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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28108451 | Which programming language has been used for implementing GWAR? | Stata |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29115968 | Describe f-scLVM | Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) allows studying heterogeneity in gene expression in large cell populations. Such heterogeneity can arise due to technical or biological factors, making decomposing sources of variation difficult. F-scLVM (factorial single-cell latent variable model) is a method based on factor analysis that uses pathway annotations to guide the inference of interpretable factors underpinning the heterogeneity. The model jointly estimates the relevance of individual factors, refines gene set annotations, and infers factors without annotation. F-scLVM robustly decomposes scRNA-seq datasets into interpretable components, thereby facilitating the identification of novel subpopulations.f-scLVM (factorial single-cell latent variable model) is a method based on factor analysis that uses pathway annotations to guide the inference of interpretable factors underpinning the heterogeneity. It jointly estimates the relevance of individual factors, refines gene set annotations, and infers factors without annotation. In applications to multiple scRNA-seq datasets, f-SCLVM robustly decomposes scRNA -seq datasets into interpretable components, thereby facilitating the identification of novel subpopulations. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28191888 | Does promoter shape vary across populations? | Yes. Promoter shape varies across populations and affects promoter evolution and expression noise. This is accompanied by differences in the expression levels of different genes, which may reflect differences in their regulatory mechanisms.Yes. Promoter shape varies across populations and affects promoter evolution and expression noise.Yes. Promoter shape varies across populations and affects promoter evolution and expression noise. In some populations, promoter shape is more or less consistent across populations, while in other populations it varies little. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27098144,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26308238,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27933111,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27510368 | How large is a lncRNAs? | lncRNAs are defined as RNA transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that are not transcribed into proteins |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28385352 | What is MLE4901? | MLE4901 is an oral neurikinin 3 receptor antagonist that has been shown to safely and effectively relieve hot flush symptoms in menopausal women without the need for oestrogen exposure. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28259568,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28862574,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28823509,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30308208,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16115318 | What is the drug chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine used for? | Chloroquine (CQ) has been used for decades as the primary chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of malaria.
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), a 4-aminoquinolone antimalarial, is regarded as the oral therapy of choice for cutaneous and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It is also licensed for rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Chloroquine is a potent inhibitor of SARS coronavirus infection and spread. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22513921,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15204012,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28072907,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15204011 | Does xaliproden improve prognosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis? | No. There is not sufficient high quality evidence that xaliproden significantly improves prognosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22810475,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28803159,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22170760,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11316039 | What is Telangiectasia? | Telangiectasia (macroscopically visible dilated skin vessels)Telangiectasias are small focal red macules and papules created by abnormally prominent capillaries, venules, and arteriolesTelangiectasias are prominent small vessels (venules, capillaries or arterioles) that are visible as small red-purple focal lesions in the skin and mucous membranes.Telangiectasias are small focal red macules and papules created by abnormally prominent capillaries, venules, and arterioles Telangiectasia (macroscopically visible dilated skin vessels) |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26343556,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22238299,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26953343,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27733646 | Is cathepsin L active in endosomes? | yes,
Cathepsin L is found in the Late Endosome/Lysosome. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15221932,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24564768,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19014390,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19333547 | Which tissues express the ACE2 protein? | Abundant ACE2 immunostaining was found in lung, kidney, heart, and islets of pancreas, but not in hepatocytes |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27898090 | In which chromosome are transgenes inserted in the case of the LiPS-A3S line? | Transgenesis of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can enable and empower a variety of studies in stem cell research, including lineage tracing and functional genetics studies. While in recent years much progress has been made in the development of tools for gene targeting, little attention has been given to the identification of sites in the human genome where transgenes can be inserted and reliably expressed. One cell line/clone, LiPS-A3, has an integration site in chromosome 15 maintaining robust expression without silencing. Different transgenes can be inserted therein rapidly and efficiently through recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE). The LiPS-A3 line can greatly facilitate the insertion of reporter and other genes in hPSCs. Targeting transgenes in the LiPS-A3S genomic locus can find broad applications in stem cell research and possibly cell and gene therapy.The LiPS-A3S line of human pluripotent stem cells is inserted via transgenesis from chromosome 15.The LiPS-A3S line of human pluripotent stem cells is inserted into chromosome 15.Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can enable and empower a variety of studies in stem cell research, including lineage tracing and functional genetics studies. In recent years much progress has been made in the development of tools for gene targeting, little attention has been given to the identification of sites in the human genome where transgenes can be inserted and reliably expressed. The LiPS-A3S line of chromosome 15 is one of the few genes with an integration site in chromosome 15. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29577558,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29125801,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29453211,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29787362 | What is a J pouch? | The j pouch is a colonic j-pouch with anastomosis to the rectal stump. It is an accepted form of reconstruction after low anterior resection (lar) for rectal carcinoma.Formation of a colonic J-pouch with anastomosis to the rectal stump is an accepted form of reconstruction after low anterior resection (LAR) for rectal carcinoma total proctocolectomy with outcomes after ileal J-pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) at a single institutionAfter a proctocolectomy or surgery for ulcerative colitis or rectal carcinoma, a ileal J-pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) or J pouch. Formation of a colonic J-pouch with anastomosis to the rectal stump is an accepted form of reconstruction after low anterior resection (LAR). |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29357410,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29407172,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29412704,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30113482 | What is the function of the protein encoded by the gene NKCC2? | The protein function as an Na-K-Cl cotransporter. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18608093,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16802291 | Is celecoxib effective for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis? | No. In a clinical trial, celecoxib did not have a beneficial effect on patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28949029,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28905990,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28960207 | Is the protein MCL-1 anti-apoptotic? | Yes, MCL-1 is an anti-apoptotic protein. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31504118,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29726787,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28446688 | Describe the mechanism of action of Trilaciclib. | Trilaciclib is cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor, which act by inhibiting progression from the G1 to S phases of the cell cycle. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20567999 | How is ZP-PTH delivered to patients? | ZP-PTH uses a transdermal drug-coated microneedle patch system. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20567999 | Which disease is ZP-PTH used for? | ZP-PTH is used for the treatment of osteoporosis. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15056980,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28555925,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19050915,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9587066 | Which gene is mutated in the classic Bartter's syndrome? | Classic Bartter's syndrome has been demonstrated to result from defective chloride transport across the basolateral membrane in the distal nephron due to mutations in the chloride channel gene CLCNKB. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29040459 | What is the purpose of the Unique Connectivity of Uncharged Compounds (UC2) search tool? | The Unique Connectivity of Uncharged Compounds (UC2) search tool uses unique connectivity of uncharged compounds for metabolite annotation by database searching in mass spectrometry-based metabolomics.The Unique Connectivity of Uncharged Compounds (UC2) search tool uses unique connectivity of uncharged compounds for metabolite annotation by database searching in mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. The UC2 search tool is available at http://unc.bioqrator.org/UC2/.The Unique Connectivity of Uncharged Compounds (UC2) search tool is used for metabolite annotation by database searching in mass spectrometry-based metabolomics.For metabolite annotation in metabolomics, variations in the registered states of compounds (charged molecules and multiple components, such as salts) and their redundancy among compound databases could be the cause of misannotations and hamper immediate recognition of the uniqueness of metabolites while searching by mass values measured using mass spectrometry. The search system named UC2 (Unique Connectivity of Uncharged Compounds) has been developed where compounds are tentatively neutralized into uncharged states and stored on the basis of their unique connectivity of atoms after removing their stereochemical information using the first block in the hash of the IUPAC International Chemical Identifier, by which false-positive hits are remarkably reduced, both charged and uncharged compounds are properly searched in a single query and records having a unique connectivity are compiled in a single search result. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29902942 | Name a selective NK3R agonist. | Senktide is a highly potent and selective NK3R agonist. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29872491,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29414040,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30217371 | What is the target of the drug Olmesartan? | Olmesartan (OL) is the pharmacologically active metabolite of Olmesartan medoxomil (OM), an FDA-approved angiotensin II receptor antagonist for administrating cardiovascular diseases |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16887967,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29374079,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30276444 | In which cells does TLR7 escape X-chromosome inactivation? | The tlr7 gene encodes by an x chromosome locus. Tlr7 is encoded by an x-chromosome inactivation in immune cells from women and klinefelter syndrome patients.TLR7 evades silencing by X chromosome inactivation in immune cells.TLR7 escape X-chromosome inactivation by RNA polymerase II (ChIP-seq) DNA methylation to produce active TLR7 in immune cellsTLR7 escape X-chromosome inactivation by becoming activated in response to DNA damage caused by biallelic loss-of-function mutations on the X chromosome. In addition, TLR7 expression can also be observed in a dose-dependent manner in immune cells, such as epithelial cells, monocytes and macrophages.immune cellsTLR7 is encoded by an X chromosome locus, and we examined here whether the TLR7 gene evades silencing by X chromosome inactivation in immune cells from women and Klinefelter syndrome males |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28395661 | Which tool has been developed for prediction of single-cell DNA methylation states using deep learning? | DeepCpG is a computational approach based on deep neural networks to predict methylation states in single cells. By evaluating DeepCpG on single-cell methylation data from five cell types generated using alternative sequencing protocols it turns out that DeepCpG yields substantially more accurate predictions than previous methods.DeepCpG is a computational approach based on deep neural networks to predict single-cell DNA methylation states in single cells. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27425792 | When was vaxchora first licensed by the FDA? | Vaxchora was licensed by the FDA on June 10 2016. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29197875 | What is the active ingredient of Eligard? | The active ingredient of Eligard is leuprorelin acetate. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29197875 | Which company produces Eligard? | Eligard is produced by Astellas Pharma GmbH. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30286710 | Which type of distance is used in the R-package XenofilteR? | The R-package XenofilteR separates mouse from human sequence reads based on the edit-distance between a sequence read and reference genome.XenofilteR separates mouse from human sequence reads based on the edit-distance between a sequence read and reference genome. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27642012,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26447779 | How many copies of TP53 does the elephant genome contain? | Here, we show that the elephant genome encodes 20 copies of the tumor suppressor gene TP53 and that the increase in TP53 copy number occurred coincident with the evolution of large body sizes, the evolution of extreme sensitivity to genotoxic stress, and a hyperactive TP53 signaling pathway in the elephant (Proboscidean) lineage. While humans have 1 copy (2 alleles) of TP53, African elephants have at least 20 copies (40 alleles), including 19 retrogenes (38 alleles) with evidence of transcriptional activity measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Here, we show that the elephant genome encodes 20 copies of the tumor suppressor gene TP53 and that the increase in TP53 copy number occurred coincident with the evolution of large body sizes, the evolution of extreme sensitivity to genotoxic stress, and a hyperactive TP53 signaling pathway in the elephant (Proboscidean) lineage. While humans have 1 copy (2 alleles) of TP53, African elephants have at least 20 copies (40 alleles), including 19 retrogenes (38 alleles) with evidence of transcriptional activity measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.Here, we show that the elephant genome encodes 20 copies of the tumor suppressor gene TP53 and that the increase in TP53 copy number occurred coincident with the evolution of large body sizes, the evolution of extreme sensitivity to genotoxic stress, and a hyperactive TP53 signaling pathway in the elephant (Proboscidean) lineage. While humans have 1 copy (2 alleles) of TP53, African elephants have at least 20 copies (40 alleles), including 19 retrogenes (38 alleles) with evidence of transcriptional activity measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.20Here, we show that the elephant genome encodes 20 copies of the tumor suppressor gene TP53 and that the increase in TP53 copy number occurred coincident with the evolution of large body sizes, the emergence of extreme sensitivity to genotoxic stress, and a hyperactive TP53 signaling pathway.While humans have 1 copy (2 alleles) of TP53, African elephants have at least 20 copies (40 alleles), including 19 retrogenes (38 alleles) with evidence of transcriptional activity measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.In the elephant genome, TP53 is encoded by 20 copies.Here, we show that the elephant genome encodes 20 copies of the tumor suppressor gene TP53 and that the increase in TP53 copy number occurred coincident with the evolution of large body sizes, the evolution of extreme sensitivity to genotoxic stress, and a hyperactive TP53 signaling pathway in the elephant (Proboscidean) lineage.The elephant genome encodes 20 copies of the tumor suppressor gene tp53 and that the evolution of large body sizes, the evolves of extreme sensitivity to genotoxic stress, and a hyperactive tp53 signaling pathway in the elephant (proboscidean) lineage have at least 20 copies (40 alleles), including 19 retrogenes (38 alleles) with evidence of transcriptional activity measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20462282 | Which company originally developed the drug Afrezza? | The inhaled insulin Technosphere, also known as Afrezza is produced by the MannKind Corporation. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29253077 | Which tool exist for predicting drug synergy with deep learning? | Deep Learning has had an impact in many research areas by achieving new state-of-the-art model performance. DeepSynergy has been developed as a tool that uses chemical and genomic information as input information, a normalization strategy to account for input data heterogeneity, and conical layers to model drug synergies.DeepSynergy is an online tool for predicting drug synergy with deep learning. It is a method for predicting anti-cancer drug synergy based on a semi-supervised learning algorithm that is trained on a corpus of k-nearest neighbor data and combines pharmacological, structural and pharmacological features extracted from a large variety of biological datasets. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28139349 | Is ozanezumab effective for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis? | No. Ozanezumab did not show efficacy compared with placebo in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Therefore, Nogo-A does not seem to be an effective therapeutic target in ALS. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24408516,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24507016,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25514064 | Is Dexmecamylamine effective for depression? | No. Antidepressant effect of Dexmecamylamine (TC-5214) was not observed in clinical trials. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27986896 | Which cloud-based platform has been developed for comparing GWAS? | EasyGWAS is a cloud-based platform for comparing the results of Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS).The ever- growing availability of high-quality genotypes for a multitude of species has enabled researchers to explore the underlying genetic architecture of complex phenotypes at an unprecedented level of detail using genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The systematic comparison of results obtained from GWAS of different traits opens up new possibilities, including the analysis of pleiotropic effects. In order to facilitate the simple comparison of GWAS results, easyGWAS has been developed as a powerful, species-independent online resource for computing, storing, sharing, annotating, and comparing GWAS. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29280411 | Can CMB305 be used against sarcomas? | Yes, the CMB205 vaccine is aimed at synovial sarcoma and myxoid/round cell liposarcoma patients. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27069343 | What is Quadracel? | Quadracel (diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis adsorbed and inactivated poliovirus vaccine, Sanofi Pasteur Inc.) is a new vaccination developed to condense the last dose of both DTaP and IPV so they do not have to be given separately, thus reducing the total number of vaccinations required. In a randomized, controlled, phase 3, pivotal trial, Quadracel proved to be as efficacious and safe as Daptacel (diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine adsorbed, Sanofi Pasteur Inc.) and IPOL (poliovirus vaccine inactivated, Sanofi Pasteur Inc.), given separately, to children between the ages of 4 and 6 years. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22149703 | What delivery system is used for the Fluzone Intradermal vaccine? | Fluzone was the first influenza vaccine licensed in the USA that uses a new microinjection system for intradermal delivery of vaccines (Soluvia(tm), Becton Dickinson). |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25485886 | Name two inhalable insulin products. | Despite discontinuation of the first inhalable insulin, Exubera(r), due to suboptimal market acceptance, development of orally inhaled insulin delivery systems has been galvanized by the recent approval of Afrezza(r). |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12615004,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9425238,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17418442,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10508587 | How is the mouse Fxy gene evolving? | Here, we report that the rate of sequence divergence of the 3' end of the Fxy gene is much higher (estimated at 170-fold higher for synonymous sites) when pseudoautosomal (present on both the X and Y chromosomes) than when X-unique.The rate of sequence divergence of the 3' end of the Fxy gene is much higher (estimated at 170-fold higher for synonymous sites) when pseudoautosomal (present on both the X and Y chromosomes) than when X-unique. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25375121,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2847916,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2885758,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18660847,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12566406 | How long in bp is the human pseudoautosomal region 2 (PAR2)? | The human pseudoautosomal region 2 (PAR2), which is located in the long arm of chromosome 9 (LTR6B) and consists of 32 exons, is320-kb long.The 320-kb human pseudoautosomal region 2 (PAR2) at the tips of the long arms of the X and Y chromosomes is thought to have been duplicated onto the Y chromosome recently in primate evolutionThe human pseudoautosomal region 2 (PAR2) is 320-kb long. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23086558,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30569273,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25941654,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31533907,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22968521,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31523950,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20095914,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23231526,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23835333,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24517093,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21719095 | Does teplizumab hold promise for diabetes prevention? | Yes, teplizumab is promising for diabetes prevention. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27884455,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28259515,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27340749,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28801223,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22614361,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30795770,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27198631,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28228103,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26049896,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31080679 | What is another name for acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD)? | Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency(ASMD) is also known as Niemann-Pick disease type A and type B.Historically, ASMD has been classified as Niemann-Pick disease (NPD) types A (NPD A) and B (NPD B). The clinical spectrum distinguishes a severe infantile neurological form (type A), a non-neurological visceral form (type B) and a rare intermediate neurovisceral form.Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) is an autosomal recessive disease with a clinical spectrum ranging from a neurovisceral infantile form (Niemann-Pick disease type A) to a chronic visceral form also encountered in adults (Niemann-Pick disease type B, NP-B)niemann-pick disease |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24458798,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19481194 | What rare disease is associated with a mutation in the GPC6 gene on chromosome 13? | The proband had normal molecular analysis of the glypican 6 gene (GPC6), which was recently reported as a candidate for autosomal recessive omodysplasiaThe proband had normal molecular analysis of the glypican 6 gene (GPC6), which was recently reported as a candidate for autosomal recessive omodysplasiaThe glypican 6 gene (GPC6), which was recently reported as a candidate for autosomal recessive omodysplasia.Omodysplasia is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with a frequency of 1 in 50,000 newborn, and is associated with mutations in the GPC6 gene on chromosome 13. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6791571,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29630160,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28544110,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30394532,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29158168 | What are 3 symptoms of Waardenburg Syndrome? | Waardenburg syndrome is a rare genetic disorder of neural crest cells (NCC) characterized by congenital sensorineural hearing loss, dystopia canthorum, and abnormal iris pigmentation.Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by dystopia canthorum, auditory, pigmentary abnormalities, and sensorineural deafness.Waardenburg syndrome type 1 (WS1) is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder of neural crest cells (NCC) characterized by congenital sensorineural hearing loss, dystopia canthorum, and abnormal iris pigmentation. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30156440 | Does ProSavin use an adenoviral vector? | No, ProSavin is a lentiviral vector based gene therapy. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1640715,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15799699,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18447746,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11538033,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23227384,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8315464,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8081035,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11949834,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15565500,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6930522,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/213536,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2137438 | Does radiation for tinea capitis increases brain tumor risk? | Yes, radiation therapy for tinea capitis is associated with increased risk of meningiomas and gliomas. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27221146,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12046502,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28986324,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30850940,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26369532,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28817209,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24296361,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29178352,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17503740,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9392570,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8774958,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29172480,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23223017,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25416977,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11723754 | What gene is mutated in Huntington's Disease patients? | Huntington's disease (HD) is a fully penetrant neurodegenerative disease caused by a dominantly inherited CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene HTT encoding the Huntingtin protein on chromosome 4.Huntington's disease (HD; OMIM 143100), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is caused by an expanded trinucleotide CAG (polyQ) motif in the huntingtin gene.(HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is caused by abnormal expansion of CAG repeats in the HTT gene.Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is caused by abnormal expansion of CAG repeats in the HTT gene. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28408616,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27708234,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30367041 | List types of cancer where Long intergenic nonprotein coding RNA p53-induced transcript (LINC-PINT) is involved | Long intergenic nonprotein coding RNA p53-induced transcript (LINC-PINT) is involved in the development of pancreatic cancer, glioblastoma and breast cancer.Long intergenic nonprotein coding RNA p53-induced transcript (LINC-PINT) has been implicated in various types of cancer such as glioblastoma, breast cancer and pancreatic cancer.Long intergenic nonprotein coding RNA p53-induced transcript (LINC-PINT) is involved in several types of cancer including pancreatic cancer, glioblastoma and breast cancer. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29047301 | Is pimavanserin a typical antipsychotic? | No, pimavanserin is an atypical antipsychotic. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22221959,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26420226 | Can Flotillin be used as exosomal marker? | Yes,
