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Linux provides many ways for processes to communicate with each other. One of them is using pipes.
Like a pipe that carries water in which water enters from one end and exits from the other, in linux pipes data enters from one end and exits from | Linux provides many ways for processes to communicate with each other. One of them is using pipes.
Like a pipe that carries water in which water enters from one end and exits from the other, in linux pipes data enters from one end and exits from the other.
Pipes are created using the system call pipe() and the system calls read() and write() are used to read and write from the pipe. The c library in linux provides wrappers around these system calls which make their use much easier.
The function popen() is a wrapper for pipe, which allows us to create a pipe and read or write from it using c fuctions like fprintf,fscanf etc
Arguments : 1. command that will be executed by the child process.
2. The type of communication by the parent, i.e. whether the parent is going to read from the pipe or write into the pipe.
Return : It returns a file descriptor that gets created as a result of th call to the pipe.
The open() system call creates a pipe and returns two file descriptors, one that can be used to read from the pipe and one that can be used to write into the pipe. This can be visualized as follows
The popen function which recives these two descriptors decides the next step based on whether the process requested for a read or write operation from the pipe. That is the whether the second arguement to the pipe was "r" or "w"
If the second argument was "r" that is the process is going to read from the pipe then the wr |
Disease of Addiction – FAQ
1. Do you use drugs to help alleviate withdrawal process from drugs?
Yes. Depending on the nature of the drug used by the patient prior to admission, our medical team prescribes safe, short acting medications to | Disease of Addiction – FAQ
1. Do you use drugs to help alleviate withdrawal process from drugs?
Yes. Depending on the nature of the drug used by the patient prior to admission, our medical team prescribes safe, short acting medications to ease the acute withdrawal common in alcoholics and other drugs.
2. Do you use any of the newer drugs I’ve read about that supposedly help reduce cravings or shorten withdrawal?
No. We believe that addiction is a disease of the brain. Drugs produce a progressive dysregulation of brain reward circuiting, a state of non-equilibrium. Removing the drugs allows the brain to return to a state of equilibrium over time. Adding other drugs to “help” or hasten the process actually delays the brain’s return to a state of equilibrium or homeostasis.
3. How do you treat the addict who is also depressed and taking tranquilizers?
At our residential facility every patient’s medical history, including any psychoactive drugs currently being taken, is assessed carefully by our medical team. Both science and our experience point to the fact that, for the addict, depression as well as anxiety and other seeming mood disorders can actually be the result of addictive alcohol and drug use. When the patient’s history reveals that the psychoactive medication was begun after drug use began, we ask the patient to stop taking the medication.
The reasons are two fold:
- As stated earlier, the brain needs to reset itself to reach stasis, and
- Many psychoactive drugs produce changes in what are called “reward thresholds,” which leave the patient very vulnerable to relapse.
4. How does a patient then deal with being depressed, anxious or stressed?
Alcohol and drug addiction negatively affect how the addict feels, thinks and acts as well as how the body functions. Recovery entails learning new skills to deal with the impact on thinking and feeling and changing the dietary regimen through nutrition therapy. Dr. Milam found, for instance, that most alcoholics are hypoglycemic and, due to low blood sugar, suffer depression, mood swings, anxiety and cravings. Patients are taught to deal with these fluctuating feelings by using cognitive therapy and the principles of a 12-step program. After intensive treatment (inpatient or outpatient) every patient receives continuing care to practice new skills and deal with the stress of early recovery. Facing problems squarely usually brings a sense of relief as well as a growing sense of ease with sobriety. The most frequent comment we hear from our patients is “Thanks for giving me my life back to me.”
5. You treat adolescents. Don’t most kids addicted to drugs also have another mental disorder requiring medication?
No. Again science and our experience point to the opposite conclusion. Because the adolescent brain is still maturing, the effect of addictive drugs is more pronounced and occurs more quickly. Too often the behavior caused by the drugs is mistaken for a mental disorder and psychoactive drugs are prescribed that cause greater disequilibrium. As with adults, our medical team assesses each adolescent’s medication history and makes individual recommendations to parents on the medical necessity of each psychoactive drug. If a drug is removed, it is always tapered according to pharmaceutical protocols.
6. May I bring food to a patient when I visit?
We ask that you bring no food or drinks to patients at visitation. Part of the program of recovery is our nutritional program designed to help the healing of the brain and the body.
7. Can I talk to my patient’s counselor?
All questions by family members and friends about patients are directed to the family liaison. The family liaison will also contact family members about the educational opportunities offered at LMRC about the disease of addiction and its effects on family members.
8. What type of toiletries can the patient bring?
Adol |
Here’s something I never thought I’d hear, let alone write an article about – faecal transplants. Yes, it’s exactly what you think it is. Taking the poop out of one person and putting it into another. It’s a | Here’s something I never thought I’d hear, let alone write an article about – faecal transplants. Yes, it’s exactly what you think it is. Taking the poop out of one person and putting it into another. It’s a lot, more disgusting that it sounds, but this medical procedure actually has the potential to save lives. And would you believe, it’s been around since the late 1990s?
Dr. Alisdair MacConnachie is perhaps the only doctor in the UK to have ever performed the transplant. Calling it a proven treatment, this is how he says it’s done. A patient is put on antibiotics up until the night before, after which pills are given to control the stomach acids. The next morning a donor will come in and provide a stool sample. The donor is usually a close relative who tends to eat the same kind of food and lives in the same environment as the patient. Next, 1oz of the sample is taken and churned with salt water in a blender. Eww, right? No wait, it gets worse. The fluid is then poured through a coffee filter to produce a very watery liquid. And now, for the worst part – a tube is inserted up the patient’s nose that goes all the way down to the stomach. 1fl oz of the liquid is poured right in. I will now give you a moment to recover.
Photo © Lindspetrol
By now you must be wondering why on earth anyone would want to do that to themselves. Well, the procedure is apparently a ‘proven’ treatment for Clostridium difficile infection, when all else has failed. When a person takes excessive antibiotics, all the good bacteria in the intestines are sometimes swept right away. This lets the C. difficile bacteria multiply rapidly, causing an infection and resulting in diarrhea that can be fatal. More antibiotics are prescribed to these patients but if it doesn’t work, faecal transplants are the last resort, to restore the good bacteria.
Dr. MacConnachie says the treatment is very effective and all his patients, barring one, h |
Cat Ba Langur Conservation Project
To promote the survival of Cat Ba langurs in Vietnam
More than half of Vietnam consists of hills and mountains up to 3000 m asl. Originally nearly the whole country was covered by forests but nowadays | Cat Ba Langur Conservation Project
To promote the survival of Cat Ba langurs in Vietnam
More than half of Vietnam consists of hills and mountains up to 3000 m asl. Originally nearly the whole country was covered by forests but nowadays, with a human population reaching 80 million people - about 225 people/km²-, only about 10 % of the forests is left. This is one of the reasons why wild animals are so endangered.
The primates of Vietnam include about 25 species or subspecies, including slow loris, macaques, langurs and gibbons, of which 10 are endemic to Vietnam. 16 species or subspecies are listed in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The Delacour's langur (Trachypithecus delacouri), golden-headed langur (Trachypithecus geei), Tonkin snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus avunculus), and eastern black-crested gibbon (Nomascus nasutus) are even among the 25 most-threatened primate species wolrdwide. As a reult of unsustainable resource management, the habitat of many species of primates, particularly endemic ones, continues to decline dramatically. The WAZA In Situ Workshop, held at Chonburi (Thailand) in 2001, considered the surveillance and protection of primates in Vienam as a top priority.
In 1999, the golden-headed langur,Trachypithecus poliocephalus, also named Cat Ba langur, received the sad title of the most endangered primate of the world (Conservation International 2000). The species lives only on Cat Ba Island in the well-known World Heritage Site Ha Long Bay. Its distribution range was declared as a National Park in 1986, but this measure did not stop further population decline. The main causes for this decline were poaching, and destruction of habitat as a result of agriculture intensification and forestry. In October 2000, Münster Zoo and ZGAP jointly started the Cat Ba Langur Conservation Project. About 60 langurs in at least seven isolated subpopulations have since been identified on the island by the project manager Dr. Roswitha Stenke. Most of the groups do not have any natural possibility for contact with one another. Currently, about 30 % of the total population live outside the borders of the National Park. They are isolated on small islands or between agricultural areas and thus highly endangered by human activities. Information and awareness campaigns for the local human population as well as financial support to lower the need for poaching would have taken too much time to preserve the species. Therefore, as an urgent measure, a strictly protected sanctuary within the National Park was set up on a peninsula of about 8 km length and 3 km width at the eastern coast of Cat Ba Island. This area is connected via a narrow land bridge to the main island and supports about 40 % of the remnant langur population. The fjords between this peninsula and the main island were delimitated with blocking buoys and prohibition signs, a new ranger station was constructed and patrols of rangers were increased in this area. The local fishermen and house-boat settlers were informed about the creation of the sanctuary, the nature conservation laws and the status of the langurs. In addition, to preserve the remaining langur groups outside the National Park, guards entitled to take out unauthorised persons and to confiscate poaching equipment have been recruited from private households. All existing and potential sleeping caves as well as all hunter trails have been registered and are now regularly controlled. These measures showed a first big success: since the end of 2001 no further hunting activities have been observed. Since the start of the project, nine offspring have been born, while only three animals died in the same period, resulting in the first increase of the population for decades. However, relocation of isolated langurs into the sanctuary is necessary to enlarge reproductive rate and to avoid further loss of genetic diversity in the small remnant populations.
WAZA Conservation Project 04009 is jointly operated by Münster Zoo (Germany) and Zoologische Gesellschaft für Arten und Populationsschutz (ZGAP), and supported by Apenheul Primate Park (The Netherlands)and the Stiftung Artenschutz ("Species Conservation Foundation").
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Land of earthquakes and volcanoes?
A large earthquake is expected any time in Australia, but there is no way of knowing where or when it will occur.
ON WEDNESDAY 24TH FEBRUARY 2010 at 9 | Land of earthquakes and volcanoes?
A large earthquake is expected any time in Australia, but there is no way of knowing where or when it will occur.
ON WEDNESDAY 24TH FEBRUARY 2010 at 9:27am a small earthquake shook the Lithgow area of New South Wales. This is the sixth earthquake in NSW to be widely recorded on seismographs throughout southeastern Australia during February.
At a time when the Australian Government is planning to build a radioactive waste repository and being urged to join the nuclear power club by eminent lobbyists such as Bob Hawke amongst others, these earthquakes are a reminder to all that the Australian crust is not a geriatric, stable, immobile basement.
The continent as a whole is being carried along northward at 70mm/yr by deep-seated tectonic forces, so it is perhaps no surprise that stress has built up to breaking point in the 25-km-thick brittle upper crust in many parts of Australia.
NSW regularly experiences small earthquakes and occasional moderate ones; like the December 1989 Newcastle earthquake, with a magnitude of 5.6 on the Richter scale. Similar sized earthquakes have occurred in NSW before; near Dalton in 1886, 1934 and 1949; at Bowral in 1961; and Picton in 1973.
By sheer luck no one was killed in these earlier earthquakes although there was substantial damage and landslides.
Australia's earthquake history is mild but present
BUILDINGS IN THE SOUTH Australian capital Adelaide were damaged by a magnitude 5.6 earthquake in March 1954, just prior to the young Queen Elizabeth’s first visit. Amazingly no one was killed and the damage was cleaned up quickly prior to the royal visit.
In1902 two people died in Adelaide as a result of an earthquake southwest of Adelaide, that was magnitude 6.0 and there was an even larger earthquake in the southeast of South Australia in 1897, which caused damage locally and was felt as far as Melbourne and Tasmania.
The outstanding feature of this southeast region of South Australia is the landscape of young volcanoes there, Mt Gambier and Mt Schank, whose eruptions were suffered by local Aborigines, their campfires buried in volcanic ash.
These volcanoes are just the western end of a chain of hundreds of volcanoes that stretch across Victoria to the vicinity of Melbourne where many buildings and walls feature the local scoria or welded ash. Young volcanoes with extensive lava flows exist too in Queensland, so much for the stable continent!
Large earthquakes have occurred in the Northern Territory, one near Tennant Creek as recently as February 1988 was almost as big as the recent Haiti earthquake. It cracked the Earth’s surface leaving behind as evidence a 35 km long, 2 m high fault scarp.
The largest recorded earthquakes in Australia
THE FAULTING CRUMPLED and shortened the buried natural gas pipeline providing energy to Darwin and caused damage in the Tennant Creek hospital. Even larger earthquakes have occurred in Western Australia cracking the whole thickness of the 40 km thick crust.
In 1906 the largest recorded Australian earthquake occurred offshore from Exmouth, its magnitude at least 7.3. It was felt throughout the state of WA, about one-third of the land area of Australia.
The ancient Archaean shield, supposedly one of the most stable areas on Earth, was fractured in 1968 by a magnitude 6.8 earthquake that turned the standard gauge railway into a giant pretzel (pictured), ruptured the Kalgoorlie-Mundaring water pipeline and raised a 1 m high step in the main east-west highway.
Prior to the first useful seismographs being established in Australia in 1901, an incredible sequence of earthquakes struck north-eastern Tasmania, some of them up to magnitude 6.5 – yet Tasmanians have experienced few strong earthquakes since then.
Like Haiti the time between destructive earthquakes in Australia may be four hundred years or more and we have not yet lived long enough in this land to understand the nature of our earthquake problem.
The next big earthquake could occur at anytime
EVEN SO WE KNOW that a large magnitude 6 or greater earthquake occurs |
How To Read Body Language
What people say is often less important than their non-verbal communication.
Imagine walking into your office to find your boss standing with “arms akimbo” – that is, hands resting on both hips, thumbs facing | How To Read Body Language
What people say is often less important than their non-verbal communication.
Imagine walking into your office to find your boss standing with “arms akimbo” – that is, hands resting on both hips, thumbs facing backward, and elbows bowed outward. What would your first reaction be?
Of course, you would instinctively know that you were on the receiving end of a bit of attitude. The point is, without any words, gestures communicate a tremendous amount of information.
Why Reading Body Language Is Important
Words are not enough in communication. In fact, what isn’t said is often more important than what is. Knowing how to read body language can help you:
establish and maintain leadership or a competitive edge
create a more employee-friendly, cooperative work environment
increase your persuasive power (aka, earn a higher salary and close more deals)
hire the best people
So, here are 5 Quick and Dirty steps to read body language:
Step #1 - Observe What's Normal
How does the individual normally act? What does their body usually say? Here’s what you should look for:
Eye contact – Does the person normally maintain direct eye contact or do they tend to look away?
Words and speech patterns – Do they typically have a disfluent pattern (lots of “ums” and “ahs”) or are they smooth? Do they use qualifiers regularly in speech (words like “very,” “somewhat,” “a bit”)?
Posture and gestures – Do they typically use hand gestures? Or do they tend to keep still?
Personal space – How close do they usually stand? Do they prefer barriers between them and conversational partners?
All of us have personal and cultural biases, so it’s important to baseline or determine what is normal for each person before you assign any meanings to their gestures.
Step #2 - Notice Changes
When body language changes, that’s often a signal of something happening. Individual expressions and mannerisms can change gradually over time (with experience, promotions, responsibilities, etc.) or in an instant. The smallest unexpected, unpredictable, gesture can put a listener on alert. That’s why knowing what’s normal is important. Here’s what you should look for:
Are they avoiding eye contact when they typically don’t?
Are they smiling less? More? In a different way?
Are their hands nervous? Jerking? In their pockets?
Are they standing closer or further away?
Is their head lowered, shoulders slumped when normally they’re held high?
Are they talking more loudly? Softer? In broken sentences?
Step #3 - Apply Possible Meaning
It’s important to observe visual cues, along with words and expressions. If for example you observe smiling eyes, direct eye contact, and leaning forward toward you, these indicate positive interest in you and what you have to say. However, no eye contact or limited eye contact may indicate lying, disinterest, or distraction. However, also keep in mind that people who are really shy or uncomfortable in certain situations, may also have trouble maintaining eye contact. It is important to consider what’s normal for every individual before you jump to conclusions.
[[AdMiddle]If you observe tense facial features (flat mouth, pursed lips, eyebrows and forehead furrowed) it might indicate tension, fear, confusion, or anger. On the other hand, it could be that the person has a screaming headache. Scratching the nose, or rubbing the face or neck, tapping fingers, or fidgeting might indicate boredom or wanting the discussion to end. It could also be that they are a person with an attention deficit issue.
Again, the goal of this step is to apply possible meanings when there’s any deviation from the normal patterns of a given person’s body language.
Step #4 - Set a Goal
Next, decide what you want to know. Or, if you are delivering the message, what you want to convey. It is difficult, distracting, and not productive to observe every visual cue. Instead choose a goal so you can focus your attention:
If you want to know if someone is listening, then look to for direct eye contact, open body position, leaning in toward you, relaxed arms and legs.
If you want to know if someone is attracted to you, look for a natural smile, physical touch, leaning in towards you, and extended eye contact.
If you want to know if someone is lying, look for increased fidgeting, shifts in eye contact, frequent touching of the nose or face.
Step #5 - Practice Reading Body Language
Look toward multiple indicators as well as the context to help you interpret body language. It’s important not to assign a meaning from a single gesture.
Knowing how to read body language isn’t difficult once you become aware of what to watch for. Use these five steps to easily interpret body language in any circumstance. First observe what is normal, next notice changes and apply possible meanings, then set a goal, and finally, practice your observation skills.
This is Lisa B. Marshall, The Public Speaker. Passionate about communication your success is my business.
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What To Do For A Thermometer Spill
(or other small liquid mercury spills)
*If cleaning a broken compact fluorescent light bulb, view our CFL Clean-up Guidelines
Pre Clean-up Guidelines
Do Not Vacuum
The heat from the vacuum cleaner | What To Do For A Thermometer Spill
(or other small liquid mercury spills)
*If cleaning a broken compact fluorescent light bulb, view our CFL Clean-up Guidelines
Pre Clean-up Guidelines
Do Not Vacuum
The heat from the vacuum cleaner turns mercury into a toxic gas that is then inhaled. The vacuum cleaner also further disperses the mercury, and itself will be contaminated. Using the vacuum cleaner afterwards will continue to contaminate other parts of the home.
*Note: If cleaning-up a broken compact fluorescent light bulb (CFL), clean-up guidelines are different.
Avoid the Area
Mercury is easily cross-contaminated, or spread throughout the home, by way of shoes, clothing, or pets. Shut the door to the room or block off access to the contaminated area, and prevent anyone (especially children or pets) from getting to the area.
Ventilate the Area
Open windows, shut vents if furnace fan is on, turn off furnace fan. Mercury readily off gasses, or evaporates, at warmer temperatures. Try to manage airflow out of the area into other parts of the home by shutting vents and turning off the furnace fan. Try to ventilate the area and remove mercury vapors by opening windows. If the air conditioning is on, consider turning it off and opening windows in the home to encourage off gassing.
If the mercury spill is about the amount in a thermometer or smaller, follow the pre clean-up steps above and clean-up guidelines below. If the spill is larger than a thermometer, follow the pre clean-up guidelines, and call the Nebraska Mercury Call Line at 888-242-1100, Extension 4. If the spill is more than two tablespoons (1 pound), it is mandatory to call the National Response Center at 800-424-8802.
- Use the "flashlight test" to find all spilled mercury. Getting the room as dark as possible, shine a flashlight around the area where the spill occurred. Because mercury is metallic, it will reflect the light, making it easier to see.
- Collect all visible recoverable spilled mercury using an eyedropper or by gently scraping the mercury up with a card or paper. Place collected mercury in a non-metal, airtight container for disposal or recycling.
- Properly dispose of the mercury and contaminated items. Do not discard mercury in sink, toilet, or dumpster. See the Recycling and Disposal page for more information.
- Remove and dispose of all absorbent materials like carpeting or upholstery that were contaminated.
Anything used for clean-up (e.g. broom, card, gloves, etc.) must also be discarded. Consider discarding clothing worn during clean-up.
Care of Shoes
- If you have potentially stepped through a mercury contaminated area, it is possible that you may have trace amounts of mercury on the bottom of your shoes. Trace amounts of mercury will evaporate to the surrounding environment fairly quickly, particularly at warmer temperatures.
- The recommendation is to remove your shoes as soon as possible to avoid spreading contamination further. Leave your shoes outdoors to off gas any remaining mercury vapor for at least two or three days. If you are uncomfortable with this, you can dispose of your shoes in the normal trash.
Cleaning-up a CFL
Compact fluorescent light bulbs (CFLs), HID lamps, and some other types of bulbs contain a very small amount of mercury which can be released when the bulb breaks. The following recommendations should be used when a CFL breaks indoors.
Ve |
|This article may rely excessively on sources too closely associated with the subject, preventing the article from being verifiable and neutral. (February 2013)|
Main page of Wikidata
|Type of site||Knowledge base, wiki|
| | |This article may rely excessively on sources too closely associated with the subject, preventing the article from being verifiable and neutral. (February 2013)|
Main page of Wikidata
|Type of site||Knowledge base, wiki|
|Created by||Wikimedia community|
|Launched||29 October 2012|
|Alexa rank||31,788 (December 2013[update])|
Wikidata is a collaboratively edited knowledge base operated by the Wikimedia Foundation. It is intended to provide a common source of certain data types (for example, birth dates) which can be used by Wikimedia projects such as Wikipedia. This is similar to the way Wikimedia Commons provides storage for media files and access to those files for all Wikimedia projects.
Wikidata is a document-oriented database, focused around items. Each item represents a topic (or an administrative page used to maintain Wikipedia) and is identified by a unique number, prefixed with the letter Q—for example, the item for the topic Politics is Q7163. This enables the basic information required to identify the topic the item covers to be translated without favouring any language.
Information is added to items by creating statements. Statements take the form of key-value pairs, with each statement consisting of a property (the key) and a value linked to the property.
The creation of the project was funded by donations from the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and Google, Inc., totaling €1.3 million. Initial development of the project is being overseen by Wikimedia Deutschland and has been split into three phases:
- Centralising interlanguage links – links between Wikipedia articles about the same topic in different languages
- Providing a central place for infobox data for all Wikipedias
- Creating and updating list articles based on data in Wikidata
Wikidata was launched on 30 October 2012 and was the first new project of the Wikimedia Foundation since 2006. At this time, only the first phase was available. This enabled items to be created and filled with basic information; a label — a name or title, aliases — alternative terms for the label, a description, and interlanguage links for Wikipedia articles about the topic.
Initially, Wikidata was a self-contained repository of interlanguage links. No Wikipedia language editions were able to access Wikidata, and therefore had to continue to maintain their own sets of interlanguage links. On 14 January 2013, the Hungarian Wikipedia became the first to enable the provision of interlanguage links via Wikidata. This functionality was extended to the Hebrew and Italian Wikipedias on 30 January, the English Wikipedia on 13 February and all other Wikipedias on 6 March. After a proposal to restrict the removal of language links from the English Wikipedia did not reach consensus, automatic editors ("bots") were approved to delete them from the English Wikipedia.
The first aspects of the second phase were deployed on 4 February 2013, introducing statements to Wikidata entries. The values were initially limited to two data types (items and images on Wikimedia Commons), with more data types (such as coordinates and dates) to follow later. The first new type, string, was deployed on 6 March.
Phase 3 will involve the database querying and the creation of lists based on data stored on Wikidata.
- "Wikidata.org Site Info". Alexa Internet. Retrieved 25 December 2013.
- Wikidata (Archived at WebCite)
- "Data Revolution for Wikipedia". Wikimedia Deutschland. March 30, 2012. Archived from the original on September 11, 2012. Retrieved September 11, 2012.
- Dickinson, Boonsri (March 30, 2012). "Paul Allen Invests In A Massive Project To Make Wikipedia Better". Business Insider. Archived from the original on September 11, 2012. Retrieved September 11, 2012.
- Perez, Sarah (March 30, 2012). "Wikipedia’s Next Big Thing: Wikidata, A Machine-Readable, User-Editable Database Funded By Google, Paul Allen And Others". TechCrunch. Archived from the original on September 11, 2012. Retrieved September 11, 2012.
- Pintscher, Lydia (October 30, 2012). "wikidata.org is live (with some caveats)". wikidata-l mailing list. http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata-l/2012-October/001151.html. Retrieved November 3, 2012.
- Roth, Matthew (March 30, 2012). "The Wikipedia data revolution". Wikimedia Foundation. Archived from the original on September 11, 2012. Retrieved September 11, 2012.
- Pintscher, Lydia (14 January 2013). "First steps of Wikidata in the Hungarian Wikipedia". Wikimedia Deutschland. Retrieved 15 January 2013.
- Pintscher, Lydia. "Wikidata coming to the next two Wikipedias". Wikimedia Deutschland. Retrieved January 31, 2013.
- Pintscher, Lydia (13 February 2013). "Wikidata live on the English Wikipedia". Wikimedia Deutschland. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
- Pintscher, Lydia (6 March 2013). "Wikidata now live on all Wikipedias". Wikimedia Deutschland. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
- "Wikidata ist für alle Wikipedien da" (in German). Golem.de. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
- "Wikipedia talk:Wikidata interwiki RFC". March 29, 2013. Retrieved March 30, 2013.
- Pintscher, Lydia. "Wikidata/Status updates |
SS 1. Children will develop an appreciation of his/her role as a member
of the family, the classroom, and the community
c: Students will become aware of
responsiblities and services provided by the community.
