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19,062,003
Is epinephrine associated with both erectile dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms?
{ "contexts": [ "To determine whether patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) have a higher incidence of insulin resistance (IR) when compared with controls.", "Prospective case-control study.", "Academic medical center.", "Twenty-nine nondiabetic men aged 18-66 years were enrolled. Of these, 28 completed the study: 17 had ED, and 11 did not.", "Validated ED questionnaires, examination, serum hormones evaluation, and oral glucose tolerance testing.", "Association of IR with ED.", "The association between worsening degrees of both lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and ED was reaffirmed, as was a potential correlation between the two-epinephrine. There was a negative association between serum levels of epinephrine and scores on the 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Dysfunction for ED (Spearman correlation coefficient = -0.38). On the other hand, men with ED were not more likely to have IR compared with controls." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adolescent", "Adult", "Aged", "Biomarkers", "Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2", "Epinephrine", "Erectile Dysfunction", "Glucose Tolerance Test", "Humans", "Insulin Resistance", "Male", "Metabolic Syndrome", "Middle Aged", "Risk Factors", "Severity of Illness Index", "Surveys and Questionnaires", "Urination Disorders", "Young Adult" ] }
Epinephrine may be the common link between ED and LUTS.
yes
pub_med_qa40100
[ { "content": "์—ํ”ผ๋„คํ”„๋ฆฐ์€ ๋ฐœ๊ธฐ๋ถ€์ „๊ณผ ํ•˜๋ถ€ ์š”๋กœ ์ฆ์ƒ ๋ชจ๋‘์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๋ฐœ๊ธฐ๋ถ€์ „(ED) ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ(IR) ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ฅ ์ด ๋” ๋†’์€์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์ „ํ–ฅ์  ์‚ฌ๋ก€-๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ.\n\n3)\nํ•™์ˆ  ์˜๋ฃŒ ์„ผํ„ฐ.\n\n4)\n18์„ธ์—์„œ 66์„ธ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋น„๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ๋‚จ์„ฑ 29๋ช…์ด ๋“ฑ๋กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ค‘ 28๋ช…์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์™„๋ฃŒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: 17๋ช…์€ ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค์„, 11๋ช…์€ ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค์„ ๊ฒช์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n5)\n๊ฒ€์ฆ๋œ ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€, ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ, ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ ํฌ๋„๋‹น ๋‚ด์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ.\n\n6)\nIR๊ณผ ED์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ.\n\n7)\nํ•˜๋ถ€ ์š”๋กœ ์ฆ์ƒ(LUTS)๊ณผ ED์˜ ์•…ํ™” ์ •๋„ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ์žฌํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‘ ์—ํ”ผ๋„คํ”„๋ฆฐ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ž ์žฌ์  ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋„ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ํ”ผ๋„คํ”„๋ฆฐ์˜ ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ ์ˆ˜์น˜์™€ ๊ตญ์ œ ๋ฐœ๊ธฐ๋ถ€์ „ ์ง€์ˆ˜ 5๊ฐœ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ๋ฒ„์ „์˜ ED ์ ์ˆ˜(์Šคํ”ผ์–ด๋งŒ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ณ„์ˆ˜ = -0.38) ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ์Œ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ED๋ฅผ ์•“๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚จ์„ฑ์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด IR์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋” ๋†’์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Epinephrine may be the common link between ED and LUTS.
์—ํ”ผ๋„คํ”„๋ฆฐ์€ ED์™€ LUTS ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ณตํ†ต ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,058,139
Is oct4A expressed by a subpopulation of prostate neuroendocrine cells?
{ "contexts": [ "Cancer stem cells are defined by their self-renewal and multi-potential capabilities and are hypothesized to be the source of primary and recurrent cancers. The stem cell properties of self-renewal and pluripotency in embryonic stem cells and germ cells are regulated by Oct4A, a splice variant of the POU5F1 (Oct3/4) gene, while the function of the alternative splice variant, Oct4B, is unknown. Rare cells that express Oct4 were identified in several somatic cancers, however, the differential contributions of the Oct4A and Oct4B variants were not determined.", "Oct4A expression and co-localization with lineage markers was performed with PCR and immunohistochemistry.", "Rare Oct4A expressing cells are present in human benign and malignant prostate glands and the number of Oct4A expressing cells increases in prostate cancers with high Gleason scores. Oct4A expressing cells were non-proliferative, and did not co-express markers of basal epithelial cell or luminal epithelial cell differentiation, or AMACR, a marker of prostate cancer epithelial cells. A subpopulation of the Oct4A expressing cells co-expressed Sox2, an embryonic stem cell marker, but did not express other putative stem cell markers, such as ABCG2, NANOG or CD133. The majority of Oct4A expressing cells co-expressed chromogranin A, and a subset of Oct4A expressing cells co-expressed synaptophysin, both markers of neuroendocrine differentiation." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Biomarkers", "Biomarkers, Tumor", "Cell Differentiation", "Cell Proliferation", "Chromogranin A", "Disease Progression", "Humans", "Male", "Neuroendocrine Cells", "Octamer Transcription Factor-3", "Prostate", "Prostatic Neoplasms", "RNA, Messenger", "SOXB1 Transcription Factors", "Synaptophysin" ] }
The increased number of cells that expressed Oct4A in prostate cancer compared to benign prostate, and in cancers of increasing grade, suggests that Oct4A/Chromogranin A co-expressing cells represent neuroendocrine cells in prostate cancer.
yes
pub_med_qa40101
[ { "content": "oct4A๋Š” ์ „๋ฆฝ์„  ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋‚ด๋ถ„๋น„ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœํ˜„๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์•” ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ์ž๊ฐ€ ์žฌ์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋‹ค์ค‘ ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ •์˜๋˜๋ฉฐ ์›๋ฐœ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์žฌ๋ฐœ์„ฑ ์•”์˜ ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ์•„ ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ์™€ ์ƒ์‹์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์žฌ์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋‹ค๋Šฅ์„ฑ์˜ ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ POU5F1(Oct3/4) ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ์Šคํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์Šค ๋ณ€์ด์ธ Oct4A์— ์˜ํ•ด ์กฐ์ ˆ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋Œ€์ฒด ์Šคํ”Œ๋ผ์ด์Šค ๋ณ€์ด์ธ Oct4B์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฒด์„ธํฌ์•”์—์„œ Oct4๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ํฌ๊ท€ ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ Oct4A์™€ Oct4B ๋ณ€์ด์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋„๋Š” ๋ฐํ˜€์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\nPCR ๋ฐ ๋ฉด์—ญ์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•™์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ Oct4A ๋ฐœํ˜„ ๋ฐ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋งˆ์ปค์™€์˜ ๊ณต๋™ ๊ตญ์†Œํ™”๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\nํฌ๊ท€ํ•œ Oct4A ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์–‘์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์•…์„ฑ ์ „๋ฆฝ์„ ์ƒ˜์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์Šจ ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์ „๋ฆฝ์„ ์•”์—์„œ Oct4A ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Oct4A ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ๋น„์ฆ์‹์„ฑ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐ์ € ์ƒํ”ผ ์„ธํฌ ๋˜๋Š” ์ „๋ฆฝ์„ ์•” ์ƒํ”ผ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋งˆ์ปค์ธ ๋‚ด๊ฐ• ์ƒํ”ผ ์„ธํฌ ๋ถ„ํ™” ๋˜๋Š” AMACR์„ ๊ณต๋™ ๋ฐœํ˜„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Oct4A ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„ ์ง‘๋‹จ์€ ๋ฐฐ์•„ ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ ๋งˆ์ปค์ธ Sox2๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋™ ๋ฐœํ˜„ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ABCG2, NANOG ๋˜๋Š” CD133๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ถ”์ • ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ ๋งˆ์ปค๋Š” ๋ฐœํ˜„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ Oct4A ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ํฌ๋กœ๋ชจ๊ทธ๋ผ๋‹Œ A๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋™ ๋ฐœํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ , Oct4A ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„ ์ง‘๋‹จ์€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋‚ด๋ถ„๋น„ ๋ถ„ํ™”์˜ ๋งˆ์ปค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
The increased number of cells that expressed Oct4A in prostate cancer compared to benign prostate, and in cancers of increasing grade, suggests that Oct4A/Chromogranin A co-expressing cells represent neuroendocrine cells in prostate cancer.
์ „๋ฆฝ์„ ์•”์—์„œ Oct4A๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์–‘์„ฑ ์ „๋ฆฝ์„ ์•”์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์•”์—์„œ Oct4A/ํฌ๋กœ๋ชจ๊ทธ๋ผ๋‹Œ A๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ ๋ฐœํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ „๋ฆฝ์„ ์•”์—์„œ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋‚ด๋ถ„๋น„ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,055,580
Does metabolic profiles in goat do in late pregnancy with and without subclinical pregnancy toxemia?
{ "contexts": [ "Pregnant goat does can develop various metabolic diseases during late pregnancy that may have profound effects on their health and productivity, including subclinical pregnancy toxemia.", "This study was performed to evaluate serum biochemical findings in goats in late pregnancy with and without subclinical pregnancy toxemia.", "Serum samples were obtained from 153 clinically healthy goats in the last trimester of pregnancy from 14 herds in central and northern Jordan. Serum was analyzed for the following constituents: 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-HB), glucose, total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, triglycerides, cortisol, T3, T4, total calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus, using commercially available kits. Goats were classified as having subclinical pregnancy toxemia or as controls on the basis of 3-HB results. Biochemical results were compared between the 2 groups using nonparametric statistical tests.", "Fifty-three does had subclinical pregnancy toxemia (3-HB>0.86 mmol/L) and 100 were pregnant control does (3-HB< or =0.86 mmol/L). Does with subclinical pregnancy toxemia had significantly lower glucose concentrations (P<.001) and significantly higher urea (P=.042) and total protein (P=.048) concentrations compared with pregnant control does. 3-HB concentration was significantly correlated with glucose (r=0.290, P=.035), phosphorus (r=0.351, P=.01), and cortisol (r=0.394, P=.004) concentrations in goats with subclinical toxemia." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "3-Hydroxybutyric Acid", "Animals", "Blood Proteins", "Female", "Goat Diseases", "Goats", "Hypoglycemia", "Pre-Eclampsia", "Pregnancy", "Urea" ] }
Results of this study indicate that the biochemical profile of does with subclinical pregnancy toxemia had significantly lower glucose (P < .001) and total protein (P = .048)concentrations, whereas urea concentrations were significantly higher (P = .042) compared with pregnant control does [corrected].
yes
pub_med_qa40102
[ { "content": "์—ผ์†Œ์˜ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ํ”„๋กœํ•„์ด ์ž„์‹  ํ›„๊ธฐ์— ๋ฌด์ฆ์ƒ ์ž„์‹  ๋…์†Œํ˜ˆ์ฆ์ด ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ž„์‹ ํ•œ ์—ผ์†Œ๋Š” ์ž„์‹  ํ›„๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ์งˆํ™˜์„ ์•“์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์ฆ์ƒ ์ž„์‹  ๋…์†Œํ˜ˆ์ฆ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์— ์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ž„์‹  ํ›„๊ธฐ ์—ผ์†Œ์˜ ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ ์ƒํ™”ํ•™์  ์†Œ๊ฒฌ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์ž„์‹  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์‚ผ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ ์š”๋ฅด๋‹จ ์ค‘๋ถ€์™€ ๋ถ๋ถ€์˜ 14๊ฐœ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์ž„์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์—ผ์†Œ 153๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ์ฑ„์ทจํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ์€ 3-ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ๋ถ€ํ‹ฐ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ(3-HB), ํฌ๋„๋‹น, ์ด ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ, ์•Œ๋ถ€๋ฏผ, ์š”์†Œ, ํฌ๋ ˆ์•„ํ‹ฐ๋‹Œ, ์•„์ŠคํŒŒ๋ฅดํŠธ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธํŠธ๋žœ์Šคํผ๋ผ์ œ, ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ ํฌ์ŠคํŒŒํƒ€์ œ, ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค, ์ค‘์„ฑ์ง€๋ฐฉ, ์ฝ”๋ฅดํ‹ฐ์†”, T3, T4, ์ด ์นผ์Š˜, ๋งˆ๊ทธ๋„ค์Š˜, ์ธ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ์‹œ์ค‘์—์„œ ํŒ๋งค๋˜๋Š” ํ‚คํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ผ์†Œ๋Š” 3-HB ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์ฆ์ƒ ์ž„์‹  ๋…์†Œํ˜ˆ์ฆ ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒํ™”ํ•™์  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋น„๋ชจ์ˆ˜ ํ†ต๊ณ„ ๊ฒ€์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๊ฐ„์— ๋น„๊ต๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n4)\n53๋ช…์€ ์•„์ž„์ƒ ์ž„์‹  ๋…์†Œํ˜ˆ์ฆ(3-HB>0.86mmol/L)์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  100๋ช…์€ ์ž„์‹  ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ(3-HB< ๋˜๋Š” =0.86mmol/L)์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ž„์ƒ ์ž„์‹  ๋…์†Œํ˜ˆ์ฆ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ž„์‹  ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํฌ๋„๋‹น ๋†๋„(P<.001)๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๊ณ  ์š”์†Œ(P=.042)์™€ ์ด ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ(P=.048) ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 3-HB ๋†๋„๋Š” ์•„์ž„์ƒ ๋…์†Œํ˜ˆ์ฆ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ผ์†Œ์—์„œ ํฌ๋„๋‹น(r=0.290, P=.035), ์ธ(r=0.351, P=.01), ์ฝ”๋ฅดํ‹ฐ์†”(r=0.394, P=.004) ๋†๋„์™€ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Results of this study indicate that the biochemical profile of does with subclinical pregnancy toxemia had significantly lower glucose (P < .001) and total protein (P = .048)concentrations, whereas urea concentrations were significantly higher (P = .042) compared with pregnant control does [corrected].
์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ๋ฌด์ฆ์ƒ ์ž„์‹  ๋…์†Œํ˜ˆ์ฆ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ƒํ™”ํ•™์  ํ”„๋กœํ•„์€ ์ž„์‹  ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํฌ๋„๋‹น(P < .001)๊ณผ ์ด ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ(P = .048) ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฎ์•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์š”์†Œ ๋†๋„๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(P = .042).
19,056,550
Are unmetabolized folic acid and total folate concentrations in breast milk unaffected by low-dose folate supplements?
{ "contexts": [ "Many lactating women in North America are exposed to high synthetic folic acid intakes because of food fortification and vitamin supplement use. Few data exist on the potential long-term effect of high folic acid intakes on milk folate concentrations, whereas no data are available on the effect of supplemental [6S]-5-methyltetrahydrofolate ([6S]-5-methylTHF).", "The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 3 treatments (placebo, folic acid, and [6S]-5-methylTHF) on milk folate and folate-binding protein (FBP) concentrations and to determine whether unmetabolized folic acid is present in milk.", "In this 16-wk randomized, placebo-controlled intervention, 69 lactating women were randomly assigned to receive [6S]-5-methylTHF (416 microg/d, 906 nmol/d) or a placebo, or were assigned to receive folic acid (400 microg/d, 906 nmol/d) within 1 wk postpartum. Total milk folate, FBP, and unmetabolized folic acid concentrations were measured at 16 wk.", "Unmetabolized folic acid was detected in 96% of milk samples tested representing approximately 8% of total milk folate concentrations. Total milk folate, FBP, and the proportion of unmetabolized milk folic acid did not differ between treatments; however, FBP concentrations were significantly lower than those published before mandatory folic acid fortification of the food supply." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adolescent", "Adult", "Biological Availability", "Carrier Proteins", "Dietary Supplements", "Double-Blind Method", "Female", "Folate Receptors, GPI-Anchored", "Folic Acid", "Food, Fortified", "Humans", "Lactation", "Milk, Human", "Pregnancy", "Receptors, Cell Surface", "Tetrahydrofolates", "Vitamin B Complex", "Young Adult" ] }
Maternal intake of synthetic folic acid leads to the appearance of unmetabolized folic acid in milk and, seemingly, a down-regulation of milk FBP synthesis. The impact of these changes on the bioavailability of folate in infants requires further exploration.
yes
pub_med_qa40103
[ { "content": "๋Œ€์‚ฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์—ฝ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๋ชจ์œ ์˜ ์ด ์—ฝ์‚ฐ ๋†๋„๋Š” ์ €์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์—ฝ์‚ฐ ๋ณด์ถฉ์ œ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๋ถ๋ฏธ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜์œ  ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ์‹ํ’ˆ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ๋ฐ ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ ๋ณด์ถฉ์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋†’์€ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์—ฝ์‚ฐ ์„ญ์ทจ์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋†’์€ ์—ฝ์‚ฐ ์„ญ์ทจ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์œ  ์—ฝ์‚ฐ ๋†๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์ž ์žฌ์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ณด์ถฉ์ œ [6S]-5-๋ฉ”ํ‹ธํ…ŒํŠธ๋ผํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋กœํด๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ([6S]-5-๋ฉ”ํ‹ธTHF)์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ(ํ”Œ๋ผ์„ธ๋ณด, ์—ฝ์‚ฐ, [6S]-5-๋ฉ”ํ‹ธTHF)๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์œ  ์—ฝ์‚ฐ ๋ฐ ์—ฝ์‚ฐ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ(FBP) ๋†๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๋Œ€์‚ฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์—ฝ์‚ฐ์ด ์šฐ์œ ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์ด 16์ฃผ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„ ์œ„์•ฝ ๋Œ€์กฐ ์ค‘์žฌ์—์„œ 69๋ช…์˜ ์ˆ˜์œ  ์ค‘์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„๋กœ [6S]-5-๋ฉ”ํ‹ธTHF(416 ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœg/d, 906 nmol/d) ๋˜๋Š” ์œ„์•ฝ์„ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฐํ›„ 1์ฃผ ์ด๋‚ด์— ์—ฝ์‚ฐ(400 ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœg/d, 906 nmol/d)์„ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์šฐ์œ  ์—ฝ์‚ฐ, FBP ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์—ฝ์‚ฐ ๋†๋„๋Š” 16์ฃผ์—์„œ ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n4)\nํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•œ ์šฐ์œ  ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์˜ 96%์—์„œ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์—ฝ์‚ฐ์ด ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ์šฐ์œ  ์—ฝ์‚ฐ ๋†๋„์˜ ์•ฝ 8%๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์šฐ์œ  ์—ฝ์‚ฐ, FBP ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์šฐ์œ  ์—ฝ์‚ฐ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์€ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ„์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, FBP ๋†๋„๋Š” ์‹ํ’ˆ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์˜ ์˜๋ฌด์ ์ธ ์—ฝ์‚ฐ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ์ด์ „์— ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ๋‚ฎ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Maternal intake of synthetic folic acid leads to the appearance of unmetabolized folic acid in milk and, seemingly, a down-regulation of milk FBP synthesis. The impact of these changes on the bioavailability of folate in infants requires further exploration.
์‚ฐ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์—ฝ์‚ฐ์„ ์„ญ์ทจํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ์œ ์—์„œ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์—ฝ์‚ฐ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์šฐ์œ  FBP ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์ด ํ•˜ํ–ฅ ์กฐ์ ˆ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์œ ์•„์˜ ์—ฝ์‚ฐ ์ƒ์ฒด์ด์šฉ๋ฅ ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,062,310
Are plasma levels of MMP-2 , MMP-9 and TIMP-1 associated with arterial stiffness in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus?
{ "contexts": [ "Increased arterial stiffness is a marker of atherosclerosis and is recognised early in the course of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMP) are a family of proteolytic enzymes which are essential for the structure and function of large arteries. In this study, we examined for relationships between MMP and TIMP-1 and indices of arterial stiffness in subjects with T2DM.", "A total of 60 subjects with T2DM and 60 nondiabetic subjects were recruited. Aortic distensibility (AD) was assessed noninvasively by ultrasonography and augmentation index by pulse wave analysis.", "The values of AD were lower in subjects with T2DM than in controls (P<.001), while those of augmentation index were not significantly different between the two groups. Plasma concentrations of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were not different between diabetic and nondiabetic participants, while those of TIMP-1 were lower in the diabetic patients (P=.005). In the diabetes group, no significant associations were found between either AD or augmentation index and MMPs as well as TIMP-1, while duration of diabetes emerged as the strongest predictor of AD (P<.001). In the nondiabetic group, nonsignificant associations were also found between AD or augmentation index and MMPs as well as TIMP-1." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Aged", "Aorta", "Arteries", "Atherosclerosis", "Cross-Sectional Studies", "Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2", "Elasticity", "Female", "Humans", "Male", "Manometry", "Matrix Metalloproteinase 2", "Matrix Metalloproteinase 9", "Middle Aged", "Pulsatile Flow", "Pulse", "Radial Artery", "Severity of Illness Index", "Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1", "Ultrasonography", "Vascular Resistance" ] }
In patients with T2DM, plasma levels of MMP and TIMP-1 are not associated with arterial stiffness assessed by either AD or augmentation index.
no
pub_med_qa40104
[ { "content": "์ œ2ํ˜• ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ MMP-2, MMP-9 ๋ฐ TIMP-1์˜ ํ˜ˆ์žฅ ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋™๋งฅ ๊ฒฝ์ง๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๋™๋งฅ ๊ฒฝ์ง์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋™๋งฅ๊ฒฝํ™”์ฆ์˜ ์ง€ํ‘œ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ œ2ํ˜• ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘(T2DM)์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ธ์‹๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งคํŠธ๋ฆญ์Šค ๋ฉ”ํƒˆ๋กœํ”„๋กœํ…Œ์ด๋‚˜์•„์ œ(MMP)์™€ ๊ทธ ์กฐ์ง ์–ต์ œ์ œ(TIMP)๋Š” ํฐ ๋™๋งฅ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ๋ถ„ํ•ด ํšจ์†Œ ๊ณ„์—ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” MMP์™€ TIMP-1 ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ T2DM ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๋™๋งฅ ๊ฒฝ์ง ์ง€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์ด 60๋ช…์˜ ์ œ2ํ˜• ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์™€ 60๋ช…์˜ ๋น„๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์ง‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋™๋งฅ ๊ธด์žฅ๋„(AD)๋Š” ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์™€ ๋งฅํŒŒ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋น„์นจ์Šต์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์ œ2ํ˜• ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์˜ AD ๊ฐ’์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ(P<.001), ์ฆ๊ฐ• ์ง€์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฐ’์€ ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๊ฐ„์— ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. MMP-2์™€ MMP-9์˜ ํ˜ˆ์žฅ ๋†๋„๋Š” ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์™€ ๋น„๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž ๊ฐ„์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ(P=.005), TIMP-1์˜ ํ˜ˆ์žฅ ๋†๋„๋Š” ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ๋” ๋‚ฎ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(P=.005). ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ๋Š” AD ๋˜๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฐ• ์ง€์ˆ˜์™€ MMP ๋ฐ TIMP-1 ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘์˜ ์ง€์† ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ AD์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(P<.001). ๋น„๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ๋Š” AD ๋˜๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฐ• ์ง€์ˆ˜์™€ MMP, TIMP ๋ฐ TIMP-1 ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋„ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
In patients with T2DM, plasma levels of MMP and TIMP-1 are not associated with arterial stiffness assessed by either AD or augmentation index.
์ œ2ํ˜• ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ MMP์™€ TIMP-1์˜ ํ˜ˆ์žฅ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” AD ๋˜๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฐ• ์ง€์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋œ ๋™๋งฅ ๊ฒฝ์ง๋„์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,058,228
Is reduced expression of basal and probiotic-inducible G-CSF in intestinal mononuclear cells associated with inflammatory bowel disease?
{ "contexts": [ "Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in the hematopoiesis of granulocytes, neuroprotection, and immunomodulation. Previously, we have shown that probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 induces G-CSF production from bone marrow-derived macrophages. Whether this probiotic also induces G-CSF in intestinal mononuclear cells is unknown.", "G-CSF release in response to L. rhamnosus GR-1 was analyzed in isolated intestinal lamina propria mononuclear cells from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and non-IBD patients. The effects of G-CSF on proinflammatory cytokine production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and intestinal tissue from C57BL/6 wildtype and G-CSF receptor knockout mice was examined.", "Normal mouse or human intestinal lamina propria cells constitutively express high levels of G-CSF, of which production was further enhanced by exogenous L. rhamnosus GR-1. However, cells obtained from IBD patients showed reduced G-CSF production under basal conditions and also lower production after exogenous GR-1 treatments. Intestinal tissue samples isolated from G-CSF receptor-deficient mice constitutively expressed higher levels of TNFalpha, IL-23, and IL-12 than those from wildtype mice, and pretreatment of G-CSF suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IL-23 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Animals", "Escherichia coli", "Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor", "Humans", "Inflammatory Bowel Diseases", "Interleukin-12", "Interleukin-23", "Intestinal Mucosa", "Lactobacillus rhamnosus", "Leukocytes, Mononuclear", "Mice", "Mice, Inbred C57BL", "Mucous Membrane", "Probiotics", "Receptors, Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor", "Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha" ] }
These results suggest that high G-CSF production induced by commensals such as L. rhamnosus is important in maintaining normal immunological homeostasis in the intestine and defects in the production of G-CSF are associated with IBD.
yes
pub_med_qa40105
[ { "content": "์žฅ ๋‹จํ•ต ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ € ๋ฐ ํ”„๋กœ๋ฐ”์ด์˜คํ‹ฑ์Šค ์œ ๋„์„ฑ G-CSF์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์—ผ์ฆ์„ฑ ์žฅ ์งˆํ™˜๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๊ณผ๋ฆฝ๊ตฌ-์ง‘๋ฝ ์ž๊ทน ์ธ์ž(G-CSF)๋Š” ๊ณผ๋ฆฝ๊ตฌ์˜ ์กฐํ˜ˆ, ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ฐ ๋ฉด์—ญ ์กฐ์ ˆ์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฉด๋ฐœํ˜„์„ฑ ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ „์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๋ฐ”์ด์˜คํ‹ฑ์Šค ๋ฝํ† ๋ฐ”์‹ค๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋žŒ๋…ธ์„œ์Šค GR-1์ด ๊ณจ์ˆ˜ ์œ ๋ž˜ ๋Œ€์‹์„ธํฌ์—์„œ G-CSF ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๋ฐ”์ด์˜คํ‹ฑ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์žฅ ๋‹จํ•ต ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ๋„ G-CSF๋ฅผ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋Š” ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\nL. rhamnosus GR-1์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์œผ๋กœ G-CSF ๋ฐฉ์ถœ์ด ์—ผ์ฆ์„ฑ ์žฅ์งˆํ™˜(IBD) ๋ฐ ๋น„IBD ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ ์žฅ ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋‚˜ ํ”„๋กœํ”„๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋‹จํ•ต ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. C57BL/6 ์•ผ์ƒํ˜• ๋ฐ G-CSF ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ๋…น์•„์›ƒ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ง์ดˆ ํ˜ˆ์•ก ๋‹จํ•ต ์„ธํฌ ๋ฐ ์žฅ ์กฐ์ง์—์„œ ์—ผ์ฆ์„ฑ ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ ์ƒ์„ฑ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” G-CSF์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์ •์ƒ ์ฅ ๋˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์žฅ ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋‚˜ ํ”„๋กœํ”„๋ฆฌ์•„ ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ G-CSF๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํ˜„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด ์ค‘ ์™ธ์ธ์„ฑ L. ๋žŒ๋…ธ์ˆ˜์Šค GR-1์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ด ๋”์šฑ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ IBD ํ™˜์ž๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ป์€ ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ € ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ G-CSF ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์™ธ์ธ์„ฑ GR-1 ์น˜๋ฃŒ ํ›„์—๋„ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. G-CSF ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐํ•๋œ ์ฅ์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•œ ์žฅ ์กฐ์ง ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์€ ์•ผ์ƒํ˜• ์ฅ๋ณด๋‹ค TNFalpha, IL-23, IL-12 ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, G-CSF์˜ ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ง์ดˆ ํ˜ˆ์•ก ๋‹จํ•ต ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ์ง€์งˆ๋‹ค๋‹น๋ฅ˜(LPS)์— ์˜ํ•ด ์œ ๋„๋œ IL-23์„ ์–ต์ œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
These results suggest that high G-CSF production induced by commensals such as L. rhamnosus is important in maintaining normal immunological homeostasis in the intestine and defects in the production of G-CSF are associated with IBD.
์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” L. ๋žŒ๋…ธ์ˆ˜์Šค์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณต์ƒ์ฒด์— ์˜ํ•ด ์œ ๋„๋œ ๋†’์€ G-CSF ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ด ์žฅ์˜ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์—ญ ํ•ญ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, G-CSF ์ƒ์‚ฐ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•จ์ด IBD์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,074,979
Is evidence that altered amygdala activity in schizophrenia related to clinical state and not genetic risk?
{ "contexts": [ "Although amygdala dysfunction is reported in schizophrenia, it is unknown whether this deficit represents a heritable phenotype that is related to risk for schizophrenia or whether it is related to disease state. The purpose of the present study was to examine amygdala response to threatening faces among healthy siblings of schizophrenia patients in whom a subtler heritable deficit might be observed.", "Participants were 34 schizophrenia patients, 29 unaffected siblings, and 20 healthy comparison subjects. Blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was conducted during an implicit facial information processing task. The N-back working memory task, which has been shown to elicit prefrontal cortex abnormalities in unaffected siblings of schizophrenia patients, was employed as a positive experimental control.", "Schizophrenia patients demonstrated a deficit in amygdala reactivity to negative face stimuli and an alteration, correlated with neuroleptic drug dosage, in the functional coupling between the amygdala and subgenual cingulate. In contrast, unaffected siblings showed a pattern that was not statistically different from that of healthy comparison subjects. During the N-back working memory task, both schizophrenia patients and their unaffected siblings demonstrated a pattern of inefficient prefrontal cortex engagement, which is consistent with earlier evidence that this pattern is related to genetic risk for schizophrenia." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Amygdala", "Anger", "Cognition Disorders", "Dominance, Cerebral", "Facial Expression", "Fear", "Female", "Genetic Predisposition to Disease", "Gyrus Cinguli", "Humans", "Image Processing, Computer-Assisted", "Imaging, Three-Dimensional", "Magnetic Resonance Imaging", "Male", "Memory, Short-Term", "Nerve Net", "Neuropsychological Tests", "Oxygen", "Pattern Recognition, Visual", "Phenotype", "Schizophrenia" ] }
These data suggest that the pathophysiological mechanism underlying the inability of individuals with schizophrenia to normally engage the amygdala in processing fearful and angry facial representations is more likely a phenomenon related to the disease state, specifically to treatment.
yes
pub_med_qa40106
[ { "content": "์กฐํ˜„๋ณ‘์—์„œ ํŽธ๋„์ฒด ํ™œ๋™์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ „์  ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ž„์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\nํŽธ๋„์ฒด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ์กฐํ˜„๋ณ‘์—์„œ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด ๊ฒฐํ•์ด ์กฐํ˜„๋ณ‘ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์œ ์ „์  ํ‘œํ˜„ํ˜•์ธ์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ์œ ์ „์  ๊ฒฐํ•์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์กฐํ˜„๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž ํ˜•์ œ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์œ„ํ˜‘์ ์ธ ์–ผ๊ตด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŽธ๋„์ฒด ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋Š” ์กฐํ˜„๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž 34๋ช…, ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ˜•์ œ์ž๋งค 29๋ช…, ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋น„๊ต ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž 20๋ช…์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜ˆ์•ก ์‚ฐ์†Œ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์˜์กด(BOLD) ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์ž๊ธฐ๊ณต๋ช…์˜์ƒ(fMRI)์€ ์•”๋ฌต์  ์–ผ๊ตด ์ •๋ณด ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๊ณผ์ œ ์ค‘์— ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐํ˜„๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ˜•์ œ์ž๋งค์—์„œ ์ „๋‘์—ฝ ํ”ผ์งˆ ์ด์ƒ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์ง„ N-ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ ์ž‘์—… ๊ธฐ์–ต ๊ณผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–‘์„ฑ ์‹คํ—˜ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์กฐํ˜„๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ ํŽธ๋„์ฒด์™€ ์•„์† ์‹ฑ๊ทค๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์–ผ๊ตด ์ž๊ทน์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŽธ๋„์ฒด ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•๊ณผ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ ˆ์…‰ํŠธ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ˜•์ œ์ž๋งค๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋น„๊ต ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์™€ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. N-๋ฐฑ ์ž‘์—… ๊ธฐ์–ต ๊ณผ์ œ ๋™์•ˆ ์กฐํ˜„๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์™€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ˜•์ œ์ž๋งค ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋น„ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์ „๋‘์—ฝ ํ”ผ์งˆ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์กฐํ˜„๋ณ‘์˜ ์œ ์ „์  ์œ„ํ—˜๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์ „ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
These data suggest that the pathophysiological mechanism underlying the inability of individuals with schizophrenia to normally engage the amygdala in processing fearful and angry facial representations is more likely a phenomenon related to the disease state, specifically to treatment.
์ด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์กฐํ˜„๋ณ‘์„ ์•“๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‘๋ ต๊ณ  ํ™”๋‚œ ์–ผ๊ตด ํ‘œ์ •์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํŽธ๋„์ฒด์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ณ‘ํƒœ์ƒ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์ด ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ์ƒํƒœ, ํŠนํžˆ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ํ˜„์ƒ์ผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋” ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,074,977
Does an odor-specific threshold deficit implicate abnormal intracellular cyclic AMP signaling in schizophrenia?
{ "contexts": [ "Although olfactory deficits are common in schizophrenia, their underlying pathophysiology remains unknown. Recent evidence has suggested that cAMP signaling may be disrupted in schizophrenia. Since cAMP mediates signal transduction in olfactory receptor neurons, this could contribute to the etiology of observed olfactory deficits. This study was designed to test this hypothesis by determining odor detection threshold sensitivities to two odorants that differ in their relative activations of this intracellular cAMP signaling cascade.", "Thirty schizophrenia patients, 25 healthy comparison subjects, and 19 unaffected first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients were studied. Odor detection threshold sensitivities were measured for the two odorants citralva and lyral. Although both have fruity/floral scents, citralva strongly activates adenylyl cyclase to increase cAMP levels, while lyral is a very weak activator of adenylyl cyclase.", "There was a significant group-by-odor interaction. Both schizophrenia patients and unaffected first-degree relatives were impaired in their ability to detect lyral versus citralva. Comparison subjects were equally sensitive to both odorants. This selective deficit could not be explained by differences in age, sex, smoking, clinical symptom profile, or medication use." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Aldehydes", "Cyclic AMP", "Cyclohexenes", "Female", "Genetic Predisposition to Disease", "Humans", "Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Nitriles", "Olfaction Disorders", "Psychiatric Status Rating Scales", "Reference Values", "Schizophrenia", "Sensory Thresholds", "Signal Transduction", "Smell" ] }
This study establishes the presence of an odor-specific hyposmia that may denote a disruption of cAMP-mediated signal transduction in schizophrenia. The presence of a parallel deficit in the patients' unaffected first-degree relatives suggests that this deficit is genetically mediated. Although additional physiological studies are needed to confirm the underlying mechanism, these results offer strong inferential support for the hypothesis that cAMP signaling is dysregulated in schizophrenia.
yes
pub_med_qa40107
[ { "content": "๋ƒ„์ƒˆ ํŠน์ด์  ์ž„๊ณ„ ๊ฒฐํ•์ด ์กฐํ˜„๋ณ‘์—์„œ ๋น„์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์„ธํฌ ๋‚ด ์ˆœํ™˜ AMP ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ „๋‹ฌ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์กฐํ˜„๋ณ‘์—์„œ๋Š” ํ›„๊ฐ ๊ฒฐํ•์ด ํ”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์ € ๋ณ‘ํƒœ์ƒ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ง ๋ฐํ˜€์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์กฐํ˜„๋ณ‘์—์„œ๋Š” cAMP ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ „๋‹ฌ์ด ๋ฐฉํ•ด๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. cAMP๋Š” ํ›„๊ฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ๋‰ด๋Ÿฐ์—์„œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ „๋‹ฌ์„ ๋งค๊ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋œ ํ›„๊ฐ ๊ฒฐํ•์˜ ์›์ธ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์„ธํฌ ๋‚ด cAMP ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ „๋‹ฌ ์บ์Šค์ผ€์ด๋“œ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ ๊ฐ์ง€ ์ž„๊ณ„๊ฐ’ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์กฐํ˜„๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž 30๋ช…, ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋น„๊ต ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž 25๋ช…, ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์กฐํ˜„๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์˜ 1๊ธ‰ ์นœ์ฒ™ 19๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œํŠธ๋ž„๋ฐ”์™€ ๋ผ์ด๋ž„์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ ๊ฒ€์ถœ ์—ญ์น˜ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œํŠธ๋ž„๋ฐ”๋Š” ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๊ณผ์ผ ํ–ฅ/๊ฝƒ ํ–ฅ์ด ๋‚˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„๋ฐ๋‹ ์‚ฌ์ดํด๋ผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ cAMP ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๋ผ์ด๋ž„์€ ์•„๋ฐ๋‹ ์‚ฌ์ดํด๋ผ์ œ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์•ฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋ณ„๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๊ฐ„ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐํ˜„๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์™€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์€ 1๊ธ‰ ์นœ์ฒ™ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ผ์ด๋ž„๊ณผ ์‹œํŠธ๋ž„๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ €ํ•˜๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๊ต ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋‘ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ ๋ฌผ์งˆ ๋ชจ๋‘์— ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ ํƒ์  ๊ฒฐํ•์€ ์—ฐ๋ น, ์„ฑ๋ณ„, ํก์—ฐ, ์ž„์ƒ ์ฆ์ƒ ํ”„๋กœํ•„ ๋˜๋Š” ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
This study establishes the presence of an odor-specific hyposmia that may denote a disruption of cAMP-mediated signal transduction in schizophrenia. The presence of a parallel deficit in the patients' unaffected first-degree relatives suggests that this deficit is genetically mediated. Although additional physiological studies are needed to confirm the underlying mechanism, these results offer strong inferential support for the hypothesis that cAMP signaling is dysregulated in schizophrenia.
์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์กฐํ˜„๋ณ‘์—์„œ cAMP ๋งค๊ฐœ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ „๋‹ฌ์˜ ์ค‘๋‹จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ ํŠน์ด์  ์ €ํ˜ˆ๋‹น์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ž…์ฆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์€ 1์ฐจ ์นœ์ฒ™์—์„œ ํ‰ํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•์ด ์œ ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์ € ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์ƒ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์กฐํ˜„๋ณ‘์—์„œ cAMP ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ „๋‹ฌ์ด ์กฐ์ ˆ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,063,766
Does iron intake significantly correlate with iron deficiency among young Japanese women : a cross-sectional study?
{ "contexts": [ "We evaluated the association of nutrient intake with Fe deficiency with regard to lifestyle factors and health condition in young Japanese women. Uniquely among developed countries, dietary habits render Japanese populations vulnerable to Fe deficiency, owing to their relatively low intake of Fe and high intake of Fe absorption inhibitors, such as green tea and soyabeans.", "A cross-sectional study.", "The subjects were 1019 female Japanese dietetic students aged 18-25 years. Dietary habits during the preceding month were assessed using a previously validated, self-administered, diet history questionnaire. Blood analysis was performed to assess body Fe status. Subjects were categorized with Fe deficiency when their serum ferritin levels were <12 ng/ml. Twenty-nine dietary variables, i.e. intakes of energy, sixteen nutrients including Fe and twelve food groups, were analysed using multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for possible confounders.", "Of the subjects, 24.5% were categorized with Fe deficiency. However, no dietary factors assessed were significantly associated with Fe deficiency. The risk of Fe deficiency was significantly lower in women with infrequent or no menstrual cycles than in those with regular cycles (OR = 0.58; 95% CI 0.34, 1.00) and significantly higher in women with heavy menstrual flow than in women with average flow, albeit that these were self-reported (OR = 1.83; 95% CI 1.35, 2.48)." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adolescent", "Adult", "Anemia, Iron-Deficiency", "Biological Availability", "Cross-Sectional Studies", "Diet Surveys", "Female", "Humans", "Iron", "Iron, Dietary", "Japan", "Multivariate Analysis", "Nutrition Assessment", "Nutritional Status", "Odds Ratio", "Risk Factors", "Young Adult" ] }
These results suggest that dietary habits, including Fe intake, do not significantly correlate with Fe deficiency among young Japanese women.
no
pub_med_qa40108
[ { "content": "์ฒ ๋ถ„ ์„ญ์ทจ๊ฐ€ ์ Š์€ ์ผ๋ณธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์ฒ ๋ถ„ ๊ฒฐํ•๊ณผ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ํšก๋‹จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ Š์€ ์ผ๋ณธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์ƒํ™œ ์Šต๊ด€ ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜์–‘์†Œ ์„ญ์ทจ์™€ Fe ๊ฒฐํ•์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ํŠนํžˆ ์‹์Šต๊ด€์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ Fe ์„ญ์ทจ๊ฐ€ ์ ๊ณ  ๋…น์ฐจ, ๋Œ€๋‘ ๋“ฑ์˜ Fe ํก์ˆ˜ ์–ต์ œ์ œ ์„ญ์ทจ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•„ ์ผ๋ณธ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ Fe ๊ฒฐํ•์— ์ทจ์•ฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n๋‹จ๋ฉด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ.\n\n3)\nํ”ผํ—˜์ž๋Š” 18-25์„ธ์˜ ์ผ๋ณธ์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์˜์–‘์‚ฌ ํ•™์ƒ 1019๋ช…์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ „ ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ์‹์Šต๊ด€์€ ์ด์ „์— ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋œ ์ž๊ฐ€ ํˆฌ์—ฌ ์‹๋‹จ ์ด๋ ฅ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜ˆ์ค‘ Fe ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜ˆ์•ก ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”ผํ—˜์ž๋“ค์€ ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ ํŽ˜๋ฆฌํ‹ด ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ 12 ng/ml ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ผ ๋•Œ Fe ๊ฒฐํ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 29๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹์ด ๋ณ€์ˆ˜, ์ฆ‰ Fe์™€ 12๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹ํ’ˆ๊ตฐ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ 16๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜์–‘์†Œ ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋‹ค๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n4)\nํ”ผํ—˜์ž ์ค‘ 24.5%๊ฐ€ Fe ๊ฒฐํ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋œ ์‹์ด ์š”์ธ์€ Fe ๊ฒฐํ•๊ณผ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Fe ๊ฒฐํ•์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์€ ์›”๊ฒฝ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋“œ๋ฌผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์—†๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—์„œ ๊ทœ์น™์ ์ธ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ(OR = 0.58; 95% CI 0.34, 1.00)๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฎ์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์›”๊ฒฝ ํ๋ฆ„์ด ์‹ฌํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—์„œ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์ธ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ž๊ฐ€ reported(OR = 1.83; 95% CI 1.35, 2.48)์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
These results suggest that dietary habits, including Fe intake, do not significantly correlate with Fe deficiency among young Japanese women.
์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” Fe ์„ญ์ทจ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์‹์Šต๊ด€์ด ์ Š์€ ์ผ๋ณธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ Fe ๊ฒฐํ•๊ณผ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์—†์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,064,038
Do neural correlates of eye gaze processing in the infant broader autism phenotype?
{ "contexts": [ "Studies of infant siblings of children diagnosed with autism have allowed for a prospective approach to study the emergence of autism in infancy and revealed early behavioral characteristics of the broader autism phenotype. In view of previous findings of atypical eye gaze processing in children and adults with autism, the aim of this study was to examine the early autism phenotype in infant siblings of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (sib-ASD), focusing on the neural correlates of direct compared with averted gaze.", "A group of 19 sib-ASD was compared with 17 control infants with no family history of ASD (mean age=10 months) on their response to direct versus averted gaze in static stimuli.", "Relative to the control group, the sib-ASD group showed prolonged latency of the occipital P400 event-related potentials component in response to direct gaze, but they did not differ in earlier components. Similarly, time-frequency analysis of high-frequency oscillatory activity in the gamma band showed group differences in response to direct gaze, where induced gamma activity was late and less persistent over the right temporal region in the sib-ASD group." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Autistic Disorder", "Brain", "Evoked Potentials, Visual", "Female", "Fixation, Ocular", "Humans", "Infant", "Male", "Phenotype", "Psychomotor Performance", "Siblings" ] }
This study suggests that a broader autism phenotype, which includes an atypical response to direct gaze, is manifest early in infancy.
yes
pub_med_qa40109
[ { "content": "์œ ์•„์˜ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์žํ์ฆ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ˜•์—์„œ ์‹œ์„  ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์žํ์ฆ ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์•„๋™์˜ ์˜์•„ ํ˜•์ œ์ž๋งค๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์œ ์•„๊ธฐ ์žํ์ฆ์˜ ์ถœํ˜„์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „ํ–ฅ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์žํ์ฆ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ˜•์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ํ–‰๋™ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐํ˜€๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์žํ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ ์žฅ์• (sib-ASD) ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์•„๋™์˜ ์˜์•„ ํ˜•์ œ์ž๋งค๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์žํ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ ์žฅ์• (sib-ASD) ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์•„๋™์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์žํ์ฆ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ˜•์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์‹œ์„ ๊ณผ ํšŒํ”ผ๋œ ์‹œ์„ ์˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n19๋ช…์˜ sib-ASD ๊ทธ๋ฃน์„ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋ ฅ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ ์˜์•„ 17๋ช…(mean ์—ฐ๋ น=10๊ฐœ์›”)๊ณผ ์ •์  ์ž๊ทน์—์„œ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์‹œ์„ ๊ณผ ํšŒํ”ผ๋œ ์‹œ์„ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด sib-ASD ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ ์ง์ ‘ ์‘์‹œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์œผ๋กœ ํ›„๋‘ P400 ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ „์œ„ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์˜ ์ง€์—ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ธธ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ „ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ฐ๋งˆ ๋Œ€์—ญ์˜ ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ์ง„๋™ ํ™œ๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„-์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ๋„ sib-ASD ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ ์œ ๋„ ๊ฐ๋งˆ ํ™œ๋™์ด ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์˜์—ญ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ง€์—ฐ๋˜๊ณ  ๋œ ์ง€์†๋˜๋Š” ์ง์ ‘ ์‘์‹œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
This study suggests that a broader autism phenotype, which includes an atypical response to direct gaze, is manifest early in infancy.
์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ง์ ‘ ์‘์‹œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„์ •ํ˜•์ ์ธ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์žํ์ฆ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ˜•์ด ์œ ์•„๊ธฐ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,080,177
Is microinflammation involved in the dysfunction of arteriovenous fistula in patients with maintenance hemodialysis?
{ "contexts": [ "Vascular access (VA) dysfunction is a major clinical complication in the hemodialysis population and has a direct effect on dialysis outcome. This study was conducted to explore the role of microinflammation in the VA dysfunction in maintenance hemodialysis patients.", "Forty-seven patients (male 35 and female 12) receiving maintenance hemodialysis were included for this study. They were divided into three groups: group 1 (n = 15), patients with initial hemodialysis and new arteriovenous fistula (AVF); group 2 (n = 18), patients treated with hemodialysis for long term with well-functional VA; group 3 (n = 14), maintenance hemodialysis patients with VA dysfunction. Biochemical parameters and serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were determined. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was determined by latex-enhanced immuno-nephelometric method. Tissues of radial artery were taken from group 1 and group 3 for the histological study. Expression of CD68 and MCP-1 in the radial artery was determined by immunohistochemistry.", "Serum hs-CRP in group 3 was significantly higher than those in group 1 and group 2 ((7.40 +/- 2.42) mg/L vs (4.21 +/- 1.62) mg/L and (5.04 +/- 3.65) mg/L, P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). Serum TNF-alpha in group 3 was significantly higher than those in group 1 and group 2 ((64.03 +/- 9.29) pg/ml vs (54.69 +/- 12.39) pg/ml and (54.05 +/- 7.68) pg/ml, P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Serum IL-6 in group 3 was also significantly higher than those in group 1 and group 2 ((70.09 +/- 14.53) pg/ml vs (56.43 +/- 10.11) pg/ml and (60.77 +/- 9.70) pg/ml, P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). Patients in group 3 had a thicker internal layer of vessels than in group 1 ((0.356 +/- 0.056) mm vs (0.111 +/- 0.021) mm, P < 0.01). Expression of CD68 and MCP-1 in the fistula vessel walls in group 3 were much higher than those in group 1 (P < 0.01). Moreover, serum hs-CRP level was positively correlated with the neointimal hyperplasia, the expression of CD68 and MCP-1 in fistula vessel (P < 0.01, respectively)." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Aged", "Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical", "C-Reactive Protein", "Female", "Humans", "Immunohistochemistry", "Inflammation", "Interleukin-6", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Renal Dialysis" ] }
Microinflammation might be involved in the dysfunction of AVF in patients with maintenance hemodialysis.
yes
pub_med_qa40110
[ { "content": "์œ ์ง€ ํ˜ˆ์•กํˆฌ์„ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ๋™์ •๋งฅ๋ฃจ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์žฅ์• ์— ๋ฏธ์„ธ ์—ผ์ฆ์ด ๊ด€์—ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์œ ์ง€ ํ˜ˆ์•กํˆฌ์„ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ๋™์ •๋งฅ๋ฃจ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์žฅ์• ์— ๋ฏธ์„ธ ์—ผ์ฆ์ด ๊ด€์—ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "passage" } ]
Microinflammation might be involved in the dysfunction of AVF in patients with maintenance hemodialysis.
๋ฏธ์„ธ ์—ผ์ฆ์€ ์œ ์ง€ ํ˜ˆ์•กํˆฌ์„ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ AVF์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์žฅ์• ์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,067,130
Is complement activation involved in renal damage in human antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody associated pauci-immune vasculitis?
{ "contexts": [ "This study was to investigate the evidence for complement activation in renal biopsy specimens of patients with myeloperoxidase (MPO)-antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated pauci-immune vasculitis.", "Renal biopsy specimens from seven patients with MPO-ANCA positive pauci-immune necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis (NCGN) were used to detect the staining of membrane attack complex (MAC), C3d, C4d, mannose-binding lectin (MBL), factor B and factor P using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Renal tissue from seven patients with minimal change disease (MCD) and two normal renal tissue were used as controls.", "MAC, C3d, factor B and factor P could be detected in glomeruli and small blood vessels with active vasculitis of patients with pauci-immune AAV, but not or scarcely in patients with MCD and in normal renal tissue. C3d and factor B co-localized with MAC, factor P colocalized with C3d. MBL and C4d were not detected in patients with AAV." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adolescent", "Adult", "Aged", "Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic", "Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity", "Autoantibodies", "Autoimmune Diseases", "Complement Activation", "Complement Factor B", "Complement Membrane Attack Complex", "Female", "Humans", "Immunohistochemistry", "Kidney", "Male", "Mannose-Binding Lectin", "Middle Aged", "Peroxidase", "Properdin", "Vasculitis" ] }
The alternative pathway of the complement system is involved in renal damage of human pauci-immune AAV.
yes
pub_med_qa40111
[ { "content": "์ธ๊ฐ„ ํ•ญํ˜ธ์ค‘๊ตฌ ์„ธํฌ์งˆ ์ž๊ฐ€ํ•ญ์ฒด์˜ ์‹ ์žฅ ์†์ƒ์— ๋ณด์ฒด ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ์„ฑ ๋ฉด์—ญ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์—ผ์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ณจ์ˆ˜ํผ์˜ฅ์‹œ๋‹ค์ œ(MPO)-ํ•ญํ˜ธ์ค‘๊ตฌ ์„ธํฌ์งˆ ์ž๊ฐ€ํ•ญ์ฒด(ANCA) ๊ด€๋ จ ํŒŒ์šฐ์น˜ ๋ฉด์—ญ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์—ผ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์‹ ์žฅ ์ƒ๊ฒ€ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์—์„œ ๋ณด์ฒด ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\nMPO-ANCA ์–‘์„ฑ ํŒŒ์šฐ์น˜ ๋ฉด์—ญ ๊ดด์‚ฌ์„ฑ ์ดˆ์Šน๋‹ฌ ์‚ฌ๊ตฌ์ฒด์‹ ์—ผ(NCGN) ํ™˜์ž 7๋ช…์˜ ์‹ ์žฅ ์ƒ๊ฒ€ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฉด์—ญ์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฐ ๋ฉด์—ญํ˜•๊ด‘๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ง‰ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ฒด(MAC), C3d, C4d, ๋งŒ๋…ธ์Šค ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๋ ‰ํ‹ด(MBL), ์ธ์ž B ๋ฐ ์ธ์ž P์˜ ์—ผ์ƒ‰์„ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ์†Œ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์งˆํ™˜(MCD) ํ™˜์ž 7๋ช…์˜ ์‹ ์žฅ ์กฐ์ง๊ณผ ์ •์ƒ ์‹ ์žฅ ์กฐ์ง 2๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\nMAC, C3d, ์ธ์ž B ๋ฐ ์ธ์ž P๋Š” ์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ์„ฑ ๋ฉด์—ญ AAV ํ™˜์ž์˜ ํ™œ๋™์„ฑ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์—ผ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ตฌ์ฒด ๋ฐ ์†Œํ˜ˆ๊ด€์—์„œ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, MCD ํ™˜์ž์™€ ์ •์ƒ ์‹ ์žฅ ์กฐ์ง์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. C3d ๋ฐ ์ธ์ž B๋Š” MAC๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ตญ์†Œํ™”๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ธ์ž P๋Š” C3d์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ตญ์†Œํ™”๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. MBL ๋ฐ C4d๋Š” AAV ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
The alternative pathway of the complement system is involved in renal damage of human pauci-immune AAV.
๋ณด์ฒด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋Œ€์ฒด ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ ๋ฉด์—ญ AAV์˜ ์‹ ์žฅ ์†์ƒ์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,084,972
Is preoperative serum levels of serum VEGF-C associated with distant metastasis in colorectal cancer patients?
