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38876231 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T04:26:07.460Z | 1999-12-01T00:00:00.000Z | Organ Donation and the Anguish of Failure
Failure to transplant a vital organ devastates both the person who needs it and the family of the person who gives it. While organ donors are sometimes very much alive—for example, donors of a single kidney— I will focus on cadaver donors, or rather, their surrogates; patient surrogates are often, properly speaking, the donors of organs from the decedent, who is, properly speaking, the source of the organs. I want to ask whether disclosing bad news to patients’ surrogates or “donating families” does more harm than good. I argue for barring donating families from information about transplantation outcomes. Such a policy would allow all donating families to tell themselves a story in which the death of someone they love has enabled another person to live. |
136702531 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-28T13:08:51.431Z | 2014-06-01T00:00:00.000Z | Impedance Spectroscopic Studies on Natural Rubber-TiO2 Nanocomposite
In this study, we demonstrate dielectric properties of Natural rubber-TiO2 (NR-TiO2) nanocomposite. We fabricated a device by sandwiching NR-TiO2 nanocomposite between two different work function electrodes aluminium and Indium Tin Oxide (ITO). Capacitance versus voltage analysis showed a nonlinear behavior as that of an organic Schottky diode. Variation of real and imaginary part of dielectric constant with different frequencies was studied by using Electrochemical Impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Validity of the impedance data was evaluated by using theoretical Kramers-Kronig relations and the obtained results showed an acceptable match with high degree of consistency. |
234720881 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-05-18T00:02:53.696Z | 2020-07-09T00:00:00.000Z | s.Four New Challenges, 20 Global Health and Human Rights in the Age of Populism
This chapter examines the threat of populism to global health and human rights. Out of the ashes of World War II, institutions of global health and human rights have brought the world together in unprecedented cooperation, giving rise to the successes and opportunities detailed throughout this text. However, the current populist age threatens these successes and raises obstacles to future progress. In violent contrast with the shared goals of a globalizing world, populism seeks to retrench nations inward, with right-wing populist nationalism directly challenging institutions of global health, violating the rights of vulnerable populations, and spurring isolationism in international affairs. Such retrenchment could lead to a rejection of both global governance and human rights as a basis for global health. Yet, with hope for the future, there remains enduring strength in institutions of global health and human rights, with these institutional bulwarks capable of facing the challenges to come. |
109102281 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-01-24T12:51:42.234Z | 2014-12-12T00:00:00.000Z | Recent Progress of Manufacturing Technologies on C&W Superalloys in China
In order to meet the growing demand on markets both domestic and international, the manufacturing technologies of superalloys keep improving in China. This paper reviews the progresses and trends on melting, cogging, and forging technologies for China’s C&W superalloys in the recent 20 years. Introduction Cast and Wrought (C&W) superalloys have been developed since 1950s in China [1]. The past 60 years has witnessed the progress of China’s C&W superalloy, starting from imitation to innovation. The manufacturing technologies and product quality keep improving. Especially since the 1990’s, the demand for superalloy products grows rapidly with the fast development of China's energy, power and other areas of national economy. Under the driving force of strong market demands both domestic and international, new processes and new technologies keep being developed and the quality of products gets improved continuously. The international demands also drive Chinese manufacturers to upgrade and extend capacity. In recent years, many advanced new devices have been installed in China, such as 6/12 ton Vacuum Induction Melting (VIM) Furnace, 5/20 ton Protective atmosphere Electro Slag Remelting (PREP) furnace, 10 ton Helium-cooled Vacuum Arc Remelting (VAR) furnace; 4500/6000 ton billetizing Press, 1850 ton radial forging Press, 80000 ton hydraulic die-press, 35500 ton screw press, 50000 ton and 36000 ton extruder. These advanced equipments also facilitate the implementation of improved processes and technologies for C&W superalloys production. |
410381 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-02-18T06:47:25.660Z | 2009-05-19T00:00:00.000Z | Research on the Identification of Stator Resistance Based on the Theory of the Wavelet Fuzzy Neural Network
Based on temperature of stator winding and its rate of variety have characteristics of nonlinear and time frequency, which is hard to build precise mathematical model. A novel approach to identifying the induction motor stator resistance on line is presented. This method is based on the theory of the wavelet transform fuzzy neural network identification algorithm. Using the time frequency location characteristic and multi-scale ability of wavelet transform, and the recursive orthogonal least squares algorithm, this paper proposes the modified "Givens" rotations which avoids orthogonal decomposition of complex matrices. The result of simulation experiment show that using this method can indicate the result of stator resistance and its time frequency, and this effectively improve the low-speed performance of the direct torque control system. |
110751681 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-13T13:10:38.757Z | 2001-09-18T00:00:00.000Z | Comparison of noise properties of various microwave active filters
In this paper, five topologies of microwave active filters (MAFs) are studied. We have considered MAFs proposed earlier in the class of filters with compensation for loss. First we have investigated theoretically the noise properties of various approaches to compensate for losses in microwave resonators. Then five third order microstrip active filters were simulated to validate a choice of the best configuration. It was shown that the use of negative resistance with minimized noise measure gives a reduced noise figure under the same conditions. |
237839231 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-09-28T01:08:57.756Z | 2021-07-14T00:00:00.000Z | Pre-habilitation for patients awaiting total knee replacement in the United Kingdom National Health Service: A review of publicly facing information
INTRODUCTION: Approximately 14,000 –21,500 individuals per year are dissatisfied with the outcome of their Total Knee Replacement (TKR) in the UK National Health Service (NHS). National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines recommend that future research should evaluate whether a ‘full programme of pre-habilitation’ can improve outcomes for patients awaiting TKR. The aim of this review was to describe current pre-habilitation practice for patients awaiting TKR in the UK NHS, to inform future research. METHODS: Two reviewers independently undertook electronic searches for publicly available information sheets (PIS) from websites of UK NHS Trusts that included detail about pre-habilitation for patients awaiting TKR. One reviewer extracted data, and a second reviewer verified this. RESULTS: Fifty PIS, nine information videos and one web page from 59 NHS Trusts were identified. NHS Trusts most commonly provide patients with advice on pre-operative rehabilitation via a single appointment, combined with a PIS (36/59; 61.0%). NHS Trusts use appointments, PIS and video to provide patients awaiting TKR with information regarding pain control (46/58; 79.3%), exercise therapy (46/58; 79.3%), what to expect on the day of surgery and in-patient stay (58/58; 100%), lifestyle interventions (27/58; 46.6%), and adverse events (44/58; 75.9%). CONCLUSION: NHS Trusts commonly provided patients awaiting TKR with ‘advice on pre-operative rehabilitation’, however no NHS Trust provided a comprehensive programme of pre-habilitation. The results of this study will inform the development of a comprehensive, multi-modal pre-habilitation programme, to be tested in a future high-quality randomised controlled trial. |
45064231 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T05:56:35.739Z | 2015-08-10T00:00:00.000Z | Charge Transfer and Orbital Reconstruction in Strain-Engineered (La,Sr)MnO3/LaNiO3 Heterostructures.
We investigate charge transfer, orbital reconstruction, and the emergence of exchange bias in (La,Sr)MnO3/LaNiO3 heterostructures. We demonstrate that charge transfer from Mn(3+) ions to Ni(3+) ions is accompanied by the formation of hybridized Mn/Ni 3z(2) - r(2) orbits at the interface, instead of strain-stabilized Mn and Ni x(2) - y(2) orbits in the bulk films. In the heterostructures with ultrathin LaNiO3, orbital reconstruction induced by charge transfer results in magnetization frustration of (La,Sr)MnO3 at the interface. But the strain effect exerted by the growth of the LaNiO3 top layer plays a dominant role on orbital reconstruction in the heterostructures with thick LaNiO3, stabilizing 3z(2) - r(2) orbits. In this case, robust spin glass, associated with larger magnetization frustration, accounts for the exchange bias effect. Our work builds a bridge between the microscopic electronic structure and the macroscopic magnetic property, providing the possibility of manipulating the exotic states with the aid of strain engineering in oxide-based electronics. |
108882531 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-12T13:58:12.470Z | 2011-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | Numerical Analysis for the Multi-Point Stretch Forming Process of Aircraft Skin Panel
Multi-point stretch forming (MPSF) is a new technique to form aircraft outer skin panel. Since multi-point die is composed by the discrete punches, the result of the MPSF aircraft outer skin panel need to study in depth. The thickness of elastic cushion and free length are two important factors to affect the accuracy, and they must be chosen reasonably. A series of numerical simulations on typical MPSF processes were carried out to an aircraft outer skin panel part. The results show that the thicker the elastic cushion is, the more valid the dimple will be suppressed .The longer free length is, the smaller the equivalent strain and thinning and more uniform the distribution of thickness will be. When the free length is shorter, the degree of effect is relatively obvious on the equivalent strain and thinning and the distribution of thickness; when the free length is longer than a certain value, the degree of effect is small. |
137098281 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-28T13:10:39.569Z | 1991-09-01T00:00:00.000Z | Molecular beam epitaxy of CdTe and HgCdTe on large-area Si(100)
The current status of molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) of CdTe and HgCdTe on Si(100) is reviewed. CdTe and HgCdTe grow in the (111)B orientation on Si(100); monocrystalline films with two domains are obtained on most nominal Si(100) substrates, single domain films are grown on misoriented substrates and on nominal Si(100) preheated to 900-950 degree(s)C. Double-crystal x-ray rocking curves (DCRCs) with full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) as low as 110 arcsec are reported for HgCdTe on silicon; these layers are n-type, and electron mobilities higher than 5 X 104 cm2V-2s-1 are measured at 23 K for x equals 0.26. Excellent thickness and composition uniformity is obtained: standard deviation of the CdTe thickness 0.4% of the average thickness on 2-in. and 2.3% on 5-in., standard deviation of the Cd concentration in the HgCdTe layers 0.6% of the average concentration on 3-in. and 2.4% on 5-in. First results regarding growth of CdTe on patterned Si substrates are also reported. |
42582431 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T05:21:58.827Z | 2005-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | [Headache occurrence and assessment of regional blood flow after brain concussion in children].
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Headaches which can last for many months and even years belong to the most frequent consequences of closed head injuries in children. The method which makes it possible to demonstrate the presence and extent of the nervous tissue damage caused by trauma is the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) evaluation with single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT). In the present study the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was assessed 10-15 days after trauma, 3 months and one year in cases of brain concussion. We tried to establish whether there was a correlation between changes in rCBF and the occurrence of posttraumatic headache.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
SPECT was applied in 32 children, aged 6-16, 10-15 days, and then 3 and 12 months after brain concussion. In all children no changes were found in CT and MRI examinations.
RESULTS
In the studied group in the early period after trauma, blood flow impairment was found in 21 children, mostly in frontal areas. One year after trauma the rCBF improved in 11 children, in 10 cases the pattern was normal. In a group of 4 children with headache one year after brain concussion, three of them still presented the impairment of blood flow.
CONCLUSIONS
SPECT shows a great sensitivity and usefulness in the assessment of consequences of head trauma and it can explain some posttraumatic complaints in children. |
239000731 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-06-03T09:37:04.559Z | 2014-12-21T00:00:00.000Z | An Axiomatic Definition of Risk Aversion with Application to Saving Behavior
The classic, Arrow-Pratt, definition of risk aversion is based on a univariate utility function, with money as its underlying scale. We (re)examine the issue of extending the theory to the multi-variate/inter-temporal settings, with the goal of resolving open questions regarding saving behavior under uncertainty. We start by introducing an axiomatic definition of risk aversion, based on the decisions maker's preference order alone, independent of any numerical scale. We then show that this axiomatic definition coincides with the classic concavity-based definition, once an appropriate scale is used. Importantly, this scale applies to general multi-variate/multi-period preferences, over arbitrary goods - monetary or not. This enables a natural extension of the theory of risk aversion to the inter-temporal setting. This, in turn, allows us to resolve the following basic question, left open in previous works: under what conditions do saving levels increase with income? Additional applications of the theory are also discussed. |
11485581 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-02-13T22:43:01.797Z | 2010-12-30T00:00:00.000Z | Improvement of Distance Measurement Algorithm on Stereo Vision System(SVS)
This study suggests a method to measure the distance to an object using a stereo vision system(SVS) by emulating human vision system. Distance measurement methods of previous studies have the downside that the distance can be measured only if an object is located between the optical axes in the overlapping area of stereo cameras. Thus, this study suggests a method to measure the distance when an object is located outside the optical axes in the overlapping area of the two cameras. Simulations were conducted to test the distance measurement method suggested in this study. The simulations proved the accuracy of the suggested distance measurement method. |
3593781 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T04:45:00.319Z | 2018-02-26T00:00:00.000Z | Pediatric melanoma update.
Pediatric melanoma is a rare disease that affects approximately 6 out of every one million children and accounts for 1-4% of all melanomas. This article reviews the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of pediatric melanoma - with particular attention to recent updates in the literature. While awareness of melanoma increases among the general population, recent data suggest stable and even declining incidence rates among certain pediatric populations. Studies have examined clinical features and presentations of melanoma among the pediatric population and the conventional ABCDE criteria (asymmetrical shape, border, color, diameter, evolving lesion) used to diagnosis adult melanoma may not be entirely appropriate for pediatric melanoma; as such, additional pediatric-ABCD and CUP criteria (color changing, ulceration, pyogenic granuloma-like lesions) have been proposed. Dermoscopy serves as a valuable tool to detect suggestive patterns among pediatric skin lesions, and aids in the monitoring of skin lesions and detection of melanoma among children and adolescents. The etiology and pathogenesis of the pediatric melanoma is currently being investigated; studies have examined the genetic alterations that may be involved with the development of pediatric melanomas including TERT promoter, BRAF, and NRAS among others. While genetic testing using molecular techniques such as comparative genomic hybridization and fluorescence in-situ hybridization is helpful for diagnosis in certain contexts, molecular workup is not considered standard of care among pediatric melanoma cases, and in fact has not been proven to reliably distinguish between benign and malignant spitzoid tumors in children. Our growing understanding of melanoma has informed treatment decisions regarding management of positive sentinel lymph nodes, use of adjuvant therapy, and use of immunotherapy in treatment plans. |
3932431 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T05:38:01.464Z | 2018-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Quality of life related to health of adolescents with dm1: an integrative review.