Primary Learning | SS 1. Children will develop an appreciation of his/her role as a member
of the family, the classroom, and the community
c: Students will become aware of
responsiblities and services provided by the community.
Primary Learning Outcome:
Students will identify the different roles, uniforms, and equipment of |
The innovative and well-known cartographer and author of this map, Gerard Mercator, died in 1594, leaving his son Rumold to publish it in the last of three parts forming the famous Mercator atlas Atlantis Pars Altera. This | The innovative and well-known cartographer and author of this map, Gerard Mercator, died in 1594, leaving his son Rumold to publish it in the last of three parts forming the famous Mercator atlas Atlantis Pars Altera. This is not only the first, but also the most influential map to be devoted to the Arctic.
This particular map is the second state (edition or version) and was published by Jodocus Hondius in a French-language edition of Mercator’s atlas in 1606.
Of particular interest is the identification of the northern portion of the North American continent as California, the first use of the word other than in identifying the peninsula later known as Lower (or Baja) California. Here, California is identified as Spanish territory, El streto de Anian is clearly shown, and importantly the notion of a northwest passage between the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans is reinforced by this view of the top of the world. In the corners of the map are four roundels, the lower left of which contains the title of this map; the others contain maps of the Faeroe Isles, the Shetland Islands and the mythical island of Frisland (located on the map southwest of Iceland).
The North Pole is encompassed by four islands (one of which is only partially shown) separated by four strongly running rivers. According to a popular myth of the time,4 the four rivers carried the oceans of the world toward a giant whirlpool at the Pole, where there stood a large rock, clearly shown here.
4. Burden, Mapping of America, 113. ↑ |
Editor's Note: Vishnu Sridharan is Program Associate in the Global Assets Project at the New America Foundation. This post is part of the Global Innovation Showcase created by the New America Foundation and the Global Public Square.
By Vishnu S | Editor's Note: Vishnu Sridharan is Program Associate in the Global Assets Project at the New America Foundation. This post is part of the Global Innovation Showcase created by the New America Foundation and the Global Public Square.
By Vishnu Sridharan - Special to CNN
Since July, at least 745 people have been killed and 8 million affected by monsoon rains and flooding across Southeast Asia. In response to the floods of the past week, a number of countries pledged assistance: U.S. Marines arrived in Bangkok last Saturday with equipment and sandbags; China has provided 64 rescue boats and water-purifying equipment; Japan has come forward with tents, blankets, mattresses and electricity generators. In addition to the provision of these ‘in-kind’ goods, however, Australia and the Philippines stepped in with a kind of aid that only a couple years ago was considered controversial: cold, hard cash.
As UNICEF’s Barry Sesnan described in 2004, “New aid workers [were] warned by older and wiser aid workers never to give cash money to beneficiaries… The fear of giving money [was] almost pathological among aid agencies.” As late as 2007 UNICEF, did not believe that there was enough evidence to widely implement cash transfer programs, and in 2008 World Vision stated they were a “clear departure” from its typical programming and “not widely accepted” as an emergency response option.
Nowadays, however, most aid workers agree that the question is not “whether” cash is an appropriate way to meet the needs of disaster-affected people, but “how” to maximize its impact. What changed their minds?
The main concerns about cash transfers come in four basic flavors: improper spending, disadvantaging women, market stability and security/corruption. As more cash transfers were piloted in emergency contexts, the first two worries quickly dissipated. Data showed that households overwhelmingly use cash transfers to purchase necessities, and in countries where women were the primary recipients, the primary impact was female empowerment. In addition, although injections of cash sometimes created inflation, projects were able adjust the size of transfers to address the problem.
The most significant changes to sway thinking about emergency aid, however, have been technological. Aid workers can avoid the security risks of delivering cash in person by texting it to recipients via mobile, as is happening in Kenya. When a government is skimming 10 percent of payments, as was happening in Pakistan, workers gave ATM cards to beneficiaries and enabled branchless banking. When aid staff was concerned that refugees returning home in Afghanistan and Guatemala would collect their “one-time” reintegration payment multiple times, they employed iris scans and fingerprinting.
With refined program design and enabling technologies, the impact of cash transfers in crises has been compelling. Last week USAID announced that its cash for work program improved food security for 250,000 Haitians, and that it is expanding its program to reach 700,000. Emergency cash programs in Zimbabwe kept recipients fed during peak famine times, and programs in South Sudan doubled recipients’ assets and enabled them to school their children.
Cash transfers as part of emergency aid packages have gained mainstream acceptance. For instance, the recently released 2011 Sphere Handbook, “the gold standard for humanitarian assistance” that is generally recognized (including by UNICEF and World Vision) as the primary source for good practices in emergency response, describes cash transfers as a way “to address basic needs and to reestablish livelihoods” in crises.
In addition, direct payments have also been shown to have an amazing impact outside of crises. In countries as diverse as Brazil, Mexico and the Philippines, conditional cash transfers – which require recipients to do things like send their kids to school and get vaccinations – have significantly reduced poverty and income inequality, and exciting work suggests that they could be crucial in building assets.
Of course, even though cash transfers are a powerful tool, they are not appropriate for all emergency contexts. If goods are not locally available or if markets are not accessible and functioning, then ready money will be of little use to recipients, at least in the short-run. Also, if the affected populations prefer food and clothing donations as opposed to or in addition to cash, aid workers should honor that.
Recent changes in international aid have been described as a “quiet revolution” against “giving aid to government bureaucrats and consultants,” and a renewed focus on giving cash “directly to poor people so they can pull themselves out of the poverty trap.” Emergency cash transfers are one powerful example of how advances in technology have enabled us to empower individuals in even the direst of circumstances. It’s inevitable that the personal identification techniques and branchless banking will continue to rapidly evolve; we can only hope that the international aid efforts will be able to keep up. |
Google is harnessing the collective computing power of its users to help model complex proteins, a project that could lead to the development of cures for Alzheimer's, cancer, AIDS and other diseases.
The project, called Google Compute, lets select Google | Google is harnessing the collective computing power of its users to help model complex proteins, a project that could lead to the development of cures for Alzheimer's, cancer, AIDS and other diseases.
The project, called Google Compute, lets select Google Toolbar users allow their unused computing time to be contributed to the nonprofit Folding@home project at Stanford University. The goal of Folding@home is to model the fundamental processes of life itself -- the geometric structure of proteins.
Google Compute is an example of distributed computing, a process that speeds up work on very large problems by dividing the work among many computers. Each individual computer downloads a small portion of a problem, computes results, sends these back to the main computers that manage the project, fetches another problem set, and so on.
Google itself is one of the largest distributed computing systems ever created, using more than 10,000 computers to power its search engine. The company is contributing its knowledge of distributed computing to assist the Folding@Home project, and plans to participate in other distributed computing programs in the future.
Google Compute is designed to be completely unobtrusive and non-invasive. It only works when your computer is idle, and won't affect your computer in any way. There's an "on/off" toggle that gives complete control over when the program is run.
Why would you want to participate in this project? Apart from the obvious satisfaction gained from helping contribute to some important scientific research, you can also check out "stats" that show how much you computer has contributed relative to other "Team Google" participants.
Google is rolling out the program starting today, but it's only going to be made available to about 500 hundred Toolbar users at first, according to Google spokesperson Nate Tyler. If the program is successful, it will be made available to all Google Toolbar users at some point in the future.
Stay tuned: We'll let you know as soon as the project is released to the entire Google community and you too can participate in the efforts to cure the world's ills.
Google Compute - Frequently Asked Questions
Answers to common questions about Google Compute -- except for how to sign up for the program if you're not selected for the trial group. You can't -- yet.
Team Google - Stats
See how much progress participants in the Google Compute project have made since the project's inception last summer.
The home page for the Folding@Home project, with links to detailed information on the project, stats, and a downloadable 3-D window/screensaver that allows the user to see the protein being simulated.
Yahoo |
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
|Look up n-word in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.|
N-word may refer to:
- Nigger – Common euphemism for "nigger" or "nigga": viz., | From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
|Look up n-word in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.|
N-word may refer to:
- Nigger – Common euphemism for "nigger" or "nigga": viz., variant forms of a word commonly used in a derogatory way meaning or relating to black people, the latter form a colloquial reference typically utilized without malice and within the black community itself
- The N-Word – 2004 documentary by Todd Larkins Williams
- The N Word – 2005 memoir by Stephen Hagan
- Nazi – Euphemism for reference to Nazism as broad, political slur (as of 2010[update]: by analogy with F-word)
- Negation (linguistics) – Linguistic term referring to words such as not, nobody, and nothing
- In Danish grammar – Linguistic term meaning "of common grammatical gender," as opposed to t-words, meaning "nouns of the neuter gender"
|This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title.
If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. |
November 4, 2004
Shoah Tale Rescues a Rescuer
Working as a Catholic social worker in the underground network Zegota during World War II, Irena Sendler headed an operation to smuggle Jewish | November 4, 2004
Shoah Tale Rescues a Rescuer
Working as a Catholic social worker in the underground network Zegota during World War II, Irena Sendler headed an operation to smuggle Jewish children out of the Warsaw ghetto. Over 16 months, her volunteers spirited youngsters out in sacks, suitcases or body bags, through sewers, basements and subterranean passageways. Because Sendler eventually hoped to reunite the children with their parents, she scribbled their names and locations on scraps of paper and buried them in jars in a garden. She did not reveal the names even when she was captured and tortured by the Gestapo, whose beatings broke her legs and feet, and left her permanently disabled.
In all, she helped rescue approximately 2,500 Jews -- more than twice the number saved by Oskar Schindler -- although her equally heroic deeds remained obscure for decades after the war. Sendler remained a historical footnote, in fact, until three teenagers a continent away discovered her story and turned it into a play in 1999.
Since then, students at Uniontown High in Uniontown, Kan., have presented the interactive piece, "Life in a Jar," at schools and civil groups throughout the world. They've shared Sendler's story during interviews with outlets such as USA Today, Ladies Home Journal and CBS. During productions, they've passed a jar to collect funds for the 94-year-old rescuer -- who, as a result, has been able to move from her cramped apartment to a comfortable rest home.
As the 66th anniversary of Kristallnacht, the "night of broken glass" considered to be the start of the Holocaust, approaches this week, "Jar" comes to Southern California for performances sponsored by the Milken Family Foundation.
"We're hoping to convey the talmudic [mandate], 'He who saves one life, saves the entire world," "Jar" co-author Megan Stewart, 19, said of the production. "As Irena told us, 'You are like farmers. You don't sow seeds of food, but seeds of good. Try to make the circle of good that surrounds you grow bigger and bigger.'"
Although it is unusual to hear a Kansas non-Jew cite the Talmud, Uniontown is not the first rural school to capture headlines with a project involving Jews and the Shoah. Next year, Miramax will release the documentary, "Paper Clips," about a Holocaust memorial established by students in Whitwell, Tenn. -- which, like Uniontown (population 267) has no Jewish residents.
"We're predominantly white, Anglo-Saxon Protestant, with a few Catholics and Hispanics," Uniontown history teacher Norman Conard said of the high school. "There's very little diversity."
Which is one reason Conard encouraged classmates Stewart, Elizabeth Cambers and Sabrina Coons to select a topic promoting diversity and tolerance for a National History Day contest in 1999. The students decided on Sendler after reading a short 1994 article on the social worker in U.S. News & World Report.
"We were captivated by the sheer number of people she helped save," Cambers, 20, said. "We thought '2,500' must be a typo."
Since Uniontown High doesn't have a library, the students struggled to find information about Sendler online; while much had been written about fellow Poles Schindler and Wladyslaw Szpilman of "The Pianist," the girls found only brief references to Sendler. Because they assumed she had died, they contacted the Jewish Foundation for the Righteous to locate her grave; instead, they learned she was alive, if ailing and in a wheelchair, in Warsaw. They promptly wrote her a letter and an international friendship began.
Meanwhile, "Jar" won the state level of the National History Day project and productions were booked throughout Kansas; one Jewish viewer was so impressed he raised funds to send the authors to Poland to meet Sendler in 2001.
When the students finally greeted the 4-foot-11 rescuer, "We ran up and hugged her and cried," Cambers said. "We told her she is our hero, but she said she doesn't think of herself as a hero. 'Heroes do extraordinary things,' she told us; she just did what she had to do."
The students have tried to follow her example by raising money for Sendler and other impoverished rescuers, who will receive wheelchairs courtesy of the "Jar" project. Because of the media attention, the Zegota activist has also received numerous honors, including a $10,000 humanitarian award from the American Center of Polish Culture in Washington, D.C. in 2003.
"I can't find the words in order to thank you, my dear girls," she wrote to "Jar's" authors. "Please be aware that all the honors now I am receiving from many parts are only due to your merit. Before the day you have written the play, "Life in a Jar," which you are presenting constantly, nobody in my own country and in the whole world cared about my person and my work during thi |
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1. This 2010 Most Endangered Civil War battlefield remains as the only location where a sitting US President | Skip to main content
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1. This 2010 Most Endangered Civil War battlefield remains as the only location where a sitting US President came under hostile fire during a battle:
Pickett’s Mill Cedar Creek Fort Stevens Vicksburg Gettysburg
During the second day of the Battle of Fort Stevens a curious President Abraham Lincoln climbed up onto a parapet at Fort Stevens and was subsequently taken under fire by Confederate sharpshooters. Only after several direct exhortations did the President step back down into the fort.
Learn More: Battle of Fort Stevens
2. At the Battle of Pickett’s Mill (May 27, 1864), Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman ordered Maj. Gen. Oliver O. Howard to attack the Confederate right flank. Prior to his transfer to Sherman’s command, Howard was a corps commander at which Eastern Theater debacle:
The pell mell Union retreat from Henry House Hill during the Battle of Bull Run The disastrous Union assault at Cold Harbor The Union defeat at the Coaling at Port Republic The rout of the Union II Corps at Ream’s Station The rout of the XI Corps at Chancellorsville
Maj. Gen. Oliver O. Howard was the commander of the ill-fated XI Corps at the Battle of Chancellorsville. On May 2, 1863, Howard’s corps was struck in the flank by Stonewall Jackson’s forces and driven back with heavy losses. Many consider this crumbling of the Union right flank to be the decisive factor in the Confederate victory at Chancellorsville. Recently CWPT completed its purchase of the 85-acre Wagner Farm tract where Howard desperately tried to rally his crumbling command.
Learn More: Battle of Pickett's Mill, Battle of Chancellorsville
3. The Confederate army’s scrappy defense of the mountain passes during The Battle of South Mountain (September 14, 1862) allowed them just enough time to reunite their army in time for this significant Civil War battle:
Appomattox Court House Gettysburg Second Manassas Antietam Chattanooga
The outnumbered Confederate forces atop the South Mountain passes desperately hung onto their positions knowing that slowing the Army of the Potomac here would allow Robert E. Lee to retrieve Stonewall Jackson’s Corps which was at Harpers Ferry. The delay brought on by the actions on South Mountain allowed Lee to have his full command at the Battle of Antietam on September 17, 1862.
Learn More: Battle of South Mountain, Battle of Antietam
4. Which of the following is an incorrect statement with regards to the Battle of the Wilderness (May 5-6, 1864):
This was the opening battle of US Grant’s 1864 Overland Campaign A heavy concentration of Union artillery helped to drive back a Confederate attack at the Widow Tapp field Many wounded soldiers perished on the battlefield as fire swept through portions of the Wilderness battlefield Robert E. Lee attempted to lead the Texas Brigade during their attack on the Union left Lt. Gen. James Longstreet was severely wounded in a friendly fire incident
The dense second-growth forest that covered much of the Wilderness Battlefield prevented the Union Army from fully employing its superior artillery units in this battle.
Learn More: Battle of the Wilderness
5. This great Civil War battle was the final significant battle fought in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia. Southern forces surprised and routed a portion of the Union army which in turn rallied and delivered a stunning counterattack against their bold attackers:
Cedar Creek Third Winchester Port Republic Kernstown Fisher’s Hill
Jubal Early’s Confederate forces struck the unsuspecting Union forces at Cedar Creek early in the morning on October 19, 1864. Unfortunately for the Confederates, the momentum of the morning’s victories was lost and the Union army, rallied by the late arriving Phil Sheridan, unleashed a powerful counterattack that decimated Early’s army. Sheridan’s triumph at Cedar Creek helped bolster Abraham Lincoln’s re-election campaign in 1864.
Learn More: Battle of Cedar Creek
6. The Confederate victory at the Battle of Thoroughfare Gap (Aug. 28, 1862) was strategically significant for this reason:
Lee’s army could use Thoroughfare Gap as a safe retreat route from Maryland The Manassas Gap railway, a crucial supply source for southern forces at Spotsylvania Courthouse, would remain open The victory allowed James Longstreet’s Corps to arrive just in time to save Stonewall Jackson’s isolated corps and defeat the Union army at Second Manassas By holding the Union forces back from the pass, Lee’s movement into Maryland was largely unseen by prying Union eyes
Stonewall Jackson’s command, isolated on the old Bull Run battlefield, faced the much larger Union Army of Virginia. Sensing the risk that his divided Army of Northern Virginia faced, Robert E. Lee was anxious to reunite his army as soon as possible. Maj. Gen. John Pope’s failure to use the defensive terrain of Thoroughfare Gap to block the arrival of James Longstreet’s command greatly contributed to his crushing defeat at the Battle of Second Manassas (Aug. 28-30, 1862)
Learn More: Battle of Thoroughfare Gap, Battle of Second |
EPA Method 305.1:
Acidity by Titration. Official Name: Acidity (Titrimetric)
The pH of the sample is determined and a measured amount of standard acid is added, as needed, to lower the pH to | EPA Method 305.1:
Acidity by Titration. Official Name: Acidity (Titrimetric)
The pH of the sample is determined and a measured amount of standard acid is added, as needed, to lower the pH to 4 or less. Hydrogen peroxide is added, the solution boiled for several minutes, cooled, and titrated electrometrically with standard alkali to pH 8.2.
This method is applicable to surface waters, sewages and industrial wastes, particularly mine drainage and receiving streams, and other waters containing f |
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ARMONK, NY and SINGAPORE - 19 Sep 2008: A team of scientists at IBM (NYSE: IBM) and the Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS) have discovered that microRN | Select a topic or year
ARMONK, NY and SINGAPORE - 19 Sep 2008: A team of scientists at IBM (NYSE: IBM) and the Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS) have discovered that microRNAs --small molecules that are an important regulatory component in the machinery of living cells -- actually regulate the differentiation of stem cells and have roles that go way beyond what was previously thought.
The work uncovers new ways by which microRNAs regulate how genes are made and could provide alternative explanations for some observations that biologists have made in recent years.
The work is expected to provide new insights on cell process regulation and how it relates to the onset of diseases such as cancers, neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes and others. It is also expected to suggest future avenues for novel diagnostics and the development of therapeutics.
In 2003, IBM scientists developed a mathematical model for predicting microRNA targets. The model led to conjectures about an expanded role for microRNAs, which IBM set out to study with GIS scientists by focusing on mouse stem cells. IBM used computation to guide the experimental effort that was carried out at GIS.
"We have made yet another step towards understanding the intricate nature of microRNAs and the roles they play in the regulation of cellular processes," said Isidore Rigoutsos, Manager of the Bioinformatics Group in IBM Research's Computational Biology Center. "The finding that microRNAs can extensively target locations in the amino acid coding regions of a transcript is an exciting discovery and reveals another important aspect of microRNA activity."
GIS Senior Group Leader, Dr. Bing Lim, added, "We learn from this study that the targeting of coding regions by microRNAs can also have a real impact on cells. We observed that a single microRNA forced into the powerful embryonic stem cell can impose differentiation. This is exciting because one could envisage using microRNAs as a small molecule to control the differentiation of stem cells, or to make new stem cells. The fun part of this research was the visualization of a trend of thought from computational prediction all the way to cell transformation."
Details of Discovery
For more than a decade, microRNAs were assumed to primarily interact with their targets through the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of the targets' mRNA. The nucleotide sequences of the targeted locations were believed to be generally conserved across different organisms whereas interactions with mRNA regions beyond the 3'UTR were thought to be atypical.
Some of the new research findings suggest that microRNA targets in the amino acid coding region (CDS) of a gene's mRNA may in fact be as frequent as those in the mRNA's 3'UTR, providing experimental evidence to a conjecture put forth in an earlier publication by the two teams. It also shows that a gene's CDS serves as template of microRNA targeting activity, in addition to its coding for the corresponding protein's amino acid sequence.
Working with three microRNAs whose expression increases upon differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), the teams show that Nanog, Oct4 and Sox2, three transcription factors that are central to maintaining the pluripotency of mouse ESCs and determining the initiation of differentiation, are controlled through their CDS region by the three studied microRNAs. By introducing mutations at the identified target locations, the two teams showed that they could prevent the downregulation of these transcription factors and delay stem cell differentiation.
For the majority of the validated microRNA targets, their sequence is not conserved in the rhesus and mouse counterparts of Nanog, Oct4 and Sox2. This suggests that seeking putative microRNA targets by aligning the instances of a gene across different organisms will underestimate the number of bona fide microRNA targets. Additionally, the studied microRNAs generally have multiple targets in the CDS region of the same gene possibly suggesting an underlying need for redundancy that can ensure the downregulation of the intended target. Finally, several of the studied targets stride exon-exon junctions: this finding suggests a role for microRNAs that of the selective targeting of a gene's splice variants.
"This discovery has vast implications for the role that computational models can play in biological science," said Ajay Royyuru, Senior Manager for the Computational Biology Center at IBM Research. "Computational biology allows scientists to develop theories using powerful computers and even preliminarily prove those theories prior to conducting experiments in wet labs -- which reduces the time spent on trial and error throughout the process of scientific discovery."
Prof Edison Liu, Execu |
What is it? Iron is a mineral found in cells and organs throughout the body, much of it in the red blood cells. Some iron is also stored away in the liver, spleen, bone marrow, and muscles.
Why do we need | What is it? Iron is a mineral found in cells and organs throughout the body, much of it in the red blood cells. Some iron is also stored away in the liver, spleen, bone marrow, and muscles.
Why do we need it? Iron helps build proteins in the blood, which transport oxygen throughout the body. And it is this oxygen that gives us the energy we need to function. A person with iron deficiency would lack energy and feel short of breath or irritable.
How much do we need? Infants are born with about a 6-month supply of iron, and so will need much less dietary iron than children and adults. From newborn to six months, babies require only 0.27 milligrams (mg) per day, a requirement easily met with breast milk or fortified infant formula.
At the 7-month mark, daily iron needs increase:
Adolescent girls and adult women need higher levels of iron to make up for loss during menstruation. Also, women who are pregnant or breast-feeding may require more of the mineral each day.
Where is it found? Many type |
|White Muscadine Disease|
|Hazards:||Hazardous to beneficial insects, may also infect mammals, including humans|
Beauveria bassiana is a fungus that grows naturally in soils throughout the world and causes disease in various | |White Muscadine Disease|
|Hazards:||Hazardous to beneficial insects, may also infect mammals, including humans|
Beauveria bassiana is a fungus that grows naturally in soils throughout the world and causes disease in various insects by acting as a parasite; it thus belongs to the entomopathogenic fungi. It is being used as a biological insecticide to control a number of pests such as termites, whitefly, different beetles and its use in the control of the malaria-transmitting mosquitos is under investigation. The species is named after the Italian entomologist Agostino Bassi who discovered it in 1835 as the cause of the muscardine disease of silkworms. Beauveria bassiana (formerly also known as Tritirachium shiotae) is the anamorph (the asexually reproducing form) of the fungus species Cordyceps bassiana. The teleomorph (the sexually reproducing form) was discovered in 2001.
The disease caused by the fungus is called white muscardine disease. When spores of the fungus come into contact with the body of an insect host, they germinate, enter the body, and grow inside, eventually killing the insect. Afterwards a white mold grows on the cadaver and produces new spores. Most insects living near the soil have evolved natural defenses against the fungus, but many other insects are susceptible.
The fungus does not appear to infect humans or other animals and is considered safe as an insecticide but the spores might cause a problem to people with breathing difficulties. The microscopic spores are typically sprayed on affected areas; the plan for malaria control is to coat mosquito nets with them.
Beauveria bassiana parasitizes a very wide range of arthropod hosts, and so should be considered a nonselective pesticide. It should not be applied to flowers visited by pollinating insects.
- Lygus bugs
- Chinch bug
- Fungal gnats
- Colorado potato beetle
- Mexican bean beetle
- Japanese beetle
- Boll weevil
- Cereal leaf beetle
- Bark beetles
- Black Vine Weevil
- Strawberry root weevil
- European corn borer
- Codling moth
- Douglas fir tussock moth
Beauveria bassiana rapidly colonizes the host organism, killing within a matter of days, depending on ambient temperatures. Best action is achieved during warm, humid weather.
Primarily applied as an emulsified suspension (ES) or wettable powder (WP), though research is being done into using lures in order to limit exposure to non-target species.
The low selectivity of this biocontrol is cause for great concern and caution when applying. It can affect beneficial insects (such as lady beetles), and can also affect the lungs and nasal passages of mammals, including humans, particularly in individuals with compromised immune systems, though the US EPA lists it as safe for human exposure, with "no expected health risks to humans."
