of fighter planes with 42 US-made stealth fighters is seen as further evidence of concerns over North Korea.
"The security arrangement surrounding future fighter jets is transforming," the defense minister, Yasuo Ichikawa, told reporters. "The F-35 has capabilities that can firmly respond to those changes."
Those concerns are well-founded, says Poornima Subramaniam, an Asia-Pacific analyst at IHS Jane's in London. She warned of a possible repeat of the 2010 surprise attacks on the Cheonan and Yeonpyeong island, or the "considerable risk of accidental clashes, considering the militaries of both North and South Korea are likely on emergency alert status."
But, she added, the possibility of conflict in the region "appears unlikely as North Korea appears to have been preparing for this succession since 2008, when Kim-Jong Il's health condition deteriorated. More likely is a period of calm as its military resolves its new internal power structures." | https://www.pri.org/stories/2011-12-20/japan-eyes-new-north-korea-caution | robots: classic
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} | 205 | Stormy Weather: The New Hampshire Primary and Presidential Politics (Book Title)
Program Description:
New Hampshire: First in the presidential primaries, it sets the stage and affects candidates' odds of success or failure. Every four years, this small, proudly distinctive state is the center of America's political universe. Candidates' performances, especially in comparison to expectations, influence the competition for the country's highest office. Scala explains the importance and peculiarities of New Hampshire, providing both historical context and insights, based on extensive interviews, into the tensions between local politics and the national agendas of candidates. New Hampshire's sympathy for reformist candidates has the paradoxical effect of jumpstarting the campaigns of those candidates least representative of voters nationally, and Scala explores the tremendous implications for presidential politics. Scala explains what it takes for candidates to make the Granite State a launching pad rather than a crash landing. (Palgrave MacMillian 2003)
Dante Scala
Dante Scala is an associate professor of political science at the University of New Hampshire and a research fellow at the NH Institute of Politics. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 2000. His research interests include campaigns and elections, voting behavior, political demographics, and American political development.
Other topics offered by Dante Scala | http://www.unh.edu/presidentialevents/speakersbureau/programdetails.cfm?pid=634 | robots: classic
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Josiah Wedgwood (1730-1795): The Industrialist
Josiah Wedgewood
Josiah Wedgwood was an English potter and industrialist born at Burslem, Stoke-on-Trent. He had very high standards of workmanship and a keen interest in scientific advancements. He became well respected and his customers embraced the rich and famous, including royalty. He was also a keen abolitionist.
Because he was a respected business man, people listened to his views and he was able to convince friends and colleagues of the evils of the Slave Trade. He also had the money to provide financial assistance. From 1787, he actively participated in this cause, becoming a member of one of the abolition committees. His interest possibly developed through his friendship with Thomas Bentley, his business partner, and his association with Thomas Clarkson.
He read widely on the subject and became a shareholder in the Sierra Leone Company, (which provided a colony for the habitation of enslaved people who had been made free). On the 9th January 1792, Clarkson suggested that he might consider helping to distribute a pamphlet compiled by William Fox, calling for a sugar boycott. A man of ideas, Wedgwood wrote back suggesting the pamphlet would have more impact if the society's emblem (which showed an enslaved person in chains, kneeling, with his hands lifted up to heaven) was included in the front. The emblem's motto read: "Am I Not a Man and a Brother?" He proposed to have a woodcut made at his own expense and ordered 2000 more pamphlets.
Using his knowledge of the pottery trade, Wedgwood also had the design reproduced in a porcelain cameo. He donated hundreds of these to the Society for distribution. It became the most famous image of the campaign. The emblem was worn by fashionable ladies as a brooch or hair piece and, as Thomas Clarkson said, was the first time that "fashion, which usually confines itself to worthless things, was seen ... promoting the cause of justice, humanity and freedom." Josiah Wedgwood also conversed with William Wilberforce but did not see the end of the Slave Trade, as he died on 3rd January, 1795.
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} | 263 | Tuesday, 20 October 2015
Man dies aboard Aer Lingus flight after biting passenger
In a bizarre incident Sunday, a 24 year old man who was "running amok" on an Aer Lingus flight from Lisbon, Portugal to Dublin, Ireland died aboard the plane.
According to the Irish Mirror, the man was acting violent on the flight and tried to bite at least one fellow passenger. A pilot told controllers the man had "injured one or two passengers," according to the paper.
The man was reportedly restrained by crew members but fell unconscious, and was later declared dead.
The plane was forced to make an emergency landing in Cork, Ireland. The Mirror says all 168 passengers and crew members were taken off the flight. At least one passenger was taken to a local hospital and treated for injuries.
After he was taken off the plane, a number of 'packages' were recovered from the man's body.
An autopsy on the Brazilian's body has been completed and the packages have been sent for forensic analysis.
John Leonard who was travelling on flight EI-485 when the incident happened said:
"He was actually on the ground shaking violently. The noise he was making was like something I have never heard before. It's not something you'd hear everyday. It was like deep anguish is the best way I could describe it, very, very troubled. Not screaming in a sense, you know if you'd hurt yourself or something, just very guttural, from deep within him."
He said: "To die that way in the back of an aeroplane, it's not right. "It was not very pleasant at all, it was a "very violent end".." | http://ekpedemealbert.blogspot.com/2015/10/man-dies-aboard-aer-lingus-flight-after.html | robots: classic
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} | 280 | Articles on Tastes of a Nation
Displaying all articles
Food tattoos run the gamut of knuckle tattoos to cake mixers. Peter Woodman/Flickr
Kitchen ink: foodies, chefs and tattoos
From images of knives to cupcakes, foodies are increasingly etching their identity on their skin. And for chefs, tattoos are markers of non-conformity, self promotion and resilience, as a new book testifies.
We talk about food with moralising – and judgemental – language. Shutterstock
Tastes like moral superiority: what makes food ‘good’?
Locavore, freegan, kangatarian, flexitarian ... what we eat has become a moral minefield. Religions have long enforced food-related prohibitions, but in a secular context we could do with a little less moralising at the kitchen table.
Mike Segar/AAP
Dude food vs superfood: we’re cultural omnivores
Two very popular – and seemingly contradictory – food trends are gripping Australia at the same time. Ultra healthy and extravagantly indulgent eateries are actually fulfilling the same elite-driven desire for food that's creative, hand-made and rare.
How many Australian children know what meat is before it shows up on their plate? Shutterstock
‘Mummy, where does steak come from?’ How Australian families talk about meat
We're a nation of meat eaters but city dwellers may have trouble discussing the origin of a steak with their offspring. And though there are programs teaching children how vegetables grow, there aren’t too many that involve raising an animal for food.
Non-Indigenous Australians have been ignoring native food options for hundreds of years. David Gray
Can we be Australian without eating indigenous food?
Australians will happily eat boat noodle soup with beef blood stirred through it or stinking tofu – but not quandongs or akudjura. Yet overcoming 'food racism' and eating native produce could be a powerful act of culinary reconciliation.
Top contributors | http://theconversation.com/uk/topics/tastes-of-a-nation-27471 | robots: classic
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} | 57 | This has to be the worst fake punt I have ever seen. On Saturday, Arkansas State attempted a fake punt against Miami. Look closely at the slot receiver towards the bottom of the screen. Yes, that player played dead on a football fieldto try and trick the opponent.
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} | 60 | We were in Target grocery shopping before the super bowl. You caught my eye instantly ;). I thought MAYBE you were checking me out too. Then when I went to check out, someone else got between us otherwise I would have chatted you up.
Tell me something about the person between or maybe the cashier. Would love to meet up. | http://candy95.com/2013/02/target/ | robots: classic
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} | 107 | William Johnson
Photo of william-johnson
Artist Snapshot
William Johnson's songs began as an outlet for experimenting with varied guitar based sounds. Often songs would complete themselves as Johnson's only goal was to craft something that spoke to him. The result is a catalog full of pleasant surprises. Similar to a dream, each song finds you in a new place filled with familiar scenarios but often bewildering circumstances. The warm pluck of guitar strings sets up a forest scene. Next, a cozy synthesizer drops you down a waterfall on a distant planet.
Full Songography
1. Song / Artist
2. Genres
3. Arc™
4. Energy
5. Length
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Mercedes-Benz Clk 320 Elegance
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29.04.2001 23:43
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I wish I still had it, even 8 years old!
UPDATE: several years later (2009)!
Many people who read the original Op may have forgotton all about it. But I guess enough time has passed to reveal the 'legal' reason I had to give up this wonderful car prematurely.
The car came with a job which had a very bad ending. There were financial problems - the global management paid themselves rather than making repayments on the company's debts. The UK management was put under pressure to trade in ways we could not condone, and which may have been illegal. We chose not to do so and were dismissed, illegally and unfairly.
I reckoned I could keep the car until they found me, so had it for a total of 9 months. At one point the leasing company was ringing my mobile phone threatening me if I didn't tell them where I was - by sheer coincidence I was doing interim work next door to them!
My colleagues and I eventually won an expensive legal battle, but by that time that company had gone into administration and escaped without paying us a penny.
*UPDATE 14.07.01*
Well, I'm still driving the car. Just past 8000 miles and not a second of worry. Much of my recent travel has been 100-miles motorway trips. I lock the cruise on 80, point the front wheels and average about 37 mpg. That's quite acceptable, I think. But the 10 miles around the North Circular to get to the motoway gives me about 22-26 mpg in moderate early morning traffic. A trip to Brent Cross on Saturday afternoon is cheaper by taxi!
I like things that have quality and style. Everyone has a different perception of style, but my definition of quality is that the item does what it's meant to do to a high standard, reliably and consistently.
A car is such an expensive item, most of us have to compromise our ideals for reality. I can look back kindly on every car I've driven and recall things I liked: the Morris Minor, the Mini Cooper S, Austin Princess, Fords Cortina and Sierra, Peugeot 405, Vauxhall Cavalier, Renault 21, Volkswagen Passat. The one that came closest to my ideal of style was a Vauxhall Calibra V6 - it was very satisfying to drive, too, except that things had a habit of falling off at short notice and I was gutted by the residual after three years of hit-and-miss reliability, or lack of it!
After this, I decided that 'quality' must be my watchword in cars. I reasoned I'd rather have a quality second hand car than a new one that fell too short of my ideals. I bought a three-year-old Mercedes S280, which was wonderful - easy to drive, comfortable to ride in, totally reliable and impossibly expensive to fill that 100-litre tank every 400 miles! but I was hooked on the quality of a Mercedes.
At this stage in my career, I have had the opportunity to choose a quality new car. I remembered the excitement of driving the Calibra, and the kids have left home so we're a two-person
family again. With a budget of about £500 a month on a fully-maintained leased car, most manufacturers couldn't give me anything to approach the value of a Merc. I toyed briefly with the idea of a very old Aston Martin, but let's be real! This was my opportunity and, with the C- and E-classes so boring and offering relatively little in terms of excitement, I settled on a CLK 320.
I used the Virgin Cars website to 'build' my ideal model from scratch, just to get an idea. The array of optional extras was mind-boggling. I chose metallic paint and full leather interior; heated electric seats with four-position memory, wood/leather steering wheel; electric folding wing mirrors; 10 speaker sound system with 6-cd auto-changer; satellite navigation; rain-sensitive windscreen wipers; tilt'n'slide electric sunroof; automatic climate-controlled air conditioning; oh and of course .... front seat cup holders! I was staggered to find I'd over-spent my budget by about 30%. Anyway, Mercedes were quoting a 14-week delivery on a new-build order.
The leasing company we used said they had a CLK 320 on order already for delivery in about five weeks. It was green/black metallic, with full leather interior and 'parktronic' - otherwise it was the basic model. The only option I could add at that late stage of manufacture was the 6-cd auto-changer to be fitted in the boot, but even this put me slightly over my budget. I argued that I didn't really want the parktronic system, but I'd take the car off their hands if they took this off the cost. To my amazement and pleasure, they agreed and the order was confirmed.
They offered to arrange for me to fly out to visit the Mercedes factory, tour the Mercedes museum, stay overnight in a hotel, collect my car and drive it back, with a full tank of fuel and ferry ticket for the return, all at no extra cost. I thought this was a really innovative idea and very tempting,
but I couldn't really take the time off so had to decline with regret. I waited impatiently for my car to be delivered.
It arrived on time, to the day. I have to say right now that the car has lived up to all my expectations, and much more. It's just such an attractive-looking car from all angles, especially from the inside looking out! It drives like an exciting dream and it is totally reliable. You have the comfort of knowing that if anything went wrong at any time in the first TEN YEARS of the vehicle's life, Mercedes would call out a main dealer almost anywhere in the world to get you sorted and put you back on the road, so long as you've always had the car serviced by a main dealer. This is one of the main reasons this car is so inexpensive to own, of course, because it keeps the residual value so high relative to other makes. Consider also you'll never need to pay extra for 5-star cover to go abroad, or those other costs that mount up over the years, and it's a bargain!
The car's security system is operated with an electronic remote key fob with three buttons. You can programme the first button to open just the driver's door, or both doors, or the doors and boot and fuel flap all at once. It's quite comforting to have only the driver's door unlock as you get to the car in a dingy car park, but if you have company you just press the same button again to unlock the passenger door. The second button unlocks the boot and, if you hold it in for a second, the lid pops open - keep your chin out of the way of you're leaning over it! The third button locks everything with one push - hold the button down and it'll even close the windows before you walk away. If you accidentally push the button to unlock the car, don't worry because it'll automatically lock again if you don't open the door within a few seconds.
The seats and seating positions are very comfortable, even on
long journeys. Both front seats have electric lateral and height adjustments as standard, with wheels on the side of the seats to adjust base and backrest tilt angles. These wheels are fiddly and stiff, which is a bit of a disappointment but, once you have them in the right position for you, there's no need to worry again. If more than one driver is going to use the car regularly, I recommend the optional extra of full electric seats with the memory function, but this is OK for us.
The dashboard has a very easy layout. White dials with black and red needles and numbers for speed, revs, oil pressure and water temperature, digital clock and outside temperature gauge. An array of warning lights would tell you if anything is going wrong - you're only likely to see these when you first switch the engine on! In the middle, looked at straight through the steering wheel, is the main digital multi-finction display screen.
The multi-function display is standard. It's controlled by switches on the steering wheel and allows you to choose as much or as little information as you need. When you switch on the engine, there's a reassuring display to tell you whether the managememt system has diagnosed any faults, that the oil level is OK and how long you have to the next service - there's no fixed interval, it depends entirely on your driving style and conditions.
Switch function and you can see your total mileage, average speed and fuel consumption, the same information since you last re-set the 'trip' meter, your remaining fuel load and how far you can go before refuelling at your current level of consumption, or you can select a simple digital display of your current speed.
Another switch of mode controls the sound systems, selecting radio/pre-set station/search, cassette/ffwd/rwd/search, cd/disc/track and, of course, volume.
Another switch and you have the fitted mobile phone controls. I didn'
t have this as it was too late to order, anyway you only have a choice of two Nokia phone models and it's very expensive. If it's fitted, however, you can make calls using the steering wheel switches to scroll through your phone book in the dashboard display, or answer a call with the display showing the caller's name if they're in your book.
Selecting gears is easy. First decide your mood - keep it in 'E' for economy if you're feeling laid-back and ecological, move it to 'S' for sport if you want more of a thrill and can afford the extra fuel costs! Then keep your foot on the brake as you pull the lever down from 'P' past 'R' and 'N' to 'D', remember how to release the parking brake in a Mercedes (pull the handle under the dash at your right hand!) and GENTLY push the accelerator, and you're away. The tiptronic allows you to manually select forward gears by nudging the gear lever away from you to go down, or towards you to move up.
Getting in and out of parking spaces is a doddle with the parktronic system. A sensor is fitted to the four corners of the car and these constantly measure the distance to the nearest obtacle. Information is fed to the driver through two displays at the bottom of the front windscreen and another two at the top of the rear window - the driver can see these easily in the rear view mirror. If you get within about a metre of any obstacle, the respective display's lights move towards a red 'danger' area and you get an intermittent beep. If you get within about 10 cms the lights turn red and the beep becomes constant. It's a slight nuisance to have the beeps going off when a pedestrian walks past too close when you're parked, but that's a small price to pay.
Now, that's the boring stuff. I didn't get this car because it's easy to change the cd and park, and you know I didn't. At the risk of annoyi
ng some of you (and you know who you are!) I'll 'fess up that I bought it because it accelerates like sh** off a shovel and will cruise (with the cruise control) at well over a ton with absolute ease. At that speed, there's plenty to spare to get out of trouble when some pillock threatens to pull out in front of you without looking. Of course, this car was designed and built in Germany, and I only drive at these speeds when I take the car to visit it's natural habitat, where speed limits are advisory on many autobahns. Honest ;-)
Roads are much safer in Germany, because Germans know how to drive. Trucks stay in the inside lane doing a constant 80k's - none are too old or over-loaded to keep this pace up, and none are so indisciplined as to break the speed limit and overtake their buddies. Thus, the middle lane is free for everyone who likes to drive at 120 - 150k's, checking their mirrors carefully before they pull into the outside lane to overtake. They check carefully because they know there's a high likelihood that a ton of five-litre metal with a three-point star will be thundering along at above 200k's - that's what they're designed for, after all! So on the rare occasion someone disturbs this idyll, there's a high probability that they're in a RHD Metro and have a GB sticker on the back!
It's very expensive, of course. With a little discipline you can return high 20's on average. Keep to the UK speed limit on a long motorway journey and you can get to the middle 30's. On my usual journeys pottering around London, the fuel consumption is an ecological disaster and the frequency of refuelling stops will make you cry. And the taxable benefit kills your P11D.
For legal reasons, I can't tell you why I'll soon have to part with this car. The dream will soon be over and I'll have to wake up. I won't miss the tax bill or the fuel costs. I will miss th
e sheer thrill of driving an extremely classy vehicle. And if I win enough on the lottery to get another one, with money left over to give to environmental charities so I don't feel so guilty, I'll definitely get another one - maybe even the 430!
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Kim to be 'tested like never before':Trump
US President Donald Trump has again assailed North Korean leader Kim Jong Un, saying he "will be tested like never before".
In an escalation of the war of words between the US and North Korea, Trump sent a pre-dawn tweet on Friday saying: "Kim Jong Un of North Korea, who is obviously a madman who doesn't mind starving or killing his people, will be tested like never before!"
Trump's broadside follows a rare statement by Kim, branding the US president "deranged" and warning he will "pay dearly" for his threat to "totally destroy" the North if it attacks. Hours later, North Korea's foreign minister reportedly said his country might test a hydrogen bomb in the Pacific Ocean.
The threat came soon after Kim declared he will consider the "highest level of hard-line countermeasure in history" against the US in response to President Donald Trump's threat to destroy the North.
Calling Trump "mentally deranged" and his comments "the most ferocious declaration of a war in history," Kim said his UN speech on Tuesday confirmed Pyongyang's nuclear program has been "the correct path".
"His remarks ... have convinced me, rather than frightening or stopping me, that the path I chose is correct and that it is the one I have to follow to the last," Kim said in the statement carried by the North's official KCNA news agency, promising to make Trump "pay dearly for his speech".
Trump had warned the North Korean leader in his UN address on Tuesday that the United States, if threatened, would "totally destroy" the country of 26 million people and mocked Kim as a "rocket man" on a suicide mission.
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} | 100 | Certainly the last few years has seen many pharmaceutical companies focusing more on the patient and developing 'patient-centric' strategies. Some have done a fabulous job elevating the patient voice within their companies, where others are still struggling to determine exactly how best to action against newly understood patient realities and needs. BioMarin is certainly taking the voice of blood disorder patients seriously. BioMarin and Believe Limited have launched the "Breaking Through" performing arts initiative for high schoolers with bleeding disorders, creating a workshop where teens can learn techniques for pain management and providing an outlet for communication and self-expression through the arts. | https://freshthinking.cellohealth.com/post/102ez1q/biomarin-breaking-through-for-patients-with-rare-diseases | isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-40
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} | 87 | 6 Affiliate Marketing Tips for Newbies
When I first got into affiliate marketing, I was so excited to start making a lot of money- and be as successful as other affiliates had promised- that I went in blind with little direction or help. I made a lot of mistakes before I finally got it right and started to make a lot of money. This is why I am going to give you some affiliate marketing tips you need to follow so that you don’t make the same mistakes I made. I want to help you make money quicker and easier. (more…) | http://internetmarketingfrenzy.com/tag/start-helping | isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-43
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The Benefits You Get When You Choose Residential New Construction
You will need to know the various reasons why it is better to get the new residential homes than those houses that are pre-owned. Regardless of where you are thinking of moving to, there are advantages of choosing the new home construction. You can be surprised how easy it will be to find a new home that meets all the requirements even if you concentrate on the price or certain features.
One of the benefits of choosing the new houses is that you get to have a good community. When you are choosing the new residential homes, you will be able to look at the different communities that are newly constructed. in these new neighborhoods, you are likely to find that they have numerous features that you cannot find in the old neighborhoods.
You will find that there are more amenities in the new residential houses as compared to those in the older houses. You will also be able to make sure that you have chosen the house that will meet the standards that you prefer. You will find that you are now able to customize your house in various ways are you will have more appliances and the amenities for you to make your choice from. When you choose the pre-owned houses, you will not get this advantage as someone would have made a choice for you.
You are assured of facing minimal issues with the house when you choose the residential house construction. All of the things that have been installed in the house are new and have been tested. Therefore, there is a less likely chance for you to experience some mold or other related issues when you move to the new house. Therefore, this will help you save your money as you will not need to use any cash for repairs. When you find that there are issues around the house, you need to know that you have a warranty and you need to inform the builder so that they file a complaint.
You will also realize that the new houses will tend to be more energy efficient. You will find that the new homes will be conformed to the energy efficiency standards that have been set by the governing bodies. You will find that you are facing a lot of complaints about this standard when you choose to get the pre-owned houses. If you choose to buy a house that has been newly constructed; you will find that during the cold months, your new house will have more efficient ways of preventing the warm air from escaping from the house to the outside environment.
5 Lessons Learned: Services
Getting To The Point – Services | http://juqd.info/where-to-start-with-services-and-more.html | isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-51
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} | 230 | direkt zum Inhalt springen
direkt zum Hauptnavigationsmenü
Sie sind hier
TU Berlin
Page Content
Java visualisations for electrodynamics
2-D visualisation of static electromagnetic fields
This Applet lets the user add and arrange charges, conductors, and dielectrics in any two dimensional geometry and display their fields with various representations like vector arrows, field lines, polarisation the potential and more.
The setup list contains a large collection of typical electro-static problems like multipoles etc.
Displays magnetic fields generated by currents flowing through various types of conductors. These fields can be visualized by various representations like vector arrows, field lines, test particles, and more.
Examples of those systems can be found in any conductor. A special case is the Helmholz coil, which produces an homogeneous magnetic field.
Electromagnetic waves
The applet shows waves from point- and plane sources and their diffraction and reflection patterns at various setups like edges, slits, and mirrors.
The (2D) plane shows the direction of the propagation and the direction of the electric field (TE). The amplitude of the magnetic field is indicated.
Electromagnetic waves (with waveguides)
This Applet displays wave fields of up to four sources. The waves travel within the plane of the B-field vector. The electric field vector is only shown in its absolute value through the color scale.
External resources for electrodynamics
Zusatzinformationen / Extras
Quick Access:
Schnellnavigation zur Seite über Nummerneingabe
Auxiliary Functions | https://www.itp.tu-berlin.de/menue/teaching/owl/e_dyn/parameter/en/minhilfe/ | isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-10
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} | 1,790 | Purpose of this blog
Dmitry Yudo aka Overlord, jack of all trades
David Lister aka Listy, Freelancer and Volunteer
Wednesday, January 22, 2014
[WoT] Nation vs Nation
Well, guess, you've heard that. What do you think of the idea - having factional battles in World of Tanks (and may be some other our games). For now, as a part of random battles - USSRvsGermanyvsUSvs...
Will this give us a definitive answer: are the devs biased or not and which tanks are the best? :)
Sunday, January 19, 2014
The Secret Service Yacht Club
From today Scott Wichall has volunteered his time free of charge for the daunting task of proof reader for these articles. So my Thanks to him.
On 4th of January, 1890, a plantation owner in Sri Lanka called John Agar was celebrating the birth of his 13th child.
The new born son was called Augustus Agar, and he would grow up to be one of the Royal Navy’s notable officers. Augustus' mother died shortly after he was born. Augustus was sent away to boarding school in Britain, but at the age of 12 his father died whilst he was in the UK. Now orphaned Augustus and his elder brother decided he should join the Royal Navy. Sponsored by a friend of the family Augustus joined the Royal Navy in 1904, and was sent as a cadet to an old wooden Man-of-war which was being used as a training ship.
His first taste of action was on a Pre-Dreadnought supporting the Gallipoli landings. After the failure of that campaign Agar's ship was back in the UK. None of the Royal Navy’s Pre-Dreadnoughts were ordered to join the grand fleet for the battle of Jutland, so Agar had to watch as the Fleet steamed out of harbour without him. He was then transferred to another Pre-Dreadnought cruiser as the Executive Officer. This cruiser was stationed in Murmansk to keep the sea lanes to Russia open. He arrived there in March 1917, as the Russian Revolution swung into life.
HMS Hibernia, Agar's ship during the Gallipoli landings
HMS Iphigenia, Agar's ship at Murmansk
A Russian protected cruiser called Askold was based at Murmansk. Agar had served alongside her against the Turks and knew several of the officers. When the Ship was grasped by mutiny and the officers arrested he could do nothing to help. Equally he could see the supplies being delivered by the British were being used by the Bolsheviks as well. At the start of 1918 the Royal Navy withdrew from the Russian ports, and Agar transferred to Coastal Motor Boats (CMB's).
These were small 40 foot plywood shells, resembling a canoe. The CMB had a hydroplane and an aircraft engine to power it, due to this they could reach speeds of 45 knots. Each craft had three "cockpits" for the three man crew. Although they often had a Lewis gun fitted to them, the main armament was a single torpedo in a trough at the back of the boat. The torpedo was shoved out of its trough, tail first, by a cordite charge. The CMB then had to turn hard and fast to avoid being hit by its own torpedo. Agar served in these boats until the end of the war, even taking part in the Raid on Zeebrugge.
The end of the war found Agar and the CMB's at Osea in Essex, with nothing in the immediate future. Agar had by now reached the rank of Lieutenant.
The Secret Service approached Lt Agar. Their problem was a British spy, a master of disguise, was in Bolshevik controlled Russia. Although the Bolshevik secret police, the Cheka, were looking for him they couldn't catch him. They had however caught seven of his couriers who had been carrying vital intelligence. Each courier had died in a messy and unpleasant manner. The British Secret Service wanted Agar to take a pair of CMB's to the deserted yacht club at Terijoki on the gulf of Finland to act as transport for couriers, and later in the year pick up their spy. The CMB's would theoretically be entirely under the control of the Secret Service. The mission was considered extremely hazardous, and only unmarried volunteers were called for. The crews of the CMB's would wear plain clothes, although they did have Royal Navy uniforms on board in case of capture. This was a futile gesture considering the situation. Lt Agar agreed and set about preparing his crews and two boats CMB4 and CMB7.
When the crews and boats were shipped through Sweden, Swedish Customs started asking searching questions. As the crews were in plain clothes, they claimed the boats were the latest type of pleasure boat, and the crews were salesmen. It's a very good thing the Customs officials didn't open the boxes listed as spare parts, as those contained the Royal Navy uniforms and Lewis guns. It should be noted that the CMB's were not going to carry torpedoes although the launching gear was stored with the Lewis guns.
There is a line of forts protecting the Russian base of Kronstadt. On June the 15th 1919, shortly after Lt Agar had arrived there were plans by the forces in them to revolt against the Bolsheviks. These have often been referred to as White Russians, but this was not the case. The area had its own identity, the Ingermanlanders wanted nothing more than independence, like Estonia and the other countries in the region had gained from Russia. The forts, and some local forces were drawing up plans to mutiny and try to seize their chance. However the Commander of the fort Krasnaya Gorka came under suspicion, and a Commissar arrived to detain him. With no other choice the fort rebelled. The early rebellion destroyed any chance of a coordinated uprising, and ended the Ingermanlanders dreams of independence.
The Bolsheviks were quick to respond, dispatching a pair of battleships to bombard the fort. After an initial savage beating the bombardment had tailed off towards the end of morning. The barrage recommenced about 1100.
11 Miles away at Terijoki, Lt Agar and several others were watching these goings on from the church above their base. Knowing the Estonian army were forming an attack plan to help the forts Lt Agar wondered if blowing the destroyers up might give the forts defenders a breathing space, allowing the Estonians to launch their attack. After Lt Agar had travelled to see the Royal Navy’s Baltic Fleet and spoken to its Commander, he was given a pair of torpedoes.
Russian Cruiser Oleg
On the morning of the 16th Lt Agar was once again on the Church tower. The two battleships had retired to Kronstadt but the heavy cruiser Oleg had taken their place. That night he decided to carry out his mission. Both CMB7 and CMB4 set out just after midnight. Due to their northern position, darkness at that time of year was only a few hours long. Shortly after setting out CMB7 hit a submerged object and sheared its propeller and rudder off. CMB4 towed the stricken boat back to harbour but by the time it was secured it was 0400 and the short night was over.
The following night the Oleg was still in position, so Lt Agar set out with the two other men of CMB4 to destroy the cruiser. A line of destroyers had formed a picket to protect the Oleg, Lt Agar swung round the extreme end of the picket line. As he was preparing to launch his attack disaster struck, Sub-Lieutenant Hampsheir stumbled and fired the cordite charge that launched the torpedo. Luckily, however, the torpedo was still tied down for travel, so it failed to launch. It bucked and strained at its bindings as the engine raced. Chief Officer Beeley quickly tackled the torpedo and brought it back under control. Chief Officer Beeley also repaired the firing mechanism with nothing more than a pair of pliers.
The damage had been done though as someone had heard the cordite charge going off, and searchlights began to sweep the area. As they probed closer Lt Agar brought CMB4 to a halt so the glowing white wake wouldn't give their position away. There they drifted while the others attempted to re-arm and re-prime the torpedo as the search lights drew nearer to them. Less than a mile away to the North lay the first destroyer of the picket line. About the same distance away to the south was the Bolshevik coast and its forts.
After about 5 minutes Sub Officer Beeley gave Lt Agar the thumbs up. Peering into the darkness Lt Agar could just about make out the cliff like side of the Oleg, ramming on full throttle he aimed CMB4 right down its throat.
Oleg, after suffering damage against the Japanese in 1905
At Lt Agar's signal the torpedo charge was fired for a second time, this time the torpedo launched without a hitch. By now the wake of CMB4 had been spotted and as Lt Agar swung round in a huge turn at full speed everything the Bolsheviks could bring to bear was fired at them. Tracer fire from machine guns sleeted past, explosions from HE shells showered the boat. Throwing the wheel left and right to throw the gunners aim off CMB4 drew a brilliant line through the water, Lt Agar swerved through the picket line charging between the destroyers who were closing in on him, and neither was more than 200 meters away.