This study aimed to analyze the scientific literature on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. This is an integrative review whose inclusion criteria were full-text papers available online in Portuguese, English and Spanish; published and indexed in databases Lilacs, Medline, Adolec, BDENF, in the period 2003-2013 that reflected the theme HRQOL, Type 1 diabetes and adolescents. Twenty-two papers were analyzed, from which the following themes were retrieved: development and validation of tools to measure the HRQOL of diabetic adolescents; HRQOL of adolescents with diabetes; factors affecting the quality of life of adolescents with diabetes and resources used to assist adolescents in diabetes management. The HRQOL of adolescents with diabetes has been a widely studied and disseminated topic in international literature, but has poorly echoed in Brazil. Studies published in international journals in English predominated. Thus, we emphasize the importance of conducting research of this nature in Brazil, since the measurement of HRQOL of diabetic adolescents may help the multidisciplinary team in care planning. |
31728381 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-02-10T02:44:11.648Z | 1999-06-27T00:00:00.000Z | Pulsed current threshold of Multilam/sup TM/
The Atlas pulsed-power facility presently in the design and construction phase at Los Alamos will be capable of delivering a damped sinusoidal current pulse with a peak current of 27-32 MA at 4 /spl mu/s. Multilam connections are used in several locations, primarily due to maintenance requirements of removable connections. Multilam is a commercially available strip of louvered material used to make electrical connections. The manufacturer provides a continuous current rating as well as a pulsed current rating for each type of Multilam available. However, the current pulse rating may not be appropriate if the application pulse width is different from the pulse width used to obtain the rating. LA0/0.25/55 AG Multilam from MultiContact(R) has been tested for damage threshold at currents in excess of the given pulse rating. The time to peak of the damped sinusoidal current pulse applied to the Multilam was 2.5 /spl mu/s, where the pulse rating is typically for pulses in the order of milliseconds. The observed damage threshold for this Multilam with a /spl sim/7 /spl mu/s applied current pulse is found to be 150% of the reported rating. |
6340631 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2016-04-07T00:00:00.000Z | 2014-07-27T00:00:00.000Z | Facial fattening and slimming simulation considering skull structure
classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the Owner/Author. SIGGRAPH 2014, August 10 – 14, 2014, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. 2014 Copyright held by the Owner/Author. ACM 978-1-4503-2958-3/14/08 Facial Fattening and Slimming Simulation Considering Skull Structure |
70527081 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-03-07T14:07:08.878Z | 2015-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Assessment of Health Effects of Noise and Vibration Levels at Major Business Complexes and Markets in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria
This study was conducted to assess the level of Whole Body Vibration (WBV), Hand-Arm Vibration (HAV) and noise of generators used within some selected commercial areas in the city of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. A calibrated vibration meter and a sound level meter were employed in this study. Also, a semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used to elicit information on users’ perception of vibration, auditory and non-auditory health effects associated with exposure to vibration and noise, which was subjected to Chi-square test at 5% level of significance. The results of this study indicated that the maximum value of the vibration weighted root mean square (WRMS) is 6.131m/s2, while the minimum is 2.158 m/s2. The maximum value of HAV is 282.77 m/s2 while the minimum is 280.368 m/s2. Also, the maximum value of noise is 103.46 dBA, while the minimum is 89.45dBA. The obtained maximum value of WBV, HAV and noise level are higher than the recommended value. There was an association between the users’ responses and some health effects at a p-value below 0.05. Therefore, there is an indication that the use of generators in these areas exposes users to health risk. |
240998781 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-11-22T00:44:42.808Z | 2019-11-10T00:00:00.000Z | Development of Blended Learning Management to Improve 21st Century Learning Skills of Students in Computer and Educational Technology Program at Nakhon Sawan Rajabhat University
The objectives of this research are to enhance the capability of blended learning model used in Methodology in Teaching Computer course to develop 21st century learning skills, to compare students’ 21st Century learning skill score before and after attending the course, which was for third-year students in Computer Education Department, and to study the students’ level of satisfaction in the blended learning course. The Addie Model was used in this research. In this study, 30 third-year Computer Education students in the first semester of the academic year 2019 were selected as samples using the purposive sampling method. The tools used in this research were teaching management plan stating models and methods for managing science learning areas, 21st Century learning skill assessment for students and satisfaction survey for students attending the blended learning course. The statistical tools used were average, standard deviation and t-Test. The research of this result revealed that blended learning process consist of three stages, which were 1) introduction 2) teaching and 3) conclusion. The result of expert evaluation showed that the teaching management plan which employed blended learning approach was highly suitable (𝒙̅= 4.70). After attending the Methodology in Teaching Computer course which employed blended learning, the students’ 21st Century learning skills improved significantly at the 0.05 level. The students’ satisfaction in the blended learning activities was high. |
78342981 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-03-16T13:11:38.585Z | 2006-03-01T00:00:00.000Z | Book Reviews: Transplanting Human Tissue: Ethics, Policy, and Practice
Transplantation procedures for nonorgan tissues such as bones, ligaments, heart valves, and skin have evolved with much less regulation, policy, and oversight when compared to the public debates over solid organs for transplantation. These controversial issues are discussed in Transplanting Human Tissue, an examination of a previously unexplored industry. Tissue banks have multiplied since the 1980s, and the processing techniques developed since the 1990s have made the tissue industry a lucrative business and, in some cases, a publicly traded enterprise. The ethical and organizational problems and questions raised in the text make it both clinically and economically relevant. The authors provide the reader with an impartial perspective of the pros and cons of various aspects of the industry. First, a thorough history of the tissue industry is provided, explaining in detail the scientific, economic, and organizational developments that have contributed to its current structure and functioning. The differences between the organ and tissue industries are illuminated, as well as the various applications of different types of tissues and the methods of processing those tissues into a wide array of final forms. In terms of ethics, the main question raised is that of for-profit organizations and the commodification of organs and tissues. Roles of the donor, physician, and tissue processing and distribution organizations are discussed; donor altruism and the nature of the gift are contrasted with profits made by tissue banks. As the business of tissue transplantation takes off and in some sense loses its focus on medical need, the issue of cosmetic versus need-based uses for tissue becomes an ethical problem. Although the authors press the ethical propriety of the “stewardship” role for the tissue industry, all sides of the matter are equitably discussed. The policy implications of these ethical questions are both specific (deciding what hospital policy should include on an individual basis) and general (applying to the tissue industry as a whole). The overarching point emphasized by the authors in the arena of policy, however, concerns the need for consolidation of the industry, the necessity for a central regulatory body and universal decisions regarding other concerns raised in the text. Book Reviews |
20594211 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T05:34:09.603Z | 1972-02-01T00:00:00.000Z | [Metal foreign body in uterine cavity].
The case of a 38-year old patient is examined, who had inserted a metal object (ballpoint pen mounting) into her uterine cavity. The patient had experienced very irregular (every 30-40 days) and abnormally light menstruation lasting 5-6 days from her very 1st menstruation at the age of 17. Upon realising the abnormal state of her menstruation, the patient inserted the metal object into the cavity with the intent of widening the opening. The object was removed by physicians after dialation of the cervical canal.
|
251503061 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-08-12T15:21:38.883Z | 2022-11-25T00:00:00.000Z | Variations of the urban PM2.5 chemical components and corresponding light extinction for three heating seasons in the Guanzhong Plain, China.
In order to investigate the variations of PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm) chemical components responding to the pollution control strategy and their effect on light extinction (bext) in the Guanzhong Plain (GZP), the comparisons of urban atmospheric chemical components during the heating seasons were extensively conducted for three years. The average concentration of PM2.5 decreased significantly from 117.9 ± 57.3 μg m-3 in the heating season 1 (HS1) to 53.5 ± 31.3 μg m-3 in the heating season 3 (HS3), which implied that the effective strategies were implemented in recent years. The greatest contribution to PM2.5 (∼30%) was from Organic matter (OM). The heightened contributions of the secondary inorganic ions (SNA, including NO3-, SO42-, and NH4+) to PM2.5 were observed with the values of 34% (HS1), 41% (HS2), and 42% (HS3), respectively. The increased percentages of NO3- contributions indicated that the emission of NOx should be received special attention in the GZP. The comparison of PM2.5 chemical compositions and implications across major regions of China and the globe were investigated. NH4NO3 was the most important contributor to bext in three heating seasons. The average bext was decreased from 694.3 ± 399.1 Mm-1 (HS1) to 359.3 ± 202.3 Mm-1 (HS3). PM2.5 had a threshold concentration of 75 μg m-3, 64 μg m-3, and 57 μg m-3 corresponding to the visual range (VR) < 10 km in HS1, HS2, and HS3, respectively. The enhanced impacts of the oxidant on PM2.5 and O3 were observed based on the long-term variations in PM2.5 and OX (Oxidant, the sum of O3 and NO2 mixing ratios) over the five heating seasons and PM2.5 and O3 over six summers from 2016 to 2021. The importance of coordinated control of PM2.5 and O3 was also investigated in the GZP. |
232042411 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-02-25T14:27:46.763Z | 2021-03-15T00:00:00.000Z | 3D-Printed Tilt Sensor Based on an Embedded Two-Mode Fiber Interferometer
A 3D-printed tilt fiber sensor using a two-mode fiber interferometer (TMFI) as the sensing mechanism has been demonstrated. The TMFI was constructed by splicing single-mode fibers (SMF-28s) at both ends of a two-mode fiber (TMF) to generate a comb-like interference spectrum that is sensitive to bending. A 3D-printed cantilever with a weight attached to one end was used to induce bending as the structure was tilted and by embedding the TMFI onto the 3D printed cantilever, different tilt angles can be measured, as a result of the bending of the fiber. The TMFI exhibited a linear response towards the tilt angles, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\theta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, with a responsivity of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1\times 10^{-2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> nm/deg at negative <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\theta$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (0 to −90°) and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$5 \times 10^{-3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> nm/deg at positive <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\theta$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (0 to 90°), respectively. The sensor was able to detect small angle changes in increments as small as 1° and it performs better than embedded FBG sensors. The tilt sensor proposed has a small formfactor and simple design, as well as being cost-effective and light-weight, thus showing significant potential for a variety of civil engineering applications. |
97826261 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-06T13:07:35.120Z | 2005-09-01T00:00:00.000Z | Theoretical Study on Microwave Freeze-Drying of an Aqueous Pharmaceutical Excipient with the Aid of Dielectric Material
Abstract A mathematic model of simultaneous heat and mass transfer for the dielectric material assisted microwave freeze-drying was derived and solved numerically using the finite-deference technique with two moving boundaries. Lactose, a typical pharmaceutical excipient, was used as the representative solid material in the aqueous solution to be freeze-dried. Silicon carbide (SiC) was selected as the dielectric material. Numerical results show that the dielectric material can significantly enhance the microwave freeze-drying process. Under typical operating conditions, the drying time is 43% shorter than that of ordinary microwave freeze-drying. Temperature variations at sublimation fronts were examined in order to determine the appropriate microwave power input. Profiles of temperature, ice saturation, vapor concentration, and pressure during freeze-drying are presented, and rate-controlling mechanisms are discussed. |
177280461 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-06-10T13:21:48.717Z | 2014-03-22T00:00:00.000Z | Does America Need a Left?: An Introduction
The American Left is sprawling and diffuse, comprising thousands of social justice and environmental groups, labor unions, and radical media sites. It knows what it opposes, but it rarely articulates a shared vision of the world we want. Contributors to this special section debate the Left’s relation to liberalism, the historical gains and failures of the U.S. Left, and the ecological catastrophe ahead. Don’t miss the web-only articles on this topic: visit tikkun.org /left2014. And visit tikkun.org/covenant for Tikkun’s vision of a political approach that speaks to the heart. |
21286311 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T04:24:33.359Z | 1990-08-01T00:00:00.000Z | Stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis by hyperoxia in perinatal rat lung cells.
Prostaglandins (PGs) have been implicated in the development of pulmonary oxygen toxicity. We tested the hypothesis that hyperoxia modulates PG synthesis in a differentiation-arrested primary lung cell culture model in the rat at three developmental ages: day-20 gestation (term = 22 days), days 1 and 3 after birth. The time courses of the response to hyperoxia were defined in preconfluent lung cells as well as in growth-arrested, confluent cells. From days 4-8 after plating in growth medium containing 10% carbonstripped fetal bovine serum, exposure to 95% O2, in contrast to 1% O2, inhibited cell proliferation but significantly enhanced the production of PGI2 and, to a lesser extent, PGE2 at all three ages. The capacity to metabolize exogenous arachidonic acid (AA) to PGI2 was also increased two-to threefold (P less than 0.01). Cellular release of lactate dehydrogenase, a measure of O2 toxicity, remained unchanged during exposure to 1% O2 but increased fivefold between 48 and 96 h after exposure to hyperoxia (from 2% total to 10.5%, P less than 0.01). In confluent, growtharrested cells, under serum-free conditions, exposure to hyperoxia for 24-48 h resulted in a similar induction of PG synthesis. Our results suggest that hyperoxia stimulates PG synthesis in the perinatal rat lung and that this effect is independent of cell growth or the presence of serum. We speculate that this hyperoxia-induced PG synthesis is a relatively early response to oxidant stress and may serve as an useful early marker for O2 toxicity in perinatal lung cells. |
205189511 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T04:42:48.758Z | 2013-12-05T00:00:00.000Z | Mobile phone messaging reminders for attendance at healthcare appointments.
