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By Cheryl Toomey, University Relations Graduate Assistant
Challenges faced by a person who uses a wheelchair are easy to recognize, but there are many disabilities that are less visible. The UTC Disability Resource Center raises awareness and educates the campus community | By Cheryl Toomey, University Relations Graduate Assistant
Challenges faced by a person who uses a wheelchair are easy to recognize, but there are many disabilities that are less visible. The UTC Disability Resource Center raises awareness and educates the campus community to interact with people who may be facing disabilities, invisible or otherwise.
“This is important because these students are here,” said Michelle Rigler, Director of the Disability Resource Center (DRC). “We have 1200 students with disabilities registered with our department and probably many more that are not registered. That includes students with invisible disabilities, physical disabilities, vision, hearing – they’re here. They are a part of our diverse culture and the more people that become educated about to appropriately interact with them the better our campus will be,” said Rigler.
Not only students are served by the DRC—programs are also offered for faculty and staff.
October is Disability Awareness Month, the inspiration for Rigler’s campus presentation, “A Big Bang Approach to Autism.”
A popular television character was used to explore stereotypical Autism Spectrum Disorder characteristics and how these affect UTC students with ASD.
While The Big Bang Theory’s Sheldon Cooper may not officially have an autism spectrum disorder, he presents with many of the characteristi |
|Image from LedaSchubert.com|
He peeks out from behind a curtain, his dark eyes twinkling from his face caked with white make-up. He can make “reality into dreams and dreams into reality.” All alone | |Image from LedaSchubert.com|
He peeks out from behind a curtain, his dark eyes twinkling from his face caked with white make-up. He can make “reality into dreams and dreams into reality.” All alone on a stage he can play tug of war, chase butterflies, transform into a fish or a bird or a tree with just the movements of his body, the expressions on this face. He is Marcel Marceau, the famous mime. But Marceau wasn’t always a mime. Born in Strasbourg, France in 1923 as Marcel Mangel, his dream of becoming a silent film star like Charlie Chaplin was crushed with the arrival of World War II. He joined the French Resistance and led hundreds of Jewish children to safety in Switzerland. So people wouldn't know he was Jewish he changed his last name to the French sounding Marceau. It wasn’t until the war ended that Marceau studied mime and created his most famous character, Bip. Marceau went on to perform around the world because, as he said, “Neither laughter nor tears are French, English, Russian, or Japanese.”
This picture book biography is a wonderful introduction to a unique performer, as well as a look at his efforts to save lives during World War II. The text, printed in large font, is beautifully worded and well-researched. All words spoken by Marceau in the text are drawn from research and are cited on the back page. There is an afterward with more detailed biographical information and a list of recommended books for further reading. Schubert also includes some beginning miming advice from Rob Mermin, the founding director of the Vermont-based Circus Smirkus. Mermin includes a short exercise that encourages the use of the senses of touch, taste, and sight to bring the imagined world to life. DuBois’ painted illustrations are wonderfully textured with visible brush strokes of thick paint. Illustrations that show Marceau performing pop out from the page in high contrast black and white with accents of blue and red. Conversely, the illustrations that depict Marceau’s real life as a child and during the war are soft edged and draw from a wider color palate that includes browns, greens, yellows, and blues.
Before or after you read this book show this video of Bip in The Lion Tamer. Watch the clip once through just to enjoy it. Then ask the kids how they knew where the lion was on the stage. Talk about how Marceau uses his eyes to follow the imaginary lion. Can you see the difference when Marceau is looking at lion and when he is looking at the audience and thanking them for the applause? How do you know what the lion is doing? Watch how Marceau reacts to the actions made by the lion. You might also show this snippet of his maskmaker sketch. For both sketches, you can also discuss the importance of music to the act. Watch them with sound and then without, what are the differences?
Use the exercise and suggestions given by Mermin and Schubert at the end of the book to get kids up and moving. Urge kids to think about all the little movements |
This section aims to give Indian students an overview of the education system in Singapore. It also discusses about the various avenues of education open to an international student in Singapore with an emphasis on university education.
The Ministry of Education in Singapore controls and directs the | This section aims to give Indian students an overview of the education system in Singapore. It also discusses about the various avenues of education open to an international student in Singapore with an emphasis on university education.
The Ministry of Education in Singapore controls and directs the education policy in Singapore. The development and administration of state schools which receive government funding is part of the Ministry's responsibilities along with being in an advisory and supervisory role for private schools.
The Ministry also partially funds SPED schools (special education schools) which are run by the VWOs (voluntary welfare organizations). Children with disabilities attend these schools.
Singapore has placed an essential emphasis on education. This can be seen from the fact that education spending forms at least 20% of the budget of Singapore. Primary education has become compulsory for all the citizens of Singapore and if parents fail to enrol their children into school, it is considered a criminal offence.
English has been adopted as a first language and is the primary medium of instruction in most institutions. At school level however, Singapore follows the bilingual system of education with English being complemented by a mother tongue language. This system has proved to be extremely fruitful for the overall development of a student's abilities. This has managed to cross the ethnic and languages based borders amongst the citizens, and connect Singapore to the rest of the world.
The education system in Singapore is based on the age of the student. Indians students intending to study in Singapore normally apply to Junior colleges or pre-university. There is a belief that the admission process to universities in Singapore is eased if students complete their pre-university education in Singapore. The National Junior College (established in 1969) is the oldest Junior college in Singapore. This trend is changing slowly and a large number of Indian students are now beginning to apply directly for both undergraduate and postgraduate programs at universities in Singapore.
When international students apply for admission in Singapore, they have to provide documentary proof of having completed the age-based education level in order to gain admission.
Apart from this proof, institutions will normally conduct entrance examinations for international students in the subjects of English, Maths, Science and their mother tongue language when they apply for admission.
At the end of the Pre-University levels the student has to appear for the GCE 'A' Level exams.
The system of education has come under some amount of criticism because it is held to be very specialised and rigid and that there is not much emphasis placed on creative thinking. The Ministry of Education has recently introduced some changes in the curriculum which have created an increased focus on creative independent thinking and development of real-life skills.
That being said, students from Singapore continue to rank at the top in different competitive exams held at international levels in subjects like Mathematics and Science.
After completing pre-university, students can opt for 3 year diploma courses offered by the polytechnics in Singapore, enrol for undergraduate programs at one of the universities or study at the Institute of Technical Education (ITE).
Courses offered at the polytechnics are more industry oriented. Singaporean students at times apply to these institutions after completing 'O' levels and hence these become alternatives to junior colleges. There are 5 such Polytechnics in Singapore.
Students can also apply to the Institute of Technical Education (ITE). These institutions offer two year programs leading to a locally recognized "National ITE certificate".
The third channel which students can choose is to apply to the universities in Singapore to pursue a variety of undergraduate, graduate, post graduate and doctoral programmes. There are 4 Universities and more than 10 Private Tertiary Institutions which offer these degrees to students.
Singapore has also attracted a variety of International schools due to its multi-cultural community base. These are more than 20 in number.
The universities in Singapore have been regularly been featured in the list of top and best universities around the world.
Singapore has four main universities and there is a large population of Indian students in each of these Universities.
|Name of University||Type||Known as||Year of establishment|
|National University of Singapore||Public||NUS||1905|
|Nanyang Technological University||Public||NTU||1991|
|Singapore Management University||Private||SMU||2000|
Several overseas institutions establishing satellite campuses and research centers have enhanced levels of education in Singapore. INSEAD, one of the leading business schools in the world opened a second campus in Singapore in 2001, which offers an opportunity for students to study abroad at a prestigious institution. This runs parallel to the campus in France and offers MBA and Executive-MBA courses. Other examples are the University of Chicago graduate school of business and the James Cook University further enhancing the belief that education in Singapore is top class and to study in Singapore is the way to go.
By Kavitha Vijeyavelan | January 29th 2014
The SAT exam was created by the College Board and is globally recognised as a college admission test that is used by most universities and colleges. The exam tests students in the areas of reading, writing, and math. Taking this standa |
Acts of Power
By Corrine Sanchez
I have been to India and India is still with me.
Columbus set sail to find India, instead he landed on the homelands of my peoples. We are connected. Our history and | Acts of Power
By Corrine Sanchez
I have been to India and India is still with me.
Columbus set sail to find India, instead he landed on the homelands of my peoples. We are connected. Our history and fates intertwined. Dissimilar, yet mirrors into each other. Our Souls weep and Our Mother aches, yet Our Spirits move forward. Threads of strength weave through generations.
Strategies of murder, rape, assault, biological warfare, laws, legislation and policies written by a government…meant to eradicate and erase us, to “Kill the Indian”. Genocidal practices enforced by 21 U.S. Presidents.
Historical Trauma. Loss of language, loss of culture, loss of land, loss of a way of life–loss of connection to ONE ANOTHER, to SPIRIT.
Intergenerational Trauma. Institutional and structural racism, classism, sexism, ALL the ISMS and Oppressions, poverty, alcoholism, suicide, substance abuse, sex trafficking, forced sterilization, child sexual abuse.
Individual Trauma/ Complex Trauma. Rape, murder, assault, domestic violence, inter- and intra- family violence, bullying.
Guilt, Anger, Shame spread through generations like cancer, Internalized Oppression.
Our HISTORY and shared experiences forgotten, as we relive old patterns, repeating cycles of abuse.
Anti-Immigrant policies, anti-bilingual legislation, War on Women mentalities, FEAR of OTHER spreading like wildfire.
In India, communities sell their girls to brothels to a life of sex trafficking. I ask myself, how can this happen?
Native Women are 3.5 times more likely to experience sexual assault than any other race. I ask myself, how can this happen?
1 in 4 Girls and 1 in 6 boys–a child sexual abuse epidemic. I ask myself, how can this happen?
Predatory behaviors, attitudes and practices. Predatory communities. Predatory legislation. Predatory policies. Is this whom we have become? The places and spaces where violence thrives and silence maintains the chains. No locks are needed to keep us locked in.
Cowardice asks the question, Is it safe? Expediency asks the question, Is it politic? Vanity asks the question, Is it popular? But conscience asks the question, Is it right? And there comes a time when one must take a position that is neither safe, nor politic, nor popular, but he must take it because his conscience tells him that it is right.
- Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
We are here. We come to this place NOT on our own. Historical Trauma, Intergenerational Trauma, Individual Trauma, and Complex Trauma all have contributed to where we now find ourselves, as individuals, as families, as communities, as societies, as countries. It is not an e |
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) involves excessive worry about several life areas and frequent need for reassurance. Children with GAD may have muscle tension, restlessness, sleep problems, and/or concentration difficulties that accompany their worries. Their worries often | Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) involves excessive worry about several life areas and frequent need for reassurance. Children with GAD may have muscle tension, restlessness, sleep problems, and/or concentration difficulties that accompany their worries. Their worries often concern possible catastrophic events, or performance in school and/or social activities. The worry is unrealistic, largely uncontrollable, and distressing. They may ask a lot of “what if…” questions and want reassurance that everything will be okay. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and certain types of medication have been shown to be helpful in the treatment of anxiety disorders. |
Atop a mesa in the high desert of central Arizona sit the dozen concrete structures of Arcosanti, the model city conceived by the Italian-born architect Paolo Soleri as an “urban laboratory” for experiments in sustainable living. Founded in 197 | Atop a mesa in the high desert of central Arizona sit the dozen concrete structures of Arcosanti, the model city conceived by the Italian-born architect Paolo Soleri as an “urban laboratory” for experiments in sustainable living. Founded in 1970, this homespun precursor to Masdar, the much larger project now under construction in another desert halfway around the globe (see “A Zero-Emissions City in the Desert”), was an early attempt to combine innovative architecture with the clean technologies then at hand to conserve energy and minimize waste. It was to be a demonstration of Soleri’s vision for how society could lessen its destructive impact on the environment.
A Technology Review correspondent who had spent four months at Arcosanti described the ambition behind Soleri’s project in a 1979 special report:
The key to making cities instruments of progress rather than models of decline is to integrate all of their systems, says architect/philosopher Paolo Soleri. On but 13 acres of an 860-acre tract, he proposes to build a 25-story prototype that will house about 5,000 people and all the needed support systems.
Soleri believes that cities are the environments for the cultural and spiritual evolution of humanity; but he insists that their architecture be firmly based on ecological principles. “Instead of picking up one problem at a time and trying to solve it, we are trying to find a whole solution,” he explains.
Like Masdar, Arcosanti needed to use the desert’s most powerful force–the sun–to its advantage. But Soleri and his colleagues couldn’t draw on vast streams of oil money (Masdar has billions in seed money, while Arcosanti relied on volunteer workers and the proceeds from the sale of ceramic and bronze bells produced on site). It had to be frugal.
Arcosanti, the first “arcology” (Soleri’s word), is now six buildings and several arches that grace a desert mesa 70 miles north of Phoenix. This will be shadowed by a second design, the Two Suns Arcology. …
The plans for the Two Suns Arcology, completed about three years ago, show that it will take greater advantage of new developments in solar energy than the first, cathedral-like model. Two Suns will be “energized by the sun,” grow its own food, recycle its waste for agricultural nutrients, and have its own, largely self-contained economic system. While Arcosanti would employ some sophisticated hardware, Soleri emphasizes that “the application of the technology will be very different.” The hemispheric-shaped building will face south … its roof and structural overhangs tilted like two “blades” which will act as huge, passive solar collectors during the winter months when the sun is low in the sky and as providers of shade during the summer months of high sun. …
Electrical energy will be provided by whatever solar-cell technology is available at the time of major construction. The specifics of Two Suns’ transportation network have not been worked out; but as an outspoken critic of the “asphalt nightmare,” Soleri has designed a miniaturized city that does not include cars, in which rapid vertical transportation will tie things closely together. …
Though Soleri’s holistic approach suggests intriguing possibilities, designing and building the main structure of the arcology awaits massive funding.
The funding has yet to materialize, and today the project remains unfinished, with only a few dozen full-time residents. Yet the site draws thousands of tourists and volunteers who invest their time, effort, and money in the project for weeks or months at a time. Soleri, who received the National Design Museum’s Lifetime Achievement Award in 2006, is still an active presence at Arcosanti. But even in 1979, he was resigned to the fact that he would not live to see his dream fulfilled.
At age 60, Soleri has begun to acknowledge that his city-in-the-sky may not be completed in his lifetime. But his vision of a human environment that produces its own resources, rather than eating up someone else’s, is in our future. It is Soleri’s insistence that man must evolve cities that give new life to the land and to the people in them. |
from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition
- n. The act of intercepting or the state of being intercepted.
- n. Something, such as a missile, an aircraft, or a radio transmission, | from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition
- n. The act of intercepting or the state of being intercepted.
- n. Something, such as a missile, an aircraft, or a radio transmission, that is intercepted.
- n. Sports A pass that is intercepted, especially a forward pass in football.
from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License
- n. An act of intercepting something, the state of being intercepted, or a thing that is intercepted.
- n. A passing play where the ball is received by the opposing team.
- n. a pass that is intercepted by an opposing player.
from the GNU version of the Collaborative International Dictionary of English
- n. The act of intercepting
from The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- n. The act of intercepting; a stopping or cutting off; obstruction; hindrance.
- n. Intrusion; intervention.
from WordNet 3.0 Copyright 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
- n. (American football) the act of catching a football by a player on the opposing team
- n. the act of intercepting; preventing something from proceeding or arriving
Sorry, no etymologies found.
The continued growth of Mr. Sanchez, who has thrown for eight touchdowns without an interception, is an important factor.
Or must the accused know that her interception is unreasonable in order to be convicted?
An interception is no longer a death sentence, because Cutler expects to win.
The Cardinals did not get an interception from a starting corner until Game 12.
'' Coming off a rest like that, you've got to take advantage of it, '' said McNair, whose four-game streak without an interception is the longest of his career.
And even if the interception is made here in the U.S.,
Moreover, the FISA Court could not possibly review the surveillance for, e.g., the "particularity" that the Fourth Amendment requires, because the FISA Court would be tasked not with determining whether any particular interception is constutitional, but somehow with making "wholesale" determinations that the program writ large is "consistent with" the Constitution.
Now, ballistic missile interception is infinitely harder than most people presume.
Williams '3-yard touchdown was set up by a Derek Clenin interception and 26-yard return to the Miner 9 with 1: 16 left.
Fisher and company did a great job calling the first drive, having the Jags on their heels, until McNair throws in interception and we retreat into our shells. |
Our history dates back to 1842 when the explorer J.B. Faribault invited Father Ravoux to establish a mission among the Sioux Indians in what would become the town of Chaska. He built a small log chapel, but dismantled | Our history dates back to 1842 when the explorer J.B. Faribault invited Father Ravoux to establish a mission among the Sioux Indians in what would become the town of Chaska. He built a small log chapel, but dismantled it three years later when the Indians threatened to burn it down. The chapel was sold to the Catholics of Wabasha and floated down the river to it’s new home.
In the 1850s the Benedictine Fathers made frequent visits to our area, mostly to the German communities along the Minnesota River, to determine when a community was large enough to support a church.
Minnesota achieved statehood in 1858 and during that year the Benedictines decided that Chaska was able to support a church. The congregation had difficulty choosing a name for the new church so they decided to have Michael Guenser’s two-year-old daughter looked at pictures of saints and select one. She chose the picture of the Guardian Angel, and so the church was named Guardian Angels Catholic Church.
Since the first log chapel in 1842, three churches were built. The first was built between the years of 1858 and 1860. It was a simple, small brick building with planks on wooded blocks that served as pews.
By 1864, rapid growth in the area saw the need for a larger church and in 1868 work began on a second church. This church served the community’s needs until 1885 when construction began on the present church. This church was an imposing structure on the landscape, constructed of brick with a steeple towering 162 feet above the street. The interior ceiling rose 39 feet above the fl |
is a virus
which has a genome
consisting of RNA
. It relies on reverse transcriptase
to perform a kind of reverse transcription[?]
of its genome from RNA
for insertion by integrase
into the host's genome | is a virus
which has a genome
consisting of RNA
. It relies on reverse transcriptase
to perform a kind of reverse transcription[?]
of its genome from RNA
for insertion by integrase
into the host's genome. The virus itself is just a storage form for its RNA; the reverse transcription takes place in the host's cytosol
. A retrovirus' genome integrated into the host's genome is called a provirus
The retrovirus genome contains at least three genes:
- gag codes for core and structural proteins of the virus.
- pol codes for reverse transcriptase.
- env codes for the virus hull proteins.
There are three known retrovirus categories :
All four identified human
1&2) attack CD4 cells[?]
Another feature common to all retrovirises is a lipid envelope surrounding their capsid. It is essential for their function. This explains why retroviruses can be killed by just washing hands.
- See also: HIV
- Retroviruses (http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/R/Retroviruses)
All Wikipedia text
is available under the
terms of the GNU Free Documentation License |
Luther Burbank was born in Lancaster, Massachusetts, on March 7, 1849. In California his birthday is celebrated as Arbor Day and trees are planted in his memory.
"I firmly believe, from what I have seen,
that this | Luther Burbank was born in Lancaster, Massachusetts, on March 7, 1849. In California his birthday is celebrated as Arbor Day and trees are planted in his memory.
"I firmly believe, from what I have seen,
that this is the chosen spot of all this earth
as far as Nature is concerned."
Luther Burbank, 1875
The famed horticulturist made his home in Santa Rosa for more than fifty years. On this
garden site and in nearby Sebastopol, Burbank conducted the plant-breeding experiments
that brought him world renown. His objective was to improve the quality of plants and
thereby increase the world's food supply. In his working career Burbank introduced more
than 800 new varieties of plants including over 200 varieties of fruits, many vegetables,
nuts and grains, and hundreds of ornamental flowers.
Burbank died in 1926 at the age of 77. In accordance with his wishes, his grave is unmarked. He was buried under a Cedar of Lebanon tree which he planted in front of his Santa Rosa cottage in 1893. The Cedar stood as a beloved landmark until its removal due to root disease in 1989.
During Burbank's career, his four-acre garden in Santa Rosa was an outdoor laboratory where he carried out his horticultural experiments. In the decades following his death, Mrs. Burbank sold some of the land and reduced the. property to the 1.6 acres which remain today.
At his widow's request the central garden was redesigned and dedicated in 1960 as a memorial park. This tranquil area, with its stone fountain surrounded by screened wood fencing, fulfilled Mrs. Burbank's wish for a design using plants, wood. stone, and water. That theme remains unchanged today.
A revitalization project of the gardens, completed in 1992, addressed the need for featuring more Burbank-related plant material and for making significant structural repairs.
A permanent pictorial exhibit describing Luther Burbank's life and work is located in the central garden. This fifty foot outdoor display also includes information on the history of the property.
Visitors are welcome in the gardens, free of charge, every day of the year.
The Luther Burbank Property is a Registered National, State and City Historic Landmark.
Comments or questions? [email protected]
Luther Burbank Home and Gardens Home Page
Return to Luther Burbank Home and Gardens Page
Return to Parks Home Page
Proudly hosted by Sonoma.net |
The most often used definitions of corruption have taken the place of the clichés from the time When corruption was thought a convention, a well hidden “alternative way of living”.Nowadays Conventions are pointless and associations are direct and clear-cut: a | The most often used definitions of corruption have taken the place of the clichés from the time When corruption was thought a convention, a well hidden “alternative way of living”.Nowadays Conventions are pointless and associations are direct and clear-cut: a lie, an abuse, a theft, bribe taking, a Speculation, blackmailing. The sides in the corruption process are clearly defined: ''the one offering the bribe and the one taking the bribe''. Vulgarization of corruption itself brings archetypal and pragmatic notions of it. Nowadays corruption is most often interpreted by the general public as a series of interactions:
“They want – I give”, “I want – I get”.
Corruption is a process of decay which can never be eradicated completely from any society. The most important reasons contributing ti this decay are bad interaction between the specialized bodies for combating corruption and the citizens, the extensive prerogatives of public officials, the widespread bureaucracy,insufficient political will for dealing with corruption, the low remuneration of public officials, lack of effective measures and sanctions, the possibility for public officials to obtain illegal benefit, weaknesses of the legislation, lack of willingness on the part of the citizens to contribute to, the process of combating corruption. So corruption is to be done everywhere. Everyone wants to fulfill their needs or to get success so corrupt ways are used for that so you find corruption on all levels that’s why there are so many reason of corruption.
The basic reason for corruption is low salaries as everyone is finding a way to better their living standard as much as they can; it’s also a human nature that he has everything more and more. So mostly corruption is to be seen where there are people having fewer salaries they use corrupt ways to achieve the goal. It is true that they do not have any other way to fulfill their wants.
Lack of accountability and regulation:
Corruption is more prevalent because lack of accountability and regulation. If money that the government receives is going in their pockets rather than being spent on the people who need it, on their education, health and so on, then the consequences are obvious that many people don't pay taxes because they don't trust the government to spend it on the people, they think they are corrupt and the money would just disappear. And so this creates a vicious circle. People don't see the government doing anything to help them, so they think it's a waste of time to pay taxes. The government doesn't get any money from taxes and so can't do anything to help people.
Corruption on the low-level is systematic and fed by desperation. In many of these nations, it's almost expected that a policeman or clerk will earn a fair amount of income through bribes, so the states pay those workers less based on that assumption. Bribes and the like become a kind of tip. Even in situations where this is not true, there's still the temptation of extra cash, whether necessary to feed one's family. The "every man for himself" attitude in some cultures encourages this.