Soil dwelling arthropods generally have resistance, as the fungus is common in soils throughout the world.
- " |
Population: 163,857 (est.)
Language(s): English, French
Capital: Saint Peter Port and Saint Helier
The Channel Islands are an archipelago of British Crown Dependencies in the English Channel, off the French coast of Norm | Population: 163,857 (est.)
Language(s): English, French
Capital: Saint Peter Port and Saint Helier
The Channel Islands are an archipelago of British Crown Dependencies in the English Channel, off the French coast of Normandy. They include two separate bailiwicks: the Bailiwick of Guernsey and the Bailiwick of Jersey. They are considered the remnants of the Duchy of Normandy, and are not part of the United Kingdom. They have a total population of about 168,000 and their respective capitals, Saint Peter Port and Saint Helier, have populations of 16,488 and 28,310. The total area of the islands is 194 km².
The Bailiwicks have been administered separately since the late 13th century; common institutions are the exception rather than the rule. The two Bailiwicks have no common laws, no common elections, and no common representative body (although their politicians consult regularly). |
Marathas should not only be proud that Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj was a Maratha, but they should also acknowledge that he has had a lasting influence on the Marathi psyche, which makes their people more nationalistic and self | Marathas should not only be proud that Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj was a Maratha, but they should also acknowledge that he has had a lasting influence on the Marathi psyche, which makes their people more nationalistic and self confident than those of many other Indian states.
At the same time, Shivaji should be elevated to the status of a ‘national hero for modern India’, for he embodied all the qualities that are so badly needed in today’s Indian politicians: Shivaji was fearless and his courage was extraordinary. He was devoted to his own country, call it Bharat or Bhavani Bharati, or India. He was truly secular, never harming his enemies’ wives and children and though he was a devoted Hindu, he never destroyed a mosque.
He was a great administrator; whatever he conquered, he saw to it that it was justly administered. He was absolutely free of corruption and cared little for his own comfort. He had great vision and wanted to unify India. Because of his sacrifice, India’s culture, spirituality and social fabric is better preserved from Mumbai to Kanyakumari.
There are a few who have tried to hijack Shivaji and bind him for their own purposes. One such is Marathi writer and activist Sanjay Sonavani, who wrote a piece in Lokmat on November 19, attacking the Foundation Against Continuing Terrorism for building a shrine and a museum in Pune. First, the article is full of glaring errors: the Foundation has erected a shrine dedicated to Bhavani Bharati, not Shivaji; second, FACT is trying to build a museum of Indian history named after Shivaji and which honours him, but Shivaji’s history will only be a part of the museum.
Sonavani attacks FACT on three counts: he says FACT is trying to make a god out of Shivaji; he objects to the fact that Shivaji is associated to Bharat Mata; and he says FACT is trying to link Shivaji to the Vedas. But FACT never said Shivaji was god, we only quoted Aurobindo Ghosh who wrote that he was a Vibhuti. A Vibhuti is not god but an instrument of god. Sri A |
Geo::Surface - A surface description.
Geo::Surface is a Geo::Shape
my $island = Geo::Surface->new($outer, $lake1, $lake2);
In this context, a "surface" is defined as | Geo::Surface - A surface description.
Geo::Surface is a Geo::Shape
my $island = Geo::Surface->new($outer, $lake1, $lake2);
In this context, a "surface" is defined as one filled area with possible enclosures in one projection system.
When called as instance method, some defaults are copied from the object where the call is made upon.
You may either provide a Math::Polygon::Surface SURFACE, or a LIST of lines. In the latter case, the first line is the OUTER polygon of the surface, and the other are all INNER enclosures: lakes. Lines are and Geo::Line, Math::Polygon objects, or ARRAY of points.
If no projection is specified, then the projection of the first Geo-encoded line will be used.
-Option--Defined in--Default proj Geo::Shape see Geo::Proj::defaultProjection()
Returns a LIST of enclosed polygons, converted to Geo::Line objects.
Returns the outer polygon as Geo::Line object.
Returns a LIST of enclosed Math::Polygon objects.
Returns the outer Math::Polygon.
Returns the area enclosed by the outer polygon, minus the erea of the enclosures. Only useful when the points are in some orthogonal projection.
The bounding box of outer surface polygon.
The length of the outer polygon. Only useful in a orthogonal coordinate systems.
Returns a string representation of the line, which is also used for stringification.
When Geo::Line objects are used to compose a surface, each of them must be filled. Representation of rivers and such do not belong in a surface description.
Only a subset of all objects can be used in the distance calculation. The limitation is purely caused by lack of time to implement this.
This module is part of Geo-Point distribution version 0.94, built on December 21, 2012. Website: http://perl.overmeer.net/geo/ All modules in this suite: "Geo::Point", "Geo::Proj4", "Geo::WKT", "Math::Polygon", "Geo::GML", "Geo::ISO19139", "Geo::EOP", "Geo::Format::Envisat", and "Geo::Format::Landsat".
Please post questions or ideas to the mailinglist at http://[email protected]
Copyrights 2005-2012 by [Mark Overmeer]. For other contributors see ChangeLog.
This program is free softwa |
Log In - Wiffiti
SHOUT: Explore. Connect. Act.
In an educational setting, the social media classroom is designed to augment or—when physical co-presence is not possible—to replace face-to-face interaction. The power derived | Log In - Wiffiti
SHOUT: Explore. Connect. Act.
In an educational setting, the social media classroom is designed to augment or—when physical co-presence is not possible—to replace face-to-face interaction. The power derived from using social media in group learning processes comes not from a more efficient computerized extension of older communication forms—the classroom discussion, texts to be read, essays and theses to be written. The power of social media in education and elsewhere derives from their affordances for forms of communication and social behavior that were previously prohibitively difficult or expensive for more than a tiny elite to benefit. Social Media Classroom |
Physicians Assistant Michelle Spica from the Charlotte Medical Group in Charlotte, tells us Swimmer's Itch is what's going around this week.
Swimmer's Itch is a local reaction on a person's skin caused by coming in contact with | Physicians Assistant Michelle Spica from the Charlotte Medical Group in Charlotte, tells us Swimmer's Itch is what's going around this week.
Swimmer's Itch is a local reaction on a person's skin caused by coming in contact with parasites that can be found in lakes or other slow-moving fresh water.
Symptoms include itchy, raised red bumps that usually occur within hours of infection and don't generally last more than a week.
You can use anti-histimines to help with the itching, and topical hydrocortisone to help with inflammation. You should also avoid the infected water. Wearing water-resistant DEET may help prevent the parasites from infecting the skin.
Dr. Les Searls at the Ingham Regional Medical Center in Lansing says doctors have treated some cases of suspected food poisoning.
Symptoms generally include fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, and loss of appetite -- and can last for several days.
It's important to drink plenty of fluids, because you can get dehydrated. Keep a close eye on kids, because they can get dehydrated very quickly.
Pregnant women should always call a doctor if they think they may have food poisoning.
The best way to prevent food poisoning is to handle and cook food properly.
See a doctor if you have severe symptoms of food poisoning, like bloody diarrhea, or if you've been sick for a few days. Certain types of food poisoning can be life threatening. |
Heres another problem that I haven't been able to figure out, I need some assistance:
Suppose there is a such that when:
Sounds like a very good teacher!
I once taught a course called "Quantitative Methods for Economics and Business | Heres another problem that I haven't been able to figure out, I need some assistance:
Suppose there is a such that when:
Sounds like a very good teacher!
I once taught a course called "Quantitative Methods for Economics and Business Administration" using a text book assigned by the Business Administration department. On one page of this book we were given three laws of limits:
1) If and then
2) If and then
3) if and and M is not 0, then
On the very next page, they introduced the derivative as the limit of the difference quotient:, completely ignoring the fact that the denominator necessarily goes to 0 so this limit could NEVER be done using only those laws!
Yes, that property is very important, and fairly easy to prove.
Let. Then, by definition of limit, given any there exist such that if then. Note the "<" symbol at the left of |x-a|. It does not matter what happens at x= a because then |x-a|= 0! (I am using the subscript on to distinguish if from the given in the problem.)
Now, given any, we can use the smaller of and to prove that. If 0< |x- a|< the smaller of and, then both and f(x)= g(x) are true. So we can replace f(x) by g(x) in that expression: and we are done!
If the limit for f is equal to L, then:
There exists a delta>0 such that: 0<|x-a|<delta => |f(x)-L|<epsilon. since f(x)=g(x) => |g(x)-L|<epsilon.
So we have: if 0<|x-a|<delta => |g(x)-L|<epsilon. Therefore the limit of g as x approaches a is L. So the limits at a are equal. |
(This article originally appeared in the Dec.,
GAMES STUDENTS PLAY
Using Classroom Games To Teach & To Learn
By Larry Ferlazzo
“Trick them into thinking they aren’t learning and they do,” says Roland “Prez” | (This article originally appeared in the Dec.,
GAMES STUDENTS PLAY
Using Classroom Games To Teach & To Learn
By Larry Ferlazzo
“Trick them into thinking they aren’t learning and they do,” says Roland “Prez” Pryzbylewski, a teacher in the HBO television series “The Wire.” In the show, he gets a very challenging group of kids to learn math by showing them how to determine odds as they play dice for Monopoly money.
Learning another language can be a challenging and often frustrating experience for many of our students. No matter how motivated students are, a good teacher must have many instructional “weapons” at his/her disposal to help students engage in the class and not have to endure it. Games are one of those weapons.
I often use games in my classroom, and I have six criteria for any game I use. The first is that they require no or extremely minimal preparation on my part. The second is that if any materials are needed they are developed by the students themselves -- the preparation for the games in itself is a language learning experience. The third is that, in addition to not costing me much time, they can also be done without costing me any money. The fourth is that the game is designed in a way to strongly encourage all students in the class to be engaged at all times. The fifth is that the game, after being modeled by me a number of times, can periodically also be led by a student. And, finally, the last criteria is that I must feel like the students are learning by playing the game and the students must feel like they are having fun by playing it.
I’d like to share some games I’ve found that meet this criteria and can be adapted to all levels of instruction (and to most other subjects in addition to language). I suspect that few, if any, are particularly original. I’m sure that many of them been developed by other teachers, and I’ve picked them up through conversations and reading about them. However, if they have, I certainly cannot remember where I first learned about them, and I offer my apologies to their originators.
GAMES USING SMALL WHITEBOARDS
Having a few small, handheld whiteboards can make a number of games go smoothly, though pieces of scratch paper can act as substitutes.
I divide the class into small groups of generally four or so students. I change how the groups are formed – sometimes I allow students to choose their own partners and at other times I just have them “number off.” However, I always reserve the right to move students around if I feel that one group is obviously too strong or weak.
One game is calling out a question to answer or a word or sentence to spell, giving the groups twenty or thirty seconds to write the answer (and telling them not to raise their board until I say time is up), and then having them show me the answer. The groups with the correct answer get a point. This way everyone has an opportunity to score a point, not just the first one with the answer. I’ll sometimes end this game, and others, with an opportunity for each team to bet all or part of their points on the last question (like in “Final Jeopardy”).
A similar game with some different twists is having each group rotate having one person from their group stand up in front with a small whiteboard. All other group members have to remain in their seats. I’ll again ask questions that must be answered in writing by the person in front. However, their groups can help them by yelling out help. The first person to get the answer correct scores a point for their group. Needless to say, this game can get a little noisy.
Another game where the whiteboards come in handy is “Hangman.” In my version, though, we dispense with the hanged man himself (a little too violent of an image for my taste and it just adds unneeded complexity and an unnatural ending to the game itself). I have students guess entire sentences and not just words, with a space between the word blanks, and the blanks I write on the board are further distinguished by different color blanks for each word. If we’re studying food, for example, instead of having to guess the word “milk,” they have to guess the sentence “I drink milk in the morning.” This way students can learn sentence structure and the game can easily be made harder for students with a greater grasp of the language being taught.
In my version of the “Hangman” game, students are again in groups. I give each group a turn to guess a letter, and will either write a correct letter in the appropriate blank or an incorrect letter below the blanks. Groups get a point deducted if they incorrectly guess the sentence. The first group that writes the correct sentence on their whiteboard scores a point. Groups can guess the sentence at anytime, ev |
The world's most famous athlete that ever was, heavyweight boxer Muhammad Ali. From the moment young Ali wandered into a Louisville, Kentucky youth boxing program, the sport became his life. An Olympic champion at age 18, Ali rose quickly to the | The world's most famous athlete that ever was, heavyweight boxer Muhammad Ali. From the moment young Ali wandered into a Louisville, Kentucky youth boxing program, the sport became his life. An Olympic champion at age 18, Ali rose quickly to the top.
More than any other man in the 60s, Ali spread the word that "Black is beautiful." Colorful and funny, he spouted crazy poetry to rile and upset opponents and prove that boxers weren't all just tongue-tied gorillas. His conversion to Islam in the 1960s pitched him into the middle of the national conflict over race and the Vietnam War. Refusing military induction on religious grounds, Ali was stripped of his heavyweight title but came back to regain both his title and the public's love.
This is the story of a talente |
New information about the extent of the 1872 Owens Valley earthquake rupture, which occurs in an area with many small and discontinuous faults, may support a hypothesis proposed by other workers that these types of quakes could produce stronger ground shaking than plate | New information about the extent of the 1872 Owens Valley earthquake rupture, which occurs in an area with many small and discontinuous faults, may support a hypothesis proposed by other workers that these types of quakes could produce stronger ground shaking than plate boundary earthquakes underlain by oceanic crust, like many of those taking place along the San Andreas fault.
Published estimates of the 1872 Owens Valley earthquake in southeastern California put the quake at a magnitude 7.4-7.5 to 7.7-7.9. Early work indicates the Owens Valley fault is ~140 kilometers long, and ~113 kilometers ruptured in 1872. Recent work comparing magnitude estimates from reported shaking effects versus fault rupture parameters suggests that the Owens Valley surface rupture was either longer than previously suspected, or that there was unusually strong ground shaking during the event. Colin Amos of Western Washington University and colleagues tested the hypothesis that the 1872 rupture may have extended farther to the south in Owens Valley. They conclude that the 1872 Owens Valley earthquake did not trigger additional rupture in the Haiwee area, indicating that the 1872 rupture was not likely significantly longer than previously reported.
Amos and colleagues dug trenches in the southwestern Owens Valley area to look at the prominent Sage Flat fault east of Haiwee Reservoir. The trench data, combined with dating of the exposed sediment, allowed them to p |
Understanding the Importance of Loads in Accurate Shooting
Accuracy relies on marksmanship, the firearm, and the load. If one element is weaker than the others, the others must be improved to get the same results. As with selecting the correct | Understanding the Importance of Loads in Accurate Shooting
Accuracy relies on marksmanship, the firearm, and the load. If one element is weaker than the others, the others must be improved to get the same results. As with selecting the correct firearm, determining the correct load for the game you’re hunting makes the difference between making a clean kill and wounding game.
The correct load is the combination of firing elements that delivers enough energy and bullet performance for accurate shooting—and if you’re hunting, that means the shot results in a clean kill.
Selecting an Effective Load
A responsible muzzleloader hunter chooses a load that shoots accurately and drives a large, heavy bullet at sufficient velocity to make sure that both lungs can be penetrated by a broadside shot at a range of up to 125 yards. Such bullets retain greater kinetic energy than round balls, improving the likelihood of a clean kill. |
Chapter Essay Questions
Chapter 1 : New World Beginnings, 33, 000 BC – 1769 AD
What were the common characteristics of all Indian cultures in the New World, and what were the important differences among them?
What | Chapter Essay Questions
Chapter 1 : New World Beginnings, 33, 000 BC – 1769 AD
What were the common characteristics of all Indian cultures in the New World, and what were the important differences among them?
What fundamental factors drew Europeans to the exploration, conquest and settlement of the New World?
What was the impact on the Indians, Europeans and Africans when each of their previously separate worlds ‘collided’ with one another?
Should the European encounter with the Indian peoples of the Americas be understood primarily as a story of conquest and exploitation, or as one of the mutual cultural encounter that brought beneficial as well as tragic results for both?
Chapter 2 – The Planting of English America, 1500 – 1733
Compare and contrast the early colonial empires of Portugal, Spain and England in terms of motives, economic foundations, and relations with Africans and Indians. What factors explain the similarities and differences in two ventures?
Which was the most important factor shaping the development of England’s southern colonies in the 17th Century : Indian relations, the one-crop plantation economy, or slavery? Explain and support your answer.
How did the interaction and conflict between English settlers and Indians affect both parties, and contribute to developments that neither group sought?
What were the diverse purposes of England’s American colonies and how were those purposes altered in the early years of settlement?
Chapter 3 – Settling the Northern Colonies, 1619 – 1700
Compare and contrast the New England and middle colonies in terms of motives for founding, religious and social composition, and political development.
Describe and analyze the English government’s relationship with the New England and middle colonies during the course of the 17th Century. Is the term ‘benign neglect’ an accurate description of English colonial policy?
Discuss the development of religious and political freedom in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New York and Pennsylvania. How did the greater degree of such freedoms enjoyed by Rhode Island and Pennsylvania affect life in those colonies?
Chapter 4 – American Life in the 17th Century, 1607 – 1692
How did factors of population, economics, disease and climate shape the basic social conditions and ways of life of early Americans in both the South and New England?
What was the underlying cause of the expansion of African slavery in English North America?
How did the numbers and condition of women affect family life and society in New England, among southern whites and among African American slaves? Compare and contrast the typical family conditions and ways of life among various members of these three groups.
Compare the conditions of 17th social, economic and religious life in New England and Chesapeake region.
Chapter 5 – Colonial Society on the Eve of Revolution, 1700 – 1775
What features of colonial politics contributed to the development of popular democracy, and what kept political life from being more truly democratic?
What were the causes and consequences of the Great Awakening?
Describe the structure of colonial society in the 18th Century. What developments tended to make society less equal and more hierarchical?
Chapter 6 – The Dual for North America, 1608-1763
Why did the British and their American colonial subjects win the contest with the French for control of North America?
Explain why Britain’s success in defeating the French empire led to the failures in dealing with its colonial subjects.
How did the events in France, Britain and elsewhere in Europe affect the history of North America in this period?
Chapter 7 – The Road to Revolution, 1763-1775
Why did the American colonies move from loyalty to protest to rebellion in the twelve years following the end of the French and Indian War?
Was the American Revolution inevitable? Or could the thirteen colonies have remained attached to Britain for many years and then peacefully achieved their independence as the British colonies of Canada and Australia later did? How would the ‘meaning of America’ have been different without this violent revolt from the mother country?
Is it correct to argue that the British possessed an overwhelming military advantage at the outbreak of the Revolutionary War, but that the Americans possessed the political advantage in ideology and leadership?
Chapter 8 – America Secedes from the Empire, 1775-1783
What were the causes and consequences of the American Declaration of Independence in 1776?
Describe the different courses of the Revolutionary War in New England, the middle Atlantic states and the South. What role did the battles in each region play in the eventual American victory?
How did economic and social self-interest compete with revolutionary idealism during the course of the Revolution? In what ways was the conflict about economic self-interest and social class a |
a Free-Hand 3D Input Interface
Last updated on December 15, 2006
Making 3D models should be an easy and intuitive task like Free-hand sketching. This paper presents iSphere, a 24 degree | a Free-Hand 3D Input Interface
Last updated on December 15, 2006
Making 3D models should be an easy and intuitive task like Free-hand sketching. This paper presents iSphere, a 24 degree of freedom 3D input device. iSphere is a dodecahedron embedded with 12 capacitive sensors for pulling-out and pressing-in manipulation on 12 control points of 3D geometries. iSphere exhibits the top-down 3D modeling approach for saving mental loads of low-level machineries. Using analog inputs of 3D manipulation, designers are able to have high-level modeling concepts like push or pull the 3D surfaces. Our experiment shows that iSphere saved steps of selecting control points and going through menus and make subjects more focus on what they want to build instead of how they can build. Novices saved significant time for learning 3D manipulation and making conceptual models, but lacking of fidelity is an issue of analog input device.
iSphere was demonstrated in the Things That Think consortium at MIT Media Lab on Oct. 18, 2004. We use iSphere in 3D Studio MAX to make Halloween pumpkins.
iSphere is an intuitive 3D modeling user interface using the information collected from the user to improve 3D modeling processes. iSphere is an input device for modeling 3D geometries through hand manipulation. This device is equipped with capacitive sensors that can respond the proximity of hand positions to 3D modeling systems. It allows users to manipulate 3D geometries using high-level modeling concepts like push or pull the 3D surfaces. By collecting proximity information between hands and input device, 3D systems are benefited to execute modeling commands proactively.
Play and Build
Traditionally, 3D designers plan and build their concepts in 3D CAD systems. The bottom-up approach limits the diversity of design outcomes during the early design stage. We purpose a top-down 3D modeling approch that allows designers to play and build 3D models and develop their concept directly.
The First CAD system
The first CAD system-"Sketchpad" by Ivan Sutherlan, MIT, 1963. It has GUI, multiple windows, trackball, and joysticks.
Lee, C.H., Hu, Y., Selker, T. iSphere: A Free-Hand 3D Modeling Interface, International Journal of Architectural Computing, Issue 01 Volume 04, 2006 (Full-text PDF)
Lee, C.H., Hu, Y., Selker, T. iSphere: a Proximity-based 3D Input Interface, Full paper in proceedings of CAAD Futures 2005. (Full-text PDF)
Lee, C.H., Selker, T., Precher, E., Gens, R., iSphere: a Proximity-based 3D Input Device, poster at SIGGRAPH 2004, ACM Student Research Competition Semi-Finalist. (poster)
We thank Elliott Prechter, Subodh Paudel and Rob Gens for their urop contribution at MIT Media Lab. |
It Started with a Problem
A few years ago, students at the University of Maryland – College Park noticed a problem that is common at colleges across the country: huge amounts of leftover food from campus dining halls and sports events were being thrown away. | It Started with a Problem
A few years ago, students at the University of Maryland – College Park noticed a problem that is common at colleges across the country: huge amounts of leftover food from campus dining halls and sports events were being thrown away. At the same time, 1 in 8 people in the D.C. area were struggling with hunger. Furthermore, food from the UMD dining halls was sitting in landfills, contributing to global warming.
Then the Students Got Involved
In 2011, three students from different campus organizations came together to form the Food Recovery Network (FRN) at Maryland. They put together a team, got student groups to volunteer one night a week, and worked with Dining Services to start recovering leftover food.
In the first weeks, students were recovering 150-200 pounds of food a day. Every night of the week, a different student group on campus would spend an hour recovering food from the dining halls and donating it to shelters in the D.C. area. By the time the 2011-2012 year was over, the group had donated 30,000 meals to D.C.-area shelters.
Why Only Here? Why Not Everywhere?
Ben Simon and Mia Zavalij, two of the Founders of the UMD program, began to wonder about food recovery at other schools.
Why doesn’t every college in America recover food?
How much good food is going to waste each year on college campuses?
They discovered that many colleges throughout the country had no recovery program in place, and furthermore, countless people didn’t even know that recovering food was possible! So FRN decided to think big.
Food Recovery Network
In January of 2012, students from four colleges came together to create the Food Recovery Network, with a mission of creating food recovery programs on every college campus in the country. First, students at Brown University formed the second chapter of FRN, which successfully recovered 6,000 pounds of food in its first semester. That same month, FRN joined forces with two existing food recovery programs, Bare Abundance at the University of California, Berkeley and Food Rescue at Pomona College.
Then the Work Began
A National Leadership Team of 7 students from these four schools began to meet to discuss expansion. We started reaching out to students at other schools who were interested in starting food recovery programs on their campuses, and we developed materials to guide students through the process.
The results were immediate. By November of 2011, students at four schools (RISD,Providence College, UT-Austin, and Harvey Mudd/Claremont McKenna/Scripps) had started food recovery programs and joined the network, and more were on the way.
In April 2012, FRN entered the Do Good Challenge with Kevin Bacon and won the grand prize of $5,000. Then in July we won the $15,000 national grand prize at the Ashoka Banking on Youth Competition, really launching our capacity as an organization. We were featured in the Washington Post in August and attained official non-profit status by the fall of 2012.
But the press coverage was only just beginning! In October we |
Challapata, Bolivia - The small village of Challapata hosts the main Quinoa black market in Bolivia. On its dusty streets, indigenous farmers unload dozens of blue, yellow and red sacks, each containing 46kg of the grain | Challapata, Bolivia - The small village of Challapata hosts the main Quinoa black market in Bolivia. On its dusty streets, indigenous farmers unload dozens of blue, yellow and red sacks, each containing 46kg of the grain.
They had been growing Quinoa over the infertile steppes of the Andes - the continental mountain range stretching across South America - for more than 7,000 years before the UN considered its nutritive properties as a means to eradicate malnutrition globally, and proclaimed 2013 as the international year of Quinoa.
Rich in protein, minerals and vitamins, the grain has become a world renowned food, and its price has skyrocketed.
"Very soon we’ll sell Quinoa to the Pope," said Victor Hugo Vasquez, Bolivia's deputy minister of Rural Development and Land. "We’re establishing the arrangement to achieve the DOP classification in Europe and the trademark in the US."
Bolivia is the largest producer and exporter of this super-crop in the world. According to the Ministry of Rural Development and Land, in 2012 Bolivia produced around 58,000 tonnes, including 26,252 for export, generating a revenue of $79.9m.
