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ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul sama yang dibuat oleh Dr. Drs. Rohidin, S.H., M.Ag. dari PSHI Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Indonesia dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Jumat, 10 Juli 2020.Artikel ini dibuat berdasarkan KUHP lama dan UU 1/2023 tentang KUHP yang diundangkan pada tanggal 2 Januari 2023.Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.Aborsi Menurut Hukum Positif IndonesiaSebelum menjawab inti pertanyaan Anda, sebaiknya kita pahami terlebih dahulu apa yang dimaksud dengan aborsi. Aborsi atau yang lebih dikenal dalam istilah hukumnya dengan Abortus Provocatus yang ditulis dalam bahasa latin memiliki arti dan makna pengguguran kandungan secara sengaja atau niat diri sendiri maupun orang lain.[1] Aborsi juga dapat diartikan sebagai kondisi dimana keluarnya hasil kehamilan yaitu bayi dari kandungan sang ibu sebelum waktu yang seharusnya dalam kondisi meninggal dunia.[2]Hukum aborsi di Indonesia dilihat dari sudut pandang KUHP adalah tindak pidana yang dilarang dan dapat dikenakan sanksi pidana bagi siapapun yang melakukan aborsi.[3] Namun, UU Kesehatan memberikan ruang dan celah untuk dilakukannya aborsi dengan kondisi tertentu[4] yang akan kami jelaskan sebagai berikut.Aborsi diatur dalam Pasal 75, Pasal 76, Pasal 77, dan Pasal 194 UU Kesehatan. Pada dasarnya, setiap orang dilarang melakukan aborsi.[5] Namun, Pasal 75 ayat (2) UU Kesehatan memberikan dua alasan untuk dapat dilakukannya aborsi, yaitu:indikasi kedaruratan medis yang dideteksi sejak usia dini kehamilan, baik yang mengancam nyawa ibu dan/atau janin, yang menderita penyakit genetik berat dan/atau cacat bawaan, maupun yang tidak dapat diperbaiki sehingga menyulitkan bayi tersebut hidup di luar kandungan;kehamilan akibat perkosaan yang dapat menyebabkan trauma psikologis bagi korban perkosaan.Kemudian, tindakan aborsi hanya dapat dilakukan setelah melalui konseling dan/atau penasehatan pra tindakan dan diakhiri dengan konseling pasca tindakan yang dilakukan oleh konselor yang kompeten dan berwenang.[6]Pasal 76 UU Kesehatan juga menegaskan bahwa aborsi hanya dapat dilakukan:sebelum kehamilan berumur 6 (enam) minggu dihitung dari hari pertama haid terakhir, kecuali dalam hal kedaruratan medis;oleh tenaga kesehatan yang memiliki keterampilan dan kewenangan yang memiliki sertifikat yang ditetapkan oleh menteri yang lingkup tugas dan tanggung jawabnya di bidang kesehatan;dengan persetujuan ibu hamil yang bersangkutan;dengan izin suami, kecuali korban perkosaan; danpenyedia layanan kesehatan yang memenuhi syarat yang ditetapkan oleh menteri yang lingkup tugas dan tanggung jawabnya di bidang kesehatan.Lalu, berdasarkan Pasal 194 UU Kesehatan, orang yang sengaja melakukan aborsi yang tidak sesuai dengan ketentuan hukum dapat dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 10 (sepuluh) tahun dan denda paling banyak Rp1.000.000.000,00 (satu miliar rupiah). Selain UU Kesehatan, ketentuan mengenai aborsi juga diatur dalam KUHP lama yang masih berlaku pada saat artikel ini diterbitkan dan UU 1/2023 yang mulai berlaku 3 tahun terhitung sejak tanggal diundangkan,[7] yakni pada tahun 2026, dapat dilihat pada pasal:KUHPUU 1/2023Pasal 346Seorang wanita yang sengaja menggugurkan atau mematikan kandungannya atau menyuruh orang lain untuk itu, diancam dengan pidana penjara paling lama 4 (empat) tahun.Pasal 463Setiap perempuan yang melakukan aborsi, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 4 (empat) tahun.Ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) tidak berlaku dalam hal perempuan merupakan korban tindak pidana perkosaan atau tindak pidana kekerasan seksual lain yang menyebabkan kehamilan yang umur kehamilannya tidak melebihi 14 (empat belas) minggu atau memiliki indikasi kedaruratan medis.Pasal 347Barang siapa dengan sengaja menggugurkan atau mematikan kandungan seorang wanita tanpa persetujuannya, diancam dengan pidana penjara paling lama dua belas tahun.Jika perbuatan itu mengakibatkan matinya wanita tersebut, diancam dengan pidana penjara paling lama lima belas tahun.Pasal 464Setiap Orang yang melakukan aborsi terhadap seorang perempuan:dengan persetujuan perempuan tersebut, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 5 (lima) tahun; atautanpa persetujuan perempuan tersebut, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 12 (dua belas) tahun.Jika perbuatan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) huruf a mengakibatkan matinya perempuan tersebut, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 8 (delapan) tahun.Jika perbuatan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) huruf b mengakibatkan matinya perempuan tersebut, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 15 (lima belas) tahun. perempuan yang melakukan aborsi, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 4 (empat) tahun.Pasal 348Barang siapa dengan sengaja menggugurkan atau mematikan kandungan seorang wanita dengan persetujuannya, diancam dengan pidana penjara paling lama 5 (lima) tahun 6 (enam) bulan.Jika perbuatan itu mengakibatkan matinya wanita tersebut, diancam dengan pidana penjara paling lama 7 (tujuh) tahun.Pasal 349Jika seorang dokter, bidan atau juru obat membantu melakukan kejahatan berdasarkan pasal 346, ataupunmelakukan atau membantu melakukan salah satu kejahatan yang diterangkan dalam pasal 347 dan 348, makapidana yang ditentukan dalam pasal itu dapat ditambah dengan sepertiga dan dapat dicabut hak untuk menjalankan pencarian dalam mana kejahatan dilakukan.Pasal 465Dokter, bidan, paramedis, atau apoteker yang melakukan tindak pidana sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 464, pidananya dapat ditambah 1/3 (satu per tiga).Dokter, bidan, paramedis, atau apoteker yang melakukan tindak pidana sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dapat dijatuhi pidana tambahan berupa pencabutan hak sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 86 huruf a dan huruf f.Dokter, bidan, paramedis, atau apoteker yang melakukan aborsi karena indikasi kedaruratan medis atau terhadap korban tindak pidana perkosaan atau tindak pidana kekerasan seksual lain yang menyebabkan kehamilan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 463 ayat (2) tidak dipidana.Aborsi dalam Pandangan IslamDi berbagai literatur fikih, terdapat perbedaan pendapat mengenai boleh tidaknya seseorang melakukan aborsi atau pengguguran kandungan sebagaimana diterangkan M. Ali Hasan dalam buku Masail Fiqhiyah pada Masalah-Masalah Kontemporer Hukum Islam (hal. 44).Sementara itu, aborsi dalam bahasa Arab diartikan al-ijhad, yang merupakan bentuk masdar dari kata ajhada, yang artinya lahirnya janin karena dipaksa atau lahir dengan sendirinya sebelum tiba saatnya sebagaimana dijelaskan Mahjuddin dalam buku Masailul Fiqhiyah Berbagai Kasus yang Dihadapi Hukum Islam Masa Kini (hal. 76).Secara terminologi, mengutip Yurnalis Uddin (et.al) dalam buku Reinterpretasi Hukum Islam tentang Aborsi (hal. 131), ahli fikih memberikan definisi aborsi dengan redaksi