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22,447,396 | Are common NOD2 risk variants in African Americans with Crohn 's disease due exclusively to recent Caucasian admixture? | {
"contexts": [
"Crohn's disease (CD) is highly heritable. NOD2 has emerged as the main susceptibility gene among individuals of European ancestry; however, NOD2 does not appear to contribute to CD susceptibility among many non-European populations. Today's African American (AA) population represents an admixture of West African (80%) and European (20%) ancestry. Since genotype-based tools are becoming increasingly available for CD, it is important that we validate the risk variants in different populations, such as admixed AAs.",
"We analyzed the NOD2 variants among admixed AAs (n = 321, 240 with CD and 111 healthy controls [HCs]) and nonadmixed West Africans (n = 40) by genotyping four known disease-causing NOD variants. We extracted the publicly available 1000 Genomes data on NOD2 variants from 500 subjects of West African origin. Association with disease was evaluated by logistic regression.",
"An association with CD was found for the classical single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 1007fs (2.6% CD, 0% HC, P = 0.012); there was no association when the genotypic and allelic frequencies of the risk alleles were compared for SNPs R702W and G908R. No known NOD2 risk alleles were seen in either the West African cohort or in subjects of African ancestry from the 1000 Genomes project."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Africa, Western",
"African Americans",
"Alleles",
"Crohn Disease",
"European Continental Ancestry Group",
"Gene Frequency",
"Genetic Predisposition to Disease",
"Genotype",
"Humans",
"Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein",
"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide",
"Risk Factors"
]
} | The NOD2 gene is a risk for CD in AAs, although the allele frequencies and the attributable risk are much lower compared with Caucasians. The risk alleles are not seen in the West African population, suggesting that the risk for CD contributed by NOD2 among AAs is due exclusively to recent European admixture. | yes | pub_med_qa40000 | [
{
"content": "ํฌ๋ก ๋ณ์ ์๊ณ ์๋ ์ํ๋ฆฌ์นด๊ณ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์ ์ผ๋ฐ์ ์ธ NOD2 ์ํ ๋ณ์ด๋ ์ต๊ทผ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ํผํฉ๋ฌผ์๋ง ๊ธฐ์ธํฉ๋๊น?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\nํฌ๋ก ๋ณ(CD)์ ์ ์ ์ฑ์ด ๋งค์ฐ ๋์ต๋๋ค. NOD2๋ ์ ๋ฝ ํํต์ ๊ฐ์ง ๊ฐ์ธ๋ค ์ฌ์ด์์ ์ฃผ์ ๊ฐ์์ฑ ์ ์ ์๋ก ๋ถ์ํ์ง๋ง, NOD2๋ ๋ง์ ๋น์ ๋ฝ์ธ๋ค ์ฌ์ด์์ CD ๊ฐ์์ฑ์ ๊ธฐ์ฌํ์ง ์๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ณด์
๋๋ค. ์ค๋๋ ์ํ๋ฆฌ์นด๊ณ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ(AA) ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ ์์ํ๋ฆฌ์นด๊ณ(80%)์ ์ ๋ฝ๊ณ(20%) ํํต์ ํผํฉ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ํ๋
๋๋ค. ์ ์ ์ํ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ ๋๊ตฌ๊ฐ CD์ ์ ์ ๋ ๋ง์ด ์ฌ์ฉ๋๊ณ ์๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์, ํผํฉ๋ AA์ ๊ฐ์ ๋ค์ํ ์ธ๊ตฌ ์ง๋จ์์ ์ํ ๋ณ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒ์ฆํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์ค์ํฉ๋๋ค.\n\n2)\n์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ง๋ณ์ ์ ๋ฐํ๋ ๋ค ๊ฐ์ง ์๋ ค์ง NOD ๋ณ์ด๋ฅผ ์ ์ ์ํ ๋ถ์ํ์ฌ ํผํฉ๋ AA(n = 321, 240 ๋ฐ CD์ 111๊ฐ์ ๊ฑด๊ฐํ ๋์กฐ๊ตฐ [HCs])์ ๋นํผํฉ ์์ํ๋ฆฌ์นด์ธ(n = 40) ์ฌ์ด์ NOD2 ๋ณ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ํ์ต๋๋ค. ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์์ํ๋ฆฌ์นด ์ถ์ 500๋ช
์ ํผํ์๋ก๋ถํฐ NOD2 ๋ณ์ด์ ๋ํ ๊ณต๊ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ด์ฉ ๊ฐ๋ฅํ 1000๊ฐ์ ๊ฒ๋ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ฅผ ์ถ์ถํ์ต๋๋ค. ์ง๋ณ๊ณผ์ ์ฐ๊ด์ฑ์ ๋ก์ง์คํฑ ํ๊ท๋ฅผ ํตํด ํ๊ฐ๋์์ต๋๋ค.\n\n3)\n๊ณ ์ ์ ์ธ ๋จ์ผ ๋ดํด๋ ์คํ์ด๋ ๋คํ์ฑ(SNP) 1007fs(CD 2.6%, HC 0%, P = 0.012)์ ๋ํด CD์์ ์ฐ๊ด์ฑ์ด ๋ฐ๊ฒฌ๋์์ผ๋ฉฐ, SNP R702W์ G908R์ ๋ํด ์ํ ๋๋ฆฝ์ ์ ์์ ์ ์ ์ํ ๋ฐ ๋๋ฆฝ์ ์ ์ ๋น๋๋ฅผ ๋น๊ตํ์ ๋๋ ์ฐ๊ด์ฑ์ด ์์์ต๋๋ค. ์์ํ๋ฆฌ์นด ์ฝํธํธ๋ 1000 ์ ์ ์ฒด ํ๋ก์ ํธ์ ์ํ๋ฆฌ์นด ํํต ํผํ์๋ค์์๋ ์๋ ค์ง NOD2 ์ํ ๋๋ฆฝ์ ์ ์๊ฐ ๊ด์ฐฐ๋์ง ์์์ต๋๋ค.",
"role": "passage"
}
] | The NOD2 gene is a risk for CD in AAs, although the allele frequencies and the attributable risk are much lower compared with Caucasians. The risk alleles are not seen in the West African population, suggesting that the risk for CD contributed by NOD2 among AAs is due exclusively to recent European admixture. | NOD2 ์ ์ ์๋ ๋ฐฑ์ธ์ ๋นํด ๋๋ฆฝ ์ ์ ์ ๋น๋์ ๊ท์ธ ์ํ์ด ํจ์ฌ ๋ฎ์ง๋ง, AA์์ CD์ ์ํ์ ์ฌ์ ํ ๋ฎ์ต๋๋ค. ์์ํ๋ฆฌ์นด ์ธ๊ตฌ์์๋ ์ด๋ฌํ ์ํ ๋๋ฆฝ ์ ์ ์๊ฐ ๋ํ๋์ง ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ AA์์ NOD2๊ฐ ๊ธฐ์ฌํ๋ CD์ ์ํ์ด ์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ต๊ทผ ์ ๋ฝ ํผํฉ๋ฌผ์ ๊ธฐ์ธํ๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ์์ฌํฉ๋๋ค. |
22,431,347 | Does endovascular stent provide more effective early relief of SVC obstruction compared to balloon angioplasty? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether superior vena cava (SVC) stent implantation is superior to balloon angioplasty for relieving SVC stenosis.",
"SVC stent and balloon dilation have been used as treatment for SVC stenosis. Although safe and effective, outcome data comparing the two methods are limited.",
"A Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium review identified SVC stenosis. Patients who required SVC intervention were divided into two subgroups-balloon dilation (Group A) and stent implantation (Group B). Logistic regression and the log-rank test were used to test the need for re-intervention within 6 months after the initial procedure.",
"SVC intervention was performed on 210/637 patients with SVC stenosis (33%). There were 108/210 (51%) patients with balloon dilation (Group A) and 102/210 (49%) with stent implantation (Group B). Re-intervention within 6 months of the initial intervention was more common in Group A compared to Group B [Group A = 31/40 (77.5%); Group B = 5/22 (22.7%)]. The odds-ratio for re-intervention within 6 months of the initial procedure for balloon vs. stent, is 7.3 [95% CI: (2.91, 22.3), P < 0.0001]. In addition, during the first 6 months after an intervention for SVC stenosis the proportion of patients with stent implantation that remained free of re-intervention was significantly higher than after balloon angioplasty (log-rank test, P < 0.0001). Neither age nor weight was significantly associated with the need for re-intervention."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Angiography",
"Angioplasty, Balloon",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Endovascular Procedures",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Infant",
"Infant, Newborn",
"Male",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Stents",
"Superior Vena Cava Syndrome",
"Time Factors",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Young Adult"
]
} | SVC stent implantation is more effective than angioplasty in relief of SVC obstruction. Weight and age are not risk factors for early re-intervention. | yes | pub_med_qa40001 | [
{
"content": "ํ๊ด ๋ด ์คํ
ํธ๊ฐ ํ์ ํ๊ด ์ฑํ์ ์ ๋นํด SVC ํ์๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ธฐ์ ๋ ํจ๊ณผ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ํํ ์ ์์ต๋๊น?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "ํ๊ด ๋ด ์คํ
ํธ๊ฐ ํ์ ํ๊ด ์ฑํ์ ์ ๋นํด SVC ํ์๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ธฐ์ ๋ ํจ๊ณผ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ํํ ์ ์์ต๋๊น?",
"role": "passage"
}
] | SVC stent implantation is more effective than angioplasty in relief of SVC obstruction. Weight and age are not risk factors for early re-intervention. | SVC ์คํ
ํธ ์ฝ์
์ ํ๊ด ์ฑํ์ ๋ณด๋ค SVC ํ์ ์ํ์ ๋ ํจ๊ณผ์ ์
๋๋ค. ์ฒด์ค๊ณผ ๋์ด๋ ์กฐ๊ธฐ ์ฌ๊ฐ์
์ ์ํ ์์๊ฐ ์๋๋๋ค. |
22,432,063 | Do specific chromosomal IG translocations have different prognoses in chronic lymphocytic leukemia? | {
"contexts": [
"Chromosomal translocations are usually analyzed as a single entity, and are associated with a poor outcome in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Translocations involving immunoglobulin genes are recurrent, but uncommon (<5%), and their individual prognosis is not clear. The two most frequent partners are BCL2 (18q21) and BCL3 (19q13).",
"Herein, 75 cases are reported of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and t(14;18) (BCL2-CLLs). Our series benefits from morphological, immunological and cytogenetical reviews. The IGHV status analyses were performed by referring laboratories. Comparison was made with our previously published series of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with t(14;19) (BCL3-CLLs, n=29).",
"Compared with BCL3-CLLs, lymphocytosis was lower in BCL2-CLLs (p<0.008), and splenomegaly was less frequent (p<0.0001). There were more \"typical\" morphologies (p<0.005) and Matutes scores >4 (p<0.001) in the BCL2-CLLs group, and less CD38 expression (p<0.04). More variant BCL2-translocations were observed (t(18;22), n=11; 2t(2;18), n=2; p<0.02), and BCL2-translocation was frequently single (p<0.002). Complex karyotypes (p<0.02), trisomy 12 (p<0.03), 6q deletion (p<0.002) and TP53 deletion (p<0.02) were less frequent in BCL2-CLLs, whereas 13q deletion was more frequent (p<0.005). The IGHV gene was frequently mutated in BCL2-CLLs (p<0.0001). Treatment-free survival was longer in BCL2-CLLs (p<0.0001)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | BCL2-CLL.S express CD5 and lack expression of CD38, and have a Matutes score โฅ4, frequent trisomy 12, no ATM and 6q deletions, and a mutated IGHV status. Compared to BCL3-CLLs, BCL2-CLLs are much less aggressive; indicating that identifying individual translocations and cytogenetic partners would allow improved patient stratification. | yes | pub_med_qa40002 | [
{
"content": "๋ง์ฑ ๋ฆผํ๊ตฌ์ฑ ๋ฐฑํ๋ณ์์ ํน์ ์ผ์์ฒด IG ์ ์๋ ์ํ๊ฐ ๋ค๋ฅธ๊ฐ์?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "๋ง์ฑ ๋ฆผํ๊ตฌ์ฑ ๋ฐฑํ๋ณ์์ ํน์ ์ผ์์ฒด IG ์ ์๋ ์ํ๊ฐ ๋ค๋ฅธ๊ฐ์?",
"role": "passage"
}
] | BCL2-CLL.S express CD5 and lack expression of CD38, and have a Matutes score โฅ4, frequent trisomy 12, no ATM and 6q deletions, and a mutated IGHV status. Compared to BCL3-CLLs, BCL2-CLLs are much less aggressive; indicating that identifying individual translocations and cytogenetic partners would allow improved patient stratification. | BCL2-CLL.S๋ CD5๋ฅผ ๋ฐํํ๊ณ CD38์ ๋ฐํ์ด ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, Matutes ์ ์ โฅ 4, ๋น๋ฒํ ์ผ์ถ์ 12, ATM ๋ฐ 6q ๊ฒฐ์ ์์, ๋์ฐ๋ณ์ด IGHV ์ํ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์์ต๋๋ค. BCL3-CLL์ ๋นํด BCL2-CLL์ ํจ์ฌ ๋ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ ๊ฐ๋ณ ์ ์์ ์ธํฌ์ ์ ํ์ ํํธ๋๋ฅผ ์๋ณํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ํ์ ๊ณ์ธตํ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ ํ ์ ์์์ ๋ํ๋
๋๋ค. |
22,448,228 | Does the adaptor molecule Nck localize the WAVE complex to promote actin polymerization during CEACAM3-mediated phagocytosis of bacteria? | {
"contexts": [
"CEACAM3 is a granulocyte receptor mediating the opsonin-independent recognition and phagocytosis of human-restricted CEACAM-binding bacteria. CEACAM3 function depends on an intracellular immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-like sequence that is tyrosine phosphorylated by Src family kinases upon receptor engagement. The phosphorylated ITAM-like sequence triggers GTP-loading of Rac by directly associating with the guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Vav. Rac stimulation in turn is critical for actin cytoskeleton rearrangements that generate lamellipodial protrusions and lead to bacterial uptake.",
"In our present study we provide biochemical and microscopic evidence that the adaptor proteins Nck1 and Nck2, but not CrkL, Grb2 or SLP-76, bind to tyrosine phosphorylated CEACAM3. The association is phosphorylation-dependent and requires the Nck SH2 domain. Overexpression of the isolated Nck1 SH2 domain, RNAi-mediated knock-down of Nck1, or genetic deletion of Nck1 and Nck2 interfere with CEACAM3-mediated bacterial internalization and with the formation of lamellipodial protrusions. Nck is constitutively associated with WAVE2 and directs the actin nucleation promoting WAVE complex to tyrosine phosphorylated CEACAM3. In turn, dominant-negative WAVE2 as well as shRNA-mediated knock-down of WAVE2 or the WAVE-complex component Nap1 reduce internalization of bacteria."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Actins",
"Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing",
"Blotting, Western",
"Carcinoembryonic Antigen",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Flow Cytometry",
"Fluorescent Antibody Technique",
"Humans",
"Immunoprecipitation",
"Neisseria gonorrhoeae",
"Nuclear Proteins",
"Oncogene Proteins",
"Phagocytosis",
"Phosphoproteins",
"Phosphorylation",
"Pseudopodia",
"RNA, Small Interfering",
"Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein Family",
"src Homology Domains"
]
} | Our results provide novel mechanistic insight into CEACAM3-initiated phagocytosis. We suggest that the CEACAM3 ITAM-like sequence is optimized to co-ordinate a minimal set of cellular factors needed to efficiently trigger actin-based lamellipodial protrusions and rapid pathogen engulfment. | yes | pub_med_qa40003 | [
{
"content": "์ด๋ํฐ ๋ถ์ Nck๋ CEACAM3 ๋งค๊ฐ ๋ฐํ
๋ฆฌ์์ ์๊ท ์์ฉ ๋์ ์กํด ์คํฉ์ ์ด์งํ๊ธฐ ์ํด WAVE ๋ณตํฉ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ตญ์ํํฉ๋๊น?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\nCEACAM3๋ ์ธ๊ฐ ์ ํ CEACAM ๊ฒฐํฉ ๋ฐํ
๋ฆฌ์์ ์ต์๋ ๋น์์กด์ ์ธ์ ๋ฐ ์์ธํฌ ์์ฉ์ ๋งค๊ฐํ๋ ๊ณผ๋ฆฝ๊ตฌ ์์ฉ์ฒด์
๋๋ค. CEACAM3์ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ ์์ฉ์ฒด ๊ฒฐํฉ ์ Src ๊ณ์ด ํค๋์ ์ ์ํด ์ธ์ฐํ๋๋ ์ธํฌ ๋ด ๋ฉด์ญ์์ฉ์ฒด ํฐ๋ก์ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ ํ์ฑํ ๋ชจํฐํ(ITAM) ์ ์ฌ ์์ด์ ์์กดํฉ๋๋ค. ์ธ์ฐํ๋ ITAM ์ ์ฌ ์์ด์ ๊ตฌ์๋ ๋ดํด๋ ์คํ์ด๋ ๊ตํ ์ธ์(GEF) Vav์ ์ง์ ๊ฒฐํฉํ์ฌ Rac์ GTP ๋ก๋ฉ์ ์ ๋ฐํฉ๋๋ค. Rac ์๊ทน์ ๋ผ๋ฉ๋ฆฌํฌ๋์ผ ๋์ถ๋ถ๋ฅผ ์์ฑํ๊ณ ๋ฐํ
๋ฆฌ์ ํก์๋ฅผ ์ ๋ํ๋ ์กํด ์ธํฌ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ ์ฌ๋ฐฐ์ด์ ๋งค์ฐ ์ค์ํฉ๋๋ค.\n\n2)\n๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์๋ ์ด๋ํฐ ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง Nck1๊ณผ Nck2๊ฐ ํฐ๋ก์ ์ธ์ฐํ CEACAM3์ ๊ฒฐํฉํ์ง๋ง CrkL, Grb2 ๋๋ SLP-76์ ๊ฒฐํฉํ์ง ์๋๋ค๋ ์ํํ์ ๋ฐ ๋ฏธ์์ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ณตํฉ๋๋ค. ์ด ๊ฒฐํฉ์ ์ธ์ฐํ ์์กด์ ์ด๋ฉฐ Nck SH2 ๋๋ฉ์ธ์ด ํ์ํฉ๋๋ค. ๋ถ๋ฆฌ๋ Nck1 SH2 ๋๋ฉ์ธ์ ๊ณผ๋ฐํ, Nck1์ RNAi ๋งค๊ฐ ๋
น๋ค์ด, ๋๋ Nck1๊ณผ Nck2์ ์ ์ ์ ๊ฒฐ์์ CEACAM3 ๋งค๊ฐ ๋ฐํ
๋ฆฌ์ ๋ด์ฌํ์ ๋ผ๋ฉ๋ฆฌํฌ๋์ผ ๋์ถ๋ถ์ ํ์ฑ์ ๋ฐฉํดํฉ๋๋ค. Nck๋ WAVE2์ ๊ตฌ์ฑ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ฐ๊ด๋์ด ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, WAVE ๋ณตํฉ์ฒด๋ฅผ ํฐ๋ก์ ์ธ์ฐํ CEACAM3๋ก ์ ๋ํฉ๋๋ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์ผ๋ก WAVE2์ ์ฐ์ฑ ์์ฑ WAVE2 ๋๋ WAVE ๋ณตํฉ์ฒด ๊ตฌ์ฑ ์์ Nap1์ shRNA ๋งค๊ฐ ๋
น๋ค์ด์ ๋ฐํ
๋ฆฌ์ ๋ด์ฌํ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์์ํต๋๋ค.",
"role": "passage"
}
] | Our results provide novel mechanistic insight into CEACAM3-initiated phagocytosis. We suggest that the CEACAM3 ITAM-like sequence is optimized to co-ordinate a minimal set of cellular factors needed to efficiently trigger actin-based lamellipodial protrusions and rapid pathogen engulfment. | ์ฐ๋ฆฌ์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ CEACAM3์ ์ํด ์ ๋ฐ๋ ์์ธํฌ์์ฉ์ ๋ํ ์๋ก์ด ๊ธฐ๊ณ๋ก ์ ํต์ฐฐ์ ์ ๊ณตํฉ๋๋ค. ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ CEACAM3 ITAM ์ ์ฌ ์์ด์ด ์กํด ๊ธฐ๋ฐ์ ๋ผ๋ฉ๋ฆฌํฌ๋์ผ ๋์ถ๋ถ์ ๋น ๋ฅธ ๋ณ์์ฒด ์ผํด์ ํจ์จ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ๋ฐํ๋ ๋ฐ ํ์ํ ์ต์ํ์ ์ธํฌ ์ธ์ ์ธํธ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ํ๋๋ก ์ต์ ํ๋์๋ค๊ณ ์ ์ํฉ๋๋ค. |
22,448,229 | Does ginkgo biloba respond to herbivory by activating early signaling and direct defenses? | {
"contexts": [
"Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgoaceae) is one of the most ancient living seed plants and is regarded as a living fossil. G. biloba has a broad spectrum of resistance or tolerance to many pathogens and herbivores because of the presence of toxic leaf compounds. Little is known about early and late events occurring in G. biloba upon herbivory. The aim of this study was to assess whether herbivory by the generalist Spodoptera littoralis was able to induce early signaling and direct defense in G. biloba by evaluating early and late responses.",
"Early and late responses in mechanically wounded leaves and in leaves damaged by S. littoralis included plasma transmembrane potential (Vm) variations, time-course changes in both cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](cyt)) and H(2)O(2) production, the regulation of genes correlated to terpenoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, the induction of direct defense compounds, and the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The results show that G. biloba responded to hebivory with a significant Vm depolarization which was associated to significant increases in both [Ca(2+)](cyt) and H(2)O(2). Several defense genes were regulated by herbivory, including those coding for ROS scavenging enzymes and the synthesis of terpenoids and flavonoids. Metabolomic analyses revealed the herbivore-induced production of several flavonoids and VOCs. Surprisingly, no significant induction by herbivory was found for two of the most characteristic G. biloba classes of bioactive compounds; ginkgolides and bilobalides."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Biomarkers",
"Calcium",
"Cytosol",
"Feeding Behavior",
"Flavonoids",
"Gene Expression Profiling",
"Genes, Plant",
"Ginkgo biloba",
"Hydrogen Peroxide",
"Membrane Potentials",
"Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis",
"Plant Extracts",
"Plant Leaves",
"RNA, Messenger",
"RNA, Plant",
"Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Signal Transduction",
"Spodoptera",
"Volatile Organic Compounds"
]
} | By studying early and late responses of G. biloba to herbivory, we provided the first evidence that this "living fossil" plant responds to herbivory with the same defense mechanisms adopted by the most recent angiosperms. | yes | pub_med_qa40004 | [
{
"content": "์ํ๋๋ฌด๋ ์ด๊ธฐ ์ ํธ์ ์ง์ ๋ฐฉ์ด๋ฅผ ํ์ฑํํ์ฌ ์ด์๋๋ฌผ์ ๋ฐ์ํฉ๋๊น?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "์ํ๋๋ฌด๋ ์ด๊ธฐ ์ ํธ์ ์ง์ ๋ฐฉ์ด๋ฅผ ํ์ฑํํ์ฌ ์ด์๋๋ฌผ์ ๋ฐ์ํฉ๋๊น?",
"role": "passage"
}
] | By studying early and late responses of G. biloba to herbivory, we provided the first evidence that this "living fossil" plant responds to herbivory with the same defense mechanisms adopted by the most recent angiosperms. | ์ด์๋๋ฌผ์ ๋ํ G. biloba์ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ํ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ์์ ์ฐ๊ตฌํจ์ผ๋ก์จ, ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ด "์ด์์๋ ํ์" ์๋ฌผ์ด ๊ฐ์ฅ ์ต๊ทผ์ ์์จ์๋ฌผ์์ ์ฑํํ ๊ฒ๊ณผ ๋์ผํ ๋ฐฉ์ด ๋ฉ์ปค๋์ฆ์ผ๋ก ์ด์๋๋ฌผ์ ๋ฐ์ํ๋ค๋ ์ฒซ ๋ฒ์งธ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ณตํ์ต๋๋ค. |
22,438,565 | Does gender influence the class III and V ฮฒ-tubulin ability to predict poor outcome in colorectal cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Colorectal cancer is one of the deadliest diseases in Western countries. To predict the outcome of therapy, we assessed the role of class III (TUBB3) and class V ฮฒ-tubulin (TUBB6) as predictive biomarkers.",
"Using immunohistochemistry and nanofluidics, the expression of TUBB3 and TUBB6 was assessed in two cohorts of 180 and 134 patients, respectively. The CYP17A1 RS743572 was genotyped to identify GG carriers with enhanced androgen levels. TUBB3 and TUBB6 were investigated in 22 colorectal cancer cell lines in basal conditions and after serum starvation, the latter serving as activator of this prosurvival pathway. To ascertain the role of androgen receptor (AR) in such regulation, we silenced AR and checked TUBB3 and TUBB6 expression and sensitivity to chemotherapy.",
"There was a link between poor survival, the expression of TUBB3/TUBB6, and AR only in females. Conversely, only in males carriers of the GG phenotype exhibited the worst outcome. Importantly, male cell lines were resistant to serum starvation and exhibited higher levels of TUBB6, thereby suggesting that the pathway is activated by androgens. In female cells this phenomenon was absent. In both genders, AR was the main driver of TUBB3/TUBB6 expression, as constitutive silencing of AR was associated with downregulation of TUBB3/TUBB6 expression and increased sensitivity to oxaliplatin and SN-38."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Antineoplastic Agents",
"Biomarkers, Tumor",
"Camptothecin",
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Colorectal Neoplasms",
"Female",
"Gene Expression Profiling",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic",
"Humans",
"Irinotecan",
"Male",
"Organoplatinum Compounds",
"Oxaliplatin",
"RNA Interference",
"RNA, Small Interfering",
"Receptors, Androgen",
"Sex Characteristics",
"Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Tubulin"
]
} | The involvement of androgens in the TUBB3 pathway opens the way for clinical trials to assess the efficacy of antiandrogens for increasing the efficacy of chemotherapy in male colorectal cancer patients. | yes | pub_med_qa40005 | [
{
"content": "์ฑ๋ณ์ด ๋์ฅ์์์ ๋์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์์ธกํ๋ III๊ธ ๋ฐ V๊ธ ๋ฒ ํ-ํ๋ถ๋ฆฐ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ์ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋๊ฐ?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๋์ฅ์์ ์๊ตฌ ๊ตญ๊ฐ์์ ๊ฐ์ฅ ์น๋ช
์ ์ธ ์ง๋ณ ์ค ํ๋์
๋๋ค. ์น๋ฃ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์์ธกํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ํด๋์ค III(TUBB3)์ ํด๋์ค V ๋ฒ ํ-ํ๋ถ๋ฆฐ(TUBB6)์ ์์ธก ๋ฐ์ด์ค๋ง์ปค๋ก์์ ์ญํ ์ ํ๊ฐํ์ต๋๋ค.\n\n2)\n๋ฉด์ญ์กฐ์งํํ๊ณผ ๋๋
ธ์ ์ฒดํ์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 180๋ช
๊ณผ 134๋ช
์ ํ์๋ก ๊ตฌ์ฑ๋ ๋ ์ง๋จ์์ TUBB3์ TUBB6์ ๋ฐํ์ ํ๊ฐํ์ต๋๋ค. CYP17A1 RS743572๋ ์๋๋ก๊ฒ ์์น๊ฐ ํฅ์๋ GG ์ด๋ฐ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์๋ณํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ ์ ์ํ์ ๋ถ์ํ์ต๋๋ค. TUBB3์ TUBB6๋ ๊ธฐ์ ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ํ์ฒญ ๊ธฐ์ ํ 22๊ฐ์ ๋์ฅ์ ์ธํฌ์ฃผ์์ ์ด ์์กด ์ ๊ฒฝ๋ก์ ํ์ฑํ์ ์ญํ ์ ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ์กฐ์ฌ๋์์ต๋๋ค. ์ด๋ฌํ ์กฐ์ ์์ ์๋๋ก๊ฒ ์์ฉ์ฒด(AR)์ ์ญํ ์ ํ์ธํ๊ธฐ ์ํด AR์ ์นจ๋ฌต์ํค๊ณ TUBB3์ TUBB6์ ๋ฐํ๊ณผ ํํ์๋ฒ์ ๋ํ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋๋ฅผ ํ์ธํ์ต๋๋ค.\n\n3)\n์์กด์จ ์ ํ, TUBB3/TUBB6์ ๋ฐํ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ฌ์ฑ์์๋ง AR์ด ๋ฐ์ํ๋ ๊ฒ๊ณผ ๊ด๋ จ์ด ์์์ต๋๋ค. ๋ฐ๋๋ก ๋จ์ฑ์์๋ง GG ํํํ ๋ณด๊ท ์๊ฐ ์ต์
์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์์ต๋๋ค. ์ค์ํ ๊ฒ์ ๋จ์ฑ ์ธํฌ์ฃผ๊ฐ ํ์ฒญ ๊ธฐ์์ ๋ด์ฑ์ด ์๊ณ TUB6 ์์น๊ฐ ๋ ๋์ ์๋๋ก๊ฒ์ ์ํด ๊ฒฝ๋ก๊ฐ ํ์ฑํ๋๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ์์ฌํ๋ค๋ ์ ์
๋๋ค. ์ฌ์ฑ ์ธํฌ์์๋ ์ด๋ฌํ ํ์์ด ๋ํ๋์ง ์์์ต๋๋ค. ๋ ์ฑ๋ณ ๋ชจ๋ AR์ ๊ตฌ์ฑ์ ์นจ๋ฌต์ด TUBB3/TUBB6 ๋ฐํ์ ํํฅ ์กฐ์ ๊ณผ ์ฅ์ด๋ฆฌํ๋ผํด ๋ฐ SN-38์ ๋ํ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋ ์ฆ๊ฐ์ ๊ด๋ จ์ด ์์๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ AR์ด TUBB3/TUBB6 ๋ฐํ์ ์ฃผ์ ๋์ธ์ด์์ต๋๋ค.",
"role": "passage"
}
] | The involvement of androgens in the TUBB3 pathway opens the way for clinical trials to assess the efficacy of antiandrogens for increasing the efficacy of chemotherapy in male colorectal cancer patients. | TUBB3 ๊ฒฝ๋ก์ ์๋๋ก๊ฒ์ด ๊ด์ฌํจ์ผ๋ก์จ ๋จ์ฑ ๋์ฅ์ ํ์์์ ํญ์์ ์ ํจ๋ฅ์ ๋์ด๊ธฐ ์ํ ํญ์๋๋ก๊ฒ์ ํจ๋ฅ์ ํ๊ฐํ ์ ์๋ ์์ ์ํ์ ๊ธธ์ด ์ด๋ ธ์ต๋๋ค. |
22,441,253 | Does highly active antiretroviral therapy completely suppress HIV in semen of sexually active HIV-infected men who have sex with men? | {
"contexts": [
"Although HAART can suppress genital shedding and sexual transmission of HIV, men who have sex with men (MSM) have experienced a resurgent HIV epidemic in the HAART era. Many HIV-infected MSM continue to engage in unsafe sex, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or other factors may promote genital HIV shedding and transmission in this population despite HAART. In this study, we determined the prevalence of seminal HIV shedding in HIV-infected MSM on stable HAART, and its relationship with a number of clinical, behavioral and biological variables.",
"Sexually active HIV-infected men using HAART were recruited from an MSM health clinic to provide semen and blood samples.",
"HIV levels were assessed in paired semen and blood samples by PCR. Clinical and behavioral data were obtained from medical records and questionnaires. Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) serostatus, seminal HSV-2 DNA, and markers of genital inflammation were measured using standard laboratory methods.",
"Overall, HIV-1 was detected in 18 of 101 (18%) blood and 30 of 101 (30%) semen samples. Of 83 men with undetectable HIV in blood plasma, 25% had HIV in semen with copy numbers ranging from 80 to 2560. Multivariate analysis identified STI/urethritis (P = 0.003), tumor necrosis factor ฮฑ (P = 0.0003), and unprotected insertive anal sex with an HIV-infected partner (P = 0.007) as independent predictors of seminal HIV detection."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Cytokines",
"HIV Infections",
"HIV-1",
"Herpesvirus 2, Human",
"Homosexuality, Male",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Risk Factors",
"Semen",
"Sexual Behavior",
"Sexually Transmitted Diseases",
"Surveys and Questionnaires",
"Urethritis",
"Young Adult"
]
