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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8078586

Which de novo mutation in FGFR cause achondroplasia?

Recurrent missense mutations in a CpG doublet of the transmembrane domain of the FGFR3 protein (glycine substituted with arginine at residue 380, G380R).

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29450111,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29305302,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29405222

List types of DNA lesions caused by UV light.

cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers pyrimidine pyrimidone photoproducts 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30232916

Has istadefylline been considered as a treatment for Parkinson's disease?

Yes, istradefylline is a new drug developed for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28894257,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23474818,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29035885,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23982513,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27057671,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22383896,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25148713,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29298433

In which cellular compartment do stress granules localize?

cytoplasmStress granules (SGs) are cytoplasmic granules that are formed in cells when stress occurs.Stress granules are non-membranous structures that transiently form in the cytoplasm during cellular stress, where they promote translational repression of non-essential RNAs and modulate cell signaling by sequestering key signal transduction proteinsStress granules (SGs) are cytoplasmic inclusions that repress translation of a subset of RNAs in times of cellular stress, and are characteristic to eukaryotic cells.Stress granules are non-membranous structures that transiently form in the cytoplasm during cellular stress, where they promote translational repression of non-essential RNAs and modulate cell signaling by sequestering key signal transduction proteins. Here, we show that Rbfox2 is a novel constituent of cytoplasmic stress granules, the translational silencing machinery assembled in response to cellular stress.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26862394,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25838885,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23099783,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23777627,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28405579,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30271960

Which software are used for the detection of selective sweeps?

Four open-source software releases (SweeD, SweepFinder, SweepFinder2, and OmegaPlus) are able to detect selective sweeps accurately. RAiSD (Raised Accuracy in Sweep Detection), an open-source software implements a parameter-free detection mechanism that relies on multiple signatures of a selective sweep via the enumeration of SNP vectors.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9458204,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26936891,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23229448

Which organs are primarily damaged in SLE?

The patients with SLE are mostly affected by renal, peripheral vascular, musculoskeletal and neurological damage. The skin and heart are also damaged very frequently.In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), brain and kidney are the most frequently damaged organs. The heart is one of the most commonly damaged organs in SLE. Any part of the heart can be affected, including the pericardium, myocardium, coronary arteries, valves, and the conduction system

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29875977,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24303691,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29455120,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17990042,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23591313,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30049909,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29753277,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19478627,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24765286,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30151100

What is Amyand hernia?

An Amyand hernia is a rare disease where the appendix is found within an inguinal hernia sac, which may or may not contain other abdominal contents or pathologic inflammatory changes.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27026812

What is the Lupus Severity Index (LSI)?

It is a simple systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) severity index that requires knowledge of only American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria and subcriteria.The Lupus Severity Index (LSI) is a simple, reliable, and valid measure of disease severity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.The Lupus Severity Index (LSI) is a simple, reliable, and valid measure of disease severity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. The index can be used to identify patients at risk for acute exacerbations of Lupus nephritis. Based on the score, patients were classified into five different groups, one with the most severe, the other with the worst prognosis, and the others with the best prognosis.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29564954

Is amantadine ER the first approved treatment for akinesia?

No, extended-release amantadine (amantadine ER) is the first approved medication for the treatment of dyskinesia.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29515069,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26951627,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27374826,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26300669,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22068151,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21828123,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24718698,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28795321,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29121645

Which disease is Dasatinib used to treat?

Patients with chronic myeloid leukemiaDasatinib is a second-generation TKI with a well-established safety and efficacy profile in chronic myeloid leukemia patients, who are refractory or intolerant to imatinib. A recent study reported that treatment-free remission (TFR) of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) after dasatinib (Das) treatment was significantly associated with natural killer (NK) cell proliferation in the peripheral blood.Dasatinib is a pan receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (RTK) used in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML).chronic myeloid leukemiaDasatinib is a small molecule covalently binding and inhibiting BCR-ABL receptor. It is used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) by targeting the integrins avb3 and avb5 over-expressed on B cells.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29053406,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29540258,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29352998,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29462394

Is g-H2AX a marker for double strand breaks?

Yes, The specific phosphorylation of histone H2AX on serine residue 139, described as g-H2AX, is an excellent indicator or marker of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs).

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30423090

Which algorithm has been developed for finding conserved non-coding elements (CNEs)?

CNEFinder is a tool for identifying CNEs between two given DNA sequences with user-defined criteria.CNEFinder is an algorithm which has been developed for finding conserved non-coding elements (CNEs).

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28870576

What type of antagonist is istradefylline?

Istradefylline is a selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonist.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29885479,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25137181,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27285610,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30174936

What are the advantages of liquid biopsy in NSCLC?

Liquid biopsy reflected spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the tumor under treatment pressure.. These plasma-isolated exosomes can be used as a non-invasive and repeatable way for the detection and follow-up of these biomarkers.. We report for the first time that the CellSearch System coupled with NGS is a very sensitive and specific diagnostic tool for EGFR mutation analysis in CTC preparations with potential clinical impact.. In summary, the panel concluded that liquid biopsy approaches have significant potential to improve patient care, and immediate implementation in the clinic is justified in a number of therapeutic settings relevant to NSCLC.. Liquid biopsy reflected spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the tumor under treatment pressure. We provide the proof-of-concept that the complementary use of ctDNA and ctcDNA represents a reliable, minimally invasive and dynamic tool for a more comprehensive view of tumor evolution.. In this respect, mutation analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may be desirable since they may provide real-time information on patient's disease status.Mutation analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may be desirable since they may provide real-time information on patient's disease status. Plasma-isolated exosomes can be used as a non-invasive and repeatable way for the detection and follow-up of these biomarkers. Liquid biopsy reflected spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the tumor under treatment pressure. Complementary use of ctDNA and ctcDNA represents a reliable, minimally invasive and dynamic tool for a more comprehensive view of tumor evolution.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29374165

What is the 4D-CHAINS algorithm?

The 4D-CHAINS/autoNOE-Rosetta is a complete pipeline for NOE-driven structure determination of medium- to larger-sized proteins. The 4D-CHAINS algorithm analyzes two 4D spectra recorded using a single, fully protonated protein sample in an iterative ansatz where common NOEs between different spin systems supplement conventional through-bond connectivities to establish assignments of sidechain and backbone resonances at high levels of completeness and with a minimum error rate. The 4D-CHAINS assignments are then used to guide automated assignment of long-range NOEs and structure refinement in autoNOE-Rosetta.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26706854,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29198722,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25105228

Which disorders are caused by de novo mutations in ZSWIM6?