{ "contexts": [ "Vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) is one of the most potent lymphangiogenic members of the VEGF family that has been associated with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we evaluated the relationship of preoperative serum VEGF-C (sVEGF-C) and survival in CRC patients.", "sVEGF-C levels were determined, prior to resection, in a cohort of 120 newly presenting patients with CRC by quantitative ELISA.", "Patients who had positive lymph node involvement and higher Dukes' staging (C&D) were associated with shorter time to metastases as expected (p = 0.002 and 0.001, respectively). Patients with distant metastasis had significantly lower levels of sVEGF-C than those without histopathologically proven disease (p = 0.004). However, there was no significant difference in the median sVEGF-C level in patients with or without lymph node metastatic involvement (91 pg/ml vs. 124 pg/ml; p = 0.81). Patients with a sVEGF-C concentration less than the median value (103 pg/ml) showed a poorer overall survival than patients with sVEGF-C levels greater than the median; but this was not statistically significant." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Aged", "Colorectal Neoplasms", "Disease-Free Survival", "Female", "Humans", "Kaplan-Meier Estimate", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Neoplasm Metastasis", "Preoperative Care", "Proportional Hazards Models", "Time Factors", "Treatment Outcome", "Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C" ] }
In this study, low sVEGF-C levels are associated with distant metastasis; hence, preoperative levels may aid in the selection of CRC patients who require further investigation.
yes
pub_med_qa40112
[ { "content": "์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ „ ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ VEGF-C ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์žฅ์•” ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์›๊ฒฉ ์ „์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\nํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ๋‚ดํ”ผ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ธ์ž-C(VEGF-C)๋Š” ๋Œ€์žฅ์•”(CRC) ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ๋ฆผํ”„์ ˆ ์ „์ด ๋ฐ ์˜ˆํ›„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ VEGF ๊ณ„์—ด์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋ฆผํ”„๊ด€ ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ฑ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์› ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ „ ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ VEGF-C(sVEGF-C)์™€ CRC ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ƒ์กด์œจ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์ ˆ์ œ ์ „์— ์ •๋Ÿ‰์  ELISA๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด 120๋ช…์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ CRC ํ™˜์ž ์ฝ”ํ˜ธํŠธ์—์„œ sVEGF-C ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n๋ฆผํ”„์ ˆ ์นจ๋ฒ”์ด ์–‘์„ฑ์ด๊ณ  ๋“€ํฌ์Šค ๋ณ‘๊ธฐ(C&D)๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ „์ด๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์งง์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(๊ฐ๊ฐ p = 0.002 ๋ฐ 0.001). ์›๊ฒฉ ์ „์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์กฐ์ง๋ณ‘๋ฆฌํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ฆ๋œ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ์—†๋Š” ํ™˜์ž๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค sVEGF-C ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฎ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(p = 0.004). ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฆผํ”„์ ˆ ์ „์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™˜์ž์™€ ์—†๋Š” ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ sVEGF-C ์ˆ˜์น˜ ์ค‘์•™๊ฐ’์—๋Š” ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(91 pg/ml ๋Œ€ 124 pg/ml; p = 0.81). sVEGF-C ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์•™๊ฐ’(103 pg/ml)๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์€ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ sVEGF-C ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์•™๊ฐ’๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์กด์œจ์ด ๋‚ฎ์•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
In this study, low sVEGF-C levels are associated with distant metastasis; hence, preoperative levels may aid in the selection of CRC patients who require further investigation.
์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋‚ฎ์€ sVEGF-C ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” ์›๊ฒฉ ์ „์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ „ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ CRC ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ์„ ๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,073,948
Does disability in optic neuritis correlate with diffusion tensor-derived directional diffusivities?
{ "contexts": [ "To determine the potential of directional diffusivities from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to predict clinical outcome of optic neuritis (ON), and correlate with vision, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and visual evoked potentials (VEP).", "Twelve cases of acute and isolated ON were imaged within 30 days of onset and followed prospectively. Twenty-eight subjects with a remote clinical history of ON were studied cross-sectionally. Twelve healthy controls were imaged for comparison. DTI data were acquired at 3T with a surface coil and 1.3 x 1.3 x 1.3 mm(3) isotropic voxels.", "Normal DTI parameters (mean +/- SD, microm(2)/ms) were axial diffusivity = 1.66 +/- 0.18, radial diffusivity = 0.81 +/- 0.26, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) = 1.09 +/- 0.21, and fractional anisotropy (FA) = 0.43 +/- 0.15. Axial diffusivity decreased up to 2.5 SD in acute ON. The decrease in axial diffusivity at onset correlated with visual contrast sensitivity 1 month (r = 0.59) and 3 months later (r = 0.65). In three subjects followed from the acute through the remote stage, radial diffusivity subsequently increased to > 2.5 SD above normal, as did axial diffusivity and ADC. In remote ON, radial diffusivity correlated with OCT (r = 0.81), contrast sensitivity (r = 0.68), visual acuity (r = 0.56), and VEP (r = 0.54)." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Contrast Sensitivity", "Cross-Sectional Studies", "Diffusion", "Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging", "Evoked Potentials, Visual", "Female", "Humans", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Optic Neuritis", "Prospective Studies", "Young Adult" ] }
In acute and isolated demyelination, axial diffusivity merits further investigation as a predictor of future clinical outcome. Diffusion parameters are dynamic in acute and isolated optic neuritis, with an initial acute decrease in axial diffusivity. In remote disease, radial diffusivity correlates with functional, structural, and physiologic tests of vision.
yes
pub_med_qa40113
[ { "content": "์‹œ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์—ผ์˜ ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ํ™•์‚ฐ ํ…์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ ํ™•์‚ฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์‹œ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์—ผ์˜ ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ํ™•์‚ฐ ํ…์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ ํ™•์‚ฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "passage" } ]
In acute and isolated demyelination, axial diffusivity merits further investigation as a predictor of future clinical outcome. Diffusion parameters are dynamic in acute and isolated optic neuritis, with an initial acute decrease in axial diffusivity. In remote disease, radial diffusivity correlates with functional, structural, and physiologic tests of vision.
๊ธ‰์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ์„ฑ ํƒˆ์ˆ˜์ดˆ์—์„œ ์ถ• ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ํ™•์‚ฐ์„ฑ์€ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ž„์ƒ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ์„œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ์„ฑ ์‹œ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์—ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ™•์‚ฐ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋™์ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ์ถ• ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ํ™•์‚ฐ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์›๊ฒฉ ์งˆํ™˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌํ˜• ํ™•์‚ฐ์„ฑ์ด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ , ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ , ์ƒ๋ฆฌ์  ์‹œ๋ ฅ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์™€ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,076,575
Is postoperative hyperglycemia associated with mediastinitis following pediatric cardiac surgery?
{ "contexts": [ "Mediastinitis is an infrequent, but significant complication of median sternotomy. Perioperative hyperglycemia is associated with increased morbidity, including infection in pediatric and adult cardiac surgical patients. We hypothesized that perioperative blood glucose levels would be higher in patients who later developed mediastinitis.", "We examined the medical records of all infants and children diagnosed with poststernotomy mediastinitis (n = 24) from July 2001 to December 2005. Data recorded included postoperative blood glucose levels, age, diagnosis, operation, surgical complexity score, duration of operation and cardiopulmonary bypass, delayed sternal closure, perioperative use of steroids and total parenteral nutrition, and duration of postoperative inotropic and ventilatory support. Records of patients without mediastinitis matched for age, complexity score, and month of operation (control group, n = 32) were also reviewed. Data were analyzed with t-tests and chi-square tests. Variables with P < 0.21 on univariate tests were entered into a multivariate logistic regression model.", "Initially, postoperative blood glucose levels were elevated, but similar in both mediastinitis and control groups. The number of subjects having peak blood glucose levels >7.2 mm (>130 mg.dl(-1)) during the first 24 h was greater in the mediastinitis group (P = 0.07). The significant multivariate predictor of mediastinitis was 24 h peak blood glucose >7.2 mM (>130 mg.dl(-1)) (P = 0.039)." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adolescent", "Age Factors", "Blood Glucose", "Cardiac Surgical Procedures", "Cardiopulmonary Bypass", "Child", "Child, Preschool", "Cohort Studies", "Female", "Humans", "Infant", "Infant, Newborn", "Logistic Models", "Male", "Mediastinitis", "Postoperative Complications", "Retrospective Studies", "Software" ] }
Our data support the hypothesis that postoperative hyperglycemia is a risk factor for the development of mediastinitis in infants and children following cardiac surgery.
yes
pub_med_qa40114
[ { "content": "์†Œ์•„ ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น์ฆ์ด ์ข…๊ฒฉ๋™์—ผ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ข…๊ฒฉ๋™์—ผ์€ ์ค‘์•™ ํ‰๊ณจ ์ ˆ๊ฐœ์ˆ ์˜ ๋“œ๋ฌผ์ง€๋งŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ „ํ›„ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น์ฆ์€ ์†Œ์•„ ๋ฐ ์„ฑ์ธ ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๊ฐ์—ผ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ดํ™˜์œจ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์ข…๊ฒฉ๋™์—ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ „ํ›„ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋†’์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ์„ธ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n2001๋…„ 7์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2005๋…„ 12์›”๊นŒ์ง€ ํ‰๊ณจ์ ˆ๊ฐœ ํ›„ ์ข…๊ฒฉ๋™์—ผ(n = 24)์œผ๋กœ ์ง„๋‹จ๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜์œ ์•„์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ก๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์—๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น ์ˆ˜์น˜, ์—ฐ๋ น, ์ง„๋‹จ, ์ˆ˜์ˆ , ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ ์ ์ˆ˜, ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ์‹ฌํ ์šฐํšŒ, ์ง€์—ฐ๋œ ํ‰๊ณจ ํ์‡„, ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ „ํ›„ ์Šคํ…Œ๋กœ์ด๋“œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฐ ์ด ๋น„๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ ์˜์–‘, ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ ๋น„๋“ฑ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ธ๊ณตํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ์ง€์› ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข…๊ฒฉ๋™์—ผ์ด ์—†๋Š” ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์—ฐ๋ น, ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ ์ ์ˆ˜, ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์›”(๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ, n = 32)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” t-๊ฒ€์ •๊ณผ ์นด์ด์ œ๊ณฑ ๊ฒ€์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฒ€์ •์—์„œ P < 0.21์ธ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€ ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ์ž…๋ ฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ข…๊ฒฉ๋™์—ผ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋น„์Šทํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒ˜์Œ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ตœ๊ณ  ํ˜ˆ๋‹น ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ 7.2mm ์ด์ƒ(>130mg.dl (-1)์ธ ํ”ผํ—˜์ž์˜ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฉ๋™์—ผ ๊ทธ๋ฃน(P = 0.07)์—์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข…๊ฒฉ๋™์—ผ์˜ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ตœ๊ณ  ํ˜ˆ๋‹น >7.2mM(>130mg.dl (-1)(P = 0.039)์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Our data support the hypothesis that postoperative hyperglycemia is a risk factor for the development of mediastinitis in infants and children following cardiac surgery.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น์ฆ์ด ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ ์˜์œ ์•„์˜ ์ข…๊ฒฉ๋™์—ผ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์ธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,077,622
Is definitive establishment of airway control critical for optimal outcome in lower cervical spinal cord injury?
{ "contexts": [ "Respiratory complications can undermine outcome from low cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) (C5-T1). Most devastating of these is catastrophic loss of airway control. This study sought to determine the incidence and effect of catastrophic airway loss (CLA) and to define the need for elective intubation with subsequent tracheostomy to prevent potentially fatal outcomes.", "A database of 54,838 consecutive patients treated in a level I trauma center between January 1988 and December 2004 was queried to identify patients with low cervical SCI, without traumatic brain injury. Patients were then stratified into complete or incomplete SCI groups, based on clinical assessment of their SCI. Mortality, age, injury severity, need for intubation, and tracheostomy were analyzed for each group using Fisher's exact test or Student's t test, as appropriate, accepting p < 0.05 as significant.", "One hundred eighty-six patients met inclusion criteria. The majority of low cervical spinal cord injuries were complete (58%). Overall, 127 (68%) patients required intubation, 88 (69%) required tracheostomy, and 27 died (15% of study population). Between each group there were significant differences in age and Injury Severity Score, however, within each group there were no significant differences in either. Eleven CSCI patients were not intubated; four of whom were at family request. Six of the remaining seven patients encountered fatal catastrophic airway loss. One patient was discharged to rehabilitation. Patients with incomplete SCI required intubation less frequently (38%); however, 50% of those required tracheostomy for intractable pulmonary failure." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adolescent", "Adult", "Apnea", "Cervical Vertebrae", "Child", "Cross-Sectional Studies", "Female", "Humans", "Incidence", "Injury Severity Score", "Intensive Care Units", "Intubation, Intratracheal", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Respiratory Insufficiency", "Resuscitation", "Retrospective Studies", "Spinal Cord Injuries", "Spinal Fractures", "Survival Rate", "Tracheostomy" ] }
These data indicate that regardless of severity of low cervical SCI, immediate, thorough evaluation for respiratory failure is necessary. Early intubation is mandatory for CSCI patients. For incomplete patients evidence of respiratory failure should prompt immediate airway intervention, half of whom will require tracheostomy.
yes
pub_med_qa40115
[ { "content": "ํ•˜๋ถ€ ๊ฒฝ์ถ” ์ฒ™์ˆ˜ ์†์ƒ์—์„œ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ๋„ ์กฐ์ ˆ์˜ ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ํ™•๋ฆฝ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\nํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ์€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒฝ์ถ” ์ฒ™์ˆ˜ ์†์ƒ(SCI)(C5-T1)์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐ๋„ ์กฐ์ ˆ์˜ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ์ƒ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋„ ์†์‹ค(CLA)์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ฅ ๊ณผ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ , ์ž ์žฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ›„์† ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ ˆ๊ฐœ์ˆ ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์„ ํƒ์  ์‚ฝ๊ด€์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n1988๋…„ 1์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2004๋…„ 12์›”๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ I ์™ธ์ƒ ์„ผํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฐ›์€ 54,838๋ช…์˜ ์—ฐ์† ํ™˜์ž ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์กฐํšŒํ•˜์—ฌ ์™ธ์ƒ์„ฑ ๋‡Œ ์†์ƒ ์—†์ด ์ž๊ถ๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ SCI๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ SCI์˜ ์ž„์ƒ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์™„์ „ํ•œ SCI ๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ณผ ๋ถˆ์™„์ „ํ•œ SCI ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ , ๋‚˜์ด, ์†์ƒ์˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐ์„ฑ, ์‚ฝ๊ด€ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ ˆ๊ฐœ์ˆ ์€ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ”ผ์…”์˜ ์ •ํ™• ๊ฒ€์ • ๋˜๋Š” ์ŠคํŠœ๋˜ํŠธ์˜ t ๊ฒ€์ •์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, p < 0.05๋ฅผ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n166๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ถฉ์กฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ €๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ ์ฒ™์ˆ˜ ์†์ƒ์€ ์™„์ „ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(58%). ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ 127๋ช…(68%)์˜ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์‚ฝ๊ด€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ๊ณ , 88๋ช…(69%)์ด ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ ˆ๊ฐœ์ˆ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 27๋ช…(์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ 15%)์ด ์‚ฌ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ น๊ณผ ๋ถ€์ƒ ์‹ฌ๊ฐ๋„ ์ ์ˆ˜์— ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 11๋ช…์˜ CSCI ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ์‚ฝ๊ด€๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ์ค‘ 4๋ช…์€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์š”์ฒญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฝ๊ด€๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ 7๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž ์ค‘ 6๋ช…์€ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋„ ์†์‹ค์„ ๊ฒช์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ์žฌํ™œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ‡ด์›ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. SCI๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ์™„์ „ํ•œ ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ์‚ฝ๊ด€ ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•˜์ง€๋งŒ(38%), ๋‚œ์น˜์„ฑ ํ๋ถ€์ „์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ ˆ๊ฐœ์ˆ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํ™˜์ž๋Š” 50%์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
These data indicate that regardless of severity of low cervical SCI, immediate, thorough evaluation for respiratory failure is necessary. Early intubation is mandatory for CSCI patients. For incomplete patients evidence of respiratory failure should prompt immediate airway intervention, half of whom will require tracheostomy.
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒฝ์ถ” SCI์˜ ์ค‘์ฆ๋„์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ํ˜ธํก ๋ถ€์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ฒ ์ €ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. CSCI ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์กฐ๊ธฐ ์‚ฝ๊ด€์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถˆ์™„์ „ํ•œ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ˜ธํก ๋ถ€์ „์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋„ ๊ฐœ์ž…์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ ˆ๊ฐœ์ˆ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,054,557
Is mutation or polymorphism of the CD20 gene associated with the response to R-CHOP in diffuse large B cell lymphoma patients?
{ "contexts": [ "Rituximab, a chimeric antibody targeted to the human CD20 molecule, is a major component of the R-CHOP protocol used to treat patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). It is also a very expensive drug. Though the response rate of R-CHOP is higher than that of CHOP alone, patients may still experience a poor response. One possible mechanism that may mediate the poor response to R-CHOP is poor binding of the drug to the CD20 molecule, perhaps due to mutations or polymorphisms of the CD20 gene that affect its structure. To test this hypothesis and perhaps define a new predictor of R-CHOP response, our pilot study evaluated the CD20 gene sequence from patients exhibiting a poor outcome to R-CHOP.", "Eleven patients with DLBCL who exhibited a recurrence of their disease and/or died within 24 months of R-CHOP treatment were categorized as showing poor progression-free survival (poor outcomes). Paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from the original tumors were evaluated for mutations or polymorphisms of the CD20 gene. Furthermore, sections from these patients and as well as from matched control patients who were categorized as good outcome patients (no progression of their disease within 36 months) were stained with anti-CD20 antibody and compared for CD20 protein expression.", "DNA sequence analyses revealed that no mutations were observed in DNA from the coding region of the CD20 gene in any of the initial tumors from 11 patients who showed poor outcomes with R-CHOP therapy. One case showed a synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism in exon 2 (C216T; rs2070770; Ile>>Ile). No significant differences in CD20 expression was observed between good and poor outcome patients with R-CHOP." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Aged", "Aged, 80 and over", "Antibodies, Monoclonal", "Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived", "Antigens, CD20", "Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols", "Base Sequence", "Cyclophosphamide", "DNA Primers", "Doxorubicin", "Female", "Humans", "Immunohistochemistry", "Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Mutation", "Polymerase Chain Reaction", "Polymorphism, Genetic", "Prednisone", "Rituximab", "Vincristine" ] }
Our results do not support association of CD20 mutations in specimens of the initial tumor or structural polymorphisms of the CD20 gene with patients who exhibited poor outcomes to R-CHOP.
no
pub_med_qa40116
[ { "content": "CD20 ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ์ด ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์„ฑ ํฐ B์„ธํฌ ๋ฆผํ”„์ข… ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ R-CHOP์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๋ฆฌํˆญ์‹œ๋ง™์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„ CD20 ๋ถ„์ž๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ‚ค๋ฉ”๋ผ ํ•ญ์ฒด๋กœ, ํ™•์‚ฐ์„ฑ ํฐ B์„ธํฌ ๋ฆผํ”„์ข…(DLBCL) ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” R-CHOP ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น„์‹ผ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. R-CHOP์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘๋ฅ ์€ CHOP ๋‹จ๋…๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์ง€๋งŒ, ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. R-CHOP์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์ค‘์žฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์€ CD20 ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•˜๊ณ  R-CHOP ๋ฐ˜์‘์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์˜ˆ์ธก ์ธ์ž๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ํŒŒ์ผ๋Ÿฟ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” R-CHOP์— ๋‚˜์œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ CD20 ์œ ์ „์ž ์„œ์—ด์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ์žฌ๋ฐœํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ R-CHOP ์น˜๋ฃŒ ํ›„ 24๊ฐœ์›” ์ด๋‚ด์— ์‚ฌ๋งํ•œ DLBCL ํ™˜์ž 11๋ช…์€ ๋ฌด์ง„ํ–‰ ์ƒ์กด์œจ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์Œ). ์›๋ž˜ ์ข…์–‘์˜ ํŒŒ๋ผํ•€์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์กฐ์ง ํ‘œ๋ณธ์„ CD20 ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค๊ณผ 36๊ฐœ์›” ์ด๋‚ด์— ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์–‘ํ˜ธํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ™˜์ž๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋œ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ ˆํŽธ์„ ํ•ญ-CD20 ํ•ญ์ฒด๋กœ ์—ผ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  CD20 ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ๋ฐœํ˜„๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\nDNA ์—ผ๊ธฐ์„œ์—ด ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, R-CHOP ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋‚˜์œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ 11๋ช…์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ข…์–‘์—์„œ CD20 ์œ ์ „์ž ์ฝ”๋”ฉ ์˜์—ญ์˜ DNA์—์„œ ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—์„œ๋Š” ์—‘์† 2(C216T; rs2070770; Ile>>Ile)์—์„œ ๋™์˜์–ด ๋‹จ์ผ ๋‰ดํด๋ ˆ์˜คํƒ€์ด๋“œ ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. R-CHOP ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋‚˜์œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” CD20 ๋ฐœํ˜„์— ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Our results do not support association of CD20 mutations in specimens of the initial tumor or structural polymorphisms of the CD20 gene with patients who exhibited poor outcomes to R-CHOP.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ข…์–‘ ๋˜๋Š” CD20 ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์—์„œ CD20 ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๊ฐ€ R-CHOP์— ๋‚˜์œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,081,790
Is the enhancement of the N1 wave elicited by sensory stimuli presented at very short inter-stimulus intervals a general feature across sensory systems?
{ "contexts": [ "A paradoxical enhancement of the magnitude of the N1 wave of the auditory event-related potential (ERP) has been described when auditory stimuli are presented at very short (< 400 ms) inter-stimulus intervals (ISI). Here, we examined whether this enhancement is specific for the auditory system, or whether it also affects ERPs elicited by stimuli belonging to other sensory modalities.", "We recorded ERPs elicited by auditory and somatosensory stimuli in 13 healthy subjects. For each sensory modality, 4800 stimuli were presented. Auditory stimuli consisted in brief tones presented binaurally, and somatosensory stimuli consisted in constant-current electrical pulses applied to the right median nerve. Stimuli were delivered continuously, and the ISI was varied randomly between 100 and 1000 ms. We found that the ISI had a similar effect on both auditory and somatosensory ERPs. In both sensory modalities, ISI had an opposite effect on the magnitude of the N1 and P2 waves: the magnitude of the auditory and the somatosensory N1 was significantly increased at ISI < or = 200 ms, while the magnitude of the auditory and the somatosensory P2 was significantly decreased at ISI < or = 200 ms." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Acoustic Stimulation", "Adult", "Evoked Potentials, Auditory", "Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory", "Female", "Humans", "Male", "Models, Biological", "Sense Organs", "Time Factors" ] }
The observation that both the auditory and the somatosensory N1 are enhanced at short ISIs indicates that this phenomenon reflects a physiological property that is common across sensory systems, rather than, as previously suggested, unique for the auditory system. Two of the hypotheses most frequently put forward to explain this observation, namely (i) the decreased contribution of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials to the recorded scalp ERPs and (ii) the decreased contribution of 'latent inhibition', are discussed. Because neither of these two hypotheses can satisfactorily account for the concomitant reduction of the auditory and the somatosensory P2, we propose a third, novel hypothesis, consisting in the modulation of a single neural component contributing to both the N1 and the P2 waves.
yes
pub_med_qa40117
[ { "content": "๋งค์šฐ ์งง์€ ์ž๊ทน ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ž๊ทน์— ์˜ํ•ด ์œ ๋„๋˜๋Š” N1 ํŒŒ๋™์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ•์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํŠน์ง•์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ฒญ๊ฐ ์ž๊ทน์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์งง์€(< 400ms) ์ž๊ทน ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ(ISI)์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ๋•Œ, ์ฒญ๊ฐ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๊ด€๋ จ ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ(ERP)์˜ N1 ํŒŒ๋™ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์—ญ์„ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์„ค๋ช…๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ฒญ๊ฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ํŠน์ด์ ์ธ์ง€, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์–‘์‹์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๊ทน์— ์˜ํ•ด ์œ ๋„๋˜๋Š” ERP์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n13๋ช…์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ํ”ผํ—˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒญ๊ฐ ๋ฐ ์ฒด์„ฑ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ž๊ทน์— ์˜ํ•ด ์œ ๋„๋œ ERP๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋ชจ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด 4800๊ฐœ์˜ ์ž๊ทน์ด ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒญ๊ฐ ์ž๊ทน์€ ๋ฐ”์ด๋…ธ๋Ÿด๋กœ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ์งง์€ ํ†ค์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ฒด์„ฑ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ž๊ทน์€ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ์ค‘์•™ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์— ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ์ •์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ „๊ธฐ ํŽ„์Šค๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž๊ทน์€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ISI๋Š” 100~1000ms ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ISI๊ฐ€ ์ฒญ๊ฐ ๋ฐ ์ฒด์„ฑ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ERP ๋ชจ๋‘์— ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋ชจ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ISI๋Š” N1ํŒŒ์™€ P2ํŒŒ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ์ฒญ๊ฐ ๋ฐ ์ฒด์„ฑ ๊ฐ๊ฐ N1์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ISI < ๋˜๋Š” = 200ms์—์„œ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ฒญ๊ฐ ๋ฐ ์ฒด์„ฑ ๊ฐ๊ฐ P2์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ISI < ๋˜๋Š” = 200ms์—์„œ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
The observation that both the auditory and the somatosensory N1 are enhanced at short ISIs indicates that this phenomenon reflects a physiological property that is common across sensory systems, rather than, as previously suggested, unique for the auditory system. Two of the hypotheses most frequently put forward to explain this observation, namely (i) the decreased contribution of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials to the recorded scalp ERPs and (ii) the decreased contribution of 'latent inhibition', are discussed. Because neither of these two hypotheses can satisfactorily account for the concomitant reduction of the auditory and the somatosensory P2, we propose a third, novel hypothesis, consisting in the modulation of a single neural component contributing to both the N1 and the P2 waves.
์งง์€ ISI์—์„œ ์ฒญ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ฒด์„ฑ ๊ฐ๊ฐ N1์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ด€์ฐฐ์€ ์ด ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์ด์ „์— ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ฒญ๊ฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๊ณ ์œ ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž์ฃผ ์ œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ€์„ค, ์ฆ‰ (i) ๊ธฐ๋ก๋œ ๋‘ํ”ผ ERP์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–ต์ œ์„ฑ ์‹œ๋ƒ…์Šค ํ›„ ์ „์œ„์˜ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์™€ (ii) '์ž ์žฌ ์–ต์ œ'์˜ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ€์„ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ฒญ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ฒด์„ฑ ๊ฐ๊ฐ P2์˜ ๋™๋ฐ˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ์กฑ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” N1ํŒŒ์™€ P2ํŒŒ ๋ชจ๋‘์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ผ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,065,561
Does solder doped polycaprolactone scaffold enable reproducible laser tissue soldering?
{ "contexts": [ "In this in vitro feasibility study we analyzed tissue fusion using bovine serum albumin (BSA) and Indocyanine green (ICG) doped polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds in combination with a diode laser as energy source while focusing on the influence of irradiation power and albumin concentration on the resulting tensile strength and induced tissue damage.", "A porous PCL scaffold doped with either 25% or 40% (w/w) of BSA in combination with 0.1% (w/w) ICG was used to fuse rabbit aortas. Soldering energy was delivered through the vessel from the endoluminal side using a continuous wave diode laser at 808 nm via a 400 microm core fiber. Scaffold surface temperatures were analyzed with an infrared camera. Optimum parameters such as irradiation time, radiation power and temperature were determined in view of maximum tensile strength but simultaneously minimum thermally induced tissue damage. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was performed to measure the influence of PCL on the denaturation temperature of BSA.", "Optimum parameter settings were found to be 60 seconds irradiation time and 1.5 W irradiation power resulting in tensile strengths of around 2,000 mN. Corresponding scaffold surface temperature was 117.4+/- 12 degrees C. Comparison of the two BSA concentration revealed that 40% BSA scaffold resulted in significant higher tensile strength compared to the 25%. At optimum parameter settings, thermal damage was restricted to the adventitia and its interface with the outermost layer of the tunica media. The DSC showed two endothermic peaks in BSA containing samples, both strongly depending on the water content and the presence of PCL and/or ICG." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Animals", "Aorta", "Calorimetry, Differential Scanning", "Cattle", "Feasibility Studies", "In Vitro Techniques", "Indocyanine Green", "Laser Coagulation", "Polyesters", "Rabbits", "Serum Albumin, Bovine", "Temperature", "Tensile Strength", "Tissue Scaffolds" ] }
Diode laser soldering of vascular tissue using BSA-ICG-PCL-scaffolds leads to strong and reproducible tissue bonds, with vessel damage limited to the adventitia. Higher BSA content results in higher tensile strengths. The DSC-measurements showed that BSA denaturation temperature is lowered by addition of water and/or ICG-PCL.
yes
pub_med_qa40118
[ { "content": "์†”๋” ๋„ํ•‘๋œ ํด๋ฆฌ์นดํ”„๋กœ๋ฝํ†ค ์Šค์บํด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์žฌํ˜„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ ˆ์ด์ € ์กฐ์ง ๋‚ฉ๋•œ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ด ์‹œํ—˜๊ด€ ๋‚ด ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์†Œ ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ ์•Œ๋ถ€๋ฏผ(BSA) ๋ฐ ์ธ๋„์‹œ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ(ICG) ๋„ํ•‘ ํด๋ฆฌ์นดํ”„๋กœ๋ฝํ†ค(PCL) ์Šค์บํด๋“œ์™€ ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ ๋ ˆ์ด์ €๋ฅผ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์›์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์ง ์œตํ•ฉ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์•Œ๋ถ€๋ฏผ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ์ธ์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋„์™€ ์œ ๋„๋œ ์กฐ์ง ์†์ƒ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n25% ๋˜๋Š” 40%(w/w)์˜ BSA์™€ 0.1%(w/w) ICG๊ฐ€ ๋„ํ•‘๋œ ๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ PCL ์Šค์บํด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ† ๋ผ ๋Œ€๋™๋งฅ์„ ์œตํ•ฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ฉ๋•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” 400๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์ฝ”์–ด ์„ฌ์œ ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด 808nm์—์„œ ์—ฐ์†ํŒŒ ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ ๋ ˆ์ด์ €๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚ด๊ฐ• ์ธก์—์„œ ์šฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์Šค์บํด๋“œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์˜จ๋„๋Š” ์ ์™ธ์„  ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ์ถœ๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ์˜จ๋„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ธ์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋„์™€ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ตœ์†Œ ์—ด ์œ ๋ฐœ ์กฐ์ง ์†์ƒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. PCL์ด BSA์˜ ๋ณ€์„ฑ ์˜จ๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฐจ๋“ฑ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ ์—ด๋Ÿ‰๊ณ„(DSC)๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์ตœ์ ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์„ค์ •์€ 60์ดˆ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ 1.5W ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ „๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์•ฝ 2,000mN์˜ ์ธ์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ์Šค์บํด๋“œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์˜จ๋„๋Š” 117.4+/- 12ยฐC์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ BSA ๋†๋„๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 40% BSA ์Šค์บํด๋“œ๊ฐ€ 25%์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ธ์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์„ค์ •์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ด ์†์ƒ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€์™€ ํŠœ๋‹ˆ์นด ๋งค์งˆ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์ธต๊ณผ์˜ ๊ณ„๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ์ œํ•œ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. DSC๋Š” ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ BSA์—์„œ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํก์—ด ํ”ผํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ถ„ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ PCL ๋ฐ/๋˜๋Š” ICG์˜ ์กด์žฌ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์˜์กดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Diode laser soldering of vascular tissue using BSA-ICG-PCL-scaffolds leads to strong and reproducible tissue bonds, with vessel damage limited to the adventitia. Higher BSA content results in higher tensile strengths. The DSC-measurements showed that BSA denaturation temperature is lowered by addition of water and/or ICG-PCL.
BSA-ICG-PCL ์Šค์บํด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ ๋ ˆ์ด์ € ๋‚ฉ๋•œ์€ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žฌํ˜„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์กฐ์ง ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์†์ƒ์€ ์™ธ์žฌ๋ถ€์—๋งŒ ๊ตญํ•œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. BSA ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์ธ์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. DSC ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋ฌผ ๋ฐ/๋˜๋Š” ICG-PCL์„ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด BSA ๋ณ€์„ฑ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,056,587
Do needle and surgical biopsy techniques differentially affect adipose tissue gene expression profiles?
{ "contexts": [ "Adipose tissue gene expression analysis in humans now provides a tremendous means to discover the physiopathologic gene targets critical for our understanding and treatment of obesity. Clinical studies are emerging in which adipose gene expression has been examined in hundreds of subjects, and it will be fundamentally important that these studies can be compared so that a common consensus can be reached and new therapeutic targets for obesity proposed.", "We studied the effect of the biopsy sampling methods (needle-aspirated and surgical) used in clinical investigation programs on the functional interpretation of adipose tissue gene expression profiles.", "A comparative microarray analysis of the different subcutaneous adipose tissue sampling methods was performed in age-matched lean (n = 19) and obese (n = 18) female subjects. Appropriate statistical (principal components analysis) and bioinformatic (FunNet) functional enrichment software were used to evaluate data. The morphology of adipose tissue samples obtained by needle-aspiration and surgical methods was examined by immunohistochemistry.", "Biopsy techniques influence the gene expression underlying the biological themes currently discussed in obesity (eg, inflammation, extracellular matrix, and metabolism). Immunohistochemistry experiments showed that the easier to obtain needle-aspirated biopsies poorly aspirate the fibrotic fraction of subcutaneous adipose tissue, resulting in an underrepresentation of the stroma-vascular fraction." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Biopsy", "Biopsy, Needle", "Case-Control Studies", "Female", "Gene Expression Profiling", "Humans", "Immunohistochemistry", "Middle Aged", "Obesity", "Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis", "Principal Component Analysis", "Thinness" ] }
The adipose tissue biopsy technique is an important caveat to consider when designing, interpreting, and, most important, comparing microarray experiments. These results will have crucial implications for the clinical and physiopathologic understanding of human obesity and therapeutic approaches.
yes
pub_med_qa40119
[ { "content": "๋ฐ”๋Š˜๊ณผ ์™ธ๊ณผ์  ์ƒ๊ฒ€ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์กฐ์ง ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ฐœํ˜„ ํ”„๋กœํ•„์— ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋‚˜์š”?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์กฐ์ง ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ฐœํ˜„ ๋ถ„์„์€ ์ด์ œ ๋น„๋งŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด์™€ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน๋ฐœ์„ฑ ์œ ์ „์ž ํ‘œ์ ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋ช…์˜ ํ”ผํ—˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•œ ์ž„์ƒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณตํ†ต๋œ ํ•ฉ์˜์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋น„๋งŒ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ํ‘œ์ ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž„์ƒ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฒ€ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋ง ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•(๋ฐ”๋Š˜ ํก์ธ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์ˆ )์ด ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์กฐ์ง ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ฐœํ˜„ ํ”„๋กœํ•„์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ํ•ด์„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์—ฐ๋ น matched ์ €์ง€๋ฐฉ(n = 19)๊ณผ ๋น„๋งŒ(n = 18) ์—ฌ์„ฑ ํ”ผํ—˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ”ผํ•˜ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์กฐ์ง ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋ง ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„๊ต ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์–ด๋ ˆ์ด ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ํ†ต๊ณ„(principal ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ๋ถ„์„)์™€ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ •๋ณดํ•™(FunNet) ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋Š˜ ํก์ธ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์–ป์€ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์กฐ์ง ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” ๋ฉด์—ญ์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n4)\n์ƒ๊ฒ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋น„๋งŒ์—์„œ ๋…ผ์˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์ฃผ์ œ(์˜ˆ: ์—ผ์ฆ, ์„ธํฌ ์™ธ ๊ธฐ์งˆ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ)์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ฐœํ˜„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฉด์—ญ์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•™ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋ฐ”๋Š˜ ํก์ธ ์ƒ๊ฒ€์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์–ป์„์ˆ˜๋ก ํ”ผํ•˜ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์„ฌ์œ ํ™” ๋ถ„ํš์ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ํก์ธ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๊ธฐ์งˆ-ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ๋ถ„ํš์ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
The adipose tissue biopsy technique is an important caveat to consider when designing, interpreting, and, most important, comparing microarray experiments. These results will have crucial implications for the clinical and physiopathologic understanding of human obesity and therapeutic approaches.
์ง€๋ฐฉ ์กฐ์ง ์ƒ๊ฒ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์–ด๋ ˆ์ด ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์„ค๊ณ„, ํ•ด์„ ๋ฐ ๋น„๊ตํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ฃผ์˜ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋น„๋งŒ๊ณผ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž„์ƒ์  ๋ฐ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์ดํ•ด์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,070,914
Is pro-hepcidin unable to degrade the iron exporter ferroportin unless maturated by a furin-dependent process?
{ "contexts": [ "The iron-regulatory peptide hepcidin is synthesized in the liver as an 84-aa pre-pro-hormone maturated by proteolysis through a consensus furin cleavage site to generate the bioactive 25-aa peptide secreted in the circulation. This peptide regulates iron export from enterocytes and macrophages by binding the membrane iron exporter, ferroportin, leading to its degradation. Whether pro-hepcidin could be secreted and reflect hepcidin levels remains an open question. However, the activity of the pro-peptide on ferroportin degradation has never been addressed.", "To answer this question, we produced recombinant pro-hepcidin, both the wild-type form and a furin cleavage site mutant, and tested their activity on ferroportin levels in macrophagic J774 cells. Furin activity was also modulated using furin inhibitor or siRNA-mediated furin mRNA knockdown.", "We found that pro-hepcidin could fully induce ferroportin degradation, but only when processed by furin to generate the mature hepcidin-25 form. Pro-hepcidin activity was abolished in the presence of furin inhibitor and diminished after siRNA-mediated knockdown of furin mRNA. Furthermore, the mutated version of pro-hepcidin was completely inefficient at degrading ferroportin in macrophages." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Animals", "Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides", "Cation Transport Proteins", "Cell Line", "Furin", "Hepcidins", "Macrophages", "Mice", "Protein Precursors" ] }
Our results demonstrate that pro-hepcidin lacks biological activity, unless fully maturated by a furin-dependent process to yield the bioactive 25-aa peptide.
yes
pub_med_qa40120
[ { "content": "ํ”„๋กœ-ํ—ต์‹œ๋”˜์€ ํ“จ๋ฆฐ ์˜์กด์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์ฒ  ์ˆ˜์ถœ์—…์ฒด์ธ ํŽ˜๋กœํฌ๋ฅดํ‹ด์„ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‚˜์š”?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ฒ  ์กฐ์ ˆ ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ ํ—ต์‹œ๋”˜์€ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ๋ถ„ํ•ด์— ์˜ํ•ด ์„ฑ์ˆ™๋œ 84-aa ํ”„๋ฆฌ-ํ”„๋กœ-ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํ•ฉ์˜๋œ ํ“จ๋ฆฐ ์ ˆ๋‹จ ๋ถ€์œ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆœํ™˜๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋น„๋˜๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑ 25-aa ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ๋Š” ๋ง‰ ์ฒ  ์ˆ˜์ถœ์ฒด์ธ ํŽ˜๋กœํฌ๋ฅดํ‹ด๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฅ์„ธํฌ์™€ ๋Œ€์‹์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ์ฒ  ์ˆ˜์ถœ์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒ ์˜ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋ฅผ ์œ ๋„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœ-ํ—ต์‹œ๋”˜์ด ๋ถ„๋น„๋˜์–ด ํ—ต์‹œ๋”˜ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ฏธํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ”„๋กœ-ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ํŽ˜๋กœํฌ๋ฅดํ‹ด ๋ถ„ํ•ด์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ์•„์ง ๋ฐํ˜€์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•ผ์ƒํ˜•๊ณผ ํ“จ๋ฆฐ ์ ˆ๋‹จ ๋ถ€์œ„ ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด์ธ ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ ํ”„๋กœ-ํ—ต์‹œ๋”˜์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ , ๋Œ€์‹์„ธํฌ J774 ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ํŽ˜๋กœํฌ๋ฅดํ‹ด ์ˆ˜์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™œ์„ฑ์„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ“จ๋ฆฐ ํ™œ์„ฑ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ํ“จ๋ฆฐ ์–ต์ œ์ œ ๋˜๋Š” siRNA ๋งค๊ฐœ ํ“จ๋ฆฐ mRNA ๋…น๋‹ค์šด์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์ ˆ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\nํ”„๋กœ-ํ—ต์‹œ๋”˜์ด ํŽ˜๋กœํฌ๋ฅดํ‹ด ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋ฅผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์œ ๋„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ํ“จ๋ฆฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ฑ์ˆ™ํ•œ ํ—ต์‹œ๋”˜-25 ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•  ๋•Œ๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœ-ํ—ต์‹œ๋”˜ ํ™œ์„ฑ์€ ํ“จ๋ฆฐ ์–ต์ œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ํ“จ๋ฆฐ mRNA์˜ siRNA ๋งค๊ฐœ ๋…น๋‹ค์šด ํ›„ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ํ”„๋กœ-ํ—ต์‹œ๋”˜์˜ ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด ๋ฒ„์ „์€ ๋Œ€์‹์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ํŽ˜๋กœํฌ๋ฅดํ‹ด์„ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋น„ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Our results demonstrate that pro-hepcidin lacks biological activity, unless fully maturated by a furin-dependent process to yield the bioactive 25-aa peptide.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ-ํ—ต์‹œ๋”˜์ด ์ƒ๋ฆฌํ™œ์„ฑ 25-aa ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ‘ธ๋ฆฐ ์˜์กด์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์— ์˜ํ•ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์„ฑ์ˆ™๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ํ™œ์„ฑ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,067,255
Does risk of subsequent dementia diagnoses vary by types of adjuvant chemotherapy in older women with breast cancer?
{ "contexts": [ "Little is known about long-term cognitive side effects of adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. We thus examined incidence of dementia diagnoses in older women diagnosed with breast cancer, stratified by types of chemotherapy regimen.", "We identified patients with incident dementia diagnoses through Medicare claims linked to the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) tumor registry data. The study population (n = 6,932) consisted of women at least 68 years of age, who were diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer from 1994 through 2002 in one of the SEER areas and received chemotherapy as part of their cancer treatment. Excluded were women with a diagnosis of dementia within the 3 years prior to their cancer diagnosis.", "Our sample comprised mostly white women. The mean age was 74. Fifty-seven percent were estrogen receptor positive. Over 70% had no comorbidity. The use of taxol and anthracycline-based treatments increased from mid-1990s to early 2000. Increasing age at cancer diagnosis, Black ethnicity, living in a census tract with lower level of education, and increasing number of comorbidities were associated with new claims of dementia diagnoses after chemotherapy. There was no significant association between types of chemotherapy agents and risk of subsequent dementia diagnoses." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Aged", "Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols", "Breast Neoplasms", "Chemotherapy, Adjuvant", "Dementia", "Female", "Humans", "Risk Factors", "SEER Program", "Survival Rate", "Treatment Outcome" ] }
No association was found between types of adjuvant chemotherapy agents for breast cancer and risk of new dementia diagnoses. Our findings suggest that concerns about post-chemotherapy dementia should not be a major factor in determining type of adjuvant chemotherapy regimen to prescribe for older women with breast cancer.
no
pub_med_qa40121
[ { "content": "์œ ๋ฐฉ์•”์„ ์•“๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ น ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ณด์กฐ ํ™”ํ•™ ์š”๋ฒ•์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์น˜๋งค ์ง„๋‹จ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ๊ฐ€์š”?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์œ ๋ฐฉ์•”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด์กฐ ํ™”ํ•™์š”๋ฒ•์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์ธ์ง€ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•” ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ณ ๋ น ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์น˜๋งค ์ง„๋‹จ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ฅ ์„ ํ™”ํ•™์š”๋ฒ• ์š”๋ฒ•์˜ ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ์•”์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์˜ ๊ฐ์‹œ, ์—ญํ•™ ๋ฐ ์ตœ์ข… ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ(SEER) ์ข…์–‘ ๋“ฑ๋ก ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ ๋ฉ”๋””์ผ€์–ด ์ฒญ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์น˜๋งค ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ธ๊ตฌ(n = 6,932๋ช…)๋Š” ์ตœ์†Œ 68์„ธ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋“ค์€ 1994๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2002๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ SEER ์ง€์—ญ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์—์„œ ์กฐ๊ธฐ ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•” ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์•” ์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ํ™”ํ•™ ์š”๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•” ์ง„๋‹จ ์ „ 3๋…„ ์ด๋‚ด์— ์น˜๋งค ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์€ ์ œ์™ธ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‰๊ท  ์—ฐ๋ น์€ 74์„ธ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 57%๋Š” ์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ์–‘์„ฑ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 70% ์ด์ƒ์€ ๋™๋ฐ˜ ์งˆํ™˜์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1990๋…„๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2000๋…„ ์ดˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ํƒ์†”๊ณผ ์•ˆํŠธ๋ผ์‚ฌ์ดํด๋ฆฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•” ์ง„๋‹จ ์‹œ ์—ฐ๋ น ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ํ‘์ธ ๋ฏผ์กฑ, ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ต์œก ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ, ๋™๋ฐ˜ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™ ์š”๋ฒ• ํ›„ ์น˜๋งค ์ง„๋‹จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ฃผ์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™”ํ•™ ์š”๋ฒ• ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์™€ ์ดํ›„ ์น˜๋งค ์ง„๋‹จ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
No association was found between types of adjuvant chemotherapy agents for breast cancer and risk of new dementia diagnoses. Our findings suggest that concerns about post-chemotherapy dementia should not be a major factor in determining type of adjuvant chemotherapy regimen to prescribe for older women with breast cancer.
์œ ๋ฐฉ์•” ๋ณด์กฐ ํ™”ํ•™์š”๋ฒ•์ œ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์™€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์น˜๋งค ์ง„๋‹จ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™์š”๋ฒ• ํ›„ ์น˜๋งค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•” ๋…ธ์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉํ•  ๋ณด์กฐ ํ™”ํ•™์š”๋ฒ• ์š”๋ฒ•์˜ ์œ ํ˜•์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ฃผ์š” ์š”์ธ์ด ๋˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,081,729
Is cardiac comorbidity a risk factor for mortality and morbidity following surgery for primary non-small cell lung cancer?
{ "contexts": [ "We examined the effect of cardiac comorbidity on mortality and postoperative complications following surgery for primary non-small cell lung cancer.", "Between October 2001 to December 2005, 1067 consecutive patients underwent lung resection for primary cancer within a single centre; patient data was collected prospectively. Two hundred and seventy-one patients had a history of cardiac comorbidity, which included 196 angina, 118 myocardial infarction, 36 revascularisation, 10 congestive cardiac failure and 19 rhythm disorders (numbers not mutually exclusive). To account for differences in case-mix we used logistic regression to develop a propensity score for cardiac comorbidity group membership and then performed a propensity-matched analysis. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to assess follow-up mortality.", "Patients with cardiac comorbidity were more likely to be hypertensive, have severe dyspnoea, diabetes, current or ex-smokers and were older. After performing propensity matching to account for these differences we successfully matched 199 patients with cardiac comorbidity to 398 patients with no cardiac history. There was no difference in in-hospital mortality (2.5% vs 3%, p=0.73), myocardial infarction (0.5% vs 0.3%, p>0.99), arrhythmia (15.6% vs 14.1%, p=0.62), renal failure (2% vs 1.5%, p=0.65), stroke (0.5% vs 0.3%, p>0.99), respiratory insufficiency (4% vs 3.3%, p=0.64), reintubation (1% vs 2.5%, p=0.35), tracheostomy (4% vs 7.8%, p=0.08), intensive care readmission (8.5% vs 6.5%, p=0.37) and length of stay (8 days vs 8 days, p=0.98). Three-year survival was similar (61.4% vs 56.2%, p=0.39). No differences in outcomes existed with different cardiac conditions." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Age Factors", "Aged", "Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung", "Cardiovascular Diseases", "Female", "Humans", "Hypertension", "Logistic Models", "Lung Neoplasms", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Neoplasm Staging", "Patient Selection", "Postoperative Complications", "Retrospective Studies", "Risk Assessment", "Smoking" ] }
With careful assessment and patient selection, patients with cardiac comorbidity were not found to be at increased risk of mortality and morbidity following lung resection for primary non-small cell lung cancer in a propensity-matched population.
no
pub_med_qa40122
[ { "content": "์›๋ฐœ์„ฑ ๋น„์†Œ์„ธํฌํ์•” ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ ์‹ฌ์žฅ ๋™๋ฐ˜ ์งˆํ™˜์ด ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ๊ณผ ์ดํ™˜์œจ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์›๋ฐœ์„ฑ ๋น„์†Œ์„ธํฌํ์•” ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ ์‹ฌ์žฅ ๋™๋ฐ˜ ์งˆํ™˜์ด ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ๊ณผ ์ดํ™˜์œจ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "passage" } ]
With careful assessment and patient selection, patients with cardiac comorbidity were not found to be at increased risk of mortality and morbidity following lung resection for primary non-small cell lung cancer in a propensity-matched population.
์‹ ์ค‘ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€์™€ ํ™˜์ž ์„ ํƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ฌ์žฅ ๋™๋ฐ˜ ์งˆํ™˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์„ฑํ–ฅ ์ผ์น˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์›๋ฐœ์„ฑ ๋น„์†Œ์„ธํฌํ์•”์˜ ํ ์ ˆ์ œ์ˆ  ํ›„ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ๊ณผ ์ดํ™˜์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,056,313
Does eRP correlate of selective attention and working memory capacities in children with ADHD and/or PDD-NOS?
{ "contexts": [ "We examined whether children (8-11 years) diagnosed with Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) showing primarily hyperactive behavior, differed in selective attention and working memory (WM) abilities.", "Healthy controls and children with ADHD, PDD-NOS or symptoms of both disorders (PDD/HD) (n=15 in each group) carried out a visual selective memory search task while their EEG was recorded from which event-related potentials were derived.", "Compared to the control group, all patient groups made more omissions while hyperactive children also exhibited more false alarms. Regarding the process of WM-controlled search, significant group differences in ERP data were found between the control group and each of the clinical groups." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Analysis of Variance", "Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity", "Child", "Child Development Disorders, Pervasive", "Electroencephalography", "Evoked Potentials, Visual", "Humans", "Memory, Short-Term", "Photic Stimulation", "Reaction Time", "Surveys and Questionnaires", "Time Factors" ] }
The results point to less efficient WM-functioning in all patient groups. Whereas the clinical groups differed from each other at the behavioral level as measured by questionnaires, no distinction between the clinical groups could be made with respect to performance or ERP measures of WM capacity and selective attention.
yes
pub_med_qa40123
[ { "content": "eRP๋Š” ADHD ๋ฐ/๋˜๋Š” PDD-NOS ์•„๋™์˜ ์„ ํƒ์  ์ฃผ์˜๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ž‘์—… ๊ธฐ์–ต ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ณผ์ž‰ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ํผ๋ฒ ์ด์‹œ๋ธŒ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ์žฅ์• (PDD-NOS) ๋˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์˜๋ ฅ ๊ฒฐํ•/๊ณผ์ž‰ ํ–‰๋™ ์žฅ์• (ADHD)๋กœ ์ง„๋‹จ๋ฐ›์€ ์•„๋™(8-11์„ธ)์ด ์„ ํƒ์  ์ฃผ์˜๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ž‘์—… ๊ธฐ์–ต(WM) ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์—์„œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ADHD, PDD-NOS ๋˜๋Š” ๋‘ ์งˆํ™˜(PDD/HD) ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด(๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ n=15)๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์„ ํƒ ๊ธฐ์–ต ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, EEG๋Š” ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ๋ก๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋ชจ๋“  ํ™˜์ž ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ ๋ˆ„๋ฝ์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์•˜๊ณ , ๊ณผ์ž‰ํ–‰๋™ ์•„๋™์—์„œ๋„ ์˜ค๊ฒฝ๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. WM ๋Œ€์กฐ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ ์ž„์ƒ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๊ฐ„์— ERP ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
The results point to less efficient WM-functioning in all patient groups. Whereas the clinical groups differed from each other at the behavioral level as measured by questionnaires, no distinction between the clinical groups could be made with respect to performance or ERP measures of WM capacity and selective attention.
๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ํ™˜์ž ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ WM ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž„์ƒ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๊ฐ„์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, WM ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์„ ํƒ์  ์ฃผ์˜๋ ฅ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋‚˜ ERP ์ธก์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ž„์ƒ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๊ฐ„์— ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,057,441
Do feasibility of weaning and direct extubation from open lung high-frequency ventilation in preterm infants?