Then a huge explosion lights the night behind CMB4, the Oleg is illuminated, and a huge black cloud is blown out of the smoke stacks. When they arrive at Terijoki CMB4's crew are met by several people who were watching from the Church tower. It looks like the Oleg had been hit in the magazine and had sunk! That the Oleg had been sent to the bottom was confirmed the next day by an aircraft flying over the location of the ship.
That aircraft might also have seen the force of Bolshevik sailors assaulting the fortress of Krasnaya Gorka through the holes torn in its wall by the bombardment. Despite getting over run the defenders were able to use escape tunnels to retreat to Estonia.
CMB4 towed the damaged CMB7 to the RN Baltic fleet for repairs, as they entered the anchorage the decks of the ships were filled with cheering sailors. The crew of one destroyer held up a hand painted sign with the words "Giant Killers!" written on it.
Lt Agar turned to Beeley and said "So much for secrecy."
Lt Agar won the Victoria Cross for his actions, Sub Officer Beeley the Conspicuous Gallantry Medal and Sub-Lt Hampsheir a Distinguished Service Cross. CMB4 is currently on display at the Imperial War Museum Duxford. | http://overlord-wot.blogspot.fi/2014_01_19_archive.html | robots: classic
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Article Content
Cantonese Chinese
Redirected from Cantonese language
Cantonese is one of the major dialects of the Chinese language. It is mainly spoken in the south-eastern part of Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, by the Chinese minorities in Southeast Asia and by many overseas Chinese worldwide. Its name is derived from Canton, an older name for the city of Guangzhou. It is a tonal language.
A Romanized phonetic system called "penkyamp" modeled on Pinyin is designed for Cantonese and will serve as the standard for transliteration from this dialect to any Latin-based writing system.
Cantonese is spoken by about 70 million people worldwide, less than for example Mandarin Chinese, but still a major language.
Linguistically, Cantonese is a more conservative dialect than Mandarin. This can be seen, for example, by comparing the words for "I/me" (我) and "hunger" (餓). They are written using very similar characters, but in Mandarin their pronunciation is quite different ("wo3" vs. "e4"), whereas in Cantonese they are pronounced identically except for the respective tones (ngo5 vs ngo6 respectively). Since the characters hint at a similar pronunciation, it can be concluded that their ancient pronunciation was indeed similar (as preserved in Cantonese), but in Mandarin the two syllables acquired different pronunciations in the course of time.
Cantonese sounds quite different from Mandarin, mainly because it has a different set of syllables. The rules for syllable formation are a lot laxer than in Mandarin, for example there are syllables ending in non-nasal consonants (e.g. "lak"). It also provides a different set of tones. There are six tones[?]:
1. a high level tone (or high falling tone)
2. a mid rising tone
3. a mid level tone
4. a low falling tone
5. a low rising tone
6. a low level tone
In Hong Kong, the high level tone is often used interchangeably with the high falling tone without affecting the meaning of the words being spoken. Most Hong Kong speakers are not consciously aware of when they use and when to use high level and high falling.
It is interesting to note that there are not actually more tone levels in Cantonese than in Mandarin (three - if you don't count the Cantonese low falling tone, which begins on the third level and needs somewhere to fall), only Cantonese has a more complete set of tone courses.
Cantonese tends to preserve more variations of sound while Mandarin merged many of them. For example, the characters, (藝,憶,懿,邑,譯,佚) all pronounced as yi4 in Mandarin, but all different in Cantonese, they are pronounced as ngai6, yik1, yi3, yap1, yik6, yat6 respectively.
There is another very obvious difference between Cantonese and Mandarin. Mandarin lacks the ending sound of "m" such as "taam6" (譚) becomes tan2, "yim4" (鹽) becomes yan2, "tim1" (添) becomes tian1, "ham4" (含) becomes han2 etc. in Mandarin. The examples are too numerous to list.
A main problem for the student of Cantonese is the lack of a widely accepted, standardized transcription system. The second problem are the Chinese characters: Cantonese uses the same system of character as Mandarin, but it often uses different words, which have to be written with different characters. At least this is the case in Hong Kong, but in mainland China, Cantonese is written with the exact same characters as Mandarin, though the characters stand for words not actually used in Cantonese. An example may help to clarify this:
The written word for "to be" is 是 in spoken Mandarin (pronounced shi4) but is 係 in spoken Cantonese (pronounced hai6). In formal written Chinese, only 是 is used. However, in Hong Kong, 係 is sometimes used in colloquial written Cantonese. To understand a colloquial article in a Hong Kong newspaper, a Mandarin speaker would perhaps have to reconsider a bit.
Cantonese is the language of Cantopop music.
External links
• Learn Cantonese! (http://www.cantonese.ca/): Great site with basic vocabulary and phonetics
• Cantonese Help Sheets (http://www.cantonese.sheik.co.uk/): Learn written Chinese and spoken Cantonese with this print-friendly site.
• Cantonese Talking Syllabary (http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Canton2/): in Chinese; require Big5 font.
• Ethnologue report on Cantonese (http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=YUH)
• Hong Kong Government Book Store (http://bookstore.esdlife.com/eng/default.asp): The Hong Kong Government Publications Office has a series of 9 books containing the complete language course used to train non-native speaking civil servants in Cantonese
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} | 896 | Dynamic loading of Staging tables to DW tables RRS feed
• General discussion
• Hello everyone,
I've been musing this idea and I'm not sure if it's brilliant or just daft, it would probably be described as unconventional! I thought I'd put it forward here to see if anyone can tell me why it's bad and why I shouldn't be doing it, or indeed agree!
So I've created an abstraction from the operational system and loaded this into a bunch of staging tables, these are all in the staging schema. So I have Staging.issues Staging.Jobs etc, these tables are all heaps. I have then created a DW schema and have duplicated the tables dw.issues dw.jobs etc, these are indexed as necessary and contain a primary key (some don't but I'll get onto why later!... I said this was unconventional!).
I then dynamically check sys.objects to see what tables are in the staging schema, if the table doesn't exist in the dw schema it simply does an 'select into dw.[newtable]' thus creating the dw table (obviously this won't have any indexes, these would need to be added manually). If a dw.[table] doesn't have a primary key it truncates the dw.[table] and inserts the entire staging.[table] into the dw.[table].
If the dw.[table] has a Primary Key(s), the rows that exist in the staging.[table] (based on the keys) are deleted from the dw.[table] and the staging.[table] is inserted (therefore dealing with updates and new rows)
I know that tables not having a primary key is bad (there won't be too many of these) but given these are just going to be full table loads the ID column will still have an index on it, I don't see it as that bad!? Of course I could create a control table for full loads vs delta loads but that would mean another thing to maintain, other suggestions to identify a full load vs delta are welcome.
So that's the theory, and it means that to create new DW tables we simply need to add more to the ETL that creates that staging tables and we're done. Does this make sense?
This feels like a pretty good solution, but I'm sure I'm missing something, it feels too easy!
Any thoughts welcome on this.
Cheer, Rob.
• Edited by RobFarley Wednesday, April 13, 2016 2:21 PM
Wednesday, April 13, 2016 2:15 PM
All replies
• Well, I've written this now and it works really well, would be great to hear any comments around this just to sense check the concept
Wednesday, April 20, 2016 9:19 AM
• Yes, it sounds like it will work.
In a data warehouse though, sometimes loading a DW.[table[ is not as simple as copying from a stage to the table.
The T in ETL stands for transform. Which means some of the data might need to be transformed before put into DW.table like a range of sizes instead of the sizes. Transforming a single character to a more descriptive character, etc.
Also, the stage might not be in the format of a Dimensional Model.
You could also look into SQL Server replication to do the same thing is this is just a copy of some OLTP tables. Might be simpler and you can add your reporting specific indexes to the new tables that are replicated in the DW not OLTP.
TheSmilingDBA Thomas LeBlanc MCITP 2008 DBA
Tuesday, May 17, 2016 2:03 PM
• Correct Rob,
that is "too easy" and does not implement many of the features you would want from a data warehouse that is going to be useful over time.
Some Egs.
1. Incremental updating of rows that have changed while discarding rows that have not changed.
2. You seem to have not created generated integer keys for your dimension tables. We actually also generate integer keys for fact tables. Not many people understand why.
3. Transforming data values and correcting them along the way. For example error processing to mark rows in error in the staging area to stop them from flowing forward in to the data warehouse if they are in error.
4. You seem to not have a dimensional model in your "data warehouse".
All in all. You are doing what was done 25 years ago as in "copy operational data in to a relational database and call it a data warehouse". We discouraged this sort of thing even back then. I can not believe that 25 years later we actually have to tell people it is a bad idea to just copy operational data to another place and call it a data warehouse....the fails with even the smallest of projects.
The work that is needed to be done to create a proper data warehouse is substantial and I have built the worlds best tools to do that over the last 20 years.
The end user accessible database should be dimensional.
We have a way of putting all history in to a dimensional model so no need any more for an archive (such as data vault) and analytical layer (dimensional) if you can live with a few limitations.
Dimensional can be cubes or star schemas...I prefer star schemas.
So yes....you are right to feel like you are missing something...you are missing quite a lot.
Peter Nolan
Tuesday, June 7, 2016 1:56 PM
• Check out the exam 70-463 content topics:
Designing and implementing dimensions and fact tables should provide you with more insight to data warehousing.
Tuesday, June 7, 2016 2:21 PM | https://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/adc35090-4062-4e75-92ab-12bd74a4b477/dynamic-loading-of-staging-tables-to-dw-tables?forum=sqldatawarehousing | isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-47
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- Exodus
João Peixe, better known as Exodus, is who they've all been talking about. This young kid, born in Portugal, is being called one of the newest promissing acts of his country. Born in 1988 in the beautiful city of Macau, a time later his residency changed to Almada for personal questions. João started his musical career at the very early age of 10 years old. This is exactly when he had his first contact with a real instrument. The drums was the first that he practiced in that time. After a few yearshad passed and João continued to practice the drums until he converted into a professional, but this wasn't sufficient for him. João found it quite unsatisfiable to only practice music, and by this time it was the year 2000. Our friend Exodus was thus an experimenting adult in both his personal and musical life, and this is when he entered the electronic scene in Portugal, where he entered with all his slendor. He was influenced by friends from his childhood that also had the same interest in electronic music, as well as some artists of the same genre. João started to assist at similar events that were all pretty new to him. His curiosity for this type of rythms and style of music was instantly born and who could have imagined that today his music is spread all over the world. | http://www.beatport.com/artist/exodus/63766 | robots: classic
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} | 98 | Mr. Lauraeno,
In preperation for a playing career, how would you structure a practice routine to include Bb, C, Eb, and Piccolo trumpets. I almost always start on Bb, and once I am warmed up a bit I move to C. I am unsure when in the routine to do things on Eb and Picc. I am not really doing any regular playing right, except for the occasional wedding, because school is out. I practice a lot, and would just like to be in tip-top shape on all my horns once school starts again in the fall. | http://www.trumpetmaster.com/vb/f131/practicing-all-your-horns-23600.html | robots: classic
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} | 822 | Eating alone can lead to getting fat
Obesity rise blamed on decline of family meals
Last updated 08:28 06/08/2012
Opinion poll
Does your family eat dinner together?
Nearly every night
Rarely, we're too busy
I live alone
Vote Result
roast dinner
SUNDAY ROAST: Children might be urged to "eat more" at the family dinner table, but they were also told when they had eaten "more than enough".
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When individuals eat alone, societies get fat together. Steven Shapin argues for the return of the shared meal.
The maxim 'you are what you eat' has defined dietary thinking for hundreds of years.
The prevailing interpretation is simple: our bodies, like the foods that we eat, are chemical compositions.
In order to live long and healthy lives, and to maximise our potential, we must consume the right chemicals - that is, foods with the right nutrients. But not so long ago, this saying was understood quite differently, indicating a profound shift in the way that we think about our diet and ourselves - a shift that has powerful implications for current health debates. In ancient Greek and Roman medicine, prevention was key.
Regimen, commonly called dietetics, prescribed a lifestyle designed to keep people healthy. While doctors did everything they could to cure patients, dietetics was considered the most important area of medical practice - with a sound diet, one might never need a cure.
Dietetics was a prescription for an ordered manner of living, guiding people not only on matters of food and drink, but on all governable aspects of their lives that affected wellbeing, including their places of residence, exercise, sleeping patterns, bowel movements, sexual activity, and an area neglected by medicine today: emotional control.
In short, dietetics was a matter of virtue as well as of bodily health. The medical profession doled out advice about how one should eat in the same breath as instructions about how one should live - and about what sort of person one should be.
Traditional dietetic advice now seems banal, with its almost exclusive focus on moderation. For example, dietetic counsel would recommend that patients eat neither too much nor too little; sleep when necessary, but not excessively; exercise, but not violently; and control anger and stress. The Temple of Apollo at Delphi bore the inscription 'Nothing in excess', while Aristotelian philosophy held that the golden mean was the path to the good.
Given the current frenzy of fad diets and the eternal search for simple remedies for complex conditions, moderation in all things may seem like shabby medicine.
But dietetics' conviction that health and morality are two sides of the same coin is a deep-rooted notion. After all, Christianity lists gluttony as one of the seven deadly sins, while temperance is one of the cardinal virtues.
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Both good and good for you, moderation became a commanding idea: by rooting medical advice in powerful systems of social values, dietetics shaped medical thought for centuries. Rejecting dietetic advice amounted to rejecting moral wisdom.
This merging of medicine and morality now seems naively unscientific, thanks to "nutrition science", which replaced traditional dietetics as a formal discipline in the 19th and 20th centuries. Nutritional experts today are more likely to suggest monitoring cholesterol levels than they are to give such holistic and common-sense advice as moderation. Gluttony was once a sin; obesity is now a disease (or a 'risk factor' for other diseases).
Because science ostensibly advances by setting aside moral questions to address material cause-and-effect relationships, this shift could be perceived as progress. But the separation of the 'good' from the 'good for you' limits the influence of modern nutritional expertise on people's behaviour, ultimately undermining the goal of improving public health.
Historical change cannot be undone. But the ways in which modern societies handle excess, whether in people's diets or lifestyles, merit reflection. For example, one plausible explanation of the rise in obesity is the decline of the family meal - at which children might be urged to 'eat more', but also would likely be told when they had eaten 'more than enough'.
In today's eat-and-run culture, people increasingly tend to consume food free from fear of a disapproving gaze. Individuals eat alone, and societies get fat together.
While there is no simple solution to today's dietary woes, we can take a collective decision to reconsider not just what we eat, but our approach to eating, and to recognise the inherent value in eating together. A shared meal might be good for you as well as good.
Steven Shapin is Professor of the History of Science at Harvard University.
- © Fairfax NZ News
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} | 193 | President Obama Is The Most Admired Man of 2016
Photo: Sean Gallup/Getty Images.
President Obama is finishing his term on a high note, being named the most admired man of 2016.
According to a new poll released by Gallup on Wednesday, 22% of the Americans surveyed named Obama as the man they most admire in the world.
Those surveyed were asked an open-ended question: Name the man, living anywhere in the world, whom you admire the most.
President-elect Donald Trump was a close runner-up, with 15% of respondents mentioning him.
In the survey, 50% of Democrats chose Obama, while only 34% of Republicans named Trump as the man they most admired.
It's the ninth consecutive time Obama has scored the title, according to Gallup. However, this is the first time there's been such a narrow margin between him and the second pick.
In the same poll, respondents also named Hillary Clinton the most admired woman of 2016. This is the 15th consecutive year she got the title, and her 21st time overall. She got 12% of the votes, followed by first lady Michelle Obama, who was mentioned by 8% of those surveyed. | http://www.refinery29.com/2016/12/134224/president-obama-most-admired-man-2016 | robots: classic
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} | 173 | Acupuncture / moxibustion, herbal medicine, tui na, zheng gu, qi gong, cupping, and gua sha are all modalities of treatment from same ancient medical system called Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). This medical system originated no later than 2,500 years ago in east Asia, and is still practiced in the present day around the globe. It is a separate and distinct diagnostic system from conventional “Western medicine” which has it’s roots in the ancient Greek medical tradition.
Fundamental theory of TCM is founded upon east Asian philosophical concepts such as yin and yang, and five phases. These principles instruct the perception of environment, anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. So while a TCM doctor observes the same objective phenomena as a western doctor, they evaluate the clinical significance through two different perspectives. Though it must be stressed that TCM and western medicine are not mutually exclusive, and the modern TCM doctor is trained to understand and recruit appropriate utilization of Western medicine. In fact, in modern day Chinese hospitals, TCM and western medicine are clinically integrated. | http://centeracupuncture.com/chinese-medicine-herbs-nyc/ | robots: classic
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} | 271 | Conflict Theory
Many people have conflicts every day. Some are worse than others and some sum up to nothing big. There could be conflict in people with race, sex, groups, and so on, there could also be conflict with family, friends etc. Every day we have conflict some one how or another. The perspective suggest that change is normal. An example would be prison. In prison you have to keep your guard up twenty-four-seven, unless you are going to have some conflict. The people that work in side of the prison have power to make sure conflict does not happen. People tend to put their guard down when things are going smooth and no problems are going on.
In the song "Cant Hold Us DownaE by Christina Aguilera there is Conflict
Some topics in this essay:
Conflict Theory, Check Here's, Lil' Kim,
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OR Google search:
Malayalam movie search engine - Online and Free !!
Movie Focus On Keralam
The movie industry in our dear Keralam has been in focus since the last few months. The quality of Malayalam movies arising from the land of Kerala have clearly seen improvement in recent times, so much that they are quite on par with Hindi movies from Bollywood. A public survey revealed that the Malayalam movie audience loved the fact that most Malayalam movies are focussed on realistic stories with the protagonist playing the role of a simple comman man. Also, most Malayalam movies show the true and rich culture of Kerala, which is so unique to this Indian state.
Advanced film techniques like visual effects, 3d animation, compositing - which were relatively unknown and unseen in Malayalam movies, when compared to Tamil movies and Hindi movies - have slowly started creeping into Malayalam films in the recent years. Our survey reveals that Malayalam film lovers, though do appreciate usage of Vfx, as seen in some of the recent Malayalam movies, but they seem to fear that over-usage would adversely effect the quality of good films originating from Kerala. Classic films like Nadodikaatu which shows off the aspirations of two simpletons Das and Vijayan (superbly played by Mohanlal and Srinivasan) has probably more deep roots in the audience's minds than a film like Sagar Alias Jacky where the same Mohalal plays a more sophisticated and stylish character. Mohanlal was definitely appreciated in this new avataar too, but the question that needs to be answered is "do you like the simple Dasan or Jacky ?"
To wrap up, the conclusion (based on the views of many Malayalees) is that the more the movie makers shift focus from Keralam to western cultures, ideas and music, the lesser will be the impact of the movie on the Malayalam audience. | http://www.moovyshoovy.com/articles/Movie-focus-on-Keralam.html | robots: classic
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} | 71 | Investing in Cash
Banks and Credit Unions
What is an “overdraft”?
An overdraft occurs when you write a check or make a withdrawal from your account for an amount in excess of your current balance.
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} | 1,062 | Shutdown deadline nears; no accord in Trump-Schumer meeting
Getty composite photos (Photo by Win McNamee/Getty Images andMark Wilson/Getty Images)
President Donald Trump and Senate Democratic leader Chuck Schumer met Friday afternoon in an eleventh-hour effort to avert a government shutdown, with a bitterly divided Washington locked in stare-down over federal spending and legislation to protect some 700,000 younger immigrants from deportation.
The two New Yorkers, who pride themselves on their deal-making abilities, emerged from the meeting at the White House without an agreement, and Republicans and Democrats in Congress continued to trade blame as the midnight deadline approached.
"We made some progress, but we still have a good number of disagreements," Schumer told reporters upon returning to Capitol Hill.
As news of the Schumer meeting spread, the White House sought to reassure Republican congressional leaders that Trump would not make any major policy concessions, said a person familiar with the conversations but not authorized to be quoted by name.
Senate GOP leader John Cornyn of Texas said Trump told Schumer to work things out with McConnell and House Speaker Paul Ryan. "The ball is in Sen. Schumer's court," Cornyn said.
Democrats in the Senate have served notice they will filibuster a four-week, government-wide funding bill that cleared the House Thursday evening. That could expose them to charges that they are responsible for a shutdown, but they point the finger at Republicans instead.
"They're in charge," Schumer said Friday as he entered his Capitol office. "They're not talking to us. They're totally paralyzed and inept. There's no one to negotiate with."
Republicans controlling the narrowly split chamber argue that it's the Democrats who are holding the government hostage over demands to protect "dreamer" immigrants brought to the country as children and now here illegally.
And the White House piled on, trying to paint the impending action as the "Schumer shutdown." Still, officials said the president has been working the phones trying to avert one. The White House said Trump would not leave for a planned weekend trip to Florida if there was no agreement. The president had been set to leave Friday afternoon to attend a fundraiser at his Palm Beach estate marking the one-year anniversary of his inauguration.
The impact of the potential shutdown on the planned trip by Trump and much of his Cabinet to the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, next week was still undetermined.
Trump entered the fray early Friday morning, mentioning the House-approved bill on Twitter, adding: "Democrats are needed if it is to pass in the Senate - but they want illegal immigration and weak borders. Shutdown coming? We need more Republican victories in 2018!"
Trump has given Congress until March 5 to save the Obama-era Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program protecting young immigrants, so "there is absolutely no reason to tie those things together right now," Budget Director Mick Mulvaney said at the White House.
On Capitol Hill, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., said he hoped to vote on the House-passed bill "soon," and he said Americans at home would be watching to see "which senators make the patriotic decision" and which "vote to shove aside veterans, military families and vulnerable children to hold the entire country hostage... until we pass an immigration bill." A Senate GOP aide said McConnell was not attending the White House meeting because Trump had only issued the invitation to Schumer.
In the House, Republicans muscled the measure through on a mostly party-line 230-197 vote after making modest concessions to chamber conservatives and defense hawks.
The chamber backed away from a plan to adjourn for a one-week recess Friday afternoon, meaning the GOP-controlled House could wait to see if a last-minute compromise would be reached requiring a new vote.
A test vote on a filibuster by Senate Democrats appeared likely before the shutdown deadline. Schumer was rebuffed in an attempt to vote Thursday night.
"We can't keep kicking the can down the road," said Schumer, insisting on more urgency in talks on immigration. "In another month, we'll be right back here, at this moment, with the same web of problems at our feet, in no better position to solve them."
The short-term measure would be the fourth stopgap spending bill since the current budget year started in October. A pile of unfinished Capitol Hill business has been on hold, first as Republicans ironed out last fall's tax bill and now as Democrats insist on progress on immigration. Talks on a budget deal to ease tight spending limits on both the Pentagon and domestic agencies are on hold, as is progress on a huge $80 billion-plus disaster aid bill.
House GOP leaders sweetened the pending stopgap measure with legislation to extend for six years a popular health care program for children from low-income families and two-year delays in unpopular "Obamacare" taxes on medical devices and generous employer-provided health plans.
A shutdown would be the first since 2013, when tea party Republicans - in a strategy not unlike the one Schumer is employing now - sought to use a must-pass funding bill to try to force then-President Barack Obama into delaying implementation of his marquee health care law. At the time, Trump told Fox & Friends that the ultimate blame for a shutdown lies at the top. "I really think the pressure is on the president," he said.
Arguing that Trump's predecessors "weaponized" that shutdown, Mulvaney said Friday the budget office would direct agencies to work to mitigate the impact of a potential lapse in funding.
Democrats want a deal to protect around 700,000 immigrants from deportation who arrived in the U.S. as children and have stayed here illegally. Trump has ended an Obama-era program providing those protections and given Congress until March to restore them, and he and Republicans want any immigration deal to include money for the president's promised wall along the Mexican border and other security measures.
Congress must act by midnight Friday or the government will begin immediately locking its doors. Though the impact would initially be spotty - since most agencies would be closed until Monday - the story would be certain to dominate weekend news coverage, and each party would be gambling the public would blame the other.
In the event of a shutdown, food inspections, federal law enforcement, airport security checks, and other vital services would continue, as would Social Security, other federal benefit programs and military operations. But most federal workers wouldn't be paid.
Associated Press writers Jill Colvin and Catherine Lucey contributed to this report. | https://www.fox2detroit.com/news/shutdown-deadline-nears-no-accord-in-trump-schumer-meeting | isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-10
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} | 232 | We woke up this morning to quite a surprise. The fire department reports that the fire in our neighbor’s basement was started intentionally.
I was so shocked when I first read this, because it never crossed my mind. An accident I can swallow. But someone intentionally setting a fire that results in the total loss of my home is beyond appalling.
What’s more frightening is the fact the window from which I smelled and originally saw the fire is my daughter’s. Luckily, she was sleeping in our bed at the time, but had she been in her own bed with the door closed and window open, things may have turned out a lot differently.
We’re so grateful to have each other, and so sickened by how close we came to losing something really important.
I sincerely hope whomever set this fire comes forward to accept responsibility, so they can clear their conscience, receive their due consequence, and so we can learn the answer to the burning question: WHY.
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} | 3,607 | Content-type: text/html Man page of threads
Section: Perl Programmers Reference Guide (3perl)
Updated: 2007-12-18
Index Return to Main Contents
threads - Perl interpreter-based threads
This document describes threads version 1.67
use threads ('yield',
'stack_size' => 64*4096,
'exit' => 'threads_only',
sub start_thread {
my @args = @_;
print('Thread started: ', join(' ', @args), "\n");
my $thr = threads->create('start_thread', 'argument');
threads->create(sub { print("I am a thread\n"); })->join();
my $thr2 = async { foreach (@files) { ... } };
if (my $err = $thr2->error()) {
warn("Thread error: $err\n");
# Invoke thread in list context (implicit) so it can return a list
my ($thr) = threads->create(sub { return (qw/a b c/); });
# or specify list context explicitly
my $thr = threads->create({'context' => 'list'},
my @results = $thr->join();
# Get a thread's object
$thr = threads->self();
$thr = threads->object($tid);
# Get a thread's ID
$tid = threads->tid();
$tid = $thr->tid();
$tid = "$thr";
# Give other threads a chance to run
# Lists of non-detached threads
my @threads = threads->list();
my $thread_count = threads->list();
my @running = threads->list(threads::running);
my @joinable = threads->list(threads::joinable);
# Test thread objects
if ($thr1 == $thr2) {
# Manage thread stack size
$stack_size = threads->get_stack_size();
$old_size = threads->set_stack_size(32*4096);
# Create a thread with a specific context and stack size
'stack_size' => 32*4096,
'exit' => 'thread_only' },
# Get thread's context
my $wantarray = $thr->wantarray();
# Check thread's state
if ($thr->is_running()) {
if ($thr->is_joinable()) {
# Send a signal to a thread
# Exit a thread
Perl 5.6 introduced something called interpreter threads. Interpreter threads are different from 5005threads (the thread model of Perl 5.005) by creating a new Perl interpreter per thread, and not sharing any data or state between threads by default.
Prior to Perl 5.8, this has only been available to people embedding Perl, and for emulating fork() on Windows.
The threads API is loosely based on the old API. It is very important to note that variables are not shared between threads, all variables are by default thread local. To use shared variables one must also use threads::shared:
use threads;
use threads::shared;
It is also important to note that you must enable threads by doing "use threads" as early as possible in the script itself, and that it is not possible to enable threading inside an "eval """, "do", "require", or "use". In particular, if you are intending to share variables with threads::shared, you must "use threads" before you "use threads::shared". ("threads" will emit a warning if you do it the other way around.)
$thr = threads->create(FUNCTION, ARGS)
This will create a new thread that will begin execution with the specified entry point function, and give it the ARGS list as parameters. It will return the corresponding threads object, or "undef" if thread creation failed.
FUNCTION may either be the name of a function, an anonymous subroutine, or a code ref.
my $thr = threads->create('func_name', ...);
# or
my $thr = threads->create(sub { ... }, ...);
# or
my $thr = threads->create(\&func, ...);
The "->new()" method is an alias for "->create()".
This will wait for the corresponding thread to complete its execution. When the thread finishes, "->join()" will return the return value(s) of the entry point function.
The context (void, scalar or list) for the return value(s) for "->join()" is determined at the time of thread creation.
# Create thread in list context (implicit)
my ($thr1) = threads->create(sub {
my @results = qw(a b c);
return (@results);
# or (explicit)
my $thr1 = threads->create({'context' => 'list'},
sub {
my @results = qw(a b c);
return (@results);
# Retrieve list results from thread
my @res1 = $thr1->join();
# Create thread in scalar context (implicit)
my $thr2 = threads->create(sub {
my $result = 42;
return ($result);
# Retrieve scalar result from thread
my $res2 = $thr2->join();
# Create a thread in void context (explicit)
my $thr3 = threads->create({'void' => 1},
sub { print("Hello, world\n"); });
# Join the thread in void context (i.e., no return value)
See ``THREAD CONTEXT'' for more details.
If the program exits without all threads having either been joined or detached, then a warning will be issued.
Calling "->join()" or "->detach()" on an already joined thread will cause an error to be thrown.
Makes the thread unjoinable, and causes any eventual return value to be discarded. When the program exits, any detached threads that are still running are silently terminated.
Calling "->join()" or "->detach()" on an already detached thread will cause an error to be thrown.
Class method that allows a thread to detach itself.
Class method that allows a thread to obtain its own threads object.
Returns the ID of the thread. Thread IDs are unique integers with the main thread in a program being 0, and incrementing by 1 for every thread created.
Class method that allows a thread to obtain its own ID.
If you add the "stringify" import option to your "use threads" declaration, then using a threads object in a string or a string context (e.g., as a hash key) will cause its ID to be used as the value:
use threads qw(stringify);
my $thr = threads->create(...);
print("Thread $thr started...\n"); # Prints out: Thread 1 started...
This will return the threads object for the active thread associated with the specified thread ID. Returns "undef" if there is no thread associated with the TID, if the thread is joined or detached, if no TID is specified or if the specified TID is undef.
This is a suggestion to the OS to let this thread yield CPU time to other threads. What actually happens is highly dependent upon the underlying thread implementation.
You may do "use threads qw(yield)", and then just use "yield()" in your code.
With no arguments (or using "threads::all") and in a list context, returns a list of all non-joined, non-detached threads objects. In a scalar context, returns a count of the same.
With a true argument (using "threads::running"), returns a list of all non-joined, non-detached threads objects that are still running.
With a false argument (using "threads::joinable"), returns a list of all non-joined, non-detached threads objects that have finished running (i.e., for which "->join()" will not block).
Tests if two threads objects are the same thread or not. This is overloaded to the more natural forms:
if ($thr1 == $thr2) {
print("Threads are the same\n");
# or
if ($thr1 != $thr2) {
print("Threads differ\n");
(Thread comparison is based on thread IDs.)
async BLOCK;
"async" creates a thread to execute the block immediately following it. This block is treated as an anonymous subroutine, and so must have a semicolon after the closing brace. Like "threads->create()", "async" returns a threads object.