"Thirty years ago, 46kg cost 20 Bolivianos ($2.90)," Juan Crispín, president of the National Association of Quinoa producers, said. "And we were cultivating only for our own consumption."
The Andes, and in particular the Southern Altiplano, have been an area of traditional poverty and deprivation. Four-thousand metres above sea level, the region is characterised by poor soil fertility, lack of rainfall and drastic temperature changes. Only Quinoa and a handful of other plants can survive here.
International appetite for the region's grain was supposed to improve the lives of local farmers. "Before we lived in thatched huts; now we have brick houses with tiles," said Hugo Choqui, a local Quinoa farmer. Some residents "have bought vehicles to bring the crops from the fields to the warehouses".
Although the production is still in the hands of small and medium sized farmers, Bolivia is trying to get the most from this unexpected asset, and the government aims to expand the cultivated area up to 1 million hectares.
Nevertheless, many concerns have arisen related to such an expansion. Researchers and activists have sounded the alarm over the lack of any regional or national planning, which could hurt traditional production organisations and lead to a drop in oil productivity.
These newcomers are getting back to their villages thanks to the subsides of the gov |
UK Energy - where does it come from?
We’re often asked – where does energy come from? The answer: it all began way back in 1831, when Michael Faraday first passed a magnetic bar over copper wire to produce “a | UK Energy - where does it come from?
We’re often asked – where does energy come from? The answer: it all began way back in 1831, when Michael Faraday first passed a magnetic bar over copper wire to produce “a wave of electricity” – and that experiment is generally the basis for how we go about producing energy today.
I say ‘we’ because you might not know it, but at npower we produce about 10% of the electricity used in Great Britain. But how do we get our energy from source to switch? We’ve broken the process down into five simple steps, so keep on reading to find out…
Electricity: from source to supply in 5 easy steps:
1. We supply electricity and gas to businesses and households across the country from our eleven coal, oil, biomass and gas-fired power stations. These power stations have big boilers that burn a fuel to make heat. A boiler is like a teapot on a stove – when water boils, the steam makes a whistle. In a power plant, the water is brought to a boil inside the boiler, and the steam is then piped to a turbine.
2. Attached to the turbine is a generator which rotates when the steam drives the turbine. As it spins, the generator uses the kinetic energy from the turbine to make electricity. The generator is similar to a very large electric motor, which has a powerful electro-magnet surrounded by a series of windings – the modern day equivalent of Faraday’s bar magnet and coil of wire!
3. After the steam goes through the turbine, it is cooled in a condenser and becomes water again. The heat released from this process is carried away by cooling water.
4. When the electricity finally leaves the power station it enters a transformer to boost the voltage up to 400,000 volts. The power lines lead into substations near businesses, factories and homes. Transformers change the very high voltage electricity back into a lower voltage.
5. The National Grid is the only company licensed to transmit electricity from generating power stations to local distribution companies through the wires and pylons that stretch across the country. After passing through an electricity meter, the electricity goes through a fuse box before being available at the socket in your home or business.
The role of renewable energy
The UK has a huge amount of renewable resources, including the best wind resources in Europe. We know we need a mix of clean energy technologies for the future to make sure we have a secure, clean and affordable energy supply for the future – and so generating energy using wind, biomass, hydro, wave tidal and other renewable technologies is crucial.
Wind turbines are one of the largest sources of renewable energy in the UK and use the force of the wind to rotate the turbine blades, connected to a small generator.
Biomass has an increasing role to play in producing renewable energy. In 2011, we converted our power station in Tilbury from a coal-fired plant to run on 100% biomass fuel, using sustainably-sourced renewable wood pellets.
Biomass is the only energy option that delivers rapid low carbon energy on demand, which means that the use of biomass for power generation will contribute towards an affordable and clean energy supply for the future.
Renewable generation by itself won’t be able to fill the anticipated energy gap in the short term. The UK has a target to supply 15% of electricity from renewables by 2015 – we have an important part to play in reaching that target.
The UK needs a diverse mix of energy generation to reduce CO2 at the same time as guaranteeing an affordable and secure energy supply. We can’t rely on just one source – we need a mix of technology, like our Pembroke Power Station – the biggest and most efficient gas-fired station of its kind in Europe. npower renewables is the biggest developer of renewable technology in the UK – it’s in the middle of building the largest offshore wind farm in Europe, Gwynt y Môr, off the coast of North Wales, that will supply energy for over 400,000 homes.
Over the past few years we’ve invested over £4.5 billion in new renewable and gas technology – but much more investment is still needed to keep the lights on in the UK. Decisions about which technologies to develop and how to pay for it are still being made. Take a look here to read about the debate on future energy supply.
What are your thoughts on the future of UK energy? Please leave us a comment below. |
In the backdrop of the food crisis that gripped India in the 1960s and 1970s (and few years earlier to that too) the Government of India initiated the ‘Green Revolution’ program. This was an attempt to become | In the backdrop of the food crisis that gripped India in the 1960s and 1970s (and few years earlier to that too) the Government of India initiated the ‘Green Revolution’ program. This was an attempt to become self-sufficient in production of food grains. Traditional farming methods gave way to farming with high-yield seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides.
The Green Revolution nearly quadrupled the production of rice and wheat, transforming India’s fertile areas into ‘granaries’. India was no longer dependent on the foreign grain and food aid shipments from the United States. With increased production, India repaid her loans, while progressing on the path to self-sufficiency. A few decades down the road, it is evident that the benefits of the Green Revolution are associated with unanticipated harmful effects of chemicals.
Numerous studies have linked the use of pesticides and chemicals to diseases such as cancer. Researchers attribute an increase in stillborn babies, and ailments such as renal failure, to the misuse of pesticides. Widespread use of pesticides has contaminated drinking water supplies and is linked to other life-threatening diseases. Source: Time Magazine.
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putmeincoach reblogged your post and added:
Please, list me all of those female architects, scientists and great minds that male architects and scientists ripped off. No, really, I am curious to see all of these female inventors | putmeincoach reblogged your post and added:
Please, list me all of those female architects, scientists and great minds that male architects and scientists ripped off. No, really, I am curious to see all of these female inventors and pioneers you’re speaking of.
Ada Lovelace - Founder of scientific computing, the world’s first computer programmer. Modern computers as we know them wouldn’t exist without her innovations.
Queen Seondeok of Silla - Silla was one of the three kingdoms in Korea’s Three Kingdom period and Seondeok was its first reigning Queen. She is well known for setting up the first astronomy tower in Asia and for founding several Buddhist temples.
Cecilia Payne - Discovered what the sun was made of. Was then prohibited from publishing her work. Henry Norris Russel republished her work as his own and received all the credit.
Jocelyn Bell Burnell - Discovered the first pulsar. Anthony Hewish took credit and listed her a non involved assistant, he had nothing to do with the discovery. Not only did he receive all the credit, he received the Nobel prize.
Lise Meitner - Co-discovered nuclear fission and her male colleagues refused to name her in their publication. The men won the Nobel Prize, and she received no credit.
Nettie Stevens - Discovered chromosomes determined sex, when she sent her work to a man for peer review, he published a book of her work passing it off as his own and named her a technician.
Marie Curie - Noted Nobel prize laureate (first lady to earn 2), discovered radium. Barred from many prestigious male dominated academic organizations like the French Academy due to being a female. She was demonized and attacked by men all her life simply for being superior to men in the field, and men in general.
Marie Van Brittan Brown - Co-invented home security surveillance that is the precursor of home security systems today. You wont hear her name in history class, not only is she a woman, she is a black woman. ERASED by nasty white men LIKE YOU.
Lucy Terry - Another historical black woman, erased by neo-colonialist white men. This young lady was a teenager when she composed the first known work of literature by an African American person.
Mary Shelley -Invented science fiction. She literally invented a genre of literature, she was a teenager when she wrote her first piece. Across the northern American continent. While she was pregnant.
Sacagawea - An indigenous American (Lemhi Shoshone) who led Lewis & Clark across the northern American continent. While she was pregnant.
Elizabeth Gurley Flynn - feminist, suffragette, civil rights activist, founded the ACLU
Sarah Parker Remond -worked to desegregate schools and end slavery. Also noted physician- but you wont read about her in your white history books because she is black. Its like you white dudes just threw together some shitty fan fiction and called that history.
Hedy Lamarr - came up with an early technique for spread spectrum communications and frequency hopping, necessary for wireless communication from the pre-computer age to the present day. She invented your wi-fi in addition to being an actress. SUCK IT.
Vera Rubin -Rejected from Princeton because she was female, went to Cornell instead and discovered dark matter while earning her PhD. Went on to make contributions that your simpleminded white male self couldn’t begin to fathom.
This list is just a taste of what women have accomplished. Women invented the core technologies that make civilization possible. This is a not a feminist myth, this is what anthropologists KNOW. Women have made those contributions in spite of astonishing hurdles. Hurdles like not being allowed to go to school, or not being allowed to work in an office with men, or join a professional society, or walk on the street, or own property. Hell, some of these women were legally deemed property, a fraction of a human being.
Did you want more? Those are just the ones I could think of off the top of my head. |
|Pizza Industry Research
Consumption and Demographics
Introduction and History
From the 1970's to the present day, many factors have influenced the ongoing evolution of pizza in North America. This includes factors such as the popularity of franchising | |Pizza Industry Research
Consumption and Demographics
Introduction and History
From the 1970's to the present day, many factors have influenced the ongoing evolution of pizza in North America. This includes factors such as the popularity of franchising, the necessity of two sources of income to support the family household, the health food craze, and the economic downturn of the early 90's. Franchising in general exploded in popularity. Being one of the most popular franchising concepts, pizzerias opened at thousands of locations across North America selling a pizza that was very similar to the traditional Neopolitan style.
Dual income families turned to the convenience of home food delivery with greater frequency because cooking after a day's work was not always appealing. Catering to the health conscious consumer broadened what was deemed as acceptable.
The recession also inspired a rebirth of creativity and flair in contrast to a trend towards homogeneity. Many fine dine-in restaurants had to restructure their menu in order to broaden their appeal and reduce prices because patrons were eating out less. The role that pizza will play in our lives in the future is as difficult to predict as lifestyles. So many factors can change. Imagine for a second what the impact would be if the cost of delivery becomes too high due to the ever increasing price of insurance and gasoline. However, since both lifestyle and pizza are intertwined, it is reasonable to assume that their related evolution will continue.
Pizza Fast Food Industry
A Major problem associated with pizza restaurants is that many would not describe pizza as fast food. One marketing analyst describes fast food as "the notion of a customer serving himself at a counter where food that has already been cooked in advance is offered" (Emerson, 53). This can be the case in some pizza restaurants and not in others. There are approximately 61,269 pizzerias in the United States. As with the automobile industry, there too exists a big three in the pizza industry. The big three (according to 1996 sales) are Pizza Hut, Domino's Pizza, and Little Caesar's. Not too far behind is Papa John's with an estimated 1996 sales of $619.1 million. Although the big three continue to enjoy sustainable growth, small "mom and pop" operations have faired quite respectably in this overcrowded market segment. According to some industry analysis, independents account for 20-25% of the market.
Pizza Hut with sales of $6.5 billion in 1996 dominated the pizza market. It is by far the largest chain with over 11,000 locations worldwide. The Dallas based chain, which was established in 1985, has consistently led the market in terms of innovation and appeal (Emerson, 55). New offerings such as the "Bigfoot" and chicken topped pizzas along with the chain's first white sauce have helped it increase sales globally.
Pizza Hut is very predominant in the Midwest. They have no major competitors because the majority of the pizza restaurants are small chains. North Carolina carries more Pizza Hut restaurants than any other state. Countries where Pizza Hut exists include Mexico, Canada, and many more. Canada's market has not been as good as the Australian and Mexican markets, but that is why the restaurant chain is expanding into other countries. Frank Carney, founder of Pizza Hut plans to expand business to West Germany, but experienced people who really know the German market are scarce (Emerson, 56).
Domino's Pizza, a privately held company, holds the number two position with sales of $2.8 billion in 1996. This company has over 5,400 stores with about a quarter operating in other countries. Domino's has traditionally held on to its core business of home delivery for over 35 years. In an attempt to spice up their menu, Domino's introduced a new flavored crust last spring. The crust has increased systemwide sales 5% to 10% when it was only offered in 35% of the system's store.
Followed by Domino's is Little Caesar's being number three in the segment. This Detroit based chain had sales over $2 billion last year within its 4600 stores. Little Caesar's philosophy revolves around the price of its pizza. By offering more pizza for the money, it has increasingly established itself as a major player in the industry. Its commitment to this philosophy has led them to expand operations into international markets such as Honduras, the Dominican Republic, and South Korea.
Recently, Little Caesar's has revamped its menu to include such items as lasagna, salads, and deserts. Stuffed crust pizzas were also introduced this year along with crazy breads in order to combat similar items offered by their competitors. In an attempt to boost sales, Little Caesar's has also entered the home delivery game because |
Fortunately, it isn't required to go to design school in order to be a graphic designer. A good foundation in graphic design history, theory, and practical application will help you hit the ground running. There are plenty of resources available in which you | Fortunately, it isn't required to go to design school in order to be a graphic designer. A good foundation in graphic design history, theory, and practical application will help you hit the ground running. There are plenty of resources available in which you can learn graphic design on your own. Don't set your expectations to high at first, as it will take enthusiastic study for years to become great. You can do it though!
If you would like to learn graphic design from the ground up, through self directed study, then this article lists some great resources that will get you started with your design education. Also, even if you do go to design school, at least three-fifths of your education will be through self directed study anyway. Let's get to it!
Editor's note: This article was original posted on Psdtuts in May 2009.
1. Understanding the Principles and Theory of Graphic Design
There are a few graphic design principles that effect every project you'll create. Understanding these principles conceptually and learning to apply them practically will formulate the foundation of your graphic design education. Let's take a look at the basic areas you should study to get a solid footing in graphic design.
Shape, Spacing, and Rhythm
I remember first learning these basic design principles, and they seamed so foreign at first. It took me quite some time to get comfortable with these techniques. In school we did a beginner project that consisted of drawing triangles, just to communicate emotion through placement, shape and spacing alone. Below are some good resources on these principles.
- The Principles of Design by Joshua David McClurg-Genevese
- What is Graphic Design? Overview, Basics of Design Principles, and Design Elements
Color, Texture, and Imagery
Understanding the basics of color theory is important and getting a feel for how to work with colors. Color can make areas of a design pop off the page or recede into the background. The use of texture can enhance the feel of a design. In print design texture can be the actual feel of paper or other materials. Imagery can also blend in with texture and is loaded with colors. Learning how to balance these is a delicate craft that will take some practice to apply well. Here are some resources on using color, texture, and imagery in graphic design:
Working with Type
Your ability to use type is one of the things that differentiates graphic design from other visual professions. A big part of graphic design is understanding typography, developing your knowledge of typefaces, and how to apply them in your design. This will be a constant study throughout your career. Here are a few great resources on type:
- Stop Stealing Sheep & Find Out How Type Works by Erik Spiekermann and E.M Ginger
- Typography Workbook: A Real-World Guide to Using Type in Graphic Design by Timothy Samara
- A Typographic Workbo |
The East Room is the largest room in the White House, the home of the President of the United States. It is used for entertaining, press conferences, ceremonies, and occasionally for a large dinner. The White House's oldest possession, the | The East Room is the largest room in the White House, the home of the President of the United States. It is used for entertaining, press conferences, ceremonies, and occasionally for a large dinner. The White House's oldest possession, the 1797 Gilbert Stuart portrait of George Washington, rescued from the 1814 fire, hangs in the East Room with a companion portrait of Martha Washington painted by Eliphalet F. Andrews in 1878.
The Lincoln administration East Room is remembered for the president's anger at |
It is hypothesised that multiple sclerosis (MS) is caused by an insufficient glucose level in the brain or parts of the brain.
Patients with MS are consuming more sugar than the average person, to get it elevated in our blood streams, to | It is hypothesised that multiple sclerosis (MS) is caused by an insufficient glucose level in the brain or parts of the brain.
Patients with MS are consuming more sugar than the average person, to get it elevated in our blood streams, to try and meet the unmet needs of the brain. And the result of greater sugar consumption is a greater prevalence of chronic yeast infections and symptoms as candida. Also the faster recovery of motor functions of MS patients on the intake of sugar/glucose, in particular in the beginning, would seem to suggest a glucose link. Furthermore, it is an explanation for the fast recovery of some patients post- ccsvi liberation and a post-liberation increase in dreams and REM sleep, since REM has high glucose demands.
The blood flow delivers oxygen and glucose to the very hungry brain as well as other nutrients, and takes away waste products. A lack of glucose puts the neurons in a dormant state; they become under-nourished. The consequence is demyelination and, if seriously under-nourished for a longer period of time, myelin and neuronal death. When this happens, the microglia jump on this and clean up the mess. Once they get out of the BBB, the T-cells jump on them and we start see the scars and the inflammation. That is when MS shows up.
Why are the cells under-nourished? There are at least two reasons: iron deposits on the vessel walls that inhibit the transport of glucose across the BBB and; insulin resistance that inhibits this same transport of glucose. The iron deposition may develop at a young age as a result of problems with the drainage, its origin is probably pre-congenital. The insulin resistance may develop at a later age. MS is probably a consequence of both, in a wide variety of cases among the population. One effect may be a more important for an early age onset and the other for a later age onset. The double peak in the age of onset of MS would indeed suggest the possibility of such underlying mechanism
[there are two peaks on the age of onset graph at 25-30 and 40-45 http://newsgroups.derkeiler.com/Archive... 01256.html
Stenoses in the veins draining the brain and spinal column (ccsvi, Zamboni) cause refluxes in the deep cerebral veins and will lead to iron deposition on the vessel walls (you can see this on 7T MRI) and this inhibits glucose transport through the affected parts of the BBB. Iron deposition is a normal phenomenon in organs and limbs in case of problems with the drainage that has been known for a long time. By opening up the blockages in the veins by angioplasty, the blood flow can restore to normal, and eventually as the iron is taken away the BBB function may restore to normal. The increased blood flow during pregnancy and stop of MS progression adds to the plausibility of the concept. The low fat/Swank diet and the use of blood thinners/anti-clotting (effect Copaxone?) may also help improve the blood flow with the same positive effects.
Some persons may already have a fairly weak glucose condition in their brain due to the low blood flow through the head and the iron depositions. At mid age then, the insulin resistance starts to develop and the glucose transport will be further weakened. The Vitamine D relationship, well known in MS, plays its role here.
As studies found, higher levels of Vitamine D (childhood and/or during pre-congenital phase) may delay the onset of MS a bit because of lower intra-cellular calcium levels where insulin resistance and problems with glucose transport will develop a bit later on. Conversely, lower levels of Vitamine D will elevate intra-cellular calcium levels where insulin resistance develops earlier on and thus impaired glucose transport across the BBB will develop earlier.
This may explain the differences found among MS patients and a control group that were screened for ccsvi: people who have stenoses and therefore a low blood flow but high Vitamine D will still provide enough glucose to their neurons and myeline, and therefore will not experience the MS symptoms, or at the very least not as quick as those with low Vitamine D. The prevalence of diabetes type 2 in MS patients would further suggest a link with the insulin resistance. It is also known that this insulin resistance develops long before the signs of diabetes become apparent and the diabetes type 2 is diagnosed, further adding to this part of the hypothesis.
Studies have also found that a low-glucose condition causes or at the very least it is likely to cause demyelination. The process of demyelination is already well underway before diabetes type 2 shows up.
Also it ties in with the effect of heat on glucose in the bloodstream (it fluctuates more wildly; diabetics have to account for this in the summer) and, if overheated, the brain will endure worse d |
An article from the weekend discusses some possible ecological effects of the latest oil spill in San Francisco Bay. Even though the spill was relatively small, recent droughts and toxic spills have made the bay particularly vulnerable.
The estuary that defines so much of | An article from the weekend discusses some possible ecological effects of the latest oil spill in San Francisco Bay. Even though the spill was relatively small, recent droughts and toxic spills have made the bay particularly vulnerable.
The estuary that defines so much of life in the Bay Area faces increasing ecological pressures from polluted urban runoff, the vagaries of climate change and the effects of more fresh water pumped out of the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta. The herring season - the bay's last commercial fishery - was canceled last month because of concerns about the health of the fish population.It also looks at some specific groups that might be harmed by the bunker oil.
On Friday, ecologists were most immediately worried about the oil spill's effect on marshlands and rocky outcroppings where birds and fish congregate to feed and spawn, according to Deb Self, executive director of San Francisco BayKeeper. The areas of highest concern include Richardson Bay, Brooks Island off of Richmond, Keil Cove near Tiburon and the Emeryville Lagoon and mudflats.
Once they're covered in oil, many birds die from toxicity and hypothermia. The oil interferes with the natural waterproofing effect of birds' feathers, making them more susceptible to cold. As they preen to get rid of the oil, birds often ingest the oil and sustain internal damage.Crabs were also affected by the last oil spill; this year's crab fishing season was shortened to protect the remaining population. It is unclear from the linked article how much other invertebrates suffered from the Cosco Busan spill. Some research projects on that question started soon after the spill. I am not sure if results have been published, but there is good reason to expect some harm among invertebrate communities.
Farther down the food chain and earlier in the life cycle, oil spills can d |
Have you ever heard the gardening expression, “a weed is just a plant in the wrong place?” We believe that pest infestations should be prevented or controlled, but essentially, a pest is just an animal in the wrong place. Animals like | Have you ever heard the gardening expression, “a weed is just a plant in the wrong place?” We believe that pest infestations should be prevented or controlled, but essentially, a pest is just an animal in the wrong place. Animals like leeches, maggots or parasitic nematodes have very important roles to play in the environment. What you might not expect, though, is that they may have important roles to play in treating our ailments today.
Perhaps the most famous of the pre-scientific ‘gross’ treatments was leeches. By the mid-1800s, the demand for leeches in Europe was so large that a German exporter shipped over 30 million leeches a year. Leeches were applied to patients to treat everything from headaches and haemorrhoids to unbalanced humours. They believed that the human body was made of four ‘humours’ (blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile) and when they were unbalanced, it resulted in illness. The normal treatment was blood-letting, the attempt to put the humours back in balance by taking blood out of the body.
These days, leeches are used with a much better idea of what makes us ill, and how leeches can help us heal. The saliva leeches excrete can lessen pain, prevent blood clots and reduce swelling. Patients who have had reconstructive surgery in areas that have lots of small blood vessels, like the face or ears, benefit from these qualities. The small blood vessels can clot easily, leading to swelling, and in the worst cases, cells dying from a lack of oxygen and other nutrients. Applying leeches to the area can keep the blood from clotting and help the cells from essentially drowning in blood.
Aside from medically approved treatments, some people insist leech therapy can be used to maintain a younger appearance. Demi Moore admitted in 2008 to having a beauty treatment which, much like mediaeval blood letting, involved having leeches suck her blood to ‘detoxify’ it.
Maggots which are flies in their larval stage have been used to treat wounds for millenia. The Old Testament in the Bible documents the treatment of wounds with maggots. Early civilizations noticed wounds infected with maggots would heal better than those that were not infested. One of the first officially documented medical application of maggots to a wound was recorded by Dr John Forney Zacharias, an American civil war surgeon. He noted that maggots would not eat live tissue, instead cleaning the dead tissue out of a wound faster and more thoroughly than humans could. He asserted tha |
A command is a user-level operation that Source Insight performs when you select a menu item or type a keystroke. For example, the Open command opens a file; the Save command saves a file. Each command has a name, and an action | A command is a user-level operation that Source Insight performs when you select a menu item or type a keystroke. For example, the Open command opens a file; the Save command saves a file. Each command has a name, and an action.
Commands are resources that can be assigned to menus, keystrokes, and mouse clicks, and those assignments are part of a configuration.
Keystrokes and mouse clicks are assigned to commands. For example, the Ctrl+O keystroke is assigned to the Open command. More than one keystroke may be assigned to a given command. Use the Key Assignments command to customize the keyboard.
Commands are assigned to menus. For example, the Open command is assigned to the File menu. Use the Menu Assignments command to customize the contents of the menus.
Source Insight also allows you to define custom commands, which are useful for launching the compiler and other external tools from Source Insight. |
The quantum harmonic oscillator is the quantum mechanical analogue of the classical harmonic oscillator. It is one of the most important model systems in quantum mechanics because an arbitrary potential can be approximated as a harmonic potential at the vicinity of a stable equilibrium point. Furthermore | The quantum harmonic oscillator is the quantum mechanical analogue of the classical harmonic oscillator. It is one of the most important model systems in quantum mechanics because an arbitrary potential can be approximated as a harmonic potential at the vicinity of a stable equilibrium point. Furthermore, it is one of the few quantum mechanical systems for which a simple exact solution is known.
The energy spectrum of a harmonic oscillator is noteworthy for three reasons. Firstly, the energies are "quantized", and may only take the discrete values of Eo times 1/2, 3/2, 5/2, and so forth. This is a feature of many quantum mechanical systems. Secondly, the lowest achievable energy is not zero, but, which is called the "ground state energy" or zero-point energy. In the ground state, according to quantum mechanics, an oscillator performs null oscillations and its average kinetic energy is positive. It is not obvious that this is significant, because normally the zero of energy is not a physically meaningful quantity, only differences in energies. Nevertheless, the ground state energy has many implications, particularly in quantum gravity. The final reason is that the energy levels are equally spaced, unlike the Bohr model or the particle in a box.