{ "contexts": [ "High-frequency ventilation (HFV) is increasingly used in preterm infants, but data on weaning and extubation are limited. We aimed to establish if weaning the continuous distending pressure (CDP) below 8 cm H2O and the Fio2 below 0.30 is feasible in preterm infants on open lung HFV and if these settings result in successful extubation.", "Retrospective cohort study.", "Neonatal intensive care unit in a university hospital.", "Preterm infants ventilated and directly extubated from HFV between January 2003 and August 2005.", "Data on patient characteristics, ventilator settings, gas exchange, respiratory support after extubation and the number of patients failing extubation (i.e., reintubation within 48 hr) were retrospectively collected. Two hundred fourteen infants, accounting for 242 ventilation periods, were included in the study. The CDP, but not the Fio2, decreased significantly in the 24-hr period before extubation, resulting in a mean CDP of 6.8 +/- 1.6 cm H2O and a mean Fio2 of 0.25 at the time of extubation. At these settings, 193 (90%) infants were successfully extubated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that birth weight was the only independent variable positively associated with successful extubation." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Blood Gas Analysis", "Carbon Dioxide", "Cohort Studies", "Device Removal", "Feasibility Studies", "Female", "Follow-Up Studies", "High-Frequency Ventilation", "Humans", "Infant, Newborn", "Infant, Premature", "Intensive Care Units, Neonatal", "Intubation, Intratracheal", "Logistic Models", "Male", "Multivariate Analysis", "Pulmonary Gas Exchange", "Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn", "Respiratory Mechanics", "Retrospective Studies", "Risk Assessment", "Statistics, Nonparametric", "Survival Rate", "Treatment Outcome", "Ventilator Weaning" ] }
This study shows that weaning the CDP below 8 cm H2O with an Fio2 below 0.30 is feasible during open lung HFV and extubation at these settings can be successful in preterm infants. In our series, a 90% success rate was observed. The value of this approach should be prospectively compared with conventional weaning and extubation strategies.
yes
pub_med_qa40124
[ { "content": "์กฐ์‚ฐ์•„์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ ํ ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ํ™˜๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ด์œ ์‹๊ณผ ์ง์ ‘ ๋ฐœ๊ด€์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ํ™˜๊ธฐ(HFV)๋Š” ์กฐ์‚ฐ์•„์—์„œ ์ ์  ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด์œ ์‹๊ณผ ๋ฐœ๊ด€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ œํ•œ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ ํ HFV ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์กฐ์‚ฐ์•„์—์„œ 8cm H2O ์ดํ•˜์˜ ์—ฐ์† ํŒฝ์ฐฝ ์••๋ ฅ(CDP)๊ณผ 0.30 ์ดํ•˜์˜ Fio2๋ฅผ ์ด์œ ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ค์ •์ด ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\nํ›„ํ–ฅ์  ์ฝ”ํ˜ธํŠธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ.\n\n3)\n๋Œ€ํ•™๋ณ‘์› ์‹ ์ƒ์•„ ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค.\n\n4)\n2003๋…„ 1์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2005๋…„ 8์›”๊นŒ์ง€ ์กฐ์‚ฐ์•„๋“ค์ด HFV์—์„œ ์ง์ ‘ ์ธ๊ณตํ˜ธํก๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์•„๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n5)\nํ™˜์ž ํŠน์„ฑ, ์ธ๊ณตํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ์„ค์ •, ๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ตํ™˜, ๋ฐœ๊ด€ ํ›„ ํ˜ธํก ์ง€์› ๋ฐ ๋ฐœ๊ด€ ์‹คํŒจ ํ™˜์ž ์ˆ˜(์ฆ‰, 48์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ด๋‚ด ์žฌ์‚ฝ๊ด€)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ›„ํ–ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 242๊ฐœ์˜ ํ™˜๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” 24๋ช…์˜ ์˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ๊ด€ ์ „ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ CDP(Fio2๋Š” ์ œ์™ธ)๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœ๊ด€ ์‹œ์ ์˜ ํ‰๊ท  CDP๋Š” 6.8 +/- 1.6 cm H2O, ํ‰๊ท  Fio2๋Š” 0.25์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ค์ •์—์„œ 193๋ช…(90%)์˜ ์˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ด€๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ถœ์ƒ ์ฒด์ค‘์ด ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ๊ด€๊ณผ ๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋œ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋…๋ฆฝ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
This study shows that weaning the CDP below 8 cm H2O with an Fio2 below 0.30 is feasible during open lung HFV and extubation at these settings can be successful in preterm infants. In our series, a 90% success rate was observed. The value of this approach should be prospectively compared with conventional weaning and extubation strategies.
์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ ํ HFV ๋™์•ˆ Fio2๊ฐ€ 0.30 ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ธ 8cm H2O ์ดํ•˜์—์„œ CDP๋ฅผ ์ด์œ ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ด€์ด ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ์—์„œ๋Š” 90%์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต๋ฅ ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ด์œ ์‹ ๋ฐ ๋ฐœ๊ด€ ์ „๋žต๊ณผ ์ „ํ–ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๊ต๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,085,406
Do how depressive symptoms correlate with stigma perception of mental illness?
{ "contexts": [ "The aim of this study was to survey the attitudes of 115 patients with the diagnosis of somatoform pain disorder, toward anticipated discrimination and mental illness stigma and how it is influenced by depressive symptoms.", "115 consecutive in- and outpatients with somatoform pain disorder (mean age: 50 +/- 11 years; 62% female) from the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, were administered a modified 12-item version of Link's Perceived Stigma Questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory.", "With regard to close personal relationships, such as taking care of children or dating, somatoform pain patients showed a rather high perceived stigma score (over 70% for both items). Also nearly 70% think that 'most employers' would pass over the application of a psychiatric patient in favour of another applicant. The overall results show a significant correlation with depressive symptoms (r = 0.228 and p = 0.014)." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Austria", "Behavior", "Depression", "Fear", "Female", "Humans", "Inpatients", "Interpersonal Relations", "Male", "Mental Disorders", "Middle Aged", "Outpatients", "Pain", "Perception", "Prejudice", "Social Perception", "Somatoform Disorders", "Surveys and Questionnaires" ] }
Fear of stigma increases with depressive symptoms and both are a risk for treatment delay. The goal of future research should be the question how to reduce subjective stigma experiences of the patients affected in order to help them enter psychiatric treatment early and gain self-confidence and mental health back again.
yes
pub_med_qa40125
[ { "content": "์šฐ์šธ ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ์ •์‹  ์งˆํ™˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚™์ธ ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์ฒด์„ฑ ํ†ต์ฆ ์žฅ์•  ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ 115๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ณ„๊ณผ ์ •์‹  ์งˆํ™˜ ๋‚™์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒœ๋„์™€ ์šฐ์šธ ์ฆ์ƒ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”์ง€ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n๋นˆ ์˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜ํ•™ ๋ฐ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•™๊ณผ(ํ‰๊ท  ์—ฐ๋ น: 50์„ธ +/- 11์„ธ, 62% ์—ฌ์„ฑ)์—์„œ ์ฒด์„ฑ ํ†ต์ฆ ์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ 115๋ช…์˜ ์—ฐ์† ์ž…์› ๋ฐ ์™ธ๋ž˜ ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ Link์˜ ์ธ์ง€๋œ ๋‚™์ธ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€์™€ ๋ฒก ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ ์ธ๋ฒคํ† ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ •๋œ 12๊ฐœ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ๋ฒ„์ „์„ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์ž๋…€ ๋Œ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ์ดํŠธ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์นœ๋ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ฒด์„ฑ ํ†ต์ฆ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์ธ์ง€๋œ ๋‚™์ธ ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋†’์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค (๋‘ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ 70% ์ด์ƒ). ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์˜ 70%๊ฐ€ '๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ณ ์šฉ์ฃผ'๊ฐ€ ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์›์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋„˜๊ธธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์ฒด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์šฐ์šธ ์ฆ์ƒ(r = 0.228 ๋ฐ p = 0.014)๊ณผ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Fear of stigma increases with depressive symptoms and both are a risk for treatment delay. The goal of future research should be the question how to reduce subjective stigma experiences of the patients affected in order to help them enter psychiatric treatment early and gain self-confidence and mental health back again.
์šฐ์šธ ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋‚™์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์ง€์—ฐ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์ด ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์กฐ๊ธฐ์— ์ง„์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ •์‹  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์ธ ๋‚™์ธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,070,926
Does apelin signaling modulate splanchnic angiogenesis and portosystemic collateral vessel formation in rats with portal hypertension?
{ "contexts": [ "Angiogenesis is a pathological hallmark of portal hypertension. Although VEGF is considered to be the most important proangiogenic factor in neoangiogenesis, this process requires the coordinated action of a variety of factors. Identification of novel molecules involved in angiogenesis is highly relevant, since they may represent potential new targets to suppress pathological neovascularization in angiogenesis-related diseases like portal hypertension. The apelin/APJ signaling pathway plays a crucial role in angiogenesis. Therefore, we determined whether the apelin system modulates angiogenesis-driven processes in portal hypertension.", "Partial portal vein-ligated rats were treated with the APJ antagonist F13A for seven days. Splanchnic neovascularization and expression of angiogenesis mediators (Western blotting) was determined. Portosystemic collateral formation (microspheres), and hemodynamic parameters (flowmetry) were also assessed.", "Apelin and its receptor APJ were overexpressed in the splanchnic vasculature of portal hypertensive rats. F13A effectively decreased, by 52%, splanchnic neovascularization and expression of proangiogenic factors VEGF, PDGF and angiopoietin-2 in portal hypertensive rats. F13A also reduced, by 35%, the formation of portosystemic collateral vessels." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Animals", "Apelin", "Apelin Receptors", "Carrier Proteins", "Collateral Circulation", "Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases", "Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing)", "Hypertension, Portal", "Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins", "Male", "Myosin Light Chains", "Neovascularization, Physiologic", "Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III", "Phosphorylation", "Portal System", "Rats", "Rats, Sprague-Dawley", "Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled", "Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa", "Signal Transduction", "Splanchnic Circulation", "Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha" ] }
This study provides the first experimental evidence showing that the apelin/APJ system contributes to portosystemic collateralization and splanchnic neovascularization in portal hypertensive rats, presenting a potential novel therapeutic target for portal hypertension.
yes
pub_med_qa40126
[ { "content": "์•„ํŽ ๋ฆฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ๋งฅ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฅ์˜ ๋‚ด์žฅ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์‹ ์ƒ๊ณผ ๋ฌธ๋งฅ๊ณ„ ์ธก๋ถ€ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\nํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ์€ ๋ฌธ๋งฅ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••์˜ ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌํ•™์  ํŠน์ง•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. VEGF๋Š” ์‹ ์ƒํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ „ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ ์ธ์ž๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์˜ ์กฐ์ •๋œ ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ถ„์ž๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌธ๋งฅ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ ๊ด€๋ จ ์งˆํ™˜์—์„œ ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌํ•™์  ์‹ ์ƒํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ‘œ์ ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„ํŽ ๋ฆฐ/APJ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋Š” ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„ํŽ ๋ฆฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๋ฌธ๋งฅ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••์—์„œ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์œ ๋„๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ฌธ๋งฅ ๊ฒฐ์ฐฐ ์ฅ๋ฅผ APJ ๊ธธํ•ญ์ œ F13A๋กœ 7์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„์žฅ ์‹ ์ƒํ˜ˆ๊ด€ํ™” ๋ฐ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์‹ ์ƒ ๋งค๊ฐœ์ฒด์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„(์›จ์Šคํ„ด ๋ธ”๋กœํŒ…)์„ ์ธก์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ๋งฅ๊ณ„ ์ธก๋ถ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ(๋ฏธ์„ธ๊ตฌ)๊ณผ ํ˜ˆ๋ฅ˜์—ญํ•™์  ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜(์œ ๋Ÿ‰ ์ธก์ •)๋„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์•„ํŽ ๋ฆฐ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด APJ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๋งฅ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์•• ์ฅ์˜ ๋‚ด์žฅ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์—์„œ ๊ณผ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. F13A๋Š” ๋ฌธ๋งฅ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์•• ์ฅ์—์„œ ๋‚ด์žฅ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์‹ ์ƒํ™” ๋ฐ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์‹ ์ƒ ์ธ์ž VEGF, PDGF ๋ฐ ์•ˆ์ง€์˜คํฌ์ด์—ํ‹ด-2์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ 52% ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ F13A๋Š” ๋ฌธ๋งฅ๊ณ„ ์ธก๋ถ€ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ 35% ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
This study provides the first experimental evidence showing that the apelin/APJ system contributes to portosystemic collateralization and splanchnic neovascularization in portal hypertensive rats, presenting a potential novel therapeutic target for portal hypertension.
์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์•„ํŽ ๋ฆฐ/APJ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๋ฌธ๋งฅ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์•• ์ฅ์˜ ๋ฌธ๋งฅ๊ณ„ ๋‹ด๋ณดํ™” ๋ฐ ๋‚ด๋ง‰ ์‹ ์ƒํ˜ˆ๊ด€ํ™”์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์  ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ๋งฅ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••์˜ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์น˜๋ฃŒ ํ‘œ์ ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,055,467
Is nitrated apolipoprotein A-I , a potential new cardiovascular marker , markedly increased in low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol subjects?
{ "contexts": [ "Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease. Recent work showed that high-density lipoproteins isolated from atherosclerotic lesions and blood of patients with established coronary artery disease contain elevated levels of nitrated apolipoprotein A-I. Methods to quantify nitrated apolipoprotein A-I in the plasma may facilitate in the determination of a correlation between plasma levels of nitrated apolipoprotein A-I and risk of atherosclerosis.", "In this report, the presence of plasma nitrated apolipoprotein A-I in subjects with cardiovascular disease was detected by Western blot analysis and quantified by a newly developed specific sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.", "The precision of the assay was indicated by the good correlation obtained between enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot (r(2)=0.96). Using these two methods, we were able to detect significant elevations (3-fold increase) of plasma nitrated apolipoprotein A-I in low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol subjects as compared to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol subjects. In addition, we found that both plasma and serum samples can be used by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantify nitrated apolipoprotein A-I concentrations. More importantly, the degree of nitrated apolipoprotein A-I-containing high-density lipoprotein particles was negatively correlated with levels of circulating apolipoprotein A-I." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Apolipoprotein A-I", "Biomarkers", "Blotting, Western", "Cholesterol, HDL", "Coronary Artery Disease", "Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay", "Female", "Humans", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Nitrates", "Reproducibility of Results", "Young Adult" ] }
Measurement of nitrated apolipoprotein A-I levels by this rapid and reproducible new method has the advantages of great sensitivity with no sample manipulations, thus we suggest that this novel method could be useful to monitor levels of circulating nitrated apolipoprotein A-I in order to investigate its value as a potential biological marker for inflammatory vascular disease.
yes
pub_med_qa40127
[ { "content": "์ €๋ฐ€๋„ ์ง€๋‹จ๋ฐฑ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค ํ”ผํ—˜์ž์—์„œ ์งˆํ™”๋œ ์•„ํฌ์ง€๋‹จ๋ฐฑ A-I, ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์ง€ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์ €ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์‚ฐํ™” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋Š” ๊ด€์ƒ๋™๋งฅ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ ๊ธฐ์ „์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ๊ด€์ƒ๋™๋งฅ ์งˆํ™˜์ด ํ™•๋ฆฝ๋œ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๋™๋งฅ๊ฒฝํ™” ๋ณ‘๋ณ€๊ณผ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ ๊ณ ๋ฐ€๋„ ์ง€๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์—๋Š” ์งˆ์‚ฐ์—ผ ์•„ํฌ์ง€๋‹จ๋ฐฑ A-I ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜ˆ์žฅ ๋‚ด ์งˆ์‚ฐ์—ผ ์•„ํฌ์ง€๋‹จ๋ฐฑ A-I๋ฅผ ์ •๋Ÿ‰ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์งˆ์‚ฐ์—ผ ์•„ํฌ์ง€๋‹จ๋ฐฑ A-I์˜ ํ˜ˆ์žฅ ์ˆ˜์น˜์™€ ๋™๋งฅ๊ฒฝํ™” ์œ„ํ—˜ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์งˆํ™˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํ”ผํ—˜์ž์—์„œ ํ˜ˆ์žฅ ์งˆํ™”๋œ ์•„ํฌ์ง€๋‹จ๋ฐฑ A-I์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ์›จ์Šคํ„ด ๋ธ”๋กฏ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒ€์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ํŠน์ • ์ƒŒ๋“œ์œ„์น˜ ํšจ์†Œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๋ฉด์—ญ ํก์ฐฉ ๋ถ„์„๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋Ÿ‰ํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n๋ถ„์„์˜ ์ •ํ™•์„ฑ์€ ํšจ์†Œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๋ฉด์—ญ ํก์ฐฉ ๋ถ„์„๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์›จ์Šคํ„ด ๋ธ”๋กฏ(r(2)=0.96) ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ข‹์€ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ €๋ฐ€๋„ ์ง€๋‹จ๋ฐฑ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค ํ”ผํ—˜์ž์—์„œ ๊ณ ๋ฐ€๋„ ์ง€๋‹จ๋ฐฑ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค ํ”ผํ—˜์ž์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ํ˜ˆ์žฅ ์งˆํ™”๋œ ์•„ํฌ์ง€๋‹จ๋ฐฑ A-I์˜ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ƒ์Šน(3๋ฐฐ ์ฆ๊ฐ€)์„ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ํšจ์†Œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๋ฉด์—ญ ํก์ฐฉ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ˜ˆ์žฅ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๊ณผ ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์งˆํ™”๋œ ์•„ํฌ์ง€๋‹จ๋ฐฑ A-I ๋†๋„๋ฅผ ์ •๋Ÿ‰ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์งˆํ™”๋œ ์•„ํฌ์ง€๋‹จ๋ฐฑ A-I ํ•จ์œ  ๊ณ ๋ฐ€๋„ ์ง€๋‹จ๋ฐฑ ์ž…์ž์˜ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์ˆœํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์•„ํฌ์ง€๋‹จ๋ฐฑ A-I ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ์Œ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Measurement of nitrated apolipoprotein A-I levels by this rapid and reproducible new method has the advantages of great sensitivity with no sample manipulations, thus we suggest that this novel method could be useful to monitor levels of circulating nitrated apolipoprotein A-I in order to investigate its value as a potential biological marker for inflammatory vascular disease.
์ด ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žฌํ˜„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์งˆํ™”๋œ ์•„ํฌ์ง€๋‹จ๋ฐฑ A-I ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ ์กฐ์ž‘ ์—†์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์ˆœํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์งˆํ™”๋œ ์•„ํฌ์ง€๋‹จ๋ฐฑ A-I ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋งํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ผ์ฆ์„ฑ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๋งˆ์ปค๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,067,528
Does smokeless nicotine exposure have no lasting effect on fasting or postglucose circulation leptin in young rats?
{ "contexts": [ "Nicotine exposure has been associated with weight loss and reduced weight gain. Previously, we have reported that nicotine exposure in rats is associated with reduced weight gain, unless diets are rigidly controlled. Leptin, a hormone released by adipose tissue, is believed to have appetite suppressant effects. We used a smokeless tobacco model to study leptin responses to nicotine or placebo treatment.", "We studied 6-week-old male and female Sprague-Dawley rats, and implanted 50 mg of nicotine or placebo pellets. Weight gain was controlled by chow restriction in all four groups of rats. Systolic blood pressure was measured noninvasively, and glucose, insulin, free fatty acid, and leptin responses to an oral glucose load were determined at 8.5 weeks of age.", "Males were generally heavier than females, both before and after nicotine or placebo placement; there was no difference in weight between nicotine and placebo groups for each sex. Blood pressure was slightly, but not significantly, increased by nicotine treatment. Glucose, insulin, free fatty acid, and leptin responses to glucose were essentially unaffected by nicotine treatment." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Animals", "Blood Pressure", "Fasting", "Fatty Acids", "Female", "Glucose", "Glucose Tolerance Test", "Insulin", "Leptin", "Male", "Nicotine", "Placebos", "Rats", "Rats, Sprague-Dawley", "Time Factors" ] }
In summary, smokeless nicotine at this dose has no significant effect on fasting or postglucose leptin values in sexually immature male and female rats.
yes
pub_med_qa40128
[ { "content": "๋ฌด์—ฐ ๋‹ˆ์ฝ”ํ‹ด ๋…ธ์ถœ์ด ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์ฅ์˜ ๊ณต๋ณต ๋˜๋Š” ํฌ๋„๋‹น ์ˆœํ™˜ ํ›„ ๋ ™ํ‹ด์— ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๋‹ˆ์ฝ”ํ‹ด ๋…ธ์ถœ์€ ์ฒด์ค‘ ๊ฐ์†Œ ๋ฐ ์ฒด์ค‘ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ „์— ์ฅ์˜ ๋‹ˆ์ฝ”ํ‹ด ๋…ธ์ถœ์€ ์‹๋‹จ์„ ์—„๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ ์ฒด์ค‘ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์กฐ์ง์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋น„๋˜๋Š” ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์ธ ๋ ™ํ‹ด์€ ์‹์š• ์–ต์ œ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ˆ์ฝ”ํ‹ด์ด๋‚˜ ์œ„์•ฝ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ ™ํ‹ด ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌด์—ฐ ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์ƒํ›„ 6์ฃผ ๋œ ์ˆ˜์ปท ๋ฐ ์•”์ปท Sprague-Dawley ์ฅ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ˆ์ฝ”ํ‹ด ๋˜๋Š” ์œ„์•ฝ ํŽ ๋ฆฟ 50mg์„ ์ด์‹ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒด์ค‘ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋„ค ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ์ฅ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์‹์‚ฌ ์ œํ•œ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ ˆ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ถ•๊ธฐ ํ˜ˆ์••์€ ๋น„์นจ์Šต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 8.5์ฃผ๋ น์— ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น ๋ถ€ํ•˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํฌ๋„๋‹น, ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ, ์œ ๋ฆฌ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์‚ฐ ๋ฐ ๋ ™ํ‹ด ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n๋‹ˆ์ฝ”ํ‹ด์ด๋‚˜ ์œ„์•ฝ์„ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊ณผ ํ›„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์› ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์„ฑ๋ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ˆ์ฝ”ํ‹ด ๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ณผ ์œ„์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฒด์ค‘์—๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ˆ์ฝ”ํ‹ด ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ˜ˆ์••์ด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํฌ๋„๋‹น, ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ, ์œ ๋ฆฌ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์‚ฐ, ํฌ๋„๋‹น์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ ™ํ‹ด ๋ฐ˜์‘์€ ๋‹ˆ์ฝ”ํ‹ด ์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
In summary, smokeless nicotine at this dose has no significant effect on fasting or postglucose leptin values in sexually immature male and female rats.
์š”์•ฝํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ์ด ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ฌด์—ฐ ๋‹ˆ์ฝ”ํ‹ด์€ ์„ฑ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ์„ฑ์ˆ™ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ปท๊ณผ ์•”์ปท ์ฅ์˜ ๊ณต๋ณต ๋˜๋Š” ํฌ๋„๋‹น ํ›„ ๋ ™ํ‹ด ์ˆ˜์น˜์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,079,602
Does nicotine act on growth plate chondrocytes to delay skeletal growth through the alpha7 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor?
{ "contexts": [ "Cigarette smoking adversely affects endochondral ossification during the course of skeletal growth. Among a plethora of cigarette chemicals, nicotine is one of the primary candidate compounds responsible for the cause of smoking-induced delayed skeletal growth. However, the possible mechanism of delayed skeletal growth caused by nicotine remains unclarified. In the last decade, localization of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), a specific receptor of nicotine, has been widely detected in non-excitable cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that nicotine affect growth plate chondrocytes directly and specifically through nAChR to delay skeletal growth.", "We investigated the effect of nicotine on human growth plate chondrocytes, a major component of endochondral ossification. The chondrocytes were derived from extra human fingers. Nicotine inhibited matrix synthesis and hypertrophic differentiation in human growth plate chondrocytes in suspension culture in a concentration-dependent manner. Both human and murine growth plate chondrocytes expressed alpha7 nAChR, which constitutes functional homopentameric receptors. Methyllycaconitine (MLA), a specific antagonist of alpha7 nAChR, reversed the inhibition of matrix synthesis and functional calcium signal by nicotine in human growth plate chondrocytes in vitro. To study the effect of nicotine on growth plate in vivo, ovulation-controlled pregnant alpha7 nAChR +/- mice were given drinking water with or without nicotine during pregnancy, and skeletal growth of their fetuses was observed. Maternal nicotine exposure resulted in delayed skeletal growth of alpha7 nAChR +/+ fetuses but not in alpha7 nAChR -/- fetuses, implying that skeletal growth retardation by nicotine is specifically mediated via fetal alpha7 nAChR." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Alginates", "Animals", "Bone Development", "Calcium", "Calcium Signaling", "Cells, Cultured", "Chondrocytes", "Female", "Gels", "Glucuronic Acid", "Growth Plate", "Hexuronic Acids", "Humans", "Maternal Exposure", "Mice", "Microspheres", "Mutation", "Nicotine", "Protein Subunits", "Protein Transport", "Receptors, Nicotinic", "Sepharose", "Time Factors", "alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor" ] }
These results suggest that nicotine, from cigarette smoking, acts directly on growth plate chondrocytes to decrease matrix synthesis, suppress hypertrophic differentiation via alpha7 nAChR, leading to delayed skeletal growth.
yes
pub_med_qa40129
[ { "content": "๋‹ˆ์ฝ”ํ‹ด์ด ์•ŒํŒŒ7 ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ๋‹ˆ์ฝ”ํ‹ด ์•„์„ธํ‹ธ์ฝœ๋ฆฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์ง€์—ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์„ฑ์žฅํŒ ์—ฐ๊ณจ์„ธํฌ์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "๋‹ˆ์ฝ”ํ‹ด์ด ์•ŒํŒŒ7 ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ๋‹ˆ์ฝ”ํ‹ด ์•„์„ธํ‹ธ์ฝœ๋ฆฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์ง€์—ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์„ฑ์žฅํŒ ์—ฐ๊ณจ์„ธํฌ์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "passage" } ]
These results suggest that nicotine, from cigarette smoking, acts directly on growth plate chondrocytes to decrease matrix synthesis, suppress hypertrophic differentiation via alpha7 nAChR, leading to delayed skeletal growth.
์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ ํก์—ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋‹ˆ์ฝ”ํ‹ด์ด ์„ฑ์žฅํŒ ์—ฐ๊ณจ์„ธํฌ์— ์ง์ ‘ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์งˆ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ์•ŒํŒŒ7 nAChR์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋น„๋Œ€ ๋ถ„ํ™”๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์ง€์—ฐ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,079,608
Does modulation of macrophage activation state protect tissue from necrosis during critical limb ischemia in thrombospondin-1-deficient mice?
{ "contexts": [ "Macrophages, key regulators of healing/regeneration processes, strongly infiltrate ischemic tissues from patients suffering from critical limb ischemia (CLI). However pro-inflammatory markers correlate with disease progression and risk of amputation, suggesting that modulating macrophage activation state might be beneficial. We previously reported that thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is highly expressed in ischemic tissues during CLI in humans. TSP-1 is a matricellular protein that displays well-known angiostatic properties in cancer, and regulates inflammation in vivo and macrophages properties in vitro. We therefore sought to investigate its function in a mouse model of CLI.", "Using a genetic model of tsp-1(-/-) mice subjected to femoral artery excision, we report that tsp-1(-/-) mice were clinically and histologically protected from necrosis compared to controls. Tissue protection was associated with increased postischemic angiogenesis and muscle regeneration. We next showed that macrophages present in ischemic tissues exhibited distinct phenotypes in tsp-1(-/-) and wt mice. A strong reduction of necrotic myofibers phagocytosis was observed in tsp-1(-/-) mice. We next demonstrated that phagocytosis of muscle cell debris is a potent pro-inflammatory signal for macrophages in vitro. Consistently with these findings, macrophages that infiltrated ischemic tissues exhibited a reduced postischemic pro-inflammatory activation state in tsp-1(-/-) mice, characterized by a reduced Ly-6C expression and a less pro-inflammatory cytokine expression profile. Finally, we showed that monocyte depletion reversed clinical and histological protection from necrosis observed in tsp-1(-/-) mice, thereby demonstrating that macrophages mediated tissue protection in these mice." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Animals", "Endothelial Cells", "Hindlimb", "Inflammation Mediators", "Ischemia", "Macrophage Activation", "Macrophages", "Male", "Mice", "Mice, Inbred C57BL", "Monocytes", "Muscle Cells", "Necrosis", "Neovascularization, Pathologic", "Phagocytosis", "Signal Transduction", "Thrombospondin 1" ] }
This study defines targeting postischemic macrophage activation state as a new potential therapeutic approach to protect tissues from necrosis and promote tissue repair during CLI. Furthermore, our data suggest that phagocytosis plays a crucial role in promoting a deleterious intra-tissular pro-inflammatory macrophage activation state during critical injuries. Finally, our results describe TSP-1 as a new relevant physiological target during critical leg ischemia.
yes
pub_med_qa40130
[ { "content": "๋Œ€์‹์„ธํฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆ์ด ํŠธ๋กฌ๋ณด์Šคํฐ๋”˜-1 ๊ฒฐํ• ์ƒ์ฅ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ง€ ํ—ˆํ˜ˆ ๋™์•ˆ ์กฐ์ง์„ ๊ดด์‚ฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "๋Œ€์‹์„ธํฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆ์ด ํŠธ๋กฌ๋ณด์Šคํฐ๋”˜-1 ๊ฒฐํ• ์ƒ์ฅ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ง€ ํ—ˆํ˜ˆ ๋™์•ˆ ์กฐ์ง์„ ๊ดด์‚ฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "passage" } ]
This study defines targeting postischemic macrophage activation state as a new potential therapeutic approach to protect tissues from necrosis and promote tissue repair during CLI. Furthermore, our data suggest that phagocytosis plays a crucial role in promoting a deleterious intra-tissular pro-inflammatory macrophage activation state during critical injuries. Finally, our results describe TSP-1 as a new relevant physiological target during critical leg ischemia.
์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์กฐ์ง์„ ๊ดด์‚ฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž„์ƒ์‹œํ—˜(CLI) ์ค‘ ์กฐ์ง ๋ณต๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ž ์žฌ์  ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ—ˆํ˜ˆ์„ฑ ๋Œ€์‹์„ธํฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์‹์„ธํฌ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์†์ƒ ์‹œ ํ•ด๋กœ์šด ์กฐ์ง ๋‚ด ์—ผ์ฆ์„ฑ ๋Œ€์‹์„ธํฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” TSP-1์„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ํ—ˆํ˜ˆ ๋™์•ˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ด€๋ จ ์ƒ๋ฆฌ์  ํ‘œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,057,659
Do diffusible retinal secretions regulate the expression of tight junctions and other diverse functions of the retinal pigment epithelium?
{ "contexts": [ "The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) forms the outer blood-retinal barrier. It is unclear how culture conditions might alter barrier properties of isolated RPE. We examined whether retinal secretions that increase the barrier functions of tight junctions in vitro also make gene expression in general more in vivo-like.", "Chick RPE from embryonic day 7 (E7) and E14 were cultured on filters. Media conditioned by organ culture of E14 neural retinas was added to the apical medium chamber. RNA was isolated to probe the chick genome on Affymetrix microarrays, and expression was compared to native E14 RPE. Expression was further analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry.", "More than 86% of the genes expressed in vivo were expressed in basal culture conditions, including RPE-specific markers such as RPE65 and bestrophin. E14 retinal conditioned medium affected 15% of the transcriptome in E7 cultures (24% if serum was included), but only 1.9% in E14 cultures (12% with serum). Examination of 610 genes important for RPE function revealed that mRNAs for 17% were regulated by retinal conditioned medium alone in E7 cultures, compared to 6.2% for E14. For tight junctions, retinal conditioned medium had the most effect on members of the claudin family. Besides regulating mRNA levels, immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry suggested additional mechanisms whereby retinal secretions regulated protein expression and localization." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Actins", "Adherens Junctions", "Animals", "Cell Membrane", "Cells, Cultured", "Chick Embryo", "Cluster Analysis", "Culture Media, Conditioned", "Diffusion", "Electric Impedance", "Extracellular Matrix", "Gene Expression Profiling", "Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental", "Genome", "Ion Channels", "Kinetics", "Melanins", "Membrane Proteins", "Microtubules", "Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis", "Phagocytosis", "RNA, Messenger", "Retinal Pigment Epithelium", "Subcellular Fractions", "Tight Junctions", "Visual Pathways" ] }
Gene expression in primary cultures of embryonic RPE resembled the native tissue, but differentiation and the levels of gene expression became more in vivo-like when elements of the retinal environment were introduced into the medium bathing the apical side of the cultures. Albeit insufficient, retinal secretions promoted differentiation of immature RPE and helped maintain the properties of more mature RPE.
yes
pub_med_qa40131
[ { "content": "ํ™•์‚ฐ์„ฑ ๋ง๋ง‰ ๋ถ„๋น„๋ฌผ์ด ๋ง๋ง‰ ์ƒ‰์†Œ ์ƒํ”ผ์˜ ํƒ€์ดํŠธ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๋ง๋ง‰ ์ƒ‰์†Œ ์ƒํ”ผ(RPE)๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€ ํ˜ˆ์•ก-๋ง๋ง‰ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ RPE์˜ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ๋ถˆ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜๊ด€ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ํƒ€์ดํŠธ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ถ€์˜ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ง๋ง‰ ๋ถ„๋น„๋ฌผ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ์ƒ์ฒด ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋” ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”์ง€ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n๋ฐฐ์•„ 7์ผ์งธ(E7)์™€ E14์˜ ๋ณ‘์•„๋ฆฌ RPE๋ฅผ ํ•„ํ„ฐ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. E14 ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ๋ง๋ง‰์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์กฐ๊ฑดํ™”๋œ ๋ฐฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ •๋‹จ ๋ฐฐ์ง€ ์ฑ”๋ฒ„์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Affymetrix ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์–ด๋ ˆ์ด์—์„œ ๋ณ‘์•„๋ฆฌ ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด RNA๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ์ฒœ์—ฐ E14 RPE์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœํ˜„์€ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์  ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ PCR ๋ฉด์—ญ๋ธ”๋กฏํŒ… ๋ฐ ๋ฉด์—ญ์„ธํฌํ™”ํ•™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์ƒ์ฒด ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋œ ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ 86% ์ด์ƒ์ด ๊ธฐ์ € ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” RPE65 ๋ฐ ๋ฒ ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ•€๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ RPE ํŠน์ด์  ๋งˆ์ปค๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. E14 ๋ง๋ง‰ ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฐฐ์ง€๋Š” E7 ๋ฐฐ์–‘์—์„œ ์ „์‚ฌ์ฒด์˜ 15%(ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 24%)์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค์ง€๋งŒ, E14 ๋ฐฐ์–‘์—์„œ๋Š” 1.9%(ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 12%)์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. RPE ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ 610๊ฐœ์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, 17%์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” mRNA๊ฐ€ E7 ๋ฐฐ์–‘์—์„œ ๋ง๋ง‰ ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฐฐ์ง€ ๋‹จ๋…์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ ˆ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, E14๋Š” 6.2%์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข์€ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ถ€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋ง๋ง‰ ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฐฐ์ง€๊ฐ€ ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋”˜ ๊ณ„์—ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. mRNA ์ˆ˜์น˜ ์กฐ์ ˆ ์™ธ์—๋„ ๋ฉด์—ญ๋ธ”๋กฏํŒ…๊ณผ ๋ฉด์—ญ์„ธํฌํ™”ํ•™์€ ๋ง๋ง‰ ๋ถ„๋น„๋ฌผ์ด ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ๋ฐœํ˜„๊ณผ ๊ตญ์†Œํ™”๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Gene expression in primary cultures of embryonic RPE resembled the native tissue, but differentiation and the levels of gene expression became more in vivo-like when elements of the retinal environment were introduced into the medium bathing the apical side of the cultures. Albeit insufficient, retinal secretions promoted differentiation of immature RPE and helped maintain the properties of more mature RPE.
๋ฐฐ์•„ RPE์˜ 1์ฐจ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์—์„œ ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ฐœํ˜„์€ ์›๋ž˜ ์กฐ์ง๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ง๋ง‰ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐฐ์–‘์˜ ์ •์ ์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ง€์— ๋„์ž…๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ถ„ํ™”์™€ ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์ƒ์ฒด ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋” ์œ ์‚ฌํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋ก ๋ถˆ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ง๋ง‰ ๋ถ„๋น„๋ฌผ์€ ๋ฏธ์„ฑ์ˆ™ RPE์˜ ๋ถ„ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋” ์„ฑ์ˆ™ํ•œ RPE์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,057,657
Do double homozygous waltzer and Ames waltzer mice provide no evidence of retinal degeneration?
{ "contexts": [ "To determine whether cadherin 23 and protocadherin 15 can substitute for one another in the maintenance of the retina and other tissues in the mouse. Does homozygosity for both v and av mutant alleles (i.e., a double homozygous mouse) cause retinal degeneration or an obvious retinal histopathology?", "We generated mice homozygous for both Cdh23(v-6J) and Pcdh15(av-Jfb) alleles. The retinal phenotypes of double heterozygous and double homozygous mutant mice were determined by light microscopy and electroretinography (ERG). Histology on 32 different tissues, scanning electron microscopy of organ of Corti hair cells as well as serum biochemical and hematological examinations were evaluated.", "ERG waves of double heterozygous and double homozygous mice showed similar shape, growth of the amplitude with intensity, and implicit time for both rod and cone pathway mediated responses. Mice homozygous for both Cdh23(v-6J) and Pcdh15(av-Jfb) mutations showed no sign of retinitis pigmentosa or photoreceptor degeneration but, as expected, were deaf and had disorganized hair cell sensory bundles." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Alleles", "Alternative Splicing", "Animals", "Cadherins", "Cell Nucleus", "Cilia", "Electroretinography", "Eye", "Heterozygote", "Homozygote", "Mice", "Mice, Mutant Strains", "Phenotype", "Protein Precursors", "Retinal Degeneration" ] }
The simultaneous presence of homozygous mutant alleles of cadherin 23 and protocadherin 15 results only in deafness, not retinal degeneration or any other additional obvious phenotype of the major organ systems. We conclude that in the mouse cadherin 23 or protocadherin 15 appear not to compensate for one another to maintain the retina.
yes
pub_med_qa40132
[ { "content": "์ด์ค‘ ๋™ํ˜• ์ ‘ํ•ฉ ์™ˆ์ฒ˜์™€ ์•„๋ฉ”์Šค ์™ˆ์ฒ˜ ์ฅ๋Š” ๋ง๋ง‰ ๋ณ€์„ฑ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์นด๋ฐ๋ฆฐ 23๊ณผ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์นด๋ฐ๋ฆฐ 15๊ฐ€ ๋ง๋ง‰ ๋ฐ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์กฐ์ง ์œ ์ง€์— ์„œ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. v์™€ v ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ ์œ ์ „์ž(์ฆ‰, ์ด์ค‘ ๋™ํ˜• ์ ‘ํ•ฉ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค) ๋ชจ๋‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋™ํ˜• ์ ‘ํ•ฉ์ด ๋ง๋ง‰ ๋ณ€์„ฑ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋‚˜์š”, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•œ ๋ง๋ง‰ ์กฐ์ง ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?\n\n2)\n์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” Cdh23(v-6J) ๋ฐ Pcdh15(av-Jfb) ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ชจ๋‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋™ํ˜•์ ‘ํ•ฉ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ค‘ ์ดํ˜•์ ‘ํ•ฉ ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์™€ ์ด์ค‘ ๋™ํ˜•์ ‘ํ•ฉ ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์˜ ๋ง๋ง‰ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ˜•์€ ๊ด‘ํ•™ ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์ „์ž ๋ ˆํ‹ฐ๋…ธ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ผ(ERG)๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 32๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์กฐ์ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ์งํ•™, ์ฝ”๋ฅดํ‹ฐ ๋ชจ๋ฐœ ์„ธํฌ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ ์ „์ž ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ, ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ ์ƒํ™”ํ•™์  ๋ฐ ํ˜ˆ์•กํ•™์  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์ด์ค‘ ์ดํ˜• ์ ‘ํ•ฉ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์™€ ์ด์ค‘ ๋™ํ˜• ์ ‘ํ•ฉ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์˜ ERG ํŒŒ๋Š” ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋ชจ์–‘, ๊ฐ•๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ง„ํญ ์„ฑ์žฅ, ๋ง‰๋Œ€ ๋ฐ ์›์ถ” ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ๋งค๊ฐœ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์•”๋ฌต์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Cdh23(v-6J) ๋ฐ Pcdh15(av-Jfb) ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด ๋ชจ๋‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋™ํ˜• ์ ‘ํ•ฉ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๋Š” ๋ง๋ง‰์—ผ ์ƒ‰์†Œ ์นจ์ฐฉ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ด‘์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ๋ณ€์„ฑ์˜ ์ง•ํ›„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ฒญ๊ฐ ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋ฐœ ์„ธํฌ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‹ค๋ฐœ์ด ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
The simultaneous presence of homozygous mutant alleles of cadherin 23 and protocadherin 15 results only in deafness, not retinal degeneration or any other additional obvious phenotype of the major organ systems. We conclude that in the mouse cadherin 23 or protocadherin 15 appear not to compensate for one another to maintain the retina.
์นด๋ฐ๋ฆฐ 23๊ณผ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์นด๋ฐ๋ฆฐ 15์˜ ๋™ํ˜• ์ ‘ํ•ฉ ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ ์œ ์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ๋™์‹œ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ง๋ง‰ ๋ณ€์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์žฅ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ˜•์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ฒญ๊ฐ ์žฅ์• ๋งŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์—์„œ ์นด๋ฐ๋ฆฐ 23์ด๋‚˜ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์นด๋ฐ๋ฆฐ 15๊ฐ€ ๋ง๋ง‰์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋‚ด๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,054,309
Does patterns and correlate of spit tobacco use among high school males in rural California?
{ "contexts": [ "To assess patterns and correlates of spit [smokeless tobacco (ST)] use among high school males in rural California.", "An 18-item, self-administered questionnaire was used to assess ST use among young males in 41 randomly selected high schools in 21 rural counties in California. To ensure confidentiality, students were instructed to seal their completed questionnaire in an attached envelope prior to returning it to the questionnaire administrator.", "Overall prevalence of ST use was 9.8 percent, significantly increasing with year in school from 5 percent among freshmen to 15 percent among seniors. ST use was highest among rodeo athletes at 42 percent compared with <6 percent among nonathletes; ST use was significantly higher among smokers (32 percent) who were 2.5-30 times more likely to use ST compared with nonsmokers, depending on race/ethnicity as a result of a significant race/ethnicity x smoking interaction of degree/magnitude. In addition, students who believed there was no, or slight risk of, harm from ST use were significantly more likely to use ST than students perceiving moderate or great risk, depending on race/ethnicity (odds ratios 3.6-13). Among all ST users, 40 percent used ST on at least 5 days in the previous week, 80 percent of those reporting a brand used the brand Copenhagen, and 41 percent (189) used ST within 30 minutes of waking." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adolescent", "California", "Cross-Sectional Studies", "Humans", "Rural Population", "Surveys and Questionnaires", "Tobacco Use Disorder", "Tobacco, Smokeless" ] }
Dental public health practitioners, scholars, and policy-makers need to promote dental health through organized community efforts targeting high school male subgroups in rural areas that are at risk for ST-associated adverse health effects.
yes
pub_med_qa40133
[ { "content": "์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„ ์‹œ๊ณจ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์นจ ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํŒจํ„ด๊ณผ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„ ์‹œ๊ณจ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์นจ ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํŒจํ„ด๊ณผ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "passage" } ]
Dental public health practitioners, scholars, and policy-makers need to promote dental health through organized community efforts targeting high school male subgroups in rural areas that are at risk for ST-associated adverse health effects.
์น˜๊ณผ ๊ณต์ค‘ ๋ณด๊ฑด ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€, ํ•™์ž, ์ •์ฑ… ์ž…์•ˆ์ž๋“ค์€ ST ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์•…์˜ํ–ฅ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋†์ดŒ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๋‚จ์„ฑ ํ•˜์œ„ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์งํ™”๋œ ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์น˜๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,053,964
Does cerebral oxygenation decrease during exercise in humans with beta-adrenergic blockade?
{ "contexts": [ "Beta-blockers reduce exercise capacity by attenuated increase in cardiac output, but it remains unknown whether performance also relates to attenuated cerebral oxygenation.", "Acting as their own controls, eight healthy subjects performed a continuous incremental cycle test to exhaustion with or without administration of the non-selective beta-blocker propranolol. Changes in cerebral blood flow velocity were measured with transcranial Doppler ultrasound and those in cerebral oxygenation were evaluated using near-infrared spectroscopy and the calculated cerebral mitochondrial oxygen tension derived from arterial to internal jugular venous concentration differences.", "Arterial lactate and cardiac output increased to 15.3 +/- 4.2 mM and 20.8 +/- 1.5 L min(-1) respectively (mean +/- SD). Frontal lobe oxygenation remained unaffected but the calculated cerebral mitochondrial oxygen tension decreased by 29 +/- 7 mmHg (P < 0.05). Propranolol reduced resting heart rate (58 +/- 6 vs. 69 +/- 8 beats min(-1)) and at exercise exhaustion, cardiac output (16.6 +/- 3.6 L min(-1)) and arterial lactate (9.4 +/- 3.7 mM) were attenuated with a reduction in exercise capacity from 239 +/- 42 to 209 +/- 31 W (all P < 0.05). Propranolol also attenuated the increase in cerebral blood flow velocity and frontal lobe oxygenation (P < 0.05) whereas the cerebral mitochondrial oxygen tension decreased to a similar degree as during control exercise (delta 28 +/- 10 mmHg; P < 0.05)." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adrenergic beta-Antagonists", "Adult", "Blood Pressure", "Brain", "Carbon Dioxide", "Cardiac Output", "Cerebrovascular Circulation", "Exercise", "Exercise Test", "Exercise Tolerance", "Frontal Lobe", "Heart Rate", "Humans", "Male", "Mitochondria", "Oxygen", "Partial Pressure", "Propranolol", "Young Adult" ] }
Propranolol attenuated the increase in cardiac output of consequence for cerebral perfusion and oxygenation. We suggest that a decrease in cerebral oxygenation limits exercise capacity.
yes
pub_med_qa40134
[ { "content": "๋ฒ ํƒ€ ์•„๋“œ๋ ˆ๋‚ ๋ฆฐ ์ฐจ๋‹จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์šด๋™ ์ค‘ ๋‡Œ ์‚ฐ์†Œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "๋ฒ ํƒ€ ์•„๋“œ๋ ˆ๋‚ ๋ฆฐ ์ฐจ๋‹จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์šด๋™ ์ค‘ ๋‡Œ ์‚ฐ์†Œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "passage" } ]
Propranolol attenuated the increase in cardiac output of consequence for cerebral perfusion and oxygenation. We suggest that a decrease in cerebral oxygenation limits exercise capacity.
ํ”„๋กœํ”„๋ผ๋†€๋กค์€ ๋Œ€๋‡Œ ๊ด€๋ฅ˜์™€ ์‚ฐ์†Œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‹ฌ๋ฐ•์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์™„ํ™”์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋‡Œ ์‚ฐ์†Œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์šด๋™ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ œํ•œํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,085,574
Is food allergy associated with potentially fatal childhood asthma?
{ "contexts": [ "Risk factors for potentially fatal childhood asthma are incompletely understood.", "To determine whether self-reported food allergy is significantly associated with potentially fatal childhood asthma.", "Medical records from 72 patients admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) for asthmatic exacerbation were reviewed and compared in a case-control design with 2 randomly selected groups of 108 patients admitted to a regular nursing floor for asthma and 108 ambulatory patients with asthma. Factors evaluated included self-reported food allergy, gender, age, poverty area residence, race/ethnicity, inhaled steroid exposure, tobacco exposure, length of hospital stay, psychologic comorbidity, and season of admission.", "At least one food allergy was documented for 13% (38/288) of the patients. Egg, peanut, fish/shellfish, milk, and tree nut accounted for 78.6% of all food allergies. Children admitted to the PICU were significantly more likely to report food allergy (p = 0.004) and 3.3 times more likely to report at least one food allergy compared with children admitted to a regular nursing floor, and significantly more likely to report food allergy (p < 0.001) and 7.4 times more likely to report at least one food allergy compared with children seen in the ambulatory setting. Children admitted to either the PICU or the regular nursing floor were significantly more likely be African-American (p < 0.001) and to be younger (p < 0.01) compared with children seen in the ambulatory setting." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Asthma", "Cause of Death", "Child", "Child, Preschool", "Female", "Food Hypersensitivity", "Humans", "Male", "Retrospective Studies", "Risk Factors" ] }
Self-reported food allergy is an independent risk factor for potentially fatal childhood asthma. Asthmatic children or adolescents with food allergy are a target population for more aggressive asthma management.
yes
pub_med_qa40135
[ { "content": "์Œ์‹ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ์†Œ์•„ ์ฒœ์‹๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ž ์žฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์†Œ์•„ ์ฒœ์‹์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์ธ์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ดํ•ด๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ์Œ์‹ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ์†Œ์•„ ์ฒœ์‹๊ณผ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์ฒœ์‹ ์•…ํ™”๋กœ ์†Œ์•„ ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค(PICU)์— ์ž…์›ํ•œ 72๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ฒœ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‹ค์— ์ž…์›ํ•œ 108๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž์™€ 108๋ช…์˜ ์™ธ๋ž˜ ํ™˜์ž๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„๋กœ ์„ ํƒ๋œ 2๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๋Œ€์กฐ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‰๊ฐ€๋œ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ์Œ์‹ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ, ์„ฑ๋ณ„, ์—ฐ๋ น, ๋นˆ๊ณค ์ง€์—ญ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ์—ฌ๋ถ€, ์ธ์ข…/๋ฏผ์กฑ, ํก์ž… ์Šคํ…Œ๋กœ์ด๋“œ ๋…ธ์ถœ, ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ ๋…ธ์ถœ, ์ž…์› ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„, ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๋™๋ฐ˜ ์งˆํ™˜, ์ž…์› ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋“ฑ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n4)\nํ™˜์ž์˜ 13%(38/288๋ช…)์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ ์–ด๋„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์Œ์‹ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ฌ๊ฑ€, ๋•…์ฝฉ, ์ƒ์„ /shellfish, ์šฐ์œ , ๋‚˜๋ฌด ๊ฒฌ๊ณผ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ „์ฒด ์Œ์‹ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ์˜ 78.6%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. PICU์— ์ž…์›ํ•œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ˆ˜์œ ์‹ค์— ์ž…์›ํ•œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์Œ์‹ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ(p = 0.004), ์ตœ์†Œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์Œ์‹ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด 3.3๋ฐฐ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ(p < 0.001), ๋ณดํ–‰ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ตœ์†Œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์Œ์‹ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด 7.4๋ฐฐ ๋†’์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. PICU ๋˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ˆ˜์œ ์‹ค์— ์ž…์›ํ•œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋Š” ๋ณดํ–‰ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ณ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ(p < 0.001)์ผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ(p < 0.01) ๋” ์–ด๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Self-reported food allergy is an independent risk factor for potentially fatal childhood asthma. Asthmatic children or adolescents with food allergy are a target population for more aggressive asthma management.
์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ์Œ์‹ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ž ์žฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์†Œ์•„ ์ฒœ์‹์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒœ์‹ ์•„๋™์ด๋‚˜ ์Œ์‹ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์€ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์ฒœ์‹ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,066,298
Do evidence that shed thyrotropin receptor A subunits drive affinity maturation of autoantibodies causing Graves ' disease?
{ "contexts": [ "In Graves' disease, thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb) activate the TSH receptor (TSHR) causing hyperthyroidism. Serum polyclonal TSAb are difficult to study because of their extremely low serum levels.", "Our objective was to determine whether monoclonal TSAb possess characteristics previously reported for polyclonal autoantibodies in Graves' sera.", "We studied monoclonal TSAb from three laboratories: six generated from mice with induced hyperthyroidism; and one, M22, a human autoantibody obtained from Graves' B cells.", "All TSAb with one exception were potent activators of TSHR-mediated cAMP generation, with relatively similar half-maximal stimulatory concentrations. Like polyclonal autoantibodies, monoclonal TSAb were largely neutralized by conformationally \"active\" (but not \"inactive\") recombinant TSHR A subunits (the N-terminal cleavage product of the TSHR). Chimeric substitutions of TSHR amino acids 25-30 (the extreme N terminus after removal of the 21 residue signal peptide) abrogated the binding and function of all monoclonal TSAb but with one antibody (TSAb4) revealing a nonidentical epitope. Remarkably, these residues are uninvolved in the M22 epitope determined by x-ray analysis. Finally, flow-cytometric dose-response analyses, not previously possible with polyclonal TSAb, revealed that all monoclonal TSAb, human and murine, bound with lower affinity to their in vivo target, the TSH-holoreceptor, than to the isolated TSHR ectodomain." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Animals", "Antibodies, Monoclonal", "Antibody Affinity", "CHO Cells", "Cricetinae", "Cricetulus", "Flow Cytometry", "Graves Disease", "Humans", "Immunoglobulins, Thyroid-Stimulating", "Protein Conformation", "Receptors, Thyrotropin" ] }
TSAb function does not require antibodies with identical epitopes, and human autoantibody M22 may, therefore, not represent the full epitopic repertoire of polyclonal TSAb in Graves' disease. Most important, we provide strong evidence that the shed ectodomain (primarily the A subunit) is the primary antigen driving affinity maturation of TSAb producing B cells.
yes
pub_med_qa40136
[ { "content": "ํ‹ฐ๋กœํŠธ๋กœํ•€ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด A ์†Œ๋‹จ์œ„์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋˜์–ด ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด๋ธŒ์Šค๋ณ‘์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๊ฐ€ํ•ญ์ฒด์˜ ์นœํ™”์„ฑ ์„ฑ์ˆ™์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "ํ‹ฐ๋กœํŠธ๋กœํ•€ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด A ์†Œ๋‹จ์œ„์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋˜์–ด ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด๋ธŒ์Šค๋ณ‘์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๊ฐ€ํ•ญ์ฒด์˜ ์นœํ™”์„ฑ ์„ฑ์ˆ™์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "passage" } ]
TSAb function does not require antibodies with identical epitopes, and human autoantibody M22 may, therefore, not represent the full epitopic repertoire of polyclonal TSAb in Graves' disease. Most important, we provide strong evidence that the shed ectodomain (primarily the A subunit) is the primary antigen driving affinity maturation of TSAb producing B cells.
TSAb ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์—ํ”ผํ† ํ”„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ•ญ์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ž๊ฐ€ํ•ญ์ฒด M22๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด๋ธŒ์Šค๋ณ‘์—์„œ ๋‹คํด๋ก ์„ฑ TSAb์˜ ์ „์ฒด ์—ํ”ผํ† ํ”„ ๋ ˆํผํ† ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋กœ, ์ฃผ๋กœ A ์„œ๋ธŒ์œ ๋‹›์ธ ์ƒค๋“œ ์—‘ํ† ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ์ด TSAb๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” B ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ํ•ญ์› ์œ ๋„ ์นœํ™”์„ฑ ์„ฑ์ˆ™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,077,909
Does a limited immunohistochemical panel help differentiate small cell epithelial malignancies of the sinonasal cavity and nasopharynx?