Corruption prone institutions
According to many people corruption can only thrive in bureaucratic societies or countries where every single matter, law and order is under the control of corrupt government. The reality does not authenticate just this idea. At an "elite" level, corruption is the everywhere. Then, what developing countries are full of, is non-elite corrupt people. Corruption is normally associated with the government, police, legal system and other bodies that control and allocate public resources. The police are responsible for maintaining order and justice in a society. A police department for instance can be compared to other governmental bodies for simple understanding of the term. e.g.: a cop stops a car to make a ticket, but is also willing to accept a small bribe to let it pass (or even stop the car to get a bribe in the first place). Some drivers will also try to bribe the cop, to avoid the ticket. Mostly the same at all administration levels, at any given bureaucrat institution. Of course, virtually all government regulated institutions (police, hospitals, schools, etc) have their employee being overly underpaid, which helps a lot to lead into this. The reason why a policeman for example would accept a bribe to let someone go free is that they are often underpaid and extra cash is always a tempting prospect. The wide consensus across surveys points to the police as being one of the most corrupt institutions in Pakistan. According to the organization Global Integrity appointments in the police force are often based on political considerations. Police officers frequently have conflicts of interest due to personal loyalties and family connections. It is also well known that in Pakistan, influential landlords decide the appointment of law enforcement officers in their area, with police officers acting on their behalf. Unlawful police methods do not solely affect poor people. Businesses also complain that they suffer from extortion by the police, for instance in the form of bogus traffic fines. Basically Police misconduct is a topic of great concern worldwide. However, the causes of police corruption are remarkably different. Understanding the unique political, historical, legal, and economic institutions of a country is essential in identifying the potential for police misconduct. The boundary line between corrupt and non-corrupt activities is quite difficult to define. A police officer who takes advantage of his power and authority for personal and organizational gains can easily be described as a corrupt police officer. The term “police corruption” has been used to describe many activities: bribery; violence and brutality; fabrication and destruction of evidence; racism; and, favoritism. Not only lower ranked officers are involved in such malpractices, but also senior officers, and those ranked below them are involved in organized corruption. The position is best summed up in the words of the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Hom |
from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition
- n. Any of various small arboreal marsupials of the family Phalangeridae, of Australia and adjacent islands, having a long tail and dense wool | from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition
- n. Any of various small arboreal marsupials of the family Phalangeridae, of Australia and adjacent islands, having a long tail and dense woolly fur and including the cuscus and the flying phalanger.
from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License
- n. An arboreal marsupial of the family Phalangeridae, native to Australia.
from the GNU version of the Collaborative International Dictionary of English
- n. Any marsupial belonging to Phalangista, Cuscus, Petaurus, and other genera of the family Phalangistidæ. They are arboreal, and the species of Petaurus are furnished with lateral parachutes. See Flying phalanger, under flying.
from The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- n. A marsupial mammal of the genus Phalanger or Phalangista, or of the subfamily Phalangistinæ; a phalangist: so named by Buffon (in the case of a species of Cuscus) from the peculiar structure of the second and third digits of the hind feet, which are webbed together.
- n. [capitalized] [NL.] A genus of phalangers founded by Storr in 1780. The name is prior in date to Phalangista, but until lately has been less used.
from WordNet 3.0 Copyright 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
- n. small furry Australian arboreal marsupials having long usually prehensile tails
It was a female, and though not exactly of the same species, much resembled the remarkable animal which Mons. de Buffon hath described by the name of phalanger.
The one is distinctly a true squirrel, a rodent of the rodents, externally adapted to an arboreal existence; the other is equally a true phalanger, a marsupial of the marsupials, which has independently undergone on his own account very much the same adaptation, for very much the same reasons.
The vulpine phalanger does duty for a fox; the fat and sleepy little dormouse phalanger takes the place of a European dormouse.
At Rawak the phalanger and the sheepdog in a wild state were the only quadrupeds met with.
Of the quadrupeds, I have already mentioned the dog, and particularly described the kangaroo, and the animal of the opossum kind, resembling the phalanger of Buffon; to which I can add only one more, resembling a pole-cat, which the natives call _Quoll_: The back is brown, spotted with white, and the belly white unmixed.
The inclusion of red fox and of pewee, penguin, phalarope, and phalanger raises the interesting question of how the editorial staff decided which faunal names to include.
"There is also the flying _phalanger_," observed my friend; "an animal of the marsupial order, which is a native of Australia, and somewhat resembles the opossum.
Names based on protrusions and appendages hawk < IE root * kap - ` to grasp '(because of its grasping talons) octopus < Greek octō, ` eight' + pous, ` foot 'phalanger < Latin phalanx ` toe bone' (because of the peculiar structure of the second and third toes on its hind feet) porcupine < Latin porcus ` pig '+ spīna ` thorn, prickle, spine' rhinoceros < Greek rhin - |
Wilkerson Middle School; Birmingham City Schools
With the first lesson, we learned of the Five Parts of a Map. Now, in the second episode we will discuss map purposes. We discuss the different types of maps: physical, political,and | Wilkerson Middle School; Birmingham City Schools
With the first lesson, we learned of the Five Parts of a Map. Now, in the second episode we will discuss map purposes. We discuss the different types of maps: physical, political,and thematic. We define their associated characteristics, and give examples of each. We continue to use humor, metaphor, and cross curriculum skills to teach map reading.
Content Areas: Social Studies
Alabama Course of Study Alignments and/or Professional Development Standard Alignments:
[T1] GEG (7) 1: Describe the world in spatial terms using maps, major physical and human features, and urban and rural land-use patterns.
NSS-G.K-12.1 THE WORLD IN SPATIAL TERMS
As a result of activities in grades K-12, all students should
Understand how to use maps and other geographic representations, tools, and technologies to acquire, process, and report information from a spatial perspective. |
These wonderful children’s book illustrations make one yearn for snow. They were done by the artist Karl Mühlmeister, about whom very little seems to be known. He is believed to have been born in Hamburg in 1876, and | These wonderful children’s book illustrations make one yearn for snow. They were done by the artist Karl Mühlmeister, about whom very little seems to be known. He is believed to have been born in Hamburg in 1876, and died around 1942-45, location unknown. These simple print illustrations have a charm all their own.
This sweet group of pocket-sized almanacs by British children's book illustrator Kate Greenaway (1846-1901) were issued between 1884 and 1895. Greenaway's scenes of beautifully-dressed children frolicking in the countryside were popular during the late Victorian period, and her images still exert a strong nostalgic charm. These books also display the talents of Edmund Evans, one of the finest engravers and color printers of the 19th century. This collection |
What might a strategy be in order to educate a class where there is present a boy with Tourette syndrome? Ho might we address this situation with respect to the students as well as the class? The boy has blinking as well as some verbal ticks | What might a strategy be in order to educate a class where there is present a boy with Tourette syndrome? Ho might we address this situation with respect to the students as well as the class? The boy has blinking as well as some verbal ticks wich at times can be distracting to his learning ability as well as the rest of the class.... Facebook Friend
When helping build awareness about a child's disability the most important rules to adhere to are:
- Make sure the process is controlled by the parent an |
While whites are most likely to have arthritis than African-Americans and Hispanics, their joint pain is more severe than what is experience by white people.
In America 1 in 5 adults are affected by arthritis. The condition is the leading cause of disability | While whites are most likely to have arthritis than African-Americans and Hispanics, their joint pain is more severe than what is experience by white people.
In America 1 in 5 adults are affected by arthritis. The condition is the leading cause of disability, interfering with work and life style. Arthritis can also make it difficult in the management of other chronic diseases.
African-Americans were 17 percent less likely to report the condition than white Americans but when it came to severe joint pain they were twice as likely to be affected. That pain made work limited for them and for Hispanics, who have severe pain even with a less than 46 percent than whites of reporting the condition.
One theory regarding the greater pain felt by African-Americans and Hispanics is lack of access to health care, language barriers and cultural differences, says a study published in the journal Preventing Chronic Disease.
"We must address these stark differences in arthritis impact by using what we know,’’ said Jennifer Hootman, an epidemiologist for the CDC National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion and co-author of the report. “We can educate those with arthritis about increasing physical activity and self-management and reducing obesity, especially those in groups bearing a disproportionate burden from arthritis."
The study, "Difference in the Prevalence and Impact of Arthritis among Racial/Ethnic Groups" was the result of a CDC National Health Interview Survey. |
Nobel laureate Milton Friedman correctly observed, “There are severe limits to the good that the government can do for the economy, but there are almost no limits to the harm it can do.”
- Congress, throughout several administrations starting with Jimmy Carter | Nobel laureate Milton Friedman correctly observed, “There are severe limits to the good that the government can do for the economy, but there are almost no limits to the harm it can do.”
- Congress, throughout several administrations starting with Jimmy Carter’s Community Reinvestment Act in 1977, urged financial institutions to make home loans affordable to people with marginal credit ratings. Now they are defaulting on these loans and taxpayers are being asked to pick up the tab.
- Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac became an extension of the welfare state to promote Congress’s social engineering and vote buying. They became increasingly corrupt and donated large sums to members of Congress, especially as Congress started to investigate the corruption. Democrats Chris Dodd, Barack Obama, and John Kerry received the largest of these “donations.” To be fair, Republicans received money from Fannie and Freddie too, 43% to the Democrats 57%. Nevertheless it was Republicans that tried to reform Fannie and Freddie.
- The G. W. Bush administration tried to institute reforms, which were blocked by Congress. Could the donations have influenced the Democrats’ votes?
- There was no attempt by Bush to go to the people and demand action.
- “I join as a cosponsor of the Federal Housing Enterprise Regulatory Reform Act of 2005, S. 190, to underscore my support for quick passage of GSE regulatory reform legislation. If Congress does not act, American taxpayers will continue to be exposed to the enormous risk that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac pose to the housing market, the overall financial system, and the economy as a whole.
I urge my colleagues to support swift action on this GSE reform legislation.” (John McCain 2005 on the Floor of the US Senate) Nobody listened.
- Banks sold their loans in packages to Fannie and Freddie who in turn sold them to investors. When defaults started en masse, the value of these packaged loans was called into question so their value plummeted beyond their real value. Banks are required by accounting rules (mark to market) to carry these loans at their market value which may be below their actual value. Confidence in banks began to slip.
- As confidence in the mortgage market declined, investors became aware of another huge liability that eclipses the housing market. Measured in trillions of dollars instead of billions, a structured financing product similar to insurance called credit default swaps are underwritten by large financial institutions to help large borrowers manage their credit risk. When debt issuers such as municipalities are in danger of default, the institutions (counterparties) are at risk of having to pay the underlying notes. No one knows for sure how large this risk is but uncertainty is what kills the financial markets. All of the large banks, even today’s apparent survivors, are at risk.
- Banks and our entire monetary system exist because people trust them. That trust has evaporated. The entire monetary system is at risk and will be reflected in international exchange rates.
- The general public understands little of the details or what to do about it. Fear is magnified by distrust in the people they voted for to watch out for their self-interest without really knowing what constitutes their real self-interest. They blame the |
Thirty years on, "Rutter's gap" remains a challenge for Aegean prehistorians. With a precision commonly overlooked by his critics, Rutter originally set out to draw attention to a lacuna in our knowledge of material from strat | Thirty years on, "Rutter's gap" remains a challenge for Aegean prehistorians. With a precision commonly overlooked by his critics, Rutter originally set out to draw attention to a lacuna in our knowledge of material from stratified sites in the Cyclades, or of Cycladic material exported elsewhere, at the end of the third millennium B.C.E. and to a consequent hiatus in our ability to trace how island culture and behavior shifted from the Early to Middle Bronze Age. Whether the "gap" represented a real cessation of activity, whether it might be reduced from both ends, and whether genuinely interstitial strata and material might one day emerge were left open to the future. That future is now here, and this article asks where we stand today. It reviews new evidence from the Cyclades, the paucity of which suggests that the problem is at some level real, and highlights shifts of emphasis in the temporal pattern of change suggested by fresh data. It explores how two subsequent explanatory models have fared against new information: first, the association with a horizon of climate-induced collapse, and second, an explanation in terms of the maritime transition from canoe-borne to sail-driven shipping. Lastly, a pan-Mediterranean perspective reveals the third millennium B.C.E. as a period of burgeoning island societies and long-range sea traffic, but one that also witnessed crises in several island cultures toward its end, under conditions of increasing external penetration. |
Évariste Galois, (born October 25, 1811, Bourg-la-Reine, near Paris, France—died May 31, 1832, Paris), French mathematician famous for his contributions to the part | Évariste Galois, (born October 25, 1811, Bourg-la-Reine, near Paris, France—died May 31, 1832, Paris), French mathematician famous for his contributions to the part of higher algebra now known as group theory. His theory provided a solution to the long-standing question of determining when an algebraic equation can be solved by radicals (a solution containing square roots, cube roots, and so on but no trigonometry functions or other nonalgebraic functions).
Galois was the son of Nicolas-Gabriel Galois, an important citizen in the Paris suburb of Bourg-la-Reine. In 1815, during the Hundred Days regime that followed Napoleon’s escape from Elba, his father was elected mayor. Galois was educated at home until 1823, when he entered the Collège Royal de Louis-le-Grand. There his education languished at the hands of mediocre and uninspiring teachers. But his mathematical ability blossomed when he began to study the works of his countrymen Adrien-Marie Legendre on geometry and Joseph-Louis Lagrange on algebra.
Under the guidance of Louis Richard, one of his teachers at Louis-le-Grand, Galois’s further study of algebra led him to take up the question of the solution of algebraic equations. Mathematicians for a long time had used explicit formulas, involving only rational operations and extractions of roots, for the solution of equations up to degree four, but they had been defeated by equations of degree five and higher. In 1770 Lagrange took the novel but decisive step of treating the roots of an equation as objects in their own right and studying permutations (a change in an ordered arrangement) of them. In 1799 the Italian mathematician Paolo Ruffini attempted to prove the impossibility of solving the general quintic equation by radicals. Ruffini’s effort was not wholly successful, but in 1824 the Norwegian mathematician Niels Abel gave a correct proof.
Galois, stimulated by Lagrange’s ideas and initially unaware of Abel’s work, began searching for the necessary and sufficient conditions under which an algebraic equation of any degree can be solved by radicals. His method was to analyze the “admissible” permutations of the roots of the equation. His key discovery, brilliant and highly imaginative, was that solvability by radi |
Tuesday, 6 November 2012
Dark matter filament illuminated
An invisible web thought to span the cosmos has now revealed one of its strands.
That thread is spun of dark matter and connects two titanic clusters of galaxies, some of the | Tuesday, 6 November 2012
Dark matter filament illuminated
An invisible web thought to span the cosmos has now revealed one of its strands.
That thread is spun of dark matter and connects two titanic clusters of galaxies, some of the most massive objects in the universe. Its discovery supports the idea that galaxy clusters grow at the intersections of such filaments, and its heft backs the claim that filaments hide more than half of all matter.
“Filaments of dark matter have never been seen before,” says Jörg Dietrich, an astronomer at the University Observatory Munich in Germany, whose team reports the finding online July 4 in Nature. “For the first time, we successfully mapped one.”
As the name suggests, dark matter is difficult to detect because it gives off no light or other radiation. The material’s presence is typically inferred by measuring how its gravitational pull changes the motions of stars and galaxies.
But look closely, and the shy matter can provide more direct evidence of its presence. Its gravity warps the fabric of spacetime and bends light passing nearby, so that more distant galaxies beyond the intervening dark matter appear distorted.
This lensing has already revealed dense clouds of dark matter kicked out of colliding galaxie |
Could we start industrial society from scratch today? The answer is probably not. While such a question seems merely hypothetical, its answer has important implications regarding the prospects for a sustainable industrial future.
The reason it would be so difficult to start an industrial society | Could we start industrial society from scratch today? The answer is probably not. While such a question seems merely hypothetical, its answer has important implications regarding the prospects for a sustainable industrial future.
The reason it would be so difficult to start an industrial society from scratch today is that most of the natural resources associated with advanced societies have been drawn down to a point where it would be difficult to extract what's left without an up-and-running industrial system. It is worth quoting at length Harrison Brown, author of "The Challenge of Man's Future," writing on this point in 1954:
Our ancestors had available large resources of high-grade ores and fuels that could be processed by the most primitive technology--crystals of copper and pieces of coal that lay on the surface of the earth, easily mined iron, and petroleum in generous pools reached by shallow drilling. Now we must dig huge caverns and follow seams ever further underground, drill oil wells thousands of feet deep, many of them under the bed of the ocean, and find ways of extracting the leanest ores--procedures that are possible only because of our highly complex modern techniques, and practical only to an intricately mechanized culture which could not have been developed w |
Dr. Joyce Epstein's Model
In her research report titled Caring for the Children We Share Dr. Epstein states, "The way schools care about children is reflected in the way schools care about the children's families. If educators view children simply | Dr. Joyce Epstein's Model
In her research report titled Caring for the Children We Share Dr. Epstein states, "The way schools care about children is reflected in the way schools care about the children's families. If educators view children simply as students, they are likely to see the family as separate from the school. That is, the family is expected to do its job and leave the education of children to the schools. If educators view students as children, they are likely to see both the family and the community as partners with the school in children's education and development. Partners recognize their shared interest in and responsibilities for children, and they work together to create better programs and opportunities for students.
There are many reasons for developing school, family and community partnerships. They can improve school programs and school climate, provide family services and support, increase parents' skills and leadership, connect families with others in the school and in the community and help teachers with their work. However, the main reason to create such partnerships is to help all youngsters succeed in school and in later life. When parents, teachers, students, and others view one another as partners in education, a caring community forms around students and begins its work.
Epstein's Overlapping Spheres of Influence
The overlapping spheres of influence recognize that there are three major contexts in which students learn and grow - the family, the school, and the community. In this model, there are some practices that schools, families, and communities conduct separately and some they conduct jointly in order to influence children's learning and development.
The model locates the student at the center. The inarguable fact is that students are the main actors in their education, development, and success in school. School, family, and community partnerships cannot simply produce successful students. Rather, partnership activities may be designed to engage, guide, energize, and motivate students to produce their own successes. The assumption is that if children feel cared for and encouraged to work hard in the role of student they are more likely to do their best to learn to read, write, calculate, and learn other skills and talents and to remain in school.
Epstein's Six Types of Involvement
A framework of six major types of involvement has evolved from many studies and from many years of work by educators and families in elementary, middle, and high schools. The framework allows schools to develop more comprehensive programs of school, family and community partnership.
Each type of involvement induces many different practices of partnership and implementation of partnerships will vary. However, if done well, all can positively impact students, teachers and parents. A well-designed and well-implemented program will include all six types of involvement to some degree and be linked to the individual school goals. |
This video describes the Barbara A. Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST), located at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Md. The archive holds data from 16 NASA telescopes, including current missions such as the | This video describes the Barbara A. Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST), located at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Md. The archive holds data from 16 NASA telescopes, including current missions such as the Hubble Space Telescope and Kepler, a space-based observatory hunting for planets around other stars. Data from retired missions such as the International Ultraviolet Explorer, an ultraviolet-light satellite that ended its 18-year run in 1996, also are housed in MAST. The archive is NASA's repository for all of its optical and ultraviolet-light observations, some of which date to the early 1970s. At present, the archive contains nearly 200 terabytes of data. |
1st Dynasty. Also known as Menes, the first ruler of Egypt's first dynasty. Unified Upper and Lower Egypt, as depicted on the Narmer Palette. Established the capital of Memphis and built a dam to prevent the flooding of the city | 1st Dynasty. Also known as Menes, the first ruler of Egypt's first dynasty. Unified Upper and Lower Egypt, as depicted on the Narmer Palette. Established the capital of Memphis and built a dam to prevent the flooding of the city.
3rd Dynasty. Builder of the step pyramid (6 stacked mastabas).
4th Dynasty. Builder of the bent pyramid (and also the Red Pyramid and the Pyramid at Meidum). Father of Khufu.
4th Dynasty. Builder of the Great Pyramid at Giza (First true pyramid).
4th Dynasty. Son of Khufu, may have built the great Sphinx, built a smaller version of the Great Pyramid next to his father's at Giza.
11th Dynasty. Reunited Egypt after the division to three regions. Took many measures to ensure stabilitysuch as making the Nomarchs hereditary (slight concession to gain their support) and ruling with Justice and Forgiveness to gain the support of his people and appear as more of a father-like figure as opposed to a distant God-king (gain support, minimize rebellions.)
12th Dynasty. Former vizier of Mentuhotep IV, gained control mysteriously. Established coregency in order to assume a smooth transition (so that no one could gain power like he had). Tried to claim credit for the re-unification of Egypt. Moved the ceremonial capital to Itjtawy.
12th Dynasty. Son of Amenemhat. Introduced "Instrucions", strengthened the military in order to control Nomarchs and Northern Nubia. Construc |
- A plant of a genus that includes busy Lizzie and its many hybrids.
More example sentences
- Genus Impatiens, family Balsaminaceae
- Plant impatiens with begonias, coleus, ferns, | - A plant of a genus that includes busy Lizzie and its many hybrids.
More example sentences
- Genus Impatiens, family Balsaminaceae
- Plant impatiens with begonias, coleus, ferns, fuchsias, hydrangeas, and lobelias.
- Warm-season annuals such as marigolds, impatiens and zinnias are adapted to bloom even during the hottest weather.
- Eat on the splendid terrace under the branches of plane, chestnut, maple, and acacia trees; the low stone walls are dressed with impatiens and hydrangeas (and the peonies were blooming in March).
modern Latin, from Latin, literally 'impatient' (because the capsules of the plant readily burst open when touched).
More definitions of impatiensDefinition of impatiens in:
- The US English dictionary |
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Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations
Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 672876, 9 pages
Advanced Measuring (Instrumentation) Methods for Nuclear Installations: A Review
Chongqing Automobile College, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
Received 14 July 2012; Accepted 27 August 2012
Academic Editor: Xing Chen
Copyright © 2012 Wang Qiu-kuan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The nuclear technology has been widely used in the world. The research of measurement in nuclear installations involves many aspects, such as nuclear reactors, nuclear fuel cycle, safety and security, nuclear accident, after action, analysis, and environmental applications. In last decades, many advanced measuring devices and techniques have been widely applied in nuclear installations. This paper mainly introduces the development of the measuring (instrumentation) methods for nuclear installations and the applications of these instruments and methods.
In last decade, nuclear technology has developed rapidly and became more important to human society with the development of science and technology. Nuclear technology has many advantages, such as zero carbon emissions, energy independence, and safety. At present, nuclear installations are more prevalent than ever before. Therefore, with the rapid development and wide applications of nuclear technology, many new technologies have been emerging to guarantee its reliability and safety, where measuring devices and techniques that can exactly measure and monitor the nuclear installations show particular importance.
This paper is a review of advances in measuring (instrumentation) technology focus areas that have applications in nuclear installations. The instruments used in nuclear installations mainly include multifarious detectors, sensors, and meters. The measurement methods for nuclear technology mostly consist of all kinds of nondestructive measurement methods. The paper presents various instruments and measurement methods which are widely used in nuclear power reactors, nuclear fuel cycle, safeguards and homeland security, nuclear accident, after action, and analysis.
2. Nuclear Power Reactors
2.1. Nuclear Power Reactors Instrumentations
In this section, instrumentations to measuring the neutron fission, the neutron dose, the flux, the reactor fission rate, and temperature are discussed. Here instrumentations contain Micro-Me-gas detectors, noise thermometer, tissue equivalent proportional counter, high-temperature thermocouples, liquid scintillation detector, spectrometers, optical fiber sensors, Uranium Fission chamber, Plutonium Fission chamber, Self-Powered Neutron Detector, Ionization chamber, Self-Powered Gamma Detector, Differential calorimeter, Gamma Thermometer, and Optical Fiber Sensors, and so forth.
A new set-up at the Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire (CERN) n_TOF facility has been built and tested by Guerrero et al. which allowed measuring simultaneously neutron, induced fission and capture reactions by combining a 4π Total Absorption Calorimeter (TAC) with several Micro-Me-gas (MMGAS) detectors. The sketch is shown in Figure 1. Bolshakova et al. discussed the issues of creating the instrumentation for measured the semiconductor magnetic field sensors during their irradiation with neutrons in nuclear reactors up to fluences similar to neutron fluences in steady-state sensor locations in international thermonuclear experimental reactor. They used the tissue equivalent proportional counter to measure the neutron dose and dose equivalent rates, and the multisphere spectrometers were used in measurement of energy distributions. Fourmentel et al. did a lot of work to measure more accurately photon flux, nuclear heating, and neutron flux in the reactor. The devices measure the photon flux by two different sensors (Ionization chamber and Self-Powered Gamma Detector), the nuclear heating by two different ones (Differential calorimeter and Gamma Thermometer), and the neutron flux by three different kinds of sensors (Uranium Fission chamber, Plutonium Fission chamber and Self Powered Neutron Detector).
A key technique in nuclear installations is monitoring of temperature. Brixy used the noise thermometer to measure the temperature in nuclear reactors. The noise thermometer rooted in the Nyquist theorem which is used to determine absolute temperatures. Both of the two resistors have noise voltages, one at the unknown temperature, the other at room temperature. Compared with the ratio of the resistances, when the noise voltages from the two resistors are matching, the ratio of their absolute temperatures is determined. Bily and Sklenka designed a new instrumentation for measurement of th |
Board-certified specialists are doctors who have advanced education, clinical training, and certification in a specific field. A subspecialist is a doctor who is trained or certified as a specialist and then receives additional training in a specific area (subspecialty | Board-certified specialists are doctors who have advanced education, clinical training, and certification in a specific field. A subspecialist is a doctor who is trained or certified as a specialist and then receives additional training in a specific area (subspecialty).