} | STIs and genital inflammation can partially override the suppressive effect of HAART on seminal HIV shedding in sexually active HIV-infected MSM. Low seminal HIV titers could potentially pose a transmission risk in MSM, who are highly susceptible to HIV infection. | no | pub_med_qa40006 | [
{
"content": "๊ณ ํ์ฑ ํญ๋ ํธ๋ก๋ฐ์ด๋ฌ์ค ์๋ฒ์ด ๋จ์ฑ๊ณผ ์ฑ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง ์ฑ์ ์ผ๋ก ํ๋์ ์ธ HIV ๊ฐ์ผ ๋จ์ฑ์ ์ ์ก์์ HIV๋ฅผ ์์ ํ ์ต์ ํฉ๋๊น?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\nHAART๋ HIV์ ์์๊ธฐ ๋ฐฐ์ถ๊ณผ ์ฑ์ ์ ํ๋ฅผ ์ต์ ํ ์ ์์ง๋ง, ๋จ์ฑ(MSM)๊ณผ ์ฑ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง ๋จ์ฑ๋ค์ HAART ์๋์ ๋ค์ HIV ์ ํ์ ๊ฒฝํํ์ต๋๋ค. ๋ง์ HIV ๊ฐ์ผ MSM์ด ์ฌ์ ํ ์์ ํ์ง ์์ ์ฑ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ํ๊ณ ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฑ๋ณ ๊ฐ์ผ(STI)์ด๋ ๊ธฐํ ์์ธ๋ค์ด HAART์๋ ๋ถ๊ตฌํ๊ณ ์ด ์ง๋จ์์ ์์๊ธฐ HIV ๋ฐฐ์ถ๊ณผ ์ ํ๋ฅผ ์ด์งํ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค. ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์๋ HIV์ ๊ฐ์ผ๋ MSM์์ ์ค์ํ HIV ๋ฐฐ์ถ์ด ์์ ์ ์ธ HAART์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์ํฅ๊ณผ ์ฌ๋ฌ ์์, ํ๋ ๋ฐ ์๋ฌผํ์ ๋ณ์์์ ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ๊ท๋ช
ํ์ต๋๋ค.\n\n2)\nHAART๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ๋ ์ฑ์ ์ผ๋ก ํ๋์ ์ธ HIV ๊ฐ์ผ ๋จ์ฑ๋ค์ ์ ์ก๊ณผ ํ์ก ์ํ์ ์ ๊ณตํ๊ธฐ ์ํด MSM ๊ฑด๊ฐ ํด๋ฆฌ๋์์ ๋ชจ์ง๋์์ต๋๋ค.\n\n3)\nPCR์ ํตํด ์ง์ ์ด๋ฃฌ ์ ์ก๊ณผ ํ์ก ์ํ์์ HIV ์์น๋ฅผ ํ๊ฐํ์ต๋๋ค. ์์ ๋ฐ ํ๋ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ ์๋ฃ ๊ธฐ๋ก๊ณผ ์ค๋ฌธ์ง์์ ์ป์์ต๋๋ค. ํ์ค ์คํ์ค ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ๋จ์ ํฌ์ง ๋ฐ์ด๋ฌ์ค 2(HSV-2) ํ์ฒญ ์ํ, ์ ์ก HSV-2 DNA ๋ฐ ์์๊ธฐ ์ผ์ฆ ๋ง์ปค๋ฅผ ์ธก์ ํ์ต๋๋ค.\n\n4)\n์ ์ฒด์ ์ผ๋ก HIV-1์ ํ์ก ์ํ 101๊ฐ ์ค 18๊ฐ(18%)์ ์ ์ก ์ํ 101๊ฐ ์ค 30๊ฐ(30%)์์ ๊ฒ์ถ๋์์ต๋๋ค. ํ์ฅ์์ ๊ฒ์ถ๋์ง ์๋ HIV๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง 83๋ช
์ ๋จ์ฑ ์ค 25%๊ฐ ์ ์ก์์ HIV์ ๊ฐ์ผ๋์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ณต์ ์๋ 80์์ 2560 ์ฌ์ด์์ต๋๋ค. ๋ค๋ณ๋ ๋ถ์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, STI/์๋์ผ(P = 0.003), ์ข
์ ๊ดด์ฌ ์ธ์ ฮฑ(P = 0.0003), HIV์ ๊ฐ์ผ๋ ํํธ๋์์ ๋น๋ณดํธ ์ฝ์
ํญ๋ฌธ ์ฑ๊ต(P = 0.007)๊ฐ ์ค์ํ HIV ๊ฒ์ถ์ ๋
๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์์ธก ์ธ์๋ก ํ์ธ๋์์ต๋๋ค.",
"role": "passage"
}
] | STIs and genital inflammation can partially override the suppressive effect of HAART on seminal HIV shedding in sexually active HIV-infected MSM. Low seminal HIV titers could potentially pose a transmission risk in MSM, who are highly susceptible to HIV infection. | STI์ ์์๊ธฐ ์ผ์ฆ์ ์ฑํ๋์ฑ HIV์ ๊ฐ์ผ๋ MSM์์ ์ ์ก HIV ๋ฐฐ์ถ์ ๋ํ HAART์ ์ต์ ํจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ๋ถ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ฌด์ํ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค. ์ ์ก HIV ์ญ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋ฎ์ผ๋ฉด HIV ๊ฐ์ผ์ ๋งค์ฐ ์ทจ์ฝํ MSM์์ ์ ์ผ ์ํ์ด ๋ฐ์ํ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค. |
22,436,412 | Do circulating interleukin-6 levels correlate with residual HIV viraemia and markers of immune dysfunction in treatment-controlled HIV-infected patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Antiretroviral therapy (ART)-controlled HIV-infected patients have elevated levels of systemic inflammatory markers, C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL)-6, which correlate with increased cardiovascular risk and/or mortality. Persistent low-level viral replication could be involved in this inflammatory state. We evaluated whether residual viral load (VL) correlated with the level of systemic inflammatory/immune markers in ART-controlled HIV-infected patients.",
"We evaluated 122 antiretroviral-controlled patients with VL 1-500 copies/ml for circulating levels of high-sensitivity (hs)CRP, hsIL-6, IL-8, soluble (s)CD14 and soluble tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptors, sTNFR1 and sTNFR2.",
"The patients were 80.3% men, the median age was 47 years, the median CD4(+) T-cell count was 519 cells/mm(3), the median nadir CD4(+) T-cell count was 180 cells/mm(3), the median VL was 28 copies/ml and the median body mass index was 23.3 kg/m(2). The median (range) values for IL-6, CRP, IL-8, sCD14, sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 were 0.685 pg/ml (0.15-5.46), 1.8 mg/l (0.2-9.7), 10.0 pg/ml (1.6-71.1), 1,174 ng/ml (214-3,145), 1,112 pg/ml (583-5,834) and 2,412 pg/ml (1,142-7,688), respectively. IL-6 values correlated positively with HIV VL (rho=0.217, P=0.017). The VL threshold value for significantly increased IL-6 was 31 copies/ml (P=0.023). IL-6 values correlated with markers of immune dysfunction: the CD4/CD8 ratio (rho=-0.248, P=0.011), CD4 nadir level (rho=-0.186, P=0.04) and nadir CD4/CD8 ratio (rho=-0.257, P=0.008). They negatively correlated with markers of immune activation sCD14 (rho=-0.236, P=0.011) and IL-8 (rho=-0.290, P=0.002). We found no correlation between VL and CRP or other markers of inflammation/immune dysfunction including sTNFR1, sTNFR2, sCD14 and IL-8."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active",
"Biomarkers",
"C-Reactive Protein",
"CD4 Lymphocyte Count",
"Female",
"HIV Infections",
"Humans",
"Inflammation Mediators",
"Interleukin-6",
"Interleukin-8",
"Lipopolysaccharide Receptors",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Viral Load",
"Viremia",
"Young Adult"
]
} | We report here that low-range IL-6 levels correlated with low-range VL and inversely with sCD14 and IL-8. Our findings suggest that maintaining VL<30 copies/ml in HIV-infected patients might therefore reduce IL-6. | yes | pub_med_qa40007 | [
{
"content": "์ํํ๋ ์ธํฐ๋ฃจํจ-6 ์์น๊ฐ ์น๋ฃ ๋์กฐ HIV ๊ฐ์ผ ํ์์ ์์ฌ HIV ๋ฐ์ด๋ฌ์ค ํ์ฆ ๋ฐ ๋ฉด์ญ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ ์ฅ์ ์ ์งํ์ ์๊ด๊ด๊ณ๊ฐ ์์ต๋๊น?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "์ํํ๋ ์ธํฐ๋ฃจํจ-6 ์์น๊ฐ ์น๋ฃ ๋์กฐ HIV ๊ฐ์ผ ํ์์ ์์ฌ HIV ๋ฐ์ด๋ฌ์ค ํ์ฆ ๋ฐ ๋ฉด์ญ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ ์ฅ์ ์ ์งํ์ ์๊ด๊ด๊ณ๊ฐ ์์ต๋๊น?",
"role": "passage"
}
] | We report here that low-range IL-6 levels correlated with low-range VL and inversely with sCD14 and IL-8. Our findings suggest that maintaining VL<30 copies/ml in HIV-infected patients might therefore reduce IL-6. | ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ฌ๊ธฐ์์ ๋ฎ์ ๋ฒ์์ IL-6 ์์น๊ฐ ๋ฎ์ ๋ฒ์์ VL๊ณผ ์๊ด๊ด๊ณ๊ฐ ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐ๋๋ก sCD14 ๋ฐ IL-8๊ณผ ์๊ด๊ด๊ณ๊ฐ ์์์ ๋ณด๊ณ ํฉ๋๋ค. ์ฐ๋ฆฌ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ HIV์ ๊ฐ์ผ๋ ํ์์์ VL<30 ์นดํผ/ml๋ฅผ ์ ์งํ๋ฉด IL-6๋ฅผ ์ค์ผ ์ ์์์ ์์ฌํฉ๋๋ค. |
22,423,977 | Does network motif comparison rationalize Sec1/Munc18-SNARE regulation mechanism in exocytosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Network motifs, recurring subnetwork patterns, provide significant insight into the biological networks which are believed to govern cellular processes.",
"We present a comparative network motif experimental approach, which helps to explain complex biological phenomena and increases the understanding of biological functions at the molecular level by exploring evolutionary design principles of network motifs.",
"Using this framework to analyze the SM (Sec1/Munc18)-SNARE (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor activating protein receptor) system in exocytic membrane fusion in yeast and neurons, we find that the SM-SNARE network motifs of yeast and neurons show distinct dynamical behaviors. We identify the closed binding mode of neuronal SM (Munc18-1) and SNARE (syntaxin-1) as the key factor leading to mechanistic divergence of membrane fusion systems in yeast and neurons. We also predict that it underlies the conflicting observations in SM overexpression experiments. Furthermore, hypothesis-driven lipid mixing assays validated the prediction."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Cell Membrane",
"Exocytosis",
"Models, Biological",
"Munc18 Proteins",
"Neurons",
"Qa-SNARE Proteins",
"SNARE Proteins",
"Saccharomyces cerevisiae",
"Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins",
"Synapses"
]
} | Therefore this study provides a new method to solve the discrepancies and to generalize the functional role of SM proteins. | yes | pub_med_qa40008 | [
{
"content": "๋คํธ์ํฌ ๋ชจํฐํ ๋น๊ต๊ฐ ์์์ฌ์ดํ ์์ค์์ Sec1/Munc18-SNARE ์กฐ์ ๋ฉ์ปค๋์ฆ์ ํฉ๋ฆฌํํฉ๋๊น?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๋คํธ์ํฌ ๋ชจํฐํ, ๋ฐ๋ณต์ ์ธ ํ์ ๋คํธ์ํฌ ํจํด์ ์ธํฌ ๊ณผ์ ์ ์ง๋ฐฐํ๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ์ฌ๊ฒจ์ง๋ ์๋ฌผํ์ ๋คํธ์ํฌ์ ๋ํ ์ค์ํ ํต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์ ์ ๊ณตํฉ๋๋ค.\n\n2)\n๋ณต์กํ ์๋ฌผํ์ ํ์์ ์ค๋ช
ํ๊ณ ๋คํธ์ํฌ ๋ชจํฐํ์ ์งํ ์ค๊ณ ์๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ๊ตฌํ์ฌ ๋ถ์ ์์ค์์ ์๋ฌผํ์ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ ๋ํ ์ดํด๋ฅผ ๋์ด๋ ๋น๊ต ๋คํธ์ํฌ ๋ชจํฐํ ์คํ ์ ๊ทผ๋ฒ์ ์ ์ํฉ๋๋ค.\n\n3)\n์ด ํ๋ ์์ํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ํจ๋ชจ์ ๋ด๋ฐ์ ์์์ฌ์ดํฑ ๋ง ์ตํฉ์์ SM(Sec1/Munc18)-SNARE(N-์ํธ๋ง๋ ์ด๋ฏธ๋ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ ์ธ์ ํ์ฑํ ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง ์์ฉ์ฒด) ์์คํ
์ ๋ถ์ํ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํจ๋ชจ์ ๋ด๋ฐ์ SM-SNARE ๋คํธ์ํฌ ๋ชจํฐํ๊ฐ ๋๋ ทํ ๋์ ํ๋์ ๋ณด์ธ๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ฐ๊ฒฌํ์ต๋๋ค. ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ SM(Munc18-1)๊ณผ SNARE(์ ํ์ -1)์ ํ์ ๊ฒฐํฉ ๋ชจ๋๋ฅผ ํจ๋ชจ์ ๋ด๋ฐ์์ ๋ง ์ตํฉ ์์คํ
์ ๊ธฐ๊ณ์ ๋ฐ์ฐ์ ์ด๋๋ ์ฃผ์ ์์ธ์ผ๋ก ์๋ณํ์ต๋๋ค. ๋ํ, SM ๊ณผ๋ฐํ ์คํ์์ ์์ถฉ๋๋ ๊ด์ฐฐ์ ๊ธฐ์ด๊ฐ ๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ์์ธกํ์ต๋๋ค. ๋ ๋์๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ค ๊ธฐ๋ฐ ์ง์ง ํผํฉ ๋ถ์์ ํตํด ์์ธก์ด ์
์ฆ๋์์ต๋๋ค.",
"role": "passage"
}
] | Therefore this study provides a new method to solve the discrepancies and to generalize the functional role of SM proteins. | ๋ฐ๋ผ์ ์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ๋ถ์ผ์น๋ฅผ ํด๊ฒฐํ๊ณ SM ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง์ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ ์ญํ ์ ์ผ๋ฐํํ ์ ์๋ ์๋ก์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ์ ๊ณตํฉ๋๋ค. |
22,430,890 | Does bilobar spreading of colorectal liver metastases significantly affect survival after R0 resection in the era of interdisciplinary multimodal treatment? | {
"contexts": [
"Bilobar colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) are often considered incurable or associated with poor prognosis even after R0 resection. In this single-center study, we evaluate the impact of CRLM spreading on recurrence-free survival (RFS) and cancer-specific overall survival (CSS) after R0 resection of CRLM with respect to multimodal treatment strategies including perioperative chemotherapy and multistep resections.",
"Between January 2001 and December 2010, R0 resection could be achieved in 70 patients with bilobar and 100 with unilobar CRLM. Extent of disease, perioperative chemotherapy, surgical procedures, adjuvant treatment, histopathological workup, RFS, and CSS were compared between both cohorts.",
"Forty-six (66ย %) patients with bilobar and 26 (26ย %) patients with unilobar CRLM received preoperative chemotherapy (pโ<โ0.001). For bilobar CRLM, more extended and multistep resection including portal vein occlusion were performed (29ย % versus 3ย %; pโ<โ0.001). Morbidity (39ย % versus 28ย %, pโ=โ0.183) and mortality (1ย % versus 3ย %, pโ=โ0.644) rates were comparable in both patients' cohorts. Postoperative therapy was applied in adjuvant intent to 42 (60ย %) versus 51 (51ย %) patients (pโ=โ0.275). The 5-year RFS and CSS rates were 24ย % versus 31ย % (pโ=โ0.169) and 42ย % versus 55ย % (pโ=โ0.131), respectively."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Colorectal Neoplasms",
"Combined Modality Therapy",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Kaplan-Meier Estimate",
"Liver",
"Liver Neoplasms",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplasm Recurrence, Local",
"Postoperative Care",
"Preoperative Care"
]
} | To our single-center experience, there is no significant effect of CRLM spreading (bilobar versus unilobar) on RFS and CSS rates. Bilobar CRLM are more likely to require extended multimodal efforts to achieve R0 resection. | no | pub_med_qa40009 | [
{
"content": "๋คํ์ ๊ฐ ์น๋ฃ ์๋์ ๋์ฅ ๊ฐ ์ ์ด์ ์ด์ค ๋ง๋ ํ์ฐ์ด R0 ์ ์ ์ ํ ์์กด์ ํฐ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋์?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ด์ค ๋ฐ ๋์ฅ๊ฐ ์ ์ด(CRLM)๋ ์ข
์ข
๋ถ์น๋ณ์ผ๋ก ๊ฐ์ฃผ๋๊ฑฐ๋ R0 ์ ์ ํ์๋ ์ํ๊ฐ ์ข์ง ์์ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๊ฐ์ฃผ๋ฉ๋๋ค. ์ด ๋จ์ผ ์ผํฐ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์๋ ์์ ์ ํ ํํ ์๋ฒ ๋ฐ ๋ค๋จ๊ณ ์ ์ ๋ฅผ ํฌํจํ ๋ค์ค ๋ชจ๋ ์น๋ฃ ์ ๋ต๊ณผ ๊ด๋ จํ์ฌ CRLM์ R0 ์ ์ ํ CRLM ํ์ฐ์ด ๋ฌด์ฌ๋ฐ ์์กด์จ(RFS) ๋ฐ ์ ํน์ด์ ์ ์ฒด ์์กด์จ(CSS)์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์ํฅ์ ํ๊ฐํฉ๋๋ค.\n\n2)\n2001๋
1์๋ถํฐ 2010๋
12์๊น์ง ์๋ด ํ์ 70๋ช
๊ณผ ๋จ๋ด CRLM ํ์ 100๋ช
์ ๋์์ผ๋ก R0 ์ ์ ์ ์ ์ํํ ์ ์์์ต๋๋ค. ๋ ์ฝํธํธ ๊ฐ์ ์ง๋ณ ๋ฒ์, ์์ ์ ํ ํํ ์๋ฒ, ์์ ์ ์ฐจ, ๋ณด์กฐ ์น๋ฃ, ์กฐ์ง๋ณ๋ฆฌํ์ ๊ฒ์ฌ, RFS ๋ฐ CSS๋ฅผ ๋น๊ตํ์ต๋๋ค.\n\n3)\n46๋ช
(66%)์ ์๋ด ํ์์ 26๋ช
(26%)์ ๋จ๋ด CRLM ํ์๊ฐ ์์ ์ ํํ์๋ฒ์ ๋ฐ์์ต๋๋ค(p < 0.001). ์๋ด CRLM์ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ, ๋ฌธ๋งฅ ํ์์ ํฌํจํ ๋ ํ์ฅ์ ์ด๊ณ ๋ค๋จ๊ณ์ ์ธ ์ ์ ๊ฐ ์ํ๋์์ต๋๋ค(29% ๋ 3%; p < 0.001). ์ดํ์จ(39% ๋ 28%, p = 0.183)๊ณผ ์ฌ๋ง๋ฅ (1% ๋ 3%, p = 0.644)์ ๋ ํ์์ ์ฝํธํธ์์ ๋น์ทํ์ต๋๋ค. ์์ ํ ์น๋ฃ๋ 42๋ช
(60%) ๋ 51๋ช
(51%) ํ์(p = 0.275)์๊ฒ ๋ณด์กฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ์ฉ๋์์ต๋๋ค. 5๋
RFS ๋ฐ CSS ๋น์จ์ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 24% ๋ 31%(p = 0.169) ๋ฐ 42% ๋ 55%(p = 0.131)์์ต๋๋ค.",
"role": "passage"
}
] | To our single-center experience, there is no significant effect of CRLM spreading (bilobar versus unilobar) on RFS and CSS rates. Bilobar CRLM are more likely to require extended multimodal efforts to achieve R0 resection. | ๋จ์ผ ์ผํฐ ๊ฒฝํ์ ๋ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, CRLM ํ์ฐ(๋น๋ก๋ฐ ๋ ์ ๋๋ก๋ฐ)์ด RFS ๋ฐ CSS ๋น์จ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์ ์๋ฏธํ ์ํฅ์ ์์ต๋๋ค. ๋น๋ก๋ฐ CRLM์ R0 ์ ์ ๋ฅผ ๋ฌ์ฑํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ํ์ฅ๋ ๋ค์ค ๋ชจ๋ฌ ๋
ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ ํ์ํ ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ์ด ๋์ต๋๋ค. |
22,440,531 | Does socioeconomic deprivation predict outcome following radial head and neck fractures? | {
"contexts": [
"There is increasing evidence demonstrating an association between fracture epidemiology and socioeconomic status. However, the influence of socioeconomic deprivation on fracture outcome has not been documented before. The aim of this study was to determine if socioeconomic deprivation influenced the short-term outcome following a fracture of the radial head or neck.",
"We identified from a prospective database all patients who sustained a radial head or neck fracture over an 18-month period. The primary outcome measure for this study was the patient-reported short musculoskeletal function assessment (SMFA). The Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) was used to quantify deprivation, and any correlation with functional outcome was determined. Multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the influence of deprivation on outcome once other significant demographic and fracture characteristics had been accounted for.",
"There were 200 patients in the study cohort, of which 107 (53.5%) were female and the mean age was 44 years (16-83). At a mean follow-up of 6 months the median SMFA score was 0.54 (0-55.4). The SMFA was found to be influenced by the IMD, with increasing deprivation associated with a poorer outcome (p=0.006). On multivariate analysis, the AO fracture classification, compensation and increasing deprivation were the only independent predictors of outcome (all p<0.05)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Cohort Studies",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Fracture Fixation, Internal",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Patient-Centered Care",
"Poverty",
"Prognosis",
"Radius Fractures",
"Range of Motion, Articular",
"Recovery of Function",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Risk Factors",
"Scotland",
"Socioeconomic Factors",
"Surveys and Questionnaires",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Young Adult"
]
} | We have a shown a clear correlation between functional outcome and socioeconomic status, with the most deprived patients reporting a poorer outcome. Future work should be aimed at determining which aspects of deprivation influence patient outcome, with modifiable factors targeted in future health-care planning. | yes | pub_med_qa40010 | [
{
"content": "๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ ๋๊ฒฝ๋ถ ๊ณจ์ ํ ์ฌํ๊ฒฝ์ ์ ๋ฐํ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์์ธกํฉ๋๊น?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๊ณจ์ ์ญํ๊ณผ ์ฌํ๊ฒฝ์ ์ ์ง์ ์ฌ์ด์ ์ฐ๊ด์ฑ์ ์
์ฆํ๋ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ ์ ์ ๋ ๋ง์์ง๊ณ ์์ต๋๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ์ฌํ๊ฒฝ์ ์ ๋ฐํ์ด ๊ณจ์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์ํฅ์ ์ด์ ์ ๋ฌธ์ํ๋ ๋ฐ๊ฐ ์์ต๋๋ค. ์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ชฉ์ ์ ์๊ณจ๋๋ ๋ชฉ ๊ณจ์ ํ ์ฌํ๊ฒฝ์ ์ ๋ฐํ์ด ๋จ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋์ง ํ์ธํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด์์ต๋๋ค.\n\n2)\n์ ํฅ์ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ฒ ์ด์ค๋ฅผ ํตํด 18๊ฐ์ ๋์ ์๊ณจ๋ ๋๋ ๋ชฉ ๊ณจ์ ์ ์
์ ๋ชจ๋ ํ์๋ฅผ ์๋ณํ์ต๋๋ค. ์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ์ฃผ์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ธก์ ์ ํ์๊ฐ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ ์งง์ ๊ทผ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ ํ๊ฐ(SMFA)์์ต๋๋ค. ๋ค์ค ๋ฐํ ์ง์(IMD)๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ๋ฐํ์ ์ ๋ํํ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์์ ์๊ด๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ํ์ธํ์ต๋๋ค. ๋ค๋ณ๋ ํ๊ท ๋ถ์์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ค์ํ ์ธ๊ตฌํต๊ณํ์ ๋ฐ ๊ณจ์ ํน์ฑ์ ๊ณ ๋ คํ ํ ๋ฐํ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์ํฅ์ ํ์ธํ์ต๋๋ค.\n\n3)\n์ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฝํธํธ์๋ 200๋ช
์ ํ์๊ฐ ์์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ์ค 107๋ช
(53.5%)์ด ์ฌ์ฑ์ด์๊ณ ํ๊ท ์ฐ๋ น์ 44์ธ(16-83์ธ)์์ต๋๋ค. 6๊ฐ์์ ํ๊ท ์ถ์ ๊ด์ฐฐ์์ SMFA ์ ์์ ์ค์๊ฐ์ 0.54(0-55.4)์์ต๋๋ค. SMFA๋ IMD์ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฐ๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ์ผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐํ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐํ ์๋ก ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ ๋๋น ์ง๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ์ต๋๋ค(p=0.006). ๋ค๋ณ๋ ๋ถ์์์ AO ๊ณจ์ ๋ถ๋ฅ, ๋ณด์ ๋ฐ ๋ฐํ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์ ์ผํ ๋
๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์์ธก ๋ณ์์์ต๋๋ค(๋ชจ๋ p<0.05).",
"role": "passage"
}
] | We have a shown a clear correlation between functional outcome and socioeconomic status, with the most deprived patients reporting a poorer outcome. Future work should be aimed at determining which aspects of deprivation influence patient outcome, with modifiable factors targeted in future health-care planning. | ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์ฌํ๊ฒฝ์ ์ ์ํ ์ฌ์ด์ ๋ช
ํํ ์๊ด๊ด๊ณ๊ฐ ์์์ ๋ณด์ฌ์ฃผ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋ฐํ๊ฐ์ด ์ฌํ ํ์๋ค์ ๋ ๋์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ์ต๋๋ค. ํฅํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ๋ฐํ๊ฐ์ ์ด๋ค ์ธก๋ฉด์ด ํ์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋์ง ํ์
ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ชฉํ๋ก ํ๋ฉฐ, ํฅํ ์๋ฃ ๊ณํ์์ ์์ ๊ฐ๋ฅํ ์์ธ๋ค์ ๋ชฉํ๋ก ํด์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค. |
22,429,000 | Do gene expression profiles of phaeochromocytomas with ERBB2 overexpression reveal a new molecular mechanism tumourigenicity? | {
"contexts": [
"Phaeochromocytomas (PHEO) and functional paragangliomas (PGLs) are catecholamine-secreting neuroendocrine tumours. Although most PHEO/PGLs are benign, 10-35% present as (or develop into) malignant tumours with a poor prognosis. Overexpression of ERBB2 (v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukaemia viral oncogene homologue 2) has been reported to be associated with malignant PHEO. We used gene expression profiling of PHEO/PGLs to gain a better understanding of the tumourigenic pathways associated with ERBB2.",
"We used the Affymetrix Gene Chip U133 Plus 2ยท0 genome-wide gene expression cDNA microarray of 18 PHEO/PGLs (12 benign and six malignant, divided into two groups depending on ERBB2 expression levels) to analyse the gene expression patterns.",
"Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis of transcription profiles of 18 samples identified two dominant expression clusters corresponding to samples belonging to the ERBB2+ and ERBB2- groups. According to the gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) databases, the differentially expressed genes were classified into diverse functional categories and signalling pathways. In particular, the focal adhesion signalling pathway showed significant differences between the groups; specifically, the FAK-Src-MAPK pathway was prominently activated in the ERBB2+ group."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adrenal Gland Neoplasms",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Female",
"Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases",
"Gene Expression Profiling",
"Genes, erbB-2",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Models, Biological",
"Paraganglioma",
"Pheochromocytoma",
"Signal Transduction",
"Young Adult"
]
} | In summary, ERBB2+ PHEO/PGLs have a distinct expression pattern compared with the ERBB2- group. The focal adhesion signalling pathway may participate in ERBB2-induced tumourigenesis in PHEO/PGLs. | yes | pub_med_qa40011 | [
{
"content": "ERBB2 ๊ณผ๋ฐํ์ด ์๋ ํ์์์ธํฌ์ข
์ ์ ์ ์ ๋ฐํ ํ๋กํ์์ ์๋ก์ด ๋ถ์ ๊ธฐ์ ์ข
์ ๋ฐ์์ฑ์ด ๋ฐํ์ก์ต๋๊น?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\nํ์คํฌ๋ก๋ชจ์ํ ๋ง(PHEO)์ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ฑ ๋ถ๊ต์ธํฌ์ข
(PGL)์ ์นดํ
์ฝ์๋ฏผ์ ๋ถ๋นํ๋ ์ ๊ฒฝ๋ด๋ถ๋น ์ข
์์
๋๋ค. ๋๋ถ๋ถ์ PHEO/PGL์ ์์ฑ์ด์ง๋ง, 10-35%๋ ์ํ๊ฐ ์ข์ง ์์ ์
์ฑ ์ข
์์ผ๋ก ์กด์ฌํ๊ฑฐ๋ ๋ฐ์ํฉ๋๋ค. ERBB2(v-erb-b ์ ํ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฑํ๋ณ ๋ฐ์ด๋ฌ์ค ์ข
์ ์ ์ ์ ์๋์ฒด 2)์ ๊ณผ๋ฐํ์ ์
์ฑ PHEO์ ๊ด๋ จ์ด ์๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ณด๊ณ ๋์์ต๋๋ค. ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ERBB2์ ๊ด๋ จ๋ ์ข
์ ๋ฐ์ ๊ฒฝ๋ก๋ฅผ ๋ ์ ์ดํดํ๊ธฐ ์ํด PHEO/PGL์ ์ ์ ์ ๋ฐํ ํ๋กํ์ผ๋ง์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ต๋๋ค.\n\n2)\n์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ ์ ์ ๋ฐํ ํจํด์ ๋ถ์ํ๊ธฐ ์ํด Affymetrix Gene Chip U133 Plus 2ยท0 ์ ์ ์ฒด ์ ์ฒด ์ ์ ์ ๋ฐํ cDNA ๋ง์ดํฌ๋ก์ด๋ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ 18๊ฐ์ PHEO/PGL(12๊ฐ์ ์์ฑ ๋ฐ 6๊ฐ์ ์
์ฑ, ERBB2 ๋ฐํ ์์ค์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๋ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ผ๋ก ๋๋ฉ๋๋ค)์ ๋ถ์ํ์ต๋๋ค.\n\n3)\n18๊ฐ ์ํ์ ์ ์ฌ ํ๋กํ์ผ์ ๋ํ ๋น์ง๋ ๊ณ์ธต์ ๊ตฐ์ง ๋ถ์์ ํตํด ERBB2+ ๋ฐ ERBB2- ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ ์ํ๋ ์ํ์ ํด๋นํ๋ ๋ ๊ฐ์ ์ฐ์ฑ ๋ฐํ ๊ตฐ์ง์ ํ์ธํ์ต๋๋ค. ์ ์ ์ ์จํจ๋ก์ง(GO) ๋ฐ ๊ตํ ์ ์ ์ฒด ๋ฐฑ๊ณผ์ฌ์ (KEGG)์ ๋ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ์ฐจ๋ฑ ๋ฐํ๋ ์ ์ ์๋ ๋ค์ํ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ ๋ฒ์ฃผ์ ์ ํธ ๊ฒฝ๋ก๋ก ๋ถ๋ฅ๋์์ต๋๋ค. ํนํ, ๊ตญ์ ๋ถ์ฐฉ ์ ํธ ๊ฒฝ๋ก๋ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๊ฐ์ ์ ์๋ฏธํ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ํนํ FAK-Src-MAPK ๊ฒฝ๋ก๋ ERBB2+ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์์ ๋๋๋ฌ์ง๊ฒ ํ์ฑํ๋์์ต๋๋ค.",
"role": "passage"
}
] | In summary, ERBB2+ PHEO/PGLs have a distinct expression pattern compared with the ERBB2- group. The focal adhesion signalling pathway may participate in ERBB2-induced tumourigenesis in PHEO/PGLs. | ์์ฝํ๋ฉด, ERBB2+ PHEO/PGL์ ERBB2- ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ ๋นํด ๋๋ ทํ ๋ฐํ ํจํด์ ๋ณด์
๋๋ค. ๊ตญ์ ์ ์ฐฉ ์ ํธ ๊ฒฝ๋ก๋ PHEO/PGL์์ ERBB2์ ์ํด ์ ๋๋ ์ข
์ ๋ฐ์์ ์ฐธ์ฌํ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค. |
22,425,051 | Is prospective tracking of pediatric urology consults : knowing half the battle? | {
"contexts": [
"The planned clinical activity of pediatric urologists has been well described. However, little is known about nonscheduled work (eg consultation requests). We describe the unplanned clinical activity of pediatric urologists at a high volume academic medical center.",
"Demographic data regarding inpatient, operating room and emergency department pediatric urology consults were prospectively entered into an internal database. Consults from July 2008 through June 2010 underwent retrospective chart abstraction to identify reasons for consultation. Bivariate and multivariate statistics were used to evaluate 1) temporal trends in unplanned clinical activity, and 2) patient and service specific factors associated with whether a consult was billable (ie seen by attending physician within 24 hours).",