{ "contexts": [ "Distinguishing small cell epithelial malignancies of the sinonasal cavity and nasopharynx is difficult due to overlapping morphologic characteristics, particularly in small biopsies. This distinction is important, however, because of the inherent differences in biology, natural history, prognosis, and treatment among these neoplasms. The aim of this study is to identify a limited immunohistochemical panel that may help to differentiate these morphologically similar small cell epithelial malignancies.", "We reviewed 37 cases of histologically similar small cell epithelial malignancies of the sinonasal cavity and nasopharynx: nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) (16), basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) (15), and high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma (HGNEC) (6) obtained at Jackson Memorial Hospital/UM Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center between 2003 and 2007. Immunohistochemistry for pancytokeratin (CK), CK5/6, p63, and HLA-DR was performed using the labeled streptavidin-biotin method.", "All cases in this study were positive for CK and p63. The CK staining pattern of HGNEC was characteristically dot-like whereas the remaining tumors stained with strong and diffuse cytoplasmic membrane positivity. Likewise, the p63 staining pattern of HGNEC was focal and weak whereas the remaining tumors stained with diffuse and strong nuclear positivity. Immunohistochemistry for HLA-DR was positive in all cases of NPC, whereas BSCC and HGNEC were uniformly negative. Cases of NPC and BSCC were positive for CK5/6 whereas cases of HGNEC were negative." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Biomarkers, Tumor", "Carcinoma", "Carcinoma, Small Cell", "HLA-DR Antigens", "Humans", "Immunohistochemistry", "Keratin-5", "Keratin-6", "Membrane Proteins", "Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms", "Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms" ] }
A limited immunohistochemical panel of CK, CK5/6, p63, and HLA-DR is useful in discriminating nasopharyngeal, basaloid squamous cell, and high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas of the sinonasal cavity and nasopharynx.
yes
pub_med_qa40137
[ { "content": "์ œํ•œ๋œ ๋ฉด์—ญ์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•™ ํŒจ๋„์ด ๋น„๊ฐ•๊ณผ ๋น„์ธ๋‘์˜ ์†Œ์„ธํฌ ์ƒํ”ผ ์•…์„ฑ ์ข…์–‘์„ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋‚˜์š”?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๋น„๊ฐ•๊ณผ ๋น„์ธ๋‘์˜ ์ž‘์€ ์„ธํฌ ์ƒํ”ผ ์•…์„ฑ ์ข…์–‘์„ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํŠนํžˆ ์ž‘์€ ์ƒ๊ฒ€์—์„œ ํ˜•ํƒœํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๊ฒน์น˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ , ์ž์—ฐ์‚ฌ, ์˜ˆํ›„ ๋ฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์ž‘์€ ์„ธํฌ ์ƒํ”ผ ์•…์„ฑ ์ข…์–‘์„ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ œํ•œ๋œ ๋ฉด์—ญ์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•™ ํŒจ๋„์„ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 2003๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2007๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์žญ์Šจ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ์–ผ ๋ณ‘์›/UM ์‹ค๋ฒ ์Šคํ„ฐ ์ข…ํ•ฉ ์•” ์„ผํ„ฐ์—์„œ ํš๋“ํ•œ ๋น„์ธ๋‘ ๋ฐ ๋น„์ธ๋‘์˜ ์กฐ์งํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์†Œ์„ธํฌ ์ƒํ”ผ์•” 37๊ฑด์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ๋น„์ธ๋‘์•”(NPC) (16๊ฑด), ๊ธฐ์ €๋ถ€ ํŽธํ‰์„ธํฌ์•”(BSCC) (15๊ฑด), ๊ณ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋‚ด๋ถ„๋น„์•”(HGNEC) (6๊ฑด). ํŒ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์ปค๋ผํ‹ด(CK), CK5/6, p63, HLA-DR์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฉด์—ญ์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•™์€ ๋ผ๋ฒจ์ด ๋ถ€์ฐฉ๋œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ™ํƒ€๋น„๋”˜-๋น„์˜คํ‹ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š” CK์™€ p63์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–‘์„ฑ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. HGNEC์˜ CK ์—ผ์ƒ‰ ํŒจํ„ด์€ ํŠน์ง•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์  ๋ชจ์–‘์ธ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์ข…์–‘์€ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™•์‚ฐ๋œ ์„ธํฌ์งˆ ๋ง‰ ์–‘์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์—ผ์ƒ‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ HGNEC์˜ p63 ์—ผ์ƒ‰ ํŒจํ„ด์€ ๊ตญ์†Œ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์•ฝํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์ข…์–‘์€ ํ™•์‚ฐ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ํ•ต ์–‘์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์—ผ์ƒ‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. HLA-DR์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฉด์—ญ์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•™์€ ๋ชจ๋“  NPC ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—์„œ ์–‘์„ฑ์ธ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, BSCC์™€ HGNEC๋Š” ๊ท ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์Œ์„ฑ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. NPC์™€ BSCC์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ CK5/6์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–‘์„ฑ์ธ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, HGNEC์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ์Œ์„ฑ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
A limited immunohistochemical panel of CK, CK5/6, p63, and HLA-DR is useful in discriminating nasopharyngeal, basaloid squamous cell, and high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas of the sinonasal cavity and nasopharynx.
CK, CK5/6, p63, HLA-DR๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์ œํ•œ๋œ ๋ฉด์—ญ์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•™ ํŒจ๋„์€ ๋น„์ธ๋‘, ๊ธฐ์ €ํŽธํ‰์„ธํฌ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋น„์ธ๋‘์˜ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋‚ด๋ถ„๋น„์•”์ข…์„ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,076,287
Are advanced oxidative protein products independently associated with endothelial function in peritoneal dialysis patients?
{ "contexts": [ "Oxidative stress (OS) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) are accepted as non-classical cardiovascular risk factors in end-stage renal disease patients. To clarify the role of these factors in the atherosclerotic process, we investigated if OS and ADMA are associated with endothelial function (EF) in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.", "Fifty-two non-diabetic PD patients without known atherosclerotic disease as well as 30 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals were included. We measured serum thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced glycation end-product (AGE), pentosidine, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), ADMA and EF as described by Celermejer et al. in all subjects.", "TBARS, MDA, AOPP, AGE, pentosidine and ADMA levels were significantly higher in PD patients than in controls (P < 0.001). Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD)% and nitrate mediated dilatation (NMD)% in PD patients were lower than in the control group (7.7 +/- 4.0% vs 11.70 +/- 5.50%, P < 0.01 and 17.6 +/- 8.3% vs 26.4 +/- 4.6%, P < 0.01). Additionally, it was found that AOPP are independently correlated with FMD% and NMD% in PD patients (beta = -463, P < 0.01 and beta = -420, P < 0.05)." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Arginine", "Cross-Sectional Studies", "Endothelium, Vascular", "Female", "Glycation End Products, Advanced", "Humans", "Kidney Failure, Chronic", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Oxidation-Reduction", "Oxidative Stress", "Peritoneal Dialysis", "Regression Analysis" ] }
This study shows that PD patients without known atherosclerotic disease can also be characterized by endothelial dysfunction and AOPP levels independently predict endothelial function level in PD patients.
yes
pub_med_qa40138
[ { "content": "๋ณต๋ง‰ ํˆฌ์„ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์‚ฐํ™” ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์ œํ’ˆ์ด ๋‚ดํ”ผ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์‚ฐํ™” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค(OS)์™€ ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ ๋””๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ์•„๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋‹Œ(ADMA)์€ ๋ง๊ธฐ ์‹ ์žฅ ์งˆํ™˜ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ๋น„๊ณ ์ „์  ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์ธ์ž๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃฝ์ƒ๊ฒฝํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์š”์ธ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณต๋ง‰ ํˆฌ์„(PD) ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ OS์™€ ADMA๊ฐ€ ๋‚ดํ”ผ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ(EF)๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์ฃฝ์ƒ๊ฒฝํ™”์ฆ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๋น„๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘์„ฑ PD ํ™˜์ž 52๋ช…๊ณผ ์—ฐ๋ น ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์ด ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ 30๋ช…์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ํ”ผํ—˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ ํ‹ฐ์˜ค๋ฐ”๋ฅด๋น„ํˆฌ๋ฅด์‚ฐ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ(TBARS), ๋ง๋ก ๋””์•Œ๋ฐํžˆ๋“œ(MDA), ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋‹นํ™” ์ตœ์ข… ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ(AGE), ํŽœํ† ์‹œ๋”˜, ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์‚ฐํ™” ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ(AOPP), ADMA ๋ฐ EF๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\nTBARS, MDA, AOPP, AGE, ํŽœํ† ์‹œ๋”˜ ๋ฐ ADMA ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” PD ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ(P < 0.001)๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. PD ํ™˜์ž์˜ ํ๋ฆ„ ๋งค๊ฐœ ํ™•์žฅ(FMD) ๋น„์œจ๊ณผ ์งˆ์‚ฐ์—ผ ๋งค๊ฐœ ํ™•์žฅ(NMD) ๋น„์œจ์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ(7.7 +/- 4.0% ๋Œ€ 11.70 +/- 5.50%, P < 0.01 ๋ฐ 17.6 +/- 8.3% ๋Œ€ 26.4 +/- 4.6%, P < 0.01)๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, AOPP๋Š” PD ํ™˜์ž์˜ FMD ๋น„์œจ ๋ฐ NMD ๋น„์œจ๊ณผ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(beta = -463, P < 0.01 ๋ฐ ๋ฒ ํƒ€= -420, P < 0.05).", "role": "passage" } ]
This study shows that PD patients without known atherosclerotic disease can also be characterized by endothelial dysfunction and AOPP levels independently predict endothelial function level in PD patients.
์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์ฃฝ์ƒ๊ฒฝํ™”์ฆ์ด ์—†๋Š” PD ํ™˜์ž๋“ค๋„ ๋‚ดํ”ผ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์žฅ์• ๋กœ ํŠน์ง•์ง€์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, AOPP ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ PD ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋‚ดํ”ผ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,078,971
Is early neutropenia associated with an increased rate of nosocomial infection in very low-birth-weight infants?
{ "contexts": [ "Evidence is contradictory whether very low-birth-weight (VLBW, birth weight <1500 g) infants with early neutropenia (NP), especially those born to mothers with preeclampsia experience a greater incidence of nosocomial infection (NI).", "To investigate whether NP within the first 7 days of life is a risk factor for NI in VLBW infants.", "Over a 42-month period, we identified all VLBW infants born at <or=34 weeks gestation who survived for more than 72 h. Infants who had no evidence of early infection, who had at least one complete blood count performed in the first week of life, and who were not given prophylactic recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) were included in this retrospective study. Early NP was defined as an absolute neutrophil count less than 1500 per microl at any time during the first week of life. NI was defined as the culture of a bacterial or fungal pathogen from a sterile body fluid that was obtained after 72 h of life in an infant with one or more clinical signs of infection.", "A total of 338 VLBW infants were reviewed. Of those, 51 infants were excluded because of death or onset of an infection before 72 h of age, lack of a complete blood count in the first week of life or treatment with rhG-CSF. Of the remaining 287 infants, NI occurred in 11 of 77 (14.3%) infants with early NP compared to 42 of 210 (20.0%) infants without early NP (P=0.31). Infants who developed NI were smaller and less mature, had lower Apgar scores, were more frequently instrumented with central lines and required a longer duration of parenteral nutrition compared to infants without NI. Infants with NI also had a higher mortality and a greater incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis, severe intraventricular hemorrhage and threshold retinopathy of prematurity. However, using stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis, only the duration of parenteral nutrition and gestational age were significant risk factors for NI." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Biomarkers", "Cross Infection", "Female", "Humans", "Infant", "Infant, Newborn", "Infant, Premature", "Infant, Premature, Diseases", "Infant, Very Low Birth Weight", "Male", "Neutropenia", "Predictive Value of Tests", "Prospective Studies", "ROC Curve", "Risk Factors", "Sex Distribution" ] }
Our data do not support the hypothesis that early NP increases the risk for NI in VLBW infants.
no
pub_med_qa40139
[ { "content": "์ดˆ๊ธฐ ํ˜ธ์ค‘๊ตฌ ๊ฐ์†Œ์ฆ์ด ์ถœ์ƒ ์ฒด์ค‘์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์˜์•„์˜ ๋ณ‘์› ๋‚ด ๊ฐ์—ผ๋ฅ  ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ดˆ๊ธฐ ํ˜ธ์ค‘๊ตฌ ๊ฐ์†Œ์ฆ์ด ์ถœ์ƒ ์ฒด์ค‘์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์˜์•„์˜ ๋ณ‘์› ๋‚ด ๊ฐ์—ผ๋ฅ  ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "passage" } ]
Our data do not support the hypothesis that early NP increases the risk for NI in VLBW infants.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธฐ NP๊ฐ€ VLBW ์˜์•„์—์„œ NI ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,070,388
Does high-fat nutrition reduce hepatic damage following exposure to bacterial DNA and hemorrhagic shock?
{ "contexts": [ "Bacterial infection combined with hypotension results in exacerbation of the inflammatory response with release of interferon (IFN) gamma. This excessive inflammation may lead to development of hepatic damage and liver failure. This study investigates the effect of dietary lipids on release of IFN-gamma and development of hepatic damage following exposure to synthetic bacterial DNA (CpG-ODN) and hemorrhagic shock.", "Rats were exposed to CpG-ODN 18h before hemorrhagic shock. Samples were taken 4h following shock. High-fat nutrition was administered at 18h, 2h and 45min before induction of shock.", "Enteral high-fat strongly reduced circulating IFN-gamma (0.2ng/ml, P<0.01) following exposure to CpG-ODN and hemorrhagic shock compared with fasted rats (2.7ng/ml). Concomitantly, plasma L-FABP was reduced (437+/-22ng/ml, P<0.01), and F-actin distribution was preserved. Furthermore, high-fat nutrition reduced apoptosis in the liver and preserved expression of the hepatoprotective protein ABIN-1. Interestingly, administration of anti-IFN-gamma antibodies was associated with reduced expression of ABIN-1." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Animals", "Apoptosis", "Bacterial Infections", "DNA, Bacterial", "Dietary Fats", "Enteral Nutrition", "Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins", "Interferon-gamma", "Liver", "Male", "Rats", "Rats, Sprague-Dawley", "Shock, Hemorrhagic" ] }
This study shows that enteral high-fat reduces IFN-gamma and decreases CpG-enhanced liver injury following hemorrhagic shock. Administration of high-fat nutrition may be an important new therapeutic strategy to reduce liver damage in a clinical setting of bacterial infection combined with hypotension.
yes
pub_med_qa40140
[ { "content": "๊ณ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์˜์–‘์ด ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„ DNA์™€ ์ถœํ˜ˆ์„ฑ ์‡ผํฌ์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋œ ํ›„ ๊ฐ„ ์†์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋‚˜์š”?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๊ฐ์—ผ๊ณผ ์ €ํ˜ˆ์••์ด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜๋ฉด ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜๋ก (IFN) ๊ฐ๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์—ผ์ฆ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ์•…ํ™”๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ์—ผ์ฆ์€ ๊ฐ„ ์†์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ„๋ถ€์ „์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‹์ด ์ง€์งˆ์ด IFN-๊ฐ๋งˆ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๊ณผ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„ DNA(CpG-ODN) ๋ฐ ์ถœํ˜ˆ์„ฑ ์‡ผํฌ์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋œ ํ›„ ๊ฐ„ ์†์ƒ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์ฅ๋Š” ์ถœํ˜ˆ์„ฑ ์‡ผํฌ 18์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ „์— CpG-ODN์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‡ผํฌ 4์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ›„ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ์ฑ„์ทจํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‡ผํฌ ์œ ๋„ 18์‹œ๊ฐ„, 2์‹œ๊ฐ„, 45๋ถ„ ์ „์— ๊ณ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์˜์–‘์„ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์žฅ๋‚ด ๊ณ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์€ ๊ณต๋ณต ์ฅ(2.7ng/ml)์— ๋น„ํ•ด CpG-ODN ๋ฐ ์ถœํ˜ˆ์„ฑ ์‡ผํฌ์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋œ ํ›„ ์ˆœํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” IFN-๊ฐ๋งˆ(0.2ng/ml, P<0.01)๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์‹œ์— ํ˜ˆ์žฅ L-FABP๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ(437+/-22ng/ml, P<0.01), F-์•กํ‹ด ๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” ์œ ์ง€๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์˜์–‘์€ ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์„ธํฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฉธ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ„ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ABIN-1์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ๋ณด์กดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ๋„ ํ•ญ-IFN-๊ฐ๋งˆ ํ•ญ์ฒด์˜ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋Š” ABIN-1์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
This study shows that enteral high-fat reduces IFN-gamma and decreases CpG-enhanced liver injury following hemorrhagic shock. Administration of high-fat nutrition may be an important new therapeutic strategy to reduce liver damage in a clinical setting of bacterial infection combined with hypotension.
์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์žฅ๋‚ด ๊ณ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ด ์ถœํ˜ˆ์„ฑ ์‡ผํฌ ํ›„ IFN-๊ฐ๋งˆ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  CpG๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ฐ„ ์†์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์˜์–‘์˜ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋Š” ์ €ํ˜ˆ์••๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์„ธ๊ท  ๊ฐ์—ผ์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ์ž„์ƒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๊ฐ„ ์†์ƒ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์ „๋žต์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,076,977
Are fGFR3 and PIK3CA mutations involved in the molecular pathogenesis of solar lentigo?
{ "contexts": [ "Solar lentigines (SL) are frequent benign skin lesions appearing on sun-exposed areas especially in elderly people and therefore represent a hallmark of (photo)aged skin. It has been proposed that SL may subsequently evolve into adenoid seborrhoeic keratosis (SK). However, little is known about the genetic basis of SL. In human SK, FGFR3 and PIK3CA mutations have recently been identified.", "To analyse SL for potential FGFR3 and PIK3CA mutations.", "We screened 30 SL for FGFR3 mutations using a SNaPshot multiplex assay. For PIK3CA mutations we used direct sequencing of exon 9 and a SNaPshot assay for the H1047R hotspot mutation (exon 20). Because psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) lentigines show the V600E BRAF hotspot mutation, we additionally investigated this mutation in SL by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction.", "FGFR3 mutations were detected in five of 30 (17%) SL and PIK3CA mutations in two of 28 (7%) SL. None of 28 SL available for BRAF analysis revealed the V600E mutation." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Aged", "Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases", "DNA Mutational Analysis", "Female", "Humans", "Lentigo", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Mutation", "Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases", "Photosensitivity Disorders", "Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf", "Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3", "Skin Aging" ] }
Our results suggest that FGFR3 and PIK3CA mutations are involved in the pathogenesis of SL. The occurrence of these mutations in both SL and SK suggests a common genetic basis. Our findings furthermore substantiate previous speculations that UV exposure may be a causative factor for FGFR3 and PIK3CA mutations in human skin.
yes
pub_med_qa40141
[ { "content": "fGFR3์™€ PIK3CA ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์–‘ ๋ Œํ‹ฐ๊ณ ์˜ ๋ถ„์ž ๋ณ‘์ธ์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\nํƒœ์–‘ ๋ Œํ‹ฐ์ง„(SL)์€ ํŠนํžˆ ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ํ–‡๋น›์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋œ ๋ถ€์œ„์— ์ž์ฃผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์–‘์„ฑ ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ๋ณ‘๋ณ€์œผ๋กœ, ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ (์‚ฌ์ง„) ๋…ธํ™”๋œ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์˜ ํŠน์ง•์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. SL์ด ์ดํ›„ ์•„๋ฐ๋…ธ์ด๋“œ ์ง€๋ฃจ์„ฑ ๊ฐํ™”์ฆ(SK)์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ œ์•ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ SL์˜ ์œ ์ „์  ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ SK์—์„œ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ FGFR3 ๋ฐ PIK3CA ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๊ฐ€ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ FGFR3 ๋ฐ PIK3CA ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ SL ๋ถ„์„.\n\n3)\nSNaPshot ๋‹ค์ค‘ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ FGFR3 ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 30๊ฐœ์˜ SL์„ ์„ ๋ณ„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. PIK3CA ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์—‘์† 9์˜ ์ง์ ‘ ์‹œํ€€์‹ฑ๊ณผ H1047R ํ•ซ์ŠคํŒŸ ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด(์—‘์† 20)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ SNaPshot ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œ๋ž„๋ Œ๊ณผ ์ž์™ธ์„  A(PUVA) ๋ Œํ‹ฐ์ง„์ด V600E BRAF ํ•ซ์ŠคํŒŸ ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์œ ์ „์ž ํŠน์ด์  ์ค‘ํ•ฉํšจ์†Œ ์—ฐ์‡„ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ํ†ตํ•ด SL ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n4)\nFGFR3 ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๋Š” 30๊ฐœ ์ค‘ 5๊ฐœ(17%)์˜ SL ๋ฐ PIK3CA ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด์—์„œ 28๊ฐœ(7%)์˜ SL ์ค‘ 2๊ฐœ์—์„œ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. BRAF ๋ถ„์„์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” 28๊ฐœ์˜ SL ์ค‘ ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ๋„ V600E ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Our results suggest that FGFR3 and PIK3CA mutations are involved in the pathogenesis of SL. The occurrence of these mutations in both SL and SK suggests a common genetic basis. Our findings furthermore substantiate previous speculations that UV exposure may be a causative factor for FGFR3 and PIK3CA mutations in human skin.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” FGFR3 ๋ฐ PIK3CA ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๊ฐ€ SL์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ ๊ธฐ์ „์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๊ฐ€ SL๊ณผ SK ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณตํ†ต๋œ ์œ ์ „์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ž์™ธ์„  ๋…ธ์ถœ์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์—์„œ FGFR3 ๋ฐ PIK3CA ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด์˜ ์›์ธ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์ „์˜ ์ถ”์ธก์„ ๋”์šฑ ์ž…์ฆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,076,976
Is serum mast cell tryptase a useful marker for disease severity in psoriasis or atopic dermatitis?
{ "contexts": [ "Severity in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD) is commonly assessed with the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and the SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD), respectively. Until today no serum marker is available to reflect the clinical scoring in both diseases. As mast cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of early psoriasis and AD, tryptase, a major compound of mast cell granules that is released upon activation, could in principle serve as such a marker.", "To assess the correlation between serum tryptase and severity of psoriasis and AD as well as the correlation between total IgE levels and severity of AD.", "Serum samples from patients hospitalized for psoriasis and AD were collected at time of admission and time of discharge from hospital. PASI and SCORAD assessments were performed at the same time points. Outpatients presenting with naevi and other benign noninflammatory skin lesions served as control group. Serum tryptase values and total IgE levels of patients with AD were measured using a fluoroenzyme immunoassay technique.", "No correlation of serum tryptase level with either the severity of psoriasis or the severity of AD was seen. Total IgE levels in patients with AD at time of admission and discharge from hospital remained the same." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Biomarkers", "Dermatitis, Atopic", "Female", "Humans", "Immunoassay", "Immunoglobulin E", "Male", "Mast Cells", "Middle Aged", "Predictive Value of Tests", "Prospective Studies", "Psoriasis", "Severity of Illness Index", "Tryptases" ] }
Serum total tryptase did not prove to be a useful tool in assessing severity of psoriasis or AD. Total IgE levels did not correlate with severity of AD.
no
pub_med_qa40142
[ { "content": "ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ ๋น„๋งŒ ์„ธํฌ ํŠธ๋ฆฝํƒ€์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด์„ ์ด๋‚˜ ์•„ํ† ํ”ผ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์—ผ์˜ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ์ค‘์ฆ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ง€ํ‘œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๊ฑด์„ ๊ณผ ์•„ํ† ํ”ผ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์—ผ(AD)์˜ ์ค‘์ฆ๋„๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ฑด์„  ๋ฉด์  ๋ฐ ์ค‘์ฆ๋„ ์ง€์ˆ˜(PASI)์™€ ์Šค์ฝ”์–ด๋ง ์•„ํ† ํ”ผ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์—ผ(SCORAD)์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‘ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์ž„์ƒ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ ๋งˆ์ปค๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋งŒ ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๊ฑด์„ ๊ณผ AD์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ ๊ธฐ์ „์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์‹œ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ๋น„๋งŒ ์„ธํฌ ๊ณผ๋ฆฝ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ธ ํŠธ๋ฆฝํƒ€์•„์ œ๊ฐ€ ์›์น™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋งˆ์ปค ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\nํ˜ˆ์ฒญ ํŠธ๋ฆฝํƒ€์ œ์™€ ๊ฑด์„  ๋ฐ AD์˜ ์ค‘์ฆ๋„ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด IgE ์ˆ˜์น˜์™€ AD์˜ ์ค‘์ฆ๋„ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n๊ฑด์„  ๋ฐ AD๋กœ ์ž…์›ํ•œ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์€ ์ž…์› ์‹œ์ ๊ณผ ํ‡ด์› ์‹œ์ ์— ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. PASI ๋ฐ SCORAD ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ์ ์— ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๋ง‰ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์–‘์„ฑ ๋น„์—ผ์ฆ์„ฑ ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ๋ณ‘๋ณ€์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์™ธ๋ž˜ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜•๊ด‘ ํšจ์†Œ ๋ฉด์—ญ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ AD ํ™˜์ž์˜ ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ ํŠธ๋ฆฝํƒ€์ œ ๊ฐ’๊ณผ ์ด IgE ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n4)\nํ˜ˆ์ฒญ ํŠธ๋ฆฝํƒ€์ œ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” ๊ฑด์„ ์˜ ์ค‘์ฆ๋„ ๋˜๋Š” AD์˜ ์ค‘์ฆ๋„์™€ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž…์› ๋ฐ ํ‡ด์› ์‹œ AD ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ด IgE ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Serum total tryptase did not prove to be a useful tool in assessing severity of psoriasis or AD. Total IgE levels did not correlate with severity of AD.
ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ ์ด ํŠธ๋ฆฝํƒ€์ œ๋Š” ๊ฑด์„  ๋˜๋Š” ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋ณ‘์˜ ์ค‘์ฆ๋„๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ์ž…์ฆ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด IgE ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋ณ‘์˜ ์ค‘์ฆ๋„์™€ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,082,595
Does heat shock protein 90 inhibition abrogate hepatocellular cancer growth through cdc2-mediated G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis?
{ "contexts": [ "17-(demethoxy), 17-allylamino geldanamycin (17-AAG) suppresses growth in some cancers by inhibiting Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). We examined the effects of 17-AAG-mediated Hsp90 inhibition on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) growth in vitro and in vivo.", "Human HCC cell lines, Hep3B and HuH7, were exposed to 17-AAG and cell viabilities and apoptosis were determined. Cell cycle profiles were analyzed and the G(2)/M cell cycle checkpoint proteins cdc2 and cyclin B1 were examined. Studies were performed to determine whether 17-AAG-mediated cdc2 decrease was due to altered gene expression, transcription, or protein degradation. The effects of 17-AAG on Hep3B and HuH7 xenograft growth in athymic nude mice were also examined.", "Hep3B and HuH7 treated with 17-AAG versus untreated controls showed decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis. Cells treated with 17-AAG also showed an increased fraction in G(2)/M phase and an associated decrease in cdc2 through protein degradation rather than through other mechanisms. Hsp90 inhibition by 17-AAG also decreased HCC xenograft growth in association with decreased cdc2 expression." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Animals", "Apoptosis", "Benzoquinones", "CDC2 Protein Kinase", "Carcinoma, Hepatocellular", "Cell Cycle", "Cell Division", "Cell Line, Tumor", "Cell Survival", "Cyclin B", "Cyclin-Dependent Kinases", "Female", "G2 Phase", "Gene Expression Regulation", "HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins", "Humans", "Lactams, Macrocyclic", "Liver Neoplasms", "Mice", "Mice, Nude", "Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays" ] }
17-AAG-mediated inhibition of Hsp90 abrogates human HCC cell growth in vitro and in vivo through cdc2 decrease, which in turn induces G(2)/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Hsp90 is a mediator of HCC growth and survival and its inhibition may serve as a potential treatment.
yes
pub_med_qa40143
[ { "content": "์—ด์ถฉ๊ฒฉ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ 90 ์–ต์ œ๊ฐ€ cdc2 ๋งค๊ฐœ G2/M ์„ธํฌ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์ •์ง€ ๋ฐ ์„ธํฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฉธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ„์„ธํฌ์•” ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n17-(๋””๋ฉ”ํ†ก์‹œ), 17-์•Œ๋ฆด์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ ๊ฒ”๋‹ค๋งˆ์ด์‹ (17-AAG)์€ ์—ด์ถฉ๊ฒฉ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ 90(Hsp90)์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์•”์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 17-AAG ๋งค๊ฐœ Hsp90 ์–ต์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ„์„ธํฌ์•”(HCC) ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‹œํ—˜๊ด€ ๋‚ด ๋ฐ ์ƒ์ฒด ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์ธ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ„์„ธํฌ์•” ์„ธํฌ์ฃผ์ธ Hep3B์™€ HuH7์„ 17-AAG์— ๋…ธ์ถœ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์„ธํฌ ์ƒ์กด์œจ๊ณผ ์„ธํฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฉธ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธํฌ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ํ”„๋กœํŒŒ์ผ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  G(2)/M ์„ธํฌ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์ฒดํฌํฌ์ธํŠธ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์ธ cdc2์™€ ์‚ฌ์ดํด๋ฆฐ B1์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 17-AAG ๋งค๊ฐœ cdc2 ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ฐœํ˜„, ์ „์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ๋ถ„ํ•ด์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌดํ‰์„  ๋ˆ„๋“œ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์—์„œ 17-AAG๊ฐ€ Hep3B์™€ HuH7 ์ด์ข… ์ด์‹ํŽธ ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๋„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n17-AAG๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ Hep3B์™€ HuH7์€ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธํฌ ์ƒ์กด์œจ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ธํฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฉธ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 17-AAG๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด G(2)/M ์ƒ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  cdc2๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 17-AAG์— ์˜ํ•œ Hsp90 ์–ต์ œ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ cdc2 ๋ฐœํ˜„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ„์„ธํฌ์•” ์ด์ข…์ด์‹ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
17-AAG-mediated inhibition of Hsp90 abrogates human HCC cell growth in vitro and in vivo through cdc2 decrease, which in turn induces G(2)/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Hsp90 is a mediator of HCC growth and survival and its inhibition may serve as a potential treatment.
17-AAG ๋งค๊ฐœ์— ์˜ํ•œ Hsp90 ์–ต์ œ๋Š” cdc2 ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹œํ—˜๊ด€ ๋‚ด ๋ฐ ์ƒ์ฒด ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ„์„ธํฌ์•” ์„ธํฌ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ G(2)/M ์„ธํฌ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์ •์ง€ ๋ฐ ์„ธํฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฉธ์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Hsp90์€ ๊ฐ„์„ธํฌ์•” ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ์ƒ์กด์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœ์ฒด์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด ์–ต์ œ๋Š” ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,067,670
Is a toll-like receptor 4 variant associated with fatal outcome in children with invasive meningococcal disease?
{ "contexts": [ "Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is the major endotoxin signalling receptor of the innate immune system and is required for efficient recognition of bacterial infections. Here, we analysed a possible association between the TLR4 variant Asp299Gly and disease outcome in children with invasive meningococcal disease.", "In total, 197 children with invasive meningococcal disease were analysed for the TLR4 Asp299Gly variant. Genotyping results were correlated with mortality, the frequency of ventilation support, application of inotropic substances, skin grafting, and limb loss.", "The overall Asp299Gly allele frequency was 9.4%. Detection of a heterozygous Asp299Gly TLR4 mutation was significantly associated with fatal outcome (non-survivor group: 31.6% vs. survivor group: 12.1%; p = 0.021) and was even more pronounced in patients with disease onset less than 24 months of age (non-survivor group: 42.8% vs. survivor group: 10.2%; p = 0.006). In this age group, ventilation support was also more frequent in patients with the Asp299Gly genotype (37.5% vs. 6.2%)." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adolescent", "Amino Acid Substitution", "Child", "Child, Preschool", "Europe", "Female", "Gene Frequency", "Genotype", "Humans", "Infant", "Male", "Meningococcal Infections", "Toll-Like Receptor 4", "Young Adult" ] }
Our data suggest that the heterozygous TLR4 Asp299Gly genotype is associated with an increased mortality in children with invasive meningococcal disease.
yes
pub_med_qa40144
[ { "content": "์นจ์Šต์„ฑ ์ˆ˜๋ง‰๊ตฌ๊ท  ์งˆํ™˜์„ ์•“๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ํ†จ ์œ ์‚ฌ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด 4 ๋ณ€์ด๊ฐ€ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\nํ†จ ์œ ์‚ฌ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด 4(TLR4)๋Š” ์„ ์ฒœ ๋ฉด์—ญ๊ณ„์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋‚ด๋…์†Œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ „๋‹ฌ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด๋กœ, ์„ธ๊ท  ๊ฐ์—ผ์„ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์นจ์Šต์„ฑ ์ˆ˜๋ง‰๊ตฌ๊ท  ์งˆํ™˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์—์„œ TLR4 ๋ณ€์ข… Asp299Gly์™€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์ด 197๋ช…์˜ ์นจ์Šต์„ฑ ์ˆ˜๋ง‰๊ตฌ๊ท  ์งˆํ™˜ ์•„๋™์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ TLR4 Asp299Gly ๋ณ€์ข…์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ์ „์žํ˜• ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ , ํ™˜๊ธฐ ์ง€์› ๋นˆ๋„, ๋ฌดํ–ฅ์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ ์ ์šฉ, ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ์ด์‹, ์‚ฌ์ง€ ์†์‹ค๊ณผ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์ „์ฒด Asp299Gly ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์œ ์ „์ž ๋นˆ๋„๋Š” 9.4%์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ˜•์ ‘ํ•ฉ์„ฑ Asp299Gly TLR4 ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด์˜ ๊ฒ€์ถœ์€ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ(๋น„ survivor ๊ทธ๋ฃน: 31.6% ๋Œ€ ์ƒ์กด์ž ๊ทธ๋ฃน: 12.1%; p = 0.021), 24๊ฐœ์›” ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ๋”์šฑ ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(๋น„ survivor ๊ทธ๋ฃน: 42.8% ๋Œ€ ์ƒ์กด์ž ๊ทธ๋ฃน: 10.2%; p = 0.006). ์ด ์—ฐ๋ น๋Œ€์—์„œ๋Š” Asp299Gly ์œ ์ „์žํ˜• ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ํ™˜๊ธฐ ์ง€์›๋„ ๋” ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(37.5% ๋Œ€ 6.2%).", "role": "passage" } ]
Our data suggest that the heterozygous TLR4 Asp299Gly genotype is associated with an increased mortality in children with invasive meningococcal disease.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ดํ˜•์ ‘ํ•ฉ์„ฑ TLR4 Asp299Gly ์œ ์ „์žํ˜•์€ ์นจ์Šต์„ฑ ์ˆ˜๋ง‰๊ตฌ๊ท  ์งˆํ™˜์„ ์•“๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ  ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,082,868
Does coherent averaging improve the evaluation of left ventricular dyssynchrony by conductance catheter?
{ "contexts": [ "Coherent averaging is a technique to recover the response to repetitively applied stimuli when that response is embedded in random noise. We derived novel indices for left ventricular dyssynchrony estimation from volume-catheter signals using coherent averaging procedure: mechanical dyssynchrony (DYSCoh) internal flow fraction (IFFCoh) and mechanical dispersion (DISPCoh). The percentage power of non-repetitive components in the volume signals (ResTotAvg) was also estimated. The aims of the study were to evaluate the indices, characterizing repetitive and non-recurrent components of the conductance-volume signals, and to assess the ability of these indices to detect the changes in dyssynchrony induced by biventricular pacing (BIV).", "We compared the results obtained in 20 heart failure patients indicated to BIV (HF Group) during spontaneous conduction with the results from 12 patients with preserved ventricular function (non-HF Group), and with those obtained during BIV.", "DISPCoh and ResTotAvg were significantly different in HF compared to non-HF group, and identified HF patients with high accuracy (area under curve at ROC analysis > 0.8). These indices also demonstrated significant differences after BIV (p = 0.047 and p = 0.037 respectively) and their baseline values correlated with the acute increase of stroke volume (r = 0.64 and r = 0.78, both with p < 0.005)." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Aged", "Algorithms", "Catheterization, Swan-Ganz", "Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted", "Female", "Heart Failure", "Humans", "Male", "Manometry", "Plethysmography, Impedance", "Regression Analysis", "Reproducibility of Results", "Sensitivity and Specificity", "Ventricular Dysfunction, Left" ] }
Coherent averaging-based indices permit independent quantification and differentiation of repetitive components of ventricular dyssynchrony from non-recurrent mechanical non-uniformities, which seem associated with HF and conduction disturbances. These indices identified HF patients with high accuracy, and were able to describe the reversal of dyssynchrony caused by BIV and to predict the acute hemodynamic improvement.
yes
pub_med_qa40145
[ { "content": "์ผ๊ด€๋œ ํ‰๊ท ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ „๋„ ์นดํ…Œํ„ฐ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ขŒ์‹ฌ์‹ค ๋ถ€๋™๊ธฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋‚˜์š”?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ฝ”ํžˆ์–ด๋ŸฐํŠธ ํ‰๊ท ํ™”๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ž๊ทน์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„ ๋…ธ์ด์ฆˆ์— ํฌํ•จ๋  ๋•Œ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณต๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฝ”ํžˆ์–ด๋ŸฐํŠธ ํ‰๊ท ํ™” ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณผ๋ฅจ-์บํ„ฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ขŒ์‹ฌ์‹ค ๋น„๋™๊ธฐ ์ถ”์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ง€ํ‘œ์ธ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ๋น„๋™๊ธฐ(DISCOH) ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ํ๋ฆ„ ๋น„์œจ(IFFCoh)๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ๋ถ„์‚ฐ(DISpCOh)์„ ๋„์ถœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณผ๋ฅจ ์‹ ํ˜ธ(ResTotAvg)์—์„œ ๋น„๋ฐ˜๋ณต ์„ฑ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œจ ํŒŒ์›Œ๋„ ์ถ”์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์ „๋„๋„-๋ณผ๋ฅจ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ์„ฑ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๋น„๋ฐ˜๋ณต ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ํŠน์„ฑํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง€ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์ด์‹ฌ์‹ค ํŽ˜์ด์‹ฑ(BIV)์— ์˜ํ•ด ์œ ๋„๋œ ๋น„๋™๊ธฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์ธ ์ „๋„ ์ค‘์— BIV(๋น„-HF ๊ทธ๋ฃน)๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ 20๋ช…์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ถ€์ „ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์‹ฌ์‹ค ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ๋ณด์กด๋œ 12๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค(๋น„-HF ๊ทธ๋ฃน)์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\nDIPSCoh์™€ ResTotAvg๋Š” ๋น„-HF ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ๋น„ํ•ด HF์—์„œ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋†’์€ ์ •ํ™•๋„(ROC ๋ถ„์„ ์‹œ ๊ณก์„  ์•„๋ž˜ ๋ฉด์  > 0.8)๋กœ HF ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ BIV ํ›„ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ(๊ฐ๊ฐ p = 0.047 ๋ฐ p = 0.037), ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€๊ฐ’์€ ๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘ ๋ณผ๋ฅจ์˜ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(r = 0.64 ๋ฐ r = 0.78, ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค p < 0.005).", "role": "passage" } ]
Coherent averaging-based indices permit independent quantification and differentiation of repetitive components of ventricular dyssynchrony from non-recurrent mechanical non-uniformities, which seem associated with HF and conduction disturbances. These indices identified HF patients with high accuracy, and were able to describe the reversal of dyssynchrony caused by BIV and to predict the acute hemodynamic improvement.
์ผ๊ด€๋œ ํ‰๊ท ํ™” ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์‹ฌ์‹ค ๋ถ€๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋น„๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ๋น„๊ท ์ผ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋Ÿ‰ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” HF ๋ฐ ์ „๋„ ์žฅ์• ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋†’์€ ์ •ํ™•๋„๋กœ ์‹ฌ์‹ค ๋ถ€๋™๊ธฐ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, BIV๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ถ€๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์ „์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ํ˜ˆ์—ญํ•™์  ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,063,746
Do functionally related transcripts have common RNA motifs for specific RNA-binding proteins in trypanosomes?
{ "contexts": [ "Trypanosomes mostly control gene expression by post-transcriptional events such as modulation of mRNA stability and translational efficiency. These mechanisms involve RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), which associate with transcripts to form messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) complexes.", "In this study, we report the identification of mRNA targets for Trypanosoma cruzi U-rich RBP 1 (TcUBP1) and T. cruzi RBP 3 (TcRBP3), two phylogenetically conserved proteins among Kinetoplastids. Co-immunoprecipitated RBP-associated RNAs were extracted from mRNP complexes and binding of RBPs to several targets was confirmed by independent experimental assays. Analysis of target transcript sequences allowed the identification of different signature RNA motifs for each protein. Cis-elements for RBP binding have a stem-loop structure of 30-35 bases and are more frequently represented in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of mRNAs. Insertion of the correctly folded RNA elements to a non-specific mRNA rendered it into a target transcript, whereas substitution of the RNA elements abolished RBP interaction. In addition, RBPs competed for RNA-binding sites in accordance with the distribution of different and overlapping motifs in the 3'-UTRs of common mRNAs." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Amino Acid Sequence", "Animals", "Base Sequence", "Conserved Sequence", "Databases, Protein", "Gene Expression Regulation", "Molecular Sequence Data", "Mutation", "Protein Binding", "RNA", "RNA-Binding Proteins", "Reproducibility of Results", "Sequence Alignment", "Trypanosoma cruzi" ] }
Functionally related transcripts were preferentially associated with a given RBP; TcUBP1 targets were enriched in genes encoding proteins involved in metabolism, whereas ribosomal protein-encoding transcripts were the largest group within TcRBP3 targets. Together, these results suggest coordinated control of different mRNA subsets at the post-transcriptional level by specific RBPs.
yes
pub_med_qa40146
[ { "content": "๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ „์‚ฌ์ฒด๋Š” ํŠธ๋ฆฌํŒŒ๋…ธ์†œ์—์„œ ํŠน์ • RNA ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์— ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์ธ RNA ๋ชจํ‹ฐํ”„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ „์‚ฌ์ฒด๋Š” ํŠธ๋ฆฌํŒŒ๋…ธ์†œ์—์„œ ํŠน์ • RNA ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์— ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์ธ RNA ๋ชจํ‹ฐํ”„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "passage" } ]
Functionally related transcripts were preferentially associated with a given RBP; TcUBP1 targets were enriched in genes encoding proteins involved in metabolism, whereas ribosomal protein-encoding transcripts were the largest group within TcRBP3 targets. Together, these results suggest coordinated control of different mRNA subsets at the post-transcriptional level by specific RBPs.
๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ „์‚ฌ์ฒด๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ RBP์™€ ์šฐ์„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. TcUBP1 ํ‘œ์ ์€ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ์•”ํ˜ธํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๋ฆฌ๋ณด์†œ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ์•”ํ˜ธํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „์‚ฌ์ฒด๋Š” TcRBP3 ํ‘œ์  ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ํŠน์ • RBP์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ „์‚ฌ ํ›„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ mRNA ํ•˜์œ„ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์„ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์–ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,073,389
Does preoperative haemostasis testing predict requirement of blood products in cardiac surgery?
{ "contexts": [ "Standard haemostasis screening tests are performed to reveal unknown congenital or acquired disturbances of plasma and/or platelet haemostasis. Since their diagnostic efficacy is often low, routinely performed haemostasis testing has been questioned. We investigated whether preoperatively assessed haemostasis testing can be used to predict the requirement of blood products.", "We retrospectively assessed haemostasis parameters including platelet function testing by PFA 100 as well as the numbers of red blood cell (RBC) concentrates, fresh frozen plasmas (FFPs), and platelet concentrates (PCs) that were given peri-operatively and during the first two postoperative days in 2,831 cardiac surgery patients. Logistic regression analyses were used to select those parameters, which could predict blood product requirement.", "Of our study cohort, 56.5% needed RBCs, 15% FFPs, and 5% PCs. The need for RBCs was associated with significantly altered pre-operative values of most haemostasis parameters. However, by the use of logistic regression analysis fibrinogen was the only haemostasis parameter that was independently associated with the use of RBCs (odds ratio 1.56; 95% CI: 1.27-1.91; P <0.001). The predictive value of other parameters such as age, body weight, haemoglobin, and haematocrit was however much higher in comparison to fibrinogen (odds ratios: 1.92-3.50; P <0.001). It was not possible to develop a score based on haemostasis parameters to accurately identify patients at risk for RBC use. Moreover, we were unable to estimate the need for FFPs and PCs using preoperative haemostasis testing." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Aged", "Blood Coagulation Tests", "Blood Component Transfusion", "Blood Loss, Surgical", "Cardiac Surgical Procedures", "Cohort Studies", "Female", "Hemostasis", "Humans", "Intraoperative Complications", "Logistic Models", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Platelet Function Tests", "Predictive Value of Tests", "Preoperative Care", "Retrospective Studies" ] }
Our data demonstrate that preoperatively performed haemostasis testing is not predictive in estimating the need for blood products in cardiac surgery patients.
no
pub_med_qa40147
[ { "content": "์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ „ ์ง€ํ˜ˆ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์—์„œ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์ œ์ œ์˜ ํ•„์š”๋Ÿ‰์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\nํ‘œ์ค€ ์ง€ํ˜ˆ ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฌ๋‹ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ˜ˆ์žฅ ๋ฐ/๋˜๋Š” ํ˜ˆ์†ŒํŒ ์ง€ํ˜ˆ์˜ ์„ ์ฒœ์  ๋˜๋Š” ํ›„์ฒœ์  ๊ต๋ž€์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง„๋‹จ ํšจ๋Šฅ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ผ์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ์ง€ํ˜ˆ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์— ์˜๋ฌธ์ด ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ „ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋œ ์ง€ํ˜ˆ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์ œ์ œ์˜ ํ•„์š”๋Ÿ‰์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 2,831๋ช…์˜ ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ PFA 100์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ˜ˆ์†ŒํŒ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์™€ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ „ํ›„ ์ฒซ ๋‘ ๋‚  ๋™์•ˆ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋œ ์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ(RBC) ๋†์ถ•์•ก, ์‹ ์„  ๋ƒ‰๋™ ํ˜ˆ์žฅ(FFP), ํ˜ˆ์†ŒํŒ ๋†์ถ•์•ก(PC)์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ง€ํ˜ˆ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ›„ํ–ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์ œ์ œ ์š”๊ตฌ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฝ”ํ˜ธํŠธ ์ค‘ 56.5%๋Š” RBC, 15%๋Š” FFP, 5%๋Š” PC๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. RBC์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ง€ํ˜ˆ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ „ ๊ฐ’์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ”ผ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋…ธ๊ฒ์€ RBC์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ณผ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋œ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์ง€ํ˜ˆ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(odds ratio 1.56; 95% CI: 1.27-1.91; P <0.001). ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚˜์ด, ์ฒด์ค‘, ํ—ค๋ชจ๊ธ€๋กœ๋นˆ, ํ—ค๋งˆํ† ํฌ๋ฆฟ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์˜ˆ์ธก๊ฐ’์€ ํ”ผ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋…ธ๊ฒ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋†’์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(odds ratio: 1.92-3.50; P <0.001). RBC ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง€ํ˜ˆ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ „ ์ง€ํ˜ˆ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด FFP์™€ PC์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Our data demonstrate that preoperatively performed haemostasis testing is not predictive in estimating the need for blood products in cardiac surgery patients.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ „์— ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์ง€ํ˜ˆ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ™˜์ž์˜ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์ œ์ œ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,064,780
Does genomewide linkage in a large Caucasian family map a new locus for intracranial aneurysms to chromosome 13q?
{ "contexts": [ "Familial aggregation of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) indicates a genetic role in the pathogenesis of this disease. Despite a number of reported susceptibility loci, no disease-causing gene variants have been identified. In this study, we used a parametric genomewide linkage approach to search for new IA susceptibility loci in a large Caucasian family.", "The affection status of family members with clinical signs of IA was confirmed with medical records or through radiological or surgical examinations. All other relatives were screened using MR angiography. Genomewide linkage analysis was performed on 35 subjects using approximately 250 000 single nucleotide polymorphic markers.", "Ten individuals had an IA. Linkage analysis using a dominant model showed significant linkage to a 7-cM region in 13q14.12-21.1 with a maximum logarithm of odds score of 4.56." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Aged", "Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13", "European Continental Ancestry Group", "Female", "Genetic Linkage", "Genetic Predisposition to Disease", "Humans", "Intracranial Aneurysm", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Pedigree", "Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide" ] }
A new IA susceptibility locus on 13q was identified, adding to the number of IA loci already reported. Given that no coding variants have been reported to date, it is possible that alternative genetic variants such as regulatory elements or copy number variation are important in IA pathogenesis. We are proceeding with attempts to identify such variants in our locus.
yes
pub_med_qa40148
[ { "content": "๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ ์ „์ฒด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ด 13q ์—ผ์ƒ‰์ฒด์— ๋‘๊ฐœ๋‚ด ๋™๋งฅ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๋งคํ•‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๋‘๊ฐœ๋‚ด ๋™๋งฅ๋ฅ˜(IA)์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์‘์ง‘์€ ์ด ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ ๊ธฐ์ „์—์„œ ์œ ์ „์  ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ ์œ ์ „์ž์ขŒ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ณ€์ด๋Š” ํ™•์ธ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์œ ์ „์ฒด ์ „์ฒด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด IA ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ ์œ ์ „์ž์ขŒ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์ž„์ƒ์  IA ์ง•ํ›„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์˜ ์• ์ • ์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ์˜๋ฌด ๊ธฐ๋ก ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ํ•™์  ๋˜๋Š” ์™ธ๊ณผ์  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์นœ์ฒ™์€ MR ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์กฐ์˜์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ ๋ณ„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ฝ 25๋งŒ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹จ์ผ ๋‰ดํด๋ ˆ์˜คํƒ€์ด๋“œ ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ ๋งˆ์ปค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 35๋ช…์˜ ํ”ผํ—˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์—ด ๋ช…์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด IA๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„ฑ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ด€ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, 13q14.12-21.1์—์„œ 7-cM ์˜์—ญ๊ณผ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋กœ๊ทธ ์Šน์ˆ˜ ์ ์ˆ˜๋Š” 4.56์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
A new IA susceptibility locus on 13q was identified, adding to the number of IA loci already reported. Given that no coding variants have been reported to date, it is possible that alternative genetic variants such as regulatory elements or copy number variation are important in IA pathogenesis. We are proceeding with attempts to identify such variants in our locus.
13q์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด IA ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ ์œ ์ „์ž์ขŒ๊ฐ€ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์–ด ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ IA ์œ ์ „์ž์ขŒ์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฝ”๋”ฉ ๋ณ€์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์กฐ์ ˆ ์š”์†Œ๋‚˜ ์นดํ”ผ ์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋Œ€์ฒด ์œ ์ „์  ๋ณ€์ด๊ฐ€ IA ๋ณ‘์ธ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์œ ์ „์ž์ขŒ์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€์ด๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๋„๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,062,288
Is plant pattern-recognition receptor FLS2 directed for degradation by the bacterial ubiquitin ligase AvrPtoB?
{ "contexts": [ "An important layer of active defense in plant immunity is the detection of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) mediated by cell-surface receptors. For the establishment of disease, pathogens depend on the ability to overcome PAMP perception and disable plant signaling pathways activated in response to PAMPs. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are therefore prime targets for pathogen effectors. FLS2, its coreceptor BAK1, and EFR encode receptor-like kinases that play a role in immunity against bacterial pathogens.", "Here, we report that virulence of Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 (PtoDC3000) in Arabidopsis is enhanced through the action of its effector AvrPtoB, which promotes degradation of FLS2. We show that AvrPtoB, through its N terminus, associates with FLS2 and BAK1, of which interaction with FLS2 is enhanced by flg22 activation. In vitro, AvrPtoB is active as an E3 ligase to catalyze polyubiquitination of the kinase domain of FLS2, a process confirmed in planta. Full enhancement of PtoDC3000 virulence appears to require the E3 ligase activity of AvrPtoB." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Arabidopsis", "Arabidopsis Proteins", "Bacterial Proteins", "Gene Expression Regulation, Plant", "Lycopersicon esculentum", "Plant Diseases", "Protein Kinases", "Pseudomonas syringae", "Signal Transduction", "Ubiquitin" ] }
AvrPtoB, initially identified through its activation of hypersensitive resistance in tomato cultivars expressing the Pto kinase, is composed of at least two functional domains: the N terminus is responsible for interaction with Pto, and the C terminus carries an E3 ligase activity. Based on our findings, we propose that both domains of AvrPtoB act together to support the virulence of PtoDC3000 in Arabidopsis through their ability to eliminate FLS2 from the cell periphery, and probably also other PAMP sensors that are constitutively expressed or induced after pathogen challenge.
yes
pub_med_qa40149
[ { "content": "์‹๋ฌผ ํŒจํ„ด ์ธ์‹ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด FLS2๋Š” ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์œ ๋น„ํ€ดํ‹ด ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€์•„์ œ AvrPtoB์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์‹๋ฌผ ๋ฉด์—ญ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋Šฅ๋™ ๋ฐฉ์–ด์ธต์€ ์„ธํฌ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋งค๊ฐœ๋˜๋Š” ๋ณ‘์›์ฒด ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ถ„์ž ํŒจํ„ด(PAMP)์„ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณ‘์›์ฒด๋Š” PAMP ์ธ์‹์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  PAMP์— ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋œ ์‹๋ฌผ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋น„ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ์˜์กดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํŒจํ„ด ์ธ์‹ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด(PRR)๋Š” ๋ณ‘์›์ฒด ์ดํŽ™ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ํ‘œ์ ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. FLS2, ๊ทธ ๊ณต๋™ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด BAK1, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  EFR์€ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋ณ‘์›์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฉด์—ญ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ์œ ์‚ฌ ํ‚ค๋‚˜์ œ๋ฅผ ์•”ํ˜ธํ™”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” Arabidopsis์—์„œ Pseudomonas sringae pv ํ† ๋งˆํ†  DC3000 (PtoDC3000)์˜ ๋…์„ฑ์ด FLS2์˜ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ์ž AvrPtoB์˜ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” AvrPtoB๊ฐ€ N ๋ง๋‹จ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด FLS2 ๋ฐ BAK1๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ์ค‘ FLS2์™€์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์€ flg22 ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œํ—˜๊ด€ ๋‚ด์—์„œ AvrPtoB๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ์—์„œ ํ™•์ธ๋œ ๊ณผ์ •์ธ FLS2 ํ‚ค๋‚˜์ œ ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ์˜ ํด๋ฆฌ์œ ๋น„ํ€ดํ‹ดํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด‰๋งคํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด E3 ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€์ œ๋กœ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. PtoDC3000 ๋…์„ฑ์˜ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์€ AvrPtoB์˜ E3 ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€์ œ ํ™œ์„ฑ์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
AvrPtoB, initially identified through its activation of hypersensitive resistance in tomato cultivars expressing the Pto kinase, is composed of at least two functional domains: the N terminus is responsible for interaction with Pto, and the C terminus carries an E3 ligase activity. Based on our findings, we propose that both domains of AvrPtoB act together to support the virulence of PtoDC3000 in Arabidopsis through their ability to eliminate FLS2 from the cell periphery, and probably also other PAMP sensors that are constitutively expressed or induced after pathogen challenge.