BACKGROUND
This review is an update of the original Cochrane review published in July 2012. Missed appointments are a major cause of inefficiency in healthcare delivery with substantial monetary costs for the health system, leading to delays in diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Patients' forgetfulness is one of the main reasons for missed appointments. Patient reminders may help reduce missed appointments. Modes of communicating reminders for appointments to patients include face-to-face communication, postal messages, calls to landlines or mobile phones, and mobile phone messaging. Mobile phone messaging applications, such as Short Message Service (SMS) and Multimedia Message Service (MMS), could provide an important, inexpensive delivery medium for reminders for healthcare appointments.
OBJECTIVES
To update our review assessing the effects of mobile phone messaging reminders for attendance at healthcare appointments. Secondary objectives include assessment of costs; health outcomes; patients' and healthcare providers' evaluation of the intervention and perceptions of safety; and possible harms and adverse effects associated with the intervention.
SEARCH METHODS
Original searches were run in June 2009. For this update, we searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL,The Cochrane Library 2012, Issue 8), MEDLINE (OvidSP) (January 1993 to August 2012), EMBASE (OvidSP) (January 1993 to August 2012), PsycINFO (OvidSP) (January 1993 to August 2012) and CINAHL (EbscoHOST) (January 1993 to August 2012). We also reviewed grey literature (including trial registers) and reference lists of articles.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing mobile phone messaging as reminders for healthcare appointments. We only included studies in which it was possible to assess effects of mobile phone messaging independent of other technologies or interventions.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors independently assessed all studies against the inclusion criteria, with any disagreements resolved by a third review author. Study design features, characteristics of target populations, interventions and controls, and results data were extracted by two review authors and confirmed by a third author. Two authors assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. As the intervention characteristics and outcome measures were similar across included studies, we conducted a meta-analysis to estimate an overall effect size.
MAIN RESULTS
We included eight randomised controlled trials involving 6615 participants. Four of these studies were newly identified during this update.We found moderate quality evidence from seven studies (5841 participants) that mobile text message reminders improved the rate of attendance at healthcare appointments compared to no reminders (risk ratio (RR) 1.14 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03 to 1.26)). There was also moderate quality evidence from three studies (2509 participants) that mobile text message reminders had a similar impact to phone call reminders (RR 0.99 (95% CI 0.95 to 1.02). Low quality evidence from one study (291 participants) suggests that mobile text message reminders combined with postal reminders improved the rate of attendance at healthcare appointments compared to postal reminders alone (RR 1.10 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.19)). Overall, the attendance to appointment rates were 67.8% for the no reminders group, 78.6% for the mobile phone messaging reminders group and 80.3% for the phone call reminders group. One study reported generally that there were no adverse effects during the study period; none of the studies reported in detail on specific adverse events such as loss of privacy, data misinterpretation, or message delivery failure. Two studies reported that the costs per text message per attendance were respectively 55% and 65% lower than costs per phone call reminder. The studies included in the review did not report on health outcomes or people's perceptions of safety related to receiving reminders by text message.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Low to moderate quality evidence included in this review shows that mobile phone text messaging reminders increase attendance at healthcare appointments compared to no reminders, or postal reminders.Text messaging reminders were similar to telephone reminders in terms of their effect on attendance rates, and cost less than telephone reminders. However, the included studies were heterogeneous and the quality of the evidence therein is low to moderate. Further, there is a lack of information about health effects, adverse effects and harms, user evaluation of the intervention and user perceptions of its safety. The current evidence therefore still remains insufficient to conclusively inform policy decisions.There is a need for more high-quality randomised trials of mobile phone messaging reminders, that measure not only patients' attendance rates, but also focus on the cost-effectiveness of these interventions. Health outcomes, patients' and healthcare providers' evaluation and perceptions of the safety of the interventions, potential harms, and adverse effects of mobile phone messaging reminders should be assessed. Studies should report message content and timing in relation to the appointment. |
120312311 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-18T13:13:14.916Z | 2011-12-01T00:00:00.000Z | Cellular Automata (CA) for Simulations of Complex Geothermal Reservoirs
The exploitation of geothermal power is a renewable energy source with great potential in future. But the exploration and development of deep geothermal energy is connected with high cost and risk. These require a reliable functionality of geological heat exchanger. However the geothermal reservoirs are really complicated as phenomena and concrete downhole data are not completely discovered at present. In order to simulate them, complex modelings combined with different time scale are necessary. Recently, the cellular automata (CA) method is being developed and widely used for solving many complex problems in different fields. Here we introduced CA method combined with Navier‐Stoke equation and heat transfer; the domains of reservoirs are initially discretized into many lattice cells. The different cell type and their physical properties (e.g. water cell, porous cell, etc.) are introduced. Thermodynamically correct computation and computing fluid flow in different formations are performed. The paper will give some computational results, showing the efficiency and accuracy of this method, in order to complete the phenomena of complex geothermal problem. (© 2011 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) |
21553511 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-02-14T05:13:19.580Z | 2011-12-01T00:00:00.000Z | Acoustical heritage for virtual tourism on mobile platform
Virtual environments have commonly been used for the dissemination, education and public awareness of cultural heritage. However, interactive virtual environments have yet to be fully utilised as a tool to promote acoustical heritage in virtual tourism using mobile device. This paper introduces a practical implementation of acoustical heritage on iPhone platform that allows the user to experience panoramic view of various heritage sites, accompanied by its background sounds of different frequencies and amplitudes. The 360-degree panoramic view consists of immersion in an artificial heritage sites where the visitors feel just as immersed as they usually feel in reality. On top of this, an emotive background ambience with clearly defined sound can provide a certain degree of information about the present heritage sites that are tailored for mobile device sound properties. This will permit the user to navigate the cultural values in virtual heritage and explore multiple hypothetical acoustical heritage of a heritage site on mobile device. |
206993861 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T03:45:43.647Z | 2009-04-15T00:00:00.000Z | Advanced oxidation kinetics of aqueous trialkyl phosphate flame retardants and plasticizers.
Trialkyl phosphate esters are a class of anthropogenic organics commonly found in surface waters of Europe and North America, due to their frequent application as flame retardants, plasticizers, and solvents. Four trialkyl phosphate esters were evaluated to determine second-order rates of reaction with ultraviolet- and ozone-generated *OH in water. Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP) was fastest to react with *OH (kOH,TBEP = 1.03 x 10(10) M(-1) s(-1)), followed sequentially by tributyl phosphate (TBP), tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), and tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP) (kOH,TBP = 6.40 x 10(9), kOH,TCEP = 5.60 x 10(8), and kOH,TCPP = 1.98 x 10(8) M(-1) s(-1)). A two-stage process was used to test the validity of the determined kOH for TBEP and the fastest reacting halogenated alkyl phosphate, TCEP. First, *OH oxidation of TCEP and TBEP, in competition with nitrobenzene was measured in ozonated hydrogen peroxide solutions. Applying multiple regression analysis, it was determined that the UV/H2O2 and O3/H2O2 data sets were statistically identical for each compound. The subsequent validated kOH were used to predict TCEP and TBEP photodegradation in neutral pH, model surface water after chemical oxidant addition and UV irradiation (up to 1000 mJ/cm2). The insignificant difference between the predicted TBEP and TCEP photodegradation and a best-fit of the first-order exponential decay function to the observed TBEP and TCEP concentrations with increasing UV fluence was further evidence of the validity of the determined kOH. TBEP oxidation rates were similar in the surface waters tested. Substantial TCEP oxidation in the model surface water required a significant increase in initial H2O2. |
3097861 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T03:23:36.995Z | 1987-05-01T00:00:00.000Z | [Intracavitary methylene blue dye in the diagnosis of dysplasias and tumors of the urinary bladder].
The in vivo staining of the mucosa of the bladder with methylene blue is a non-invasive, technically simple investigation not stressing for the patient by means of which it is possible to gain informations about place and extension of non-papillary plan-like growing carcinomas and severe dysplasias. Apart from this by this means a coarse estimation of the degree of malignity can be done, which in every case requires the cytologic and histopathologic control. Moreover, the already resected part of the tissue can be delimited well markedly from the parts not yet resected, since wound surfaces covered with inflammatory exudate, as they are found after the first resection, get a very intensive strong staining. The in vivo staining of the mucosa of the bladder is an essential supplementation of the formerly existing diagnostic methods in tumours of the urinary bladder. |
15390311 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 2010-09-24T00:00:00.000Z | The influence of leaf photosynthetic efficiency and stomatal closure on canopy carbon uptake and evapotranspiration – a model study in wheat and sugar beet
Abstract. In this study two crop species, winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), were monitored over the course of five days during the entire season. We investigated the link of the main physiological leaf-level mechanisms, stomatal conductance and efficiency of photosynthetic energy conversion on canopy transpiration and photosynthetic CO2 uptake. The physiological status of 900 leaves of different plants in a natural canopy was characterized on the leaf level using chlorophyll fluorescence. Gas exchange measurements were performed at leaves of 12 individual plants of each species. Eddy covariance flux measurements provided information on CO2, water and energy fluxes on the field scale. The diurnal pattern of stomatal resistance on the leaf level was especially for sugar beet similar to the canopy resistance, which indicates that stomatal resistance may have a large impact on the bulk canopy resistance. The diurnal changes in canopy resistance appeared to have less effect on the evapotranspiration, which was mainly dependent on the amount of incoming radiation. The similar diurnal pattern of water use efficiency on the leaf level and on the canopy level during the day, underline the influence of physiological mechanisms of leaves on the canopy. The greatest difference between water use efficiency on leaf and canopy occurred in the morning, mainly due to an increase of stomatal resistance. Limitation of CO2 uptake occurred in the afternoon when water vapor pressure deficit increased. Maxima of net ecosystem productivity corresponded to the highest values of photosynthetic capacity of single leaves, which occurred before solar noon. Within the course of a few hours, photosynthetic efficiency and stomatal resistance of leaves varied and these variations were the reason for diurnal variations in the carbon fluxes of the whole field. During the seasonal development, the leaf area index was the main factor driving carbon and water exchange, when both crops were still growing. During senescence of winter wheat these structural parameters did not account for changes in canopy fluxes and remaining high green leaf material of sugar beet did not present the reduction in canopy fluxes due to beginning dormancy. We thus hypothesize that the functional status of plants is also important to correctly predict carbon and water fluxes throughout the season. We propose to additionally include the physiological status of plants in carbon flux models in order to improve the quality of the simulation of diurnal patterns of carbon fluxes. |
6326611 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-02-20T09:17:28.244Z | 2007-01-22T00:00:00.000Z | Physical Modeling of Temperature Coefficient of Resistance for Single- and Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotube Interconnects
Equivalent circuit models are presented for the resistance of single- and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNs) that capture various electron-phonon scattering mechanisms as well as changes in the number of conduction channels as a function of temperature. For single- and few-wall nanotubes, the temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) is always positive and increases with length. It reaches 1/(T-200 K) for lengths much larger than the electron mean free path, where T is the temperature in kelvin. For MWCNs with large diameters (>20 nm), TCR varies from -1/T to +0.66/(T-200 K) as the length varies from zero to very large values |
8258061 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 1994-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Towards intelligent structures: active control of buckling
The buckling of compressively-loaded members is one of the most important factors limiting the overall strength and stability of a structure. I have developed novel techniques for using active control to wiggle a structural element in such a way that buckling is prevented. I present the results of analysis, simulation, and experimentation to show that buckling can be prevented through computer-controlled adjustment of dynamical behavior. |
25544961 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T02:21:19.854Z | 1994-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Airborne birch pollen antigens in different particle sizes
Two particle samplers for ambient air. situated together: a static size–selective bio–aerosol sampler (SSBAS) and a Burkard pollen and spore trap were compared in sampling intact birch pollen grains through one flowering period of Betula (a total of 44 days). The SSBAS trapped pollen grains three times more efficienily than the Burkard trap, but the variations in pollen counts were significantly correlated. In contrast, birch pollen antigenic activity and the pollen count in the Burkard samples were not closely correlated. The antigenic concentration was occasionally high both before and after the pollination period. There was a high birch pollen antigenic activity in particle size classes where intact pollen grains were absent, even on days when the pollen count was very low. Correspondingly, on days with high birch pollen counts in the air, pollen antigenic activity was on several occasions low. indicating that pollen grains were empty of antigenic material. The small particle size classes are especially important to allergic, patients because they are able to penetrate immediately into the alveoli and provoke asthmatic reactions. Therefore, aerobiological information systems based on pollen and spore counts should be supplemented with information concerning antigenic activities–in the air. |
17615611 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-04-13T10:48:01.004Z | 2011-08-15T00:00:00.000Z | Co-aggregate formation of CADASIL-mutant NOTCH3: a single-particle analysis.