A doctor becomes board-certified by completing training in a specialty area and passing an examination. To be board-certified, the doctor must complete the education requ |
Will March come in like a lion, or like a lamb?! Teach your students all about wild weather and have them complete this adorable craft! The lion and lamb can be glued back-to-back and hung from the ceiling or be made into a cute | Will March come in like a lion, or like a lamb?! Teach your students all about wild weather and have them complete this adorable craft! The lion and lamb can be glued back-to-back and hung from the ceiling or be made into a cute bulleti |
People on low-carb diets may sometimes feel deprived when it comes to starchy and sugary foods, but there is a saving grace: not having to worry too much about total fat. It's true that there is no solid evidence
that | People on low-carb diets may sometimes feel deprived when it comes to starchy and sugary foods, but there is a saving grace: not having to worry too much about total fat. It's true that there is no solid evidence
that eating a low-fat diet makes a person healthier (all other things being equal). It's also true that eating some fat is important for our health. There are circumstances, though, when even dedicated low-carbers may want to know about ways to cut fat:
- Since different people do well on different diets, you may be living with someone who does better on a lower-fat diet. One strategy for dealing with this is to serve at least some food that is low in both fat and carbs. Then each can supplement with other foods.
- Some people don't need to eat many calories (especially older and smaller people) and eating too much high-fat food doesn't leave them with enough calories to get proper nutrition.
- Even though low-carb diets tend to fill people up so they naturally limit their eating, some low-carbers find that at some point, they need to at least keep an eye on calories. Fat consumption is perhaps the easiest way to do this because cutting back on even a small amount of fat can significantly reduce calories.
So how do we find foods that are low in both carbohydrates and fat? Here are some ideas. (Note: Some of these examples aren't necessarily fat-free, and even though salmon is not really a low-fat choice, it is so good for you (with its healthy fat) that I'm including some salmon recipes.)
Many low-calorie foods are naturally low in protein, fat and carbohydrates. These include:
If it isn't carbs and it isn't fat, it must be protein. Lean, high-protein foods
, cooked without sauces in ways that don't add fat (baking, grilling, poaching or microwaving) work well. These are examples of recipes, which are made up of mainly protein, sometimes with low-carb vegetables:
From Fiona Haynes, About.com's Guide to Low Fat Cooking:
Foods that Can Swing Either Way
There are quite a few foods where you can easily vary the fat content. For example, use low- or- non-fat dairy products or lean cuts of meat to lower fat. Or you can vary the carb content with easy lower-carb substitutions, such as low-carb pasta alternatives
or artificial sweeteners. Cheesecakes
and custards are examples of both of these. More:
From Fiona Haynes, About.com's Guide to Low-Fat Cooking: |
Investigators previously determined climate models can replicate ocean warming observed during the latter half of the 20th century. They also found substantial variability in ocean heat content on yearly to decade-long time scales.
The latest study by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory scientists demonstrates | Investigators previously determined climate models can replicate ocean warming observed during the latter half of the 20th century. They also found substantial variability in ocean heat content on yearly to decade-long time scales.
The latest study by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory scientists demonstrates climate models represent such variability much more realistically than previously believed.
The researchers said their study casts doubt on recent findings that the top 2,300 feet of the global ocean cooled markedly from 2003 to 2005.
"Our analysis shows the 2003-2005 'cooling' is largely an artifact of a systematic change in the observing system," said Krishna AchutaRao, a former Livermore scientist now at the Indian Institute of Technology. "The previous research was based on looking at the combined ocean temperature observations from several different instrument types, which collectively appear to have a cooling effect. But if you look at the observational instruments individually, there is no cooling."
The study appears in the early online edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
NBC reportedly holds celebs hostage to Jimmy Fallon's show
Boston schools pull out free condoms over wrapping complaints |
Plagiarism is the act of using some other person’s conditions or guidelines and then not giving him any due credit rating. Whenever you are copying a single sentence within a report or a simple essay without properly quoting the resource, this is plagiar | Plagiarism is the act of using some other person’s conditions or guidelines and then not giving him any due credit rating. Whenever you are copying a single sentence within a report or a simple essay without properly quoting the resource, this is plagiarizing. It isn’t just restricted to an individual. Even renowned authors and your college teacher might be involved in doing this and then claiming it to be their own work. This is the reason the universities and colleges have make it compulsory to check all the research papers and assignments for plagiarism.
No person’s knowledge is so vast that he can check a single essay for plagiarism. Neither can a person have the knowledge of all the material written hitherto. It is just impossible because human mind cannot be that vast when it comes to memorizing. In order to overcome this shortcoming, man came up with software such as Duplichecker and Copyscape that are online plagiarism checkers. This software just needs to be fed with the information and they will list down all the copied and plagiarized material just in a matter of few seconds. Such is the advantage of these online plagiarism checkers.
Whenever you are writing an article there are certain rules that you must follow in order to write an effective article. Even if you are writing a blog, content for some website or an article for your client, you will notice that ‘plagiarism free’ is one major point mentioned in the requirements. So, you see plagiarism is one serious matter you should concentrate on. And for that the best solution is plagiarism tool or checker software you can utilize to make sure that your articles and content is not plagiarized. The best thing is that most of the plagiarism tools are free.
Using a good plagiarism tool is must in order to ensure the originality of your work. Remember that plagiarism is not just about copying someone else’s work but it is also the act of stealing or borrowing the ideas of others. People these days do not really take care of copyrights on the works and thus get involved in the act of plagiarism. There are two possible things that you can do about it. One thing is to cite the resources and the other thing you can do is to use the plagiarism and delete all the copied content. |
A new iBook version of Steinbeck’s classic novel with video and other elements to enhance the classroom discussion experience. Reviewed by Daryl Grabarek, editor of Touch and Go, an online column of School Library Journal.
When asked why he | A new iBook version of Steinbeck’s classic novel with video and other elements to enhance the classroom discussion experience. Reviewed by Daryl Grabarek, editor of Touch and Go, an online column of School Library Journal.
When asked why he studies John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men with his students, Matthew Kalafat responds, “it gets kids thinking—critically,” and notes that the debates that follow allow his 8th graders to become “more confident, more engaged readers.” Both Kalafat and Derrick Nelson are educators featured in Penguin’s recently released Of Mice and Men: Teacher’s Deluxe Edition ($11.99; Gr 8 Up), available on a variety of electronic devices. Along with video commentary from the two, the iBook contains the full text of Steinbeck’s novel, a lengthy introduction by Susan Shillinglaw; the Robert Burns’s poem from which the book title derives (“To a Mouse, On Turning Her up in Her Nest with the Plough, November 1785,”); and the text of Steinbeck’s Nobel Prize acceptance speech.
Lists of discussion questions on topics ranging from “the American Dream” to “Fate” are included and paired with brief video responses by students. The questions and the videos emerged from a collaboration between two schools separated by four miles, but, as one of the educators commented, “might as well be 4,000 miles apart—there’s not much interaction” between these kids. Kalafat and Nelson also describe other aspects of the project from heated wiki conversations to meetings to discuss the classic in person. |
A mother, concerned for some time about her 4-year-old son's effeminate mannerisms, lack of male playmates, and interest in Barbie dolls, finally decides to ask the pediatrician if these are signs of a problem. She | A mother, concerned for some time about her 4-year-old son's effeminate mannerisms, lack of male playmates, and interest in Barbie dolls, finally decides to ask the pediatrician if these are signs of a problem. She is particularly worried that her husband has become increasingly upset and alienated from their son.
The pediatrician is reassuring: "This is just a phase nothing to worry about. He will grow out of it." Unfortunately, the pediatrician is probably wrong. Gender identity problems, including cross-dressing, exclusive cross-gender play, and a lack of same-sex friends should be treated as a symptom that something may be very wrong. Boys who exhibit such symptoms before they enter school are more likely: to be unhappy, lonely and isolated in elementary school; to suffer from separation anxiety, depression, and behavior proble |
Two centuries ago, some Americans believed that an anti-fogmatic, a dose of spirituous liquor, would relieve the unhealthy effects of damp and rain. A dram before breakfast was said to counteract the figurative or literal fog of the early | Two centuries ago, some Americans believed that an anti-fogmatic, a dose of spirituous liquor, would relieve the unhealthy effects of damp and rain. A dram before breakfast was said to counteract the figurative or literal fog of the early day, hence its name. It was even supposedly recommended by physicians:
Its great utility in preserving the planters from the effects of the damp and unwholsome air of the morning, has given it the medical name of an Antifogmatick.
The Massachusetts Spy, or the Worcester Gazette, 12 Nov. 1789.
The writer of a letter in 1812 to the delightfully named New York magazine, the Halcyon Luminary and Theological Repository, was critical of any possible medical advantages:
Some of my neighbors were in the practice of taking a morning dram, well known in the lower counties of Virginia, by the term anti-fogmatic, but I perceived that this did not charm away disease from their houses, though its effect on their rationality was evidently injurious.
Much similarly sarcastic writing was directed at its ingestion, though a book of 1825 that claim |
1: Another word for a friend acting dumb or retarded.
2: SPECIAL EDUCATION + BOY : Special education is the education of students with special needs in a way that addresses the students' individual differences and needs. Ideally, this process involves | 1: Another word for a friend acting dumb or retarded.
2: SPECIAL EDUCATION + BOY : Special education is the education of students with special needs in a way that addresses the students' individual differences and needs. Ideally, this process involves the individually planned and systematically monitored arrangement of teaching procedures, adapted equipment and materials, accessible settings, and other interventions designed to help learners with special needs achieve a higher level of personal self-sufficiency and success in school and community than would be available if the student were only given access to a typical classroom education.
Common special needs include learning disability, communication challenges, emotional and behavioral disorders, physical disabilities, and developmental disabilities.1 Students with these kinds of disabilities are likely to benefit from additional educational services, different approaches to teaching, and use of technology.
Friend 2: Goodluck with that SPEDBOY! |
Acts of Parliament (Commencement) Act 1793
|Long title||An Act to prevent Acts of Parliament from taking effect from a Time prior to the passing thereof.|
|Chapter||33 Geo. 3 c. 13 | Acts of Parliament (Commencement) Act 1793
|Long title||An Act to prevent Acts of Parliament from taking effect from a Time prior to the passing thereof.|
|Chapter||33 Geo. 3 c. 13|
|Territorial extent||England and Wales, Scotland|
|Revised text of statute as amended|
The Acts of Parliament (Commencement) Act 1793 (33 Geo. 3 c. 13) was an Act of the Parliament of the Kingdom of Great Britain which provided that Acts of Parliament would come into force on the date on which they received royal assent, unless they specified some other date, instead of the first day of the session in which they were passed.
Commencement of Acts of Parliament prior to this A |
Academic journal article
By Ward, Kerry
The International Journal of African Historical Studies, Vol. 40, No. 1
Gender and Slave Emancipation in the Atlantic World. Edited by Pamela Scully and Diana Paton. | Academic journal article
By Ward, Kerry
The International Journal of African Historical Studies, Vol. 40, No. 1
Gender and Slave Emancipation in the Atlantic World. Edited by Pamela Scully and Diana Paton. Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2005. Pp. ix, 376; 2 maps. $84.95 cloth, $23.95 paper.
From the moment readers pick up Gender and Slave Emancipation in the Atlantic World, they are introduced to some of its main themes. The visually striking cover illustration and design are perfectly appropriate for the editors' major premises that "gender was central to slave emancipation and to the making of the nineteenth-century Atlantic world" (p. 1) and thaf'lgjender both helped construct and was itself constructed through class and racial categories" (p. 2).
Pamela Scully and Diana Paton's introductory essay "Gender and Slave Emancipation in Comparative Perspective" therefore goes further than merely examining the gendered experiences of emancipation, exploring how gender was constructed by the social transformation wrought by the end of slavery. This perspective implies more than focusing attention on the experiences of slave women in defining their freedom. Men and women fought to define their gender roles particularly in terms of the creation of families, which further implied the struggle of men to assert their authority over women and children as heads of households. Although arguing for how a multiplicity of Atlantic Worlds decenters the American-Europe nexus is hardly new, the essays in this volume collectively show how very different historical contexts can together underscore common experiences of struggles over appropriate feminine and masculine roles, family formation, household labor practices, and participation in the public sphere. Stressing that the period of emancipation stretched over a century from the revolutionary transformation of Haiti to the much more gradual end of slavery in the French colonies in West Africa, Paton and Scully point out that there were further intermediate struggles for partial freedoms before emancipation and more struggles to define and claim the freedom promised after the official end of slavery in various colonies and states. The tensions around expectations of emancipation for state officials, slave owners, freed people, abolitionists, and missionaries all played themselves out in struggles over what were considered the rights and obligations of the men and women, categorized further by race and class, who were members of these social groups.
The collection contains the introduction by Paton and Scully, fourteen chapters, and a very useful bibliographic essay written by Paton. The editors have ordered the chapters into three thematic sections: Pan I "Men, Women, and Citizens"; Part II "Families, Land, and Labor"; and Part III "The Public Sphere in the Age of Emancipation." This choice of themes helps the reader digest the range of case studies offered and they can be read fruitfully in many different combinations. Most obviously, each chapter focuses on a specific geographical region. Seven cover the Caribbean, three the United States, and two each for Brazil and Africa. The thematic division of the chapters helps to mitigate the obvious concentration on the Caribbean. The introduction by Paton and Scullythe only comparative essay of the collection-elegantly weaves the chapters into a coherent narrative form that makes sensible the choice of placement into the broader sections.
One way to read across the sections is to examine a theme common to many of the chapters, the role of children in the process of emancipation. It is well known that slave women experienced not only sexual exploitation but also the added burden of bearing children who were slaves and therefore themselves experienced exploitation from a young age through the absence of parental care, claims to labor, and sexual abuse. The gendering of emancipation was foremost experienced through the withdrawal of women's labor as a strategy for their own and their children's protection through the reconstitution of families. … |
Advantages of Traditional Oriental Medicine
The most important feature of TCM is it's ability to recognize illnesses during their development and prior to their manifestions disrupting the person's health. Thousands of years of observing the behavior of Qi combined with defining illness | Advantages of Traditional Oriental Medicine
The most important feature of TCM is it's ability to recognize illnesses during their development and prior to their manifestions disrupting the person's health. Thousands of years of observing the behavior of Qi combined with defining illness by comparison to health is what makes the things in the list below possible.
- Very early detection of relapse symptoms.
- Preventive treatment can be given.
- Doesn't conflict with western medicine treatment.
- Is unconcerned with morality or blame.
- Treats the entire range of human illness.
- Treatment is tailored to the needs of each patient.
- Supports or enables Detox via use of NADA.
- Strong support at any point in the course of the disease. From detox through abstinence to relapse to maintenance of abstinence.
- Long-term change begins upon administration of treatment.
- Ramp-up period for psychiatric medications can be covered by herbal medicine.
- Chinese herbal medicine has an extremely low profile of side effects.
- Family members can also be treated directly. Their relief not only helps to preserve a family, it helps change the family's interactions.
I know this page needs more development and it will get it. Sugestions & Questions are welcome. |
Now experts at Newcastle University have taken ‘upcycling’ to a whole new level by creating a café entirely from waste.
Using everything from plastic drink bottles to cardboard boxes, a team of engineers, architects and social scientists have spent three months creating | Now experts at Newcastle University have taken ‘upcycling’ to a whole new level by creating a café entirely from waste.
Using everything from plastic drink bottles to cardboard boxes, a team of engineers, architects and social scientists have spent three months creating a café where everything except the coffee is recycled.
Designed to challenge our perception of waste as well as explore new ways of creating sustainable buildings, the new pop-up café is the brainchild of civil engineers Professor Stephanie Glendinning and Dr Mark Powell and Director of Architecture Graham Farmer.
“Upcycling is about taking material that would normally be considered waste and turning it into something of value,” explains Dr Powell. “The question is how do we encourage people to think and behave differently towards food and product packaging?
“It’s already happening in areas such as the fashion industry but we wanted to see if we could take it up a scale and use what we would normally throw away to create a sustainable structure which not only raises awareness but also triggers discussion and motivates change.
“In other words,” adds Mr Farmer, “ |
Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus (121–180) was one of the most well known Roman Emperors, holding power from 161 to his death in 180. He was the last of the "Five Good Emperors", | Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus (121–180) was one of the most well known Roman Emperors, holding power from 161 to his death in 180. He was the last of the "Five Good Emperors", and is also considered one of the most important Stoic philosophers.
His tenure was marked by wars in Asia against a revitalized Parthian Empire, and with Germanic tribes into Gaul and across the Danube River. Marcus Aurelius' work Meditations, written in Greek while on campaign between 170 and 180, is still revered as a literary monument to a government of service and duty.
During his campaign against the Germanic tribes, the Emperor Marcus Aurelius expelled the tribes people which for some time occupied the frontier city of Carnuntum, and for several weeks afterwards had his headquarters there. In that time, the Emperor's aide drew his attention to the remarkable case of a local woman tavern-keeper who complained of having been raped by a Roman soldier during the restoration of Imperial rule to the city (after having successfully avoided molestation by the Germanic invaders during their occupation). The woman set her demand for compensations in writing, presenting cogent legal arguments and showing a considerable grasp of the principles of jurisprudence. This was highly unusual for a woman in the Roman society - and a provincial woman, at that - where practice of the law was a strict male preserve. The Emperor, like his aide, found it very interesting and held a long personal conversation with her.
Marcus Aurelius could not know, of course, that in fact the woman was a traveler from the future and that in her own society women could and did practice as lawyers. He informed her that under Roman law the government was not legally liable for the misdeeds of its civilian or military employees. Nevertheless, he was impressed enough by her demeanor to give her a generous compensation from his private purse, though careful to do it in a way which would not create a general precedent.
In Nicole Gunther's opinion, Marcus Aurelius was better leader of people than most politicians of her century. At the start of her meeting, Gunther expected to despise the Emperor for having dictatorial powers but found herself respecting him for being responsible and genuinely caring for the people he led. |
Nancy H. Hopkins
Nancy H. Hopkins
"Our laboratory uses zebrafish to study the genes essential for early development, longevity and predisposition to cancer. We have developed a powerful technique for generating and screening novel mutations in these | Nancy H. Hopkins
Nancy H. Hopkins
"Our laboratory uses zebrafish to study the genes essential for early development, longevity and predisposition to cancer. We have developed a powerful technique for generating and screening novel mutations in these organisms, from which we have isolated mutations in approximately 400 genes. We are focusing on mutants with defects in genes required for cell cycle and organ growth and genes that predispose to cancer. We are pursuing the mechanism of action of the novel tumor suppressor genes we have identified to date."
Dr. Hopkins is an Amgen professor of biology at MIT, appointed to encourage research and education in the life sciences. She is an alumna of Radcliffe College and earned a Ph.D. from the Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry at Harvard University in 1971. Professor Hopkins joined MIT in 1973 as an assistant professor at the Center for Cancer Research. Her work has helped to identify the role genes play in longevity and cancer predisposition in adult fish. Dr. Hopkins chaired the committee that wrote the 1999 Report on the Status of Women Faculty in the School of Science at MIT and she is a contributing author to Becoming MIT: Moments of Decision, a joint project of MIT150 and the MIT Press, edited by MIT professor David Kaiser.
Large-scale forward genetic screens are a powerful approach to identifying the genetic basis of developmental processes. Such screens, first applied to invertebrate animals, have also been used in vertebrates, including zebrafish and mice. Forward screens are particularly suitable in the fish. This is because it is possible to breed and maintain large numbers of zebrafish in the lab, and because early developmental mutations are easy to identify in fish embryos since embryos develop outside the mother and are transparent for the first week of life
Most genetic screens in zebrafish employed chemical mutagens or radiation to induce mutations. However, cloning genes mutated by these agents is tedious. Thus. Some years ago, our lab developed a method of insertional mutagenesis for the zebrafish using mouse retroviral vectors. Retroviruses are excellent mutagens since when they infect cells, a DNA copy of their genome is inserted into the host cell genome at many different locations. If the DNA insertion occurs in a gene and disrupts it, the viral DNA serves as a tag for cloning the mutated gene. We found that mouse retroviral vectors can infect the fish germ line efficiently, proviral insertions are mutagenic, and the mutated genes can be cloned very rapidly using the viral tag. Using this technology, we carried out a large screen and identified mutants with developmental defects visible by 5 days post fertilization. By this time fish are already free-swimming larvae. Most mutations we identified are embryonic or larval lethals. About 1/3 of the mutants have relatively specific phenotypes, while about 2/3 have less specific defects that involve many cells in the embryo. The latter often result from mutations in genes required for cell viability, the former from genes required for the patterning, differentiation, or growth of specific organs and structures.
We isolated ~550 mutants, which lay in about ~400 different genes. We cloned the genes mutated in 375 of the mutants, and these included lesions in 275 different genes. Almost all the genes have human homologues. This mutant collection includes at least 25% of the genes that are genetically essential for development of the 5-day old fish. Thus there are only about 1600 embryonic and early larval lethal genes in zebrafish.
To identify genes that play essential roles in specific aspects of development we and other labs re-screened (called "shelf-screening") our mutant collection using specific assays. Specific screens in our lab included those for mutants with cystic kidneys, those with defects in development of the jaw and cartilage, hair cell function and lateral line, those with defects in forebrain patterning, cell cycle, nuclear coded mitochondrial genes, and liver growth. Each screen yielded between a few up to 20 genes. In the case of kidney, the genes that were identified corresponded to some for human cystic kidney. Other labs have screened the collection to identify genes essential for about 20 other developmental processes.
In the course of maintaining the mutants, we noted that some lines display early mortality and develop tumors as heterozygous adults. We analyzed tumor spectrum and frequency in the colony as a whole. This allowed us to identify a set of lines that define a novel class of haploinsufficient tumor suppressor genes. These turned out to be genes that encode ribosomal proteins. Interestingly, the tumors they cause (malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, MPNST) and the latent period are the same as those caused in fish by mutations in the well-known tumor suppressor gene, p53. We have continued to study the mechanisms by which mutations in ribosomal protein genes predispose fish to cancer.
We found that fish MPNSTs, like human MPNST and many other human tumors, are highly aneuploid. Furthermore, the number of chromosomes varies from cell to cell within a single tumor. Certain chromosomes are preferentially over or under-represented within each tumor and the preferences are shared by many |
Parental guide to discipline for middle childhoodPresentation Transcript
Parental Guide to Discipline for Middle Childhood: Six to Eleven years old By: Megan Durbin
What is discipline? Training and/or teaching children to act in accordance with rules Helping children to | Parental guide to discipline for middle childhoodPresentation Transcript
Parental Guide to Discipline for Middle Childhood: Six to Eleven years old By: Megan Durbin
What is discipline? Training and/or teaching children to act in accordance with rules Helping children to learn the proper way to get along with others Permitting children to make their own mistakes and experience the consequences of those choices
Developmental Stage of Discipline for Six to Eleven Year Olds By the time children reach school, they are able to comprehend and understand the reasons for rules. During this time, they are learning self-control and enhancing their own sense of responsibility. The idea of equality is still complex to this age group
Effective Discipline Strategies Use language to help solve problems – The first step towards disciplining your child is to establish straightforward rules. When a child misbehaves make sure they express their feelings and thoughts in words, rather than actions. This will help your children to understand their own behavior and the behavior of others. Natural Consequences – Through this idea, children are able to learn from their own mistakes. For example, if a child forgot his/her vocabulary list at school and the quiz is tomorrow, the child will learn to face the consequences and to plan ahead in the future.
Effective Discipline Strategies Logical Consequences – Parents must set forth certain rules and consequences at appropriate times. For example, if a parent tells her nine year old daughter to clean her room and she does not follow through then a certain activity will be taken away. Parents must be firm and consistent when implementing these rules. Also, parents should not overreact during these situations.
Effective Discipline Strategies Rewards – Through the use of positive reinforcement, parents can reward children with praise and attention when they follow rules and are behaving in an appropriate way. Rewards can be give in tangible objects such as stickers, prizes, etc. Verbal rewards are very successful as well. Motivating factors such as a special trip or extra play time are seen as excellent rewards.
