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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28536100,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31229240,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31258629,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32440095,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32297819,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31862477,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30825104,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31602563,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30926949,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32943455,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31213500,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31240240,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31848580,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32306101,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32617868,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30002809 | What is targeted by Pexidartinib? | Pexidartinib is a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor against CSF1R. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26757840,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27808584,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24627581,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30298433 | What is the microgenderome? | The sexually dimorphic microbiome has been termed the 'microgenderome'. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27904243,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21498981,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8666325,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26015697,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29187150,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24834192,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30441460,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26052974,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14765767,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30266131 | What causes yellowing of the skin and eyes, also known as jaundice, in patients with liver failure? | Jaundice refers to yellow coloration of the skin and the sclera (white of the eyes) of newborn babies that result from the accumulation of bilirubin in the skin and mucous membranes. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18347094,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31033094,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23063976,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20951344,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17018284,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23090119,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30631148,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22007134,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25832347,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23505158,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22270545,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22573616,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19074834,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18467660,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21285352,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11524435,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23492770,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24648413,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24832538,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25375219,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28346462,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23658527 | Is Tcf3 associated with the Wnt pathway? | Tcf3 is a component of the Wnt/β-catenin and Notch signaling pathways.TCF3, a novel positive regulator of osteogenesis, plays a crucial role in modulating the diverse effect of canonical Wnt signaling. We found that in contrast to ES cells, where it represses Wnt-pathway target genes, TCF3 promotes the expression of a subset of Wnt-responsive genes in breast cancer cells.A terminal component of the canonical Wnt pathway in ES cells, the transcription factor T-cell factor-3 (Tcf3) co-occupies promoters throughout the genome in association with the pluripotency regulators Oct4 and Nanog . Overexpression of TCF3 (transcription factor 3) attenuated the effect of miR-17 on modulating Wnt signaling .Yes, Tcf3 is associated with the WNT pathway. The Wnt pathway is a part of the pluripotency regulator Oct4 and Nanog. It's a family of transcription factors that regulate the growth of cells.Yes, Tcf3 is associated with the WNT pathway. The Wnt pathway is a part of the pluripotency regulator Oct4 and Nanog. It regulates the growth and differentiation of cells.Yes, Tcf3 is associated with the Wnt pathway.Yes, Tcf3 is associated with the WNT pathway. The Wnt pathway is a part of the pluripotency regulator Oct4 and Nanog.Yes, Tcf3 is associated with the WNT pathway. The Wnt pathway is a part of the pluripotency regulator Oct4 and Nanog. It's a family of transcription factors that regulate the growth and differentiation of cells.A terminal component of the canonical Wnt pathway in ES cells, the transcription factor T-cell factor-3 (Tcf3), co-occupies promoters throughout the genome in association with the pluripotency regulators Oct4 and Nanog . The noncanonical Wnt signaling pathway, through actions of Tcf3, can antagonize the canonical pathway .Yes. Tcf3 is associated with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.Yes, Tcf3 is associated with the WNT pathway. The Wnt pathway is a part of the pluripotency regulator Oct4 and Nanog. It's a family of transcription factors that regulate the growth and differentiation of pluripotent cells.Yes, TCF3 is a key transcription factor of the canonical Wnt pathway.Yes, Tcf3 is involved in the activation of the Wnt pathway. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29790933 | Have the rotavirus vaccines changed the predominant rotavirus genotypes? | The increased diversity and differences in genotype dominance observed in states using RotaTeq (G12P[8]), and in states and territories using Rotarix (equine-like G3P[8] and G2P[4]), suggest that these vaccines exert different immunological pressures that influence the diversity of rotavirus strains. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32453716,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29159890 | Which syndrome is caused by dysfunction of the ciliary ARMC9/TOGARAM1 protein? | Dysfunction of the ciliary ARMC9/TOGARAM1 protein module causes Joubert syndrome.Dysfunction of the ciliary ARMC9/TOGARAM1 protein causes Joubert syndrome.Joubert syndrome (JBTS) is a recessive neurodevelopmental disorder caused by dysfunction of the ciliary ARMC9/TOGARAM1 protein.Dysfunction of the ciliary ARMC9/TOGARAM1 protein module causes Joubert syndrome. All known JBTS genes encode proteins involved in the structure or function of primary cilia, ubiquitous antenna-like organelles essential for cellular signal transduction.Joubert syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by dysfunction of the ciliary ARMC9/TOGARAM1 protein.Dysfunction of the ciliary ARMC9/TOGARAM1 protein module causes Joubert syndrome. Joubert syndrome (JBTS) is a recessive neurodevelopmental ciliopathy characterized by a pathognomonic hindbrain malformation.Joubert syndrome (JBTS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by dysfunction of the ciliary ARMC9/TOGARAM1 protein. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21831864,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25052516,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19018153,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31235364,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24157736,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28809584,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26598533,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30020493,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24569470,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29717567,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32759481,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19551621 | Does head ct increase brain tumor risk? | Yes, there appears to be a small but higher than expected lifetime risk of secondary brain tumors in persons who underwent CT scans during childhood. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29511076,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30275474 | Which main viral protein is targeted by the drug remdesivir? | Viral Susceptibility to the Antiviral Remdesivir (GS-5734) Is Mediated by the Viral Polymerase and the Proofreading Exoribonuclease. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28407921,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32041931,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27742734 | What can be isolated from Pleurotus mutilus? | Pleuromutilins are antibiotics, isolated from the fungus, Pleurotus mutilus, that selectively inhibit bacterial translation and are semisynthetic derivatives of the naturally occurring tricyclic diterpenoid pleuromutilins. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23154415,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27924227,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27019633,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23719282,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30349051,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27732856,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32367046,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30413530,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23954875,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29056334,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24905168,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27392793,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24931607,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27292645,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24338594,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30567463,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27920151,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21062744 | Which type of pluripotency is Otx2 associated with? | transcription factor Otx2 acts as a negative switch in the regulation of transition from naive to primed pluripotency. Otx2 and Oct4 drive early activation during embryonic stem cell transition from naive pluripotency.Otx2 is an intrinsic determinant of the embryonic stem cell state and is required to stabilize the EpiSC state by suppressing the mesendoderm-to-neural fate switch by suppressing BMP4 and FGf2.The transcription factor Otx2 acts as a negative switch in the regulation of transition from naive to primed pluripotency in mouse pluripotent stem cells. Otx2 is an intrinsic determinant of the embryonic stem cell state and is required for transition to a stable epiblast stem cell condition.Otx2 is an intrinsic determinant of the embryonic stem cell state and is required to stabilize the EpiSC state by suppressing the Mesendoderm to Neuron fate switch.The transcription factor Otx2 acts as a negative switch in the regulation of transition from naive to primed pluripotency in mouse pluripotent stem cells.Otx2 is an intrinsic determinant of the embryonic stem cell state and is required to stabilize the EpiSC state by suppressing the mesendoderm-to-neural fate switch by suppressing BMP4 and FGf2. The transcription factor OTX2 acts as a negative switch in the regulation of transition from naive to primed pluripotency.Otx2 is required to maintain the ESC metastable state by antagonizing ground state pluripotency and promoting commitment to differentiation. Furthermore, Otx2 is required for ESC transition into EpiSCs and, subsequently, to stabilize the EpiSC state by suppressing, in pluripotent cells, the mesendoderm-to-neural fate switch in cooperation with BMP4 and Fgf2. Otx2 is a novel intrinsic determinant controlling the functional integrity of ESCs and EpiSCs. Otx2 and Oct4 drive early enhancer activation during embryonic stem cell transition from naive pluripotency.Otx2 is an intrinsic determinant of the embryonic stem cell state and is required to stabilize the EpiSC state by suppressing the mesendoderm-to-neural fate switch. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28035551 | Can AGY be used as antidiuretic replacement therapy? | No, AGY is an oral egg yolk anti-gliadin antibody used to neutralize gluten. It is used in patients with celiac disease. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32442410 | What is caused by de novo sox6 variants? | SOX6 belongs to a family of 20 SRY-related HMG-box-containing (SOX) genes that encode transcription factors controlling cell fate and differentiation in many developmental and adult processes. De novo variants of the SOX6 gene have been identified in a large family with a complex phenotype variably associating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with craniosynostosis, hearing impairment, developmental delay and carpal and tarsal fusions.De novo SOX6 variants cause a neurodevelopmental syndrome associated with ADHD, Craniosynostosis, and Osteochondromas. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2028149,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10845210,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29526937,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31088835,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12853693,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17583602,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23227384,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14714135,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32938807,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29713762,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15685439,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22102955,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18373067,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32649812,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23571774,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9810442,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17786001 | Can secondary glioblastoma be caused by brain irradiation? | Yes, brain irradiation can cause secondary glioblastoma. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28837386,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29686608,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30027903 | Is aggrephagy a variant of autophagy? | Yes,