berbeda, namun bermuara pada substansi yang sama.Ibrahim al-Nakhai mengatakan bahwa aborsi adalah pengguguran janin dari rahim ibu hamil, baik sudah berbentuk sempurna atau belum. Senada dengan al-Nakhai adalah definisi Abdullah bin Ahmad yang menyatakan bahwa aborsi adalah merusak makhluk yang ada dalam rahim perempuan.Demikian pula, menurut Abdul Qadir Audah, aborsi adalah pengguguran kandungan dan perampasan hak hidup janin atau perbuatan yang dapat memisahkan antara janin dengan ibunya. Sedangkan bagi al-Gazali, aborsi adalah pelenyapan nyawa janin atau merusak sesuatu yang sudah terkonsepsi (mawjud al-hasil).Definisi aborsi lebih detail terurai dalam tulisan Khoiruddin Nasution dalam artikel Pandangan Islam tentang Aborsi, dengan mengutip Grolier Family Encyclopedia (hal. 114):...is the termination of a pregnancy by loss or destruction of the fetus before birth. An abortion may be spontaneous or induced. The latter is an act with ethical and legal ramifications.Perbedaan tersebut dapat disimpulkan sebagaimana diterangkan Istibsjaroh dalam buku Menimbang Hukum Pornografi, Pornoaksi, dan Aborsi dalam Perspektif Islam (hal. 64 – 65) sebagai berikut:Diperbolehkan aborsi sebelum usia janin 120 hari. Pendapat ini dikemukakan oleh sebagian besar ulama Hanafiyyah dan sebagian kecil ulama Syafi’iyyah.Diperbolehkan aborsi sebelum usia janin 40 - 45 hari (tahalluk). Pendapat ini dinyatakan oleh sebagian besar fuqaha’ Syafi’iyyah, sebagian besar fuqaha Hanabilah, dan sebagian kecil fuqaha’ Hanafiyyah sebagaimana diterangkan Yurnalis Uddin (et.al) dalam buku yang sama (hal. 86).Aborsi hukumnya makruh tahrim, baik sebelum maupun sesudah 40 hari. Pendapat ini dikemukakan sebagian kecil fuqaha’ Hanafiyyah.Aborsi hukumnya haram secara mutlak. Pendapat ini dinyatakan oleh sebagian besar fuqaha’ Malikiyyah, Imam al-Gazali, Ibn al-Jawzi, dan Ibn Hazm al-Zahiri. Pelakunya dapat dikenai sanksi yang disesuaikan dengan akibat yang ditimbulkannya.Majelis Ulama Indonesia (“MUI”) pada tahun 2005 mengeluarkan Fatwa MUI 4/2005 atas pertimbangan bahwa dewasa ini semakin banyak terjadi tindakan aborsi yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat tanpa memperhatikan tuntunan agama.[8]Selain itu, aborsi juga banyak dilakukan oleh pihak-pihak yang tidak memiliki kompetensi di bidangnya, sehingga banyak masyarakat yang mempertanyakan hukumnya, apakah haram secara mutlak ataukah boleh dalam kondisi-kondisi tertentu.[9]Dengan mendasarkan pada al-Qur’an, hadis, kaidah fikih, dan pendapat para ulama klasik, maka MUI menyatakan:[10]Aborsi haram hukumnya sejak terjadinya implantasi blastosis pada dinding rahim ibu (nidasi).Aborsi dibolehkan karena adanya uzur, baik yang bersifat darurat ataupun hajat.Keadaan darurat yang berkaitan dengan kehamilan yang membolehkan aborsi adalah:Perempuan hamil menderita sakit fisik berat seperti kanker stadium lanjut, TBC dengan cavern dan penyakit-penyakit fisik berat lainnya yang harus ditetapkan oleh tim dokter.Dalam keadaan di mana kehamilan mengancam nyawa si ibu.Keadaan hajat yang berkaitan dengan kehamilan yang dapat membolehkan aborsi adalah:Janin yang dikandung dideteksi menderita cacat genetik yang kalau lahir kelak sulit disembuhkan.Kehamilan akibat pemerkosaan yang ditetapkan oleh tim yang berwenang yang di dalamnya terdapat antara lain keluarga korban, dokter dan ulama.Kebolehan aborsi sebagaimana dimaksud huruf b harus dilakukan sebelum janin berusia 40 hari.Aborsi yang dibolehkan karena uzur sebagaimana dimaksud pada angka 2 hanya boleh dilaksanakan di fasilitas kesehatan yang telah ditunjuk oleh pemerintah.Aborsi haram hukumnya dilakukan pada kehamilan yang terjadi akibat zina.Menjawab pertanyaan Anda, dilihat dari sudut pandang KUHP, maka aborsi adalah tindak pidana. Namun, UU Kesehatan memberikan ruang untuk dilakukannya aborsi dengan kondisi tertentu. Kemudian, mengenai aborsi dalam islam, berdasarkan Fatwa MUI dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada dasarnya MUI sepakat dengan ulama klasik maupun kontemporer, bahwa aborsi qabla nafkh al-ruh diharamkan, sebagaimana pendapatnya al-Gazali, bahwa aborsi qabla nafkh al-ruh dilarang sejak terjadinya implantasi blastosis pada dinding rahim ibu (nidasi). Meskipun demikian, MUI memberikan pengecualian aborsi jika ada indikasi yang bersifat darurat maupun hajat. Sementara aborsi akibat perzinaan, MUI secara mutlak mengharamkannya.Baca juga: Disuruh Aborsi oleh Calon Mertua, Ini HukumnyaDemikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat.Dasar Hukum:Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana;Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan sebagaimana diubah dengan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja yang telah ditetapkan sebagai undang-undang melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023;Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana;Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia Nomor 4 Tahun 2005 tentang Aborsi.Referensi:Bayu Anggara. Harmonisasi Pengaturan Aborsi di Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum Saraswati, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2021;Istibsjaroh. Menimbang Hukum Pornografi, Pornoaksi, dan Aborsi dalam Perspektif Islam. Surabaya: IAIN Sunan Ampel Press, 2007;Khoiruddin Nasution. Pandangan Islam tentang Aborsi. Musawa: Jurnal Studi Gender dan Islam, Vol. 2, Yogyakarta: UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, 2003;Mahjuddin. Masailul Fiqhiyah Berbagai Kasus yang Dihadapi Hukum Islam Masa Kini. Jakarta: Kalam Mulia, 2005;M. Ali Hasan. Masail Fiqhiyah pada Masalah-Masalah Kontemporer Hukum Islam. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 1998;Yurnalis Uddin (et.al). Reinterpretasi Hukum Islam tentang Aborsi. Jakarta: Penerbit Universitas Yarsi, 2006.[1] Bayu Anggara. Harmonisasi Pengaturan Aborsi di Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum Saraswati, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2021, hal. 121.[2] Bayu Anggara. Harmonisasi Pengaturan Aborsi di Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum Saraswati, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2021, hal. 123.[3] Bayu Anggara. Harmonisasi Pengaturan Aborsi di Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum Saraswati, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2021, hal. 123.[4] Bayu Anggara. Harmonisasi Pengaturan Aborsi di Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum Saraswati, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2021, hal. 124.[5] Pasal 75 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan (“UU Kesehatan”).[6] Pasal 75 ayat (3) UU Kesehatan.[7] Pasal 624 Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (“UU 1/2023”).[8] Diktum Menimbang angka 1 Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia Nomor 4 Tahun 2005 tentang Aborsi (“Fatwa MUI 4/2005”).[9] Diktum Menimbang angka 2 Fatwa MUI 4/2005.[10] Ketentuan Hukum Kedua Fatwa MUI 4/2005.Tagsagamaanakhukumonlinepidana
Sebenarnya apakah menurut hukum aborsi itu diperbolehkan? Bagaimana dengan pandangan Islam?