Effective Discipline Strategies Time-Out – This is an effective way to treat problem behavior throughout early and middle childhood. Certain steps need to be followed in this process. 1. Make sure to set rules ahead of time 2. Pick a particular time-out spot 3. Begin the time-out 4. Set a time limit 5. Make sure the child has calmed down 6. Let child go back to original activity
Effective Discipline Strategies Ignoring –This is a successful tool in decreasing problem behavior. This effortless action allows for the children to understand that he/she will not receive attention for this particular behavior. Many parents often tell their child to stop performing a certain act, which results in attention and an increase in the problem behavior.
How Parents Can Improve The Effectiveness of Discipline Discipline must be kept within your child’s age and developmental level Always think before you speak Be consistent with your child Remember the purpose of discipline is to help children learn to do what is right because they have the independence to make that choice, not because they are worried about punishment Pay attention to your child’s feelings
Styles of Discipline Permissive 1. Not very many rules 2. Let children do as they wish Moderate 1. Parents set limits, but let the children make there own choices 2. Natural and logical consequences are present in this discipline 3. Parent have a firm hand on their children, but use warmth, kindness and love to express feelings. Strict 1. Parents use physical punishment 2. Obedience is the only way 3. Parents do not clarify reason behind the demand
Studies on Moderate Style of Discipline Recent studies support that the moderate style of discipline is most effective with children versus a parent who is overly permissive or overly strict. Parents who raise their children using a moderate style of discipline have more self-assurance, more responsibility and a drive to explore the world.
Evaluated Your Personal Style of Discipline Questions to ask yourself: How do I usually discipline? In the past, how did I react when problem behavior came about? Am I overly permissive or over demanding? How does my child’s feelings change when I change my style of discipline?
Why Spanking Should Not Be The Top Choice Spanking does not eliminate the behavior, even though at first it appears that way Spanking increases aggression and anger Parents often overreact when they spank their child and will later regret their decision Spanking can lead to greater problems, such as physical struggles or cause harm to the child
Cartoon of Modern Discipline http://www.funnytimes.com/playground/gallery.php?tag=discipline
References Discipling your child. (n.d.). Retrieved from www.healthychildren.org Gurian, Ph.D, A, & Goodman, Ph.D, R. (n.d.). About discipline - helping children develop self-control. Retrieved from www.aboutourkids.org Malley, C. (n.d.). Effective discipline for young children. Retrieved from www.nncc.org Telep, V. (n.d.). Discipline for young children. Retrieved from http://pubs.ext.vt.edu |
In his 2001 article, Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants: A New Way to Look at Ourselves and Our Kids, Marc Prensky describes digital natives. He says, ‘Our students today are all “native speakers” | In his 2001 article, Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants: A New Way to Look at Ourselves and Our Kids, Marc Prensky describes digital natives. He says, ‘Our students today are all “native speakers” of the digital language of computers, video games and the Internet.’ Prensky provides some other characteristics:
Digital Natives are used to receiving information really fast. They like to parallel process and multi-task. They prefer their graphics before their text rather than the opposite. They prefer random access (like hypertext). They function best when networked. They thrive on instant gratification and frequent rewards. They prefer games to “serious” work.
This slide show from PEW puts the concept of digital natives, born in 1990, in a historical context.
Prensky labels older people as digital immigrants and states that “our Digital Immigrant instructors, who speak an outdated language (that of the pre-digital age), are struggling to teach a population that speaks an e |
Bernard Vonnegut photograph, 1884
Bernard Vonnegut (1855-1908) was a German-American architect who joined with Arthur Bohn in 1888 to form the architectural firm of Vonneg | Bernard Vonnegut photograph, 1884
Bernard Vonnegut (1855-1908) was a German-American architect who joined with Arthur Bohn in 1888 to form the architectural firm of Vonnegut & Bohn. Some of the famous buildings they designed in Indianapolis are the Herron Art Institute, Shortridge High School, and the Athenaeum (formerly called The German House or "Das Deutsche Haus"). Bernard Vonnegut also taught drafting and descriptive geometry to students at the Industrial Training School, a public trade school that was started by the Freethinkers. Bernard Vonnegut's father was Clemens Vonnegut, Sr., the founder of the Vonnegut Hardware Company and one of the most p |
January 23, 2013 – Invasive northern pike in southcentral Alaska are opportunistic and adaptable predators that feed on multiple native fish species when their preferred prey, native salmonids, are no longer abundant, according to a new study | January 23, 2013 – Invasive northern pike in southcentral Alaska are opportunistic and adaptable predators that feed on multiple native fish species when their preferred prey, native salmonids, are no longer abundant, according to a new study released in Ecology of Freshwater Fish.
In the study, scientists with the U.S. Geological Survey's Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game describe the importance of salmonids and other native fish species to pike diets in the Susitna River basin of Alaska. As a result, this invasive predator can continue to thrive while impacting native species.
"In southcentral Alaska, outside of the native range of the northern pike, fish have no natural defenses to these voracious predators, making them 'easy pickins' once the northern pike was introduced," said USGS Director Marcia McNutt. "The consequences of this unfortunate act may not end with the salmon, but could cascade to other portions of affected ecosystems and the human economy."
The economic and cultural costs of salmonid declines are considerable, as are the severe ecological consequences because these fish are a key food source for numerous species throughout Alaska.
"We sampled 274 pike in a stream where salmon are still abundant and we found over 600 salmon in the stomachs of these pike. Several of the pike had greater than 20 juvenile salmon in their stomachs." said Adam Sepulveda, USGS scientist and lead author of the study.
Researchers observed that pike preferred juvenile salmonids, but will feed on other native fish species such as lamprey and sculpin when salmonids are less abundant. In addition, the study found that smaller pike are the primary predators of native salmonids, indicating that tools that are effective at suppressing smaller pike, in addition to l |
These Education Free Verse poems are examples of Free Verse poems about Education. These are the best examples of Education Free Verse poems written by international PoetrySoup poets
Somebody keeps pulling on the rope to swing the bells
Don't touch it. Don | These Education Free Verse poems are examples of Free Verse poems about Education. These are the best examples of Education Free Verse poems written by international PoetrySoup poets
Somebody keeps pulling on the rope to swing the bells
Don't touch it. Don't say it. Don't do it. Don't doubt it. Don't think.
Somebody handcuffs my steps. Somebody determines my boundaries.
Before I fully understand free will, there is a slap on my head
and phosphenes like stars that command my orbit.
Before I can recognize differences, there is a slap on my hand
right hand, not left hand...never ambidextrous;
and time out is isolation without a trial...and I learn
the fear of wrongdoing
remote-controlling my existence,
conditional on demand, predesigned
An aborted freedom escaping into the sewer
trying not to get it on the seat
I'm the observer of other lives, not mine
tied up and chained, in captivity
attempting to prove an alibi
for being alive.
No one cares
not even myself
Somebody pulls on the rope to swing the bells
It's dirty. It's ugly. It's bad. It's poo. It's sin.
commitments, commandments... Commandments, Commitments
Sometimes deception makes them ring in a low tone. Sometimes
I do what they say, and not what they do, and not what I want, and not what I think.
Through fragments of this duplicity,
and this duplicity,
I would be able to rebuild myself,
and Myself, into another hypocritical being;
and the intentional perversion of the self proclaimed truth,
or the liar paradox,
will be sovereign
leading to the use of tricks and cotton swabs.
When the remorseless hours run counterclockwise,
I would be happy through imaginary experiences,
consistently believed to be true.
Would I dare to examine the society in which I've been educated and raised?
Would I dare rip my skin...my flesh off of my bones?
How could I blame them? How could I possibly judge them?
Order and obedience in confabulation...in conspiracy...in complicity
If somebody keeps pulling on the rope to swing the bells
If I'm the only one guarding my own cell
If I'm the jailer, and the convict, and the crime.
He reads voraciously
to his young children,
beholden and somewhat bewildered
by sweet progeny
their relentless leaching of his words
hungry baby birds, small peep teachings
He reads sporadically
to his father, articles from the paper,
headlines and bylines,
for his dad has cataracts, now, and velum hands
shake newsprint, making a rattling sound
too like the quiver of their cloistered skeletons,
all those remains, all those remains
There is wisdom in comics, he has found,
bucolic rings so like old church bells
tutoring fields through fog
He still tries to read
shared history in eyes,
the geography of long sighs, that topography of belly,
yes, yes, a theology that spills from parted lips
bless each rumpled sheet, that chemistry
which repeats poetry, spoken in a dialect, so rare
He remembers reading an encyclopedia
in the face of a beggar, once,
the prophetical sparking from high brows
which seemed to be only crossed currents,
a lifetime recorded, an unbound edition, A through Z
but when he turned carefully to C,
he'd found a full entry on compassion
Soon, he'll no longer read music notes
through a soft blur, playing guitar for one
a thousand times more educated then he,
this twelve year old girl, her heart
an open lecture hall,
that smile of pure academia,
may she ever be an opus angelorum,
that reaches, will ever reach,
far past mere hospice walls.
dadgum doctors, heads up their butts
poking, prodding, pricking skin
neurologist a psychopath
gets pleasure as electric volts pass through my body
family doctor showed little concern
made me paranoid about irregular heartbeat
EKG faile |
Contract farming has significant benefits
Well-managed contract farming is an effective way to coordinate and promote production and marketing in agriculture. Nevertheless, it is essentially an agreement between unequal parties: companies, government bodies or individual entrepreneurs on the one hand and economically | Contract farming has significant benefits
Well-managed contract farming is an effective way to coordinate and promote production and marketing in agriculture. Nevertheless, it is essentially an agreement between unequal parties: companies, government bodies or individual entrepreneurs on the one hand and economically weaker farmers on the other. It is, however, an approach that can contribute to both increased income for farmers and higher profitability for sponsors.3 When efficiently organized and managed, contract farming reduces risk and uncertainty for both parties as compared to buying and selling crops on the open market.
Critics of contract farming tend to emphasize the inequality of the relationship and the stronger position of sponsors with respect to that of growers. Contract farming is viewed as essentially benefiting sponsors by enabling them to obtain cheap labour and to transfer risks to growers.4 However, this view contrasts with the increasing attention that contract farming is receiving in many countries, as evidence indicates that it represents a way of reducing uncertainty for both parties. Furthermore, it will inevitably prove difficult to maintain a relationship where benefits are unfairly distributed between sponsors and growers.
The advantages, disadvantages and problems arising from contract farming will vary according to the physical, social and market environments. More specifically, the distribution of risks will depend on such factors as the nature of the markets for both the raw material and the processed product, the availability of alternative earning opportunities for farmers, and the extent to which relevant technical information is provided to the contracted farmers.5 These factors are likely to change over time, as will the distribution of risks.
The prime advantage of a contractual agreement for farmers is that the sponsor will normally undertake to purchase all produce grown, within specified quality and quantity parameters. Contracts can also provide farmers with access to a wide range of managerial, technical and extension services that otherwise may be unobtainable. Farmers can use the contract agreement as collateral to arrange credit with a commercial bank in order to fund inputs. Thus, the main potential advantages for farmers are:
Many contractual arrangements involve considerable production support in addition to the supply of basic inputs such as seed and fertilizer. Sponsors may also provide land preparation, field cultivation and harvesting as well as free training and extension. This is primarily to ensure that proper crop husbandry practices are followed in order to achieve projected yields and required qualities. There is, however, a danger that such arrangements may lead to the farmer being little more than a labourer on his or her own land.
It is often difficult for small-scale farmers outside the contract-farming context to gain access to inputs. In Africa, in particular, fertilizer distribution arrangements have been disrupted by structural adjustment measures, with the private sector having yet to fill adequately the void created by the closure of parastatal agencies. In many countries a vicious circle has developed whereby the low demand for inputs provides no incentive for the development of commercial distribution networks and this, in turn, further adversely affects input availability and use. Contract farming can help to overcome many of these problems through bulk ordering by management.
The majority of smallholder producers experience difficulties in obtaining credit for production inputs. With the collapse or restructuring of many agricultural development banks and the closure of many export crop marketing boards (particularly in Africa), which in the past supplied farmers with inputs on credit, difficulties have increased rather than decreased.
Contract farming usually allows farmers access to some form of credit to finance production inputs. In most cases it is the sponsors who advance credit through their manag |
In the foreward Brown mentions
"several people have asked me if Hergé influenced the artwork in Louis Riel. I love Hergé -- his Tintin books have probably affected my drawing-style to some degree -- but my | In the foreward Brown mentions
"several people have asked me if Hergé influenced the artwork in Louis Riel. I love Hergé -- his Tintin books have probably affected my drawing-style to some degree -- but my main visual inspiration here was Harold Gray's work on Little Orphan Annie. I hesitate to acknowledge this because I'm well aware that my scratchings fall far short of the beauty of Gray's imagery."
I have to say that while I was reading the book I found many visual echoes of Gray's style, but rather than being distracting it enhanced the work. Like "Louis Riel", the Annie story lines focus on personal responsibility, pitching in with help when it's needed, and fighting for the underdog. The Tintin stories have some of these aspects, but he isn't usually the underdog in a fight.
Curiously, my son thought Louis Riel looked a lot like the Tintin artwork. I figured this was because he hadn't read "Little Orphan Annie," especially the earlier stories. So, here's a comparison of some panels from Chester Brown's work "Louis Riel," and some 1941 Sunday panels from Harold Gray's "Little Orphan Annie." (One more unintended similarity: their names are both colors.)
Both Gray and Brown use a lot of Chiaroscuro and cross-hatching to emphasize the characters. In the Sunday comics "Annie" was in color, while it ran in black and white in the dailies. Nev |
India in the 16th century presented a fragmented picture of rulers, both Muslim and Hindu, who lacked concern for their subjects and who failed to create a common body of laws or institutions. Outside developments also played a role in shaping events. The | India in the 16th century presented a fragmented picture of rulers, both Muslim and Hindu, who lacked concern for their subjects and who failed to create a common body of laws or institutions. Outside developments also played a role in shaping events. The circumnavigation of Africa by the Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama in 1498 allowed Europeans to challenge Arab control of the trading routes between Europe and Asia. In Central Asia and Afghanistan, shifts in power pushed Babur of Ferghana (in present-day Uzbekistan) southward, first to Kabul and then to India. The dynasty he founded endured for more than three centuries.
Babur of Ferghana
Claiming descent from both Genghis Khan and Timur, Babur combined strength and courage with a love of beauty, and military ability with cultivation. Babur concentrated on gaining control of northwestern India. He did so in 1526 by defeating the last Lodhi sultan at the First battle of Panipat, a town north of Delhi. Babur then turned to the tasks of persuading his Central Asian followers to stay on in India and of overcoming other contenders for power, mainly the Rajputs and the Afghans. He succeeded in both tasks but died shortly thereafter in 1530. The Mughal Empire was one of the largest centralized states in premodern history and was the precursor to the British Indian Empire.
The perennial question of who was the greatest of the six "Great Mughals" receives varying answers in present-day Pakistan and India. Some favour Babur the pioneer and others his great-grandson, Shah Jahan (r. 1628-58), builder of the Taj Mahal and other magnificent buildings. The other two towering figures of the era by general consensus were Akbar (r. 1556-1605) and Aurangzeb (r. 1658-1707). Both rulers expanded the empire greatly and were able administrators. However, Akbar was known for his religious tolerance and administrative genius, whereas Aurangzeb was a zealous ruler and fierce proselytizer of orthodox Islam across the heterodox Indian landscape.
The Fugitive King: Humayun
(1508-1556) Babur’s favorite son Humayun took the reins of the empire after his father succumbed to disease at the young age of forty-seven. However, he lacked his father’s craftiness and athleticism. Though he could be a formidable warrior when he chose to be, he was more laid back and indolent. He also was addicted to opium and depended on it for solace much more than a king with insecure borders should indulge in. He also made the mistake of trusting his three brothers, which served as a lesson to future Mughal rulers, who would not repeat this folly. Humayun made his brother Prince Kamran the regent in Kabul, who quickly added Panjab under his control. Humayun, appearing to be weak, did not object and this emboldened his two other brothers, Askari and Hindal to seek more independence.
Humayun’s first campaign was to confront a Sher Khan Sur, an Afghan, who was quietly expanding his territory in the east. Half way through the counter offensive Humayun had to abandon it and concentrate on Gujarat, where a threat from Ahmed Shah had to be squelched. In this he succeeded and annexed Gujarat and Malwa. Champaner and the great fort of Mandu followed next. Following this great triumph, Humayun made another tactical error in installing his brother Prince Askari in Ahmadabad instead of the defeated Ahmed Shah as a feudatory. To savor his victory, Humayun celebrated in Mandu fort for many months, binging on opium and spending too much time in the company of his favourites. When he finally headed home to Agra, he found his brother Askari at his doorstep making a serious bid for the throne. Though his older brother thwarted this effort, Askari was pardoned, which only exhibited royal weakness to his loyal subjects.
Humayun again fell into one of his many periods of laziness and lassitude and resorted to his pipe and playmates. All this time he also neglected to confront Sher Khan Sur, who was gathering land and feudatories in the east. As an administrator Sher Khan was far superior to Humayun. In 1539, Humayun and Sher Khan met in battle in Chausa, between Varanasi and Patna. Humayun barely escaped with his own life and in the next year, in 1540, his army of 40,000 lost to the Afghan army of 15,000 of Sher Khan. Humayun’s brothers refused to help him and he found himself a fugitive in Rajastan and Sindh.
Finally, the Shah of Iran, Shah Tamasp, gave him refuge in Persia. Of course, Humayun put his famous diamond to full diplomatic use because Shah Tamasp was a lover of diamonds. Koh-I-Noor, would serve as the bribe that the Shah Tamasp needed to support Humayun with a large Persian military offensive on Sher Khan Sur in 1544. Humayun found fraternal opposition again in Kandahar, where he was stalled for eight years but eventually won back Afghanistan.
Sher Khan had now become the monarch in Delhi under the name Sher Shah Sur and ruled from 1540 to 1545. He consolidated his kingdom form Panjab to Bengal (first one to enter Bengal after Ala-ud-din Khilji did more than two centuries earlier). But Sher Shah died in an accidental explosion of gunpowder during an offensive in Kalinjar. A superb administrator, he was credited to have organized the government and military in such a way that future Mughal kings used it as their own models. He also added to the fort in Delhi (supposed site of Indraprastha), first started by Humayun, and now called the Purana Qila or the old fort. He built the mosque Qila-I-Kuhna there that was a masterpiece of the period, though only parts of it have survived.
The charred remains of Sher Shah were taken to a tomb in Sahasaram, midway between Varanasi and Gaya. Although rarely visited, it is another glori |
The ocean is our global heat reservoir and one of two major carbon dioxide sinks. If you agree that humans are trapping heat and carbon dioxide in the planet's atmosphere - and 53 years of rigorous observations at Scripps and other research institutions show that | The ocean is our global heat reservoir and one of two major carbon dioxide sinks. If you agree that humans are trapping heat and carbon dioxide in the planet's atmosphere - and 53 years of rigorous observations at Scripps and other research institutions show that we are - then the ocean must be at the very center of the climate discussion. But it rarely is.
Consider Cancun: The negotiation text presented at the outset of the climate conference contained exactly one passing reference to the oceans, submerged in a Mariana Trench of footnotes.
Our stubborn addiction to burning coal, oil and natural gas is changing not only the composition of the atmosphere but the composition of the ocean as well. The carbon dioxide those fuels pour into the air inexorably dissolves into the oceans, causing a process known as ocean acidification. The oceans have absorbed 30 percent of the carbon dioxide that humans have ever produced, and they continue to absorb more each year.
This force-feeding has changed ocean chemistry. As carbon dioxide is added to the ocean, it increases the amounts of dissolved hydrogen-carbonate ions and hydrogen ions (and hence acidity) but decreases the amount of carbonate ions. By the end of the century, acidity will probably double from today's levels, unless we stop pouring carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
The increasingly scarce carbonate ions are the very ones marine invertebrates combine with calcium ions to make their shells. Ocean acidification has been likened to an accelerated case of osteoporosis that afflicts creatures such as massive coral reefs and pteropods - tiny snails that are a key food of commercially important fish. There is also evidence that increasing acidity disrupts the juvenile development of a variety of marine organisms, including clownfish and krill. Marine organisms are wonderfully suited to adapt to changes in seawater chemistry, but never before in history have they been asked to do this so quickly.
Marine scientists in various countries, including China, Germany and the United States, are engaged in a variety of national research programs focusing on the important biological impacts of ocean acidification. We need to document which fisheries, coral reefs and marine ecosystems will be affected first, and how long they might take to recover (if at all). That takes time, but don't be fooled by the pat response: "We need more research first." We know enough to act now.
Last month, the Environmental Protection Agency issued a memorandum encouraging coastal states to start developing assessment methods for evaluating marine waters based on ocean acidification. But assessment is not enough.
Nor should we think we can rely on innovation and geo-engineering to stop acidification. Some have suggested sunshades for the Earth, but that will neither repair the oceans' chemistry nor reverse the changes that have occurred thus far, let alone protect against our continuing release of carbon dioxide. Another suggested antidote - deliberately modifying the oceans' microbial cycles of carbon and oxygen so as to interrupt acidification and allow us to continue our current fossil fuel addiction - would be an act of hubris and desperation. We have a clear and attainable alternative: making electricity without releasing carbon dioxide.
Our oceans serve as the primary source of protein for a billion people. We use them for transport, recreation, vacation and inspiration. Microbes in the oceans make 50 percent of the oxygen we breathe, as well as omega-3 fatty acids that make their way into our food and help us stay healthy. Their waves and winds may soon help us create clean energy. And yet we load them full of trash, tolerate catastrophic oil spills and ignore the impact on them of climate change and carbon dioxide waste.
It is time we paid respect to this great communal resource and stopped using it as a dump. It's time we put oceans front and center in the political climate debate. And it's past time we stopped pouring carbon dioxide into our air and seas.
ABOUT THE WRITERS
Tony Haymet and Andrew Dickson are professors at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego, in La Jolla. They wrote this for the Los Angeles Times. |
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- In the 19th Century
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Santa Cruz County History - Making a Living
Mineral Survey of Santa Cruz County - Stone Industry (Crushed Rock, Sand and Gravel)
by C. McK. Laizure
Prepared by C. McK. Laizure,
Mining Engineer of the California State Mining Bureau
Except at the plant of the Pacific Limestone Co., where a small tonnage of a siliceous dike rock is sorted out for macadam and concrete, there are no commercial rock-crushing plants within the county; also at the Miller Quarry (see under Lime and Limestone) a small amount of limestone is crushed for macadam and concrete. The latter output is used by the owner on road and street contract work. There is but a single producer of washed and sized sand and gravel; all other material of this kind produced being 'bank run'.
Roach Sand and Gravel Plant
Owner E. S. Roach, 67 Peyton street. Santa Cruz. This plant is situated on the east bank of San Lorenzo River just north of Soquel avenue bridge in Santa Cruz. The property contains 1 1/3; acres. Sand and gravel are recovered from the stream bed by pumping. An 8-inch Byron Jackson centrifugal pump, with 20-foot suction pipe mounted on a barge anchored in the stream, pumps the material against a 40-foot head to a trommel screen at the top of the plant. The pump discharge-line is 8 inches in diameter and at the present time the point of discharge is 450 feet from the barge. The pump is driven by a 75-h.p. electric motor and delivers 1800 to 2000 gallons of water, sand and gravel per minute. Another 15-h.p. motor drives the revolving screens.
Two sizes of sand are produced, a coarse sand for concrete and a fine sand for plaster. The coarse gravel is graded into ½-inch, 1-inch and 2-inch sizes. These are delivered to bunkers or stock piles. The plant has an average capacity of 200 yards per day. Water pumped with the material serves for washing. Short delays occasionally occur due to slides burying the pump suction, but as a rule little trouble is experienced. The barge and pump replace a drag-line excavator formerly used. Four men are employed.
Gibson Sand Pit
E.L. Gibson, 10 Leonard street, Santa Cruz, owns and operates a sand pit at the mouth of a small lagoon on the beach between Santa Cruz and Capitola near Black Point. The beach sand is excavated with a drag-line scraper, a Fordson tractor mounted on sills furnishing the power. The scraper dumps into a bunker from which trucks are loaded. The material is a quite uniform and fairly clean gray sand which is neither screened nor washed. About 120 yards per day can be taken out.