Threads are executed in an "eval" context. This method will return "undef" if the thread terminates normally. Otherwise, it returns the value of $@ associated with the thread's execution status in its "eval" context.
This private method returns the memory location of the internal thread structure associated with a threads object. For Win32, this is a pointer to the "HANDLE" value returned by "CreateThread" (i.e., "HANDLE *"); for other platforms, it is a pointer to the "pthread_t" structure used in the "pthread_create" call (i.e., "pthread_t *").
This method is of no use for general Perl threads programming. Its intent is to provide other (XS-based) thread modules with the capability to access, and possibly manipulate, the underlying thread structure associated with a Perl thread.
Class method that allows a thread to obtain its own handle.
The usual method for terminating a thread is to return() from the entry point function with the appropriate return value(s).
If needed, a thread can be exited at any time by calling "threads->exit()". This will cause the thread to return "undef" in a scalar context, or the empty list in a list context.
When called from the main thread, this behaves the same as exit(0).
When called from a thread, this behaves like "threads->exit()" (i.e., the exit status code is ignored).
When called from the main thread, this behaves the same as "exit(status)".
Calling "die()" in a thread indicates an abnormal exit for the thread. Any $SIG{__DIE__} handler in the thread will be called first, and then the thread will exit with a warning message that will contain any arguments passed in the "die()" call.
Calling exit() inside a thread causes the whole application to terminate. Because of this, the use of "exit()" inside threaded code, or in modules that might be used in threaded applications, is strongly discouraged.
If "exit()" really is needed, then consider using the following:
threads->exit() if threads->can('exit'); # Thread friendly
use threads 'exit' => 'threads_only'
This globally overrides the default behavior of calling "exit()" inside a thread, and effectively causes such calls to behave the same as "threads->exit()". In other words, with this setting, calling "exit()" causes only the thread to terminate.
Because of its global effect, this setting should not be used inside modules or the like.
The main thread is unaffected by this setting.
threads->create({'exit' => 'thread_only'}, ...)
This overrides the default behavior of "exit()" inside the newly created thread only.
This can be used to change the exit thread only behavior for a thread after it has been created. With a true argument, "exit()" will cause only the thread to exit. With a false argument, "exit()" will terminate the application.
The main thread is unaffected by this call.
Class method for use inside a thread to change its own behavior for "exit()".
The main thread is unaffected by this call.
The following boolean methods are useful in determining the state of a thread.
Returns true if a thread is still running (i.e., if its entry point function has not yet finished or exited).
Returns true if the thread has finished running, is not detached and has not yet been joined. In other words, the thread is ready to be joined, and a call to "$thr->join()" will not block.
Returns true if the thread has been detached.
Class method that allows a thread to determine whether or not it is detached.
As with subroutines, the type of value returned from a thread's entry point function may be determined by the thread's context: list, scalar or void. The thread's context is determined at thread creation. This is necessary so that the context is available to the entry point function via wantarray(). The thread may then specify a value of the appropriate type to be returned from "->join()".
Explicit context
Because thread creation and thread joining may occur in different contexts, it may be desirable to state the context explicitly to the thread's entry point function. This may be done by calling "->create()" with a hash reference as the first argument:
my $thr = threads->create({'context' => 'list'}, \&foo);
my @results = $thr->join();
In the above, the threads object is returned to the parent thread in scalar context, and the thread's entry point function "foo" will be called in list (array) context such that the parent thread can receive a list (array) from the "->join()" call. ('array' is synonymous with 'list'.)
Similarly, if you need the threads object, but your thread will not be returning a value (i.e., void context), you would do the following:
my $thr = threads->create({'context' => 'void'}, \&foo);
The context type may also be used as the key in the hash reference followed by a true value:
threads->create({'scalar' => 1}, \&foo);
my ($thr) = threads->list();
my $result = $thr->join();
Implicit context
If not explicitly stated, the thread's context is implied from the context of the "->create()" call:
# Create thread in list context
my ($thr) = threads->create(...);
# Create thread in scalar context
# Create thread in void context
This returns the thread's context in the same manner as wantarray().
Class method to return the current thread's context. This returns the same value as running wantarray() inside the current thread's entry point function.
The default per-thread stack size for different platforms varies significantly, and is almost always far more than is needed for most applications. On Win32, Perl's makefile explicitly sets the default stack to 16 MB; on most other platforms, the system default is used, which again may be much larger than is needed.
By tuning the stack size to more accurately reflect your application's needs, you may significantly reduce your application's memory usage, and increase the number of simultaneously running threads.
Note that on Windows, address space allocation granularity is 64 KB, therefore, setting the stack smaller than that on Win32 Perl will not save any more memory.
Returns the current default per-thread stack size. The default is zero, which means the system default stack size is currently in use.
$size = $thr->get_stack_size();
Returns the stack size for a particular thread. A return value of zero indicates the system default stack size was used for the thread.
$old_size = threads->set_stack_size($new_size);
Sets a new default per-thread stack size, and returns the previous setting.
Some platforms have a minimum thread stack size. Trying to set the stack size below this value will result in a warning, and the minimum stack size will be used.
Some Linux platforms have a maximum stack size. Setting too large of a stack size will cause thread creation to fail.
If needed, $new_size will be rounded up to the next multiple of the memory page size (usually 4096 or 8192).
Threads created after the stack size is set will then either call "pthread_attr_setstacksize()" (for pthreads platforms), or supply the stack size to "CreateThread()" (for Win32 Perl).
(Obviously, this call does not affect any currently extant threads.)
use threads ('stack_size' => VALUE);
This sets the default per-thread stack size at the start of the application.
The default per-thread stack size may be set at the start of the application through the use of the environment variable "PERL5_ITHREADS_STACK_SIZE":
perl -e'use threads; print(threads->get_stack_size(), "\n")'
This value overrides any "stack_size" parameter given to "use threads". Its primary purpose is to permit setting the per-thread stack size for legacy threaded applications.
threads->create({'stack_size' => VALUE}, FUNCTION, ARGS)
To specify a particular stack size for any individual thread, call "->create()" with a hash reference as the first argument:
my $thr = threads->create({'stack_size' => 32*4096}, \&foo, @args);
$thr2 = $thr1->create(FUNCTION, ARGS)
This creates a new thread ($thr2) that inherits the stack size from an existing thread ($thr1). This is shorthand for the following:
my $stack_size = $thr1->get_stack_size();
my $thr2 = threads->create({'stack_size' => $stack_size}, FUNCTION, ARGS);
When safe signals is in effect (the default behavior - see ``Unsafe signals'' for more details), then signals may be sent and acted upon by individual threads.
Sends the specified signal to the thread. Signal names and (positive) signal numbers are the same as those supported by kill(). For example, 'SIGTERM', 'TERM' and (depending on the OS) 15 are all valid arguments to "->kill()".
Returns the thread object to allow for method chaining:
Signal handlers need to be set up in the threads for the signals they are expected to act upon. Here's an example for cancelling a thread:
use threads;
sub thr_func
# Thread 'cancellation' signal handler
$SIG{'KILL'} = sub { threads->exit(); };
# Create a thread
my $thr = threads->create('thr_func');
# Signal the thread to terminate, and then detach
# it so that it will get cleaned up automatically
Here's another simplistic example that illustrates the use of thread signalling in conjunction with a semaphore to provide rudimentary suspend and resume capabilities:
use threads;
use Thread::Semaphore;
sub thr_func
my $sema = shift;
# Thread 'suspend/resume' signal handler
$SIG{'STOP'} = sub {
$sema->down(); # Thread suspended
$sema->up(); # Thread resumes
# Create a semaphore and pass it to a thread
my $sema = Thread::Semaphore->new();
my $thr = threads->create('thr_func', $sema);
# Suspend the thread
# Allow the thread to continue
CAVEAT: The thread signalling capability provided by this module does not actually send signals via the OS. It emulates signals at the Perl-level such that signal handlers are called in the appropriate thread. For example, sending "$thr->kill('STOP')" does not actually suspend a thread (or the whole process), but does cause a $SIG{'STOP'} handler to be called in that thread (as illustrated above).
As such, signals that would normally not be appropriate to use in the "kill()" command (e.g., "kill('KILL', $$)") are okay to use with the "->kill()" method (again, as illustrated above).
Correspondingly, sending a signal to a thread does not disrupt the operation the thread is currently working on: The signal will be acted upon after the current operation has completed. For instance, if the thread is stuck on an I/O call, sending it a signal will not cause the I/O call to be interrupted such that the signal is acted up immediately.
Sending a signal to a terminated thread is ignored.
Perl exited with active threads:
If the program exits without all threads having either been joined or detached, then this warning will be issued.
NOTE: If the main thread exits, then this warning cannot be suppressed using "no warnings 'threads';" as suggested below.
Thread creation failed: pthread_create returned #
See the appropriate man page for "pthread_create" to determine the actual cause for the failure.
Thread # terminated abnormally: ...
A thread terminated in some manner other than just returning from its entry point function, or by using "threads->exit()". For example, the thread may have terminated because of an error, or by using "die".
Using minimum thread stack size of #
Some platforms have a minimum thread stack size. Trying to set the stack size below this value will result in the above warning, and the stack size will be set to the minimum.
Thread creation failed: pthread_attr_setstacksize(SIZE) returned 22
The specified SIZE exceeds the system's maximum stack size. Use a smaller value for the stack size.
If needed, thread warnings can be suppressed by using:
no warnings 'threads';
in the appropriate scope.
This Perl not built to support threads
The particular copy of Perl that you're trying to use was not built using the "useithreads" configuration option.
Having threads support requires all of Perl and all of the XS modules in the Perl installation to be rebuilt; it is not just a question of adding the threads module (i.e., threaded and non-threaded Perls are binary incompatible.)
Cannot change stack size of an existing thread
The stack size of currently extant threads cannot be changed, therefore, the following results in the above error:
Cannot signal threads without safe signals
Safe signals must be in effect to use the "->kill()" signalling method. See ``Unsafe signals'' for more details.
Unrecognized signal name: ...
The particular copy of Perl that you're trying to use does not support the specified signal being used in a "->kill()" call.
Before you consider posting a bug report, please consult, and possibly post a message to the discussion forum to see if what you've encountered is a known problem.
Thread-safe modules
See ``Making your module threadsafe'' in perlmod when creating modules that may be used in threaded applications, especially if those modules use non-Perl data, or XS code.
Using non-thread-safe modules
Unfortunately, you may encounter Perl modules that are not thread-safe. For example, they may crash the Perl interpreter during execution, or may dump core on termination. Depending on the module and the requirements of your application, it may be possible to work around such difficulties.
If the module will only be used inside a thread, you can try loading the module from inside the thread entry point function using "require" (and "import" if needed):
sub thr_func
require Unsafe::Module
# Unsafe::Module->import(...);
If the module is needed inside the main thread, try modifying your application so that the module is loaded (again using "require" and "->import()") after any threads are started, and in such a way that no other threads are started afterwards.
If the above does not work, or is not adequate for your application, then file a bug report on <> against the problematic module.
Current working directory
On all platforms except MSWin32, the setting for the current working directory is shared among all threads such that changing it in one thread (e.g., using "chdir()") will affect all the threads in the application.
On MSWin32, each thread maintains its own the current working directory setting.
Environment variables
Currently, on all platforms except MSWin32, all system calls (e.g., using "system()" or back-ticks) made from threads use the environment variable settings from the main thread. In other words, changes made to %ENV in a thread will not be visible in system calls made by that thread.
To work around this, set environment variables as part of the system call. For example:
my $msg = 'hello';
system("FOO=$msg; echo \$FOO"); # Outputs 'hello' to STDOUT
On MSWin32, each thread maintains its own set of environment variables.
Parent-child threads
On some platforms, it might not be possible to destroy parent threads while there are still existing child threads.
Creating threads inside special blocks
Creating threads inside "BEGIN", "CHECK" or "INIT" blocks should not be relied upon. Depending on the Perl version and the application code, results may range from success, to (apparently harmless) warnings of leaked scalar, or all the way up to crashing of the Perl interpreter.
Unsafe signals
Since Perl 5.8.0, signals have been made safer in Perl by postponing their handling until the interpreter is in a safe state. See ``Safe Signals'' in perl58delta and ``Deferred Signals (Safe Signals)'' in perlipc for more details.
Safe signals is the default behavior, and the old, immediate, unsafe signalling behavior is only in effect in the following situations:
Perl has been built with "PERL_OLD_SIGNALS" (see "perl -V").
The environment variable "PERL_SIGNALS" is set to "unsafe" (see ``PERL_SIGNALS'' in perlrun).
The module Perl::Unsafe::Signals is used.
If unsafe signals is in effect, then signal handling is not thread-safe, and the "->kill()" signalling method cannot be used.
Returning closures from threads
Returning closures from threads should not be relied upon. Depending of the Perl version and the application code, results may range from success, to (apparently harmless) warnings of leaked scalar, or all the way up to crashing of the Perl interpreter.
Returning objects from threads
Returning objects from threads does not work. Depending on the classes involved, you may be able to work around this by returning a serialized version of the object (e.g., using Data::Dumper or Storable), and then reconstituting it in the joining thread.
Perl Bugs and the CPAN Version of threads
Support for threads extends beyond the code in this module (i.e., and threads.xs), and into the Perl interpreter itself. Older versions of Perl contain bugs that may manifest themselves despite using the latest version of threads from CPAN. There is no workaround for this other than upgrading to the latest version of Perl.
Even with the latest version of Perl, it is known that certain constructs with threads may result in warning messages concerning leaked scalars or unreferenced scalars. However, such warnings are harmless, and may safely be ignored.
Perl 5.8.0 or later
threads Discussion Forum on CPAN: <>
Annotated POD for threads: <>
Source repository: <>
threads::shared, perlthrtut
<> and <>
Perl threads mailing list: <>
Stack size discussion: <>
Artur Bergman <sky AT crucially DOT net>
threads is released under the same license as Perl.
CPAN version produced by Jerry D. Hedden <jdhedden AT cpan DOT org>
Richard Soderberg <perl AT crystalflame DOT net> - Helping me out tons, trying to find reasons for races and other weird bugs!
Simon Cozens <simon AT brecon DOT co DOT uk> - Being there to answer zillions of annoying questions
Rocco Caputo <troc AT netrus DOT net>
Vipul Ved Prakash <mail AT vipul DOT net> - Helping with debugging
Dean Arnold <darnold AT presicient DOT com> - Stack size API
Explicit context
Implicit context
This document was created by man2html, using the manual pages.
Time: 04:14:18 GMT, September 24, 2010 | https://backdrift.org/man/gnu/man3/threads.3perl.html | robots: classic
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} | 146 | What they're saying:
"Van Durme’s performance and skill as an actor is phenomenal."
- same same (Australia)
One Yellow Rabbit presents
Look Mummy, I'm Dancing
The story of someone who is ‘different’, yet still struggles to ‘belong’.
A transsexual woman slowly but resolutely peels off her sixty-year-old skin until we find ourselves face to face with the reverse side of her soul. This monologue is a confrontational and moving lament on one person’s struggle for simple happiness and it leaves a lasting impression.
Belgian artist Vanessa Van Durme, born a boy in 1948, talks with surprising honesty about her sex change in an attempt to break down the public’s prejudice, demonstrating that people who are different are also people.
Look Mummy, I’m Dancing is the stage version of Vanessa’s autobiography of the same name. It has been performed in four languages all over Europe and America.
this event sponsored by | https://www.hprodeo.ca/2013/look-mummy-im-dancing | robots: classic
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} | 104 | Matt Lucas
Lucas is best known for creating and starring in the award winning sketch show Little Britain alongside David Walliams.
Having met at the University of Bristol, the pair had worked together on various TV projects, most notably the spoof interview series 'Rock Profiles', before hitting the jackpot with Little Britain.
With its array of grotesque characters, including Lucas's chav teenager, Vicky 'yeah but no but' Pollard, his misanthropic Fat Fighter Marjorie Dawes, and his allegedly wheelchair bound Andy 'I want that one' Pipkin, the show spawned a generation of playground catchphrases and represented a slice of British society in the first half of the decade. | https://www.femalefirst.co.uk/matt-lucas/ | isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-34
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} | 178 | Droplets of Rain
August 15, 2014
High above from its deepest shines the warming glow of sun. Spinning through the wind, catching the sun’s little particles and chasing the clouds. Frozen valleys cloaked within the vast tip toe, stories behold in sights of an eye.Colorful bliss ran down my veins, seeing the oceans crawlin’ under my feet. Carved in my heart is swollen grace and joy. Wonders of life, golden tree fruitful blessings abided the light tempting shadows. As droplets flow thru the meddow, crunches of growls despite the oddness it brings. Grudges fades, collided with freedom as it flees flawlessly. Rain, Rain, Rain, ain’t you got nothing to say, express your love in a warm way. Stop the cryin’ showers, broken sunshine blossoms at dawn. New beginnings, new love, new life.. Rainbow smiles after the rain. Lil droplets, oh little bitty ones, your beauty is beyond compare, I’ll never see what a man can foresee, this feelin’ can’t go wrong , this feeling is in fire, I come to close my eyes, and feel the breath of life. | https://almiejane.wordpress.com/tag/yeah/ | isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-24
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} | 823 | Rules for 301 Darts
By Nick Slade ; Updated April 12, 2017
Each numbered wedge scores double points for darts in the outer ring.
The game 301 ("three-oh-one") is one of the most commonly played dart games for both casual pub darts and tournament play. It is a countdown game in which all competitors start with 301 points and race to zero. One game consists of three "legs," or three races to zero. A match generally consists of three games. The game may be played in teams or as an individual competition, with two or more teams or players. In team play, each member plays one complete leg to complete a game. As in all traditional pub dart games, each player will throw three darts on each turn. Play rotates until one player goes out.
Starting the Game
Each player throws 3 darts per turn.
For tournament play, each player will be allowed to warm up by throwing a total of nine darts. Each competitor will throw one dart to determine the order of play. The player landing a dart "closest to the bull," or nearest the bull's eye (or nearest the center of the bull's eye, if multiple bulls are thrown) will go first; second closest is second, and so on.
Doubling in
Only the outer double ring and the inner bull will allow scoring to begin.
Players will throw three darts per turn, in rotation. Each player must first land one of his darts in the narrow "double" ring around the outer edge of the numbered pie-shaped wedges, or in the red "double bull" before any of his points will be scored. Longer games, like 501, are usually played as "straight in, double out," with no initial double required.
The first score will then be two times the the number (1 through 20) associated with the wedge, or 50 points for a double bull. A "single bull" in the (usually) green circle around the red double bull is scored as 25 points. A dart in any wedge scores the number of points equal to the number assigned to that wedge. Those points are doubled for darts in the outer ring and tripled for darts in the narrow ring midway to the center of the board. Thus, the triple 20 is the highest scoring area on the board at 60 points. The points for all three darts are totaled and subtracted from 301, or from the total remaining at the start of each turn.
Faults and Bad Darts
A dart will not count if the thrower's toe extends over the toe line before the dart is released. Leaning over the line is permitted as long as the thrower is not touching or holding on to any fixture or person for assistance. For steel tip darts and bristle boards, the dart must stick in the board and remain for 5 seconds or it will not be counted, though some house rules may stipulate 3 seconds. Darts that miss the number grid, bounce off the board, fall short of the board or fall out of the board in less than 5 seconds are scored as zero and may not be rethrown in that turn. In electronic dart games using nylon tip darts and automatic scoring by the machine, the machine is always right. If the machine scored the dart, even if the dart fell immediately, the score stands. However, if a dart remains stuck in the grid, but the machine did not tally the score, it is permissible to tap the dart in to activate the scoring mechanism.
Going Out
With 50 points remaining, a double bull will win the game.
Players in 301 must "double in" and "double out." A player must end up with exactly zero points to go out and win the leg. The final dart must be in the outer double ring or the inner double bull. If, in the course of throwing three darts, a player's score becomes negative, he is said to "bust." None of his darts count for that round and his turn ends. Also, if his score is reduced to 1 point in the course of his turn, this is also a bust, as it is not possible to double out with only 1 point remaining. Finally, a player will bust if he reaches exactly zero without scoring a double on his final dart. For instance, if he has 30 points remaining, he will shoot for the double 15, which is near the triple 10. If he hits the triple 10 instead, he has busted and his turn ends without any change in his score for that round.
About the Author
Nick Slade began writing broadcast news copy in 1985. He published a nonfiction book in 2010. He has been writing web content since 2010, with work appearing on sites such as "Off the Grid News" and "Consumer Health Reports." Slade has a Bachelor of Arts in humanities from St. John's University and he studied journalism at the University of Minnesota. | https://ourpastimes.com/rules-301-darts-6714165.html | robots: classic
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I have a road bike which is a reasonable fit, what is the recommended procedure for adjusting the seat position and handlebar height to get the "perfect fit"?
A complete answer should include what order to make adjustments; how to determine height of saddle, fore and aft position of saddle on rails and height of handlebars. Also what testing is required. Is this all done on feel or are there basic measurements and mecahnics that affect the adjustments? Does it help to have a turbo-trainer and large mirror or video camera?
Do the same principles apply for hybrid and/or mountain bikes? What changes to the process are needed for other bike types?
I know that this is a service you can pay for at some pro-cycling shops, but since I have a number of different bikes, I would like to be able to get a good fit for each of them at home for a minimal layout. And also, by understanding the process and doing it myself, getting a better understanding between me and the bike...
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you could get an actual bike fit, which worked wonders for me. see this question:… – fady May 27 '11 at 22:08
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4 Answers
up vote 6 down vote accepted
There's quite a lot of discussion on the subject of fit, and some folks have considerably different ideas in this regard. I use the old-school methods to get close, then try to "dial in" things according to what my body tells me.
Seat height should be such that you can easily pedal "circles" without rocking or stretching, nor by over-flexing the knee. It's hard to describe...Essentially the leg should not be fully extended at the bottom of the stroke. Just short of being fully extended. The thigh should be more-or-less level at the top of the stroke.
The fore-and-aft measurement is often neglected or even ignored. Again, the classic measurement is that with the pedals level (3 and 9 o'clock) a plumb line dropped from the bony process just below your kneecap should intersect the pedal's shaft. That's assuming you're sitting on the saddle properly, with your "sit bones" on the heavily-padded portion of the saddle. Saddle attitude is one of personal preference; I prefer just a few points nose-down from dead level. "Reach" is somewhat dependent on the type of bike. On roadsters, you want the reach to the hoods such that you can ride with a relaxed upper body at a reasonable angle. Some authorities advise such-and-such a percentage of weight on the hands, and such-and-such on the seat. You don't want to be totally supporting your upper body with your arms. I've seen folks who maintain that these things are "all wrong", and propose all sorts of ideas for getting the perfect position. I know I can ride comfortably and without hurting anything using these methods....
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superb!!! wish I could add more plusses. – Dave May 28 '11 at 19:25
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I concur with M. Werner & previously used this answer (someone down voted :-O) for similar question:
IMO single most important factor of cycling joy is FIT!
This is a great tool and worth the effort:
I have used it myself and referred countless folks to it, all with great success! Good luck!
Added for this post: Once you take the measurements and input the data into the fit calculator, you can email yourself the results. Over the years I have been able to move from bike to bike focusing on two measurements which were initially provided by the fit calculator: 1. Saddle Height 2. Cock pit length which is the tip of the saddle to the handlebar.
Also, I have been professionally fitted and came out with identical set up as I did when I did the recommended fit calculator.
Order of adjustments based on the methods described by M. Werner: 1. Set saddle height 2. Set fore-and-aft of saddle (I use a level here and strongly recommend using one)
Once saddle position is set move to handlebars/stem, 3 options here:
1. Use Competitive Cyclist's recommendations
2. Visit LBS and borrow/rent use an adjustable stem to determine correct angle and length based on trial and error.
3. Or lastly, I would refer to personal comfort in terms of how much stress/stretch you desire for your back - the old rule of thumb is while mounted on bike you want the intersection of the handlebar/stem mounting point to obscure the view of your front hub.
Whatever path you decide, my recommendation is to take and record the following measurements, the two main #'s I use as I move from bike to bike: 1. Top of saddle to center of bottom bracket 2. Tip of saddle to handlebar
Hope this helps! Any questions lmk!
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I use many of the same techniques that @M.Werner recommends. Get a general fit and then tweak as needed. Generally I will take a guess at where things should be and then climb on. It is usually obvious when I'm way wrong. For a little fine tuning I will balance with a counter top or the like and then pedal backwards for a bit, obviously doesn't work with FG, hopping off and making tweaks. The final tweaks I make come from riding around noting changes to make and then when I take a break or am ready to turn around I make adjustments. I find I get a better idea for how well honed my setup is by actually riding than by measurements.
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It depends on what type of riding you're doing. The seat should be slightly lower for less competitive riding style. My bike is currently set for ankling which requires a slightly higher seat set. I've found that the orientation of the settings on the bike depend on style of riding.
Personal preference is to set the seat height by sitting on the bike with leg straight and toe slightly up. Then the handlebar height is set, and finally the orientation of the saddle.
What this does is gives me the most power as I reach the bottom of the stroke.
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} | 957 | NoSQL- Graph databases (Neo4J), or the graph model - English Version
Para versão em português, clique aqui!
/* Ladies And Gentlemen DBAS!!!
In my first post in english (sorry in advance), I would like to show you one of most interesting database models. The Graph Database (or Property Graph data model).
A graph is model to store data which can be naturaly structured in an graphic way. A social network is an typical example, we have users that make connections between itself in many diferent ways (friend, follower, etc..) and they also can get connected with a lot of other objects like ideas, products or blog posts (like, follow, etc..)
Another good examples are hierachy, corporate networks and semantic web applications
Fig.1 – Modeling my family
Instead of use tables, columns and PK/FK relationships , an graph database uses vertices, properties and edges.
A vertex is a object with properties. Example: In a book store, the vertices could be books, authors and publishers. Books could be described with properties like Title, Genre, Price, Total Pages, etc... authors receive properties like Name, Birthday, biography, etc..
The edges connects the nodes with labels like Writed_by,
Published_by, etc... Edges can also have properties
The tool that we are going to use in our "hands on" is Neo4J, that can be free download here. The Neo4J it is a BluePrints implementation and BluePrints is a generic API for graph models. Another BluePrints implementations are TinkerGraph, OrientDB, DEX, InfiniteGraph, Rexster, e SailRDFStores
We will also use Gremlin language to manipulate the data. Gremlin is based on Groovy and Pipes. There is a lot of languages that we could use (REST, Cypher). The main point is always choose the right tool for the job.
Note: Excuse me for the "new names avalanche", so many options make any begginner confuse, especially when we came from the relational world where the products are more integrated and ready to use, but is important to have a overview of all tools involved in a graphDB ecosystem if you want to implement it on the real world.
Creating an graph
If your OS is Windows, all you need to do is download the Neo4J packagen on website , uncompressed it and execute Neo4J.bat file located in Bin folder
The script will open a java windows (it is the service running)
The Neo4J provides a web interface web hosted on your machine. by default, you can access the web admin on http://localhost:7474/webadmin/
To start, click on Console tab and select the Gremlin button on rigth-upper corner.
Inserting vertex, properties and listing
Lets to create a basic social network, the vertex represents users and the unique edge type available will be KNOWS (CONHECE in portuguese).
You can see below the code to add some users (a litle tribute to some friends of mine)
Just after the ASCII Art, the webadmin instance the variable g that represents the graph.
After that, we use addVertex function to add our first vertex
The vertex properties are passed as a parameter of the function, it is an JSON that basically have this structure:
[PropertyName:PropertyValue, ...]
As you can notice, one differece between a relational database and a noSQL is that noSQL is schemaless,so properties can varies in the vertices.
To list vertex, use g.V, where V is a collection of vertices inside the graph G. To list a specific property type the property name after V. Example: g.V.Name or g.V.any_other_property.
We notice that the Bruno Salim position ("profissão" in portuguese) was writed wrong. Lets update this ( the vertex ID of Bruno is 28).
Very simple, as is simplier add new properties. For example, lets add a position to Gustavo vertex.
Or add a completely new property (this is schemaless!)
The map show all vertex properties (a JSON structure).
Connecting vertices.
Now, we are going to create connections between vertices through the edge type KNOWS
First of all, we assign the vertices to friendly named variables , then we add the edges between them.
Finally, lets answer a few typical questions of social networks and figure the power of graph db.
Gremlin queries are divided by steps separated by dots.
A step use the result of the previous step and can transform, filter or insert some side effects in results.
Who I know?
The Felipe object is me, we use the out step to return all vertices wich receive edges of the object.
Who are the friends of my friends?
Re-applying the out step, we list the vertices conected to the vertices returned by the first out.
One way to avoid the use of the out step many times it is use the loop step, it repeat the previous step until the rule in brackets is not fulfilled (In our case, we limited the loop to twice times checking the it.loops property.)
Who can introduces Felipe to Gustavo?
The power of graph can be showed solving this question. In a relational database, the correspondent query will be heavy and unsuitable for applications with many users, but in a graph db regardless the quantity of users and iterations the result will keep the same performance.
The loop will iterate until it find the the gustavo vertex. The query list two possible paths.
Replacing the "out" steps for pairs of "outE" (outbound edges) and "inV" (to get the vertices) we will get how they relate.
Lets delete the connection between Spigariol and Gustavo and try again.
In the first line, we use 'g.E' to list all edges, then 'inV' to get the verices and 'has' to filter that vertices with property Name equals "Gustavo". Finally, we use back(2), to show the results of two steps behind.(returning to E).
The next command we remove the Edge, now we have only one possible path to Gustavo.
That was a little tour on GraphDB, what are the tools to access and a "hands on" to create, erase and query the stored vertices. This post is not a full tutorial, for a more complete information please see this great video of Andreas Kollegger <twitter> , he explain the graph database concept and present an full demo of Neo4jMy favorite part of the video is when he said that a relational database is great to calculate the salary average of the attendees of the webcast, but the graph would be better to identify who would buy him a beer.
Thanks for your reading. If you have any questions, feel free to send me a email, or follow me on twitter, I´m always posting related content of the marvelous world of data!
Best Regards!
Felipe Antunes
twitter: @felipe_store | http://agoradba.blogspot.com.br/2012/06/nosql-graph-databases-neo4j-or-graph.html | robots: classic
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Former Republican House Speaker Calls Trump Presidency 'Complete Disaster'; Jared Kushner Under FBI Scrutiny in Russia Probe; Hillary Clinton Speaks Out. Aired 3-3:30p ET
Aired May 26, 2017 - 15:00 ET
DANA BASH, CNN SENIOR CONGRESSIONAL CORRESPONDENT: Now, this is according to multiple sources talking to my colleagues Shimon Prokupecz and Gloria Borger and myself.
Now, these concerns were a major factor in Comey deciding to publicly declare that the Clinton probe was over last summer without consulting then Attorney General Loretta Lynch. Now, you may remember, earlier this week, "The Washington Post" reported on this intelligence and the doubts about its credibility.