As one can see from the simulations performed with the Bound State Calculation Lab, the ground state probability density is concentrated at the origin. This means the particle spends most of its time at the bottom of the potential well, as we would expect for a state with little energy. As the energy increases, the probability density becomes concentrated at the "classical turning points", where the state's energy coincides with the potential energy. This is consistent with the classical harmonic oscillator, in which the particle spends most of its time (and is therefore most likely to be found) at the turning points, where it is the slowest. The correspondence principle is thus satisfied.
The spectral method solution, though straightforward, is rather tedious. The "ladder operator" method, due to Paul Dirac |
Evangelical Presbyterian Church (Ireland)
|Evangelical Presbyterian Church in Ireland|
|Founder||James Hunter, W.J. Grier|
|Origin||15 October 1927
|Separated from||Irish Presbyterian Church|
The | Evangelical Presbyterian Church (Ireland)
|Evangelical Presbyterian Church in Ireland|
|Founder||James Hunter, W.J. Grier|
|Origin||15 October 1927
|Separated from||Irish Presbyterian Church|
The Evangelical Presbyterian Church (EPC) is a Calvinist, Christian evangelical denomination that is found only in Northern Ireland, where it is the smallest of the Presbyterian churches. It was formed on 15 October 1927 (as the Irish Evangelical Church) by Rev. James Hunter (1863-1942), former minister of Knock Presbyterian Church (Belfast), and James (W.J.) Grier, a former student at the Assembly's College (the Presbyterian theological college in Belfast). They were joined by others who seceded from the Irish Presbyterian Church (now called the Presbyterian Church in Ireland).
The breakaway was prompted by the acquittal in a Presbytery trial of Professor James E. Davey of the Assembly's College on charges brought by Hunter and others of five counts of heresy. Davey's accusers, who had campaigned against him and against what they termed "modernism" through a Presbyterian Bible Standards League, were influenced by the conservative Reformed theology of the US Presbyterian scholar John Gr |
Jackson Hole National Monument survived these onslaughts, although like a storm-battered ship. For example, amendments attached to Department of Interior appropriations prohibited the National Park Service from spending money to administer the monument. Also, the proclamation transferred 130,000 | Jackson Hole National Monument survived these onslaughts, although like a storm-battered ship. For example, amendments attached to Department of Interior appropriations prohibited the National Park Service from spending money to administer the monument. Also, the proclamation transferred 130,000 acres of land from the Teton National Forest to the National Park Service. It was an uneasy transition, because local and regional Forest Service administrators opposed the monument. The Park Service took over U.S. Forest Service ranger stations. The Forest Service removed all fixtures from the Jackson Lake and Kelly Ranger Stations, essentially gutting them. "Movable equipment, as local Forest Service officials interpreted their instructions, included plumbing, bathroom fixtures, doors, cupboards, drawers, cabinets, and hardware. At the Jackson Lake Ranger Station, the Forest Service removed an underground water tank, which required cutting a four-foot-square hole in the floor. At Kelly, a kitchen range, hot water tank, pipes, and a built-in dinette and hutch were removed. As of 1945, both buildings were in poor condition. Forest Supervisor Kozoil was transferred, allegedly for these actions. Two years later, Grand Teton Superintendent Franke reported that local gossip circulated that Kozoil's promotion and transfer was a reward for this "active opposition" to the monument. Franke recalled another incident that occurred during the congressional investigation of August 1943, "which greatly aided our cause." About August 15, someone placed a live skunk in the Jackson Lake Ranger Station, which died in the building. Franke placed no blame, but an investigation indicated the culprit had a key to the building. "We made no statement of any kind, but a leak occurred somewhere, and the public placed blame on the Forest Service," believing they did it to prevent the congressmen from viewing the gutted building. However, Franke praised recent cooperation between the two agencies and urged Washington to let local offices resolve their differences quietly.
Local supporters of the national monument also faced tough times. It took courage to openly support the extension. Olaus Murie, who emerged as a rational and articulate spokesman for the park in these years, recalled that: "card parties, dinner parties had their embarrassments if certain ones on the other side were present. In some inexplicable way an atmosphere was created in which one felt inhibited from even mentioning the subject. There wa |
With global energy demand set to double by 2050 concern about climate change, carbon emissions and security of supply is driving new pressures in the utilities industry. Current legislation requires utilities to find ways to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, lower energy consumption and introduce | With global energy demand set to double by 2050 concern about climate change, carbon emissions and security of supply is driving new pressures in the utilities industry. Current legislation requires utilities to find ways to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, lower energy consumption and introduce alternative fuels. Driving operational efficiency is also a top priority amidst ageing infrastructures, a shortage of labour and squeezed margins. And increasing customer expectations mean utilities need to find ways to deliver better customer service.
The Smart Grid gives utilities the means to meet these challenges - remote data management and monitoring capabilities, automation and control, and the systems for the effective utilisation and safe management of transmission and distribution networks. The Smart Grid not only enables utilities to deliver electricity in a sustainable, economic, efficient and secure way, but it also opens up opportunities for the development of other new low carbon technologies such as electric vehicles and the smart home.
Today smart metering is being used to facilitate a wide range of applications in the fields of remote meter reading, customer relationship management, demand-side management and value-added services. Smart meters that enable two-way communication between the meter and the central system are making it possible to engage with consumers in new and innovative ways and to deliver a higher level of customer service than ever before.
The first immediate benefit is the ability to provide business and residential customers with energy bills based on actual, rather than estimated, consumption. All improvements of the billing process contribute to improved cash flow, less bad debt, and fewer inquiries over billing and payments. Smart metering is also an enabler for new pre-paid energy services that can be offered to customers who lack the funds for an up-front deposit or high pre-payments.
Smart M2M technology is already being applied to home appliances, for example a smart chip within a fridge-freezer or air conditioning unit that can power down the appliance when it is at the optimum temperature and power on again when required.
Usage information can be uploaded to a central hub in the home where it can be used to instantly meet comfort, cost or maintenance needs on an hour-by-hour basis. Users can interact with these intelligent appliances via their smart phones to operate them remotely, for example turning on or off central heating, lights or a washing machine.
As well as providing immediate and constant feedback on how building services are consumed, M2M can also place greater control over how the building operates. Smart sensors can be placed anywhere in the home without the need for permanent fixtures and can be easily moved to make readings more accurate.
eMobility (electric vehicle charging and monitoring) is one of the rapidly emerging smart technologies. Managing the machine-to-machine (M2M) communications for the eMobility infrastructure is a critical success factor in providing clean, sustainable transportation on a national and even global basis. It enables efficient electric vehicle charging across communities, regions, and countries, and ensures that utilities can support vehicle charging while maintaining balance in the local energy grids.
Our cellular technology underpins all of these solutions and is already widely used, proven and available for the Smart Grid and Smart Metering. The core of our offering is our own Global M2M Platform, designed to take away the complexities and cost of deployment by automating provisioning, billing and other logistics processes. Considering that 30% of the cost of implementing smart metering can be related to the installation, this can mean significant savings. |
Scrabble word: DISCIPLINE
In which Scrabble dictionary does DISCIPLINE exist?
Definitions of DISCIPLINE in dictionaries:
- noun - a branch of knowledge
- noun - a system of rules of conduct or | Scrabble word: DISCIPLINE
In which Scrabble dictionary does DISCIPLINE exist?
Definitions of DISCIPLINE in dictionaries:
- noun - a branch of knowledge
- noun - a system of rules of conduct or method of practice
- noun - the trait of being well behaved
- noun - training to improve strength or self-control
- noun - the act of punishing
- verb - develop (children's) behavior by instruction and practice
- verb - punish in order to gain control or enforce obedience
- Training expected to produce a specific character or pattern of behavior, especially training that produces moral or mental improvement.
- Controlled behavior resulting from disciplinary training; selfcontrol.
- Control obtained by enforcing compliance or order.
- A systematic method to obtain obedience: a military discipline.
- A state of order based on submission to rules and authority: a teacher who demanded discipline in the classroom.
- Punishment intended to correct or train.
- A set of rules or methods, as those regulating the practice of a church or monastic order.
- A branch of knowledge or teaching.
- To train by instruction and practice, especially to teach self-control to.
- To teach to obey rules or accept authority.
- To punish in order to gain control or enforce obedience.
- To impose order on: needed to discipline their study habits.
There are 10 letters in DISCIPLINE: C D E I I I L N P S
Scrabble words that can be created with an extra letter added to DISCIPLINE
All anagrams that could be made from letters of word DISCIPLINE plus a wildcard: DISCIPLINE?
Scrabble words that can be created with letters from word DISCIPLINE
10 letter words
9 letter words
8 letter words
7 letter words
6 letter words
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2 letter words
Images for DISCIPLINE
SCRABBLE is the registered trademark of Hasbro and J.W. Spear & Sons Limited. Our scrabble word finder and scrabble cheat word builder is not associated with the Scrabble brand - we merely provide help for players of the official Scrabble game. All intellectual property rights to the game are owned by respective owners in the U.S.A and Canada and the rest of the world. Anagrammer.com is not affiliated with Scrabble. This site is an educational tool and resource for Scrabble & Words With Friends players. |
(A) Computer Architecture Paradigms
(A1) Simple Batch Systems
Simple Batch systems or just Batch systems process jobs bundled together, leading to an increase in efficiency.
When a job is processed, the system transfers the entire control over to it | (A) Computer Architecture Paradigms
(A1) Simple Batch Systems
Simple Batch systems or just Batch systems process jobs bundled together, leading to an increase in efficiency.
When a job is processed, the system transfers the entire control over to it. Once it is done, the control shifts to the next job, and so on.
This hence, has the following ADVANTAGES:
-maximum processor utilization
-the setup time for jobs is saved
-performance increases, since, the job are sequenced together
It also, however, has a few DISADVANTAGES:
-difficult to debug
-one job affects all the pending jobs.
- job could enter an infinite loop, and others will never be processed.
Hence, we would need some protection scheme for the pending jobs, in case a job is affected/corrupt. |
Posts in Financial Info
Minneapolis Saint Paul Residential Real Estate Questions Answered!
Housing statistics, such as price - are often stated as either "average" or "median". So what's the difference and what does it all mean?
The | Posts in Financial Info
Minneapolis Saint Paul Residential Real Estate Questions Answered!
Housing statistics, such as price - are often stated as either "average" or "median". So what's the difference and what does it all mean?
The word median, is a statistical measure and it is based on a "normal" bell curve (like the one above). By definition, it means the middle of the distribution - half of the distribution is below the median and half is above. In a perfect bell curve, the average and the median are the same. But in the real world, most things are not perfect.
In the case of housing prices, it is quite common to have a somewhat skewed distribution. This causes the average and the median to be different. The example below shows the number of homes listed for sale in each of the price ranges:
This curve is certainly not a nice clean bell curve like the previous one. There are several price ranges that are empty - zero homes, while others have a large number of homes in them.
The average home price in this example is $314,608 but the median is $259,900. The median is less sensitive to the extremes - like the small number of homes in the price ranges above $550,000 and the empty ranges. In this case, there are 61 homes in the price range between $200K and $250K which is where the peak of this curve occurs. The median is closer to the peak than the average - it occurs in the $250,000 to $300,000 price range.
The average is skewed by the fact that there is not a nice normal distribution of homes in all of the price ranges. The average falls in the range between $300,000 and $350,000 - in this range, there are only 30 homes.
So the median compensates for the amount of "skew" in the data. Some people like to say that the median and a weighted average are the same thing. Technically, that is incorrect, but the concept is similar.
Minnesota Department of Revenue provides update and details on issues with Intuit products in Minnesota
ST. PAUL, Minn. – Last week the Minnesota Department of Revenue announced several issues with Intuit tax preparation products (TurboTax, Lacerte, Intuit online, ProSeries). This document provides a status of those issues as of 12:00 p.m. on March 11, 2013 and Intuit’s plan to fix them.
The Department of Revenue is not affiliated with Intuit and we find these errors unacceptable. The Intuit software issues affect about 14,000 Minnesota taxpayers. We expect Intuit to correct these problems immediately.
Intuit Issue Update - March 11 at 12 p.m.
State Election Campaign Fund Selection (Form M1 and M1PR)
If $5 was directed to a political party or to the state’s general campaign fund, Intuit did not accurately communicate your choice to the department.
Returns completed after February 28 do not have this issue.
If you filed electronically you do not need to do anything. Intuit will provide the department with a list and we will use that list to make corrections.
If you filed on paper, Intuit sent a letter with directions on how to identify if you have an issue and what to do. If you find an error or need assistance determining if your return is impacted, you can contact Intuit directly at 1-866-888-4609.
Negative Federal Adjusted Gross Income (Form M1)
Turbo Tax and ProSeries issue - When the Federal Adjusted Gross Income was a negative number, the value submitted to the department was a positive number.
Returns completed after February 4 do not have this issue.
Intuit will provide the department with a list and we will use that list to make corrections.
There may be some who received a letter or bill from the department.
I think the Turbo Tax page that explains this problem has been taken down or moved, but the form you need to fill out is still there (as of Jan 30th at 9:45 am).
If you are experiencing troubles with Turbo Tax changing your direct deposit information, here is a link to the original page and online form you need to fill out to report the error.
From the Turbo Tax website: http://turbotax.intuit.com/support/iq/Tax-Refund/Direct-Deposit-Information-Changes-when-going-through-the-Electronic-Filing-Process/SLN65863.html
“Some customers have experienced changes to the direct deposit information when going through the Electronic Filing process in TurboTax Online. This occurs in the File section after entering Routing number and Account number, the following screen contains different information than what was entered.
We're investigating a solution to this issue. Please go to https://turbotax.intuit.com/support/containment/dyn_containment_form.jsp?fid=Rene%7C02636%7Cfhmnrst+%7C&_requestid=180708 to sign up so we can help you. Please provide the following information in the note field of the sign up:
I hope this helps! Remember to make sure to check your direct deposit informaiton on the confirmation screen. |
Teens Wield Rhymes to Beat Their Rivals
A popular trend is emerging among teens to use rhyme as an expression of their daily experiences. Inspired by hip-hop and rap music, many teens are turning to words to vocalize their emotions | Teens Wield Rhymes to Beat Their Rivals
A popular trend is emerging among teens to use rhyme as an expression of their daily experiences. Inspired by hip-hop and rap music, many teens are turning to words to vocalize their emotions from love and joy to frustration and anger. In many instances this medium is replacing violence as teens compete with one another to determine who is the most adept at manipulating language. This new interest in words has caused many low performing students to demonstrate a new interest in the possibilities of language. In many cases, the English classroom has become a renewed source of inspiration as teens seek out new and varied words to add to their rhyming repertoire.
"It's a natural resource the kids bring with them," said Jo Ann Kleifgen, professor of Linguistics and Education. "Vocabulary is not innate, and the desire to learn more about words, whatever form it takes, is something that good educators will use as a building block."
The article, entitled "Teens Wield Rhymes to Beat Their Rivals" appeared in the April 18, 2001 edition of the www.herald.com.previous page |
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2 May 2012 Michal Halama Regional News
Countless cities across the world have their name printed on T-shirts. But cities after which asteroids have been named are | Login | Register
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2 May 2012 Michal Halama Regional News
Countless cities across the world have their name printed on T-shirts. But cities after which asteroids have been named are slightly more difficult to locate. Yet one such example exists in Slovakia: Nitra, otherwise known as the ‘Mother of Slovak cities’ and with an extra-terrestrial imitator to boot.
Nitra is the fifth largest city in Slovakia, located in the Nitra region, on the banks of the Nitra River, and about 80 km northeast of Bratislava. The Zobor mountain towers over the north side of the city, and the entire area is ringed both by hilly terrain and numerous fields, particularly towards its southern horizon.
Nitra is the oldest city in Slovakia, with its first confirmed historical reference dating from the beginning of the 9th century. Then it became one of the biggest cities in the Great Moravian Empire and a centre of trade and culture during medieval times. The Slavic prince Pribina occupied Nitra castle during the first third of the 9th century, right about the time that the first known Christian church in central and eastern Europe was being built in Nitra, which dates from 828 AD.
“Its strength and beauty lasts through time,” offered Peter Poliak, the chief administrator of Nitra’s observatory, when asked for the reason the asteroid is so named.
The city is historically divided into many districts, the most interesting of which are the Old City and New City areas. Most of the city’s unique historical buildings are centred on the downtown, which remains Nitra’s heart. Central to the old town is castle hill, which is one of seven hills over whose peaks and valleys the city is now spread. (Although Trnava is refered to as the “Slovak Rome”, Nitra’s geography is more analogous. Rome too is built over seven hills.)
Also in the castle complex, the cathedral of Saint Emmeram, with its astonishing interior, has stood in Nitra since the 13th century. There are also three notable statues in the castle square and gardens. The first depicts Prince Pribina, one of the town’s first noble inhabitants; another shows Corgoň, aka “The Mighty”, a character from local legend who reputedly single-handedly repelled the Ottoman invasion (and is now cast as Nitra’s Atlas); the third is of the Solun brothers, Cyril and Methodius.
Beneath the castle there is a huge city park with a swimming pool and ponds on the north side and a historical pedestrian zone on the south. The main street of the pedestrian zone is lined with historical buildings from the 14th-19th centuries and leads to the central Svätopluk Square, with one of the most modern theatres in Slovakia, Theatre of Andrej Bagar.
The hill named Zobor is, at 587 m, the highest in the city district. Its silent forests can easily be reached by bus from the town centre, and on the way to the top of the hill you recuperate at the mineral spring and peer into Gorazd’s Cave, where a hermit monk once stayed. The nature reserve of Ponitrie provides the perfect location for tours, with its numerous ruins in a 50 km radius around the hill top and many signposted paths of varying length and difficulty. It is possible to camp in many of the ruins of the Nitra Region, eg. Hrušov, Gýmeš, Oponice, Studený Hrad, Čierny Hrad, etc.
Nitra also has a Calvary, on the third highest hill of the city, at the bottom of which is the Church of the Assumption from the late 12th century, as well as the Lourdes cave.
The remaining four hills are difficult to see from ground level, but taking to the air can offer views of Čermáň, Borina, Vŕšok and Martinský vrch. There is a sport airport about 11 minutes away from the town centre, in the village of Janíkovce, which has hosted |
Dr. McGrath insists that, “Each classroom needs an intervention when the classroom teacher, reading specialists, and special education teachers meet with a small group of struggling readers to accelerate student performance. Teachers routinely observe, demonstrate, and collaborate with one another | Dr. McGrath insists that, “Each classroom needs an intervention when the classroom teacher, reading specialists, and special education teachers meet with a small group of struggling readers to accelerate student performance. Teachers routinely observe, demonstrate, and collaborate with one another to acquire practices that reflect research-based skills.” Another essential area of best practice is the collection of formative performance data. These student data serve as a “dip-stick” approach to inform the teacher of the needs of the child and provide valuable feedback to the teacher.
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Each year, 24 billion tons of the world's soil blows or washes away, largely because of plowing. Now, the first large-scale analysis of an alternative farming method that eschews the plow confirms that it stems soil loss | Each year, 24 billion tons of the world's soil blows or washes away, largely because of plowing. Now, the first large-scale analysis of an alternative farming method that eschews the plow confirms that it stems soil loss.
As plows tear into the ground, they loosen the upper 6 to 8 inches (15 to 20 cm) of soil, exposing the dirt to rain and wind. Mechanized plows introduced in the 1930s have accelerated the loss, leading conservationists to explore no-till agriculture. This method leaves fields unturned and allows crop stubble to remain on the surface to protect the soil; farmers plant new crops by making small holes in the layer of plant material. Although this method involves more work, case studies have indicated that no-till farming greatly reduces erosion. But so far, research has been limited to small clusters of farms.
To find out whether no-till farming prevents soil loss on a larger scale, geologist David Montgomery of the University of Washington, Seattle, scoured agricultural studies dating back to the early 1940s for erosion data. After gathering 1673 measurements from areas as far apart as the Himalayas and the U.S. Midwest, he compared no-till erosion losses to those from farms that practice conventional agriculture.
As Montgomery reports online this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, plowless farms lost an average of 0.082 mm of soil each year, an erosion rate close to the natural geologic rate of 0.03 mm per year. Annual soil loss on plow-based farms, by contrast, averaged 1.5 mm of erosion--almost 20 times as much. On average, conventional farms lost soil about 90 times faster than new soil is produced. The findings are the first to show that no-plow methods reduce erosion to almost natural, geologic rates, says Montgomery.
Steve Kaffka, a crop scientist at the University of California, Davis, agrees. Still, he notes, no-till farming can lead to increased weed growth, which conventional farmers may attempt to combat with herbicides. Although organic methods are available to combat weeds, the overall sustainability of no-till farming can't be determined unless researchers examine the environmental harms of toxic substances commonly used on no-till farms, he says. |
The vast plains of Mars may be the most promising place beyond Earth for human colonization, but is it enough for a one-way trip to the red planet? Two researchers seem to think so.
In an article published this month in the Journal of Cos | The vast plains of Mars may be the most promising place beyond Earth for human colonization, but is it enough for a one-way trip to the red planet? Two researchers seem to think so.
In an article published this month in the Journal of Cosmology, Earth scientist Dirk Schulze-Makuch and physicist Paul Davies argue that a manned one-way mission to Mars would not only make economical sense, but would also mark the beginning of long-term human colonization of the planet.
The researchers contend that while a manned flight to Mars
and back is technically feasible now, the steep financial and political costs make such a mission unlikely to launch anytime soon.
And since the greatest portion of expenses will be incurred by the safe return of the crew and spacecraft to Earth, the authors conclude that a manned one-way mission to Mars would both cut costs and help initiate Martian colonization. [POLL: Would You Join a One-Way Trip to Mars?
"We envision that Mars exploration would begin and proceed for a long time on the basis of outbound journeys only," said Schulze-Makuch, who is associate professor in the School of Earth & Environmental Sciences Washington State University in Pullman. "One approach could be to send four astronauts initially, two on each of two spacecraft, each with a lander and sufficient supplies, to stake a single outpost on Mars. A one-way human mission to Mars would be the first step in establishing a permanent human presence on the planet."
On Oct. 11, President Barack Obama signed a major NASA act into law that outlines the agency's future in space exploration. The signing paves the way for a manned mission to an asteroid
by 2025, with an expedition to Mars to follow sometime in the 2030s.
Next stop: Mars
A manned trip to Mars would take roughly six months using available launch options and current chemical rocket technology, according to the new study. The Red Planet has atmosphere, moderate surface gravity, abundant water
and carbon dioxide, and range of essential minerals – making it an attractive target for potential human colonization.
But a one-way mission to Mars would be accompanied by obvious and undeniable risks. However, danger is often an inherent part of exploration, and has been throughout history, the researchers said.
"It would really be little different from the first white settlers of the North American continent, who left Europe with little expec |
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Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge, NV
Fish and Wildlife Service
The Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge Complex consists of Stillwater Refuge, Fallon Refuge, and Anaho Island Refuge in western | - AUTO TOURING
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Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge, NV
Fish and Wildlife Service
The Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge Complex consists of Stillwater Refuge, Fallon Refuge, and Anaho Island Refuge in western Nevada. Together, these refuges encompass approximately 163,000 acres of wetland and upland habitats, freshwater and brackish water marshes, cottonwood and willow riparian areas, alkali playas, salt desert shrub lands, sand dunes, and a 500-acre rocky island in a desert lake. Nearly 400 wildlife species, including more than 260 bird species rely on these habitats. The refuges provide important migration, breeding, and wintering habitat for up to 1 million migratory birds, including waterfowl, shorebirds, colonial nesting water birds, and neotropical migratory birds. Stillwater and Fallon Refuges are part of the Lahontan Valley Shorebird Reserve, one of only 16 sites recognized for their international importance by the Western Hemispheric Shorebird Reserve Network. The Lahontan Valley wetlands also are listed as a Globally Important Bird Area by the American Bird Conservancy. Anaho Island Refuge provides secure habitat for one of the largest American white pelican breeding colonies in the western United States. To provide a secure environment for nesting birds, Anaho Island Refuge is closed to all public use.
Address:380 Triple E Lane
Directions:From Fallon, Nevada, follow U.S. Highway 50 east approximately 5 miles. Turn left onto Stillwater Road and follow the "Watchable Wildlife" signs to the refuge entrance (approximately 15 miles). Visitors are encouraged to stop at the refuge Field Office at 380 Triple E Lane (located on the road to the Refuge) to obtain a map and additional information prior to visiting the refuge. |
On World Press Freedom Day, we salute the world’s journalists and honor all who serve the cause of press freedom—particularly those who do so at great risk.
The right to free expression is enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, | On World Press Freedom Day, we salute the world’s journalists and honor all who serve the cause of press freedom—particularly those who do so at great risk.
The right to free expression is enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, reinforced by a range of international treaties, and written into numerous national constitutions. In July 2011, a Syrian non-governmental organization earned consultative status in the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations for its work on the issue, underscoring the regard held by the international community for all who labor to protect this fundamental human right.
Today, the organization’s founder is languishing behind bars. Mazen Darwish’s arrest on February 16 without charge or trial—and continuing detention by the Syrian government in solitary confinement—should inflame the conscience of all decent people. It should also be far less common. According to the Committee to Protect Journalists, 179 journalists were jailed worldwide as of last December. Already in 2012, 17 have been killed simply for being journalists, six of them in Syria—including the veteran American reporter, Marie Colvin.