CADASIL (cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy) is the most common monogenic cause of stroke and vascular dementia. Accumulation and deposition of the NOTCH3 (N3) extracellular domain in small blood vessels has been recognized as a central pathological feature of the disease. Recent experiments suggested enhanced formation of higher order multimers for mutant N3 compared with wild-type (WT). However, the mechanisms and consequences of N3 multimerization are still poorly understood, in part because of the lack of an appropriate in vitro aggregation assay. We therefore developed and validated a robust assay based on recombinant N3 fragments purified from cell culture supernatants. Using single-molecule analysis techniques such as scanning for intensely fluorescent targets and single-particle fluorescence resonance energy transfer, we show that spontaneous aggregation is limited to CADASIL-mutant N3, recapitulating a central aspect of CADASIL pathology in vitro. N3 aggregation requires no co-factor and is facilitated by sulfhydryl crosslinking. Although WT N3 does not exhibit multimerization itself, it can participate in aggregates of mutant N3. Furthermore, we demonstrate that thrombospondin-2, a known interaction partner of N3, co-aggregates with mutant N3. Sequestration of WT N3 and other proteins into aggregates represents a potentially important disease mechanism. These findings in combination with a new assay for single-molecule aggregation analysis provide novel opportunities for the development of therapeutic strategies. |
28529061 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T01:12:54.915Z | 2007-11-01T00:00:00.000Z | Avian Flu: Pandemic Preparedness
Pandemic influenza is unpredictable, and the risk of an avian flu outbreak is unclear. It is critical that home health providers, who may become overburdened quickly in the event of a pandemic outbreak, be prepared to ensure a sustainable healthcare response. This article offers information on strategies that may be used by home health providers to prepare for, prevent, and manage pandemic influenza. |
206817461 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T01:35:08.878Z | 2002-11-07T00:00:00.000Z | Design of a Dynamic SMIL player
Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL) 2.0 has a support for user interactions with its declarative event timing and temporal hyperlinking model. However, complex Web applications require more control over multimedia presentations. This is achieved with a support for a scripting language. The result is Dynamic SMIL, a combination of SMIL and a scripting language. We present the design and implementation of a player for Dynamic SMIL. It consists of a SMIL 2.0 player and a facility to run scripts with the help of XML Events. The SMIL player is also integrated into an XML browser, X-Smiles, thus enabling playing SMIL with XForms, XSL FO, SVG, and XHTML. |
206551311 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-01-23T22:48:01.515Z | 2020-09-01T00:00:00.000Z | Message from the General Chairs
It gives us great pleasure to welcome you to the 1996 International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI Systems held in Boston, MA. This symposium is a successor to the Design for Yield Workshop (Oxford, UK) and the Workshops on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI Systems in 1988 (Springfield, MA), 1989 (Tampa, FL), 1990 (Grenoble, France), 1991 (Hidden Valley, PA), 1992 (Dallas, TX), 1993 (Venice, Italy), 1994 (Montreal, Canada), and 1995 (Lafayette, LA). This annual meeting has already established itself as the major international forum for researchers and practitioners from industry and academia to discuss state-of-the-art techniques for defect and fault tolerance at the integrated circuit level. |
3967911 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T06:25:32.324Z | 2017-05-11T00:00:00.000Z | Prodromal Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Prodromal Alzheimer's Disease: A Comparison of the Cognitive and Clinical Profiles.
BACKGROUND
Dementia must be diagnosed accurately and early in the disease course to allow pathology-specific treatments to be effective. Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is often misdiagnosed as Alzheimer's disease (AD), especially at the prodromal stage.
OBJECTIVE
To compare the clinical and neuropsychological profiles of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) patients who, at follow-up, progressed to AD (retrospectively AD-MCI) or DLB (retrospectively DLB-MCI) or remained MCI.
METHODS
This longitudinal study used an unselected sample from a memory clinic database. A total of 1,848 new patients were seen at the memory clinic between 1994-2015. Of these, 560 patients (30%) had an initial diagnosis of MCI and were considered for the study. Inclusion criteria were patients who had a diagnosis of MCI at initial assessment and a minimum of 12 months' follow-up.
RESULTS
Of the 429 MCI patients with follow-up data, 164 (38%) remained MCI, 107 (25%) progressed to AD, and 21 (5%) progressed to DLB. The remainder progressed to alternative diagnoses. At baseline, DLB-MCI patients performed significantly worse on visuospatial function and letter fluency tests than both AD-MCI and stable-MCI groups, and better on episodic memory tests than the AD-MCI group. At baseline, DLB-MCI patients had a significantly higher mean UPDRS score and were more likely to have REM sleep behavior disorder and fluctuating cognition.
CONCLUSION
DLB-MCI patients have a specific cognitive and neuropsychiatric profile which should alert clinicians to the possibility of prodromal DLB. This is relevant when considered in the context of early disease-specific therapy. |
43905061 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T05:42:00.284Z | 1976-07-01T00:00:00.000Z | EFFECTS OF SIX FASCIOLICIDES AGAINST Fascioloides magna IN WHITE-TAILED DEER
Thirty-three white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) of various ages, both sexes, and in good physical condition were captured for anthelmintic evaluation of six compounds against the large American liver fluke, Fascioloides magna. Based on fluke mortality, hexachlorophene administered at the rate of 12 to 26 mg/kg of body weight was lethal to 5 of 10 mature flukes in seven deer. Nitroxynil at 11 to 24 mg/kg inhibited egg production, but did not kill mature flukes in eight deer. Rafoxanide at 12 to 25 mg/kg killed 6 of 8 (75%) immature flukes in eight deer, but was not effective against 17 mature flukes. Clioxanide at 16 to 38 mg/kg, diamphenethide at 255 to 280 mg/kg, and hexachloroethane at 463 to 629 mg/kg were not effective against F. magna in four, two and four deer, respectively. There was no indication that treatment with fasciolicides at the higher dose rates was more efficacious than at the lower dose rates. Detection of fluke eggs in the feces was a reliable method for diagnosing the presence of mature F. magna in deer prior to treatment, but was not reliable for measuring fasciolicidal activity of all compounds tested. |
207957811 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-11-14T14:09:38.869Z | 2019-09-01T00:00:00.000Z | Limago: An FPGA-Based Open-Source 100 GbE TCP/IP Stack
The realization that the network is becoming an important bottleneck in computing clusters and in the cloud has led in the past years to an increase scrutiny of how networking functionality is deployed. From TCP Offload Engines (TOEs) to Software Defined Networking (SDN), including Smart NICs and In-Network Data Processing, a wide range of approaches are currently being explored to increase the efficiency of networks and tailor its functionality to the actual needs of the application at hand. To address the need for an open and customizable networking stack, in this paper we introduce Limago, an FPGA-based open-source implementation of a TCP/IP stack operating at 100 Gbit/s. To our knowledge, Limago provides the first complete description of an FPGA-based TCP/IP stack at these speeds, thereby illustrating the bottlenecks that must be addressed, proposing several innovative designs to reach the necessary throughput, and showing how to incorporate advanced protocol features into the design. As an example, Limago supports the TCP Window Scale option, addressing the Long Fat Pipe issue. Limago not only enables 100 Gbit/s Ethernet links in an open source package, but also paves the way to programmable and fully customizable NICs based on FPGAs. |
167951261 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-29T13:12:10.924Z | 2000-09-01T00:00:00.000Z | Effect of Financial Constraints on Student Affairs Services
This study reviews the effects of university financial constraints on student affairs services from 1992 to 1997. Senior student affairs officers at 4-year, state-assisted institutions of higher education that were NASPA members with undergraduate enrollments between 5,000 to 11,000 were surveyed. Additionally, productivity strategies used by senior student affairs officers were identified. A questionnaire was developed to solicit information on the effect financial constraints had on student affairs in the areas of service changes, funding shifts, and perceived program quality. |
15296011 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 2007-06-24T00:00:00.000Z | Analysis and Computation of the Outage Probability of Discrete-Input Block-Fading Channels
In this paper, we propose a tight lower bound to the outage probability of Nakagami-m block-fading channels. The approach permits an efficient method for numerical evaluation of the bound, providing an additional tool for system design. The optimal rate-diversity trade-off for the Nakagami-m block-fading channel is also derived and a tight upper bound is obtained for the optimal coding gain constant. |
144585861 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-05T13:05:25.978Z | 2009-03-13T00:00:00.000Z | Ending With Options
No matter what has come before, if the ending of the analytic relationship is not managed sensitively, much good may be undone. Analytic endings are emotionally challenging for analysts as well as patients. What was missing from the classical approach, at least as interpreted by Freud's American disciples, was appreciation of the personal relationship (Flank, 2006). In a relational view, the ending must be considered uniquely and mutually negotiated as part of a relationship that is both technical and personal. Accordingly, both permanent separation and separation with possible return are seen as just two of many possibilities for ending that the pair may co-create. Other options must also be considered. |
97812711 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-06T13:02:32.714Z | 2011-03-22T00:00:00.000Z | Measurement of the Water-Diffusion Coefficient, Apparent Density Changes and Shrinkage During the Drying of Eggplant (Solanum Melongena)
The aim of this work was to estimate shrinkage, apparent density changes, and the effective diffusion coefficient of water, Deff , during eggplant drying. Drying experiments were performed using a halogen moisture analyzer. This technology has several advantages over the traditional methods reported in the literature, as it is quite inexpensive, requires less energy, and, in principle, can be used for many different types of foods. The experimental data were interpreted using a classical mathematical model that describes the transient mono-dimensional transport of water in food to estimate Deff . Under the experimental conditions examined, the Deff, was found to range from 1.13.10−10 to 5.65.10−10 m2/s. Shrinkage modelling revealed a non-linear dependence of food sample volume on the food's moisture content. In addition, while the apparent density of the food did not change appreciably during the first period of drying, a marked decrease was observed during the final drying period. |
45410461 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T06:01:38.452Z | 2013-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Does a higher frequency of difficult patient encounters lead to lower quality care?
BACKGROUND
Difficult patient encounters in the primary care office are frequent and are associated with physician burnout. However, their relationship to patient care outcomes is not known.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the effect of difficult encounters on patient health outcomes and the role of physician dissatisfaction and burnout as mediators of this effect.
DESIGN
A total of 422 physicians were sorted into 3 clusters based on perceived frequency of difficult patient encounters in their practices. Patient charts were audited to assess the quality of hypertension and diabetes management and preventive care based on national guidelines. Summary measures of quality and errors were compared among the 3 physician clusters.
RESULTS
Of the 1384 patients, 359 were cared for by high-cluster physicians (those who had a high frequency of difficult encounters), 871 by medium-cluster physicians, and 154 by low-cluster physicians. Dissatisfaction and burnout were higher among physicians reporting higher frequencies of difficult encounters. However, quality of patient care and management errors were similar across all 3 groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Physician perception of frequent difficult encounters was not associated with worse patient care quality or more medical errors. Future studies should investigate whether other patient outcomes, including acute care and patient satisfaction, are affected by difficult encounters. |
46772911 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-02-13T22:16:40.650Z | 2017-11-01T00:00:00.000Z | Multi-objective evolution of machine learning workflows
In this paper we describe a multi-objective genetic programming algorithm which can be used to create complete machine learning workflows. The algorithm is an extension of a single-objective one. In a series of test on four datasets, we show that the additional objectives can be used to search for smaller or faster models. The algorithm is also in some cases much faster than the single-objective one while obtaining results of similar quality. |
3354111 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T02:43:53.501Z | 2007-09-01T00:00:00.000Z | Diagnostic Value of the Thin-Layer, Liquid-Based Pap Test in Endometrial Cancer
OBJECTIVE
To examine the diagnostic value (sensitivity and specificity of the ThinPrep Pap test in the detection of endometrial cancer and assess the morphologic features of endometrial cancer in ThinPrep tests.
STUDY DESIGN
In a retrospective, case-controlled study, we identified 60 Pap slides performed within 12 months of the tissue diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma and 56 comparison slides from patients without known carcinoma. The slides were blindly reviewed by the authors without knowledge of the surgical diagnosis. An independent diagnosis was given for the tests based on 14 diagnostic criteria from the 2001 Bethesda System and 6 additional criteria proposed by the authors.
RESULTS
The sensitivity of detecting endometrial carcinoma was 88.3% (95% CI 77.8-94.2%) and specificity was 87.5% (95% CI 76.4-93.8%). The positive likelihood ratio was 7.067 (95% CI 3.513-14.217) and negative likelihood ratio was 0.133 (95% CI 0.066-0.269). Enlarged nuclei and the presence of nucleoli in endometrial cells were the most reliable indicators of endometrial cancer or atypical endometrial cells.
CONCLUSION
The ThinPrep Pap test has high sensitivity and specificity in detecting or suggesting the presence of endometrial cancer. Certain cytomorphologic features are helpful in distinguishing benign and malignant endometrial lesions. |
12265861 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-02-24T20:49:10.831Z | 2012-09-24T00:00:00.000Z | Computational intelligence based anomaly detection for Building Energy Management Systems
In the past several decades Building Energy Management Systems (BEMSs) have become vital components of most modern buildings. BEMSs utilize advanced microprocessor technology combined with extensive sensor data collection and communication to minimize energy consumption while maintaining high human comfort levels. When properly tuned and operated, BEMSs can provide significant energy savings. However, the complexity of the acquired sensory data and the overwhelming amount of presented information renders them difficult to adjust or even understand by responsible building managers. This inevitably results in suboptimal BEMS operation and performance. To address this issue, this paper reports on a research effort that utilizes Computational Intelligence techniques to fuse multiple heterogeneous sources of BEMS data and to extract relevant actionable information. This actionable information can then be easily understood and acted upon by responsible building managers. In particular, this paper describes the use of anomaly detection algorithms for improving the understandability of BEMS data and for increasing the state-awareness of building managers. The developed system utilizes modified nearest neighbor clustering algorithm and fuzzy logic rule extraction technique to automatically build a model of normal BEMS operations and detect possible anomalous behavior. In addition, linguistic summaries based on fuzzy set representation of the input values are generated for the detected anomalies which increase the understandability of the presented results. |
73291811 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-03-11T13:03:58.901Z | 2012-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | Factors contributing to rehabilitation outcomes following hip arthroplasty
Abstract Background: Hip arthroplasty (HA) is a common surgical procedure with estimated 230 000 procedures performed in the USA in 2008. Projections indicate that the number of procedures will increase to 572 000 by 2030, thus it is important for rehabilitation professionals involved in the care of these individuals to recognize factors that may influence outcomes a priori. Objectives: The objective of this manuscript is to review variables that influence patient outcomes following HA. All relevant literature will be reviewed for interpretation by the healthcare provider to design optimal plans of care and for determining an accurate patient prognosis. Major findings: Evidence suggests that age, gender, body mass index, depression, and smoking status may influence outcomes. Additionally, pre-operative functional ability, type of pain medication, and the use of a clinical pathway appear to influence post-operative outcomes. Further research is needed to determine the effect of specific interventions commonly employed in the rehabilitation setting. Conclusions: Evidence suggests that no one factor may determine an individual’s prognosis following HA. Rather, an individual’s ability to achieve outcomes must be viewed from a multifactorial perspective that takes into account both intrinsic and extrinsic variables. |
214694111 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-03-30T15:47:51.936Z | 2020-03-30T00:00:00.000Z | A sound abstract interpreter for dynamic code
Dynamic languages, such as JavaScript, employ string-to-code primitives to turn dynamically generated text into executable code at run-time. These features make standard static analysis extremely hard if not impossible because its essential data structures, i.e., the control-flow graph and the system of recursive equations associated with the program to analyze, are themselves dynamically mutating objects. Hence, the need to handle string-to-code statements approximating what they can execute, and therefore allowing the analysis to continue (even in presence of string-to-code statements) with an acceptable degree of precision. In order to reach this goal, we propose a static analysis allowing us to collect string values and allowing us to soundly over-approximate and analyze the code potentially executed by a string-to-code statement. |
11808661 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T00:28:28.513Z | 2004-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | Flavonoids of St. John's Wort reduce HPA axis function in the rat.