The fact that Comey felt he had to act based on Russian disinformation, Brooke, is a stark example of how Russian interference impacted decision-making at the highest levels of the U.S. government during the 2016 campaign.
The Russian information at issue claimed to show that then Attorney General Lynch had been compromised in the Clinton investigation because of e-mails between then DNC Chair Debbie Wasserman Schultz and a political operative, saying that Lynch would make the FBI Clinton probe go away.
According to one official, in classified briefings, Comey told lawmakers that he was afraid the information that I just described to you would drop and undermine the investigation. But Comey did not tell lawmakers that he doubted the accuracy of the information, even, Brooke, in that classified setting.
Now, I can also say that, according to sources close to Comey, the FBI director felt that the validity of the information really didn't matter, because, if it became public, they had no way to discredit it without burning sources and methods.
BROOKE BALDWIN, CNN ANCHOR: So, let me ask the follow-up.
Let's take everyone back to when Jim Comey testified up on Capitol Hill just a couple weeks ago. Roll it.
JAMES COMEY, FBI DIRECTOR: I struggled as we got closer to the end of it with a number of things that had gone on, some of which I can't talk about yet, that made me worry that the department leadership could not credibly complete the investigation and decline prosecution without grievous damage to the American people's confidence in the justice system.
BALDWIN: How, Dana, did that meeting really factor into his decision?
BASH: Well, in the classified sessions that I mentioned with lawmakers, I'm told that Comey didn't even mention that airplane incident with Loretta Lynch and Bill Clinton.
Instead, he told lawmakers that this Russian information was the primary reason he took -- not the only reason, but the primary reason he took the unusual step to announce the end of the Clinton probe. And, look, I will tell you that, since we reported the story, we're getting a lot of response, as you can imagine.
But this is fascinating, especially when it comes to the whole notion, Brooke, of Russian misinformation that not only went on then, but we're told continues to go on even as we speak with an attempt after an attempt to get U.S. elected officials and others inside the government information that is not right just to kind of cloud up the probes that they are doing right now.
BALDWIN: Nick Akerman, you just heard Dana roll out all of her reporting.
BALDWIN: You said this is -- when you sat down, you said, this is scary.
AKERMAN: It's very scary. I mean, first of all, I think his excuse is bogus.
There is no reason why Sally Yates, who is the deputy attorney general, who oversees the FBI, couldn't have made the simple announcement that the investigation was closed.
For Jim Comey to come out and say that this Russian memo was the reason, first of all, I think it's bogus, but, secondly, I think what's really scary about this is, what did he really know in July, when he made that announcement?
According to "The Washington Post" report, it wasn't until August that the FBI concluded that that memo was bogus.
BALDWIN: But hang on.
Dana, just quickly back over to you, your reporting is that he knew -- when he went in front of those cameras in July, he knew it was fake, correct?
BASH: Well, let me tell you what our colleague Shimon Prokupecz was told about that.
He was told that, pretty early on, almost immediately, they realized that this was that -- this had problems, the veracity and validity of this Russian intelligence had problems. Now, whether or not he absolutely firmly knew and what the timetable was, unclear.
BASH: But I can tell you that, again, pretty early on -- this is according to our colleague Shimon's sources -- they thought, this doesn't pass the smell test.
Go ahead.
AKERMAN: To me, the timing is critical here.
AKERMAN: And what happened is very scary, because my first reaction when I heard about this was that the Russians had done a profile on James Comey. They knew exactly what would move him, what would make him do certain things.
And knowing his background, starting with the Martha Stewart investigation, his reputation as being a very extreme moralist in certain ways, having his own way about doing things, I'm sure that the Russians, just like the CIA does, did a psychological profile on him.
AKERMAN: And they knew exactly what it was that would move him off the dime.
And, believe me, what they had in there was exactly what would have made Comey move in certain directions. So it's critical as to when did he really know that this was a bogus document.
And what's scary about this is that the Russians are really pulling the strings of our own public officials. It's like people are moving like puppets in relation to what the Russian government is doing.
And our voters are doing the whole thing. And that's the whole allegation about this whole business with the data and the data processes that they used to microtarget voters in the key states in the presidential election.
BALDWIN: That's right.
AKERMAN: So, what we're looking at is a massive, a potentially massive Russian manipulation of the American system, which I find extremely, extremely scary.
BALDWIN: I hear Dana agreeing.
And I know we have to wrap it up, but I think -- thank you so much.
To hear Dana say what the Russians have done and what -- as we speak, what the Russians continue to do, is huge, huge, huge.
For now, I will say thank you, Dana Bash and Nick Akerman, very much on a major piece of news coming out today from you, Dana, and Shimon and Gloria. Thank you very much for that.
Moving on, while Clinton now has that new reporting to consider, she is also having a full circle moment today at her alma mater, Wellesley College, delivering the commencement speech for graduates there. This is 48 years after she stood on that stage at Wellesley as the valedictorian back in 1969, when she actually ad-libbed the speech, was very critical of the Vietnam War, President Nixon.
And listening to her this morning, this year, she said the state of politics isn't actually so different, drawing parallels from the Nixon presidency all the way up to this current White House. And although Hillary Clinton never actually mentioned Donald Trump by name, she cautioned graduates and perhaps others watching about the future of the Trump administration.
HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON (D), FORMER U.S. SECRETARY OF STATE: If any of you are nervous about what you will be walking into when you leave the campus, I know that feeling.
We were asking urgent questions about whether women, people of color, religious minorities, immigrants would ever be treated with dignity and respect. And, by the way, we were furious about the past presidential election...
CLINTON: ... of a man whose presidency would eventually end in disgrace with his impeachment for obstruction of justice...
CLINTON: ... after -- after firing the person running the investigation into him at the Department of Justice.
And here's what that means to you, the class of 2017. You are graduating at a time when there is a full-fledged assault on truth and reason. When people in power invent their own facts and attack those who question them, it can mark the beginning of the end of a free society.
That is not hyperbole. It's what authoritarian regimes throughout history have done. They attempt to control reality, not just our laws and our rights and our budgets, but our thoughts and beliefs.
BALDWIN: Let's talk about that speech.
Michael Smerconish is joining me live, host of CNN's "SMERCONISH."
Happy Friday to you, my friend.
Listening to her there at Wellesley, what did you think of the speech?
MICHAEL SMERCONISH, CNN CONTRIBUTOR: Well, substantively, I loved the part about the siloing of our society and the reliance that so many have on a select few news sites, which I think has had a terrible impact on our national discourse.
We have never had so much selection, so much choice, and yet so few among us seek to exercise it. So, on that substantive point, which I don't view in left vs. right terms, I think she was spot on.
BALDWIN: She was right.
SMERCONISH: My reaction to her speech, Brooke, most notably was her comfort level.
You know, she never -- in my opinion, never really reached her stride during the course of the campaign. She was never as effective as she was before she announced. And now it's all over, and without the stressor of having to appease different constituencies, she seems at ease with herself all over again.
I also thought that the dichotomy between what she's willing to say, even without mentioning the president's name, and the silence from former President Obama, it's quite a difference what you get from the two of them, him respecting sort of the protocol of not criticizing one's successor, but they are the two most notable Democrats. And they sound very, very different these days, Obama and Clinton.
BALDWIN: Do you think, though, quickly -- it was just a total coincidence that we saw quite a bit of President Obama this week. And here we saw Hillary Clinton back at Wellesley. Are they -- how do you handle that, like, leaving the stage and making room, though, for the next generation of Democratic leaders? And that's part of the hit, if you read the RNC statement reacting to this, one of the criticisms.
Well, look, you don't expect them to go quietly into that night. Particularly, President Obama is a young guy. I'm not saying that she isn't young, but she's got a lot of vim and vigor left in her.
I will make this observation. It's not necessarily bad for President Trump. He always needs a punching bag. And the two of them together, President Obama and Secretary Clinton, are awfully good fodder. I'm sure if he were home, the Android would be out and he'd be tweeting all about it.
BALDWIN: We've all been wondering. He's been quiet so far.
Let me -- since I have you, let's talk about Montana, Michael. The Republican charged with assaulting a reporter wins the special election there.
But let's put the assault aside. His staff essentially lied about what happened with a statement. They then sat on that lie for 24 hours while everyone went out to vote. And, oh, by the way, only when he -- he apologized when he won. What does that say about character in our politics?
SMERCONISH: Listen, you know that adage, a day late and a dollar short.
I thought that the apology was indeed a day late. He was in the federal witness protection program from the time of the alleged assault until about 1:00 a.m., when he said that he was victorious in the election. I'm distressed by it. I'm distressed not only by his apparent conduct, but also by those voices that are supportive of what he did, including some of the people who shouted out the course of during his victory speech.
What a new low it represents that you can take this approach with a member of the media, even if you were to assume that the questioning was hostile -- and I'm not saying that I think that it was, but certain of my radio callers do -- but I think it's a distressing sign and probably predictable, given the downward trajectory of our national discourse.
BALDWIN: Well, we've seen how some of those town halls have gone. I mean, some of these members of Congress and what -- some of the questions they are dealing with, I feel like, listening to that reporter, that was nothing.
Michael Smerconish, thank you so much. We will see you tomorrow morning right here on CNN 9:00 a.m.
SMERCONISH: Thank you. BALDWIN: Thank you, sir.
There are new concerns today about Jared Kushner's role in this White House after it's been revealed that he's under FBI scrutiny in this Russia investigation.
Plus, he says he's busy drinking wine, golfing and ironing his clothes, but former House Speaker John Boehner is not holding back about President Trump -- why he calls the presidency a disaster.
And we have just learned this afternoon Ariana Grande making a major announcement about her future days after the terror attack on her concert in Manchester, England.
Stand by for that.
Jared Kushner -- Jared Kushner is the man closest to the president, and he's been referred to as essentially the secretary of everything. And he's now under FBI scrutiny, caught up in this ongoing Russia investigation.
President Trump's son-in-law in the spotlight for his interactions with several Russian officials during the election and during the transition -- investigators tell CNN the focus is on the Trump campaign's data analytics operation in which Kushner was involved, Kushner's relationship with the fired National Security Adviser Michael Flynn, as well as Kushner's own contacts with Russian officials.
So, with me now, David Chalian, our CNN political director, and Caroline Polisi, federal and white-collar criminal defense attorney.
Welcome to both of you.
And, David, just on the politics of all this, all indications are that he's not a target, you know, no allegations of wrongdoing. He has said he will go talk to Congress and tell them what he knows of these meetings.
That said, what does this mean that one of the most powerful people in the West Wing is being looked at?
And, obviously, this is a shift in this investigation, because now -- and you remember, you have heard Sean Spicer try to sort of spin from the podium, well, Carter Page, we didn't really know. Paul Manafort, even though he was running the campaign, wasn't only -- he was only there for a brief time. This is a senior adviser, son-in-law to the president, not just inside the White House. We're now inside the Oval Office here. You don't get closer to the president than this. And, as you said, there's no indication that he's a target, no indication of wrongdoing, but simply that now he's under scrutiny as part of this.
So they can no longer sort of stiff-arm this investigation in that way. It's now fully inside the West Wing.
Caroline, walk us through the legal strategy, right. Investigators walk into that room. They have a set of facts. He doesn't know what they know.
BALDWIN: How do they question him?
POLISI: Well, first of all, I would like to say that, as any criminal defense attorney knows, these distinctions, subject, target witness, we're now hearing reports that he's a person of interest, these are really distinctions without a difference.
In these types of investigations, there are so many moving parts, that it can easily switch at the drop of a hat that someone is the first a witness and then, boom, turns into a target...
POLISI: ... which is why you have to be really careful about when you go in there and talk to investigators.
I will say that, you know, Kushner is so close to the Trump administration, it's hard to believe that this investigation isn't going to at some point really get to Trump at this point.
BALDWIN: Let's talk about a little bit as far what we know.
This is -- and there haven't been a lot of interviews that Kushner has actually done. This is something he told "Forbes."
David, to you -- quote -- "I called somebody who works for one of the technology companies that I work with and I had them give me a tutorial on how to use Facebook microtargeting."
What do we know about Kushner's digital operation and his involvement there?
CHALIAN: It's one of the early things that he took on in the campaign.
And, yes, he was the sort of point of contact, getting all the briefings from the digital operation. And this digital operation really ended up, obviously with the victory, having something to show for it.
This is how the Trump campaign really interpreted where to send Donald Trump because of the data analytics that was going on. And our Evan Perez has reported that investigators are very interested in finding out if anyone in the Trump campaign, either wittingly or unwittingly, in working with the digital operations, somehow helped the Russians infuse Facebook feeds with news items that might have had some impact.
BALDWIN: OK. David Chalian, Caroline Polisi, thank you all both very much on all things Jared Kushner.
We are also now learning what that concert bomber in Manchester did minutes before that attack in that arena -- new details about the hunt for his terror network.
Also ahead, former House Speaker John Boehner absolutely slamming President Trump, saying he has been a -- quote, unquote -- "complete disaster." Hear why he thinks this and why he's talking ahead.
BALDWIN: New developments today in the investigation of that concert bombing in Manchester, England, the secretary of state, Rex Tillerson, in Britain trying to ease tensions with this key ally after sensitive information concerning the attack was leaked to the United States to media outlets.
In Manchester today, new arrests and raids, as investigators try to contain the terror network they believe is behind this attack, eight people now in custody. And we're hearing the suicide bomber called his brother in Libya just 15 minutes before this attack.
I'm joined now by former jihadist Mubin Shaikh. He's the author of "Undercover Jihadi," his story of turning from a jihadi to working undercover counterterrorism operations with the Canadian Royal Mounted Police.
So, Mubin, thank you so much for being with me.
MUBIN SHAIKH, FORMER JIHADIST: Thanks for having me.
BALDWIN: This phone call. Let's begin with the phone call to this brother all the way from Manchester to Libya. What does that tell you?
SHAIKH: It's a very high likelihood that the brother knew of the attack or was -- at least knew of the attack in advance or was told of the attack at the time of the phone call.
BALDWIN: We just have no idea whether it was a -- telling the brother to tell goodbye or telling the brother to tell the network this is imminent.
Those are the pieces of the puzzle that we're just totally unsure of. SHAIKH: Yes, of course.
The information is still coming out. We're learning information that's different from yesterday. So, I'm sure things will continue. And, again, with this latest arrest, there are now nine people are in custody. Eleven were originally arrested. One male and one female have been released.
And so now that leaves nine in custody.
BALDWIN: So, given all those arrests, though, and you hear of these investigators again using the phrase they are trying to contain, trying to contain the network, what exactly does that mean?
SHAIKH: Well, when I was undercover and doing these sorts of operations, there are so many moving parts at any given time, especially the pressure that is on the authorities and the security services to find all those responsible.
But that is easier said than done. And one of the reasons why, of course, the U.K. are rightfully upset about the leaks is, we don't want to give advance information to the bad guys. We want to have the element of surprise.
So, that's what is happening right now. They are piecing together who is who in the zoo to see who are the major players, who we need to interrogate further to find out, where is this bomb-maker? Is he still in the U.K.? Is he just in Libya and he sent a novice over? There's a hunt under way right now.
BALDWIN: You know, Mubin, what made this particular terror attack even more heartbreaking was the thought of all of these little girls, right, and the fact that we have heard now apparently from terror experts are saying terrorists are really trying to target children.
Why? Why? Is it for shock value?
SHAIKH: It is for shock value, of course. We are -- we have revulsion when we hear that children have been deliberately attacked. | http://us.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1705/26/cnr.07.html | robots: classic
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} | 78 | Technical FAQs
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The standard DC voltage will be imprinted on the front of the contactor, just to the left of terminal 14. If it`s a low consumption DC coil, the front of the contactor will be imprinted with the consumption as well as the DC voltage.
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} | 3,037 | Sebastian Vettel, Lewis Hamilton, Circuit de Catalunya, 2017
Have the stewards really lightened up in 2017?
2017 F1 seasonPosted on | Author Keith Collantine
Before the 2017 season began much was made of how Formula One officials were going to lighten up and let drivers sort out their differences on track.
That seemed to be the case at the most recent race in Spain, where a series of incidents was met with no more than a shrug from the stewards.
Have the stewards really softened their stance or is something else going on? Let’s take a close look at the data from the first five races of each season.
At first glance, there is no evidence of a fall in the number of penalties being handed down by the stewards. In fact it’s risen slightly, despite there being fewer cars on the grid this year and therefore fewer competitors to penalise.
But the striking detail here is the rise in the number of investigations. The outcome of these extra investigations in 2017 has usually been not to hand down a penalty.
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This leaves us with the impression that the stewards aren’t necessarily being more lenient, they’re just investigating more incidents which didn’t deserve a penalty to begin with.
However this only gives us part of the picture. The number of penalties may not have fallen, but are the penalties which are being issued less severe? Here are the sanctions drivers and teams picked up over the same periods:
Penalty 2016 2017
Pit lane start 2 0
Fifteen-place grid drop 0 1
Ten-place grid drop 0 1
Five-place grid drop 3 5
Three-place grid drop 2 2
Ten-second stop-go penalty 1 0
Drive-through penalty 3 0
Ten-second time penalty 2 1
Five-second time penalty 2 5
Suspended €25,000 fine 0 1
Two significant differences are evident here. The first is we’ve seen a big increase in the number of grid drops issued in 2017. However most of these have been for gearbox or power unit changes where the penalty is fixed by the rules. This doesn’t show the stewards have been harsher, just that the cars have been less reliable.
The second is a drop in the most severe race penalties. No one has had a stop-go or drive-through penalty so far this year.
Perhaps the clearest example of the change in attitudes comes from how first-lap incidents have been treated. In Bahrain last year Valtteri Bottas received a drive-through penalty which ruined his race after tangling with Lewis Hamilton at the first corner. But in Spain last weekend Bottas and two other drivers were cleared following their first-lap collision.
It’s easy to exaggerate how far the stewards are letting the drivers ‘off the leash’ as far as penalties goes. McLaren were surprised to see Stoffel Vandoorne receive a penalty last weekend for his incident with Felipe Massa last weekend, given the clash removed Vandoorne from the race and left Massa unaffected.
And it’s also true that the rapid year-on-year rise in penalties had already begun to reverse last year.
But there has been a clear softening in the stewards room in 2017, and last weekend’s race was the clearest example of it so far. That will come as a relief to some of the drivers, particularly those who were edging dangerously close to the 12 penalty points which would incur a race ban. Sebastian Vettel, Carlos Sainz Jnr, Jolyon Palmer and Pascal Wehrlein are all at least halfway there.
2017 F1 season
Browse all 2017 F1 season articles
41 comments on “Have the stewards really lightened up in 2017?”
1. As long as you only crash or trackextend and not do anything Really bad like drive past cones or miss an Anthem they sure have
1. @mrboerns
Yeah, the concept of issuing potentially race-relevant reprimands for failing to approach one’s lips to the local dictator’s buttocks in time, or penalty points for driving around the wrong side of a bollard doesn’t quite convince me.
If they insist on gathering the cattle for those silly anthem ceremonies, a fine for missing that would be more than enough. No reason for a connection with a possbile grid drop.
The same goes for infractions that weren’t really dangerous. Cutting a corner or driving over a line you’re not supposed to drive over should be punished with a sanction that at least negates any on-track advantage that may have been gained, and adds some additional disadvantage to discourage from such a behaviour. Penalty points should be strictly reserved for potentially dangerous driving, i.e. causing collisions, forcing cars off the track, failing to retire a car that’s losing pieces of bodywork, entering the pits at excessive speeds, purposely overtaking under yellow flag conditions, things like that. After all, the reason for penalty points is the exclusion of drivers whose on-track behaviour is deemed to be dangerous, not to instill fear on drivers who were involved in minor incidents once too often.
1. issuing potentially race-relevant reprimands for failing to approach one’s lips to the local dictator’s buttocks in time
Is this the greatest quote of 2017?
1. @hugh11
You seem to like euphemisms. :P
2. Roy Simpson
26th June 2017, 14:07
The fix in in for Vettel. Rams car from behind (telemetry shows Ham. did not brake), passes car under SC, swerves into leader to try and put him out of the race. 10 sec penalty. This all happened in 10 secs. The stewards are basically saying, anything Vettel does is OK. Vettel is a Pro Driver, been around for years and is acting like a new kart driver. Real penalty should have been a DQ and suspension. Never happen, Ferrari owns F1, they get $100 Million before anyone else gets paid, penalties that are a joke. Vettel is a real roll model for out children, not.
2. How long is it before points refresh on the super-licence? I.e how long would Vettel need to wait until his licence is clean again?
1. Points last 12 months. Vettel will go down to four on July 10th providing he doesn’t collect any more before then.
3. If the tracks were designed better you would not need stewards in 90% of current cases
4. i’m glad that in Spain they didn’t investigate the Vettel vs Hamilton incident when they touched, but wasn’t Vettel’s move a bit illegal? I mean he clearly didn’t leave any room for Hamilton to go around on the outside, i thought there was a rule that states if you are alongside, you need to let a car’s width of space…
1. It was the similar move that seems to be ok in f1. Drivers are allowed to push others off the track if they do it in corner exits. Hamilton pushed rosberg off the track at least dozens of times and I don’t think anybody except rosberg has been given penalty for it.
1. The Skeptic
18th May 2017, 14:43
Rosberg was penalised for pushing off at the corner entry.
At the corner exit, it is expected that the car might understeer in hard racing.
At the corner entry, it can only be the driver that understeers…..
1. The difference is that Rosberg was behind at the braking point. Both in Austria and in Germany.
You are only allowed to take the racing line when you are in the lead and Rosberg wasn’t. So he should have held his own line and leave the opponent enough space on track.
Vettel was ahead of Hamilton and therefore Vettel was allowed to stay on the racing line and Hamilton should yield.
2. The understeering explanation is pure nonsense. Drivers have control of their cars. Depending what kind of line the driver chooses in the corner dictates whether he will drive the other car off the road or not. It is a choise. And because the car on the outside is always in weaker position it is always beneficial for the car on the inside to push the other one off the track. Some drivers like hamilton do this everytime, some drivers like vettel do it sometimes. Some drivers rarely if ever do it (ricciardo, alonso, raikkonen)
2. That is absolutely correct, Hamilton has taken from where Schumacher had left and has made it the de facto rule in F1. Not that it is of everyone’s liking. I would much prefer if one couldn’t push wide a car that is at least half alongside. It would be consistent with the treatment of the corner entry, and it would make for better racing – easier to pass, battles lasting for several corners. What more could you expect from a very straightforward rule change ?
As for understeering, what Hamilton usually does and what Vettel did in Spain is clearly deliberate – and why would they not do it deliberately, since it is OK with the stewards.
1. You don’t understand the actual rules. The driver who is ahead has the rights to the racing line.
It’s just the idiotic Mercedes/Wolff dictate that necessitate Hamilton coming up with nonsensical excuses like “understeering”. He was completely in his right to hold the line. Rosberg did exactly the same back in cases where he was ahead. Sometimes even when he wasn’t … and then he would get penalised. It really is that simple.
2. It was a non incident that annoying numpties keep bringing up
3. Neil (@neilosjames)
18th May 2017, 20:38
You only need to leave a car’s width on a straight when defending a position on the approach to corners. It doesn’t apply in corners.
In corners, generally – with the stewards, and by the rule book, and by how it should be – it’s OK to push a rival wide if you yourself maintain a normal, or very close to normal, racing line. You’ll only get in trouble if you veer away from a normal line in order to force the other car off (Rosberg to Hamilton in Austria last year, for example).
5. Another small change I’ve noticed this year (it may have happened sooner, but I’ve only noticed it in 2017) is that the stewards notifications now say incidents are ‘noted’ rather than ‘under investigation’. It’s a small change in terminology but feels far less heavy handed somehow. More ‘don’t worry, we saw it’ than ‘hold on, we’re just choosing a penalty’.
1. @bookoi
Yeah, that’s a smart little change. Of course, it means 100% the same thing. But it’s a known fact that meaningless words can heavily influence our perception.
1. Like when a little wheel goes round on your computer with the words connecting or working when you know full well it isnt
2. Not exactly. “Noted” means the stewards are aware of the incident. “Investigating” means they’re actually looking into it.
I’ve seen a number of incidents which were noted, but not investigated (Hamilton running off at turn 1 in Spain, for instance).
I’m curious if Keith’s stats are for “investigated” incidents, or “noted” incidents, since it would probably make a difference in the first bar of his graph.
The stewards do seem more likely to write off incidents as “racing accidents”– last year, if two cars touched, there was going to be an investigation and probably a penalty.
2. Well spotted. I also noticed and liked the change. For the casual fan “investigated” sounds much more serious than “noted” and will bring them to the sport as well.
Keith, one more thing you should check on is how many Lap 1 incidents have been investigated and penalized compared to last year. I believe that has been the largest change.
3. @bookoi
It hasnt replaced the “under investigation” message which is still there when something is indeed under investigation.
I think its more like “Dont worry everyone the stewards saw what happened and its ok”
4. Pat Ruadh (@fullcoursecaution)
18th May 2017, 18:16
I’d like to see them hand out ‘warnings’ rather than ‘5 second penalties’ for minor misdemeanours, then give a drive through if they offend again. Maybe they could even carry over to the next race. Personally I find it preferable when the finishing order is the order on the road. Tacking on 5 and 10 second penalties dilutes the purity a little
5. I’m getting the feeling they’re issuing these ‘noted’ declarations in an attempt to get the drivers and teams to stop moaning about the incident on the radio: “Yes, we saw what happened, so you can calm down and stop the playacting.”
6. Good to see far less interference from Stewards. Although some of their actions still are puzzling.
7. I am just so glad they let that ridiculous ‘Verstappen’ rule go. Vettel v Bottas was epic. But Bottas would have been punished under it.
1. Every single rule that spawned from Verstappen showing everyone how to drive is stupid.
The only good thing about that rule is that only Vettel got punished by it.
2. The Vettel v Bottas overtake wasn’t the same as the Verstappen rule. Vettel faked moves behind Bottas, once he had made his move down the inside, Bottas didn’t move. Verstappen on the other hand would have waited for Vettel to make his move then cut him off in the braking zone !
Imho they should have kept the Verstappen rule, it’s dangerous.
8. The rulings of the stewards are inconsistent:
* Wehrlein was given a five second penalty for diving into the pitlane late and passing a bollard on the wrong side. This affected no other driver and put no-one at risk, yet Wehrlein was penalised and ultimately lost the seventh place finish he had earned.
* After his ambitious overtaking attempt on Vettel, Hamilton left the track and rejoined immediately instead of passing the bollard as he should have. In doing so, he gained a clear advantage – or rather, did not suffer the disadvantage that adhering to the rules would have entailed – yet the stewards chose to take no action. This ultimately decided the race as Hamilton rejoined close enough to Vettel to retain DRS and was able to overtake him.
This inconsistency hurts F1 in the long run.
1. Sorry Henrik but your comment is flat out wrong. Firstly the pitlane entry line has been a rule for years and many drivers have had a penalty because of it.
When it comes to the Hamilton vs Vettel incident then the first point to note is Hamilton did nothing wrong. The rule was if a driver goes left of the kerb they must re join by also going left of the cone. Hamilton didn’t go left of the kerb therefore didn’t need to go left of the cone.
1. No Tom, you obviously do not get it and are blinded by having a favourite who in your eyes can do no wrong. According to the RULES, BOTH Wehrlein AND Hamilton should have been penalised because they were in breach of them equally! You see Tom, the RULE is that if you go off the track you must rejoin in a safe manner and that is defined as passing on the correct side of the bollard. Hamilton did not do that, therefore he DID something wrong – he broke the rules. Furthermore, by doing so he gained an advantage, one that ultimately resulted in his “winning” the race.
Now get this: Even if you think Hamilton “did nothing wrong” the rules MUST apply equally to all drivers whether their names are Hamilton or Vettel, Wehrlein or Palmer. Nor should it matter for which team they drive or the reace position they were in. Break the rule, incur the penalty.
1. @Henrik
They are completly different rules and put in place to deal with entierly different issues. That alone would make this an useless comparison but add to that the fact that Hamilton didnt even break the rule and Pascal gained his fine P8 through this maneuver despite the penalty, what are you even talking about???
2. But get this @Henrik Hamilton didn’t break a rule ! That’s a fact not my personal opinion. I completely agree, break a rule and get a penalty BUT he didn’t break a rule.
They have the exact same rule in place in Canada so this is nothing new.
9. Mark (@iceman153)
18th May 2017, 18:40
This analysis should only be including the incidents spawned from on track car interactions here, as their intent was to be more lenient with on track incidents, not for gearbox changes due to mechanical failues, or for that silly force india driver number issue. If these are filtered out I think you might see that they have been more lenient.
1. Exactly. A bit of constructive criticism for a great website: As @iceman153 says, half of the data in this article are irrelevant. Apart from that, the other half of the data are lacking: Among the investigations following on track infractions, what kind of infractions caused them? The difference is huge between having, say, 20 investigations for causing a collition and 20 investigations for cutting a corner.
Honda, you mean.
This is the central problem in analysing the situation. If the drivers are all well-behaved in year 1 but drive like hooligans in year 2 then a rise in investigations wouldn’t be evidence of tougher stewarding. The best we can do is look at the number of investigations which result in a penalty, a figure which has clearly shown a steep decline. The raw number of investigations is dependent on the behaviour of both the drivers and the stewards, and teasing out the distinction is difficult ans subjective.
Over a large number of events you would expect the number of genuine driver infractions to approach a mean value, but five races is too few to rely on this.
1. Edit: the fraction of investigations that result in a penalty.
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} | 473 | Vol. 2, Issue #8 May 11th - May 24th, 2007
Film Review: Who the #$&% Is Jackson Pollock? (Picturehouse)
By: Wilhelm Murg
Harry Moses directed over 100 stories for “Sixty Minutes” and this documentary is told in the very same flat style. The film follows the plight of Teri Horton, a retired truck driver who went to a thrift shop fifteen years ago and found an unsigned painting she thought was so ugly that she bought it for $5 to take to her friend’s trailer so they could throw darts at it. Fortunately, it was too big to get through the trailer door, so she eventually tried to unload it in a garage sale where a local art teacher saw it and thought it could be an original painting by the father of the abstract expressionist movement, the late Jackson Pollock. The title comes from Teri’s reaction to the news. Every dealer Teri contacted either dismissed the idea of it being a Pollack out of hand, or simply never called her back.
Teri’s son contacted a forensics expert, Peter Paul Biro, who uses CSI-styled testing to authenticate works of art. Biro found a fingerprint on the back of the painting and was able to prove that it matched a fingerprint found on a paint can that is on display in Pollock’s historic studio, yet no matter how much evidence piled up – even enough to convict a man of murder – the established art experts refuse to have anything to do with Horton or her painting. The reason given is the lack of provenance, however other original Pollocks have been found in dumps– the artist thought nothing of throwing out paintings he didn’t like.