AvrPtoB๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ์— Pto ํ‚ค๋‚˜์•„์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ† ๋งˆํ†  ํ’ˆ์ข…์—์„œ ๊ณผ๋ฏผ์„ฑ ๋‚ด์„ฑ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ ์–ด๋„ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: N ๋ง๋‹จ์€ Pto์™€์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๊ณ , C ๋ง๋‹จ์€ E3 ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€์ œ ํ™œ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” AvrPtoB์˜ ๋‘ ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ์ด ์„ธํฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€๋ถ€์—์„œ FLS2๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด Arabidopsis์—์„œ PtoDC3000์˜ ๋…์„ฑ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋ณ‘์›์ฒด ๊ณต๊ฒฉ ํ›„ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์œ ๋„๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ PAMP ์„ผ์„œ๋“ค๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž‘์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,062,289
Do multiple phytochrome-interacting bHLH transcription factors repress premature seedling photomorphogenesis in darkness?
{ "contexts": [ "An important contributing factor to the success of terrestrial flowering plants in colonizing the land was the evolution of a developmental strategy, termed skotomorphogenesis, whereby postgerminative seedlings emerging from buried seed grow vigorously upward in the subterranean darkness toward the soil surface.", "Here we provide genetic evidence that a central component of the mechanism underlying this strategy is the collective repression of premature photomorphogenic development in dark-grown seedlings by several members of the phytochrome (phy)-interacting factor (PIF) subfamily of bHLH transcription factors (PIF1, PIF3, PIF4, and PIF5). Conversely, evidence presented here and elsewhere collectively indicates that a significant component of the mechanism by which light initiates photomorphogenesis upon first exposure of dark-grown seedlings to irradiation involves reversal of this repression by rapid reduction in the abundance of these PIF proteins, through degradation induced by direct interaction of the photoactivated phy molecule with the transcription factors." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Arabidopsis Proteins", "Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors", "Darkness", "Gene Expression Regulation, Plant", "Light", "Morphogenesis", "Physiological Phenomena", "Phytochrome", "Seedlings", "Signal Transduction" ] }
We conclude that bHLH transcription factors PIF1, PIF3, PIF4, and PIF5 act as constitutive repressors of photomorphogenesis in the dark, action that is rapidly abrogated upon light exposure by phy-induced proteolytic degradation of these PIFs, allowing the initiation of photomorphogenesis to occur.
yes
pub_med_qa40150
[ { "content": "์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹๋ฌผ์„ฑ ํฌ๋กฌ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ bHLH ์ „์‚ฌ ์ธ์ž๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋‘  ์†์—์„œ ์กฐ๊ธฐ ๋ฌ˜๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ด‘ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์œก์ƒ ๊ฝƒ ์‹๋ฌผ์ด ๋•…์„ ์‹๋ฏผ์ง€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์€ ์ง€ํ•˜ ์–ด๋‘  ์†์—์„œ ํ† ์–‘ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์•„ ํ›„ ๋ฌ˜๋ชฉ์ธ ์Šค์ฝ”ํ† ๋ชจํฌ์ œ๋„ค์‹œ์Šค(scotomorphogenesis)๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ์ „๋žต์˜ ์ง„ํ™”์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ „๋žต์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ bHLH ์ „์‚ฌ ์ธ์ž(PIF1, PIF3, PIF4, PIF5)์˜ ํŒŒ์ดํ† ํฌ๋กฌ(phy) ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์ธ์ž(PIF) ํ•˜์œ„ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์— ์˜ํ•ด ์•”์„ฑ์žฅ ๋ฌ˜๋ชฉ์—์„œ ์กฐ๊ธฐ ๊ด‘ํ˜•์„ฑ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์ด ์ง‘๋‹จ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ต์ œ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์œ ์ „์  ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ์•”์„ฑ์žฅ ๋ฌ˜๋ชฉ์ด ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์— ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋น›์ด ๊ด‘ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ PIF ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•จ์„ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์ผœ ์—ญ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ด‘ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋œ phy ๋ถ„์ž์™€ ์ „์‚ฌ ์ธ์ž์˜ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์œ ๋„๋œ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
We conclude that bHLH transcription factors PIF1, PIF3, PIF4, and PIF5 act as constitutive repressors of photomorphogenesis in the dark, action that is rapidly abrogated upon light exposure by phy-induced proteolytic degradation of these PIFs, allowing the initiation of photomorphogenesis to occur.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” bHLH ์ „์‚ฌ ์ธ์ž PIF1, PIF3, PIF4, ๋ฐ PIF5๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋‘  ์†์—์„œ ๊ด‘ํ˜•์„ฑ ์–ต์ œ ์ธ์ž๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ PIF์˜ ์‹๋ฌผ์„ฑ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ๋ถ„ํ•ด์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋น›์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋  ๋•Œ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋˜์–ด ๊ด‘ํ˜•์„ฑ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,074,443
Does regular physical activity prevent development of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertension?
{ "contexts": [ "The longitudinal relationship between aerobic exercise and left ventricular (LV) mass in hypertension is not well known. We did a prospective study to investigate the long-term effect of regular physical activity on development of LV hypertrophy (LVH) in a cohort of young subjects screened for Stage 1 hypertension.", "We assessed 454 subjects whose physical activity status was consistent during the follow-up. Echocardiographic LV mass was measured at entry, every 5 years, and/or at the time of hypertension development before starting treatment. LVH was defined as an LV mass >/=50 g/m(2.7) in men and >/=47 g/m(2.7) in women. During a median follow-up of 8.3 years, 32 subjects developed LVH (sedentary, 10.3%; active, 1.7%, P = 0.000). In a logistic regression, physically active groups combined (n = 173) were less likely to develop LVH than sedentary group with a crude OR = 0.15 (CI, 0.05-0.52). After controlling for sex, age, family history for hypertension, hypertension duration, body mass, blood pressure, baseline LV mass, lifestyle factors, and follow-up length, the OR was 0.24 (CI, 0.07-0.85). Blood pressure declined over time in physically active subjects (-5.1 +/- 17.0/-0.5 +/- 10.2 mmHg) and slightly increased in their sedentary peers (0.0 +/- 15.3/0.9 +/- 9.7 mmHg, adjusted P vs. active = 0.04/0.06). Inclusion of changes in blood pressure over time into the logistic model slightly decreased the strength of the association between physical activity status and LVH development (OR = 0.25, CI, 0.07-0.87)." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adolescent", "Adult", "Echocardiography", "Epidemiologic Methods", "Exercise", "Female", "Humans", "Hypertension", "Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Young Adult" ] }
Regular physical activity prevents the development of LVH in young stage 1 hypertensive subjects. This effect is independent from the reduction in blood pressure caused by exercise.
yes
pub_med_qa40151
[ { "content": "๊ทœ์น™์ ์ธ ์‹ ์ฒด ํ™œ๋™์ด ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••์—์„œ ์ขŒ์‹ฌ์‹ค ๋น„๋Œ€์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "๊ทœ์น™์ ์ธ ์‹ ์ฒด ํ™œ๋™์ด ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••์—์„œ ์ขŒ์‹ฌ์‹ค ๋น„๋Œ€์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "passage" } ]
Regular physical activity prevents the development of LVH in young stage 1 hypertensive subjects. This effect is independent from the reduction in blood pressure caused by exercise.
๊ทœ์น™์ ์ธ ์‹ ์ฒด ํ™œ๋™์€ ์ Š์€ 1๊ธฐ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์•• ํ™˜์ž์˜ LVH ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์šด๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ˜ˆ์•• ๊ฐ์†Œ์™€๋Š” ๋ฌด๊ด€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,055,708
Does prostaglandin E2-EP1 and EP2 receptor signaling promote apical junctional complex disassembly of Caco-2 human colorectal cancer cells?
{ "contexts": [ "The apical junctional complex (AJC) is a dynamic structure responsible to maintain epithelial cell-cell adhesions and it plays important functions such as, polarity, mechanical integrity, and cell signaling. Alteration of this complex during pathological events leads to an impaired epithelial barrier by perturbation of the cell-cell adhesion system. Although clinical and experimental data indicate that prostaglandin E(2) (PGE2) plays a critical function in promoting cell motility and cancer progression, little is known concerning its role in AJC disassembly, an event that takes place at the beginning of colorectal tumorigenesis. Using Caco-2 cells, a cell line derived from human colorectal cancer, we investigated the effects of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) treatment on AJC assembly and function.", "Exposition of Caco-2 cells to PGE(2) promoted differential alteration of AJC protein distribution, as evidenced by immunofluorescence and immunoblotting analysis and impairs the barrier function, as seen by a decrease in the transepithelial electric resistance and an increase in the permeability to ruthenium red marker. We demonstrated the involvement of EP1 and EP2 prostaglandin E(2) receptor subtypes in the modulation of the AJC disassembly caused by prostanoid. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of protein kinase-C, but not PKA and p38MAPK significantly prevented the PGE(2) effects on the AJC disassembly." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adherens Junctions", "Caco-2 Cells", "Cell Adhesion", "Cell Membrane Permeability", "Claudin-1", "Colorectal Neoplasms", "Dinoprostone", "Humans", "Intercellular Junctions", "Membrane Proteins", "Microscopy, Electron, Transmission", "Protein Kinase C", "Receptors, Prostaglandin E", "Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP1 Subtype", "Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype", "Signal Transduction", "Tight Junctions" ] }
Our findings strongly suggest a central role of Prostaglandin E2-EP1 and EP2 receptor signaling to mediate AJC disassembly through a mechanism that involves PKC and claudin-1 as important target for the TJ-related effects in human colorectal cancer cells (Caco-2).
yes
pub_med_qa40152
[ { "content": "ํ”„๋กœ์Šคํƒ€๊ธ€๋ž€๋”˜ E2-EP1 ๋ฐ EP2 ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ „๋‹ฌ์ด Caco-2 ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋Œ€์žฅ์•” ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ •์  ์ ‘ํ•ฉ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ฒด ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ •์  ์ ‘ํ•ฉ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ฒด(AJC)๋Š” ์ƒํ”ผ ์„ธํฌ-์„ธํฌ ์ ‘์ฐฉ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ, ๊ทน์„ฑ, ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ๋ฌด๊ฒฐ์„ฑ, ์„ธํฌ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ „๋‹ฌ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌํ•™์  ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋™์•ˆ ์ด ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋˜๋ฉด ์„ธํฌ-์„ธํฌ ์ ‘์ฐฉ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ต๋ž€์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ƒํ”ผ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์ด ์†์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž„์ƒ ๋ฐ ์‹คํ—˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ํ”„๋กœ์Šคํƒ€๊ธ€๋ž€๋”˜ E(2)(PGE2)๋Š” ์„ธํฌ ์šด๋™์„ฑ๊ณผ ์•” ์ง„ํ–‰์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋Œ€์žฅ ์ข…์–‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” AJC ๋ถ„ํ•ด์—์„œ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋Œ€์žฅ์•”์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜ํ•œ ์„ธํฌ์ฃผ์ธ Caco-2 ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์Šคํƒ€๊ธ€๋ž€๋”˜ E(2)(PGE(2) ์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ AJC ์กฐ๋ฆฝ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\nCaco-2 ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ PGE(2)์— ๋…ธ์ถœ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด ๋ฉด์—ญํ˜•๊ด‘ ๋ฐ ๋ฉด์—ญ๋ธ”๋กฏํŒ… ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž…์ฆ๋œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด AJC ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ๋ถ„ํฌ์˜ ์ฐจ๋“ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ด‰์ง„๋˜๊ณ , ๊ฒฝํ”ผ ์ „๊ธฐ ์ €ํ•ญ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฃจํ…Œ๋Š„ ์ ์ƒ‰ ๋งˆ์ปค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์†์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์Šคํƒ€๋…ธ์ด๋“œ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์œ ๋ฐœ๋œ AJC ๋ถ„ํ•ด ์กฐ์ ˆ์— EP1 ๋ฐ EP2 ํ”„๋กœ์Šคํƒ€๊ธ€๋ž€๋”˜ E(2) ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ์•„ํ˜•์ด ๊ด€์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž…์ฆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ํ‚ค๋‚˜์•„์ œ-C์˜ ์•ฝ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ์–ต์ œ๋Š” PKA์™€ p38MAPK๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ PGE(2) ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ AJC ๋ถ„ํ•ด์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Our findings strongly suggest a central role of Prostaglandin E2-EP1 and EP2 receptor signaling to mediate AJC disassembly through a mechanism that involves PKC and claudin-1 as important target for the TJ-related effects in human colorectal cancer cells (Caco-2).
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋Œ€์žฅ์•” ์„ธํฌ(Caco-2)์—์„œ TJ ๊ด€๋ จ ํšจ๊ณผ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํ‘œ์ ์œผ๋กœ PKC์™€ ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋”˜-1์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด AJC ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋งค๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์Šคํƒ€๊ธ€๋ž€๋”˜ E2-EP1 ๋ฐ EP2 ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ „๋‹ฌ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,055,702
Is consistency of the initial cell acquisition procedure critical to the standardization of CD34+ cell enumeration by flow cytometry : results of a pairwise analysis of umbilical cord blood units and cryopreserved aliquots?
{ "contexts": [ "The CD34+ cell content is a predictive factor for engraftment and survival after umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplantation. The high variability in the CD34 assay results in different recommended cell doses for infusion across transplant centers and also limits the clinical utility of the CD34+ cell counts provided by cord blood banks (CBBs). This bi-institutional study was intended to understand the sources of this variability.", "The level of CD34 agreement between the University of Minnesota (UM) and the Madrid CBB (MCBB) was evaluated on 50 UCB units before and after cryopreservation. Two cryopreserved vials per unit were thawed and processed at both laboratories. Dual-platform ISHAGE-based flow cytometry was used for CD34 enumeration.", "Postthaw nucleated cell recoveries were similar. However, whereas CD34+ cell enumeration before freezing was 0.35 +/- 0.22 percent, the results after thawing were 0.98 +/- 0.65 and 0.57 +/- 0.39 percent at UM and MCBB, respectively. Bland-Altman plots analysis ruled out the interchangeability of MCBB and UM CD34 values. Differences in the initial cell acquisition settings accounted for most of the CD34 discrepancy, which was no longer present after normalization of the forward scatter threshold for cell acquisition." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Antigens, CD34", "Blood Cell Count", "Cell Separation", "Cell Survival", "Cells, Cultured", "Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation", "Cryopreservation", "Factor VIII", "Fetal Blood", "Fibrinogen", "Flow Cytometry", "Humans", "Linear Models", "Matched-Pair Analysis", "Reproducibility of Results" ] }
The standardization of CD34+ cell enumeration by flow cytometry is strongly reliant on a consistent initial cell acquisition procedure. The interlaboratory variation can be minimized by using frozen cell aliquots as reference samples. Both requisites should be considered for CD34 testing and UCB unit selection by regulatory institutions involved with cord blood banking and transplantation.
yes
pub_med_qa40153
[ { "content": "์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์„ธํฌ ํš๋“ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์˜ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ์œ ์„ธํฌ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•œ CD34+ ์„ธํฌ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ด๋Š” ์ œ๋Œ€ํ˜ˆ ๋‹จ์œ„์™€ ๋ƒ‰๋™ ๋ณด์กด๋œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์˜ ์Œ๋ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\nCD34+ ์„ธํฌ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ œ๋Œ€ํ˜ˆ(UCB) ์ด์‹ ํ›„ ์ƒ์ฐฉ๊ณผ ์ƒ์กด์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. CD34 ๋ถ„์„์˜ ๋†’์€ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ์€ ์ด์‹ ์„ผํ„ฐ ๊ฐ„์— ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ถŒ์žฅ ์„ธํฌ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ œ๋Œ€ํ˜ˆ ์€ํ–‰(CBB)์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” CD34+ ์„ธํฌ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ž„์ƒ์  ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ๋„ ์ œํ•œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ด์ค‘ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ์˜ ์›์ธ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n๋ฏธ๋„ค์†Œํƒ€ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต(UM)์™€ ๋งˆ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋“œ CBB(MCBB) ๊ฐ„์˜ CD34 ํ•ฉ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ๋ƒ‰๋™ ๋ณด์กด ์ „ํ›„์— 50๊ฐœ์˜ UCB ์œ ๋‹›์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์œ ๋‹›๋‹น ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ƒ‰๋™ ๋ณด์กด ๋ฐ”์ด์•Œ์„ ํ•ด๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‘ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. CD34 ์—ด๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” ์ด์ค‘ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ISHAGE ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์œ ์„ธํฌ ๋ถ„์„๋ฒ•์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\nํ•ด๋™ ํ›„ ํ•ตํ˜•์„ฑ ์„ธํฌ ํšŒ์ˆ˜์œจ์€ ๋น„์Šทํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋™๊ฒฐ ์ „ CD34+ ์„ธํฌ ์ˆ˜๋Š” 0.35 +/- 0.22%์ธ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ํ•ด๋™ ํ›„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” UM๊ณผ MCBB์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 0.98 +/- 0.65 ๋ฐ 0.57 +/- 0.39%์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Bland-Altman ํ”Œ๋กฏ ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ๋Š” MCBB์™€ UM CD34 ๊ฐ’์˜ ๊ตํ™˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์„ธํฌ ํš๋“ ์„ค์ •์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์„ธํฌ ํš๋“์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „๋ฐฉ ์‚ฐ๋ž€ ์ž„๊ณ„๊ฐ’์ด ์ •์ƒํ™”๋œ ํ›„ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” CD34 ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
The standardization of CD34+ cell enumeration by flow cytometry is strongly reliant on a consistent initial cell acquisition procedure. The interlaboratory variation can be minimized by using frozen cell aliquots as reference samples. Both requisites should be considered for CD34 testing and UCB unit selection by regulatory institutions involved with cord blood banking and transplantation.
์œ ์„ธํฌ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•œ CD34+ ์„ธํฌ ์—ด๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋Š” ์ผ๊ด€๋œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์„ธํฌ ํš๋“ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์— ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์˜์กดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ƒ‰๋™ ์„ธํฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ์ฐธ์กฐ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค ๊ฐ„ ๋ณ€์ด๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๋Œ€ํ˜ˆ ์€ํ–‰ ๋ฐ ์ด์‹๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ทœ์ œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ CD34 ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์™€ UCB ๋‹จ์œ„ ์„ ํƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”๊ฑด์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,066,192
Does the onset location of multiple sclerosis predict the location of subsequent relapses?
{ "contexts": [ "Demyelinating events in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) can involve several locations in the central nervous system. We sought to determine if initial clinical demyelinating event (IDE) location predicts subsequent clinical relapse locations in early RRMS.", "We identified all RRMS patients from two large MS clinics who were seen within 1 year of disease onset. Logistic regression was performed with the outcome defined as the second or third exacerbation location and the predictor defined as IDE+/-second event location.", "195 patients with at least two clinical exacerbations were identified. There was an increased odds of a patient's second relapse occurring in the spinal cord if the IDE was in the spinal cord (odds ratio (OR) = 3.79, 95% CI 2.06 to 7.00, p<0.001). There was more than a sixfold increase in the odds of a patient's second relapse occurring in the optic nerve if the IDE was in the optic nerve (OR = 6.18, 95% CI 2.90 to 13.18, p<0.001). These associations remained similar after adjusting for treatment and patient characteristics. If the IDE and second event were both in the same location (spinal cord, optic nerve or brainstem/cerebellum), the third event was likely to remain in that location." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Age of Onset", "Brain", "Brain Stem", "Cerebellum", "Cohort Studies", "Demyelinating Diseases", "Female", "Humans", "Magnetic Resonance Imaging", "Male", "Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting", "Odds Ratio", "Optic Nerve", "Prospective Studies", "Recurrence", "Spinal Cord" ] }
Patients with RRMS have relatively localised clinical relapses. It remains to be determined if genetic or biological processes are responsible for this pattern.
yes
pub_med_qa40154
[ { "content": "๋‹ค๋ฐœ์„ฑ ๊ฒฝํ™”์ฆ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ ์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ดํ›„ ์žฌ๋ฐœ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์žฌ๋ฐœ ์™„ํ™” ๋‹ค๋ฐœ์„ฑ ๊ฒฝํ™”์ฆ(RRMS)์—์„œ ํƒˆ์ˆ˜์ดˆ ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์ค‘์ถ” ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ž„์ƒ ํƒˆ์ˆ˜์ดˆ ํ˜„์ƒ(IDE) ์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ RRMS์—์„œ ํ›„์† ์ž„์ƒ ์žฌ๋ฐœ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์งˆ๋ณ‘ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ ํ›„ 1๋…„ ์ด๋‚ด์— ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋œ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ˜• MS ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  RRMS ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” 2์ฐจ ๋˜๋Š” 3์ฐจ ์•…ํ™” ์œ„์น˜๋กœ, ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” IDE+/์ดˆ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ ์œ„์น˜๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์ตœ์†Œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ์ž„์ƒ์  ์•…ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” 195๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. IDE๊ฐ€ ์ฒ™์ˆ˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์žฌ๋ฐœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(odds ๋น„์œจ(OR) = 3.79, 95% CI 2.06~7.00, p<0.001). IDE๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‹œ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์— ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์žฌ๋ฐœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด 6๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(OR = 6.18, 95% CI 2.90~13.18, p<0.001). ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์€ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์™€ ํ™˜์ž ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์กฐ์ •ํ•œ ํ›„์—๋„ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. IDE์™€ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ™์€ ์œ„์น˜(spinal, ์‹œ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‡Œ๊ฐ„/cere ์ข…)์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์€ ํ•ด๋‹น ์œ„์น˜์— ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Patients with RRMS have relatively localised clinical relapses. It remains to be determined if genetic or biological processes are responsible for this pattern.
RRMS ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญ์†Œ์ ์ธ ์ž„์ƒ ์žฌ๋ฐœ์„ ๊ฒช์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ์ „์  ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŒจํ„ด์˜ ์›์ธ์ธ์ง€๋Š” ์•„์ง ๋ฐํ˜€์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,057,979
Is preprandial microemulsion cyclosporine administration effective for patients with refractory nephrotic syndrome?
{ "contexts": [ "The present study evaluated the clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetics of microemulsion cyclosporine A (ME-CyA) with modification from postprandial to preprandial administration in adult patients with refractory nephrotic syndrome.", "We investigated 19 patients with refractory nephrotic syndrome who had been switched from the postprandial administration of ME-CyA to preprandial administration. The pharmacokinetics of ME-CyA were also evaluated before and 6 months after switching from postprandial to preprandial administration by serial measurement of the blood CyA concentration in 10 patients.", "This study showed that 16 of 19 patients (84%) displayed an improvement in their clinical condition or continued to maintain remission after switching from post- to preprandial administration. In particular among 14 patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) in this study, 13 patients maintained or achieved remission under preprandial ME-CyA administration. Only three of 10 patients with postprandial administration showed a peak concentration> 500 ng/ml within 1-2 h after administration, while with preprandial administration, nine of 10 patients showed this good absorption profiles. This effectiveness of preprandial administration seems to be dependent on the improved pharmacokinetics with the increase of area under the curve from 0-4 h (AUC(0-4)) and peak concentration. There were no statistical differences in the mean daily doses of ME-CyA between both administration periods. No ME-CyA-induced nephrotoxicity or other harmful events were encountered throughout the study." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Administration, Oral", "Adolescent", "Adult", "Aged", "Cyclosporine", "Emulsions", "Humans", "Immunosuppressive Agents", "Intestinal Absorption", "Middle Aged", "Nephrosis, Lipoid", "Postprandial Period", "Young Adult" ] }
The preprandial administration of ME-CyA results in a good pharmacokinetic profile and is useful for management of refractory nephrotic syndrome in adults, particularly in patients with MCNS.
yes
pub_med_qa40155
[ { "content": "๋‚œ์น˜์„ฑ ์‹ ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์‹์ „ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์—๋ฉ€์ ผ ์‚ฌ์ดํด๋กœ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‚œ์น˜์„ฑ ์‹ ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ ์„ฑ์ธ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ํ›„ ํˆฌ์—ฌ์—์„œ ์‹์ „ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์—๋ฉ€์ ผ ์‚ฌ์ดํด๋กœ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ A(ME-CyA)์˜ ์ž„์ƒ ํšจ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์•ฝ๋™ํ•™์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์‹ํ›„ ME-CyA ํˆฌ์—ฌ์—์„œ ์‹์ „ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜๋œ ๋‚œ์น˜์„ฑ ์‹ ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ ํ™˜์ž 19๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ 10๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ํ˜ˆ์ค‘ CyA ๋†๋„๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์† ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ํ›„ ํˆฌ์—ฌ์—์„œ ์‹์ „ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊ณผ 6๊ฐœ์›” ํ›„์˜ ME-CyA ์•ฝ๋™ํ•™๋„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด 19๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž ์ค‘ 16๋ช…(84%)์ด ์‹ํ›„ ํˆฌ์—ฌ์—์„œ ์‹์ „ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•œ ํ›„ ์ž„์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ตœ์†Œ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์‹ ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ(MCNS) ํ™˜์ž 14๋ช… ์ค‘ 13๋ช…์€ ์‹์ „ ME-CyA ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ํ›„ ํˆฌ์—ฌ ํ™˜์ž 10๋ช… ์ค‘ 3๋ช…๋งŒ์ด ํˆฌ์—ฌ ํ›„ 1-2์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ด๋‚ด์— ์ตœ๊ณ  ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ 500ng/ml ์ด์ƒ์ธ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์‹์ „ ํˆฌ์—ฌ ํ™˜์ž 10๋ช… ์ค‘ 9๋ช…์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ข‹์€ ํก์ˆ˜ ํ”„๋กœํŒŒ์ผ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹์ „ ํˆฌ์—ฌ์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ณก์„  ์•„๋ž˜ ๋ฉด์ ์ด 0-4์‹œ๊ฐ„(AUC(0-4))์—์„œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์•ฝ๋™ํ•™์ด ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜๊ณ  ์ตœ๊ณ  ๋†๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ํˆฌ์—ฌ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ME-CyA์˜ ์ผ์ผ ํ‰๊ท  ๋ณต์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์—๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์  ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ME-CyA๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์‹ ๋…์„ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์œ ํ•ดํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
The preprandial administration of ME-CyA results in a good pharmacokinetic profile and is useful for management of refractory nephrotic syndrome in adults, particularly in patients with MCNS.
ME-CyA์˜ ์‹์ „ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์•ฝ๋™ํ•™์  ํ”„๋กœํŒŒ์ผ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ MCNS ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์„ฑ์ธ์˜ ๋‚œ์น˜์„ฑ ์‹ ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ์œ ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,067,123
Do pharmacogenomics approach reveals MRP1 ( ABCC1 ) -mediated resistance to geldanamycins?
{ "contexts": [ "Geldanamycin and its analogues belong to a new class of anticancer agents that inhibit the molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90. We hypothesized that membrane transporters expressed on tumor cells may contribute at least in part to cellular sensitivity to these agents. The purpose of this study is to identify novel transporters as determinant for sensitivity and resistance to geldanamycins.", "To facilitate a systematic study of chemosensitivity across multiple geldanamycin analogues, we correlated mRNA expression profiles of majority of transporters with anticancer drug activities in 60 human tumor cell lines (NCI-60). We subsequently validated the gene-drug correlations using cytotoxicity and transport assays.", "The GA analogues displayed negative correlations with mRNA expression levels of the multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1, ABCC1). Suppressing MRP1 efflux using the inhibitor MK-571 and small interfering RNA in cell lines with intrinsic and acquired MRP1 overexpression (A549 and HL-60/ADR) and in cell lines stably transduced with MRP1 (MCF7/MRP1) increased intracellular drug accumulation and increased tumor cell sensitivity to geldanamycin analogues." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Antineoplastic Agents", "Benzoquinones", "Biological Transport", "Cell Proliferation", "Cell Survival", "Databases, Genetic", "Dose-Response Relationship, Drug", "Drug Resistance, Neoplasm", "Gene Expression Profiling", "Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic", "HL-60 Cells", "Humans", "Lactams, Macrocyclic", "Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins", "Neoplasms", "Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis", "Pharmacogenetics", "Propionates", "Quinolines", "RNA Interference", "RNA, Messenger", "RNA, Small Interfering", "Reproducibility of Results", "Transfection", "Up-Regulation" ] }
These results suggest that elevated expression of MRP1, like the alternative efflux transporter MDR1 (ABCB1, P-glycoprotein), can significantly influence tumor cell sensitivity to geldanamycins as a potential chemoresistance factor.
yes
pub_med_qa40156
[ { "content": "์•ฝ๋ฆฌ์œ ์ „์ฒดํ•™ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์€ Geldamycins์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ MRP1(ABCC1) ๋งค๊ฐœ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๊ฒ”๋‹ค๋‚˜๋งˆ์ด์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์œ ์‚ฌ์ฒด๋Š” ๋ถ„์ž ์ƒคํŽ˜๋ก  ์—ด์ถฉ๊ฒฉ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ 90์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ•ญ์•”์ œ์— ์†ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข…์–‘ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜๋Š” ๋ง‰ ์ˆ˜์†ก์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ ์–ด๋„ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ธํฌ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ์„ฑ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ์„ธ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๊ฒ”๋‹ค๋‚˜๋งˆ์ด์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‚ด์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ˆ˜์†ก์ฒด๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฒ”๋‹ค๋งˆ์ด์‹  ์œ ์‚ฌ์ฒด์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 60๊ฐœ์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ข…์–‘ ์„ธํฌ์ฃผ(NCI-60)์—์„œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ˆ˜์†ก์ฒด์˜ mRNA ๋ฐœํ˜„ ํ”„๋กœํ•„๊ณผ ํ•ญ์•”์ œ ํ™œ์„ฑ์„ ์ƒ๊ด€์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ์„ธํฌ ๋…์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์†ก ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ์ „์ž-์•ฝ๋ฌผ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\nGA ์œ ์‚ฌ์ฒด๋Š” ๋‹ค์ œ๋‚ด์„ฑ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ 1(MRP1, ABCC1)์˜ mRNA ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ์Œ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด์žฌ์  ๋ฐ ํ›„์ฒœ์  MRP1 ๊ณผ๋ฐœํ˜„(A549 ๋ฐ HL-60/ADR)์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์„ธํฌ์ฃผ์™€ MRP1(MCF7/MRP1)์œผ๋กœ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜•์งˆ์ „ํ™˜๋œ ์„ธํฌ์ฃผ์—์„œ ์–ต์ œ์ œ MK-571๊ณผ ์ž‘์€ ๊ฐ„์„ญ RNA๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ MRP1 ์œ ์ถœ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋ฉด ์„ธํฌ ๋‚ด ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ์ถ•์ ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒ”๋‹ค๋ฏธ๋‚˜๋งˆ์ด์‹  ์œ ์‚ฌ์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ข…์–‘ ์„ธํฌ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
These results suggest that elevated expression of MRP1, like the alternative efflux transporter MDR1 (ABCB1, P-glycoprotein), can significantly influence tumor cell sensitivity to geldanamycins as a potential chemoresistance factor.
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ฒด ์œ ์ถœ ์ˆ˜์†ก์ฒด MDR1(ABCB1, P-๋‹น๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ MRP1์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ํ™”ํ•™ ์ €ํ•ญ ์ธ์ž๋กœ์„œ ๊ฒ”๋‹ค๋งˆ์ด์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ข…์–‘ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ์„ฑ์— ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,080,690
Does [ Candesartan improve insulin resistance induced by high-fat diet in rats ]?
{ "contexts": [ "To investigate the effects of candesartan, an angiotension II type I receptor antagonist, in improvement of insulin resistance (IR) induced by high-fat diet and the possible mechanism thereof.", "45 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: normal chow group (NC, n = 15) fed with normal diet, high fat diet group (HF, n = 15) fed with high fat diet, and high-fat diet with daily candesartan treatment group (HF + C, n = 15) fed with high fat diet and given orally with candesartan 8 mg/kg per day. Body weight was measured regularly. Four weeks later, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp technique were performed to estimate the insulin sensitivity. After 12 h fasting blood samples were collected from the abdominal aorta to test the contents of blood glucose, and serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), LDL, HDL, and free fatty acid (FFA). Radioimmunoassay was used to detect the serum insulin. Viscera were taken out. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression of peroxisome proliferation activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma in hepatic and adipose tissues.", "The body weight 16 weeks later of the HF group was significantly higher than that of the HF + C group (P < 0.01). The liver weight and epididymal and peri-renal fat weights of the HF group were all significantly higher than those of the HF + C group and NC group (all P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in fasting blood sugar among these 3 groups (P > 0.05). The glucose levels 2 h after OGTT in the HF + C group was (6.3 +/- 0.5) mmol/L, significantly lower than that of the HF group [(7.3 +/- 1.2) mmol/L, P < 0.01]. The glucose infusion rate (GIR) of the HF + C group was (22 +/- 5) mmol/L, significantly higher than that of the HF group [(14 +/- 4) mmol/L, P < 0.01]. The PPARgamma expression levels in liver and adipose tissue of the HF + C group were up-regulated significantly compared with those of the HF group." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers", "Animals", "Benzimidazoles", "Dietary Fats", "Insulin", "Insulin Resistance", "Male", "Rats", "Rats, Wistar", "Tetrazoles" ] }
Candesartan may improve insulin resistance through promoting the expression of PPARgamma in liver and adipose tissue.
yes
pub_med_qa40157
[ { "content": "[์นธ๋ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅดํƒ„์ด ์ฅ์˜ ๊ณ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์‹๋‹จ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์œ ๋„๋œ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?]?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "[์นธ๋ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅดํƒ„์ด ์ฅ์˜ ๊ณ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์‹๋‹จ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์œ ๋„๋œ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?]?", "role": "passage" } ]
Candesartan may improve insulin resistance through promoting the expression of PPARgamma in liver and adipose tissue.
์นธ๋ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅดํƒ„์€ ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์กฐ์ง์—์„œ PPAR๊ฐ๋งˆ์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,076,569
Does near-infrared spectroscopy correlate with continuous superior vena cava oxygen saturation in pediatric cardiac surgery patients?
{ "contexts": [ "Cerebral regional oxygen saturation (rSO(2)) measured with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has a well-proven clinical utility. A goal-oriented treatment based on the rSO(2) resulted in a significant reduction in major morbidity and in a shortening of postoperative hospital stay in patients undergoing coronary revascularization. In this study, we have compared the values of superior vena cava saturation (ScvO(2)) continuously measured with a Pediasat catheter and the corresponding NIRS rSO(2) values obtained during cardiac operations in pediatric patients.", "This was a prospective observational study enrolling fifteen pediatric patients (age: 6 days-7 years) undergoing cardiac operations. ScvO(2) data obtained with the Pediasat during the operation were compared with simultaneously recorded NIRS rSO(2) values.", "One hundred and seventeen matched sets of data were obtained during the operation. ScvO(2) continuously measured with the Pediasat was significantly correlated with the corresponding NIRS rSO(2) values. However, there was a constant positive bias (ScvO(2) values were higher than NIRS rSO(2) values) of 5.6%, with a precision of 10.4%. Time-related percentage changes of NIRS rSO(2) were significantly correlated with the corresponding ScvO(2) percentage changes. A decrease in ScvO(2) is predictive for a decrease in rSO(2) with a sensitivity of 73.7% and a specificity of 85.7%." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Brain Chemistry", "Calibration", "Cardiac Surgical Procedures", "Child", "Child, Preschool", "Female", "Humans", "Infant", "Infant, Newborn", "Linear Models", "Male", "Oximetry", "Oxygen", "Prospective Studies", "Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared", "Vena Cava, Superior" ] }
The continuous measurement of ScvO(2) values obtained by the Pediasat may provide useful information about the metabolic conditions of the brain during cardiac operations in pediatric patients if considered as percentage changes. Absolute values of ScvO(2) tend to overestimate the correspondent rSO(2) values.
yes
pub_med_qa40158
[ { "content": "๊ทผ์ ์™ธ์„  ๋ถ„๊ด‘๋ฒ•์ด ์†Œ์•„ ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์ƒ๋ถ€ ๋Œ€์ •๋งฅ ์‚ฐ์†Œ ํฌํ™”๋„์™€ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๊ทผ์ ์™ธ์„  ๋ถ„๊ด‘๋ฒ•(NIRS)์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋‡Œ ๊ตญ์†Œ ์‚ฐ์†Œ ํฌํ™”๋„(rSO(2))๋Š” ์ž„์ƒ์  ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ์ด ์ž…์ฆ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. rSO(2)๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์ง€ํ–ฅ์  ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๊ด€์ƒ๋™๋งฅ ์žฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€ํ™”์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์ดํ™˜์œจ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ ์ž…์› ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‹จ์ถ•์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํŽ˜๋””์•„์Šคํƒ€ํŠธ ์นดํ…Œํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ •๋งฅ ํฌํ™”๋„(ScvO(2)) ๊ฐ’๊ณผ ์†Œ์•„ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ค‘ ์–ป์€ ํ•ด๋‹น NIRS rSO(2) ๊ฐ’์„ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” 15๋ช…์˜ ์†Œ์•„ ํ™˜์ž(์—ฐ๋ น: 6์ผ~7์„ธ)๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ „ํ–ฅ์  ๊ด€์ฐฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ค‘ ํŽ˜๋””์•„์ƒ›์œผ๋กœ ์–ป์€ ScvO(2) ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ธฐ๋ก๋œ NIRS rSO(2) ๊ฐ’๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์šด์˜ ์ค‘์— 117๊ฐœ์˜ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์„ธํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์–ป์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŽ˜๋””์•„์ƒ›์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋œ ScvO(2)๋Š” ํ•ด๋‹น NIRS rSO(2) ๊ฐ’๊ณผ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ScvO(2) ๊ฐ’์€ 5.6%์˜ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ๋ฐ”์ด์–ด์Šค(ScvO(2) ๊ฐ’์ด NIRS rSO(2) ๊ฐ’๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ •๋ฐ€๋„๋Š” 10.4%์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. NIRS rSO(2)์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œจ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ํ•ด๋‹น ScvO(2) ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œจ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ScvO(2)์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋Š” ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„ 73.7%์™€ ํŠน์ด๋„ 85.7%๋กœ rSO(2)์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
The continuous measurement of ScvO(2) values obtained by the Pediasat may provide useful information about the metabolic conditions of the brain during cardiac operations in pediatric patients if considered as percentage changes. Absolute values of ScvO(2) tend to overestimate the correspondent rSO(2) values.
ํŽ˜๋””์•„์ƒ›์ด ์–ป์€ ScvO(2) ๊ฐ’์„ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด ์†Œ์•„ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ค‘ ๋‡Œ์˜ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ScvO(2)์˜ ์ ˆ๋Œ€๊ฐ’์€ ํ•ด๋‹น rSO(2) ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,054,548
Is expression and amplification of eIF-5A2 in human epithelial ovarian tumors and overexpression of EIF-5A2 a new independent predictor of outcome in patients with ovarian carcinoma?
{ "contexts": [ "Our previous study has suggested an oncogenic role of eIF-5A2 in ovarian tumorigenesis. Abnormalities of eIF-5A2 and its clinical/prognostic significance, however, in ovarian carcinoma are unclear.", "In this study, we examined expression of EIF-5A2, using immunohistochemistry, in 30 normal ovaries, 30 ovarian cystadenomas, 30 borderline ovarian tumors and 110 ovarian carcinomas. The amplification status of eIF-5A2 in each ovarian carcinoma was assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization.", "Overexpression of EIF-5A2 was detected in none of the normal ovaries, 7% cystadenomas, 30% borderline tumors, and 53% invasive ovarian carcinomas, respectively. Amplification of eIF-5A2 was detected in 16% of informative ovarian carcinomas. In ovarian carcinomas, significant positive associations were found between overexpression of EIF-5A2 and the tumors ascending grade, later pT/pN and FIGO stages, as well as increased positive rate of Ki-67 (p<0.05). In univariate survival analysis of the ovarian carcinoma cohorts, a significant association of overexpression of EIF-5A2 with shortened patient survival (mean 39.0 months vs 69.5 months, p<0.001) was demonstrated. Importantly, EIF-5A2 expression provided significant independent prognostic parameters in multivariate analysis (p=0.043)." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Aged", "Biomarkers, Tumor", "Cystadenoma", "Female", "Gene Amplification", "Humans", "Immunohistochemistry", "In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence", "Ki-67 Antigen", "Middle Aged", "Ovarian Neoplasms", "Paraffin Embedding", "Peptide Initiation Factors", "Prognosis", "Survival Analysis", "Young Adult" ] }
These findings suggest that increased expression of EIF-5A2 in ovarian carcinoma may represent an acquired malignant phenotypic feature of tumor cells, and the overexpression of EIF-5A2, as detected by immunohistochemistry, is an independent molecular marker for shortened survival time of patients with ovarian carcinoma.
yes
pub_med_qa40159
[ { "content": "์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ƒํ”ผ ๋‚œ์†Œ ์ข…์–‘์—์„œ eIF-5A2์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ๋ฐ ์ฆํญ๊ณผ EIF-5A2์˜ ๊ณผ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ๋‚œ์†Œ์•” ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ์ธก ์ธ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ด์ „ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚œ์†Œ ์ข…์–‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์—์„œ eIF-5A2์˜ ๋ฐœ์•”์  ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚œ์†Œ์•”์—์„œ eIF-5A2์˜ ์ด์ƒ๊ณผ ์ž„์ƒ์ /์˜ˆ์ธก์  ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์€ ๋ถˆ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฉด์—ญ์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•™์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 30๊ฐœ์˜ ์ •์ƒ ๋‚œ์†Œ, 30๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‚œ์†Œ ๋‚ญ์„ ์ข…, 30๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์„ฑ ๋‚œ์†Œ ์ข…์–‘, 110๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‚œ์†Œ ์•”์ข…์—์„œ EIF-5A2์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋‚œ์†Œ ์•”์ข…์—์„œ eIF-5A2์˜ ์ฆํญ ์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ํ˜•๊ด‘ ์ œ์ž๋ฆฌ ํ˜ผ์„ฑํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\nEIF-5A2์˜ ๊ณผ๋ฐœํ˜„์€ ์ •์ƒ ๋‚œ์†Œ, 7% ๋‚ญ์„ ์ข…, 30% ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์„ฑ ์ข…์–‘, 53% ์นจ์Šต์„ฑ ๋‚œ์†Œ์•”์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ณด์„ฑ ๋‚œ์†Œ์•”์˜ 16%์—์„œ eIF-5A2์˜ ์ฆํญ์ด ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚œ์†Œ์•”์—์„œ๋Š” EIF-5A2์˜ ๊ณผ๋ฐœํ˜„๊ณผ ์ข…์–‘ ์ƒ์Šน ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰, ์ดํ›„ pT/pN ๋ฐ FIGO ๋‹จ๊ณ„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Ki-67์˜ ์–‘์„ฑ๋ฅ  ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(p<0.05). ๋‚œ์†Œ์•” ์ฝ”ํ˜ธํŠธ์˜ ๋‹จ๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰ ์ƒ์กด ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ EIF-5A2์˜ ๊ณผ๋ฐœํ˜„๊ณผ ํ™˜์ž ์ƒ์กด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋‹จ์ถ•(mean 39.0๊ฐœ์›” ๋Œ€ 69.5๊ฐœ์›”, p<0.001)์˜ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ์ž…์ฆ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ EIF-5A2์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ๋‹ค๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ๋…๋ฆฝ์  ์˜ˆํ›„ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(p=0.043).", "role": "passage" } ]
These findings suggest that increased expression of EIF-5A2 in ovarian carcinoma may represent an acquired malignant phenotypic feature of tumor cells, and the overexpression of EIF-5A2, as detected by immunohistochemistry, is an independent molecular marker for shortened survival time of patients with ovarian carcinoma.
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‚œ์†Œ์•”์—์„œ EIF-5A2์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ข…์–‘ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ํ›„์ฒœ์  ์•…์„ฑ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ˜• ํŠน์ง•์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฉด์—ญ์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•™์—์„œ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋œ EIF-5A2์˜ ๊ณผ๋ฐœํ˜„์€ ๋‚œ์†Œ์•” ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ƒ์กด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋‹จ์ถ•์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์ž ๋งˆ์ปค์ž„์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,055,633
Does fe ( III ) stimulate 3-methylindole and 4-methylphenol production in swine lagoon enrichments and Clostridium scatologenes ATCC 25775?
{ "contexts": [ "To determine the effects of anaerobic electron acceptors on 3-methylindole (3-MI) and 4-methylphenol (4-MP) production in swine lagoon enrichments and Clostridium scatologenes ATCC 25775.", "Swine lagoon sediment was incubated anaerobically in tryptone-yeast extract medium with (10 mmol l(-1)) Na(2)SO(4), KNO(3), dimethyl sulfoxide or Fe(III). With Fe(III), 3-MI and 4-MP levels increased significantly to 138 +/- 15.8 and 187 +/- 14.0 micromol l(-1), respectively. Clostridium scatologenes cultured in brain-heart infusion medium amended with (10 mmol l(-1)) Na(2)SO(4), KNO(3), MnO(2) or Fe(III), resulted in only Fe(III) significantly increasing 3-MI (1308 micromol l(-1)) and 4-MP (367 micromol l(-1)) levels. In semi-defined medium, Fe(III) alone and Fe(III) + L-tryptophan (1 mmol l(-1)) resulted in a 1.85-fold and 15.6-fold increase in 3-MI levels over L-tryptophan alone, respectively. Fe(III) alone and Fe(III) + L-tyrosine (1 mmol l(-1)) caused a 4.4-fold and 22.9-fold increase in 4-MP levels over tyrosine alone, respectively. Fe(III) did not increase growth of Cl. scatologenes." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Anaerobiosis", "Clostridium", "Cresols", "Culture Media", "Ferric Compounds", "Geologic Sediments", "Skatole" ] }
Fe(III) increases 3-MI and 4-MP in swine lagoon enrichments and Cl. scatologenes broth cultures.
yes
pub_med_qa40160
[ { "content": "Fe(III)๋Š” ๋ผ์ง€ ์„ํ˜ธ ๋†์ถ•์•ก๊ณผ ํด๋กœ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋””์›€ ์Šค์นดํ†จ๋กœ๊ฒ ATCC 25775์—์„œ 3-๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ์ธ๋Œ ๋ฐ 4-๋ฉ”ํ‹ธํŽ˜๋†€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ ์ž๊ทนํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Fe(III)๋Š” ๋ผ์ง€ ์„ํ˜ธ ๋†์ถ•์•ก๊ณผ ํด๋กœ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋””์›€ ์Šค์นดํ†จ๋กœ๊ฒ ATCC 25775์—์„œ 3-๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ์ธ๋Œ ๋ฐ 4-๋ฉ”ํ‹ธํŽ˜๋†€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ ์ž๊ทนํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "passage" } ]
Fe(III) increases 3-MI and 4-MP in swine lagoon enrichments and Cl. scatologenes broth cultures.
Fe(III)๋Š” ๋ผ์ง€ ์„ํ˜ธ ๋†์ถ•์•ก๊ณผ Cl. scatologenes ๋ฐฐ์ง€ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์•ก์—์„œ 3-MI ๋ฐ 4-MP๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,055,631
Is 3-Methylindole production regulated in Clostridium scatologenes ATCC 25775?
{ "contexts": [ "3-Methylindole (3-MI) is a degradation product of L-tryptophan and is both an animal waste malodorant and threat to ruminant health. Culture conditions influencing 3-MI production in Clostridium scatologenes ATCC 25775 were investigated.", "Extracellular 3-MI levels in cells cultured in brain heart infusion (BHI) medium (pH 7.0) at 33 degrees C and 37 degrees C for 72 h were 907 +/- 38 and 834 +/- 121 micromol l(-1), respectively. Cells cultured in tryptone-yeast (TY) extract medium at 37 degrees C for 48 h produced 104 +/- 86 micromol l(-1) 3-MI; however, addition of 1 mmol l(-1) L-tryptophan failed to increase extracellular levels (113 +/- 50 micromol l(-1) 3-MI). Specific activity of indole acetic acid decarboxylase measured in BHI, TY and TY plus 1 mmol l(-1) tryptophan-grown cells displayed 35-, 33- and 76-fold higher levels than in semi-defined medium-grown cells." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Clostridium", "Culture Media", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Skatole", "Temperature", "Up-Regulation" ] }
When cultured in rich medium, at 33 degrees C or 37 degrees C and pH 7.0, Cl. scatologenes ATCC 25775 optimally produced 3-MI. Addition of L-tryptophan to medium did not lead to significant increases in extracellular 3-MI levels. Whole cell assays indicate growth in rich medium significantly up-regulated 3-MI production.
yes
pub_med_qa40161
[ { "content": "ํด๋กœ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋””์›€ ์Šค์บํ†จ๋กœ๊ฒ ATCC 25775์—์„œ 3-๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ์ธ๋Œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ด ์กฐ์ ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n3-๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ์ธ๋Œ(3-MI)์€ L-ํŠธ๋ฆฝํ† ํŒ์˜ ๋ถ„ํ•ด ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋™๋ฌผ ๋ฐฐ์„ค๋ฌผ ์•…์ทจ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฐ˜์ถ”๋™๋ฌผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์œ„ํ˜‘์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํด๋กœ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋””์›€ ์Šค์นดํ†จ๋กœ๊ฒ ATCC 25775์—์„œ 3-MI ์ƒ์‚ฐ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n๋‡Œ ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์ฃผ์ž…(BHI) ๋ฐฐ์ง€(pH 7.0)์—์„œ 33๋„ C์™€ 37๋„ C์—์„œ 72์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•œ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์„ธํฌ์™ธ 3-MI ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 907 +/- 38 ๋ฐ 834 +/- 121 ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๋ชฐ l(-1)์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠธ๋ฆฝํ†ค ํšจ๋ชจ(TY) ์ถ”์ถœ ๋ฐฐ์ง€์—์„œ 37๋„ C์—์„œ 48์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•œ ์„ธํฌ๋Š” 104 +/- 86 ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๋ชฐ l(-1) 3-MI๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, 1 mmol l(-1) L-ํŠธ๋ฆฝํ† ํŒ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด๋„ ์„ธํฌ์™ธ ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(113 +/- 50 ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๋ชฐ l(-1) 3-MI). BHI, TY ๋ฐ TY์—์„œ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ์ธ๋Œ ์•„์„ธํŠธ์‚ฐ ํƒˆํƒ„์‚ฐํšจ์†Œ์˜ ํŠน์ • ํ™œ์„ฑ๊ณผ 1 mmol l(-1) ํŠธ๋ฆฝํ† ํŒ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์ •์˜๋œ ๋ฐฐ์ง€ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ์„ธํฌ๋ณด๋‹ค 35๋ฐฐ, 33๋ฐฐ, 76๋ฐฐ ๋” ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
When cultured in rich medium, at 33 degrees C or 37 degrees C and pH 7.0, Cl. scatologenes ATCC 25775 optimally produced 3-MI. Addition of L-tryptophan to medium did not lead to significant increases in extracellular 3-MI levels. Whole cell assays indicate growth in rich medium significantly up-regulated 3-MI production.
ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์ง€์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, 33๋„ C ๋˜๋Š” 37๋„ C์™€ pH 7.0์—์„œ Cl. scatologenes ATCC 25775๋Š” ์ตœ์ ์œผ๋กœ 3-MI๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ์ง€์— L-ํŠธ๋ฆฝํ† ํŒ์„ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ํ•ด๋„ ์„ธํฌ์™ธ 3-MI ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์ฒด ์„ธํฌ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์ง€์—์„œ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์€ 3-MI ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ƒํ–ฅ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,076,537
Does targeting the MHC class II pathway of antigen presentation enhance immunogenicity and safety of allergen immunotherapy?
{ "contexts": [ "Current s.c. allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT) leads to amelioration of IgE-mediated allergy, but it requires numerous allergen injections over several years and is frequently associated with severe side-effects. The aim of this study was to test whether modified recombinant allergens can improve therapeutic efficacy in SIT while reducing allergic side-effects.", "The major cat allergen Fel d 1 was fused to a TAT-derived protein translocation domain and to a truncated invariant chain for targeting the MHC class II pathway (MAT-Fel d 1). The immunogenicity was evaluated in mice, while potential safety issues were assessed by cellular antigen stimulation test (CAST) using basophils from cat-dander-allergic patients.", "MAT-Fel d 1 enhanced induction of Fel d 1-specific IgG2a antibody responses as well as the secretion of IFN-gamma and IL-2 from T cells. Subcutaneous allergen-specific immunotherapy of mice using the modified Fel d 1 provided stronger protection against anaphylaxis than SIT with unmodified Fel d 1, and MAT-Fel d 1 caused less degranulation of human basophils than native Fel d 1." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Allergens", "Animals", "Antibody Formation", "Antigen Presentation", "Basophils", "Cats", "Cell Degranulation", "Drug Delivery Systems", "Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions", "Glycoproteins", "Histocompatibility Antigens Class II", "Humans", "Immunotherapy", "Mice", "Recombinant Proteins", "Th1 Cells" ] }
MAT-Fel d 1 allergen enhanced protective antibody and Th1 responses in mice, while reducing human basophil degranulation. Immunotherapy using MAT-Fel d 1 allergen therefore has the potential to enhance SIT efficacy and safety, thus, shortening SIT. This should increase patient compliance and lower treatment costs.
yes
pub_med_qa40162
[ { "content": "ํ•ญ์› ์ œ์‹œ์˜ MHC ํด๋ž˜์Šค II ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ์œผ๋ฉด ๋ฉด์—ญ์›์„ฑ๊ณผ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋ฉด์—ญ์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\nํ˜„์žฌ์˜ s.c. ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ฒ ํŠน์ด ๋ฉด์—ญ ์š”๋ฒ•(SIT)์€ IgE ๋งค๊ฐœ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ˆ˜๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ข…์ข… ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋œ ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ฒ์ด ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์ค„์ด๋ฉด์„œ SIT์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ํšจ๋Šฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์ฃผ์š” ๊ณ ์–‘์ด ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ฒ์ธ Fel d 1์€ TAT ์œ ๋ž˜ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์ „์œ„ ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ๊ณผ ์ ˆ๋‹จ๋œ ๋ถˆ๋ณ€ ์‚ฌ์Šฌ์— ์œตํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด MHC ํด๋ž˜์Šค II ๊ฒฝ๋กœ(MAT-Fel d 1)๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฉด์—ญ์›์„ฑ์€ ์ฅ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๊ณ ์–‘์ด-์•ˆ๋ฐ๋ฅด์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ํ˜ธ์—ผ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์„ธํฌ ํ•ญ์› ์ž๊ทน ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ(CAST)๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\nMAT-Fel d 1์€ Fel d 1 ํŠน์ด์  IgG2a ํ•ญ์ฒด ๋ฐ˜์‘์˜ ์œ ๋„์™€ T ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ IFN-๊ฐ๋งˆ ๋ฐ IL-2์˜ ๋ถ„๋น„๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋œ Fel d 1์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ฅ์˜ ํ”ผํ•˜ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ฒ ํŠน์ด ๋ฉด์—ญ ์š”๋ฒ•์€ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ Fel d 1์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ SIT๋ณด๋‹ค ์•„๋‚˜ํ•„๋ฝ์‹œ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, MAT-Fel d 1์€ ์ฒœ์—ฐ Fel d 1๋ณด๋‹ค ์ธ๊ฐ„ ํ˜ธ์—ผ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํƒˆ๊ณผ๋ฆฝ์„ ๋œ ์œ ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
MAT-Fel d 1 allergen enhanced protective antibody and Th1 responses in mice, while reducing human basophil degranulation. Immunotherapy using MAT-Fel d 1 allergen therefore has the potential to enhance SIT efficacy and safety, thus, shortening SIT. This should increase patient compliance and lower treatment costs.