A common biological alteration in patients with major depression is the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, manifested as hypersecretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol. The hyperactivity of the HPA axis in depressed patients can be corrected during clinically effective therapy with standard antidepressant drugs such as imipramine, indicating that the HPA axis may be an important target for antidepressant action. We previously showed that a methanolic extract of St. John's Wort (SJW) and hypericin, one of its active constituents, both have delayed effects on the expression of genes that are involved in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis , whereas the phloroglucinol derivative hyperforin was inactive in the same model . Since flavonoids of SJW are also discussed as active constituents it was of interest to determine whether these compounds can modulate HPA axis function. Imipramine (15 mg/kg), hypericin (0.2 mg/kg), hyperoside (0.6 mg/kg), isoquercitrin (0.6 mg/kg) and miquelianin (0.6 mg/kg) given daily by gavage for two weeks significantly down-regulated circulating plasma levels of ACTH and corticosterone by 40 - 70 %. However, none of the compounds tested had an effect on plasma ACTH and corticosterone levels after chronic treatment (daily gavage for 8 weeks). Our data suggest that besides hypericin, flavonoids of SJW play an important role in the modulation of HPA axis function. Furthermore, the results support the hypothesis that flavonoids are involved in the antidepressant effects of SJW. |
206132761 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T03:46:33.797Z | 2013-05-10T00:00:00.000Z | Disruption of endothelial cell mitochondrial bioenergetics in lambs with increased pulmonary blood flow.
AIMS
The mitochondrial dysfunction in our lamb model of congenital heart disease with increased pulmonary blood flow (PBF) (Shunt) is associated with disrupted carnitine metabolism. Our recent studies have also shown that asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels are increased in Shunt lambs and ADMA increases the nitration of mitochondrial proteins in lamb pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAEC) in a nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-dependent manner. Thus, we determined whether there was a mechanistic link between endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), ADMA, and the disruption of carnitine homeostasis in PAEC.
RESULTS
Exposure of PAEC to ADMA induced the redistribution of eNOS to the mitochondria, resulting in an increase in carnitine acetyl transferase (CrAT) nitration and decreased CrAT activity. The resulting increase in acyl-carnitine levels resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction and the disruption of mitochondrial bioenergetics. Since the addition of L-arginine prevented these pathologic changes, we examined the effect of L-arginine supplementation on carnitine homeostasis, mitochondrial function, and nitric oxide (NO) signaling in Shunt lambs. We found that the treatment of Shunt lambs with L-arginine prevented the ADMA-mediated mitochondrial redistribution of eNOS, the nitration-mediated inhibition of CrAT, and maintained carnitine homeostasis. In turn, adenosine-5'-triphosphate levels and eNOS/heat shock protein 90 interactions were preserved, and this decreased NOS uncoupling and enhanced NO generation.
INNOVATION
Our data link alterations in cellular L-arginine metabolism with the disruption of mitochondrial bioenergetics and implicate altered carnitine homeostasis as a key player in this process.
CONCLUSION
L-arginine supplementation may be a useful therapy to prevent the mitochondrial dysfunction involved in the pulmonary vascular alterations secondary to increased PBF. |
230509461 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-01-05T14:27:19.574Z | 2020-09-01T00:00:00.000Z | Evaluation of magnesium sulfate as an adjuvant to bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia in ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block in patients scheduled for lower segment caesarean section under subarachnoid block – A prospective, randomized, double-blind study
Background and Aims: Various adjuvants such as magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), dexamethasone, and clonidine have been used in transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block to prolong the duration analgesia. MgSO4 is N-methyl D-aspartate receptor antagonist (NMDA) and presence of NMDA receptors in skin and muscle can prolong the duration of postoperative analgesia. We aimed to evaluate the effects of MgSO4 as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in ultrasound-guided (USG) TAP block for prolongation of duration of postoperative analgesia. Materials and Methods: Sixty pregnant patients of the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical Status I and II between age group of 18–35 years, scheduled for elective cesarean section under subarachnoid block were allocated randomly into two groups:- Group BM (bupivacaine + MgSO4) and Group B (bupivacaine + Normal saline). All patients received USG bilateral TAP block after caesarean section using either 25 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine and 0.3 ml (75 mg) of 25% injection MgSO4 or 25 ml of 0.25% Bupivacaine and 0.3 ml of normal saline on each side. All patients were evaluated for dynamic pain at 0, 30 min, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h, for postoperative analgesia and adverse effects. The normally and nonnormally distributed data were analyzed using unpaired t-test and Mann–Whitney U-test, respectively. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Duration of analgesia in Group BM (12.3 h. ±0.83666 h) and Group B (12.0333 h. ±1.24522 h) were comparable (P = 0.3348). The average pain scores at different time points did not differ significantly between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: MgSO4 as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in USG TAP block does not prolong duration of postoperative analgesia. |
44902511 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-02-18T06:27:34.363Z | 2009-05-25T00:00:00.000Z | Face recognition using Local Quaternion Patters and Weighted Spatially constrained Earth Mover's Distance
This paper presents a novel algorithm for face recognition. Local Quaternion Patters (LQP) is proposed for presenting the feature parts in the face. To keep the spatial feature of the face, an asymmetric similarity measure Weighted Spatially constrained Earth Mover's Distance (WSEMD) is studied for classification. In this step, the source image is partitioned into non overlapping local patches while the destination image is represented as a set of overlapping local patches at different positions and Gaussian Kernel is used. Finally, local and global weighting is applied to get a more accurate classifier. To evaluate the proposed method and its performance, three well-known and challenge face databases - ORL, Yale and FERET are used in our study. The experimental results show that the proposed method has higher accuracy than some other classic methods. |
236343961 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-07-27T00:05:26.557Z | 2021-05-27T00:00:00.000Z | On the Versatility of Bracha's Byzantine Reliable Broadcast Algorithm
G. Bracha presented in 1987 a simple and efficient reliable broadcast algorithm for [Formula: see text]-process asynchronous message-passing systems, which tolerates up to [Formula: see text] Byzantine processes. Following an idea recently introduced by Hirt, Kastrato and Liu-Zhang (OPODIS 2020), instead of considering the upper bound on the number of Byzantine processes [Formula: see text], the present short article considers two types of Byzantine behavior: the ones that can prevent the safety property from being satisfied, and the ones that can prevent the liveness property from being satisfied (a Byzantine process can exhibit only one or both types of failures). This Byzantine differentiated failure model is captured by two associated upper bounds denoted [Formula: see text] (for safety) and [Formula: see text] for liveness). The article shows that only the threshold values used in the predicates of Bracha’s algorithm must be modified to obtain an algorithm that works with this differentiated Byzantine failure model. |
125533811 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-22T13:04:30.594Z | 2017-05-01T00:00:00.000Z | Synthesis and characterization of transparent erbium–ytterbium co‐doped polymer nanocomposites for fabrication of polymer optical preform
Synthesis of polystyrene (PS) and poly (methylmethacrylate) (PMMA)‐grafted Er–Yb co‐doped transparent ternary nanocomposite is presented herein. Er–Yb co‐doped nanoparticles (NP) were synthesized from their nitrate precursors followed by surface modification using 3‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) as surfactant. In situ polymerization of methylmethacrylate (MMA) was performed in presence of benzoyl peroxide as initiator in toluene. The synthesized NP–PMMA composite was blended with PS in tetrahydrofuran (THF). Different material characterizations of synthesized composite were performed to evaluate shape, size and chemical nature of developed composite. UV–visible spectra and DLS technique revealed that optimum particle size in the range of <25 nm is essential to achieve optical transparency of developed composite. Refractive index of synthesized composite was also measured (RIcore > 1.5 at 589 nm) and indicate their potential application as active core material for preparation of rare earth doped polymer optical preform (POP). The POF preform prepared using commercially available cladding tube containing Er–Yb transparent polymer nanocomposites as core material is found to have numerical aperture around 0.19. The photoluminescence (PL) spectrum was also measured and intensity of Er–Yb co‐doped composite found to be ten times greater than pure Er‐doped system. |
17227961 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 2005-09-01T00:00:00.000Z | A strategy for finding relevant clusters; with an application to microarray data
Cluster analysis is a helpful tool for explorative analysis of large and complex data. Most clustering methods will, however, find clusters also in random data. An important aspect of cluster analysis is therefore to distinguish real and artificial clusters, as this will make interpretation of the clusters easier. In some cases, certain types of clusters are more interesting than others. When working with gene expression data, examples of such clusters are gene clusters with high between‐sample variability or clusters with a certain expression profile. Here we present a strategy with the ability to search for such clusters. The clustering is done sequentially. For each sequence, the data is separated into ‘interesting’ and ‘rest’ using the fuzzy c‐means algorithm with noise clustering. The interesting cluster is defined by adding a penalty function to the usual clustering criterion. The penalty function is constructed in such a way that clusters without the interesting properties are given a high penalty. The strategy is presented in a general frame, and can be adjusted by defining different criteria for each type of cluster that is of interest. The methodology is presented and demonstrated in the context of microarray gene expression analysis, using real and simulated data, but can be used for any type of data where cluster analysis may be a helpful tool. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
146135711 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-07T14:22:40.641Z | 2007-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Supervision in Clinical Practice
Context: Although psychotherapy supervision is accepted as acontinuing education activity by the RANZCP, and is recommendedin many Practice Guidelines, few mental health professionals-including psychiatrists-engage in such an activity.Objectives: To explain and clarify the role of psychotherapysupervision in enhancing continuing education and practice expertise.To further the appreciation of both the presence of and theeffects of psychodynamics in all interactions with patients, teamsand other mental health care providers. To encourage the acquisitionof further knowledge of psychodynamics and psychotherapiesby practitioners.Key messages: The role of supervision in clinical practice will behighlighted, as will overcoming barriers to obtaining supervision.As well, the different modalities of psychotherapy supervision aredescribed. Sexual orientation, race, and body peculiarities amongstother issues are often overlooked or unrecognized as affectingtreatment; supervision can elucidate these factors and thus improvetreatment. Individual, group or peer group supervision can bebeneficial, and experiences of each type of supervision and how toobtain them will be discussed. Becoming a supervisor is oftenresisted by individual psychiatrists, and discussion of the experiencesof supervisors both novice and long-term will clarify, andhopefully, affirm the process.Conclusion: Psychotherapy supervision is an invaluable aspect ofclinical practice and continuing education. It enhances knowledgeand treatment skills beyond what is learned in training, and thusalso assists in the avoidance of b. |
11693861 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 1998-05-15T00:00:00.000Z | Long-Distance Axonal Regeneration in the Transected Adult Rat Spinal Cord Is Promoted by Olfactory Ensheathing Glia Transplants
The lack of axonal regeneration in the injured adult mammalian spinal cord leads to permanent functional impairment. To induce axonal regeneration in the transected adult rat spinal cord, we have used the axonal growth-promoting properties of adult olfactory bulb ensheathing glia (EG). Schwann cell (SC)-filled guidance channels were grafted to bridge both cord stumps, and suspensions of pure (98%) Hoechst-labeled EG were stereotaxically injected into the midline of both stumps, 1 mm from the edges of the channel. In EG-transplanted animals, numerous neurofilament-, GAP-43-, anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-, and serotonin-immunoreactive fibers traversed the glial scars formed at both cord–graft interfaces. Supraspinal serotonergic axons crossed the transection gap through connective tissue bridges formed on the exterior of the channels, avoiding the channel interior. Strikingly, after crossing the distal glial scar, these fibers elongated in white and periaqueductal gray matter, reaching the farthest distance analyzed (1.5 cm). Tracer-labeled axons present in SC grafts were found to extend across the distal interface and up to 800 μm beyond in the distal cord. Long-distance regeneration (at least 2.5 cm) of injured ascending propriospinal axons was observed in the rostral spinal cord. Transplanted EG migrated longitudinally and laterally from the injection sites, reaching the farthest distance analyzed (1.5 cm). They moved through white matter tracts, gray matter, and glial scars, overcoming the inhibitory nature of the CNS environment, and invaded SC and connective tissue bridges and the dorsal and ventral roots adjacent to the transection site. Transplanted EG and regenerating axons were found in the same locations. Because EG seem to provide injured spinal axons with appropriate factors for long-distance elongation, these cells offer new possibilities for treatment of CNS conditions that require axonal regeneration. |
69927761 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-02-19T14:07:47.593Z | 2004-05-01T00:00:00.000Z | An image stitching method to eliminate the distortion of the sidewall in linewidth measurement
Nano-scale linewidth measurements are performed in semiconductor manufacturing, the data storage industry, and micro-mechanical engineering. It is well known that the interaction of probe and sample affects the measurement accuracy of linewidth measurements performed with atomic force microscopy (AFM). The emergent ultra-sharp carbon nanotube tips provide a new approach to minimizing the distortion of the measured profile caused by interaction with the finite probe tip. However, there is nearly always a significant tilt angle resulting when the nanotube is attached to an ordinary probe. As a result, we can obtain an accurate sidewall image of only one side of the linewidth sample rather than two sides. This somewhat reduces the advantage of using nanotube probes. To solve this problem, a dual image stitching method based on image registration is proposed in this article. After the first image is obtained, which provides an accurate profile of one side of the measured line, we rotate the sample 180° to obtain the second image, which provides an accurate profile of the other side of the line. We keep the sidewall data for the better side of each image and neglect the data taken for the other side of each image. Then, we combine these better two sides to yield a new image for which the linewidth can be calculated. |
12592861 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2015-12-31T08:38:17.981Z | 2001-01-18T00:00:00.000Z | Fault detection for wheeled mobile robots with parametric uncertainty
We develop a new method for wheeled mobile robot (WMR) fault detection. Specifically, we develop kinematic and dynamic models of the WMR in the presence of faults such as a change in the wheel radius (e.g., deformation, broken spoke, flat tire) or general kinematic disturbances that model slipping or skidding faults. Utilizing the WMR models, we employ a torque filtering technique to develop a prediction error based fault detection residual. The structure of the prediction error allows for fault detection despite parametric uncertainty in the WMR model. |
131755561 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-25T13:07:20.092Z | 1998-11-01T00:00:00.000Z | Pollution Abatement Investment When Environmental Regulation is Uncertain
In a dynamic model of a risk-neutral competitive firm which can lower its pollution emissions per unit of output by building up abatement capital stock, we examine the effect of a higher pollution tax rate on abatement investment both under full certainty and when the timing or the size of the tax increase is uncertain. We show that a higher pollution tax encourages abatement investment only if it does not exceed a certain threshold rate - a "Laffer-curve" phenomenon. When the size of the tax increase is uncertain, at the time of the tax increase the abatement investment path may shift upward or downward depending on whether the actual tax rate is higher or lower than the firm's expected rate. But, when the time of the tax increase is uncertain, the abatement investment path always jumps upward. Further, except in very special cases, there is no certainty-equivalent discount rate that the firm can use to optimally handle the timing uncertainty. We identify the direction of the abatement investment bias resulting from such an erroneous practice. We show that a credible threat to accelerate the tax increase can further boost the firm's abatement investment. |
49685711 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-07-16T23:43:50.036Z | 2018-07-01T00:00:00.000Z | Right heart catheterisation is still a fundamental part of the follow-up assessment of pulmonary arterial hypertension
For patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), the most recent European guidelines state that right heart catheterisation (RHC) is mandatory for confirming the diagnosis of PAH, and that RHC should be considered 3–6 months after therapy changes and in patients who experience clinical deterioration [1, 2]. The guidelines also mention that some centres perform RHC at regular intervals during follow-up [1, 2]. However, many centres across the world do not routinely monitor invasive haemodynamic variables during follow-up, for a variety of potential reasons including the invasive nature of the test, cost or availability. We argue that, based on current data, RHC is still an indispensable component of the clinical management and follow-up of PAH patients in the current treatment era. Right heart catheterisation is still a fundamental part of the follow-up assessment of pulmonary arterial hypertension http://ow.ly/BUUi30kbbM5 |
234783211 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-05-20T06:16:20.059Z | 2021-05-19T00:00:00.000Z | Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-coupling of Ethyl Chlorofluoroacetate with Aryl Bromides.