Taylor Sand Pit
R. S. Taylor, 246 Mission street, Santa Cruz, has a bunker and drag-line scraper for excavating river sand from the bed of the San Lorenzo River. This pit is adjacent to the Roach Sand and Gravel Plant near Soquel avenue bridge. It is operated intermittently according to demand.
In addition to the above, other firms and individuals occasionally dig sand and gravel from various points on the river or beach, loading direct to wagons or trucks. Among them are:
Owens Bros. Transfer and Storage Company, 256 Pacific avenue, Santa Cruz. Daniels Transfer Company, 23 Front street, Santa Cruz.
|Bituminous Rock||Gold||Mineral Water|
|Black Sand||Granite||Moulding Sand & Peat|
|Cement||Iron||Petroleum & Potash|
The Mineral Survey of Santa Cruz County was printed in the Santa Cruz Chamber of Commerce Annual Report, 1926. Reproduced by permission of the Santa Cruz Area Chamber of Commerce.
It is our continuing goal to make available a selection of articles on various subjects and places in Santa Cruz County. Certain topics, however, have yet to be researched. In other cases, we were not granted permission to use articles. The content of the articles is the responsibility of the individual author. It is the Library's intent to provide accurate local history information. However, |
In modern economics, central banks around the world have become engrossed in closely monitoring the rate of inflation in their respective economies. One of the major theories that has informed the debate on controlling inflation is the Phillips Curve.
In an article in Econom | In modern economics, central banks around the world have become engrossed in closely monitoring the rate of inflation in their respective economies. One of the major theories that has informed the debate on controlling inflation is the Phillips Curve.
In an article in Economica in 1958, AWH Phillips suggested that there was a relationship between changes in wages and the level of unemployment — the lower the unemployment rate, the higher the rate of change of wages,¹ Since then, the Phillips curve has attracted a lot of theoretical analysis.²
Its main implication is that, since a particular level of unemployment in the economy will imply a particular rate of wage increase, the aims of low unemployment and a low rate of inflation may be inconsistent.
The government must then choose between the feasible combinations of unemployment and inflation, as shown by the estimated Phillips curve, for example 3% unemployment and no inflation, or 1½% unemployment and 8% inflation.
Alternatively, a government can attempt to bring about basic changes in the workings of the economy. For example, a prices and incomes policy, in order to reduce the rate of inflation in a way that is consistent with low unemployment.
Phillips plotted a scatter-plot of dispersed data points (x, y)
where x = the percentage unemployment rate
and y = the percentage change in wages
relating to the United Kingdom for the years 1861 to 1913.
He estimated y for each year by expressing the first central difference of the index for each year as a percentage of the index for the same year. So, he took the rate of change for 1861 as half the difference between the index for 1862 and the index for 1860, expressed as a percentage of the index for 1861, and similarly for other years.
He grouped the data points for those years in which percentage unemployment lay in unequal intervals on the x-axis from 0 to 2, 2 to 3, 3 to 4, 4 to 5, 5 to 7 and 7 to 11 percent ³
Since each interval includes years in which unemployment was increasing and years in which it was decreasing, Phillips reasoned that averaging would cancel out the effects of changes in unemployment on the rate of change in wage rates.
He calculated the average y value for each of those intervals and so derived 6 points (shown as blue crosses above). He then fitted a power curve to these 6 points.
The resulting model was
y+0•900 = 9•638x–1•394 (shown as a red line above) with R² = 62%
or log(y+0•900) = 0•984 –1•394log(x)
Phillips estimated the constants 9•638 and –1•394 by least squares using the averages in the first four intervals. He chose the constant 0•900 by trial and error to make the curve pass as close as possible to the averages in the last two intervals.
He then plotted data from 1913 to 1948. The data fitted the above model well. Lastly, he plotted data from 1948 to 1957. The fit was not good, but when the unemployment rate was lagged by 7 months, the data then fitted the original model well.
The flaw with Phillips’ model is that historically, the relationship between unemployment and inflation has not been sufficiently stable to permit exact judgments.
The graph below shows the data of the annual average industrial wage versus the annual Consumer Price index in Ireland from 1996 to 2012. As you can see, the increase in wages has roughly followed the rate of inflation in the recent years of the Irish economy. |
HO2S / H-5 Dragon Fly
The Sikorsky (model S-48) R-5 (British name Dragonfly) was first flown on August 18, 1943. The first XR-5, in | HO2S / H-5 Dragon Fly
The Sikorsky (model S-48) R-5 (British name Dragonfly) was first flown on August 18, 1943. The first XR-5, in 1944, was a tandem rotor model, the VS-272; all others, VS-327s, were single rotor. The R-5, developed concurrently with the R-6, with a crew of two seated in tandem, had an all-metal fuselage. It was designed to have a greater useful load, range, speed, and service ceiling than the R-4.
Sikorsky designed what would become the two-seat R-5 helicopter in response to a USAAF specification for a large observation helicopter. The USAAF interest was in part a response to the success of Sikorsky's R-4, which was designated by the military as the HNS-1 and was tested extensively by the Coast Guard under the expert guidance of Coast Guard helicopter pioneer CDR Frank Erickson--the Coast Guard's first helicopter pilot.
The two-passenger R-5 (H02S-1) was further redesigned to meet civilian and military requirements and became, in August 1946, the first helicopter to be sold to a commercial operator. This three-passenger version of the R-5, while retaining its 450-horsepower engine, was designated by Sikorsky as the S-51 and by the Navy in 1946 as the HO3S-1.
The R-5, produced in 11 models through 1951, could be rigged to carry f |
After I finished my personal core wardrobe color chart, I suddenly wondered if the colors I ended up had anything to do with the local traditional colors of Korea. Because Koreans have such a conformist coloring -- black hair, black-brown eyes, beige | After I finished my personal core wardrobe color chart, I suddenly wondered if the colors I ended up had anything to do with the local traditional colors of Korea. Because Koreans have such a conformist coloring -- black hair, black-brown eyes, beige skintone, I wondered if the colors that my ancestors wore in their Hanbok had already accomplished the best color combinations that I could refer to for my color combinations.
The research led me to the exploration of the O-bang-saek and O-gan-saek which are the 10 colors that had distinct color-names to them. The O-bang-saek were colors regarded as Yang energy which also mean the 5 directional colors. As far as I can see, this is very closely related to Feng-Shui elements with Earth Yellow in the center representing Stability, and the four directions North, South, West, and East each having a color representation also.
As these 5 colors represented the whole world, they were regarded as special and often were used to wish blessings, health, prosperity, and health.
Note bene. After going back to my research material, I am noticing I have made an error. Along with the word O-bang-saek, there is another word O-jeong-saek. For now, to my understanding, the former relates to the 5 elements of Fengshui and the Bagua. And when it applies to color itself, they call the Yang group of colors O-jeong-saek. So from this point on, when you see the word O-bang-saek, please note that if I were to be technically correct, they should've been written O-jeong-saek instead. I am sorry for this inconvenience!
The five source colors shown in this Blessings-Pouch are given below with Korean sounds for each of them:
- White (Baek-saek)
- Black (Heuk-saek)
- Yellow (Hwang-saek)
- Red (Jeog-saek)
- Blue (Cheong-saek)
I had not consciously made the connection but these colors so local to Korea are easily seen in Korean food colors.
I'm including the above photos to make a point about how the 5 colors that we now call Red, Blue, Yellow, White, and Black and what my ancestors would have called 5 directional colors. Because color pigments from long ago would have to come from natural sources, a lot of them would not be the kinds of explosive, intense, artificially manufactured colors. So please bear in mind that what you and I call Red, Blue, Yellow, White, and Black may be slightly different than what the original names suggest!
Here below is a picture of a Moo-Dang. I can now see how those intense rich and dynamic colors that they wear come directly from the O-bang-saek. Note how he is holding the |
by Lawrence Wilson, MD
© December 2009, The Center for Development
One of the most important and overlooked minerals today is iodine. It is not read on the hair mineral analysis, so we are apt to overlook it. The | by Lawrence Wilson, MD
© December 2009, The Center for Development
One of the most important and overlooked minerals today is iodine. It is not read on the hair mineral analysis, so we are apt to overlook it. The reason it is not read by most laboratories is that it is hard to read accurately. Therefore, most labs prefer not to read it. However, it is a very important one.
Iodine, of course, is needed in the thyroid gland to produce T4 or triiodothyronine. However, iodine is also required for every tissue of the body.
IODINE AND OVERALL HEALTH
Every cell of the body utilizes iodine in some form. There are two major forms, iodide and iodine, required by various tissues, according to researchers. They claim the body cannot convert the forms one to another. I am not sure about this, but that is the research.
For instance, primarily iodide is needed by the skin and thyroid gland. The breasts, however, require iodine. Without it they can become fibrocystic or develop precancerous and cancerous lesions, it is believed.
Other body tissues, including the kidneys, spleen, liver, blood, salivary glands and intestines, can use either form, apparently.
Iodine is regulated in many ways in the thyroid. However, the most important pathway is the conversion of iodide into iodine through an oxidation reaction.
This requires an enzyme called TPO or thyroperoxidase. It also requires hydrogen peroxide. If too much hydrogen peroxide is left in the thyroid, however, it leads to HashimotoŐs disease, a common thyroid problem.
The mineral that helps control hydrogen peroxide is selenium. It is needed to make glutathione peroxidase, whose function, among many others, is to detoxify hydrogen peroxide after it has done its job in the thyroid gland.
Selenium is also required later in the metabolism of the thyroid hormone in the conversion of of the relatively inactive T4 to the active thyroid hormone T3. The enzyme primarily responsible for this conversion is iodothyronine deiodinase. This enzyme also requires selenium to function properly.
Any deficiency of selenium in the body will impair T3 production and thus cause hypothyroidism symptoms, even if the body is producing plenty of T4. This is sometimes called a conversion problem, as opposed to an iodine deficiency problem.
Thus selenium is critical for two phases of thyroid hormone production. It is thus considered a close relative to iodine in the correction of thyroid difficulties. For more information about selenium, see the article on this website entitled Selenium, A New Mineral For Health and Healing.
More and more research indicates that the entire American population today is deficient in iodine. This may be somewhat of an exaggeration because those who eat a lot of seafood get plenty of iodine. However, the rest of the population does not.
In addition, the entire population is exposed to iodine antagonists in an enormous way. Let us discuss this important aspect of iodine metabolism.
Iodine Antagonists. Iodine is a member of the halogen family of elements. They include, other than iodine, fluorine, bromine and chlorine among others. All of the these elements compete with each other to some extent for absorption and even utilization in certain enzyme binding sites. This phenomenon is called the concept of preferred minerals. It is discussed in detail in several other article on this website, including Toxic Metals and The Theory of Nutritional Balancing.
The main problem today in the developed nations of the world, and particularly in America, is the large exposure everyone has to bromine, fluorides and chlorine compounds that can and often do compete with iodine for absorption into our bodies.
Here are the common sources of these iodine antagonists:
Bromine and bromides. These toxic chemicals are used in baking, by law, of all the breads in America and many nations. Previously, iodine was used for bread-making. This was changed for fear that people were getting too much.
Little did they know that iodine is an essential element that most people need more of, even though the form used in break-making is not a very absorbable form. In contrast, bromides are quite toxic in large amounts, far more toxic than iodine or iodides.
The widespread use of bromides in bread-making is causing most people to have heavy exposure to this somewhat toxic element. It also can interfere with iodine uptake and also iodine utilization.
Often, when iodine is supplemented, people start eliminating large quantities of bromine from the body. This can be measured in urine and hair, at times. These methods are not perfectly accurate, however, as this element may also be eliminated through other routes such as the feces, skin and elsewhere.
Other problems with bromides is that they replace iodine in foods. In other words, the widespread use of brominated compounds in bread-making and in other industries as well has caused them to find their way into the water and food supplies of America and other developed natio |
Child Cabinets to Test Water Quality
By Ankush Singh
JHARKHAND, 22 March 2010 – Soon after their classes are over, around a dozen students from Pathargora Upper Primary School in the Mousabani block | Child Cabinets to Test Water Quality
By Ankush Singh
JHARKHAND, 22 March 2010 – Soon after their classes are over, around a dozen students from Pathargora Upper Primary School in the Mousabani block of East Singhbhum district in Jharkhand are busy packing their portable water testing kit.
The Bal Sansads project is a joint initiative of the Department of Human Resources Development, the Drinking Water and Sanitation Department, the Government of Jharkhand and UNICEF.
Proudly carrying the kit on her shoulder and leading her cabinet, Saloni Mardi, the Prime Minister of this Bal Sansad explains how the collected water samples will be tested for harmful bacteria and chemical content.
“After the testing of the water, we can conclude whether the water is safe for drinking or not. This is essential information that has to be communicated to the villagers who are using this water for drinking,” says Surumuni Hansda, the Health Minister in this Bal Sansad.
The group first collects water samples from a hand pump which is located adjacent to their school premises.
The whole process does not take more than 20 minutes but the test results for harmful bacterial content will only be available in another 24 to 48 hours, explains Mardi.
The group then tabulates the results and prepares a report which will be used later by the Drinking Water and Sanitation Department (DW&SD).
The report of the test conducted by Mardi and her team show that the tested sample, though safe for drinking, has high iron content and high acidic value. Their results are corroborated by the DW&SD trainer and official who accompanies the students.
Bal Sansads will now undertake the task of checking the water quality of every school hand pump and well annually, a task which at present is done by DW&SD officials.
Students have also been assigned the task of testing the water in their village on days when they are free. According to DW&SD officials the school children will have to test the water quality of not more than a dozen sources, a task that can be completed in one day.
Besides harmful bacterial content and morbidity, the Bal Sansads will test the water for iron, fluoride, nitrate and chlorine status.
The DW&SD suggests that the water samples from sources which are declared unsafe for drinking by the students be sent to testing facilities. Necessary action will be initiated if the testing facility results confirm to the results of the Bal Sansad students.
During the training sessions, the students are given information on the need to drink safe water. They are als |
Temporal Mandibular Joint Dysfunction (TMD), also known as TMJ syndrome, is a complex musculoskeletal condition involving the teeth and mandible in conjunction with the surrounding nerves, ligaments, connective tissue, and the 68 pairs | Temporal Mandibular Joint Dysfunction (TMD), also known as TMJ syndrome, is a complex musculoskeletal condition involving the teeth and mandible in conjunction with the surrounding nerves, ligaments, connective tissue, and the 68 pairs of muscles that control the joint. TMJ syndrome symptoms can vary from case to case but those with the condition will often experience jaw pain, headaches, problems chewing, earaches, clicking and grinding, or difficulty opening/closing the mouth. According to the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, the disorder affects approximately 35 million people in the United States, with women experiencing it four times more often than men.
What Causes TMJ?
When the joint between the temporal (temple) and mandibular (jaw) bones is misaligned it displaces the articular disc that allows for the smooth gliding motion of the joint. The clicking noise often associated with TMJ syndrome will occur when the condyle (head) of the mandible passes over the ridge of the disk. While severe injury to the jaw is the most common cause, this type of misalignment can be caused by a variety of physical and emotional stresses. For example, anything from a hit to the side of the face during a sporting activity to chewing gum excessively or having extensive dental work done may cause TMJ dysfunction.
Treatment of TMJ
Traditional medical treatments are usually aimed at addressing the symptoms of TMJ dysfunction. For short-term relief, medications intended to reduce pain and corrective oral appliances intended to prevent clenching of the jaw (bruxism) are the most commonly prescribed treatments. Surgery, though less common, is also an option, but as with any surgical procedure risks are involved.
On the other hand, multiple studies have shown chiropractic adjustments to be an incredibly safe and effective method of treatment for the condition. In a 2003 study published in JMPT, 15 participants suffering from TMJ dysfunction were treated using chiropractic care. 100% of the participants showed improvement in the distance they could open their jaws and their degrees of pain. Further studies have continued to support chiropractic’s effectiveness in treating TMJ problems. In a survey of 192 HMO members with TMJ dysfunction, nearly two-thirds reported using some form of complementary medicine in conjunction with traditional treatments, |
The internet is a global collection of interconnected networks of computers - including your own when you are online. It could be argued that the internet's primary function is to be a medium for communication. Communication online can be in the form of e-mails, | The internet is a global collection of interconnected networks of computers - including your own when you are online. It could be argued that the internet's primary function is to be a medium for communication. Communication online can be in the form of e-mails, Tweets, instant messages, video conferences, blogs, websites, PDF documents, photographs, word documents - pretty much anything that can be digitized.
For example, a scholarly article can be found in a database, in a print journal - and on a website. The article is the same format no matter which medium you find it in. It will still have an author, abstract, body of the article with references and most likely will be peer reviewed. To see an example of a scholarly, peer reviewed journal article on a website click on the link below: |
Through three related experiments funded by the American Psychological Foundation, researchers from the University of Toronto and New York University (NYU) found that the psychological pressures experienced by people who belong to racially or socially stigmatized groups interfere with their ability to exhibit | Through three related experiments funded by the American Psychological Foundation, researchers from the University of Toronto and New York University (NYU) found that the psychological pressures experienced by people who belong to racially or socially stigmatized groups interfere with their ability to exhibit self-control when entering a threatening environment or after being made aware of their stigmatized status.
"Our study views self-control as a centrally important yet limited resource that underlies many behaviours," says Michael Inzlicht, assistant professor in U of T's Department of Psychology. "It's like a muscle in that you can exercise it to achieve your goals, but each time you do, you deplete the amount of self-control available to you. Eventually, you reach your limit and need to rest to avoid a lapse of control. For people exposed to stereotypes or prejudice, the anxiety and stress they feel in those situations increases the demands on their self-control, making it harder to keep overall goals in mind and to act appropriately."
In the first experiment, Inzlicht and his colleagues read hypothetical scenarios, which had been previously proven through focus groups to contain racial ambiguities involving African-Americans, to 38 black students at NYU.
"Our data demonstrate that the students who exhibited sensitivity to prejudice and discrimination also reported having less self-control of their academic lives," Inzlicht says. "They found it harder to take effective notes, create quiet study spaces and keep to a study schedule. We also know from correlating their responses with their SAT scores that this pattern isn't related to their academic ability -- something about the experience of being stigmatized taps that limited source of self-regulation and interferes with their self-control."
For the second experiment, 21 black and 21 white NYU students were randomly divided into control and test groups. The control group was told that they were going to take a test related to psychological factors; the test group was told that the test would diagnose their verbal strengths and weaknesses, a statement designed to trigger negative stereotypes that people hold of African-Americans. Students were then assigned an unrelated task -- distinguishing between the semantic and visual meaning of words printed in four colours on a card -- that measured their ability to concentrate.
"Black students who were told that the test would assess their abilities had significantly lower scores than their peers in the control group or the white students in either group," Inzlicht says. "Threatening them with a negative stereotype may have made them concerned with how their behaviour would appear, conveying a positive impression or whether the assessor was exhibiting prejudicial behaviour. Sustaining this higher state of awareness requires more exertion of self-control, leaving them less able to control their focus and complete the other task."
For the third experiment, 61 female NYU students were divided into control and test groups. All participants were asked to squeeze a hand grip as long as they could to demonstrate their baseline ability to regulate pain and to persist in completing the task. Control group members were told that they were going to take a verbal test, while the test group was told that they would take a math test. In addition, half the participants in each group were told that their test had been shown to assess genuine ability, creating a threatening situation for women in the math test group by activating the stereotype that woman are not as strong in math as men; the other half were told that the test had not shown gender differences in the past.
"Women who were told the math test would assess their ability held the hand grip for significantly less times than those in the other three groups," Inzlicht says. "The study's results demonstrate that the relationship between prejudice and self-control is translatable across stigmatized groups and that it interferes with an individual's ability to regulate various activities."
Future studies will explore the neuropsychology of stigma and self-control using electroencephalogram recordings, and the relationship between suppressing negative emotions and self-control. In the meantime, Inzlicht is hopeful that his research may help to inoculate individuals against the effects of negative stereotypes.
"Past research has shown that teaching people about how stereotyping helps them to resist these threats -- as does conceiving of intelligence, ability and personality as fluid rather than fixed qualities," he says. "Talking openly about prejudice, stereotypes and stigma helps us to understand their effect on members of both minority and majority groups, and prevents this negative behaviour from going unnoticed."
U of T Department of P |
Müller-navia Surname History
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- Müller-navia family | Müller-navia Surname History
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The nationality of Müller-navia is often complicated to determine in cases which country boundaries change over time, making the original nationality indeterminate. The original ethnicity of Müller-navia may be in dispute depending on whether the family name came in to being organically and independently in multiple locales; for example, in the case of names that are based on a craft, which can come into being in multiple regions independently (such as the family name "Archer" which was given to people who were bowmen).
Müller-navia Meaning & Etymology
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The meaning of Müller-navia come may come from a trade, such as the name "Miller" which referred to the profession of working in a mill. Some of these profession-based surnames can be a profession in another language. For this reason it is |
Battle of First Bull Run Online Exhibit
Skirmish at Sandy Hook
Caption: Skirmish between a Portion of the Ninth and Confederate Troops across the River at Sandy Hook.
Source: Illustration and text from Harper's Weekly, | Battle of First Bull Run Online Exhibit
Skirmish at Sandy Hook
Caption: Skirmish between a Portion of the Ninth and Confederate Troops across the River at Sandy Hook.
Source: Illustration and text from Harper's Weekly, August 3, 1861, page 491.
Skirmish on the Potomac
Skirmishing along the Potomac has become an everyday amusement with the troops stationed on the upper part of that river. Scarcely a day passes without an exchange of shots at some point between Edwards Ferry and Sandy Hook. Both parties generally keep themselves sheltered behind the trees and rocks that line the shores. So far two of the Federal troops have been killed and three wounded. It is not known how many have lost their lives on the other side. Several have been seen to fall. This sketch represents a little brush which took place at Sandy Hook a few days ago. After some pretty sharp firing, in which nobody was hurt, the Virginians retreated into the mountains, and hostilities were suspended. |
Google is committed to encouraging underrepresented students to seek degrees in computer science. What ideas do you have for ways in which you can help increase diversity in the field of computer science?
As a female growing up in an all-girls environment in Silicon | Google is committed to encouraging underrepresented students to seek degrees in computer science. What ideas do you have for ways in which you can help increase diversity in the field of computer science?
As a female growing up in an all-girls environment in Silicon Valley, I’ve never been told “you can’t do that” because I am a girl. In middle school computer science, I learned that this was not always the case and women are still in the minority in CS, even in my own backyard. Thankfully, my all-girls schools have allowed me to pursue leadership roles like Programming and Electronics Lead in computer science and engineering that I probably would not have gotten on a coed First Robotics Competition (FRC) team.
When I do encounter sexism at coed FRC events, I am only more determined to become a woman in STEM. In sophomore year I was working on our robot when a male mentor from another team came over and started asking questions about our robot. After a few questions, he asked, “So you don’t need any guys around to make it work?” “No!” I exclaimed, outraged. “Of course not!” Another time, an announcer thought a team was all-girls simply because their team captain was female. These stereotypes that women can’t be successful in STEM or that women don’t hold leadership positions in STEM fields just encourage me to prove them wrong.
These stereotypes need to change for women to achieve parity in both engineering and computer science, and I believe the best way to do so is to get more girls interested in STEM activities earlier. My first experience with the subject was competing in the First Lego League (FLL), and I didn’t have to know what programming or engineering was to enjoy it. All I knew was that I was creating a robot that completed tasks. The satisfaction of seeing what I built succeed encouraged me to pursue more. I want every girl to be excited about creating things, so I volunteer at the Science Saturdays my robotics team holds for underprivileged fifth- and sixth-graders; I helped start my school’s middle school FLL teams; I help teach middle school girls Scratch and Python; and I make sure every student on Robotics feels included in making the final product.
At the same time, I have been encouraged at every moment by my robotics team mentors, teachers, parents, and older robotics team members. These strong, relatable, smart, and funny role models are the people I aspire to be. I might have given up if not for the adults in my life that pushed me to be my best, take the hardest classes, and always told me I could do anything I wanted.
From my own personal experience, I’ve found that a fascination with the world around you, a love of creating things, and plenty of people to look up to for guidance and support are crucial to a girl’s interest in STEM fields. The more we nurture this love of learning and support girls through every phase in their lives, the more women we will have in STEM and CS, and finally, I will not be in the minority.