"During the study period 665 pediatric consults were obtained. Mean ยฑ SD patient age was 8.4 ยฑ 7.7 years. Nearly all consults were seen at the emergency department (51%) or the inpatient wards (47%). The most common primary diagnoses were infection, obstruction/hydronephrosis and neurogenic bladder. The number of consults per month decreased during the course of the academic year (r(2) = 0.1422). Nearly three fourths of consults were eligible for billing. The factors associated with consult eligibility for billing included specific attending physician (p = 0.03), location (p <0.0001) and house officer experience (p = 0.007)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Academic Medical Centers",
"Adolescent",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Emergency Service, Hospital",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Medical Staff, Hospital",
"Michigan",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Practice Patterns, Physicians'",
"Referral and Consultation",
"Urology",
"Urology Department, Hospital",
"Workload",
"Young Adult"
]
} | At our academic pediatric hospital we averaged nearly 1 unplanned pediatric urology consult per day. Several service specific factors (unrelated to patient diagnosis or acuity) were associated with whether the consult had the potential to generate revenue. Unplanned clinical activity is an important factor to consider when planning departmental funding, staffing and training. | yes | pub_med_qa40012 | [
{
"content": "์์ ๋น๋จ๊ธฐ๊ณผ ์๋ด์ ์ ํฅ์ ์ถ์ : ์ ๋ฐ์ ์๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์ธ์์ ์ ๋ฐ์ธ๊ฐ์?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์์ ๋น๋จ๊ธฐ๊ณผ ์ ๋ฌธ์์ ๊ณํ๋ ์์ ํ๋์ ์ ์ค๋ช
๋์ด ์์ต๋๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ์์ฝ๋์ง ์์ ์
๋ฌด(์: ์๋ด ์์ฒญ)์ ๋ํด์๋ ์๋ ค์ง ๋ฐ๊ฐ ๊ฑฐ์ ์์ต๋๋ค. ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ๋๊ท๋ชจ ํ์ ์๋ฃ ์ผํฐ์์ ์์ ๋น๋จ๊ธฐ๊ณผ ์ ๋ฌธ์์ ๊ณํ๋์ง ์์ ์์ ํ๋์ ๋ํด ์ค๋ช
ํฉ๋๋ค.\n\n2)\n์
์ ํ์, ์์ ์ค ๋ฐ ์๊ธ์ค ์์ ๋น๋จ๊ธฐ๊ณผ ์๋ด์ ๊ดํ ์ธ๊ตฌํต๊ณํ์ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ ์ ํฅ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ด๋ถ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ฒ ์ด์ค์ ์
๋ ฅ๋์์ต๋๋ค. 2008๋
7์๋ถํฐ 2010๋
6์๊น์ง์ ์๋ด์ ์๋ด์ ์ด์ ๋ฅผ ํ์
ํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ํํฅ์ ์ฐจํธ ์ถ์ํ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณค์ต๋๋ค. ์ด๋ณ๋ ๋ฐ ๋ค๋ณ๋ ํต๊ณ๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ 1) ๊ณํ๋์ง ์์ ์์ ํ๋์ ์๊ฐ์ ์ถ์ธ, 2) ์๋ด์ด ์ฒญ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ๋ฅํ์ง ์ฌ๋ถ์ ๊ด๋ จ๋ ํ์ ๋ฐ ์๋น์ค ํน์ ์์ธ(24์๊ฐ ์ด๋ด์ ์ฃผ์น์๊ฐ ํ์ธํ ์ ์์)์ ํ๊ฐํ์ต๋๋ค.\n\n3)\n์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋์ 665๊ฑด์ ์์ ์๋ด์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ก์ต๋๋ค. ํ๊ท ยฑ SD ํ์ ์ฐ๋ น์ 8.4 ยฑ 7.7์ธ์์ต๋๋ค. ๊ฑฐ์ ๋ชจ๋ ์๋ด์ด ์๊ธ์ค(51%) ๋๋ ์
์ ๋ณ๋(47%)์์ ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ก์ต๋๋ค. ๊ฐ์ฅ ํํ 1์ฐจ ์ง๋จ์ ๊ฐ์ผ, ํ์/์์ฑ ์ฌ์ ์ฆ ๋ฐ ์ ๊ฒฝ์ฑ ๋ฐฉ๊ด์ด์์ต๋๋ค. ํ๋
๋ ๋์ ์ ์๋ด ๊ฑด์๋ ๊ฐ์ํ์ต๋๋ค(r(2) = 0.1422). ๊ฑฐ์ 4๋ถ์ 3์ ์๋ด์ด ์ฒญ๊ตฌ ์๊ฒฉ์ด ์์์ต๋๋ค. ์ฒญ๊ตฌ ์๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ๊ด๋ จ๋ ์์ธ์ผ๋ก๋ ํน์ ์ฃผ์น์(p = 0.03), ์์น(p < 0.0001) ๋ฐ ํ์ฐ์ค ์คํผ์ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ(p = 0.007)์ด ํฌํจ๋์์ต๋๋ค.",
"role": "passage"
}
] | At our academic pediatric hospital we averaged nearly 1 unplanned pediatric urology consult per day. Several service specific factors (unrelated to patient diagnosis or acuity) were associated with whether the consult had the potential to generate revenue. Unplanned clinical activity is an important factor to consider when planning departmental funding, staffing and training. | ์ ํฌ ํ์ ์์๋ณ์์์๋ ํ๋ฃจ ํ๊ท ๊ฑฐ์ 1๊ฑด์ ๊ณํ๋์ง ์์ ์์ ๋น๋จ๊ธฐ๊ณผ ์๋ด์ ์งํํ์ต๋๋ค. ํ์ ์ง๋จ์ด๋ ์๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋ฌด๊ดํ ์ฌ๋ฌ ์๋น์ค๋ณ ์์ธ(ํ์ ์ง๋จ์ด๋ ์๋ ฅ๊ณผ๋ ๋ฌด๊ด)์ด ์๋ด์ด ์์ต ์ฐฝ์ถ์ ์ ์ฌ๋ ฅ์ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์๋์ง ์ฌ๋ถ์ ๊ด๋ จ์ด ์์์ต๋๋ค. ๊ณํ๋์ง ์์ ์์ ํ๋์ ๋ถ์๋ณ ์๊ธ ์ง์, ์ธ๋ ฅ ๋ฐฐ์น ๋ฐ ๊ต์ก์ ๊ณํํ ๋ ๊ณ ๋ คํด์ผ ํ ์ค์ํ ์์์
๋๋ค. |
22,440,482 | Is depression improvement related to social role functioning after stroke? | {
"contexts": [
"To (1) examine the relationships between baseline demographic, clinical, and psychological characteristics and social role functioning (SRF) at 4 months after stroke, and (2) assess whether depression improvement is associated with 4-month SRF.",
"We completed a secondary data analysis using data from a completed cohort study including people with stroke with or without depression. We used multiple linear regression to identify variables independently associated with 12-week SRF.",
"Hospital and patients' homes. The intervention was via phone calls.",
"People with a new stroke recruited during the inpatient stay (N=371, depressed only n=176). All survived an ischemic stroke, were 18 years and older, spoke and understood English, owned a telephone, had no severe language or cognitive impairments, and were expected to live at least 6 months.",
"Not applicable.",
"We measured depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and depression improvement was defined by a 50% decrease in PHQ-9 scores from baseline to 12 weeks or a 12-week PHQ-9 score <10. SRF was measured with the social domain of the Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale.",
"Depression and comorbidities were found to be independently associated with 12-week SRF. Importantly, depression response (or depression improvement) was the only variable to independently predict SRF in the depressed-only group."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Activities of Daily Living",
"Age Distribution",
"Aged",
"Databases, Factual",
"Depressive Disorder",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Interpersonal Relations",
"Linear Models",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Neuropsychological Tests",
"Physical Therapy Modalities",
"Quality of Life",
"Risk Assessment",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Sex Distribution",
"Sickness Impact Profile",
"Social Adjustment",
"Stroke",
"Stroke Rehabilitation",
"Surveys and Questionnaires",
"Survivors",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | Among stroke survivors with depression, improvement of that depression was independently associated with improved SRF. This is a reminder of the importance for rehabilitation providers to screen for and treat poststroke depression. | yes | pub_med_qa40013 | [
{
"content": "๋์กธ์ค ํ ์ฐ์ธ์ฆ ๊ฐ์ ์ด ์ฌํ์ ์ญํ ๊ณผ ๊ด๋ จ์ด ์์ต๋๊น?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n(1) ๋์กธ์ค ํ 4๊ฐ์ ์์ ์์ ๊ธฐ์ด ์ธ๊ตฌํต๊ณํ์ , ์์์ , ์ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ํน์ฑ๊ณผ ์ฌํ์ ์ญํ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ(SRF) ๊ฐ์ ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ฌํ๊ณ , (2) ์ฐ์ธ์ฆ ๊ฐ์ ์ด 4๊ฐ์ ์์ ์ SRF์ ๊ด๋ จ์ด ์๋์ง ํ๊ฐํฉ๋๋ค.\n\n2)\n์ฐ์ธ์ฆ ์ ๋ฌด์ ๊ด๊ณ์์ด ๋์กธ์ค ํ์๋ฅผ ํฌํจํ ์ฝํธํธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์๋ฃํ์ฌ 2์ฐจ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ๋ถ์์ ์๋ฃํ์ต๋๋ค. ๋ค์ค ์ ํ ํ๊ท ๋ถ์์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ 12์ฃผ SRF์ ๋
๋ฆฝ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ฐ๊ด๋ ๋ณ์๋ฅผ ์๋ณํ์ต๋๋ค.\n\n3)\n๋ณ์๊ณผ ํ์๋ค์ ์ง. ๊ฐ์
์ ์ ํ๋ก ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ก์ต๋๋ค.\n\n4)\n์
์ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋์ ๋ชจ์ง๋ ์๋ก์ด ๋์กธ์ค ํ์(N=371๋ช
, ์ฐ์ธ์ฆ ํ์๋ง n=176)๋ ๋ชจ๋ ํํ์ฑ ๋์กธ์ค์์ ์ด์๋จ์๊ณ , 18์ธ ์ด์์ด์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์์ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ฌํ๊ณ ์ดํดํ์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ ํ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์์ ํ๊ณ ์์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฌ๊ฐํ ์ธ์ด๋ ์ธ์ง ์ฅ์ ๊ฐ ์์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ต์ 6๊ฐ์ ์ด์ ์ด ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ์์๋์์ต๋๋ค.\n\n5)\nํด๋น๋์ง ์์ต๋๋ค.\n\n6)\n์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ํ์ ๊ฑด๊ฐ ์ค๋ฌธ์ง-9(PHQ-9)๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ์ฐ์ธ์ฆ์ ์ธก์ ํ์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฐ์ธ์ฆ ๊ฐ์ ์ ๊ธฐ์ค์น์์ 12์ฃผ ๋๋ 12์ฃผ PHQ-9 ์ ์๊ฐ 10์ ๋ฏธ๋ง์ผ๋ก 50% ๊ฐ์ํ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ์ ์ํ์ต๋๋ค. SRF๋ ๋์กธ์ค ํนํ ์ถ์ ์ง ์ฒ๋์ ์ฌํ์ ์์ญ์ผ๋ก ์ธก์ ๋์์ต๋๋ค.\n\n7)\n์ฐ์ธ์ฆ๊ณผ ๋๋ฐ ์งํ์ 12์ฃผ SRF์ ๋
๋ฆฝ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ฐ๊ด์ด ์๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ์ต๋๋ค. ์ค์ํ ๊ฒ์ ์ฐ์ธ์ฆ ๋ฐ์(๋๋ ์ฐ์ธ์ฆ ๊ฐ์ )์ด ์ฐ์ธ์ฆ๋ง ์๋ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์์ SRF๋ฅผ ๋
๋ฆฝ์ ์ผ๋ก ์์ธกํ๋ ์ ์ผํ ๋ณ์๋ผ๋ ์ ์
๋๋ค.",
"role": "passage"
}
] | Among stroke survivors with depression, improvement of that depression was independently associated with improved SRF. This is a reminder of the importance for rehabilitation providers to screen for and treat poststroke depression. | ์ฐ์ธ์ฆ์ ์๊ณ ์๋ ๋์กธ์ค ์์กด์ ์ค ์ฐ์ธ์ฆ์ ๊ฐ์ ์ ๋
๋ฆฝ์ ์ผ๋ก SRF ๊ฐ์ ๊ณผ ๊ด๋ จ์ด ์์์ต๋๋ค. ์ด๋ ์ฌํ ์ ๊ณต์๊ฐ ๋์กธ์ค ํ ์ฐ์ธ์ฆ์ ์ ๋ณํ๊ณ ์น๋ฃํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์ผ๋ง๋ ์ค์ํ์ง๋ฅผ ์๊ธฐ์์ผ ์ค๋๋ค. |
22,429,613 | Does microRNA profiling of hepatocarcinogenesis identify C19MC cluster as a novel prognostic biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"Progressive hepatocarcinogenesis is a stepwise process that drives liver transformation. However, the molecular mechanisms of early liver transformation are far from clear. A role for microRNAs (miRNA) as diagnostic and prognostic factors in human tumours, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is promising. We aimed to identify novel miRNA as biomarkers for differential diagnosis and predictors of disease progression.",
"We used a low-density array platform to profile the expression of 664 mature miRNA in a cohort of 60 hepatitis C virus-positive liver lesions representative of all stages of progressive hepatocarcinogenesis. We validated selected miRNA in two independent patient series by qPCR and we characterized the genomic status of the miRNA cluster C19MC by fluorescent in situ hybridization and copy-number variation analyses.",
"A 18-miRNA signature distinguished cirrhosis, dysplastic nodules and HCC lesions. Four miRNAs overexpressed in HCCs belonged to chromosome 19 miRNA cluster (C19MC). Significant overexpression of C19MC in early HCC compared to dysplastic nodules could be confirmed in a second series of hepatitis B virus-related liver lesions (nย =ย 30). In a third series of 61 HCCs, C19MC cluster was overexpressed in HCCs compared to matched cirrhotic parenchyma and regardless of the type of viral infection. High C19MC miRNA levels were correlated with poor clinico-pathological features, increased risk of tumour recurrence and shorter overall survival time. HCCs overexpressing the C19MC cluster showed genetic amplification of the corresponding locus."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | C19MC cluster is a novel molecular alteration characteristic of liver cancer and predictor of poor prognosis. C19MC is an attractive candidate for novel HCC therapies. | yes | pub_med_qa40014 | [
{
"content": "๊ฐ์ ๋ฐ์์ ๋ง์ดํฌ๋กRNA ํ๋กํ์ผ๋ง์ด ๊ฐ์ธํฌ์์์ C19MC ๊ตฐ์ง์ ์๋ก์ด ์ํ ๋ฐ์ด์ค๋ง์ปค๋ก ์๋ณํฉ๋๊น?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์งํ์ฑ ๊ฐ์ ๋ฐ์์ ๊ฐ ๋ณํ์ ์ ๋ํ๋ ๋จ๊ณ์ ๊ณผ์ ์
๋๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ์ด๊ธฐ ๊ฐ ๋ณํ์ ๋ถ์์ ๋ฉ์ปค๋์ฆ์ ์์ง ๋ช
ํํ์ง ์์ต๋๋ค. ๊ฐ์ธํฌ์(HCC)์ ํฌํจํ ์ธ๊ฐ ์ข
์์ ์ง๋จ ๋ฐ ์ํ ์ธ์๋ก์ ๋ง์ดํฌ๋กRNA(miRNA)์ ์ญํ ์ ์ ๋งํฉ๋๋ค. ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์๋ก์ด miRNA๋ฅผ ์ง๋ณ ์งํ์ ๊ฐ๋ณ ์ง๋จ ๋ฐ ์์ธก์ ์ํ ๋ฐ์ด์ค๋ง์ปค๋ก ์๋ณํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ชฉํ๋ก ํ์ต๋๋ค.\n\n2)\n์ ๋ฐ๋ ๋ฐฐ์ด ํ๋ซํผ์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ์งํ์ฑ ๊ฐ์ ๋ฐ์์ ๋ชจ๋ ๋จ๊ณ๋ฅผ ๋ํํ๋ 60๊ฐ์ Cํ ๊ฐ์ผ ๋ฐ์ด๋ฌ์ค ์์ฑ ๊ฐ ๋ณ๋ณ ์ฝํธํธ์์ 664๊ฐ์ ์ฑ์ํ miRNA ๋ฐํ์ ํ๋กํ์ผ๋งํ์ต๋๋ค. ๋ ๊ฐ์ ๋
๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ํ์ ์๋ฆฌ์ฆ์์ ์ ํ๋ miRNA๋ฅผ qPCR๋ก ๊ฒ์ฆํ๊ณ ํ๊ด ์ ์๋ฆฌ ํผ์ฑํ ๋ฐ ๋ณต์ ์ ๋ณ์ด ๋ถ์์ ํตํด miRNA ํด๋ฌ์คํฐ C19MC์ ์ ์ ์ฒด ์ํ๋ฅผ ํน์ฑํํ์ต๋๋ค.\n\n3)\n18-miRNA ์๊ทธ๋์ฒ๋ ๊ฐ๊ฒฝ๋ณ์ฆ, ์ดํ์ฑ ๊ฒฐ์ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ์ธํฌ์ ๋ณ๋ณ์ ๊ตฌ๋ณํ์ต๋๋ค. ๊ฐ์ธํฌ์์์ ๊ณผ๋ฐํ๋ 4๊ฐ์ miRNA๋ ์ผ์์ฒด 19 miRNA ํด๋ฌ์คํฐ(C19MC)์ ์ํ์ต๋๋ค. Bํ ๊ฐ์ผ ๋ฐ์ด๋ฌ์ค ๊ด๋ จ ๊ฐ ๋ณ๋ณ์ ๋ ๋ฒ์งธ ์๋ฆฌ์ฆ(n = 30)์์ ์ดํ์ฑ ๊ฒฐ์ ์ ๋นํด ์ด๊ธฐ ๊ฐ์ธํฌ์์์ C19MC์ ์ ์๋ฏธํ ๊ณผ๋ฐํ์ด ํ์ธ๋์์ต๋๋ค. 61๊ฐ์ ๊ฐ์ธํฌ์ ์ค ์ธ ๋ฒ์งธ ์๋ฆฌ์ฆ์์๋ ๋ฐ์ด๋ฌ์ค ๊ฐ์ผ ์ ํ์ ๊ด๊ณ์์ด ์ผ์นํ๋ ๊ฐ๊ฒฝ๋ณ ์ค์ง๊ณผ ๋น๊ตํ์ฌ ๊ฐ์ธํฌ์์์ C19MC ํด๋ฌ์คํฐ๊ฐ ๊ณผ๋ฐํ๋์์ต๋๋ค. ๋์ C19MC miRNA ์์น๋ ์์ ๋ณ๋ฆฌํ์ ํน์ง์ด ๋ฎ๊ณ ์ข
์ ์ฌ๋ฐ ์ํ์ด ๋์ผ๋ฉฐ ์ ์ฒด ์์กด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ด ์งง์์ง๋ ๊ฒ๊ณผ ์๊ด๊ด๊ณ๊ฐ ์์์ต๋๋ค. C19MC ํด๋ฌ์คํฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณผ๋ฐํํ ๊ฐ์ธํฌ์์ ํด๋น ์ ์ ์์ข์ ์ ์ ์ ์ฆํญ์ ๋ณด์์ต๋๋ค.",
"role": "passage"
}
] | C19MC cluster is a novel molecular alteration characteristic of liver cancer and predictor of poor prognosis. C19MC is an attractive candidate for novel HCC therapies. | C19MC ํด๋ฌ์คํฐ๋ ๊ฐ์์ ์๋ก์ด ๋ถ์ ๋ณํ ํน์ฑ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ํ๊ฐ ์ข์ง ์์ ์์ธก ์ธ์์
๋๋ค. C19MC๋ ์๋ก์ด ๊ฐ์ธํฌ์ ์น๋ฃ๋ฒ์ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ํ๋ณด์
๋๋ค. |
22,445,519 | Are bodybuilding , energy , and weight-loss supplements associated with deployment and physical activity in U.S. military personnel? | {
"contexts": [
"The characteristics of U.S. military personnel who use dietary supplements have not been well described. This study aimed to determine whether deployment experience and physical activity were associated with the use of bodybuilding, energy, or weight-loss supplement among U.S. military personnel.",
"Self-reported data from active-duty, Reserve, and National Guard participants of the Millennium Cohort Study collected from 2007-2008 (n = 106,698) on supplement use, physical activity, and other behavioral data were linked with deployment and demographic data. We used multivariable logistic regression sex-stratified models to compare the adjusted odds of each type of supplement use among those with deployment experience in support of operations in Iraq or Afghanistan and those engaged in aerobic or strength-training activities.",
"Overall, 46.7% of participants reported using at least one type of supplement, and 22.0% reported using multiple supplements. Male deployers were more likely to use bodybuilding supplements, whereas female deployers were more likely to use weight-loss supplements. Physically active and younger subjects reported all types of supplement use. Men and women reporting 5 or less hours of sleep per night were more likely to use energy supplements."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Age Factors",
"Anti-Obesity Agents",
"Cohort Studies",
"Dietary Supplements",
"Energy Drinks",
"Exercise",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Military Personnel",
"Prevalence",
"Resistance Training",
"Sex Factors",
"Sleep Wake Disorders",
"United States",
"Weight Loss",
"Young Adult"
]
} | The high prevalence of supplement use and important characteristics found to be associated with their use, including deployment, physical activity, and suboptimal sleep, suggest focus areas for future research and adverse event monitoring. | yes | pub_med_qa40015 | [
{
"content": "๋ณด๋๋น๋ฉ, ์๋์ง, ์ฒด์ค ๊ฐ๋ ๋ณด์ถฉ์ ๊ฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตฐ ๋ณ๋ ฅ์ ๋ฐฐ์น ๋ฐ ์ ์ฒด ํ๋๊ณผ ๊ด๋ จ์ด ์์ต๋๊น?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์์ด ๋ณด์ถฉ์ ๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ๋ ๋ฏธ๊ตฐ ๋ณ๋ ฅ์ ํน์ฑ์ ์ ์ค๋ช
๋์ง ์์์ต๋๋ค. ์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ๋ฏธ๊ตฐ ๋ณ๋ ฅ์ ๋ฐฐ์น ๊ฒฝํ๊ณผ ์ ์ฒด ํ๋์ด ๋ณด๋๋น๋ฉ, ์๋์ง ๋๋ ์ฒด์ค ๊ฐ๋ ๋ณด์ถฉ์ ์ฌ์ฉ๊ณผ ๊ด๋ จ์ด ์๋์ง ํ์ธํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ชฉํ๋ก ํ์ต๋๋ค.\n\n2)\n2007๋
๋ถํฐ 2008๋
๊น์ง ์์ง๋ ๋ฐ๋ ๋์ ์ฝํธํธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ(n = 106,698)์ ํ์ญ, ์๋น๊ตฐ, ์ฃผ๋ฐฉ์๊ตฐ ์ฐธ๊ฐ์๋ค์ ์๊ฐ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ ๋ณด์ถฉ์ ์ฌ์ฉ, ์ ์ฒด ํ๋ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํ ํ๋ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ์ ๋ฐฐ์น ๋ฐ ์ธ๊ตฌ ํต๊ณ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ฅผ ์ฐ๊ฒฐํ์ต๋๋ค. ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ๋ค๋ณ๋ ๋ก์ง์คํฑ ํ๊ท ์ฑ strat ๋ชจ๋ธ์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ์ด๋ผํฌ๋ ์ํ๊ฐ๋์คํ์์ ์์ ์ ์ง์ํ ๋ฐฐ์น ๊ฒฝํ์ด ์๋ ์ฌ๋๋ค๊ณผ ์ ์ฐ์ ๋๋ ๊ทผ๋ ฅ ๊ฐํ ํ๋์ ์ฐธ์ฌํ ์ฌ๋๋ค ์ฌ์ด์์ ๊ฐ ๋ณด์ถฉ์ ์ฌ์ฉ ์ ํ์ ์กฐ์ ๋ ํ๋ฅ ์ ๋น๊ตํ์ต๋๋ค.\n\n3)\n์ ์ฒด์ ์ผ๋ก 46.7%์ ์ฐธ๊ฐ์๊ฐ ์ต์ ํ ๊ฐ์ง ์ ํ์ ๋ณด์ถฉ์ ๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ๋ค๊ณ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ์ผ๋ฉฐ, 22.0%๋ ์ฌ๋ฌ ๊ฐ์ง ๋ณด์ถฉ์ ๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ๋ค๊ณ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ์ต๋๋ค. ๋จ์ฑ ๋ฐฐ์น์๋ ๋ณด๋๋น๋ฉ ๋ณด์ถฉ์ ๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ์ด ๋ ๋์๊ณ , ์ฌ์ฑ ๋ฐฐ์น์๋ ์ฒด์ค ๊ฐ๋ ๋ณด์ถฉ์ ๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ์ด ๋ ๋์์ต๋๋ค. ์ ์ฒด ํ๋์ด ํ๋ฐํ ํผํ์์ ์ ์ ํผํ์๋ ๋ชจ๋ ์ ํ์ ๋ณด์ถฉ์ ์ฌ์ฉ์ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ์ต๋๋ค. ๋จ์ฑ๊ณผ ์ฌ์ฑ์ ํ๋ฃป๋ฐค์ 5์๊ฐ ์ดํ์ ์๋ฉด์ ์ทจํ๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ณด๊ณ ๋์์ต๋๋ค.",
"role": "passage"
}
] | The high prevalence of supplement use and important characteristics found to be associated with their use, including deployment, physical activity, and suboptimal sleep, suggest focus areas for future research and adverse event monitoring. | ๋ณด์ถฉ์ ์ฌ์ฉ์ ๋์ ์ ๋ณ๋ฅ ๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ์น, ์ ์ฒด ํ๋, ์๋ฉด ๋ถ์กฑ ๋ฑ์ ์ค์ํ ํน์ฑ์ด ์ฌ์ฉ๊ณผ ๊ด๋ จ์ด ์๋ค๋ ์ฌ์ค์ ํฅํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ถ์์ฉ ๋ชจ๋ํฐ๋ง์ ์ค์ ์ ๋ ํ์๊ฐ ์์์ ์์ฌํฉ๋๋ค. |
22,433,290 | Is plasma diamine oxidase activity a useful biomarker for evaluating gastrointestinal tract toxicities during chemotherapy with oral fluorouracil anti-cancer drugs in patients with gastric cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Diamine oxidase (DAO) is an enzyme that catalyzes oxidation and is highly active in the mature upper villus cells of the intestinal mucosa. This study sought to evaluate plasma DAO activities during adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with gastric cancer.",
"We investigated 20 patients with gastric cancer who were treated with oral fluorouracil anti-cancer drugs as adjuvant chemotherapy. Plasma DAO activity was measured in all patients before chemotherapy and at 2, 4 and 6 weeks after the start of chemotherapy, and quality of life was evaluated simultaneously.",
"The median DAO activity after 4 weeks of chemotherapy was significantly decreased compared to the pre-chemotherapy levels (6.6 vs. 7.5 U/l; p = 0.038). The changes in the rate of DAO activity at 2 and 6 weeks following the start of chemotherapy in patients with gastrointestinal tract toxicity were significantly lower than in those without toxicity (p =0.021 and 0.047, respectively). The patient cohort showed a slightly positive correlation between DAO activity and global health status and a negative correlation between DAO activity and appetite loss."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Administration, Oral",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)",
"Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic",
"Biomarkers, Tumor",
"Female",
"Fluorouracil",
"Gastrointestinal Tract",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Prognosis",
"Prospective Studies",
"Quality of Life",
"Stomach Neoplasms"
]
} | Plasma DAO activities may be useful for monitoring and evaluating gastrointestinal tract toxicities induced by adjuvant chemotherapy with oral fluorouracil in patients with gastric cancer. | yes | pub_med_qa40016 | [
{
"content": "ํ์ฅ ๋์๋ฏผ ์ฐํํจ์ ํ์ฑ์ด ์์ ํ์์์ ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ ํ๋ฃจ์ค๋ก์ ๋ผ์ค ํญ์์ ๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ ํํ ์๋ฒ ์ค ์์ฅ๊ด ๋
์ฑ์ ํ๊ฐํ๋ ๋ฐ ์ ์ฉํ ๋ฐ์ด์ค๋ง์ปค์
๋๊น?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๋์๋ฏผ ์ฐํํจ์(DAO)๋ ์ฐํ๋ฅผ ์ด๋งคํ๋ ํจ์๋ก ์ฅ ์ ๋ง์ ์ฑ์ํ ์์
๊ณจ ์ธํฌ์์ ๋งค์ฐ ํ๋ฐํ๊ฒ ํ๋ํฉ๋๋ค. ์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ์์ ํ์๋ฅผ ๋์์ผ๋ก ๋ณด์กฐ ํํ ์๋ฒ ์ค ํ์ฅ DAO ํ์ฑ์ ํ๊ฐํ๊ณ ์ ํ์ต๋๋ค.\n\n2)\n๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ์ฉ ํ๋ฃจ์ค๋ก์ ๋ผ์ค ํญ์์ ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์กฐ ํํ์๋ฒ์ผ๋ก ์น๋ฃ๋ฐ์ ์์ ํ์ 20๋ช
์ ๋์์ผ๋ก ์กฐ์ฌํ์ต๋๋ค. ๋ชจ๋ ํ์์์ ํํ์๋ฒ ์ ๊ณผ ํํ์๋ฒ ์์ ํ 2์ฃผ, 4์ฃผ, 6์ฃผ์ ํ์ฅ DAO ํ์ฑ์ ์ธก์ ํ๊ณ ์ถ์ ์ง์ ๋์์ ํ๊ฐํ์ต๋๋ค.\n\n3)\n4์ฃผ๊ฐ์ ํํ์๋ฒ ํ DAO ํ์ฑ ์ค์๊ฐ์ ํํ์๋ฒ ์ ์์ค์ ๋นํด ์ ์ํ๊ฒ ๊ฐ์ํ์ต๋๋ค(6.6 ๋ 7.5 U/l; p = 0.038). ์์ฅ๊ด ๋
์ฑ์ด ์๋ ํ์์ ํํ์๋ฒ ์์ ํ 2์ฃผ์ 6์ฃผ ์์ ์ DAO ํ์ฑ๋ฅ ๋ณํ๋ ๋
์ฑ์ด ์๋ ํ์๋ณด๋ค ์ ์ํ๊ฒ ๋ฎ์์ต๋๋ค(๊ฐ๊ฐ p = 0.021 ๋ฐ 0.047). ํ์ ์ฝํธํธ๋ DAO ํ์ฑ๊ณผ ๊ธ๋ก๋ฒ ๊ฑด๊ฐ ์ํ ์ฌ์ด์๋ ์ฝ๊ฐ์ ์์ ์๊ด๊ด๊ณ๊ฐ, DAO ํ์ฑ๊ณผ ์์ ๊ฐ์ ์ฌ์ด์๋ ์์ ์๊ด๊ด๊ณ๊ฐ ์๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ์ต๋๋ค.",
"role": "passage"
}
] | Plasma DAO activities may be useful for monitoring and evaluating gastrointestinal tract toxicities induced by adjuvant chemotherapy with oral fluorouracil in patients with gastric cancer. | ํ์ฅ DAO ํ์ฑ์ ์์ ํ์์์ ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ ํ๋ฃจ์ค๋ก์ ๋ผ์ค์ ์ฌ์ฉํ ๋ณด์กฐ ํํ ์๋ฒ์ผ๋ก ์ ๋ฐ๋ ์์ฅ๊ด ๋
์ฑ์ ๋ชจ๋ํฐ๋งํ๊ณ ํ๊ฐํ๋ ๋ฐ ์ ์ฉํ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค. |
22,439,862 | Are magnetic nanoparticles in primary neural cell cultures mainly taken up by microglia? | {
"contexts": [
"Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) offer a large range of applications in life sciences. Applications in neurosciences are one focus of interest. Unfortunately, not all groups have access to nanoparticles or the possibility to develop and produce them for their applications. Hence, they have to focus on commercially available particles. Little is known about the uptake of nanoparticles in primary cells. Previously studies mostly reported cellular uptake in cell lines. Here we present a systematic study on the uptake of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) by primary cells of the nervous system.",
"We assessed the internalization in different cell types with confocal and electron microscopy. The analysis confirmed the uptake of MNPs in the cells, probably with endocytotic mechanisms. Furthermore, we compared the uptake in PC12 cells, a rat pheochromocytoma cell line, which is often used as a neuronal cell model, with primary neuronal cells. It was found that the percentage of PC12 cells loaded with MNPs was significantly higher than for neurons. Uptake studies in primary mixed neuronal/glial cultures revealed predominant uptake of MNPs by microglia and an increase in their number. The number of astroglia and oligodendroglia which incorporated MNPs was lower and stable. Primary mixed Schwann cell/fibroblast cultures showed similar MNP uptake of both cell types, but the Schwann cell number decreased after MNP incubation. Organotypic co-cultures of spinal cord slices and peripheral nerve grafts resembled the results of the dispersed primary cell cultures."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Coculture Techniques",
"Magnetics",
"Microglia",
"Microscopy, Confocal",
"Nanoparticles",
"Neurons",
"PC12 Cells",
"Rats"
]
} | The commercial MNPs used activated microglial phagocytosis in both disperse and organotypic culture systems. It can be assumed that in vivo application would induce immune system reactivity, too. Because of this, their usefulness for in vivo neuroscientific implementations can be questioned. Future studies will need to overcome this issue with the use of cell-specific targeting strategies. Additionally, we found that PC12 cells took up significantly more MNPs than primary neurons. This difference indicates that PC12 cells are not a suitable model for natural neuronal uptake of nanoparticles and qualify previous results in PC12 cells. | yes | pub_med_qa40017 | [
{
"content": "์ผ์ฐจ ์ ๊ฒฝ ์ธํฌ ๋ฐฐ์์์ ์์ฑ ๋๋
ธ์
์๋ ์ฃผ๋ก ๋ฏธ์ธ์๊ต์ธํฌ์ ์ํด ํก์๋๋์?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์๊ธฐ ๋๋
ธ ์
์(MNP)๋ ์๋ช
๊ณผํ ๋ถ์ผ์์ ๋ค์ํ ์์ฉ ๋ถ์ผ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ณตํฉ๋๋ค. ์ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ ๋ถ์ผ์์์ ์์ฉ์ ํ๋์ ๊ด์ฌ์ฌ์
๋๋ค. ์ํ๊น๊ฒ๋ ๋ชจ๋ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด ๋๋
ธ ์
์์ ์ ๊ทผํ๊ฑฐ๋ ๋๋
ธ ์
์๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๋ฐํ๊ณ ์์ฐํ ์ ์๋ ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ์ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์๋ ๊ฒ์ ์๋๋๋ค. ๋ฐ๋ผ์ ์ด๋ค์ ์์
์ ์ผ๋ก ์ด์ฉ ๊ฐ๋ฅํ ์
์์ ์ง์คํด์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค. 1์ฐจ ์ธํฌ์์ ๋๋
ธ ์
์์ ํก์์ ๋ํด์๋ ์๋ ค์ง ๋ฐ๊ฐ ๊ฑฐ์ ์์ต๋๋ค. ์ด์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์๋ ์ฃผ๋ก ์ธํฌ์ฃผ์์ ์ธํฌ ํก์๊ฐ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋์์ต๋๋ค. ์ฌ๊ธฐ์์๋ ์ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ์ 1์ฐจ ์ธํฌ์ ์ํ ์๊ธฐ ๋๋
ธ ์
์(MNP)์ ํก์์ ๋ํ ์ฒด๊ณ์ ์ธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ ์ํฉ๋๋ค.\n\n2)\n๊ณต์ด์ ํ๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์ ์ ํ๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ๋ค์ํ ์ธํฌ ์ ํ์ ๋ด์ฌํ๋ฅผ ํ๊ฐํ์ต๋๋ค. ๋ถ์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ธํฌ ๋ด MNPs์ ํก์๊ฐ ํ์ธ๋์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์๋ง๋ ์ธํฌ ๋ด ๋ฉ์ปค๋์ฆ์ผ ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ์ด ๋์ต๋๋ค. ๋ํ, ์ ๊ฒฝ ์ธํฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ก ์์ฃผ ์ฌ์ฉ๋๋ ์ฅ ๊ฐ์์ธํฌ์ข