The film shows the old school New York art establishment, the ones who have been eclipsed by the “Juxtapoz” crowd over the last decade, as a citadel that is obsessed in keeping it’s interest in the upper class. The forensics evidence pushes them into a corner, where the “expertise” of these curators and dealers was defeated by scientific method, and they conspire to shoot down this new form of authentication. But the film also shows that Horton is equally insane in her Philistine interest; she turned down an $8 million dollar offer for the painting out of principal –and because someone told her it could be worth $25 million.
By the end it becomes obvious that the actual image is absolutely immaterial to anyone involved. This wild goose chase has nothing to do with art; it’s all a money game to attach a famous name to the painting so that it has monetary value.
The film raises questions of class, art vs. science, and the validity of the American art market in general. In the end the film refuses to answer any of the questions, but simply shows that sad state of today’s art establishment.
NONzine Reviews Main Page
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} | 1,154 | Making Panic Purchase Of Chic lebron james jersey cheap A Clear Sale In Online Store
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Kelsey exhibition focuses on food in ancient times
Food for the living, food for the deceased---the current exhibition at the Kelsey Museum of Archaeology covers it all. From grain mummy to the god of wine and ecstasy, "A Taste of the Ancient World" contains artifacts ranging from a winnowing fork and grain scoop to a drinking cup used at a Greek drinking party from which a youth would gradually emerge at the cup's bottom, crushing grapes before the drinker's very eyes.
A part of the University's theme semester, "Food in Global History," the Kelsey exhibition will continue through Dec. 24.
photos of pots and vesselsThe dietary habits and agricultural activities of ancient Karanis are demonstrated through plant remains of wheat and lentils in the exhibit. Dry conditions helped preserve these fragile specimens and their survival helped researchers reconstruct life in Karanis as it existed more than 1,500 years ago. A sieve made of palm leafs and sticks as well as a mortar and pestle and household vessels for storing liquids are included in the exhibition, as are flasks and glasses and amphorae used to transport wine and olive oil. A carved relief, intended to provide food to the deceased for eternity, contains text that reads as a passage invoking this "food" for the deceased soul and the blessings of the gods upon it. | http://www.ur.umich.edu/9697/Nov12_96/artcl07.htm | robots: classic
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} | 2,386 | Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente
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This name uses Spanish naming customs: the first or paternal family name is Rodríguez and the second or maternal family name is de la Fuente.
Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente
Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente portrait.
Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente portrait.
Born Félix Samuel Rodríguez de la Fuente
(1928-03-14)March 14, 1928
Poza de la Sal, Castilla y León, Spain
Died March 14, 1980(1980-03-14) (aged 52)
Shaktoolik, Alaska, USA
Resting place Poza de la Sal Cemetery (1980); Burgos Cemetery (1981-present)
Nationality Spanish
Alma mater Valladolid University
Occupation Naturalist
Spouse(s) Marcelle Geneviève Parmentier Lepied
Children María de las Mercedes Geneviève
Leticia Jimena
Odile Patricia
Parent(s) Samuel Rodríguez
Marcelina de la Fuente Ibáñez
Relatives Mercedes Rodríguez de la Fuente (sister)
Félix Samuel Rodríguez de la Fuente (March 14, 1928 – March 14, 1980) contributed to the popularization of science, Spanish naturalist and broadcaster. He is best known for the highly successful and influential TV series, El Hombre y la Tierra (1975–1980).[1] Degree in medicine and self-taught in biology, he was a multifaceted charismatic figure whose influence has endured despite the passing years.[2] His knowledge covered areas such as falconry[3] and ethology, emphasizing the study of wolves. Rodríguez de la Fuente also served as expedition guide and photographer on safaris in Africa, lecturer and writer, and contributed greatly to environmental awareness in Spain at a time when Conservationism was unheard of in the country. His impact was not only national but also international and it is estimated[by whom?] that his television programs, which was broadcast in many countries, has been seen by millions. He died in Alaska while shooting a documentary about the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race, when the Cessna 185 aircraft carrying him along with two Spanish cameramen and the American pilot crashed, killing all on board.
Early years[edit]
Jesús Mosterín, Hugo van Lawick and Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente (right) in Africa (1969).
Félix Samuel Rodríguez de la Fuente was born in Poza de la Sal (Burgos, Spain) on March 14, 1928. His was the son of Samuel Rodríguez and Marcelina de la Fuente Ibáñez. He had a younger sister, Mercedes. His father was the town notary, and avid reader and a lover of the Spanish language. His household was somewhat intellectual for a small Castillian village. He was schooled at home due to the Civil War (1936 - 1939) and his father's opposition to early schooling. Felix adventures into the surrounding natural world were continuous until he was ten. He would describe his birthplace as a "human community living in harmony with the landscape" that shaped his "zoomorphic universe." This environment had a deep impact on his future sensitivity, and his anthropological and philosophical approach to his career as a naturalist. He spent the summers in Santander (Cantabria, Spain), where his father was appointed as a notary.[4] He deepened his knowledge of izoology. During a family outing he observed a Falcon capturing a duck. This experience prompted his interest in falconry. He began his formal education in 1938 as an intern at the religious school Sagrados Corazonistas de Vitoria. There, he longed for the summer and his lost freedom.
In 1946, on the advice of his father, began studying medicine at the University of Valladolid. The first year, excited after seven years at boarding school and the leisure offered by the city, he only registered for the three easiest courses and performed poorly as a student. In later years, he used to locked himself up a month before the exams in order to focus on his studies. His oratory abilities allowed him to stand out in the oral exams. He was also a university athlete, once winning the 400 meter college championship. During this year the biologist José Antonio Valverde becomes very influential. Valverde gained international attention after fighting the plans of the Ministry of Agriculture to dry out the Guadalquivir marshes, which eventually led to the creation of Doñana National Park. In addition, Valverde shared his passion for falconry, which had not been practiced in Spain for over 150 years. Felix was determined to recover it. He researched treaties from the Middle Ages such as El libro de la caza de las aves by Lopez de Ayala and El libro de la caza by Don Juan Manuel. In 1954, he was one of the signatories of the founding charter of the Spanish Ornithological Society.
In 1957, he graduated from dentistry in Madrid receiving the Landete Arago Bernardino award, named after the pioneer of the specialty in Spain. For two years, he worked as a dentist in the clinic of Dr. Baldomero Sol in Madrid, but always half-time so that he could pursue his passion for falconry. However, after his father's death in 1960, he left dentistry to pursue falconry and science journalism. In 1961 he was a consultant for the film The Cid, shot in Spain. In 1964, thanks to his growing international contacts with scientists, Felix presented a study on the status of peregrine falcons in Spain at the International Congress for the Protection of Birds of Prey held in Caen, (France). That year, he also published his first book,The art of falconry.
Public Acclaim[edit]
Between 1970 and 1974, his first documentary series, Planeta Azul, would gain him public acclaim, especially in Spanish-speaking countries. In December 1973, Felix began his Radio Nacional de España radio program, La Aventura de la Vida, which was broadcast every Thursday for seven years reaching over 350 episodes. He frequently collaborated with the programs Planeta agua and Objetivo: salvar la naturaleza. During these years, he took up a number of conservationist causes. He initiated a campaign for the rescue of animals under the threat of extinction, most notably the wolf, which probably owes its survival in the Iberian peninsula to him. Wolves are now extinct in most countries in Western Europe; the remaining populations in central Spain struggled for survival. His work inspired appreciation and respect for the wolf, but at the cost of confrontation with shepherds and hunters. He also placed his efforts on the protection of the brown bear, the lynx, the golden eagle and the imperial eagle. He also worked to preserve various Spanish habitats such as the dunes of El Saler, the Doñana National Park, the Tablas de Daimiel National Park, the Monte del Pardo, and the Gallocanta lake. Throughout the 1970s he undertook various publishing projects such as the Wildlife Salvat Encyclopedia (1970-1973) composed by a team of young biologists including Miguel Delibes de Castro, Javier Castroviejo, Cosme Carlos Morillo, and Vallecillo, among others. Completing weekly 24-page booklets of the encyclopedia was a three-year challenge. In Spain, the encyclopaedia sold eighteen million volumes. It was subsequently translated into fourteen languages and published in five continents, becoming a major reference work - Delibes recalled years later finding the encyclopedia among the shelves of museums of natural sciences throughout Europe. Felix also published the Salvat Encyclopedia of the Iberian and European Fauna coordinated by Joaquín Araujo, and the books El Hombre y la Tierra, Los cuadernos de campo as well as the encyclopedia, La Aventura de la Vida, published posthumously.
El Hombre y la Tierra[edit]
Between 1973 and 1980 he created his most famous documentary series, El Hombre y la Tierra (Spanish for Men and Earth) which was divided into three parts: the Iberian, South American, and North American series. The Iberian series consisted of three parts and an unfinished fourth part. The South American series was filmed in 1973 in Venezuela in Los Llanos, the Orinoco and Amazon basins. Originally conceived as an eight-episode production, enough material was filmed for eighteen episodes. Unfortunately, only the episodes of Canada and Alaska of the American series were filmed due to his premature death. The complete series included 124 episodes, most of them shot in Spain. They used 35 mm film, which posed significant logistic and technical challenges at the time. The series gained international recognition. Its memorable soundtrack composed by Antón García Abril soon became recognizable to all. Notable accomplishments of the series included the filming of species for the first time, such as the Pyrenean desman. Using imprinted animals that had become accustomed to human presence, but retained their natural behavioral patterns,[5] his team filmed stunning images. Among them, wolf hunting sequences and the golden eagle capturing a mouflon are notorious. The sequences shot with wolves required him to become a member of the herd during the imprinting process. The series was broadcast in many countries gaining large audiences. In Spain, it was awarded (Premio Ondas, Antena de Oro) and internationally (Monte Carlo Television Festival). It is noteworthy that the episodes did not include a pre-filming script: Felix improvised the development of each chapter. In April 1980, the city of Burgos awarded him the Gold Medal of the City posthumously.[6]
Monument to Felix Rodriguez de la Fuente at the San Jose cemetery, Burgos (Spain). Sculpture by Pablo Serrano.
On March 4, 1980 Felix presented in the Centro Cultural de la Villa (Madrid) a document entitled Global Strategy for the Protection of Biodiversity and Sustainable Growth issued by the International Union for Conservation of Nature before the kings of Spain as special guests. He flew to Alaska on the 10th along with the filming crew of El hombre y la tierra to film the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race. The team hired pilot Tony Oney and his partner Warren Dobson, whose son was to become commander of aviation and would later marry a Spanish pilot. Most of the team travelled in Oney's small Cessna. Oney's plane sustained a small oil leak. Felix, who was afraid to fly, decided in the last minute to fly in Dobson's aircraft. Shortly before take off he commented "what a beautiful spot to die." After taking off from Unalakleet, the two planes initiated a course toward the Pacific coast. After a short while, one of the ski boots of Dobson's plane came loose causing the plane to become unbalanced and to crash. Because of insufficient altitude, the experience pilot could not recover the plane. All passengers including Televisión Española cameraman Teodoro Roa and the assistant Alberto Mariano Huéscar died in the accident. Oney landed nearby being the first to reach the site of the crash. The exact location of the tragedy was Shaktoolik, an Inuit settlement about 25 kilometers from the coast of the Bering Sea, not far from Klondike. This area had long lived in Felix's imagination since his readings of Jack London as a teenager.
Alaska police recovered the bodies, which were then deposited in the morgue at Nome to be repatriated to Spain shortly after. Rodríguez de la Fuente had been slightly ill earlier that week as a result of a painful toothache, but twelve hours before his death he was in perfect shape and making plans for two new films: one on the albatross of Cordova, Alaska, and another on the Aleutian Islands.
While in North America, Rodríguez de la Fuente and his team had become popular in the Canadian Yukon: in Dawson City, Whitehorse, and Yellowknife; and in Alaska: in Nome, Anchorage, and Fairbanks. The headline of one of the local newspaper read: "Farewell to the Spanish Jack London."
According to the American register of aviation accidents, the crash took place at 12:30, March 14, 1980, Alaska local time. That day was his 52nd birthday. News of the accident was released in Spain a few hours later, early in the morning of March 15. His death shocked the country.
Felix was buried in the cemetery of his hometown of Poza de la Sal (Burgos, Spain) with thousands in attendance. In June 1981, at the request of his widow, Marcelle Parmentier, his remains were exhumed and transferred to Burgos cemetery. The pantheon was designed by architect Miguel Fisac and sculptor Pablo Serrano. The controversial transfer was made at night to prevent confronting the inhabitants and authorities of Poza de la Sal who wished his remains to stay at his birthplace.
His legacy[edit]
Felix's philosophy was founded in an evolutionary view of living organisms. Through evolution, species adapt and improve, but also gain in beauty, which he claimed was a byproduct of evolutionary fitness. However, he thought that the optimal fitness of humans had passed. Felix believed that the ideal epoch of humanity was the Hunter-gatherer culture during the Magdalenian era (Upper Palaeolithic, 15,000 years ago). During this period humans achieved great ecological and cultural success, while living harmoniously with nature. He believed that "the Neolithic initiated a culture of abuse and subjugation that continues to this day." He proposed to recover cultural elements from our Paleolithic past: behaviors that lie at the core of our species and that we crave for.
Inspired by authors such as Teilhard de Chardin and Remy Chauvin, came to conceive a future world where humans lived in harmony with nature and themselves. Development of collective thinking and creativity, prioritization of the individual's spare time to promote self-development, and promotion of appreciation for nature seemed to be fundamental elements to this view.
His philosophy could be labelled as a form of vitalist humanism aimed at generating healthy individuals engaged in a continuous improvement of society. Felix emphasized that a generalized appreciation for nature requires an accurate reconstruction and awareness of natural history. Felix believed that modern individualism is detrimental to the development of cooperative patterns of behavior, which would only be possible in small communities of 5,000 individuals or less.
He was well aware of the catastrophic prospects of a civilization resting upon individual achievement, eternal economical growth, and destruction of nature. Felix had a deep appreciation for scientific research. He hoped that sciences will eventually lead cultural evolution and bring back the favorable fruits of animistic thought: men and earth understood as a single living community.
This philosophy provides some context to his interest in falconry: a form of hunting not involving deception, or supreme advantage over nature (cf., fire arms hunting).
Rodríguez de la Fuente Foundation[edit]
Starting in 2004 the foundation that bears his name has take on the challenge to disseminate Rodríguez de la Fuente's legacy. The foundation promotes a number of conservation initiatives. Their mission statement is "to promote awareness and social involvement to create positive changes that encourage a more harmonious relation between ‘man and earth’"[7] The current president is Rodriguez de la Fuente's widow, Marcelle Parmentier. Their three daughters Odille, Leticia, and María de las Mercedes are members of the board of directors.[8]
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} | 806 | ‘We prefer made-in-China to second-hand footwear’
KARACHI: “Buy a watch for Rs200, watches for Rs200 only,” called out a vendor with a cart full of shining wrist watches of all types and colours in Bohri Bazaar.
Asked if the watches at that price would even be durable, the man smiled broadly to said: “Of course, they are durable. They are made in China!”
Another vendor selling similar watches at a little distance while confirming that they were also made in China said he had watches priced from Rs50 to Rs350. “The Rs350 watches include a stopwatch, too,” he said. “It’s Chinese stuff, therefore reasonably priced, so why not?” he said.
At Zainab Market and the other ready-made garment stores around it, parents with armies of children were busy selecting Eid clothes for them. “Well, our Eid preparation is all done. We are only here for the kids,” said a father, Ghulam Kibria, counting the little heads surrounding him to check he wasn’t missing anyone.
And why leave the kids’ shopping till the end? “Ready-made clothes can be bought any time so their shopping is never an issue. As for us, we had to first buy the material and then do the rounds of tailors,” he said.
The children needed not just new clothes but new shoes as well. “The clothes and shoes made in China are reasonably priced, yes, but not so durable. See, I just touched this strap and the buckle came off,” said Perveen Kausar, a mother selecting footwear for her children near Zainab Market.
“Still, we prefer ‘made in China’ to Lunda Bazaar,” commented Zubaida Bibi, an elderly woman there. “I got vests, socks and so many other things so cheap and it was all China-made. Also the shoes that are made in China are so reasonably-priced and big on variety. Why buy second-hand when you are getting new stuff at the same price?” she said.
Meanwhile, some mothers argued with the shopkeeper to bring out a bigger size for a dress or shirt they liked for their daughter or son only to be informed by the shopkeeper that he thought the one she had would fit the child perfectly. The customer was not always right in the shopkeepers’ eyes.
The Eid shopping rush at shopping centres everywhere has forced the traffic police to take extra measures to prevent the roads from clogging up. Though private vehicles were allowed to enter various commercial areas, public transport such as rickshaws and taxis were not allowed in. In many areas the private cars were also requested to drop passengers and part at a distance.
Con women and pickpockets
Not just traffic police, regular police personnel also remained vigilant. Sub-Inspector Surayya Hussain at Gulf Shopping Centre near Teen Talwar said she had caught three women pickpockets only a day earlier at the shopping centre. “Some people aren’t really interested in shopping though they pretend to be. They are looking to steal from you instead. One woman shopper here recently didn’t even realise that she was only carrying her purse straps while her purse had been cut off and taken away by some thug. And by the time she noticed it was too late,” the SI said.
Another con woman outside the shopping centre was telling people that she had been robbed and needed at least Rs150 for a taxi fare to reach home. But she wasn’t stopping asking for the amount after receiving it from one or two simpletons.
Apart from them there were also other people at various shopping centres who had not really come there for shopping. “My daughter had fever and has been rather miserable all evening so I brought her here to show her all the lights,” smiled Sehrish, a young mother holding and rocking a teary-eyed infant in her arms outside Gold Mark shopping centre on Korangi Road in Defence Phase-I.
Inside the shopping centre, the unstitched clothes shops and the bangles and cone henna shops wore a vacant look but there were plenty of customers at the footwear, ready-made garment and trinket shops. Ahmed Tareen, vice president of Gold Mark, explained that the unstitched material shops had few customers “because the tailors are no longer taking orders”.
Many young women while ignoring the bangle shops made a beeline for the hair clips and trinket shops where the shopkeeper announced each item cost Rs30. “Well these things are all part of last-minute shopping. And being so cheap makes them more attractive for us,” laughed Asma Hanif, a young shopper.
As for the women not interested in the cone henna packs, it was explained by a woman in a burqa, who declined to give her name, that these days everyone was aware that the packs contained less natural ingredients and more chemicals. “We eat with our hands, feed our children with our hands, who would want chemicals on their hands? No thank you,” she said.
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Born: 30 October 1893
Died: 24 December 1972 (heart failure)
Birthplace: Acri, Calabria, Italy
Best known as: Mail-order bodybuilding expert
Name at birth: Angelo Siciliano
For much of the 20th century Charles Atlas was America's most famous muscle man. Atlas immigrated from Italy as a boy, and in his teens he built up his physique using a system of bodybuilding which he later dubbed "Dynamic Tension." In 1928 he met businessman Charles Roman; the two men founded Charles Atlas, Ltd. and began selling bodybuilding courses by mail. Atlas advertisements appeared in comic books and magazines and made Atlas into a pop culture icon; his most famous ad, a cartoon in which a scrawny young man resolves to bulk up after a bully kicks sand in his face, ran for years. (Atlas also popularized the phrase "97-pound weakling.") The company was a great success and continued on after Atlas's death in 1972.
Extra credit: Atlas won a "Most Perfectly Developed Man" contest at Madison Square Garden in 1922, and continued to use the title the rest of his life... Atlas is no relation to the late 20th century electronic artist of the same name.
More on Charles Atlas from Fact Monster:
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The Tassilo Chalice, c. 780 (reproduction)
Tassilo III (c. 741 – c. 796) was the duke of Bavaria from 748 to 788, the last of the house of the Agilolfings.
Tassilo, then still a child, began his rule as a Frankish ward under the tutelage of his uncle,[1] the Carolingian Mayor of the Palace Pepin the Short (later king) after Tassilo's father, Duke Odilo of Bavaria, had died in 748 and Pepin’s half-brother Grifo had tried to seize the duchy for himself. Pepin removed Grifo and installed the young Tassilo as duke, but under Frankish overlordship.
Later, in 757, according to the Royal Frankish Annals, Tassilo became Pepin’s vassal for his lands at an assembly held at Compiègne. There he is reported to have sworn numerous oaths to Pepin and promised fealty to him and his sons, Charles and Carloman. However, this highly legalistic account is quite out of character for the period; K. L. Pearson has suggested[2] that it probably represents a reworking of the original document by the annalist to emphasise Charlemagne’s overlordship over Tassilo during the period of hostilities between the two rulers.
Around 760 Tassilo married Liutperga, daughter of the Lombard king Desiderius continuing a tradition of Lombardo-Bavarian connections. He made several journeys to Italy to visit his father in law and to establish political relations with the pope. It is reported that Tassilo had gained such a reputation that he was regarded as a kingly ruler when his cousins Charles and Carloman assumed power in the Frankish realm in 768.[1] That year he founded Gars Abbey on the Inn River in southern Bavaria.[3] He was however not able to protect the pope against Lombard expansions which has been seen as a reason for Rome's lack of supporting Tassilo in his later conflict with Charlemagne. Still, there is consensus among historians that Tassilo despite his acting as a kingly sovereign did not intend to become king himself.[1]
From the Frankish point of view, in 763 Tassilo defaulted on his military obligations to Pepin, leaving the Frankish campaign in Aquitaine on grounds of ill health. Pearson suggests that he left out of a feeling of obligation to the Aquitanians in light of an earlier alliance made between Tassilo’s father and the Aquitanian duke during his conflict with Pepin in 743. Whatever the motivations behind Tassilo's abandoning the campaign, the Royal Frankish Annals for that year are particularly scathing of him, saying that he "brushed aside his oaths and all his promises and sneaked away on a wicked pretext". Working on the premise, argued by Pearson, that these annals may have been revised to emphasise Tassilo as a vassal suggests that this was the beginning of a campaign to depict Tassilo as an oath-breaker and as one unprepared to carry out the main function of his office, namely, to fight, making him unfit for rule.
This incident was the linchpin in Charlemagne and Pope Hadrian I’s argument that Tassilo was not an independent prince, but a rebellious vassal deserving punishment. This punishment was carried out, after much political maneuvering during a diet in the Imperial Palace Ingelheim, in 788, when Tassilo was finally deposed and entered a monastery. In 794, Tassilo was made once more, at the synod of Frankfurt, to renounce his and his family's claims to Bavaria.
1. ^ a b c Jahn, Wolfgang (2012). "Der Herzog und der König [The Duke and the King]". Damals (in German). Vol. 44 no. 4. pp. 16–23.
2. ^ Kathy Lynne Roper Pearson, Conflicting Loyalties in Early Medieval Bavaria: a View of Socio-Political Interaction, 680–900. (Aldershot: Ashgate), 1999.
3. ^ "Geschichte". Kloster Gars. Retrieved 2013-12-08.
Preceded by
Duke of Bavaria
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Start Pups Right
Start Pups Right
“Oh poor thing! Look how skinny. I can see its ribs! Poor little puppy. It’s starving to death.”
How many times each year is something like that said in America? The folks saying it mean well, but they don’t do well. Most likely they’ll take that puppy home and feed it ... and feed it and feed it until it becomes a poster child for our nation’s idea of a cute, cuddly, adorable fat puppy. Later in life it will die on average two years sooner than dogs that were skinny puppies, according to veterinarian, research scientist and orthopedic surgeon James L. Cook of the University of Missouri.
“Puppies should be on the skinny side,” he explained during a recent Purina sporting dog summit near St. Louis. Showing his audience a slide of a cherubic, overstuffed Labrador puppy, Cook stated the obvious: “This is the average American’s idea of a healthy puppy. It’s not. Overfeeding leads to all kinds of orthopedic disorders and injuries.”
So how do you know the difference between too fat and too skinny? “Feed to the Purina Body Conditioning Chart numbers 4 and 5,” was Cook’s quick and simple answer. If you haven’t seen this chart hanging on a veterinarian’s wall, Google it. Descriptions and diagrams explain things plain and simple. For instance, No. 4 states: “Ribs easily palpable, with minimal fat covering. Waist easily noted, viewed from above. Abdominal tuck evident.” Illustrations accompanying the chart show overhead and side views of a dog with these characteristics. Match them in your pup.
As for the food itself, any of the higher-grade puppy foods will suffice. “And don’t waste your money on supplements,” Cook added. “No extra calcium, vitamin C or glucosamine are needed. If you insist on supplementing vitamin C and want to reduce cost, capture your dog’s urine, dry it and take it yourself because all that vitamin C will be in it.”
Chondroitin and glucosamine, according to Cook and other vets at the seminar, have been shown to slow or halt joint degeneration in older dogs, but never prevent or reverse it.Puppies should be started on solid food gradually while still nursing from the dam, sometime between 4 and 6 weeks. Arleigh Reynolds, Alaska veterinarian and sled dog racer, recommended placing a slurry of dry puppy kibble in a shallow pan and plopping the puppy in it. As it licks its paws to clean them, it discovers something tasty, and the transition begins. By 8 weeks, pups are ready for a steady diet of solid food.
Reynolds has a nifty system for determining quantity at each feeding. “Put the food down and quietly let the pup chow down. As soon as he stops, looks away or shows disinterest, remove any remaining food. This not only prevents overfeeding, but trains the pup to eat when it’s feeding time. This can prevent fussy eaters and save you a bit of time down the road.”
Many vets recommend feeding puppies four times a day, especially toy breeds. Reynolds suggested twice a day for most hunting breeds, which is probably smart if you’re trying to prevent overeating and excess weight. When an average-sized dog (again, most hunting breeds) is 6 to 8 months old, Reynolds begins a once-per-day feeding schedule and sticks to it. Based on the success of his racing dogs, this works. His teams have won International Sled Dog Racing Association medals seven times, including two golds, and he’s the reigning International Federation of Sled Dog Sports World Champion.
DMV Jennell Appel, a specialist in soft-tissue injuries and sporting dog rehabilitation, recommended hunters properly stretch, train and exercise their four-legged athletes, starting when they are pups. “Start by carefully and regularly observing your dogs as they grow,” she said at the seminar. “That will make it easier to notice slight changes in their gait that can signal injuries.” Appel noted that sporting dogs with a strong desire to hunt are masters at masking injuries, even severe ones. You want to catch them before they get worse. The other thing she recommended was a regular “laying on of hands.” Feel your pup regularly. Run your hands down its limbs, between its toes. Stretch out each leg. Get pup used to being handled while you simultaneously learn what sound limbs and muscles feel like. Yes, massage not only appeals to dogs, but can help them through muscle strains.
With a dog that tolerates hands-on massage, you are set to train for core strength, which, like not overfeeding, can prevent a lot of muscle and joint injuries. (Also remember: Don’t keep your dog on a concrete floor or kennel run. Over a lifetime, that’s hard on joints.) These things will put any puppy on a path to a long, successful and injury-free career in the field.
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} | 360 | Category: Most Asked Questions:
Why won’t the Surgeon Operate on my Spine?
There are legitimate reasons why a Surgeon will not offer elective spine surgery on patients. Bear in mind, we are talking ELECTIVE SPINE SURGERY, not emergency surgery. As you know, elective surgery may definitely be warranted, as the patient has debilitating pain, or loss of function that does not improve with non surgical care. […]
A Loss of Lordosis
Is it Bad News? We see it frequently on MRI reports, especially in patients who were in car accidents, “there is a loss of lordosis in the cervical spine”. It sounds scary and is often followed by the information that this is “often caused by spasm in the neck and upper back”. Is this something […]
Why am I Shrinking?
Tell me how tall you are. If you are have not been measured in a few years, my bet is that you are shorter than you think you are and most likely shorter than you were 10 years ago. Due to the aging of bones, joints, muscles and discs, we are getting a little shorter […]
Where is That Pain coming From?
Many people with neck and back problems are often disturbed by the fact that they have pain but the physician tells them that the herniated disc on the MRI is not causing the pain they are feeling. How does he know? Let’s talk…. A dermatome refers to an area of skin that is innervated by […]
Posted on
Is Cervical (neck) Fusion Surgery Considered a Radical Solution?
Many people are both upset and frightened when their spine surgeon recommends a fusion as a solution to their neck problems. An anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), in the properly selected patient, has a very high success rate, with very satisfied patients. In our practice, patients who elect to have cervical fusion typically have […]
Does Optimism Help Spine Surgery Results?
People who undergo elective spine surgery usually fall into three general groups: 1. Hard charging optimists – People who do not have time for the pain, and dysfunction, of spine problems. These folks are often in a rush to go directly to surgery. 2. Cautious realists – These patients spend appropriate time to understand their problem and the risks […] | https://www.shimspine.com/category/general/most-asked-questions/ | isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-35
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} | 288 | Windows/OS X: CupCloud makes it easy to save and stop your work on one computer and pick right up where you left off on another, or save your session so you can reboot your computer and get right back to work without opening a ton of tabs or applications again.
CupCloud is in public beta right now, but it works like a charm. Just keep CupCloud running in the background on your Windows PC or Mac, and when you need to save your computer's session, just bring up the window and click "Cup" to save your system's current state—that includes open browser windows, open documents, files, and Explorer or Finder windows. Then, when you sit down at your other computer, you can click "uncup" to automatically open the programs you were working in, tabs you were reading, documents you were editing, and so on. It's quick and easy—and you don't have to leave everything open on the other computer for it to work.
Similarly, the app is useful if you suddenly have to reboot—like after a new application install, or because your IT department just pushed new updates to your computer that require a restart. Just Cup your current session, reboot, Uncup it, and you're back to work. You can even share those "cups," or saved sessions, with others so you can work together.
CupCloud isn't perfect—right now it only supports popular web browsers, Microsoft Office, Apple iWork, Finder, Explorer, and Acrobat—but more applications are coming soon as the beta progresses. You'll still have to remember to re-open your IM client, for exampe, or your favorite Twitter app. However, the service is completely free and very useful. Hit the link below to see how it works, and to sign up. | http://lifehacker.com/cupcloud-saves-tabs-and-documents-instantly-loads-them-508844494?autoplay=1 | robots: classic
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} | 733 | Bucks Fighting and the Winner Was.......the Duck!
I just had to relay what happened today when we moved the goats to different pens and pastures.
I've been needing to get the does rearranged in kidding order and penned/pastured accordingly, so today was the day for that. But at the top of my list was getting those two big bucks, Sancho (from the Farmers) and Blanco (from Coni Ross) together so they could just go ahead and settle their differences and hopefully quit trying to tear the gates off the hinges to prove their machismo. They've been eyeballing each other from different pastures and have snorted, bellowed, butted, and strutted to out-do the other one until they've just about demolished everything in sight.
Well I'd had just about all I could stand, and they were on my last nerve, so I figured it was time they met face to face. The does got moved first to get them out of range, then we brought Sancho in for worming, etc. and sent him to the front pasture to make Blanco's acquaintance. Oh Lord, the fight was on !!! They're pretty evenly matched in height, weight, and horn length so I figured at least it would be a fair fight.