MAT-Fel d 1 ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ฒ์€ ์ƒ์ฅ์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ํ•ญ์ฒด์™€ Th1 ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์— ์ธ๊ฐ„ ํ˜ธ์—ผ๊ธฐ ํƒˆ๊ณผ๋ฆฝ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ MAT-Fel d 1 ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ฒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฉด์—ญ ์š”๋ฒ•์€ SIT์˜ ํšจ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œ์ผœ SIT๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์ถ•์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ˆœ์‘๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,074,181
Do day length and weather conditions profoundly affect physical activity levels in older functionally impaired people?
{ "contexts": [ "Regular physical activity is vital for maintaining the health and independence of older people. Few objective data exist on the effect of weather on physical activity levels in this group. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of weather using an objective measure of physical activity.", "This was a retrospective study of 127 participants, >65 years old, who were enrolled in a previous randomised controlled trial. The main outcome was daily activity counts measured using the RT3 triaxial accelerometer over 1-week periods. These were correlated with local weather data including daily maximum temperature, sunshine, precipitation and wind speed that were obtained from the metrological office.", "The mean age of the subjects was 78.6 years; 90/127 were female; and 720 usable daily counts were obtained for the 127 participants. The mean daily counts showed a striking seasonal variation, with maximum activity in June and minimum in February (137 557 vs 65 010 counts per day, p<0.001). Day length, mean maximum temperature and mean daily sunshine were able to explain 72.9% of the monthly variance in daily activity levels. Daily counts showed moderate correlation with day length (r = 0.358, p<0.001), maximum temperature (r = 0.345, p<0.001), duration of sunshine (r = 0.313, p<0.001) and rain (r = -0.098, p = 0.008) but not with wind speed (r = 0.093, p = 0.12). Multivariate analysis showed that day length, sunshine duration and maximum temperature were independent predictors of daily activity (adjusted R(2) = 0.16)." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Acceleration", "Activities of Daily Living", "Aged", "Aged, 80 and over", "Disability Evaluation", "Female", "Humans", "Male", "Motor Activity", "Quality of Life", "Retrospective Studies", "Seasons", "Sunlight", "Temperature", "Time Factors", "Weather" ] }
Physical activity levels among older people are much higher in summer than in winter. Day length, sunshine duration and maximum temperature have a significant influence on physical activity levels.
yes
pub_med_qa40163
[ { "content": "๋‚ฎ์˜ ๊ธธ์ด์™€ ๋‚ ์”จ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด ํ™œ๋™ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๊นŠ์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋‚˜์š”?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "๋‚ฎ์˜ ๊ธธ์ด์™€ ๋‚ ์”จ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด ํ™œ๋™ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๊นŠ์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋‚˜์š”?", "role": "passage" } ]
Physical activity levels among older people are much higher in summer than in winter. Day length, sunshine duration and maximum temperature have a significant influence on physical activity levels.
๋…ธ๋…„์ธต์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด ํ™œ๋™ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ๊ฒจ์šธ๋ณด๋‹ค ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์— ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ฎ์˜ ๊ธธ์ด, ์ผ์กฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ์ตœ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์˜จ์€ ์‹ ์ฒด ํ™œ๋™ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,058,794
Is the interaction of nuclear factor-kappa B and cytokines associated with schizophrenia?
{ "contexts": [ "Many reports suggest that schizophrenia is associated with the inflammatory response mediated by cytokines, and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) regulates the expression of cytokines. However, it remains unclear whether the interaction between NF-kappaB and cytokines is implicated in schizophrenia and whether the effect of neuroleptics treatment for 4 weeks is associated with the alteration of cytokines.", "Sixty-five healthy subjects and 83 first-episode schizophrenic patients who met DSM-IV criteria and who were never treated with neuroleptics previously were included. Serum levels of cytokines such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were examined by using sandwich enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) mRNA expressions of cytokines (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha) and NF-kappaB were detected by using semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). NF-kappaB activation was examined by using transcription factor assay kits.", "Schizophrenic patients showed significantly higher serum levels and PBMC mRNA expressions of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha compared with healthy subjects. However, treatment with the neuroleptic risperidone for 4 weeks significantly decreased serum levels and PBMC mRNA expressions of IL-1beta in schizophrenic patients. NF-kappaB activation and PBMC mRNA expression in patients were significantly higher than those in healthy subjects. Furthermore, PBMC mRNA expressions of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha were positively correlated to NF-kappaB activation in both schizophrenic patients and healthy control subjects." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adolescent", "Adult", "Antipsychotic Agents", "Case-Control Studies", "Cytokines", "Female", "Humans", "Male", "Middle Aged", "NF-kappa B", "RNA, Messenger", "Risperidone", "Schizophrenia" ] }
Schizophrenic patients showed activation of the cytokine system and immune disturbance. NF-kappaB activation may play a pivotal role in schizophrenia through interaction with cytokines.
yes
pub_med_qa40164
[ { "content": "ํ•ต ์ธ์ž-์นดํŒŒ B์™€ ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ์กฐํ˜„๋ณ‘๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๋งŽ์€ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์กฐํ˜„๋ณ‘์€ ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋งค๊ฐœ๋˜๋Š” ์—ผ์ฆ ๋ฐ˜์‘๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•ต ์ธ์ž-์นดํŒŒ B(NF-์นดํŒŒB)๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ NF-์นดํŒŒB์™€ ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ์กฐํ˜„๋ณ‘๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  4์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ ˆํ”„ํ‹ฑ์Šค ์น˜๋ฃŒ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ์•„์ง ๋ถˆ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\nDSM-IV ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์ „์— ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ ˆํ”„ํ‹ฑ์Šค ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ์ ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ํ”ผํ—˜์ž 65๋ช…๊ณผ 1ํšŒ์ฐจ ์กฐํ˜„๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž 83๋ช…์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธํ„ฐ๋ฃจํ‚จ-1๋ฒ ํƒ€(IL-1๋ฒ ํƒ€) ๋ฐ ์ข…์–‘ ๊ดด์‚ฌ ์ธ์ž-์•ŒํŒŒ(TNF-์•ŒํŒŒ)์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ์˜ ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” ์ƒŒ๋“œ์œ„์น˜ ํšจ์†Œ ๋ฉด์—ญ๋ถ„์„๋ฒ•(EIA)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜์ •๋Ÿ‰์  ์—ญ์ „์‚ฌ ์ค‘ํ•ฉํšจ์†Œ ์—ฐ์‡„ ๋ฐ˜์‘(RT-PCR)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ(IL-1๋ฒ ํƒ€, TNF-์•ŒํŒŒ) ๋ฐ NF-์นดํŒŒB์˜ ๋ง์ดˆ ํ˜ˆ์•ก ๋‹จํ•ต ์„ธํฌ(PBMC) mRNA ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ๊ฒ€์ถœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์‚ฌ ์ธ์ž ๋ถ„์„ ํ‚คํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ NF-์นดํŒŒB ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์กฐํ˜„๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์— ๋น„ํ•ด IL-1๋ฒ ํƒ€์™€ TNF-์•ŒํŒŒ์˜ ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ ์ˆ˜์น˜์™€ PBMC mRNA ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ ˆ์…‰ํŠธ ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŽ˜๋ฆฌ๋ˆ์„ 4์ฃผ๊ฐ„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์กฐํ˜„๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ ์ˆ˜์น˜์™€ IL-1๋ฒ ํƒ€์˜ PBMC mRNA ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™˜์ž์˜ NF-kappaB ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์™€ PBMC mRNA ๋ฐœํ˜„์€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ IL-1๋ฒ ํƒ€์™€ TNF-์•ŒํŒŒ์˜ PBMC mRNA ๋ฐœํ˜„์€ ์กฐํ˜„๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์™€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ NF-kappaB ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์™€ ์–‘์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Schizophrenic patients showed activation of the cytokine system and immune disturbance. NF-kappaB activation may play a pivotal role in schizophrenia through interaction with cytokines.
์กฐํ˜„๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์™€ ๋ฉด์—ญ ๊ต๋ž€์„ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. NF-์นดํŒŒB ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์กฐํ˜„๋ณ‘์—์„œ ์ค‘์ถ”์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,079,595
Does phosphorylation by Cdk1 increase the binding of Eg5 to microtubules in vitro and in Xenopus egg extract spindles?
{ "contexts": [ "Motor proteins from the kinesin-5 subfamily play an essential role in spindle assembly during cell division of most organisms. These motors crosslink and slide microtubules in the spindle. Kinesin-5 motors are phosphorylated at a conserved site by Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) during mitosis. Xenopus laevis kinesin-5 has also been reported to be phosphorylated by Aurora A in vitro.", "We investigate here the effect of these phosphorylations on kinesin-5 from Xenopus laevis, called Eg5. We find that phosphorylation at threonine 937 in the C-terminal tail of Eg5 by Cdk1 does not affect the velocity of Eg5, but strongly increases its binding to microtubules assembled in buffer. Likewise, this phosphorylation promotes binding of Eg5 to microtubules in Xenopus egg extract spindles. This enhancement of binding elevates the amount of Eg5 in spindles above a critical level required for bipolar spindle formation. We find furthermore that phosphorylation of Xenopus laevis Eg5 by Aurora A at serine 543 in the stalk is not required for spindle formation." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Animals", "Buffers", "CDC2 Protein Kinase", "Cell Extracts", "Cyclin B", "Kinesin", "Microtubules", "Ovum", "Phosphorylation", "Protein Binding", "Spindle Apparatus", "Xenopus", "Xenopus Proteins" ] }
These results show that phosphorylation of Eg5 by Cdk1 has a direct effect on the interaction of this motor with microtubules. In egg extract, phosphorylation of Eg5 by Cdk1 ensures that the amount of Eg5 in the spindle is above a level that is required for spindle formation. This enhanced targeting to the spindle appears therefore to be, at least in part, a direct consequence of the enhanced binding of Eg5 to microtubules upon phosphorylation by Cdk1. These findings advance our understanding of the regulation of this essential mitotic motor protein.
yes
pub_med_qa40165
[ { "content": "Cdk1์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ธ์‚ฐํ™”๊ฐ€ ์‹œํ—˜๊ด€ ๋‚ด ๋ฏธ์„ธ์†Œ๊ด€๊ณผ Xenopus ๋‚œ์ž ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ ์Šคํ•€๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ Eg5์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๋‚˜์š”?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\nํ‚ค๋„ค์‹ -5 ์•„๊ณผ์˜ ์šด๋™ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์„ธํฌ ๋ถ„์—ด์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์Šคํ•€๋“ค ์กฐ๋ฆฝ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจํ„ฐ๋Š” ์Šคํ•€๋“ค์—์„œ ๋ฏธ์„ธ์†Œ๊ด€์„ ๊ต์ฐจ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๋„๋Ÿฌ๋œจ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‚ค๋„ค์‹ -5 ๋ชจํ„ฐ๋Š” ์œ ์‚ฌ ๋ถ„์—ด ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ฌ์ดํด๋ฆฐ ์˜์กด์„ฑ ํ‚ค๋‚˜์•„์ œ 1(Cdk1)์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ณด์กด๋œ ๋ถ€์œ„์—์„œ ์ธ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๋…ธํ‘ธ์Šค ๋ผ์—๋น„์Šค ํ‚ค๋„ค์‹ -5๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜๊ด€ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์˜ค๋กœ๋ผ A์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ธ์‚ฐํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ธ์‚ฐํ™”๊ฐ€ Xenopus laevis์˜ ํ‚ค๋„ค์‹ -5์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ Eg5์˜ C-๋ง๋‹จ ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” Threonine 937์—์„œ Cdk1์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ธ์‚ฐํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ Eg5์˜ ์†๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฒ„ํผ์— ์กฐ๋ฆฝ๋œ ๋ฏธ์„ธ์†Œ๊ด€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ, ์ด ์ธ์‚ฐํ™”๋Š” Xenopus ๋‚œ์ž ์ถ”์ถœ ์Šคํ•€๋“ค์—์„œ ๋ฏธ์„ธ์†Œ๊ด€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ Eg5์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์Šคํ•€๋“ค ๋‚ด Eg5์˜ ์–‘์„ ์–‘๊ทน์„ฑ ์Šคํ•€๋“ค ํ˜•์„ฑ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ž„๊ณ„ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ค„๊ธฐ์˜ ์„ธ๋ฆฐ 543์—์„œ Aurora A์— ์˜ํ•ด Xenopus laevis Eg5์˜ ์ธ์‚ฐํ™”๊ฐ€ ์Šคํ•€๋“ค ํ˜•์„ฑ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
These results show that phosphorylation of Eg5 by Cdk1 has a direct effect on the interaction of this motor with microtubules. In egg extract, phosphorylation of Eg5 by Cdk1 ensures that the amount of Eg5 in the spindle is above a level that is required for spindle formation. This enhanced targeting to the spindle appears therefore to be, at least in part, a direct consequence of the enhanced binding of Eg5 to microtubules upon phosphorylation by Cdk1. These findings advance our understanding of the regulation of this essential mitotic motor protein.
์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” Cdk1์— ์˜ํ•œ Eg5์˜ ์ธ์‚ฐํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ด ์šด๋™๊ณผ ๋ฏธ์„ธ์†Œ๊ด€์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์— ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚œ์ž ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ์—์„œ Cdk1์— ์˜ํ•œ Eg5์˜ ์ธ์‚ฐํ™”๋Š” ์Šคํ•€๋“ค ๋‚ด Eg5์˜ ์–‘์ด ์Šคํ•€๋“ค ํ˜•์„ฑ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ด์ƒ์ž„์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์Šคํ•€๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ํƒ€๊ฒŸํŒ…์€ ์ ์–ด๋„ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” Cdk1์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ธ์‚ฐํ™” ์‹œ ๋ฏธ์„ธ์†Œ๊ด€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ Eg5์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋œ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์€ ์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์œ ์‚ฌ ๋ถ„์—ด ์šด๋™ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,055,656
Does treatment with adalimumab ( Humira ) and intravenous immunoglobulin improve pregnancy rates in women undergoing IVF?
{ "contexts": [ "The purpose of this study was to investigate whether treatment with TNF-alpha inhibitors and/or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) increases in vitro fertilization (IVF) success rates among young (<38 years) women with infertility and T helper 1/T helper 2 cytokine elevation.", "Seventy-five sub-fertile women with Th1/Th2 cytokine elevation were divided into four groups: Group I: Forty-one patients using both IVIG and Adalimumab (Humira), Group II: Twenty-three patients using IVIG, Group III: Six patients using Humira, and Group IV: Five patients using no IVIG or Humira.", "The implantation rate (number of gestational sacs per embryo transferred, with an average of two embryos transferred by cycle) was 59% (50/85), 47% (21/45), 31% (4/13) and 0% (0/9) for groups I, II, III and IV respectively. The clinical pregnancy rate (fetal heart activity per IVF cycle started) was 80% (33/41), 57% (13/23), 50% (3/6) and 0% (0/5) and the live birth rate was 73% (30/41), 52% (12/23), 50% (3/6) and 0% (0/5) respectively. There was a significant improvement in implantation, clinical pregnancy and live birth rates for group I versus group IV (P = 0.0007, 0.0009, and 0.003, respectively) and for group II versus group IV (P = 0.009, 0.04 and 0.05, respectively)." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adalimumab", "Adult", "Anti-Inflammatory Agents", "Antibodies, Monoclonal", "Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized", "Cytokines", "Female", "Fertilization in Vitro", "Flow Cytometry", "Humans", "Immunoglobulins, Intravenous", "Immunologic Factors", "Infertility, Female", "Pregnancy", "Pregnancy Rate" ] }
The use of a TNF-alpha inhibitor and IVIG significantly improves IVF outcome in young infertile women with Th1/Th2 cytokine elevation.
yes
pub_med_qa40166
[ { "content": "์•„๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฌด๋ง™(ํœด๋ฏธ๋ผ)๊ณผ ์ •๋งฅ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ ๋ฉด์—ญ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ถˆ๋ฆฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋งฅ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์ž„์‹ ์œจ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋‚˜์š”?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์•„๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฌด๋ง™(ํœด๋ฏธ๋ผ)๊ณผ ์ •๋งฅ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ ๋ฉด์—ญ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ถˆ๋ฆฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋งฅ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์ž„์‹ ์œจ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋‚˜์š”?", "role": "passage" } ]
The use of a TNF-alpha inhibitor and IVIG significantly improves IVF outcome in young infertile women with Th1/Th2 cytokine elevation.
TNF-์•ŒํŒŒ ์–ต์ œ์ œ์™€ IVIG๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด Th1/Th2 ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•œ ์ Š์€ ๋ถˆ์ž„ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ IVF ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,061,710
Do myoglobin and troponin I elevation predict 5-year mortality in patients with undifferentiated chest pain in the emergency department?
{ "contexts": [ "The long-term prognostic significance of elevated cardiac markers in an undifferentiated patient population with chest pain is unknown.", "Serum troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), and myoglobin were measured at presentation in 951 consecutive patients evaluated in the emergency department for possible acute coronary syndrome, and all-cause mortality was measured over 5 years.", "Final diagnoses included myocardial infarction in 70 (7.4%), unstable angina in 78 (8.2%), stable angina in 26 (2.7%), heart failure in 135 (14.2%), syncope in 61 (6.4%), arrhythmia in 62 (6.5%), and noncardiac diagnoses in 519 (54.6%). Our study population had a mean (+/-SD) age of 63 (+/-16), 434 (46%) were male, 774 (81%) were African American, 408 (43%) had known coronary artery disease, 647 (68%) had hypertension, 244 (26%) had diabetes mellitus, and 237 (25%) had a serum creatinine>or=1.5 mg/dL. At 5 years, there were 349 (36.7%) deaths. In a multivariate model with adjustment for baseline covariates, an elevated cTnI>or=1.0 ng/mL (hazard ratio [HR] 1.7, 95% CI 1.3-2.3) and myoglobin>or=200 ng/mL (HR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2-2.1), but not CK-MB>or=9.0 ng/mL (HR 0.9, 95% CI 0.6-1.3), remained independent predictors of all-cause mortality. Patients with both elevated cTnI and myoglobin had a particularly high mortality rate." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Acute Coronary Syndrome", "Aged", "Chest Pain", "Creatine Kinase, MB Form", "Emergency Service, Hospital", "Female", "Humans", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Myoglobin", "Predictive Value of Tests", "Prognosis", "Retrospective Studies", "Survival Rate", "Time Factors", "Troponin I" ] }
Among patients evaluated in the emergency department for possible acute coronary syndromes, myoglobin and cTnI at presentation are powerful, independent predictors of long-term (5-year) prognosis.
yes
pub_med_qa40167
[ { "content": "๋ฏธ์˜ค๊ธ€๋กœ๋นˆ๊ณผ ํŠธ๋กœํฌ๋‹Œ I ์ˆ˜์น˜ ์ƒ์Šน์ด ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„ํ™” ํ‰ํ†ต ํ™˜์ž์˜ 5๋…„ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "๋ฏธ์˜ค๊ธ€๋กœ๋นˆ๊ณผ ํŠธ๋กœํฌ๋‹Œ I ์ˆ˜์น˜ ์ƒ์Šน์ด ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„ํ™” ํ‰ํ†ต ํ™˜์ž์˜ 5๋…„ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "passage" } ]
Among patients evaluated in the emergency department for possible acute coronary syndromes, myoglobin and cTnI at presentation are powerful, independent predictors of long-term (5-year) prognosis.
์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค์—์„œ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ๊ด€์ƒ๋™๋งฅ ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋œ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ ๋ฏธ์˜ค๊ธ€๋กœ๋นˆ๊ณผ cTnI๋Š” ์žฅ๊ธฐ(5๋…„) ์˜ˆํ›„๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์ง€ํ‘œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,084,329
Does aspirin resistance determined with PFA-100 predict new thrombotic events in patients with stable ischemic cerebrovascular disease?
{ "contexts": [ "Evidence is growing that some patients are not responsive to the antithrombotic action of aspirin. We prospectively evaluated the ability of aspirin resistance status, determined by PFA-100, to predict new thrombotic events in patients with stable ischemic cerebrovascular disease.", "We studied 129 consecutive patients with stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA) or vascular cognitive impairment. We assessed relationships between aspirin resistance, risk factors for ischemic cerebrovascular disease, and occurrence of new thrombotic events (composite of stroke, TIA, myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular death).", "Aspirin resistance, found in 26 (20.1%) cases, was unrelated to any of the examined vascular risk factors. During mean follow-up of 56 months, new thrombotic events occurred in 19 patients (14.7%), four with aspirin resistance (15.4%) and 15 (14.6%) without aspirin resistance (p=1.00)." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Aged", "Aspirin", "Cognition Disorders", "Drug Resistance", "Female", "Follow-Up Studies", "Hematologic Tests", "Humans", "Ischemic Attack, Transient", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors", "Predictive Value of Tests", "Prospective Studies", "Risk Factors", "Stroke", "Thrombosis", "Treatment Outcome" ] }
Aspirin resistance determined by PFA-100 does not predict new thrombotic events in patients with stable ischemic cerebrovascular disease.
no
pub_med_qa40168
[ { "content": "PFA-100์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋œ ์•„์Šคํ”ผ๋ฆฐ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์ด ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ํ—ˆํ˜ˆ์„ฑ ๋‡Œํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์งˆํ™˜ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜ˆ์ „์ฆ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ผ๋ถ€ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์ด ์•„์Šคํ”ผ๋ฆฐ์˜ ํ•ญํ˜ˆ์ „ ์ž‘์šฉ์— ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” PFA-100์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ ์•„์Šคํ”ผ๋ฆฐ ๋‚ด์„ฑ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ํ—ˆํ˜ˆ์„ฑ ๋‡Œํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์งˆํ™˜ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜ˆ์ „์ฆ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ „ํ–ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘, ์ผ์‹œ์  ํ—ˆํ˜ˆ ๋ฐœ์ž‘(TIA) ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์ธ์ง€ ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” 129๋ช…์˜ ์—ฐ์† ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์Šคํ”ผ๋ฆฐ ๋‚ด์„ฑ, ํ—ˆํ˜ˆ์„ฑ ๋‡Œํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์ธ, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜ˆ์ „ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด(๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘, TIA, ์‹ฌ๊ทผ๊ฒฝ์ƒ‰, ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์‚ฌ๋ง์˜ ๋ณตํ•ฉ) ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n26๊ฑด(20.1%)์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ์•„์Šคํ”ผ๋ฆฐ ๋‚ด์„ฑ์€ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋œ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ๋ฌด๊ด€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 56๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ ํ‰๊ท  ์ถ”์  ๊ด€์ฐฐ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ 19๋ช…(14.7%)์˜ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜ˆ์ „์ฆ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์•„์Šคํ”ผ๋ฆฐ ๋‚ด์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™˜์ž 4๋ช…(15.4%)๊ณผ ์•„์Šคํ”ผ๋ฆฐ ๋‚ด์„ฑ์ด ์—†๋Š” ํ™˜์ž 15๋ช…(14.6%)์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜ˆ์ „์ฆ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(p=1.00).", "role": "passage" } ]
Aspirin resistance determined by PFA-100 does not predict new thrombotic events in patients with stable ischemic cerebrovascular disease.
PFA-100์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ ์•„์Šคํ”ผ๋ฆฐ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์€ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ํ—ˆํ˜ˆ์„ฑ ๋‡Œํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์งˆํ™˜ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜ˆ์ „์ฆ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,073,969
Does inhibition of Mammalian target of rapamycin by rapamycin cause the regression of carcinogen-induced skin tumor lesions?
{ "contexts": [ "The activation of Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway represents a frequent event in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) progression, thus raising the possibility of using specific mTOR inhibitors for the treatment of SCC patients. In this regard, blockade of mTOR with rapamycin prevents the growth of human head and neck SCC cells when xenotransplanted into immunodeficient mice. However, therapeutic responses in xenograft tumors are not always predictive of clinical anticancer activity.", "As genetically defined and chemically induced animal cancer models often reflect better the complexity of the clinical setting, we used here a two-step chemical carcinogenesis model to explore the effectiveness of rapamycin for the treatment of skin SCC.", "Rapamycin exerted a remarkable anticancer activity in this chemically induced cancer model, decreasing the tumor burden of mice harboring early and advanced tumor lesions, and even recurrent skin SCCs. Immunohistochemical studies on tumor biopsies and clustering analysis revealed that rapamycin causes the rapid decrease in the phosphorylation status of mTOR targets followed by the apoptotic death of cancer cells and the reduction in the growth and metabolic activity of the surviving ones, concomitant with a decrease in the population of cancer cells expressing mutant p53. This approach enabled investigating the relationship among molecular changes caused by mTOR inhibition, thus helping identify relevant biomarkers for monitoring the effectiveness of mTOR inhibition in the clinical setting." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene", "Animals", "Antineoplastic Agents", "Carrier Proteins", "Female", "Mice", "Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)", "Sirolimus", "Skin Neoplasms", "TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases" ] }
Together, these findings provide a strong rationale for the early evaluation of mTOR inhibitors as a molecular targeted approach to treat SCC.
yes
pub_med_qa40169
[ { "content": "ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ผํŒŒ๋งˆ์ด์‹  ํ‘œ์ ์„ ๋ผํŒŒ๋งˆ์ด์‹ ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฐœ์•” ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ์ข…์–‘ ๋ณ‘๋ณ€์ด ํ‡ดํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๋ผํŒŒ๋งˆ์ด์‹ (mTOR) ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์˜ Akt/์œ ๋ฅ˜ ํ‘œ์ ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋Š” ํŽธํ‰์„ธํฌ์•”(SCC) ์ง„ํ–‰์—์„œ ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ SCC ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ํŠน์ • mTOR ์–ต์ œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ผํŒŒ๋งˆ์ด์‹ ์œผ๋กœ mTOR๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉด์—ญ ๊ฒฐํ• ์ƒ์ฅ์— ์ด์ข… ์ด์‹ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‘๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ SCC ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด์ข… ์ด์‹ ์ข…์–‘์—์„œ์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ž„์ƒ ํ•ญ์•” ํ™œ์„ฑ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์œ ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜๋˜๊ณ  ํ™”ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋„๋œ ๋™๋ฌผ ์•” ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์ข…์ข… ์ž„์ƒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํ”ผ๋ถ€ SCC ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ผํŒŒ๋งˆ์ด์‹ ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 2๋‹จ๊ณ„ ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฐœ์•” ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n๋ผํŒŒ๋งˆ์ด์‹ ์€ ์ด ํ™”ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋„๋œ ์•” ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ํ•ญ์•” ํ™œ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ ์ข…์–‘ ๋ณ‘๋ณ€์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ฅ์˜ ์ข…์–‘ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ์ค„์˜€๊ณ , ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์žฌ๋ฐœ์„ฑ ํ”ผ๋ถ€ SCC๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข…์–‘ ์ƒ๊ฒ€๊ณผ ๊ตฐ์ง‘ ๋ถ„์„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฉด์—ญ์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•™์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋ผํŒŒ๋งˆ์ด์‹ ์€ mTOR ํ‘œ์ ์˜ ์ธ์‚ฐํ™” ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ๊ทธ ํ›„ ์•”์„ธํฌ์˜ ์„ธํฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฉธ๊ณผ ์ƒ์กด ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ํ™œ๋™์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ, ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด p53์„ ๋ฐœํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ์•”์„ธํฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ฒด ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด mTOR ์–ต์ œ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ถ„์ž ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž„์ƒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ mTOR ์–ต์ œ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๋งˆ์ปค๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Together, these findings provide a strong rationale for the early evaluation of mTOR inhibitors as a molecular targeted approach to treat SCC.
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” SCC ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ถ„์ž ํ‘œ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ์„œ mTOR ์–ต์ œ์ œ์˜ ์กฐ๊ธฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,079,715
Are g-protein-coupled receptor 30 and estrogen receptor-alpha involved in the proliferative effects induced by atrazine in ovarian cancer cells?
{ "contexts": [ "Atrazine, one of the most common pesticide contaminants, has been shown to up-regulate aromatase activity in certain estrogen-sensitive tumors without binding or activating the estrogen receptor (ER). Recent investigations have demonstrated that the orphan G-protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30), which is structurally unrelated to the ER, mediates rapid actions of 17beta-estradiol and environmental estrogens.", "Given the ability of atrazine to exert estrogen-like activity in cancer cells, we evaluated the potential of atrazine to signal through GPR30 in stimulating biological responses in cancer cells.", "Atrazine did not transactivate the endogenous ERalpha in different cancer cell contexts or chimeric proteins encoding the ERalpha and ERbeta hormone-binding domain in gene reporter assays. Moreover, atrazine neither regulated the expression of ERalpha nor stimulated aromatase activity. Interestingly, atrazine induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and the expression of estrogen target genes. Using specific signaling inhibitors and gene silencing, we demonstrated that atrazine stimulated the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells through the GPR30-epidermal growth factor receptor transduction pathway and the involvement of ERalpha." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Aromatase", "Atrazine", "Base Sequence", "Cell Proliferation", "DNA Primers", "Enzyme Activation", "Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases", "Female", "Herbicides", "Humans", "Ovarian Neoplasms", "Phosphorylation", "Receptors, Estrogen", "Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled", "Tumor Cells, Cultured" ] }
Our results indicate a novel mechanism through which atrazine may exert relevant biological effects in cancer cells. On the basis of the present data, atrazine should be included among the environmental contaminants potentially able to signal via GPR30 in eliciting estrogenic action.
yes
pub_med_qa40170
[ { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๋ผํŒŒ๋งˆ์ด์‹ (mTOR) ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์˜ Akt/์œ ๋ฅ˜ ํ‘œ์ ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋Š” ํŽธํ‰์„ธํฌ์•”(SCC) ์ง„ํ–‰์—์„œ ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ SCC ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ํŠน์ • mTOR ์–ต์ œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ผํŒŒ๋งˆ์ด์‹ ์œผ๋กœ mTOR๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉด์—ญ ๊ฒฐํ• ์ƒ์ฅ์— ์ด์ข… ์ด์‹ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‘๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ SCC ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด์ข… ์ด์‹ ์ข…์–‘์—์„œ์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ž„์ƒ ํ•ญ์•” ํ™œ์„ฑ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์œ ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜๋˜๊ณ  ํ™”ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋„๋œ ๋™๋ฌผ ์•” ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์ข…์ข… ์ž„์ƒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํ”ผ๋ถ€ SCC ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ผํŒŒ๋งˆ์ด์‹ ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 2๋‹จ๊ณ„ ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฐœ์•” ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n๋ผํŒŒ๋งˆ์ด์‹ ์€ ์ด ํ™”ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋„๋œ ์•” ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ํ•ญ์•” ํ™œ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ ์ข…์–‘ ๋ณ‘๋ณ€์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ฅ์˜ ์ข…์–‘ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ์ค„์˜€๊ณ , ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์žฌ๋ฐœ์„ฑ ํ”ผ๋ถ€ SCC๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข…์–‘ ์ƒ๊ฒ€๊ณผ ๊ตฐ์ง‘ ๋ถ„์„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฉด์—ญ์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•™์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋ผํŒŒ๋งˆ์ด์‹ ์€ mTOR ํ‘œ์ ์˜ ์ธ์‚ฐํ™” ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ๊ทธ ํ›„ ์•”์„ธํฌ์˜ ์„ธํฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฉธ๊ณผ ์ƒ์กด ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ํ™œ๋™์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ, ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด p53์„ ๋ฐœํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ์•”์„ธํฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ฒด ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด mTOR ์–ต์ œ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ถ„์ž ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž„์ƒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ mTOR ์–ต์ œ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๋งˆ์ปค๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•œ ์‚ด์ถฉ์ œ ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ์•„ํŠธ๋ผ์ง„์€ ์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด(ER)์— ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ๋„ ํŠน์ • ์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ์— ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•œ ์ข…์–‘์—์„œ ์•„๋กœ๋งˆํƒ€์ œ ํ™œ์„ฑ์„ ์ƒํ–ฅ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ER๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์—†๋Š” ํฌ๊ท€ G-๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด 30(GPR30)์ด 17๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฒ ํƒ€ ์—์ŠคํŠธ๋ผ๋””์˜ฌ๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ์˜ ์‹ ์†ํ•œ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๋งค๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์•”์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ ์œ ์‚ฌ ํ™œ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์•„ํŠธ๋ผ์ง„์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•”์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์ž๊ทนํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด GPR30์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ์•„ํŠธ๋ผ์ง„์˜ ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์•„ํŠธ๋ผ์ง„์€ ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ฆฌํฌํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์•”์„ธํฌ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์ด๋‚˜ ERalpha์™€ ERbeta ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ์„ ์•”ํ˜ธํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ํ‚ค๋ฉ”๋ผ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์—์„œ ๋‚ด์ธ์„ฑ ERalpha๋ฅผ ํŠธ๋žœ์Šคํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์•„ํŠธ๋ผ์ง„์€ ERalpha์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•„๋กœ๋งˆํƒ€์ œ ํ™œ์„ฑ์„ ์ž๊ทนํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ๋„ ์•„ํŠธ๋ผ์ง„์€ ์„ธํฌ์™ธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์กฐ์ ˆ ํ‚ค๋‚˜์•„์ œ(ERK) ์ธ์‚ฐํ™”์™€ ์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ ํ‘œ์  ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ์œ ๋„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠน์ • ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์–ต์ œ์ œ์™€ ์œ ์ „์ž ์นจ๋ฌต์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์•„ํŠธ๋ผ์ง„์ด GPR30-ํ‘œํ”ผ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ธ์ž ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ์ „๋‹ฌ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‚œ์†Œ์•” ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ฆ์‹๊ณผ ERalpha์˜ ๊ด€์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์ž๊ทนํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž…์ฆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Our results indicate a novel mechanism through which atrazine may exert relevant biological effects in cancer cells. On the basis of the present data, atrazine should be included among the environmental contaminants potentially able to signal via GPR30 in eliciting estrogenic action.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์•„ํŠธ๋ผ์ง„์ด ์•”์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์•„ํŠธ๋ผ์ง„์€ ์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ GPR30์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,056,770
Does rOCK inhibitor improve survival of cryopreserved serum/feeder-free single human embryonic stem cells?
{ "contexts": [ "Efficient slow freezing protocols within serum-free and feeder-free culture systems are crucial for the clinical application of human embryonic stem (hES) cells. Frequently, however, hES cells must be cryopreserved as clumps when using conventional slow freezing protocols, leading to lower survival rates during freeze-thaw and limiting their recovery and growth efficiency after thawing, as well as limiting downstream applications that require single cell suspensions. We describe a novel method to increase freeze-thaw survival and proliferation rate of single hES cells in serum-free and feeder-free culture conditions.", "hES cells maintained on Matrigel-coated dishes were dissociated into single cells with Accutase and slow freezing. After thawing at 37 degrees C, cells were cultured in mTeSR medium supplemented with 10 microM of Rho-associated kinase inhibitor Y-27632 for 1 day.", "The use of Y-27632 and Accutase significantly increases the survival of single hES cells after thawing compared with a control group (P < 0.01). Furthermore, by treatment of hES cell aggregates with EGTA to disrupt cell-cell interaction, we show that Y-27632 treatment does not directly affect hES cell apoptosis. Even in the presence of Y-27632, hES cells deficient in cell-cell interaction undergo apoptosis. Y-27632-treated freeze-thawed hES cells retain typical morphology, stable karyotype, expression of pluripotency markers and the potential to differentiate into derivatives of all three germ layers after long-term culture." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Amides", "Animals", "Apoptosis", "Cells, Cultured", "Collagen", "Cryopreservation", "Culture Media", "Culture Media, Serum-Free", "Drug Combinations", "Embryonic Stem Cells", "Enzyme Inhibitors", "Freezing", "Humans", "Laminin", "Mice", "Proteoglycans", "Pyridines", "Temperature", "rho-Associated Kinases" ] }
The method described here allows for cryopreservation of single hES cells in serum-free and feeder-free conditions and therefore we believe this method will be ideal for current and future hES cell applications that are targeted towards a therapeutic end-point.
yes
pub_med_qa40171
[ { "content": "rOCK ์–ต์ œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ƒ‰๋™ ๋ณด์กด๋œ ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ/ํ”ผ๋”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๋‹จ์ผ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐฐ์•„ ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ƒ์กด์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋‚˜์š”?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\nํ˜ˆ์ฒญ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ๋ฐ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ž๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๋Š๋ฆฐ ๋™๊ฒฐ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐฐ์•„ ์ค„๊ธฐ(hES) ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ž„์ƒ ์ ์šฉ์— ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ข…์ข… hES ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋Š๋ฆฐ ๋™๊ฒฐ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋ƒ‰๋™ ๋ณด์กด๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋™๊ฒฐ ํ•ด๋™ ์ค‘ ์ƒ์กด์œจ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๊ณ  ํ•ด๋™ ํ›„ ํšŒ๋ณต ๋ฐ ์„ฑ์žฅ ํšจ์œจ์„ ์ œํ•œํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‹จ์ผ ์„ธํฌ ํ˜„ํƒ์•ก์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํ•˜๋ฅ˜ ์‘์šฉ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ฅผ ์ œํ•œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ๋ฐ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ž๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ๋‹จ์ผ hES ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋™๊ฒฐ ํ•ด๋™ ์ƒ์กด์œจ๊ณผ ์ฆ์‹๋ฅ ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n๋งˆํŠธ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ” ์ฝ”ํŒ… ์ ‘์‹œ์— ๋ณด๊ด€๋œ hES ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ Accutase์™€ ๋Š๋ฆฐ ๋™๊ฒฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹จ์ผ ์„ธํฌ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 37ยฐC์—์„œ ํ•ด๋™ํ•œ ํ›„, ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ 10๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœM์˜ Rho ๊ด€๋ จ ํ‚ค๋‚˜์•„์ œ ์–ต์ œ์ œ Y-27632๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ถฉ๋œ mTeSR ๋ฐฐ์ง€์—์„œ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\nY-27632์™€ Accutase๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ํ•ด๋™ ํ›„ ๋‹จ์ผ hES ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ƒ์กด์œจ์ด ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ(P < 0.01)์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์„ธํฌ-์„ธํฌ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด hES ์„ธํฌ ์‘์ง‘์ฒด๋ฅผ EGTA๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ Y-27632 ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ hES ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์„ธํฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฉธ์— ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Y-27632๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ์„ธํฌ-์„ธํฌ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ๊ฒฐํ•๋œ hES ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ์„ธํฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฉธ์„ ๊ฒช์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Y-27632๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋œ ๋™๊ฒฐ ํ•ด๋™๋œ hES ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ, ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ํ•ตํ˜•, ๋‹ค๋Šฅ์„ฑ ๋งˆ์ปค์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ๋ฐ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ํ›„ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒ์‹์ธต ๋ชจ๋‘์˜ ์œ ๋„์ฒด๋กœ ๋ถ„ํ™”ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
The method described here allows for cryopreservation of single hES cells in serum-free and feeder-free conditions and therefore we believe this method will be ideal for current and future hES cell applications that are targeted towards a therapeutic end-point.
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์„ค๋ช…๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ์ด ์—†๊ณ  ํ”ผ๋”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ๋‹จ์ผ hES ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋ƒ‰๋™ ๋ณด์กด์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฐ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ hES ์„ธํฌ ์‘์šฉ์— ์ด์ƒ์ ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,057,022
Is core2 1-6-N-glucosaminyltransferase-I crucial for the formation of atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice?
{ "contexts": [ "Core2 1-6-N-glucosaminyltransferase-I (C2GlcNAcT-I) modification of adhesion molecules is required for optimal binding to target ligands. The objective of this study was to determine the role of C2GlcNAcT-I in the recruitment of Ly-6C(hi) monocytes to atherosclerotic lesions and in lesion formation in mice.", "In a whole-blood binding assay, Ly-6C(hi) monocytes and certain lymphocytes and natural killer cells from wild-type mice bound to P- and E-selectin. C2GlcNAcT-I deficiency abrogated leukocyte binding to P- and E-selectin in this assay as well as in an in vitro flow chamber assay. Moreover, C2GlcNAcT-I deficiency decreased Ly-6C(hi) monocyte interactions with atherosclerotic arteries under physiological flow conditions and also inhibited monocyte recruitment to the peritoneal cavity in mice challenged with thioglycollate. In apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice, lack of C2GlcNAcT-I resulted in fewer and smaller atherosclerotic lesions in mouse aortas. Atherosclerosis was also suppressed in C2GlcNAcT-I(-/-)/apoE(-/-) chimeric mice transplanted with C2GlcNAcT-I(+/+) bone marrow cells." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Animals", "Antigens, Ly", "Apolipoproteins E", "Atherosclerosis", "Bone Marrow Cells", "Bone Marrow Transplantation", "Cells, Cultured", "Chemotaxis, Leukocyte", "Diet, Atherogenic", "Disease Models, Animal", "E-Selectin", "Female", "Inflammation", "Killer Cells, Natural", "Lymphocytes", "Male", "Mice", "Mice, Inbred C57BL", "Mice, Knockout", "Monocytes", "N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases", "P-Selectin", "Pulsatile Flow", "Time Factors", "Transplantation Chimera" ] }
C2GlcNAcT-I in both leukocytes and blood vessel wall cells contributes to leukocyte recruitment to the arterial wall. C2GlcNAcT-I deficiency leads to the formation of small, macrophage-poor, and collagen-rich atherosclerotic lesions.
yes
pub_med_qa40172
[ { "content": "core2 1-6-N-๊ธ€๋ฃจ์ฝ”์‚ฌ๋ฏธ๋‹ํŠธ๋žœ์Šคํผ๋ผ์ œ-I๊ฐ€ ์•„ํฌ์ง€๋‹จ๋ฐฑ E ๊ฒฐํ• ์ƒ์ฅ์—์„œ ์ฃฝ์ƒ๊ฒฝํ™”์„ฑ ๋ณ‘๋ณ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "core2 1-6-N-๊ธ€๋ฃจ์ฝ”์‚ฌ๋ฏธ๋‹ํŠธ๋žœ์Šคํผ๋ผ์ œ-I๊ฐ€ ์•„ํฌ์ง€๋‹จ๋ฐฑ E ๊ฒฐํ• ์ƒ์ฅ์—์„œ ์ฃฝ์ƒ๊ฒฝํ™”์„ฑ ๋ณ‘๋ณ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "passage" } ]
C2GlcNAcT-I in both leukocytes and blood vessel wall cells contributes to leukocyte recruitment to the arterial wall. C2GlcNAcT-I deficiency leads to the formation of small, macrophage-poor, and collagen-rich atherosclerotic lesions.
๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ์™€ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€๋ฒฝ ์„ธํฌ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ C2GlcNAcT-I๋Š” ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋™๋งฅ๋ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ์ง‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. C2GlcNAcT-I ๊ฒฐํ•์€ ์ž‘๊ณ  ๋Œ€์‹์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ฝœ๋ผ๊ฒ์ด ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ์ฃฝ์ƒ๊ฒฝํ™”์„ฑ ๋ณ‘๋ณ€์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,054,597
Is eicosapentaenoic acid more effective than docosahexaenoic acid in inhibiting proinflammatory mediator production and transcription from LPS-induced human asthmatic alveolar macrophage cells?
{ "contexts": [ "The purpose of the study was to determine which of the active constituents of fish oil, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), is most effective in suppressing proinflammatory mediator generation and cytokine expression from LPS-stimulated human asthmatic alveolar macrophages (AMphi).", "The AMphi were obtained from twenty-one asthmatic adults using fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Cells were pretreated with DMEM, pure EPA, an EPA-rich media (45% EPA/10% DHA), pure DHA, a DHA-rich media (10% EPA/50% DHA) or Lipovenos (n-6 PUFA), and then exposed to Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) (-) or LPS (+). Supernatants were analyzed for leukotriene (LT)B(4), prostaglandin (PG)D(2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1beta production. Detection of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta mRNA expression levels was quantified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.", "120 microM pure EPA and EPA-rich media significantly (p<0.05) suppressed TNF-alpha and IL-1beta mRNA expression and the production of LTB(4), PGD(2) and TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in LPS-stimulated primary AMphi cells obtained from asthmatic patients to a much greater extent than 120 microM pure DHA and DHA-rich media respectively." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal", "Asthma", "Cell Line", "Docosahexaenoic Acids", "Dose-Response Relationship, Drug", "Eicosapentaenoic Acid", "Humans", "Inflammation", "Interleukin-1beta", "Leukotriene B4", "Lipopolysaccharides", "Macrophages, Alveolar", "Prostaglandin D2", "Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction", "Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha" ] }
This study has shown for the first time that EPA is a more potent inhibitor than DHA of inflammatory responses in human asthmatic AMphi cells.
yes
pub_med_qa40173
[ { "content": "์•„์ด์ฝ”์‚ฌํŽœํƒ€์—”์‚ฐ์ด ๋„์ฝ”์‚ฌํ—ฅ์‚ฌ์—”์‚ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค LPS๋กœ ์œ ๋„๋œ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ฒœ์‹์„ฑ ํํฌ ๋Œ€์‹์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ์—ผ์ฆ ๋งค๊ฐœ์ฒด ์ƒ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ „์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์–ด์œ ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ธ ์—์ด์ฝ”์‚ฌํŽœํƒ€์—”์‚ฐ(EPA)๊ณผ ๋„์ฝ”์‚ฌํ—ฅ์‚ฌ์—”์‚ฐ(DHA) ์ค‘ ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์ด LPS๋กœ ์ž๊ทน๋œ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ฒœ์‹์„ฑ ํํฌ ๋Œ€์‹์„ธํฌ(AMphi)๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์—ผ์ฆ ๋งค๊ฐœ์ฒด ์ƒ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\nAMphi๋Š” 21๋ช…์˜ ์ฒœ์‹ ์„ฑ์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ด‘์„ฌ์œ  ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ง€๊ฒฝ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธํฌ๋Š” DMEM, ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ EPA, EPA๊ฐ€ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์ง€(45% EPA/10% DHA), ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ DHA, DHA๊ฐ€ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์ง€(10% EPA/50% DHA) ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฆฌํฌ๋ฒ ๋…ธ์Šค(n-6 PUFA)๋กœ ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ํ›„ ๋‘˜๋ฒ ์ฝ”์˜ ์ˆ˜์ •๋œ ์ด๊ธ€ ๋ฐฐ์ง€(DMEM)(-) ๋˜๋Š” LPS(+)์— ๋…ธ์ถœ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์ธต์•ก์€ ๋ฅ˜์ฝ”ํŠธ๋ฆฌ์—”(LT)B(4), ํ”„๋กœ์Šคํƒ€๊ธ€๋ž€๋”˜(PG)D(2), ์ข…์–‘ ๊ดด์‚ฌ ์ธ์ž(TNF)-์•ŒํŒŒ ๋ฐ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ฃจํ‚จ(IL)-1 ๋ฒ ํƒ€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. TNF-์•ŒํŒŒ ๋ฐ IL-1 ๋ฒ ํƒ€ mRNA ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ฒ€์ถœ์€ ์—ญ์ „์‚ฌ ์ค‘ํ•ฉํšจ์†Œ ์—ฐ์‡„ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •๋Ÿ‰ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n120 ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœM ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ EPA ๋ฐ EPA๊ฐ€ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 120 ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœM ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ DHA ๋ฐ DHA๊ฐ€ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์ง€๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ฒœ์‹ ํ™˜์ž๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ป์€ LPS ์ž๊ทน 1์ฐจ AMphi ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ TNF-์•ŒํŒŒ ๋ฐ IL-1๋ฒ ํƒ€ mRNA ๋ฐœํ˜„๊ณผ LTB(4), PGD(2) ๋ฐ TNF-์•ŒํŒŒ ๋ฐ IL-1๋ฒ ํƒ€ ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ์–ต์ œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
This study has shown for the first time that EPA is a more potent inhibitor than DHA of inflammatory responses in human asthmatic AMphi cells.
์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ EPA๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ฒœ์‹์„ฑ AMphi ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ์—ผ์ฆ ๋ฐ˜์‘์˜ DHA๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์–ต์ œ์ œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,072,833
Does p75 Neurotrophin receptor signaling regulate hepatic myofibroblast proliferation and apoptosis in recovery from rodent liver fibrosis?
{ "contexts": [ "Hepatic myofibroblast apoptosis is critical to resolution of liver fibrosis. We show that human hepatic myofibroblasts co-express p75(NTR) (p75 neurotrophin receptor) and sortilin, thus facilitating differential responses to mature and pro nerve growth factor (proNGF). Although mature NGF is proapoptotic, proNGF protects human hepatic myofibroblasts from apoptosis. Moreover, in recovery from experimental liver fibrosis, the decrease in proNGF parallels loss of hepatic myofibroblasts by apoptosis. Macrophage-derived matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7) cleaves proNGF in a concentration-dependent manner, and its expression in the liver coincides with falling proNGF levels. To define the dominant effect of p75(NTR)-mediated events in experimental liver fibrosis, we have used a mouse lacking the p75(NTR) ligand-binding domain but expressing the intracellular domain. We show that absence of p75(NTR) ligand-mediated signals leads to significantly retarded architectural resolution and reduced hepatic myofibroblast loss by apoptosis. Lack of the ligand-competent p75(NTR) limits hepatocyte and oval cell proliferative capacity in vivo without preventing hepatic stellate cell transdifferentiation." ], "labels": [ "UNLABELLED" ], "meshes": [ "Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport", "Animals", "Apoptosis", "Cell Proliferation", "Cells, Cultured", "Disease Models, Animal", "Fibroblasts", "Humans", "Liver Cirrhosis", "Male", "Mice", "Mice, Inbred C57BL", "Mice, Knockout", "Nerve Growth Factor", "Protein Precursors", "Receptor, Nerve Growth Factor", "Recovery of Function", "Signal Transduction" ] }
NGF species have a differential effect on hepatic myofibroblast survival. Our data suggest that cleavage of proNGF by MMP7 during the early phase of recovery from liver fibrosis alters the pro/mature NGF balance to facilitate hepatic myofibroblast loss. Whereas fibrosis develops in the absence of p75(NTR) signaling, the dominant effects of loss of p75(NTR) ligand-mediated events are the retardation of liver fibrosis resolution via regulation of hepatic myofibroblast proliferation and apoptosis, and the reduction of hepatocyte and oval cell proliferation.
yes
pub_med_qa40174
[ { "content": "p75 ๋‰ด๋กœํŠธ๋กœํ•€ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ „๋‹ฌ์ด ์„ค์น˜๋ฅ˜ ๊ฐ„ ์„ฌ์œ ํ™”์—์„œ ํšŒ๋ณต๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ„ ๊ทผ์„ฌ์œ ์•„์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ฆ์‹๊ณผ ์„ธํฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฉธ์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๊ฐ„ ๊ทผ์„ฌ์œ ๋ชจ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์„ธํฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฉธ์€ ๊ฐ„ ์„ฌ์œ ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ„ ๊ทผ์„ฌ์œ ๋ชจ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ p75(NTR)(p75 ๋‰ด๋กœํŠธ๋กœํ•€ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด)์™€ ์†Œ๋ฅดํ‹ธ๋ฆฐ์„ ๋™์‹œ ๋ฐœํ˜„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ฑ์ˆ™ํ•œ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ธ์ž(proNGF)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ฑ์ˆ™ํ•œ NGF๋Š” ์„ธํฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฉธ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, proNGF๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ„ ๊ทผ์„ฌ์œ ๋ชจ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์„ธํฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฉธ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”์šฑ์ด, ์‹คํ—˜์  ๊ฐ„ ์„ฌ์œ ํ™”๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํšŒ๋ณต๋  ๋•Œ, proNGF์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋Š” ์„ธํฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฉธ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ„ ๊ทผ์„ฌ์œ ๋ชจ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์†์‹ค๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์‹์„ธํฌ ์œ ๋ž˜ ๋งคํŠธ๋ฆญ์Šค ๋ฉ”ํƒˆ๋กœํ”„๋กœํ…Œ์ด๋‚˜์ œ 7(MMP7)์€ ๋†๋„ ์˜์กด์ ์œผ๋กœ proNGF๋ฅผ ์ ˆ๋‹จํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ„์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์€ proNGF ์ˆ˜์น˜์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜์  ๊ฐ„ ์„ฌ์œ ํ™”์—์„œ p75(NTR) ๋งค๊ฐœ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์ ์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” p75(NTR) ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ„๋“œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ์ด ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ์„ธํฌ ๋‚ด ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ์„ ๋ฐœํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” p75(NTR) ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ„๋“œ ๋งค๊ฐœ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ๋ถ€์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ํ•ด์ƒ๋„๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ง€์—ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์„ธํฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฉธ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ„ ๊ทผ์„ฌ์œ ๋ชจ์„ธํฌ ์†์‹ค์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ„๋“œ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ p75(NTR)์˜ ๋ถ€์žฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ„ ์„ฑ์ƒ์„ธํฌ ์ „ํ™˜์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ์ƒ์ฒด ๋‚ด ๊ฐ„์„ธํฌ ๋ฐ ํƒ€์›ํ˜• ์„ธํฌ ์ฆ์‹ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ œํ•œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
NGF species have a differential effect on hepatic myofibroblast survival. Our data suggest that cleavage of proNGF by MMP7 during the early phase of recovery from liver fibrosis alters the pro/mature NGF balance to facilitate hepatic myofibroblast loss. Whereas fibrosis develops in the absence of p75(NTR) signaling, the dominant effects of loss of p75(NTR) ligand-mediated events are the retardation of liver fibrosis resolution via regulation of hepatic myofibroblast proliferation and apoptosis, and the reduction of hepatocyte and oval cell proliferation.