Mutations in the ZSWIM6 gene, which encodes the cellular iron exporter ZEB6, are the cause of de novo autosomal recessive acromelic frontonasal dysostosis and Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy and/or dystonia.A recurrent de novo nonsense variant in ZSWIM6 results in severe intellectual disability without frontonasal or limb malformations. Also, a recurrent de novo missense variant within the C-terminal Sin3-like domain of ZSWIM6 has previously been reported to cause acromelic frontonasal dysostosis (AFND), an autosomal-dominant severe frontonasal and limb malformation syndrome, associated with neurocognitive and motor delay, via a proposed gain-of-function effect.Mutations in the solute carrier family 9, subfamily A member 6 (SLC9A6) gene, encoding the endosomal ZSWIM6 protein, are the cause of autosomal recessive acromelic frontonasal dysostosis and Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy and/or dystonia.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29522506

Describe ChromoTrace

Recent advances of super-resolution microscopy in principle enable the mapping of specific molecular features with nanometer precision inside cells. Combined with highly specific, sensitive and multiplexed fluorescence labeling of DNA sequences this opens up the possibility of mapping the 3D path of the genome sequence in situ. ChromoTrace is a computational methodology to reconstruct the sequence configuration of all human chromosomes in the nucleus from a super-resolution image of a set of fluorescent in situ probes hybridized to the genome in a cell. ChromoTrace uses suffix trees to assign a known linear ordering of in situ probes on the genome to an unknown set of 3D in-situ probe positions in the nucleus from super-resolved images using the known genomic probe spacing as a set of physical distance constraints between probes. The algorithm can assign the 3D positions of the majority of loci with high accuracy and reasonable sensitivity to specific genome sequences.ChromoTrace is a computational tool to reconstruct the sequence configuration of all human chromosomes in the nucleus from a super-resolution image of a set of fluorescent in situ probes hybridized to the genome in a cell. It can be used to assign the 3D positions of the majority of loci with high accuracy and reasonable sensitivity to specific genome sequences. By simulating appropriate spatial resolution, label multiplexing and noise scenarios it is possible to assess the algorithms performance.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27655110,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10566200,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17205086

What is the aim of iodine prophylaxis?

Due to high volatility and environmental mobility, radioactive isotopes of iodine pose a serious risk in the acute phases of a nuclear accident. The critical organ for iodine is the thyroid. A number of studies dealing with thyroid protection from exposure to radioiodine have shown that radioiodine uptake by the thyroid can be effectively blocked by administration of stable iodine, usually in the form of potassium iodide (KI) pills.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31832001

Through which molecular pathway does LB-100 reduce hepatic steatosis?

PP2A inhibition by LB100 significantly ameliorates hepatic steatosis by regulating hepatic lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation via the AMPK/Sirt1 pathway.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26265520,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25230980,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28882196

Which drugs are included in PolyIran?

PolyIran polypill is composed of acetylsalicylic acid, hydrochlorothiazide, enalapril, and atorvastatin, whose efficacy in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease has been documented in clinical trials.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1423320,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18031135,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12766764,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21388431,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11599633,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7517178,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23561850

Are tumour specific antigens originating from known protein coding genes?

Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) function as ubiquitous tumour-specific antigens, with the specificity residing in a population of bound peptides that identify the tissue of origin of the HSP. Tumour antigens are mostly of weak immunogenicity, because the vast majority are tumour-associated differentiation antigens already 'seen' by the patient's immune system.heat-shock proteins (hsps)The pioneering studies of Srivastava and colleagues led to the proposal that heat-shock proteins (HSPs) function as ubiquitous tumour-specific antigens, with the specificity residing in a population of bound peptides that identify the tissue of origin of the HSP.It is well established that MHC class I molecules present peptides from endogenous proteins, such as virus or tumour antigens, to CD8+ T lymphocytes. So far, human tumour specific antigens that can be presented by HLA molecules have not been identified on the molecular level. The pioneering studies of Srivastava and colleagues led to the proposal that heat-shock proteins (HSPs) function as ubiquitous tumour-specific antigens, with the specificity residing in a population of bound peptides that identify the tissue of origin of the HSP.D

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25169878,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24291220,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27259978,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25557349,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30335140

Mutations in which gene form the genetic basis of the DOORS syndrome?

Mutations in TBC1D24 seem to be an important cause of DOORS syndrome and can cause diverse phenotypes. Thus, individuals with DOORS syndrome without deafness and seizures but with the other features should still be screened for TBC1D24 mutations. More information is needed to understand the cellular roles of TBC1D24 and identify the genes responsible for DOORS phenotypes in individuals who do not have a mutation in TBC1D24.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27515689,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29888979,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27979370,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28865512

What is the aim of the "Radiogenomics Consortium"?

A major aim of research in radiogenomics is the development of a predictive instrument to enable identification of people who are at greatest risk for adverse effects resulting from cancer treatment using radiation. An important effort to advance radiobiology in the genomic era was establishment of the Radiogenomics Consortium to enable the creation of the large radiotherapy cohorts required to exploit advances in genomics.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11948264,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28990968,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30451566

Who should wear dosimeters?

Nuclear medicine technologists rely on a single dosimeter to measure their work-related dose. Dosimetry for the study of medical radiation workers.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30504800

What kind of molecule is AZD8601?

AZD8601 is a modified mRNA.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26799670,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28039265,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29294092

Which disease category is LB-100 mostly assessed for?

LB-100 is designed to sensitize cancer cells to DNA damage from irradiation and chemotherapy. It is assessed for its therapeutic potential against cancer.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30058759,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30339649,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30169695,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29614352

Which disease can be classified using the Koos Classification?

The Koos classification is used from vestibular schwannomas. It is designed to stratify tumors based on extrameatal extension and compression of the brainstem.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26697469,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27422709,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25896555,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23674341,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29175734,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29314147

What is circulating free DNA ( cfDNA)?

Known to be present in the blood of cancer patients for decades, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is beginning to inform on tumor genetics, tumor burden, and mechanisms of progression and drug resistance.Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and cell-free RNA (cfRNA), RNA associated to platelets and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are some of the materials that can be derived from the blood of cancer patients.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30504800

What are the in vivo effects of AZD8601?

AZD8601 administration in vivo results in pronounced, sustained and dose-dependent vasodilation, blood flow upregulation, and neovessel formation, in striking contrast to those induced by recombinant human VEGF-A protein, a non-translatable variant of AZD8601, and citrate/saline vehicle. Moreover, sequential dosing of AZD8601 improves vascularization and tissue oxygenation of the wound bed, leading to accelerated re-epithelialization during the early phase of diabetic wound healing.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27642581

Which receptor does amantadine antagonize?

Amantadine is an N-methyl-D-aspartic acid or N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22800940,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17183620,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29688532,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1599520,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15468356

Which characteristics are used in the SLEDAI index for SLE patients?

The SLEDAi is a "weighted" index of 9 organ systems for disease activity in SLE which includes: 8 for central nervous system and vascular, 4 for renal and musculoskeletal, 2 for serosal, dermal, immunologic, and 1 for constitutional and hematologic.Twenty-four variables were identified as important factors in a disease activity index. This generated a "weighted" index of 9 organ systems for disease activity in SLE, the SLEDAI 8 for central nervous system and vascular, 4 for renal and musculoskeletal, 2 for serosal, dermal, immunologic, and 1 for constitutional and hematologic.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20334446,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20549577,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22189351,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22787067,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30342297,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19339045,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29540234

Which medication are included in the Polycap polypill?

Polycap polypil contains aspirin, 100 mg; atenolol, 50 mg; ramipril, 5 mg; thiazide, 12.5 mg; and simvastatin, 20 mg. It is taken as two capsules once daily.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30299326,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30285318,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28929587,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28870615,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30504333,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29499588,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30091846,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29193906,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29847322

Describe the mechanism of action of Luspatercept.

Luspatercept is a recombinant soluble activin type-II receptor-IgG-Fc fusion protein that blocks transforming growth factor beta (TGF b) superfamily inhibitors of erythropoiesis. Luspatercept is tested for the treatment of various types of anemias.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30404778

Which method has been developed for mapping of Transcription Start Sites (TSS) starting from nanograms of RNA?