Flotillin 1 is a known exosomal marker protein. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19695231,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23253430,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17038565,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30444046,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29198826,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20573777 | How many genes belong to the KRAB-ZNF family in the human genome? | The KRAB-ZNF family is a multisubunit protein family comprised of 70 co-regulated genes, denoted KLR1-ZNF15, that is represented by multigene families in the human genome.There are 70 human KRAB-ZNFs. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30927708,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28329763,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29568367,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31826340,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31006307,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29325229,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31543464,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30059193,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29522367,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30137981 | Which molecule is targeted by Asciminib? | Asciminib is an orally administered allosteric inhibitor of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29896174,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24769571,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26290414,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27840203,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28616501,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28466096,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28220326,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28643204,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31226023 | Please list 2 human diseases caused by a coronavirus. | Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and SARS are diseases caused by a coronavirus.MERS and SARS are 2 human diseases caused by coronaviruses |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19058334,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26774818,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6769152,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15725719,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11327124,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29284768,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30226491,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27094840,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29464468,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28057084,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29558895,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26601101,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29417387 | What is characteristic to Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome? | Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome is a rare complication of pelvic inflammatory disease that involves liver capsule inflammation associated with genital tract infection, which is usually caused by Neisseria gonorrhoea and Chlamydia trachomatis. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25984278 | What is the trade name of sildenafil? | The trade name of sildenafil is Viagra. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15253436,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17520018 | How large is the SARS-CoV proteome? | The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) genome is predicted to encode 14 functional open reading frames, leading to the expression of up to 30 structural and non-structural protein products. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31722152,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27163156,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25875256,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31609785 | Is Apremilast effective for Behçet’s Syndrome? | Yes, Apremilast is effective for Behcet's Syndrome |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27035942,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27720644,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26422135,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25562780,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29283431,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17882165 | Is Rad4/XPC a DNA damage sensing protein? | Yes,
DNA damage recognition is achieved by the Rad4/XPC nucleotide excision repair complex. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31417837,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25278622,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26222251,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23250022,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6583309,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21698923,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21194654 | List symptoms of the Hakim Triad? | Triad of Hakim is well known for normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) and includes dementia, gait disturbances and urinary incontinence. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30021380,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29514827,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29407974 | Is the protein ABCG2 transmembrane? | Yes,
the protein ABCG2 is transmembrane. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27906102,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11449317,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12558870,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27866298,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26009571,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20952292,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22908888,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23397792,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12199765,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29330865,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31637750,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21523724,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1771248,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21046312,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26927177,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8865500,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16855507,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23172499,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16434828,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27729091,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26605276 | Can radiotherapy cause radiation induced osteosarcoma? | Yes, Radiation-induced osteosarcomas are a recognized complication of radiation therapy. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3614758,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1006494,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21590441,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19921348,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26366362,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26943439,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8927353,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18704619,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3827637 | What are manifestations of the Saint's Triad? | Saint's Triad includes hiatus hernia, gallstones, and diverticulosis coli. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31088831,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31340094,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30021048,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31602692,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30065926,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31770593,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28341788,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31161538,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29950346,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31544541,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31673875,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28965185,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28416604 | What is the mechanism of action of Erdafitinib? | Erdafitinib is an oral selective pan-fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17108242,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25956531,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30394940,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18603021,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/508371,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1958563,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22155196,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16549717 | Are male or female persons more prone to autoimmunity? | Sex hormones have long been implicated in autoimmune diseases because women account for 80% of cases.Sex hormones have long been implicated in autoimmune diseases because women account for 80% of cases. Most recently, sex chromosome abnormalities and skewed X chromosome inactivation have been suggested as novel players, particularly in later-onset diseases.Sex hormones have long been implicated in autoimmune diseases because women account for 80% of cases. Examples of this autoimmune dimorphism include (but are not limited to) lupus, rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis with the two former more prevalent in females than males and the latter more severe during pregnancy. Most recently, sex chromosome abnormalities and skewed X chromosome inactivation have been suggested as novel players, particularly in later-onset diseases.femalesSex hormones have long been implicated in autoimmune diseases because women account for 80% of cases. Sex hormone expression is altered among patients with autoimmune disease, and this variation of expression contributes to immune dysregulation. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29033382,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26049728,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27881824 | Which is the phenotype of the disease fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva? | Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), a congenital heterotopic ossification (HO) syndrome caused by gain-of-function mutations of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptor ACVR1, manifests with progressive ossification of skeletal muscles, tendons, ligaments, and joints. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22120008,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29517398,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28525751 | Are lamina-associated domains (LADs) associated with transcriptional activation? | Regions of focal DNA hypermethylation and long-range hypomethylation in colorectal cancer coincide with nuclear lamina-associated domains. Such lamina-associated domains (LADs) are thought to help organize chromosomes inside the nucleus and have been associated with gene repression.gene repressionThe nuclear lamina contributes to the regulation of gene expression and to chromatin organization. Such lamina-associated domains (LADs) are thought to help organize chromosomes inside the nucleus and have been associated with gene repression. Regions of focal DNA hypermethylation and long-range hypomethylation in colorectal cancer coincide with nuclear lamina-associated domains. Extensive changes in DNA methylation are common in cancer and may contribute to oncogenesis through transcriptional silencing of tumor-suppressor genes.Regions of focal DNA hypermethylation and long-range hypomethylation in colorectal cancer coincide with nuclear lamina-associated domains. Extensive changes in DNA methylation are common in cancer and may contribute to oncogenesis through transcriptional silencing of tumor-suppressor genes.No, lamina-associated domains (LADs) are involved in transcriptional silencing and chromatin compaction.Such lamina-associated domains (LADs) are thought to help organize chromosomes inside the nucleus and have been associated with gene repression.Such lamina-associated domains (LADs) are thought to help organize chromosomes inside the nucleus and have been associated with gene repression. The nuclear lamina contributes to the regulation of gene expression and to chromatin organization.Lamina-associated domains (LADs) are thought to help organize chromosomes inside the nucleus and have been associated with gene repressionRegions of focal DNA hypermethylation and long-range hypomethylation in colorectal cancer coincide with nuclear lamina-associated domains. Extensive changes in DNA methylation are common in cancer and may contribute to oncogenesis through transcriptional silencing of tumor-suppressor genes. Such lamina-associated domains (LADs) are thought to help organize chromosomes inside the nucleus and have been associated with gene repression. The nuclear lamina contributes to the regulation of gene expression and to chromatin organization. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20039160,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24714983,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29154924,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30500107,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12547233 | Is Hemochromatosis type 4 is caused by a mutation in a recessive gene? | No, Hemochromatosis type 4 is caused by an autosomal dominant genetype 4 hereditary hemochromatosis, an autosomal dominant iron overload condition with variable phenotypic manifestations.Hemochromatosis type 4, also known as ferroportin disease, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder caused by pathogenic mutations in the SLC40A1 gene, which encodes ferroportin 1 (FPN1) |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24518066,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25036040,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28769090,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30255785,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27796074 | What is the purpose of the LINCS Project? | The Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) project aims to create a network-based understanding of biology by cataloging changes in gene expression and signal transduction that occur when cells are exposed to a variety of perturbations.The functional annotation of the mammalian genome using sequencing (LINCS) project aims to systematically map all mammalian cell-type-specific transcriptomes with wide applications in biomedical research. TheLINCS annotation system, consisting of automated computational prediction, manual curation, and final expert curations, facilitated the comprehensive characterization of the human transcriptome, and could be applied to the transcriptomes of other species.The library of Integrated Cellular Signatures Project (LINCS) is an international effort for creating an annotated transcriptome and translating science into improved health care to benefit patients. TheLINCS aims to systematically map all human transcriptomes, chromosome by chromosome, in a gene-dependent manner through dedicated efforts from national and international teams.The Library of Integrated Cellular Signatures (LINCS) project provides comprehensive transcriptome profiling of human cell lines before and after chemical and genetic perturbations. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29472484,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30629588 | Can Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) recapitulate patient responses in the clinic? | Yes. Phenotypic and genotypic profiling of PDOs showed a high degree of similarity to the original patient tumors. Molecular profiling of tumor organoids was matched to drug-screening results, suggesting that PDOs could complement existing approaches in defining cancer vulnerabilities and improving treatment responses. In summary, PDOs can recapitulate patient responses in the clinic and could be implemented in personalized medicine programs.Yes. Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) can recapitulate patient responses in the clinic and could be implemented in personalized medicine programs. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15947963,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28424877,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29944680 | What is Fuchs' Uveitis? | Fuchs' Uveitis (FU) is a chronic, low-grade-inflammatory disorder, involving anterior uvea and vitreous. Fuchs uveitis (FU) is a frequent, chronic course of intraocular inflammation, which is associated with a gradual onset of decreased visual acuity. Fuchs' Uveitis (FU) is a chronic, low-grade-inflammatory disorder, involving anterior uvea and vitreous. Fuchs' Uveitis (FU) is a chronic, low-grade-inflammatory disorder, involving anterior uvea and vitreous. Fuchs uveitis (FU) is a frequent, chronic course of intraocular inflammation, which is associated with a gradual onset of decreased visual acuity.Fuchs' Uveitis (FU) is a chronic, low-grade-inflammatory disorder, involving anterior uvea and vitreous. Fuchs uveitis (FU) is a frequent, chronic course of intraocular inflammation, which is associated with a gradual onset of decreased visual acuity. Fuchs uveitis (FU) is a frequent, chronic course of intraocular inflammation, Fuchs' Uveitis (FU) is a chronic, low-grade-inflammatory disorder, involving anterior uvea and vitreous.Fuchs' Uveitis (FU) is a chronic, low-grade-inflammatory disorder, involving anterior uvea and vitreous. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18089789 | Is overexpression of LY6K associated with better prognosis for non-small cell lung cancer patients? | No, LY6K overexpression is associated with poor prognosis for patients with NSCLC.No, overexpression of LY6K has been found to be associated with poor prognosis for non-small cell lung cancer patients. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26814189,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30444046,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29198826,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17542650,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26738774 | Are the members of the KRAB-ZNF gene family promoting gene repression? | The stem cell zinc finger 1 (SZF1)/ZNF589 protein belongs to the large family of Kruppel-associated box domain-zinc finger (KRAB-ZNF) transcription factors, which are present only in higher vertebrates and epigenetically repress transcription by recruiting chromatin-modifying complexes to the promoter regions of their respective target genes Because KAP1 is recruited to the DNA via interaction with KRAB-ZNF proteins, we suggest that expression of KRAB-ZNF genes may be controlled via an auto-regulatory mechanism involving KAP1.The proteins encoded by these genes, whose expression is often tissue-specific, act as epigenetic suppressors contributing to the addition of repressive chromatin marks and DNA methylation. Here, using a reporter system, we show that TRIM28/ KRAB- ZNFs alter DNA methylation patterns in addition to H3 K9me3 to cause stable gene repression during reprogramming. Using several expression datasets, we identified KRAB- ZNFs ( ZNF114, ZNF483, ZNF589) in the human genome that maintain pluripotency. Further analyses of our data sets link GABPa to cognitive disorders, diabetes, KRAB zinc finger (KRAB-ZNF), and human-specific genes.The stem cell zinc finger 1 (SZF1)/ZNF589 protein belongs to the large family of Kruppel-associated box domain-zinc finger (KRAB-ZNF) transcription factors, which are present only in higher vertebrates and epigenetically repress transcription by recruiting chromatin-modifying complexes to the promoter regions of their respective target genes The proteins encoded by these genes, whose expression is often tissue-specific, act as epigenetic suppressors contributing to the addition of repressive chromatin marks and DNA methylation. The stem cell zinc finger 1 (SZF1)/ZNF589 protein belongs to the large family of Kruppel-associated box domain-zinc finger (KRAB-ZNF) transcription factors, which are present only in higher vertebrates and epigenetically repress transcription by recruiting chromatin-modifying complexes to the promoter regions of their respective target genesThe proteins encoded by these genes, whose expression is often tissue-specific, act as epigenetic suppressors contributing to the addition of repressive chromatin marks and DNA methylation. Because KAP1 is recruited to the DNA via interaction with KRAB-ZNF proteins, we suggest that expression of KRAB-ZNF genes may be