Berdasarkan hukum positif Indonesia, seperti yang diatur pada UU Kesehatan, tindakan aborsi dilarang oleh hukum. Namun, terdapat pengecualian terhadap larangan aborsi jika ada indikasi kedaruratan medis yang dideteksi sejak usia dini kehamilan maupun kehamilan akibat perkosaan. Sedangkan dalam perspektif hukum Islam, ada perbedaan pendapat mengenai hukumnya melakukan aborsi. Menurut Fatwa MUI 4/2005, larangan aborsi memang dapat dikecualikan dengan alasan tertentu. Apa saja alasan tersebut? Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Syarat dan Prosedur Hibah Saham11 Okt 2022Syarat dan Biaya Balik Nama Sertifikat Tanah karena Jual Beli25 Jun 2024Cara Hitung Pesangon Berdasarkan UU Cipta Kerja18 Agu 2023Syarat dan Prosedur Hibah Saham11 Okt 2022Syarat dan Biaya Balik Nama Sertifikat Tanah karena Jual Beli25 Jun 2024Cara Hitung Pesangon Berdasarkan UU Cipta Kerja18 Agu 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/aborsi-dalam-perspektif-hukum-positif-dan-hukum-islam-lt5f0839117647b/
Aborsi dalam Perspektif Hukum Positif dan Hukum Islam
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul sama yang dibuat oleh [Dr. Drs. Rohidin, S.H., M.Ag.](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/pshi-fakultas-hukum-universitas-islam-indonesia-lt5ea18aa2aa158/dr-drs-rohidin--sh--mag-lt5f0838ca9abf8) dari [PSHI Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Indonesia](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/pshi-fakultas-hukum-universitas-islam-indonesia-lt5ea18aa2aa158) dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Jumat, 10 Juli 2020.** **Artikel ini dibuat berdasarkan KUHP lama dan** **UU 1/2023 tentang** **KUHP** **yang diundangkan pada tanggal 2 Januari 2023****.** Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Aborsi Menurut Hukum Positif Indonesia** Sebelum menjawab inti pertanyaan Anda, sebaiknya kita pahami terlebih dahulu apa yang dimaksud dengan aborsi. Aborsi atau yang lebih dikenal dalam istilah hukumnya dengan _Abortus Provocatus_ yang ditulis dalam bahasa latin memiliki arti dan makna pengguguran kandungan secara sengaja atau niat diri sendiri maupun orang lain.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Aborsi juga dapat diartikan sebagai kondisi dimana keluarnya hasil kehamilan yaitu bayi dari kandungan sang ibu sebelum waktu yang seharusnya dalam kondisi meninggal dunia.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Hukum aborsi di Indonesia dilihat dari sudut pandang **[KUHP](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4c7b7fd88a8c3/nprt/38/wetboek-van-strafrecht-\(wvs\)-kitab-undang-undang-hukum-pidana-\(kuhp\)?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHP)** adalah tindak pidana yang dilarang dan dapat dikenakan sanksi pidana bagi siapapun yang melakukan aborsi.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Namun, **[UU Kesehatan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4af3c27570c04/undangundang-nomor-36-tahun-2009?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_36_2009)** memberikan ruang dan celah untuk dilakukannya aborsi dengan kondisi tertentu[\[4\]](#_ftn4) yang akan kami jelaskan sebagai berikut. Aborsi diatur dalam **Pasal 75**, **Pasal 76**, **Pasal 77**, dan **Pasal 194** UU Kesehatan. Pada dasarnya, setiap orang dilarang melakukan aborsi.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) Namun, **Pasal 75 ayat (2) UU Kesehatan** memberikan dua alasan untuk dapat dilakukannya aborsi, yaitu: 1. indikasi kedaruratan medis yang dideteksi sejak usia dini kehamilan, baik yang mengancam nyawa ibu dan/atau janin, yang menderita penyakit genetik berat dan/atau cacat bawaan, maupun yang tidak dapat diperbaiki sehingga menyulitkan bayi tersebut hidup di luar kandungan; 2. kehamilan akibat perkosaan yang dapat menyebabkan trauma psikologis bagi korban perkosaan. Kemudian, tindakan aborsi hanya dapat dilakukan setelah melalui konseling dan/atau penasehatan pra tindakan dan diakhiri dengan konseling pasca tindakan yang dilakukan oleh konselor yang kompeten dan berwenang.[\[6\]](#_ftn6) **Pasal 76 UU Kesehatan** juga menegaskan bahwa aborsi hanya dapat dilakukan: 1. sebelum kehamilan berumur 6 (enam) minggu dihitung dari hari pertama haid terakhir, kecuali dalam hal kedaruratan medis; 2. oleh tenaga kesehatan yang memiliki keterampilan dan kewenangan yang memiliki sertifikat yang ditetapkan oleh menteri yang lingkup tugas dan tanggung jawabnya di bidang kesehatan; 3. dengan persetujuan ibu hamil yang bersangkutan; 4. dengan izin suami, kecuali korban perkosaan; dan 5. penyedia layanan kesehatan yang memenuhi syarat yang ditetapkan oleh menteri yang lingkup tugas dan tanggung jawabnya di bidang kesehatan. Lalu, berdasarkan **Pasal 194 UU Kesehatan**, orang yang sengaja melakukan aborsi yang tidak sesuai dengan ketentuan hukum dapat dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 10 (sepuluh) tahun dan denda paling banyak Rp1.000.000.000,00 (satu miliar rupiah). Selain UU Kesehatan, ketentuan mengenai aborsi juga diatur dalam KUHP lama yang masih berlaku pada saat artikel ini diterbitkan dan [**UU 1/2023**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b3943c53853/undang-undang-nomor-1-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_1_2023_KUHP_baru) yang mulai berlaku 3 tahun terhitung sejak tanggal diundangkan,[\[7\]](#_ftn7) yakni pada tahun 2026, dapat dilihat pada pasal: **KUHP** **UU 1/2023** **Pasal 346** Seorang wanita yang sengaja menggugurkan atau mematikan kandungannya atau menyuruh orang lain untuk itu, diancam dengan pidana penjara paling lama 4 (empat) tahun. **Pasal 463** 1. Setiap perempuan yang melakukan aborsi, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 4 (empat) tahun. 2. Ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) tidak berlaku dalam hal perempuan merupakan korban tindak pidana perkosaan atau tindak pidana kekerasan seksual lain yang menyebabkan kehamilan yang umur kehamilannya tidak melebihi 14 (empat belas) minggu atau memiliki indikasi kedaruratan medis. **Pasal 347** 1. Barang siapa dengan sengaja menggugurkan atau mematikan kandungan seorang wanita tanpa persetujuannya, diancam dengan pidana penjara paling lama dua belas tahun. 2. Jika perbuatan itu mengakibatkan matinya wanita tersebut, diancam dengan pidana penjara paling lama lima belas tahun. **Pasal 464** 1. Setiap Orang yang melakukan aborsi terhadap seorang perempuan: 1. dengan persetujuan perempuan tersebut, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 5 (lima) tahun; atau 2. tanpa persetujuan perempuan tersebut, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 12 (dua belas) tahun. 2. Jika perbuatan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) huruf a mengakibatkan matinya perempuan tersebut, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 8 (delapan) tahun. 3. Jika perbuatan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) huruf b mengakibatkan matinya perempuan tersebut, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 15 (lima belas) tahun. perempuan yang melakukan aborsi, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 4 (empat) tahun. **Pasal 348** 1. Barang siapa dengan sengaja menggugurkan atau mematikan kandungan seorang wanita dengan persetujuannya, diancam dengan pidana penjara paling lama 5 (lima) tahun 6 (enam) bulan. 2. Jika perbuatan itu mengakibatkan matinya wanita tersebut, diancam dengan pidana penjara paling lama 7 (tujuh) tahun. **Pasal 349** Jika seorang dokter, bidan atau juru obat membantu melakukan kejahatan berdasarkan pasal 346, ataupun melakukan atau membantu melakukan salah satu kejahatan yang diterangkan dalam pasal 347 dan 348, maka pidana yang ditentukan dalam pasal itu dapat ditambah dengan sepertiga dan dapat dicabut hak untuk menjalankan pencarian dalam mana kejahatan dilakukan. **Pasal 465** 1. Dokter, bidan, paramedis, atau apoteker yang melakukan tindak pidana sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 464, pidananya dapat ditambah 1/3 (satu per tiga). 