SLIC-CAGE has been developed as a method to identify transcriptome-wide the binding sites of transcription start sites (TSSs) using a simple two-step protocol with 500-50,000 cells and reveals the interplay between genomic locations of DNA-binding proteins, transcription, individual nucleosomes and transcriptional starting sites.Cap analysis of gene expression (CAGE) is a methodology for genome-wide quantitative mapping of mRNA 5' ends to precisely capture transcription start sites at a single nucleotide resolution. In combination with high-throughput sequencing, CAGE has revolutionized our understanding of the rules of transcription initiation, led to discovery of new core promoter sequence features, and discovered transcription initiation at enhancers genome-wide. SLIC-CAGE is a Super-Low Input Carrier-CAGE approach to capture 5' ends of RNA polymerase II transcripts from as little as 5-10 ng of total RNA. This dramatic increase in sensitivity is achieved by specially designed, selectively degradable carrier RNA.SLIC-CAGE has been developed as a method to identify transcriptome-wide the binding sites of transcription start sites (TSSs) using a simple two-step protocol with 500-50,000 cells and reveals the interplay between genomic locations of DNA-binding sites, transcription, mRNA, and nucleosomes.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25376608

What are the molecular and cellular effects of LB-100 on ovarian carcinoma cells following cisplatin treatment?

LB100 sensitized ovarian carcinoma lines to cisplatin-mediated cell death. Sensitization via LB100 was mediated by abrogation of cell-cycle arrest induced by cisplatin. Loss of the cisplatin-induced checkpoint correlated with decreased Wee1 expression, increased cdc2 activation, and increased mitotic entry (p-histone H3). LB100 also induced constitutive hyperphosphorylation of DDR proteins (BRCA1, Chk2, and gH2AX), altered the chronology and persistence of JNK activation, and modulated the expression of 14-3-3 binding sites.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28588271

Can LB-100 downregulate miR-33?

No, LB-100 has been reported to modulate (upregulate) only miR-181b-1.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28747518,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29043399

What is molecular radiotherapy?

Molecular radiotherapy is working through tumor-targeted radionuclides.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29576526,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24013423,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29483269,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21118122,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29129640

Which mRNAs are sequestered in stress granules?

Stress granules are higher order assemblies of nontranslating mRNAs and proteins that form when translation initiation is inhibited. This subset of mRNAs is characterized by extended length and adenylate-uridylate (AU)-rich motifs, is highly enriched with genes critical for cell survival and proliferation. mRNA accumulation in stress granules correlates with longer coding and UTR regions and poor translatability

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30487198,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28472902,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28837143,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30393621,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25695955,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27532023,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26927720,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26778219,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29387716,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27801734,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30419350,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26516064,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26973128,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26501438,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29567557,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28881780,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27229745

Which are the problems associated with the use of PD-L1 as immunotherapy biomarker?

The use of PD-L1 (B7-H1) immunohistochemistry (IHC) as a predictive biomarker is confounded by multiple unresolved issues: variable detection antibodies, differing IHC cutoffs, tissue preparation, processing variability, primary versus metastatic biopsies, oncogenic versus induced PD-L1 expression, and staining of tumor versus immune cellsThe use of PD-L1 (B7-H1) immunohistochemistry (IHC) as a predictive biomarker is confounded by multiple unresolved issues: variable detection antibodies, differing IHC cutoffs, tissue preparation, processing variability, primary versus metastatic biopsies, oncogenic versus induced PD-L1 expression, and staining of tumor versus immune cells.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23850259

Is poliosis circumscripta another term for a white or unpigmented patch of hair or skin?

Yes. Poliosis circumscripta is another term for a white or unpigmented patch of hair or skin.Yes, poliosis circumscripta, or "white forelock," is defined as a localized patch of white hair in a group of hair follicles.poliosis circumscripta is a " localized patch of white hair in a group of hair foll white forelock " circumscripta was defined as a "yes, "white forelock," poliosis circumscripta, defined as a localized patch of white hair in a group of hair follicleYes, poliosis circumscripta is another term for a white or unpigmented patch of hair or skin."white forelock," poliosis circumscripta, defined as a localized patch of white hair in a group of hair folliclewhite forelock," poliosis circumscripta, defined as a localized patch of white hair in a group of hair follicle

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17579878,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23964094,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17158953,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22795131,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24006061,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16901784,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23232545

How are SAHFS created?

Cellular senescence-associated heterochromatic foci (SAHFS) are a novel type of chromatin condensation involving alterations of linker histone H1 and linker DNA-binding proteins. SAHFS can be formed by a variety of cell types, but their mechanism of action remains unclear.Senescent cells have a distinct gene expression profile, which is often accompanied by the spatial redistribution of heterochromatin into senescence-associated heterochromatic foci (SAHFs). Their creation goes through the senescence stimulated depletion of LMNB1, which facilitates the nuclear rearrangement of repressive histone marks H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 into nonoverlapping structural layers which characterize senescence-associated heterochromatic foci (SAHF).

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23144237

What is another name for AZD0530?

AZD0530 is also known as saracatinib.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27838630,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19798443,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17875665,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22547675,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24555990,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30384843,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22761891,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23166515,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24990964,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23028361,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29986897

Which is the effect of the HP1a protein on chromatin?

Heterochromatin Protein 1 (HP1a) is a well-known conserved protein that is involved in heterochromatin formation and gene silencing through the reading of the heterochromatin mark methylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9me) in different species including humans.Heterochromatin-associated protein 1 (HP1a) mediates silencing and switching at the mating-type loci and is essential for pluripotency in Drosophila. HP1a belongs to a homologous family of histone-deacetyltransferases that mediate chromatin organization through the binding of histones to chromatin. The ATP-dependent chromatin-remodelling activity of HP1A is mediated, in part, by its interaction with histone H3 methyltransferase 3 (H3K9me2/3).

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31151904,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28339824

Is Selumetinib effective for low-grade glioma?

Selumetinib has promising antitumor activity in children with LGG.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29412134

What is Nextflow?

Reproducing routine bioinformatics analysis is challenging owing to a combination of factors hard to control for. Nextflow is a flow management framework that uses container technology to insure efficient deployment and reproducibility of computational analysis pipelines. Third party pipelines can be ported into Nextflow with minimum re-coding.Nextflow is a flow management framework that uses container technology to insure efficient deployment and reproducibility of computational analysis pipelines.Reproducing routine bioinformatics analysis is challenging owing to a combination of factors hard to control for. Nextflow is a flow management framework that uses container technology to insure efficient deployment and reproducibility of computational analysis pipelines.Nextflow is a flow management framework that uses container technology to ensure efficient deployment and reproducibility of computational analysis pipelines.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28453679

Which application is the backbone of BioPAXViz?