the selective branch of autophagy that deals with identification, capture and degradation of protein aggregates is called aggrephagy. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27639389,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3560450,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29958715,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3227315,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28031957,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8735716,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29088730,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27755584,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29981282,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32802553,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29499994,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4030394,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1355324,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7679772,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3166398,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28938239,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30324575,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27599872,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28297729 | List the blood group antigens, associated with blood type | ABO antigens are highly abundant in many human cell types, including platelets, vascular endotheliums, and red blood cells.The blood group antigens, associated with blood type, are: ab, von willebrand factor, o, a, de ritis, rhesus, b, factor viii, rresus d, platelets and abo.ABO antigens are highly abundant in many human cell types, including platelets, vascular endothelium, and red blood cells.The blood group antigens, associated with blood type, are: ab, von willebrand factor, o, a, de ritis, rhesus, b, factor vii, platelets. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9012519,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9114030,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11867225,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9744863,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12324650,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10828050,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2040696,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16189270,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10220430,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2362805,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11567985 | How many DNaseI hypersensitive sites (DHS) mark the murine beta globin locus region? | The expression of genes both from the endogenous locus and from transgenes is strongly influenced by a linked 15-kilobase region of clustered DNaseI hypersensitive sites (HSs) known as the locus control region (LCR) Targeted deletion of 5'HS1 and 5’HS4 of the beta-globin locus Control region reveals additive activity of the sites . The LCR is composed of a series of 5 DNase . sites (5'HSs), that form in the nucleus of erythroid precursors .Mammalian beta-globin loci are composed of multiple orthologous genes whose expression is erythroid specific and developmentally regulated. The expression of these genes both from the endogenous locus and from transgenes is strongly influenced by a linked 15-kilobase region of clustered DNaseI hypersensitive sites (HSs) known as the locus control region (LCR). The LCR encompasses 5 major HSs, each of which is highly homologous among humans, mice, and other mammals. The LCR encompasses 6 DNaseI hypersensitive sites (HSs) that bind transcription factors.Mammalian beta-globin loci is composed of multiple orthologous genes whose expression is erythroid specific and developmentally regulated . Globin gene expression is regulated by a linked 15-kilobase region of clustered DNaseI hypersensitive sites (HSs) known as the locus control region (LCR) The LCR encompasses 5 major HSs, each of which is highly homologous among humans, mice, and other mammals .The expression of genes both from the endogenous locus and from transgenes is strongly influenced by a linked 15-kilobase region of clustered DNaseI hypersensitive sites (HSs) known as the locus control region (LCR) The LCR is composed of a series of 5 DNase . sites (5'HSs), that form in the nucleus of erythroid precursors . In the chromatin of the epsilon globin gene, four DNase. sites that are located 6-18kb 5' of the . epsilon, Ggamma, Agamma, delta, beta .Mammalian beta-globin expression is strongly influenced by a linked 15-kilobase region of clustered DNaseI hypersensitive sites (HSs) known as the locus control region (LCR). The LCR encompasses 5 major HSs, termed 5'HS1-5, located 6-22 Kb upstream of the epsilon-globin gene, each of which is highly homologous among humans, mice, and other mammals.Mammalian beta-globin loci are composed of multiple orthologous genes whose expression is erythroid specific and developmentally regulated. Globin gene expression is regulated, in part, by the locus control region, which physically consists of five DNaseI-hypersensitive sites located 6-22 Kb upstream of the epsilon -globin gene.In the chromatin of erythroid cells the locus control region is characterized by four DNaseI hypersensitive sites that are located 6-18kb 5' of the epsilon globin gene . Expression of the five beta-like globin genes (epsilon, Ggamma, Agamma, delta, beta) in the human beta-globin locus depends on enhancement by a linked 15-kilobase region . |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33262810 | What is the outcome of COVID-19 patients treated with tocilizumab? | Preliminary clinical results have indicated that tocilizumab can improve the outcomes of patients with severe or critical COVID-19 while maintaining a good safety profile. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30354297 | Which loss-of-function ABCC8 mutation is associated with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH)? | A de novo novel heterozygous predicted deleterious missense variant c.G2873A (p.R958H) in ABCC8 in a child with idiopathic PAH. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30045955,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16235669,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12722174,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31974808,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28665251,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29385927,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28326650,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30363460,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31868685,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25247107,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29157315,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29376092,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31559624,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31323173,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30565036,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29777361,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10461102,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30122598,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25527389,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29330020,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31721077,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25471376,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30893720,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29929813,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29530725,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29382631,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28387629,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26982989,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17343274,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20457958,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24038576,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29481820,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28913163,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29293948 | Which disease is rated using the Fahn-Tolosa-Marin scale? | The Fahn-Tolosa-Marin clinical tremor rating scale is used for essential tremor. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29548989,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28426820 | List the core SNARE complex proteins. | VAMP2
Syntaxin
SNAP25 |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9691728,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28711436 | What is septicemia? | Septicemia occurs when a bacterial infection elsewhere in the body, such as the lungs or skin, enters the bloodstream. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28028313,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27550837,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32633635,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28652130,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29326336,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9507011,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14604958,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30145780,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22897851,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28179281,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23263491 | Which is the master oncogenic transcription factor in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia? | The oncogenic transcription factor TAL1/SCL induces an aberrant transcriptional program in T-cell Acute lymphoblastic Leukemia (T-ALL) cells.The oncogenic transcription factor TAL1/SCL induces an aberrant transcriptional program in T-Cell Acute lymphoblastic Leukemia (T-ALL) cells.The oncogenic transcription factor TAL1/SCL induces an aberrant transcriptional program in T-cell Acute lymphoblastic Leukemia (T-ALL) cells. It's not the master transcription factor, it's the oncogene.The oncogenic transcription factor TAL1/SCL induces an aberrant transcriptional program in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cells. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8801083 | List as many European influenza vaccines as possible. | Three split-virion vaccines (Vaxigrip, Begrivac, and Influsplit/Fluarix) and three subunit vaccines containing only viral surface glycoproteins (Influvac, Agrippal, and Fluvirin). |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26673713,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30496479,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24304894,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22013161 | What is canSAR? | canSAR (http://cansar.icr.ac.uk) is a public integrative cancer-focused knowledgebase for the support of cancer translational research and drug discovery. Through the integration of biological, pharmacological, chemical, structural biology and protein network data, it provides a single information portal to answer complex multidisciplinary questions including--among many others--and what is known about a protein, in which cancers is it expressed or mutated, and what chemical tools and cell line models can be used to experimentally probe its activity.canSAR (http://cansar.icr.ac.uk) is a freely available, multidisciplinary, cancer-focused knowledgebase developed to support cancer translational research and drug discovery . It integrates genomic, protein, pharmacological, drug and chemical data with structural biology, protein networks and unique, comprehensive and orthogonal 'druggability' assessments .canSAR (http://cansar.icr.ac.uk) is a public, freely available, integrative translational research and drug discovery knowlegebase. canSAR informs researchers to help solve key bottlenecks in cancer translation and drug discovery. It integrates genomic, protein, pharmacological, drug and chemical data with structural biology, protein networks and unique, comprehensive and orthogonal 'druggability' assessments. canSAR is widely used internationally by academia and industry.CanSAR (http://cansar.icr.ac.uk) is a public, freely available, integrative translational research and drug discovery knowledgebase. It integrates genomic, protein, pharmacological, drug and chemical data with structural biology, protein networks and unique, comprehensive and orthogonal 'druggability' assessment. canSAR is widely used worldwide by professors, biologists and scientists interested in the molecular biology of cancer, in particular with regard to translation-dependent and -independent pathways of cancer progression. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32038992,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33279177 | What is the mechanism of action of magrolimab? | Magrolimab is an anti-CD47 antibody with promising results for myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29115104,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29878242,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27722982 | List types of mutations. | point mutations
deletions
insertions
inversions