Earlier this year, President Obama said, “When universal human rights are denied, when the independence of judiciaries or legislatures or the press is threatened, we will speak out.” Today, we raise our voices for all who risk their lives for the idea that no one shou |
AROUND AND AROUND (THE WATER CYCLE)
Grades 2 - 3
The water cycle? What is it? This lesson introduces students
to the major components and vocabulary of the water cycle through
use of video. It | AROUND AND AROUND (THE WATER CYCLE)
Grades 2 - 3
The water cycle? What is it? This lesson introduces students
to the major components and vocabulary of the water cycle through
use of video. It culminates with the class making a water cycle in a
and discussing care of our water.
"Take a Look #118: Rain"
Students will be able to:
- Demonstrate knowledge of the components of the water cycle by
it and by making a model of it.
- Explain how the Earth-Sun relationship shapes climate.
- Understand the reasons and explain why we need to take care of our
For each student:
- 10 clear cup
- 1/3 cup (measuring cup)
- empty ice cube tray
- small clear jar filled with rocks
- hot plate & tea kettle
- frozen ice cubes in tray
- plant in a baggie
- dry erase markers
- quart-size zip-lock baggie
- duplicated picture of water cycle
- permanent markers and crayons
- small amount of gravel
- 1 sheet of drawing paper
- water cycle
Who has heard of something called the water cycle? Even if
have not learned about it or heard of it, I need you to draw it for me.
It is OK if you don't know about this. I am just checking on what you
before we begin. We call this a pretest so I can have some idea of what
we learn today. So please, draw the water cycle for me." Pass out
and crayons and have the class draw the water cycle as best they can.
Remember our lesson about the three states of matter: solid, liquid, and
gas?" Allude to a previously covered topic by asking the class to
what those three states of matter are. A solid is something that does not
change shape when moved from place to place. A liquid is something that
does not have a shape of its own. It can be poured. Water is a liquid. A
gas is something that does not have a shape of its own and expands to
a container. Air is a gas.
"Today we are going to be talking about water and the water cycle.
A cycle is like a circle. It goes around and around. We have what is
a closed system on Earth. All of the water here stays here. All the water
that we have on Earth today is water that was here when the dinosaurs
here. None of it escapes into space. Some of this water on Earth is
for us to use as fresh water and some isn't.
Let's pretend that I can shrink all the water on Earth into these 10 cups
of water here. This represents all the water available to us on
Measure 1/3 cup of water from the 10 cups. "This 1/3 cup represents
all the freshwater on Earth. Freshwater is water that we can drink."
"The remaining 9 2/3 cups of water is salt water." Pour salt
that water. Set aside.
To visualize frozen freshwater, I will remove 12 teaspoons from the 1/3
cup of fresh water and pour this into an ice tray. This shows the world's
fresh water that is frozen in polar ice caps and glaciers." Set
"We can't use this water, either."
"To show fresh ground water, I am going to pour all but 1 teaspoon
of the remaining freshwater into a clear jar containing rocks. The water
in this jar represents the amount of water that occurs in the ground.
The remaining 1 teaspoon represents all the fresh surface water in the
This is all the water we have available to us and we need to take care of
it." (This is an adaptation from GEE-WOW! Adventures in Water
Ecology Center of Ann Arbor, Michigan.) This allows some review of
and of measuring.
To give the class a main focus for viewing this video, ask
to "Please listen to find out what the water cycle is all about. You
need to listen for the three parts of the water cycle and what these
things do in the water cycle."
START video immediately after the title RAIN and right
before the boy sings, "Rain, rain go away."
PAUSE video immediately after Kate says, "Unfortunately, we
don't have much control over the water cycle" to give students a
responsibility while viewing the first segment. Ask the class,
Cycle? What is the water cycle? Raise your hand when you can describe the
main idea of what the water cycle is and how it works."
PAUSE as soon as a child raises a hand or after Kate tells the
("...back to a liquid again") to check on the class' answer
constant changing of a liquid to a gas and back to a liquid again). (You
might check here on comprehension of liquids, solids, and gases
REWIND a few seconds back to after Kate says, "Unfortunately,
we don't have much control over the water cycle." This will give a
chance to highlight the main idea. "Let's hear that part
Give the class a specific focus for viewing as you ask them to
again for the main idea of the water cycle and how it works."
PAUSE after Kate says, "...back to a liquid again" to
comprehension of the main idea. "Tell me again |
The first words the Torah quotes Adam as saying appear right after his wife was created. He gives her a name, but also mentions a connection between his name and hers:
וַיֹּאמֶר, ה | The first words the Torah quotes Adam as saying appear right after his wife was created. He gives her a name, but also mentions a connection between his name and hers:
וַיֹּאמֶר, הָאָדָם, זֹאת הַפַּעַם עֶצֶם מֵעֲצָמַי, וּבָשָׂר מִבְּשָׂרִי; לְזֹאת יִקָּרֵא אִשָּׁה, כִּי מֵאִישׁ לֻקְחָה-זֹּאת.
Then the man said, "This one at last is bone of my bones and flesh of my flesh. This one shall be called Woman (isha) for from man (ish) she was taken". (Bereshit 2:23)
As you might imagine, I love the idea that the first recorded human sentence include an etymology! Ibn Ezra says that the words ish איש and isha אשה are related, and Rashi goes even further. Based on the midrash in Bereshit Rabba (18:4), he says that from this verse we learn that the world was created in Hebrew!
However, there are a few difficulties with what we've said so far. First of all, almost all modern linguists say that ish and isha aren't related. Ish comes from the root אוש, meaning strength (the related root אשש means "to strengthen"), and isha derives from אנש, meaning weak. (The common plural of both - anashim אנשים - "men" and nashim - נשים - "women" also derive from אנש). Aside from the fact that the Torah mentions them together, it might seem difficult to believe that they aren't from the same root. We see the letter heh added as a feminine suffix in many words. Why shouldn't we accept what appears to be the obvious etymology here as well?
Well, first of all, we should be careful of "obvious" etymologies. I've warned a number of times of the danger of assuming that words in English and Hebrew that have similar sounds and meanings are |
Researchers at the Polytechnic School in Montreal, Canada are exploring applications for a touch-sensitive fabric that reacts to finger swipes or touches to control any device.
"In essence we are trying to reproduce the smartphone experience in textile form," says researcher M | Researchers at the Polytechnic School in Montreal, Canada are exploring applications for a touch-sensitive fabric that reacts to finger swipes or touches to control any device.
"In essence we are trying to reproduce the smartphone experience in textile form," says researcher Maksim Skorobogatiy. "We are looking for applications where we can weave in sleek, non-invasive control, avoiding blocks of push buttons."
Such a material would allow control of any function in a vehicle from the climate control to stereo volume by simply swiping or touch the side bolster of your seat for example. The applications beyond automotive are endless.
Researches have developed a polymer-based fiber that is woven into a special fabric that maintains an electrical charge. When touched, that electrical charge fluctuates which is then interpreted by software to determine the desired output or function.
Skorobogatiy says, "Finger touches or swipes modified the capacitance of the fabric (a measure of its ability to store charge) when an alternating current was passed through the fibres. That allowed the team to write software that could pinpoint exactly where the pad had been touched. This means that finger movements such as swipes and touches can be logged and used to control the air-conditioning, say, or the volume on the radio."
BMW first presented this idea of touch sensitive surfaces in the Vision ConnectedDrive Concept displayed at the Geneva Motor Show in 2011. The concept featured fiber optic light embedded surfaces receptive to touch for controlling HVAC and infotainment functions. A BMW spokesperson ackowledged they are looking into the technology for vehicle applications but provided no details. |
World War I Centennial: Kaiser Warns Belgian King that War is Inevitable
The First World War was an unprecedented catastrophe that killed millions and set the continent of Europe on the path to further calamity two decades later. But it didn | World War I Centennial: Kaiser Warns Belgian King that War is Inevitable
The First World War was an unprecedented catastrophe that killed millions and set the continent of Europe on the path to further calamity two decades later. But it didn’t come out of nowhere. With the centennial of the outbreak of hostilities coming up in 2014, Erik Sass will be looking back at the lead-up to the war, when seemingly minor moments of friction accumulated until the situation was ready to explode. He'll be covering those events 100 years after they occurred. This is the 91st installment in the series.
November 6, 1913: Kaiser Warns Belgian King That War Is Inevitable
Kaiser Wilhelm II was not known for his finesse or sense of decorum; in fact, he was notorious for his complete lack of tact. Take, for example, a speech he gave in 1900 urging his soldiers to model themselves on the barbarian Huns, or the time in 1908 when he told a British newspaper that most Germans hated the British. But the gaffe-prone German emperor outdid himself on November 6, 1913, when he turned a pleasant diplomatic meet-and-greet into a terrifying dinner party from hell for the guest of honor.
The unhappy object of Wilhelm’s attentions was King Albert of Belgium (above), a quiet, reasonable man whose personal modesty and intellect were matched only by his integrity and Catholic piety—a perfect monarch for an unassuming realm. Albert was paying the first visit to Berlin by a Belgian king since his uncle Leopold II in 1904; the Belgian royal family was of German descent (the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, which also includes the British royal family, renamed the House of Windsor in 1917 due to anti-German sentiment) and the two countries enjoyed strong economic and cultural ties, so there was every reason to expect a friendly, low-stress encounter, limited to the usual aristocratic pastimes of horseback riding, dancing, champagne, cigars and gossip.
It was not to be. It seems Albert’s hosts had decided to take the opportunity to persuade the Belgian king to ally with Germany in any future war with France—or at least allow the Germans to pass through Belgium unimpeded on their way to France, as called for by the Schlieffen Plan. Wilhelm and the German chief of staff, Helmuth von Moltke (the Younger), set about the task in typically muddled fashion, prying and bullying by turns as they sought to ascertain Belgium’s likely course of action. It was all especially bizarre given Wilhelm’s own reputation as a man of peace; unsurprisingly, this totally unexpected assault left their guests confused and frightened—Hohenzollern hospitality at its best.
Speaking with Albert at the ball before dinner, the Kaiser pointed to general Alexander von Kluck and stated matter-of-factly that he was the man who would “lead the march on Paris.” This shocking statement was merely the amuse-bouche for a four-course meal of insane (and possibly inebriated) invective. The Belgian ambassador to Berlin, Baron Napoleon-Eugène Beyens, recalled: “The Kaiser discoursed at length on the political situation in Europe. He thinks it so bad, through the fault of France, that he regards war with her as inevitable and imminent… The King tried to overcome this disastrous error of judgment… All to no purpose. The Kaiser obstinately went on declaring that a conflict was inevitable and that he had no doubt of the crushing superiority of the German army.” Among other things, he cited the Three-Year Service Law as proof of French hostility.
After Wilhelm’s opening salvoes, Moltke took the lead with all the subtlety of a Prussian drill sergeant, warning his listeners, “Small countries, such as Belgium, would be well advised to rally to the side of the strong if they wished to retain their independence.” Albert’s military advisor Captain Emile Joseph Galet noted: “This was more than intimidation; it was a shameless threat against the neutrality and independence of Belgium.” And still they pounded away at their bewildered guests. When the Belgian military attaché Major Melotte demurred, Moltke snapped: “Do not have any illusions. War with France is inevitable and much nearer than you think. We do not desire it… [but] we are sure of being victorious… We shall lose battles but shall win in the end.”
With this terrifying scenario laid out, Moltke again demanded to know what Belgium would do if, say, one of the Great Powers violated her neutrality: would she actually fight, even if it were hopeless, or would she bow to the inevitable and lay down her arms (as the Germans hoped)? Shocked, Melotte replied that Belgian honor required her to fight any invader with all her strength. Turning back to Albert after dinner, Moltke now blithely contradicted his earlier assertion that Germany didn’t want war: “Your Majesty cannot examine the irresistible enthusiasm which will permeate Germany on The Day.”
Wilhelm and Moltke were careful to avoid an open diplomatic breach; the Teutonic duo could always claim that they were simply inquiring whether Belgium would defend itself against France in t |
Orchestras, choirs and glee clubs all need a leader – and a music director or conductor fills that void. And while the performers are often the recipients of the most praise, it is usually the hard work of the music director that | Orchestras, choirs and glee clubs all need a leader – and a music director or conductor fills that void. And while the performers are often the recipients of the most praise, it is usually the hard work of the music director that ultimately creates a fluid, successful production. Music directors conduct and plan both vocal and instrumental performances. They must also audition and select the musicians or singers that will be used in the ensemble, establishing which parts they will play and deciding on the most appropriate music for their talent, ability and skill level. During rehearsals, the director is in charge of making sure the musicians are prepared, and making any necessary changes to the score. Directors work to achieve harmony, rhythm, pitch and tempo and balance it with other musical effects. Other responsibilities a musical director often handles include collaborating with music librarians to ensure the availability of scores; engaging the services of composers to write scores and discuss interpretations of their work; applying for grants, developing budgets and designing programs; and arranging concert dates, venues, accommodations and transportation for longer tours.
- Studying an instrument or voice training at an early age is typical of those aspiring to become a music director.
- A bachelor’s, master’s or doctorate degree in a music-related field, combined with actual performance experience, is the best preparation for potential music directors.
- Competition for jobs is keen; music directors may need to consider guest conductor positions with multiple organizations until a permanent spot opens.
Music directors spend the majority of their time practicing and rehearsing with an orchestra, symphony, choir or glee club. There may also be travel, as some performance companies tour frequently. Directors can expect to work with a wide variety of people, including colleagues, agents, employers, sponsors and audiences. Although much of their work is done indoors, certain parades, concerts and festivals may require conducting outdoors.
Education, Training and Licensing
Training is the key to becoming a successful music director. Many start their training at a youn |
At the beginning of the twentieth-century the bicycle was as potent a symbol of speed as the car, and the subject of as many Cubist and Futurist art works. Yet by 1943, Pevsner could say bicycle sheds | At the beginning of the twentieth-century the bicycle was as potent a symbol of speed as the car, and the subject of as many Cubist and Futurist art works. Yet by 1943, Pevsner could say bicycle sheds were not architecture, something he could not have said about buildings for cars, which by then had become symbols of what was being hailed as The Machine Age.
The past decade has seen a reversal in attitudes, with the prestige of cars being tainted by the size of their ecological footprints, and bicycles being catered for with award winning end-of-trip storage facilities. Referring to these and other examples, the paper argues bicycles are replacing cars as paragons that embody principles many architects are striving toward, such as irreducibility, frugality, and archetypal perfection. Strategies being used by architects to glorify cycling are illuminated here, by referring back to strategies previous generations used to glorify driving.
While the impact on architecture of the cultural ascention of cycling, calls for the machine age to be reconsidered, there is a sense in which nothing has changed. Architects’ interest in bicycles is consistent with their long standing preoccupation with time as a spatial dimension, something Sigfried Giedion first noticed.
A lot of research has been devoted to the impact urban design has had on car use and bike use. This essay takes an alternative tack, in that it only looks at individual buildings, not road and cycle path networks, or the issue of density. By drawing attention to the fact that architects designing individual buildings, could be as destructive as town planners and urban designers when it came to promoting car use, by for example creating an image of the good life where cars sat front and center, we can begin to see how architects today might be causing a shift, whetting people's appetite for a lifestyle that incorporates cycling.
Making Cars Part of the Architectural Program
There is no shortage of examples of well known buildings that glorified cars by making them a part of the architectural program. Giaccomo Matte-Trucco's Fiat Factory in Turin is a standout, having a banked oval test track where completed cars could race around on the roof. While Matte-Trucco was a naval engineer, his building owes something to the Italian Futurists' intoxication with the speed of cars, that they expressed in paintings, and manifestos. The factory also features a double helix spiral car ramp inside, for the movement of vehicles up, through and then out of the factory as they are assembled, tested, then sent out to be sold.
Albert Laprade and L. E. Bazin's Le Marbeauf Showroon in Paris (1929) did something similar, allowing buyers to drive their old car in one door, and their new Citroen out of the other. The centerpiece of Bazin's building was a 6 level display stack of cars surrounding an atrium, to dazzle passersby.
It is one thing to design the circulation of a car showroom or factory around the cumbersome turning circles of cars, but quite another to accommodate cars when designing the plan of the house, where traditionally the circulation needs agile human bodies were all that designers had to consider. Admittedly, Le Corbusier's The Villa Savoy does not accommodate car access to various levels in the manner of the examples above, but its plan nonetheless is distorted considerably for the sake of a car. The radius of a semi-circular wall at ground level, and the column grid running up through the house, are determined by the turning circle and width of a Voisin car that can be driven into the volume of the house-proper. When the car's steering is turned to full lock, it can hug that curved wall and turn through a full 180 degrees. Ostensibly the undercroft to this raised house, becomes one long porte-cochere. By bringing cars into the house, when they could as easily have stopped at the door, Le Corbusier created an image of modern living that speaks as loudly to driving, as it does human ambulation.
By the time of the post-war era of car fueled urban sprawl, hardly a house was featured in the architectural press w |
Not every American farmer relies on federal subsidies. Watermelon, potato, garlic, berry, and other produce farmers have stuck it out on their own and done well; their crops bring in $52 billion a year, about half the agricultural value of | Not every American farmer relies on federal subsidies. Watermelon, potato, garlic, berry, and other produce farmers have stuck it out on their own and done well; their crops bring in $52 billion a year, about half the agricultural value of the United States. But increased foreign competition has them scared, so now they’re pleading for special treatment in the next agriculture bill. Among other favors, they want federal money for advertising overseas and land conservation.
Their main problem? Other farmers. Any help they might get is likely to come out of the same pot of money now given to growers of staple food. Corn and wheat farmers have enjoyed federal support since the Great Depression, and they aren’t anxious to hand a couple billion of “their” dollars to people who grow pansies, grapes, and lemons.
Producers contend they’re not looking for direct handouts, just some extra cash for marketing and research. After all, they say, everyone else gets a slice of the pie. In a November speech Secretary of Agriculture Mike Johanns agreed, arguing that produce growers should get the same treatment as corn and wheat farmers if our farm policy is to be “equitable, predictable and beyond challenge.” |
Water resources management at Fort Huachuca continues 15 years later
July 26, 2010
- Fort Huachuca's mission, as well as the region's water needs, depends on groundwater availability.
FORT HUACH | Water resources management at Fort Huachuca continues 15 years later
July 26, 2010
- Fort Huachuca's mission, as well as the region's water needs, depends on groundwater availability.
FORT HUACHUCA, Ariz. -- Since 1994, Fort Huachuca's personnel have been reducing, reusing and recharging the fort's water supply by implementing numerous projects and educating the work force and community about water and its importance to the installation.
The need for efficient water resources management, which encompasses water conservation, water augmentation, and reuse and recharge of treated waste water, is because Fort Huachuca is located in an area that receives about 15 inches of rainwater per year. Fort Huachuca's mission, as well as the region's water needs, depends on groundwater availability.
For the past 15 years, Fort Huachuca has reduced groundwater pumping by 60 percent through projects such as installing artificial turf on physical training fields, waterless urinals, installing water-efficient irrigation, and exploiting rainwater for irrigation of grassy areas.
"Implementing efficient water resources management is particularly important in this area because we're extracting, or using, more groundwater than is being replenished into the system every year," explains Tom Runyon, hydrologist in the Directorate of Public Work's Environmental and Natural Resources Division.
Runyon uses the "bank account analogy" to describe water usage by explaining, "we're drawing more money than we're putting into our bank account."
That means, at some point in the future, there is going to be a supply problem, he notes, explaining also that our use of groundwater competes with ecosystem needs for that same water.
Groundwater helps support perennial flow, which is year-round flow, in the San Pedro River. Some of the water used by Fort Huachuca and the community would have eventually discharged into the San Pedro River.
Runyon says the first step is to "balance the bank account," then we have to account for all the time in which we were drawing at a rate that was higher than the rate it was being replenished.
"We've already impacted the groundwater system and potentially impacted flows in the San Pedro River," he says. "If we could get to a point where we're not just balancing it, but replenishing the aquifer, we're going to start repairing some of the damage that's been done."
Runyon believes we're about halfway to the point of balancing the aquifer, since 2004, but he notes it becomes more difficult once the straightforward initiatives, such as the waterless urinals, fixing leaks, and putting in action an aggressive irrigation policy, are tackled. "Our next steps are going to be difficult," he adds.
One of the most recent initiatives being put into place comes from personnel at Mountain Vista Community.
It began with an Army-wide utility initiative to charge residents who overuse gas and electricity, or give a credit for those households that use less than the household's monthly average.
"Sierra Vista and the Huachuca area have a different issue than most of the Army installations, when it comes to water," explains Sylvia Pete, chief of DPW's Housing Division.
"We elected, at Fort Huachuca, as part of our community management development plan, to include metering water so we could identify people who were using a lot," she explains, adding they also want to detect water leaks and water abuse.
Pete also notes the water metering system hasn't been made mandatory across the Army like the charging or credit for gas and electricity, but it's important because the system will allow MVC personnel to be able to detect not only underground water leaks quickly, but problems inside the house, which will help conserve more water.
Pete says they are still in the process of installing the meters and ensuring they are working correctly. MVC plans to have all meters installed by m |
Arkansas CensusEdit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
1790-1800--No federal census records exist for Arkansas.
1810-1820--The 1810 and 1820 censuses for the area that became Arkansas | Arkansas CensusEdit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
1790-1800--No federal census records exist for Arkansas.
1810-1820--The 1810 and 1820 censuses for the area that became Arkansas were destroyed.
1850 United States Census—A free Internet index and images to the 1850 United States Census can be viewed on the FamilySearch Record Search – Pilot Site. This index includes every name listed on the census and is linked to an image including information about each person’s residence and age in 1850, birthplace, occupation, other family members, and neighbors.
1860 United States Census—A free Internet index and images to the 1860 United States Census can be viewed on the FamilySearch Record Search – Pilot Site. This index includes every name listed on the census and is linked to an image including information about each person’s residence and age in 1860, birthplace, occupation, other family members, whether married or single, and neighbors.
1870 United States Census A free internet index and images can be viewed on FamilySearch Record Pilot site. The following is included in this census: full name, age, sex, race, birthplace, occupation, month if born in census year, month if married in census year, birth place of father and mother, if born in a foreign country.
1880 United States Census– A Free Internet Index and Images to the US Census can be |
Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) were initially defined as neurological syndromes of unknown cause that often antedate the diagnosis of an underlying, usually not clinically evident, cancer. In the last two decades, the discovery | Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) were initially defined as neurological syndromes of unknown cause that often antedate the diagnosis of an underlying, usually not clinically evident, cancer. In the last two decades, the discovery that many PNS are associated with antibodies against neural antigens expressed by the tumour (onconeural antibodies), has suggested that some PNS are immune mediated. PNS are rare and occur in less than 1% of patients with cancer. However, the diagnosis and treatment is important because the disability caused by the PNS is often severe and the correct diagnosis usually leads to the discovery of a small tumor with a high chance of being cured.
In November, 2002, a European Panel of neurologists interested in the field of PNS established the PNS Euronetwork supported by a European Union grant. The aim is to assist neurologists in the diagnosis and classification of PNS by providing rigorous diagnostic criteria for the different PNS, to interchange information among the different centres, and to facilitate the pooling of patients for clinical trials. |
John Henry Walker (1831–1899), a pioneer Canadian engraver and illustrator, was from County Antrim in Northern Ireland and as a young boy emigrated in 1842 to Canada with his family, settling in Toronto. In | John Henry Walker (1831–1899), a pioneer Canadian engraver and illustrator, was from County Antrim in Northern Ireland and as a young boy emigrated in 1842 to Canada with his family, settling in Toronto. In 1845 he was apprenticed for three years to the engraver Cyrus A. Swett, where he was trained in copper and wood engraving.
Walker provided the engravings for catalogues, government reports, advertisements and magazines such as The Canadian Illustrated News, L'Opinion Publique and Le Monde Illustré, and produced the front-cover illustration for his launching of Punch in Canada in 1849. The magazine was styled on the English Punch and failed when published by Walker as a weekly. His other short-lived humorous periodicals were The Jester, Grinchuckle and Diogenes. He is regarded as a pioneer of political cartooning in Canada and dominated engraving in Montreal from 1845 into the 1890s. His legacy of illustrations provides a rich insight into life in Victorian Canada. |
Jacqueline Banerjee. [This image may be freely used without prior permission for any scholarly or educational purpose.]. Photograph and text 2006 by
Beadnell in north Northumberland is the only west-facing port on the east | Jacqueline Banerjee. [This image may be freely used without prior permission for any scholarly or educational purpose.]. Photograph and text 2006 by
Beadnell in north Northumberland is the only west-facing port on the east coast of England. It is very ancient (Bronze Age burial chambers have been found along the shore), its name possibly deriving from "Bede's Hall." The harbour was built in 1798, and the well-preserved lime-kilns there date from the turn of the century too. Smuggling, horse-racing (along the shore) and coal-mining were other activities here, though mining and horse-racing had ceased by Victorian times. By then it had become the main herring fishing village on the north-east coast. Although there were only 323 inhabitants in the 1841 census, and 326 in the 1851 census, fishermen from nearby Scotland and even from as far away as Cornwall and Ireland would put in here during the summer months. It is now better-known as a holiday resort, but has such a long sweep of shoreline that it remains largely unspoiled.