BioPAXViz is a Cytoscape (version 3) application, providing a comprehensive framework for metabolic pathway visualization. Beyond the basic parsing, viewing and browsing roles, the main novel function that BioPAZViz provides is a visual comparative analysis of metabolic pathway topologies across pre-computed pathway phylogenomic profiles given a species phylogeny.BioPAXViz is a Cytoscape (version 3) application, providing a comprehensive framework for metabolic pathway visualization. Beyond the basic parsing, viewing and browsing roles, the main novel function that BioPAXViz provides is a visual comparative analysis of metabolic pathway topologies across pre-computed pathway phylogenomic profiles given a species phylogeny. Furthermore, BioPAXViz supports the display of hierarchical trees that allow efficient navigation through sets of variants of a single reference pathway. Thus, BioPAXViz can significantly facilitate, and contribute to, the study of metabolic pathway evolution and engineering.BioPAXViz is a Cytoscape (version 3) application providing a comprehensive framework for metabolic pathway visualization. The application provides a visual comparative analysis of metabolic pathway topologies across pre-computed pathway phylogenomic profiles given a species phylogeny.BioPAXViz is a Cytoscape (version 3) application, providing a comprehensive framework for metabolic pathway visualization.BioPAXViz is a Cytoscape (version 3) application providing a comprehensive framework for metabolic pathway visualization.BioPAXViz is a Cytoscape (version 3) application for the visual exploration of metabolic pathway evolution. The software is distributed under the MIT License and is accompanied by example files and data. Additional documentation is available at the aforementioned repository.BioPAXViz is a Cytoscape (version 3) application, providing a comprehensive framework for metabolic pathway visualization. Beyond the basic parsing, viewing and browsing roles, the main novel function that BioPAXViz provides is a visual comparative analysis of metabolic pathway topologies across pre-computed pathway phylogenomic profiles given a species phylogeny.BioPAXViz is a Cytoscape (version 3) application, providing a comprehensive framework for metabolic pathway visualization. Beyond the basic parsing, viewing and browsing roles, the main novel function that BioPAXViz provides is a visual comparative analysis of metabolic pathway topologies across pre-computed pathway phylogenomic profiles given a species phylogeny. Furthermore, BioPAXViz supports the display of hierarchical trees that allow efficient navigation through sets of variants of a single reference pathway. Thus, BioPAXViz can significantly facilitate, and contribute to, the study of metabolic pathway evolution and engineering.Availability and Implementation: BioPAXViz has been developed as a Cytoscape app and is available at: https://github.com/CGU-CERTH/BioPAX.Viz.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29553579

What is SpatialDE?

SpatialDE is a statistical test to identify genes with spatial patterns of expression variation from multiplexed imaging or spatial RNA-sequencing data. SpatialDE also implements ' automatic expression histology', a spatial gene-clustering approach that enables expression-based tissue histology.Technological advances have made it possible to measure spatially resolved gene expression at high throughput. However, methods to analyze these data are not established. SpatialDE is a statistical test to identify genes with spatial patterns of expression variation from multiplexed imaging or spatial RNA-sequencing data. SpatialDE also implements 'automatic expression histology', a spatial gene-clustering approach that enables expression-based tissue histology.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28186259

What is the Match BAM to VCF method?

MBV (Match BAM to VCF) is a method to quickly solve sample mislabeling and detect cross-sample contamination and PCR amplification bias.Large genomic datasets combining genotype and sequence data, such as for expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) detection, require perfect matching between both data types. MBV (Match BAM to VCF) is a method to quickly solve sample mislabeling and detect cross-sample contamination and PCR amplification bias. MBV is implemented in C ++ as an independent component of the QTLtools software package, the binary and source codes are freely available at https://qtltools.github.io/qtltools/.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28235075,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29856160,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30169254,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28492101,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28093711,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29275979,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27600111,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30915227

Describe MAGNIMS criteria.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis (MAGNIMS) network proposed modifications to the MRI criteria to define dissemination in space (DIS) and time (DIT) for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS).

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27454343,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15814699,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12692553,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9340009,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9886398

Is SATB1 expressed in thymocytes?

A thymocyte factor SATB1 suppresses transcription of stably integrated matrix-attachment region-linked reporter genes. SATB1 is a homeodomain protein and is predominantly expressed in thymocytes. In this study we show that special AT-rich binding protein 1 (SATB1), a T lineage-enriched chromatin organizer and regulator, is induced in response to TCR signaling during early thymocyte developmentYes, SATB1 is expressed in thymocytes and has a major role in the regulation of cell differentiation.yes, This was shown by fluorescence in situ hybridization on wild-type and Satb1-null thymocytes using in vivo SATB1-bound sequences as probes. SATB1 is a homeodomain protein and is predominantly expressed in thymocytes. SATB1 is a homeodomain protein and is predominantly expressed in thymocytes.SATB1 is a homeodomain protein and is predominantly expressed in thymocytes. SATB1 is a cell-type specific nuclear protein that recruits chromatin-remodeling factors and regulates numerous genes during thymocyte differentiation.A thymocyte factor SATB1 suppresses transcription of stably integrated matrix-attachment region-linked reporter genes.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23593142

Which company produces ORMD-0801?

ORMD-0801 is produced by Oramed Pharmaceuticals.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10933876,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19556781,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22162999

In which cell organelle is the SAF-A protein localized?

saf-a/hnrnp u is an abundant nuclear protein that interacts specifically with nuclear matrix attachment region dnaSAF-A/hnRNP U is an abundant nuclear protein that interacts specifically with nuclear matrix attachment region DNA (MAR) and RNA as a component of hnRNPs. Scaffold attachment factor A (SAF-A) participates in the regulation of gene expression by organizing chromatin into transcriptionally active domains and by interacting directly with RNA polymerase II.Scaffold attachment factor B (SAF-B) is a nuclear matrix-associated protein. It is an abundant nuclear protein that interacts specifically with nuclear matrix attachment region DNA (MAR) and RNA as a component of hnRNPs.TheSAF-A protein is localized to the nuclear matrixSAF-A/hnRNP U is an abundant nuclear protein that interacts specifically with nuclear matrix attachment region DNA (MAR) and RNA as a component of hnRNPs. The SAF-A protein localizes to the nucleus where it promotes ribosome biogenesisSAF-A is localized to the nucleus where it promotes ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcription thereby stimulating cell growth.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26652885,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30805057,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19436950,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27354874,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1079649,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29964390,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29759631,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23832019,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28352427,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24407542,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19693314,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18791330,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23181182,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23582129

Describe Twiddler Syndrome.

Twiddler syndrome is described as a spontaneous rotation or intentional external manipulation of implanted cardiac or occasionally deep brain stimulation (DBS) devices.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28581074,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10431243,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26903656,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3146524

What are Drosophila's balancer chromosomes?

genetic reagentsBalancer chromosomes are genetic reagents that are used in Drosophila melanogaster for stock maintenance and mutagenesis screens.Balancer chromosomes are genetic reagents that are used in Drosophila melanogaster for stock maintenance and mutagenesis screens. This problem is of particular importance when the mutant allele has been maintained with a balancer chromosome. From four isogenic lines of Drosophila melanogaster, four sets of recombinant extracted lines were constructed using standard balancer-chromosome techniquesBalancer chromosomes are genetic reagents that are used in Drosophila melanogaster for stock maintenance and mutagenesis screens. This problem is of particular importance when the mutant allele has been maintained with a balancer chromosome.balancer chromosomes are genetic reagents used for stock maintenance and mutagenesis screens

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23475155,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22021061,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27574319,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27664997

What is iodine thyroid blocking?

High doses of potassium iodide are effective to block radioiodine thyroid uptake and to prevent development of thyroid cancer years later.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15831831,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10859040,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11277826,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15243144,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15032709,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11727452,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16340185

Does gavestinel improve outcomes of stroke patients?