They fought from the catch pen to the pasture, on top of the remains of a round bale and back down, around and around they went with neither willing to admit defeat. We stood by just in case it came to a life or broken leg situation, but otherwise just stayed out of the way. Blanco cast a sideways look as I put out feed for them, but wasn't about to turn his back on Sancho just to fill his belly. They were locked up at the horns and heading toward the fence where an adopted Muscovy duck was eating the last of her dog food. Joey wanted me to get the duck away from there because he just knew the bucks would surely kill her, but I told him not to worry about the duck....she could handle herself. He didn't believe me.
Sure enough Sancho shoved Blanco against the fence, penning the duck to the panel with Blanco's butt. The next thing we knew that duck was pissed off and came out biting !!! She looked like a machine gun as she hammered Blanco with bites right under his tail. It surprised the heck out of him, and he had no idea what was going on.....he just knew he was catching hell at both ends.
Believe me, a scared buck is strong as an ox, and Blanco was scared! He pushed away from the fence taking Sancho with him. Still locked together at the horns and moving in a "V" position, they moved their fight about thirty feet away, but it was too late.....there's nothing worse than a mad duck! Taking her own sweet time, that duck "stomped" across that pasture like she had her hands on her hips, got right between those bucks, started flapping her big wings spanking them both at once, then she hammered both of them with bites. She was one big blur of action.
She whipped those big bucks like they were stepchildren, and sent them packing!! They hightailed it to the feed tubs with their tails tucked down, and stood face to face eating out of the same tub.........each with an eye on the duck. Meanwhile the duck brushed the dust off her feathers and headed to the pond for some peace and quiet. Her job was finished.
We were in the catch pen laughing so hard it hurt. Joey had never seen the duck in action before so he was really caught off guard...he had no idea she was a fighter. But I've watched her whip up on the does for daring to eat out of the feeder that she had dibs on. Nobody, but nobody, messes with that duck or anything she decides is hers. At least she brought peace to the pasture for one day, and a whole lot of laughter to us the rest of the evening.
I just wish I'd had a video camera with me.
Mona Enderli
Enderli Farms, Baytown, TX
Ken and Pat Motes
Clear Creek Farms
33 South Clear Creek Road
Fall River, Tennessee 38468
Phone: (931) 852-2167
Fax: (931) 852-2168
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} | 357 | How To Save On Windows Training Courses
Whether you are a manager or a team member who wants to improve your knowledge and expertise on certain computer programs, you would always find ways on how you can lower your expenses on enhancement trainings such as Windows training courses. Windows trainings are important to the development of employees since capacitating them would mean better contribution to the organization in terms of productivity. However, trainings can be costly. To minimize the cost, you can ask your HR to facilitate the process so more employees would enrol and you can negotiate the signup fee with the service provider. If you are an individual who wants to get trained and lower the expenses, you can take a look at the following ideas.
Visit different training sites
In order to find the most reasonable fee for Windows training, visit different service providers, both online and offline sources. By doing this, you get an idea where you can enrol and get trained by professionals without spending high fees. When you check on websites, take a look at the instructor’s credentials and professional background. The trainer should have extensive training on the course that he is handling. Choose a training site with positive feedback from learners.
Compare training fees
You can lower your expenses on Windows training courses by visiting different training providers and comparing the training fees. Training providers differ in rates even if they offer similar programs with their competitors. Apart from the price, consider other factors to help you get to a decision. The trainers, customer feedback and fee inclusions are just some of the things that you should factor in.
Search for free training courses online
You can also save your money by looking for free Windows training courses online. There are numerous free courses such as webinars handled by expert trainers or free downloadable sources that you can make use of. Utilize the search engine and look for different online sources. Always check the background of the trainer for more reliability. The only downside of online trainings for free is that you lessons cannot be customized.
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} | 2,092 | Amphibi -An Amphibian race for D&D 5th Edition
Born Strange, Drawn to the Strange
Amphibi, a species of humanoid amphibians. These creatures have been called many things; bullywogs, grippili, frog demons (though, these comments hail from another plane of reality entirely). Some dimension hopping amphibi have even been worshiped by a deranged cult from a plane called Terra. In truth, these are quite distant from the truth. Like many beings descended from Arcadia, realm of the Fey, they were sculpted from strange magic and other creatures. Unlike other beastly folk, the Amphibi are a mystery. Some figure them to be the remains of a fae worshiping cult from a swampy demiplane that wanted to embrace true faerie power. There is little proof of that, plus the amphibi themselves don’t seem to know much about it either.
No matter their origins, they tend to dwell in lush and murky habitats; whether that would be a temperate or a rain forest environment. Their skittish nature pushes them towards isolationism, more than anything. However, they are also quick to attack anything that they cannot trust. Despite all of that, they’re both clever hunters and crafters; creating a bunch of strange little contraptions to make day to day life more interesting. In fact, some have returned to their odd routes and have begun to worship an entity they call “The Fallen Glow.” To them, it is an animated chunk of star that flew into their territory. In reality, it’s an alien being locked in a semi-conscious state… but just powerful enough to be influential.
A Friendly, but Quirky Folk
While decently trusting of others, many of them also have a slightly skittish side. It is typically not hard to frighten an Amphibi. How they react entirely depends on whether they prefer fight or flight responses. While many will seek an opportunity to run away, others will use innate poisons or their own weapons to strike back. This isn’t to say they’re not open to negotiations and diplomacy. Many attempt to reach out to other lands in effort to expand networks and create allegiances. However, common flaws of an unintentionally cold nature and situational awkwardness have hampered this to an extent. In spite of that, observers tend to notice an often relaxed demeanor among the Amphibi when they’re not under intentional stress. A popular phrase among their people in response to a soothing environment is “feels good.”
Author’s Note: Well, this was a strange request. But hey, amphibious humanoids are an essential part of D&D! So, how could I resist? Besides the tongue in cheek pokes at D&D inspired products and real life happenings/memes, I wanted to make an homage to David Arneson’s Blackmoor; Egg of Coot, Temple of the Frog, Beagle and all! Also included is a new deity for science-fantasy games.
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Horrors from Durlag’s Tower – Monster Variants
We don’t go to Durlag’s Tower.
Durlag’s Tower, an abandoned dungeon that sends shivers down the spines of many. For some, it’s a cautionary tale about love, obsession and paranoia. For others, it’s a giant grave that acts as a memento for dwarven kind. For some, it’s the ultimate treasure trove that’s just waiting to be explored! Eternally notorious for a variety of reasons, this accursed place rests a distance from both Beregost and Nashkel. If traps aren’t the cause of death, the terrible monsters that lurk in the depths likely are. Or worse yet? It could the party’s very vices that lead to their own downfall. Needless to say, the only people that would explore such dangerous ruins have a death wish.
Author’s Note: The Adventurer’s League has recently released an adventure inspired by the classic Durlag’s Tower dungeon from the Forgotten Realms… but more specifically, Baldur’s Gate. So, I figure, what better time to revive some of the classic monsters from the original dungeon! Granted, most of them were easy to build variants of classic/existing monsters already in 5E. So, without further ado, enjoy! Also, pardon this one being a bit sparse, I’ll post something for the weekend too, I promise!
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Smokepowder Shootist – A Gun-Focused Fighter Archetype
Fantasy Rifleman by BrotherOstavia
Time for a change.
Smokepowder, a powerful substance that has changed the landscape of battle, has become more and more popular as its name spread throughout wildspace and beyond. This powder can ignite and produce a powerful explosion. Many have sampled its alchemical properties for a new weapon, the firebrand. In some realms, this projectile weapon is revered in religious circles as both a sacred artifact and testament to their craft. For the less religious, many soldiers and warriors have trained in the art of the firebrand. Honing their talents with these advanced weapons, a new breed of ranged combatant was born.
The smokepowder shootist is a fighter or ranger whose focus is melding firing of guns with sophisticated martial techniques. While a rival to the battlemaster, this type of fighter is far more focused on perfecting their gunslinging. Understandably, their knowledge of this school of fighting has caused ire among other classes of warrior and martial tactician. Some harrumph in disdain, for they find no honor in these new weapons. Some seek the very same weapons for power or fortunes, hoping to pry it from the fighter one way or another. As such, the order of the shootist is a rare and secretive one in many lands. In places more adept to firebrands, or “firearms” as they’re likely known there, some orders are willing to train other warriors deemed responsible enough to handle guns.
For those that have banded together, the firebrand is a symbol of many things; technological advancement, futurism, terrifying new grounds in warfare, liberation from the elite, power to the people and more. Their order wields this weapon with intense precision and finesse, pulling off elaborate displays that are equal parts tactical gun fighting and martial arts.
AUTHOR’S NOTE: I’m still not fully content with my shootist sub-class and I’ve received requests to have it branch out to other classes. I’ll likely expand this over the next week to do just that, once I really figure out what makes classes like The Ranger tick. To be fair, even WIZARDS OF THE COAST doesn’t know! (Yeah, I know, low blow.) In the meantime, I’m willing to test this as is for Rangers and see what breaks down in the process. Lemme know if you try!
ALSO, this sub-class assumes that firearms are considered martial weapons or that your character is trained in them already. If not, there is a campaign option to become proficient in a kind of firearm upon taking the sub-class.
Also, to answer a quick question of what’s with the name… Well, a “Shootist” is a term dating back to the American Old West. It refers to an expert hunter or gunfighter, often outside of the law. In fact, infamous gunman and cattleman Clay Allison originated the term in the mid 1800s. So, there you go.
IMAGE CREDIT: Fantasy Rifleman by brotherostavia
Strange Things in Bloodied Wyvern Peak – A Mini Adventure for 5th Edition
“That’s… not supposed to be there.”
Background: All of you have been summoned on account of a king’s desperate plea for aid. Resources have been running low for his people and attempts to trade with outside lands has been shut off completely. The routes you’ve all taken are too unwieldy and out of the way for caravans to use often, in part because it is longer, far more hazardous and ideal locations for bandits. All that is known is that the wider passage ways to Bloodied Wyvern Peak have been sealed off and going there is far too dangerous. Attempts at leaving have been, more often than not, futile as the people feel trapped in their once cozy land. To make matters worse, the soil and water have slowly been poisoned by something in the mountains. King Orvalt Delinandor will reward handsomely for your efforts.
Inside the lavish meeting room, a temperamental man in kingly garb fidgets with his fingers as he attempts to give off a composed look. He ushers each of you to take a seat at one of several ornate chairs, adorned with plush cushioning and fancy stitched patterns. He rises from his comparatively large chair, himself, as to make a grand speech.
“I would like to thank all of you for making your way to my great kingdom. Forsaking the usual pleasantries, I’d like to get to addressing our main concern. The prime routes for trading and traveling has been completely cut off in the last couple of weeks. Why? I can’t really say, as most of my scouts haven’t returned for many days. And those that are either died moments after returning or worse… On top of that, imports are running low as our commerce has been thrown into peril. Our soil has also turned bad, poisoning those who have used it. Any mining operations have been halted, due to reports of collapsed tunnels and monsters. Any workers, traders or scouts that came back alive from the mountains have returned scarred, plagued or driven mad. Worse yet, entire towns have vanished lately. People proclaim they see horrible things and disappear instants later! Please, explore the cause of this; whether it’s bandits, monsters or worse! Some blame our miners for unearthing something foul, but I have my doubts. I’ll award a bonus if you bring any captured subjects back… dead or alive.”
After the meeting with the king, his guards escort you to rooms to equip all of you with proper provisions; climbing equipment, coats and other survival essentials. After everyone is set with equipment, everyone is taken outside where a carriage sends them towards the outskirts of the mountain. This ride take about 1 hours time. The landscape changes from a bleak winter forest into jagged mountainous rock jutting from the earth. The carriage driver indicates on a map given to you that the route follows the dirt path ahead, in through a canyon-like divide.
AUTHOR’S NOTE: Inspired by my Barrier Peaks conversion and Epicroll’s short adventure, as well as a lot of retro/pulp sci-fi, here’s my take on the classic sci-fi spaceship into fantasy world crossover. This adventure is meant for characters of 7th level. A WORD OF WARNING! This module gets more and more deadly as time goes on. Some encounters aren’t meant to be fought, but are meant to be part of a puzzle. Either way, this is a bit of an experiment for me. Enjoy.
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Animal - Orca Killer Whale Space Wallpaper
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} | 996 | "OH god is this what my sex life has come to?". asked Shannon as she stared up at the ceiling while her husband ate her pussy below the cover.
Shannon looked at the ceiling thinking about everything except what as going on underneath the covers. She asked herself random questions like "Did i pick up fresh fruit from the market" , or "Did i remember to put out th fire in the fire place".
Jake licked her pussy over and over again but she just wasn't into it. He asked her if it felt good and she said "um-hmm" rolling her eyes with exhaustion from pretending. Jake slowly crawled up her body kissing and licking her which she thought didn't actually feel all that bad if only he could put that much passion in everything he did while the fucked. Shannon Knew her face probably showed that she wasn't enjoying it so she put on the best sexual face she could muster up. Jake looked at her and smiled feeling accomplished "Like he actually did something" thought Shannon. Jake kissed her neck and ran his hands all over her body, Shannon moaned she loved this part of their love making the most the part when they didn't actually have sex.
Jake spread Shannon's legs and she just let them fall apart as though she had no hip bones at all. He thrust forward and entered her pumping his hips in and out breathing heavily. Shannon rolled her eyes again because she was really tired of faking her orgasms and had begged him to not had sex tonight because she really was tired. She didn't mind letting him get his rocks off and when they were still newlyweds she loved fucking him every night . Jake's dick was at least 12&1/2 inches and at first he knew just how to please her but over time he had grown very boring and predictable, and he just couldn't stay hard as long. He started to fuck her harder moving faster she knew he was on the edge so she decided it was time to play up her excitment. She began moaning and egging him on "ohh baby yes yes yes oh god yes uh uh uh cum baby cum in my BIG WET JUICY PINK PUSSY...CUM BABY CUM'...Jake cam exactly the same time he did ever night. He rolled over his chest moving up and down rapidly for a while until he finally feel asleep.
Shannon waiting until he stared snoring then she slowly rose from the bed, dressed quickly in sweat pants and a jacket, grabbed her keys and drove to her best friend Malekas' house. 'There's a difference between making love and having sex she said walking through the door of the five story mansion. Maleka had heard this line many times before so she simply striped down completely naked and followed Shannon to her bedroom. When she walked in Shannon was already shoving the big black dildo in her pussy. She sighed and moaning rubbing her clit. Maleka walked over and started sucking on her nipples. Shannon moaned and started fucking herself harder enjoying the sensation. Maleka started rubbing her clit and removed the dildo from her pussy, she licked her clit for a few seconds then stucked three fingers in Shannon's pussy. Shannon jerked and pushed back on her fingers. They stayed like this for several minutes until Maleka was dripping wet. She slowly ran her tongue all the way up Shannon's body kneading her breast. Shannon reached in the draw next to her and pulled out the two sided dildo. She stuck one endin her now dripping wet pussy and the other in Maleka. They both fucked the dildo while kissing and sucking on each others lips and breast. They both started moving a little faster tyring to reach their climax. The y fucked faster ans faster..harder and harder..until they both cam at the same time squirting each other with their cum. Shannon got down and licked Maleka's pussy slurping up all her cum and swallowing it. Maleka did the same to Shannon who cam again when Maleka stuck her tongue in her pussy. Shannon lay in Maleka's bed and signed she wished deeply that her husband could please her like he used to when they first got married, she thought about their relationship and how everything else was perfect. Jake was an amazing husband always faithful and he stuck by her after her accident when she couldn't have sex at all. Shannon only wished he would fuck her..fuck her hard and long like he used to. Suddenly there was a knock at the door, Maleka hadn't been expecting anyone so neither of them knew who it was. Shannon got up and got dressed in the spare clothes she usually leaves at Maleka's house. Maleka rolled oer in bed not interested enough to even move. Shannon walked down the two flights of stairs instead of using the elevator which now that she thought about it would have been a smart idea since she had just got finished fucking and she felt kind of groggy. When she reached the bottom she stoped for a second to catch her breath she would have to ask Maleka why she got such a huge house for ust on person. She walked oer the the grand window and pulled open the curtain just a liitle when she saw the car that was parked outside she gasped. She stood for a second then threw open the door....
To Be CONT...
2012-03-15 18:32:17
Really? A man with a 12@1/2 inch dick and she has to fake it. I guess the rest of us men do not stand a chance of helping. Sex is still a lot more than just a dick. Thats why women can have sex with another woman and NO dick. Love to read the next part. Her husbands car? Her Fathers? Her Mothers?????
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} | 195 | Glee's Ryan Murphy Issues Lea Michele a Brutal Sophie's Choice
All the tales you hear from the set of Glee are either about Ryan Murphy being a jerk or Lea Michele being an insufferable diva. Well, here is a tale that might make you think Murphy is the worse of the monsters.
Us Weekly has an article about how demonic he is on set and you know if celebrity publicists are letting "sources" talk to the mag then things must have gotten really bad.
This "source" recounts a tale that Michele didn't want to go on the Glee Live tour last summer since they were only given four days to rehearse the show. When he found out the news, a source says he asked Lea, "which of her friends she wanted him to fire" in retaliation. Damn, that is some harsh shit. It's like he's the Nazi in Sophie's Choice.
Apparently he was alluding to Amber Riley, who plays Mercedes and is apparently the only human alive that can tolerate Lea Michele. It appears Murphy thinks she is completely disposable. No wonder the show has been lacking lately, it sounds like an awful place to work!
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} | 129 | Thomas Mackay - Vibraphonist, Keyboardist
We promote a diverse lineup of ensembles that are crafted to meet your needs.... !!!!!!!!
Vibra Cubana: Think Cal Tjader and Arthur Lyman. Latin jazz ,, but with a hint of of world music This group is also a quintet with drums, percussionist, bass, piano, and vibes and can also be a smaller ensemble of Vibes Bass and Percussion
Intoxika: electronic/acoustic percussion duo, ( ambient soundscapes and exotic rhythms) Exotica of the NEW AGE
The Mackay Project: Aka T.M.P. ( live Electronica dance grooves) trio ( Bass, drums, electronic vibraphone and malletkat, live looping)
Mr. Mackay is also available to play Solo , Duo ( bass, vibes) and Trio ( bass, vibes, drums)
Thomas Mackay 4-tet t: straight ahead jazz ( bass, drums piano/ guitar and vibes
The Treasure Tones: 6 piece vintage reggae band with Vocalist Sistah Roz. ( bass, drums, keys, guitar, 2 female vocalist) | http://thomasmackay.net/bookings_and_services/ | robots: classic
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} | 365 | How do I Compare Banks for Small Businesses?
by Maggie McCormick
Choosing the right bank for your small business is essential. Your bank will hold your money, allow you to make payments and often provide you with credit or loans to build and expand your business. The smart move is to thoroughly compare all of your options before settling on a bank. Each bank has different options and types of accounts for business owners. You don&#039;t want to pay for a lot of bells and whistles if you won&#039;t be using those services.
Make a complete list of the features you need in a bank. Some small business owners simply need a way to cash checks and pay the bills. Others need more advanced features like payroll services.
Request an information package from each of the banks you are considering. You could potentially meet with a representative from each, but it&#039;s better to have the opportunity to look at each bank&#039;s offerings side-by-side.
Disqualify any bank that doesn&#039;t offer all of the features you need. If there is a bank that does not offer something that you&#039;ve written on your list, that should not be a bank that you do business with.
Compare the fees for each bank. One of the major differences from bank to bank is the fees that they charge for services. In particular, you should look at monthly charges and transaction charges. Some banks will waive the monthly fee if you maintain a certain minimum balance. Most banks will allow some free transactions but may charge a per-transaction fee if you go over the limit.
Narrow down your selection. By this point a few banks should stand out as clear winners.
Ask a bank representative any questions you may have. Remember that choosing a bank for your small business is a major decision and you shouldn&#039;t feel bad about asking any questions, no matter how small.
• Though you'll choose one bank to be your primary banking institution, it doesn't hurt to maintain contact with other banks in your area. When you need to apply for a loan, getting multiple quotes could reduce your costs.
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Money Editor for NZ Herald
The mortgage or KiwiSaver?
Finding extra money in your budget to pay for mortgage cost increases can mean weighing up other spending decisions. Photo/ Getty Images.
The Reserve Bank is expected to increase the official cash rate again tomorrow putting more pressure on mortgage holders budgets.
But should you cut your KiwiSaver contributions and divert the money into paying for higher loan costs?
Absolutely not, if you can afford it, says Nigel Tate, a Waikato based financial adviser and president of the New Zealand's Institute of Financial Advisers.
"For employees it's a no brainer to keep going with KiwiSaver," he says.
That's because of the employer's minimum 3 per cent contribution which means you are getting close to a 100 per cent return on your 3 per cent contribution before the money is even invested.
And then there is the government's contribution on top of that - a $521 annual top up as long as you invest at least $1043 a year.
The official cash rate has already risen from 2.5 per cent to 3 per cent pushing floating mortgage rates to around 6.25 per cent.
The Reserve Bank has indicated further increases to the cash rate are likely to send floating rates to around 7 per cent in the next year or two.
But Tate says even that change is not going to tip the balance in favour of the mortgage.
For every half a per cent mortgage rates head up its costs an extra $10 per week per $100,000 borrowed.
"From that perspective it's not a huge amount."
Even those who are self-employed and don't get an employer contribution can still get $521 from the Government for KiwiSaver if they contribute $1043 per year - effectively a 50 per cent return on their money.
Tate believes most people should be able to cope with the increasing mortgage interest rates without cutting off KiwiSaver.
"I'd like to think when the bank gave them the mortgage it gave them some leeway."
Tate says those most likely to find it tough are first home buyers who have just bought property.
But he says those buyers should be on fixed mortgage rates so they are less exposed to increases.
He believes in most cases people can trim back their spending to match the reduced disposable income brought about by higher mortgage rates.
"In most cases people's living expenses expand to fit their income.
"For new home or first home buyers they may have to opt out of KiwiSaver for a period of time until they get a pay rise."
Jordi Garcia, an Auckland based financial adviser, says the returns on KiwiSaver are way better than the returns on your mortgage.
"If you think about KiwiSaver one of the really big advantages is not only are you putting in your own money you are getting the government contribution and also your employer contribution.
"It's way better than any return on your mortgage."
Garcia says if you are self-employed the story might change a bit, but he says only if you are struggling financially does it make sense to divert the money to the mortgage.
"The funny thing about human nature is that if you have money taken away at the start, before it goes into your bank account, you don't tend to miss it unless you are on subsistence living."
Garcia says studies have shown that if your employer asked you to take a cut in pay so the company could continue to survive it would take around six weeks for people's lifestyles to adjust.
"It suggests that most people should be able to set aside 5 to 10 per cent of their income and adjust their standard of living without noticing too much difference."
But weighing on the other side of that is the high property prices in Auckland and Christchurch which have encouraged some people to borrow up to the hilt.
Reserve Bank figures for household debt as a percentage of disposable income show New Zealand is heading back up to pre-GFC levels and that's a concern says Garcia.
"It means a large chunk of society are strapped."
- NZ Herald
© Copyright 2015, NZME. Publishing Limited
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} | 336 | Pink Pearl Applesauce
We love Apple Crostata, but after a dozen or so, we need a break. Me from making them, and all of us from eating too much of the buttery crust. So, it's time to move on to something healthier and as an added bonus, use up even more of our apple harvest!
There's really no recipe. You just peel, core, and chop up as many apples as you like. We happen to have a lot of "Pink Pearl" apples on hand right now, so that's what I'm using. You can use any kind of apple or better yet, make it from a mix of varieties. Put them into a non-reactive saucepan, add enough liquid so the apples don't scorch as you cook them, and simmer covered until soft.
For the liquid, you can use water, but I like to add some juice for extra fruit flavor. I've used straight up apple juice, apple cranberry juice and even apple kiwi strawberry juice concentrate. The latter two help play up the ruby hue in the "Pink Pearl" apples.
In this particular batch, I put in 3-4 spoonfuls of the concentrate, then added water to a depth of about 1". I also like to add some fresh lemon juice which although it sounds like it might make the applesauce sour, it actually brightens and highlights the apple flavor.
I covered the pot, stirred occasionally and simmered for about 20 minutes. I like a chunkier applesauce, so I just left it at that. If you like it smoother, you can always use a stick blender or food processor and puree it.
Note: If you can't be around while the applesauce is cooking, you can put everything into a slow cooker and cook on HIGH for 2-3 hrs or LOW for 4-5 hrs. Use a little less liquid as the slow cooker seals in a lot of the moisture.
We'll have it on pancakes on the weekends, but mostly we'll just have it straight up - at breakfast, as an afternoon snack or even after dinner as dessert. Yum!
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} | 418 | mad men AMC don draper jon hammJordin Althaus/AMC
It's become pretty clear to me that Mad Men'sixth season is its worst season. It cannot be saved by the notion that Matt Weiner is "building up to something." "Building up to something" only works when you actually care about the characters. Despite some great acting, I don't really care what happens to Don Draper. I don't much care whether he's pathetic. I don't much care whether he's a badass. I know who he is, and who he is will never change. So his story is pretty much over. There are other, more interesting, characters. But because Don is the show's centerpiece, they'll never get the time that he gets.
It's sad to see the show just drifting listlessly from shocking event to shocking event.
I think this has become more of a problem. One reason the (temporary) reunion between Betty and Don worked so well was because Betty's character was so well explored in the first three seasons. The series developed her (even if they've since abandoned that project) and so Betty and Don are two fully fleshed-out characters in conversation. You can't really say that about any other woman in Don's life. Sylvia is barely an actual person compared to Betty. (I also think that January Jones and Jon Hamm, for whatever reason, have a kind of chemistry on set that hasn't been since duplicated.)
It's sort of sad to see the show just drifting listlessly from shocking event to shocking event. It points to a lack of actual things to say about actual human beings. Ostensibly, Mad Men is a show about "the '60s." But stories "about" particular times almost never work. Stories about people work. At any rate, it's pretty clear that Season Six has almost nothing to say about the times beyond, "This guy called this guy a fascist, and some hippies were doing drugs, and that guy called that guy a racist." As uninteresting as this season has been, it is at its least interesting when it is trying to "say" something—about the year, about the city, whatever.
Increasingly the magical '60s and a crumbling New York have become a crutch for Mad Men. I hope this changes in the seventh season. But I see no reason why it would. I suspect this series ended a while ago. (I'd argue either the second or fifth season.) It feels like we're on a tour-bus, and one of the tourists is driving.
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Intentionally hiding tools in your toolbox.
Interesting bit of "advice" I heard the other day:
A stylistic thing: I was just at the Backspace Conference, where in the opening pages agent-author seminar, the agents stopped reading a participant's opener as soon as they hit an exclamation point, and stressed that shows lazy writing. There must be some other way to show the emphasis, or else don't emphasize the point where it is used.
I have to admit, I'm always a little skeptical about those sorts of arbitrary rules that one hears, like the exclamation point thing. That one, in particular, strikes me as especially arbitrary. Exclamation points show lazy writing? Incorrect usage of exclamation points can certainly be problematic, but to exclude their usage altogether? Absurd. I'll say again with emphasis: Absurd! (Especially considering one of the events at that conference was titled, "The Power of Positive Writing!” Yes, with the exclamation point.)
But more to the point, there are only three punctuation marks that can end a sentence. Why avoid one-third of them completely? How is that lazy writing? I don't know. It's a fundamental part of punctuation. The advice, as a reading rule itself, I find almost obscene. It's a step away from saying, "If I see a sentence with two words that start with a 'k', I stop reading." I shudder to think of fledgling writers running to their manuscripts and slashing out exclamation points. Because THEY! MUST! GO!
I'm so glad my agent doesn't follow such a silly rule.*
*- The first sentence of Thorn of Dentonhill is "Thief!"
A. Lockwood said...
I agree. Exclamation points aren't *always* bad. Adverbs aren't *always* bad. They may be overused, but I don't think that means we should get rid of them altogether.
Rebecca Schwarz said...
Nice post. The exclamation point is strong medicine, but the point is to know how to use punctuation and to use it to greatest effect! | http://blog.mrmaresca.com/2011/06/intentionally-hiding-tools-in-your.html | isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-09
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Interface or Abstract Class
What is the difference between an Abstract Class and an Interface?
Well, isn't it an interesting question or for few, a foolish question?
For a number of Java newbies, the only difference between two is, "You can't have method body in Interface.". Well, I would say that it is technically (Implementation vise) correct, but doesn't reflect the concept.
Abstract Class
An abstract class, is the most generalized form of an Entity hierarchy (In Java, a Class is an entity), such that it doesn't represent a real entity on its own, but provides a basis on which real entities can be build within that hierarchy. An abstract class provides a default behavior and also provide abstract behavior (Operations that must be override by the real classes).
An interface, on the other hand is a contract that states that you have to agree to provide following operations if you agree to abide by me, i.e. an entity that agrees to abide by the contract of interface, will have to provide the behavior (operations) declared in interface.
Interface or Abstract Class
Next question is when to use abstract class and when use an Interface? Though it many a depends on requirements as well, but I follow a thumb rule,
• If I have to build a class hierarchy, I should consider generalization. Many a time I will reach to most crude form of generalization, i.e. at an abstract level. I would declare abstract methods and will also define common behavior for few of the methods. This would be my abstract class.
• On the other hand, if I want to expose a particular behavior to the client, then I would define an interface.
Further, I would suggest that one should go through different Java APIs, and spend some time understanding when and why they used interface or abstract class. Java APIs are excellent source for learning on building design blocks for any OOPs language.
Himanshu said...
A good introduction. This link would help understand this better as well -
Hitesh Kumar said...
Abstraction in Java
Real life Example of Abstraction
Abstraction shows only important things to the user and hides the internal details. Real life example of abstraction is; we know how to ride the bike but we don't know internal function of bike. | http://hellotojavaworld.blogspot.com/2011/03/interface-or-abstract-class.html | robots: classic
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Fibrinous exudate
From Biology-Online Dictionary
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A type of exudate consisting largely of fibrinogen and fibrin
Tissue injuries such as wounds and burns are repaired through a series of reparative processes. Depending on the extent of tissue damage, tissue repair may include inflammatory phase. In the inflammatory phase, mast cells release histamine that increases permeability to white blood cells such as neutrophils and phagocytes. Inflammation becomes necessary when the damage on the skin leads to an increased microbial invasion. In order to destroy microorganisms, white blood cells are needed to fight them off. White blood cells (phagocytes) are also important in cleaning up damaged and necrotic cells and thus provide a larger space for blood vessel and cell regeneration. Histamine also increases capillary permeability that leads to extravasation of fluid. Thus, blood proteins, such as fibrinogen, also increase in number at the site of damage. Fibrinogen is a soluble protein in blood plasma that is converted to fibrin through the action of thrombin during blood clot formation. An exudate containing a large amount of fibrinogen and fibrin is described as fibrinous. This type of exudate is seen in rheumatic carditis, strep throat, and bacterial pneumonia.