NGF ์ข…๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ„ ๊ทผ์„ฌ์œ ๋ชจ์„ธํฌ ์ƒ์กด์— ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๊ฐ„ ์„ฌ์œ ํ™”์—์„œ ํšŒ๋ณต ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ MMP7์— ์˜ํ•œ proNGF์˜ ์ ˆ๋‹จ์€ ๊ฐ„ ๊ทผ์„ฌ์œ ๋ชจ์„ธํฌ ์†์‹ค์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์นœ/์„ฑ์ˆ™ํ•œ NGF ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ฌ์œ ํ™”๋Š” p75(NTR) ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ ๋•Œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, p75(NTR) ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ„๋“œ ๋งค๊ฐœ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์˜ ์†์‹ค์€ ๊ฐ„ ๊ทผ์„ฌ์œ ๋ชจ์„ธํฌ ์ฆ์‹ ๋ฐ ์„ธํฌ์ž๋ฉธ์‚ฌ ์กฐ์ ˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ฐ„ ์„ฌ์œ ํ™” ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ์ง€์—ฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ„์„ธํฌ ๋ฐ ํƒ€์›์„ธํฌ ์ฆ์‹ ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ์ฃผ๋œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,072,830
Does reduction of glycosphingolipid biosynthesis stimulate biliary lipid secretion in mice?
{ "contexts": [ "Recent reports indicate that glycosphingolipids play an important role in regulation of carbohydrate metabolism. We have shown that the iminosugar N-(5'-adamantane-1'-yl-methoxy)-pentyl-1-deoxynojirimycin (AMP-DNM), an inhibitor of the enzyme glucosylceramide synthase, is a potent enhancer of insulin signaling in rodent models for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In this study, we determined whether AMP-DNM also affects lipid homeostasis and, in particular, the reverse cholesterol transport pathway. Treatment of C57BL/6J mice with AMP-DNM for 5 weeks decreased plasma levels of triglycerides and cholesterol by 35%, whereas neutral sterol excretion increased twofold. Secretion of biliary lipid also increased twofold, which resulted in a similar rise in bile flow. This effect was not due to altered expression levels or kinetics of the various export pumps involved in bile formation. However, the bile salt pool size increased and the expression of Cyp7A1 was up-regulated. In vitro experiments using HepG2 hepatoma cell line revealed this to be due to inhibition of fibroblast growth factor-19 (FGF19)-mediated suppression of Cyp7A1 via the FGF receptor." ], "labels": [ "UNLABELLED" ], "meshes": [ "1-Deoxynojirimycin", "Adamantane", "Animals", "Bile", "Cell Line, Tumor", "Cells, Cultured", "Cholesterol", "Cholesterol, HDL", "Gallbladder", "Gangliosides", "Glycosphingolipids", "Humans", "Lipid Metabolism", "Lipoproteins, HDL", "Liver Neoplasms", "Mice", "Mice, Inbred C57BL", "RNA, Messenger", "Signal Transduction", "Triglycerides" ] }
Pharmacological modulation of glycosphingolipid metabolism showed surprising effects on lipid homeostasis in C57BL/6J mice. Upon administration of 100 mg AMP-DNM/kg body weight/day, plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels decreased, biliary lipid secretion doubled and also the endpoint of reverse cholesterol transport, neutral sterol excretion, doubled.
yes
pub_med_qa40175
[ { "content": "๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์ฝ”์Šคํ•‘๊ณ ์ง€์งˆ ์ƒํ•ฉ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์ฅ์˜ ๋‹ด์ฆ™ ์ง€์งˆ ๋ถ„๋น„๋ฅผ ์ž๊ทนํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์ฝ”์Šคํ•‘๊ณ ์ง€์งˆ ์ƒํ•ฉ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์ฅ์˜ ๋‹ด์ฆ™ ์ง€์งˆ ๋ถ„๋น„๋ฅผ ์ž๊ทนํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "passage" } ]
Pharmacological modulation of glycosphingolipid metabolism showed surprising effects on lipid homeostasis in C57BL/6J mice. Upon administration of 100 mg AMP-DNM/kg body weight/day, plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels decreased, biliary lipid secretion doubled and also the endpoint of reverse cholesterol transport, neutral sterol excretion, doubled.
๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์ฝ”์Šคํ•‘๊ณ ์ง€์งˆ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์˜ ์•ฝ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ์กฐ์ ˆ์€ C57BL/6J ์ƒ์ฅ์—์„œ ์ง€์งˆ ํ•ญ์ƒ์„ฑ์— ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒด์ค‘ 1kg๋‹น 100mg์˜ AMP-DNM์„ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ํ˜ˆ์žฅ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค๊ณผ ์ค‘์„ฑ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ด์ฆ™ ์ง€์งˆ ๋ถ„๋น„๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์—ญ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค ์ˆ˜์†ก์˜ ๋์ธ ์ค‘์„ฑ ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค ๋ฐฐ์„ค๋„ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,054,201
Does a comprehensive hip fracture program reduce complication rates and mortality?
{ "contexts": [ "To evaluate the rate of postoperative complications, length of stay, and 1-year mortality before and after introduction of a comprehensive multidisciplinary fast-track treatment and care program for hip fracture patients (the optimized program).", "Retrospective chart review with historical control.", "Orthopedic ward (110 beds) at a university hospital (700 beds).", "Five hundred thirty-five consecutive patients aged 40 and older (94%>or=60) hospitalized for hip fracture between January 1, 2003, and March 31, 2004. Three hundred and thirty-six patients (70.3%) were community dwellers before the fracture and 159 (29.7%) were admitted from nursing homes.", "The fast-track treatment and care program included a switch from systemic opiates to a local femoral nerve catheter block; an earlier assessment by the anesthesiologist; and a more-systematic approach to nutrition, fluid and oxygen therapy, and urinary retention.", "In the intervention group, the rate of any in-hospital postoperative complication was reduced from 33% to 20% (odds ratio=0.61, 95% confidence interval=0.4-0.9; P=.002). Rates of confusion (P=.02), pneumonia (P=.03), and urinary tract infection (P<.001) were lower in the intervention group than in the control group, and length of stay was 15.8 days in the control group, versus 9.7 days in the intervention group (P<.001). For community dwellers, 12-month mortality was 23% in the control group versus 12% in the intervention group (P=.02). Overall 12-month mortality was 29% in the control group and 23% in the intervention group (P=.2)." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Aged", "Aged, 80 and over", "Female", "Hip Fractures", "Humans", "Length of Stay", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Pain, Postoperative", "Patient Care Team", "Postoperative Care", "Postoperative Complications" ] }
The optimized hip fracture program reduced the rate of in-hospital postoperative complications and mortality. Randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm these results and elucidate the elements of the program that have the greatest effect on clinical outcomes and mortality.
yes
pub_med_qa40176
[ { "content": "ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ธ ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ๊ณจ์ ˆ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ฅ ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋‚˜์š”?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ๊ณจ์ ˆ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ๋‹คํ•™์ œ์  ํŒจ์ŠคํŠธํŠธ๋ž™ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋„์ž… ์ „ํ›„์˜ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ฅ , ์ž…์› ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„, 1๋…„ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด (์ตœ์ ํ™”๋œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ).\n\n2)\n๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋Œ€์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ํšŒ๊ณ ์  ์ฐจํŠธ ๊ฒ€ํ† .\n\n3)\n๋Œ€ํ•™๋ณ‘์› ์ •ํ˜•์™ธ๊ณผ ๋ณ‘๋™(110๋ณ‘์ƒ)(700๋ณ‘์ƒ).\n\n4)\n2003๋…„ 1์›” 1์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2004๋…„ 3์›” 31์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ๊ณจ์ ˆ๋กœ ์ž…์›ํ•œ 40์„ธ ์ด์ƒ ํ™˜์ž 535๋ช…(94% ์ด์ƒ=60๋ช…)์ด ์—ฐ์†์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์›ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณจ์ ˆ ์ „ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž๋Š” 336๋ช…(70.3%)์ด์—ˆ๊ณ , ์š”์–‘์›์—์„œ ์ž…์›ํ•œ ํ™˜์ž๋Š” 159๋ช…(29.7%)์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n5)\nํŒจ์ŠคํŠธํŠธ๋ž™ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—๋Š” ์ „์‹  ์•„ํŽธ์ œ์—์„œ ๊ตญ์†Œ ๋Œ€ํ‡ด๊ณจ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์นดํ…Œํ„ฐ ์ฐจ๋‹จ์ œ๋กœ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜, ๋งˆ์ทจ๊ณผ ์ „๋ฌธ์˜์˜ ์ด์ „ ํ‰๊ฐ€, ์˜์–‘, ์ฒด์•ก ๋ฐ ์‚ฐ์†Œ ์š”๋ฒ•, ์š”๋กœ ์œ ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n6)\n์ค‘์žฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ hospital ๋‚ด ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ฅ ์ด 33%์—์„œ 20%๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(odds ๋น„์œจ=0.61, 95% ์‹ ๋ขฐ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„=0.4-0.9, P=.002). ํ˜ผ๋ž€(P=.02), ํ๋ ด(P=.03), ์š”๋กœ ๊ฐ์—ผ(P<.001)์˜ ๋น„์œจ์€ ์ค‘์žฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด ๋Œ€์กฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฒด๋ฅ˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด 15.8์ผ๋กœ ์ค‘์žฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด 9.7์ผ(P<.001)์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 12๊ฐœ์›” ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด 23%, ์ค‘์žฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด 12%์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(P=.02). ์ „์ฒด 12๊ฐœ์›” ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด 29%, ์ค‘์žฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด 23%์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(P=.2).", "role": "passage" } ]
The optimized hip fracture program reduced the rate of in-hospital postoperative complications and mortality. Randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm these results and elucidate the elements of the program that have the greatest effect on clinical outcomes and mortality.
์ตœ์ ํ™”๋œ ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ๊ณจ์ ˆ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ ๋ณ‘์› ๋‚ด ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ท„์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž„์ƒ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„ ์ž„์ƒ์‹œํ—˜์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,078,785
Are parotid gland injections of botulinum toxin a effective in treating sialorrhea in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?
{ "contexts": [ ": The objective of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin A in ameliorating refractory sialorrhea and improving quality of life in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.", ": Six patients with bulbar ALS received bilateral parotid gland injections of botulinum toxin A.", ": No adverse effects occurred. Tissue use decreased in 5 of 7 patients at a dose of 10 units and in 3 of 4 patients at a dose of 20 units. Self-reported quality of life did not change in most." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [] }
: Parotid gland injections of botulinum toxin appear safe and may be helpful in some patients with ALS for the treatment of sialorrhea.
yes
pub_med_qa40177
[ { "content": "๋ณดํˆด๋ฆฌ๋ˆ” ๋…์†Œ์˜ ๋ถ€๊ฐ‘์ƒ์„  ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทผ์œ„์ถ•์„ฑ ์ธก์‚ญ ๊ฒฝํ™”์ฆ์˜ ์‹œ์•Œ๋กœ๋ฅด๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n: ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๊ทผ์œ„์ถ•์„ฑ ์ธก์‚ญ ๊ฒฝํ™”์ฆ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๋‚œ์น˜์„ฑ ์‹œ์•Œ๋กœ๋ฅด ๊ฐœ์„ ๊ณผ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋ณดํˆด๋ฆฌ๋ˆ” ๋…์†Œ A์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ๊ณผ ํšจ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n: ๋ถˆ๋ฐ”์„ฑ ๋ฃจ๊ฒŒ๋ฆญ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž 6๋ช…์€ ์–‘์ธก ๋ถ€๊ฐ‘์ƒ์„  ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ณดํˆด๋ฆฌ๋ˆ” ๋…์†Œ A๋ฅผ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n: ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 10๋‹จ์œ„ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํ™˜์ž 7๋ช… ์ค‘ 5๋ช…๊ณผ 20๋‹จ์œ„ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํ™˜์ž 4๋ช… ์ค‘ 3๋ช…์—์„œ ์กฐ์ง ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
: Parotid gland injections of botulinum toxin appear safe and may be helpful in some patients with ALS for the treatment of sialorrhea.
: ๋ณดํˆด๋ฆฌ๋ˆ” ๋…์†Œ์˜ ํ•˜๋ฐ˜์‹  ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์•ˆ์ „ํ•ด ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ฃจ๊ฒŒ๋ฆญ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์‹œ์•Œ๋กœ๋ฅด์•„ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,074,179
Is high cardiorespiratory fitness an independent predictor of the reduction in liver fat during a lifestyle intervention in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?
{ "contexts": [ "Lifestyle intervention with diet modification and increase in physical activity is effective for reducing hepatic steatosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, for a similar weight loss, there is a large variability in the change in liver fat. We hypothesised that cardiorespiratory fitness may predict the response to the intervention.", "Longitudinal study with increase in physical activity and diet modification.", "University teaching hospital.", "50 adults with NAFLD and 120 controls at risk for metabolic diseases.", "Total-, subcutaneous abdominal- and visceral adipose tissue by magnetic resonance tomography, liver fat by 1HMR spectroscopy and cardiorespiratory fitness (VO(2,max)) by a maximal cycle exercise test at baseline and after 9 months of follow-up.", "In all subjects total-, subcutaneous abdominal- and visceral adipose tissue decreased and fitness increased (all p<0.0001) during the intervention. The most pronounced changes were found for liver fat (-31%, p<0.0001). Among the parameters predicting the change in liver fat, fitness at baseline emerged as the strongest factor, independently of total- and visceral adipose tissue as well as exercise intensity (p = 0.005). In the group of subjects with NAFLD at baseline, a resolution of NAFLD was found in 20 individuals. For 1 standard deviation increase in VO(2,max) at baseline the odds ratio for resolution of NAFLD was 2.79 (95% confidence interval, 1.43-6.33)." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Body Composition", "Case-Control Studies", "Combined Modality Therapy", "Diet, Reducing", "Exercise Test", "Exercise Therapy", "Fatty Liver", "Female", "Follow-Up Studies", "Glucose Tolerance Test", "Humans", "Intra-Abdominal Fat", "Life Style", "Linear Models", "Logistic Models", "Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Physical Fitness", "Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal", "Treatment Outcome", "Whole Body Imaging" ] }
Cardiorespiratory fitness, independently of total adiposity, body fat distribution and exercise intensity, determines liver fat content in humans, suggesting that fitness and liver fat are causally related to each other. Moreover, measurement of fitness at baseline predicts the effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention in reducing hepatic steatosis in patients with NAFLD.
yes
pub_med_qa40178
[ { "content": "๋น„์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ์„ฑ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ฐ„ ์งˆํ™˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒํ™œ ์Šต๊ด€ ๊ฐœ์ž… ์ค‘ ๋†’์€ ์‹ฌํ ์ฒด๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ„ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ๊ฐ์†Œ์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ์ธก ์ธ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์‹๋‹จ ์ˆ˜์ •๊ณผ ์‹ ์ฒด ํ™œ๋™ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ƒํ™œ์Šต๊ด€ ๊ฐœ์ž…์€ ๋น„์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ์„ฑ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ฐ„ ์งˆํ™˜(NAFLD) ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๊ฐ„ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ฆ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ฒด์ค‘ ๊ฐ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ„ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ํฐ ๋ณ€๋™์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ฌํ ์ฒด๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐœ์ž…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ์„ธ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์‹ ์ฒด ํ™œ๋™ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ์‹๋‹จ ์ˆ˜์ •์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ข…๋‹จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ.\n\n3)\n๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์œก ๋ณ‘์›.\n\n4)\n๋น„์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ์„ฑ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ฐ„ ์งˆํ™˜(NAFLD)์„ ์•“๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ฑ์ธ 50๋ช…๊ณผ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ์งˆํ™˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ 120๋ช….\n\n5)\n์ž๊ธฐ๊ณต๋ช… ๋‹จ์ธต์ดฌ์˜์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ „์ฒด, ํ”ผํ•˜ ๋ณต๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ๋‚ด์žฅ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์กฐ์ง, 1HMR ๋ถ„๊ด‘๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ฐ„ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ๋ฐ ์‹ฌ์žฅ ํ˜ธํก ์ ํ•ฉ๋„(VO(2,max))๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ๋ฐ 9๊ฐœ์›” ์ถ”์  ๊ด€์ฐฐ ์‹œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์šด๋™ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n6)\n๋ชจ๋“  ํ”ผํ—˜์ž์—์„œ ์ค‘์žฌ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ด, ํ”ผํ•˜ ๋ฐ ๋‚ด์žฅ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์กฐ์ง์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฒด๋ ฅ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(๋ชจ๋‘ p<0.0001). ๊ฐ„ ์ง€๋ฐฉ(-31%, p<0.0001). ๊ฐ„ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์šด๋™ ๊ฐ•๋„(p = 0.005)์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์กฐ์ง์—์„œ์˜ ์ฒด๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ฐ„ ๋น„์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ์„ฑ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ฐ„ ์งˆํ™˜(NAFLD)์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํ”ผํ—˜์ž ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ๋Š” 20๋ช…์—์„œ ๋น„์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ์„ฑ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ฐ„ ์งˆํ™˜(NAFLD)์ด ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ฐ„ VO(2,max)์ด 1 ํ‘œ์ค€ ํŽธ์ฐจ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋น„์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ์„ฑ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ฐ„ ์งˆํ™˜(NAFLD) ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์˜ ์˜ค์ฆˆ๋น„๋Š” 2.79์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(95% ์‹ ๋ขฐ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„, 1.43-6.33).", "role": "passage" } ]
Cardiorespiratory fitness, independently of total adiposity, body fat distribution and exercise intensity, determines liver fat content in humans, suggesting that fitness and liver fat are causally related to each other. Moreover, measurement of fitness at baseline predicts the effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention in reducing hepatic steatosis in patients with NAFLD.
์‹ฌํ ์ฒด๋ ฅ์€ ์ด ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋„, ์ฒด์ง€๋ฐฉ ๋ถ„ํฌ ๋ฐ ์šด๋™ ๊ฐ•๋„์™€ ๋ฌด๊ด€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐ„ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ฒด๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐ„ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ด ์ธ๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์ฒด๋ ฅ ์ธก์ •์€ NAFLD ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๊ฐ„ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ฆ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ์ƒํ™œ ์Šต๊ด€ ๊ฐœ์ž…์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,056,019
Are levels of oxidized low-density lipoproteins increased in patients with severe sepsis?
{ "contexts": [ "It was hypothesized that the inflammatory response of patients with severe sepsis may result in changes of plasma levels of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDLs) and that drotrecogin alpha (activated) (DAA) (Xigris, Eli Lilly and Company [Indiana 46285, USA]) may influence ox-LDL levels.", "The ox-LDL levels were measured in severe septic patients on day 1, 4, and 7 of severe sepsis. Patients were treated either with or without DAA.", "The ox-LDL levels increased significantly (P < .05) from day 1 to day 7 (day 1, mean +/- SEM, 25.4 +/- 1.8 U/L; day 4, mean +/- SEM, 34.3 +/- 2.1 U/L; day 7, mean +/- SEM, 38.3 +/- 2.1 U/L) in all patients (n = 68). The ox-LDL levels increased significantly from day 1 to day 7 both in patients treated with (n = 31) and without DAA (n = 37) (P < .001) (DAA-group: day 1, mean +/- SEM, 24.4 +/- 2.8 U/L; day 4, mean +/- SEM, 35.5 +/- 2.9 U/L; day 7, mean +/- SEM, 40.7 +/- 3.2 U/L) (control group: day 1, mean +/- SEM, 26.3 +/- 2.8 U/L; day 4, mean +/- SEM, 33.2 +/- 2.9 U/L; day 7, mean +/- SEM, 36.4 +/- 2.9 U/L). No significant differences of ox-LDL levels were observed between both groups at any point of time (P > .05)." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Anti-Infective Agents", "Female", "Humans", "Lipoproteins, LDL", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Protein C", "Recombinant Proteins", "Sepsis" ] }
The ox-LDL concentrations increase significantly during the first week of severe sepsis and are not affected by administration of drotrecogin alpha (activated) (Xigris).
yes
pub_med_qa40179
[ { "content": "์ค‘์ฆ ํŒจํ˜ˆ์ฆ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์‚ฐํ™”๋œ ์ €๋ฐ€๋„ ์ง€๋‹จ๋ฐฑ ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ค‘์ฆ ํŒจํ˜ˆ์ฆ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์‚ฐํ™”๋œ ์ €๋ฐ€๋„ ์ง€๋‹จ๋ฐฑ ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "passage" } ]
The ox-LDL concentrations increase significantly during the first week of severe sepsis and are not affected by administration of drotrecogin alpha (activated) (Xigris).
์ค‘์ฆ ํŒจํ˜ˆ์ฆ ์ฒซ ์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ox-LDL ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋“œ๋กœํŠธ๋ ˆ์ฝ”๊ธด ์•ŒํŒŒ(ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”)(Xigris) ํˆฌ์—ฌ์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,056,010
Are sepsis and organ system failure major determinants of post-intensive care unit mortality?
{ "contexts": [ "The aim of the study was to investigate predictors of post-intensive care unit (ICU) in-hospital mortality with special emphasis on the impact of sepsis and organ system failure.", "This study is a subanalysis of the database from the observational Sepsis Occurrence in Acutely Ill Patients study conducted in 198 ICUs in 24 European countries between May 1 and May 15, 2002. Potential predictors of post-ICU mortality were considered at 3 levels: admission status, procedures and therapy during the ICU stay, and status at ICU discharge.", "Of the 3147 patients included in the Sepsis Occurrence in Acutely Ill Patients study, 1729 (54.9%) were discharged to the general floor (study group) and 125 of these died (overall post-ICU hospital mortality rate, 4%); 26 (20.8%) died already the first day on the floor. Nonsurvivors were older, had higher incidence of hematologic cancer and cirrhosis, and greater Simplified Acute Physiology Score II and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score on ICU admission; they were also more likely to have been admitted for medical reasons than survivors. In a multivariate forward stepwise logistic regression analysis, age, hematologic cancer, cirrhosis, simplified acute physiology score II on admission, medical admission, sepsis at any time during ICU stay, and organ dysfunction at ICU discharge were all independently associated with a greater risk of post-ICU death." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "APACHE", "Age Factors", "Aged", "Critical Illness", "Female", "Hospital Mortality", "Humans", "Intensive Care Units", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Multiple Organ Failure", "Sepsis", "Time Factors" ] }
This large international study identified not only age, medical admission, and preexisting comorbidities on ICU admission but also sepsis and organ system failure as important independent risk factors for in-hospital post-ICU death.
yes
pub_med_qa40180
[ { "content": "ํŒจํ˜ˆ์ฆ๊ณผ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ด ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค ํ›„ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฒฐ์ • ์š”์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ํŒจํ˜ˆ์ฆ๊ณผ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์žฅ์• ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ๋ณ‘์› ๋‚ด ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค(ICU) ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ  ์˜ˆ์ธก ์ธ์ž๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 2002๋…„ 5์›” 1์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 5์›” 15์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ 24๊ฐœ๊ตญ 198๊ฐœ ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ์งˆํ™˜ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ํŒจํ˜ˆ์ฆ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ด€์ฐฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค์˜ ํ•˜์œ„ ๋ถ„์„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค ์ž…์› ์ƒํƒœ, ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค ์ž…์› ์ค‘ ์ ˆ์ฐจ ๋ฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ, ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค ํ‡ด์› ์ƒํƒœ ๋“ฑ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค ํ›„ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์˜ ์ž ์žฌ์  ์˜ˆ์ธก ์ธ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n๊ธ‰์„ฑ ์งˆํ™˜ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ํŒจํ˜ˆ์ฆ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ 3147๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž ์ค‘ 1729๋ช…(54.9%)์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ธต(์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃน)์œผ๋กœ ํ‡ด์›ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ์ค‘ 125๋ช…(์ „์ฒด ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค ์ž…์› ํ›„ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ , 4%)์ด ์‚ฌ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 26๋ช…(20.8%)์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ธต์—์„œ ์ฒซ๋‚  ์‚ฌ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์กดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๊ณ , ํ˜ˆ์•ก์•” ๋ฐ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฝ๋ณ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค ์ž…์› ์‹œ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ™” ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ์ƒ๋ฆฌํ•™ ์ ์ˆ˜ II ๋ฐ ์ˆœ์ฐจ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ๋ถ€์ „ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋˜ํ•œ ์ƒ์กด์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ์˜ํ•™์  ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ž…์›ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋” ๋†’์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰ ์ „๋ฐฉ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€ ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ ์—ฐ๋ น, ํ˜ˆ์•ก์•”, ๊ฐ„๊ฒฝ๋ณ€, ์ž…์› ์‹œ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ™” ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ์ƒ๋ฆฌํ•™ ์ ์ˆ˜ II, ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค ์ž…์› ์ค‘ ์–ธ์ œ๋“ ์ง€ ํŒจํ˜ˆ์ฆ, ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค ํ‡ด์› ์‹œ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์žฅ์• ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค ํ›„ ์‚ฌ๋ง ์œ„ํ—˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
This large international study identified not only age, medical admission, and preexisting comorbidities on ICU admission but also sepsis and organ system failure as important independent risk factors for in-hospital post-ICU death.
์ด ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ตญ์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค ์ž…์› ์‹œ ๋‚˜์ด, ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ž…์›, ๊ธฐ์กด ๋™๋ฐ˜ ์งˆํ™˜๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํŒจํ˜ˆ์ฆ ๋ฐ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋ถ€์ „์ด ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค ์ž…์› ํ›„ ์‚ฌ๋ง์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋…๋ฆฝ์  ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์†Œ์ž„์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,056,387
Do invariant natural killer T cells suppress the neutrophil inflammatory response in a mouse model of cholestatic liver damage?
{ "contexts": [ "NK1.1(+) TCRalphabeta(int) CD1-restricted T (NKT) cells are a unique subset of T lymphocytes that are believed to have an immunoregulatory role in a wide range of diseases. Most mouse NKT cells express a T-cell receptor that contains an invariant Valpha14Jalpha18 chain and recognizes antigenic glycolipids presented in association with major histocompatibility complex class Ib (CD1d) molecules. These invariant NKT (iNKT) cells have been implicated in cholestatic liver injury.", "We examined the role of iNKT cells in liver injury associated with biliary obstruction in mice with ligations of the common bile duct.", "The number of activated iNKT cells increased markedly in the livers of mice following bile duct ligation. Plasma alanine aminotransferase levels, an indicator of liver injury, were significantly higher in iNKT cell-deficient (Jalpha18(-/-)) mice compared with wild-type mice following bile duct ligation. Photo image analysis of histologic sections confirmed that more damage was present in the livers of Jalpha18(-/-) mice; liver damage correlated with increases in keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC) and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) production as well as neutrophil sequestration. Liver injury was significantly reduced in Jalpha18(-/-) mice treated with anti-KC and anti-MIP-2 or rendered neutrophil deficient before bile duct ligation. Similarly, Jalpha18(-/-) mice that were injected with iNKT cells before bile duct ligation exhibited significant decreases in neutrophil accumulation and liver damage." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adoptive Transfer", "Animals", "Chemokines", "Cholestasis, Extrahepatic", "Common Bile Duct", "Disease Models, Animal", "Female", "Hepatitis", "Immune Tolerance", "Ligation", "Mice", "Mice, Inbred C57BL", "Mice, Mutant Strains", "Natural Killer T-Cells", "Neutrophils", "Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms" ] }
These data document the role of iNKT cells in suppressing the neutrophil proinflammatory response and neutrophil-dependent cholestatic liver damage.
yes
pub_med_qa40181
[ { "content": "๋ถˆ๋ณ€์˜ ์ž์—ฐ ์‚ดํ•ด T ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค ๊ฐ„ ์†์ƒ์˜ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ํ˜ธ์ค‘๊ตฌ ์—ผ์ฆ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์–ต์ œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "๋ถˆ๋ณ€์˜ ์ž์—ฐ ์‚ดํ•ด T ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค ๊ฐ„ ์†์ƒ์˜ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ํ˜ธ์ค‘๊ตฌ ์—ผ์ฆ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์–ต์ œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "passage" } ]
These data document the role of iNKT cells in suppressing the neutrophil proinflammatory response and neutrophil-dependent cholestatic liver damage.
์ด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ํ˜ธ์ค‘๊ตฌ ์—ผ์ฆ ๋ฐ˜์‘๊ณผ ํ˜ธ์ค‘๊ตฌ ์˜์กด์„ฑ ๋‹ด์ฆ™ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ๊ฐ„ ์†์ƒ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด iNKT ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋ฌธ์„œํ™”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,076,153
Is a common NOS1AP genetic polymorphism associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in users of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers?
{ "contexts": [ "Recently, a polymorphism in the NOS1AP gene (rs10494366), a regulator of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), was associated with QTc prolongation. Both nNOS and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) regulate intracellular calcium levels and have an important role in cardiovascular homeostasis. The aim was to investigate whether this polymorphism is associated with cardiovascular mortality in users of CCBs.", "The data from the Rotterdam study, a population-based closed cohort study of Caucasian individuals of > or =55 years of age, were used. We identified 1113 participants in the Rotterdam Study who were prescribed CCBs for the first time between 1991 and 2005. All-cause and cardiovascular mortality was assessed in participants who were prescribed CCBs with different NOS1AP rs10494366 genotypes using Cox proportional hazard models.", "In participants starting on dihydropyridine CCBs (amlodipine, nifedipine and others) all-cause mortality (n = 79) risks were higher in participants with the TG [hazard ratio (HR) 2.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24, 5.34] or the GG genotype (HR 3.18, 95% CI 1.18, 8.58) than in participants with the referent TT genotype. Cardiovascular mortality (n = 54) risks were 3.51 (95% CI 1.41, 8.78) for the TG genotype and 6.00 (95% CI 1.80, 20.0) for the GG genotype. No differences in all-cause mortality or cardiovascular mortality were seen in participants starting with the nondihydropyridine CCBs verapamil or diltiazem." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing", "Aged", "Calcium Channel Blockers", "Cardiovascular Diseases", "Cohort Studies", "Dihydropyridines", "Female", "Genotype", "Humans", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide", "Proportional Hazards Models" ] }
The minor G allele of rs10494366 in the NOS1AP gene is associated with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in Caucasian users of dihydropyridine CCBs. The mechanism underlying the observed association is unknown.
yes
pub_med_qa40182
[ { "content": "๋””ํžˆ๋“œ๋กœํ”ผ๋ฆฌ๋”˜ ์นผ์Š˜ ์ฑ„๋„ ์ฐจ๋‹จ์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ  ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ NOS1AP ์œ ์ „์  ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ตœ๊ทผ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์งˆ ์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํšจ์†Œ(nNOS)์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆ์ž์ธ NOS1AP ์œ ์ „์ž(rs10494366)์˜ ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ์ด QTc ์—ฐ์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. nNOS์™€ ์นผ์Š˜ ์ฑ„๋„ ์ฐจ๋‹จ์ œ(CCB)๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์„ธํฌ ๋‚ด ์นผ์Š˜ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ํ•ญ์ƒ์„ฑ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ์ด CCB ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ชฉํ‘œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n๋กœํ…Œ๋ฅด๋‹ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” 55์„ธ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋ฐฑ์ธ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ธ๊ตฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ์‡„ ์ฝ”ํ˜ธํŠธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 1991๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2005๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ CCB๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ๋ฐ›์€ 1113๋ช…์˜ ๋กœํ…Œ๋ฅด๋‹ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Cox ๋น„๋ก€ ์œ„ํ—˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ NOS1AP rs10494366 ์œ ์ „์žํ˜•์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ CCB๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ๋ฐ›์€ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์›์ธ๊ณผ ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n๋””ํžˆ๋“œ๋กœํ”ผ๋ฆฌ๋”˜ CCBs(์•”๋กœ๋””ํ•€, ๋‹ˆํŽ˜๋””ํ•€ ๋“ฑ)๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์›์ธ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ (n = 79) ์œ„ํ—˜์€ TG [hazard ๋น„์œจ(HR) 2.57, 95% ์‹ ๋ขฐ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„(CI) 1.24, 5.34] ๋˜๋Š” GG ์œ ์ „์žํ˜•(HR 3.18, 95% CI 1.18, 8.58)์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์ด ์ฐธ์กฐ TT ์œ ์ „์žํ˜•์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋†’์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ (n = 54) ์œ„ํ—˜์€ TG ์œ ์ „์žํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 3.51(95% CI 1.41, 8.78), GG ์œ ์ „์žํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 6.00(95% CI 1.80, 20.0)์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„ํžˆ๋“œ๋กœํ”ผ๋ฆฌ๋”˜ CCBs ๋ฒ ๋ผํŒŒ๋ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋”œํ‹ฐ์•„์ ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์›์ธ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์ด๋‚˜ ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
The minor G allele of rs10494366 in the NOS1AP gene is associated with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in Caucasian users of dihydropyridine CCBs. The mechanism underlying the observed association is unknown.
NOS1AP ์œ ์ „์ž์—์„œ rs10494366์˜ ์ž‘์€ G ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ ์œ ์ „์ž๋Š” ๋ฐฑ์ธ ๋””ํžˆ๋“œ๋กœํ”ผ๋ฆฌ๋”˜ CCB ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์›์ธ๊ณผ ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ  ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,059,606
Does nFAT4 deficiency result in incomplete liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy?
{ "contexts": [ "Liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy requires the orchestration of highly regulated molecular pathways; a change in the abundance or activity of a specific gene product has the potential to adversely affect this process. The nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) transcription factors represent a family of gene transcription signaling intermediates that translate receptor-dependent signaling events into specific transcriptional responses using the Ras/Raf pathway.", "Eight-week old NFAT4 knockout (KO) mice and their wild type counterparts (Balb-c) underwent two-thirds partial hepatectomy. The animals were sacrificed and their livers were harvested at specific time points during regeneration. Recovery of liver mass was measured for each time point. PCR analysis was used to analyze expression levels of the immediate early genes c-fos, c-jun and c-myc as well as downstream effectors of NFAT4 including FGF-18 and BMP-4.", "Hepatocyte proliferation and thus liver regeneration following hepatectomy was suppressed in NFAT4 knockout (KO) mice. Statistical significance was reached at 1 h, 7 d, and 10 d (P < 0.05) with a 22% median reduction in regeneration of liver mass in the NFAT4 KO mice by 10 d, at which time liver regeneration should be complete in mice. The immediate early gene c-fos was elevated in NFAT4 KO mice during early regeneration with a median value at 1 h and 1 d of 1.60E-08 and 1.09E-08 versus 6.10E-09 and 1.55E-09 in the Balb-c mice. C-jun, in contrast, was elevated during late regeneration in the NFAT4 KO mice (3.40E-09 and 5.67E-09 at 7 and 10 d, respectively) in comparison with the Balb-c mice (7.76E-10 and 1.24E-09, respectively.). NFAT2 was also up-regulated in the NFAT4 KO mice; however, no changes were detected in its downstream effectors, CCR1 and CCL3." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Animals", "Apoptosis", "Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4", "Cell Division", "Fibroblast Growth Factors", "Hepatectomy", "JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases", "Liver", "Liver Regeneration", "Male", "Mice", "Mice, Inbred BALB C", "Mice, Knockout", "NFATC Transcription Factors", "Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen", "Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos", "Signal Transduction", "Up-Regulation" ] }
We demonstrated that NFAT4 deficiency impairs hepatic regeneration in a murine model proving that NFAT4 plays an important yet unclear role in liver regeneration; its absence may be compensated by c-fos, c-jun, and NFAT2 expression changes.
yes
pub_med_qa40183
[ { "content": "๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ฐ„ ์ ˆ์ œ์ˆ  ํ›„ nFAT4 ๊ฒฐํ•์ด ๋ถˆ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๊ฐ„ ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ฐ„ ์ ˆ์ œ์ˆ  ํ›„ nFAT4 ๊ฒฐํ•์ด ๋ถˆ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๊ฐ„ ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "passage" } ]
We demonstrated that NFAT4 deficiency impairs hepatic regeneration in a murine model proving that NFAT4 plays an important yet unclear role in liver regeneration; its absence may be compensated by c-fos, c-jun, and NFAT2 expression changes.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฅ ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ NFAT4 ๊ฒฐํ•์ด ๊ฐ„ ์žฌ์ƒ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž…์ฆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. NFAT4์˜ ๋ถ€์žฌ๋Š” c-fos, c-jun ๋ฐ NFAT2 ๋ฐœํ˜„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ณด์ƒ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,059,609
Does pretreatment with fentanyl and propofol attenuate myocardial injury in rabbits with acute hemorrhagic shock?
{ "contexts": [ "Many studies have shown that preconditioning with anesthetics can be used to simulate the myocardial protective effects of ischemic preconditioning. But it is still not certain whether they can protect the myocardium in hemorrhagic shock. This study was designed to examine the myocardial protective effects of propofol and fentanyl in acute hemorrhagic shock.", "Thirty-six white rabbits were randomly divided into a control group (group C), propofol preconditioning group (group P), and fentanyl preconditioning group (group F). The animal model of acute hemorrhagic shock was established according to Wigger's method. The same volumes of saline, propofol (5 mg/kg), or fentanyl (25 microg/kg) were administered 15 min before bleeding. Left ventricular function parameters were monitored continuously during 90 min of hemorrhagic shock. Serum cardiac troponin I (cTn-I) was detected by chemiluminescence before bleeding and 60 and 90 min after bleeding. Myocardial samples were taken for morphological studies.", "Compared with group C, the hemodynamic indexes in group F and group P were higher at each time point of shock (P < 0.05). The cTn-I values in group P and group F were lower than in group C (P < 0.05). Electron microscopic examination of the myocardium indicated that the alterations of myocardial structure and mitochondria were less pronounced in both group F and group P." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Anesthetics, Intravenous", "Animals", "Female", "Fentanyl", "Hemodynamics", "Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial", "Male", "Myocardial Ischemia", "Myocardium", "Propofol", "Rabbits", "Shock, Hemorrhagic", "Troponin I" ] }
Propofol and fentanyl preconditioning can protect the heart against acute ischemia and promote the recovery of hemodynamics during hemorrhagic shock.
yes
pub_med_qa40184
[ { "content": "ํŽœํƒ€๋‹๊ณผ ํ”„๋กœํฌํด์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ์ถœํ˜ˆ์„ฑ ์‡ผํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ† ๋ผ์˜ ์‹ฌ๊ทผ ์†์ƒ์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋งˆ์ทจ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ—ˆํ˜ˆ์„ฑ ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹ฌ๊ทผ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋“ค์ด ์ถœํ˜ˆ์„ฑ ์‡ผํฌ์—์„œ ์‹ฌ๊ทผ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋Š” ์•„์ง ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ์ถœํ˜ˆ์„ฑ ์‡ผํฌ์—์„œ ํ”„๋กœํฌํด๊ณผ ํŽœํƒ€๋‹์˜ ์‹ฌ๊ทผ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n36๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํฐ ํ† ๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„๋กœ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ(๊ทธ๋ฃน C), ํ”„๋กœํฌํด ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃน(๊ทธ๋ฃน P), ํŽœํƒ€๋‹ ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃน(๊ทธ๋ฃน F)์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ์ถœํ˜ˆ์„ฑ ์‡ผํฌ์˜ ๋™๋ฌผ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์œ„๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„ค์ •๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ถœํ˜ˆ 15๋ถ„ ์ „์— ๋™์ผํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ์‹์—ผ์ˆ˜, ํ”„๋กœํฌํด(5mg/kg) ๋˜๋Š” ํŽœํƒ€๋‹(25๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ/kg)์„ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ถœํ˜ˆ์„ฑ ์‡ผํฌ 90๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ขŒ์‹ฌ์‹ค ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ถœํ˜ˆ ์ „๊ณผ ์ถœํ˜ˆ ํ›„ 60๋ถ„ ๋ฐ 90๋ถ„์— ํ™”ํ•™๋ฐœ๊ด‘์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ ์‹ฌ์žฅ ํŠธ๋กœํฌ๋‹Œ I(cTn-I)์ด ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜•ํƒœํ•™์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ฌ๊ทผ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ์ฑ„์ทจํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n๊ทธ๋ฃน C์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋ฃน F์™€ ๊ทธ๋ฃน P์˜ ํ˜ˆ์—ญํ•™ ์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ฐ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ๋” ๋†’์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(P < 0.05). ๊ทธ๋ฃน P์™€ ๊ทธ๋ฃน F์˜ cTn-I ๊ฐ’์€ ๊ทธ๋ฃน C๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(P < 0.05). ์‹ฌ๊ทผ์˜ ์ „์ž ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ฃน F์™€ ๊ทธ๋ฃน P ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์‹ฌ๊ทผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๋ฏธํ† ์ฝ˜๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Propofol and fentanyl preconditioning can protect the heart against acute ischemia and promote the recovery of hemodynamics during hemorrhagic shock.
ํ”„๋กœํฌํด๊ณผ ํŽœํƒ€๋‹ ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ํ—ˆํ˜ˆ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹ฌ์žฅ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ถœํ˜ˆ์„ฑ ์‡ผํฌ ๋™์•ˆ ํ˜ˆ์—ญํ•™ ํšŒ๋ณต์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,071,032
Is removal of O-linked and N-linked oligosaccharides required for optimum detection of NITEGE neoepitope on ADAMTS4-digested fetal aggrecans : implications for specific N-linked glycan-dependent aggrecanolysis at Glu373-Ala374?
{ "contexts": [ "We have observed that Western blot analysis with an anti-G1 antibody detects G1-NITEGE product in a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motifs-4 (ADAMTS4)-digested fetal and mature human and bovine aggrecan, but the neoepitope-specific anti-NITEGE antibody only detects this product in digests of mature aggrecan. Our objective was to determine whether enzymatic removal of O- and/or N-linked oligosaccharides from the fetal products would enable detection of the NITEGE neoepitope with anti-NITEGE antibody.", "Aggrecan was purified from fetal and mature human and bovine cartilage and digested with: (1) ADAMTS4, (2) ADAMTS4, sialidase II, and N-glycanase, (3) ADAMTS4, sialidase II, and O-glycanase, or (4) ADAMTS4, sialidase II, and both N- and O-glycanases. Western blot analysis was performed using anti-G1 and anti-NITEGE antibodies.", "When fetal G1-NITEGE products were treated with a combination of ADAMTS4, sialidase II, O-glycanase and N-glycanase, the resultant products migrated faster on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and the NITEGE neoepitope was rendered detectable." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "ADAM Proteins", "ADAMTS4 Protein", "Aged", "Aggrecans", "Animals", "Blotting, Western", "Cartilage, Articular", "Cattle", "Endopeptidases", "Extracellular Matrix Proteins", "Fetus", "Humans", "Oligosaccharides", "Procollagen N-Endopeptidase", "Proteoglycans" ] }
It appears that the NITEGE neoepitope is blocked on Western blots by oligosaccharide structures present on Asn368 and Thr370 of fetal human and bovine aggrecans. Such masking structures do not appear to be present on mature aggrecans from these species. We suggest that when anti-NITEGE antibody is used in Western analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), and immunohistochemistry (IHC), removal of oligosaccharides with appropriate glycosidases may unmask reactivity that would otherwise go undetected. The implications of these findings for the much-studied effect of Asn368-linked keratan sulfate (KS)-based structures on ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5 activity are discussed.
yes
pub_med_qa40185
[ { "content": "ADAMTS4๋กœ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋œ ํƒœ์•„ ์•„๊ทธ๋ ˆ์นธ์—์„œ NITEGE ๋„ค์˜ค์—ํ”ผํ† ํ”„๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด O-์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋‹น๊ณผ N-์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋‹น์˜ ์ œ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ด๋Š” Glu373-Ala374์—์„œ ํŠน์ • N-์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์นธ ์˜์กด์„ฑ ์•„๊ทธ๋ ˆ์นด๋…ธ๋ถ„ํ•ด์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ญ-G1 ํ•ญ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์›จ์Šคํ„ด ๋ธ”๋กฏ ๋ถ„์„์ด ํŠธ๋กฌ๋ณด์Šคํฐ๋”˜ ๋ชจํ‹ฐํ”„-4(ADAMTS4)๋กœ ์†Œํ™”๋œ ํƒœ์•„ ๋ฐ ์„ฑ์ˆ™ํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ์†Œ ์•„๊ทธ๋ ˆ์นธ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋ถ•์†Œ ๋ฐ ๊ธˆ์† ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„ํ•ดํšจ์†Œ์—์„œ G1-NITEGE ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๊ฒ€์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋„ค์˜ค์—ํ”ผํ† ํ”„ ํŠน์ด์  ํ•ญ-NITEGE ํ•ญ์ฒด๋Š” ์„ฑ์ˆ™ํ•œ ์•„๊ทธ๋ ˆ์นธ์˜ ์†Œํ™”๋ฌผ์—์„œ๋งŒ ์ด ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๊ฒ€์ถœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ํƒœ์•„ ์ œํ’ˆ์—์„œ O- ๋ฐ/๋˜๋Š” N-์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋‹น์„ ํšจ์†Œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆํ‹ฐ-NITEGE ํ•ญ์ฒด๋กœ NITEGE ๋„ค์˜ค์—ํ”ผํ† ํ”„๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์•„๊ทธ๋ ˆ์นธ์€ ํƒœ์•„์™€ ์„ฑ์ˆ™ํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ์†Œ ์—ฐ๊ณจ์—์„œ ์ •์ œ๋˜์–ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์†Œํ™”๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: (1) ADAMTS4, (2) ADAMTS4, ์‹œ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค์ œ II ๋ฐ N-๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์นด๋‚˜์ œ, (3) ADAMTS4, ์‹œ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค์ œ II ๋ฐ O-๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์นด๋‚˜์ œ, ๋˜๋Š” (4) ADAMTS4, ์‹œ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค์ œ II ๋ฐ N- ๋ฐ O-๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์นด๋‚˜์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์›จ์Šคํ„ด ๋ธ”๋กฏ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\nํƒœ์•„ G1-NITEGE ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ADAMTS4, ์‹œ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค์ œ II, O-๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์นด๋‚˜์ œ ๋ฐ N-๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์นด๋‚˜์ œ์˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ์ œํ’ˆ๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ ๋„๋ฐ์‹ค ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ์—ผ ํด๋ฆฌ์•„ํฌ๋ฆด์•„๋ฏธ๋“œ ๊ฒ” ์ „๊ธฐ์˜๋™(SDS-PAGE)์—์„œ ๋” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ NITEGE ๋„ค์˜ค์—ํ”ผํ† ํ”„๊ฐ€ ๊ฒ€์ถœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
It appears that the NITEGE neoepitope is blocked on Western blots by oligosaccharide structures present on Asn368 and Thr370 of fetal human and bovine aggrecans. Such masking structures do not appear to be present on mature aggrecans from these species. We suggest that when anti-NITEGE antibody is used in Western analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), and immunohistochemistry (IHC), removal of oligosaccharides with appropriate glycosidases may unmask reactivity that would otherwise go undetected. The implications of these findings for the much-studied effect of Asn368-linked keratan sulfate (KS)-based structures on ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5 activity are discussed.
NITEGE ๋„ค์˜ค์—ํ”ผํ† ํ”„๋Š” ํƒœ์•„ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ์†Œ ์•„๊ทธ๋ ˆ์นธ์˜ Asn368 ๋ฐ Thr370์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋‹น ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์›จ์Šคํ„ด ๋ธ”๋กฏ์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋งˆ์Šคํ‚น ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ข…์˜ ์„ฑ์ˆ™ํ•œ ์•„๊ทธ๋ ˆ์นธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ญ-NITEGE ํ•ญ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์›จ์Šคํ„ด ๋ถ„์„, ํšจ์†Œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๋ฉด์—ญ ํก์ฐฉ ๋ถ„์„๋ฒ•(ELISA), ํ˜•๊ด‘ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์„ธํฌ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋ฒ•(FACS) ๋ฐ ๋ฉด์—ญ์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•™(IHC)์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ๋•Œ, ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์ฝ”์‹œ๋‹ค์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋‹น์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์ด ADAMTS4 ๋ฐ ADAMTS5 ํ™œ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ Asn368 ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์ผ€๋ผํƒ„ ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ์—ผ(KS) ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,065,148
Is association of central obesity with early Carotid intima-media thickening independent of that from other risk factors?
{ "contexts": [ "We investigated whether anthropometric measurements or metabolic risk factors correlated more with vascular changes associated with obesity.", "One hundred never smoking subjects (71 women, 29 men) without vascular events, with blood pressure (BP) <140/90 mm Hg, LDL cholesterol <4 mmol/l, glucose <6.2 mmol/l participated. Anthropometric measurements (body mass index (BMI), waist/hip ratio (WHR), waist circumference (WC) and Waist/height ratio WHTR) and metabolic risk factors (glucose, insulin, lipid and uric acid levels plus BP) were assessed. Subjects underwent vascular measurements (Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) using duplex ultrasonography, vascular stiffness assessment (Augmentation Index) by applanation tonometry and brachial artery reactivity tests).", "Risk factors were in the 'normal distribution'. BMI, WHR, WC, WHTR correlated significantly with triglyceride, HDL, LDL, insulin, glucose, uric acid and systolic BP levels (P<0.001). IMT correlated with WHTR, BMI, WC, Glucose (P<0.001), Homoeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) and cholesterol levels (P<0.05). Only Age, WHTR or BMI were significant correlates of IMT in a multivariate analysis (P<0.01) including WHTR or BMI, with age, sex, systolic BP, HDLc and HOMA. Augmentation Index correlated with age (P<0.0001), WHTR and WC (P<0.0005) but with age only in a multivariate analysis. Brachial reactivity did not correlate with any anthropometric or metabolic parameters. Anthropometric cutoff points, (BMI > or =25, WC > or =102 cm men, > or =88 cm women, WHR > or =0.9 men, > or =0.8 women and WHTR > or =0.5 men and women) significantly differentiated normal from abnormal metabolic and vascular measurements. The WHTR ratio > or =0.5 was as reliable as the BMI cutoff > or =25 in determining metabolic and vascular abnormalities. BMI and WHTR were strongly associated with 89% agreement (P<0.0001)." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Blood Glucose", "Body Height", "Body Mass Index", "Brachial Artery", "Carotid Artery, Common", "Female", "Humans", "Insulin", "Intra-Abdominal Fat", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Obesity", "Regression Analysis", "Risk Factors", "Statistics, Nonparametric", "Tunica Intima", "Ultrasonography", "Vasodilation", "Waist Circumference" ] }
These results demonstrated that in 'healthy individuals', anthropometric parameters and metabolic risk factors correlated with each other, but anthropometric parameters were the only significant correlates of carotid IMT. A waist/height ratio > or =0.5 predicts both early vascular and metabolic changes. These data support a risk factor independent vasculotrophic effect of obesity.
yes
pub_med_qa40186
[ { "content": "์ค‘์ถ” ๋น„๋งŒ๊ณผ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฝ๋™๋งฅ ๋‚ด๋ง‰-์ค‘๋ง‰ ๋น„ํ›„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ๋ฌด๊ด€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ค‘์ถ” ๋น„๋งŒ๊ณผ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฝ๋™๋งฅ ๋‚ด๋ง‰-์ค‘๋ง‰ ๋น„ํ›„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ๋ฌด๊ด€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "passage" } ]
These results demonstrated that in 'healthy individuals', anthropometric parameters and metabolic risk factors correlated with each other, but anthropometric parameters were the only significant correlates of carotid IMT. A waist/height ratio > or =0.5 predicts both early vascular and metabolic changes. These data support a risk factor independent vasculotrophic effect of obesity.
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” '๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ'์—์„œ ์ธ์ฒด ์ธก์ • ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์™€ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์ธ์ด ์„œ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ธ์ฒด ์ธก์ • ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋งŒ์ด ๊ฒฝ๋™๋งฅ IMT์˜ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„์ž„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ/์‹ ์žฅ ๋น„์œจ > ๋˜๋Š” = 0.5๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋น„๋งŒ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์ธ์— ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์˜์–‘ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,061,810
Does integration of digital dental cast in 3-dimensional facial photographs?