No. In a randomized clinical trial, treatment with gavestinel within 6 hours of acute ischaemic stroke did not improve outcome.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18813701,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15985581,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22492779,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28387089,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15557494,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17875548,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29208845,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29103182

Can Systemic Lupus Erythematosus cause seizures?

In the extant literature, an increased risk of seizures has been described in several inflammatory/autoimmune disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)Yes, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus s an autosomal recessive disorder can cause seizures.Yes, Seizure can be caused by Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7607795,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31619142,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27498665,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/891079,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1824645

What disease is associated with a Malar rash?

Cutaneous manifestations of SLE are frequently the presenting symptoms, typically noted in the classic malar "butterfly" rash;Malar rash is associated with a disease of the skin called Systemic lupus erythematosis.Malar rash is a systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) syndrome characterized by cutaneous manifestions (contact dermatitis, pompholyx, hand dermatitis dyshydrosis, urticaria) with chronic course and chronic course.The malar or butterfly rash is seen on the face and is associated with systemic Lupus erythematosus Cutaneous manifestations of SLE are frequently the presenting symptoms, typically noted in the classic malar "butterfly" rash;the cutaneous effects of sle are frequently the presenting symptoms. typically noted in the classic malar "butterfly " rashMalar rash is associated with a Systemic lupus erythematosus. Cutaneous manifestations of SLE are frequently the presenting symptoms, typically noted in the classic malar "butterfly" rash;

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31405822,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29451369,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30807645

What is the mechanism of action of rogaratinib?

Rogaratinib is a highly potent and selective small-molecule pan-fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitor (FGFR1-4) for oral application currently being investigated in phase 1 clinical trials for the treatment of cancer.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27410265,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27216774,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22158708,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28256832,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17525233,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24469045,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18931660,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19377285,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23326524

Which epigenetic mark is deposited by PRC2?

H3K27me3 is the major histone methyltransferase activity of PRC2.The Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) has been identified as a key regulator of epigenetic mark H3K27me3.There are data showing coordinate regulation between DNAme and H3K27me3, which are both involved in the establishment and maintenance of epigenetic gene silencing. We found that the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2), which is responsible for di- and trimethylation of H3K27 (H3K27me2/me3), binds to its own site of methylation.H3K27me3 is the endogenous epigenetic mark deposited by PRC2.H3K27me3 is an epigenetic mark deposited by PRC2 (Polycomb repressive complex 2).polycomb repressive complex 2 (prc2 ) mediates trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone h3Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) trimethylates histone H3 at lysine 27, which establishes H3K27me3 repressive epigenetic marks that promote tissue-specific differentiation by silencing ectopic gene programs.PRC2 is H3K27me3 ubiquitously-associated and acts as an epigenetic mark deposition mechanism.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28178083,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15482208,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29745242,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26280141,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29898217,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26336623,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25250996,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16218885,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7899177,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28196318,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29063621,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17367045,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29416987

Is Impetigo a viral infection that affects the skin?

No, impetigo is a highly contagious bacterial skin infection

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12642606,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16825336,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28778616

List diseases that are caused by the Meningococcus B?

The prevention of paediatric bacterial meningitis and septicaemia has recently entered a new era with the availability of two vaccines against capsular group B meningococcusBoth bacterial meningitis and septicemia can be caused by Meningococcus Bthe prevention of paediatric bacterial meningitis and septicaemia has entered a new era with the availability of two vaccines against capsular group b meningoco

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29550817,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28939972,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8553408,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11869612,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11062273,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12038658,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9412611,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9619701

Should Lubeluzole be used for treatment of ischemic stroke?

No. Lubeluzole failed to consistently show an efficacy in the treatment of acute stroke and should not be used.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28515625

What is vivotif?

Vivotif(r) is an oral live attenuated vaccine which contains a mutated strain of Salmonella (Ty21a) and reproduces the natural infection. The vaccine was first licensed in Europe in 1983 and in the US in 1989, and over the years it has proved efficacious and safe. It is indicated for adults and children from 5 years of age upwards. Specifically, in the most developed countries, vaccination is suggested for highrisk population groups and particularly for international travellers to destinations where the risk of contracting typhoid fever is high. Vivotif(r) appears to be a powerful means of disease prevention, the importance of which is highlighted by the spread of antibiotic-resistant strains of Salmonella typhy (S. typhi).

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29962380,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31383000,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26030178

List types of cancer where TBC1 domain family member 16 (TBC1D16) is involved

TBC1D16 is a predictive marker for favorable prognosis of Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). In addition, a short isoform of TBC1D16 (TBC1D16-47KD) exacerbates melanoma growth and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo.TBC1 domain family member 16 (Tbc1D16) is involved in several types of cancer. These include epithelial ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, adenocarcinoma, colorectal cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and oral squamous cell carcinoma.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25107588,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21417773

What does osanetant and talnetant have in common?

Osanetant and talnetant are selective NK3 antagonists. Preclinical and Phase II clinical results of osanetant and talnetant in schizophrenic patients have indicated that NK(3) antagonists may provide significant improvement of the positive symptoms and cognitive impairment associated with this disorder.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28376086

List SLC25A46-related pathologies

The mitochondrial protein SLC25A46 has been recently identified as a novel pathogenic cause in a wide spectrum of neurological diseases, including inherited optic atrophy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2, Leigh syndrome, progressive myoclonic ataxia and lethal congenital pontocerebellar hypoplasia.The mitochondrial protein SLC25A46 has been identified as a novel pathogenic cause in a wide spectrum of neurological diseases, including inherited optic atrophy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2, Leigh syndrome, progressive myoclonic ataxia, lethal congenital pontocerebellar hypoplasia and lethal neuropathologySLC25A46-related pathologies include Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2, Leigh syndrome, progressive myoclonic ataxia, lethal congenital pontocerebellar hypoplasia, autosomal dominant optic atrophy, Menkes disease, hyper-IgM with immunodeficiency syndrome (HIGM), and anterior pituitary aplasia.SLC25A46-related pathologies include optic atrophy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2, Leigh syndrome, progressive myoclonic ataxia and lethal congenital ptacerebellar hypoplasia.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30341990,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30187471,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31710104,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30917684,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29310444,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29432219,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30378008,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29691490,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31043785,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29089894,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29255900,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31253091,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29697153,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29848108,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31482569,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31291515

What is the target of galcanezumab?

Galcanezumab is a monoclonal antibody against calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), is one of a novel class of new medicines for migraine prevention.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28087823,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18705933,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22855862,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22110554,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19386884,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30801621,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25684164

Which disease was studied in the CADISS trial?

CADISS was a prospective multicentre randomised-controlled trial in acute (within 7 days of onset) carotid and vertebral artery dissection.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2564419,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2451706,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19319518,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2164822

What is the human RCA locus size in bps?

The human RCA locus is located on chromosome 1 (CA1) and consists of approximately 750 kb.Genome and expressed sequence tag information of Xenopus tropicalis suggested that short-consensus repeat (SCR)-containing proteins are encoded by three genes that are mapped within a 300-kb downstream of PFKFB2, which is a marker gene for the regulator of complement activation (RCA) loci in human and chickenThe locus containing the ribosomal protein A (RCA) gene is located at a perinuclear structure 3 kb from the left end and 610 kb in bps, leaving a footprint of 7.4 kb on chromosome 1.The human RCA locus is located on chromosome 1q21-32 and measures approximately 2-3 kb in bps.The human RCA locus is located on chromosome 1q21-32 and consists of approximately 150 tandemly repeated copies of a 9.1 kb locus.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27869820

Is there a role for TET proteins in invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT) cell fate?