์ธํฌ์ฃผ์ธ PC12 ์ธํฌ์ ํก์๋ฅผ ์ผ์ฐจ ์ ๊ฒฝ ์ธํฌ์ ๋น๊ตํ์ต๋๋ค. MNPs๊ฐ ํ์ฌ๋ PC12 ์ธํฌ์ ๋น์จ์ด ์ ๊ฒฝ ์ธํฌ๋ณด๋ค ํ์ ํ ๋์ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ์ต๋๋ค. ์ผ์ฐจ ํผํฉ ์ ๊ฒฝ/์๊ต์ธํฌ ๋ฐฐ์์์์ ํก์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋ฏธ์ธ์๊ต์ธํฌ์ ์ํ MNPs์ ํก์๊ฐ ์ฐ์ธํ๊ณ ๊ทธ ์๊ฐ ์ฆ๊ฐํ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ์ต๋๋ค. MNPs๊ฐ ํฌํจ๋ ์์คํธ๋ก๊ธ๋ฆฌ์์ ์ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋ด๋๋ก๊ธ๋ฆฌ์์ ์๋ ๋ ๋ฎ์๊ณ ์์ ์ ์ด์์ต๋๋ค. ์ผ์ฐจ ํผํฉ ์๋ฐ ์ธํฌ/์ฌ์ ์์ธํฌ ๋ฐฐ์์ ๋ ์ธํฌ ์ ํ ๋ชจ๋ ์ ์ฌํ MNP ํก์๋ฅผ ๋ณด์์ง๋ง, MNP ๋ฐฐ์ ํ ์๋ฐ ์ธํฌ ์๋ ๊ฐ์ํ์ต๋๋ค. ์ฒ์ ์ฌ๋ผ์ด์ค์ ๋ง์ด ์ ๊ฒฝ ์ด์ํธ์ ์ ๊ธฐํ ๊ณต๋ ๋ฐฐ์์ ๋ถ์ฐ๋ ์ผ์ฐจ ์ธํฌ ๋ฐฐ์์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์ ์ฌํ์ต๋๋ค.",
"role": "passage"
}
] | The commercial MNPs used activated microglial phagocytosis in both disperse and organotypic culture systems. It can be assumed that in vivo application would induce immune system reactivity, too. Because of this, their usefulness for in vivo neuroscientific implementations can be questioned. Future studies will need to overcome this issue with the use of cell-specific targeting strategies. Additionally, we found that PC12 cells took up significantly more MNPs than primary neurons. This difference indicates that PC12 cells are not a suitable model for natural neuronal uptake of nanoparticles and qualify previous results in PC12 cells. | ์์
์ฉ MNPs๋ ๋ถ์ฐ ๋ฐฐ์ ์์คํ
๊ณผ ์ ๊ธฐ ๋ฐฐ์ ์์คํ
๋ชจ๋์์ ํ์ฑํ๋ ๋ฏธ์ธ์๊ต์ธํฌ ์์ธํฌ ์์ฉ์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ต๋๋ค. ์์ฒด ๋ด ์ ์ฉ์ด ๋ฉด์ญ ์ฒด๊ณ ๋ฐ์์ฑ์ ์ ๋ํ ๊ฒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ ํ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค. ์ด ๋๋ฌธ์ ์์ฒด ๋ด ์ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ ๊ตฌํ์ ๋ํ ์ ์ฉ์ฑ์ ์๋ฌธ์ ์ ๊ธฐํ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค. ํฅํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์๋ ์ธํฌ ํน์ด์ ํ๊ฒํ
์ ๋ต์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํด์ผ ํ ๊ฒ์
๋๋ค. ๋ํ PC12 ์ธํฌ๊ฐ 1์ฐจ ๋ด๋ฐ๋ณด๋ค ํจ์ฌ ๋ ๋ง์ MNPs๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์งํ๋ค๋ ์ฌ์ค์ ๋ฐ๊ฒฌํ์ต๋๋ค. ์ด ์ฐจ์ด๋ PC12 ์ธํฌ๊ฐ ๋๋
ธ ์
์์ ์์ฐ์ค๋ฌ์ด ์ ๊ฒฝ ํก์์ ์ ํฉํ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์๋๋ฉฐ, PC12 ์ธํฌ์ ์ด์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑํ๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ํ๋
๋๋ค. |
22,428,801 | Are supragastric belches the main determinants of troublesome belching symptoms in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) frequently report excessive belching but it is not known what determines the severity of these complaints.",
"To determine what causes troublesome belching symptoms in GERD patients.",
"We included 90 consecutive patients who were referred for ambulatory 24-h pH-impedance measurement as part of the analysis of reflux symptoms. Overall severity of belching was reported by the patients using a 3-point scale. Furthermore, each belch perceived during the ambulatory measurement was reported by the patients using a symptom diary.",
"No significant differences in frequency of gastric belches or combined liquid reflux and gastric belches were observed. However, the number of supragastric belches was significantly higher in patients with severe belching complaints compared to patients with moderate and none to mild complaints. Moreover, the number of supragastric belches which coincided with a liquid reflux episode was significantly higher in patients with severe complaints than in those with moderate and none to mild complaints. Per-patient analysis showed that belches coinciding with a liquid reflux event were more often symptomatic than isolated belches."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Eructation",
"Esophageal pH Monitoring",
"Female",
"Gastroesophageal Reflux",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Young Adult"
]
} | The type of belch determines the burden of belching complaints in patients with GERD. Supragastric belches, not gastric belches determine the severity of belching complaints. | yes | pub_med_qa40018 | [
{
"content": "์์๋ ์ญ๋ฅ ์งํ ํ์์์ ์์๋ถ ํธ๋ฆผ์ด ๋ฌธ์ ์ฑ ํธ๋ฆผ ์ฆ์์ ์ฃผ์ ๊ฒฐ์ ์์ธ์
๋๊น?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์์๋ ์ญ๋ฅ ์งํ(GERD) ํ์๋ค์ ์ข
์ข
๊ณผ๋ํ ํธ๋ฆผ์ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ์ง๋ง, ์ด๋ฌํ ๋ถ๋ง์ ์ฌ๊ฐ์ฑ์ ๊ฒฐ์ ํ๋ ์์ธ์ด ๋ฌด์์ธ์ง๋ ์๋ ค์ ธ ์์ง ์์ต๋๋ค.\n\n2)\nGERD ํ์์๊ฒ ๋ฌธ์ ๊ฐ ๋๋ ํธ๋ฆผ ์ฆ์์ ์ ๋ฐํ๋ ์์ธ์ ํ์ธํฉ๋๋ค.\n\n3)\n์ญ๋ฅ ์ฆ์ ๋ถ์์ ์ผํ์ผ๋ก ์ธ๋ 24์๊ฐ pH ์ํผ๋์ค ์ธก์ ์ ์ํด ์๋ขฐ๋ 90๋ช
์ ์ฐ์ ํ์๋ฅผ ํฌํจ์์ผฐ์ต๋๋ค. ํ์๋ค์ 3์ ์ฒ๋๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ํธ๋ฆผ์ ์ ๋ฐ์ ์ธ ์ค์ฆ๋๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ์ต๋๋ค. ๋ํ, ์ธ๋ ์ธก์ ์ค์ ์ธ์ง๋ ๊ฐ ํธ๋ฆผ์ ์ฆ์ ์ผ์ง๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ํ์๋ค์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ํ์ต๋๋ค.\n\n4)\n์ ํธ๋ฆผ ๋๋ ์ก์ฒด ์ญ๋ฅ์ ์ ํธ๋ฆผ์ ๊ฒฐํฉํ ๋น๋์๋ ์ ์๋ฏธํ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ ๊ด์ฐฐ๋์ง ์์์ต๋๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ์ฌํ ํธ๋ฆผ ๋ถ๋ง์ ๊ฐ์ง ํ์์ ์์๋ถ ํธ๋ฆผ ์๋ ์ค๋ฑ๋ ๋ฐ ๋ฌด~๊ฒฝ์ฆ ๋ถ๋ง์ ๊ฐ์ง ํ์์ ๋นํด ์ ์ํ๊ฒ ๋์์ต๋๋ค. ๋ํ ์ก์ฒด ์ญ๋ฅ ์ํผ์๋์ ์ผ์นํ๋ ์์๋ถ ํธ๋ฆผ์ ์๋ ์ค๋ฑ๋ ๋ฐ ๋ฌด~๊ฒฝ์ฆ ๋ถ๋ง์ ๊ฐ์ง ํ์๋ณด๋ค ์ค์ฆ ๋ถ๋ง์ ๊ฐ์ง ํ์์์ ์ ์ํ๊ฒ ๋์์ต๋๋ค. ํ์๋ณ ๋ถ์์ ๋ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ก์ฒด ์ญ๋ฅ ์ฌ๊ฑด๊ณผ ๋์์ ๋ฐ์ํ๋ ํธ๋ฆผ์ ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ๋ ํธ๋ฆผ๋ณด๋ค ์ฆ์์ด ๋ ์์ฃผ ๋ํ๋๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ์ต๋๋ค.",
"role": "passage"
}
] | The type of belch determines the burden of belching complaints in patients with GERD. Supragastric belches, not gastric belches determine the severity of belching complaints. | ํธ๋ฆผ ์ ํ์ GERD ํ์์ ํธ๋ฆผ ๋ถ๋ง ๋ถ๋ด์ ๊ฒฐ์ ํฉ๋๋ค. ์ ํธ๋ฆผ์ด ์๋ ์ ํธ๋ฆผ์ด ํธ๋ฆผ ๋ถ๋ง์ ์ฌ๊ฐ์ฑ์ ๊ฒฐ์ ํฉ๋๋ค. |
22,428,038 | Is activation of PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathway through a PDGFRฮฒ-dependent feedback loop involved in rapamycin resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"Rapamycin is an attractive approach for the treatment and prevention of HCC recurrence after liver transplantation. However, the objective response rates of rapamycin achieved with single-agent therapy were modest, supporting that rapamycin resistance is a frequently observed characteristic of many cancers. Some studies have been devoted to understanding the mechanisms of rapamycin resistance, however, the mechanisms are cell-type-dependent and studies on rapamycin resistance in HCC are extremely limited.",
"The anti-tumor sensitivity of rapamycin was modest in vitro and in vivo. In both human and rat HCC cells, rapamycin up-regulated the expression and phosphorylation of PDGFRฮฒ in a time and dose-dependent manner as assessed by RT-PCR and western blot analysis. Using siRNA mediated knockdown of PDGFRฮฒ, we confirmed that subsequent activation of AKT and ERK was PDGFRฮฒ-dependent and compromised the anti-tumor activity of rapamycin. Then, blockade of this PDGFRฮฒ-dependent feedback loop by sorafenib enhanced the anti-tumor sensitivity of rapamycin in vitro and in an immunocompetent orthotopic rat model of HCC."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Blotting, Western",
"Carcinoma, Hepatocellular",
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Drug Resistance, Neoplasm",
"Enzyme Activation",
"Feedback, Physiological",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic",
"Gene Silencing",
"Humans",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"Liver Neoplasms",
"Male",
"Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases",
"Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt",
"RNA, Small Interfering",
"Rats",
"Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta",
"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Signal Transduction",
"Sirolimus",
"Tetrazolium Salts",
"Thiazoles"
]
} | Activation of PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathway through a PDGFRฮฒ-dependent feedback loop compromises the anti-tumor activity of rapamycin in HCC, and blockade of this feedback loop by sorafenib is an attractive approach to improve the anti-tumor effect of rapamycin, particularly in preventing or treating HCC recurrence after liver transplantation. | yes | pub_med_qa40019 | [
{
"content": "PDGFRฮฒ ์์กด์ฑ ํผ๋๋ฐฑ ๋ฃจํ๋ฅผ ํตํ PI3K/AKT ๋ฐ MAPK ๊ฒฝ๋ก์ ํ์ฑํ๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ธํฌ์์ข
์์ ๋ผํ๋ง์ด์ ์ ํญ์ฑ์ ๊ด์ฌํฉ๋๊น?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๋ผํ๋ง์ด์ ์ ๊ฐ ์ด์ ํ ๊ฐ์ธํฌ์(HCC) ์ฌ๋ฐ์ ์น๋ฃ์ ์๋ฐฉ์ ์ํ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ์ ๊ทผ๋ฒ์
๋๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ๋จ์ผ ์ฝ์ ์๋ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ฌ์ฑ๋ ๋ผํ๋ง์ด์ ์ ๊ฐ๊ด์ ์ธ ๋ฐ์๋ฅ ์ ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ์ฌ ๋ผํ๋ง์ด์ ์ ํญ์ฑ์ด ๋ง์ ์์์ ์์ฃผ ๊ด์ฐฐ๋๋ ํน์ง์์ ๋ท๋ฐ์นจํฉ๋๋ค. ์ผ๋ถ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ๋ผํ๋ง์ด์ ์ ํญ์ฑ์ ๋ฉ์ปค๋์ฆ์ ์ดํดํ๋ ๋ฐ ์ ๋
ํด ์์ง๋ง, ๊ทธ ๋ฉ์ปค๋์ฆ์ ์ธํฌ ์ ํ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๋ฌ๋ผ์ง๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ์ธํฌ์(HCC)์์ ๋ผํ๋ง์ด์ ์ ํญ์ฑ์ ๋ํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ๊ทนํ ์ ํ์ ์
๋๋ค.\n\n2)\n๋ผํ๋ง์ด์ ์ ํญ์ข
์ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋๋ ์ํ๊ด ๋ด ๋ฐ ์์ฒด ๋ด์์ ๋ณดํต ์์ค์ด์์ต๋๋ค. ์ธ๊ฐ ๋ฐ ์ฅ ๊ฐ์ธํฌ์ ์ธํฌ ๋ชจ๋์์ ๋ผํ๋ง์ด์ ์ RT-PCR ๋ฐ ์จ์คํด ๋ธ๋กฏ ๋ถ์์ ํตํด ํ๊ฐ๋ ๋ฐ์ ๊ฐ์ด PDGFRฮฒ์ ๋ฐํ๊ณผ ์ธ์ฐํ๋ฅผ ์๊ฐ ๋ฐ ์ฉ๋ ์์กด์ ์ผ๋ก ์ํฅ ์กฐ์ ํ์ต๋๋ค. siRNA ๋งค๊ฐ PDGFRฮฒ์ ๋
น๋ค์ด์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ, ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ AKT์ ERK์ ํ์ ํ์ฑํ๊ฐ PDGFRฮฒ ์์กด์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ผํ๋ง์ด์ ์ ํญ์ข
์ ํ์ฑ์ ์ ํ์ํจ๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ํ์ธํ์ต๋๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฐ ๋ค์ ์๋ผํ๋์ ์ํด ์ด PDGFRฮฒ ์์กด ํผ๋๋ฐฑ ๋ฃจํ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๋จํจ์ผ๋ก์จ ์ํ๊ด ๋ด ๋ฐ HCC์ ๋ฉด์ญ ์ ๊ฒฉ ์ง๊ต ์ฅ ๋ชจ๋ธ์์ ๋ผํ๋ง์ด์ ์ ํญ์ข
์ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋๊ฐ ํฅ์๋์์ต๋๋ค.",
"role": "passage"
}
] | Activation of PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathway through a PDGFRฮฒ-dependent feedback loop compromises the anti-tumor activity of rapamycin in HCC, and blockade of this feedback loop by sorafenib is an attractive approach to improve the anti-tumor effect of rapamycin, particularly in preventing or treating HCC recurrence after liver transplantation. | PDGFRฮฒ ์์กด์ฑ ํผ๋๋ฐฑ ๋ฃจํ๋ฅผ ํตํด PI3K/AKT ๋ฐ MAPK ๊ฒฝ๋ก๋ฅผ ํ์ฑํํ๋ฉด ๊ฐ์ธํฌ์์ข
(HCC)์์ ๋ผํ๋ง์ด์ ์ ํญ์ข
์ ํ์ฑ์ด ์ ํ๋๋ฉฐ, ์๋ผํ๋์ ์ํ ์ด ํผ๋๋ฐฑ ๋ฃจํ ์ฐจ๋จ์ ํนํ ๊ฐ ์ด์ ํ ๊ฐ์ธํฌ์์ข
์ฌ๋ฐ์ ์๋ฐฉํ๊ฑฐ๋ ์น๋ฃํ๋ ๋ฐ ์์ด ๋ผํ๋ง์ด์ ์ ํญ์ข
์ ํจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ ํ๋ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ์ ๊ทผ๋ฒ์
๋๋ค. |
22,417,823 | 'm `` I afraid of those ones just 'cause they 've been prescribed '' : perceptions of risk among illicit users of pharmaceutical opioids? | {
"contexts": [
"There has been a rise in the illicit use of pharmaceutical opioids (\"pain pills\") in the United States. Conducted with young adult non-medical users of pharmaceutical opioids, this study uses qualitative methods and cultural consensus analysis to describe risk perceptions associated with pharmaceutical opioids and to determine patterns of cultural sharing and intra-cultural variation of these views.",
"The qualitative sub-sample (n=47) was selected from a larger sample of 396 young adults (18-23 years old), who were participating in a natural history study of illicit pharmaceutical opioid use. Qualitative life history interviews, drug ranking task, and cultural consensus analysis were used to elicit participant views about risks and harms associated with pain pills and other drugs, as well as alcohol and tobacco.",
"Cultural consensus analysis revealed that the participants shared a single cultural model of drug risks, but the level of agreement decreased with the increasing range of drugs ever used. Further, those with more extensive drug use histories differed from less \"experienced\" users in their views about OxyContin and some other drugs. Overall, pain pills were viewed as addicting and potentially deadly substances, but these properties were linked to the patterns and methods of use, as well as characteristics of an individual user. Further, risks associated with pharmaceutical opioids were further curtailed because they \"came from the doctor,\" and thus had a legitimate aspect to their use."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Analgesics, Opioid",
"Consensus",
"Cultural Characteristics",
"Data Collection",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Models, Theoretical",
"Opioid-Related Disorders",
"Prescription Drugs",
"Risk",
"United States",
"Young Adult"
]
} | This study highlights potential problems with universal approaches to substance use prevention and intervention among young people since such approaches ignore the fact that substance use education messages may be experienced differently depending on an individual's drug use history and his/her perceptions of drug risks. Findings reported here may be useful in the development of prevention and intervention programs aimed at reducing the harm associated with illicit use of pain pills. | no | pub_med_qa40020 | [
{
"content": "'์์ฝํ ์คํผ์ค์ด๋์ ๋ถ๋ฒ ์ฌ์ฉ์๋ค ์ฌ์ด์์ ์ํ์ ๋ํ ์ธ์์ '์ฒ๋ฐฉ๋์๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ๊ทธ๋ฐ ๊ฒ๋ค์ด ๋๋ ต์ต๋๋ค'์
๋๋ค?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๋ฏธ๊ตญ์์ ์์ฝํ ์คํผ์ค์ด๋(\"ํต์ฆ์ \")์ ๋ถ๋ฒ ์ฌ์ฉ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐํ๊ณ ์์ต๋๋ค. ์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ์ ์ ์ฑ์ธ ๋น์๋ฃ ์ฌ์ฉ์๋ฅผ ๋์์ผ๋ก ์ํ๋์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ง์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ๊ณผ ๋ฌธํ์ ํฉ์ ๋ถ์์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ์์ฝํ ์คํผ์ค์ด๋์ ๊ด๋ จ๋ ์ํ ์ธ์์ ์ค๋ช
ํ๊ณ ์ด๋ฌํ ๊ฒฌํด์ ๋ฌธํ์ ๊ณต์ ํจํด๊ณผ ๋ฌธํ ๋ด ๋ณ์ด๋ฅผ ํ์ธํฉ๋๋ค.\n\n2)\n์ง์ ํ์ ํ๋ณธ(n=47)์ ๋ถ๋ฒ ์์ฝํ ์คํผ์ค์ด๋ ์ฌ์ฉ์ ๋ํ ์์ฐ์ฌ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ์ฐธ์ฌํ๊ณ ์๋ 396๋ช
์ ์ ์ ์ฑ์ธ(18~23์ธ)์ ๋์์ผ๋ก ํ ๋๊ท๋ชจ ํ๋ณธ์์ ์ ์ ๋์์ต๋๋ค. ์ง์ ์์ ์ฌ ์ธํฐ๋ทฐ, ์ฝ๋ฌผ ์์ ๋งค๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ๊ณผ์ , ๋ฌธํ์ ํฉ์ ๋ถ์์ ํตํด ์์ฝ์ฌ ๋ฐ ๋ด๋ฐฐ๋ฟ๋ง ์๋๋ผ ์งํต์ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํ ์ฝ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ด๋ จ๋ ์ํ๊ณผ ํด์
์ ๋ํ ์ฐธ๊ฐ์๋ค์ ๊ฒฌํด๋ฅผ ๋์ถํ์ต๋๋ค.\n\n3)\n๋ฌธํ์ ํฉ์ ๋ถ์์ ๋ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ฐธ๊ฐ์๋ค์ ์ฝ๋ฌผ ์ํ์ ๋ํ ๋จ์ผ ๋ฌธํ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ ๊ณต์ ํ์ง๋ง, ์ฌ์ฉ๋ ์ฝ๋ฌผ์ ๋ฒ์๊ฐ ์ฆ๊ฐํจ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ํฉ์ ์์ค์ด ๊ฐ์ํ์ต๋๋ค. ๋ํ ์ฝ๋ฌผ ์ฌ์ฉ ์ด๋ ฅ์ด ๋ ๊ด๋ฒ์ํ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ OxyContinue ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํ ์ฝ๋ฌผ์ ๋ํ ๊ฒฌํด๊ฐ ๋ \"๊ฒฝํ์ด ์๋\" ์ฌ์ฉ์๋ค๊ณผ ๋ฌ๋์ต๋๋ค. ์ ๋ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ์งํต์ ๋ ์ค๋
์ฑ์ด ์๊ณ ์น๋ช
์ ์ผ ์ ์๋ ๋ฌผ์ง๋ก ์ฌ๊ฒจ์ก์ง๋ง, ์ด๋ฌํ ํน์ฑ์ ์ฌ์ฉ ํจํด๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ, ๊ฐ๋ณ ์ฌ์ฉ์์ ํน์ฑ๊ณผ ์ฐ๊ด์ด ์์์ต๋๋ค. ๋ํ, ์์ฝํ ์คํผ์ค์ด๋์ ๊ด๋ จ๋ ์ํ์ \"์์ฌ๋ก๋ถํฐ ๋์จ ๊ฒ\"์ด๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ๋์ฑ ์ค์ด๋ค์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐ๋ผ์ ๊ทธ ์ฌ์ฉ์ ์ ๋นํ ์ธก๋ฉด์ด ์์์ต๋๋ค.",
"role": "passage"
}
] | This study highlights potential problems with universal approaches to substance use prevention and intervention among young people since such approaches ignore the fact that substance use education messages may be experienced differently depending on an individual's drug use history and his/her perceptions of drug risks. Findings reported here may be useful in the development of prevention and intervention programs aimed at reducing the harm associated with illicit use of pain pills. | ์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ์ฝ๋ฌผ ์ฌ์ฉ ์๋ฐฉ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ์
์ ๋ํ ๋ณดํธ์ ์ธ ์ ๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์์ด ์ ์์ด๋ค ์ฌ์ด์์ ์ ์ฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์กฐํฉ๋๋ค. ์ด๋ฌํ ์ ๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์์ ๊ฐ์ธ์ ์ฝ๋ฌผ ์ฌ์ฉ ์ด๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ฝ๋ฌผ ์ํ์ ๋ํ ์ธ์์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ์ฝ๋ฌผ ์ฌ์ฉ ๊ต์ก ๋ฉ์์ง๋ฅผ ๋ค๋ฅด๊ฒ ๊ฒฝํํ ์ ์๋ค๋ ์ฌ์ค์ ๋ฌด์ํ๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์
๋๋ค. ์ฌ๊ธฐ์ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ ์งํต์ ์ ๋ถ๋ฒ ์ฌ์ฉ์ผ๋ก ์ธํ ํผํด๋ฅผ ์ค์ด๊ธฐ ์ํ ์๋ฐฉ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ์
ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ ๊ฐ๋ฐ์ ์ ์ฉํ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค. |
22,429,179 | Do video-based cases disrupt deep critical thinking in problem-based learning? | {
"contexts": [
"โ Video is a popular tool in problem-based learning (PBL), although its production requires resources and time. Few studies have examined the impact of the use of video in PBL upon cognitive processes and critical thinking. Those that have done focused on cases involving physical signs, where video has natural advantages.",
"โ This study aimed to investigate preferences for video- or text-based cases and the effects of each format upon medical students' deep thinking in PBL. Tutorials were based on material portraying interviews with patients with conditions that include psychosocial elements but no physical signs.",
"โ Four tutorial groups of students in a Year 2 endocrine and reproductive pathophysiology course participated in a crossover study using one video-based and one text-based case. Transcripts of tutorials were coded for depth of thinking by a blinded coder. A generalised estimating equation model was used to adjust for potential differences among groups, cases, and tutor participation. The distribution of cognitive activity within the crossover groups and the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for deep versus superficial thinking were calculated. A prior cohort of 165 students and 18 tutors completed a survey of learning preferences.",
"โ Of 5224 student utterances, the majority referred to problem exploration (2622, 50%) and description (1479, 28%). Overall, the odds of deep thinking versus superficial thinking were significantly lower using video-based cases compared with text-based cases (2045 deep/2454 for video versus 1961 deep/2218 for text; OR 0.663, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.582-0.754; pโ<โ0.0001). This was also true for the problem exploration domain (1217 deep/1365 for video versus 1178 deep/1257 for text; OR 0.559, 95% CI 0.355-0.882; pโ=โ0.0125). The majority of students (59%) and tutors (78%) indicated a preference for video-based cases over text-based cases."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Computer-Assisted Instruction",
"Cross-Over Studies",
"Education, Medical, Undergraduate",
"Educational Measurement",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Patient Simulation",
"Problem-Based Learning",
"Regression Analysis",
"Students, Medical",
"Thinking",
"Video Recording"
]
} | โ Students and their tutors prefer video-based cases in PBL. However, compared with text-based material, the use of video-based material that refers to cases without dynamic physical signs is associated with a reduction in deep thinking. | yes | pub_med_qa40021 | [
{
"content": "๋น๋์ค ๊ธฐ๋ฐ ์ฌ๋ก๊ฐ ๋ฌธ์ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ ํ์ต์์ ๊น์ ๋นํ์ ์ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉํดํฉ๋๊น?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "๋น๋์ค ๊ธฐ๋ฐ ์ฌ๋ก๊ฐ ๋ฌธ์ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ ํ์ต์์ ๊น์ ๋นํ์ ์ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉํดํฉ๋๊น?",
"role": "passage"
}
] | โ Students and their tutors prefer video-based cases in PBL. However, compared with text-based material, the use of video-based material that refers to cases without dynamic physical signs is associated with a reduction in deep thinking. | ํ์๊ณผ ํํฐ๋ PBL์์ ๋น๋์ค ๊ธฐ๋ฐ ์ฌ๋ก๋ฅผ ์ ํธํฉ๋๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ํ
์คํธ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ ์๋ฃ์ ๋นํด ๋์ ์ ์ฒด ์งํ๊ฐ ์๋ ์ฌ๋ก๋ฅผ ์ง์นญํ๋ ๋น๋์ค ๊ธฐ๋ฐ ์๋ฃ์ ์ฌ์ฉ์ ๊น์ ์ฌ๊ณ ์ ๊ฐ์์ ๊ด๋ จ์ด ์์ต๋๋ค. |
22,441,698 | Does perfluorooctane sulfonate increase ฮฒ-oxidation of palmitic acid in chicken liver? | {
"contexts": [
"Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) belongs to a group of chemicals called perfluoroalkyl acids that have been extensively used in various applications such as stain and oil resistant treatments for fabrics, fire-fighting foams, and insecticides. These chemicals present an environmental and health risk being present in many samples both in wildlife and humans. In this study, we investigate the effect of PFOS on fatty acid ฮฒ-oxidation in developing chicken embryos.",
"Fertilized chicken eggs were exposed in ovo to PFOS at day 4 of incubation. On day 10, the eggs were dissected and livers were incubated in vitro with (3)H-palmitic acid for 2 h. The media were collected, and after clean up, the amount of tritiated water was measured with liquid scintillation counting to determine the rate of palmitic acid ฮฒ-oxidation.",
"PFOS was found to induce fatty acid ฮฒ-oxidation at doses starting from a lowest observed effect level (LOEL) of 0.1 ฮผg/g egg weight. Maximum induction of 77% compared to control was seen at 0.3 ฮผg/g."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Alkanesulfonic Acids",
"Animals",
"Chick Embryo",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Fluorocarbons",
"Liver",
"Oxidation-Reduction",
"Palmitic Acid",
"Toxicity Tests"
]
} | The administered doses in which effects are seen are around and even lower than the levels that can be found in wild populations of birds. General population human levels are a factor of two to three times lower than the LOEL value of this study. The environmental contamination of PFOS therefore presents a possibility of effects in wild populations of birds. | yes | pub_med_qa40022 | [
{
"content": "ํผํ๋ฃจ์ค๋ก์ฅํ ์คํฐ์ฐ์ผ์ด ๋ญ ๊ฐ์์ ํ๋ฏธํธ์ฐ์ ฮฒ ์ฐํ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ์ํค๋์?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\nํผํ๋ฃจ์ค๋ก์ฅํ ์คํฐ์ฐ์ผ(PFOS)์ ํผํ๋ฃจ์ค๋ก์ํฌ์ฐ์ด๋ผ๋ ํํ๋ฌผ์ง ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ ์ํ๋ฉฐ, ์ง๋ฌผ, ์ํ ํผ, ์ด์ถฉ์ ์ ์ผ๋ฃฉ ๋ฐ ๋ด์ ์ฑ ์ฒ๋ฆฌ ๋ฑ ๋ค์ํ ์์ฉ ๋ถ์ผ์์ ๊ด๋ฒ์ํ๊ฒ ์ฌ์ฉ๋์ด ์์ต๋๋ค. ์ด๋ฌํ ํํ๋ฌผ์ง๋ค์ ์ผ์๋๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์ธ๊ฐ ๋ชจ๋์๊ฒ ๋ง์ ์ํ์์ ํ๊ฒฝ์ ๋ฐ ๊ฑด๊ฐ์์ ์ํ์ ์ด๋ํฉ๋๋ค. ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์๋ ๋ฐ๋ฌ ์ค์ธ ๋ญ ๋ฐฐ์์์ ์ง๋ฐฉ์ฐ ฮฒ ์ฐํ์ ๋ํ PFOS์ ์ํฅ์ ์กฐ์ฌํฉ๋๋ค.\n\n2)\n์์ ๋ ๋ญ ์์ ๋ฐฐ์ 4์ผ์งธ์ PFOS์ ๋์๋ก ๋
ธ์ถ๋์์ต๋๋ค. 10์ผ์งธ์ ์์ ํด๋ถํ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ (3)H-ํ๋ฏธํธ์ฐ๊ณผ ํจ๊ป ์ํ๊ด ๋ด์์ 2์๊ฐ ๋์ ๋ฐฐ์ํ์ต๋๋ค. ๋ฐฐ์ง๋ฅผ ์์งํ๊ณ ์ธ์ฒํ ํ ์ก์ฒด ์ฌ๊ด ๊ณ์๋ก ์ผ์ค์์์ ์์ ์ธก์ ํ์ฌ ํ๋ฏธํธ์ฐ ฮฒ-์ฐํ ์๋๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ ํ์ต๋๋ค.\n\n3)\nPFOS๋ ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋ฎ์ ๊ด์ฐฐ ํจ๊ณผ ์์ค(LOEL)์ธ 0.1 ฮผg/g ๋ฌ๊ฑ ๋ฌด๊ฒ์์ ์์ํ๋ ์ฉ๋์์ ์ง๋ฐฉ์ฐ ฮฒ ์ฐํ๋ฅผ ์ ๋ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ฐํ์ก์ต๋๋ค. ๋์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋น๊ตํ์ ๋ ์ต๋ 77%์ ์ ๋๊ฐ 0.3 ฮผg/g์์ ๋ํ๋ฌ์ต๋๋ค.",
"role": "passage"
}
] | The administered doses in which effects are seen are around and even lower than the levels that can be found in wild populations of birds. General population human levels are a factor of two to three times lower than the LOEL value of this study. The environmental contamination of PFOS therefore presents a possibility of effects in wild populations of birds. | ํจ๊ณผ๊ฐ ๋ํ๋๋ ํฌ์ฌ ์ฉ๋์ ์ผ์ ์กฐ๋ฅ ๊ฐ์ฒด๊ตฐ์์ ๋ฐ๊ฒฌ๋๋ ์์ค๋ณด๋ค ๋น์ทํ๊ฑฐ๋ ๋ ๋ฎ์ต๋๋ค. ์ผ๋ฐ ๊ฐ์ฒด๊ตฐ์ ์ธ๊ฐ ์์ค์ ์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ LOEL ๊ฐ๋ณด๋ค 2~3๋ฐฐ ๋ฎ์ต๋๋ค. ๋ฐ๋ผ์ PFOS์ ํ๊ฒฝ ์ค์ผ์ ์ผ์ ์กฐ๋ฅ ๊ฐ์ฒด๊ตฐ์์ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ์ ์์ฌํฉ๋๋ค. |
22,440,891 | Are infection-related hospitalizations associated with increased mortality in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases? | {
"contexts": [
"Serious infections are an important side effect of immunosuppressive therapy used to treat Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). There have been no nationally representative studies examining the spectrum of infection related hospitalizations in patients with IBD.",
"Our study consisted of all adult CD and UC related hospitalizations from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample 2007, a national hospitalization database in the United States. We then identified all infection-related hospitalizations through codes for either the specific infections or disease processes (sepsis, pneumonia, etc.). Predictors of infections as well as the excess morbidity associated with infections were determined using multivariate regression models.",