[Ask me to talk about women in CS, and I will.] |
|Part of a series on|
Canadian cuisine varies widely depending on the regions of the nation. The three earliest cuisines of Canada have First Nations, English, Scottish and French roots, with the traditional cuisine of English Canada closely related to British and | |Part of a series on|
Canadian cuisine varies widely depending on the regions of the nation. The three earliest cuisines of Canada have First Nations, English, Scottish and French roots, with the traditional cuisine of English Canada closely related to British and Scottish cuisines, while the traditional cuisine of French Canada has evolved from French cuisine and the winter provisions of fur traders. With subsequent waves of immigration in the 19th and 20th century from Central, Southern, and Eastern Europe, South Asia, East Asia, and the Caribbean, the regional cuisines were subsequently augmented.
- 1 Definitions
- 2 Cultural contributions
- 3 National food
- 4 Regional
- 5 Some Canadian foods
- 6 See also
- 7 References
- 8 Further reading
- 9 External links
Although certain dishes may be identified as "Canadian" due to the ingredients used or the origin of its inception, an overarching style of Canadian cuisine is more difficult to define. Some Canadians such as the former Canadian prime minister Joe Clark believe that Canadian cuisine is a collage of dishes from the cuisines of other cultures. Clark himself has been paraphrased to have noted: "Canada has a cuisine of cuisines. Not a stew pot, but a smorgasbord.". Some have sought to define Canadian cuisine along the line of how Claus Meyer defined Nordic cuisine in his Manifesto for the New Nordic Kitchen; namely that dishes in Canadian cuisine should reflect Canadian seasons, that they should use locally sourced ingredients that thrive in the Canadian climate, and that they are combined with good taste and health in mind. Others believe that Canadian cuisine is still in the process of being defined from the cuisines of the numerous cultures that have influenced it, and that being a culture of many cultures, Canada and its cuisine is less about a particular dish but rather how the ingredients are combined.
Canadian food has been shaped and impacted by continual waves of immigration, with the types of foods and from different regions and periods of Canada reflecting this immigration.
The traditional aboriginal cuisine of Canada was based on a mixture of wild game, foraged foods, and farmed agricultural products. Each region of Canada with its own First Nations and Inuit people used their local resources and own food preparation techniques for their cuisines.
Maple syrup was first collected and used by aboriginal people of Eastern Canada and North Eastern US. Canada is the world's largest producer of maple syrup. The origins of maple syrup production are not clear though the first syrups were made by repeatedly freezing the collected maple sap and removing the ice to concentrate the sugar in the remaining sap. Maple syrup is one of the most commonly consumed Canadian foods of Aboriginal origins.
In most of the Canadian West Coast and Pacific Northwest, Pacific salmon was an important food resource to the First Nations peoples, along with certain marine mammals. Salmon were consumed fresh when spawning or smoked dry to create a jerky-like food that can being stored year-round. The latter food is commonly known and sold as "salmon jerky". Whipped Soapberry, known as xoosum (HOO-shum, "Indian ice cream") in the Interior Salish languages of British Columbia, is consumed similarly to ice cream or as a cranberry-cocktail-like drink. It is known for being a kidney tonic, which are called agutak in arctic Canada (with animal/fish fat).
In the arctic, Inuit traditionally survived on a diet consisting of land and marine mammals, fish, and foraged plant products. Meats were consumed fresh but also often prepared, cached, and allowed to fermented into igunaq or kiviak. These fermented meats have the consistency and smell of certain soft aged cheeses. Snacks such as muktuk, which consist of whale skin and blubber is eaten plain, though sometimes dipped in soy sauce. Chunks of muktuk are sliced with an ulu prior to or during consumption. Fish are eaten boiled, fried, and prior to today's settlements, often in dried forms. The so-called "Eskimo potato" (Inuit: oatkuk: Claytonia tuberosa) and other "mousefoods" are some of the plants consumed in the arctic.
Foods such as "bannock", popular with First Nations and Inuit, reflect the historic exchange of these cultures with Scottish fur traders, who brought with them new ingredients and foods. Common contemporary consumption of bannock, powdered milk, and bologna by aboriginal Canadians reflects the legacy of Canadian colonialism in the prohibition of hunting and fishing, and the institutional food rations provided to Indian reserves. Due to similarities in treatment under colonialism, many Native American communities throughout the continent consume similar food items with some emphasis on local ingredients.
Settlers and traders from the British Isles account for the culinary influences of early English Canada in the Maritimes and Southern Ontario (Upper Canada), while French settlers account for the cuisine of southern Quebec (Lower Canada), Northern |
: a dental instrument for removing teeth or the roots of teeth which cannot be gripped with a forceps
: a surgical instrument for raising a depressed part (as a bone) or for separating contiguous parts
Car that moves in a vertical shaft | : a dental instrument for removing teeth or the roots of teeth which cannot be gripped with a forceps
: a surgical instrument for raising a depressed part (as a bone) or for separating contiguous parts
Car that moves in a vertical shaft to carry passengers or freight between the levels of a multistory building. The use of mechanical lifting platforms dates to Roman times. Steam and hydraulic elevators came into use in the 19th century; elect |
Paper $24.95s | 0-8156-3060-3 | 2005
| ISBN 0-8156-2958-3 | 2002
Drawing on archaeology, historical evidence, oral traditions | Paper $24.95s | 0-8156-3060-3 | 2005
| ISBN 0-8156-2958-3 | 2002
Drawing on archaeology, historical evidence, oral traditions, and linguistics, this book provides a dynamic view of Iroquois life from the prehistoric period and Owasco sites through the establishment of the Five Nations.
"This volume represents far more than a description of the culture, history, and
archaeological record of the Iroquoisit is an accessible, anthropological account
of their world. It should be considered essential reading not only for scholars...
but also anyone interested in understanding contemporary Iroquois world view and politics. It is a book that celebrates the dynamic history of a living culture."
"William Englebrecht draws on archaeology, ethnology, historical evidence, and
oral traditions to give the reader a detailed overview of this great culture from its
ancient roots until today.... An outstanding survey of this captivating episode of
"A very accessible and plainspoken account of the Iroquois and their homeland
... The book's strength lies in its use of enthnohistory.... Engelbrecht's descriptions
of the Iroquois economy, practiced in the throes of what to all appearances
was unending strife and warfare, are some of the best available. So too are his
depictions of villages and village life, which are based not only on his own field
work, but also [on] information gleaned from the most recent, authoritative literature"
New York History
View other books in this series
William Engelbrecht is professor emeritus of anthropology at Buffalo State
College. His articles have appeared in many journals, including American
Antiquity, North American Archaeologist, Northeast Anthropology, and Bulletin: Journal of the New York State Archaeological Association.
7 x 10, 248 pages, 70 figures, 6 maps, bibliography, index |
Bob Archer and Chris Lofting report on Exercise 'Cruzex IV'
The South American continent is a most fascinating and enchanting land, encompassing thirteen countries, with Brasil the largest (and the fifth biggest in the world). Covering the | Bob Archer and Chris Lofting report on Exercise 'Cruzex IV'
The South American continent is a most fascinating and enchanting land, encompassing thirteen countries, with Brasil the largest (and the fifth biggest in the world). Covering the same land mass as Europe, but with a population only twice that of Germany, Brasil's population live primarily on the coastal fringe, leaving a vast and largely empty landmass in the hinterland. Brasil was colonised by the Portuguese in 1500, before gaining independence almost three hundred years later. Since ejecting Dutch occupants, Brasil has enjoyed a peaceful coexistence with her neighbours, which is reflected in the population who are a kind, relaxed and friendly race. Nevertheless, from 1-14 November open warfare raged across the northeaster part of the country - the area known as Rio Grade de Norte. However, no weapons were involved, and no deaths or injuries sustained, as the region was engaged in Exercise 'Cruzex IV', the bi-annual opportunity for all elements of the Brasilian Air Force, and invited guests to evaluate their capabilities in a fictitious scenario.
Held bi-annually, and alternating with one its neighbouring air arms, planning for the fourth Cruzex began almost a year ago. 'Cruzex' is designed to evaluate military forces operating within a realistic framework of fictitious nations at war - in this case Blue Forces (Coalition) attempting to counter the aggressive actions of the Red Forces (Opponents) based upon a conflict of low intensity. The scenario was an ethnically based situation, with Redland wishing to re-unite Yellowland, which had been partitioned some years earlier. The invasion of Yellowland by Redland forces resulted in the United Nations Security Council issuing a resolution to enable a coalition of forces from Blueland to force the belligerents to withdraw back to their own territory. Redland was located in the area south of Fortaleza, while Yellowland was to the east centred upon the Mossoro region. Blueland occupied the region further east, including the cities of Natal and Recife. In effect, Cruzex is based upon a scenario similar to the United States Red Flag exercise.
air exercise included participation from Chile, France Uruguay and Venezuela,
as well as the host nation Brasil. Argentina was to have participated,
but was forced to cancel shortly before the exercise began. Observers
from Bolivia, Columbia, Paraguay, Peru, Spain, and the USA were also in
attendance - the latter from US Southern Command, with headquarters at
Davis-Monthan AFB, Arizona. 'Cruzex IV' was designed as a simulated
low intensity air campaign within the constraints imposed by peacetime
regulations and safety issues. A large Brasilian, along the entire overseas
air arms were formed into a coalition force within Blueland, ranged against
the opposition forces of Redland, composed entirely of Brasilian service
Preparing the Exercise
for the exercise began in the spring of 2008, with senior personnel from
JFACC (composed of all the participating members and observers) meeting
to formulate the initial details. Apart from the aviation elements, there
was the need to arrange for all manner of communications, catering, accommodation,
field medical facilities, and a host of other necessities required to
operate effectively. Subsequent regular planning meetings culminated in
the arrival of the first participants on 1 November. The period 3rd to
6th November was devoted to familiarisation flying, and forces integration
training, before the first live exercise was staged on Friday 7th. Saturday
8th was a rare chance for relaxation, with Natal staging a small open
day and air show, although only the Brazilian national display team 'Smoke
Squadron' with the Embraer T-27 Tucano flew. Sunday was a non exercise
day, before the LIVEX recommenced between Monday 10th to Thursday 13th,
devoted to operations as the fictitious scenario was played out. Initially
this consisted of air superiority missions, before switching to interdiction
as the threat from the Red forces air component diminished. Throughout
this phase, the coalition carried out Combat Search-and-Rescue (CSAR)
to locate and recover pilots shot down by the red forces. Towards the
end of the period, national evacuation missions and logistics transport/re-supply
efforts were mounted.
Eyes in the Sky
package had the benefit of command and communications expert |
An abstract is a short, separate, one page--and no more than one page (about 250 words)--summary of a research paper. It is a double spaced, blocked paragraph. It is the first narrative of a research paper, but | An abstract is a short, separate, one page--and no more than one page (about 250 words)--summary of a research paper. It is a double spaced, blocked paragraph. It is the first narrative of a research paper, but it is the last narrative to be written. The research paper abstract is informative rather than descriptive since descriptive abstracts are mere tables of content. The informative abstract provides readers with an overview of the entire paper, stating its purpose, scope, and all its relevant facts and conclusions. It is written in the third person. An abstract is a courtesy to both readers and to other researchers. In one page an abstract provides readers and researchers with the contents of a paper. From the abstract they can determine whether a paper has information of enough interest and validity to be read in its entirety, and whether the information/conclusions/results can be used in papers they may be writing. While an abstract includes all the relevant facts, statistics, and conclusions of a research paper, it does not include examples, tables, and general supporting detail. Such phrases as "This paper will look at..." or "This paper will explain..." or "This paper will discuss..." are never used in an abstract. Abstracts usually end with a list of key words. The following links provide additional information about abstracts: How to Write an Abstract, LEO Abstracts, Technical Abstracts, and Writing Abstracts. KEY WORDS: abstract, descriptive, informative, purpose, scope, and summary.
By Bernard Selzler, EdD |
Scrabble word: ACROSS
In which Scrabble dictionary does ACROSS exist?
Definitions of ACROSS in dictionaries:
- adv - to the opposite side
- adv - transversely
- On, at, or from the other | Scrabble word: ACROSS
In which Scrabble dictionary does ACROSS exist?
Definitions of ACROSS in dictionaries:
- adv - to the opposite side
- adv - transversely
- On, at, or from the other side of: across the street.
- So as to cross; through: drew lines across the paper.
- From one side of to the other: a bridge across a river.
- Into contact with: came across my old roommate.
- From one side to the other: The footbridge swayed when I ran across.
- On or to the opposite side: We came across by ferry.
- Crosswise; crossed.
- Being in a crossed position: seated with arms across.
- prep - from one side of to the other
There are 6 letters in ACROSS: A C O R S S
Scrabble words that can be created with an extra letter added to ACROSS
All anagrams that could be made from letters of word ACROSS plus a wildcard: ACROSS?
Scrabble words that can be created with letters from word ACROSS
Images for ACROSS
SCRABBLE is the registered trademark of Hasbro and J.W. Spear & Sons Limited. Our scrabble word finder and scrabble cheat word builder is not associated with the Scrabble brand - we merely provide help for players of the official Scrabble game. All intellectual property rights to the ga |
Location: Southern Horticultural Research
Title: Rosette (Double Blossom) Author
Submitted to: Compendium of Blackberry and Raspberry Diseases and Insects
Publication Type: Book / Chapter
Publication Acceptance Date: August 18 | Location: Southern Horticultural Research
Title: Rosette (Double Blossom) Author
Submitted to: Compendium of Blackberry and Raspberry Diseases and Insects
Publication Type: Book / Chapter
Publication Acceptance Date: August 18, 2009
Publication Date: N/A
Technical Abstract: Rosette, or double blossom, is a serious disease of erect blackberries that is limited to the genus Rubus. Rosette may occur on trailing blackberries and dewberries, but rarely on red and black raspberries. In the United States, rosette occurs from New Jersey to Illinois and southwest to Texas and is considered a major disease of blackberries in the southeastern U. S., but it has not been reported from the Pacific Coast. Rosette was described on boysenberries in New Zealand in the early 1980’s as Boysenberry Decline and has since been reported in other countries where erect blackberry cultivars are being grown including Mexico and Chile. Losses from rosette are reduced yield, poor quality fruit, and (in severe cases) the death of canes. This review lists symptoms, disease cycle, and control options. |
JAMES JOHNSON. – James Johnson, a pioneer of 1844, son of James Johnson of Berkshire county, Massachusetts, was born on his father’s farm in 1814, and as a child moved with his parents to | JAMES JOHNSON. – James Johnson, a pioneer of 1844, son of James Johnson of Berkshire county, Massachusetts, was born on his father’s farm in 1814, and as a child moved with his parents to a new home in Onondaga county, New York, living there until he attained his manhood. In 1836 he gave rein to the desire for change and adventure and freedom, which ultimately made of him one of the early pioneers of Oregon, going in that year with his brother Daniel to Tippecanoe county, Indiana, and engaging in work as carpenter near Lafayette. In the winters, when there was little building on hand, he gave attention to pork-packing, becoming an expert and commanding a good salary. In 1839 he began a substantial domestic life, marrying Miss Juliet, daughter of Eli Perkins of Tippecanoe county.
During these and the following years, however, he was hearing much about the great new West, the land of Oregon; and his natural craving to form and enjoy a career unhampered by the restrictions of life in the older communities made him anxious to come to the Pacific coast. In 1844 he was able to accomplish his purpose. In April, in company with his brother Daniel, and with John and Eli Perkins and Ruel Olds, he procured his outfit and proceeded to the rendezvous near Independence. There they found a considerable company assembled, among whom may be named Joseph Smith, Barton Lee, Colonel Ford, Captain Levi Scott, Captain Bennett and Captain Hedge |
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- Will prison arts programs make a comeback in California?
- Today on Your Call: How should we understand the invisible web that connects our digital devices?
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East Bay Express Opinion: San Francisco against the world
The most controversial local ballot measure facing San Franciscans this November — whether to develop a plan to reform the Hetch Hetchy water system and restore Hetch Hetchy Valley — reflects a question that cities everywhere are grappling with. As geologist Andrew Alden asked in a recent essay about the measure, "Do we want to arrange our society as if nature really matters?"
Though San Francisco has a green reputation, it's also the only US city ever to have built a dam in a national park. In 1913, over the passionate objections of nature-lovers and newspaper editorial boards nationwide, Congress permitted the city, which had recently suffered a devastating earthquake and fire, to clear-cut and flood Hetch Hetchy Valley in Yosemite National Park for use as a reservoir.
At the time, the valley was one of the most diverse ecosystems in the world and home to thousands of plant and animal species. In the name of progress, and in keeping with the exploitative attitude toward nature that prevailed at the time, the valley was submerged under three hundred feet of water after the construction of the O'Shaughnessy Dam.
The Water Conservation & Yosemite Restoration Initiative, Proposition F on the San Francisco ballot, would require the city to develop a plan for a more sustainable, less environmentally harmful water system, including the use of groundwater, rainwater, and recycled water and the return of Hetch Hetchy Valley to the National Park Service for restoration.
Given San Francisco's reputation for leadership on environmental issues, you might think its civic leaders would have voluntarily developed such a plan long ago. Instead, San Francisco's political establishment has exhibited an ugly sense of entitlement on the issue. San Francisco Mayor Ed Lee called Proposition F "insane." US Senator Dianne Feinstein, who thwarted a 1988 effort by the US Department of the Interior to study the issue, even called Hetch Hetchy Valley San Francisco's "birthright." |
This note describes a solution to the problem of evaluating "zoned circularity" from measurements of relative circuference displacements. The algorithm is derived from the the classical primal-feasible simplex method for the Linear Programming Problem (LP), hence | This note describes a solution to the problem of evaluating "zoned circularity" from measurements of relative circuference displacements. The algorithm is derived from the the classical primal-feasible simplex method for the Linear Programming Problem (LP), hence it is guaranteed to locate an optimum in finite steps. In practice, convergence is extremely fast, often reached with four or five pivot operations.
I |
1. What is language (sounds, symbols, a complex system, speech and writing)
Language defined in simplest terms is a system of communication using
vocal symbols. Although its origin will never be fully known the oldest
written symbolic language known | 1. What is language (sounds, symbols, a complex system, speech and writing)
Language defined in simplest terms is a system of communication using
vocal symbols. Although its origin will never be fully known the oldest
written symbolic language known is only 7,900 years at most. Spoken
language is believed to have been developed long before that. Linguists
divide the study of spoken language into two categories, phonology and
grammar. Phonology is the study of sounds. Grammar is how the sounds are
used to make sense. (Dalby, 1999)
Human language is a symbolic communication system that is learned, rather
then an inherited trait, such as barking. Symbols in the form of sounds
have been arbitrarily assigned meanings. For instance, the English word
"rock" does not in any way physically resemble the object it stands for.
All symbols have a material form but the meaning cannot be revealed by
simple sensory inspection of their forms, they are abstractions.
Speech and language is not the same thing. Speech is a term that refers
to patterns of verbal behavior. The rules of how the symbolic sounds,
(words), are spoken in order to communicate meaning constitutes a language.
Language is the set of
The word "queer"for example has come to be a somewhat derogatory designation for,generally, males who are homosexual. In the Mandarin form of Chinese the word "su" can have six differentmeanings, depending on the tone change. For example,when a child tells his mother that Daddy took him: First we went to a gasser then we went to an eaterThe mother and the father when hearing their son's description of stoppingat a gas station then a diner will probably produce laughter, a positivesign as far as the kid is concerned. If that same personattempts to communicate with his peers in that environment with the form oflanguage used by the dominant culture, (proper English instead of Ebonicsfor example), he may find himself ostracized and shunned by those in hiscommunity. Word's meanings can change over time, as can whatconstitutes proper or improper use of words, (grammar). This again reinforces what the child islearning. Thus, the more academically sophisticated astudents native language knowledge and abilities are, the easier it will beto learn a second language. Cockney rhyming in fact is a languagealmost unto itself, where ideas are expressed using words and phrases thatto a causual listener from America have nothing to do with one another. If a child states that"Johnny hitted me," she is expressing an action and an idea based on whatshe understands about the use of her language. They range from millions ofpeople speaking the same language all the way down to a few dozen or less. In the first phase of language acquisition children are learningrudimentary words, sentence structure and phrases. Language Varieties (historical, geographical and social dialect; register: age, sex, status, role; topic, medium, style) Different languages have developed world wide because of manycontributing factors such as the role historical interactions betweencultures have played. Each of these guidelines should contain the following parts: List of objectives considered appropriate for learners of that stage in relation to the aspect of communicative competence in focus A list of strategies the learner can use to achieve these objectives A list of language learning techniques to implement the strategies A list of language learning activities to implement the strategies (Source: http:www. In more formal ways control throughlanguage can be one of verbal or written orders commanding individuals orgroups to perform a function or complete a task. |
Many people, whether they are diabetic or just looking to reduce calories, want to eliminate refined, white sugar from their diets. However, it can be confusing and controversial to tell what to use instead.
In this ongoing series, we’ll examine some | Many people, whether they are diabetic or just looking to reduce calories, want to eliminate refined, white sugar from their diets. However, it can be confusing and controversial to tell what to use instead.
In this ongoing series, we’ll examine some of the more common substitutes, both natural and artificial, to give you the information to decide what’s best for you.
WHAT IS IT: Aspartame is an artificial sweetner made from two amino acids. It is approved by the Food and Drug Administration and has been in use in the U.S. since the 1980s.
NUTRITION: Aspartame has 4 calories per gram and does not contribute to tooth decay.
TAKE NOTE: Aspartame has been the subject of several studies. No unsafe health consequences have been confirmed, and research continues. Individuals with phenylketonuria should not eat aspartame because they lack the ability to metabolize one of its amino acids.
HOW TO USE: It is around 200 times sweeter than sugar and can be used as a tabletop sweetner. It is also used to extend the sweet taste of flavors such as orange and cherry. It loses its flavor when baked.
SOURCES: foodinsight.org, familydoctor.org, cancer.org |
A Reference Resource
A Life in Brief
Born into desperate poverty at the dawn of the nineteenth century, Millard Fillmore climbed to the highest office in the land—and inherited a nation breaking into fragments over the question of slavery. Despite his best | A Reference Resource
A Life in Brief
Born into desperate poverty at the dawn of the nineteenth century, Millard Fillmore climbed to the highest office in the land—and inherited a nation breaking into fragments over the question of slavery. Despite his best efforts, the lines of the future battles of the Civil War were drawn, and Fillmore found himself rejected by his own dying party and denied renomination. After almost a quarter of a century out of the White House, he died in New York state in 1874.
Fillmore, the second of eight children, was born into an impoverished family on January 7, 1800. His family's small farm in upstate Cayuga County, New York, could not support them, and Fillmore's father apprenticed his son to a clothmaker, a brutal apprenticeship that stopped just short of slavery. Fillmore taught himself to read, stealing books on occasion, and finally managed to borrow thirty dollars and pay his obligation to the clothmaker. Free, he walked one hundred miles to get back home to his family.
He was obsessed with educating himself. He pored over every book he could get his hands on and attended school in a nearby town for six months. His teacher, Abigail Powers, encouraged and helped him. She would prove to be the most influential person in his life. She was only nineteen—not even two years older than her pupil. After Fillmore received a clerkship with a local judge, he began to court Abigail Powers. The couple married in 1826.
As a young lawyer, Fillmore was approached by a fledgling political party and asked to run for the New York State Assembly. In 1829, he began the first of three terms in the assembly, where he sponsored a substantial amount of legislation. In 1832, Millard Fillmore was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives.
At that time, Andrew Jackson was President. Jackson's repeated clashes with Congress and his ambitious attempts to expand presidential power united several parties against him. Fillmore's own Anti-Masonic Party merged with the Whigs, which represented the older, more entrenched power structure and opposed everything that Jackson and the Democrats represented. In 1843, at the end of four terms in Congress, which were interrupted by one defea |
Convection Oven Cooking View Models >>
Convection Oven Cooking
Convection ovens all have a fan built inside the oven cavity, which circulates the heated air throughout the oven and around all of the food. What does this accomplish?
- | Convection Oven Cooking View Models >>
Convection Oven Cooking
Convection ovens all have a fan built inside the oven cavity, which circulates the heated air throughout the oven and around all of the food. What does this accomplish?