Yes. Tet2-TET proteins regulate the lineage specification and TCR-mediated expansion of iNKT cells. TETs are ubiquitously expressed and play diverse roles in gene regulation, imprinting, insulation, intra/interchromosomal interactions, nuclear compartmentalisation, and alternative splicing. Depletion of Tet2 and its ligand, Tet3, from mouse CD4CD8 double-positive thymus-derived cardiomyocytes (iNKT) resulted in dysregulated development and proliferation, with increased expression of tumour suppressor genes and decreasedYes. TET proteins regulate iNKT cell fate by ensuring their proper development and maturation and by suppressing aberrant proliferation mediated by the T cell antigen receptor (TCR).Yes. Tet2-Tet3 double-knocked-out (DKO) iNKT cells displayed pronounced skew toward the NKT17 lineage, with increased DNA methylation and impaired expression of genes encoding the key lineage-specifying factors T-bet and ThPok. Moreover, simultaneous deletion of Tet2 and Tet3 in mouse CD4CD8 double-positive thymocytes resulted in dysregulated development and proliferation of the non-classical major histocomponent complex (MHC) CD1d, which presents lipid antigens to T-cell-derivedYes. Tet2-Tet3 proteins regulate the lineage specification and TCR-mediated expansion of iNKT cells. Indeed, deletion of Tet2 and Tet3 in mouse CD4CD8 double-positive thymus cells resulted in dysregulated development and proliferation of the non-classical major histocompromised T cell antigen receptor (MHC) protein CD1d, which presents lipid antigens to iNKB-derived cells. Moreover, overexpression of TET1 and TET3 in Drosophila melanogaster T cells (iNYes. Tet2-Tet3 double-knockout (DKO) cells displayed pronounced skewing toward the NKT17 lineage, with increased DNA methylation and impaired expression of genes encoding the key lineage-specifying factors T-bet and ThPOK. Mutations in exon 2 interfere with the synthesis of the full-length isoform of Tet2 and lead to the production of a shortened isoform, Tet2s. These mutations have been found in human natural killer T cells (iNKTs), the most common type of innate immune cells.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25875477,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29987587,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27101446,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16942452,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18650612,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15806042,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20422701,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27832680,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29100751,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24165606,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22487815,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27836742,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30377760,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28549753,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31365637

What is the purpose of the Sunnybrook Facial Grading System?

The Sunnybrook facial grading system is applied to evaluate facial function in patients with facial palsy.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18187506,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11463840,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21799257

What is the function of the PDZ domain in SATB1?

N-terminal PDZ-like domain of chromatin organizer SATB1 contributes towards its function as transcription regulator. We found this dimerization region to have sequence similarity to PDZ domains, which have been previously shown to be involved in signaling by conferring protein-protein interactions. These studies clearly demonstrated the role of PDZ domain of SATB1 in global gene regulation presumably through its interaction with other cellular proteins. PDZ domain-mediated dimerization and homeodomain-directed specificity are required for high-affinity DNA binding by SATB1.N-terminal PDZ-like domain of chromatin organizer SATB1 contributes towards its function as transcription regulator. Binding studies using HD-lacking SATB1 and binding target with increased spacer between the two half-sites led us to propose a model for SATB1-DNA complex in which the HDs bind in an antiparallel fashion to the palindromic consensus element via minor groove, bridged by the PDZ-like dimerization domain SATB1 cleavage by caspase 6 disrupts PDZ domain-mediated dimerization, causing detachment from chromatin early in T-cell apoptosis. PDZ domain-mediated dimerization and homeodomain-directed specificity are required for high-affinity DNA binding by SATB1. These studies clearly demonstrated the role of PDZ domain of SATB1 in global gene regulation presumably through its interaction with other cellular proteins. We found this dimerization region to have sequence similarity to PDZ domains, which have been previously shown to be involved in signaling by conferring protein-protein interactions. PDZ domain-mediated dimerization and homeodomain-directed specificity are required for high-affinity DNA binding by SATB1.We found this dimerization region to have sequence similarity to PDZ domains, which have been previously shown to be involved in signaling by conferring protein-protein interactions. SATB1 cleavage by caspase 6 disrupts PDZ domain-mediated dimerization, causing detachment from chromatin early in T-cell apoptosis. PDZ domain-mediated dimerization and homeodomain-directed specificity are required for high-affinity DNA binding by SATB1. Binding studies using HD-lacking SATB1 and binding target with increased spacer between the two half-sites led us to propose a model for SATB1-DNA complex in which the HDs bind in an antiparallel fashion to the palindromic consensus element via minor groove, bridged by the PDZ-like dimerization domain N-terminal PDZ-like domain of chromatin organizer SATB1 contributes towards its function as transcription regulator. These studies clearly demonstrated the role of PDZ domain of SATB1 in global gene regulation presumably through its interaction with other cellular proteins.We found this dimerization region to have sequence similarity to PDZ domains, which have been previously shown to be involved in signaling by conferring protein-protein interactions. SATB1 cleavage by caspase 6 disrupts PDZ domain-mediated dimerization, causing detachment from chromatin early in T-cell apoptosis.The PDZ domain is a cytoplasmic protein domain found in histone H3 lysine 27 and it is essential for PDZ-mediated ubiquitination of SATB1.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26206992,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2475643,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28814502,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28117435,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27028652,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6310570,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23384308,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19793827,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6888541,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29035746,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29511054

What cellular process is the protein clathrin involved in?

Clathrin is a central regulator of endocytosis in all eukaryotes that plays a role in bacterial and plastid differentiationReceptor-mediated endocytosis proceeds by transfer of receptor-ligand complexes from clathrin-coated pits at the cell surface to uncoated endocytic vesicles termed receptosomes (or endosomes). while clathrin mediated endocytosis wClathrin is a central regulator of endocytosis in all eukaryotes that plays a critical role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasiswhile clathrin mediated endocytosis w. Receptor-mediated endocytosis proceeds by transfer of receptor-ligand complexes from clathrin-coated pits at the cell surface to uncoated endocytic vesicles termed receptosomes (or endosomes).Receptor-mediated endocytosis proceeds by transfer of receptor-ligand complexes from clathrin-coated pits at the cell surface to uncoated endocytic vesicles termed receptosomes (or endosomes)Clathrin plays a critical role in endocytosis and in doing so is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasisReceptor-mediated endocytosis proceeds by transfer of receptor-ligand complexes from clathrin-coated pits at the cell surface to uncoated endocytic vesicles termed receptosomes (or endosomes).Clathrin plays a critical role in endocytosis and in many other cellular processes

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30310156

Thymoquinone is ineffective against radiation induced enteritis, yes or no?

No, Thymoquinone has been found to be effective against radiation induced enteritisn this study, we found that thymoquinone (TQ) could mitigate intestinal damages induced by irradiation. thymoquinone (tq ) could mitigate intestinal damages induced by irradiationn this study, we found that thymoquinone (TQ) could mitigate intestinal damages induced by irradiation.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29136219,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23815411,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22661649,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28968848

Which are the databases for intrinsic protein disorders?