A combinatorial nickel-catalyzed monofluoroalkylation of aryl bromides with the industrial raw regent ethyl chlorofluoroacetate has been developed. The two key factors to successful conversion are the combination of nickel with readily available nitrogen and phosphine ligands and the using of a mixture of different solvents. Mechanistic investigations indicated a new zinc regent might generated in situ and be involved in the reaction process. |
182679861 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-06-07T23:03:39.890Z | 2019-02-28T00:00:00.000Z | A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Gender Differentiation in Yoruba Burial Rites
This paper focuses on socio-hermeneutic study of gender differentiation in Yoruba burial rites. There are many types of oral genres in Yoruba society. These genres have different functions for different occasion. In essence, Ìrèmọ̀jé eré ìṣípà ọdẹ (hunters funeral dirge) and ìsàà ró (women funeral dirge) are used during men and women funeral rites respectively in Yoruba land. Ogun deity is the founder of Ìrèmọ̀jé chant. Ogun was the first hunter with many adherents who were hunters too. Before the death of Ogun, he ordered his adherents to chant Ìrèmọ̀jé during his funeral rites. He also instructed them to do the same during the funeral rites of fellow great hunters, that is, the hunters that were succeeded by viable children. Ìrèmọ̀jé ìsipaọdẹ is specifically for men and not for women. Ìsàà ró is the final burial rite for the aged women in Yoruba land. This burial rite marks the exit of the aged women from this world to the world beyond. In essence, ìsàà ró is a traditional send-forth for the dead. This type of burial rite was popular in Yoruba land in those days but it was more popular among the Oyo-Yoruba than other Yoruba ethnic groups. Ìsàà ró burial rite is often performed by the Alágbaà (chief head of masquerade) from Ọ̀jẹ̀ family (family of masquerades). It is mandatory for the children of the dead to perform this final burial rite for their dead mother because if they fail to do it, things may not be moving well for either the dead in the world beyond or for the children she left behind in this world. The emergence of western civilization has made great changes both negatively and positively on the popularity of Ìrèmọ̀jé and Ìsàà ró burial rites respectively. This paper discovered that there is that of valuable documentation of Iremoje/Isipa (Hunting chants and funeral rites for Men) and Isaaro (The final funeral rites for Women) in spite of the existence of enormous works on Yoruba Verbal arts and oral literature. The implication of this finding reveal that if a study of this type is not promoted, Yoruba traditions and valuable oral renditions would be endangered. This could further prompt Yoruba journeys to extinction as many studies have shown that English dominance of Yoruba is changing the language attitude of Yoruba native speakers oral and written discusses. The Yoruba natives have flair for us of English than the use of Yoruba because of the inherent values of English in Nigeria and the world at large. This paper concludes that, despite the negative effect of western education and foreign religions in the foregoing, the technological advancement on Ìrèmọ̀jé and Ìsàà ró has shown that the future of both genres are bright as long as the Yoruba race exists. |
143064661 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-03T13:11:09.277Z | 2012-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Symbolic Representation in Police Traffic Stops
Bureaucratic representation is the idea that nonelected officials can address the interests of citizens as effectively as elected officials can. It has an active component and a passive component. The passive component is the concept that citizens are affected in a different way cognitively by a bureaucratic actor who resembles them than by one who does not. The chief difficulty in addressing the question of a symbolic effect has been a reliance on aggregate data. This study uses as its data supplemental surveys to the National Crime Victimization Survey called the Police-Public Contact Survey. A difference was found in how African American and White citizens react to police officers. |
36020461 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T03:02:02.000Z | 2009-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | [Advances in the study of regulation of novel organic cation transporter-2].
Novel organic cation transporter-2 (OCTN2), a member of the organic cation transporter family, may transport carnitine and multiple organic cationic drugs. Thus OCTN2 possesses substantial roles in physiology and pharmacology. A number of researches have proven that many factors can regulate the expression and/or function of OCTN2 via different pathways, and then may affect the homeostasis and disposition of drugs. This paper reviews recent progresses in this field. |
10180911 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T05:44:26.538Z | 2012-12-21T00:00:00.000Z | Nanoscale characterization and magnetic property of NiCoCu/Cu multilayer nanowires
NiCo/Cu multilayer nanowires have been successfully fabricated by a pulse electrodeposition technique using anodic aluminum oxide templates, and their chemistry, crystal structure and magnetic properties characterized at the nanoscale. It was found that each individual nanowire had a regular periodic structure. The NiCo/Cu nanowires also displayed a continuous morphology, smooth surface and polycrystalline fcc structure. EDX elemental mappings confirmed the presence of nickel, cobalt and copper, which appear clearly with a periodic distribution throughout the samples. Both the NiCo and Cu layers were polycrystalline and the average length of the interlayers between NiCo and Cu layers was approximately 3–4 nm. The NiCo/Cu nanowire arrays had an easy axis parallel to the length of wire and exhibited a curling magnetization reversal mechanism. This study highlights the basis morphological, structural and chemical information for NiCoCu/Cu multilayer nanowires, which is critical for their applications in nanodevices and nanoelectronics. |
34908761 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-05-24T21:14:14.097Z | 1998-06-01T00:00:00.000Z | Overexpression of myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate enhances activation of phospholipase D by protein kinase C in SK-N-MC human neuroblastoma cells.
Signal transduction can involve the activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and the subsequent phosphorylation of protein substrates, including myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS). Previously we showed that stimulation of phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) synthesis by PMA in SK-N-MC human neuroblastoma cells required overexpression of MARCKS, whereas PKCalpha alone was insufficient. We have now investigated the role of MARCKS in PMA-stimulated PtdCho hydrolysis by phospholipase D (PLD). Overexpression of MARCKS enhanced PLD activity 1.3-2.5-fold compared with vector controls in unstimulated cells, and 3-4-fold in cells stimulated with 100 nM PMA. PMA-stimulated PLD activity was blocked by the PKC inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide. Activation of PLD by PMA was linear with time to 60 min, whereas stimulation of PtdCho synthesis by PMA in clones overexpressing MARCKS was observed after a 15 min time lag, suggesting that the hydrolysis of PtdCho by PLD preceded synthesis. The formation of phosphatidylbutanol by PLD was greatest when PtdCho was the predominantly labelled phospholipid, indicating that PtdCho was the preferred, but not the only, phospholipid substrate for PLD. Cells overexpressing MARCKS had 2-fold higher levels of PKCalpha than in vector control cells analysed by Western blot analysis; levels of PKCbeta and PLD were similar in all clones. The loss of both MARCKS and PKCalpha expression at higher subcultures of the clones was paralleled by the loss of stimulation of PLD activity and PtdCho synthesis by PMA. Our results show that MARCKS is an essential link in the PKC-mediated activation of PtdCho-specific PLD in these cells and that the stimulation of PtdCho synthesis by PMA is a secondary response. |
238786811 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-10-15T00:09:18.517Z | 2021-07-27T00:00:00.000Z | Optimal Coordinated Bidding Strategy of Wind and Solar System with Energy Storage in Day-ahead Market
Although wind and solar power is the major reliable renewable energy sources used in power grids, the fluctuation and unpredictability of these renewable energy sources require the use of ancillary services, thereby increasing the integration cost. This study proposes a wind, solar, and pumped-storage cooperative (WSPC) model that can be applied to large-scale systems connected to dispersed renewable energy sources. This model provides an optimized coordinated bidding strategy in the day-ahead market, along with a method to facilitate revenue distribution among participating members. This model takes advantage of the natural complementary characteristics of wind and solar power while using pumped storage to adjust the total output power. In the coordinated bidding strategy, a proportion of the energies is provided as firm power, which can lower the ancillary service requirement. Moreover, a multi-period firm power-providing mode is adopted to reflect the wind-solar output characteristics of each period accurately. The duration of each period is selected as a variable to accommodate seasonal characteristics. This ensures that the provision of firm power can maintain a high proportion under varied connected ratios of wind-solar, thereby obtaining higher revenue. By using the revenue distribution method, the short-term influencing factors of the cooperative model are considered to provide the economic characteristics of wind farms and photovoltaic stations. In this way, revenue distribution can be fairly realized among the participating members. Finally, the effectiveness and economy of the proposed model are validated based on actual data obtained from the power grid in California, USA. |
249300561 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-06-03T15:14:27.867Z | 2022-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | The Response of Firms to Maternity Leave and Sickness Absence
We study how firms respond to predictable, but uncertain, worker absences arising from maternity and non-work-related sickness leave. Using administrative data on over two million spells of leave in Brazil, we identify the short-run effects of a leave spell starting on firms’ employment, hiring, and separations. Firms respond immediately by increasing hiring, but the increase is substantially less than one-for-one replacement. Hiring responses are more pronounced for absences arising in occupations with more transferable skills and in firms operating in thicker labor markets. Overall, our results imply that using external markets is costly and firms manage absences through other channels. JEL Codes: J23, J21, J63, J68, J13 *Schmutte: [email protected]. Skira: [email protected]. Department of Economics, Terry College of Business, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602. Branham Culpepper and Rodrigo Saurin provided valuable research assistance. This paper has benefited from useful discussions with David Bradford, Carol Caetano, Greg Caetano, Brant Callaway, Chris Cornwell, Josh Kinsler, Emily Lawler, Farhan Majid, and Daniela Scur. Skira acknowledges financial support through the Terry-Sanford Research Award. Both authors received support from the Bonbright Center for the Study of Regulation at the University of Georgia. |
19860211 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-06-15T22:55:09.799Z | 2008-11-28T00:00:00.000Z | Water slippage versus contact angle: a quasiuniversal relationship.
Using molecular dynamics simulations of an atomistic water model, we study the interfacial hydrodynamic slippage of water at various hydrophobic surfaces, both organic (silane monolayers) and inorganic (diamondlike and Lennard-Jones models). The measured slip lengths range from nanometers to tens of nanometers. Slip lengths on different surfaces are found to collapse nearly onto a single curve as a function of the static contact angle characterizing the surface wettability, thereby suggesting a quasiuniversal relationship. This dependence is rationalized on the basis of a simple scaling description of the fluid-solid friction at the microscopic level. The link between slippage and water depletion at hydrophobic surfaces is clarified. These results shed light on the controversy over experimental measurements of the slip length at smooth hydrophobic surfaces. |
12494511 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T00:30:52.819Z | 2009-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | [Design and application of a new type minor smoke warming moxibustion cup].