- It heats the inside evenly throughout, from level to level, back to front
- It speeds up the cooking process by forcing the heat around the food constantly
- It creates heat around the food, which prevents flavor transfer
Convection ovens are highly versatile units. They're ideal for cooking, warming, roasting, re-thermalizing and baking. Whether you're roasting a turkey or baking croissants, convection ovens cook evenly and thoroughly. Convection ovens are available in gas or electric and in various configurations, including full-size, half-size, stackable, and as part of a traditional bake oven.
If you plan to do catering out of your home, convection is a must have. Trays of cookies and appetizers will cook evenly and quickly. In fact, you can load up the oven on every level and get great results. You can also cook different items |
WIC: Strengthening Families for 40 years!
To learn more about WIC, and to watch more informative videos, visit the WIC at 40 website.
Parenthood is wonderful and rewarding, but raising thriving, healthy kids is | WIC: Strengthening Families for 40 years!
To learn more about WIC, and to watch more informative videos, visit the WIC at 40 website.
Parenthood is wonderful and rewarding, but raising thriving, healthy kids is a big job. Since 1974, WIC has been vital in helping parents give their children a healthy start—this year marks the program's 40th year of strengthening families.
When Chicago resident and WIC advocate Amanda Bornfree lost her health insurance shortly after learning that she was expecting her first child, WIC was a lifeline for her and her family. Her story about how WIC helped her included in the new Circle of Protection "Facts and Faces" project. She says that the program fed her determination to succeed:
When I looked around the WIC clinic, I saw that I was among a community of women that cared for each other. Different generations, complexions, languages, and experiences—all of us present to keep ourselves and our families healthy. We all believed in that, whether we were there to help or to receive help. We all believed that everyone has the right to live a healthy life, and that a healthy life begins during the period from the start of a woman’s pregnancy until her child’s second birthday—the crucial 1,000 days.
WIC, which is funded through the U.S. Department of Agriculture, helped nearly 9 million moms and kids (under age 5) get the nutrition they needed last year. But WIC does more than just provide food vouchers for low-income mothers and their children—the program also provides information on healthy eating, breastfeeding support, and referrals to health care. Families with incomes up to 185 percent of the federal poverty level ($40,409 for a family of four in 2010) can participate.
Bread for the World has campaigned to fully fund and support WIC because we know WIC is a critical tool in the mission to end hunger. Sequestration, the automatic cuts enacted as part of the Budget Control Act of 2011, will continue to erode the effectiveness of the program. The recently-passed 2014 appropriations bill mitigates some of those cuts, and includes $6.7 billion for WIC, which will cover current and projected needs for low-income mothers and children. Bread for the World will monitor future spending bills, and continue to advocate for WIC to receive adequate funding—while pushing Congress to replace sequestration with a balanced approach.
The program's 40th anniversary offers an opportunity to celebrate the dedication of WIC staff, the health of thriving WIC children and their families, and also the efforts of faithful advocates who continue to urge Congress to fully fund this investment in the future of our nation.
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Women who meet a first date online are more likely to take safety precautions than they are with someone they don’t know but who asked for the first date in person, a new study by Roosevelt University psychologists shows.
Published in August by Cyberpsychology | Women who meet a first date online are more likely to take safety precautions than they are with someone they don’t know but who asked for the first date in person, a new study by Roosevelt University psychologists shows.
Published in August by Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social
Networking, the study by psychology professors Jill Coleman, Catherine
Campbell and recent Roosevelt PsyD graduate Billie Cali surveyed 82
Roosevelt female students about 13 behaviors that could help protect
them on a first date.
These include: telling a friend where you are going; taking your own
car; monitoring alcohol intake; meeting in a public rather than private
place; carrying enough money for a taxi; having a trusted friend be with
you and your date; considering self-defense strategies if the need
The survey participants, ages 18 to 36, were asked to rate how likely
it was for them to take the different safety precautions if: they
accepted a date with someone they were corresponding with and liked a
profile and look on Facebook; or they accepted a date with someone that
they didn’t know well but whom they were attracted to in one of their
Read the full story by clicking here. |
While Autism is thought to be a ‘newer condition’, histories and records have revealed that many notable figures in history may have been on the autism spectrum. Although many reports are technically inconclusive due to the lack of a comprehensive history, many of | While Autism is thought to be a ‘newer condition’, histories and records have revealed that many notable figures in history may have been on the autism spectrum. Although many reports are technically inconclusive due to the lack of a comprehensive history, many of them have significant evidence to at least point towards a person on the Autistic Spectrum.
Einstein had difficulty with social interactions, had tactile sensitivity, was very intelligent yet found his language difficult at times, and had difficulty learning in school. It may have been that Einstein had such a hard time with learning in school because he did not have the accommodations and different teaching styles that many autistic children need. Because of this, it makes perfect sense that someone so intelligent and full of ideas about the world could fall behind in school. It also makes sense that, because of his social interactions with others, he found it difficult to get a job despite his intelligence. Many of the individuals also have a lack of desire for food and the same disregard for timeliness of meals as Einstein. However, Einstein did not care what he ate and completed his meals with no complaints. Many other autistics were very specific about the kinds, colors, textures, and smells of foods if they had any aversion to food at all. His carelessness for the time or necessity of food rather than persistence on what the food he ate is slightly different than most autistics. However, all autistics are different, and therefore it is indeterminant whether this should be classified as an autistic trait or not. Einstein had a relationship with a woman whom he eventually married and had three children with. The marriage seemed to have quite a bit of difficulty, but the woman gave birth to three children with him. However, although Einstein showed love and concern for his children, the he could not stand for the children to touch him. This, sounds very characteristic of an autistic. It is important to realize that Einstein was very different and it was his difference that made him develop ideas that made him famous. Therefore, his differences made him the celebrated individual he is today. This should give us a second look at those who we consider different, and make us realize that being different is not a bad thing. It is instead, something to be celebrated and accepted.
Mozart reportedly had repeated facial expressions and unintentional constant motion of his hands and feet It was also believed that Mozart’s hearing was very sensitive and intense and loud sounds made him feel physically sick. Other reports indicate that he was excessively active. Mozart was unable to carry on an intellectual conversation and existed in a careless and reckless way with impolite and frequent mood changes. It is reported that one day, Mozart was particularly bored and jumped up and hurdled over tables and chairs, meowed like a cat and did somersaults. Mozart’s letters indicated a presence of echolalia which may be a way of communicating for autistics. These characteristics indicate that Mozart could have been on the autistic spectrum.
Sir Isaac Newton
Newton was very quiet and not very good at ‘small talk’, or typical day to day conversations. He was extraordinarily focused on his work and had a hard time breaking away. He was often so focused that he forgot to eat during these times of intense focus. This is a trait very commonly found in autistics and this extreme focus often blocks out other things that would likely capture an individuals attention. Newton was not good at keeping or making friends as he did not appear friendly, nor did he know how to talk with individuals he did consider to be friends. Newton also relied strongly upon routines. For example, if he had been scheduled to give a |
Morganza Local Customs
Margaret Brent, her sister Mary, and their brothers Giles and Fulke arrived in Maryland in 1638. Like many women of gentle birth; she had enjoyed a basic education in England. But, as a | Morganza Local Customs
Margaret Brent, her sister Mary, and their brothers Giles and Fulke arrived in Maryland in 1638. Like many women of gentle birth; she had enjoyed a basic education in England. But, as a single woman of property in Maryland, she had appeared frequently before the Provincial Court to file suits against her debtors. In addition, she had occasionally acted as an attorney, pleading the cases of her brother Giles and various women before the court.
In 1647, there was an uprising in Maryland by Protestants, and Governor Leonard Calvert hired mercenaries from Virginia to put down the rebellion, pledging his estates as security. Then he died, but his will named Margaret Brent as his executor.
In January 1648 she demanded two votes in the assembly, one for herself as a freeholder and one in her role as the proprietor’s attorney. The Provincial Court opposed her claim: it "denyed that the said Mrs. Brent should have any vote in the house."
Margaret Brent is often hailed as an early feminist and woman lawyer, but viewed in the context of the time, her actions and achievements were essentially those of an "adventurer" and an assertive woman of property.
The Middle School in Morganza is named for Margaret Brent. My husband taught here for a couple of years. The school is currently under construction. An artist's rendering of the new school is on the website.Related to:
- Family Travel
- Road Trip
- Study Abroad
Morganza Off The Beaten Path
4 more images
Across the road from the church is the cemetery. Down on the corner of Busy Corner Road though, is the Old St. Joseph's Cemetery. This cemetery was started in 1759. It was basically overgrown and lost until 1988 when volunteers cleared and restored the cemetery.
The group of stones clustered in one location are those stones where the original gravesite couldn't be found by the volunteers.
There is a small parking place, and a signboard which gives the names and locations of the graves (photo 5) for people buried here.Related to:
- Historical Travel
- Budget Travel |
- Inset sessions
- Online CPD
- Project resources
- Sussex teacher scholar resources
- Roehampton MA resources
- Transatlantic Teachers resources 2011
- Witnessing the African Slave Trade
- What does a | - Inset sessions
- Online CPD
- Project resources
- Sussex teacher scholar resources
- Roehampton MA resources
- Transatlantic Teachers resources 2011
- Witnessing the African Slave Trade
- What does a slave rebellion look like?
- Was 1807 really the end of the slave trade?
- Remembering victims of the slave trade
- Lick and lock up done wid
- How proud can Britain be?
- How powerful were slaves?
- How important were Africans to the Atlantic slave trade?
- Childhood slavery in North Africa
- 3 doors into 33,000 voyages
Was 1807 really the end of the slave trade?
This lesson sequence for year 8/9 students was written by Jennifer Gridley from Brentside High School in Ealing.
Overall enquiry question
Should 1807 really be celebrated as the end of the slave trade?
- To investigate the role of the West Africa Squadron in combating the illicit slave trade after 1807
- To evaluate the success of attempts to suppress the slave trade after 1807
- To use historical evidence to test hypotheses and reach conclusions
- To decide whether 1807 actually marked the end of the transatlantic slave trade
Lesson plans (PDF, 0.09Mb)
Powerpoints and documents (ZIP, 4.13Mb)
Rationale for lesson plans (PDF, 0.07Mb)
Contextual essay (PDF, 0.08Mb)
This page contains PDF, ZIP files. See plug-ins and file formats for help in accessing these file types. |
The Practice of Finitism: Epsilon Calculus and Consistency Proofs in Hilbert's Program
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University of California, Berkeley
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. After a brief flirtation with logicism in 1917--1920, David Hilbert proposed his own program in the foundations of mathematics in 1920 and developed it, in concert with collaborators such as Paul Bernays and Wilhelm Ackermann, throughout the 1920s. The two technical pillars of the project were the development of axiomatic systems for ever stronger and more comprehensive areas of mathematics and finitistic proofs of consistency of these systems. Early advances in these areas were made by Hilbert (and Bernays) in a series of lecture courses at the University of Gttingen between 1917 and 1923, and notably in Ackermann's dissertation of 1924. The main innovation was the invention of the e-calculus, on which Hilbert's axiom systems were based, and the development of the e-substitution method as a basis for consistency proofs. The paper traces the development of the "simultaneous development of logic and mathematics" through the e-notation and provides an analysis of Ackermann's consisten... |
Identifying wintertime precipitation at the ground remains a challenge for observation platforms like radar and surface-based observations. In fact, just this past December 2nd, we encountered a situation where the turnover to snow was difficult to tell via these platforms | Identifying wintertime precipitation at the ground remains a challenge for observation platforms like radar and surface-based observations. In fact, just this past December 2nd, we encountered a situation where the turnover to snow was difficult to tell via these platforms. Fortunately, however, identifying precipitation type was aided by reports on Facebook and Twitter.
Now, we would like to introduce another tool that will allow you to help us, and in the process aid scientific research. This is all done via a smartphone app that allows you to send us anonymous reports while mapping your observation’s location in real-time online. This is done through the mPING Project and the app mPING. PING stands for Precipitation Identification Near the Ground.
What is it?
mPING is a product of NOAA National Severe Storms Laboratory in partnership with the University of Oklahoma and the Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies that allows users to anonymously report their precipitation type from a smartphone – be it an Apple or an Android device. These reports will aid researchers and their work, which is centered on winter surface precipitation type and hail occurrence/size. These data are then analyzed and then compared with the corresponding radar data. These reports and data will then be used to develop new radar and forecasting technologies and techniques. The researchers hope to build a valuable and extensive database with these reports coming from all across the United States.
How does it work?
mPING lets you report what precipitation type is occurring in real-time from your device, while automatically recording the time of the observation and the user’s location via your smartphone. All in all, it takes about five seconds! Excitingly, all reports in the PING database, both past and real-time, can be viewed on the project’s website. So anyone can see all the observations to better identify the locations where hazardous forms of precipitation exist and where the rain/snow line is.
Report types include:
Two things to remember:
mPING was designed with research goals in mine and, specifically, as a scientific tool for identifying winter surface precipitation type and hail occurrence/size.
Happy reporting – we hope to see south central and southeast Wisconsin active on the mPING map this winter season! |
This forage, whose scientific name is Medicago sativa, belongs to the family of legumes and the production is widespread throughout the Mediterranean area.
In the Vale del Ebro, an area where it is from our production, alfalfa has | This forage, whose scientific name is Medicago sativa, belongs to the family of legumes and the production is widespread throughout the Mediterranean area.
In the Vale del Ebro, an area where it is from our production, alfalfa has a lifecycle of about 5 years and may reach 6.
The crop was introduced into this area by the Persians in the first century BC and usually grows in irrigation and wetlands, with a fairly wide altitudinal range, since it appears between 200 and 2,000 meters.
Alfalfa production has diversified destinations in this area, detailed in the following order of importance, dehydration (over 63%), tedding (25%), and green consumption and silage (12%).
The dehydration process of alfalfa is divided into different phases. First, the crop pass for a pre-drying in the field to reach optimum levels of humidity, about 45%, then are handled and transported to the dehydration plant, where the forage is dried mechanically to achieve optimal levels for storage and packing.
In the process of artificial drying, the crop is placed in a horizontal cylinder or drum, and then is transported through the hot air that allows the gradual dehydration. The leaves, which dry faster, are |
The Animation Bible: A Guide to Everything--from Flipbooks to Flash
Over the last ten years, there has been a surge in the use of animation in various contexts, including animated entertainment, special effects for liveaction media and a host of | The Animation Bible: A Guide to Everything--from Flipbooks to Flash
Over the last ten years, there has been a surge in the use of animation in various contexts, including animated entertainment, special effects for liveaction media and a host of other fields, such as medical research. As animation expands beyond the confines of light entertainment, so also the growing number of animators and animation students must respond with not only the latest techniques in computer animation, but also with the vast wealth of non-digital techniques that continue to be used. The Animation Bible covers every conceivable animation process and technique, explaining and exploring their use through case studies of eminent and cutting-edge animators of the past and present. Illustrated with 650 colour images, the book also includes a series of applications exercises where the student can put into practice the techniques they have just been reading about. In addition the student is taken through all the stages of making an animated film, from pre-production concepts and scripts to the debut screening and distribution of the finished animation.
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Storytelling Strategies 36 Twisted Wire and Clay Figure
56 and Animated Effects
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Aardman Animations action actors Adobe Flash allowed animation production armature artists artwork background brickfilm camera cel animation centimeters characters charcoal clay color completed contexts Corpse Bride Courtesy create creative cutout cutout animation Damonte developed dialogue digital media digital technology direct film Disney drawing Dudok de Wit editing effects elements Email employed example explore feature figures film stock filmmaker Flash flipbook footage found footage frame by frame imagery images ink and paint layers light lines lip sync live-action look materials McLaren motion picture move movement Neubauer Norman McLaren objects Online pencil phenakistoscope photocopied photographic piece pixilation placed production process projector puppet recording relatively result rotoscoping scene Scratch Film scratching screen sequence sheet shot sound soundtrack space speed stop-motion animation story storyboard studio surface techniques television texture thaumatrope typically various Vaucher viewers visual watercolor |
Growing Grass Turns Roof Into a Lawn (Jan, 1933)
Growing Grass Turns Roof Into a Lawn
Covering a roof with growing grass might seem fantastic to most persons, but Louis Koefoed, an architect of East Rockaway | Growing Grass Turns Roof Into a Lawn (Jan, 1933)
Growing Grass Turns Roof Into a Lawn
Covering a roof with growing grass might seem fantastic to most persons, but Louis Koefoed, an architect of East Rockaway, N.Y., has found it practical as well as decorative. Since he applied a roofing of sod over tar paper to his dwelling last fall he has experienced a welcome decline in his coal consumption. Moreover, he expects the heat-insulating covering to keep his home twenty degrees cooler next summer. Pipes along the peak of the roof spray the growing grass with water and keep the “lawn” roof green. |
Masterton is situated at the northern part of the Wairarapa Valley and in the upper basin of the Ruamahanga River. The Waipoua River flows south-eastward through the town and joins the Ruamahanga | Masterton is situated at the northern part of the Wairarapa Valley and in the upper basin of the Ruamahanga River. The Waipoua River flows south-eastward through the town and joins the Ruamahanga River near the eastern borough boundary. The town occupies mainly flat land. Low hills impinge on the borough in the north. On the west, within about 10 miles, the country rises to the Tararua Range and, on the east, within 6–7 miles, to undulating and hilly country. The Wellington-Woodville section of railway and the main highway pass through the town. By road Masterton is 51 miles south-west of Woodville (49 miles by rail) and 64 miles north-east of Wellington (66 miles by rail); Eketahuna is 25 miles north (22 miles by rail); and Carterton is 9 miles south-west by road or rail.
The chief farming activity of the district is sheep raising. There is a limited amount of dairying. Lime for agricultural purposes is quarried at Gladstone (11 miles south), at Weraiti (3 miles south-east), and at Mauriceville (12 miles northeast). The New Zealand Forest Service manages an exotic plantation of about 4,300 acres at Ngaumu (19 miles south-east). At Waingawa (4 miles south-west) there is a meat-freezing works (established 1909). Coal gas is produced at Waingawa. Masterton is the chief commercial and market centre of the Wairarapa district. Town industrial activities include the manufacture of butter, culinary essences, joinery and furniture, household appliances, knitwear and clothing, plastic garments and buttons, concrete products, and ceramic tile ware; saw-milling; engineering; and fellmongering. There is a large milk-treatment station and wool, grain, and produce stores in the borough.
The first recorded European visitors to the district were Charles H. Kettle and Alfred Wills, whose party, including Maoris, travelled south from the Manawatu Gorge in 1842. On their return to Wellington they reported wide areas of land in the Wairarapa suitable for farming. Large sheep runs were leased from the Maoris in South Wairarapa as early as 1843, but little progress was made with settlement further north until the Wairarapa lands were purchased in 1853. Land around Castlepoint (42 miles east) was occupied as a sheep run in 1848 by Thomas Guthrie. After the earthquake of 1855 had destroyed a small but better anchorage on Palliser Bay, Castlepoint became the best of the landing places and shipping outlets serving the Wairarapa region. Goods were shipped via Castlepoint until the coming of the railway in the 1880s. Joseph Masters, prime mover of the Wairarapa Small Farms Association, founded Masterton. He arranged the finance for the town survey when State funds were inadequate. The first settlers arrived on the site in 1854. Others followed in 1855 and about this time a flourmill was erected. At first progress was slow but, with the expansion of sheep farming, Masterton became a centre for wool scouring, fellmongering, and the production of tallow. The formation of the track over the Rimutaka Range was commenced in 1853 and was opened for wheeled traffic in 1859. A regular |
Could sustainable energy projects provide a boost to jobs and skills across the country? A survey suggests they could but also highlights a number of obstacles to progress
It might be hard to believe, but amidst all the doom and gloom facing local government lies | Could sustainable energy projects provide a boost to jobs and skills across the country? A survey suggests they could but also highlights a number of obstacles to progress
It might be hard to believe, but amidst all the doom and gloom facing local government lies a positive vision for the future.
Nottingham, and Wrexham are just two examples of areas where sustainable energy projects are offering a way of both boosting ailing local economies and combating climate change. But such projects need to be properly and practically embraced at national and local level.
New research launched by Unison this week demonstrates the huge potential for councils to link efforts to combat climate change with the need to kick-start economic growth and create decent employment. The new green team: Local government, sustainable energy, jobs and skills was produced by the Association for Public Service Excellence (Apse) for Unison and is supported by the TUC.
The term ‘sustainable energy’ was used to cover renewable energy from wind, solar, tidal, biomass and geothermal sources as well as energy efficiency measures such as cavity wall and loft insulation and energy efficient heating. A survey of officers and elected members in councils across the UK found a hugely positive attitude towards sustainable energy projects exists in local government.
An overwhelming 99% of respondents said this would reduce their energy costs and 94% think there is an urgent need for such projects. And 82% believe the public in their area would be supportive of a high profile emphasis on sustainability and jobs growth through renewable energy and energy efficiency schemes.
There are a number of all too real obstacles to achieving the full potential of sustainable energy at present however. For a start, the majority of respondents do not believe sufficient skills exist to respond to sustainable energy opportunities – and only 12% think the national skills development programme is moving rapidly enough to equip people to meet green economy opportunities.
With the global economy for green goods and services predicted to expand to £4.3trn by 2015, the UK therefore needs to ensure political, professional, managerial, technical, trades and communications skills are in place to respond to opportunities this presents.
Considering the economic and environmental threats we face, it is also worrying that 94% of respondents think there is a need for closer links between environmental and economic policies nationally. Less than half believe there is sufficient strategic emphasis on the sustainable energy agenda at local level and lack of coherence between councils’ environmental and economic policies was evident from the research.
If there were ever a case for a truly joined up approach to the problems we face, this is it. Our new research contains case studies that demonstrate how bringing together measures to reduce carbon emissions with efforts to create employment can be an engine for economic recovery. Yet changes to levers such as Feed in Tariffs (Fits) are creating uncertainty for local government, with a review earlier this year hitting schemes over 50kw and rumours that potential cuts of 30% to 40% will impact on smaller projects after 31 March 2012.
Uncertainty also surrounds the new Green Deal energy efficiency programme. The government needs to ensure the Fits regime provides clear incentives, and to work with local authorities to establish how the Green Deal can best operate to stimulate economic growth.
Local government leadership is also crucial. A total of 79% of survey respondents believe councils should have a direct delivery as well as a facilitation role in sustainable energy projects. The establishment of new green teams would be a fruitful alternative to cuts.
Apse’s ‘revolving fund’ model, outlined in the report, shows how councils can provide income streams by tapping into renewable energy generation assistance packages. Although local authorities will be understandably cautious about any expenditure at the current time, our number-crunching proves such investment is ultimately self-funding.
Local and national government coming together for joint, practical actions to overcome barriers would enable sustainable energy projects to offer a long-term, local solution to some of the economic as well as the environmental challenges we face globally.
Councils are enthusiastic and have made a good start, but budgetary pressures, lack of knowledge and skills, the Fits review, and lack of political leadership are all thwarting their efforts.
Paul O’Brien is chief executive of the Association for Public Service Excellence and David Arnold is national policy officer at Unison. For a copy of the report The new green team: Local government, sustainable energy, jobs and skills contact Mo Baines ([email protected]) |
What is MRI?
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. There is no radiation involved with an MRI procedure. The MRI uses a powerful magnetic field, radio frequency | What is MRI?
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. There is no radiation involved with an MRI procedure. The MRI uses a powerful magnetic field, radio frequency pulses, and a computer to produce detailed pictures of organs, soft tissues, bone and virtually all other internal body structures. Detailed MR images allow physicians to better evaluate various parts of the body and certain diseases.
MR imaging of the body is used for evaluating but not limited to:
- Organs of the chest and abdomen—including the heart, liver, biliary tract, kidney, spleen, pancreas, and adrenal glands
- Pelvic organs, including the reproductive organs in the male (prostate and testicles) and the female (uterus, cervix and ovaries)
- Blood vessels (MR Angiography)
Physicians use the MRI examination to help diagnose or monitor treatment for conditions such as:
- Tumors of the chest, abdomen or pelvis
- Certain types of heart problems
- Blockages or enlargements of blood vessels, including the aorta, renal arteries, and arteries in the legs
- Diseases of the liver, such as cirrhosis, and that of other abdominal organs, including the bile ducts, gallbladder, and pancreatic ducts
- Cysts and solid tumors in the kidneys and other parts of the urinary tract
- Tumors and other abnormalities of the reproductive organs (e.g., uterus, ovaries, testicles, prostate)
- Causes of pelvic pain in women, such as fibroids, endometriosis and adenomyosis
- Suspected uterine congenital abnormalitynomalies in women undergoing evaluation for infertility
- Breast cancer and implants.