controlled via an auto-regulatory mechanism involving KAP1. Using several expression datasets, we identified KRAB-ZNFs (ZNF114, ZNF483, ZNF589) in the human genome that maintain pluripotency. Interestingly, although most KAP1 binding sites were within core promoter regions, the binding sites near ZNF genes were greatly enriched within transcribed regions of the target geneThe proteins encoded by these genes, whose expression is often tissue-specific, act as epigenetic suppressors contributing to the addition of repressive chromatin marks and DNA methylation. Because KAP1 is recruited to the DNA via interaction with KRAB-ZNF proteins, we suggest that expression of KRAB-ZNF genes may be controlled via an auto-regulatory mechanism involving KAP1. Using several expression datasets, we identified KRAB- ZNFs ( ZNF114, ZNF483, ZNF589) in the human genome that maintain pluripotency. Interestingly, although most KAP1 binding sites were within core promoter regions, the binding sites near ZNF genes were greatly enriched within transcribed regions of the target geneThe proteins encoded by KRAB-ZNF genes, whose expression is often tissue-specific, act as epigenetic suppressors contributing to the addition of repressive chromatin marks and DNA methylation. The proteins encoded by these genes, whose expression is often tissue-specific, act as epigenetic suppressors contributing to the addition of repressive chromatin marks and DNA methylation. Here, using a reporter system, we show that TRIM28/KRAB-ZNFs alter DNA methylation patterns in addition to H3K9me3 to cause stable gene repression during reprogramming.Yes, the members of the KRAB-ZNF gene family are involved in gene repression. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28493654 | What does the boxed warning of pimavanserin say? | Pimavanserin bears a boxed warning about the risk of death associated with antipsychotic use in elderly patients with dementia. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25371407 | List Cdk targets that are dephosphorylated during cytokinesis | Aip1, Ede1 and Inn1 are Cdk targets that are dephosphorylated during cytokinesis.The final event of the eukaryotic cell cycle is cytokinesis, when two new daughter cells are born. How the timing and execution of cytokinesis is controlled is poorly understood. A phosphoproteome analysis has identified Aip1, Ede1 and Inn1 as cytokinetic regulators. It seems that cytokinesis is coordinately controlled by the master cell cycle regulator Cdk together with its counteracting phosphatase and that it is executed by concerted dephosphorylation of Cdk targets involved in several cell biological processes.Downregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) activity, together with upregulation of its counteracting phosphatase Cdc14, controls each of the sequential steps of cytokinesis, including furrow ingression, membrane resolution and cell separation in budding yeast. Aip1, Ede1 and Inn1 are Cdk targets that are dephosphorylated at the time of cytoklesis. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21915450,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25224968,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14166458 | What is dystopia canthorum? | Dystopia canthorum is defined as a prominent broad nasal root with increased intercanthal distance. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29264928,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28566086 | Is the protein ABCG2 (ATP-Binding Cassette, subfamily G, member 2, transporter) excreting uric acid? | Yes,
ABCG2 plays a central role on extra-renal uric acid excretion |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27239603,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1480396,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28719537 | What is Heterochromia Iridis? | Heterochromia Iridis is a condition where the affected person has differences in the color of the iris.Heterochromia iridis is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of the iris, characterized by a heterochromatic pattern of inheritance, variable expressivity, and partial or total absence of iris and/or blonde hair.Heterochromia Iridis is a rare autosomal dominant disorder of melanocyte development characterized by heterochromatosis of the coronal, sagittal, and lambdoid sutures. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7756302,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12596908,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7731795,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20829883,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22885008,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29212533,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1731087,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8327500 | How is transcriptional elongation affected by nucleosome positioning? | In order to elongate their products, both DNA and RNA polymerases must be able to overcome the inhibition presented by chromatin. Nucleosome arrays inhibit both initiation and elongation of transcripts. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28854954 | How many annotated conserved human lncRNAs come from ancestral protein-coding genes? | ~ 55~ 55 annotated conserved human lncRNAs are derived from parts of ancestral protein-coding genes, and loss of coding potential is thus a non-negligible source of new lncRNAs. Some lncRNAs inherited regulatory elements influencing transcription and translation from their protein-coding ancestors and those elements can influence the expression breadth and functionality of these lncRNAs. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17977963,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26143613,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23523410,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15227622,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16840346,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28374245,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18683106,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25879867,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27146001,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17604541,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28256358,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19093767,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27327616,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26380340,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29652929,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26949713,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23523407 | Is modified vaccinia Ankara effective for smallpox? | Yes, modified vaccinia Ankara is effective for smallpox. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23265249,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28664834,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31285305,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31747840,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29038968,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31423560,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31112379,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26973429,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31573469,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27560196,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28814429 | Does nintedanib hold promise for lung disease associated with systemic sclerosis? | Yes, nintedanib holds promise for lung disease associated with systemic sclerosis. It is being tested in a clinical trial. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29122012,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29199020,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29140462,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24518066,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27187605,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29322930,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30157183 | What is the LINCS Program? | The Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) is an NIH Common Fund program that catalogs how human cells globally respond to chemical, genetic, and disease perturbations.The National Institutes of Health library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) program is generating extensive multidimensional data sets, including biochemical, genome-wide transcriptional, and phenotypic cellular response signatures to a variety of small-molecule and genetic perturbations with the goal of creating a sustainable, widely applicable, and readily accessible systems biology knowledge resource.To fill this gap, recently, the LINCS program generated almost 1.3 million profiles for over 40,000 drug and genetic perturbations for over 70 different human cell types, including meta information about the experimental conditions and cell lines The Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) program is a national consortium funded by the NIH to generate a diverse and extensive reference library of cell-based perturbation-response signatures, along with novel data analytics tools to improve our understanding of human diseases at the systems levelThe National Institutes of Health Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) program is generating extensive multidimensional data sets, including biochemical, genome-wide transcriptional, and phenotypic cellular response signatures to a variety of small-molecule and genetic perturbations with the goal of creating a sustainable, widely applicable, and readily accessible systems biology knowledge resource. To fill this gap, recently, the LINCS program generated almost 1.3 million profiles for over 40,000 drug and genetic perturbations for over 70 different human cell types, including meta information about the experimental conditions and cell linesThe library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) program is a national consortium funded by the NIH to generate a diverse and extensive reference library of cell-based perturbation-response signatures, along with novel data tools to improve our understanding of human diseases at the systems level.The Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) program is a national consortium funded by the NIH to generate a diverse and extensive reference library of cell-based perturbation-response signatures, along with novel data analytics tools to improve our understanding of human diseases at the systems level. It has generated almost 1.3 million profiles for over 40,000 drug and genetic perturbations for over 70 different human cell types, including meta information about the experimental conditions and cell lines.The Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) is an NIH Common Fund program that catalogs how human cells globally respond to chemical, genetic, and disease perturbations The Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) program is a national consortium funded by the NIH to generate a diverse and extensive reference library of cell-based perturbation-response signatures, along with novel data analytics tools to improve our understanding of human diseases at the systems level |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27621150 | Is PF-05190457 an inverse agonist of the ghrelin receptor? | Yes, PF-05190457 is an inverse agonist of the ghrelin receptor. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27269043,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30681821,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31800988,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31341711,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29691490,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30242830,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29556965,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28644160,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28645128,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30403405,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29136283,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30475090,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31758661,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31020659,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30995909 | Is Ubrogepant effective for migraine? | Yes, Ubrogepant is effective for treatment of migraine. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31433920,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29203585,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31793336,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30352784,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31332020,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31429063,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29381435,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28596644,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29610030,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29257139,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28668761,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29876006 | Is Selinexor effective for multiple myeloma? | Yes, Selinexor is effective for multiple myeloma. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29524657,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29234271,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30308956 | What is the protein product of the gene GBA2? | The GBA2 gene encodes the non-lysosomal glucosylceramidase (NLGase), an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glucosylceramide (GlcCer) to ceramide and glucose. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30401432 | Are there lncRNAs that control the extent of neuronal outgrowth? | Yes. there are lncRNAs which regulate the extent of neuronal outgrowth.Yes. LncRNAs are involved in a variety of biological processes, including the epigenetic control of gene expression, post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA, and neuronal outgrowth. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19356911,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23302218 | Can the radiation of cellphones be dangerous? | two sets of more recent studies with longer exposure duration: the Interphone studies and the Swedish studies led by Dr. Lennart Hardell. The recent studies reach very different conclusions. With four exceptions the industry-funded Interphone studies found no increased risk of brain tumors from cellphone use, while the Swedish studies, independent of industry funding, reported numerous findings of significant increased brain tumor risk from cellphone and cordless phone use. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29807100,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29422962,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29444159,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30053447 | Does metformin has as an antitumor effect? | Yes, The anti-tumor effect of metformin is widely known. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15850899,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20418026,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18447746,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9032855,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22922437,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28731398,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19240608,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29104836 | Can radiation induced meningiomas be treated with radiosurgery? | Yes, radiation induced meningiomas be treated with radiosurgery. Radiosurgery provides satisfactory control of radiation induced meningiomas. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29156345,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29532689,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28566124,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26996264,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30355644,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29740318 | What is known about ROS production in relation to UVR? | Skin exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) may induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which cause oxidative stress, DNA damage, and alteration of fibroblasts and collagen responsible for skin photoaging. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19341181,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9891923,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21993386,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/623681,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27481040,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23821660 | Which drugs used in the treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus are targeting granulocytes? | Epratuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against disialoganglioside, is the only officially approved treatment for the treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Food and Drug Administration approval of SLE treatment with rituximab; however, more research is required before a large-scale application for clinical decision-making can be recommended.Systems responded to rituximab and cyclophosphamide.Cyclophosphamide and rituximab are used in the treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. GLPG-0634 and INCB18424 are other drugs that target and neutralize granulocytes. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29514181 | What is PWMScan? | Transcription factors regulate gene expression by binding to specific short DNA sequences of 5-20 bp to regulate the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA. PWMScan is a fast web-based tool to scan server-resident genomes for matches to a user-supplied PWM or transcription factor binding site model from a public database. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29310832 | Is there a BRCA mutation analysis in the Greek population? | Yes. Molecular analysis of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in 898 Greek families was performed using Sanger sequencing or Next Generation Sequencing for the detection of small insertion/deletion frameshift, nonsynonymous, truncating and splice-site alterations and MLPA for the detection of large genomic rearrangements. In total, a pathogenic mutation was identified in 12.9% of 898 families analyzed. Of the 116 mutations identified in total 9% were novel and 14.7% were large genomic rearrangements. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16972870,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26383089,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16938559,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16503134,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28189763,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29738692 | What is the basis of the DamID experimental protocol? | Dam Identification (DamID) system induced by Cre recombinase using Lamin B1 and mouse embryonic fibroblasts. This inducible system will help to generate genome-wide profiles of chromatin proteins in given cell types and tissues with no need to dissect tissues from organs or separate cells from tissues, which is achieved by using specific regulatory DNA elements and due to the high sensitivity of the method. DNA adenine methyltransferase identification (DamID) has emerged as one of the most comprehensive and versatile methods available for profiling protein-DNA interactions on a genomic scale. Recently, a novel methylation-based tagging technique, termed DamID (DNA adenine methyltransferase identification), has emerged as a powerful tool to decipher transcriptional networks, to study chromatin-associated proteins, and to monitor higher-order chromatin organization on a genome-wide scale. We show here that the in vivo methylation-based tagging technique DamID (DNA adenine methyltransferase identification) can be used for studies of DNA-protein interactions or chromatin profiling in plants DamID is a powerful method used to map the genomic interaction sites of these proteins in vivo It is based on fusing a protein of interest to Escherichia coli DNA adenine methyltransferase (dam). Expression of this fusion protein in vivo leads to preferential methylation of adenines in DNA surrounding the native binding sites of the dam fusion partner. Because adenine methylation does not occur endogenously in most eukaryotes, it provides a unique tag to mark protein interaction sites. DNA adenine methyltransferase identification (DamID) is an enzymatic technology for detecting DNA regions targeted by chromatin-associated proteins. Overall, DamID is highly robust: while the orientation of WT Dam fusions can affect the size of the target sets, their signatures remained largely reproducible. Recently, a novel methylation-based tagging technique, termed DamID (DNA adenine methyltransferase identification), has emerged as a powerful tool to decipher