translocations |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11785652,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12767812,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30312728,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10480346,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25620423,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33202212,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30384340,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11180765,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16800251,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19279475,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18505086,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27993109,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21805036,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22505536,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11694782,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17867585,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16707458,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17536308,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29389942,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15173008,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15920544,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26545934,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27426127,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19048033,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15782071,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7612897,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21896992 | HER-2 belongs to what family of proteins? | Her-2 belongs to the family of the human epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs).HER-2 belongs to the human epidermal growth factor receptor family, which is a family of proteins that also includes EGF, EGF1, HER3, HER4, HER5, and HER6.HER-2 belongs to the human epidermal growth factor receptor family, which is a family of proteins that also includes EGF, EGF1, HER2, HER3, HER4, HER5, HER6, and HER8.HER-2 belongs to the human epidermal growth factor receptor family, which is a family of proteins that also includes EGF, EGF1, HER2, HER3, HER4, HER5, and HER6.HER-2 belongs to the human epidermal growth factor receptor family, which is a family of proteins that also includes EGF, EGF1, HER2, HER3, HER4, HER5, HER6, HER7, HER8, and HER9.HER-2 is also known as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and is a member of the Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family, members of which are: EGFR, HER2, HER3, and HER4.HER-2 belongs to the human epidermal growth factor receptor family, which is a family of proteins that also includes EGF, EGF1, HER2, HER3, HER4, HER5, HER6, HER7, and HER8.Her-2 belongs to the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (EGF) family of proteins.Herceptin-2 belongs to the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) family of proteins. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29411222,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26665003,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29887576,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12510367,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23961669,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29020515,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24611432,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24308717,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28638112,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11336570 | What is the chemical structure of Etanercept (ETN)? | Etanercept (ETN) is a soluble fusion protein of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) extracellular domain, linked to an Fc part of IgG1. It possesses three N- and 13 O-glycosylation sites, which form a complex with the plasma membrane protein Enbrel. Etanercept has been tested for treatment of solid cancers, including glioblastoma and neuroblastoma, and liver fibrosis.Etanercept (ETN) is a soluble fusion protein of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) extracellular domain, linked to an Fc part of IgG1. It possesses three N- and 13 O-glycosylation sites. Etanercept has the ability to bind to TNF-α and TGF-β, and thus is a potential novel therapeutic option for the treatment of cancer.Etanercept is a soluble fusion protein of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) extracellular domain, linked to an Fc part of IgG1. It possesses three N- and 13 O-glycosylation sites.Etanercept has the best retention rate in rheumatic diseases, but is less or not effective in granulomatous diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases or uveitis. Etanercept is a highly glycosylated therapeutic Fc-fusion protein that contains multiple N- and O-glycosylation sites.Etanercept has the best retention rate in rheumatic diseases, but is less or not effective in granulomatous diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases or uveitis. Etanercept is a highly glycosylated therapeutic Fc-fusion protein that contains multiple N- and O-glycosylation sites. Etanercept is a TNFα receptor Fc fusion protein used for the treatment of rheumatic disease and psoriasis. Etanercept is a soluble fusion protein of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) extracellular domain, linked to an Fc part of IgG1.Etanercept has the best retention rate in rheumatic diseases, but is less effective in granulomatous diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases or uveitis . It possesses three N- and 13 O-glycosylation sites, with multiple N-and-IgG1-N-G sites . It is a fusion protein, composed of the Fc portion of IgG1 and the extracellular domain of the TNF receptor . |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30876919,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29980576,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32370139,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31058442,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31816434,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28412711,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31171315,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26404390,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24741293,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30799358,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29649840,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32494334 | What does bDMARD stand for? | bDMARDs are biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32106218 | Is there any role of genotoxic pks + E. coli in cancer? | Yes. Genotoxic pks and E. Coli are known to cause mutations in the DNA of cells, which can lead to cancer.Yes. A distinct mutational signature in colorectal cancer was described which implies that the underlying mutational process results directly from past exposure to bacteria carrying the colibactin-producing pks pathogenicity island.Yes. Genotoxic pks and E. Coli are known to cause mutations in the DNA of cells, which can lead to cell death.Yes. Genotoxic pks and E. Coli are known to cause mutations in the DNA of cells, which can lead to cell death and cell death.Yes. Genotoxic pks and E. Coli are known to cause mutations in the DNA of cells, which can lead to cell death and cancer. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10978061,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18810661,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11781420 | Should tirilazad be used for treatment of ischemic stroke? | No. Tirilazad should not be used for treatment of stroke because it does not improve disease outcomes, but may increase death and disability. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26846354,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20194426,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21829453 | List the major families of Histones. | Five histone families (H1, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10400712,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19493999,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28508218,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9525637,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25683441,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24501400,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16325221,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10482624,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9568033,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25948749,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22892200,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29992955,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23707921,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25831513,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28601688 | Is the Paramyxovirus geneome segmented, negative-sense RNA? | The paramyxovirus family has a genome consisting of a SINGLE STRAND of negative sense RNAThe paramyxovirus family has a genome consisting of a single strand of negative sense RNA.The paramyxovirus family has a genome consisting of a single strand of negative sense RNA |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27869828 | Approximately how many genes are contained in the X chromosome's non-pseudoautosomal region (non-PAR)? | The total number of genes contained in the X chromosome's non- pseudoautosomal region (PAR) is 783.There are 783 non-pseudoautosomal region (PAR) X-chromosome genes.Six of 783 non-pseudoautosomal region (PAR) X-chromosome genes harbored loss-of-function mutations more frequently in males.There are 783 non-pseudoautosomal region X-chromosome genes harbored loss-of-function mutations more frequently in males.The number of genes contained in the X chromosome's non-pseudoautosomal region (non-PAR) is 783.The number of genes contained in the non- pseudo-autosomal region (PAR) X chromosome is 783. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31816434 | Does the use of bDMARDs during pregnancy impact neonatal development? | Exposure to bDMARDs during pregnancy does not seem to interfere with post-natal development up to infancy. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31949313 | Do exon 38 or 39 KMT2D missense variants cause Kabuki syndrome type 1 (KS1)? | No. The KMT2D missense variants do not cause KS1, they cause a different type of malformations disorder distinct from Kabuki syndrome.No. The KMT2D missense variants do not cause KS1, they cause a different type of malformations disorder distinct from Kabuki Syndrome.No. The KMT2D missense variants do not cause KS1. They cause a multiple malformations disorder distinct from Kabuki syndrome.No. The KMT2D missense variants do not cause KS1. They cause a different type of malformations disorder distinct from Kabuki Syndrome.No. The KMT2D missense variants do not cause KS1. They cause a multiple malformations disorder distinct from Kabuki Syndrome.No. KMT2D missense variants (MVs) located in a specific region spanning exons 38 and 39 and affecting highly conserved residues cause a novel multiple malformations syndrome distinct from Kabuki syndrome type 1 (KS1). Unlike KMT2D haploinsufficiency in KS1, these MVs likely result in disease through a dominant negative mechanism. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29518851,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31998424,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29789691,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30050090,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32967411,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30220140,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27321086,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29394959,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31196834,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29055261,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33222029,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32842224,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30233849,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28064432 | The NoSAS Score can be used for screening of which disorders? | The NoSAS score can be used for screening of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, Sleep-Disordered Breathing and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14018845,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17932453,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20172548,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6178494,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28275551,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27408358,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11976824,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29423966,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25973391,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31916730,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30127341,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17077438,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28782868,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16529294,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22486321,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29665107,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29406610,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8203057 | What is the chromosomal abnormality associated with Klinefelter Syndrome | About 1 in 650 boys are born with an extra X chromosome (47,XXY or Klinefelter syndrome). 47,XXYAbout 1 in 650 boys are born with an extra X chromosome (47,XXY or Klinefelter syndrome) |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24850885 | What distinguishes RIDLs from other transpozable elements? | Here, we link these two concepts by proposing that exonic TEs act as RNA domains that are essential for lncRNA function. We term such elements Repeat Insertion Domains of LncRNAs (RIDLs).One class of sequence elements that is enriched in lncRNA is represented by transposable elements (TEs), repetitive mobile genetic sequences that have contributed to genome evolution through a process termed exaptation. We term such elements Repeat insertion domains of LncRNAs (RIDLs).Repeat Insertion Domains of LncRNAs (RIDLs) are exonic TEs that are essential for lncRNA function.Ancient exapted transposable elements promote nuclear enrichment of human long noncoding RNAs . A growing number of RIDLs have been experimentally defined, where TE-derived fragments of lncRNA act as RNA-, DNA-, and protein-binding domains . We term such elements Repeat Insertion Domains of LncRNAs (RIDL)Exonic TEs act as RNA domains that are essential for lncRNA function. We term such elements Repeat Insertion Domains of LncRNAs (RIDLs) |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21456524 | What indication has FTY720 been approved for by the FDA? | FTY720 has been pproved (September 2010) by the U.S. FDA as a new treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS). |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15265669 | Is fingolimod a drug or a pro-drug? | FTY720 is a prodrug. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19146986,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9358014,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17255318,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21175851,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17061732,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15506716,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12874382,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23512844,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17401564,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11939483,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19907151,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15546588,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27081498,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11191743,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18316026,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10226674,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9425935,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20177050,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31529915,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12091366,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19477142,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26501199,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18325820,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19820015,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16154780,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11001626,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28335084,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17065470,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21355094,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28406842,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24904118 | Which conditions is caused by mutations in HFE? | Mutations in the HFE gene, encoding the syntaxin binding protein HFE1, are the cause of hereditary hemochromatosis.Hereditary hemochromatosis is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by systemic iron overload with consequent tissue damage . The vast majority of HH patients are homozygous for the C282Y HFE mutation in HFE . The study was to establish a reliable, cost-effective molecular diagnostic service for this potentially lethal disorder in South Africa . The authors suggest lymphocytes from HH patients may have an increased capacity to respond to DEB-induced chromosome breakage .Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a common autosomal recessive disorder characterized by systemic iron overload with consequent tissue damage. The vast majority of HH patients are homozygous for the C282Y mutation in HFE.Mutations in the HFE gene cause hereditary hemochromatosis, an iron overload disorder that is hallmarked by excessive accumulation of iron in parenchymal organs.Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is common among Caucasians. Hereditary hemochromatosis patients homozygous for the C282Y HFE mutation.Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a common autosomal recessive disorder characterized by systemic iron overload with consequent tissue damage. The vast majority of HH patients are homozygous for the C282Y mutation in HFE. HFE mutation can possess the risk of AD in transferrin-, APOE- and APP-normal patients.Mutations in HFE, a gene encoding a putative lysosomal trafficking protein, cause hereditary hemochromatosis.The mechanisms by which the hereditary hemochromatosis protein, HFE, decreases transferrin-mediated iron uptake were examined Hereditary hemochromatosis: HFE mutation analysis in Greeks reveals genetic heterogeneity Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is common among Caucasians; reported disease frequencies vary from 0.3 to 0.8%.Mutations in HFE, a gene encoding a putative lysosomal trafficking protein, are the cause of hereditary hemochromatosis.HFE, a gene encoding a putative lysosomal trafficking protein, is involved in the pathogenesis of hereditary hemochromatosis. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25015138,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16752214,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20805997,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25525214,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23175478,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17712020,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18218978,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24931407,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27124504,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9781873,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18050426 | What is the reason for the abundance of operons in the genome of C. elegans? | Our data shows that transcription proceeds in some ways as if operons were composed of multiple adjacent single genes. Recent hypothesis proposes that operons provide an evolutionary advantage via the conservation of machinery during recovery from growth arrested states.Previous work has proposed that germline expression drives operon organization in Caenorhabditis elegans . A recent hypothesis proposes that operons provide an evolutionary advantage via the conservation of transcriptional machinery during recovery from growth arrested states . Our data suggest operons and "spliced leader" trans-splicing predate the radiation of the nematode phylum .Previous work has proposed that germline expression drives operon organization in Caenorhabditis elegans, and a recent hypothesis proposes that operons provide an evolutionary advantage via the conservation of transcriptional machinery during recovery from growth arrested states. The operons contain primarily genes required for rapid growth, including genes whose products are needed for mitochondrial function and the basic machinery of gene expression. Recent evidence suggests that RNA polymerase is poised at the promoters of growth genes, and operons allow more efficient recovery from growth-arrested states, resulting in reduction in the need for this cache of inactive RNA polymerase.Previous work has proposed that germline expression drives operon organization in Caenorhabditis elegans. A recent hypothesis proposes that operons provide an evolutionary advantage via the conservation of transcriptional machinery during recovery from growth arrested states. C. elegans operons contain a much higher proportion of genes with multiple transcript isoforms than non-operonic genes do.Our data shows that transcription proceeds in some ways as if operons were composed of multiple adjacent single genes. Previous work has proposed that germline expression drives operon organization in Caenorhabditis elegans, and a recent hypothesis proposes that operons provide an evolutionary advantage via the conservation of transcriptional machinery during recovery from growth arrested states. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25650422,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25339659,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29374079,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27347137,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25541140,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21396113,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18682521,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30276444,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18521959,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16777955,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16709748,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18606711 | Which chromosome contains the TLR7 locus in the human genome? | The TLR7 locus acts in vivo as a tumor suppressor gene and is located on chromosome X (X chromosome).The TLR7 locus acts on the X chromosome in humans and is located on chromosome 9 (XC7)TLR7 is encoded by a gene on the X chromosome gene, denoted TLR7 in humans and Tlr7 in the mouse, and expressed in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) The Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) gene, encoded on human chromosome Xp22.3, is crucial for type I interferon production.The X chromosome. TLR7 is encoded on X chromosome Xp22.TLR7 is encoded by a gene on the X chromosome gene, denoted TLR7 in humans and Tlr7 in the mouse, and expressed in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) In this review we will discuss the role of the X chromosome encoded toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and interferon gamma (IFNγ) in the development of autoimmunity.TLR7 (located on the X chromosome). Since the TLR7 gene is localized on the chromosome X, the allelic frequency of the Gln11Leu polymorphism was analyzed separately in males and females. TLR7 is encoded by a gene on the X chromosome gene, denoted TLR7 in humans and Tlr7 in the mouse, and expressed in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC). The Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) gene, encoded on human chromosome Xp22.3, is crucial for type I interferon production. Xp22 harbours the TLR7 and TLR8 genes.The X chromosome. TLR7 is encoded on X chromosome XP22.The Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) gene, encoded on human chromosome Xp22.3, is crucial for type I interferon production . The major candidate gene for causation of the Yaa-associated autoimmune phenotypes has been TLR7 . The Toll like receptor 7 gene is encoded by a gene on the X chromosome gene, denoted TLR 7 in humans and Tlr7 in the mouse, and expressed in plasmacytoid dendritic cells .The Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) gene, encoded on human chromosome Xp22.3, is crucial for type I interferon production.The X chromosome. TLR7 is encoded by a gene on X chromosome Xp22.TLR7 is encoded by a gene on the X chromosome gene, denoted TLR7 in humans and Tlr7 in the mouse. X-Chromosome complement and estrogen receptor signaling independently contribute to the enhanced TLR 7-mediated IFN-α production of plasmacytoid dendritic cells from women. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16963707,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6310495,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16857058,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10828050,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15070753,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11409913,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3004939,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17389645,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11567985,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21685456,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19728890,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19488879,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11231273,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22761590,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18283123,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18726358 | What is marked by DNaseI hypersensitive sites? | Hypersensitive sites are chromosomal regions up to 2kb distant to known genomic regulatory regions and 5 kb from known regulatory regions.Hypersensitivity of cis-regulatory elements to digestion with DNaseI remains the gold-standard approach to locating such elements.DNaseI hypersensitive sites correspond to regions of the genome that have recently been isolated as well as specific genomic regulatory regions.DNaseI hypersensitive sites are chromosomal regions up to 2kb distant to known genomic regulatory regions and 5 kb from known regulatory regions.DNAaseI hypersensitive sites consist of covalent domains that are hypersensitive to DNA polymerase I and are generally found in genomic regulatory regions where transcription starts and stops at these regions.Mapping DNaseI hypersensitive sites is commonly used to identify regulatory regions in the genome.In genetics, DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs) are regions of chromatin that are sensitive to cleavage by the DNase I enzyme. In these specific regions of the genome, chromatin has lost its condensed structure, exposing the DNA and making it accessible.Yes, DNaseI hypersensitive sites have been shown to be markers for all types of active cis-acting regulatory elements, including promoters, enhancers, silencers, insulators, and locus control regions.DNA hypomethylation and the presence of DNaseI hypersensitive sites correlate with transcriptional activity of P1.1. Mapping sites within the genome that are hypersensitive to digestion withDNaseI is an important method for identifying DNA elements that regulate transcription.Mapping sites within the genome that are hypersensitive to digestion with DNaseI is an important method for identifying DNA elements that regulate transcription . The identification of cis-regulatory elements is central to understanding gene transcription . Of two promoter-like duplications in each spacer, only the most upstream copy is associated with hypersensitivity to DNAaseI .DNaseI hypersensitive sites correspond to regions along genomic regulatory regions where transcription starts and stops.The identification of cis-regulatory elements is central to understanding gene transcription. Hypersensitivity of cis-regulatory elements to digestion with DNaseI remains the gold-standard approach to locating such elements in regions of open chromatin. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21262819,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18662993,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19053175,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19954516,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28765367,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30008320 | Do polycomb group proteins (PcG) mediate the formation of chromatin loops? | Yes. The polycomb group proteins (PcG) mediate the formation of chromatin loops by facilitating co-localization of heterochromatin loops.Polycomb action at a distance can be organized by local chromatin topology.A chromatin insulator driving three-dimensional Polycomb response element (PRE) contacts and Polycomb association with the chromatin fiber the Drosophila gypsy insulator behaves as a conformational chromatin border that is able to prohibit contacts between a Polycomb response element (PRE) and a distal promoter Polycomb action at a distance can be organized by local chromatin topologyYes. The polycomb group proteins (PcG) mediate the formation of chromatin loops.Yes, polycomb group proteins (PcG) play a critical role in the formation of chromatin loops.A chromatin insulator driving three-dimensional Polycomb response element (PRE) contacts and Polycomb association with the chromatin fiber the Drosophila gypsy insulator behaves as a conformational chromatin border that is able to prohibit contacts between a Polycomb response element (PRE) and a distal promoter Polycomb action at a distance can be organized by local chromatin topology Polycomb repressive complex 2 is recruited through the interaction of CTCFA chromatin insulator driving three-dimensional Polycomb response element (PRE) contacts and Polycomb association with the chromatin fiber the Drosophila gypsy insulator behaves as a conformational chromatin border that is able to prohibit contacts between a Polycomb Response element (Pre) and a distal promoter Polycomb action at a distance can be organized by local chromatin topology Polycomb repressive complex 2 is recruited through the interaction of CTCF.Yes, the polycomb group proteins (PcG) play a critical role in the formation and/or maintenance of chromatin loops.Yes. Chromatin-loop formation is dependent on regulatory proteins localized at the 5' and 3' ends of exons of genes, such as PcG. The polycomb group proteins (PcG) mediate the formation of chromatin loops by binding to nuclear-insoluble structures at late-M-to-early-G1 on histone H3 lysine 27. Depending on what residue is mutated and the degree of transcription, polycomb loop formation is linked to either transcriptionally active or silent chromatin. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33102519,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32368594,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30987214,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27280887,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27528462,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27748458,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32720149,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27695478,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27022159,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33072607,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25516281,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26919855,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26539333,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32609094,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30984248 | Which type of analysis does DeSeq2 perform? | DeSeq2 is a software for differential gene expression analysis of RNA sequencing data.Both TMM and DESeq2 are widely used for differential gene expression analysis.DeSeq2 performed differential gene expression analysis of paired-end tag sequencing data.DeSeq2 supports differential gene expression analysis by combining multiple sources of evidence.DeSeq2 enables differential gene expression analysis of multiple cellular origins.DesSeq2 is widely used for differential gene expression analysis.DESeq2 is a method for differential analysis of count data. It is used for the calculation of fold change and dispersion of RNA-seq data. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26214256,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27820801,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17962019,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29777695,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10545111,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28292960,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9806417,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19401679,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28680098,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26435348,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25653450 | What is the function of a protein degron? | Protein degrons are part of the DNA damage response triggered by dysfunctional transcription factors. Proteins that are destined for proteasome-mediated degradation are usually tagged with a chain of ubiquitin linked via lysine residues that targets them to the proteolytic machinery. Disruption of one degron by a RNA-binding protein causes it to become ubiquitinated, dimerizes and translocates to the nucleus.A protein degron is a protein that is attached to the N-terminus of a protein of interest. The N-degron then targets itself and the attached protein for rapid proteasomal degradation.A N-degron can be attached to the N-terminus of a protein of interest. Upon expression of a site-specific protease, the dormant N-degron becomes deprotected. The N-degron then targets itself and the attached protein for rapid proteasomal degradation through the N-end rule pathway.A protein degron is a protein that is attached to the N-terminus of a protein of interest. The N-degron then targets itself and the attached protein for rapid proteasomal degradation through a N-end rule pathway.The N-degron protein degradation strategy for investigating the function of essential genes We developed a dormant N-degron that can be attached to the N-terminus of a protein of interest. Upon expression of a site-specific protease, the dormant N-degron becomes deprotected.Protein degrons are artificial short peptides which specifically bind to defined functional domains, track, and inhibit a given target molecule with high affinity and specificity. They represent a remarkable alternative to antibodies in many applications.A protein degron is a protein that is attached to the N-terminus of a protein of interest. The N-degron then targets itself and the attached protein for rapid proteasomal degradation through a N-end rule pathway. The degradation pathway is a pathway in which proteins are fused to a degron that removes itself in an absence of drug, resulting in an untamable protein. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22217600,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25137074,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19728289,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19549318,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28671949,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27594782,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18721485,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17343765,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18025683 | Which computational methods are used for the definition of synteny? | The computational methods which are used for the definition of synteny are:1) multisyn, 2) poff, 3) orthocluster, 4) phyldiag, 5) synblast, 6) cinteny, 7) domain team, 8)mcscanx and 9) run Orthoclusterdb and 10) view synteny.Computational methods used for the definition of synteny include multisyn, poff, orthocluster, phyldiag, synblast, cinteny, domainmanagement, domainweekly, domainScanx, run orthocluster, orthClusterdb and view synteny.Computational methods used for the definition of synteny include multisyn, poff, orthocluster, phyldiag, synblast, cinteny, domainmanagement, domainScanx, run orthoclustereddb, view synteny and others.The automated and fast detection of syntenic domain teams is implemented in the DomainTeam software. Here we present the SynBlast pipeline that is designed to construct and evaluate local synteny information. Cinteny allows one to automatically compare multiple genomes and perform sensitivity analysis for synteny block detection and for the subsequent computation of reversal distances. OrthoClusterDB is a new online platform for the identification and visualization of synteny blocks. OrthoClusterDB consists of two key web pages: Run OrthoCluster and View Synteny. MCScan is an algorithm able to scan multiple genomes or subgenomes in order to identify putative homologous chromosomal regions, and align these regions using genes as anchors. PoFF is an extension for the standalone tool Proteinortho, which enhances orthology detection by combining clustering, sequence similarity, and synteny. MultiSyn: A Webtool for Multiple Synteny Detection and Visualization of User's Sequence of Interest Compared to Public Plant Species.Cinteny allows one to automatically compare multiple genomes and perform sensitivity analysis for synteny block detection. Here we present the SynBlast pipeline that is designed to construct and evaluate local synteny information. PoFF is an extension for the standalone tool Proteinortho, which enhances orthology detection by combining clustering, sequence similarity, and synteny.Computational methods used for the definition of synteny include multisyn, poff, orthocluster, phyldiag, synblast, cinteny, domainmanagement, electrophobicity, run orthoclustereddb, mcScan and view synteny.The computational methods that are used for the definition of synteny are: multisyn, poff, orthocluster, phyldiag, synblast, cinteny, domainteam, mcscanx and run orthoclustersdb. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30451828,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28138849,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32637041,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32029740,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32620137,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30559361,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26294014,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32029221,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30936163,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31594952,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31428792,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30580963,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26083756,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30335168,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29686426 | Can ATAC-Seq be employed in single-cell mode? | Single-cell ATAC-seq detects open chromatin in individual cells.When done at single-cell resolution, ATAC-seq provides an insight into the cell-to-cell variability that emerges from otherwise identical DNA sequences by identifying the variability in the genomic location of open chromatin sites in each of the cells.Yes. When done at single-cell resolution, ATAC-seq provides an insight into the cell-to-cell variability that emerges from otherwise identical DNA sequences by identifying the variability in the genomic location of open chromatin sites in each of the cells.Single-cell ATAC-seq: strength in numbers. When done at single-cell resolution, ATAC-seq provides an insight into the cell-to-cell variability that emerges from otherwise identical DNA sequences by identifying the variability in the genomic location of open chromatin sites in each of the cells.Yes. The method can be also employed in single-cell mode, allowing the analysis of cell-based epigenetic changes only.Yes, ATAC-seq can be employed in single-cell mode.Yes, single-cell ATAC-seq can be used to detect genome-wide the binding sites of RNA binding proteins in individual cells.Yes. ATAC-seq can be used as a primary method for analyzing genome-wide open chromatin structure within single-cell populations. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28584084,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26286813,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22981865,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15163413,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25607658,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28111277,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24421386,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23545498,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21969581,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24336202,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22086955,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18472258,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22771961,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28356547 | How can B-cells transdifferentiate into macrophages? | Inflammatory macrophages can transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts during renal fibrosis . Vascular endothelial growth factor modified macrophage transdifferentiates into endothelial-like cells and decrease foam cell formation . Human cancer cells can be induced by C/EBPα to transdifferentiated into seemingly normal cells at high frequencies .Through the ectopic over-expression of the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBPα), which induces transdifferentiation of B cells into macrophages at high efficiencies.C/EBPβ-expressing B cells produced granulocyte-macrophage progenitor progenitors when subjected to selective pressure to eliminate lymphoid cells . The absence of PAX-5 could have triggered B cells to differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells . Tet2 helps CEBPα rapidly derepress myeloid genes during conversion of pre-B cells .C/EBPβ-expressing B cells produced granulocyte-macrophage progenitor (GMP)-like progenitors when subjected to selective pressure to eliminate lymphoid cells. Tet2 helps CEBPα rapidly derepress myeloid genes during the conversion of pre-B cells into macrophages.Human cancer cells can be induced by C/EBPα to transdifferentiate into seemingly normal cells at high frequencies . This provides a proof of principle for a potential new therapeutic strategy for treating B cell malignancies . Inflammatory macrophages transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts during renal fibrosis . |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31695717,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26865847,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25708947,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25810430,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29120462,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30309205,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27706663 | What is the function of the chromHMM software? | ChromHMM learns chromatin-state signatures using a multivariate hidden Markov model (HMM) that explicitly models the combinatorial presence or absence of each mark . It uses these signatures to generate a genome-wide annotation for each cell type by calculating the most probable state for each genomic segment . Chromatin states are learned, annotations are produced, and enrichments are computed within 1 d .The ChromHMM software is a tool for learning chromatin-state signatures. It allows you to learn chromatin states, and then use that knowledge to make an annotated chromatin state for each cell type.ChromHMM learns chromatin-state signatures using a multivariate hidden Markov model (HMM) that explicitly models the combinatorial presence or absence of each mark. ChromHMM uses these signatures to generate a genome-wide annotation for each cell type by calculating the most probable state for each genomic segment. ChromHMM helps to annotate the noncoding genome using epigenomic information across one or multiple cell types. It combines multiple genome-wide epigenomic maps, and uses combinatorial and spatial mark patterns to infer a complete annotation for each cell typeChromHMM learns chromatin-state signatures using a multivariate hidden Markov model (HMM) that explicitly models the combinatorial presence or absence of each mark. It uses these signatures to generate a genome-wide annotation for each cell type by calculating the most probable state for each genomic segment.The ChromHMM software is a tool for learning chromatin-state signatures. It allows you to learn chromatin states, and then use that knowledge to make an annotated chromatin state for a cell type. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24227677,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28096075,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28915787,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30379987 | What is FeatureCounts used for? | featureCounts is a general purpose program for assigning sequence reads to genomic features. It is a read summarization program suitable for counting reads generated from either RNA or genomic DNA sequencing experiments.featureCounts: an efficient general purpose program for assigning sequence reads to genomic features. We present featureCounts, a read summarization program suitable for counting reads generated from either RNA or genomic DNA sequencing experimentsfeatureCounts can be used to quantify reads generated from either RNA or DNA sequencing technologies in terms of any type of genomic feature. It implements chromosome hashing, feature blocking and other strategies to assign reads to features with high efficiency.Featurecounts is a system that uses a novel Bayesian approach to calculate informative metrics at each depth required to inform a broad range of functional and evolutionary studies. The database is optimized to support fast interactive performance with the RNA-Seq platform.featureCounts: an efficient general purpose program for assigning sequence reads to genomic features.We present featureCounts, a read summarization program suitable for counting reads generated from either RNA or genomic DNA sequencing experiments. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29386354,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27292645,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27924227,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29056334 | Which is the main difference in the roles of Otx2 and Nanog during development? | Antagonism between the transcription factors NANOG and OTX2 specifies rostral or caudal cell fate during neural patterning transition . The transcription factor Otx2 acts as a negative switch in the regulation of transition from naive to primed pluripotency in mouse pluripotent stem cells . OTX2-mediated Nanog regulation contributes to the integrity of the ESC state and cell lineage specification in preimplantation development .There is a mutual antagonism between NANOG and OTX2 underlying cell fate decisions during neural patterning, critical for the regulation of early neural development in humans. Through mutual antagonism, NANOG and OTX2 specify the heterogeneous identity of ESCs and individually predispose them for optimal response to naive or primed inducing factors. More specifically OTX2 impedes self-renewal of iPS cells through downregulation of NANOG expression. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30285185,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29507293,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28714474,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25263550 | Are super enhancers structurally insulated in chromatin loops? | Although there is evidence that chromatin neighbourhoods, formed by the zinc-finger protein CTCF, can sequester enhancers and their target genes, there is limited in vivo evidence for CTCF demarcating super-enhancers and preventing cross talk between distinct regulatory elements. CTCF sites are porous borders, allowing a super-enhancer to activate a secondary target.Although there is evidence that chromatin neighbourhoods, formed by the zinc-finger protein CTCF, can sequester enhancers and their target genes, there is limited in vivo evidence for CTCF demarcating super-enhancers and preventing cross talk between distinct regulatory elements.Dissecting super-enhancer hierarchy based on chromatin interactions Although there is evidence that chromatin neighbourhoods, formed by the zinc-finger protein CTCF, can sequester enhancers and their target genes, there is limited in vivo evidence for CTCF demarcating super-enhancers and preventing cross talk between distinct regulatory elements.We also demonstrate that the Wap super-enhancer, which is built on STAT5 and other common transcription factors, retains its exquisite mammary specificity when placed into globally permissive chromatin, suggesting a limited role of chromatin in controlling cell specificity. CTCF sites are porous borders, allowing a super-enhancer to activate a secondary target. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32687059 | Does IL18 signaling have a role in thymus? | Yes. IL18 signaling promotes homing of mature Tregs into the thymus.Yes. IL18 signaling plays a key role in thymus regulation and differentiation.Yes. IL18 signaling plays a key role in the regulation of thymus function.Yes. IL18 signaling plays a crucial role in thymus regulation and differentiation. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16756015,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9595260,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/125891,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28208246,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8254024,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10321035,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2806531,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7286205,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28972949,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17704978 | Does an antiphlogistic promotes inflammation? | Antiinflammatory agents: new series of N-substituted amino acids with complex pyrimidine structures endowed with antiphlogistic activity.An antiphlogistic drug counteracts inflammation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32550671,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32324502,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33200890,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32562029,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33229362,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25549233 | Which interleukin receptors are targeted with rilonacept? | Rilonacept inhibits interleukin-1α and interleukin-1β. It has a role for treatment of pericarditis. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31420533 | Which deep learning framework has been developed for cancer molecular subtype classification? | Molecular subtyping of cancer is a critical step towards more individualized therapy and provides important biological insights into cancer heterogeneity. Although gene expression signature-based classification has been widely demonstrated to be an effective approach in the last decade, the widespread implementation has long been limited by platform differences, batch effects, and the difficulty to classify individual patient samples. DeepCC is a novel deep learning-based framework for cancer molecular subtype classification. It is platform independent, robust to missing data, and can be used for single sample prediction facilitating clinical implementation of cancer molecular subtyping.DeepCC is a novel deep learning-based framework for cancer molecular subtype classification. It is based on deep learning of functional spectra quantifying activities of biological pathways. In two case studies about colorectal and breast cancer classification, DeepCC classifiers and DeepCC single sample predictors both achieved overall higher sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy.The DeepCC framework is a novel deep learning-based framework for cancer molecular subtype classification.DeepCC is a novel deep learning-based framework for cancer molecular subtype classification.DeepCC is a novel deep learning-based framework for cancer molecular subtype classification. In two case studies about colorectal and breast cancer classification, DeepCC classifier and DeepCC single sample predictors both achieved overall higher sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy compared with other widely used classification methods such as random forests (RF), support vector machine (SVM), gradient boosting machine (GBM), and multinomial logistic regression algorithms.DeepCC is a novel deep learning-based framework for cancer molecular subtype classification. DeepCC is platform independent, robust to missing data, and can be used for single sample prediction. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31130881,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19488000,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26149466,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24696870,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20222492,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23109125,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25345238,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20011576,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31136275,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17074941,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32116839,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19996040,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32587531,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21903028,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17914327 | What class of drugs have been given a black box warning for suicide? | In 2004, the European and American authorities released a black-box warning on antidepressants indicating an association with an increased risk of suicidality (suicidal ideation and behavior) in young peopleIn 2004, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) controversially issued a black box warning that antidepressants were associated with an increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviours in people aged under 18 years.The U.S Food and Drug Administration issued a Black box warning in October 2004 after placebo-controlled trials of antidepressant medications found an increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among children and adolescents taking antidepressant medications relative to placebo. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24886455,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31762916,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19454094,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7085815,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2307889,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3627450,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19800329,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17985535,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26721028,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32459879,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11111843,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16487634,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23727345,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29766936,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29430500,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28334999,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/497808 | What nerve is affected in Carpel Tunnel syndrome? | Carpel tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a condition in which median nerve compression results in paresthesias and pain in the wrist and hand.Carpel tunnel syndrome is a common compression neuropathy of the median nerve causing pain, numbness and functional dysfunction of the hand.Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a medical condition due to compression of the median nerve as it travels through the wrist at the carpal tunnel. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12932294,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11776280,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15984903,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29883212,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15965816,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31818504,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20476905,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21881988,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30859382,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12715722,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12504237,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14989428,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12563672,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12196041,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12928941,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16269431,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12687534,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15082469,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12510368,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29553981,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20703489,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15172046,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15201943 | What drug, used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, is an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist? | Anakinra is an oral interleukin-1 receptor antagonist that is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis.Anakinra is an anti-IL-1RA targeting IL-1beta with a central role in the occurrence of auto-inflammatory diseases.Anakinra is an oral, small molecule, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor that binds to and inactivates the interleukin-1 receptor (IL1R) signaling pathway and is used to treat rheumatoid arthritisAnakinra is an anti-IL-1RA targeting IL-1β with a central role in the occurrence of auto-inflammatory diseases.Anakinra is an orally administered interleukin-1 receptor antagonist that is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis.Anakinra is an anti-IL-1RA targeting IL-1β with a central role in the occurrence of auto-inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis.Anakinra is an anti-IL-1RA targeting IL-1β with a central role in the occurrence of auto-inflammatory diseases |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17296606,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10627574,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26121674,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16160176,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12716057,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21390711,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22020814,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10774200,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21491367,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1652278,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9514102,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18687114 | Herpes viruses have what type of genome? | The Herpesviridae are a family of viruses which have a large genome of linear, double-stranded DNA (> 120 kb)The genome of Herpes viruses is composed of linear, double-stranded DNA.Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 are nuclear-replicating viruses composed of a double-stranded DNA genomeHerpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) has a double-stranded linear DNA genome that is approximately 152 kbp in length.Herpesviridae are a family of viruses which have a large genome of linear, double-stranded DNA.Herpes viruses have a linear, double-stranded DNA genome. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19930006,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25202980,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19436648,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17039422,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27073422,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27600499,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32506681,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25237400,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27995594,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32410565,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26284720,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32233338,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30678612,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31770497,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31203802,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32202085 | Is liraglutide effective for weight reduction? | Yes, liraglutide is effective and approved for weight reduction. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33258543 | Is lorcaserin associated with increased cancer risk? | The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reported an increased risk of cancer with lorcaserin in the follow-up of the CAMELLIA-TIMI 61 trial. However, subsequent meta-analysis did not confirm the increased risk of cancer with lorcaserin but suggests a trend in this direction, with a greater incidence of some subtypes such as lung and pancreas. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32905675 | Is Eflornithine and Sulindac are effective for prevention of progression in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis? | No. In a clinical trial, the incidence of progression in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis was not significantly lower with the combination of eflornithine and sulindac than with either drug alone. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32905676,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31571146,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32282865,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31582533,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33237495,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32073798,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28851578,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33226524,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32456317,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32430485,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32822968,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31972568,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32125151,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31605368,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31571095,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30763142,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31953000,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30824428,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32278840,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33141615,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33135506,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32534790,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32924096,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32605736,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32436836,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31695432 | Which cancer can be treated with Darolutamide? | Darolutamide is used for treatment of nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33150799,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33007380,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33272981,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33161056,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32493697,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32557397,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33082208,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33239432,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31988000,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32846061,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32846060,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33169506 | Which cancers can be treated with Selpercatinib? | Selpercatinib was recently approved by the US FDA for the treatment of RET fusion-positive non-small-cell lung cancer, RET fusion-positive thyroid cancer and RET-mutant medullary thyroid cancer. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31390883,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29889589,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32753844,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27271183,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32589506,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28595549,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29096837,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31390500,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32646313,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30403015,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32511037,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28300080,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32494907,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31301033,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29124482,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31032598,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30596391 | What is the target of Volanesorsen? | Volanesorsen is a second-generation antisense oligonucleotide inhibiting apoC-III (apolipoprotein C-III) transcription/translation that has been recently approved in Europe for Familial Chylomicronemia Syndrome (FCS) treatment. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33197348,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32668113,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27038440,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32845114 | Roflumilast Cream is effective for which disease? | Roflumilast Cream has been shown to be effective for psoriasis. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31792921,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32521132,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32311310,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32929000,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32034693,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32561705,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31994716,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30847674,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33275677,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30726693,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33139979 | Describe the mechanism of action of Givosiran. | Givosiran is an aminolevulinate synthase 1 (ALAS1)-directed small interfering RNA (siRNA) covalently linked to a ligand to enable specific delivery of the siRNA to hepatocytes. This results in downregulation of ALAS1 mRNA and prevents accumulation of neurotoxic δ-aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogen levels that are associated with acute porphyria attacks. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33012578,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29880291,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33044685,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24789362,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24225019,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32343890,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28895177,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27317574,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26658963,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32955174,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31075528,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31404966,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32293692,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31501807,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26510020,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25616434,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32814685,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25583815,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32982407,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29465803,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25127709,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25366685,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31806540,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23847380,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29979319,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28069876,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28280302,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30514390 | Is Olaparib effective for prostate cancer? | Yes, olaparib was shown to be effective for treatment of prostate cancer. Olaparib led to stable disease or tumor regressions of prostate cancer patients.Yes. Olaparib has antitumour activity against metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with DDR gene aberrations.Treatment with the PARP inhibitor olaparib in patients whose prostate cancers were no longer responding to standard treatments and who had defects in DNA-repair genes led to a high response rate. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29733830,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15828301,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27832322,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1736462,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9705572,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1992626 | What is Corkscrew Esophagus? | Corkscrew esophagus is a classic finding of diffuse esophageal spasm in barium studies reflecting abnormal contractions, leading to compartmentalization and curling of the esophagus, ultimately giving an appearance similar to a corkscrew or rosary beads. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29231235,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24072562,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31969328 | List 3 conventional synthetic DMARDs. | Three conventional synthetic (cs) DMARDs include methotrexate (MTX), leflunomide, and sulfasalazine. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32227247 | Is isradipine effective for Parkinson's disease? | No. Long-term treatment with immediate-release isradipine did not slow the clinical progression of early-stage Parkinson's disease. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27269043 | Is MK-1602 a CGRP antagonist? | Yes, MK-1602 is a CGRP antagonist. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32266704 | Which company developed eptinezumab? | Eptinezumab was developed by Lundbeck Seattle BioPharmaceuticals. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31119772,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23198009,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23473278,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27531391,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12544710 | What are the features of the AESOP syndrome? | Adenopathy and Extensive Skin Patch Overlying a Plasmacytoma is defined as the AESOP Syndrome. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14504046,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11249057,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11911307,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18595702,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12239445 | Which drugs are included in the VIFUP regimen for breast cancer? | ViFuP includes vinorelbine, cisplatin and continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18970928,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30774381 | Which drugs are included in the EE-4A regimen for Wilm's tumor? | EE-4A regimen includes dactinomycin and vincristine. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27042826 | Does inactivation of CYLD help in colorectal cancer? | Νο. Inactivation of CYLD in intestinal epithelial cells exacerbates colitis-associated colorectal carcinogenesis. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32637154 | Which network analysis method can you use for prioritization of metabolic disease genes? | metPropagate is a network-guided propagation of metabolomic information for prioritization of metabolic disease genes. metPropagate was able to prioritize at least one causative gene in the top 20th percentile of candidate genes for 92% of patients with known IEMs.Many inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are amenable to treatment, therefore early diagnosis is imperative. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) variant prioritization coupled with phenotype-guided clinical and bioinformatics expertise is typically used to identify disease-causing variants; however, it can be challenging to identify the causal candidate gene when a large number of rare and potentially pathogenic variants are detected. MetPropagate is a network-based approach that uses untargeted metabolomics (UM) data from a single patient and a group of controls to prioritize candidate genes in patients with suspected IEMs.MetPropagate is a network-guided propagation of metabolomic information for prioritization of metabolic disease genes. Basically, you take a single patient and a group of controls, and compare their metabolomic data to the data of other patients with IEMs. If you find a gene that is in the top 20% of the population, you rank it higher in the network. If not, you don't rank it at all.Met Propagate is a network-based approach that uses untargeted metabolomics (UM) data from a single patient and a group of controls to prioritize candidate genes in patients with suspected IEMs.MetPropagate is a network-guided propagation of metabolomic information for prioritization of metabolic disease genes. Basically, you take a single patient and a group of controls, and compare their metabolomic data to the data of other patients with IEMs. If you find a gene that is in the top 20% of the population, you rank it higher than the other genes in the population. If not, you don't. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17687151,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20530282,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25349295,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18824706,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19822515,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14665611,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29211295,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17901952,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29246011,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17559146,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19390546,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19001325,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15677624,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19444385 | Which drugs are included in the IROX regimen for colorectal cancer? | IROX regimen for colorectal cancer includes irinotecan and oxaliplatin. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32203698,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32315352,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32684989,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32472305,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32677452 | What are the targets of pemigatinib? | Pemigatinib is a small molecule inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) 1, FGFR2 and FGFR3, received accelerated approval for the treatment of adults with previously treated, unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma and a FGFR2 fusion or other rearrangement, as detected by a US FDA-approved test. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25158796 | Is there high nucleotide diversity in the Drosophila suzukii species? | Native to Asia, the soft-skinned fruit pest Drosophila suzukii has recently invaded the United States and Europe. The eastern United States represents the most recent expansion of their range, and presents an opportunity to test alternative models of colonization history. There are high levels of nucleotide diversity in this species and research suggests that the recent invasions of Europe and the continental United States are independent demographic events.Yes, there is high nucleotide diversity in the Drosophila suzukii species. There is a lot of genetic diversity in this species, and it is thought that the recent expansion of the species into Europe and the continental United States are independent demographic events. This means that there is a high level of diversity within the species.Yes, there is high nucleotide diversity in the Drosophila suzukii species. There is a lot of genetic diversity in this species, and it is thought that the recent expansion of the species into Europe and the Americas are independent demographic events.Yes. There is high nucleotide diversity within the Drosophila suzukii species.Yes. There is high nucleotide diversity within and between populations of Drosophila suzukii, as shown by the presence of 12.1% single-nucleotide variants and 43.6% double-stranded DNA.Yes. There is high nucleotide diversity within and between populations of Drosophila suzukii, across all developmental stages examined from only one genome.Yes. There is high nucleotide diversity within and between populations of Drosophila suzukii, manifesting both in gene expression patterns and genomic locations. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31680159,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33005306 | Which tools have been developed for identifying and visualising ncRNA promoters? | Epd, ncpro-ml and ucsc genome browser are tools that have been developed for identifying and visualising ncRNA promoters.The Eukaryotic Promoter Database (EPD) and ncPro-ML |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32438492 | What is the mode of administration of AZD8601? | AZD8601 is administered intradermally. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31808298 | What is SAR425899? | SAR425899 ia a dual glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor/glucagon receptor agonist. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31300657 | Which class of disorders are caused by AMPA receptor GluA2 subunit defects? | Mutations in the AMPA receptor GluA2 subunit cause a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders including autism spectrum disorder.AMPA receptor GluA2 subunit defects are a cause of neurodevelopmental disorders. Mutations lead to a decrease in agonist-evoked current mediated by mutant subunits.AMPA receptor GluA2 subunit defects are a cause of neurodevelopmental disorders. AMPA receptors (AMPARs) are tetrameric ligand-gated channels made up of combinations of GluA1-4 subunits encoded by GRIA1-4 genes.AMPA receptors (AMPARs) are tetrameric ligand-gated channels made up of combinations of GluA1-4 subunits encoded by GRIA1-4 genes. GluA2 has an especially important role because, following post-transcriptional editing at the Q607 site, it renders heteromultimeric AMPARs Ca2+-impermeable, with a linear relationship between current and trans-membrane voltage. De-novo variants in GRIA2 can cause neurodevelopmental disorders, complementing evidence that other genetic causes of ID, ASD and DEE also disrupt glutamatergic synaptic transmission.AMPA receptor GluA2 subunit defects are a cause of neurodevelopmental disorders. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22246721,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31046699,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21062272,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25044788,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3100113,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9604546,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1294876,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9611068,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6418082,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9375851,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20052546,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23634718,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1481858,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17345554,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21834048,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2499679,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1908009,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8807335,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1642233,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1678247 | Is Hunter's disease is associated with the X Chromosome? | Yes, Hunter's disease is associated with the X Chromosome.Yes, the X Chromosome is associated with the X chromosome.Hunter's disease is associated with the X chromosome. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32584192,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32950537 | Where are integrins localized in a cell? | Integrins are transmembrane glycoproteins that are broadly distributed in living organisms. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31483516,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31794868,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31705720 | What is a bacteriocin? | Bacteriocins, the ribosomally produced antimicrobial peptides of bacteria, represent an untapped source of promising antibiotic alternatives.
One such strategy involves using narrow-spectrum protein antibiotics (so-called bacteriocins), which diverse bacteria use to compete against closely related species. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32161024,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31706665,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29907796,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30879640,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29698805,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30838730 | What protein complex is altered in "Coffin-Siris syndrome"? | he genes causative of CSS mainly encode the SWI/SNF complex, which contributes to chromatin remodeling and regulates the access of transcriptional factors to specific gene sites.Report. Mutations in the BAF-Complex Subunit DPF2 Are Associated with Coffin-Siris Syndrome. Variants affecting the function of different subunits of the BAF chromatin-remodelling complex lead to various neurodevelopmental syndromes, including Coffin-Siris syndrome. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32234379,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19867969,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21787438,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27471062,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22991323,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23891316,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28511923,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33186247,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21253370,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12003723,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22624966,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33061068,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29701396,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31664480,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21415189,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19734736,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32390100 | What is Aortitis? | Aortitis is the inflammation of the aorta due to various causes, such as the manifestation of an underlying infectious or noninfectious disease process.Aortitis is an inflammation of the aorta due to various causes. It can be a symptom of an underlying infectious or non-infectious disease process.Aortitis is inflammation of the aorta due to various causes. It can be caused by an underlying infectious or non-infectious disease process.Aortitis is the inflammation of the aorta due to various causes. Aortitis is classified as non-infectious or infectious.Aortitis includes conditions with infectious or non-infectious etiology, characterized by inflammatory changes in one or more layers in aortic wall. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28580156,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33014503,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29157612,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32775816,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31211492,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33269653,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29468524,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23801135,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27316721,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23801138,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26250536,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30244358,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25671135,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31579342,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26886414,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27516889,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31222819,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26805758,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31631463,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26781021,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30009125,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27725549,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32492687 | Please list the syndromes that are part of Castleman's disease AKA TAFRO | The syndromes that are part of Castleman's disease AKA TAFRO are:1) organomegaly, 2) anasarca, 3) myelofibrosis, 4) thrombocytopenia and 5) reticulin fibrosis.TAFRO (or Castleman-Kojima) syndrome has been gradually recognized in recent years. It is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by thrombocytopenia (T), anasarca (A), myelofibrosis/fever (F), renal dysfunction/reticulin fibrosis (R), and organomegaly (O).TAFRO syndrome is defined as CD with thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fever, reticulin fibrosis, and organomegaly.The syndromes that are part of Castleman's disease AKA TAFRO are organomegaly, anasarca, myelofibrosis, thrombocytopenia, reticulin fibrosis and renal dysfunction.The syndromes that are part of Castleman's disease AKA TAFRO are organomegaly, anasarca, myelofibrosis, thrombocytopenia and reticulin fibrosis. There is also renal dysfunction.TAFRO syndrome (thrombocytopenia, anasarca, myelofibrosis, renal dysfunction, and organomegaly).TAFRO syndrome (thrombocytopenia, anasarca, myelofibrosis, renal dysfunction, and organomegaly) is an atypical manifestation of multicentric Castleman's disease. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31932609,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31954994,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32043464 | What is known about the protein Curli? | A major component of bacterial biofilms is curli amyloid fibrils secreted by the curli biogenesis system.
Curli is a bacterial α-synuclein (αSyn) which is deposited first in the enteric nervous system and amyloid deposits are propagated in a prion like manner to the central nervous system.
curli are cell surface amyloid proteins abundantly expressed by certain gut bacteria. In mice overexpressing the human amyloid α-synuclein (αSyn), we reveal that colonization with curli-producing Escherichia coli promotes αSyn pathology in the gut and the brain. Curli expression is required for E. coli to exacerbate αSyn-induced behavioral deficits, including intestinal and motor impairments. Purified curli subunits accelerate αSyn aggregation in biochemical assays, while oral treatment of mice with a gut-restricted amyloid inhibitor prevents curli-mediated acceleration of pathology and behavioral abnormalities. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30774578,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29615673 | List the core lung matrisome proteins. | LGALS7,
ASPN,
HSP90AA1,
HSP90AB1,
COL1A1,
SCGB1A1,
TAGLN,
PSEN2,
TSPAN1,
CTSB,
AGR2,
CSPG2,
SERPINB3,
fibronectin,
emilin-1,
versican,
decorin |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31857078,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31721330,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32048253,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32043729 | Can Freund's complete adjuvant induce arthritis? | Yes, Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was induced by Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA; 1 mg/0.1 ml paraffin oil), injected subcutaneously on days 0, 30 and 40 |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32012760,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32062145,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32098409,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31833496,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32101001 | Can saponins be used as adjuvant? | Yes,
saponin is an ideal adjuvant candidate. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6279398,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7526378,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5964959,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4076189,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1067597,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21422738,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8027999,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17710455,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4664580,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7407041,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2514275 | Is erabutoxin b usually found in plants? | Erabutoxin b is a short-chain neurotoxic peptide purified from the venom of the sea snake Laticauda semifasciata.No, erabutoxin b is not found in plants, it is a transmembrane toxin |