What to expect during your exam.
Some patients find it uncomfortable to remain still during MR imaging. Others experience a sense of being closed-in (claustrophobia). Sedation can be arranged for those patients who anticipate anxiety, but it is required that you have someone pick you up from the medical center or utilize our courtesy transportation service.
You will usually be alone in the exam room during the MRI procedure The technologist will be able to see, hear, and speak with you at all times using a two-way intercom and window. Many MRI centers allow a friend, spouse or parent to stay in the room as long as they are also screened for safety in the magnetic environment.
You may request earplugs to reduce the noise of the MRI scanner, which produces loud thumping and humming noises during imaging. MRI scanners are air-conditioned and well lit. Some scanners have music to help you pass the time.
How to prepare for the exam.
You may be asked to put on a gown for your exam. Jewelry and other accessories should be left at home, if possible, or removed prior to the MRI scan because they can interfere with the magnetic field of the MRI unit. Metal and electronic objects are not allowed in the exam room. These items include:
- Jewelry, watches, credit cards and hearing aids, all of which can be damaged
- Pins, hairpins, metal zippers and similar metallic items, which can distort MRI images
- Remo |
If you do genealogy, then you’ve got to love maps. Maps can help get you oriented, organized and straightened out when the research—and all the little bits of data you’ve collected—gets confusing. Say you find records under the | If you do genealogy, then you’ve got to love maps. Maps can help get you oriented, organized and straightened out when the research—and all the little bits of data you’ve collected—gets confusing. Say you find records under the same name, but in different townships. A map can help you to decide whether the records are likely to be for one man or more than one man.
What always trips me up, however, is that maps don’t stay the same over time. Records for one location may be in a different township or county—or even state—years or decades earlier or later. For instance, John2 Hoover’s (Andrew1) property in Greene County was originally part of land claimed by Virginia, so documentation can be found in Monongalia County, now West Virginia. But after Virginia and Pennsylvania settled their claims, part of John’s land was in Westmoreland County then Washington County, where the copied survey can be found, and finally Greene County.
What I love about the Genealogical Map of the Pennsylvania Counties from the Pennsylvania Land Office is that it shows the counties over time. You can see when certain parts of the Commonwealth were purchased. It also tells you when each county was created. For instance, the Fayette County area was part of land purchased in 1768. But Fayette County wasn’t created until 1783. It also shows you that Fayette was originally part of Cumberland County (#6), then Westmoreland County (#11).
The full map also includes little vignettes that show the counties for specific years. You can see how the jurisdictional landscape changed through the years. (Click on a thumbnail below to enlarge the image) It also includes information on each of the 33 land purchases from 1682 through 1792 that established the boundaries of the state of Pennsylvania.
Cite This Page:
Kris Hocker, “Pennsylvania Genealogical County Map,” /genealogy the genealogy & family research site of Kris Hocker, modified 20 Nov 2012 (http://www.krishocker.com/pennsylvania-genealogical-county-map/ : accessed 10 Mar 2014).
Content copyright © Kris Hocker. Please do not copy without prior permission, attribution, and link back to this page. |
Blunt answers, unpadded with courtesy, come accross as rude. That is a feature of English. See e.g. http://www.courts.state.hi.us/docs/CADR/CADR_LaBelle_MitigatedSpeech | Blunt answers, unpadded with courtesy, come accross as rude. That is a feature of English. See e.g. http://www.courts.state.hi.us/docs/CADR/CADR_LaBelle_MitigatedSpeech.pdf
It’s like failing to use the subjunctive in German.
The link led to a brief article from Hawaii’s alternative-dispute-resolution center discussing “mitigated,” “deferential,” or “indirect” speech:
…Tannen…argues that indirect speech does not necessarily reveal powerlessness, a lack of self-confidence, or anything else about the character of the speaker. She simply says that it is a natural and fundamental part of human communication. She notes that such speech varies by region, ethnicity, class, and gender, and can cause confusion and misunderstanding depending on the situation and the means of expression. For example, she points to the workplace as a place where we need to communicate with one another to get things done. And the way we choose to do this depends on who is being addressed—the boss, a peer, or a subordinate |
In 2005, there were 3.5 million hospital discharges among youth aged 1–21 years, or 4.1 hospital discharges per 100 children. This represents little change from 2004. Hospital discharge rates | In 2005, there were 3.5 million hospital discharges among youth aged 1–21 years, or 4.1 hospital discharges per 100 children. This represents little change from 2004. Hospital discharge rates generally decrease with age until about age 9 and then increase during later adolescence.
While injuries are the leading cause of death among children and adolescents older than 1 year, this category accounted for only 9 percent of the hospital discharges of children aged 1–14 years in 2005. Diseases of the respiratory system were the major cause of hospitalization for children 1–9 years of age, accounting for 31 percent of discharges. Pregnancy and childbirth accounted for 65 percent of hospital discharges of young women aged 15–21 years. Mental disorders were the leading cause of hospitalization among youth aged 10–14 years and the second leading cause among 15- to 19- and 20- to 21-year-olds. |
Who Passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
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Like so many of my generation who did voter registration work in the South during the 1960s, I have been saddened by the | Who Passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
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Like so many of my generation who did voter registration work in the South during the 1960s, I have been saddened by the debate that Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama sparked over whether Martin Luther King or President Lyndon Johnson was responsible for the landmark 1964 Civil Rights Act that outlawed discrimination in hiring and public accommodations. Instead of providing voters with a thoughtful view of the recent past, Clinton and Obama combined to offer a crude, "great man" theory of history in which King's vision and Johnson's pragmatism were portrayed as antithetical forces.
The debate has quieted down. But it should not be allowed to fade from the headlines without a reminder of the lesson this controversy threatened to obscure -- blacks and whites across America relied on one another to make the Civil Rights Act of 1964 a reality.
The act had its legislative origins in a June 11, 1963 speech that President John Kennedy delivered on national television after Justice Department officials, aided by federal marshals, forced Alabama Governor George Wallace to stand aside while two black students were admitted to the previously segregated University of Alabama. "If an American, because his skin is dark … cannot enjoy the full and free life which all of us want, then who among us would be content to have the color of his skin changed and stand in his place?" Kennedy asked the country.
But Kennedy's speech, which was followed hours later by the murder of Mississippi civil rights leader Medgar Evers in Jackson, did not guarantee a speedy passage of civil rights legislation. A coalition of southern Democrats and conservative Republicans stood in the way and the best that Kennedy could do before his November 22 assassination was to get his civil rights bill voted out of committee.
It fell to President Lyndon Johnson to get Kennedy's civil rights legislation enacted. Soon after taking office, Johnson made his intentions clear. "We have talked long enough in this country about equal rights," he told a joint session of Congress on November 27. "It is time now to write the next chapter and to write it in books of law." At this same time, Martin Luther King was playing a crucial role in shaping public opinion. His April 16 "Letter from Birmingham Jail" and his August 28 speech "I Have a Dream" galvanized millions of Americans who in the past had remained passive when support for civil rights was needed.
Still, it was not until 1964 that Kennedy's civil rights bill got through Congress. On February 10, the House passed the bill by a vote of 290 to 130 and on June 19, in the wake of a record-breaking 75-day filibuster, which took up 534 hours, the Senate passed its version of the civil rights bill by a 73 to 27 margin. Now Lyndon Johnson began pressuring Congress to reach agreement on a bill that he could sign by July 4.
At this moment, Johnson benefited not only from the civil rights coalition led by Martin Luther King but from the grassroots work of Bob Moses, then a young organizer for the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) who had been active in Mississippi since 1961. At a November 1963 SNCC meeting, Moses had proposed a 1964 "Summer Project" in Mississippi that would make extensive use of college students, getting them to teach in freedom schools and carry out voter registration drives. A black-white coalition, Moses believed, would engage the whole country. But no sooner had the Summer Project begun when three of its participants -- Michael Schwerner, James Chaney, and Andrew Goodman -- disappeared on June 21 near Philadelphia, Mississippi.
Their disappearance (their bodies would later be found buried in an earthen dam) could not be ignored by America. Television cameras and the print media descended on Mississippi while state officials acted as if nothing of importance had happened. "They could be in Cuba," joked Mississippi Governor Paul Johnson.
It was the worst response that the diehard segregationists of the Deep South could have made. The influence of Martin Luther King, Lyndon Johnson, and John Kennedy, along with years of demonstrations and sit-ins, had created a political tide that reached its peak with the disappearance of the three men. On July 2, two days ahead of schedule, Congress, under heavy public pressure, agreed to the civil rights bill that Johnson wanted. Five hours later in a White House signing ceremony timed to coincide with the evening news, the president addressed the nation.
"One hundred and eighty-eight years ago this week a small band of valiant men began a long struggle for freedom," Johnson told the nation. "Now our generation of Americans has been called on to continue the unending search for justice within our own borders." The analogy was unmistakable. The president was comparing the work of the Founding Fathers with that of the civil rights movement.
Martin Luther King, who was present at the White House signing ceremony, also had no doubts about the significance of the day or about Lyndon Johnson's role in making the civil rights bill law. "It was a great moment," King declared, "something like the signing of the Emancipation Proclamation by Abraham Lincoln."
Today, we cannot know exactly what Johnson and |
Ever wondered what it would have been like to be a domestic? To slave over your mistress or master in the hopes of earning a few measly pounds a year? You would have been one among many, that’s for sure. Nearly every household | Ever wondered what it would have been like to be a domestic? To slave over your mistress or master in the hopes of earning a few measly pounds a year? You would have been one among many, that’s for sure. Nearly every household who could afford the expense employed servants. Their number was a symbol of social standing with the aristocracy employing as many as fifty while those of the middle class might employ three or four, or as was often the case, only one, most likely a maid of all work.
The Domestic Working Class
In 1806 the number of domestics numbered around 910,000, only 110, 000 of them men. The first official census was enumerated in 1801, putting us a little off the mark for the 18th century, but the number of total population figures in at approximately 8,892,536 including Wales and England. Greater London during that time had a population of about 900,000.
From estimates dated 1775 to 1801, servants accounted for anywhere between 1 in 10 persons to 1 in every 4.5. But enough about the math! The population was growing a great deal during the mid to latter part of the 18th century and suffice it to say, domestics accounted for a large class of workers. Their living quarters were modest, their wages low, and the hours miserably long. This especially applied to females because they filled positions modern-day women are familiar with today: unskilled house work. Men were more commonly involved in cultivating and protecting land, husbandry, and attending to luxuries–that is to say, work that required apprenticeship. Surprise, surprise, right?Curiously, there was a tax instituted in 1776, paid by employers, of one guinea per male servant (the tax slightly higher for bachelors, slightly lower from families). The result? Men were effectively prohibited from doing housework.
Henry Robert Morland – late 18th century
To launder, sew, empty chamber pots, dust, haul water for baths, light fires, and shop–all these duties fell within the realm of women’s work. Although household positions came with wages, the domestic burden lay upon the female. Girls, often aged 13-14 years old, sometimes as young as eleven, were employed as the lowest order of servants: maids. A high turnover rate existed due to innumberable grievances and disputes between domestics and masters, but women could expect to continue working until marriage, typically around the age of 24 or later. Married women, and even more seldomly, married couples were employed in households. Many masters also imposed a strict dictate of celibacy, banning boyfriends and any others who might be interested in their female staff. This rule, however, was broken by masters themselves.
Female servants were deemed sexually available to males of the house: masters, their sons, guests, and other servants. These girls, often arriving in London in hordes, were typically farmer’s daugthers, more often than not from northern England. They were naive, quite young, and desperate for wages. And lucky for them, there were endless ways to offend their employers, including inciting the envy of a wife or mistress.
Domestic Servants and Abuse
While domestics were responsible for their fair share of thievery and dishonety, they lived at the mercy of their masters. Pregnancy was often cause for immediate dismissal. Since gaining employment in another house required a character reference, unresolved disputes resulted in much misery. Those who were fired might face months of unemployment. Worse yet, while those fired were owed wages up to date of dismissal, a servant who quit was owed nothing.
It was an untenable situation for many as their financial outlook was already poor. Wages could be deducted for breaking a household item, making a mistake, forgoing church, or other offenses such as drunkenness. Grounds for dismissal were many: insubordiance, dishonesty, theft (guilty or suspected), or merely for the master’s convenience when he and his household traveled abroad.
A Little Frosting on that Cake?
All was not awful, though, as perks did exist. Housekeepers received the leftovers from meals. Ladies maids enjoyed the castoffs from their mistresses. Tips, or vails, were a happy occassion. Upon departure of guests, domestics would line up in the foyer, eagerly waiting their 1 shilling. These vails sometimes accounted for half their yearly income, which was rather a lot when most maids rarely made over £10, but the occurrence of these perks dwindled by the end of the century. A fortunate domestic might be included in an inheritance but this windfall was very rare. As such, domestics were always on the lookout for the slightest economic opportunity, whether through fair means or foul. Another popular way to supplement income? Selling used tea leaves.
While domestics were supplied with room and board, allowances also padded income. These included a predetermined allotment of tea, clothes, and let’s not forget, the benefits of class. A strict, social hierarchy, much like the ones their employers ascribed to, existed among domestics. Working for a lord was |
October 27, 2011
Supercomputers can store more information than the human brain and can calculate a single equation faster, but even the biggest, fastest supercomputers in the world cannot match the overall processing power of the brain. | October 27, 2011
Supercomputers can store more information than the human brain and can calculate a single equation faster, but even the biggest, fastest supercomputers in the world cannot match the overall processing power of the brain. And they are nowhere near as compact or energy efficient.
Nevertheless, IBM is trying to simulate the human brain with its own cutting-edge supercomputer, called Blue Gene. For the simulation, it used 147,456 processors working in parallel with one another. IBM researchers say each processor is roughly equivalent to the one found in a personal computer, with one gigabyte of working memory.
This article was posted: Friday, October 28, 2011 at 3:46 am |
The invading army reached the outskirts of Rome, which had been left totally undefended. In 410 C.E., the Visigoths, led by Alaric, breached the walls of Rome and sacked the capital of the Roman Empire.
The | The invading army reached the outskirts of Rome, which had been left totally undefended. In 410 C.E., the Visigoths, led by Alaric, breached the walls of Rome and sacked the capital of the Roman Empire.
The Visigoths looted, burned, and pillaged their way through the city, leaving a wake of destruction wherever they went. The plundering continued for three days. For the first time in nearly a millennium, the city of Rome was in the hands of someone other than the Romans. This was the first time that the city of Rome was sacked, but by no means the last.
One of the many factors that contributed to the fall of the Roman Empire was the rise of a new religion, Christianity. The Christian religion, which was monotheistic ran counter to the traditional Roman religion, which was polytheistic (many gods). At different times, the Romans persecuted the Christians because of their beliefs, which were popular among the poor.
In 313 C.E., Roman emperor Constantine the Great ended all persecution and declared toleration for Christianity. Later that century, Christianity became the official state religion of the Empire. This drastic change in policy spread this relatively new religion to every corner of the Empire.
By approving Christianity, the Roman state directly undermined its religious traditions. Finally, by this time, Romans considered their emperor a god. But the Christian belief in one god — who was not the emperor — weakened the authority and credibility of the emperor.
Constantine enacted another change that helped accelerate the fall of the Roman Empire. In 330 C.E., he split the empire into two parts: the western half centered in Rome and the eastern half centered in Constantinople, a city he named after himself.
In 324, Constantine's army defeated the forces of Licinius, the emperor of the east. Constantine became emperor of the entire empire and founded a new capital city in the eastern half at Byzantium. The city was his New Rome and was later named Constantinople (the "city of Constantine").
Constantinople was advantageously situated for two reasons. First, it was on a peninsula that could be fortified and defended easily. Further, because Constantinople was located on the frontiers of the empire, imperial armies could respond more easily to external attacks or threats.Some scholars also believe that Constantine established a new city in order to provide a place for the young religion of Christianity to grow in an environment purer than that of corrupt Rome.
The western Empire spoke Latin and was Roman Catholic. The eastern Empire spoke Greek and worshipped under the Eastern Orthodox branch of the Christian church. Over time, the east thrived, while the west declined. In fact, after the western part of the Roman Empire fell, the eastern half continued to exist as the Byzantine Empire for hundreds of years. Therefore, the "fall of Rome" really refers only to the fall of the western half of the Empire.
Other fundamental problems contributed to the fall. In the economically ailing west, a decrease in agricultural production led to higher food prices. The western half of the empire had a large trade deficit with the eastern half. The west purchased luxury goods from the east but had nothing to offer in exchange. To make up for the lack of money, the government began producing more coins with less silver content. This led to inflation. Finally, piracy and attacks from Germanic tribes disrupted the flow of trade, especially in the west.
There were political and military difficulties, as well. It didn't help matters that political amateurs were in control of Rome in the years leading up to its fall. Army generals dominated the emperorship, and corruption was rampant. Over time, the military was transformed into a mercenary army with no real loyalty to Rome. As money grew tight, the government hired the cheaper and less reliable Germanic soldiers to fight in Roman armies. By the end, these armies were defending Rome against their fellow Germanic tribesmen. Under these circumstances, the sack of Rome came as no surprise.
Wave after wave of Germanic barbarian tribes swept through the Roman Empire. Groups such as the Visigoths, Vandals, Angles, Saxons, Franks, Ostrogoths, and Lombards took turns ravaging the Empire, eventually carving out areas in which to settle down. The Angles and Saxons populated the British Isles, and the Franks ended up in France.
In 476 C.E. Romulus, the last of the Roman emperors in the west, was overthrown by the Germanic leader Odoacer, who became the first Barbarian to rule in Rome. The order that the Roman Empire had brought to western Europe for 1000 years was no more. |
Window aggregate functions return a summary value representing a set of rows.
This syntax applies to the aggregate functions SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX, MEDIAN, FIRST_VALUE, LAST_VALUE, STDDEV, VARIANCE, COUNT, VAR_SAMP | Window aggregate functions return a summary value representing a set of rows.
This syntax applies to the aggregate functions SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX, MEDIAN, FIRST_VALUE, LAST_VALUE, STDDEV, VARIANCE, COUNT, VAR_SAMP, VAR_POP, STDDEV_SAMP, STDDEV_POP, COVAR_SAMP, COVAR_POP, REGR_SLOPE, REGR_INTERCEPT, REGR_R2, REGR_AVGX, REGR_AVGY, REGR_COUNT, REGR_SXX, REGR_SXY, REGR_SYY.
Each Window aggregate function can have an optional clause defining the size of the window, by default the window is unbounded i.e. the whole table/partition. This provides answers to questions such as "what is the average sale price over all time" or "What is the average sale price over the last 28 days"
Defining the Window size
The window (or the set of rows to be worked on) can be defined as a fixed number of rows, all preceeding or all following rows or it can be calculated based on comparing values (or time periods) in the current row with values in the ordered sequence. This definition is made with the ROWS or RANGE clause
Function([arguments]) OVER ([PARTITION BY value/expr] [ORDER BY expr [ASC|DESC] [ROWS | RANGE windowing_clause]]) windowing_clauses: INTERVAL 'nn' DAY PRECEDING INTERVAL 'nn' SECONDS FOLLOWING INTERVAL 'nn' MONTH PRECEDING BETWEEN x PRECEDING AND y FOLLOWING BETWEEN x PRECEDING AND y PRECEDING BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND y FOLLOWING BETWEEN x PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW BETWEEN x PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND y FOLLOWING column BETWEEN current.column +/- n AND current.column +/- m UNBOUNDED PRECEDING | FOLLOWING value/expr PRECEDING | FOLLOWING CURRE |
the Lion: By Maasai Warriors
We regret the loss of six cows, seven goats, seven sheep, one
donkey and six lions in the outskirts of Nairobi National Park.
From our sources the killing of six lions was not done | the Lion: By Maasai Warriors
We regret the loss of six cows, seven goats, seven sheep, one
donkey and six lions in the outskirts of Nairobi National Park.
From our sources the killing of six lions was not done to satisfy
a cultural tradition. The herdsmen hunted the lions as an act
of revenge for the loss of cattle. It is our hope that Kenya
Wildlife Service and the Maasai of Ilkeek-Lemedung'I will meet
soon and agree on a lasting solution to avert the loss of precious
lions and Maasai cattle in the future. Maasai Association does
not support lion hunt.
do Maasai warriors hunt lions?
a lion in the African savanna is an experience of a life time.
From this day your life will change forever. Hunting a lion
is traditional, fun, and dangerous. The question is, why do
the warriors do it?
following are some of the cultural reasons, strategies, and
tools used by the Maasai warriors on lion hunt.
hunt is a historical practice that played an important role
in the Maasai culture. The practice is different from trophy
hunting; it is symbolically a rite of passage rather than a
do the Maasai warriors hunt lions?
Maasai tribe sees lion hunting experience as a sign of bravery
and personal achievement. In the past, when the lion population
was high, the community encouraged solo lion hunting. However,
over the last ten years, due to the decline of the lion population,
mainly because of rabies and canine distemper virus, the community
has adapted a new rule that encourages warriors to hunt in groups
instead of solo lion hunt. Group hunting, known in Maasai as
olamayio, gives the lion population a chance to grow.
to Maasai customary laws, the warriors are not allowed to hunt
a lion, suffering from drought, snared or poison. The Maasai
believe that females are the bearers of life in every species.
As a such, it is prohibited to hunt a female lion-- unless the
lioness has posed threat to human or livestock.
Maasai understands that lions are important to the savanna's
ecology and culture. For that reason, the Maasai takes extra
caution when it comes to lion hunt. The Maasai warriors do not
just go out and hunt lions because they can. The rules are there
and are followed by every warrior
hunting experience allows the Maasai warriors to show off their
fighting ability on a non-human target. At the end of each age-set,
usually after 10-15 years, the warriors must count all the lions
hunted, then compare them with those hunted by the previous
age-set. The purpose is to compare lion hunting ageaccomplishment
between previous and current age-set.
a lion in a group
Empikas (warrior delegation) plan for lion hunting
a few days before the fact. The planning is done in a secret
manner. No one in the community, other than the warriors, should
know about the day of lion hunting |
A basic full wave rectified power supply is shown below. The transformer is chosen according to the desired load. For example, if the load requires 12V at 1amp current, then a 12V, 1 amp rated transformer | A basic full wave rectified power supply is shown below. The transformer is chosen according to the desired load. For example, if the load requires 12V at 1amp current, then a 12V, 1 amp rated transformer would do. However, when designing power supplies or most electronic circuits, you should always plan for a worst case scenario. With this in mind, for a load current of 1 amp a wise choice would be a transformer with a secondary current rating of 1.5 amp or even 2 amps. Allowing for a load of 50% higher than the needed value is a good rule of thumb. The primary winding is always matched to the value of the local electricity supply.
An approximate formula for determining the amount of ripple on an unregulated supply is:
where I load is the DC current measured through the load in amps and C is the value of the capacitor in uF.The diagram below shows an example with a load current of 0.1 amp and a smoothing capacitor value of 1000uF.
The calculated value of ripple is (0.1 * 0.007) / 1000e-6 = 0.7 volts or 700mV. The value of peak-peak ripple measured from the graph is 628mV. Therefor, the equation is a good rule of thumb guide for choosing the correct value for a smoothing capacitor in a power supply. |
Building global community, like the construction of the mishkan, requires everyone to participate.
We may not be able to provide medical care to refugees from Darfur, but we can commit to keeping the crisis at the forefront of our thoughts and actions. | Building global community, like the construction of the mishkan, requires everyone to participate.
We may not be able to provide medical care to refugees from Darfur, but we can commit to keeping the crisis at the forefront of our thoughts and actions. We may not be able to stop the AIDS pandemic, but we can advocate for better legislation to meet the needs of those suffering from the disease.
The mishkan was completed a year following the exodus from Egypt, leaving 39 more years in the desert (Exodus 40:17). The Israelites did not wake up the morning following its completion with nothing left to do. For them, and for us, the task of making the universe a worthy dwelling place for God continues, requiring us to repair and renovate the many situations that are broken.
Like the holy community that erected the mishkan, a holy global community must be centered around an ethical core. It must be a place where neighbors treat each other with respect, where disputes are settled in justice and where everyone beneath his vine and fig tree can live in peace and unafraid (Isaiah 2:4).
Did you like this article? MyJewishLearning is a not-for-profit organization. |
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