2. Dokter, bidan, paramedis, atau apoteker yang melakukan tindak pidana sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dapat dijatuhi pidana tambahan berupa pencabutan hak sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 86 huruf a dan huruf f. 3. Dokter, bidan, paramedis, atau apoteker yang melakukan aborsi karena indikasi kedaruratan medis atau terhadap korban tindak pidana perkosaan atau tindak pidana kekerasan seksual lain yang menyebabkan kehamilan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 463 ayat (2) tidak dipidana. ### **Aborsi dalam Pandangan Islam** Di berbagai literatur fikih, terdapat perbedaan pendapat mengenai boleh tidaknya seseorang melakukan aborsi atau pengguguran kandungan sebagaimana diterangkan **M. Ali Hasan** dalam buku _Masail Fiqhiyah pada Masalah-Masalah Kontemporer Hukum Islam_ (hal. 44). Sementara itu, aborsi dalam bahasa Arab diartikan _al-ijhad_, yang merupakan bentuk _masdar_ dari kata _ajhada,_ yang artinya lahirnya janin karena dipaksa atau lahir dengan sendirinya sebelum tiba saatnya sebagaimana dijelaskan **Mahjuddin** dalam buku _Masailul Fiqhiyah Berbagai Kasus yang Dihadapi Hukum Islam Masa Kini_ (hal. 76). Secara terminologi_,_ mengutip **Yurnalis Uddin _(et.al)_** dalam buku _Reinterpretasi Hukum Islam tentang Aborsi_ (hal. 131), ahli fikih memberikan definisi aborsi dengan redaksi berbeda, namun bermuara pada substansi yang sama. **Ibrahim al-Nakhai** mengatakan bahwa aborsi adalah pengguguran janin dari rahim ibu hamil, baik sudah berbentuk sempurna atau belum. Senada dengan al-Nakhai adalah definisi **Abdullah bin Ahmad** yang menyatakan bahwa aborsi adalah merusak makhluk yang ada dalam rahim perempuan. Demikian pula, menurut **Abdul Qadir Audah**, aborsi adalah pengguguran kandungan dan perampasan hak hidup janin atau perbuatan yang dapat memisahkan antara janin dengan ibunya. Sedangkan bagi **al-Gazali**, aborsi adalah pelenyapan nyawa janin atau merusak sesuatu yang sudah terkonsepsi (_mawjud al-hasil_). Definisi aborsi lebih detail terurai dalam tulisan **Khoiruddin Nasution** dalam artikel _Pandangan Islam tentang Aborsi_, dengan mengutip _Grolier Family Encyclopedia_ (hal. 114): _...is the termination of a pregnancy by loss or destruction of the fetus before birth. An abortion may be spontaneous or induced. The latter is an act with ethical and legal ramifications_. Perbedaan tersebut dapat disimpulkan sebagaimana diterangkan **Istibsjaroh** dalam buku _Menimbang Hukum Pornografi, Pornoaksi, dan Aborsi dalam Perspektif Islam_ (hal. 64 – 65) sebagai berikut: 1. Diperbolehkan aborsi sebelum usia janin 120 hari. Pendapat ini dikemukakan oleh sebagian besar ulama Hanafiyyah dan sebagian kecil ulama Syafi’iyyah. 2. Diperbolehkan aborsi sebelum usia janin 40 - 45 hari (_tahalluk_). Pendapat ini dinyatakan oleh sebagian besar _fuqaha’_ Syafi’iyyah, sebagian besar _fuqaha_ Hanabilah, dan sebagian kecil _fuqaha’_ Hanafiyyah sebagaimana diterangkan Yurnalis Uddin _(et.al)_ dalam buku yang sama (hal. 86). 3. Aborsi hukumnya makruh _tahrim_, baik sebelum maupun sesudah 40 hari. Pendapat ini dikemukakan sebagian kecil _fuqaha’_ Hanafiyyah. 4. Aborsi hukumnya haram secara mutlak. Pendapat ini dinyatakan oleh sebagian besar _fuqaha’_ Malikiyyah, **Imam al-Gazali**, **Ibn al-Jawzi**, dan **Ibn Hazm al-Zahiri**. Pelakunya dapat dikenai sanksi yang disesuaikan dengan akibat yang ditimbulkannya. Majelis Ulama Indonesia (“MUI”) pada tahun 2005 mengeluarkan **[Fatwa MUI 4/2005](http://mui.or.id/wp-content/uploads/files/fatwa/35.-Aborsi.pdf)** atas pertimbangan bahwa dewasa ini semakin banyak terjadi tindakan aborsi yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat tanpa memperhatikan tuntunan agama.[\[8\]](#_ftn8) Selain itu, aborsi juga banyak dilakukan oleh pihak-pihak yang tidak memiliki kompetensi di bidangnya, sehingga banyak masyarakat yang mempertanyakan hukumnya, apakah haram secara mutlak ataukah boleh dalam kondisi-kondisi tertentu.[\[9\]](#_ftn9) Dengan mendasarkan pada al-Qur’an, hadis, kaidah fikih, dan pendapat para ulama klasik, maka MUI menyatakan:[\[10\]](#_ftn10) 1. Aborsi haram hukumnya sejak terjadinya implantasi blastosis pada dinding rahim ibu (nidasi). 2. Aborsi dibolehkan karena adanya uzur, baik yang bersifat darurat ataupun hajat. 1. Keadaan darurat yang berkaitan dengan kehamilan yang membolehkan aborsi adalah: 1. Perempuan hamil menderita sakit fisik berat seperti kanker stadium lanjut, TBC dengan _cavern_ dan penyakit-penyakit fisik berat lainnya yang harus ditetapkan oleh tim dokter. 2. Dalam keadaan di mana kehamilan mengancam nyawa si ibu. 2. Keadaan hajat yang berkaitan dengan kehamilan yang dapat membolehkan aborsi adalah: 1. Janin yang dikandung dideteksi menderita cacat genetik yang kalau lahir kelak sulit disembuhkan. 2. Kehamilan akibat pemerkosaan yang ditetapkan oleh tim yang berwenang yang di dalamnya terdapat antara lain keluarga korban, dokter dan ulama. 3. Kebolehan aborsi sebagaimana dimaksud huruf b harus dilakukan sebelum janin berusia 40 hari. 3. Aborsi yang dibolehkan karena uzur sebagaimana dimaksud pada angka 2 hanya boleh dilaksanakan di fasilitas kesehatan yang telah ditunjuk oleh pemerintah. 4. Aborsi haram hukumnya dilakukan pada kehamilan yang terjadi akibat zina. Menjawab pertanyaan Anda, dilihat dari sudut pandang KUHP, maka aborsi adalah tindak pidana. Namun, UU Kesehatan memberikan ruang untuk dilakukannya aborsi dengan kondisi tertentu. Kemudian, mengenai aborsi dalam islam, berdasarkan Fatwa MUI dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada dasarnya MUI sepakat dengan ulama klasik maupun kontemporer, bahwa aborsi _qabla nafkh al-ruh_ diharamkan, sebagaimana pendapatnya al-Gazali, bahwa aborsi _qabla nafkh al-ruh_ dilarang sejak terjadinya implantasi blastosis pada dinding rahim ibu (nidasi). Meskipun demikian, MUI memberikan pengecualian aborsi jika ada indikasi yang bersifat darurat maupun hajat. Sementara aborsi akibat perzinaan, MUI secara mutlak mengharamkannya. Baca juga: **[Disuruh Aborsi oleh Calon Mertua, Ini Hukumnya](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/disuruh-aborsi-oleh-calon-mertua-lt63ed3af8475c9?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=disuruh_aborsi_oleh_calon_mertua)** Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. Dasar Hukum: 1. [Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4c7b7fd88a8c3/nprt/38/wetboek-van-strafrecht-\(wvs\)-kitab-undang-undang-hukum-pidana-\(kuhp\)?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHP); 2. [Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan](file:////Users/renatachrista/Desktop/HUKUMONLINE/2023/April/13/1.%2509Undang-Undang%20Nomor%2036%20Tahun%202009%20tentang%20Kesehatan%253B) sebagaimana diubah dengan [Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022) yang telah ditetapkan sebagai undang-undang melalui [Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6427eaaee8a1f/undang-undang-nomor-6-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_6_2023); 3. [Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b3943c53853/undang-undang-nomor-1-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_1_2023_KUHP_baru); 4. [Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia Nomor 4 Tahun 2005 tentang Aborsi](http://mui.or.id/wp-content/uploads/files/fatwa/35.