OBJECTIVE
To design a new type minor smoke warming moxibustion cup for convenient use of both the physicians and the patients.
METHODS
The double-deck minor smoke warming moxibustion cup is fixed on the part receiving moxibustion by vacuum adsorption; the filtration device on the upper can filtrate and adsorb the harmful substance in the moxa-smoke, and the device with a double-temperature control on the lower can sensitively regulate the moxibustion temperature.
RESULTS
This new type minor smoke warming moxibustion cup has the advantages of minor smoke discharge, convenient fixation, sensitive regulation of temperature, saving moxibustion material, lasting action, safety, besides the advantages of traditional moxibustion.
CONCLUSION
The new type minor smoke warming moxibustion cup can use for treatment and prevention of diseases, suitable to clinical treatment and family health care. |
249996931 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-06-25T15:08:07.714Z | 2022-06-22T00:00:00.000Z | Study on a High-Efficiency Mining Technology System for Gas Outburst in Coal Seams—Example of an H Coal Mine
Coal will continue to play an important role in China’s economic development and social development in the coming decades. However, due to the complex distribution conditions of coal resources, the mining of coal resources is subject to various restrictions. Coal and gas outburst is an important issue in coal mining, and the threat to the mining of coal resources caused by high gas outburst activity has been receiving more attention. In order to solve the problems related to safe and efficient mining under coal seams with gas outburst, such as mining difficulties, large amounts of work, resource waste, no guaranteed gas treatment time, and low economic efficiency, it is necessary to innovate mining technology and methods for managing gas outburst in coal seams to improve the efficiency of coal mines and to solve the above problems. This study proposes a green mining technical method system known as the “L-H method”, which is applicable to the safe and efficient mining of coal seams with gas outburst based on combined theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. The following research results are achieved: (1) The “L-H method” is proposed, and a mining area model of coal seams with gas outburst is established. The specific details of the method and the implementation process are introduced. (2) Examples of H coal mine applications are presented, and the effects of the implementation of the “L-H method” are analyzed and summarized through mine pressure observations from roadways, and it is concluded that the implementation of top-cutting and pressure-relief technology has a good control effect on the roadway-surrounding rock and that gas extraction reaches the national standard of less than 8 m3/t for protrusion prevention; this ensures safety and also achieves efficient mining. This study will provide a good reference for the implementation of green mining methods to similar coal and gas outburst mines. |
202826981 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-09-26T20:25:13.190Z | 2019-07-25T00:00:00.000Z | Awareness and Practice about Respiratory System Nosocomial Infection Control of Clinical Nurses
Background/Objectives: The nurse has a critical role to play at preventing of nosocomial infection. This study was attempted to determine the nurses’ awareness and performance related to respiratory system nosocomial infection control. Methods/Statistical analysis: Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Findings: The mean of compliance of hand washing was 2.81(ranging 1-3). Regarding hand washing before and after caring the site of tracheostomy was 2.90 point and 2.94 point, respectively. The hands washing before wearing gloves was 2.62 point. The compliance of hand washing before wearing gloves was relatively low and the highest compliance was hands washing after caring the site of tracheostomy. Subjects with bachelor graduate (t=-2.057, p=.041) and higher position (t=-3.139, p=.002) showed higher awareness about respiratory system nosocomial infection control with statistical significance. Subjects with higher position (t=-2.427, p=.016), those who think that guidelines for infection control are needed (t=3.413, p=.001), and those who think that education about infection control is necessary (t=-2.033, p=.043) showed higher performance about respiratory system nosocomial infection control with statistical significance. There was correlation between awareness about respiratory system nosocomial infection control and performance about respiratory system nosocomial infection control (r=.518, p=<.001). Improvements/Applications: Education or surveillance should be centered on practices with low performance. |
45126431 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T05:58:21.355Z | 2004-06-30T00:00:00.000Z | Mouse Manipulation Through Single-Switch Scanning
Given the current extensive reliance on the graphical user interface, independent access to computer software requires that users be able to manipulate a pointing device of some type (e.g., mouse, trackball) or be able to emulate a mouse by some other means (e.g., scanning). The purpose of the present study was to identify one or more optimal single-switch scanning mouse emulation strategies. Four alternative scanning strategies (continuous Cartesian, discrete Cartesian, rotational, and hybrid quadrant/continuous Cartesian) were selected for testing based on current market availability as well as on theoretical considerations of their potential speed and accuracy. Each strategy was evaluated using a repeated measures study design by means of a test program that permitted mouse emulation via any one of four scanning strategies in a motivating environment; response speed and accuracy could be automatically recorded and considered in view of the motor, cognitive, and perceptual demands of each scanning strategy. Ten individuals whose disabilities required them to operate a computer via single-switch scanning participated in the study. Results indicated that Cartesian scanning was the preferred and most effective scanning strategy. There were no significant differences between results from the Continuous Cartesian and Discrete Cartesian scanning strategies. Rotational scanning was quite slow with respect to the other strategies, although it was equally accurate. Hybrid Quadrant scanning improved access time but at the cost of fewer correct selections. These results demonstrated the importance of testing and comparing alternate single-switch scanning strategies. |
4241331 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T04:46:35.072Z | 2010-04-30T00:00:00.000Z | An Environmental Intervention to Prevent Excess Weight Gain in African-American Students: A Pilot Study
Purpose. To examine the influence of an environmental intervention to prevent excess weight gain in African-American children. Design. Single-group repeated measures. Setting. The intervention was delivered to a school composed of African-American children. Participants. Approximately 45% (N = 77) of enrolled second through sixth grade students. Intervention. The 18-month intervention was designed to alter the school environment to prevent excess weight gain by making healthier eating choices and physical activity opportunities more available. Measures. Body mass index percentile was the primary outcome variable. Body mass index z score was also calculated, and percent body fat, using bioelectrical impedance, was also measured. Total caloric intake (kilocalories) and percent kilocalories from fat, carbohydrate, and protein were measured by digital photography. Minutes of physical activity and sedentary behavior were self-reported. Analysis. Mixed-models analysis was used with covarying baseline values. Results. Boys maintained, whereas girls increased, percent body fat over 18 months (p = .027). All children decreased percent of kilocalories consumed from total and saturated fat and increased carbohydrate intake and self-reported physical activity during the intervention (p < .025). Body mass index z score, sedentary behavior, and total caloric intake were unchanged. Conclusion. The program may have resulted in maintenance of percent body fat in boys. The percent body fat in girls steadily increased, despite similar behavioral changes as boys. School-based interventions targeting African-American children should investigate strategies that can be effective across gender. |
14456281 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 2010-10-14T00:00:00.000Z | Multi-sensor based segmentation of human manipulation tasks
In this paper we present an overview of a multi-sensor setup designed to record and analyse human in-hand manipulation — tasks consisting of several phases of finger motions following the initial grasp. During the experiments all of the hand, finger, and object positions are recorded, as are the contact forces applied to the manipulated objects. The use of instrumented sensing objects complements the data. The goal is to understand and extract a basic set of finger and hand movement patterns, which can then be combined to perform a complete manipulation task, and which can be transferred to control robotic hands. The segmentation of whole manipulation traces into several phases corresponding to individual basic patterns is the first step towards this goal. Initial analysis and segmentation of two typical manipulation tasks are presented, showing the advantages of the multi-modal analysis. |
110848481 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-13T13:04:12.357Z | 2014-11-02T00:00:00.000Z | Improvement of vehicle–turnout interaction by optimising the shape of crossing nose
Proper rail geometry in the crossing part is essential for reducing damage on the nose rail. To improve the dynamic behaviour of turnout crossings, a numerical optimisation approach to minimise rolling contact fatigue (RCF) damage and wear in the crossing panel by varying the nose rail shape is presented in the paper. The rail geometry is parameterised by defining several control cross-sections along the crossing. The dynamic vehicle–turnout interaction as a function of crossing geometry is analysed using the VI-Rail package. In formulation of the optimisation problem a combined weighted objective function is used consisting of the normal contact pressure and the energy dissipation along the crossing responsible for RCF and wear, respectively. The multi-objective optimisation problem is solved by adapting the multipoint approximation method and a number of compromised solutions have been found for various sets of weight coefficients. Dynamic behaviour of the crossing has been significantly improved after optimisations. Comparing with the reference design, the heights of the nose rail are notably increased in the beginning of the crossing; the nominal thicknesses of the nose rail are also changed. All the optimum designs work well under different track conditions. |
208954481 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-08-17T02:44:13.898Z | 1990-09-01T00:00:00.000Z | Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Transplanted Kidney
Interstitial fibrosis is a frequent finding in biopsies from long-term renal allografts, and may be due to chronic cyclosporine nephrotoxicity or chronic rejection. In this study, long-term renal transplants were investigated with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and the results were correlated to histopathology and graft function. Seventeen patients were investigated with MR one to 10 years after transplantation and with simultaneous ultrasonographically guided cortical needle biopsy and function tests. Histopathology included semiquantitative grading of degree of fibrosis and quantitation of ratios of tubular structures to interstitial tissue. The correlation between the histopathological assessment of interstitial fibrosis and graft function was good. Poor differentiation between the renal cortex and the renal medulla at MR imaging was correlated to high degree of interstitial fibrosis in the kidney transplants as well as to reduced graft function. MR examination may thus be of value in the evaluation of long-term renal transplants with chronic functional changes. |
25405381 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-02-10T02:46:05.727Z | 1999-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Method of moments analysis of electrically large circular-loop antennas: non-uniform currents
In this paper, a method of moments analysis is carried out so as to obtain in closed form the non-uniform current distributions, and their resulted radiation patterns in both the near and far zones, of circular loop antennas with electrically larger circumferences. An oblique incident field in its general form is considered in the formulation of the non-uniform current distributions. In the Galerkin's method of moment analysis, the Fourier cosine series is considered as the full-domain basis function series. As a result, the current distributions along the circular loops are expressed analytically in terms of the azimuth angle for various diameters of large loops. Finally, the radiated electromagnetic (EM) fields and their power pattern in both the near and far zones are determined by applying the dyadic Green's function (DGF) in spherical coordinates and plotted with the Mathematica package, respectively. |
659131 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T03:05:42.067Z | 1982-11-01T00:00:00.000Z | Split dose recovery of a mouse tumour and its stroma during fractionated irradiation.
Abstract The shapes of tumour regrowth curves after irradiation are the combined effects of radiation damage to the tumour and to its stromal tissue. In the adenocarcinoma 284 both effects can be differentiated and studied simultaneously after fractionated irradiation. At doses per fraction between 2 and 6 Gy the stromal tissue showed much bigger split dose recovery than the tumour. |
147767081 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-09T13:13:04.502Z | 1997-01-21T00:00:00.000Z | Wolfgang P. Müller, Huguccio: The Life, Works, and Thought of a Twelfth-Century Jurist , Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 1994. Pp. ix + 220. $59.95 (ISBN 0-8132-0787-8).
The third and fourth chapters contain a description of the various authors for, respectively, the periods 193-282 and 282-305. They are marked by the daunting predominance of footnotes over text that is typical of Honore's work. He distinguishes twenty secretaries a libellis from 193 to 305, starting with one whom he identifies as Papinian. A high level of professionalism survived, he claims, even in the political chaos of the mid-third century, though the period 262-282 yields too few rescripts to establish a list of authors. In Diocletian's reign, a more stridently deductive and syllogistic method is introduced into the legal tradition by Diocletian's secretary no. 20. ". . . Roman law has finally become Romano-Greek law, a marriage of casuistry, sharp outlines, and system-building" (176). A more developed argument will be necessary to establish that this major change took place. The publisher is to be congratulated for providing the chronologically arranged rescripts on a diskette, which is included with the book. This method not only reduces the size and cost of the book but provides a machine-searchable text, though only by character-string, and not by word or lexical entry. Unfortunately, neither in the printed book or on the diskette is it indicated whether particular hardware and software is recommended to facilitate use of the diskette, or the order of the five files. (Readers should begin with sevl.w51, which contains an essential introduction to the material.) A bibliographic convention is needed that would provide these specifications. I was able to use the diskette on my IBM-clone—486 processor, 25MHz with 4 MB RAM—without incident, employing a common word-processing program. The dialogue between the author and Millar, of which this revised edition constitutes a part, is advancing our understanding of the texts that provide the basis for our knowledge of Roman Law. Many scholars, like Millar, will accept the important conclusion that these texts later emerged relatively unscathed from the Justinianic editing process but will be less willing to accept the conclusion that Roman emperors were consistently content to leave legal matters to professionals. Nevertheless, Honore is to be congratulated for providing us with means to test his challenging thesis. |
22199631 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T03:07:32.288Z | 1991-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Survival and mortality in prostatic cancer. A study based on the Swedish Cancer Register.