Word origin: fibrinous, from fibrin (from Latin fibra meaning fiber + -in) + -ous + exudate, from exude meaning to ooze," which came from the Latin exsūdāre (to sweat out, i.e. ex- meaning out and sūdāre meaning to sweat)
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Rocks placed under bridges to deter homeless encampments 'a failure to serve poorest citizens by city, state'
GDOT said it's a safety issue, but activists claim it’s more evidence that the city and state are failing the poorest in community.
ATLANTA — Outrage and a call to action-- focusing on people who have been living in tents underneath the interstates in downtown Atlanta.
The encampments are mostly gone, now that the Georgia Department of Transportation has hauled in boulders and rocks to keep people from from living there.
GDOT said it's a safety issue, and has been working for months with representatives of the City of Atlanta and others for a "humane" alternative to the proliferation of the encampments. But activists claim that using the boulders and rocks to make the areas uninhabitable is more evidence that the city and state are failing the poorest in the community.
The rocks are a way to protect lives and property, according to GDOT. A spokesperson said that setting up tents under the bridges is against Georgia law and can present a safety hazard.
In 2017, a massive fire under I-85, allegedly set by a man who was homeless, caused the entire roadway to collapse -- resulting in massive traffic jams and widespread detours around the city while crews worked to rebuild the highway. There have been more fires, since, underneath interstates in Atlanta.
Devin Barrington-Ward of Movement 4 Black Lives is urging the city and state to do more to increase shelter space, and speed up efforts to expand affordable housing programs, and then make it easier for people to get into them.
RELATED: GDOT places massive rocks under bridges along Downtown Connector to deter homeless camps
In the meantime, he’s calling on people to call the governor and tell him to leave the tent-dwellers alone, "and demand that these boulders be moved, and demand a real plan for ending homelessness in the State of Georgia and the City of Atlanta," Barrington-Ward said.
"Enough is enough.”
Public and private agencies are trying to keep up with what they are saying has been an increase in homelessness in Atlanta during the pandemic, by nearly 30%.
11Alive is working to reach the governor and the mayor of Atlanta, to find out what happened to the people who had been living under the interstates, and whether they were offered shelter and other services. | https://www.11alive.com/article/news/local/some-outraged-massive-rocks-placed-under-bridges-to-deter-people-who-are-homeless-from-camping-out/85-ebd6309a-0f9d-4b09-b791-90f0e21b6176 | isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-10
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} | 265 | We do not like where the toilet and bath tub are now located in the master bathroom. Can I place the toilet where the bath tub drain is now, and install a new bath tub where the toilet currently is? This would also enable us to enlarge the small stand up shower.
It's not going to be easy, but it's possible. The toilet drain pipe is going to be 3", and won't have a trap (since the trap is built into the toilet). The toilet will also only have a cold water supply. The tub drain pipe will likely be 1 1/2", and will have a trap. The tub will obviously have both cold and hot water supplies.
To switch the location of the fixtures, you'll have to reroute the plumbing for each to the new locations. Depending on the current location of the fixtures, existing plumbing, and the amount of access to the plumbing. This job could range anywhere from not so bad, to a complete gut and rebuild.
| improve this answer | |
• Good answer. Your biggest issue will be to reroute the drainage pipe for the toilet, this is much larger (at least 6" in the UK) and harder to re-route, the drainage for the bathtub, is a smaller plastic pipe. Routing the hot water is not too difficult and you can extend from the current pipe. – Husman May 19 '14 at 10:22
Your Answer
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} | 566 | 19 + CCW
This was posted in the comments, but I’m going to reply to it as a full post.
I read in Texas you can legally have a handgun in your house (at least 18 years of age) and the vehicle is an extension of your dwelling, and you can have a weapon in your vehicle, as long as its out of sight. Not concealed on your person mind you, but in the glovebox or in the middle compartment, and you notify the officer when he pulls you over. I’m 19 and I don’t want to go to jail for having a gun in my car. Please let me know if I’m mistakin. OFFICER ONLY I don’t want biased opinions.
This was posted by Sean as a comment to my Traffic Stop Etiquette article.
First, I can understand your reasoning for “officer only”, however, I would ask you to make an exception for “KR”. He is a highly experienced firearms trainer and knows much about the firearm laws and laws regarding carrying a concealed weapon.
Anywho, I’ll need to take some time to research it. I know the jist of it, but I want to make sure I actually know it, plus it’ll allow me a chance to post reference material.
One Response to “19 + CCW”
1. You have to be 21 to purchase a handgun from a dealer. In Texas you can own a handgun if you are 18-21 if you purchase it from an individual or receive it as a gift.
Useful thread http://www.texasguntalk.com/forums/general-firearms-ammo-sponsored-eastex-guns/17735-handgun-possession-18-years-old-older.html
HB 1815 excludes from unlawful carrying of a weapon a person who is carrying a handgun, illegal knife, or club on the person’s own premises or premises under their control or inside of or directly en route to a motor vehicle that is owned by the person or is under their control. The bill makes it an offense to carry a handgun in a motor vehicle that is owned by the person or under the person’s control if the handgun is in plain view or the person is engaged in certain criminal activity, is prohibited from possessing a firearm, or is a member of a criminal street gang.
So you can carry a legally owned handgun in your car (but only in a car that belongs to you or that you are driving).
Because you won’t have a carry permit you actually have no legal requirement to disclose that you have a gun in your car when stopped. The risk in disclosing that fact up front is that an anti-gun cop could probably hassle you for being under 21 and having a handgun, because unfortunately cops are not always expert on that particular nuance of Texas law. However, if you asked by a cop if you are armed, definitely tell the truth. Being polite and complying with whatever the officer requests is always the best course of action during a traffic stop, even when the officer is out of line (watch the infamous Dayton PD CHL traffic stop video if you haven’t seen it yet).
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FITotD: Weffriddles
Alright, this should really be called the "Maddening and Addictive Internet Thing of the Day." But it's still fabulous. was a sleeper internet sensation several years ago. That's like a millennium in internet years. But it's still around, and it still holds up as a maddening, frustrating, fascinating, and time-consuming puzzle. That's the very best kind.
In some ways it is the progenitor of A Google A Day; unless you are gifted with a ridiculous amount of trivia knowledge, you're going to have a lot of trouble doing it without a search engine. (Or, at least, eventually you will. Many of the puzzles on Weffriddles just require common sense, a warped mind, and banging your head against a metaphorical wall, but several require additional resources.)
I figure that it has been out of the collective internet consciousness for long enough that it might be able to make a serious resurgence. You never know. At any rate, you should take a look at it. Think of it as a gift from me to you; a gift that makes you feel dumb and frustrated, and completely eradicates any free time you ever had. It's practically like being in a relationship!
Wednesday, February 8, 2012
The Gun Seller
I just finished reading The Gun Seller, written by Hugh Laurie. Dr. House, of all people!
This is the best book I've read this year by a large margin. Actually, it's the best book I've read in the last six months or so. (Look, it's February, you figure it out.)
I was told that it was a very funny book, and I'm not entirely sure if I would describe it that way. Don't get me wrong, it is a funny book, but it is so much more than just funny. In fact, I rank it in the top ten most beautiful novels I've ever read, which is quite frankly a bit ridiculous. It can be beautiful, poetic, and practically a prose poem in places, in spite of what Mr. Laurie is doing: writing a straightforward, noir-ish spy novel.
But because he is a sardonic British comedian, he wants to flip every trope, or at least call out the fact that he's making use of a trope. This has the double effect of making the book extremely funny, and forcing the reader's attention (and presumably the writer's, as well) toward the language the entire time: "You have to pay extraordinarily close attention to every word of this delightful prose, or you might miss a joke!"
Highlights for me included:
"I was working on the principle, you see, that the more obvious you are, the less obvious you are. Given the choice, I'd usually say that the more obvious you are, the more obvious you are, but choice was one of the things I was short of at that moment. Necessity is the mother of self-delusion."
"The guards at the door let us through with no more than a glance. British security guards, I've noticed, always do this; unless you happen actually to work in the building they're guarding, in which case they check everything from the fillings in your teeth to your trouser turn-ups to see if you're the same person who went out to get a sandwich fifteen minutes ago. But if you're a strange face, they'll let you straight through, because frankly, it would just be too embarrassing to put you to any trouble. If you want a place guarded properly, hire Germans."
And, when he first meets the novel's femme fatal, "[She] pointed a pair of grey eyes at me. I say a pair. I mean her pair. She didn't get a pair of someone else's out from a drawer and point them at me. She pointed her own pair of huge, pale, grey, pale, huge eyes at me. The sort of eyes that can make a grown man talk gibberish to himself. Get a grip for Christ's sake."
He does something like this every couple of pages, and at first it just seemed quaintly amusing, in a Roald Dahl sort of way. But eventually, I realized that he wasn't just subverting the classical thriller novel, he was actually improving it. We get a main character who is made more intimidating, more insightful, and more in-tune with the dangerous world he inhabits just from the simple fact that he knows a classic thriller trope when he sees one. Even better, he often knows when he would be playing to type, and is therefore often only pretending to type. He's been given genre superpowers. And as a result, the prose matters in a way that it never does in a thriller.
On top of that, The Gun Seller is a legitimately exciting novel, which you should immediately buy and read. No, I'm not joking. Bonus points if you can read it without mentally hearing Mr. Laurie's Voice narrate.
Monday, February 6, 2012
Fabulous Internet Thing of the Day
Today's Fabulous Internet Thing:
Magic Cards with Googly Eyes.
I love this. So much. Yes, that makes me a nerd.
But you have to understand this. Magic is a game whose creators and players take it more seriously than anyone else. Not just a little bit more seriously. The online Magic community is full of big time monetary speculation, big-name superstars, intensely focused (although still mostly amateur) sports coverage, and how-to/DIY columns that rival "cooking" as the search result most likely to provide you with detailed, bulleted, and carefully formatted lists.
And an important part of all this, just as it is for the Food Network, is the pretty pictures. But Magic players don't want scenes reminiscent of domestic bliss. They want gorgeous fantasy landscapes, legitimately creepy bad guys, heroes and heroines who look bad-ass, and the intimation that the made-up magical fairy stories that form the backdrop for the game of Magic are important.
That isn't to say that Magic doesn't have a sense of humor occasionally.
A game of Magic can be lighthearted, or even ridiculous, but that doesn't mean that Magic players take themselves any less seriously.
And that's why every pack of Magic cards should really come with googly eyes.
Here are just a few of my favorites, but I encourage you to check out the rest.
Tuesday, January 31, 2012
Politics? What Politics...
This is taken from a speech by Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Therefore, obviously, it has nothing to do with contemporary politics. Therefore, you aren't allowed to treat this as anything political. This is merely a blogger revisiting the words of a well-loved American statesman.
"Now it is inevitable – and the choice is that of the times – it is inevitable that the main issue of this campaign should revolve about the clear fact of our economic condition, a depression so deep that it is without precedent in modern history. …
Thanks Slacktivist!
Ready Player One
I’ve just finished reading Ready Player One by Ernest Cline. You’ve probably seen it in bookstores or plugged on the interwebs. It’s been bandied about that this book is for geeks. I’ll just tell you right now that it mostly isn’t. It is, however, some kind of bastard child of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, the Hunger Games trilogy, and Neal Stephenson’s newest release Reamde. While that’s not praise, it isn’t necessarily criticism either.
Although the protagonist is ostensibly a seventeen-year-old dirt-poor uber-nerd (and if you don’t like my hyphens you have my permission to choke on a pineapple) he comes off as much, much younger. It doesn’t help that the book is in first person. It is hard to write an accurate representation of a person’s thinking process without sacrificing clarity. Cline doesn’t sacrifice any clarity at all, and therefore we get a narrator who sounds earnest, wide-eyed, endlessly patient with the reader, unbelievably sincere, and… nice. This, too, doesn’t necessarily make for a bad book; what it does do, however, is set itself at odds with the obsessive hacker shut in that our narrator is supposed to be. I think this is not intentional as much as it is a consequence of RPO’s status as Cline’s freshman novel. But, for all that it isn’t believable, it did make the novel interesting to read.
This is where the novel became linked up with the Hunger Games in my mind. Parzival of RPO is uncannily like Katniss of HG. They are the poorest of the poor, who have had injustice done to them all their lives, who out of dire need have cultivated arcane skill sets, who have been thrust into an increasingly deadly situation, and who are inexplicably, unbelievably, appallingly unscarred. The shittiness of their lives simply hasn’t affected the way they think, the way they speak, the way they react to new situations, the way they engage in relationships, the way they behave under pressure—they aren’t nasty, or selfish, or particularly damaged, or bitter, or defeatist, or any of the things we expect them to be.
Again, though, that isn’t necessarily a bad thing. Think of them as the anti-Harry Potter. Harry Potter (whose shitty early life actually does make him periodically grouchy, bitter, defeatist, and irritating) is not the most endearing character in the world. Most of the time he deserves to be slapped. Harry Potter is a much more realistic character. He rages against people who want to help him and sulks when things don’t go his way. His poor upbringing leaves him stunted. And that’s realistic. It just isn’t always pleasant.
Now, we could call that a fault and chalk it up to Cline’s inexperience; it’s probably true that Cline didn’t intend for his character to be unrealistic. But what is interesting is what it does to the novel. Just like Hunger Games, Ready Player One has a grim setting that is tempered by a narrator who doesn’t really let us focus on it. Now, HG is a little more concerned with that grimness than RPO, but we really care about Katniss and the choices she faces. That’s the heart and soul of the book. The grimness is really just setting. It isn’t the point. RPO sucks even more of the grimness right out of the terrible world it is set in. We simply don’t care about it. In fact, we can’t even form an emotional connection to it. The best thing is that this is actually the whole point of Cline’s setting. In a world-wide virtual-reality MMO, we can’t really care about the real world. The game takes up all of our emotional investment. Cline’s narrator, intentionally or not, doesn't treat the real world like it matters.
The plot is a contest to find the ‘golden ticket’: an Easter egg hidden by the game’s creator which will empower the finder with ownership of the Wonka Chocolate factory video game company. The game designer is reclusive, strange, and a genius in his chosen field. We see very little of him, except through the vast pop-culture and video game knowledge of our hero, who belongs to a group of five treasure seekers (yes, one for each of Wonka’s original golden tickets). Their competition is a soulless multinational corporation that will pervert the game to their own ends, and that even goes so far as to pervert the Chocolate Factory narrative by sabotaging the efforts of other treasure hunters.
I confess, the only way the book parallels Reamde is its fascination with the reality-influencing possibilities of the MMO. Reamde doesn’t rank that highly on my list of Stephenson novels, but it is still a vastly more realistic, complicated, interesting world. Reamde looks at what a future MMO can do to the real world. RPO uses it as an excuse for video game culture masturbation celebration.
But really, though, the key to RPO is its audience. It has been misjudged, in my opinion, because it is a book for people who don’t know about the culture it celebrates. It is a book for people a few years younger than me, people who don’t know about Rush, ‘80s anime, and Atari. (Heck, I was born at the very tail end of this era—the Atari was obsolete before I was even old enough to manipulate my joystick. Hehehe.) It really isn’t a book for adults. But even though it isn’t a book that I particularly liked, there is something sweet about it; the way that it sends up a little moral at the end is particularly cute. What Ready Player One is, really, is an older, wiser nerd telling a younger one to go outside and meet a girl for a change.
Wednesday, January 25, 2012
I've just finished Philip K. Dick's Valis. Anybody read it? It is the most deeply, uncannily crazy novel I've ever read. I feel like I shouldn't say the craziest book ever written, since I'm sure at least a couple of tyrannical dictators have written thoroughly bonkers autobiographies fueled only by insanity, rage, and the blood and tears of entire populations. But it is the craziest thing I've ever read, by a long shot; and if there was an authoritative list of the 50 craziest novels floating around somewhere on the internet, I would be disappointed if Valis didn't make the top ten.
And it's not as if Mr. Dick is known for writing sensible, middle-of-the-road, beginner-friendly genre fiction. He didn't pander, and I get the feeling he never really expected people to actually understand what he was writing. Some of the most brain-blisteringly complex movies in the world are lifted directly from the Philip K. Dick catalog. Mind you, Hollywood is typically forced to settle for the simplest of these, and they invariably have to dumb it down considerably. Your average PKD short story is just slightly too complicated for a three-hour brain-teasing blockbuster. The amazing thing, though--and this really is a startling testament to the genius of the man--is that enough movies have been made from this remarkable canon to actually identify trends in the film versions of PKD stories. Watch your step when you get up, kids, 'cause I'm about to drop some knowledge.
If you wonder what the following movies have in common:
Blade Runner
Total Recall
A Scanner Darkly
Minority Report
The Adjustment Bureau
Then wonder no longer! They are all ridiculously complicated. Oh, and they were all cribbed from Dick's work.
A few trends, then, become clear. First of all, only two of these movies come from full length novels: Blade Runner is from Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep, and A Scanner Darkly comes from a novel of the same name. For all that these two movies are immensely convoluted (and in the case of Blade Runner's Deckard, still the subject of belligerent collegiate debate) they are pretty damn simplistic compared to the original novels from which they were taken. Although these movies are pretty fun, and more than a bit trippy, they don't actually provide the best context in which to understand Valis.
(By the way, although it might be condescending, I'm going to go ahead and keep referencing the film versions, on the theory that more people have watched these movies than have read the stories from which they came. That could be wrong. Don't care. Over-explaining is more fun for me, so we're all going to have to put up with it.)
The best way to get at the crazy that is Valis is to take a quick look at the movies made from PKD short stories. That's Total Recall, Paycheck, Minority Report, and The Adjustment Bureau. (By the way, there are others, but I think they are probably less well known. Besides this is what wikipedia and IMDB are for. This is the internet; educate yourself.)
Now, I haven't seen The Adjustment Bureau (yet!) and Paycheck is kind of shit (which is too bad because the short story is beautiful and I want to make love to it) so I will just stick to Total Recall and Minority Report. They come from short stories entitled "We Can Remember It for You Wholesale" and "Minority Report," respectively. Most of the convoluted plot stuff in these two short stories is actually what happens in the movies. Mind you, they are complicated movies. TR features a dude who pays to have memories of a 007-esque fantasy trip to a Mars colony implanted into his head. The procedure reveals(?) that he's been the victim of a memory wipe, and he becomes extremely (Jason-Bourne-style) combative, claiming that his cover has been blown. He then attempts to hook up with his secret-agent contacts on mars. We the audience go back and forth for ages on whether or not he is the victim of crazy memory-implantation gone wrong, or whether he's actually a secret agent who was mind-wiped, but managed through sheer dumb luck to pick an imaginary vacation that exactly matched his pre-mind-wipe career and mission. The movie manages to convey most of this confusion, although it leaves out the aliens and the magic wand. (No, I shit you not, the PKD story has a magic wand...)
Minority Report is equally convoluted: our protagonist is the leader of a team of future-cops who use pool-dwelling psychics to just wreck the shit out of the bill of rights by arresting people moments before they commit crimes. Said future cop is then arrested just before he is told that he'll commit a crime. The movie only gets about this far into the plot before things start to rapidly diverge from the short story, which is really a masterpiece. At any rate, his knowledge of the psychics' predictions actually affects what they predict. So there is one possible future in which he kills a dude; one possible future where he sees the psychic's report and, armed with that foreknowledge, refrains from killing the dude; and a third possible future where he sees the whole entire messy plot played out in a psychic's brain before it even happens, and decides that he might as well kill the dude anyway.
Or anyway, that's what I remember. To be fair, they are confusing books, and I probably got all of them wrong in one fashion or another. Feel free to tell me about it in the comments section. To sum up, though, this is a man who wrote short stories complicated enough that Spielberg can only capture about a third of a plot before he finishes up his 2.25 hour movie. Imagine what a novel like that can do to your brain.
Now imagine that Philip K. Dick, the author, is a character in Valis. And that he has a good friend named Horselover Fat: a schizophrenic meta-theologian who believes that God is attempting to fix the universe by beaming an extra-galactic pink laser into his brain. And that, in fact, what the schizophrenic thinks is happening is actually happening. And then imagine that Philip K Dick and his insane friend (whose name means Philip K Dick in Greek and German) have been the same person the entire time, Fight Club style. That's not even the first half of this book. I recommended it to a friend, and then had to take back that recommendation when I went back and actually thought about what I would be subjecting them to.
But if you'll excuse me, I really have to go find something else to read.
Monday, January 23, 2012
Catchy Title
Alright. Obligatory first post. Ahem.
Someone at work turned me on to a show called QI. It's a BBC quiz show hosted by Stephen Fry (yes, that Stephen Fry) featuring a panel of guest "experts." They call them experts because they're generally extremely dumb. QI stands for Quite Interesting. The idea is that points are distributed on the basis of being interesting (ideally, by knowing interesting pieces of trivia)--but mostly by not being obvious. Obvious (and incorrect) answers are penalized. The show often ends up with every panel member receiving a negative score.
There are a lot of problems with the show, although it has become extremely popular in Britain. Fry is excellent, of course, even when he's an appalling, overbearing bore. He loves to be pompous, and his panelists (being comedians) really prefer to just dick around, which leads to a lot of directionless talk-show shenanigans. That said, when the show is interesting, it is very much so, and when it is funny I have been known to choke on beverages.
Like Cash Cab, QI has a tendency to focus way too much on a specific geographical and cultural region that I don't care about (NY and GB, respectively). That irks me.
The reason it irks me is that since I was really, really young I loved Jeopardy!. Yes, Jeopardy! has an exclamation mark. The exclamation mark is important, dammit. Anyway, I loved Jeopardy!. I loved it before I could pronounce it correctly. I still love it. I actually felt hurt when that stupid IBM ringer stomped on Ken Jennings. Ken Jennings, who is kind of a douche, is nevertheless awesome for kicking ten kinds of ass on Jeopardy!. And he was mercilessly destroyed by a soulless internet-trolling robot. That made me sad. And he had the good grace to accept his defeat with a smile and a nod at internet culture. That... Actually, that made me sad, too. He should have set Watson (or maybe himself) on fire in dramatic protest.
I digress.
QI is not really a quiz show. It is irritating, despite the trivia, precisely because the competition isn't really a competition at all. I never realized it before, but the reason Jeopardy! is awesome is the chance it offers to be superior to someone else. In QI, because the questions are designed merely to be interesting to a specific group of viewers--and to be answered incorrectly even by those in the know--it is basically impossible to for me to answer questions correctly. On top of that, since the points don't matter--that's right, the points are just like any job you can get with a liberal arts degree--there are literally no consequences for either suckage or superiority. And that irks me, simply because I expect my quiz shows to actually be quiz shows. After I realized that QI cannot properly be understood as a quiz show, I was able to enjoy it again.
For all my bitching, the show is redeemed by both its ridiculousness and its occasional moments of true hilarity. I recommend checking it out. You might like it. | http://fullofsleep.blogspot.com/ | robots: classic
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In a RGB color space, hex #acfff7 is composed of 67.5% red, 100% green and 96.9% blue. Whereas in a CMYK color space, it is composed of 32.5% cyan, 0% magenta, 3.1% yellow and 0% black. It has a hue angle of 174.2 degrees, a saturation of 100% and a lightness of 83.7%. #acfff7 color hex could be obtained by blending #ffffff with #59ffef. Closest websafe color is: #99ffff.
• R 67
• G 100
• B 97
RGB color chart
• C 33
• M 0
• Y 3
• K 0
CMYK color chart
#acfff7 color description : Pale cyan.
#acfff7 Color Conversion
The hexadecimal color #acfff7 has RGB values of R:172, G:255, B:247 and CMYK values of C:0.33, M:0, Y:0.03, K:0. Its decimal value is 11337719.
Hex triplet acfff7 #acfff7
RGB Decimal 172, 255, 247 rgb(172,255,247)
RGB Percent 67.5, 100, 96.9 rgb(67.5%,100%,96.9%)
CMYK 33, 0, 3, 0
HSL 174.2°, 100, 83.7 hsl(174.2,100%,83.7%)
HSV (or HSB) 174.2°, 32.5, 100
Web Safe 99ffff #99ffff
CIE-LAB 94.739, -26.746, -4.198
XYZ 69.557, 87.003, 101.119
xyY 0.27, 0.338, 87.003
CIE-LCH 94.739, 27.073, 188.921
CIE-LUV 94.739, -39.443, -2.071
Hunter-Lab 93.275, -30.121, 1.017
Binary 10101100, 11111111, 11110111
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A tone is produced by adding gray to any pure hue. In this case, #d2d9d8 is the less saturated color, while #acfff7 is the most saturated one.
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Below, you can see how #acfff7 is perceived by people affected by a color vision deficiency. This can be useful if you need to ensure your color combinations are accessible to color-blind users.
• #e5e5e5 Achromatopsia 0.005% of the population
• #daeae9 Atypical Achromatopsia 0.001% of the population
• #f4efef Protanopia 1% of men
• #ffeafd Deuteranopia 1% of men
• #d7f5ff Tritanopia 0.001% of the population
• #daf5f2 Protanomaly 1% of men, 0.01% of women
• #e0f2fb Deuteranomaly 6% of men, 0.4% of women
• #c7f9fc Tritanomaly 0.01% of the population | http://www.colorhexa.com/acfff7 | robots: classic
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} | 143 | Why Virtuoso
Why Virtuoso
Whatever your travel dream, we can make it a reality.
What is Virtuoso?
What are the advantages of working with the network?
If You're A Traveler Or Considering Traveling:
Virtuoso is a global luxury network of leisure travel advisors and carefully curated travel providers. Virtuoso advisors have unprecedented knowledge of certain areas of the world (often from personal experience), including the best places to stay and the most life-defining experiences to pursue.
The Benefits
• Preferred rates
• Room upgrade upon arrival
• Virtuoso-only amenities
• Daily breakfast for two
• Early check-in and late checkout
• Shipboard credits
• Virtuoso-exclusive shore excursions
• Welcome aboard receptions
• Dedicated onboard hosts
• Private car and driver
• Specialty dining
• Pre-paid gratuities
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} | 121 | Indianapolis Colts: A Fan's Menu
Are you a Colts fan? Can Peyton Manning do no wrong in your eyes? In that case, you're probably craving pork tenderloin sandwiches, steaks, and more—the kind of food that pays proper homage to your beloved team.
Oven-Roasted Pulled Pork Barbecue
Pulled Pork Barbecue
This is an easy and tasty recipe for oven-roasted pulled pork.Michael Piazza
Cowboy Rib Eye
This recipe for mesquite-grilled steak with onions rings comes from Dallas chef Stephan Pyles.André Baranowski
See the RecipeTodd Coleman
Chocolate cream pie
Chocolate Cream Pie
A crunchy crust and pudding-like filling make this pie a standout.Michael Kraus
Strawberry Milk Shake
Strawberry Milk Shake
This recipe is based on one in Thoroughly Modern Milkshakes by Adam Ried.André Baranowski | https://www.saveur.com/article/-/Indianapolis-Colts-A-Fans-Menu/ | isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-10
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Just because I'm feeling bitchy this morning.
As a parting shot to the earlier post on Bush's wiretapping, we have both Jonathan Strong and commenter "Matt" agreeing on one simple idea:
"More importantly, I hope the ACLU and Judge Taylor are willing to take responsibility should another terrorist attack occur on American soil"
hear, hear!
Good point, guys. So who takes responsibility for those 3,000 deaths back on Sept. 11, 2001? Who do we blame for that? Come on ... you obviously can't wait to find a scapegoat for some future, hypothetical terrorist-inflicted deaths, so you shouldn't have any problem figuring out who's ass should be on the line for all those murders that already happened, right?
Who might be responsible for those? Could it be the people who were actually in charge of the country at the time? Could it be the man who was handed a Presidential Daily Briefing entitled "Bin Laden Determined to Attack Inside the U.S.", and immediately went on a month-long vacation?
Come on, boys. You're so fucking stoked to be ready to do some finger pointing based on what might happen in the future, so let's hear it -- who's to blame for 3,000 Americans that are already dead?
Or does that question make you just a wee bit uncomfortable?
, all of those wankers who can't seem to talk about terrorism without hyper-ventilating themselves into a coma should be asked the following simple question: "What is it that the Bush administration could do before the recent court ruling that they're not allowed to do now?"
It is a simple question, isn't it? But I'm willing to bet that not one of those hysterical airheads can come up with an actual, meaningful answer.
The American Anthropologist said...
I think the ACLU should be responsible for terror attacks as much as it could be proven that getting a warrant was impossible because the government had no idea about who the attackers were ahead of time.
Also, people who voted for the government that had no idea who were going to attack us should take responsibility for not voting for someone who did.
Furthermore, Bush supporters should be willing to be tortured if it should be proven that lack of standing up for civil liberties allowed secret prisons to use torture.
steve said...
Being morons, their constant screaming trivializes everything.
Christ, now the word verification is 8 letters long.
CC said...
The word verification has always been up to eight letters long. Better learn to live with it.
Gazetteer said...
But what if they are liquid letters that must be mixed with a watch battery before posting?
If that was the case perhaps wide open Echalon netting of every blogger comment would be useful.
steve said...
Maybe i can refresh until i get nsztzif. Still my fav. | http://canadiancynic.blogspot.com/2006/08/just-because-im-feeling-bitchy-this.html | robots: classic
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} | 943 | 2020 Predictions: A proactive people-centred risk culture will be vital
Working with operational risks is not a tick-in-the box exercise. A structured team works with operational risks and incidents leads to a better risk culture, increased efficiency in the organisation and creates business value. The Financial Conduct Authority is increasingly undertaking independent reviews of regulated firms which are focused on risk culture. However, while the FCA guidelines on risk culture set out the principles to be followed and how to define, measure and manage it, there is no practical guidance on how to embed a sustainable risk culture in operational systems.
To do that effectively in 2020 and in the future requires a proactive people-centred risk culture where the whole organisation sees operational risk management as a value creating activity. That value comes from improved workplace productivity and preventing incidents happening or recurring, with evidence that structured analysis of root causes of risks and effective implementation of solutions can save a considerable amount of employees’ time.
Analyse root causes not symptoms
In operational processes, issues and risks are often created upstream but the symptoms are seen downstream. For example, when entering an order, an incorrect definition of a financial instrument can lead to incorrect settlement data discovered much later in the process.
When these issues are identified the priority should be to address the immediate problem and then fix the root cause. That might be to re-engineer the process, including supporting systems, and how the team works. It may require the presence of senior leaders, the involvement of cross-functional teams and sometimes even external stakeholders to drive speedy and effective problem solving.
An effective risk culture requires a transparent and simple governance
A tailored and simple governance structure is the foundation for effective management of operational risks. This must be practical and reinforce the organisation’s policies and standards to create a consensus on definitions and common view of how things should be done, with risk reporting seen as everyone’s responsibility. There should also be a recognition that this needs to go beyond a technocratic reliance on institutional control frameworks and tick-box exercises to satisfy regulators.
Effective processes are needed to capture, visualise and manage risks, issues and incidents which give instant feedback to the person who identified a risk or logged an issue or incident, and provide everyone involved with a shared view of the situation. Roles and responsibilities then need to be clearly articulated, and the right resources allocated. The processes must follow a pattern of: do it yourself, if you cannot solve it yourself then involve the team, if you cannot solve it within your own team then bring in other teams and if that is not possible then initiate a project.