-Aborsi.pdf). Referensi: 1. Bayu Anggara. _Harmonisasi Pengaturan Aborsi di Indonesia._ Jurnal Hukum Saraswati, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2021; 2. Istibsjaroh. _Menimbang Hukum Pornografi, Pornoaksi, dan Aborsi dalam Perspektif Islam_. Surabaya: IAIN Sunan Ampel Press, 2007; 3. Khoiruddin Nasution. _Pandangan Islam tentang Aborsi_. _Musawa: Jurnal Studi Gender dan Islam_, Vol. 2, Yogyakarta: UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, 2003; 4. Mahjuddin. _Masailul Fiqhiyah Berbagai Kasus yang Dihadapi Hukum Islam Masa Kini_. Jakarta: Kalam Mulia, 2005; 5. M. Ali Hasan. _Masail Fiqhiyah pada Masalah-Masalah Kontemporer Hukum Islam_. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 1998; 6. Yurnalis Uddin _(et.al)_. _Reinterpretasi Hukum Islam tentang Aborsi_. Jakarta: Penerbit Universitas Yarsi, 2006. * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Bayu Anggara. _Harmonisasi Pengaturan Aborsi di Indonesia._ Jurnal Hukum Saraswati, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2021, hal. 121. [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Bayu Anggara. _Harmonisasi Pengaturan Aborsi di Indonesia._ Jurnal Hukum Saraswati, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2021, hal. 123. [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Bayu Anggara. _Harmonisasi Pengaturan Aborsi di Indonesia._ Jurnal Hukum Saraswati, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2021, hal. 123. [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Bayu Anggara. _Harmonisasi Pengaturan Aborsi di Indonesia._ Jurnal Hukum Saraswati, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2021, hal. 124. [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Pasal 75 ayat (1) [Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan](file:////Users/renatachrista/Desktop/HUKUMONLINE/2023/April/13/1.%2509Undang-Undang%20Nomor%2036%20Tahun%202009%20tentang%20Kesehatan%253B) (“UU Kesehatan”). [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Pasal 75 ayat (3) UU Kesehatan. [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Pasal 624 [Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b3943c53853/undang-undang-nomor-1-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_1_2023_KUHP_baru) (“UU 1/2023”). [\[8\]](#_ftnref8) Diktum Menimbang angka 1 [Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia Nomor 4 Tahun 2005 tentang Aborsi](http://mui.or.id/wp-content/uploads/files/fatwa/35.-Aborsi.pdf) (“Fatwa MUI 4/2005”). [\[9\]](#_ftnref9) Diktum Menimbang angka 2 Fatwa MUI 4/2005. [\[10\]](#_ftnref10) Ketentuan Hukum Kedua Fatwa MUI 4/2005. Tags ---- [agama](/tag/agama) [anak](/tag/anak) [hukumonline](/tag/hukumonline) [pidana](/tag/pidana)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. KLINIK TERKAITHukum Pernikahan Sesama Jenis di Indonesia08 Mei 2023Hukum Nikah Siri Tanpa Sepengetahuan Keluarga03 Mar 2023Hukumnya Jika Mertua atau Orang Tua Menyuruh Cerai 23 Feb 2023Terlanjur Menikah dengan Saudara Seayah dan Punya Anak, Bagaimana Statusnya?02 Sep 2021Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran kedua dari artikel dengan judul Perkawinan dengan Sepupu yang dibuat oleh Dinna Sabriani yang pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Rabu, 6 Januari 2010, dan pertama kali dimutakhirkan pada Senin, 21 Februari 2022. Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika. Pada prinsipnya, perkawinan adalah sah apabila dilakukan menurut hukum masing-masing agama dan kepercayaannya itu.[1] Dengan demikian, untuk menjawab pertanyaan Anda mengenai hukum menikahi sepupu sendiri, kita perlu merujuk pada ketentuan dalam hukum Islam yang mengatur mengenai boleh/tidaknya menikahi sepupu sendiri.Diterangkan Farid Nu’man Hasan dalam Fiqih Perempuan Kontemporer (hal. 208), sepupu bukanlah mahram dan termasuk sebagai orang yang boleh dinikahi. Dengan kata lain, hukum menikahi sepupu sendiri dalam Islam adalah diperbolehkan.Lebih lanjut, yang dikategorikan sebagai mahram atau orang yang tidak boleh dinikahi adalah ibu, anak perempuan, saudara perempuan, bibi atau saudara perempuan dari pihak ayah atau ibu, keponakan, ibu sepersusuan, anak tiri, dan menantu. Hal ini sebagaimana didasarkan pada Al-Qur’an Surah An-Nisa’ ayat 23 yang artinya:Diharamkan atas kamu menikahi Ibu-ibumu, anak-anakmu yang perempuan, saudara-saudaramu yang perempuan, saudara-saudara ayahmu yang perempuan, saudara-saudara ibumu yang perempuan, anak-anak perempuan dari saudara-saudaramu yang laki-laki, anak-anak perempuan dari saudara-saudaramu yang perempuan, ibu-ibumu yang menyusui kamu, saudara-saudara perempuanmu sesusuan, ibu-Ibu istrimu (mertua), anak-anak perempuan dari istrimu (anak tiri) yang dalam pemeliharaanmu dari istri yang telah kamu campuri, tetapi jika kamu belum campur dengan istrimu itu (dan sudah kamu ceraikan) maka tidak berdosa kamu menikahinya, dan diharamkan bagimu istri-istri anak kandungmu (menantu) dan diharamkan mengumpulkan dalam pernikahan dua perempuan yang bersaudara, kecuali yang telah terjadi pada masa lampau, sungguh Allah Maha Pengampun lagi Maha Penyayang.Diperbolehkannya menikahi sepupu sendiri dalam Islam juga diperkuat dalam Al-Qur'an Surah Al-Ahzab ayat 50 yang artinya: Hai Nabi, sesungguhnya Kami telah menghalalkan bagimu isteri-isterimu yang telah kamu berikan mas kawinnya dan hamba sahaya yang kamu miliki yang termasuk apa yang kamu peroleh dalam peperangan yang dikaruniakan Allah untukmu, dan (demikian pula) anak-anak perempuan dari saudara laki-laki bapakmu, anak-anak perempuan dari saudara perempuan bapakmu, anak-anak perempuan dari saudara laki-laki ibumu dan anak-anak perempuan dari saudara perempuan ibumu yang turut hijrah bersama kamu dan perempuan mukmin yang menyerahkan dirinya kepada Nabi kalau Nabi mau mengawininya, sebagai pengkhususan bagimu, bukan untuk semua orang mukmin. Sesungguhnya Kami telah mengetahui apa yang Kami wajibkan kepada mereka tentang isteri-isteri mereka dan hamba sahaya yang mereka miliki supaya tidak menjadi kesempitan bagimu. Dan adalah Allah Maha Pengampun lagi Maha Penyayang.Dalam hukum positif, pernikahan dengan sepupu tidaklah dilarang. Pasalnya, pernikahan antarsepupu ini tidak termasuk dalam ketentuan Pasal 39 KHI yang mengatur mengenai larangan kawin antara seorang pria dengan wanita sebagaimana diterangkan berikut ini. Karena pertalian nasab dengan seorang perempuan yang:Melahirkan atau yang menurunkannya atau keturunannya;Merupakan keturunan ayah atau ibu;Merupakan saudara yang melahirkannya.Karena pertalian kerabat semenda dengan seorang perempuan yang:Melahirkan istrinya atau bekas isterinya;Merupakan mantan istri orang yang menurunkannya;Merupakan keturunan istri atau mantan istrinya, kecuali putusnya hubungan perkawinan dengan mantan istrinya itu qobla al dukhul (belum berhubungan seksual);Merupakan mantan istri keturunannya.Karena pertalian sesusuan dengan:Perempuan yang menyusui dan seterusnya menurut garis lurus ke atas;Perempuan sesusuan dan seterusnya menurut garis lurus ke bawah;Perempuan saudara sesusuan, dan kemenakan sesusuan ke bawah;Perempuan bibi sesusuan dan nenek bibi sesusuan ke atas;Anak yang disusui oleh istri dan keturunannya.Dengan demikian, menjawab pertanyaan Anda mengenai apa hukum menikahi sepupu sendiri, merujuk pada ketentuan dalam hukum Islam dan hukum positif, menikahi sepupu adalah diperbolehkan.  Demikian jawaban dari kami terkait bolehkah menikahi sepupu sebagaimana ditanyakan, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUMUndang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang PerkawinanUndang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 tahun 1974 tentang PerkawinanInstruksi Presiden Nomor 1 Tahun 1991 tentang Penyebarluasan Kompilasi Hukum Islam REFERENSIFarid Nu’man Hasan. Fiqih Perempuan Kontemporer. Depok: Gema Insani, 2018.[1] Pasal 2 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang PerkawinanTagskeluarga dan perkawinankhipernikahanuu perkawinan
Bagaimana hukum menikahi sepupu sendiri? Mohon penjelasannya bila ditinjau dari hukum Islam dan positif. Terima kasih.