- Beadnell Community Website
Last modified 11 August 2006 |
November 11, 2013
- Progress in determining the structures of mercury azides
- Hydrogenate aliphatic amides in a flow reactor
- Materials science techniques for studying pathological crystals
- Characterize microporous organic | November 11, 2013
- Progress in determining the structures of mercury azides
- Hydrogenate aliphatic amides in a flow reactor
- Materials science techniques for studying pathological crystals
- Characterize microporous organic polymers
- Near-IR fluorogens allow high-contrast biological imaging
Progress is made in determining the structures of mercury azides. Mercury azides are potentially explosive covalent compounds whose structures have not been completely elucidated. A. Schulz, A. Villinger, and co-workers at the University of Rostock (Germany) studied mercury azides and found three ways to prepare (Hg2N)N3, the azide of Millon’s base (see figure).
The mercury azide studies led to the first known single-crystal structures of monoclinic Hg2(N3)2, orthorhombic α-Hg(N3)2, and metastable orthorhombic β-Hg(N3)2, which reverts to the α-form when it is exposed to water.
(Hg2N)N3, the first example of a binary nitridometal azide, exists in two phases: hexagonal (α) and cubic (β). The phases are not suitable for single-crystal structure determination; but they can be examined by X-ray powder diffraction, inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and Raman spectroscopy. (Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 10900–10904; José C. Barros).
Hydrogenate aliphatic amides in a flow reactor. Amide reduction is a common synthetic route to amines. Conventional amide-reduction protocols often involve highly reactive reducing agents and generate large amounts of waste that create safety and environmental problems.
Catalytic hydrogenation of amides, however, is highly atom-economic and generates little waste (water is the only byproduct). Inspired by developments in continuous-flow reaction systems, D. J. Cole-Hamilton and coauthors at the University of St. Andrews and Queen’s University (Belfast, both in the UK) designed and built a continuous-flow hydrogenation reactor for efficient, selective amide reduction with a heterogeneous catalytic system.
In the continuous-flow reactor, amide solutions, hydrogen, and supercritical CO2 (scCO2) are simultaneously fed through a preheater to a vertical-bed reactor packed with a 4% Pt−4% Re/TiO2 catalyst. With a hydrogen flow rate of 190 mL/min, 120 ºC temperature, and 20 bar hydrogen pressure, N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one (1) in hexane (0.33 M, flow rate 0.06 mL/min) is reduced to N-methylpyrrolidine (2) with 100% conversion and selectivity. The concentration and flow rate of 1 in hexane can be increased to 0.67 M and 0.06 mL/min, respectively, without a significant decrease in conversion or selectivity. Similarly, N-methylpropanamide (3) can be converted to N-methylpropylamine (4) with up to 99% conversion and 86% selectivity.
This method has several advantages over the batch mode, including high mass recovery (with decane as the solvent) and minimal catalyst leaching. The scope of the catalytic system, however, is currently limited to aliphatic amides. (ChemCatChem 2013, 5, 2843–2847; Xin Su)
Use materials science techniques to study pathological crystals. Crystal formation within the human body causes a variety of medical problems. Pathology research typically focuses on the physiological rather than the materials science aspect of this phenomenon. Studies of basic crystal properties such as nucleation, growth, aggregation, and adhesion under pathological conditions may help identify causes, therapies, and preventive measures.
L. N. Poloni and M. D. Ward* of New York University (New York City) reviewed the literature on crystal formation in simulated physiological environments. They summarized the current knowledge of the roles of urinary substituents, anionic proteins, synthetic polymers, and small molecules in the formation of kidney stones, gallstones, gout-forming sodium urate crystals, and cholesterol crystals.
Advances in analytical techniques, including grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and cryogenic soft X-ray tomography, offer insight into crystal-growth modes and kinetics at the near-molecular scale. Chemical force microscopy provides information about the adhesive properties of individual crystal faces by using functionalized probes to measure interactions between the crystal surfaces and specific molecular entities.
In situ atomic force microscopy gives a molecular-level view of crystal growth in real time and under variable conditions of composition, temperature, pH, and solution flow rate. This knowledge is vital for developing inhibitors that stereospecifically bind to growing crystal faces and retard furth |
My father was just told he has advanced-stage arthritis of his left hip and needs a joint replacement. How serious is this?
Osteoarthritis (OA) is classified or staged according to changes in the size of the hip joint space and | My father was just told he has advanced-stage arthritis of his left hip and needs a joint replacement. How serious is this?
Osteoarthritis (OA) is classified or staged according to changes in the size of the hip joint space and condition of the bone. As the cartilage wears down, the joint space gets narrower. Bone spurs called osteophytes start to form around the edges of the bone.
These and other changes are seen on X-rays. Advanced OA is defined as narrowing of the joint space along with spots of radiolucency from bone erosion. Radiolucency means the image is dark because the X-rays have passed through where the bone has worn away.
Of the four stages of OA, advanced-stage is the third stage before the final end-stage arthritis. In end-stage disease, the joint space is absent and bone spur formation is severe.
Patients with advanced or end-stage disease are most likely to be considered for joint replacement. Younger patients with advanced stage disease may be able to have a procedure called joint resurfacing. Then later, if the joint wears out completely, a joint replacement is possible. Older patients (usually 65 years or older) are more likely to receive a total joint replacement.
For more information on this subject, call The Zehr Center for Orthopaedics at 239-596-0100 or visit www.zehrce |
Aikido is a form of Budo. Budo is basically the use of the martial arts for personal transformation. Aikido as Budo is a “Michi” or Martial “WAY” (the “do” in Aiki | Aikido is a form of Budo. Budo is basically the use of the martial arts for personal transformation. Aikido as Budo is a “Michi” or Martial “WAY” (the “do” in Aiki-do). O-Sensei, the Founder, actually believed that through Aikido, the whole world could be brought into a state of harmony; he called our art “The Way of Peace”. For him, Budo was a life and death matter. Given the right level of commitment one could truly become a better person, less fearful, stronger, braver, more compassionate. One could, in his or her own Mind and Body understand that everything in the universe is essentially connected. His creation of Aikido represents a radical transformation of how Budo was viewed historically. It is a unique art. It is not a “hobby”, it is not a “sport”, it is not a “workout”, it is a Michi, a Way. The central maxim of Aikido is “masakatsu, agatsu” “True Victory is Self Victory”. |
The SUV has become the gas-guzzling poster
child of American wastefulness, the villain of climate change. But there's a more insidious energy-guzzler sitting in your living room. It's your TV.
Our national love | The SUV has become the gas-guzzling poster
child of American wastefulness, the villain of climate change. But there's a more insidious energy-guzzler sitting in your living room. It's your TV.
Our national love affair with television has never been stronger, what with those sexy flat-screen, high-definition models now flooding the market. Americans collectively own some
266 million working televisions, a number that's expected to grow by 3.5 percent a year. At that rate, televisions will outnumber humans in the United States by 2010. Sounds like the premise of a bad sci-fi movie, but the environmental consequences are real: Televisions currently consume about 4 percent of all residential electricity, most of which is generated by conventional coal-fired power plants spewing global warming pollution into the air.
For Noah Horowitz, an NRDC scientist whose work focuses on improving the efficiency of common energy-sucking gizmos and appliances, from vending machines to lightbulbs, slashing electricity consumption by televisions presents an interesting challenge. Big high-definition TVs consume considerably more energy than their fuzzy, outdated brethren. What's more, watching an action-packed animated film like Pixar's Monsters, Inc. requires more juice than watching Citizen Kane or some other black-and-white Hollywood classic; powering all those ultrasharp pixels adds up. And as is the case with most electronics, televisions use energy even when they're switched off.
Horowitz, whose career in science began when he was a chemical engineering student at Carnegie Mellon University, is now a bona-fide electronics geek with an environmental bent. Over the past several years, he helped write government standards for those little black power-supply units that con-vert the high-voltage AC current coming out of wall sockets into the low-voltage DC current that powers most appliances, including iPods, cell phones, and laptops. There are 1.5 billion such devices in the United States alone, and thanks to Horowitz's work, the next generation of them will use a lot less energy, preventing 3.8 million tons of global warming pollution from entering the atmosphere each year. For this, one of the nation's foremost authorities on energy efficiency, the American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy, honored Horowitz and his collaborators with its top award last year -- the Nobel Prize of the field.
Now Horowitz is looking to devise u |
Dog Tick Scientific Name: Dermacentor variabilis
Dog Ticks Facts
There are thousands of ticks in the world, but the dog tick is the one that is most likely to cause misery for you and your pet. Dogs may come | Dog Tick Scientific Name: Dermacentor variabilis
Dog Ticks Facts
There are thousands of ticks in the world, but the dog tick is the one that is most likely to cause misery for you and your pet. Dogs may come into contact with dog ticks when outdoors, particularly in high grasses, or may even catch them from other stray or untreated animals, including cats.
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Dog ticks are blood suckers and, as such, can transmit many diseases to your pets. There are many preventative medications that are available at your veterinary clinic or local drug or pet stores. These can help reduce the chances of a dog tick staying around if your dog should come in contact with one. Many of these medications may also provide a cure when a dog tick is found, however, it is essential to also remove the tick from under the skin to prevent further infection.
Dog Ticks Identification
You can tell if your pet has a dog tick by watching their behavior. The area is likely to be sore, swollen and red. You can also usually see the tick under the surface drawing blood. You can remove them using tweezers or take them to a vet. Similar symptoms may arise in people and can be treated the same way. Medical treatment is usually recommended as a preventative measure afterward to ensure both pets and people are safe and are not at risk from secondary disease.
Dog ticks themselves look like much larger versions of fleas. They have a rounded, fat body with six legs and are usually a brown or tan color but may also appear black to the naked eye. Ticks have hard shell on their back and most medication or preventative treatments have a picture, which is enlarged for easy identification. Dog ticks are commonly found in grass or forest areas, but can be found on animals or people acting as hosts.
Dog Ticks Habitat
Much like most other ticks, dog ticks can be found waiting in low grasses in many countryside and rural areas. There is a general misconception that ticks may live in trees, but this is untrue. They will wait in low-level grasses, usually no higher than waist-high and will prey on animals or sometimes humans who pass by. They can survive up to a year when mature without a blood meal and prefer to seek residence on dogs, who can provide a steady blood supply. They may change between two to three hosts within their lifetime.
Once they have a host, dog ticks can survive for a few years and may change hosts during this time. This may be a matter of preference or may be because their hosts invariably dies from anemia, blood loss over time or disease. If this happens, they will likely return to a grassy area before waiting for a new host to latch onto.
Life Cycle of Dog Ticks
Dog ticks have four main life cycles, just like other ticks and many insects. These phases are eggs, larvae, nymphs and adults. Each phase allows for birth, growth, development and reproduction. Female dog ticks will lay their eggs most frequently in its host, so that when they are born they have the required blood meals readily available. Larvae, which hatch from eggs do not have legs and as such, cannot find a host for themselves.
The larvae will feed extensively on their host in order to gain enough energy to compete their second phase of development. Once they have fed and shed their skin several times to accommodate rapid growth, they will go into a lymphatic phase which will allow them to grow their legs and emerge from a cocoon as adults. Adult dog ticks will then seek out their own host, and during the growth cycles, a host can be drained of its blood supply.
Dog ticks can survive without a meal from this point for up to a year if required. They will breed frequently and are sexually mature from this point on. A tick may survive for a few years and females may breed many times during this adult phase, creating hundreds of new dog ticks.
Dog Ticks and Humans
While dog ticks may cause stress and concern fo |
Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy has long been demonstrated to enable detection of ~ng/ml of proteins. The detection limit varies with the size of the protein and the binding affinity of the antibody. In many cases signal enhancement with a secondary antibody, | Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy has long been demonstrated to enable detection of ~ng/ml of proteins. The detection limit varies with the size of the protein and the binding affinity of the antibody. In many cases signal enhancement with a secondary antibody, often labeled with a nanoparticle or another large protein, is needed to achieve ng/ml detection limits. However, lower detection limits and reliable quantitation in complex matrices, such as serum, have eluded SPR sensors.
We are developing a lab-on-a-chip sensor for determination of protein biomarkers for heart attacks and strokes. Incorporated in the sensor are strategies to overcome many of the problems that have traditionally limited application of SPR spectroscopy to real-world samples:
- microfluidic's to minimize needed sample volume
- electrokinetic separation and pre-concentration to effectively separate the analytes from background proteins
- biopolymer coatings to minimize surface fouling
- addressable SPR sensing pads, each with different molecular recognition motif, to account for thermal effects that change the SPR signal background
- rapid "just in time" functionalization of SPR sensing pads from lyophilized antibodies to ensure a fresh and active surface at the time of analysis. |
Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer.
2006 August 29
Explanation: It's the blue wisp near the bottom that's | Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer.
2006 August 29
Explanation: It's the blue wisp near the bottom that's the remnant of a tremendous recent supernova explosion. The large pink structure looming to the upper right is part of N76, a large star forming region in our neighboring Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) galaxy. The supernova remnant wisp, with full coordinate name 1E0102.2-7219 and frequently abbreviated as E0102, also lies in the SMC, about 50 light years away from N76. The above image is a composite of several images taken by the Hubble Space Telescope. E0102 is of research interest because we see it as it appeared only 2,000 years after its explosion. Examination of E0102 therefore gives clues about how an enigmatic supernova works and what materials it dispersed into the surrounding interstellar medium.
Authors & editors:
NASA Web Site Statements, Warnings, and Disclaimers
NASA Official: Jay Norris. Specific rights apply.
A service of: EUD at NASA / GSFC
& Michigan Tech. U. |
The next chapter presents a general overview of the major external factors that can influence both the organization and content of work. Chapter 3 turns to the organizational context of work and reviews what is known about recent trends in the restructuring of organizations and what these | The next chapter presents a general overview of the major external factors that can influence both the organization and content of work. Chapter 3 turns to the organizational context of work and reviews what is known about recent trends in the restructuring of organizations and what these changes in organizational context imply for work and work relationships. Chapter 4 synthesizes recent research on changes in the actual content and structure of blue-collar, service, managerial, professional, and technical work. These chapters constitute our analysis of what is known and unknown about the ways in which work seems to be changing.
Chapter 5 introduces the topic of occupational analysis and explores what the findings of the preceding chapters imply for current and future systems of occupational analysis and classification. Chapter 6 recapitulates our analysis of the civilian sector for the special case of the Army. Chapter 7 details the committee's central conclusions and implications for policy and research.
The detailed discussion in the chapters is guided by four themes, three of which concern increasing heterogeneity. First, the workforce is becoming more diverse with respect to gender, race, education, and other demographic characteristics. The most visible of these demographic changes over the past 20 years has been the increasing participation and expanding role of women in both the civilian and the military workforces. The increasing presence of women in the workforce means that there are more families in which both spouses work and more single parents in the workforce. As a result, the needs of workers and their families are changing in ways that make work and family decisions highly interdependent. We currently do not have very good data on what the increasing presence of women means for the nature of work in most occupations.
Second, the boundaries between lines of work are becoming more fluid. Traditional distinctions associated with vertical (hierarchical) divisions of labor, such as manager-worker and exempt-nonexempt, no longer seem useful as they once were for distinguishing between lines of work. Horizontal divisions of labor (the allocation of distinct duties to specific positions or jobs) |
Hi fellow ADDers. Below is a recent interview with Dr. Gabor Mate. He has some wonderful views on how we can better address ADD ADHD Issues.
AMY GOODMAN: New figures show the number of U.S. children diagnosed with attention deficit | Hi fellow ADDers. Below is a recent interview with Dr. Gabor Mate. He has some wonderful views on how we can better address ADD ADHD Issues.
AMY GOODMAN: New figures show the number of U.S. children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder–ADHD–has grown 22% since 2003. Earlier this month, the Center for Disease Control reported that one in ten children now have ADHD, an increase of one million since 2003. The spike in diagnoses of ADHD and other mental disorders has fueled an unprecedented reliance on pharmaceutical medications to treat children, with long-term effects that remain unknown. The conventional response has also emphasized coercive methods with parents and schools encouraged to focus on regulating children’s behavior.
Well, the Canadian physician and bestselling author Dr. Gabor Maté argues that these responses are treating surface symptoms as causes while ignoring deeper roots. Whether it’s in mental disorders like ADHD or in rampant instances of bullying Dr. Maté says, “Children are, in fact, reacting to the broader collapse of the nurturing conditions needed for their healthy development.” Instead of focusing on regulating children’s behavior, Dr. Mate argues that we should be look at how those nurturing conditions can be improved. Dr. Gabor Maté the author of four books including Scattered: How Attention Deficit Disorder Originates and What You Can Do About It and, with Dr. Gordon Neufeld, Hold On To Your Kids: Why Parents Need To Matter More Than Peers. Earlier this year, he appeared on Democracy Now! to discuss his work on drug addiction, as well as on the mind-body connection, the role of emotions and stresses in the development of chronic illnesses. Dr. Maté recently returned to our studio to talk about ADHD, parenting, bullying, the education system, and how a litany of stresses on the family environment is impacting American children.
DR. GABOR MATÈ : In the United States right now there are three million children receiving stimulant drugs for ADHD.
AMY GOODMAN: And ADHD means?
DR. GABOR MATÈ : Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. There are about half a million kids in this country receiving heavy duty anti-psychotic medications. Medications such as those are usually given to adult schizophrenics to regulate their hallucinations. But in this case, children are getting it to control their behavior. So what we have is a massive social experiment of the chemical control of kids’ behavior with no idea of the long-term consequences of these heavy duty anti-psychotics on kids.
I know that Canadians statistics just last week showed that within last five years, 43% increase in the rate of dispensing stimulant prescriptions for ADD or ADHD, and most are going to boys. In other words, what we are seeing is an unprecedented burgeoning of the diagnosis. I should say, really I’m talking about- more broadly speaking- what I would call the destruction of American childhood, because ADD is the template, or just an example of what’s going on. In fact, according to a recent study published in the States, nearly half of American adolescents now meet some criteria for mental-health disorders. So we’re talking about a massive impact on our children of something in our culture not been recognized.
AMY GOODMAN: Explain exactly what attention deficit disorder is, and what attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is.
DR. GABOR MATÈ: Specifically ADD is a compound of three categories called, um, a set of symptoms. One has to do with poor impulse control. So, these children have difficulty controlling their impulses. When their brains tells them to do something, from the lower brain centers, there is nothing up here in the cortex- which is where the executive functions are, which is where the functions are that are supposed to tell us what to do and what not to do. Those circuits just don’t work. So there is poor impulse control- they act out, they behave aggressively, they speak out of turn, they say the wrong thing. Adults with ADD with shop compulsively – or impulsively, I should say. And again, behave in an impulsive fashion. So: poor impulse control.
But again, please notice that the impulse control problem is general amongst kids these days. In other words, it’s not just the kids diagnosed with ADD, but a lot of kids. And there are a whole lot of new diagnoses now. And children are being diagnosed with a lot of things- ADD is just one example. There is a new diagnosed called Oppositional Defiant Disorder which again has to do with behaviors and poor impulse control. So that impulse control has become a problem now amongst children in general, not just the specifically diagnosed with ADD. The second criteria for ADD is physical hyperactivity. So the part of the brain, again, that is supposed to regulate physical activity and keep you still just, again, does not work. And then finally, the third criteria is poor attention skills |
An important Mexican tribe of Zapotecan linguistic stock, occupying the mountain region of north-east Oaxaca, chiefly in the districts of Cuicatlan and Teotitlan, and estimated to number from 18,000 to 20 | An important Mexican tribe of Zapotecan linguistic stock, occupying the mountain region of north-east Oaxaca, chiefly in the districts of Cuicatlan and Teotitlan, and estimated to number from 18,000 to 20,000 souls. Their chief town, Huantla, with its dependent villages, has a population of about 7,000. Their popular name "Mazateca" is that given them by the Aztec, and is said to mean "Lords of the Deer "; they call themselves Ä-ä, with nasal pronunciation (Bauer). Although closely related to their neighbours, the formerly highly cultured Zapotec and Mixtec, the Mazatec were of ruder habit, as became a race of mountaineers. Like the Zapotec also they maintained their independence against the powerful Aztec empire, with which they maintained almost constant defensive war. The principal portion of the present state of Oaxaca was brought under Spanish dominion by Cortés in 1521. In 1535 it was established as a diocese, with Father Juan Lopez de Barate, of the Dominicans, as its first bishop, through whose influence the conversion of the natives was entrusted to missionaries of that order, by whom it was successfully accomplished despite the extreme devotion of the Indians to their sacred rites, even to secreting their sacred images beneath the very altar that they might unsuspected do reverence to the one while appearing the venerate the other. In 1575 the Jesuits reinforced the Dominicans. Even today, while outwardly conforming to the rules of the church and manifesting the greatest deference and affection toward the resident priests, the Mazatec retain most of their ancient beliefs and many of their ceremonies. By tolerance of the Mexican Government they maintained their tribal autonomy under their hereditary chiefs up to 1857, as also a professional keeper of their sacred traditions, the last of whom, a descendant of their ancient kings, died in 1869.
Their native cult, still kept to a large extent in combination with the newer rites, was an animal worship, the snake, panther, alligator, and eagle being most venerated. The soul after death went to the "kingdom of the animals", where for a long time it w andered about being assisted or attacked by the animals, according as the dead person had been kind or cruel to them in life. At one point in the journey the soul was assisted across a wide stream by a black dog. It seems to have been held that the soul was finally reincarnated as an animal. Hence in many villages black dogs are still kept in almost every family and buried in the grave with the owner. The ancient sowing and harvest rites are still kept up, with invocation of the animal gods and spirits of the mountain, and burial of curious sacred bundles in the fields. Marriages and baptisms are solemnized in regular church form by the priest, but the baptism is followed later by a house festival, of which a principal feature is the washing of the godfather's hands in order to cleanse him from the sin which has come to upon him from holding the infant in his arms during the baptism. The occupations of the Mazatec are farming and the simple trades. The women are expert weavers of cotton. The houses are light huts daubed with clay and thatched with palm leaves. Men and women are fully dressed, woman being picturesque in shawls and gowns of their own weaving, decorated with ribbons and worked with human and animal figures, particularly that of the eagle. They have still their own calendar of thirteen months, with days bearing animal names. The second volume of Pimentel's "Cuadro" contains a sketch of the language. See also ZAPOTEC.
The Catholic Encyclopedia is the most comprehensive resource on Catholic teaching, history, and information ever gathered in all of human history. This easy-to-search online version was originally printed in fifteen hardcopy volumes.
Designed to present its readers with the full body of Catholic teaching, the Encyclopedia contains not only precise statements of what the Church has defined, but also an impartial record of different views of acknowledged authority on all disputed questions, national, political or factional. In the determination of the truth the most recent and acknowledged scientific methods are employed, and the results of the latest research in theology, philosophy, history, apologetics, archaeology, and other sciences are given careful consideration.
No one who is interested in human history, past and present, can ignore the Catholic Church, either as an institution which has been the central |
WHAT IS ANKLE ARTHROSCOPIC SURGERY?
Ankle arthroscopic surgery is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to treat conditions that affect the ankle joints. While each ankle arthroscopic surgery varies, the procedure | WHAT IS ANKLE ARTHROSCOPIC SURGERY?
Ankle arthroscopic surgery is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to treat conditions that affect the ankle joints. While each ankle arthroscopic surgery varies, the procedure generally involves creating a few small incisions, of approximately one centimeter in width, to access the ankle joint. An arthroscope, a small tube with a camera and light for viewing is inserted into one of the incisions, and small instruments to perform the operation are inserted through the other incisions.
BENEFITS OF ANKLE ARTHROSCOPIC SURGERY
Ankle arthroscopic surgeries have become more common as the indications for such surgery have increased. Compared to traditional open surgical procedures, arthroscopic surgery is much less invasive, using smaller incisions and resulting in minimal soft tissue disruption and trauma. Arthroscopic surgical procedures of the ankle are generally associated with:
- Faster healing
- Significantly lower pain levels
- Lower infection rates
- Earlier return to sports and activities of daily living
- Little scarring
WHEN ANKLE ARTHROSCOPIC SURGERY IS USED
Ankle arthroscopic surgery may not be a suitable treatment for all ankle conditions. In some cases, open ankle surgery is the best or only alternative to treat problems in the ankle. Ankle arthroscopy is typically useful in treating:
- Inflammation in the ankle
- Cartilage damage, such as tears, injury or wear
- Tendon damage
- Loose bone or cartilage
- Undiagnosed ankle pain
RECOVERY FROM ANKLE ARTHROSCOPIC SURGERY
The wounds created by the incisions during surgery generally take several days to heal following ankle arthroscopic surgery. Recovery time is dependent on the extent of the surgery and the individual patient. Surgery is done on an outpatient basis; meaning patients are able to leave the hospital several hours following the surgery. Patients typically return to normal daily activity within a few days, and are back to more strenuous activities and sports within a few weeks after the procedure is performed.
POSSIBLE COMPLICATIONS FROM ANKLE ARTHROSCOPIC SURGERY
While complications from ankle arthroscopy are rare, the procedure does pose a few risks to be aware of. The largest risk is injuring other tissues and structures near the ankle joint. Since the area is rich in nerves, it is possible that the nerves could be affected during the procedure. Infection is also a risk of ankle arthroscopic surgery. Lastly, once the patient heals, it is possible that pain is not entirely relieved. |
Support for live developmental and cell biology labs using sea urchins can be found on our 300 page sister site, where you will find extensive resources for these hands-on classroom labs.