At one client we worked with, their operations staff continuously encountered problems in counterparty reconciliation of position valuations for collaterals. To solve this, they brought together representatives from operations, the front office, risk, and IT to look for the root cause. What emerged was that this was a symptom of many issues ranging from the portfolio system receiving an incorrect official closing price to the necessity of re-engineering the collateral management process. The operations staff could not possibly solve these on their own, but the combined knowledge of several departments meant the whole end-to end process could be analysed, root causes could be identified and jointly solved.
A transparent information flow of risks and incidents throughout the whole organisation will then enable it to prioritise effectively, and make informed decisions especially on functional or cross-functional team work to solve risks, issues and incidents.
Involve and motivate your people
There are a number of key steps organisations can take to involve and motivate people to create a proactive and transparent risk culture. The first is to set a clear direction so that all employees understand why a new approach is being implemented. This should then be followed by a focus on a particular area where there are issues and where there is clear potential to improve, all backed up by data to ensure there is a real understanding of the problem and what will make the difference. This must take place in an environment of openness and trust where everything is put on the table.
Then in developing solutions, people at all levels must be involved and contribute to the process. That requires starting with an end-to-end view where the team selects the right problems and addresses root causes.
When any new processes are implemented, they should be simple and transparent with two or three relevant leading and lagging KPIs so that everyone understands how it works, the present position and what the target is. In the beginning, the KPIs can be as simple as measuring the number of identified and solved risks and issues. When the organisation is more mature, it is possible to implement more advanced KPIs, for example the percentage of failed trades of the total amount of entered trades for a specific financial instrument.
Leaders and managers will need to take a proactive role in supporting and coaching and in making sure they know what the real issues are. They should also recognise that implementing new behaviours takes time and the process will be slow and ensure the new ways of working are fully up and running before expanding them to more and more teams.
In 2020 and beyond, this combination of identifying the root causes of any risks, involving everyone in the solutions and making sure they are realistic is the best way to create a risk culture that will both meet the regulator’s requirements and add value to the business.
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} | 57 | Conversation Between Aurgasm and DJdharma
2 Visitor Messages
1. HEY!!! Just saw your post! It was a blast meeting up and I look forward to the next shindig! take care~!
2. Forza! Great to meet you at the Adventurer! Look forward to seeing you again at the next event!
Showing Visitor Messages 1 to 2 of 2 | https://www.coachella.com/forum/converse.php?u=8346&u2=12413 | robots: classic
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} | 1,101 | What The New Costco Visa Card Means For Consumers And Millennials
Tweet This
The Costco Wholesale Corporation, began its operations in Washington back in 1983, is undoubtedly one of the most beloved retailers in the United States. The warehouses are designed to be consumer-friendly, allowing us to shop in bulk. These store also gives smaller businesses an opportunity to purchase products for resale at reduced costs. Costco's categories cover just about everything you can imagine including things like groceries, appliances, automotive supplies, television and media, tires, toys, jewelry, watches, books, apparel, furniture, office equipment, and so on. The best part is: they've tapped into the envious market of the higher-income consumer as Costco is associated with quality.
A Costco Wholesale warehouse location in Woodbridge, Virginia, January 5, 2016. AFP PHOTO / SAUL LOEB / AFP / SAUL LOEB (Photo credit should read SAUL LOEB/AFP/Getty Images)
In fact, for 16 long years Costco had an exclusive partnership with American Express . Now in wake of the recent events Costco has decided to partner with Visa starting June 20th. Costco stores will accept their newly Costco branded Citi Visa, all other Visa cards, checks, cash or debit cards, but no longer American Express or Discover cards. In fact, the Costco-branded American Express cards are about to become invalid. The partnership with Citi begins a new co-branded card that will replace the existing American Express Costco cards. This new relationship highlights the growing reputation of this retailing giant with its whopping 671 locations across the globe and a tremendously loyal customer base. We'll examine the impact this change will make.
How It Impacts Costco Consumers:
• A Seamless Experience: Any time you change the way people spend/pay for things, you risk disruptment. Will consumers need to apply for this new credit card and how will their credit history be impacted? Will there be more paperwork? Refreshingly, Costco has thought of that. They’ve made sure that all cardholders won't have to apply for the new Costco-Visa card as they will simply be pre-approved and receive them by mail.
• Potential Promotional Perks: As the card companies are always in a state of intense, profitable competition with each other, they are on the lookout to grab the attention of customers. With this Costco fallout, American Express is likely to try to recapture some of its lost, affluent customer base. We expect them to counter with promotional, appealing offers and incentives to retain their card holder. This is expected to translate into some interesting new deals for Costco card holders.
• Still Carry an American Express Balance? American Express has notified cardholders who have a debt balance on their card that that even when the Costco American Express partnership ends, these consumers won’t be forced to pay their balance off right away. To the relief of American Express and the consumers involved, they will have the ability to continue to carry a balance and make payments.
• Pay Attention To Paying Your Bill. If you’re like many card-holders, you’ve set to have the card balance paid automatically. This is something you’ll have to keep an eye on. You will likely need to re-enter your bank account/checking account information for recurring payments on the new card, and you should also check that your old card is still set-up correctly. The new Costco Visa card will have a new number account number, so you’ll need to update all of your billing records. As a result consumers should be careful in making modifications to their information on any recurring online payments.
Why The Costco/Visa Deal Matters to The Millennials:
Costco puts in a fair share of effort in trying to engage the Genx and younger Millennial customers . Being mindful of their buying power, the retailer has attracted this huge buying population by building a bigger online presence, increasing their organic offerings, amplifying their social media reach, and even allowing same day delivery facilities in certain locations. Younger shoppers and investors are more inclined to admire companies such as Costco because of location convenience and their reputation for paying their employees well, and who provide samples and an attractive employee benefits package. Not to mention, they are extremely active in giving back to the communities, something Millennials care about a lot.
Customers wait in line to check out after shopping inside a Costco Wholesale Corp. store in Nashville, Tennessee, U.S., on Friday, Sept. 25, 2015. Costco Wholesale Corp., the largest U.S. warehouse-club chain, is expected to release fourth-quarter earnings figures on September 29. Photographer: Luke Sharrett/Bloomberg
Millennials which range from 18 to 35 are at the rite of passage age. Some are starting families-; or are nearing those days. These younger, highly educated consumer parents are attracted to Costco as a one-stop-shop for high quality bulk baby diapers, wipes, household necessities, clothes, and bulk organic foods at reasonable wholesale prices. Even luxury goods such as iPads, iPhones, digital cameras, clothing, 4k televisions, cosmetics, and even car insurance.
The Visa deal will make Costco an even more favorable option for the younger generation. In the USA, there are about 304 million Visa credit cards compared to a mere 45.6 million American Express credit cards. Costco’s decision to end the 16 year old partnership with American Express, is telling. It saves the store money and brings in more consumers. Many businesses choose not to accept American Express cards due to the cards' higher rates of exchange fees. American Express cards can also be a lot harder to get given the company’s strict quest for higher-quality borrowers. Millennials who are unwilling to go through the hassles of the card will welcome this move.
One thing is for certain, American Express is losing out. It’s estimated that close to 10% of all American Express cards bear the Costco logo and losing Costco is costly. The company is facing an unprecedented downhill slide and the stock could possibly become one of the worst performing Dow Jones Industrial Average Stocks in 2016. Costco generated revenues of more than $100 billion last year in sales and their customers account for about 20% of the loans held by American Express. It’s a bold move for Costco as well as they have also seen a pullback impact on their financials. Having said that, this phase for Costco and its consumers is temporary and should lead to a positive surge for the retailer.
Investment News named Winnie Sun, Sun Group Wealth Partners, ‘Twenty Women To Watch’. She is among the highest followed financial advisors on social media. Book your complimentary consult here online.
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Mathematics for Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Y. Takeuchi, Y. Iwasa, and K. Sato, editors
Springer Verlag
Publication Date:
Number of Pages:
Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering
BLL Rating:
[Reviewed by
William J. Satzer
, on
Interest in and sophistication with mathematical modeling in environmental science has grown significantly in the last decade, spurred at least in part by issues of global warming. Mathematics for Ecology and Environmental Sciences is a collection of papers from a 2004 conference (“Dynamical Systems Theory and Its Applications to Biology and Environmental Sciences”). A companion volume (Mathematics for Life Science and Medicine) focuses more on epidemiology and infectious disease dynamics and is reviewed separately.
The current volume concentrates on population dynamics in a broad sense. There is an introductory essay and seven papers. These are unlike typical conference papers because the authors — at the direction of the conference organizers — made serious efforts to write accessibly for non-experts. Consequently, each paper addresses the biological background and motivation for the mathematical modeling. A modest background in differential equations — including analysis of stability and equilibrium for systems of differential equations — is adequate to understand most of the papers’ mathematical content.
I can perhaps best give the flavor of the book by summarizing a couple of the papers. The first paper develops a mathematical model of physiologically structured populations wherein individual development is affected by the population density. The authors show how to associate a dynamical system to the model and determine the steady states. An example of a physiologically structured population is an environment with juvenile and adult fish. Cycles can occur that begin with juveniles outcompeting their parents for food since they are small-bodied and need less energy for maintenance than their larger-bodied parents. The parents then starve, the juveniles reproduce and then they starve as they are outcompeted in turn by their offspring.
On a cheerier note, a later paper investigates indirect reciprocity — the possibility that altruistic acts within a population are returned not to the recipient but to a third party. The authors describe how this situation is handled by classical game theory, and then discuss how evolutionary game theory shows how strategies for indirect reciprocation can be evolutionarily stable.
This small volume is expensive for its size, but a good introduction to the field for non-specialists who want to sample the area.
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} | 1,518 | A Hassle-Free Approach to Making Your Mac Adapt to Your Environment
The idea is simple: you have a much different setup at home than you do at work, and maybe even other setups for your favorite coffee shop or your significant other's apartment. Rather than altering your privacy, security, power management, and other system settings every time you change locations, you can make the change quickly and even automatically. There are plenty of ways to solve this problem but we're going to look at two methods here. First we're going to look at a software-based method that'll make your Mac location-aware and adapt to its new environment automatically. After that we'll also take a look at an OS X built-in method for a little added security and data isolation in case you want to compartmentalize your different environments on your computer (you know, so your files stay hidden even if you share your computer, for example). So, let's get to it!
The Hassle-Free Method: AirPort Location
A Hassle-Free Approach to Making Your Mac Adapt to Your EnvironmentS
Mac OS X has some built-in location features (which you can find in System Preferences -> Network), but we're going to look at something that gives you a lot more control over not only your network settings but a ton more. That something is called AirPort Location and it allows you to take a snapshot of your current settings and re-apply them manually or when your laptop comes near a specific location. A snapshot can include practically any setting on your computer from all your network settings, which menu bar icons are active, your desktop background, your Adium status, connected servers, practically everything pertaining to your dock, and a whole bunch more. You can save this information for multiple setups—home, work, coffee shop, etc.—and have them automatically update when you arrive. This is pretty great, and we're going to take a look at how it works.
To get started, just follow these steps:
1. Download AirPort Location Note: You'll need to be running Mac OS X 10.6.x for it to work. Currently it doesn't work with older or newer versions of the operating system (although, presumably, it will be update to support Lion in the near future).
2. Once downloaded, just move the app into your Applications folder and launch it. You'll see a small + (inside a square) appear in your menu bar. Click the + and you'll see you've already got an Unnamed Location chosen for you. Below that Unnamed Location will be a "Change Snapshot" option. Select that, then choose "Set a Name for This Snapshot." Type the name you want and your current setup will be saved under that name. (You'll want to do this for your location as well.)
3. Next, click the + again and select Unconfigured Snapshot -> Configure Snapshot Elements. A window will appear that will let you select the different things you want to change when you change locations. For example, you can select a specific Wi-Fi network, the default printer you're using, and any VPN settings. You can even re-arrange the dock, change active applications, and run AppleScripts and Automator actions to put everything just the way you like it. Pretty much any setting you can think of—including the translucency of your menu bar—can be saved in a snapshot. Select everything you want to be saved in this specific snapshot and then click the "Save" button.
4. Now click the + menu item one more time and choose Your Snapshot Name Snapshot -> Update Snapshot for Your Snapshot Name. This will save all the settings you selected in the last step into your snapshot.
That's all you have to do to get your first snapshot set up. To set up the others, just create a new one next time you're in a different location and follow these steps. When you've got everything set up, you'll be able to quickly go to the + menu item, choose your location, and watch AirPort Location put everything in order just the way you like it.
The Isolated, Added Security Method: Multiple User Accounts
If you don't like the idea of having your work stuff mixed with your regular stuff, or just want a little added security, there's another way you can have your computer easily adapt to your environment: multiple accounts. Your Mac makes it really easy to set up multiple accounts, plus you shouldn't have to install any apps twice as they're shared in the primary Applications folder on your hard drive. (In rare circumstances you'll have a few apps installed in the Applications folder in your Home folder, but if that's the case you can generally just move them.) You can also add a shared documents folder should you want the accounts to co-mingle in certain circumstances, but keep your work- or home-specific documents isolated by account. This is really easy to set up. Here are the steps you need to take:
1. You already have your main account, so let's consider that one your personal account and the one we're going to add your work account. To add it, open System Preferences and click Accounts (if you're running 10.6, or Users & Groups if you're running 10.7).
2. Click the + button on the bottom left. If you can't, click the Lock icon to enter your password and unlock all privileges.
3. A new account form should pop up and the type will likely be set to "Standard." Unless you want to limit the capabilities of your new account, change this to "Administrator." Then go ahead and choose a new username and password. When you're done, click "Create Account" (or "Create User" in 10.7).
4. Now you have a new user, but that new user needs to be set up. You'll want to start by enabling Fast User Switching so you can go between these accounts quickly and easily. To do that, click on the "Login Options" button towards the bottom left. You'll see an option to enable Fast User Switching and choose how to display it (by full name, username, etc.). Turn it on, select what you want, and then you'll see your choices pop up in the top right corner of your menubar. Click on it and choose your new user to switch to it.
5. Upon selecting the new user, you'll be prompted for that user's password. Enter it and OS X will load the new user's desktop. It'll look a lot like a brand new Mac, but you'll find all your applications are the same. You can go ahead and drag the ones you want for your new work user into the dock, set up your network (and other) preferences how you like them, and get things configured solely for your work environment. If you don't need to set up a shared documents folder between your multiple accounts, you can just stop here. If you want to do that, however, keep reading.
6. To share documents between your multiple accounts, you just need to create a folder on your hard drive that can be easily accessed by both. Mac OS X has a designated space for shared folders: Hard Driver -> Users -> Shared. Anything you put in there can be accessed by virtually anybody, so if you want to lock it down to just your two (or more) user accounts you should create the new folder elsewhere. So, make that new folder wherever you want it, and then go to the File menu and choose "Get Info."
7. Down at the bottom of the Get Info panel you'll see a section called "Sharing & Permissions." Expand it if necessary, and then click the lock in the bottom right corner to make changes. To the far left of the lock is a + button. Click on that, choose any users you want to have access to this shared folder, and then click the "Select" button.
8. You'll see those two users get added to the list, but likely with "Read only" privileges. To change that, click on "Read only" next to the user's name and change it to "Read & Write." When you're finished, close the Get Info panel and both users will now be able to access this folder like it is their own.
Once you've got your multiple users set up, all you have to do is switch between them when you move from place to place. As previously discussed, this is really easy with Fast User Switching. The only thing you want to keep in mind is that keeping your other user logged-in with open applications can slow down your computer a bit, so if you're using this method you may want to only use one user at a time or just shut down most applications before switching.
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} | 148 | Direct Deposit
********* IT IS *********
small flame Simple
small flame Safe
small flame Convenient
small flame Reliable
1. With Direct Deposit, your money is in your bank account on payday! Whether you're on vacation, sick or out of town, your pay will automatically be deposited and available for your use.
2. Direct Deposit is the safest, most confidential way to get your money into your checking or savings account. No more worrying about lost, stolen or damaged paychecks, and there's no need to make special trips to the back or credit union to deposit your checks. Why wait in line on payday?
3. With Direct Deposit, you still receive a Pay Stub from Ferris State University and a monthly statement from your financial institution to let you know your account has been credited.
DOWNLOAD and print a
Direct Deposit Authorization Form
Instructions for setting up Direct Deposit
click here | http://www.ferris.edu/HTMLS/administration/adminandfinance/finance/Payroll/directdepositinfo.htm | robots: classic
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Cross-Talk: Deleveraging the Consumer and the New Realities of a Pay-As-You-Go World
Margie and I were flipping through channels and happened to stop on financial guru Suze Orman making the case that we're now living in a pay-as-you-go society. Her point was that credit of all sorts--from credit cards to student, mortgage, and car loans--was going to be more difficult to come by and thus more expensive. In a world of constrained lending, we go from a credit card mentality to a debit card mind set. We pay out of money that we already have, not out of money that we can borrow.
At a broader level, this means that the deleveraging we've been seeing at banks is filtering down to the public. As Mish observes, this greatly affects consumer outlooks: it's no longer about keeping up with the Joneses. Rather, frugality becomes the operative priority. When employment, housing values, stock values, and bond values are contracting, the incentive is huge to hang on to what you've got. You certainly don't dig a hole for yourself by going into debt. Pay-as-you-go is the prudent alternative.
There have been many comparisons of the current market/economic period with the 1930s and the Great Depression. Most of those comparisons, understandably, focus on how bad market and economic conditions could get. A better comparison, however, would be the ways in which financial crises affect societal attitudes for an entire generation. From the Roaring 20s to the Depression 30s, we saw a dramatic shift in attitudes about saving, investment, and risk. My grandfather, who lost his fortune in the that crisis, never went back to investing in stocks and bonds. He became a frugal saver, who kept many different bank accounts lest there be problems at any one institution.
That is the way of psychological trauma: a single set of painful, powerful emotional events can reshape perception and action. As the deleveraging of the consumer unfolds, I believe we'll see a similar reshaping of views: fiscal prudence will become a mantra for households--and eventually will be expected of government. Not all of that will be for the worst. In the interim, however, that deleveraging--and the accompanying shift in attitudes--will create winners and losers on Wall St. Companies that produce necessities and that create unique value will prosper over those that connote luxury; firms that are well-capitalized and generate significant free cash flow will have the advantage over those that depend upon borrowing--their own, and that of consumers.
I was looking yesterday at companies in my basket of stocks that were making fresh 10-day closing highs. They included MRK, PFE, T, VZ, MO, and JNJ. All make products that, rightly or wrongly, are perceived as necessities--or at least affordable (and indispensable) luxuries. At the end of this month, we'll spend a little extra to get our kids the cell phones they want. We may very well, however, scale back our plans to buy them cars or travel abroad. As the recession unfolds, the companies that make the things you'll buy in a pay-as-you-go world may be the best place to look for market outperformers. | http://traderfeed.blogspot.com/2008/10/cross-talk-deleveraging-consumer-and.html | robots: classic
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I want to open native application to send sms but there should be already phone number. I found ACTION_SEND but when I'm calling my function it's return error that:
04-26 11:59:15.991: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(20198): android.content.ActivityNotFoundException: No Activity found to handle Intent { act=android.intent.action.SENDTO (has extras) }
My code presented here:
private void smsSend(String number) {
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, null);
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_PHONE_NUMBER, number);
I know that's is simple but I don't know why it does not work and I can not find any helfull information.
Thanks for any advice.
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4 Answers
up vote 14 down vote accepted
Why, this should work fine.
Check out my code:
Uri uri = Uri.parse("smsto:0800000123");
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri);
it.putExtra("sms_body", "The SMS text");
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By using Uri with smsto problem solved ;) – Robert Apr 26 '11 at 10:08
add comment
Thanks for the info ! Here is my solution using the previous info:
if (url.indexOf("tel:") > -1) {
startActivity(new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DIAL, Uri.parse(url)));
return true;
else if (url.indexOf("sms:") > -1){
startActivity(new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, Uri.parse(url)));
return true;
Best regards.
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I think you should use the following code:
Intent sendIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
//use to fill the sms body
StringBuilder uri = new StringBuilder("sms:" + mobilenumber);
sendIntent.putExtra("sms_body", "");
I think this may help you.
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If one is using markiz's code outside of an activity, one can put
I did use it like that, so thought it might just be useful. :)
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Your Answer
| http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5788189/action-send-used-to-send-sms | robots: classic
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} | 71 | "nervous, scared"
i try not to say
i'm falling for you
but i'm falling down
your stairs.
when you hit the
lights it's almost
like you're trying not
to care--
well, there's a fine
line between
being nervous, and
being scared--
so when we kiss
with nervous kisses
and play with
each other's hair,
there's never
a second that goes
by, right then
right there, that
I'm not "scared"
I could lose you. | https://www.fictionpress.com/s/2495492/1/nervous-scared | robots: classic
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} | 871 | Saturday, May 10, 2008
Coming of age, and doing so continually
"How does it feel to be seventy?", she asked me. It was only one day after I had started out on the eighth decade of my life. Two days earlier she had herself reached the age of ten. My brief answer to her question was: "Well, the same as yesterday, I presume." Yet, in a culture in which perceptions of quantity are profoundly conditioned by the long-term use of the decimal system, it is only natural that the passage from one decade of one's life to the next does not go unnoticed. When ten years earlier I turned sixty and now that I recently turned seventy, both occasions were celebrated by surprise parties at which friends and relatives felt they should express their thoughts and feelings to me, some of them clearly taking the opportunity to briefly reflect on the fact that they, too, were advancing surprisingly faster than they realized on their trajectory through life, and ultimately to its end.
The Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary defines 'coming of age' as the "attainment of prominence, respectability, recognition, or maturity." The expression is normally used to indicate the stage of becoming an accepted member of the community of adults, someone who can be held accountable for what he or she does. Rites of passage of some sort are frequently associated with reaching this stage. However, from the perspective of the growing individual, coming of age never really stops and no particular passage can be universally seen as more relevant or important than another as the continually transforming power of learning impacts differentially on each of us depending on who we are as well as on the highly varied circumstances of our evolving existence.
For me, I recognize several stages in how I have perceived life as it evolved. Those stages are not very clearly linked to a particular age bracket. Rather, the next stage grows out of the previous one, but does so quite rapidly, it seems. Thus, there was an early period when my queries about what it meant to be dead (a relevant question when you want to know what it means to be alive) were met by my mother with the response that this wasn't an issue for me. Death was too far away to be a relevant concern. She would tell me when it would become relevant. Yet, I grew up in an environment where religious convictions held it that there would be life after death and it was thus perfectly natural for a small child like me, who is being told such stories, to be inquisitive about the transition from this life to what is supposed to follow. While my mother's answer did not satisfy my curiosity, I guess it led me to develop an initial perspective on life as something more or less indefinitely long.
However, as I grew up during the Second World War, death was never far away. In fact, I witnessed the disappearance of people in my environment from a very early age onward. It didn't take long for death to become a recognized fact of life. Yet, what I assume is the biology of growth of a young organism--even in the circumstances of deprivation and destruction that characterized those war years--seemed to prevent me from seeing death as a possible part of my own life. Death was what happened to others. My role in life was to live.
The thought that one does something with one's life came later, somewhere during adolescence. It's the time when life starts becoming defined by its pursuits. The prospect of death is there, but pursuits take precedence. Besides, much more still lies ahead than what came before. Moreover, what came before looks like eternity. The beginning of it has left no conscious trace in memory. One looks back to a point that vanishes in time. Comparatively, what lies ahead is an equally undefined trajectory the end of which is similarly marked by oblivion.
It roughly took me until the age of sixty before the thought that life has an end had become a pervasive element of my day-to-day experience and my thinking about the future--my future, the future that was still in my hands. A new phase in life took shape, one that centered on ideas like completion and reflection. At seventy I am still very much in the middle of that phase. I revisited and continue to revisit the things that were important to me in the past. I join them together, making them interact, allowing them to acquire new meaning in the present day context. I'm also thinking about how to leave and what to leave behind when time comes to go. Not that I think the end is near, but the reality of an end has become sufficiently manifest that I feel this phase in life is also characterized by urgency. Particularly, I am trying to discover ways to let my personal learning journey become an integrated part of the learning that others, who will survive me, will then still engage in for some time. Hopefully they will take similar care for ensuring the sustainability of the learning ecology as generation upon generation of humans partakes in it. | http://jvisser-ldi.blogspot.com/2008_05_01_archive.html | robots: classic
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} | 936 | Data Mining: Is Credit Card Fraud More Serious Than Terrorism?
This is clearly appeasement politics gone bad. People are okay with data mining when it is used to fight against consumer fraud with relation to credit cards but are not alright with data mining when it comes to our safety from terrorists. This country has become A$$ backwards. This is ludicrous!! Our government has given up a very important capability to sift out who are and who are not terrorists. It is clear that the civil libertarians overreacted to this necessary and effective tool that could have been used to protect us from terror while maintaining our privacy at the same time. Civil libertarians consistently defend Individual rights to the enth degree even when it is to the detriment to our national security. This is on more instance where political appeasement took precedent over Americans' safety.
Here is an interesting article I found that was written by John Yoo about data mining as it relates to terrorism and how valuable information is being lost in the fight to stop terror because our government isn't willing to allow its use against terrorists.
The U.S. is fighting terror with one hand behind its back by refusing to exploit data-mining tools.
With the arrests last week of 24 alleged terrorists in Britain, the government's legal tools for fighting Al Qaeda are up for debate once again. Homeland Security Secretary Michael Chertoff suggests that Congress emulate Britain's law allowing extended pretrial detention of suspects. Others have observed that British law enforcement can more easily initiate investigations and obtain search warrants than their American counterparts.
But increasing detention time or making warrants easier to come by merely extends an old-fashioned approach to catching terrorists. These tools require individualized suspicion and "probable cause"; police must have evidence of criminal activity in hand. Such methods did not prevent 9/11, and stopping terrorists, who may have no criminal record, requires something more.
Instead of enlarging the scope of standard law enforcement methods, we should be doing what Americans do best--innovating and applying new technology to the problem. Despite what civil libertarians might have you think, that means data mining.
Data mining uses supercomputers to analyze vast amounts of information for suspicious patterns of behavior. It appears to have been an important tool in breaking up the plot in Britain. According to news reports, British authorities searched telephone, e-mail and banking records and uncovered connections between the bombers in Britain and their supporters in Pakistan.
American efforts to develop sophisticated data-mining abilities died early in 2003, when criticism killed the Defense Department's Total Information Awareness program. The idea was to develop mining techniques to compare information in government and commercial databases. Civil libertarians engaged in a scare campaign representing the TIA as an unchecked Big Brother. Congress cut off all funding for the program. It was a political defeat early in the war on terrorism, and the president retreated as fast as he could.
But that was a dangerous overreaction. Corporations already use data mining to detect consumer fraud and to market products such as credit cards and magazine subscriptions. Financial companies analyze patterns that might indicate a stolen credit card or bank account number. Why should the government be barred from using similar tools on similar databases to protect the country from attack? Data mining is nothing but an ordinary, ubiquitous feature of technology today.
In fact, the government also already uses modest forms of data mining. In response to drug cartels and organized crime, federal authorities are allowed to search banking records for signs of money laundering. Such analysis has already paid off in the war against terror by identifying groups that funnel funds to extremist organizations.
What about privacy concerns? The Supreme Court has found that the information in business records does not merit 4th Amendment protection because the consumer has already voluntarily turned over the information to a third party.
Still, civil libertarians object to data mining because most of the records and communications that would be searched are innocent, and there is no suspicion of criminal activity attached to any individual whose records may be mined. When the National Security Agency was discovered in May to be looking at telephone billing information on millions of calls within the United States, Sen. Patrick Leahy (D-Vt.) railed at a hearing: "Are you telling me tens of millions of Americans are involved with Al Qaeda?"
But it's important to remember that data mining is not the same thing as gathering the information in the first place. The NSA's program of looking at billing information, for example, doesn't raise the same constitutional issues as its other recently revealed program: warrantless wiretaps. There, the content of communications was captured. A federal trial judge in Detroit enjoined such surveillance Thursday, in a decision already on appeal.
Data mining could be controlled and developed so that it protects us from terror and maintains our privacy. Analysis could be limited to data already turned over to third parties. Searches could be performed initially by computer; only after a certain level of suspicious activity had been registered would an intelligence or law enforcement officer be allowed to see the results. A warrant could still be required to investigate the content of communications or the purpose of purchases.
Right now, we're fighting terror with one hand behind our back by refusing to exploit data-mining tools. London's success should serve notice that we must use our technological sophistication and reject the sky-is-falling claims of the extreme civil libertarians.
H/T goes to American Enterprise Institute For Public Policy ResearchSource URL:
Visit Out law republican for Daily Updated Hairstyles Collection
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} | 555 | Descriptive Writing Exercises for College Students
"The Lord of the Rings," "The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe" and the Harry Potter series are all books famous for transporting readers into a detailed, magical world. While a college writing class might seem far away from Middle Earth or Narnia, you, too, may be expected to take readers on a journey. Descriptive writing exercises can help you gain details and material from your own life and practice writing in a vivid, concrete manner that will grab the attention of readers.
Mining detail from your memories is a great way to connect with readers.
Author Virginia Hamilton writes that "Capturing an event through descriptive writing involves paying close attention to the details by using all of your five senses." Writing with strong sensory detail will make them taste the tang of lemon juice, hear the crackle and snap of a bonfire, and feel the smooth, soft fur of a puppy. By tapping into your own memories, you can write descriptions that will evoke those same memories in your reader. Practice writing about the sensory details that are most unforgettable about a favorite memory.
Whether it is a biography, short story or novel, all good writing is filled with dynamic, multifaceted characters who become real people to readers. Many college English classes include an essay that profiles another person. Bringing that subject to life for audiences in these assignments will require strong use of description and detail. To practice these skills, first go to a public place. Pick out a person who looks interesting and observe him or her while taking notes. Then, write a brief piece where you imagine who this person might be and what his life might be like.
An interesting job you've had can provide lifelike details for your writing.
According to the University of Berkeley, Americans hold an average of five to six jobs in their lifetime. Work is, therefore, an experience that readers can easily relate to. Describe an activity you do at your job. It could be manufacturing parts at a shop, taking orders at a drive-through or babysitting small children. Tell what it feels like physically and mentally to do this job, as well as the task's most prominent sensory details.
Paying attention to your use of adjectives and adverbs can streamline your descriptive prose.
Many writers think that using lots of adjectives and adverbs is the same thing as good description. In fact, using too many of them can actually weaken your writing. Always look for the most concise, specific way to describe something; for example, rather than saying, "She walked smoothly," try saying "She glided." This phrase is concrete and, in the end, easier for the reader to visualize. Go through something you have written and circle all the adjectives and adverbs. Then, ask yourself whether each one is necessary to the description's success, or whether a more compact phrase would work better.
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