"There were an estimated 67,221 hospitalizations related to infections in IBD patients, comprising 27.5% of all IBD hospitalizations. On multivariate analysis, infections were independently associated with age, co-morbidity, malnutrition, TPN, and bowel surgery. Infection-related hospitalizations had a four-fold greater mortality (OR 4.4, 95% CI 3.7-5.2). However, this varied by type of infection with the strongest effect seen for sepsis (OR 15.3, 95% CI 12.4-18.6), pneumonia (OR 3.6, 95% CI 2.9-4.5) and C. difficile (OR 3.2, 95% CI 2.6-4.0), and weaker effects for urinary infections (OR 1.4, 95%CI 1.1-1.7). Infections were also associated with an estimated 2.3 days excess hospital stay (95% CI 2.2-2.5) and $12,482 in hospitalization charges."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Age Factors",
"Aged",
"Clostridium Infections",
"Clostridium difficile",
"Colitis, Ulcerative",
"Confidence Intervals",
"Crohn Disease",
"Female",
"Hospital Mortality",
"Hospitalization",
"Humans",
"Length of Stay",
"Male",
"Malnutrition",
"Middle Aged",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Odds Ratio",
"Parenteral Nutrition, Total",
"Pneumonia",
"Risk Factors",
"Sepsis",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Infections account for significant morbidity and mortality in patients with IBD and disproportionately impact older IBD patients with greater co-morbidity. Pneumonia, sepsis and C difficile infection are associated with the greatest excess mortality risk. | yes | pub_med_qa40023 | [
{
"content": "์ผ์ฆ์ฑ ์ฅ์งํ ํ์์์ ๊ฐ์ผ ๊ด๋ จ ์
์์ด ์ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์ฆ๊ฐ์ ๊ด๋ จ์ด ์์ต๋๊น?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "์ผ์ฆ์ฑ ์ฅ์งํ ํ์์์ ๊ฐ์ผ ๊ด๋ จ ์
์์ด ์ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์ฆ๊ฐ์ ๊ด๋ จ์ด ์์ต๋๊น?",
"role": "passage"
}
] | Infections account for significant morbidity and mortality in patients with IBD and disproportionately impact older IBD patients with greater co-morbidity. Pneumonia, sepsis and C difficile infection are associated with the greatest excess mortality risk. | ๊ฐ์ผ์ IBD ํ์์์ ์ฌ๊ฐํ ์ดํ์จ๊ณผ ์ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์ ์ฐจ์งํ๋ฉฐ, ๋๋ฐ ์งํ์ด ๋ ํฐ ๊ณ ๋ น IBD ํ์์๊ฒ ๋ถ๊ท ํ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋๋ค. ํ๋ ด, ํจํ์ฆ ๋ฐ Cํ ๋ํผ์ค ๊ฐ์ผ์ ๊ฐ์ฅ ํฐ ์ด๊ณผ ์ฌ๋ง ์ํ๊ณผ ๊ด๋ จ์ด ์์ต๋๋ค. |
22,417,945 | Is the G894T polymorphism on endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene associated with increased coronary heart disease among Asia population : evidence from a Meta analysis? | {
"contexts": [
"Growing studies have revealed the underlying association between eNOS 894G/T (rs1799983) polymorphism and coronary heart disease (CHD) among Asia population. Results from these studies remained conflicting. We conducted this meta-analysis to estimate the overall CHD risk of eNOS 894G/T polymorphism regarding Asia population.",
"Up to October 2011, databases including PubMed, Embase and CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) were searched to access the relevant genetic association studies. Summary odds ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for eNOS 894G/T polymorphism and CHD risk were estimated using fixed or random-effects models when appropriate.",
"18 case-control studies with 2,994 cases and 3,130 controls were available for this study, including 13 studies of East-Asia descendents, 5 studies of Non East-Asian descendents. The mean T allele frequency was 0.111 in the East-Asia population and 0.147 in the Non East-Asia population, respectively. The summary OR for CHD associated with the T allele was 1.52 (95% confidence intervals (95%CI), 1.37-1.69) by random effects model. Similarly, significantly increased risks were observed in the East-Asia population (OR=1.54; 95%CI=1.35-1.76) and in the Non East-Asia population (OR=1.48; 95%CI=1.24-1.77), respectively."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Asia",
"Asian Continental Ancestry Group",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Coronary Disease",
"Genetic Association Studies",
"Genetic Predisposition to Disease",
"Humans",
"Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III",
"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide"
]
} | This meta-analysis indicated that eNOS 894G/T polymorphism may play an important role in CHD development among Asia population. | yes | pub_med_qa40024 | [
{
"content": "๋ดํผ ์ฐํ์ง์ ํฉ์ฑํจ์ ์ ์ ์์ G894T ๋คํ์ฑ์ด ์์์ ์ธ๊ตฌ์ ๊ด์๋๋งฅ ์ฌ์ฅ ์งํ ์ฆ๊ฐ์ ๊ด๋ จ์ด ์์ต๋๊น? ๋ฉํ ๋ถ์์ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ฑ์ฅํ๋ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์์์ ์ธ๊ตฌ์์ eNOS 894G/T(rs1799983) ๋คํ์ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด์๋๋งฅ ์ฌ์ฅ ์งํ(CHD) ์ฌ์ด์ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ฐ๊ด์ฑ์ด ๋ฐํ์ก์ต๋๋ค. ์ด๋ฌํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ ์ฌ์ ํ ์๋ฐ๋ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์์ต๋๋ค. ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์์์ ์ธ๊ตฌ์ ๋ํ eNOS 894G/T ๋คํ์ฑ์ ์ ๋ฐ์ ์ธ CHD ์ํ์ ์ถ์ ํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ด ๋ฉํ ๋ถ์์ ์ํํ์ต๋๋ค.\n\n2)\n2011๋
10์๊น์ง PubMed, Embase, CNKI(์ค๊ตญ ๊ตญ๊ฐ ์ง์ ์ธํ๋ผ)๋ฅผ ํฌํจํ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ฒ ์ด์ค๋ฅผ ๊ฒ์ํ์ฌ ๊ด๋ จ ์ ์ ์ ์ฐ๊ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ์ ๊ทผํ์ต๋๋ค. ์ ์ ํ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ ๊ณ ์ ํจ๊ณผ ๋๋ ๋ฌด์์ ํจ๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ eNOS 894G/T ๋คํ์ฑ๊ณผ CHD ์ํ์ ๋ํ ์์ฝ ์ค์ฆ๋น์ ํด๋น 95% ์ ๋ขฐ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ(CI)์ ์ถ์ ํ์ต๋๋ค.\n\n3)\n์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ํด 2,994๊ฑด์ ์ฌ๋ก์ 3,130๊ฑด์ ๋์กฐ๊ตฐ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ ์ ๊ณต๋์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฌ๊ธฐ์๋ ๋์์์ ํ์์ ๋ํ 13๊ฑด์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ, ๋น๋์์์ ํ์์ ๋ํ 5๊ฑด์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ ํฌํจ๋ฉ๋๋ค. ํ๊ท T ๋๋ฆฝ ์ ์ ์ ๋น๋๋ ๋์์์ ์ธ๊ตฌ์์ 0.111๋ช
, ๋น๋์์์ ์ธ๊ตฌ์์ 0.147๋ช
์ด์์ต๋๋ค. ๋ฌด์์ ํจ๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ ๋ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด T ๋๋ฆฝ ์ ์ ์์ ๊ด๋ จ๋ CHD์ ์์ฝ OR์ 1.52(95% ์ ๋ขฐ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ(95%CI), 1.37-1.69)์์ต๋๋ค. ์ ์ฌํ๊ฒ, ๋์์์ ์ธ๊ตฌ(OR=1.54; 95%CI=1.35-1.76)์ ๋น๋์์์ ์ธ๊ตฌ(OR=1.48; 95%CI=1.24-1.77)์์ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ ์ํ๊ฒ ์ฆ๊ฐํ ์ํ์ด ๊ด์ฐฐ๋์์ต๋๋ค.",
"role": "passage"
}
] | This meta-analysis indicated that eNOS 894G/T polymorphism may play an important role in CHD development among Asia population. | ์ด ๋ฉํ ๋ถ์์ eNOS 894G/T ๋คํ์ฑ์ด ์์์ ์ธ๊ตฌ์ ๋ง์ฑ ํ์์ฑ ํ์งํ(CHD) ๋ฐ๋ณ์ ์ค์ํ ์ญํ ์ ํ ์ ์์์ ๋ํ๋์ต๋๋ค. |
22,424,294 | Do leukotrienes inhibit early stages of HIV-1 infection in monocyte-derived microglia-like cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Microglia are one of the main cell types to be productively infected by HIV-1 in the central nervous system (CNS). Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and cysteinyl-leukotrienes such as LTC4 are some of the proinflammatory molecules produced in infected individuals that contribute to neuroinflammation. We therefore sought to investigate the role of leukotrienes (LTs) in HIV-1 infection of microglial cells.",
"To evaluate the role of LTs on HIV-1 infection in the CNS, monocyte-derived microglial-like cells (MDMis) were utilized in this study. Leukotriene-treated MDMis were infected with either fully replicative brain-derived HIV-1 isolates (YU2) or R5-tropic luciferase-encoding particles in order to assess viral production and expression. The efficacy of various steps of the replication cycle was evaluated by means of p24 quantification by ELISA, luciferase activity determination and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).",
"We report in this study that virus replication is reduced upon treatment of MDMis with LTB4 and LTC4. Additional experiments indicate that these proinflammatory molecules alter the pH-independent entry and early post-fusion events of the viral life cycle. Indeed, LT treatment induced a diminution in integrated proviral DNA while reverse-transcribed viral products remained unaffected. Furthermore, decreased C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) surface expression was observed in LT-treated MDMis. Finally, the effect of LTs on HIV-1 infection in MDMis appears to be mediated partly via a signal transduction pathway involving protein kinase C."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Brain",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay",
"Flow Cytometry",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Viral",
"HIV Infections",
"HIV-1",
"Humans",
"Leukotriene B4",
"Microglia",
"Substance P",
"Transfection"
]
} | These data show for the first time that LTs influence microglial cell infection by HIV-1, and may be a factor in the control of viral load in the CNS. | yes | pub_med_qa40025 | [
{
"content": "๋ฅ์ฝํธ๋ฆฌ์์ ๋จํต๊ตฌ ์ ๋ ๋ฏธ์ธ์๊ต์ธํฌ ์ ์ฌ ์ธํฌ์์ HIV-1 ๊ฐ์ผ์ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋จ๊ณ๋ฅผ ์ต์ ํฉ๋๊น?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๋ฏธ์ธ์๊ต์ธํฌ๋ ์ค์ถ์ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ(CNS)์์ HIV-1์ ์ํด ์์ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ฐ์ผ๋๋ ์ฃผ์ ์ธํฌ ์ ํ ์ค ํ๋์
๋๋ค. ๋ฅ์ฝํธ๋ฆฌ์ B4(LTB4)์ LTC4์ ๊ฐ์ ์์คํ
๋-๋ฅ์ฝํธ๋ฆฌ์์ ๊ฐ์ผ๋ ์ฌ๋๋ค์๊ฒ์ ์์ฑ๋๋ ์ผ์ฆ์ฑ ๋ถ์ ์ค ์ผ๋ถ๋ก, ์ ๊ฒฝ ์ผ์ฆ์ ๊ธฐ์ฌํฉ๋๋ค. ๋ฐ๋ผ์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ๋ฏธ์ธ์๊ต์ธํฌ์ HIV-1 ๊ฐ์ผ์์ ๋ฅ์ฝํธ๋ฆฌ์(LTs)์ ์ญํ ์ ์กฐ์ฌํ๊ณ ์ ํ์ต๋๋ค.\n\n2)\n์ค์ถ์ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ์์ HIV-1 ๊ฐ์ผ์ ๋ํ LTs์ ์ญํ ์ ํ๊ฐํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์๋ ๋จํต๊ตฌ ์ ๋ ๋ฏธ์ธ์๊ต์ธํฌ ์ ์ฌ ์ธํฌ(MDMIS)๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ต๋๋ค. ๋ฅ์ฝํธ๋ฆฌ์์ผ๋ก ์ฒ๋ฆฌ๋ MDMis๋ ๋ฐ์ด๋ฌ์ค ์์ฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐํ์ ํ๊ฐํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ์์ ํ ๋ณต์ ๋๋ ๋ ์ ๋ HIV-1 ๋ถ๋ฆฌ์ฃผ(YU2) ๋๋ R5-ํธ๋กํฝ ๋ฃจ์ํผ๋ ์ด์ค ์ํธํ ์
์๋ก ๊ฐ์ผ๋์์ต๋๋ค. ๋ณต์ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ๋ค์ํ ๋จ๊ณ์ ํจ๋ฅ์ ELISA์ ์ํ p24 ์ ๋ํ, ๋ฃจ์ํผ๋ ์ด์ค ํ์ฑ ๊ฒฐ์ ๋ฐ ์ ๋์ ์ค์๊ฐ ์คํฉํจ์ ์ฐ์ ๋ฐ์(RT-PCR)์ ํตํด ํ๊ฐ๋์์ต๋๋ค.\n\n3)\n์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ LTB4์ LTC4๋ก MDMis๋ฅผ ์น๋ฃํ๋ฉด ๋ฐ์ด๋ฌ์ค ๋ณต์ ๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ํ๋ค๊ณ ๋ณด๊ณ ํฉ๋๋ค. ์ถ๊ฐ ์คํ์ ๋ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ด๋ฌํ ์ผ์ฆ์ฑ ๋ถ์๋ ๋ฐ์ด๋ฌ์ค ์๋ช
์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ pH ๋
๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์ง์
๋ฐ ์ด๊ธฐ ์ตํฉ ํ ์ฌ๊ฑด์ ๋ณํ์ํต๋๋ค. ์ค์ ๋ก LT ์น๋ฃ๋ ํตํฉ๋ ํ๋ก๋ฐ์ด๋ฌ์ค DNA์ ๊ฐ์๋ฅผ ์ ๋ํ ๋ฐ๋ฉด ์ญ์ ์ฌ๋ ๋ฐ์ด๋ฌ์ค ์ฐ๋ฌผ์ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฐ์ง ์์์ต๋๋ค. ๋ํ, LT ์น๋ฃ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์ MDMis์์ C-C ์ผ๋ชจ์นด์ธ ์์ฉ์ฒด 5ํ(CCR5) ํ๋ฉด ๋ฐํ์ด ๊ฐ์ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ๊ด์ฐฐ๋์์ต๋๋ค. ๋ง์ง๋ง์ผ๋ก, MDMis์์ HIV-1 ๊ฐ์ผ์ ๋ํ LT์ ์ํฅ์ ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง ํค๋์ C๋ฅผ ํฌํจํ๋ ์ ํธ ์ ๋ฌ ๊ฒฝ๋ก๋ฅผ ํตํด ๋ถ๋ถ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋งค๊ฐ๋๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ์ต๋๋ค.",
"role": "passage"
}
] | These data show for the first time that LTs influence microglial cell infection by HIV-1, and may be a factor in the control of viral load in the CNS. | ์ด ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ ์ฒ์์ผ๋ก LT๊ฐ HIV-1์ ์ํ ๋ฏธ์ธ์๊ต์ธํฌ ๊ฐ์ผ์ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ฉฐ, ์ค์ถ์ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ์ ๋ฐ์ด๋ฌ์ค ๋ถํ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ํ๋ ์์ธ์ด ๋ ์ ์์์ ๋ณด์ฌ์ค๋๋ค. |
22,424,291 | Is gCS overexpression associated with multidrug resistance of human HCT-8 colon cancer cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Multidrug resistance is one of the main impediments to the successful treatment of colon cancer. Glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) which is related to multidrug resistance (MDR) can reduce the level of ceramide and can help cells escape from the ceramide-induced cell apoptosis. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear.",
"The cell proliferation and cell toxicity were measured with Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). The mRNA levels of GCS and MDR1 were detected by semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR amplification, the protein levels of GCS, caspase-3 and P-gp proteins were indicated by Western blotting. The apoptosis rates of cells were measured with flow cytometry.",
"The relative mRNA levels of GCS in HCT-8, HCT-8/VCR, HCT-8/VCR- sh-mock and HCT-8/VCR-sh-GCS were 71.4 ยฑ 1.1%, 95.1 ยฑ 1.2%, 98.2 ยฑ 1.5%, and 66.6 ยฑ 2.1% respectively. The mRNA levels of MDR1 were respectively 61.3 ยฑ 1.1%, 90.5 ยฑ 1.4%, 97.6 ยฑ 2.2% and 56.1 ยฑ 1.2%. The IC50 of Cisplatin complexes were respectively 69.070 ยฑ 0.253 ฮผg/ml, 312.050 ยฑ 1.46 ฮผg/ml, 328.741 ยฑ 5.648 ฮผg/ml, 150.792 ยฑ 0.967 ฮผg/ml in HCT-8, HCT-8/VCR, HCT-8/VCR-sh-mock and HCT-8/VCR-sh-GCS. The protein levels of caspase-3 were 34.2 ยฑ o.6%, 93.0 ยฑ 0.7%, 109.09 ยฑ 0.7%, 42.7 ยฑ 1.3% respectively. The apoptosis rates of cells were 8.77 ยฑ 0.14%, 12.75 ยฑ 0.54%, 15.39 ยฑ 0.41% and 8.49 ยฑ 0.23% respectively."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1",
"Antineoplastic Agents",
"Apoptosis",
"Caspase 3",
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Cell Proliferation",
"Cisplatin",
"Colonic Neoplasms",
"Drug Resistance, Multiple",
"Drug Resistance, Neoplasm",
"Gene Expression",
"Glucosyltransferases",
"Humans",
"RNA Interference",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Vincristine"
]
} | In conclusion, our research indicated that suppression of GCS restores the sensitivity of multidrug resistance colon cancer cells to drug treatment. | yes | pub_med_qa40026 | [
{
"content": "gCS ๊ณผ๋ฐํ์ด ์ธ๊ฐ HCT-8 ๋์ฅ์ ์ธํฌ์ ๋ค์ ๋ด์ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด๋ จ์ด ์์ต๋๊น?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "gCS ๊ณผ๋ฐํ์ด ์ธ๊ฐ HCT-8 ๋์ฅ์ ์ธํฌ์ ๋ค์ ๋ด์ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด๋ จ์ด ์์ต๋๊น?",
"role": "passage"
}
] | In conclusion, our research indicated that suppression of GCS restores the sensitivity of multidrug resistance colon cancer cells to drug treatment. | ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์ผ๋ก, ์ฐ๋ฆฌ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ GCS ์ต์ ๊ฐ ๋ค์ ๋ด์ฑ ๋์ฅ์ ์ธํฌ์ ์ฝ๋ฌผ ์น๋ฃ์ ๋ํ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ์ฑ์ ํ๋ณต์ํจ๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ณด์ฌ์ฃผ์์ต๋๋ค. |
22,422,563 | Do cognitive processes mediate the relation between mindfulness and social anxiety within a clinical sample? | {
"contexts": [
"The researchers investigated the relation between mindfulness and social anxiety symptoms, and examined whether this relation is mediated by cognitive appraisals commonly associated with social anxiety.",
"Ninety-eight individuals diagnosed with social phobia.",
"Using a cross-sectional design, ordinary least squares regression and bootstrapping mediation analyses were used to test the study hypotheses.",
"Mindfulness was negatively related to symptoms of social anxiety. This relation was partially mediated by cognitive appraisals about the likelihood and cost of a negative social outcome."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Cognition",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Least-Squares Analysis",
"Male",
"Meditation",
"Middle Aged",
"Phobic Disorders",
"Psychiatric Status Rating Scales",
"Psychological Tests",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Further research using a longitudinal design and other measures of mindfulness is needed to replicate these findings and further explicate the mechanism by which mindfulness might be associated with negative cognitive appraisals. | yes | pub_med_qa40027 | [
{
"content": "์ธ์ง ๊ณผ์ ์ด ์์ ์ํ ๋ด์์ ๋ง์์ฑ๊น๊ณผ ์ฌํ์ ๋ถ์ ์ฌ์ด์ ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ๋งค๊ฐํฉ๋๊น?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ฐ๊ตฌ์ง์ ๋ง์์ฑ๊น๊ณผ ์ฌํ ๋ถ์ ์ฆ์ ๊ฐ์ ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ฌํ๊ณ , ์ด ๊ด๊ณ๊ฐ ์ฌํ ๋ถ์๊ณผ ํํ ์ฐ๊ด๋๋ ์ธ์ง์ ํ๊ฐ์ ์ํด ๋งค๊ฐ๋๋์ง ์ฌ๋ถ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ฌํ์ต๋๋ค.\n\n2)\n์ฌํ ๊ณตํฌ์ฆ ์ง๋จ์ ๋ฐ์ 98๋ช
.\n\n3)\nํก๋จ๋ฉด ์ค๊ณ๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ์ผ๋ฐ ์ต์ ์ ๊ณฑ ํ๊ท ๋ถ์๊ณผ ๋ถํธ์คํธ๋ํ ๋งค๊ฐ ๋ถ์์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ์ค์ ํ
์คํธํ์ต๋๋ค.\n\n4)\n๋ง์์ฑ๊น์ ์ฌํ ๋ถ์ ์ฆ์๊ณผ ๋ถ์ ์ ์ธ ๊ด๋ จ์ด ์์์ต๋๋ค. ์ด ๊ด๊ณ๋ ๋ถ์ ์ ์ธ ์ฌํ์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ๊ณผ ๋น์ฉ์ ๋ํ ์ธ์ง์ ํ๊ฐ์ ์ํด ๋ถ๋ถ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋งค๊ฐ๋์์ต๋๋ค.",
"role": "passage"
}
] | Further research using a longitudinal design and other measures of mindfulness is needed to replicate these findings and further explicate the mechanism by which mindfulness might be associated with negative cognitive appraisals. | ์ด๋ฌํ ๋ฐ๊ฒฌ์ ์ฌํํ๊ณ ๋ง์์ฑ๊น์ด ๋ถ์ ์ ์ธ ์ธ์ง ํ๊ฐ์ ์ฐ๊ด๋ ์ ์๋ ๋ฉ์ปค๋์ฆ์ ์ถ๊ฐ๋ก ์ค๋ช
ํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ข
๋จ ์ค๊ณ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํ ๋ง์์ฑ๊น ์ธก์ ์ ์ฌ์ฉํ๋ ์ถ๊ฐ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ ํ์ํฉ๋๋ค. |
22,426,130 | Is pDGF-induced migration of vascular smooth muscle cells inhibited by heme oxygenase-1 via VEGFR2 upregulation and subsequent assembly of inactive VEGFR2/PDGFRฮฒ heterodimers? | {
"contexts": [
"In cardiovascular regulation, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) activity has been shown to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation by promoting cell cycle arrest at the G1/S phase. However, the effect of HO-1 on VSMC migration remains unclear. We aim to elucidate the mechanism by which HO-1 regulates PDGFBB-induced VSMC migration.",
"Transduction of HO-1 cDNA adenoviral vector severely impeded human VSMC migration in a scratch, transmembrane, and directional migration assay in response to PDGFBB stimulation. Similarly, HO-1 overexpression in the remodeling process during murine retinal vasculature development attenuated VSMC coverage over the major arterial branches as compared with sham vector-transduced eyes. HO-1 expression in VSMCs significantly upregulated VEGFA and VEGFR2 expression, which subsequently promoted the formation of inactive PDGFRฮฒ/VEGFR2 complexes. This compromised PDGFRฮฒ phosphorylation and impeded the downstream cascade of FAK-p38 signaling. siRNA-mediated silencing of VEGFA or VEGFR2 could reverse the inhibitory effect of HO-1 on VSMC migration."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Cell Movement",
"Cell Proliferation",
"Heme Oxygenase-1",
"Humans",
"Muscle, Smooth, Vascular",
"Platelet-Derived Growth Factor",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta",
"Signal Transduction",
"Up-Regulation",
"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2"
]
} | These findings identify a potent antimigratory function of HO-1 in VSMCs, a mechanism that involves VEGFA and VEGFR2 upregulation, followed by assembly of inactive VEGFR2/PDGFRฮฒ complexes that attenuates effective PDGFRฮฒ signaling. | yes | pub_med_qa40028 | [
{
"content": "ํ๊ด ํํ๊ทผ ์ธํฌ์ pDGF ์ ๋ ์ด๋์ด VEGFR2 ์ํฅ ์กฐ์ ๋ฐ ๋นํ์ฑ VEGFR2/PDGFRฮฒ ์ด์ข
์ดํฉ์ฒด์ ์กฐ๋ฆฝ์ ํตํด ํด ์ฅ์๊ฒ๋์ -1์ ์ํด ์ต์ ๋ฉ๋๊น?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ฌํ๊ด ์กฐ์ ์์ ํด ์ฅ์๊ฒ๋์ -1(HO-1) ํ์ฑ์ G1/S ๋จ๊ณ์์ ์ธํฌ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์ ์ง๋ฅผ ์ด์งํ์ฌ ํ๊ด ํํ๊ทผ ์ธํฌ(VSMC) ์ฆ์์ ์ต์ ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ์ต๋๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ HO-1์ด VSMC ์ด๋์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์ํฅ์ ์์ง ๋ช
ํํ์ง ์์ต๋๋ค. ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ HO-1์ด PDGFBB์ ์ํด ์ ๋๋ VSMC ์ด๋์ ์กฐ์ ํ๋ ๋ฉ์ปค๋์ฆ์ ๋ฐํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ชฉํ๋ก ํฉ๋๋ค.\n\n2)\nHO-1 cDNA ์๋ฐ๋
ธ๋ฐ์ด๋ฌ์ค ๋ฒกํฐ์ ๋์
์ PDGFBB ์๊ทน์ ๋ํ ๋ฐ์์ผ๋ก ์คํฌ๋์น, ๋ง ํต๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉํฅ์ฑ ์ด๋ ๋ถ์์์ ์ธ๊ฐ VSMC์ ์ด๋์ ์ฌ๊ฐํ๊ฒ ๋ฐฉํดํ์ต๋๋ค. ๋ง์ฐฌ๊ฐ์ง๋ก, ์ฅ์ ๋ง๋ง ํ๊ด ๋ฐ๋ฌ ๊ณผ์ ์์ HO-1 ๊ณผ๋ฐํ์ ๊ฐ์ง ๋ฒกํฐ๋ฅผ ๋์
ํ ๋์ ๋นํด ์ฃผ์ ๋๋งฅ ๊ฐ์ง์ ๋ํ VSMC์ ์ปค๋ฒ๋ฆฌ์ง๋ฅผ ์ฝํ์์ผฐ์ต๋๋ค. VSMC์์ HO-1 ๋ฐํ์ VEGFA์ VEGFR2 ๋ฐํ์ ํฌ๊ฒ ์ํฅ ์กฐ์ ํ์ฌ ๋นํ์ฑ PDGFRฮฒ/VEGFR2 ๋ณตํฉ์ฒด์ ํ์ฑ์ ์ด์งํ์ต๋๋ค. ์ด๋ PDGFRฮฒ ์ธ์ฐํ๋ฅผ ์ ํดํ๊ณ FAK-p38 ์ ํธ์ ๋ค์ด์คํธ๋ฆผ ์บ์ค์ผ์ด๋๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉํดํ์ต๋๋ค. VEGFA ๋๋ VEGFR2์ siRNA ๋งค๊ฐ ์นจ๋ฌต์ VSMC ์ด๋์ ๋ํ HO-1์ ์ต์ ํจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ญ์ ์ํฌ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค.",
"role": "passage"
}
] | These findings identify a potent antimigratory function of HO-1 in VSMCs, a mechanism that involves VEGFA and VEGFR2 upregulation, followed by assembly of inactive VEGFR2/PDGFRฮฒ complexes that attenuates effective PDGFRฮฒ signaling. | ์ด๋ฌํ ๋ฐ๊ฒฌ์ VSMC์์ HO-1์ ๊ฐ๋ ฅํ ํญ์ด์ฃผ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ ์๋ณํ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ VEGFA์ VEGFR2์ ์ํฅ ์กฐ์ ์ ํฌํจํ๊ณ , ์ด์ด์ ํจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ PDGFRฮฒ ์ ํธ ์ ๋ฌ์ ์ฝํ์ํค๋ ๋นํ์ฑ VEGFR2/PDGFRฮฒ ๋ณตํฉ์ฒด์ ์กฐ๋ฆฝ์ ํฌํจํฉ๋๋ค. |
22,433,786 | Does combined medical and surgical therapy improve olfaction in patients with nasal polyposis? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of the present study was to evaluate the outcomes of combined oral steroid, nasal steroid and surgical therapy in patients with impaired olfaction due to nasal polyposis.",
"This prospective observational study was undertaken in the otolaryngology department of a university hospital. During the study, 19 nasal polyposis patients were evaluated three times, i.e. before oral steroid therapy, before surgery (after steroid therapy) and after surgery, with smell identification tests, acoustic rhinometry, subjective smell score, endoscopic grading and a visual analog scale for nasal obstruction.",
"All subjective and objective measures were significantly improved after medical and surgical therapy (p < 0.01). The median smell identification score improved from 2 (interquartile range 0-4) to 5 (interquartile range 4-7) after combined therapy. Smell identification scores were found to be modestly correlated with all other examination findings."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Administration, Oral",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Combined Modality Therapy",
"Endoscopy",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Nasal Polyps",
"Olfaction Disorders",
"Preoperative Care",
"Prospective Studies",
"Recovery of Function",
"Rhinometry, Acoustic",
"Smell",
"Steroids",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Combined therapy seems efficient in improving smell identification scores of nasal polyposis patients. | yes | pub_med_qa40029 | [
{
"content": "์๋ฃ ๋ฐ ์ธ๊ณผ์ ์น๋ฃ๋ฅผ ๋ณํํ๋ฉด ๋น๊ฐ ์ฉ์ข
์ฆ ํ์์ ํ๊ฐ์ด ๊ฐ์ ๋ฉ๋๊น?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ชฉ์ ์ ๋น๊ฐ ์ฉ์ข
์ฆ์ผ๋ก ์ธํด ํ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ด ์ ํ๋ ํ์๋ค์ ๋์์ผ๋ก ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ ์คํ
๋ก์ด๋, ๋น๊ฐ ์คํ
๋ก์ด๋ ๋ฐ ์ธ๊ณผ์ ์น๋ฃ๋ฅผ ๋ณํํ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ๊ฐํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด์์ต๋๋ค.\n\n2)\n์ด ์ ํฅ์ ๊ด์ฐฐ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ๋ํ๋ณ์ ์ด๋น์ธํ๊ณผ์์ ์ํ๋์์ต๋๋ค. ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋์ 19๋ช
์ ๋น๊ฐ ์ฉ์ข
์ฆ ํ์๋ฅผ ๋์์ผ๋ก ๊ตฌ๊ฐ ์คํ
๋ก์ด๋ ์น๋ฃ ์ , ์์ ์ (์คํ
๋ก์ด๋ ์น๋ฃ ํ), ์์ ํ ํ๊ฐ ์๋ณ ๊ฒ์ฌ, ์ํฅ ์ฝ๋ก๋ฉํธ๋ฆฌ, ์ฃผ๊ด์ ํ๊ฐ ์ ์, ๋ด์๊ฒฝ ๋ฑ๊ธ ๋ฐ ๋น๊ฐ ํ์์ ๋ํ ์๊ฐ์ ์๋ ๋ก๊ทธ ์ฒ๋๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ์ด ์ธ ๋ฒ ํ๊ฐํ์ต๋๋ค.\n\n3)\n๋ชจ๋ ์ฃผ๊ด์ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ๊ด์ ์ธก์ ๊ฐ์ ์๋ฃ ๋ฐ ์์ ์น๋ฃ ํ ์ ์๋ฏธํ๊ฒ ๊ฐ์ ๋์์ต๋๋ค(p < 0.01). ์ค๊ฐ ํ๊ฐ ์๋ณ ์ ์๋ ๋ณํฉ ์น๋ฃ ํ 2(์ฌ๋ถ์์ ๋ฒ์ 0-4)์์ 5(์ฌ๋ถ์์ ๋ฒ์ 4-7)๋ก ๊ฐ์ ๋์์ต๋๋ค. ํ๊ฐ ์๋ณ ์ ์๋ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋ ๊ฒ์ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์ฝ๊ฐ์ ์๊ด๊ด๊ณ๊ฐ ์๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ์ต๋๋ค.",
"role": "passage"
}
] | Combined therapy seems efficient in improving smell identification scores of nasal polyposis patients. | ๋ณ์ฉ ์๋ฒ์ ๋น๊ฐ ์ฉ์ข
์ฆ ํ์์ ํ๊ฐ ์๋ณ ์ ์๋ฅผ ํฅ์์ํค๋ ๋ฐ ํจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ณด์
๋๋ค. |
22,417,489 | Are lipid and cholesterol oxidation in chicken meat inhibited by sage but not by garlic? | {
"contexts": [
"The effects of the addition of sage and garlic in chicken meat on lipid and cholesterol oxidation, having as prooxidant factors the addition of salt, thermal treatment, and frozen storage, were evaluated. The content of unsaturated fatty acids did not change in the presence of sage; on the contrary, with garlic, the content of these fatty acids decreased after cooking and storage. Hexanal and pentanal contents were lower in patties containing sage, and higher in those with garlic. The 7-ketocholesterol was the cholesterol oxide found in higher amount in raw chicken on day 0, while the formation of 7ฮฒ- and 7ฮฑ-hydroxycholesterol was verified only from day 30 on. Cooking and storage resulted in increase of total cholesterol oxides and decrease of ฮฑ- and ฮณ-tocopherol. Sage was effective in controlling lipid and cholesterol oxidation, minimizing the prooxidant effects of salt, cooking, and storage. However, garlic presented no effect as antioxidant and accelerated lipid oxidation."