A total of 44,300 cases of prostatic cancer, comprising 99% of all newly diagnosed living cases reported to the Swedish Cancer Registry in 1960 through 1978 constituted a cohort followed up for 1-19 years. Survival rates were adjusted for expected mortality in the general population and were expressed as relative survival (RS). RS for the total cohort after 5, 10 and 20 years was 51, 34 and 17% respectively, with an annual excess death rate of about 8% which persisted also after long-term observation. RS was similar in age groups between 45 and 74 years, whereas among patients older than 74 years at diagnosis approximately 10% lower RS appeared early and was persistent. RS improved for patients diagnosed at consecutive 5-year periods. Thus, the high mortality rate in old age groups and the low long-term RS contradicted the concept that biologically inactive tumours constitute a significant proportion of prostatic cancers diagnosed in clinical practice. |
18973581 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 2009-09-07T00:00:00.000Z | Parallel Generation of NC Tool Paths for Subdivision Surfaces
The subdivision surface is the limit of recursively refined polyhedral mesh. It is quite intuitive that the multi-resolution feature can be utilized to simplify generation of NC (Numerical Control) tool paths for rough machining. In this paper, a new method of parallel NC tool path generation for subdivision surfaces is presented. The basic idea of the method includes two steps: first, extending G-Buffer to a strip buffer (called S-Buffer) by dividing the working area into strips to generate NC tool paths for objects of large size; second, generating NC tool paths by parallel implementation of S-Buffer based on MPI (Message Passing Interface). Moreover, the recursion depth of the surface can be estimated for a user-specified error tolerance, so we substitute the polyhedral mesh for the limit surface during rough machining. Furthermore, we exploit the locality of S-Buffer and develop a dynamic division and load-balanced strategy to effectively parallelize S-Buffer. |
3880481 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T04:39:06.593Z | 2018-03-01T00:00:00.000Z | Nursing Care After Kidney Transplant: Case Report.
Kidney transplant is the leading treatment method for patients with recent renal failure in terms of quality of life, cost, and survival. After transplant, rejection, infection, cardiovascular diseases, malignancies, immunosuppressive therapy failure, and psychologic problems may occur. Posttransplant nursing care is as important as pretransplant nursing care in terms of enhancing quality of life, preventing complications, and providing necessary changes to treatment. In this report, we presented ways to increase quality of care after transplant and outlined standardized nursing care to reduce work and time loads by ensuring integrative and systematic approaches of nurses. |
15022931 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2015-03-19T23:44:59.000Z | 2014-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Grading & Identification of Disease in Pomegranate Leaf and Fruit
Present paper is an attempt to automatically grade the disease on the Pomegranate plant leaves. This innovative technique would be a boon to many and would have a lot of advantages over the traditional method of grading. There has been a sea change in the mindset and the effort put down by the agricultural industry by adapting to the current trends & technologies. One such example is the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in agriculture which eventually contributes to Precision Agriculture. Presently, plant pathologists follow a tedious technique that mainly relies on naked eye prediction and a disease scoring scale to grade the disease. Manual grading is not only time consuming but also does not give precise results. Hence the current paper proposes an image processing methodology to deal with one of the main issues of plant pathology i.e disease grading. The results are proved to be accurate and satisfactory in contrast to manual grading and hopefully take a strong leap forward in establishing itself in the market as one of the most efficient and effective process. The proposed system is also an efficient module that identifies the Bacterial Blight disease on pomegranate plant. At first, the captured images are processed for enhancement. Then image segmentation is carried out to get target regions (disease spots) on the leaves and fruits. Later, if the diseased spot on leaf is bordered by yellow margin then it is said that leaf is infected by bacterial blight otherwise not. Similarly when black spots are targeted on fruits, they are checked for whether a crack is passing through these spots. If cracks are passing through the spots then the disease identified would be Bacterial blight. Based on these two characteristics bacterial blight on pomegranate can be appropriately identified. Keywords— Percent Infection, Bacterial Blight, K-means clustering, Morphology, colour image segmentation, Precision agriculture. |
11175881 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T00:21:53.052Z | 1994-08-16T00:00:00.000Z | Strand displacement amplification as an in vitro model for rolling-circle replication: deletion formation and evolution during serial transfer.
Strand displacement amplification is an isothermal DNA amplification reaction based on a restriction endonuclease nicking its recognition site and a polymerase extending the nick at its 3' end, displacing the downstream strand. The reaction resembles rolling-circle replication of single-stranded phages and small plasmids. The displaced sense strand serves as target for an antisense reaction and vice versa, resulting in exponential growth and the autocatalytic nature of this in vitro reaction as long as the template is the limiting agent. We describe the optimization of strand displacement amplification for in vitro evolution experiments under serial transfer conditions. The reaction was followed and controlled by use of the fluorescent dye thiazole orange binding to the amplified DNA. We were able to maintain exponential growth conditions with a doubling time of 3.0 min throughout 100 transfers or approximately 350 molecular generations by using an automatic handling device. Homology of in vitro amplification with rolling-circle replication was mirrored by the occurring evolutionary processes. Deletion events most likely caused by a slipped mispairing mechanism as postulated for in vivo replication took place. Under our conditions, the mutation rate was high and a molecular quasi-species formed with a mutant lacking internal hairpin formation ability and thus outgrowing all other species under dGTP/dCTP deficiency. |
42969931 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-01-23T22:40:07.301Z | 2007-12-01T00:00:00.000Z | Extending Chua's Global Equivalence Theorem on Wolfram's New Kind of Science
We establish the relation between the extended (i.e. I = ∞) one-dimensional binary Cellular Automata (1D CA) and the bi-infinite symbolic sequences in symbolic dynamics. That is, the 256 local rules of 1D CA correspond to 256 local rule mappings in the symbolic space. By employing the two homeomorphisms T† and from [Chua et al., 2004] for finite I, we classify these 256 local rule mappings into the same 88 equivalence classes identified in [Chua et al., 2004] and [Chua, 2006]. Different mappings in the same equivalence class are mutually topologically conjugate. |
21548431 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T04:14:40.272Z | 2000-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | Recurrence and malignant degeneration of 89 cases of inverted papilloma diagnosed in a non-tertiary referral population between 1975 and 1995: clinical predictors and p53 studies.
Eighty-nine patients with sinonasal inverted papilloma presenting between 1975 and 1995 were reviewed with the aims of studying predictors of tumour behaviour and correlating outcome with p53 expression. Correlation of clinical, radiological features and p53 status was made using chi2 and multiple logistic regression analysis with recurrence and malignant degeneration as the main outcome measures. Two patients had synchronous malignancy but no malignant degeneration was seen. There was no significant difference in recurrence between minor intranasal procedures and more extensive surgery for the first event. Younger patients were more likely to recur. (P = 0.0493, odds ratio 0.43). Those who smoked showed a trend towards multiple recurrence. p53 was expressed in 41% but did not predict recurrence. Morbidity was related to the extent of surgery. Inverted papilloma presenting to a non-tertiary centre is more benign than previously reported. Initial management by less extensive endoscopic surgery may reduce morbidity. |
19814981 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T02:58:22.646Z | 1991-09-01T00:00:00.000Z | Injection sclerotherapy for bleeding varices: Risk factors and complications
Risk factors for complications after injection sclerotherapy were studied in 163 patients undergoing 667 treatments for bleeding oesophageal varices. The overall mortality rate was 7 per cent per injection sclerotherapy session; 16 per cent per acute session and 2.4 per cent per elective session. Acute variceal bleeding was controlled by injection sclerotherapy in 91 per cent of patients. Complications occurred after 16 per cent of injection sclerotherapy sessions. Deaths and complications were significantly associated with poor modified Child's grading (P<0.001), the first variceal bleed (P<0.001), acute injection sclerotherapy (P<0.001) and the use of the rigid oesophagoscope (P<0.001). |
206686681 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-10-19T12:56:41.379Z | 2010-11-01T00:00:00.000Z | Outcomes of fractional CO2 laser application in aesthetic surgery: a retrospective review.
BACKGROUND
Despite the effectiveness of ablative CO(2) laser resurfacing for facial rejuvenation, its application has been limited owing to an undesirable side-effect profile, including prolonged hyperemia and potential pigmentary changes. However, newer fractional CO(2) laser technology has reduced the recovery time and led to decreases in postprocedural hypo- and hyperpigmentation.
OBJECTIVES
The authors investigate the application and outcomes of ablative fractional technology in a private cosmetic surgery practice.
METHODS
In this retrospective cohort study, the charts of patients who received fractional CO(2) laser resurfacing between March 2007 and May 2008 were reviewed. Data regarding patient demographics, pretreatment regimens, detailed operative data, and posttreatment findings were obtained. The length of hyperemia (less than five weeks, five to eight weeks, and more than eight weeks), complication rates, and revision rates were analyzed. A satisfaction survey was also sent to all patients.
RESULTS
Throughout the 19-month study period, 97 patients received 101 treatments with an average follow-up of 4.5 months. Full-face laser resurfacing was performed in 81.1% of patients, with 64.3% receiving their treatment under local anesthesia without sedation. Length of hyperemia was less than five weeks in 93%, five to eight weeks in 5.9%, and more than eight weeks in 0.9% of patients. Hyperpigmentation (9.9%), milia (6.9%), acne breakout (5.9%), and transient ectropion (0.9%) were less common. Patient satisfaction surveys revealed that a majority of patients were satisfied with their results.
CONCLUSIONS
New fractional CO(2) laser skin resurfacing is associated with shorter periods of hyperemia, resulting in shorter recovery time in comparison with older ablative technology. The side-effect profile is minor and infrequent. This new technology provides significant clinical improvement with high patient satisfaction. |
34934481 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T02:43:42.308Z | 1998-02-10T00:00:00.000Z | [Physiotherapy practice--examination and patient participation].
Musculoskeletal disorders are increasing; they require vast resources and are controversial. How are patients suffering from such disorders received, examined and understood? This article is based on a research project of first-time consultations in a physiotherapy practice, using video recordings and direct observations, supplemented by interviews. One particular encounter is described and analysed in detail. The analysis shows that most of the consultation was devoted to verbal communication and that the information obtained by verbal exchange and physical examination overlapped. The therapist stressed the relationship between the general state of the body and local conditions and regarded the body as a field of expression. Since the patient is affirmed as an experiencing body subject entitled to opinions, her participation is encouraged. A common ground for future co-operation is established. The findings emphasize the need for further analysis of actual practice and ist underlying assumptions. Microstudies of clinical consultations can teach us more about the relationship between diagnostics and the prerequisites for ensuring patients' participation. |
52891881 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-10-01T19:22:47.646Z | 2018-09-01T00:00:00.000Z | How AI Is Optimizing the Detection and Management of Prostate Cancer
Annually, approximately 20 million men are prostate-specific-antigen screened, and 1.3 million undergo an invasive biopsy to diagnose roughly 200,000 new cases, 50% of which end up being indolent. Approximately 30,000 men die of prostate cancer (PCa) yearly. Importantly, an estimated US$8 billion is spent on unnecessary biopsies. Thus, an integrative analysis and predictive model of prognosis is needed to help identify only lethal and aggressive forms of the disease. |
46860131 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T05:22:02.908Z | 1992-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Safety experience from long-term treatment with omeprazole.
Omeprazole was administered for up to 6 years in 859 patients for 'prevention of relapse in patients with poorly responsive peptic ulcer or reflux oesophagitis'. The pattern of adverse events reported during long-term treatment was similar to the adverse-event profile in short-term treatment with omeprazole (n = 2,818), ranitidine (n = 1,572) and cimetidine (n = 891). Omeprazole had essentially the same adverse-event profile as the two H2-receptor antagonists. The adverse-event profile for omeprazole during long-term treatment did not differ from that seen during short-term treatment with either omeprazole or the H2-receptor antagonists. The rate of occurrence of any specific adverse event decreased with time, and no previously unidentified adverse event occurred with long-term omeprazole therapy. There were no serious adverse events that were considered to be causally related to omeprazole therapy. Thus, omeprazole has been shown to be well tolerated in both short- and long-term treatment. |
76649131 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-02-22T08:36:54.848Z | 1991-10-07T00:00:00.000Z | Motion and structure from long stereo image sequences
The treatment of uncertainty in 3D points determined by stereo triangulation affects significantly the reliability of the estimated 3D motion and structure. The authors first address this issue in the estimation of inter-frame motion. Two methods are discussed, a closed-form matrix-weighted least-squares solution and an iterative optimal solution. Using each of these two methods for two-view analyses, the authors proceed to deal with long image sequences. A recursive-batch approach is adopted to fuse multiple stereo views in order to achieve higher performance without suffering from excessive computational cost. Experiments with a real stereo image sequence have been presented to show the performance of the algorithms.<<ETX>> |
108499531 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-12T13:54:51.820Z | 1999-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Error Rate Analysis of Optical Receivers with Fabry-Perot Optical Filter and Equalizing Postdetection Filtering
A complete analytic solution in form of the moment-generating function is presented for the statistical distribution of the decision variable of an on-off system with a Fabry-Perot optical filter. The results include ASE noise, photodetector shot noise and dark current together with thermal noise in the decision circuit. The influence of intersymbol interference is incorporated into the analysis and the optimal bandwidth of the optical filter is determined. It is shown that an equalizing electrical postdetection filter may make a significant improvement in performance. The analysis is extended to cover receivers with an arbitrary optical filter and arbitrary postdetection filtering by making use of a Gaussian approximation. |
18537281 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2015-07-06T21:03:06.000Z | 2015-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Joins for Hybrid Warehouses: Exploiting Massive Parallelism in Hadoop and Enterprise Data Warehouses
HDFS has become an important data repository in the enterprise as the center for all business analytics, from SQL queries, machine learning to reporting. At the same time, enterprise data warehouses (EDWs) continue to support critical business analytics. This has created the need for a new generation of special federation between Hadoop-like big data platforms and EDWs, which we call the hybrid warehouse. There are many applications that require correlating data stored in HDFS with EDW data, such as the analysis that associates click logs stored in HDFS with the sales data stored in the database. All existing solutions reach out to HDFS and read the data into the EDW to perform the joins, assuming that the Hadoop side does not have the efficient SQL support. In this paper, we show that it is actually better to do most data processing on the HDFS side, provided that we can leverage a sophisticated execution engine for joins on the Hadoop side. We identify the best hybrid warehouse architecture by studying various algorithms to join database and HDFS tables. We utilize Bloom filters to minimize the data movement, and exploit the massive parallelism in both systems to the fullest extent possible. We describe a new zigzag join algorithm, and show that it is a robust join algorithm for hybrid warehouses which performs well in almost all cases. |