Intrinsic disorder (ID), i.e. the lack of a unique folded conformation at physiological conditions, is a common feature for many proteins, which requires specialized biochemical experiments that are not high-throughput. DisProt and MobiDB are databases for intrinsic protein disorders.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23105285,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23105292,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16148123

List the 5 different human immunoglobulin heavy chains.

The 5 human immunoglobulin heavy chains are Alpha, Delta Epsilon, Gamma and Muusing heavy chain specific gamma, alpha, mu, delta and epsilon

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30142572,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22967978,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19385726

Has the Spanich flu virus been reconstructed?

Tes, Reconstruction of the 1918 influenza virus has facilitated considerable advancements in our understanding of this extraordinary pandemic virus.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29443107,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28497783,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29043625

What is the basis of the BLISS technique?

Here we present Breaks Labeling In Situ and Sequencing (BLISS), a versatile and quantitative method for genome-wide profiling of DNA double-strand breaks.Breaks Labeling In Situ and Sequencing (BLISS) is a versatile and quantitative method for genome-wide profiling of DNA double-strand breaks.BLISS is a versatile and quantitative method for genome-wide profiling of DNA double-strand breaks. A recent method, BLISS, uses photoreactive nucleotides to crosslink RBPs to target RNAs in cells prior to immunoprecipitation.BLISS is a versatile and quantitative method for genome-wide profiling of DNA double-strand breaks.BLISS is a versatile and quantitative method for genome-wide profiling of DNA double-strand breaks. Recently, we have further expanded the quantitative nature, applicability, and scalability of BLESS by developing Breaks Labeling In Situ and Sequencing (BLISS). Breaks Labeling In Situ and Sequencing (BLISS), featuring the following: (1) direct labelling of DSBs in fixed cells or tissue sections on a solid surface; (2) low-input requirement by linear amplification of tagged DSBs by in vitro transcription; (3) quantification of DSBs through unique molecular identifiers; and (4) easy scalability and multiplexing.BLISS is a versatile and quantitative method for genome-wide profiling of DNA double-strand breaks. Breaks Labeling In Situ and Sequencing (BLISS), featuring the following: (1) direct labelling of DSBs in fixed cells or tissue sections on a solid surface; (2) low-input requirement by linear amplification of tagged DSBs by in vitro transcription; (3) quantification of DSBs through unique molecular identifiers; and (4) easy scalability and multiplexing.bliss is a versatile and quantitative method for genome-wide profiling of dna double-strand breaksBLISS is a versatile and quantitative method for genome-wide profiling of DNA double-strand breaks. Breaks Labeling In Situ and Sequencing (BLISS), featuring the following: (1) direct labelling of DSBs in fixed cells or tissue sections on a solid surface; (2) low-input requirement by linear amplification of tagged DSBs by in vitro transcription; (3) quantification of DSBs through unique molecular identifiers; and (4) easy scalability and multiplexing. Recently, we have further expanded the quantitative nature, applicability, and scalability of BLESS by developing Breaks Labeling In Situ and Sequencing (BLISS)BLISS (Breaks Labeling In Situ and Sequencing) is a versatile and quantitative method for genome-wide profiling of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). It uses a novel Bayesian approach which represents continuous allele frequencies for both the endogenous and endogenous DSBs, while leveraging the endogenous Cpf1 methyltransferase activity of the zinc cluster as a template.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28977601,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26653113,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28380486,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27636018

List 3 NK3R antagonists.

NK3 receptor antagonists include MLE4901 (also known as AZD4901), SB222200 and ESN364.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31423903,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31387606,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28749667,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29719179,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30970186,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30347431

Is Verubecestat effective for Alzheimer's Disease?

No. Verubecestat did not reduce cognitive or functional decline in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease and was associated with treatment-related adverse events.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12917902,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11730442,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12849400,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12365832

Is Aptiganel effective for treatment of stroke?

No. Aptiganel is not efficacious in patients with acute ischemic stroke and may be harmful.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15824372

Is indinavir effective for treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?

No, indinavir is not effective for treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23459379,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30880270,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16193392,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17243137,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23690411,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17190987,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19179425,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24767145,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20634481,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20207611,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28775249,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21671360,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22522336

Is there an increased risk for meningiomas in childhood leukemia survivors?

Yes, the risk of meningiomas is higher in children treated with cranial irradiation for leukemia.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28892148,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31053780

List the clinical characteristics of the Smith-Kingsmore syndrome (SKS)

Smith-Kingsmore syndrome (SKS) OMIM #616638, also known as MINDS syndrome (ORPHA 457485), is a rare autosomal dominant disorder reported so far in 23 patients. SKS is characterized by intellectual disability, macrocephaly/hemi/megalencephaly, and seizures. It is also associated with a pattern of facial dysmorphology and other non-neurological features.Smith-Kingsmore syndrome (SKS) OMIM #616638, also known as MINDS syndrome (ORPHA 457485), is a rare autosomal dominant disorder reported so far in 23 patients. SKS is characterized by intellectual disability, macrocephaly/hemi/megalencephaly, and seizures. It is also associated with a pattern of facial dysmorphology and other non-neurological features.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23593142

What is ORMD-0801?

ORMD-0801 is an oral insulin capsule. Treatment with ORMD-0801 was associated with a significant 24.4% reduction in the frequencies of glucose readings >200 mg/dL (60.1 +- 7.9% pretreatment vs. 45.4 +- 4.9% during ORMD-0801 treatment; p = 0.023) and a significant mean 16.6% decrease in glucose area under the curve (AUC) (66055 +- 5547 mg/dL/24 hours vs. 55060 +- 3068 mg/dL/24 hours, p = 0.023), with a greater decrease during the early evening hours. When used in conjunction with subcutaneous insulin injections, ORMD-0801 was well tolerated and effectively reduced glycemia throughout the day.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23144237

Does saracatinib promote oncogenesis?

No, saracatinib has antitumor activity.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30040823

Is BCL11B involved in schizophrenia?

Yes, BCL11B is associated with attention, memory, executive function and antipsychotic-induced schizophrenia.Yes. SATB2 is associated with schizophrenia and is an important transcription factor regulating neocortical organization and circuitry. Rare mutations in SATB2 cause a syndrome that includes developmental delay, and mouse studies identify an important role for SATB2 in learning and memory. Interacting partners BCL11B and GATAD2A are also schizophrenia risk genes.Yes. Exome sequencing studies have identified multiple genes harboring de novo loss-of-function (LoF) variants in individuals with schizophrenia, including BCL11B, a master regulator of cortical development, in patients with schizophrenia. BCL 11B is involved in the development of the central nervous system, and its deficiency or pharmacological neutralization may contribute to the onset of schizophrenia.Yes. BCL11B is a transcriptional repressor essential for schizophrenia.Yes. BCL11B is associated with early as well as with late onset schizophrenia.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31698547,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26306821,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28751258,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28910367,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27875637,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26948950,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19378813,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29185072

What is Synucleinopathy?