{ "contexts": [ "Since 1915, various researchers have tried to make a 3-dimensional (3D) model of the complete face, with the dentition in the anatomically correct position. This was a difficult and time-consuming process. With the introduction of 3D digital imaging of the face and dental casts, researchers have regained interest in this topic. The purpose of this technical report is to present a feasibility study of the integration of a digital dental cast into a 3D facial picture.", "For the integration, 3 digital data sets were constructed: a digital dental cast, a digital 3D photograph of the patient with the teeth visible, and a digital 3D photograph of the patient with the teeth in occlusion. By using a special iterated closest point algorithm, these 3 data sets were matched to place them in the correct anatomical position.", "After matching the 3 data sets, we obtained a 3D digital model with the dental cast visible through the transparent picture of the patient's face. When the distance between the matched data sets was calculated, an average distance of 0.35 mm (SD, 0.32 mm) was shown. This means that matching the data sets is acceptable." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Algorithms", "Dental Impression Technique", "Dental Models", "Face", "Feasibility Studies", "Humans", "Image Processing, Computer-Assisted", "Imaging, Three-Dimensional", "Jaw Relation Record", "Photogrammetry", "Photography", "Software", "Tomography, X-Ray Computed" ] }
It seems technically possible to make a data set of a patient's face with the dentition positioned into this 3D picture. Future research needs to establish the value of this 3D fused data set of the face and the dentition in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.
yes
pub_med_qa40187
[ { "content": "๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์น˜๊ณผ์˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์ด 3์ฐจ์› ์–ผ๊ตด ์‚ฌ์ง„์— ๋ฐ˜์˜๋˜๋‚˜์š”?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n1915๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ํ•ด๋ถ€ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์œ„์น˜์— ์น˜์—ด์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์–ผ๊ตด์˜ 3์ฐจ์›(3D) ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์€ ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์†Œ์š”๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ผ๊ตด๊ณผ ์น˜๊ณผ์šฉ ๊น์Šค์˜ 3D ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง•์ด ๋„์ž…๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์น˜๊ณผ์šฉ ๊น์Šค๋ฅผ 3D ์–ผ๊ตด ์‚ฌ์ง„์— ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\nํ†ตํ•ฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๋ดํƒˆ ์บ์ŠคํŠธ, ์น˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ 3D ์‚ฌ์ง„, ์น˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ 3D ์‚ฌ์ง„ ๋“ฑ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์„ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠน์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ์ตœ์ ‘์  ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์„ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋งค์นญํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ํ•ด๋ถ€ํ•™์  ์œ„์น˜์— ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n3๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์„ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋งค์นญํ•œ ํ›„ ํ™˜์ž ์–ผ๊ตด์˜ ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์น˜๊ณผ์šฉ ๊น์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” 3D ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค์นญ๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์„ธํŠธ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ํ‰๊ท  ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 0.35mm(SD, 0.32mm)๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์„ธํŠธ ๋งค์นญ์ด ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
It seems technically possible to make a data set of a patient's face with the dentition positioned into this 3D picture. Future research needs to establish the value of this 3D fused data set of the face and the dentition in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.
์ด 3D ์‚ฌ์ง„์— ์น˜์—ด์„ ์œ„์น˜์‹œํ‚จ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์„ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์น˜์•„ ๊ต์ • ์ง„๋‹จ ๋ฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๊ณ„ํš์—์„œ ์ด ์–ผ๊ตด์˜ 3D ์œตํ•ฉ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์„ธํŠธ์™€ ์น˜์—ด์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,075,196
Do phosphorus overload and PTH induce aortic expression of Runx2 in experimental uraemia?
{ "contexts": [ "Vascular calcification (VC) is commonly seen in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Elevated levels of phosphate and parathormone (PTH) are considered nontraditional risk factors for VC. It has been shown that, in vitro, phosphate transforms vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) into calcifying cells, evidenced by upregulated expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), whereas PTH is protective against VC. In addition, Runx2 has been detected in calcified arteries of CKD patients. However, the in vivo effect of phosphate and PTH on Runx2 expression remains unknown.", "Wistar rats were submitted to parathyroidectomy, 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx) and continuous infusion of 1-34 rat PTH (at physiological or supraphysiological rates) or were sham-operated. Diets varied only in phosphate content, which was low (0.2%) or high (1.2%). Biochemical, histological, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analyses were performed.", "Nephrectomized animals receiving high-PTH infusion presented VC, regardless of the phosphate intake level. However, phosphate overload and normal PTH infusion induced phenotypic changes in VSMCs, as evidenced by upregulated aortic expression of Runx2. High-PTH infusion promoted histological changes in the expression of osteoprotegerin and type I collagen in calcified arteries." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Animals", "Aorta, Thoracic", "Calcinosis", "Collagen Type I", "Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit", "Disease Models, Animal", "Male", "Muscle, Smooth, Vascular", "Nephrectomy", "Osteoprotegerin", "Parathyroid Hormone", "Parathyroidectomy", "Phenotype", "Phosphorus", "Phosphorus, Dietary", "Rats", "Rats, Wistar", "Risk Factors", "Uremia" ] }
Phosphate, by itself is a potential pathogenic factor for VC. It is of note that phosphate overload, even without VC, was associated with overexpression of Runx2 in VSMCs. The mineral imbalance often seen in patients with CKD should be corrected.
yes
pub_med_qa40188
[ { "content": "์ธ ๊ณผ๋ถ€ํ•˜์™€ PTH๊ฐ€ ์‹คํ—˜์  ์š”๋…์ฆ์—์„œ Runx2์˜ ๋Œ€๋™๋งฅ ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ธ ๊ณผ๋ถ€ํ•˜์™€ PTH๊ฐ€ ์‹คํ—˜์  ์š”๋…์ฆ์—์„œ Runx2์˜ ๋Œ€๋™๋งฅ ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "passage" } ]
Phosphate, by itself is a potential pathogenic factor for VC. It is of note that phosphate overload, even without VC, was associated with overexpression of Runx2 in VSMCs. The mineral imbalance often seen in patients with CKD should be corrected.
์ธ์‚ฐ์—ผ์€ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ VC์˜ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ๋ณ‘์›์„ฑ ์ธ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. VC๊ฐ€ ์—†๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ธ์‚ฐ์—ผ ๊ณผ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” VSMC์—์„œ Runx2์˜ ๊ณผ๋ฐœํ˜„๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์€ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ๋งŒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์„ฑ ์‹ ์žฅ ์งˆํ™˜(CKD) ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ํ”ํžˆ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋„ค๋ž„ ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,056,557
Is aTP-binding cassette transporter A1 significantly involved in the intestinal absorption of alpha- and gamma-tocopherol but not in that of retinyl palmitate in mice?
{ "contexts": [ "It has long been assumed that newly absorbed vitamin A and E enter the body only via enterocyte-produced chylomicrons. However, recent results in cell cultures have shown that a fraction of alpha-tocopherol is secreted with intestinal HDL.", "The aims of this study were to identify this transporter and to assess whether it is significantly implicated in the in vivo intestinal absorption of the 2 main dietary forms of vitamin E (ie, alpha- and gamma-tocopherol) and in that of retinyl palmitate (vitamin A).", "Having performed preliminary experiments in the Caco-2 cell model, we compared fasting and postprandial plasma concentrations of vitamins A and E in mice deficient in ATP-binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) transporter and in wild-type mice.", "A substantial efflux of alpha- and gamma-tocopherol, but not of retinyl esters, was induced by the presence of apolipoprotein A-I at the basolateral side of Caco-2 monolayers. The efflux of alpha- and gamma-tocopherol was also impaired by glyburide and 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid. The postprandial response of plasma gamma-tocopherol was 4-fold lower in ABCA1(-/-) mice (P = 0.025) than in wild-type mice, whereas no significant difference was observed for retinyl esters. Fasting plasma alpha-tocopherol, but not vitamin A, concentrations were lower in mice bearing the genetic deletion." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1", "ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters", "Animals", "Biological Transport, Active", "Caco-2 Cells", "Cholesterol, HDL", "Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid", "Humans", "Intestinal Absorption", "Mice", "Mice, Inbred DBA", "Mice, Transgenic", "Nutritional Status", "Vitamin A", "Vitamin E", "alpha-Tocopherol", "gamma-Tocopherol" ] }
ABCA1 is the transporter responsible for the in vivo secretion of alpha- and gamma-tocopherol with intestinal HDL, and this pathway is significantly implicated in the intestinal absorption and plasma status of vitamin E but not of vitamin A.
yes
pub_med_qa40189
[ { "content": "aTP ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์นด์„ธํŠธ ์ˆ˜์†ก์ฒด A1์€ ์ƒ์ฅ์—์„œ ์•ŒํŒŒ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ๋งˆ ํ† ์ฝ”ํŽ˜๋กค์˜ ์žฅ ํก์ˆ˜์— ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ ˆํ‹ฐ๋‹ ํŒ”๋ฏธํ…Œ์ดํŠธ์˜ ์žฅ ํก์ˆ˜์—๋Š” ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ ํก์ˆ˜๋œ ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ A์™€ E๋Š” ์žฅ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋ก ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ์ฒด๋‚ด๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์˜จ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ ธ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์„ธํฌ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์•ŒํŒŒ ํ† ์ฝ”ํŽ˜๋กค์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์žฅ๋‚ด HDL๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ถ„๋น„๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์ด ์ˆ˜์†ก์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ E์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์š” ์‹์ด ํ˜•ํƒœ(์ฆ‰, ์•ŒํŒŒ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ๋งˆ ํ† ์ฝ”ํŽ˜๋กค)์™€ ๋ ˆํ‹ฐ๋‹ ํŒ”๋ฏธํ…Œ์ดํŠธ(๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ A)์˜ ์ƒ์ฒด ๋‚ด ์žฅ ํก์ˆ˜์— ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\nCaco-2 ์„ธํฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ์˜ˆ๋น„ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ํ›„, ATP ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์นด์„ธํŠธ A1(ABCA1) ์ˆ˜์†ก์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐํ•๋œ ์ฅ์™€ ์•ผ์ƒํ˜• ์ฅ์—์„œ ๊ธˆ์‹ ๋ฐ ์‹ํ›„ ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ A์™€ E์˜ ํ˜ˆ์žฅ ๋†๋„๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n4)\n์•ŒํŒŒ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ๋งˆ ํ† ์ฝ”ํŽ˜๋กค์˜ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์œ ์ถœ์€ Caco-2 ๋‹จ๋ถ„์ž์ธต์˜ ๊ธฐ์ €์™ธ์ธก์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„ํฌ์ง€๋‹จ๋ฐฑ A-I์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์œ ๋„๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ ˆํ‹ฐ๋‹ ์—์Šคํ…Œ๋ฅด์˜ ์œ ์ถœ์€ ์œ ๋„๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ŒํŒŒ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ๋งˆ ํ† ์ฝ”ํŽ˜๋กค์˜ ์œ ์ถœ์€ ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ๋ถ€๋ผ์ด๋“œ์™€ 4,4'-๋””์ด์†Œํ‹ฐ์˜ค์‹œ์•„๋…ธ์Šคํ‹ธ๋ฒค-2,2'-๋””์„คํฐ์‚ฐ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์†์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜ˆ์žฅ ๊ฐ๋งˆ ํ† ์ฝ”ํŽ˜๋กค์˜ ์‹ํ›„ ๋ฐ˜์‘์€ ABCA1(-/-) ์ฅ(P = 0.025)์—์„œ ์•ผ์ƒํ˜• ์ฅ๋ณด๋‹ค 4๋ฐฐ ๋‚ฎ์•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ ˆํ‹ฐ๋‹ ์—์Šคํ…Œ๋ฅด์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ A๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ณต๋ณต ํ˜ˆ์žฅ ์•ŒํŒŒ ํ† ์ฝ”ํŽ˜๋กค์˜ ๋†๋„๋Š” ์œ ์ „์  ๊ฒฐ์†์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฅ์—์„œ ๋” ๋‚ฎ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
ABCA1 is the transporter responsible for the in vivo secretion of alpha- and gamma-tocopherol with intestinal HDL, and this pathway is significantly implicated in the intestinal absorption and plasma status of vitamin E but not of vitamin A.
ABCA1์€ ์žฅ๋‚ด HDL๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์•ŒํŒŒ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ๋งˆ ํ† ์ฝ”ํŽ˜๋กค์˜ ์ƒ์ฒด ๋‚ด ๋ถ„๋น„๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์†ก์ฒด์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋Š” ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ E์˜ ์žฅ ํก์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ํ˜ˆ์žฅ ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ A์™€๋Š” ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,079,539
Is the mechanism of preventive effect of captopril on renal ischemia reperfusion injury independent of ATP dependent potassium channels?
{ "contexts": [ "Renal ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury has been a major source of concern during the past decades and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have been successfully used to prevent this injury. There have been some controversial reports about the involvement of K(ATP) channels in the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors. In this study, we examined the effect of K(ATP) channel blocker (Glibenclamide) on preventive effect of captopril on renal IR injury.", "Male sprauge-dawley rats were pretreated with glibenclamide (1, 5 and 25 mg/kg) and/or captopril (5 mg/kg). They were anesthetized using ketamine (50 mg/kg) and xylazine (10 mg/kg). The left flank was incised and the left renal artery was clamped for 30 minutes. After that, the kidney was reperfused for 2 hours and then the animal was killed. The Right and left kidneys were removed and evaluated for microscopic damage.", "Captopril reduced renal IR injury while glibenclamide by itself caused no change. Glibenclamide did not change the preventive effect of captopril." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Animals", "Captopril", "Dose-Response Relationship, Drug", "Glyburide", "KATP Channels", "Kidney", "Male", "Rats", "Rats, Sprague-Dawley", "Reperfusion Injury" ] }
It seems that the preventive effect of captopril is not directly mediated by K(ATP) channels and further attention should be paid to other receptor-mediated angiotensin II effects.
yes
pub_med_qa40190
[ { "content": "์บกํ† ํ”„๋ฆด์ด ์‹ ์žฅ ํ—ˆํ˜ˆ ์žฌ๊ด€๋ฅ˜ ์†์ƒ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ํšจ๊ณผ์˜ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์€ ATP ์˜์กด์  ์นผ๋ฅจ ์ฑ„๋„๊ณผ ๋ฌด๊ด€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ง€๋‚œ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‹ ์žฅ ํ—ˆํ˜ˆ ์žฌ๊ด€๋ฅ˜(IR) ์†์ƒ์ด ์ฃผ์š” ๊ด€์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์†์ƒ์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•ˆ์ง€์˜คํ…์‹  ์ „ํ™˜ ํšจ์†Œ(ACE) ์–ต์ œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ACE ์–ต์ œ์ œ์˜ ์ž‘์šฉ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์— K(ATP) ์ฑ„๋„์ด ๊ด€์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋…ผ๋ž€์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณด๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” K(ATP) ์ฑ„๋„ ์ฐจ๋‹จ์ œ(๊ธ€๋ฆฌ๋ฒคํด๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ)๊ฐ€ ์‹ ์žฅ IR ์†์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์บกํ† ํ”„๋ฆด์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ํšจ๊ณผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์ˆ˜์ปท ์Šคํ”„๋ผ์šฐ์ง€-๋‹ค์šธ๋ฆฌ ์ฅ๋ฅผ ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ๋ฒคํด๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ(1, 5 ๋ฐ 25 mg/kg) ๋ฐ/๋˜๋Š” ์บกํ† ํ”„๋ฆด(5 mg/kg)๋กœ ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ€ํƒ€๋ฏผ(50 mg/kg)๊ณผ ์ž์ผ๋ผ์ง„(10 mg/kg)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งˆ์ทจํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™ผ์ชฝ ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ์ ˆ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์™ผ์ชฝ ์‹ ์žฅ ๋™๋งฅ์„ 30๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณ ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ํ›„ ์‹ ์žฅ์„ 2์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์žฌ๊ด€๋ฅ˜ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ์ฃฝ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ์‹ ์žฅ๊ณผ ์™ผ์ชฝ ์‹ ์žฅ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฏธ์„ธ ์†์ƒ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์บกํ† ํ”„๋ฆด์€ ์‹ ์žฅ IR ์†์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚จ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ๋ฒคํด๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ ์ž์ฒด๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ๋ฒคํด๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ๋Š” ์บกํ† ํ”„๋ฆด์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ํšจ๊ณผ์— ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
It seems that the preventive effect of captopril is not directly mediated by K(ATP) channels and further attention should be paid to other receptor-mediated angiotensin II effects.
์บกํ† ํ”„๋ฆด์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” K(ATP) ์ฑ„๋„์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ง์ ‘ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ๋งค๊ฐœ ์•ˆ์ง€์˜คํ…์‹  II ํšจ๊ณผ์—๋„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,070,520
Does phospho-Akt pathway activation and inhibition depend on N-cadherin or phospho-EGFR expression in invasive human bladder cancer cell lines?
{ "contexts": [ "A particular interest in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which takes place during embryonic development, provided potential mechanisms involved in the progression of many epithelial tumors, including bladder cancer (BC). The phospho-Akt signaling pathway is supposed to be involved in invasion and progression of human tumors, including BC. Moreover, it has been demonstrated in bladder cancer cell lines that N-cadherin or phospho-epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression are correlated to tumor progression. Our objectives were to evaluate the potential phospho-Akt pathway involvement in N-cadherin and/or phospho-EGFR positive BC cell lines and to evaluate the prognostic value of E- and N-cadherin expression in patients undergoing cystectomy for invasive BC.", "We screened a panel of invasive and noninvasive BC cell lines for E- and N-cadherin, phospho-EGFR, and phospho-Akt expression using the Western blot technique (WB). The potential role of N-cadherin in invasion was assessed by Matrigel assays with and without the N-cadherin blocking monoclonal antibody GC-4. Then we used the Affymetrix microarray technique to evaluate the prognostic value of E- and N-cadherin expression in 30 patients undergoing a cystectomy for invasive BC.", "N-cadherin and phospho-EGFR expression are associated with Akt activation and with invasive behavior modulation. Even if Akt activation is sufficient in promoting invasion, its inactivation by LY294002 (PI-3 kinase inhibitor) is less efficient on invasion than inhibition of N-cadherin and phospho-EGFR by GC-4 (monoclonal antibody) and gefitinib (anti-tyrosine kinase), respectively. N-cadherin and phospho-EGFR inhibition decreased phospho-Akt activation but also caused restoration and reinforcing of E-cadherin expression, respectively, while phospho-Akt inhibition did not have any impact on E-cadherin expression. In a group of high-risk bladder tumors (T(1)G(3)), N- and E-cadherin expression could be considered as a prognostic marker. In a group of patients with invasive BC (pT(2)-T(4)) undergoing cystectomy, we showed a shorter overall survival when BC expressed N-cadherin (P = 0.0064) and when E-cadherin expression was down-regulated (P = 0.00165). The N (positive) /E (negative) profile has the worst prognosis (P = 0.00153)." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Biomarkers, Tumor", "Blotting, Western", "Cadherins", "Cell Line, Tumor", "ErbB Receptors", "Gene Expression", "Gene Expression Profiling", "Humans", "Kaplan-Meier Estimate", "Neoplasm Invasiveness", "Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis", "Phosphorylation", "Prognosis", "Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt", "Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction", "Signal Transduction", "Urinary Bladder Neoplasms" ] }
We confirmed the partial responsibility of p-Akt activation in invasion of some BC cell lines expressing N-cadherin or p-EGFR and also the potential role of N-cadherin and p-EGFR as target in cancer therapy. N/E- cadherin expression profile has a significant prognostic value in invasive BC.
yes
pub_med_qa40191
[ { "content": "์ธ-Akt ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์™€ ์–ต์ œ๋Š” ์นจ์Šต์ ์ธ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘์•” ์„ธํฌ์ฃผ์—์„œ N-์นด๋ฐ๋ฆฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์ธ-EGFR ๋ฐœํ˜„์— ์˜์กดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ธ-Akt ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์™€ ์–ต์ œ๋Š” ์นจ์Šต์ ์ธ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘์•” ์„ธํฌ์ฃผ์—์„œ N-์นด๋ฐ๋ฆฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์ธ-EGFR ๋ฐœํ˜„์— ์˜์กดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "passage" } ]
We confirmed the partial responsibility of p-Akt activation in invasion of some BC cell lines expressing N-cadherin or p-EGFR and also the potential role of N-cadherin and p-EGFR as target in cancer therapy. N/E- cadherin expression profile has a significant prognostic value in invasive BC.
N-์นด๋ฐ๋ฆฐ ๋˜๋Š” p-EGFR์„ ๋ฐœํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€ BC ์„ธํฌ์ฃผ ์นจ์œค์—์„œ p-Akt ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์ธ ์ฑ…์ž„๊ณผ ์•” ์น˜๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ํ‘œ์ ์œผ๋กœ์„œ N-์นด๋ฐ๋ฆฐ๊ณผ p-EGFR์˜ ์ž ์žฌ์  ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. N/E-์นด๋ฐ๋ฆฐ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ํ”„๋กœํ•„์€ ์นจ์Šต์„ฑ BC์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜ˆํ›„ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,060,461
Is chronic plaque psoriasis associated with increased arterial stiffness?
{ "contexts": [ "Patients with moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis have a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis. Arterial stiffness is a measure of endothelial dysfunction and an independent predictor of cardiovascular events.", "To investigate whether chronic plaque psoriasis is associated with an increased arterial stiffness.", "A cross-sectional study on 39 adult patients with moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis and 38 control patients with skin diseases other than psoriasis was conducted. Arterial stiffness was assessed by carotid-femoral and carotid-radial pulse wave velocity (PWVcf, PWVcr).", "PWVcf was significantly higher in patients with psoriasis than in controls (means +/- SD; 8.88 +/- 1.96 vs. 7.57 +/- 1.34 m/s; p = 0.001). Difference was still significant after adjustment for age, gender, smoking status, hypertension and body mass index (8.78 +/- 1.98 vs. 7.78 +/- 2.0 m/s; p = 0.03). There was a positive correlation between PWVcf and years of psoriasis duration (r = 0.58; p = 0.0001), but not with disease severity." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Arteries", "Atherosclerosis", "Biomarkers", "Blood Flow Velocity", "Blood Pressure Determination", "Cardiovascular Diseases", "Carotid Arteries", "Cholesterol", "Chronic Disease", "Cross-Sectional Studies", "Female", "Homocysteine", "Humans", "Hypertension", "Italy", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Prevalence", "Psoriasis", "Pulsatile Flow", "Risk Factors", "Triglycerides", "Vascular Resistance" ] }
Moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis may be independently associated with increased arterial stiffness. Psoriasis duration could be a risk factor for arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis.
yes
pub_med_qa40192
[ { "content": "๋งŒ์„ฑ ํ”Œ๋ผํฌ ๊ฑด์„ ์ด ๋™๋งฅ ๊ฒฝ์ง ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ค‘๋“ฑ๋„์—์„œ ์ค‘์ฆ์˜ ๋งŒ์„ฑ ํ”Œ๋ผํฌ ๊ฑด์„  ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์ธ์ž์™€ ์ฃฝ์ƒ๋™๋งฅ๊ฒฝํ™”์ฆ์˜ ์œ ๋ณ‘๋ฅ ์ด ๋” ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™๋งฅ ๊ฒฝ์ง์€ ๋‚ดํ”ผ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์žฅ์• ์˜ ์ฒ™๋„์ด์ž ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ์ธก ์ธ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n๋งŒ์„ฑ ํ”Œ๋ผํฌ ๊ฑด์„ ์ด ๋™๋งฅ ๊ฒฝ์ง ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n์ค‘๋“ฑ๋„์—์„œ ์ค‘์ฆ์˜ ๋งŒ์„ฑ ํ”Œ๋ผํฌ ๊ฑด์„ ์„ ์•“๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ฑ์ธ ํ™˜์ž 39๋ช…๊ณผ ๊ฑด์„  ์ด์™ธ์˜ ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ์งˆํ™˜์„ ์•“๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ ํ™˜์ž 38๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹จ๋ฉด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™๋งฅ ๊ฒฝ์ง๋„๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋™๋งฅ-๋Œ€ํ‡ด๊ณจ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ๋™๋งฅ-๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ๋งฅํŒŒ ์†๋„(PWVCf, PWVCr)๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n4)\nPWVCf๋Š” ๊ฑด์„  ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(means +/- SD; 8.88 +/- 1.96 ๋Œ€ 7.57 +/- 1.34 m/s; p = 0.001). ์—ฐ๋ น, ์„ฑ๋ณ„, ํก์—ฐ ์ƒํƒœ, ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์•• ๋ฐ ์ฒด์งˆ๋Ÿ‰ ์ง€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ •ํ•œ ํ›„์—๋„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(8.78 +/- 1.98 ๋Œ€ 7.78 +/- 2.0 m/s; p = 0.03). PWVCf์™€ ๊ฑด์„  ์ง€์† ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„(r = 0.58; p = 0.0001) ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ์–‘์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis may be independently associated with increased arterial stiffness. Psoriasis duration could be a risk factor for arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis.
์ค‘๋“ฑ๋„์—์„œ ์ค‘์ฆ์˜ ๋งŒ์„ฑ ํ”Œ๋ผํฌ ๊ฑด์„ ์€ ๋™๋งฅ ๊ฒฝ์ง๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑด์„  ์ง€์† ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ ๋™๋งฅ ๊ฒฝ์ง ๋ฐ ์ฃฝ์ƒ ๋™๋งฅ๊ฒฝํ™”์ฆ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์ธ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,067,996
Are psychotic boys performing well in school at increased risk of suicidal ideation?
{ "contexts": [ "This study investigated how the level of school performance is associated with suicidal behavior and psychiatric disorders among adolescent psychiatric inpatients aged 12-17 years.", "Data were collected from 508 adolescents (300 girls, 208 boys; age 12-17 years) admitted to inpatient psychiatric hospitalization between April 2001 and March 2006. Information on the adolescents' school performance, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts and self-mutilation as well as psychiatric DSM-IV diagnoses was obtained using the Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children.", "An elevated risk of suicidal ideation (OR = 3.6, 95% CI 1.3-10.2, P = 0.017) and of psychotic disorders (OR = 3.2, 95% CI 1.0-10.0, P = 0.048) was observed among male adolescents performing well in school. In addition, adolescents with poor school performance had an increased likelihood of substance-related disorder both in boys (OR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.1-6.1, P = 0.027) and girls (OR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.2-5.1, P = 0.011)." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adolescent", "Child", "Educational Status", "Female", "Finland", "Humans", "Logistic Models", "Male", "Psychiatric Status Rating Scales", "Psychotic Disorders", "Schools", "Sex Factors", "Substance-Related Disorders", "Suicide" ] }
Our findings indicate that psychotic inpatient male adolescents performing well in school are at an elevated risk of suicidal ideation. Although good school performance is often considered a marker of high intelligence and good general ability, symptoms of major psychiatric disorders and suicidality need to be taken very seriously among adolescents performing well in school.
yes
pub_med_qa40193
[ { "content": "์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ์ธ ๋‚จํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์ž์‚ด ์ถฉ๋™์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๋†’์€๊ฐ€์š”?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 12์„ธ์—์„œ 17์„ธ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ์ž…์› ํ™˜์ž๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ํ•™๊ต ์„ฑ์  ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์ž์‚ด ํ–‰๋™ ๋ฐ ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ์  ์žฅ์• ์™€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” 2001๋…„ 4์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2006๋…„ 3์›”๊นŒ์ง€ ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ์ž…์› ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ 508๋ช…์˜ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„(300๋ช…์˜ ์—ฌํ•™์ƒ, 208๋ช…์˜ ๋‚จํ•™์ƒ; 12-17์„ธ)์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ํ•™๊ต ์„ฑ์ , ์ž์‚ด ์ƒ๊ฐ, ์ž์‚ด ์‹œ๋„ ๋ฐ ์žํ•ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์™€ ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ DSM-IV ์ง„๋‹จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ํ•™๋ น๊ธฐ ์•„๋™์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์„œ ์žฅ์•  ๋ฐ ์กฐํ˜„๋ณ‘ ์ผ์ •ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\nํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์„ฑ์ ์ด ์ข‹์€ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์ž์‚ด ์ถฉ๋™(OR = 3.6, 95% CI 1.3-10.2, P = 0.017)๊ณผ ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์  ์žฅ์• (OR = 3.2, 95% CI 1.0-10.0, P = 0.048)์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ํ•™๊ต ์„ฑ์ ์ด ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๋“ค์€ ๋‚จํ•™์ƒ(OR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.1-6.1, P = 0.027)๊ณผ ์—ฌํ•™์ƒ(OR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.2-5.1, P = 0.011) ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ ๊ด€๋ จ ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Our findings indicate that psychotic inpatient male adolescents performing well in school are at an elevated risk of suicidal ideation. Although good school performance is often considered a marker of high intelligence and good general ability, symptoms of major psychiatric disorders and suicidality need to be taken very seriously among adolescents performing well in school.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์„ฑ์ ์ด ์ข‹์€ ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ์ž…์› ์ค‘์ธ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์€ ์ž์‚ด ์ถฉ๋™์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•™๊ต ์„ฑ์ ์ด ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข…์ข… ๋†’์€ ์ง€๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์ข‹์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํ•™๊ต ์„ฑ์ ์ด ์ข‹์€ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ์ •์‹  ์งˆํ™˜๊ณผ ์ž์‚ด ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ๋งค์šฐ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,067,097
Do dispositional optimism and thoughts of well-being determine sensitivity to an experimental pain task?
{ "contexts": [ "Prior studies with patient samples have found dispositional optimism to be associated with less pain.", "We examined the relationship between optimism and experimental pain. It was hypothesized that optimists generally cope with a painful stimulus by mentally disengaging from the pain. However, if optimists are prompted to think about health and well-being prior to the painful event, they are more responsive to the pain.", "Optimists and pessimists were primed with words related to health or with neutral words prior to the cold pressor task. Pain, distress, and cardiovascular reactivity to the cold pressor task were assessed.", "Dispositional optimism was associated with lower pain sensitivity, distress, and cardiovascular reactivity in the neutral prime condition. In the health prime condition, optimists and pessimists did not differ on any of the dependent measures." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Attitude to Health", "Blood Pressure", "Cold Temperature", "Female", "Heart Rate", "Humans", "Male", "Pain Threshold", "Young Adult" ] }
Dispositional optimism is associated with reduced pain for healthy adults encountering a brief pain stimulus. This relationship is eliminated, however, when individuals are primed with thoughts of health and well-being. The results are interpreted as evidence for the use of differential coping strategies by optimists in response to pain.
yes
pub_med_qa40194
[ { "content": "์„ฑํ–ฅ์  ๋‚™๊ด€์ฃผ์˜์™€ ์›ฐ๋น™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์‹คํ—˜์  ๊ณ ํ†ต ๊ณผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\nํ™˜์ž ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ด์ „ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์  ๋‚™๊ด€์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ํ†ต์ฆ ๊ฐ์†Œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n๋‚™๊ด€์ฃผ์˜์™€ ์‹คํ—˜์  ๊ณ ํ†ต ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚™๊ด€์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ํ†ต๊ณผ ์ •์‹ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ํ†ต์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ž๊ทน์— ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด ์„ธ์›Œ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚™๊ด€์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ณ ํ†ต์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ์ด์ „์— ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์›ฐ๋น™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋„๋ก ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ณ ํ†ต์— ๋” ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n๋‚™๊ด€๋ก ์ž์™€ ๋น„๊ด€๋ก ์ž๋Š” ์ฝœ๋“œ ํ”„๋ ˆ์…” ์ž‘์—… ์ „์— ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋‚˜ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์ค€๋น„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝœ๋“œ ํ”„๋ ˆ์…” ์ž‘์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ†ต์ฆ, ๊ณ ํ†ต, ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n4)\n์„ฑํ–ฅ์  ๋‚™๊ด€์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ์ค‘๋ฆฝ ํ”„๋ผ์ž„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ํ†ต์ฆ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„, ํ†ต์ฆ, ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ํ”„๋ผ์ž„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚™๊ด€์ฃผ์˜์ž์™€ ๋น„๊ด€๋ก ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ข…์†์ ์ธ ์ธก์ •๊ฐ’์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Dispositional optimism is associated with reduced pain for healthy adults encountering a brief pain stimulus. This relationship is eliminated, however, when individuals are primed with thoughts of health and well-being. The results are interpreted as evidence for the use of differential coping strategies by optimists in response to pain.
์„ฑํ–ฅ์  ๋‚™๊ด€์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ์งง์€ ํ†ต์ฆ ์ž๊ทน์„ ๊ฒช๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์„ฑ์ธ์˜ ํ†ต์ฆ ๊ฐ์†Œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์›ฐ๋น™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐจ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‚™๊ด€์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์ด ํ†ต์ฆ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ ์ธ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ ์ „๋žต์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ํ•ด์„๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,069,645
Does [ Cytotoxicity induced by gasoline engine exhaust associated with oxidative stress ]?
{ "contexts": [ "To evaluate the relationship between cytotoxic effects of the extracts of condensate, particulates and semivolatile organic compounds from gasoline engine exhausts (EGE) and oxidative stress.", "After A549 cells were treated with various concentrations of EGE for 2h, and cell viabilities were detected induced by EGE were examined by MTT assay. Meanwhile, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in A549 cells induced by EGE were examined, 2',7'-dichlorodihy-drofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) was used to catch ROS and its level measured by value of pixel fluorescence intensity. Furthermore, A549 cells pretreated with different concentrations of glutathione (GSH) were exposed to various concentrations of EGE for 2h, and then cell viabilities were examined.", "Viabilities of A549 cells significantly decreased in comparison to the solvent group when the concentrations of EGE were more than 3.9 ml/ml (P < 0.05). There were a dose-response relationships between the viabilities and the concentration of EGE (r = -0.81, P < 0.01). At the concentrations of 31.3 ml/ml and 62.5 ml/ml, the values of pixel fluorescence intensity were (125.0 +/- 19.2) and (168.9 +/- 16.9), which were significantly higher than those of control (8.5 +/- 1.4). In addition, the viabilities of cells pretreated with GSH gradually increased with the increases of the concentrations of GSH. There were also a significant difference between the pretreated and non-pretreated group at the concentrations of 0.5 mmol/L and 1.0 mmol/L." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Air Pollutants", "Cell Line, Tumor", "Cell Survival", "Humans", "Lung Neoplasms", "Oxidative Stress", "Reactive Oxygen Species", "Vehicle Emissions" ] }
Oxidative stress could be one of the mechanisms of cytotoxic effects of EGE.
yes
pub_med_qa40195
[ { "content": "[ํœ˜๋ฐœ์œ  ์—”์ง„ ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์„ธํฌ ๋…์„ฑ์ด ์‚ฐํ™” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?]?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\nํœ˜๋ฐœ์œ  ์—”์ง„ ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€์Šค(EGE)์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ์‘์ถ•์ˆ˜, ๋ฏธ๋ฆฝ์ž ๋ฐ ๋ฐ˜ํœ˜๋ฐœ์„ฑ ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ์˜ ์„ธํฌ ๋…์„ฑ ํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ์‚ฐํ™” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\nA549 ์„ธํฌ์— ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋†๋„์˜ EGE๋ฅผ 2์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ํ›„, EGE์— ์˜ํ•ด ์œ ๋„๋œ ์„ธํฌ ์ƒ์กด์œจ์„ MTT ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, EGE์— ์˜ํ•ด ์œ ๋„๋œ A549 ์„ธํฌ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑ์‚ฐ์†Œ์ข…(ROS)์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ , 2',7'-๋””ํด๋กœ๋กœ๋””ํ•˜์ด๋“œ-๋“œ๋กœํ”Œ๋ฃจ์˜ค๋ ˆ์‹  ๋””์•„์„ธํ…Œ์ดํŠธ(DCFH-DA)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ROS์™€ ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ํ”ฝ์…€ ํ˜•๊ด‘ ๊ฐ•๋„ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋†๋„์˜ ๊ธ€๋ฃจํƒ€ํ‹ฐ์˜จ(GSH)์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋œ A549 ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋†๋„์˜ EGE์— 2์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋…ธ์ถœ์‹œํ‚จ ํ›„ ์„ธํฌ ์ƒ์กด์œจ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\nA549 ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ƒ์กด์œจ์€ EGE ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ 3.9ml/ml ์ด์ƒ(P < 0.05)์ผ ๋•Œ ์šฉ๋งค ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์กด์œจ๊ณผ EGE ๋†๋„(r = -0.81, P < 0.01) ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰-๋ฐ˜์‘ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 31.3ml/ml ๋ฐ 62.5ml/ml ๋†๋„์—์„œ ํ”ฝ์…€ ํ˜•๊ด‘ ๊ฐ•๋„ ๊ฐ’์€ (125.0 +/- 19.2) ๋ฐ (168.9 +/- 16.9)๋กœ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ(8.5 +/- 1.4)๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ GSH๋กœ ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ƒ์กด์œจ์€ GSH ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ ์ฐจ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ 0.5mmol/L์™€ 1.0mmol/L ๋†๋„์—์„œ ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ณผ ๋น„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๊ฐ„์—๋„ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Oxidative stress could be one of the mechanisms of cytotoxic effects of EGE.
์‚ฐํ™” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋Š” EGE์˜ ์„ธํฌ ๋…์„ฑ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,066,057
Does [ Studies on chemical constituents from stem and leaves of Jasminum lanceolarium ]?
{ "contexts": [ "To investigate the chemical constituents in stem and leaves of Jasminum lanceolarium.", "The constituents of the EtOAc-soluble portion of the 95% ethanol extractive were isolated and purified by means of column chromatographic methods. Compounds were identified by their physical characteristics and spectral features.", "Eight compounds were isolated and identified as 5, 7, 3', 5'-tetrahydroxyflavanone (1), (2S)-5, 7, 3', 4'-tetrahydroxyflavan-5-O-beta-D-glucopyranosie (2), mannitol (3), nonacosane (4), trans-p-coumaric acid (5), cis-p-coumaric acid (6), ferulic acid (7) and, trans-cinnamic acid (8)." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Drugs, Chinese Herbal", "Jasminum", "Plant Leaves", "Plant Stems" ] }
Compounds 14 were isolated from this genus for the first time. And compounds 5 and 6 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
yes
pub_med_qa40196
[ { "content": "[์ž์Šค๋ฏธ๋ˆ” ๋ž€์†”๋ผ๋ฅจ ์ค„๊ธฐ์™€ ์žŽ์˜ ํ™”ํ•™ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ]?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ž์Šค๋ฏธ๋ˆ” ๋ž€์†”๋ผ๋ฆฌ์›€ ์ค„๊ธฐ์™€ ์žŽ์˜ ํ™”ํ•™ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด.\n\n2)\n95% ์—ํƒ„์˜ฌ ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ์˜ EtOAc ์šฉํ•ด์„ฑ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ๋Š” ์ปฌ๋Ÿผ ํฌ๋กœ๋งˆํ† ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ์ •์ œ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ ํŠน์ง•์œผ๋กœ ์‹๋ณ„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n8๊ฐœ์˜ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์–ด 5, 7, 3', 5'-ํ…ŒํŠธ๋ผํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œํ”Œ๋ผ๋ฐ”๋…ผ(1), (2S)-5, 7, 3', 4'-ํ…ŒํŠธ๋ผํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œํ”Œ๋ผ๋ฐ˜-5-O-๋ฒ ํƒ€-D-๊ธ€๋ฃจ์ฝ”ํ”ผ๋ผ๋…ธ์‹œ์—(2), ๋งŒ๋‹ˆํ†จ(3), ๋…ธ๋‚˜์ฝ”์‚ฐ(4), ํŠธ๋žœ์Šค-p-์ฟ ๋งˆ๋ฅด์‚ฐ(5), ์‹œ์Šค-p-์ฟ ๋งˆ๋ฅด์‚ฐ(6), ํŽ˜๋ฃฐ์‚ฐ(7) ๋ฐ ํŠธ๋žœ์Šค-์‹ ๋‚จ์‚ฐ(8)์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
Compounds 14 were isolated from this genus for the first time. And compounds 5 and 6 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
์ด ์†์—์„œ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ 14๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ 5์™€ 6์ด ์ด ์‹๋ฌผ์—์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,058,789
Is a common variant in DRD3 receptor associated with autism spectrum disorder?
{ "contexts": [ "The presence of specific and common genetic etiologies for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was investigated for 132 candidate genes in a two-stage design-association study.", "1,536 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering these candidate genes were tested in ASD (n = 144) and ADHD (n = 110) patients and control subjects (n = 404) from The Netherlands. A second stage was performed with those SNPs from Stage I reaching a significance threshold for association of p < .01 in an independent sample of ASD patients (n = 128) and controls (n = 124) from the United Kingdom and a Dutch ADHD (n = 150) and control (n = 149) sample.", "No shared association was found between ASD and ADHD. However, in the first and second ASD samples and in a joint statistical analysis, a significant association between SNP rs167771 located in the DRD3 gene was found (joint analysis uncorrected: p = 3.11 x 10(-6); corrected for multiple testing and potential stratification: p = .00162)." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adolescent", "Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity", "Autistic Disorder", "Child", "Female", "Genome-Wide Association Study", "Humans", "Male", "Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide", "Receptors, Dopamine D3" ] }
The DRD3 gene is related to stereotyped behavior, liability to side effects of antipsychotic medication, and movement disorders and may therefore have important clinical implications for ASD.
yes
pub_med_qa40197
[ { "content": "DRD3 ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์ด ์žํ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ ์žฅ์• ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์žํ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ ์žฅ์• (ASD)์™€ ์ฃผ์˜๋ ฅ ๊ฒฐํ•/๊ณผ์ž‰ํ–‰๋™ ์žฅ์• (ADHD)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŠน์ • ์œ ์ „์  ๋ฐ ๊ณตํ†ต ์œ ์ „์  ์›์ธ์˜ ์กด์žฌ๊ฐ€ 2๋‹จ๊ณ„ ์„ค๊ณ„-์—ฐ๊ด€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ 132๊ฐœ์˜ ํ›„๋ณด ์œ ์ „์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ์˜ ASD(n = 144) ๋ฐ ADHD(n = 110) ํ™˜์ž์™€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ(n = 404)์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ›„๋ณด ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” 1,536๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹จ์ผ ๋‰ดํด๋ ˆ์˜คํƒ€์ด๋“œ ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ(SNP)์„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ASD ํ™˜์ž ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ(n = 128) ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ(n = 124)๊ณผ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ADHD(n = 150) ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ(n = 149) ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์—์„œ p < .01์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ ์˜ ์ž„๊ณ„๊ฐ’์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•œ 1๋‹จ๊ณ„ SNP๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\nASD์™€ ADHD ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ๊ณตํ†ต๋œ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์™€ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ASD ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๊ณผ ๊ณต๋™ ํ†ต๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ DRD3 ์œ ์ „์ž์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ SNP rs167771 ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(๊ณต๋™ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜์ •: p = 3.11 x 10 (-6). ๋‹ค์ค‘ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ๋ฐ ์ž ์žฌ์  ๊ณ„์ธตํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜์ •๋จ: p = .00162.", "role": "passage" } ]
The DRD3 gene is related to stereotyped behavior, liability to side effects of antipsychotic medication, and movement disorders and may therefore have important clinical implications for ASD.
DRD3 ์œ ์ „์ž๋Š” ์ •ํ˜•ํ™”๋œ ํ–‰๋™, ํ•ญ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ…์ž„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šด๋™ ์žฅ์• ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์žํ์„ฑ ์žฅ์• (ASD)์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ž„์ƒ์  ํ•จ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,058,784
Do selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors modify physiological gastrointestinal motor activities via 5-HT2c receptor and acyl ghrelin?
{ "contexts": [ "Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are widely used to treat anxiety and depressive disorders. These agents may cause upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms that lead to their discontinuation. We examined whether SSRIs modify physiologic GI motor activities in freely moving rats.", "The SSRIs fenfluramine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, and fluoxetine were administered to 24-hour food-deprived rats, and then GI motility was measured in conscious, freely moving rats using a strain gauge force transducer method. Plasma acyl ghrelin levels were determined by enzyme immunoassay.", "Plasma acyl ghrelin levels were analyzed in conjunction with fasted motor activities. Acyl ghrelin was increased in association with the occurrence of Phase III-like contractions of the migrating motor complex in the antrum and duodenum. SSRIs decreased acyl ghrelin and changed Phase III-like contractions to fed-like motor activities. Both effects were blocked by 5-HT2c, but not 5-HT1b, receptor antagonist. Neither melanocortin 4 nor the 3/4 receptor antagonists blocked this motor effect, although they restored the anorexia induced by SSRIs. The improving effect on GI motility by 5-HT2c receptor (5-HT2cR) antagonist disappeared after treatment with a growth-hormone secretagogue receptor antagonist, whereas ghrelin or ghrelin-releasing drug such as TJ-43 changed SSRI-induced fed-like motor activities to fasted activities." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Animals", "Drugs, Chinese Herbal", "Eating", "Fenfluramine", "Fluoxetine", "Fluvoxamine", "Gastrointestinal Motility", "Ghrelin", "Growth Hormone", "Injections, Intraventricular", "Male", "Oligopeptides", "Paroxetine", "Piperazines", "Rats", "Rats, Wistar", "Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C", "Receptors, Ghrelin", "Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists", "Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists", "Serotonin Antagonists", "Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors" ] }
SSRIs have inhibitory effects on acyl ghrelin and GI motor activities through 5-HT2cR. Our study identifies the importance and divergence of central 5-HT2cR pathways that regulate GI motor activities through ghrelin and feeding/energy metabolism via melanocortin 4 receptor signaling.
yes
pub_med_qa40198
[ { "content": "์„ ํƒ์  ์„ธ๋กœํ† ๋‹Œ ์žฌํก์ˆ˜ ์–ต์ œ์ œ๊ฐ€ 5-HT2c ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์™€ ์•„์‹ค ๊ทธ๋ ๋ฆฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒ๋ฆฌ์  ์œ„์žฅ๊ด€ ์šด๋™ ํ™œ๋™์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋‚˜์š”?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์„ ํƒ์  ์„ธ๋กœํ† ๋‹Œ ์žฌํก์ˆ˜ ์–ต์ œ์ œ(SSRI)๋Š” ๋ถˆ์•ˆ ๋ฐ ์šฐ์šธ ์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์•ฝ์ œ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ถ€ ์œ„์žฅ๊ด€(GI) ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ์ค‘๋‹จ์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ์ฅ์—์„œ SSRI๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋ฆฌ์  ์œ„์žฅ๊ด€ ์šด๋™ ํ™œ๋™์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์Œ์‹์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์ฅ์—๊ฒŒ ํŽœํ”Œ๋ฃจ๋ผ๋ฏผ, ํ”Œ๋ฃจ๋ณต์‚ฌ๋ฏผ, ํŒŒ๋ก์„ธํ‹ด, ํ”Œ๋ฃจ์˜ฅ์„ธํ‹ด์„ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•œ ํ›„ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ธ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€ ํž˜ ๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ธฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜์‹์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ์ฅ์˜ ์œ„์žฅ๊ด€ ์šด๋™์„ฑ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜ˆ์žฅ ์•„์‹ค ๊ทธ๋ ๋ฆฐ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” ํšจ์†Œ ๋ฉด์—ญ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ธก์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\nํ˜ˆ์žฅ ์•„์‹ค ๊ทธ๋ ๋ฆฐ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” ๊ณต๋ณต ์šด๋™ ํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๋ง‰๊ณผ ์‹ญ์ด์ง€์žฅ์—์„œ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์šด๋™ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ฒด์˜ 3์ƒ ์œ ์‚ฌ ์ˆ˜์ถ•์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์•„์‹ค ๊ทธ๋ ๋ฆฐ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. SSRI๋Š” ์•„์‹ค ๊ทธ๋ ๋ฆฐ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  3์ƒ ์œ ์‚ฌ ์ˆ˜์ถ•์„ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์šด๋™ ํ™œ๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋‘ 5-HT2c์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ 5-HT1b ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ๊ธธํ•ญ์ œ๋Š” ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฉœ๋ผ๋…ธ์ฝ”๋ฅดํ‹ด 4๋‚˜ 3/4 ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ๊ธธํ•ญ์ œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ด ์šด๋™ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ SSRI์— ์˜ํ•ด ์œ ๋„๋œ ์‹์š•๋ถ€์ง„์„ ํšŒ๋ณต์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 5-HT2c ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด(5-HT2cR) ๊ธธํ•ญ์ œ์— ์˜ํ•œ GI ์šด๋™์„ฑ ๊ฐœ์„  ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์„ฑ์žฅํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ ์„ธํฌ๋ ˆํƒ€๊ณ ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ๊ธธํ•ญ์ œ๋กœ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•œ ํ›„ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๋ ๋ฆฐ ๋˜๋Š” TJ-43๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ทธ๋ ๋ฆฐ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์€ SSRI์— ์˜ํ•ด ์œ ๋„๋œ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์šด๋™ ํ™œ๋™์„ ๊ณต๋ณต ํ™œ๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "role": "passage" } ]
SSRIs have inhibitory effects on acyl ghrelin and GI motor activities through 5-HT2cR. Our study identifies the importance and divergence of central 5-HT2cR pathways that regulate GI motor activities through ghrelin and feeding/energy metabolism via melanocortin 4 receptor signaling.
SSRI๋Š” 5-HT2cR์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•„์‹ค ๊ทธ๋ ๋ฆฐ๊ณผ GI ์šด๋™ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฉœ๋ผ๋…ธ์ฝ”๋ฅดํ‹ด 4 ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ „๋‹ฌ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทธ๋ ๋ฆฐ๊ณผ ์„ญ์‹/์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด GI ์šด๋™ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์‹ฌ 5-HT2cR ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19,064,574
Does flaxseed supplementation ( not dietary fat restriction ) reduce prostate cancer proliferation rates in men presurgery?
{ "contexts": [ "Prostate cancer affects one of six men during their lifetime. Dietary factors are postulated to influence the development and progression of prostate cancer. Low-fat diets and flaxseed supplementation may offer potentially protective strategies.", "We undertook a multisite, randomized controlled trial to test the effects of low-fat and/or flaxseed-supplemented diets on the biology of the prostate and other biomarkers. Prostate cancer patients (n = 161) scheduled at least 21 days before prostatectomy were randomly assigned to one of the following arms: (a) control (usual diet), (b) flaxseed-supplemented diet (30 g/d), (c) low-fat diet (<20% total energy), or (d) flaxseed-supplemented, low-fat diet. Blood was drawn at baseline and before surgery and analyzed for prostate-specific antigen, sex hormone-binding globulin, testosterone, insulin-like growth factor-I and binding protein-3, C-reactive protein, and total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Tumors were assessed for proliferation (Ki-67, the primary endpoint) and apoptosis.", "Men were on protocol an average of 30 days. Proliferation rates were significantly lower (P < 0.002) among men assigned to the flaxseed arms. Median Ki-67-positive cells/total nuclei ratios (x100) were 1.66 (flaxseed-supplemented diet) and 1.50 (flaxseed-supplemented, low-fat diet) versus 3.23 (control) and 2.56 (low-fat diet). No differences were observed between arms with regard to side effects, apoptosis, and most serologic endpoints; however, men on low-fat diets experienced significant decreases in serum cholesterol (P = 0.048)." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Aged", "Biomarkers, Tumor", "Diet, Fat-Restricted", "Dietary Supplements", "Flax", "Humans", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Poisson Distribution", "Preoperative Care", "Prostatic Neoplasms", "Statistics, Nonparametric" ] }
Findings suggest that flaxseed is safe and associated with biological alterations that may be protective for prostate cancer. Data also further support low-fat diets to manage serum cholesterol.
yes
pub_med_qa40199
[ { "content": "์•„๋งˆ์”จ ๋ณด์ถฉ์ œ(์‹์ด ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์ œํ•œ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ)๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ „ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์˜ ์ „๋ฆฝ์„ ์•” ์ฆ์‹๋ฅ ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋‚˜์š”?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "์ฐธ์กฐ:\n1)\n์ „๋ฆฝ์„ ์•”์€ ์ผ์ƒ ๋™์•ˆ ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๋ช…์˜ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹์ด ์š”์ธ์ด ์ „๋ฆฝ์„ ์•”์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘๊ณผ ์ง„ํ–‰์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €์ง€๋ฐฉ ์‹๋‹จ๊ณผ ์•„๋งˆ์”จ ๋ณด์ถฉ์ œ๋Š” ์ž ์žฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์ „๋žต์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n2)\n์ €์ง€๋ฐฉ ๋ฐ/๋˜๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ์”จ ๋ณด์ถฉ ์‹๋‹จ์ด ์ „๋ฆฝ์„  ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๋งˆ์ปค์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์ค‘ ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„ ๋Œ€์กฐ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ฆฝ์„  ์ ˆ์ œ์ˆ  ์ตœ์†Œ 21์ผ ์ „์— ์˜ˆ์ •๋œ ์ „๋ฆฝ์„ ์•” ํ™˜์ž(n = 161๋ช…)๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ตฐ์— ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ •๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: (a) ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ(usual ์‹๋‹จ), (b) ์•„๋งˆ์”จ ๋ณด์ถฉ ์‹๋‹จ(30g/d), (c) ์ €์ง€๋ฐฉ ์‹๋‹จ(์ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ 20% ๋ฏธ๋งŒ), ๋˜๋Š” (d) ์•„๋งˆ์”จ ๋ณด์ถฉ ์ €์ง€๋ฐฉ ์‹๋‹จ. ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ „์— ํ˜ˆ์•ก์„ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ฆฝ์„  ํŠน์ด ํ•ญ์›, ์„ฑํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ถˆ๋ฆฐ, ํ…Œ์Šคํ† ์Šคํ…Œ๋ก , ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ์œ ์‚ฌ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ธ์ž-I ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ-3, C ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ฐ ์ €๋ฐ€๋„ ์ง€๋‹จ๋ฐฑ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข…์–‘์€ ์ฆ์‹(Ki-67, 1์ฐจ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ณ€์ˆ˜)๊ณผ ์„ธํฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฉธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.\n\n3)\n๋‚จ์„ฑ์€ ํ‰๊ท  30์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋งˆ์”จ ํŒ”์— ๋ฐฐ์ •๋œ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์˜ ์ฆ์‹๋ฅ ์€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฎ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(P < 0.002). ์ค‘๊ฐ„ Ki-67 ์–‘์„ฑ ์„ธํฌ/์ด ํ•ต ๋น„์œจ(x100)์€ ์•„๋งˆ์”จ ๋ณด์ถฉ ์‹๋‹จ 1.66(์•„๋งˆ์”จ ๋ณด์ถฉ ์‹๋‹จ, ์ €์ง€๋ฐฉ ์‹๋‹จ)๊ณผ 1.50(์•„๋งˆ์”จ ๋ณด์ถฉ ์‹๋‹จ)์œผ๋กœ, ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ 3.23(๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ)๊ณผ ์ €์ง€๋ฐฉ ์‹๋‹จ 2.56(์ €์ง€๋ฐฉ ์‹๋‹จ)์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ, ์„ธํฌ ์ž๋ฉธ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํ˜ˆ์ฒญํ•™์  ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํŒ” ๊ฐ„์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ €์ง€๋ฐฉ ์‹๋‹จ์„ ์„ญ์ทจํ•œ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์€ ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(P = 0.048).", "role": "passage" } ]
Findings suggest that flaxseed is safe and associated with biological alterations that may be protective for prostate cancer. Data also further support low-fat diets to manage serum cholesterol.
์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์•„๋งˆ์”จ๋Š” ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ „๋ฆฝ์„ ์•”์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ €์ง€๋ฐฉ ์‹๋‹จ์„ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.