],
"labels": [
"UNLABELLED"
],
"meshes": [
"Aldehydes",
"Animals",
"Antioxidants",
"Chickens",
"Dietary Fats",
"Dietary Fats, Unsaturated",
"Food Preservatives",
"Frozen Foods",
"Garlic",
"Hot Temperature",
"Hydroxycholesterols",
"Ketocholesterols",
"Lipid Peroxidation",
"Meat Products",
"Salvia officinalis",
"Sodium Chloride, Dietary",
"Spices",
"Stereoisomerism",
"Tocopherols"
]
} | The addition of sage to chicken meat (0.1 g/100 g) is a good alternative to prevent and delay the formation of compounds derived from lipid oxidation that are responsible for off-flavors and loss of nutritional quality during long-term frozen storage. Care must be taken when using garlic to seasoning chicken meat products, such as hamburgers and meatballs, especially cooked or precooked due to its potential to promote lipid oxidation and consequently raising the risk of having the product rejected by the consumer. | yes | pub_med_qa40030 | [
{
"content": "๋ญ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์ ์ง์ง๊ณผ ์ฝ๋ ์คํ
๋กค ์ฐํ๋ ์ธ์ด์ง์ ์ํด ์ต์ ๋์ง๋ง ๋ง๋์๋ ์ต์ ๋์ง ์๋์?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๋ญ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ์ด์ง์ ๋ง๋์ ์ฒจ๊ฐํ๋ฉด ์ผ๋ถ ์ฒจ๊ฐ, ์ด์ฒ๋ฆฌ, ๋๋ ๋ณด๊ด ๋ฑ์ด ์ง์ง ๋ฐ ์ฝ๋ ์คํ
๋กค ์ฐํ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์ํฅ์ ํ๊ฐํ์ต๋๋ค. ๋ถํฌํ ์ง๋ฐฉ์ฐ์ ํจ๋์ ์ธ์ด์ง๊ฐ ์๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ ๋ณํํ์ง ์์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐ๋๋ก ๋ง๋์ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ ์กฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ๋ณด๊ด ํ ์ง๋ฐฉ์ฐ ํจ๋์ด ๊ฐ์ํ์ต๋๋ค. ํฅ์ฌ๋ ๊ณผ ํํ๋ ํจ๋์ ์ธ์ด์ง๊ฐ ํจ์ ๋ ํจํฐ์์ ๋ฎ์๊ณ ๋ง๋์ด ํจ์ ๋ ํจํฐ์์ ๋ ๋์์ต๋๋ค. 7-์ผํ ์ฝ๋ ์คํ
๋กค์ 0์ผ์งธ์ ์๋ญ์์ ๋ ๋ง์ ์์ผ๋ก ๋ฐ๊ฒฌ๋๋ ์ฝ๋ ์คํ
๋กค ์ฐํ๋ฌผ์ด์์ผ๋ฉฐ, 7ฮฒ ๋ฐ 7ฮฑ-ํ์ด๋๋ก์์ฝ๋ ์คํ
๋กค์ ํ์ฑ์ 30์ผ์งธ๋ถํฐ๋ง ํ์ธ๋์์ต๋๋ค. ์กฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ๋ณด๊ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ด ์ฝ๋ ์คํ
๋กค ์ฐํ๋ฌผ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐํ๊ณ ฮฑ- ๋ฐ ฮณ ํ ์ฝํ๋กค์ด ๊ฐ์ํ์ต๋๋ค. ์ธ์ด์ง๋ ์ง์ง ๋ฐ ์ฝ๋ ์คํ
๋กค ์ฐํ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ํ๋ ๋ฐ ํจ๊ณผ์ ์ด์์ผ๋ฉฐ ์๊ธ, ์กฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ๋ณด๊ด์ ํญ์ฐํ ํจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ต์ํํ์ต๋๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ๋ง๋์ ํญ์ฐํ์ ๋ก์์ ํจ๊ณผ๊ฐ ์์์ผ๋ฉฐ ์ง์ง ์ฐํ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ํํ์ต๋๋ค.",
"role": "passage"
}
] | The addition of sage to chicken meat (0.1 g/100 g) is a good alternative to prevent and delay the formation of compounds derived from lipid oxidation that are responsible for off-flavors and loss of nutritional quality during long-term frozen storage. Care must be taken when using garlic to seasoning chicken meat products, such as hamburgers and meatballs, especially cooked or precooked due to its potential to promote lipid oxidation and consequently raising the risk of having the product rejected by the consumer. | ๋ญ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ์ด์ง(0.1g/100g)๋ฅผ ์ฒจ๊ฐํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ์ฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋๋ ๋ณด๊ด ์ ๋ง์ด ๋์ง ์๊ณ ์์ ํ์ง์ด ์ ํ๋๋ ์ง์ง ์ฐํ์์ ์ ๋ํ ํํฉ๋ฌผ์ ํ์ฑ์ ๋ฐฉ์งํ๊ณ ์ง์ฐ์ํค๋ ์ข์ ๋์์
๋๋ค. ํนํ ํ๋ฒ๊ฑฐ๋ ๋ฏธํธ๋ณผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ ๋ญ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ์ ํ์ ์๋
ํ ๋๋ ๋ง๋์ ์ฌ์ฉํ ๋ ์ฃผ์ํด์ผ ํ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ ์ง์ง ์ฐํ๋ฅผ ์ด์งํ์ฌ ์๋น์๊ฐ ์ ํ์ ๊ฑฐ๋ถํ ์ํ์ ๋์ผ ์ ์๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์
๋๋ค. |
22,425,822 | Does combining xenon and mild therapeutic hypothermia preserve neurological function after prolonged cardiac arrest in pigs? | {
"contexts": [
"Despite the introduction of mild therapeutic hypothermia into postcardiac arrest care, cerebral and myocardial injuries represent the limiting factors for survival after cardiac arrest. Administering xenon may confer an additional neuroprotective effect after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation due to its ability to stabilize cellular calcium homeostasis via N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor antagonism.",
"In a porcine model, we evaluated effects of xenon treatment in addition to therapeutic hypothermia on neuropathologic and functional outcomes after cardiopulmonary resuscitation.",
"Prospective, randomized, laboratory animal study.",
"Fifteen male pigs.",
"Following 10 mins of cardiac arrest and 6 mins of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, ten pigs were randomized to receive either mild therapeutic hypothermia (33ยฐC for 16 hrs) or mild therapeutic hypothermia 1 xenon (70% for 1 hr). Five animals served as normothermic controls.",
"Gross hemodynamic variables were measured using right-heart catheterization. Neurocognitive performance was evaluated for 5 days after cardiopulmonary resuscitation using a neurologic deficit score before the brains were harvested for histopathological analysis. All animals survived the observation period in the mild therapeutic hypothermia 1 xenon group while one animal in each of the other two groups died. Mild therapeutic hypothermia 1 xenon preserved cardiac output during the induction of mild therapeutic hypothermia significantly better than did mild therapeutic hypothermia alone (4.6 6 0.6 L/min vs. 3.2 6 1.6 L/min, p # .05). Both treatment groups showed significantly fewer necrotic lesions in the cerebral cortex, caudate nucleus, putamen, and in hippocampal sectors CA1 and CA3/4. However, only the combination of mild therapeutic hypothermia and xenon resulted in reduced astrogliosis in the CA1 sector and diminished microgliosis and perivascular inflammation in the putamen. Clinically, only the mild therapeutic hypothermia 1 xenon-treated animals showed significantly improved neurologic deficit scores over time (day 1 = 59.0 6 27.0 vs. day 5 = 4.0 6 5.5, p รธ .05) as well as in comparison to the untreated controls on days 3 through 5 after cardiopulmonary resuscitation."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Administration, Inhalation",
"Animals",
"Brain",
"Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Heart Arrest",
"Hypothermia, Induced",
"Hypoxia, Brain",
"Male",
"Neuroprotective Agents",
"Swine",
"Xenon"
]
} | These results demonstrate that even a short exposure to xenon during induction of mild therapeutic hypothermia results in significant improvements in functional recovery and ameliorated myocardial dysfunction. | yes | pub_med_qa40031 | [
{
"content": "์ ๋
ผ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ฆ ์น๋ฃ์ฉ ์ ์ฒด์จ์ฆ์ ๋ณ์ฉํ๋ฉด ๋ผ์ง์ ์ฅ๊ธฐ ์ฌ์ ์ง ํ ์ ๊ฒฝ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ด ์ ์ง๋ฉ๋๊น?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "์ ๋
ผ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ฆ ์น๋ฃ์ฉ ์ ์ฒด์จ์ฆ์ ๋ณ์ฉํ๋ฉด ๋ผ์ง์ ์ฅ๊ธฐ ์ฌ์ ์ง ํ ์ ๊ฒฝ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ด ์ ์ง๋ฉ๋๊น?",
"role": "passage"
}
] | These results demonstrate that even a short exposure to xenon during induction of mild therapeutic hypothermia results in significant improvements in functional recovery and ameliorated myocardial dysfunction. | ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ ๊ฒฝ๋ฏธํ ์น๋ฃ ์ ์ฒด์จ์ฆ ์ ๋ ์ค ์ ๋
ผ์ ์งง์ ์๊ฐ๋ง ๋
ธ์ถ๋์ด๋ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ ํ๋ณต์ด ํฌ๊ฒ ๊ฐ์ ๋๊ณ ์ฌ๊ทผ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ ์ฅ์ ๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ ๋๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ณด์ฌ์ค๋๋ค. |
22,425,820 | Do both high level pressure support ventilation and controlled mechanical ventilation induce diaphragm dysfunction and atrophy? | {
"contexts": [
"Previous workers have demonstrated that controlled mechanical ventilation results in diaphragm inactivity and elicits a rapid development of diaphragm weakness as a result of both contractile dysfunction and fiber atrophy. Limited data exist regarding the impact of pressure support ventilation, a commonly used mode of mechanical ventilation-that permits partial mechanical activity of the diaphragm-on diaphragm structure and function. We carried out the present study to test the hypothesis that high-level pressure support ventilation decreases the diaphragm pathology associated with CMV.",
"Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of the following five groups:1) control (no mechanical ventilation); 2) 12 hrs of controlled mechanical ventilation (12CMV); 3) 18 hrs of controlled mechanical ventilation (18CMV); 4) 12 hrs of pressure support ventilation (12PSV); or 5) 18 hrs of pressure support ventilation (18PSV).",
"We carried out the following measurements on diaphragm specimens: 4-hydroxynonenal-a marker of oxidative stress, active caspase-3 (casp-3), active calpain-1 (calp-1), fiber type cross-sectional area, and specific force (sp F). Compared with the control, both 12PSV and 18PSV promoted a significant decrement in diaphragmatic specific force production, but to a lesser degree than 12CMV and 18CMV. Furthermore, 12CMV, 18PSV, and 18CMV resulted in significant atrophy in all diaphragm fiber types as well as significant increases in a biomarker of oxidative stress (4-hydroxynonenal) and increased proteolytic activity (20S proteasome, calpain-1, and caspase-3). Furthermore, although no inspiratory effort occurs during controlled mechanical ventilation, it was observed that pressure support ventilation resulted in large decrement, approximately 96%, in inspiratory effort compared with spontaneously breathing animals."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aldehydes",
"Animals",
"Calpain",
"Caspase 3",
"Cytokines",
"Diaphragm",
"Interactive Ventilatory Support",
"Muscle Contraction",
"Muscular Atrophy",
"Oxidative Stress",
"Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Respiration, Artificial"
]
} | High levels of prolonged pressure support ventilation promote diaphragmatic atrophy and contractile dysfunction. Furthermore, similar to controlled mechanical ventilation, pressure support ventilation-induced diaphragmatic atrophy and weakness are associated with both diaphragmatic oxidative stress and protease activation. | yes | pub_med_qa40032 | [
{
"content": "๊ณ ์ ์ง์ง ํ๊ธฐ์ ์ ์ด๋ ๊ธฐ๊ณ ํ๊ธฐ ๋ชจ๋ ํก๊ฒฉ๋ง ๊ธฐ๋ฅ ์ฅ์ ์ ์์ถ์ ์ ๋ฐํฉ๋๊น?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ด์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์๋ค์ ๊ธฐ๊ณ์ ํ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ ์ดํ๋ฉด ๋ค์ด์ดํ๋จ์ด ๋นํ์ฑํ๋๊ณ ์์ถ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ ์ฅ์ ์ ์ฌ์ ์์ถ์ผ๋ก ์ธํด ๋ค์ด์ดํ๋จ ์ฝํ๊ฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋ฐ์ํ๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ์
์ฆํ์ต๋๋ค. ๋ค์ด์ดํ๋จ ์จ ๋ค์ด์ดํ๋จ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ ๋ถ๋ถ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๊ณ์ ํ๋์ ํ์ฉํ๋ ์ผ๋ฐ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๊ณ์ ํ๊ธฐ ๋ฐฉ์์ธ ์๋ ฅ ์ง์ง ํ๊ธฐ์ ์ํฅ์ ๋ํ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ ์ ํ์ ์
๋๋ค. ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํตํด ๋์ ์์ค์ ์๋ ฅ ์ง์ง ํ๊ธฐ๊ฐ CMV์ ๊ด๋ จ๋ ๋ค์ด์ดํ๋จ ๋ณ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์์ํจ๋ค๋ ๊ฐ์ค์ ํ
์คํธํ์ต๋๋ค.\n\n2)\n์คํ๋ผ๊ทธ-๋ค์ธ๋ฆฌ ์ฅ๋ ๋ค์ ๋ค์ฏ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ์ค ํ๋์ ๋ฌด์์๋ก ๋ฐฐ์ ๋์์ต๋๋ค: 1) ํต์ (๊ธฐ๊ณ ํ๊ธฐ ์์); 2) ํต์ ๋ ๊ธฐ๊ณ ํ๊ธฐ(12CMV); 3) ํต์ ๋ ๊ธฐ๊ณ ํ๊ธฐ(18CMV); 4) ์๋ ฅ ์ง์ง ํ๊ธฐ(12PSV); ๋๋ 5) ์๋ ฅ ์ง์ง ํ๊ธฐ(18PSV).\n\n3)\n๋ค์ด์ดํ๋จ ์ํธ์ ๋ํด ๋ค์๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ ์ธก์ ์ ์ํํ์ต๋๋ค: ์ฐํ ์คํธ๋ ์ค์ ๋ง์ปค์ธ 4-ํ์ด๋๋ก์๋
ธ๋ค๋ , ํ์ฑ ์นด์คํ์ -3(casp-3), ํ์ฑ ์นผํ์ธ-1(calp-1), ์ฌ์ ํ ๋จ๋ฉด์ , ๋น๋ ฅ(spF). ๋์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋น๊ตํ์ ๋, 12PSV์ 18PSV ๋ชจ๋ ๋ค์ด์ดํ๋จ ๋น๋ ฅ ์์ฑ์ด ์ ์๋ฏธํ๊ฒ ๊ฐ์ํ์ง๋ง, 12CMV์ 18CMV๋ณด๋ค๋ ๋ฎ์ ์ ๋๋ก ๊ฐ์ํ์ต๋๋ค. ๋ํ, 12CMV, 18PSV ๋ฐ 18CMV๋ ๋ชจ๋ ๋ค์ด์ดํ๋จ ์ฌ์ ํ์์ ์ ์๋ฏธํ ์์ถ์ ์ด๋ํ์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฐํ ์คํธ๋ ์ค์ ๋ฐ์ด์ค๋ง์ปค(4-ํ์ด๋๋ก์๋
ธ๋ค๋ )๊ฐ ์ ์๋ฏธํ๊ฒ ์ฆ๊ฐํ๊ณ ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง ๋ถํด ํ์ฑ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐํ์ต๋๋ค(20S ํ๋กํ
์์ข, ์นผํ์ธ-1 ๋ฐ ์นด์คํ์ -3). ๋ํ, ์ ์ด๋ ๊ธฐ๊ณ์ ํ๊ธฐ ๋์์๋ ํก๊ธฐ ๋
ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ฐ์ํ์ง ์์ง๋ง, ์๋ ฅ ์ง์ง ํ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์๋ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ํธํกํ๋ ๋๋ฌผ์ ๋นํด ํก๊ธฐ ๋
ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์ฝ 96% ํฌ๊ฒ ๊ฐ์ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๊ด์ฐฐ๋์์ต๋๋ค.",
"role": "passage"
}
] | High levels of prolonged pressure support ventilation promote diaphragmatic atrophy and contractile dysfunction. Furthermore, similar to controlled mechanical ventilation, pressure support ventilation-induced diaphragmatic atrophy and weakness are associated with both diaphragmatic oxidative stress and protease activation. | ๋์ ์์ค์ ์ฅ์๊ฐ ์๋ ฅ ์ง์ง ํ๊ธฐ๋ ํก๊ฒฉ๋ง ์์ถ๊ณผ ์์ถ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ ์ฅ์ ๋ฅผ ์ด์งํฉ๋๋ค. ๋ํ ์ ์ด๋ ๊ธฐ๊ณ์ ํ๊ธฐ์ ์ ์ฌํ๊ฒ ์๋ ฅ ์ง์ง ํ๊ธฐ๋ก ์ธํ ํก๊ฒฉ๋ง ์์ถ๊ณผ ์ฝํ๋ ํก๊ฒฉ๋ง ์ฐํ ์คํธ๋ ์ค์ ํ๋กํ
์์ ํ์ฑํ ๋ชจ๋์ ๊ด๋ จ์ด ์์ต๋๋ค. |
22,420,170 | Is deletion allele of the ACE gene a risk factor for asthma predisposition? | {
"contexts": [
"Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) has an important role in inactivation of bradykinin and tachykinins which known as powerful bronchoconstrictors. It has been demonstrated that an insertion (1)/deletion (D) genetic variations within the ACE gene greatly influence the plasma level of ACE.",
"The aim of the present study was to determine the frequencies of ACE D and I alleles and ACE DD, DI and II genotypes in asthmatic patients and controls with Iranian Azeri-Turkish origin and to compare the frequency of the ACE genotypes between asthmatic patients and controls.",
"We genotyped 212 healthy controls including 73 males and 138 females, as well as 62 patients with asthma, including 28 males and 34 females by PCR.",
"Of the 212 healthy controls: 1) the prevalence of DD, DI, and II genotypes were 83(39.151), 92(43.396) and 37(17.453), respectively. 2) the frequency (%) was 257(60.9)for D allele and 165(39.1 )for II allele. 3) D and II allele frequencies were 0.61 and 0.39 respectively. Of the 62 patients with asthma: 1) the prevalence of DD, II, and III genotypes were 17(27.42), 31(50) and 14(22.58), respectively. 2) the frequency (%) was 65(52.42)for D allele and 59(47.58 ) for II allele. 3) D and II allele frequencies were 0.52 and 0.48 respectively. Statistical analysis showed that studied groups (female + male patients group and female + male controls group) were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Our findings imply that II/D ratio was 0.61/0.39 in all controls and 0.6/0.4 in male or female controls. Significant differences were not found in the ACE genotype or allele frequencies between studied groups regarding all cases versus all controls, female cases versus female controls, male cases versus male controls."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Algorithms",
"Alleles",
"Asthma",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Female",
"Gene Deletion",
"Gene Frequency",
"Genetic Predisposition to Disease",
"Genotype",
"Humans",
"Iran",
"Male",
"Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A",
"Polymorphism, Genetic",
"Prevalence",
"Risk Factors"
]
} | We have concluded that deletion allele of the ACE gene is not a risk factor for asthma predisposition. | no | pub_med_qa40033 | [
{
"content": "ACE ์ ์ ์์ ๊ฒฐ์ค ๋๋ฆฝ ์ ์ ์๊ฐ ์ฒ์ ์์ธ์ ์ํ ์์์
๋๊น?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "ACE ์ ์ ์์ ๊ฒฐ์ค ๋๋ฆฝ ์ ์ ์๊ฐ ์ฒ์ ์์ธ์ ์ํ ์์์
๋๊น?",
"role": "passage"
}
] | We have concluded that deletion allele of the ACE gene is not a risk factor for asthma predisposition. | ACE ์ ์ ์์ ๊ฒฐ์ค ๋๋ฆฝ ์ ์ ์๊ฐ ์ฒ์ ์์ธ์ ์ํ ์์๊ฐ ์๋๋ผ๋ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ๋ด๋ ธ์ต๋๋ค. |
22,446,619 | Does a novel genome-based approach correlate TMPRSS3 overexpression in ovarian cancer with DNA hypomethylation? | {
"contexts": [
"In an attempt to analyze more profoundly aberrant DNA hypomethylation in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), we applied a novel genome-based approach which includes expression profiling following pharmacologic stimulation of DNA methylation with the methyl donor S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM).",
"Four different EOC cell lines (OVCAR3, SKOV3, TOV21 and TOV112) were treated with SAM, and gene expression profiling was performed in SAM-treated and control EOC cells. Genes, downregulated upon SAM treatment were considered as potentially hypomethylated in EOC. DNA hypomethylation was independently validated in ovarian tumor and control tissues by bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP).",
"Among the genes identified, one of particular interest was the type II serine protease TMPRSS3 gene variants A and D (TMPRSS3-A/D), previously recognized as overexpressed in EOC and representing potential EOC therapeutic targets. Consecutive BSP analysis demonstrated that the common putative promoter region of the TMPRSS3-A/D gene variants was significantly hypomethylated in high-grade serous EOC tumors, compared to low-malignant potential ovarian tumors and normal ovarian tissue."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Base Sequence",
"Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial",
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"CpG Islands",
"DNA Methylation",
"Female",
"Gene Expression Profiling",
"Genome, Human",
"Humans",
"Membrane Proteins",
"Molecular Sequence Data",
"Neoplasm Proteins",
"Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial",
"Ovarian Neoplasms",
"Promoter Regions, Genetic",
"S-Adenosylmethionine",
"Serine Endopeptidases"
]
} | Our data imply that TMPRSS3-A/D overexpression in EOC is probably due to hypomethylation of their control region thus indicating that TMPRSS3-A/D variants could also represent novel molecular targets for epigenetic therapy of late stages of the disease. Our results also suggest that the frequently observed upregulation of different members of the type II serine proteases gene family in advanced cancer could be due to aberrant DNA hypomethylation. Furthermore, our study introduces a promising discovery approach that could be used for the identification of hypomethylated genes in different experimental cell models. | yes | pub_med_qa40034 | [
{
"content": "์๋ก์ด ์ ์ ์ฒด ๊ธฐ๋ฐ ์ ๊ทผ๋ฒ์ด ๋์์์์ TMPRSS3 ๊ณผ๋ฐํ๊ณผ DNA ์ ๋ฉํธํ ์ฌ์ด์ ์๊ด๊ด๊ณ๊ฐ ์์ต๋๊น?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ํผ ๋์์(EOC)์์ ๋ ์ฌ๊ฐํ ๋น์ ์ DNA ์ ๋ฉํธํ๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ํ๊ธฐ ์ํด, ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ๋ฉํธ ๊ณต์ฌ์ฒด S-์๋ฐ๋
ธ์ค-l-๋ฉํฐ์ค๋(SAM)์ ์ฌ์ฉํ DNA ๋ฉํธํ์ ์ฝ๋ฆฌํ์ ์๊ทน ํ ๋ฐํ ํ๋กํ์ผ๋ง์ ํฌํจํ๋ ์๋ก์ด ์ ์ ์ฒด ๊ธฐ๋ฐ ์ ๊ทผ๋ฒ์ ์ ์ฉํ์ต๋๋ค.\n\n2)\n๋ค ๊ฐ์ง ๋ค๋ฅธ EOC ์ธํฌ์ฃผ(OVCAR3, SKOV3, TOV21, TOV112)๋ฅผ SAM์ผ๋ก ์ฒ๋ฆฌํ๊ณ , SAM ์ฒ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ๋์กฐ๊ตฐ EOC ์ธํฌ์์ ์ ์ ์ ๋ฐํ ํ๋กํ์ผ๋ง์ ์ํํ์ต๋๋ค. SAM ์ฒ๋ฆฌ ์ ํํฅ ์กฐ์ ๋ ์ ์ ์๋ EOC์์ ์ ์ฌ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ๋ฉํธํ๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๊ฐ์ฃผ๋์์ต๋๋ค. ๋์ ์ข
์ ๋ฐ ๋์กฐ๊ตฐ ์กฐ์ง์์ DNA ์ ๋ฉํธํ๋ ๋นํฉ์ฐ์ผ ์ํ์ฑ PCR(BSP)์ ํตํด ๋
๋ฆฝ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ฒ์ฆ๋์์ต๋๋ค.\n\n3)\nํ์ธ๋ ์ ์ ์ ์ค ํนํ ๊ด์ฌ์ ๋์๋ ๊ฒ์ ์ ํ II ์ธ๋ฆฐ ํ๋กํ
์์ TMPRSS3 ์ ์ ์ ๋ณ์ด A์ D(TMPRSS3-A/D)๋ก, ์ด์ ์๋ EOC์์ ๊ณผ๋ฐํ๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ์ธ์๋์ด ์ ์ฌ์ ์ธ EOC ์น๋ฃ ํ์ ์ ๋ํ๋
๋๋ค. ์ฐ์์ ์ธ BSP ๋ถ์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, TMPRSS3-A/D ์ ์ ์ ๋ณ์ด์ ๊ณตํต ์ถ์ ํ๋ก๋ชจํฐ ์์ญ์ด ์ ์
์ฑ ์ ์ฌ์ฑ ๋์ ์ข
์ ๋ฐ ์ ์ ๋์ ์กฐ์ง์ ๋นํด ๊ณ ๋ฑ๊ธ ์ฅ์ก์ฑ EOC ์ข
์์์ ์ ์๋ฏธํ๊ฒ ์ ๋ฉํธํ๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ์ต๋๋ค.",
"role": "passage"
}
] | Our data imply that TMPRSS3-A/D overexpression in EOC is probably due to hypomethylation of their control region thus indicating that TMPRSS3-A/D variants could also represent novel molecular targets for epigenetic therapy of late stages of the disease. Our results also suggest that the frequently observed upregulation of different members of the type II serine proteases gene family in advanced cancer could be due to aberrant DNA hypomethylation. Furthermore, our study introduces a promising discovery approach that could be used for the identification of hypomethylated genes in different experimental cell models. | ์ฐ๋ฆฌ์ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ EOC์์ TMPRSS3-A/D ๊ณผ๋ฐํ์ด ๋์กฐ ์์ญ์ ์ ๋ฉํธํ ๋๋ฌธ์ผ ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ์ด ๋๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ์์ฌํ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ TMPRSS3-A/D ๋ณ์ด์ฒด๊ฐ ์ง๋ณ์ ๋ง๊ธฐ ํ์ฑ์ ์ ํ์ ์น๋ฃ๋ฅผ ์ํ ์๋ก์ด ๋ถ์ ํ์ ์ด ๋ ์ ์์์ ๋ํ๋
๋๋ค. ์ฐ๋ฆฌ์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ ๋ํ ์งํ๋ ์์์ IIํ ์ธ๋ฆฐ ํ๋กํ
์์ ์ ์ ์ ๊ณ์ด์ ๋ค์ํ ๊ตฌ์ฑ์๋ค์ด ์์ฃผ ๊ด์ฐฐ๋๋ ์ํฅ ์กฐ์ ์ด ๋น์ ์์ ์ธ DNA ์ ๋ฉํธํ ๋๋ฌธ์ผ ์ ์์์ ์์ฌํฉ๋๋ค. ๋ํ, ์ฐ๋ฆฌ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ๋ค์ํ ์คํ ์ธํฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ์์ ์ ๋ฉํธํ๋ ์ ์ ์๋ฅผ ์๋ณํ๋ ๋ฐ ์ฌ์ฉ๋ ์ ์๋ ์ ๋งํ ๋ฐ๊ฒฌ ์ ๊ทผ๋ฒ์ ์๊ฐํฉ๋๋ค. |
22,421,107 | Is the G534E-polymorphism of the gene encoding the factor VII-activating protease a risk factor for venous thrombosis and recurrent events? | {
"contexts": [
"A single nucleotide polymorphism of the factor VII activating protease (FSAP), FSAP Marburg I (rs7080536) has been identified as a risk factor for venous thrombosis, but its clinical role has so far been controversial in part due to small cohort sizes. The aim of the present case-control study was to elucidate the impact of the FSAP Marburg I polymorphism (FSAP-MI) on the development of venous thromboembolic disease (VTE) with other known sequence variations, including Factor V Leiden (rs6025) and Factor II G20210A (rs1799963).",