transcriptional networks, to study chromatin-associated proteins, and to monitor higher-order chromatin organization on a genome-wide scale. We show here that the in vivo methylation-based tagging technique DamID (DNA adenine methyltransferase identification) can be used for studies of DNA-protein interactions or chromatin profiling in plants Expression of this fusion protein in vivo leads to preferential methylation of adenines in DNA surrounding the native binding sites of the dam fusion partner. Because adenine methylation does not occur endogenously in most eukaryotes, it provides a unique tag to mark protein interaction sites. DNA adenine methyltransferase identification (DamID) is an enzymatic technology for detecting DNA regions targeted by chromatin-associated proteins. Overall, DamID is highly robust: while the orientation of WT Dam fusions can affect the size of the target sets, their signatures remained largely reproducible. Dam Identification (DamID) system induced by Cre recombinase using Lamin B1 and mouse embryonic fibroblasts. It is based on fusing a protein of interest to Escherichia coli DNA adenine methyltransferase (dam). Expression of this fusion protein in vivo leads to preferential methylation of adenines in DNA surrounding the native binding sites of the dam fusion partner. Because adenine methylation does not occur endogenously in most eukaryotes, it provides a unique tag to mark protein interaction sites. DNA adenine methyltransferase identification (DamID) is an enzymatic technology for detecting DNA regions targeted by chromatin-associated proteins. Overall, DamID is highly robust: while the orientation of WT Dam fusions can affect the size of the target sets, their signatures remained largely reproducible.DNA adenine methyltransferase identification (DamID) has emerged as one of the most comprehensive and versatile methods available for profiling protein-DNA interactions on a genomic scale. It is based on fusing a protein of interest to Escherichia coli DNA adenine methyltransferase (dam). Expression of this fusion protein in vivo leads to preferential methylation of adenines in DNA surrounding the native binding sites of the dam fusion partner. Because adenine methylation does not occur endogenously in most eukaryotes, it provides a unique tag to mark protein interaction sites.This inducible system will help to generate genome-wide profiles of chromatin proteins in given cell types and tissues with no need to dissect tissues from organs or separate cells from tissues, which is achieved by using specific regulatory DNA elements and due to the high sensitivity of the method. DNA adenine methyltransferase identification (DamID) has emerged as one of the most comprehensive and versatile methods available for profiling protein-DNA interactions on a genomic scale. DamID is a powerful method used to map the genomic interaction sites of these proteins in vivo Expression of this fusion protein in vivo leads to preferential methylation of adenines in DNA surrounding the native binding sites of the dam fusion partner. Because adenine methylation does not occur endogenously in most eukaryotes, it provides a unique tag to mark protein interaction sites. Overall, DamID is highly robust: while the orientation of WT Dam fusions can affect the size of the target sets, their signatures remained largely reproducible.DamID is a powerful method used to map the genomic interaction sites of these proteins in vivo It is based on fusing a protein of interest to Escherichia coli DNA adenine methyltransferase (dam). Expression of this fusion protein in vivo leads to preferential methylation of adenines in DNA surrounding the native binding sites of the dam fusion partner. Because adenine methylation does not occur endogenously in most eukaryotes, it provides a unique tag to mark protein interaction sites. DNA adenine methyltransferase identification (DamID) is an enzymatic technology for detecting DNA regions targeted by chromatin-associated proteins. Overall, DamID is highly robust: while the orientation of WT Dam fusions can affect the size of the target sets, their signatures remained largely reproducible. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25918242,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1330823,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29905868,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8844144,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21098123,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16455495,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9450930,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21057455,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24100010 | What is the function of the Spt6 gene in yeast? | Spt6 is a highly conserved histone chaperone that interacts directly with both RNA polymerase II and histones to regulate gene expression. Spt6 is a highly conserved factor required for normal transcription and chromatin structure. Binding of elongation factor Spt6 to Iws1 provides an effective means for coupling eukaryotic mRNA synthesis, chromatin remodelling and mRNA export. Spt6 Is Essential for rRNA Synthesis by RNA Polymerase I. Spt6 (suppressor of Ty6) has many roles in transcription initiation and elongation by RNA polymerase (Pol) II. We identify the histone H3-H4 chaperone Spt6 as the factor that mediates nucleosome reassembly onto the PHO5, PHO8, ADH2, ADY2, and SUC2 promoters during transcriptional repression.Spt6 is a highly conserved histone chaperone that interacts directly with both RNA polymerase II and histones to regulate gene expression. Spt6 is a highly conserved factor required for normal transcription and chromatin structure.Spt6 is a highly conserved histone chaperone that interacts directly with both RNA polymerase II and histones to regulate gene expression.Spt6 is a highly conserved histone chaperone that interacts directly with both RNA polymerase II and histones to regulate gene expression. Spt6 is a highly conserved factor required for normal transcription and chromatin structure. Binding of elongation factor Spt6 to Iws1 provides an effective means for coupling eukaryotic mRNA synthesis, chromatin remodelling and mRNA export. Spt6 Is Essential for rRNA Synthesis by RNA Polymerase I. Spt6 (suppressor of Ty6) has many roles in transcription initiation and elongation by RNA polymerase (Pol) II. These effects are mediated through interactions with histones, transcription factors, and the RNA polymerase. Two lines of evidence suggest that Spt6 also plays a role in rRNA synthesis. We identify the histone H3-H4 chaperone Spt6 as the factor that mediates nucleosome reassembly onto the PHO5, PHO8, ADH2, ADY2, and SUC2 promoters during transcriptional repression. Previous characterization of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Spt4, Spt5, and Spt6 proteins suggested that these proteins act as transcription factors that modify chromatin structure. The SPT4, SPT5, and SPT6 gene products define a class of transcriptional repressors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that are thought to function through their effects on chromatin assembly or stability. The SPT4, SPT5 and SPT6 genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were identified originally by mutations that suppress delta insertion mutations at HIS4 and LYS2. Taken together, these genetic and biochemical results indicate that SPT4, SPT5 and SPT6 function together in a transcriptional process that is essential for viability in yeast. Next, we showed that CK2 interacts with the major histone chaperone Spt6, and phosphorylates it in vivo and in vitro. CK2 phosphorylation of Spt6 is required for its cellular levels Spt6 is a highly conserved histone chaperone that interacts directly with both RNA polymerase II and histones to regulate gene expression. A transcriptional elongation factor, Spt6 is essential for rRNA Synthesis by RNA Polymerase I. Spt6 is the factor that mediates nucleosome reassembly onto the PHO5, PHO8, ADH2, ADY2, and SUC2 promoters during transcriptional repression.These effects are mediated through interactions with histones, transcription factors, and the RNA polymerase. Spt6 is a highly conserved factor required for normal transcription and chromatin structure. Two lines of evidence suggest that Spt6 also plays a role in rRNA synthesis. We identify the histone H3-H4 chaperone Spt6 as the factor that mediates nucleosome reassembly onto the PHO5, PHO8, ADH2, ADY2, and SUC2 promoters during transcriptional repression.These effects are mediated through interactions with histones, transcription factors, and the RNA polymerase. Spt6 is a highly conserved factor required for normal transcription and chromatin structure. Two lines of evidence suggest that Spt6 also plays a role in rRNA synthesis. We identify the histone H3-H4 chaperone Spt6 as the factor that mediates nucleosome reassembly onto the PHO5, PHO8, ADH2, ADY2, and SUC2 promoters during transcriptional repression. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28493654 | What has pimavanserin been approved for by the FDA (2018)? | Pimavanserin was approved for the treatment of hallucinations and delusions associated with Parkinson's disease psychosis. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29887379 | List the members of a network of noncoding regulatory RNAs that play a role in the mammalian brain | In mice, the long ncRNA Cyrano uses an extensively paired site to miR-7 to trigger destruction of this microRNA. Cyrano-directed miR-7 degradation is much more effective than previously described examples of target-directed microRNA degradation, which come primarily from studies of artificial and viral RNAs. By reducing miR-7 levels, Cyrano prevents repression of miR-7-targeted mRNAs and enables accumulation of Cdr1as, a circular RNA known to regulate neuronal activity. Without Cyrano, excess miR-7 causes cytoplasmic destruction of Cdr1as in neurons, in part through enhanced slicing of Cdr1as by a second miRNA, miR-671. Thus, several types of ncRNAs can collaborate to establish a sophisticated regulatory network. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24412048 | Has ProSavin undergone phase IV clinical trials by 2018? | No, ProSavin has undergone a dose escalation, open-label, phase 1/2 trial. |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25525844 | List approved radioprotective compounds | Only two radioprotective compounds, amifostine and palifermin, currently have the US FDA approval for use in radiation therapy. |