Menjawab pertanyaan Anda mengenai apa hukum menikahi sepupu sendiri, merujuk pada ketentuan dalam hukum positif dan hukum Islam, menikahi sepupu hukumnya adalah boleh bagi yang beragama Islam, sebab sepupu bukanlah mahram.   Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Hukum Pernikahan Sesama Jenis di Indonesia08 Mei 2023Hukum Nikah Siri Tanpa Sepengetahuan Keluarga03 Mar 2023Hukumnya Jika Mertua atau Orang Tua Menyuruh Cerai 23 Feb 2023Terlanjur Menikah dengan Saudara Seayah dan Punya Anak, Bagaimana Statusnya?02 Sep 2021Hukum Pernikahan Sesama Jenis di Indonesia08 Mei 2023Hukum Nikah Siri Tanpa Sepengetahuan Keluarga03 Mar 2023Hukumnya Jika Mertua atau Orang Tua Menyuruh Cerai 23 Feb 2023Terlanjur Menikah dengan Saudara Seayah dan Punya Anak, Bagaimana Statusnya?02 Sep 2021Kiat-kiat Membeli Tanah Girik yang Aman4 Jun 2024Baca Tips Ini Sebelum Menggunakan Karya Cipta Milik Umum28 Feb 2023Ini Cara Mengurus Akta Nikah yang Terlambat 30 Sep 2022Kiat-kiat Membeli Tanah Girik yang Aman4 Jun 2024Baca Tips Ini Sebelum Menggunakan Karya Cipta Milik Umum28 Feb 2023Ini Cara Mengurus Akta Nikah yang Terlambat 30 Sep 2022
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/menikahi-sepupu-cl5929/
Menikahi Sepupu Sendiri dalam Hukum Islam
pages/147/page-8.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Hukum Pernikahan Sesama Jenis di Indonesia ](/klinik/a/hukum-pernikahan-sesama-jenis-di-indonesia-lt50c9f71e463aa/) ![Hukum Pernikahan Sesama Jenis di Indonesia](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt50c9f71e463aa/thumbnail_lt6458d40c53fda.jpg) 08 Mei 2023 [ #### Hukum Nikah Siri Tanpa Sepengetahuan Keluarga ](/klinik/a/hukum-nikah-siri-tanpa-sepengetahuan-keluarga-lt527c5976c75aa/) ![Hukum Nikah Siri Tanpa Sepengetahuan Keluarga](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt527c5976c75aa/thumbnail_lt6401e72193936.jpg) 03 Mar 2023 [ #### Hukumnya Jika Mertua atau Orang Tua Menyuruh Cerai ](/klinik/a/hukumnya-jika-mertua-atau-orang-tua-menyuruh-cerai-lt502b5c0bd8c14/) ![Hukumnya Jika Mertua atau Orang Tua Menyuruh Cerai ](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt502b5c0bd8c14/thumbnail_lt62f200e8d2fd1.jpg) 23 Feb 2023 [ #### Terlanjur Menikah dengan Saudara Seayah dan Punya Anak, Bagaimana Statusnya? ](/klinik/a/terlanjur-menikah-dengan-saudara-seayah-dan-punya-anak--bagaimana-statusnya-lt5e7ce8166e985/) ![Terlanjur Menikah dengan Saudara Seayah dan Punya Anak, Bagaimana Statusnya?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt5e7ce8166e985/thumbnail_lt6130b841d19b5.png) 02 Sep 2021 [](#!) **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran kedua dari artikel dengan judul** _**Perkawinan dengan Sepupu**_ **yang dibuat oleh [Dinna Sabriani](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/dinna-sabriani-lt4b458a94cb6b2) yang pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Rabu, 6 Januari 2010, dan** **pertama kali dimutakhirkan** **pada Senin, 21 Februari 2022.** Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat **[Pernyataan Penyangkalan](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer)** selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan **[Konsultan Mitra Justika](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika)****.** Pada prinsipnya, perkawinan adalah sah apabila dilakukan menurut hukum masing-masing agama dan kepercayaannya itu.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Dengan demikian, untuk menjawab pertanyaan Anda mengenai hukum menikahi sepupu sendiri, kita perlu merujuk pada ketentuan dalam hukum Islam yang mengatur mengenai boleh/tidaknya menikahi sepupu sendiri. Diterangkan **Farid Nu’man Hasan** dalam _Fiqih Perempuan Kontemporer_ (hal. 208), sepupu bukanlah mahram dan termasuk sebagai orang yang boleh dinikahi. Dengan kata lain, hukum menikahi sepupu sendiri dalam Islam adalah diperbolehkan. Lebih lanjut, yang dikategorikan sebagai mahram atau orang yang tidak boleh dinikahi adalah ibu, anak perempuan, saudara perempuan, bibi atau saudara perempuan dari pihak ayah atau ibu, keponakan, ibu sepersusuan, anak tiri, dan menantu. Hal ini sebagaimana didasarkan pada Al-Qur’an Surah An-Nisa’ ayat 23 yang artinya: _Diharamkan atas kamu menikahi Ibu-ibumu, anak-anakmu yang perempuan, saudara-saudaramu yang perempuan, saudara-saudara ayahmu yang perempuan, saudara-saudara ibumu yang perempuan, anak-anak perempuan dari saudara-saudaramu yang laki-laki, anak-anak perempuan dari saudara-saudaramu yang perempuan, ibu-ibumu yang menyusui kamu, saudara-saudara perempuanmu sesusuan, ibu-Ibu istrimu (mertua), anak-anak perempuan dari istrimu (anak tiri) yang dalam pemeliharaanmu dari istri yang telah kamu campuri, tetapi jika kamu belum campur dengan istrimu itu (dan sudah kamu ceraikan) maka tidak berdosa kamu menikahinya, dan diharamkan bagimu istri-istri anak kandungmu (menantu) dan diharamkan mengumpulkan dalam pernikahan dua perempuan yang bersaudara, kecuali yang telah terjadi pada masa lampau, sungguh Allah Maha Pengampun lagi Maha Penyayang._ Diperbolehkannya menikahi sepupu sendiri dalam Islam juga diperkuat dalam Al-Qur'an Surah Al-Ahzab ayat 50 yang artinya: _Hai Nabi, sesungguhnya Kami telah menghalalkan bagimu isteri-isterimu yang telah kamu berikan mas kawinnya dan hamba sahaya yang kamu miliki yang termasuk apa yang kamu peroleh dalam peperangan yang dikaruniakan Allah untukmu, dan (demikian pula) **anak-anak perempuan dari saudara laki-laki bapakmu, anak-anak perempuan dari saudara perempuan bapakmu, anak-anak perempuan dari saudara laki-laki ibumu dan anak-anak perempuan dari saudara perempuan ibumu** yang turut hijrah bersama kamu dan perempuan mukmin yang menyerahkan dirinya kepada Nabi kalau Nabi mau mengawininya, sebagai pengkhususan bagimu, bukan untuk semua orang mukmin. Sesungguhnya Kami telah mengetahui apa yang Kami wajibkan kepada mereka tentang isteri-isteri mereka dan hamba sahaya yang mereka miliki supaya tidak menjadi kesempitan bagimu. Dan adalah Allah Maha Pengampun lagi Maha Penyayang._ Dalam hukum positif, pernikahan dengan sepupu tidaklah dilarang. Pasalnya, pernikahan antarsepupu ini tidak termasuk dalam ketentuan **Pasal 39** [**KHI**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13200/instruksi-presiden-nomor-1-tahun-1991/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=khi) [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13200/instruksi-presiden-nomor-1-tahun-1991/document)yang mengatur mengenai larangan kawin antara seorang pria dengan wanita sebagaimana diterangkan berikut ini. 1. Karena pertalian nasab dengan seorang perempuan yang: 1. Melahirkan atau yang menurunkannya atau keturunannya; 2. Merupakan keturunan ayah atau ibu; 3. Merupakan saudara yang melahirkannya. 2. Karena pertalian kerabat semenda dengan seorang perempuan yang: 1. Melahirkan istrinya atau bekas isterinya; 2. Merupakan mantan istri orang yang menurunkannya; 3. Merupakan keturunan istri atau mantan istrinya, kecuali putusnya hubungan perkawinan dengan mantan istrinya itu _qobla al dukhul_ (belum berhubungan seksual); 4. Merupakan mantan istri keturunannya. 3. Karena pertalian sesusuan dengan: 1. Perempuan yang menyusui dan seterusnya menurut garis lurus ke atas; 2. Perempuan sesusuan dan seterusnya menurut garis lurus ke bawah; 3. Perempuan saudara sesusuan, dan kemenakan sesusuan ke bawah; 4. Perempuan bibi sesusuan dan nenek bibi sesusuan ke atas; 5. Anak yang disusui oleh istri dan keturunannya. Dengan demikian, menjawab pertanyaan Anda mengenai apa hukum menikahi sepupu sendiri, merujuk pada ketentuan dalam hukum Islam dan hukum positif, menikahi sepupu adalah diperbolehkan. Demikian jawaban dari kami terkait bolehkah menikahi sepupu sebagaimana ditanyakan, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26834/undangundang-nomor-1-tahun-1974/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_1_1974) Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5dafedf4cd014?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_16_2019) Instruksi Presiden Nomor 1 Tahun 1991 tentang Penyebarluasan Kompilasi Hukum Islam [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13200/instruksi-presiden-nomor-1-tahun-1991/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=khi) REFERENSI --------- Farid Nu’man Hasan. _Fiqih Perempuan Kontemporer_. Depok: Gema Insani, 2018. * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Pasal 2 ayat (1) [Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26834/undangundang-nomor-1-tahun-1974/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_1_1974) Tags ---- [keluarga dan perkawinan](/tag/keluarga-dan-perkawinan) [khi](/tag/khi) [pernikahan](/tag/pernikahan) [uu perkawinan](/tag/uu-perkawinan)