Synucleinopathy is an autosomal-dominant disease characterised by misfolding of presynaptic synuclein and the formation of Lewy bodies with ubiquitin-ligase activity.Synucleinopathies (also called a-Synucleinopathies) are neurodegenerative diseases characterised by the abnormal accumulation of aggregates of alpha-synuclein protein in neurons, nerve fibres or glial cells.Synucleinopathy is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the degeneration of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) dopaminergic neurones and the formation of Lewy neurites in central nervous systemSynucleinopathy is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive degeneration of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) dopaminergic neurones and the formation of Lewy bodies in a proportion of the remaining neurones.The accumulation of abnormal a-synuclein is the major histopathological feature of Lewy body disease and multiple system atrophy (MSA), which are referred to as synucleinopathies.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24900670,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29627873,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25580263,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29500302,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31558140,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28990207,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29576505,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31603362,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31290453,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25924727,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29310513,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26856814,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23764350,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29110882,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31009359,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29138536,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29205338,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29556671,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25223691,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31144287,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28752787,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29735753,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27566665

Which receptor is modulated with Siponimod?

Siponimod is a functional sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) antagonist.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29495551,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29655214,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29563201,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28202592,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28192435,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29351657

What is a zoonotic virus?

A zoonotic disease is a disease that can be passed from animals to humans. Zoonotic viruses may adapt to a human host eventually becoming endemic in humans, but before doing so punctuated outbreaks of the zoonotic virus may be observed.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27621150

Which drug is the first oral ghrelin receptor inverse agonist to be profiled in healthy subjects?

PF-05190457 is the first oral ghrelin receptor inverse agonist to be profiled in healthy subjects.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28837371,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21652721,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28933601,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25788266,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28525743,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17626100,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28174254,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25284786,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30483785

What is the function of BRD4?

As a member of the bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) family, BRD4 (bromodomain containing 4) can bind to acetylated histones and transcription factors, and is also able to recruit various transcriptional regulators. As transcriptional coactivator, BRD4 represses autophagy and lysosomal function.Our recent study revealed that autophagy programs are transcriptionally suppressed by the BET family protein BRD4.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27425792

What is the protective efficacy of vaxchora against moderate to severe cholera?

The protective efficacy of vaxchora against moderate to severe cholera is 80-100%.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30155952

What is minodixil approved for?

Minoxidil is the only topical drug approved for the treatment of both female and male pattern hair loss. In the US, minoxidil is approved over-the-counter (OTC) at a maximum concentration of 5%.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29787442,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20569256,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29531473,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19956182,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23691737,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26695891,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16506213,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28230825

Are Chernobyl survivors at increased risk for breast cancer?

Yes, Chernobyl survivors are at increased risk for breast cancer.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22623106

What is AZD0530 an inhibitor of?

AZD0530 is a highly selective, dual Src/Abl kinase inhibitor.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17652321,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16371359,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15618465

Is SATB1 necessary for T-cell maturation?

Special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1 (SATB1) regulates gene expression essential in immune T-cell maturation and switching of fetal globin species, by binding to matrix attachment regions (MARs) of DNA and inducing a local chromatin remodeling.Yes. SATB1 is an essential factor for the regulation of T-cell maturation.Special AT-rich binding protein 1 (SATB1) nuclear protein, expressed predominantly in T cells, regulates genes through targeting chromatin remodeling during T-cell maturation. SATB1 is a transcriptional regulator controlling the gene expression that is essential in the maturation of the immune T-cell.Special AT-rich binding protein 1 (SATB1) nuclear protein, expressed predominantly in T cells, regulates genes through targeting chromatin remodeling during T-cell maturation. the transcription factor SATB1 that regulates the T-cell maturation SATB1 is a transcriptional regulator controlling the gene expression that is essential in the maturation of the immune T-cell.Yes, SATB1 is necessary for T-cell maturation.Yes. SATB1 is an essential regulator of T-cell maturation.Yes, SATB1 is required for T-cell maturation.SATB1 is a transcriptional regulator controlling the gene expression that is essential in the maturation of the immune T-cell. Special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1 (SATB1) regulates gene expression essential in immune T-cell maturation and switching of fetal globin species, by binding to matrix attachment regions (MARs) of DNA and inducing a local chromatin remodeling.Yes. SATB1 is associated with the late-M-to-early-G1 phase of T-cell maturation and its activation correlates with histone H3 hyperacetylation, DNA methylation, and chromatin reorganization at the transcriptional level, while it is involved in the early stages of T cell differentiation into the erythroid lineage.yes, SATB1 is a transcriptional regulator controlling the gene expression that is essential in the maturation of the immune T-cell. Special AT-rich binding protein 1 (SATB1) nuclear protein, expressed predominantly in T cells, regulates genes through targeting chromatin remodeling during T-cell maturation.Special AT-rich binding protein 1 (SATB1) nuclear protein, expressed predominantly in T cells, regulates genes through targeting chromatin remodeling during T-cell maturation. the transcription factor SATB1 that regulates the T-cell maturationthe transcription factor SATB1 that regulates the T-cell maturation. SATB1 is a transcriptional regulator controlling the gene expression that is essential in the maturation of the immune T-cell.Special AT-rich binding protein 1 (SATB1) nuclear protein, expressed predominantly in T cells, regulates genes through targeting chromatin remodeling during T-cell maturation. Special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1 (SATB1) regulates gene expression essential in immune T-cell maturation and switching of fetal globin species, by binding to matrix attachment regions (MARs) of DNA and inducing a local chromatin remodeling.the transcription factor SATB1 that regulates the T-cell maturation Special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1 (SATB1) regulates gene expression essential in immune T-cell maturation and switching of fetal globin species, by binding to matrix attachment regions (MARs) of DNA and inducing a local chromatin remodeling.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29601592,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17448252,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2702688

For how long do Drosophila embryos use maternal genome mRNA?

mitoses before interphase 14 run on maternal products and occur in metasynchronous wavesbefore interphase 14Mitoses before interphase 14 run on maternal products, and occur in metasynchronous waves. In many animals, the first few hours of life proceed with little or no transcription, and developmental regulation at these early stages is dependent on maternal cytoplasm rather than the zygotic nucleus.Mitoses before interphase 14 run on maternal products, and occur in metasynchronous waves.In Drosophila embryogenesis mitoses before interphase 14 run on maternal products, and occur in metasynchronous waves.Mitoses before interphase 14 run on maternal products, and occur in metasynchronous waves. An exceptional case of Nos-independent regulation by Pum has been described-repression of maternal bicoid (bcd) m RNA at the anterior pole of the early embryo, dependent on both Pum and conserved Pum binding sites in the 3'- UTR of the m RNA

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29616494,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31612482,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31284729,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31302899,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28736918,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30276500,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30963506,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30793254,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30235976,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29432219,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29571276,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29691490,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30360965,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29406534,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29471679,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29171821,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29263689,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29968151,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30813769,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30142988,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30614741

What is the use of erenumab?

Erenumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist-for the prevention of migraine. CGRP is a vasodilatory neuropeptide implicated in the pathophysiology of migraine and treatment with erenumab was associated with significant reductions in migraine frequency in phase II and III clinical trials. Based on these positive results erenumab was recently approved in the US for the preventive treatment of migraine in adults and has received a positive opinion in the EU for the prophylaxis of migraines in adults who have at least 4 migraine days per month. Conclusions As a preventive treatment of episodic migraine, erenumab at a dosage of 70 mg monthly significantly reduced migraine frequency and acute migraine-specific medication use.