Our virtual labs and activities serve many purposes. We have designed | Support for live developmental and cell biology labs using sea urchins can be found on our 300 page sister site, where you will find extensive resources for these hands-on classroom labs.
Our virtual labs and activities serve many purposes. We have designed these open-access activities for individual, group, or classroom use. In many cases the virtual lab module will be most valuable if used in preparation for hands-on lab experience. Virtual labs may also serve as alternatives to lab experiences that may not be possible in the classroom setting because of limitations imposed due to time required for the actual lab, the expense of laboratory equipment, or safety. Our Lab Bench is designed to help students have a hands-on experience and is a part of several modules.
Our virtual microscopy labs are designed to help students gain familiarity with the microscope as a laboratory tool. We encourage use of the virtual labs not to replace hands-on use of real lab equipment, but rather to better prepare students for the microscope lab experience.
We suggest using the virtual microscope tutorial to introduce students to the basic use of the microscope. Since there is no need to worry about damaging a virtual scope, we save care and handling of the scope for a little later. This will engage students in actual use of the scope early on and they can review these critical steps when they are preparing to handle the microscope in the lab.
Suggested order of Microscopy teaching modules:
Step I- virtual Microscope Tutorial lab (partially developed)
structure & function of parts of the microscope
Step II- virtual lab Microscope Use Tutorial (under development)
finding the specimen
slide focus & light adjustment-low power
high dry (40X)power focus & light adju |
) () is an administrative district
in the state of Maharashtra
. The district headquarters are located at Beed
. The district occupies an area
of 10,693 km² and has a population
of 2,161,250 | ) () is an administrative district
in the state of Maharashtra
. The district headquarters are located at Beed
. The district occupies an area
of 10,693 km² and has a population
of 2,161,250 of which 17.91% were urban (as of 2001).
Beed district has a long history of many rulers and kingdoms. In the ancient era, this city was called as Champavati nagari
. The city still proudly shows some old monuments showing the signs of past glory in the form of many city entry doors (called Ves in local language) and city protection walls. Until the 19th century, this part of Marathwada was under the Nizam monarchy, but was later included into the Indian Republic after a fierce struggle between Indian freedom fighters and Nizam soldiers. THE name of Bhir is given by Mohammad Tughlaq.And Gujjar
is the main business in Beed, and it is largely dependent on monsoon
rain. Beed also is a dist |
When it comes to mental illnesses such as anxiety and depression, diagnosis is not at all an exact science. A patient tells a doctor or psychiatrist their physical and emotional symptoms, and then the doctor uses his or her judgment to make a diagnosis.
Some | When it comes to mental illnesses such as anxiety and depression, diagnosis is not at all an exact science. A patient tells a doctor or psychiatrist their physical and emotional symptoms, and then the doctor uses his or her judgment to make a diagnosis.
Some patients may end up getting diagnosed for an illness that they don't necessarily have, and on the other hand, people who have certain illnesses may not even know it. This kind of diagnosis also makes it hard to determine the severity of the condition.
Well now scientists have discovered 10 genes in the blood that can predict a person's mood, which could help determine if a person has bipolar disorder. This blood test could hit the market in less than five years. It would be a huge breakthrough in the world of psychiatry. Not only could this blood test help to determine whether or not a patient has a mental illness, but it could also help ensure that the patient is getting the right medication to treat it.
This test could also bring up some controversy though. Could a blood test that diagnoses mental illness be mandatory to screen people before they buy guns, enroll in the military, or start a new job? What's your opinion on a blood test for mental illness? Do you think it's a brilliant idea, or could it pose more problems instead? |
Silver solders or brazing alloys and their use.
Peter G. Johns. (2006) Silver solders or brazing alloys and their use. UK Patent No. GB2408269 - granted 22/2/2006..
| Silver solders or brazing alloys and their use.
Peter G. Johns. (2006) Silver solders or brazing alloys and their use. UK Patent No. GB2408269 - granted 22/2/2006..
Full text is not in this repository.
Official URL: http://www.argentiumsilver.info
The UK has hallmarking laws that govern the minimum amount of silver that must be present in solders for joining sterling silver. The minimum quantity is set at 65% silver. Many other countries allow solders with lower silver content of 55%. Higher silver solders usually have higher melting and working temperatures, which require |
Europe's satellite mission to measure the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets, the Earth observation satellite CryoSat-2, was launched at 15:57 CET on a Russian Dnepr launcher from Baikonur in Kazakhstan. The satellite is now | Europe's satellite mission to measure the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets, the Earth observation satellite CryoSat-2, was launched at 15:57 CET on a Russian Dnepr launcher from Baikonur in Kazakhstan. The satellite is now in orbit 717 kilometres above Earth. The mission will survey the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets and sea ice until 2013. Researchers expect to gain a new understanding of the relationships between global warming, the shrinking of the polar ice sheets and changes oceanic and atmospheric circulation from the mission. DLR is contributing towards the funding of the mission on behalf of the German Federal Government. Germany contributes 24 percent of the total funding for the European Space Agency's (ESA) Living Planet programme, of which the CryoSat-2 mission is |
A blizzard buries the northeastern U.S., and the American alligator becomes endangered.
Mon, Mar 11, 2013 at 7:00 AM
March 11, 1888:
A massive blizzard
set its | A blizzard buries the northeastern U.S., and the American alligator becomes endangered.
Mon, Mar 11, 2013 at 7:00 AM
March 11, 1888:
A massive blizzard
set its sights on the northeastern U.S., paralyzing New York City and dropping more than two feet of snow on much of New England.
March 11, 1967:
After years of overhunting and damage from habitat destruction, the American alligator
(at right) is declared an endangered species. The gator makes a strong recovery and is de-listed in 1987.
March 11, 2011: One of the strongest earthquakes in history strikes offshore of Japan's largest island, Honshu. The quake causes massive damage along the coastline – somewhat lessened by Japan's superb preparations and building codes. But no amount of planning could halt tsunami waves of thirty feet or more, which claim thousands of lives, obliterate coastal towns, and cause one of the world's biggest nuclear crises at the swamped Fukushima Dai-Ichii plant north of Tokyo.
The opinions expressed by MNN Bloggers and those providing comments are theirs alone, and do not reflect the opinions of MNN.com. While we have reviewed their content to make sure it complies with our Terms and Conditions, MNN is not responsible for the accuracy of any of their information. |
from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License
- n. A fisher, North American marten that has thick brown fur; Martes pennanti.
- n. A cat with black fur.
- v. To | from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License
- n. A fisher, North American marten that has thick brown fur; Martes pennanti.
- n. A cat with black fur.
- v. To do in some respect better than another.
from the GNU version of the Collaborative International Dictionary of English
- adj. the fisher, a quadruped of North America allied to the sable, but larger. See Fisher.
- n. the fisher. See under Black.
from The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- n. A name of the fisher, pekan, or Pennant's marten, Mustela pennanti, a large blackish marten peculiar to the northerly parts of North America. Also called black-fox. See cut under fisher.
from WordNet 3.0 Copyright 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
- n. large dark brown North American arboreal carnivorous mammal
Sorry, no etymologies found.
What caused Qwilleran to step on the brake was the sight of her entourage: a black cat on her lap, a calico curled at her feet, and a tiger stretched on the top step.
Episcopalians, and Swedenborgians as well) regard it as unlucky to meet a black cat and lucky to find a pin?
   "She is simply jealous because we're all smarter than he is," the white cat informed Morwen with a look at the black cat on Archaniz's shoulder.
   "Mrow!" said the black cat in a complaining tone.
Hayden stood aside as Miss Dimwinkle came limping out of the house, a squirming black cat held at arm’s length.
   Morwen gave the black cat a speculative look.
The black cat streaked out into the front yard, made a hairpin turn, and leapt for the porch, where he clawed his way up Archaniz's skirts to a perch on her shoulder. |
Historical Analysis and Introduction
In order to make an essay about the human right of freedom of expression, we need to make an historical analysis about this human right. It is established in the 19 article of the Declaration of Human Rights (194 | Historical Analysis and Introduction
In order to make an essay about the human right of freedom of expression, we need to make an historical analysis about this human right. It is established in the 19 article of the Declaration of Human Rights (1948), and it is recognized in most democratic constitutions in the world. In fact, every democratic government in the world has this right in its constitution and even more developed in its legislation. If people want to actively participate in debates and decision made by politicians and senators, they need to be able to express freely their thoughts without any kind of limitations. This is one of the bases of democracy, in which the governments are elected to seek for the people’s interests. People would not be able to elect the best candidate from a political party if they are not able to hear the politicians’ points of view about economy, finances, taxes, laws, and social issues. That’s why freedom of expression is not only important for individuals, but also to the whole political system, in which people need to actively participate with new ideas and opinions. Looking back to history, freedom of expression has taken an important role in obtaining of certain prerogatives for people. If there was no freedom of expression the religion wouldn`t have been able to expand their philosophy in the world. By putting an example, the Bible is the best seller book ever, and the prophets wrote their thoughts about God and life without any type of restriction, so that millions of other people in the world could read and understand God`s message. Also scientist use freedom of speech in order to tell the world about their inventions and discovering. By putting another example, it was Copernico who said the Earth was not the center of the Universe, and instead it rotates around the sun. Also the famous Christopher Columbus thought that the world was not... [continues]
Cite This Essay
(2011, 09). Freedom of Speech. StudyMode.com. Retrieved 09, 2011, from http://www.studymode.com/essays/Freedom-Of-Speech-782167.html
"Freedom of Speech" StudyMode.com. 09 2011. 2011. 09 2011 <http://www.studymode.com/essays/Freedom-Of-Speech-782167.html>.
- MLA 7
"Freedom of Speech." StudyMode.com. StudyMode.com, 09 2011. Web. 09 2011. <http://www.studymode.com/essays/Freedom-Of-Speech-782167.html>.
"Freedom of Speech." StudyMode.com. 09, 2011. Accessed 09, 2011. http://www.studymode.com/essays/Freedom-Of-Speech-782167.html. |
Northampton County, Virginia
From Ancestry.com Wiki
|This article is a stub. Help us to expand it by contributing your knowledge. For county page guidelines, visit U.S. County Page Content Suggestions.|
Northampton is a | Northampton County, Virginia
From Ancestry.com Wiki
|This article is a stub. Help us to expand it by contributing your knowledge. For county page guidelines, visit U.S. County Page Content Suggestions.|
Northampton is a county in Virginia. It was formed in 1642/3 from the following county/ies: Accawmack. Northampton began keeping birth records in 1853, marriage records in 1706, and death records in 1853. It began keeping land records in 1632, probate records in 1632, and court records in 1632. For more information, contact the county at P.O. Box 66 Heathsville 22473-0066. On the attached map, Northampton is located at K6. Includes records of Accawmack.
For information about the state of Virginia see Virginia Family History Research. |
Definitions for dependencedɪˈpɛn dəns
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word dependence
Random House Webster's College Dictionary
the state of relying on or needing someone or something for aid, | Definitions for dependencedɪˈpɛn dəns
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word dependence
Random House Webster's College Dictionary
the state of relying on or needing someone or something for aid, support, or the like.
the state of being conditional or contingent on something:
the dependence of an effect upon a cause.
the state of being psychologically or physiologically dependent on a drug or alcohol.
subordination or subjection.
Origin of dependence:
1400–50; < OF
dependence, dependance, dependency(noun)
the state of relying on or being controlled by someone or something else
addiction, dependence, dependance, dependency, habituation(noun)
being abnormally tolerant to and dependent on something that is psychologically or physically habit-forming (especially alcohol or narcotic drugs)
Kernerman English Learner's Dictionary
the country's dependence on oil; her dependence on her family
sb's uncontrollable need for a drug
the patient's dependence on pain killers; drug/alcohol dependence
The state of being dependent, of relying upon another.
He had a deep dependence on her for guidance.
An irresistible physical or psychological need, especially for a chemical substance.
Her dependence on cocaine led to her ruin.
the act or state of depending; state of being dependent; a hanging down or from; suspension from a support
the state of being influenced and determined by something; subjection (as of an effect to its cause)
mutu/// /onnection and support; concatenation; systematic ///er relation
subjection to the direction or disposal of another; inability to help or provide for one's self
a resting with confidence; reliance; trust
that on which one depends or relies; as, he was her sole dependence
that which depends; anything dependent or suspended; anything attached a subordinate to, or contingent on, something else
a matter depending, or in suspense, and still to be determined; ground of controversy or quarrel
Find a translation for the dependence definition in other languages:
Select another language: |
G.R.C. for third grade students will be cancelled for the next two weeks. During this time, I will be pulling second grade students to complete activities with me in my classroom. This is an annual process that I reminded the students of last | G.R.C. for third grade students will be cancelled for the next two weeks. During this time, I will be pulling second grade students to complete activities with me in my classroom. This is an annual process that I reminded the students of last week. G.R.C. classes will resume the week of 1/31. I will miss seeing my explorers during th |
Colonial Williamsburg's master gunsmith, George Suiter, left,… (Sangjib Min/Daily Press…)
The art of casting bronze hasn't changed much in several centuries.
And for the past several years, a handful of | Colonial Williamsburg's master gunsmith, George Suiter, left,… (Sangjib Min/Daily Press…)
The art of casting bronze hasn't changed much in several centuries.
And for the past several years, a handful of workers at Newport News Shipbuilding's foundry got to see that first hand when they were recruited to help Colonial Williamsburg build a cannon.
Foundry workers at the historical site who build smaller items like guns, knives and swords decided about four years ago to construct a cannon capable of firing a three-pound ball as it would have been done in the 18th century.
As George Suiter, master of the gun shop, tells it, the organization's wheelwright was interested in building a carriage for a three-pounder, and as a joke he said, "Why don't you just have (the foundry) cast the cannon for you."
"We had never cast anything that big here, but they started looking into casting and got some funding for it, and cast a small mortar as a test piece," he said.
Brick masons at Colonial Williamsburg made a custom furnace in a parking lot outside of the historic area, metalworkers prepared the clay-sand mixture for the mold and the organization took its first shot at a cannon over the summer of 2011.
The June pour went awry when it was interrupted by weather.
"Everything was going fine and then the sky opened up and began to pour the rain," Suiter said. "That one didn't work out, and we had to take the furnace apart to pick the bronze out."
"(The bronze) froze in the furnace, and we had to tear it apart to get to it, and that's when the shipyard got involved," he said.
The scale of the pour had created an unexpected challenge, because Colonial Williamsburg didn't have the tools to quickly cut the 600-pound piece of bronze up again so it could be melted for a future pour.
"It would have taken them months," said Stephen Williams, foundry metallurgist at Newport News Shipbuilding, a business unit of Huntington Ingalls Industries.
Williams and a few other shipyard workers offered to cut up the bronze, then stayed involved with the cannon project.
A second pour this spring went better, but it wasn't perfect.
Partway through filling the mold with molten bronze, the furnace cracked.
"We lost half the metal," Suiter said, but the half of a cannon that did form looked pretty good.
Shipyard workers provided Colonial Williamsburg with refractory mud to seal the crack, as well as 300 pounds of bronze for the next attempt, which was set for Oct. 25.
Getting a wood-fired furnace up to the 2,000 degrees necessary to melt bronze, however, can't be done overnight – or even over a few nights.
Heating the old-style furnace requires round-the-clock staffing – with workers periodically checking the temperature and adding logs to the fire.
"We started firing the furnace, gently at first, on Monday, Oct. 21, and we kept it burning, gradually increasing the heat, until after midnight on the 25th," said Suiter. "By about 3:30 (p.m.) we had molten bronze."
The evidence of the successful pour sits outside Colonial Williamsburg's reconstructed Public Armoury.
The solid cylindrical piece of bronze is inconspicuous. It's |
Torry's Topics Reference > Time > Eras from which, computed: The exodus from Egypt.
Exodus 19:1 - In the third month, when the children of Israel were gone forth out of the land of Egypt, the | Torry's Topics Reference > Time > Eras from which, computed: The exodus from Egypt.
Exodus 19:1 - In the third month, when the children of Israel were gone forth out of the land of Egypt, the same day came they into the wilderness of Sinai.
Exodus 40:17 - And it came to pass in the first month in the second year, on the first day of the month, that the tabernacle was reared up.
Numbers 9:1 - And the Lord spake unto Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, in the first month of the second year after they were come out of the land of Egypt, saying,
Numbers 33:38 - And Aaron the priest went up into mount Hor at the commandment of the Lord, and died there, in the fortieth year after the children of Israel were come out of the land of Egypt, in the first day of the fifth month.
1 Kings 6:1 - And it came to pass in the four hundred and eightieth year after the children of Israel were come out of the land of Egypt, in the fourth year of Solomon`s reign over Israel, in the month Zif, which is the second month, that he began to build the house of the LORD.
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More than 3,000 delegates representing 183 countries are attending a U.N. climate change conference in Bonn, Germany.
Christiana Figueres, executive secretary of the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change, said it was time | More than 3,000 delegates representing 183 countries are attending a U.N. climate change conference in Bonn, Germany.
Christiana Figueres, executive secretary of the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change, said it was time to put words into action regarding climate change and a green energy future.
"The clean and renewable energy revolution has already begun," she said in a statement. "The challenge is to complete it in time."
World leaders at last year's climate conference in Cancun, Mexico, agreed to measures meant to limit the rate at which global temperatures increase.
"Now, more than ever, it is critical that all efforts are mobilized toward living up to this commitment," she said.
The International Energy Agency last week said global carbon emissions were moving closer t |
Better Students Ask More Questions.
Analyse the character of macbeth?
1 Answer | add yours
High School Teacher
Consider the first two times we see/hear of Macbeth. In the first instance, we learn that he is a great | Better Students Ask More Questions.
Analyse the character of macbeth?
1 Answer | add yours
High School Teacher
Consider the first two times we see/hear of Macbeth. In the first instance, we learn that he is a great warrior. Initially we assume that he is brave and bold and an intelligent, strong being. Second, we see him with the three witches. This skews our view of him. Suddenly he is somehow superstitious and potentially up to no good. He tends to doubt himself, he long for power and fame, and yet he is brave. Macbeth cannot find an even field for all three of these qualities. Instead, throughout the whole play they fight for control of him and leave us with a somewhat evil man. However, he never doubts himself to the extreme that he considers taking his own life. He understands and worries that what he has done is wrong, but is man enough to know that he has to own up to his actions. His ambition leaves him wondering how to twist his actions his way (in reference to killing Duncan) and he dies in a battle.
Posted by a0542959 on August 24, 2013 at 1:14 PM (Answer #1)
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Science Trivia: the Fake Sun
Ask your child, "Is the sun you're seeing in the sky the real sun?" Your kid will say, "Of course!" The actual answer is no! The light from the sun takes eight minutes | Science Trivia: the Fake Sun
Ask your child, "Is the sun you're seeing in the sky the real sun?" Your kid will say, "Of course!" The actual answer is no! The light from the sun takes eight minutes to reach the Earth, so technically, the sun we see in the sky is not the actual sun in real time. We're getting a pic |
Editor's note: The following article was published by Michigan State University Extension and is part one of a series related to the milk-to-feed ratio.
Every month the USDA’s National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) publishes a report called Agricultural Prices. | Editor's note: The following article was published by Michigan State University Extension and is part one of a series related to the milk-to-feed ratio.
Every month the USDA’s National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) publishes a report called Agricultural Prices. This valuable publication contains a wealth of economic data about all aspects of agriculture. One bit of data of particular interest to the dairy industry is the milk-to-feed ratio. The milk-to-feed ratio is a proxy measure for dairy profitability. It is promoted as representing how profitable, or unprofitable, it is for dairy producers to produce milk given current milk and feed prices. This ratio often receives a lot of attention in popular agricultural publications and websites.
To properly evaluate the milk-to-feed ratio one must first understand what data goes into it and how it is calculated. First, the milk-to-feed ratio requires knowledge of four numbers, the: 1) all-milk price ($/cwt), 2) corn price ($/bu), 3) soybean price ($/bu) and alfalfa hay price ($/ton). These prices are collected by the USDA’s Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) and represent national averages.
Second, the milk-to-feed ratio is calculated as the ratio of the all-milk price in relation to a hypothetical 100 pounds of 16 percent protein-mixed dairy feed composed of a mixture of these three feeds (i.e., corn, soybeans and alfalfa hay). The 16 percent protein-mixed dairy feed consists of 51 pounds of corn, 8 pounds of soybeans and 41 pounds of alfalfa hay. Here is how the milk-to-feed ratio is calculated.
Step #1: Use the corn, soybean and alfalfa hay prices to calculate the price of the 16 percent protein-mixed dairy feed.
16 percent protein-mixed dairy feed value = (51/56 X Cornprice) + (8/60 X Soybeanprice) +(41/2000 X Alfalfa Hayprice)
For example: let’s use the actual commodity prices reported by the USDA in calculating the August 2012 milk-to-feed ratio: corn price, $7.35/bu; soybean price, $16.30/bu and the alfalfa hay price, $205/ton.
16 percent protein-mixed dairy feed value = (51/56 X $7.35) + (8/60 X $16.30) + (41/2000 X $205)
16 percent protein-mixed dairy feed value = $6.69 + $2.17 +$4.20
16 percent protein-mixed dairy feed value = $13.07 (per cwt of feed)
It is important to remember that the 16 percent protein-mixed dairy feed value is expressed in terms of 100 pounds of feed and not per 100 pounds of milk produced.
Step #2: Use the 16 percent protein-mixed dairy feed value and the all-milk price to calculate the milk-to-feed ratio. The August 2012 all-milk price was $19.10/cwt, therefore, the milk-to-feed ratio becomes: |
The latest results from that National Assessment of Educational Progress, released last week, show progress in how the country is educating its kids, at least the younger ones. Both nine- and 13-year-olds scored higher, in some cases much higher, | The latest results from that National Assessment of Educational Progress, released last week, show progress in how the country is educating its kids, at least the younger ones. Both nine- and 13-year-olds scored higher, in some cases much higher, in reading and mathematics last year than students their age in the early 1970s. In math, for example, nine-year-olds scored 25 points higher than nine-year-olds in 1973. In reading, 13-year-olds scored eight points higher than 13-year-olds in 1971.
The achievement gaps between girls and boys, and between white students and students of color, also narrowed. Although girls scored higher than boys in reading in all age groups, boys made larger score gains. The same thing happened to Hispanic and black students, who made larger gains that white students in both reading and math.
That must mean educators are doing something right, right? Most definitely. The report shows that the country's education system generally is on the right track. Whether it's going fast enough is a matter of debate. The same difficult problems remain—what to do with the disadvantaged students who still lag behind and how to teach advanced reading—but that shouldn't detract from the gains that have been made in the earlier grades.
Former West Virginia Gov. Bob Wise agrees, but he thinks high schools are the weakest point in the system. They have not made significant gains since the 1970s, when the NAEP tests began. "These results show that most of the nation's 17-year-olds are career ready, but only if you're talking about jobs from the 1970s," he said. "Today's results are the nation's education electrocardiogram and show positive results for the early grades and increased performance by students of color, but the nation's high school students are in desperate need of serious attention." (Wise is now president of the Alliance for Excellent Education.)
What changes in education have allowed younger children to make such significant gains over the last 40 years? Why haven't they translated into the higher grades? Is the narrowed racial and gender achievement gap something to cheer about? Or is it too incremental? How have the demographic shifts over the last several decades changed the dynamics of student achievement measurements? What would move the dial for high school students? |
The Treatment Plant Process (continued):
Image numbers are in parenthesis.
This is the final process before disinfection. The three secondary clarifiers (13) slow the stream again and remove any sloughings or larva that has come from the secondary | The Treatment Plant Process (continued):
Image numbers are in parenthesis.
This is the final process before disinfection. The three secondary clarifiers (13) slow the stream again and remove any sloughings or larva that has come from the secondary trickling filters. The secondary sludge is then pumped (14) to the digester.
The sludge which was removed during the primary and secondary processes is pumped to the anaerobic digesters (15). The digesters are heated and mixed using boilers (16) and external mixing pumps. The methane gas produced by the decomposing of the sludge is used for fuel for the boilers and the excess methane is burned off at the flare (17).
15. 16. 17.
With a detention time of 20 to 30 days the digested sludge is the |
Synthroid is a synthetic version of a hormone usually produced by the thyroid gland. The active ingredient in Synthroid is levothyroxine sodium which is formulated as oral tablets.
Synthroid is available by prescription only. Synth | Synthroid is a synthetic version of a hormone usually produced by the thyroid gland. The active ingredient in Synthroid is levothyroxine sodium which is formulated as oral tablets.
Synthroid is available by prescription only. Synthroid is used to regulate the body’s metabolism when the thyroid gland is dysfunctional. Synthroid is also used to prevent goiters (enlarged thyroid gland) which can occur as a result of hormone imbalance, surgery, cancer, or radiation treatment.
Doctors prescribe Synthroid for other medical conditions.
Synthroid should be taken as prescribed by a doctor. Synthroid does not have to be taken with food. Never increase or decrease the dose without consulting a doctor. Synthroid should be taken in the morning with a full glass of water to prevent the tablet from dissolving and swelling in the throat.
Do not suddenly stop taking Synthroid even if you are |
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