"The study included 891 patients (312 male and 579 female) with a history of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and/or pulmonary embolism (PE) and 1283 healthy blood donors with no history of venous thromboembolic disease.",
"We found that besides to the well-established aforementioned sequence variations of FV and Prothrombin, the FSAP Marburg I (FSAP-MI) polymorphism was significantly associated with the development of DVTs (1.65 (1.16-2.34) OR (95% CI)) and recurrent thromboembolic events (DVT and PE) (2.13 (1.35-3.36) OR (95% CI)). Comparing patients displaying one or more events FSAP-MI was still associated with the development of recurrent thromboembolic events (1.64 (1- 2.69) OR (95% CI))."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Female",
"Genetic Markers",
"Genetic Predisposition to Disease",
"Germany",
"Humans",
"Incidence",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide",
"Recurrence",
"Risk Factors",
"Serine Endopeptidases",
"Venous Thrombosis"
]
} | We conclude that FSAP Marburg-I genotyping may be used to determine the risk for thromboembolic disorders in patients with suspected thrombophilia and known DVT or PE. | yes | pub_med_qa40035 | [
{
"content": "VII ํ์ฑํ ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง๋ถํดํจ์ ์ธ์๋ฅผ ์ฝ๋ฉํ๋ ์ ์ ์์ G534E ๋คํ์ฑ์ด ์ ๋งฅ ํ์ ์ฆ ๋ฐ ์ฌ๋ฐ์ฑ ์ฌ๊ฑด์ ์ํ ์์ธ์
๋๊น?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\nFactor VII ํ์ฑํ ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง๋ถํดํจ์(FSAP)์ ๋จ์ผ ๋ดํด๋ ์คํ์ด๋ ๋คํ์ฑ์ธ FSAP Marburg I(rs7080536)์ด ์ ๋งฅ ํ์ ์ฆ์ ์ํ ์ธ์๋ก ํ์ธ๋์์ง๋ง, ๊ทธ ์์์ ์ญํ ์ ๋ถ๋ถ์ ์ผ๋ก ์์ ์ฝํธํธ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ๋
ผ๋์ด ๋์ด ์์ต๋๋ค. ๋ณธ ํ์-๋์กฐ๊ตฐ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ชฉ์ ์ FSAP Marburg I ๋คํ์ฑ(FSAP-MI)์ด ๋ค๋ฅธ ์๋ ค์ง ์์ด ๋ณ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง ์ ๋งฅ ํ์ ์์ ์ฆ ์งํ(VTE)์ ๋ฐ๋ณ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฐํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด์์ต๋๋ค. ์ฌ๊ธฐ์๋ Factor V Leiden(rs6025) ๋ฐ Factor II G20210A(rs1799963)๊ฐ ํฌํจ๋ฉ๋๋ค.\n\n2)\n์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ์๋ ์ฌ๋ถ ์ ๋งฅ ํ์ ์ฆ(DVT) ๋ฐ/๋๋ ํ์์ ์ฆ(PE) ๋ณ๋ ฅ์ด ์๋ 891๋ช
์ ํ์(๋จ์ฑ 312๋ช
, ์ฌ์ฑ 579๋ช
)์ ์ ๋งฅ ํ์ ์์ ์ฆ ๋ณ๋ ฅ์ด ์๋ 1283๋ช
์ ๊ฑด๊ฐํ ํํ์๊ฐ ํฌํจ๋์์ต๋๋ค.\n\n3)\n์์ ์ธ๊ธํ FV์ ํ๋กํธ๋กฌ๋น์ ์ ํ๋ฆฝ๋ ์์ด ๋ณ์ด ์ธ์๋, FSAP Marburg I (FSAP-MI) ๋คํ์ฑ์ด DVTs (1.65 (1.16-2.34) OR (95% CI) ๋ฐ ์ฌ๋ฐ์ฑ ํ์ ์์ ์ฆ ์ฌ๊ฑด (DVT ๋ฐ PE) (2.13 (1.35-3.36) OR (95% CI))์ ๋ฐ์๊ณผ ์ ์๋ฏธํ ๊ด๋ จ์ด ์๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ฐ๊ฒฌํ์ต๋๋ค. ํ๋ ์ด์์ ์ฌ๊ฑด์ ๋ณด์ด๋ ํ์๋ค์ ๋น๊ตํ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, FSAP-MI๋ ์ฌ์ ํ ์ฌ๋ฐ์ฑ ํ์ ์์ ์ฆ ์ฌ๊ฑด(1.64 (1-2.69) OR (95% CI))์ ๋ฐ์๊ณผ ๊ด๋ จ์ด ์์์ต๋๋ค.",
"role": "passage"
}
] | We conclude that FSAP Marburg-I genotyping may be used to determine the risk for thromboembolic disorders in patients with suspected thrombophilia and known DVT or PE. | ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ FSAP Marburg-I ์ ์ ์ํ ๋ถ์์ด ์์ฌ๋๋ ํ์ํ์ฆ๊ฐ์ฆ ๋ฐ ์๋ ค์ง DVT ๋๋ PE ํ์์์ ํ์ ์์ ์ฅ์ ์ ์ํ์ ๊ฒฐ์ ํ๋ ๋ฐ ์ฌ์ฉ๋ ์ ์๋ค๊ณ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ง์์ต๋๋ค. |
22,420,656 | Does etoposide modulate the effects of oral morphine analgesia by targeting the intestinal P-glycoprotein? | {
"contexts": [
"Opioids and anticancer compounds such as etoposide (ETP) are substrates of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an ATP-dependent efflux pump. Chemotherapy compounds may impact on the analgesic effect of opioids such as morphine when the two drugs are co-administered. In this study, we used a mouse model to determine if there is a pharmacological interaction between ETP and morphine, focusing on the involvement of intestinal P-gp.",
"P-gp drug efflux activity was measured by an in-situ closed loop method with Rhodamine 123, a P-gp substrate. The analgesic effect of morphine was determined by the tail-flick test. Intestinal P-gp expression levels were determined by Western blot.",
"ETP and morphine significantly decreased the intestinal Rhodamine 123 efflux activity of P-gp. Oral morphine analgesia was significantly enhanced when co-administered with ETP. However, repeated pretreatment (7 days) with oral ETP significantly decreased the oral morphine-induced analgesia, in a cyclosporine A (a P-gp inhibitor) reversible manner. Furthermore, repeated ETP significantly up-regulated intestinal P-gp expression."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1",
"Administration, Oral",
"Analgesics, Opioid",
"Animals",
"Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic",
"Blotting, Western",
"Cyclosporine",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Drug Administration Schedule",
"Drug Interactions",
"Etoposide",
"Intestinal Mucosa",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Morphine",
"Pain",
"Rhodamine 123",
"Up-Regulation"
]
} | It may be important to consider aspects of therapeutic design such as the administration route or scheduling of drugs in patients receiving concurrent chemotherapy and opioid therapy to avoid pharmacokinetic interactions between the two agents. | yes | pub_med_qa40036 | [
{
"content": "์ํ ํฌ์ฌ์ด๋๋ ์ฅ๋ด P-๋น๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง์ ํ์ ์ผ๋ก ํ์ฌ ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ ๋ชจ๋ฅดํ ์งํต ํจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ํฉ๋๊น?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์คํผ์ค์ด๋์ ์ํ ํฌ์ฌ์ด๋(ETP)์ ๊ฐ์ ํญ์ ํํฉ๋ฌผ์ ATP ์์กด์ฑ ์ ์ถ ํํ์ธ P-๋น๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง(P-gp)์ ๊ธฐ์ง์
๋๋ค. ํํ ์๋ฒ ํํฉ๋ฌผ์ ๋ ์ฝ๋ฌผ์ ๋ณ์ฉ ํฌ์ฌํ ๋ ๋ชจ๋ฅดํ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ ์คํผ์ค์ด๋์ ์งํต ํจ๊ณผ์ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น ์ ์์ต๋๋ค. ์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์๋ ๋ง์ฐ์ค ๋ชจ๋ธ์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ์ฅ P-gp์ ๊ด์ฌ์ ์ด์ ์ ๋ง์ถฐ ETP์ ๋ชจ๋ฅดํ ์ฌ์ด์ ์ฝ๋ฆฌํ์ ์ํธ์์ฉ์ด ์๋์ง ํ์ธํ์ต๋๋ค.\n\n2)\nP-gp ์ฝ๋ฌผ ์ ์ถ ํ์ฑ์ P-gp ๊ธฐ์ง์ธ ๋ก๋ค๋ฏผ 123์ ์ฌ์ฉํ ํ์ฅ ํ์ ๋ฃจํ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ผ๋ก ์ธก์ ํ์ต๋๋ค. ๋ชจ๋ฅดํ์ ์งํต ํจ๊ณผ๋ ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ ํ๋ฆญ ํ
์คํธ๋ฅผ ํตํด ๊ฒฐ์ ํ์ต๋๋ค. ์ฅ๋ด P-gp ๋ฐํ ์์ค์ ์จ์คํด ๋ธ๋กฏ์ ํตํด ๊ฒฐ์ ํ์ต๋๋ค.\n\n3)\nETP์ ๋ชจ๋ฅดํ์ P-gp์ ์ฅ ๋ก๋ค๋ฏผ 123 ์ ์ถ ํ์ฑ์ ์ ์ํ๊ฒ ๊ฐ์์์ผฐ์ต๋๋ค. ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ ๋ชจ๋ฅดํ ์งํต์ ๋ ETP์ ํจ๊ป ํฌ์ฌํ์ ๋ ์ ์ํ๊ฒ ์ฆ๊ฐํ์ต๋๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ ETP๋ก ๋ฐ๋ณต์ ์ธ ์ ์ฒ๋ฆฌ(7์ผ)๋ฅผ ํ๋ฉด ์ฌ์ดํด๋ก์คํฌ๋ฆฐ A(P-gp ์ต์ ์ ) ๊ฐ์ญ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์์ผ๋ก ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ ๋ชจ๋ฅดํ ์ ๋ฐ ์งํต์ ๊ฐ ์ ์ํ๊ฒ ๊ฐ์ํ์ต๋๋ค. ๋ํ, ๋ฐ๋ณต์ ์ธ ETP๋ ์ฅ๋ด P-gp ๋ฐํ์ ์ ์ํ๊ฒ ์ํฅ ์กฐ์ ํ์ต๋๋ค.",
"role": "passage"
}
] | It may be important to consider aspects of therapeutic design such as the administration route or scheduling of drugs in patients receiving concurrent chemotherapy and opioid therapy to avoid pharmacokinetic interactions between the two agents. | ๋ ์ฝ์ ๊ฐ์ ์ฝ๋ํ์ ์ํธ์์ฉ์ ํผํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ํํ์๋ฒ๊ณผ ์คํผ์ค์ด๋ ์๋ฒ์ ๋์์ ๋ฐ๋ ํ์์ ์ฝ๋ฌผ ํฌ์ฌ ๊ฒฝ๋ก๋ ์ผ์ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ ์น๋ฃ ์ค๊ณ ์ธก๋ฉด์ ๊ณ ๋ คํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์ค์ํ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค. |
22,432,754 | Is serum phosphate measured at 6 and 12 months after successful kidney transplant independently associated with subsequent graft loss? | {
"contexts": [
"Serum phosphate concentrations have been shown to predict graft loss in prevalent, but not incident, kidney transplant populations. The reasons for this are unknown. We investigated whether serum phosphate at 6 or 12 months posttransplant was associated with graft loss in the same cohort.",
"Data were collected for 325 patients transplanted and followed up at a single center (1996-2004). The association between serum phosphate at 6 and 12 months posttransplant and graft failure was analyzed.",
"Univariable associations with death-censored graft failure were seen for serum phosphate at 6 and 12 months (hazard ratio [HR] 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20-1.48; P < .001, and HR 1.40; CI 1.27-1.54; P < .001). On bivariable analysis (phosphate at 6 vs 12 mo), a significant association remained for both variables and increased graft failure rate (HR 1.19; CI 1.07-1.34; P = .002, and HR 1.37; CI 1.21-1.55; P < .001). These associations persisted in multivariable models (HR 1.27; CI 1.07-1.51; P = .007, and HR 1.34; CI 1.14-1.57; P < .001 for phosphate at 6 and 12 mo)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Biomarkers",
"Cohort Studies",
"Female",
"Graft Survival",
"Humans",
"Hyperphosphatemia",
"Hypophosphatemia",
"Incidence",
"Kaplan-Meier Estimate",
"Kidney Transplantation",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Phosphates",
"Postoperative Complications",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Prevalence",
"Risk Factors"
]
} | Serum phosphate at 6 and 12 months posttransplant is an independent predictor of graft loss. Any future trial designed to investigate the benefits of phosphate lowering should consider recruiting patients as early as 6 months posttransplant. | yes | pub_med_qa40037 | [
{
"content": "์ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์ ์ฅ ์ด์ ํ 6๊ฐ์๊ณผ 12๊ฐ์์ ํ์ฒญ ์ธ์ฐ์ผ์ด ๋
๋ฆฝ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ธก์ ๋๋ฉด ์ดํ ์ด์ํธ ์์ค๊ณผ ๊ด๋ จ์ด ์์ต๋๊น?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\nํ์ฒญ ์ธ์ฐ์ผ ๋๋๋ ์ผ๋ฐ์ ์ด์ง๋ง ๋ฐ์ํ์ง ์๋ ์ ์ฅ ์ด์ ์ง๋จ์์ ์ด์ํธ ์์ค์ ์์ธกํ๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ์ต๋๋ค. ๊ทธ ์ด์ ๋ ์๋ ค์ ธ ์์ง ์์ต๋๋ค. ์ด์ ํ 6๊ฐ์ ๋๋ 12๊ฐ์์งธ์ ํ์ฒญ ์ธ์ฐ์ผ์ด ๋์ผํ ์ฝํธํธ์์ ์ด์ํธ ์์ค๊ณผ ๊ด๋ จ์ด ์๋์ง ์กฐ์ฌํ์ต๋๋ค.\n\n2)\n325๋ช
์ ํ์๋ฅผ ๋์์ผ๋ก ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ฅผ ์์งํ์ฌ ๋จ์ผ ์ผํฐ(1996-2004)์์ ์ถ์ ๊ด์ฐฐํ์ต๋๋ค. ์ด์ ํ 6๊ฐ์๊ณผ 12๊ฐ์์งธ์ ํ์ฒญ ์ธ์ฐ์ผ๊ณผ ์ด์ ์คํจ ์ฌ์ด์ ์ฐ๊ด์ฑ์ ๋ถ์ํ์ต๋๋ค.\n\n3)\n6๊ฐ์ ๋ฐ 12๊ฐ์ ์์ ์ ํ์ฒญ ์ธ์ฐ์ผ์์ ์ฌ๋ง-censored ์ด์ ์คํจ์์ ๋จ๋ณ๋ ์ฐ๊ด์ฑ์ด ๊ด์ฐฐ๋์์ต๋๋ค(hazard ๋น์จ [HR] 1.33; 95% ์ ๋ขฐ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ [CI] 1.20-1.48; P < .001, HR 1.40; CI 1.27-1.54; P < .001). ์ด๋ณ๋ ๋ถ์(6๊ฐ์ ์์ ์ ์ธ์ฐ์ผ vs 12๊ฐ์ ์์ )์์๋ ๋ ๋ณ์ ๋ชจ๋์์ ์ ์๋ฏธํ ์ฐ๊ด์ฑ์ด ์ ์ง๋์๊ณ ์ด์ ์คํจ์จ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐํ์ต๋๋ค(HR 1.19; CI 1.07-1.34; P = .002, HR 1.37; CI 1.21-1.55; P < .001). ์ด๋ฌํ ์ฐ๊ด์ฑ์ ๋ค๋ณ๋ ๋ชจ๋ธ(HR 1.27; CI 1.07-1.51; P = .007, HR 1.34; CI 1.14-1.57; 6๊ฐ์ ๋ฐ 12๊ฐ์ ์์ ์ ์ธ์ฐ์ผ์ ๋ํด P < .001)์์๋ ์ง์๋์์ต๋๋ค.",
"role": "passage"
}
] | Serum phosphate at 6 and 12 months posttransplant is an independent predictor of graft loss. Any future trial designed to investigate the benefits of phosphate lowering should consider recruiting patients as early as 6 months posttransplant. | ์ด์ ํ 6๊ฐ์ ๋ฐ 12๊ฐ์์งธ์ ํ์ฒญ ์ธ์ฐ์ผ์ ์ด์ํธ ์์ค์ ๋
๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์์ธก ์ธ์์
๋๋ค. ์ธ์ฐ์ผ ๊ฐ์์ ์ด์ ์ ์กฐ์ฌํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ค๊ณ๋ ํฅํ ์์์ํ์์๋ ์ด์ ํ 6๊ฐ์ ์ด๋ด์ ํ์๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์งํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ๊ณ ๋ คํด์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค. |
22,429,326 | Do dNMT ( DNA methyltransferase ) inhibitors radiosensitize human cancer cells by suppressing DNA repair activity? | {
"contexts": [
"Histone modifications and DNA methylation are two major factors in epigenetic phenomenon. Unlike the histone deacetylase inhibitors, which are known to exert radiosensitizing effects, there have only been a few studies thus far concerning the role of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors as radiosensitizers. The principal objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of DNMT inhibitors on the radiosensitivity of human cancer cell lines, and to elucidate the mechanisms relevant to that process.",
"A549 (lung cancer) and U373MG (glioblastoma) cells were exposed to radiation with or without six DNMT inhibitors (5-azacytidine, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, zebularine, hydralazine, epigallocatechin gallate, and psammaplin A) for 18 hours prior to radiation, after which cell survival was evaluated via clonogenic assays. Cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed via flow cytometry. Expressions of DNMT1, 3A/3B, and cleaved caspase-3 were detected via Western blotting. Expression of ฮณH2AX, a marker of radiation-induced DNA double-strand break, was examined by immunocytochemistry.",
"Pretreatment with psammaplin A, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, and zebularine radiosensitized both A549 and U373MG cells. Pretreatment with psammaplin A increased the sub-G1 fraction of A549 cells, as compared to cells exposed to radiation alone. Prolongation of ฮณH2AX expression was observed in the cells treated with DNMT inhibitors prior to radiation as compared with those treated by radiation alone."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Azacitidine",
"Caspase 3",
"Catechin",
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Cytidine",
"DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1",
"DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases",
"DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded",
"DNA Repair",
"Decitabine",
"Disulfides",
"Enzyme Induction",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic",
"Glioblastoma",
"Histones",
"Humans",
"Hydralazine",
"Inhibitory Concentration 50",
"Lung Neoplasms",
"Neoplasm Proteins",
"Radiation-Sensitizing Agents",
"Tumor Stem Cell Assay",
"Tyrosine"
]
} | Psammaplin A, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, and zebularine induce radiosensitivity in both A549 and U373MG cell lines, and suggest that this effect might be associated with the inhibition of DNA repair. | yes | pub_med_qa40038 | [
{
"content": "dNMT(DNA ๋ฉํธํธ๋์คํผ๋ผ์ ) ์ต์ ์ ๋ DNA ๋ณต๊ตฌ ํ๋์ ์ต์ ํ์ฌ ์ธ๊ฐ ์์ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ ๊ฐ์์ํค๋์?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\nํ์คํค ๋ณํ๊ณผ DNA ๋ฉํธํ๋ ํ์ฑ์ ์ ํ์์ ๋ ๊ฐ์ง ์ฃผ์ ์์ธ์
๋๋ค. ๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ ๊ฐ์ ํจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํํ๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ์๋ ค์ง ํ์คํค ํ์์ธํธํ ํจ์ ์ต์ ์ ์ ๋ฌ๋ฆฌ, ์ง๊ธ๊น์ง ๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ ๊ฐ์์ ๋ก์ DNA ๋ฉํธ์ ์ดํจ์(DNMT) ์ต์ ์ ์ ์ญํ ์ ๊ดํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ๊ฑฐ์ ์์์ต๋๋ค. ์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ์ฃผ์ ๋ชฉ์ ์ ์ธ๊ฐ ์์ธํฌ์ฃผ์ ๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ ๊ฐ์์ ๋ํ DNMT ์ต์ ์ ์ ํจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ๊ฐํ๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ ๊ณผ ๊ด๋ จ๋ ๋ฉ์ปค๋์ฆ์ ๋ฐํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด์์ต๋๋ค.\n\n2)\nA549(ํ์) ๋ฐ U373MG(๊ต๋ชจ์ธํฌ์ข
) ์ธํฌ๋ ๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ ์กฐ์ฌ ์ 18์๊ฐ ๋์ 6๊ฐ์ DNMT ์ต์ ์ (5-์์์ํฐ๋, 5-์์-2'-๋ฐ์ฅ์์ํฐ๋, ์ ๋ถ๋ผ๋ฆฐ, ํ์ด๋๋๋ผ์ง, ์ํผ๊ฐ๋ก์นดํ
ํจ ๊ฐ๋ ์ดํธ, ํ์ฌ๋งํ๋ฆฐ A)์ ์ ๋ฌด์ ๊ด๊ณ์์ด ๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ ์ ๋
ธ์ถ๋์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ํ ํด๋ก ์์ฑ ๋ถ์์ ํตํด ์ธํฌ ์์กด์จ์ ํ๊ฐํ์ต๋๋ค. ์ธํฌ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์ธํฌ ์๋ฉธ์ฌ๋ ์ ์ธํฌ ๋ถ์์ ํตํด ๋ถ์๋์์ต๋๋ค. ์จ์คํด ๋ธ๋กฏํ
์ ํตํด DNMT1, 3A/3B ๋ฐ ์ ๋จ๋ ์นด์คํ์ -3์ ๋ฐํ์ด ๊ฒ์ถ๋์์ต๋๋ค. ๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ ์ ์ํด ์ ๋๋ DNA ์ด์ค ๊ฐ๋ฅ ์ ๋จ์ ๋ง์ปค์ธ ฮณ H2AX์ ๋ฐํ์ ๋ฉด์ญ์ธํฌํํ์ ํตํด ์กฐ์ฌ๋์์ต๋๋ค.\n\n3)\nํ์ฌ๋งํ๋ฆฐ A, 5-์์-2'-๋ฐ์ฅ์์ํฐ๋, ์ ๋ถ๋ฆฐ ๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ ์ ์ฌ์ฉํ ์ ์ฒ๋ฆฌ๋ A549 ๋ฐ U373MG ์ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ๊ฒ ๋ง๋ค์์ต๋๋ค. ํ์ฌ๋งํ๋ฆฐ A๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ ์ ์ฒ๋ฆฌ๋ ๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ ๋จ๋
์ผ๋ก ๋
ธ์ถ๋ ์ธํฌ์ ๋นํด A549 ์ธํฌ์ ์๋ธ-G1 ๋น์จ์ ์ฆ๊ฐ์์ผฐ์ต๋๋ค. ๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ ๋จ๋
์ผ๋ก ์ฒ๋ฆฌํ ์ธํฌ์ ๋นํด ๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ ๋จ๋
์ผ๋ก ์ฒ๋ฆฌํ ์ธํฌ์์ ๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ ๋จ๋
์ผ๋ก ์ฒ๋ฆฌํ ์ธํฌ์ ๋นํด ๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ ๋จ๋
์ผ๋ก ์ฒ๋ฆฌํ ์ธํฌ์์ ฮณ H2AX ๋ฐํ์ด ์ฐ์ฅ๋๋ ๊ฒ์ด ๊ด์ฐฐ๋์์ต๋๋ค.",
"role": "passage"
}
] | Psammaplin A, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, and zebularine induce radiosensitivity in both A549 and U373MG cell lines, and suggest that this effect might be associated with the inhibition of DNA repair. | ํ์ฌ๋งํ๋ฆฐ A, 5-์์-2'-๋ฐ์ฅ์์ํฐ๋, ์ ๋ถ๋ผ๋ฆฐ์ A549 ๋ฐ U373MG ์ธํฌ์ฃผ ๋ชจ๋์์ ๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ์ฑ์ ์ ๋ฐํ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ํจ๊ณผ๊ฐ DNA ๋ณต๊ตฌ ์ต์ ์ ๊ด๋ จ์ด ์์ ์ ์์์ ์์ฌํฉ๋๋ค. |
22,425,694 | Do intact fibroblast growth factor 23 levels predict incident cardiovascular event before but not after the start of dialysis? | {
"contexts": [
"Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D), increased levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were reported to be risk factors for mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the independent associations of these factors with cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death among CKD patients, remain unclear. Our purpose was to identify which of these factors predict incident CVD in CKD.",
"In this prospective cohort study, we enrolled 738 predialysis outpatients in the two nephrology departments. We employed Cox proportional hazards analyses to elucidate predictors of the endpoint, defined as fatal or non-fatal cardiovascular event requiring hospitalization. Multiple imputation was performed for missing values.",
"Mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 35 mL/min/1.73 m(2). During a median duration of 4.4 years, 86 patients developed the endpoint, of whom 62 patients achieved it before the initiation of dialysis. Multivariable analyses revealed that high serum intact FGF23 levels predicted the outcome preceding dialysis initiation (hazard ratio (HR) per lnFGF23 (SD), 1.64 (1.27-2.30)), while 25D, PTH, and bone-specific ALP did not. Adding FGF23 to the conventional model of age, sex, diabetes, prior CVD, pulse pressure, and eGFR, led to a net reclassification improvement of 6.87% (P=0.04). Not censoring the patients at the start of dialysis and continuing follow-up even after dialysis, FGF23 levels did not predict the outcome (HR, 1.16 (0.91-1.48)). Complete case analyses yielded similar results."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Alkaline Phosphatase",
"Biomarkers",
"Bone Diseases, Metabolic",
"Cardiovascular Diseases",
"Cohort Studies",
"Female",
"Fibroblast Growth Factors",
"Glomerular Filtration Rate",
"Humans",
"Japan",
"Kidney Failure, Chronic",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Parathyroid Hormone",
"Proportional Hazards Models",
"Prospective Studies",
"Renal Dialysis",
"Time Factors",
"Vitamin D"
]
} | Intact FGF23 levels in predialysis CKD predicted incident cardiovascular events requiring hospitalization before starting dialysis, but did not predict events during the entire follow-up period, including post dialysis initiation. | yes | pub_med_qa40039 | [
{
"content": "์จ์ ํ ์ฌ์ ์์ธํฌ ์ฑ์ฅ ์ธ์ 23 ์์น๊ฐ ํฌ์ ์์ ์ ์๋ ์ฌํ๊ด ์ฌ๊ฑด์ ์์ธกํ์ง๋ง, ํฌ์ ์์ ํ์๋ ์์ธกํ์ง ๋ชปํฉ๋๊น?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "์จ์ ํ ์ฌ์ ์์ธํฌ ์ฑ์ฅ ์ธ์ 23 ์์น๊ฐ ํฌ์ ์์ ์ ์๋ ์ฌํ๊ด ์ฌ๊ฑด์ ์์ธกํ์ง๋ง, ํฌ์ ์์ ํ์๋ ์์ธกํ์ง ๋ชปํฉ๋๊น?",
"role": "passage"
}
] | Intact FGF23 levels in predialysis CKD predicted incident cardiovascular events requiring hospitalization before starting dialysis, but did not predict events during the entire follow-up period, including post dialysis initiation. | ํฌ์ ์ ๋ง์ฑ ์ ์ฅ ์งํ(CKD)์ ์จ์ ํ FGF23 ์์น๋ ํฌ์์ ์์ํ๊ธฐ ์ ์ ์
์์ด ํ์ํ ์ฌํ๊ด ์ฌ๊ฑด์ ์์ธกํ์ง๋ง, ํฌ์ ์์ ํ๋ฅผ ํฌํจํ ์ ์ฒด ์ถ์ ๊ด์ฐฐ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋์์ ์ฌ๊ฑด์ ์์ธกํ์ง ๋ชปํ์ต๋๋ค. |
22,426,806 | Are structural and functional changes of carotid wall properties in patients with acromegaly restored after 1 year of GH/IGF1 normalization? | {
"contexts": [
"Vascular changes are common in acromegaly (ACM). Current therapies can normalise the levels of both growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF1).",
"To establish whether the ACM vascular changes in patients with effectively managed disease are different from those in patients with an active condition.",
"64 ACM patients were tested for serum GH (random and during an oral glucose tolerance test) and IGF1. Ultrasonography of the right common carotid (RCC) explored structural (the carotid diameter and intima-media thickness index (IMT)) and functional (the augmentation index (AIx), elastic modulus (Ep), and local pulse wave velocity (PWV)) arterial parameters in the ACM patients (groups A and B) and an age- and sex-matched control group of 21 patients without acromegaly (group C).",
"The ACM patients were divided into 2 subgroups that had similar cardiovascular risk factor profiles: A (n=10, with controlled ACM), and B (n=54, with active ACM). The AIx was higher in groups A (27.7% [2.2-54.3]) and B (20.0% [ - 38.2-97.1]) than in group C (3.5% [ - 11.3-31.1]), p=0.01 and 0.002, respectively. The group B patients presented with poorer functional carotid wall parameters than the control subjects: Ep-95.5 [33-280] KPa vs. 77.5 [39-146] KPa, p=0.01; and PWV-6 [3.6-10.4] m/s vs. 5.4 [3.9-7.2] m/s, p=0.03.The ACM patients had greater RCC diameters (6.4 ยฑ 0.6 mm vs. 5.7 ยฑ 0.6 mm, p<0.001) and IMT values (0.72 ยฑ 0.13 mm vs. 0.58 ยฑ 0.08 mm, p<0.001) than the subjects in group C."
],
"labels": [
"UNLABELLED",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acromegaly",
"Adult",
"Blood Chemical Analysis",
"Cardiovascular Diseases",
"Carotid Arteries",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Human Growth Hormone",
"Humans",
"Insulin-Like Growth Factor I",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Recovery of Function",
"Reference Values",
"Time Factors",
"Ultrasonography"
]
} | Both the controlled and active ACM patients showed structural arterial changes. After 1 year of disease control, the patients with controlled ACM showed improvements in the functional, but not the structural, arterial parameters compared with the patients with an active condition. | no | pub_med_qa40040 | [
{
"content": "๋ง๋จ๋น๋์ฆ ํ์์ ๊ฒฝ๋๋งฅ ๋ฒฝ ํน์ฑ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ ๋ณํ๊ฐ GH/IGF1 ์ ์ํ 1๋
ํ์ ํ๋ณต๋ฉ๋๊น?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "๋ง๋จ๋น๋์ฆ ํ์์ ๊ฒฝ๋๋งฅ ๋ฒฝ ํน์ฑ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ ๋ณํ๊ฐ GH/IGF1 ์ ์ํ 1๋
ํ์ ํ๋ณต๋ฉ๋๊น?",
"role": "passage"
}
] | Both the controlled and active ACM patients showed structural arterial changes. After 1 year of disease control, the patients with controlled ACM showed improvements in the functional, but not the structural, arterial parameters compared with the patients with an active condition. | ํต์ ๋ ACM ํ์์ ํ๋์ฑ ACM ํ์ ๋ชจ๋ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ๋๋งฅ ๋ณํ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์์ต๋๋ค. 1๋
๊ฐ์ ์ง๋ณ ํต์ ํ, ํต์ ๋ ACM ํ์๋ ํ๋์ฑ ์งํ ํ์์ ๋นํด ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ ๋๋งฅ ๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์๋ ๊ฐ์ ๋์์ง๋ง ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ๋๋งฅ ๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์๋ ๊ฐ์ ๋์ง ์์์ต๋๋ค. |
22,445,991 | Does [ Slow-release recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 suppress chromium wear particle-induced osteolysis in rats ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To observe the effect of a slow-release recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) formulation on the expressions of receptor activator of nuclear factor-ฮบB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in a murine air pouch model of bone implantation.",
"A cranial bone allograft was implanted in the air pouch induced on the back of the recipients. The rat models were then randomized into 5 groups, including a blank control group, chromium particle group, and 3 rhBMP-2 groups receiving 50, 100 or 200 ยตg/L slow-release rhBMP-2 in addition to chromium particles. Three weeks later, the expressions of RANKL and OPG in the air pouch was detected using Western blotting and RT-PCR, and the positively stained area for osteoclasts in the bone graft was determined with TRAP staining for drug effect assessment.",
"RANKL and OPG expressions were found in the air pouches in all the 5 groups. RANKL and OPG protein and mRNA expressions, RANKL/OPG ratio and osteoclast staining area in the bone graft were the highest in chromium particle group (P<0.05), but were significantly decreased by treatment with the slow-release rhBMP-2 formulation (P<0.05); the measurements showed no significant differences between the blank control group and 200 ยตg/L rhBMP-2 group (P>0.05)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Arthroplasty, Replacement",
"Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2",
"Bone Resorption",
"Bone Transplantation",
"Chromium",
"Delayed-Action Preparations",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Female",
"Male",
"Osteolysis",
"Particle Size",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Recombinant Proteins",
"Skull",
"Transforming Growth Factor beta"
]
} | Chromium particles can cause osteolysis by increasing the RANKL/OPG ratio in rats, and intervention with slow-release rhBMP-2 can significantly promote bone formation and suppress bone resorption by decreasing RANKL/OPG ratio. | yes | pub_med_qa40041 | [
{
"content": "[๋๋ฆฐ ๋ฐฉ์ถ ์ฌ์กฐํฉ ์ธ๊ฐ ๋ผ ํํํ์ฑ ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง-2๊ฐ ์ฅ์ ํฌ๋กฌ ๋ง๋ชจ ์
์ ์ ๋ฐ ๊ณจ๋ถํด๋ฅผ ์ต์ ํฉ๋๊น?]?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๋๋ฆฐ ๋ฐฉ์ถ ์ฌ์กฐํฉ ์ธ๊ฐ ๋ผ ํํํ์ฑ ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง-2(rhBMP-2) ์ ํ์ด ๋ผ ์ด์์ ์ฅ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ฃผ๋จธ๋ ๋ชจ๋ธ์์ ํต ์ธ์-B ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ๋(RANKL) ๋ฐ ๊ณจ๋จ๋ฐฑ(OPG) ์์ฉ์ฒด ํ์ฑํ์ ๋ฐํ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์ํฅ์ ๊ด์ฐฐํฉ๋๋ค.\n\n2)\n์ํ์์ ๋ฑ์ ์ ๋๋ ์์ด ํ์ฐ์น์ ๋๊ฐ๊ณจ ๋์ข
์ด์ํธ์ ์ด์ํ์ต๋๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฐ ๋ค์ ์ฅ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ 5๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ผ๋ก ๋ฌด์์ ๋ฐฐ์ ํ์ฌ ๋ธ๋ญํฌ ๋์กฐ๊ตฐ, ํฌ๋กฌ ์
์ ๊ทธ๋ฃน, ํฌ๋กฌ ์
์ ์ธ์ 50, 100 ๋๋ 200 ยตg/L์ ๋๋ฆฐ ๋ฐฉ์ถ rhBMP-2๋ฅผ ํฌ์ฌํ๋ 3๊ฐ์ rhBMP-2 ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ผ๋ก ๊ตฌ์ฑํ์ต๋๋ค. 3์ฃผ ํ, ์จ์คํด ๋ธ๋กฏํ
๊ณผ RT-PCR์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ์์ด ํ์ฐ์น์์ RANKL๊ณผ OPG์ ๋ฐํ์ ๊ฒ์ถํ๊ณ ์ฝ๋ฌผ ํจ๊ณผ ํ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ์ํด TRAP ์ผ์์ผ๋ก ๋ผ ์ด์ํธ์ ํ๊ณจ์ธํฌ์ ๋ํ ์์ฑ ์ผ์ ์์ญ์ ๊ฒฐ์ ํ์ต๋๋ค.\n\n3)\n5๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๋ชจ๋ ์์ด ํ์ฐ์น์์ RANKL ๋ฐ OPG ๋ฐํ์ด ๋ฐ๊ฒฌ๋์์ต๋๋ค. ํฌ๋กฌ ์
์ ๊ทธ๋ฃน(P<0.05)์์ RANKL ๋ฐ OPG ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง๊ณผ mRNA ๋ฐํ, RANKL/OPG ๋น์จ ๋ฐ ๊ณจ์ด์ํธ์ ํ๊ณจ์ธํฌ ์ผ์ ๋ฉด์ ์ด ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋์์ง๋ง(P<0.05), ์ฒ์ฒํ ๋ฐฉ์ถ๋๋ rhBMP-2 ์ ํ(P<0.05)์ผ๋ก ์ฒ๋ฆฌํ์ ๋ ์ ์ํ๊ฒ ๊ฐ์ํ์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ธก์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ธ๋ญํฌ ๋์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ณผ 200 ยตg/L rhBMP-2 ๊ทธ๋ฃน(P>0.05) ์ฌ์ด์๋ ์ ์๋ฏธํ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ ์์์ต๋๋ค(P>0.05).",
"role": "passage"
}
] | Chromium particles can cause osteolysis by increasing the RANKL/OPG ratio in rats, and intervention with slow-release rhBMP-2 can significantly promote bone formation and suppress bone resorption by decreasing RANKL/OPG ratio. | ํฌ๋กฌ ์
์๋ ์ฅ์ RANKL/OPG ๋น์จ์ ์ฆ๊ฐ์์ผ ๊ณจ ์ฉํด๋ฅผ ์ผ์ผํฌ ์ ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฒ์ฒํ ๋ฐฉ์ถ๋๋ rhBMP-2๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ๋ฉด RANKL/OPG ๋น์จ์ ๊ฐ์์์ผ ๋ผ ํ์ฑ์ ํฌ๊ฒ ์ด์งํ๊ณ ๋ผ ํก์๋ฅผ ์ต์ ํ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค. |
22,445,867 | Does early adrenaline administration improve circulatory recovery during resuscitation from severe asphyxia in newborn piglets? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the effects of early intravenous adrenaline administration on circulatory recovery, cerebral reoxygenation, and plasma catecholamine concentrations, after severe asphyxia-induced bradycardia and hypotension.",
"One-day-old piglets were left in apnoea until heart rate and mean arterial pressure were less than 50 min(-1) and 25 mmHg, respectively. They randomly received adrenaline, 10 ฮผgkg(-1) (n=16) or placebo (n=15) and were resuscitated with air ventilation and, when needed, closed-chest cardiac massage (CCCM). Eight not asphyxiated animals served as time controls.",
"CCCM was required in 13 piglets given adrenaline and in 13 given placebo. Time to return of spontaneous circulation was: 72 (66-85)s vs. 77 (64-178)s [median (quartile range)] (p=0.35). Time until cerebral regional oxygen saturation (CrSO(2)) had increased to 30% was 86 (79-152)s vs. 126 (88-309)s (p=0.30). The two groups did not differ significantly in CrSO(2), heart rate, arterial pressure, right common carotid artery blood flow, or number of survivors: 13 vs. 11 animals. Plasma concentration of adrenaline, 2.5 min after resuming ventilation, was 498 (268-868)nmoll(-1) vs. 114 (80-306)nmoll(-1) (p=0.01). Corresponding noradrenaline concentrations were 1799 (1058-4182)nmoll(-1)vs. 1385 (696-3118)nmoll(-1) (ns). In the time controls, the concentrations were 0.4 (0.2-0.6)nmoll(-1) of adrenaline and 1.8 (1.3-2.4)nmoll(-1) of noradrenaline."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Animals, Newborn",
"Blood Circulation",
"Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation",
"Epinephrine",
"Swine",
"Treatment Failure"
]
} | The high endogenous catecholamine levels, especially those of noradrenaline, may explain why early administered adrenaline did not significantly improve resuscitation outcome. | no | pub_med_qa40042 | [
{
"content": "์ด๊ธฐ ์๋๋ ๋ ๋ฆฐ ํฌ์ฌ๊ฐ ์ ์์ ๋ผ์ง์ ์ค์ฆ ์ง์์์ ์์ํ๋ ๋์ ์ํ ํ๋ณต์ ๊ฐ์ ํฉ๋๊น?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "์ด๊ธฐ ์๋๋ ๋ ๋ฆฐ ํฌ์ฌ๊ฐ ์ ์์ ๋ผ์ง์ ์ค์ฆ ์ง์์์ ์์ํ๋ ๋์ ์ํ ํ๋ณต์ ๊ฐ์ ํฉ๋๊น?",
"role": "passage"
}
] | The high endogenous catecholamine levels, especially those of noradrenaline, may explain why early administered adrenaline did not significantly improve resuscitation outcome. | ๋์ ๋ด์ธ์ฑ ์นดํ
์ฝ์๋ฏผ ์์น, ํนํ ๋
ธ๋ฅด์๋๋ ๋ ๋ฆฐ ์์น๋ ์กฐ๊ธฐ ํฌ์ฌ๋ ์๋๋ ๋ ๋ฆฐ์ด ์์์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ฒ ๊ฐ์ ํ์ง ๋ชปํ ์ด์ ๋ฅผ ์ค๋ช
ํ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค. |
19,061,742 | Is type of hip fracture in patients with Parkinson disease associated with femoral bone mineral density? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and hip fracture type (cervical or trochanteric) in a sample of fallers with Parkinson disease (PD).",
"Observational study.",
"Rehabilitation hospital in Italy.",
"We investigated 1040 of 1120 white fallers consecutively admitted to a rehabilitation hospital for hip fracture. Thirty-eight (3.65%) of the 1040 patients suffered from PD secondarily. Thirty-eight controls matched for sex, age, and hip fracture type were found among the 1002 non-PD fallers.",
"Not applicable.",
"BMD was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at a mean+/-SD of 21.9+/-7.5 days after fracture occurrence in the 38 PD patients and 21.6+/-5.9 days after fracture occurrence in the 38 controls.",
"BMD assessed at total femur, trochanter, and intertrochanteric region was significantly lower in the 15 PD patients with trochanteric fractures than in the 23 with cervical fractures; the mean T score differences were 0.57 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.07-1.08; P=.028), 0.66 (95% CI, 0.04-1.28; P=.037), and 0.63 (95% CI, 0.11-1.15; P=.019), respectively. A significant association between femoral BMD and hip fracture type was found at logistic regression after adjustment for several confounders. Results in the 38 controls were similar to those obtained in the 38 PD fallers."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Accidental Falls",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Bone Density",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Female",
"Femur",
"Hip Fractures",
"Humans",
"Italy",
"Logistic Models",
"Male",
"Matched-Pair Analysis",
"Middle Aged",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Parkinson Disease"
]
} | In a sample of PD fallers as in a control group of non-PD fallers, BMD levels assessed at 3 femoral sites were significantly lower in the patients who sustained trochanteric fractures than in those with cervical fractures of the hip. | yes | pub_med_qa40043 | [
{
"content": "ํํจ์จ๋ณ ํ์์ ๊ณ ๊ด์ ๊ณจ์ ์ ํ์ด ๋ํด๊ณจ ๊ณจ๋ฐ๋์ ๊ด๋ จ์ด ์์ต๋๊น?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\nํํจ์จ๋ณ(PD)์ ์๊ณ ์๋ ๋์์ ์ํ์์ ๊ณจ๋ฐ๋(BMD)์ ๊ณ ๊ด์ ๊ณจ์ ์ ํ(๊ฒฝ์ถ ๋๋ ๋ํด๊ณจ ๊ณจ์ ) ๊ฐ์ ์ฐ๊ด์ฑ์ ์กฐ์ฌํ๊ธฐ ์ํด.\n\n2)\n๊ด์ฐฐ ์ฐ๊ตฌ.\n\n3)\n์ดํ๋ฆฌ์์ ์ฌํ ๋ณ์.\n\n4)\n๊ณ ๊ด์ ๊ณจ์ ๋ก ์ฌํ๋ณ์์ ์ฐ์ ์
์ํ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ๋์์ 1120๋ช
์ค 1040๋ช
์ ๋์์ผ๋ก ์กฐ์ฌํ์ต๋๋ค. 1040๋ช
์ ํ์ ์ค 38๋ช
(3.65%)์ด 2์ฐจ์ ์ผ๋ก PD๋ฅผ ์๊ณ ์์์ต๋๋ค. ๋นPD ๋์์ 1002๋ช
์ค ์ฑ๋ณ, ์ฐ๋ น, ๊ณ ๊ด์ ๊ณจ์ ์ ํ์ ๋ง๋ 38๋ช
์ ๋์กฐ๊ตฐ์ด ๋ฐ๊ฒฌ๋์์ต๋๋ค.\n\n5)\nํด๋น๋์ง ์์ต๋๋ค.\n\n6)\nBMD๋ 38๋ช
์ PD ํ์์์ ๊ณจ์ ๋ฐ์ ํ ํ๊ท +/-7.5์ผ, 38๋ช
์ ๋์กฐ๊ตฐ์์ ๊ณจ์ ๋ฐ์ ํ ํ๊ท 21.6+/-5.9์ผ์ ์ด์ค ์๋์ง X์ ํก์ ์ธก์ ๋ฒ์ผ๋ก ํ๊ฐ๋์์ต๋๋ค.\n\n7)\n์ด ๋ํด๊ณจ, ๋ํด๊ณจ, ๋ํด๊ณจ ๋ฐ ๋ํด๊ณจ ๊ฐ ์์ญ์์ ํ๊ฐ๋ ๊ณจ๋ฐ๋(BMD)๋ ๋ํด๊ณจ ๊ณจ์ ์ด ์๋ 15๋ช
์ PD ํ์์์ ๊ฒฝ์ถ ๊ณจ์ ์ด ์๋ 23๋ช
๋ณด๋ค ์ ์ํ๊ฒ ๋ฎ์์ต๋๋ค. ํ๊ท T ์ ์ ์ฐจ์ด๋ 0.57(95% ์ ๋ขฐ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ [CI], 0.07-1.08; P=.028), 0.66(95% CI, 0.04-1.28; P=.037), 0.63(95% CI, 0.11-1.15; P=.019)์ด์์ต๋๋ค. ์ฌ๋ฌ ํผ๋ ๋ณ์๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ํ ํ ๋ก์ง์คํฑ ํ๊ท ๋ถ์์์ ๋ํด๊ณจ ๊ณจ๋ฐ๋์ ๊ณ ๊ด์ ๊ณจ์ ์ ํ ๊ฐ์ ์ ์๋ฏธํ ์ฐ๊ด์ฑ์ด ๋ฐ๊ฒฌ๋์์ต๋๋ค. 38๊ฐ ๋์กฐ๊ตฐ์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ 38๊ฐ PD ๋์ ํ์์์ ์ป์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์ ์ฌํ์ต๋๋ค.",
"role": "passage"
}
] | In a sample of PD fallers as in a control group of non-PD fallers, BMD levels assessed at 3 femoral sites were significantly lower in the patients who sustained trochanteric fractures than in those with cervical fractures of the hip. | ๋นPD ๋์์ ๋์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋ง์ฐฌ๊ฐ์ง๋ก PD ๋์์ ์ํ์์ 3๊ฐ์ ๋ํด๊ณจ ๋ถ์์์ ํ๊ฐ๋ BMD ์์น๋ ๊ณ ๊ด์ ๊ฒฝ์ถ ๊ณจ์ ํ์๋ณด๋ค ๋ํด๊ณจ ๊ณจ์ ์ ์
์ ํ์์์ ์ ์ํ๊ฒ ๋ฎ์์ต๋๋ค. |
19,066,113 | Does leptin play a role in ruptured human brain arteriovenous malformations? | {
"contexts": [
"Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the most common clinical manifestations of human brain arteriovenous malformation (BAVM). However, the hemorrhagic mechanism of BAVM is still unclear. Leptin, first discovered in obesity research, has not been systematically studied in BAVM and ICH. We investigated expression and effect of leptin on human BAVM.",
"Specimens were obtained from 6 BAVM patients, who had been divided into either hemorrhagic or non-hemorrhagic groups. Leptin, leptin receptor, and signal transducers and activators of transcription-3 (STAT3) were analyzed by different methods, such as gene chips, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, and Western blot. Perinidal brain tissue around each BAVM served as control.",
"Gene chips and RT-PCR found transcriptional leptin raised at least 2 levels in hemorrhagic BAVM. Immunohistochemical slices also showed higher expression of leptin, leptin receptor, and STAT3 on nidus part of hemorrhagic BAVM than non-hemorrhagic ones. On Western blot analysis, hemorrhagic BAVMs had higher levels of leptin (p < 0.01)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Female",
"Gene Expression Regulation",
"Humans",
"Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations",
"Intracranial Hemorrhages",
"Leptin",
"Male",
"Microarray Analysis",
"Middle Aged",
"Receptors, Leptin",
"STAT3 Transcription Factor",
"Signal Transduction"
]
} | The transcriptional and translational levels of leptin, leptin receptor, and STAT3 were higher in hemorrhagic BAVM, suggesting that leptin may play an important role in the hemorrhagic mechanism of BAVM. | yes | pub_med_qa40044 | [
{
"content": "๋ ํด์ด ํ์ด๋ ์ธ๊ฐ์ ๋ ๋์ ๋งฅ ๊ธฐํ์ ์ญํ ์ ํ๋์?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๋๋ด ์ถํ(ICH)์ ์ธ๊ฐ ๋ ๋์ ๋งฅ ๊ธฐํ(BAVM)์ ๊ฐ์ฅ ํํ ์์ ์ฆ์ ์ค ํ๋์
๋๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ BAVM์ ์ถํ ๊ธฐ์ ์ ์์ง ๋ช
ํํ์ง ์์ต๋๋ค. ๋น๋ง ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์ ์ฒ์ ๋ฐ๊ฒฌ๋ ๋ ํด์ BAVM๊ณผ ICH์์ ์ฒด๊ณ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋์ง ์์์ต๋๋ค. ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ธ๊ฐ BAVM์ ๋ํ ๋ ํด์ ๋ฐํ๊ณผ ํจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ฌํ์ต๋๋ค.\n\n2)\n6๋ช
์ BAVM ํ์๋ก๋ถํฐ ํ๋ณธ์ ์ฑ์ทจํ์ฌ ์ถํ์ฑ ๋๋ ๋น์ถํ์ฑ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ผ๋ก ๋๋์์ต๋๋ค. ๋ ํด, ๋ ํด ์์ฉ์ฒด, ์ ์ฌ-3(STAT3)์ ์ ํธ ์ ๋ฌ์ ๋ฐ ํ์ฑํ์ ๋ ์ ์ ์ ์นฉ, ์ญ์ ์ฌ-ํด๋ฆฌ๋จธ๋ผ์ ์ฐ์ ๋ฐ์(RT-PCR), ๋ฉด์ญ์กฐ์งํํ, ์จ์คํด ๋ธ๋กฏ ๋ฑ ๋ค์ํ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ถ์ํ์ต๋๋ค. ๊ฐ BAVM ์ฃผ๋ณ์ ๊ทผ์๋ถ ๋ ์กฐ์ง์ด ๋์กฐ๊ตฐ์ผ๋ก ์ฌ์ฉ๋์์ต๋๋ค.\n\n3)\n์ ์ ์ ์นฉ๊ณผ RT-PCR ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ถํ์ฑ BAVM์์ ์ ์ฌ ๋ ํด ์์น๊ฐ ์ต์ 2๋จ๊ณ ์ด์ ์์นํ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ์ต๋๋ค. ๋ฉด์ญ์กฐ์งํํ์ ์ฌ๋ผ์ด์ค์์๋ ์ถํ์ฑ BAVM์ ๋๋์ค ๋ถ๋ถ์์ ๋น์ถํ์ฑ BAVM๋ณด๋ค ๋ ํด, ๋ ํด ์์ฉ์ฒด, STAT3์ ๋ฐํ์ด ๋ ๋์์ต๋๋ค. ์จ์คํด ๋ธ๋กฏ ๋ถ์์์ ์ถํ์ฑ BAVM์ ๋ ํด ์์น๊ฐ ๋ ๋์์ต๋๋ค (p < 0.01).",
"role": "passage"
}
] | The transcriptional and translational levels of leptin, leptin receptor, and STAT3 were higher in hemorrhagic BAVM, suggesting that leptin may play an important role in the hemorrhagic mechanism of BAVM. | ์ถํ์ฑ BAVM์์ ๋ ํด, ๋ ํด ์์ฉ์ฒด, STAT3์ ์ ์ฌ ๋ฐ ๋ฒ์ญ ์์ค์ด ๋ ๋์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ ๋ ํด์ด BAVM์ ์ถํ ๋ฉ์ปค๋์ฆ์์ ์ค์ํ ์ญํ ์ ํ ์ ์์์ ์์ฌํฉ๋๋ค. |
19,073,629 | Does a transient outward potassium current activator recapitulate the electrocardiographic manifestations of Brugada syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"Transient outward potassium current (I(to)) is thought to be central to the pathogenesis of the Brugada syndrome (BrS). However, an I((to)) activator has not been available with which to validate this hypothesis. Here, we provide a direct test of the hypothesis using a novel I(to) activator, NS5806.",
"Isolated canine ventricular myocytes and coronary-perfused wedge preparations were used. Whole-cell patch-clamp studies showed that NS5806 (10 microM) increased peak I(to) at +40 mV by 79 +/- 4% (24.5 +/- 2.2 to 43.6 +/- 3.4 pA/pF, n = 7) and slowed the time constant of inactivation from 12.6 +/- 3.2 to 20.3 +/- 2.9 ms (n = 7). The total charge carried by I(to) increased by 186% (from 363.9 +/- 40.0 to 1042.0 +/- 103.5 pA x ms/pF, n = 7). In ventricular wedge preparations, NS5806 increased phase 1 and notch amplitude of the action potential in the epicardium, but not in the endocardium, and accentuated the ECG J-wave, leading to the development of phase 2 re-entry and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (n = 9). Although sodium and calcium channel blockers are capable of inducing BrS only in right ventricular (RV) wedge preparations, the I(to) activator was able to induce the phenotype in wedges from both ventricles. NS5806 induced BrS in 4/6 right and 2/10 left ventricular wedge preparations."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Action Potentials",
"Animals",
"Brugada Syndrome",
"Dogs",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Electrocardiography",
"Endocardium",
"Heart Ventricles",
"In Vitro Techniques",
"Membrane Transport Modulators",
"Mutation",
"Myocytes, Cardiac",
"Pericardium",
"Phenylurea Compounds",
"Potassium",
"Potassium Channels",
"Tetrazoles",
"Time Factors"
]
} | The I(to) activator NS5806 recapitulates the electrographic and arrhythmic manifestation of BrS, providing evidence in support of its pivotal role in the genesis of the disease. Our findings also suggest that a genetic defect leading to a gain of function of I(to) could explain variants of BrS, in which ST-segment elevation or J-waves are evident in both right and left ECG leads. | yes | pub_med_qa40045 | [
{
"content": "์ผ์์ ์ธ ์ธ๋ถ ์นผ๋ฅจ ์ ๋ฅ ํ์ฑ์ ๊ฐ ๋ธ๋ฃจ๊ฐ๋ค ์ฆํ๊ตฐ์ ์ฌ์ ๋ ์ฆ์์ ์์ฝํ๋์?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "์ผ์์ ์ธ ์ธ๋ถ ์นผ๋ฅจ ์ ๋ฅ ํ์ฑ์ ๊ฐ ๋ธ๋ฃจ๊ฐ๋ค ์ฆํ๊ตฐ์ ์ฌ์ ๋ ์ฆ์์ ์์ฝํ๋์?",
"role": "passage"
}
] | The I(to) activator NS5806 recapitulates the electrographic and arrhythmic manifestation of BrS, providing evidence in support of its pivotal role in the genesis of the disease. Our findings also suggest that a genetic defect leading to a gain of function of I(to) could explain variants of BrS, in which ST-segment elevation or J-waves are evident in both right and left ECG leads. | I(to) ํ์ฑํ์ NS5806์ BRS์ ์ ๊ธฐ์ ๋ฐ ๋ถ์ ๋งฅ์ ๋ฐํ์ ์์ฝํ์ฌ ์ง๋ณ์ ๋ฐ๋ณ์ ์ค์ํ ์ญํ ์ ํ๋ค๋ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ณตํฉ๋๋ค. ์ฐ๋ฆฌ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ ๋ํ I(to)์ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ ํฅ์์ ์ด๋ํ๋ ์ ์ ์ ๊ฒฐํจ์ด ์ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ๋ฐ ์ผ์ชฝ ์ฌ์ ๋ ๋ฆฌ๋ ๋ชจ๋์์ ST-์ธ๊ทธ๋จผํธ ์์น ๋๋ J-ํ๊ฐ ๋๋ ทํ๊ฒ ๋ํ๋๋ BRS์ ๋ณ์ด๋ฅผ ์ค๋ช
ํ ์ ์์์ ์์ฌํฉ๋๋ค. |
19,070,354 | Does novel recombinant fibrinogenase of Agkistrodon acutus venom protect against LPS-induced DIC? | {
"contexts": [
"Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is an acquired syndrome characterized by the widespread activation of coagulation. This leads to failure of multiple organs in the body and finally death. Because there is no effective therapy for DIC, the clinical prognosis is poor and the mortality is high.",
"The animals were intravenously injected with Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 6 hours and simultaneously infected three doses of recombinant fibrinogenase II (rFII) for 2 hour. Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), platelets count, fibrinogen and fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) were determined. The plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine (Cr) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were detected. Liver and kidney samples were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and kidney sections were stained with phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin.",
"We observed that rFII increased survival rate in LPS-induced DIC rabbits as well as heparin did. Administration of rFII as well as heparin attenuated the increased plasma levels of APTT, PT and FDP and the decreased plasma level of fibrinogen at 6 h. rFII reduced hepatic and renal damages and decreased the levels of ALT and Cr as well as heparin did. rFII also significantly reduced the increased plasma levels of TNF-alpha. rFII significantly reduced the kidney fibrin deposits with respect to LPS treated animals."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Agkistrodon",
"Animals",
"Crotalid Venoms",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation",
"Humans",
"Kidney",
"Lipopolysaccharides",
"Liver",
"Rabbits",
"Recombinant Proteins",
"Serine Endopeptidases"
]
} | Our findings suggest that rFII from Agkistrodon acutus venom could have protective effect on DIC via reducing liver and renal damages and direct degradation of microthrombi. | yes | pub_med_qa40046 | [
{
"content": "์๊ทธํค์คํธ๋ก๋ ์ํํฌ์ค ๋
์ ์๋ก์ด ์ฌ์กฐํฉ ํผ๋ธ๋ฆฌ๋
ธ๊ฒ๋์ ๊ฐ LPS๋ก ์ ๋ฐ๋ DIC๋ก๋ถํฐ ๋ณดํธํ๋์?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\nํ์ข
์ฑ ํ๊ด ๋ด ์๊ณ (DIC)๋ ์๊ณ ์ ๊ด๋ฒ์ํ ํ์ฑํ๋ฅผ ํน์ง์ผ๋ก ํ๋ ํ์ฒ์ฑ ์ฆํ๊ตฐ์
๋๋ค. ์ด๋ก ์ธํด ์ ์ฒด์ ์ฌ๋ฌ ์ฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์คํจํ๊ณ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ฌ๋ง์ ์ด๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋ฉ๋๋ค. DIC์ ๋ํ ํจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์น๋ฃ๋ฒ์ด ์๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ์์ ์ํ๊ฐ ์ข์ง ์๊ณ ์ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์ด ๋์ต๋๋ค.\n\n2)\n๋๋ฌผ์๊ฒ 6์๊ฐ ๋์ ๋ฆฌํฌ๋ค๋น๋ฅ(LPS)๋ฅผ ์ ๋งฅ ์ฃผ์ฌํ๊ณ 2์๊ฐ ๋์ 3ํ ์ฉ๋์ ์ฌ์กฐํฉ ํผ๋ธ๋ฆฌ๋
ธ๊ฒ๋์ II(rFII)๋ฅผ ๋์์ ๊ฐ์ผ์์ผฐ์ต๋๋ค. ํ์ฑํ๋ ๋ถ๋ถ ํธ๋กฌ๋ณดํ๋ผ์คํด ์๊ฐ(APT), ํ๋กํธ๋กฌ๋น ์๊ฐ(PT), ํ์ํ ์, ํผ๋ธ๋ฆฌ๋
ธ๊ฒ ๋ฐ ํผ๋ธ๋ฆฌ๋
ธ๊ฒ๋ ๋ถํด ์ฐ๋ฌผ(FDP)์ ์ธก์ ํ์ต๋๋ค. ์๋ผ๋ ์๋ฏธ๋
ธ์ ๋ฌํจ์(ALT), ํฌ๋ ์ํฐ๋(Cr) ๋ฐ ์ข
์ ๊ดด์ฌ ์ธ์ ์ํ(TNF-์ํ)์ ํ์ฅ ์์น๊ฐ ๊ฒ์ถ๋์์ต๋๋ค. ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ ์ฅ ์ํ์ ํค๋งํก์ค๋ฆฐ-์์ค์ ์ผ๋ก ์ผ์ํ๊ณ ์ ์ฅ ์น์
์ ์ธํ
์คํ
์ฐ-ํค๋งํก์ค๋ฆฐ์ผ๋ก ์ผ์ํ์ต๋๋ค.\n\n3)\n์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ rFII๊ฐ LPS๋ก ์ ๋๋ DIC ํ ๋ผ์ ํคํ๋ฆฐ์ ์์กด์จ์ ์ฆ๊ฐ์ํค๋ ๊ฒ์ ๊ด์ฐฐํ์ต๋๋ค. rFII์ ํคํ๋ฆฐ์ ํฌ์ฌ๋ 6์๊ฐ ํ APT, PT, FDP์ ํ์ฅ ์์น ์ฆ๊ฐ์ ํผ๋ธ๋ฆฌ๋
ธ๊ฒ์ ํ์ฅ ์์น ๊ฐ์๋ฅผ ์ฝํ์์ผฐ์ต๋๋ค. rFII๋ ๊ฐ ๋ฐ ์ ์ฅ ์์์ ๊ฐ์์ํค๊ณ ALT์ Cr ๋ฐ ํคํ๋ฆฐ์ ํ์ฅ ์์น๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์์์ผฐ์ต๋๋ค. rFII๋ ๋ํ TNF-์ํ์ ํ์ฅ ์์น ์ฆ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ์ ์๋ฏธํ๊ฒ ๊ฐ์์์ผฐ์ต๋๋ค. rFII๋ LPS ์ฒ๋ฆฌ ๋๋ฌผ์ ๋นํด ์ ์ฅ ํผ๋ธ๋ฆฐ ์นจ์ฐฉ์ ์ ์๋ฏธํ๊ฒ ๊ฐ์์์ผฐ์ต๋๋ค.",
"role": "passage"
}
] | Our findings suggest that rFII from Agkistrodon acutus venom could have protective effect on DIC via reducing liver and renal damages and direct degradation of microthrombi. | ์ฐ๋ฆฌ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ๋ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์๊ทธํค์คํธ๋ก๋ ์ํํฌ์ค ๋
์ rFII๋ ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ ์ฅ ์์์ ์ค์ด๊ณ ๋ฏธ์ธํ์ ์ฆ์ ์ง์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ์
ํ์ํด์ผ๋ก์จ DIC์ ๋ํ ๋ณดํธ ํจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง ์ ์์ต๋๋ค. |
19,058,099 | Does a note on the use of passive alcohol sensors during routine traffic stop? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether the use of a passive alcohol sensor (PAS) in routine traffic enforcement increases the driving-under-the-influence (DUI) arrest rate of alcohol-impaired drivers.",
"Officers in a Maryland police department were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the first with PAS devices and the second without PAS devices (the control group). Then, the PAS units were switched from the first to the second group. Arrest, PAS, and preliminary breath-test data were collected on 714 nighttime traffic stops over two enforcement periods.",
"The DUI arrest rate for the officers with and without the PAS was the same, 13%. Officers who made no arrests without the PAS benefited the most from using it. Drivers stopped for an unsafe lane change, driving over the center line, and negligent driving were arrested for DUI 35% of the time."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Alcoholic Intoxication",
"Automobile Driving",
"Breath Tests",
"Equipment Design",
"Humans",
"Law Enforcement",
"Police",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Reproducibility of Results",
"Time Factors"
]
} | The PAS appears to increase the DUI arrest rate of officers who rarely make DUI arrests, but it does not increase the DUI arrest rate of officers who normally make DUI arrests without passive sensors. It appears that it could be successful in increasing the overall number of DUI arrests for a police department if issued to, and training is provided to, patrol officers who do not normally make DUI arrests. | yes | pub_med_qa40047 | [
{
"content": "์ผ์์ ์ธ ๊ตํต ์ํฉ์์ ์๋ ์์ฝ์ฌ ์ผ์ ์ฌ์ฉ์ ๋ํ ๋ฉ๋ชจ๊ฐ ๋ฉ์ถ๋์?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ผ์์ ์ธ ๊ตํต ๋จ์์์ ์๋ ์์ฝ์ฌ ์ผ์(PAS)๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ๋ฉด ์์ฝ์ฌ ์ฅ์ ์ด์ ์์ ์์ฃผ ์ด์ (DUI) ์ฒดํฌ์จ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐํ๋์ง ํ์ธํฉ๋๋ค.\n\n2)\n๋ฉ๋ฆด๋๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์์ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๊ด๋ค์ ๋ฌด์์๋ก ๋ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ์ค ํ๋์ ๋ฐฐ์ ๋์์ต๋๋ค: ์ฒซ ๋ฒ์งธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ PAS ์ฅ์น๊ฐ ์๋ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด๊ณ ๋ ๋ฒ์งธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ PAS ์ฅ์น๊ฐ ์๋ ๊ทธ๋ฃน(ํต์ ๊ทธ๋ฃน)์
๋๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฐ ๋ค์ PAS ์ฅ์น๋ ์ฒซ ๋ฒ์งธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์์ ๋ ๋ฒ์งธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ผ๋ก ์ ํ๋์์ต๋๋ค. ๋ ์ฐจ๋ก์ ๋จ์ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋์ 714๊ฐ์ ์ผ๊ฐ ๊ตํต ์ ๋ฅ์ฅ์์ ์ฒดํฌ, PAS ๋ฐ ์๋น ์์ฃผ ์ธก์ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ฅผ ์์งํ์ต๋๋ค.\n\n3)\nPAS๊ฐ ์๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๊ด๊ณผ ์๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๊ด์ ์์ฃผ์ด์ ์ฒดํฌ์จ์ ๋์ผํ 13%์์ต๋๋ค. PAS ์์ด ์ฒดํฌ๋์ง ์์ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๊ด๋ค์ด ์์ฃผ์ด์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ฐ์ฅ ํฐ ํํ์ ๋ฐ์์ต๋๋ค. ์ด์ ์๋ค์ ์์ ํ์ง ์์ ์ฐจ์ ๋ณ๊ฒฝ, ์ค์์ ์ ๋๋ ์ด์ , ๋ถ์ฃผ์ํ ์ด์ ์ผ๋ก ์ธํด 35%์ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ ์์ฃผ์ด์ ์ผ๋ก ์ฒดํฌ๋์์ต๋๋ค.",
"role": "passage"
}
] | The PAS appears to increase the DUI arrest rate of officers who rarely make DUI arrests, but it does not increase the DUI arrest rate of officers who normally make DUI arrests without passive sensors. It appears that it could be successful in increasing the overall number of DUI arrests for a police department if issued to, and training is provided to, patrol officers who do not normally make DUI arrests. | PAS๋ DUI ์ฒดํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ ํ์ง ์๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๊ด๋ค์ DUI ์ฒดํฌ์จ์ ๋์ด๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ณด์ด์ง๋ง, ์๋ ์ผ์ ์์ด ์ผ๋ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก DUI ์ฒดํฌ๋ฅผ ํ๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๊ด๋ค์ DUI ์ฒดํฌ์จ์ ๋์ด์ง๋ ์์ต๋๋ค. ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์์ ์ ์ฒด DUI ์ฒดํฌ ๊ฑด์๋ฅผ ๋๋ฆฌ๋ ๋ฐ ์ฑ๊ณตํ ์ ์์ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ, ํ์ DUI ์ฒดํฌ๋ฅผ ํ์ง ์๋ ์์ฐฐ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๊ด๋ค์๊ฒ๋ ๊ต์ก์ด ์ ๊ณต๋ ์ ์์ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ณด์
๋๋ค. |
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