ULASAN LENGKAPThank you for your question.This article is an English translation of Terjadi Pencurian Data Pribadi (Identity Theft)? Tempuh Langkah Ini written by Bernadetha Aurelia Oktavira, S.H., and published on Friday, 7 October 2022.This article below is an update of the article entitled Legal Measures against Personal Data Theft (Langkah Hukum terhadap Pencurian Data Pribadi), which was written by Laksono Daniel Christian Hutagalung, S.H., LL.M. and was published on Tuesday, 5 November 2019. All legal information available on Klinik hukumonline.com has been prepared for educational purposes only and is general in nature (read the complete Disclaimer). In order to obtain legal advice specific to your case, please consult with Justika Partner Consultant.Personal Data ProtectionBelajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas To first clarify the answer to your question, we will first explain about the protection of personal data. There is now a PDP Law or also known as Law 27/2022.Why should personal data (data pribadi in Bahasa Indonesia) be protected? This is because personal data protection is one of the human rights that is part of personal protection, so it is necessary to provide a legal basis to provide security for personal data while guaranteeing the rights of citizens.[1]Thus, what is personal data? Under the PDP Law, personal data are data regarding individuals who are identified or can be identified separately or in combination with other information, either directly or indirectly through an electronic or non-electronic system.[2]What is included in personal data? Personal data consist of:[3]Specific personal data, namely, health data and information, biometric data, genetic data, crime records, child data, personal financial data, and/or other data in accordance with provisions of laws and regulationsGeneral personal data, namely, full name, gender, citizenship, religion, martial status, and/or combined personal data to identify a person.Criminal Sanctions for Identity Theft in IndonesiaIn general, the judicial process of a criminal offense is based on Criminal Procedure Code as a procedural law that contains the orderly process of resolving or handling criminal cases contained in the Criminal Code, starting from the preliminary investigation, full investigation, prosecution, trial, examination, appeal, cassation, and judicial review.Criminal Procedure Code and Criminal Code are lex generali in criminal law. This means that if there are other laws outside the Criminal Procedure Code and Criminal Code that have specific or special procedural laws and specific criminal sanctions, then these provisions apply lex specialis.Also read: 3 Principles of Law: Lex Superior, Lex Specialis, and Lex Posterior Along with ExamplesMeanwhile, in the PDP Law itself, criminal sanctions are regulated for the following actions:Every Person who intentionally and unlawfully obtains or collects Personal Data that do not belong to them with the intention to benefit themselves or other persons which may result in the loss of the Personal Data Subject as referred to in Article 65 paragraph (1) shall be sentenced to a maximum imprisonment of 5 (five) years and/or a maximum fine of Rp5,000,000,000.00 (five billion rupiah).[4]Every Person who intentionally and unlawfully discloses Personal Data that do not belong to them as referred to in Article 65 paragraph (2) shall be sentenced to a maximum imprisonment of 4 (four) years and/or a maximum fine of Rp4,000,000,000.00 (five billion rupiah).[5]Every Person who intentionally and unlawfully uses Personal Data that do not belong to them as referred to in Article 65 paragraph (3) shall be sentenced to a maximum imprisonment of 5 (five) years and/or a maximum fine of Rp5,000,000,000.00 (five billion rupiah).[6]Any Person who intentionally create false Personal Data or falsify Personal Data with the intention to benefit themselves or other persons which may result in the loss of other persons as referred to in Article 66 shall be sentenced to a maximum imprisonment of 6 (six) years and/or a maximum fine of Rp6,000,000,000.00 (six billion rupiah).[7]Based on the above provisions, the criminal offense of identity theft as you asked can be charged using Article 67 section (1) and (3) PDP Law, which carries a maximum imprisonment of 5 years and/or a maximum fine of Rp5 billion.In addition to criminal sanctions, additional sentences may be imposed in the form of confiscation of obtained profits and/or assets or proceeds from criminal acts and compensation payment.[8]Meanwhile, if identity thefts are conducted by a Corporation, the sentence under Article 67 PDP Law may be imposed to the manager, controller, commanding officer, beneficial owner, and/or corporation (for fines).[9]The fines imposed on a corporation is maximum of 10 (ten) times from the maximum sentence imposed. In addition, a corporation may be imposed on additional sentences in the form of:[10]confiscation of profits and/or assets obtained or proceeds from crimes;suspension of the entire or part of the corporation’s business;permanent prohibition of doing certain actions;shutdown of the entire or part of the Corporation’s place of business and/or activities;fulfill the obligations that have been neglected;payment of compensation;revocation of license; and/ordissolution of the corporation.Also read: Administrative and Criminal Sanctions in the Personal Data Protection LawApplicable Procedural LawBased on the principle of lex specialis, Article 64 section (2) PDP Law states that the applicable procedural law in the judicial process of personal data protection is carried out based on the applicable procedural law in accordance with statutory provisions. In addition, if necessary to protect personal data, the court proceeding may be conducted in a closed court.[11]Valid evidence in this PDP Law shall consist of:[12]evidence as referred to in the procedural law; andother evidence in the form of electronic information and/or electronic documents in accordance with provisions of laws and regulations.So, to answer your question, although criminal sanctions have been specifically regulated in the PDP Law, the applicable procedural law in the criminal justice process related to personal data protection still refers to the provisions in the Criminal Procedure Code.Actions that Victims Can TakeThen, what legal measures can be taken by victims of identity theft? Besides reporting the perpetrator to the police, according to Article 12 section (1) PDP Law, personal data subjects have the right to sue and receive compensation for violations of the processing of personal data regarding themselves in accordance with provisions of laws and regulations.Moreover, according to Article 26 section (1) and (2) Law 19/2016, victims can file a civil lawsuit where the relevant provisions confirm as follows.Unless determined otherwise by Laws and Regulations, the use of any information through electronic media which is related to the personal data of a person shall be conducted with consent from the Person concerned.Every person whose right is violated as referred to in paragraph (1) may file a lawsuit for the loss incurred based on this Law.Compensation lawsuits against parties who misuse personal data are in the form of lawsuits against the law a.k.a unlawful acts based on Article 1365 Civil Code.Also read: Examples of Unlawful Acts and the Basis of the LawsuitThese are the answers we can provide, we hope you will find them useful.Legal Basis:The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia;Civil Law Code;Criminal Code;Law Lumber 8 of 1981 on Criminal Procedure Code;Law Number 11 of 2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions as amended by Law Number 19 of 2016 on the Amendment to Law Number 11 of 2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions;Law Number 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection.[1] Dictum of consideration of Law Number 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection (“PDP Law”) jo. Article 28G section (1), Article 28H section (4), and Article 28J The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia;[2] Article 1 number 1 PDP Law.[3] Article 4 PDP Law.[4] Article 67 section (1) PDP Law.[5] Article 67 section (2) PDP Law.[6] Article 67 section (3) PDP Law.[7] Article 68 PDP Law.[8] Article 69 PDP Law.[9] Article 70 section (1) and (2) PDP Law.[10] Article 70 section (3) and (4) PDP Law.[11] Article 64 section (4) PDP Law.[12] Article 64 section (3) PDP Law.Tagsklinik english edition
Is the criminal justice process for identity theft the same as conventional criminal justice?
Recently, Indonesia has the PDP Law as a special regulation that includes criminal sanctions related to personal data protection. What are the criminal sanctions contained in the PDP Law and are the procedural laws applicable in the judicial process the same as those stipulated in the Criminal Procedure Code? Please read the review below for a further explanation. Langkah Jika Jual Beli Tanah HGB yang Belum Balik Nama15 Mei 2024Ingin Rujuk, Begini Cara Cabut Gugatan Cerai di Pengadilan1 Sep 2023Baca Tips Ini Sebelum Menggunakan Karya Cipta Milik Umum28 Feb 2023Langkah Jika Jual Beli Tanah HGB yang Belum Balik Nama15 Mei 2024Ingin Rujuk, Begini Cara Cabut Gugatan Cerai di Pengadilan1 Sep 2023Baca Tips Ini Sebelum Menggunakan Karya Cipta Milik Umum28 Feb 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/identity-theft-take-this-action-lt6436b4cc148a3/
Identity Theft? Take This Action
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Thank you for your question. This article is an English translation of **_[Terjadi Pencurian Data Pribadi (Identity Theft)? Tempuh Langkah Ini](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/terjadi-pencurian-data-pribadi-tempuh-langkah-ini-lt5d904597bfa6e?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=terjadi_pencurian_data_pribadi)_** written by [**Bernadetha Aurelia Oktavira, S.H.,**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/bernadetha-aurelia-oktavira--sh-lt5d537b77ab8d5) and published on Friday, 7 October 2022. **This article below is an update of the article entitled Legal Measures against Personal Data Theft (_Langkah Hukum terhadap Pencurian Data Pribadi)_, which was written by** [**Laksono Daniel Christian Hutagalung, S.H., LL.M.**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/lembaga-bantuan-hukum-mawar-saron-lt4ddc7a184bdfe/laksono-daniel-christian-hutagalung--sh--llm-lt5d4a477076cb6) **and was published on Tuesday, 5 November 2019.**  All legal information available on Klinik hukumonline.com has been prepared for educational purposes only and is general in nature (read the complete [**Disclaimer**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer)). In order to obtain legal advice specific to your case, please consult with [**Justika Partner Consultant**](https://www.justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Personal Data Protection** Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) To first clarify the answer to your question, we will first explain about the protection of personal data. There is now a [**PDP Law**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt634e841e24ca9/undang-undang-nomor-27-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_27_2022) or also known as **Law 27/2022**. Why should personal data ([_data pribadi_](https://www.hukumonline.com/kamus/d/data-pribadi) in _Bahasa Indonesia_) be protected? This is because personal data protection is one of the human rights that is part of personal protection, so it is necessary to provide a legal basis to provide security for personal data while guaranteeing the rights of citizens.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Thus, what is personal data? Under the PDP Law, **personal data are** data regarding individuals who are identified or can be identified separately or in combination with other information, either directly or indirectly through an electronic or non-electronic system.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) What is included in personal data? Personal data consist of:[\[3\]](#_ftn3) 1. Specific personal data, namely, health data and information, biometric data, genetic data, crime records, child data, personal financial data, and/or other data in accordance with provisions of laws and regulations 2. General personal data, namely, full name, gender, citizenship, religion, martial status, and/or combined personal data to identify a person. ### **Criminal Sanctions for Identity Theft in Indonesia** In general, the judicial process of a criminal offense is based on [**Criminal Procedure Code**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/2647/node/629?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHAP) as a procedural law that contains the orderly process of resolving or handling criminal cases contained in the [**Criminal Code**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4c7b7fd88a8c3/nprt/38/wetboek-van-strafrecht-\(wvs\)-kitab-undang-undang-hukum-pidana-\(kuhp\)?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHP), starting from the preliminary investigation, full investigation, prosecution, trial, examination, appeal, cassation, and judicial review. Criminal Procedure Code and Criminal Code are _lex generali_ in criminal law. This means that if there are other laws outside the Criminal Procedure Code and Criminal Code that have specific or special procedural laws and specific criminal sanctions, then these provisions apply _lex specialis_. Also read: [**3 Principles of Law: Lex Superior, Lex Specialis, and Lex Posterior Along with Examples**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/3-asas-hukum--ilex-superior-i--ilex-specialis-i--dan-ilex-posterior-i-beserta-contohnya-cl6806?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=3_asas_hukum_lex) Meanwhile, in the PDP Law itself, criminal sanctions are regulated for the following actions: 1. Every Person who intentionally and unlawfully obtains or collects Personal Data that do not belong to them with the intention to benefit themselves or other persons which may result in the loss of the Personal Data Subject as referred to in Article 65 paragraph (1) shall be sentenced to a maximum imprisonment of 5 (five) years and/or a maximum fine of Rp5,000,000,000.00 (five billion rupiah).[\[4\]](#_ftn4) 2. Every Person who intentionally and unlawfully discloses Personal Data that do not belong to them as referred to in Article 65 paragraph (2) shall be sentenced to a maximum imprisonment of 4 (four) years and/or a maximum fine of Rp4,000,000,000.00 (five billion rupiah).[\[5\]](#_ftn5) 3. Every Person who intentionally and unlawfully uses Personal Data that do not belong to them as referred to in Article 65 paragraph (3) shall be sentenced to a maximum imprisonment of 5 (five) years and/or a maximum fine of Rp5,000,000,000.00 (five billion rupiah).[\[6\]](#_ftn6) 4. Any Person who intentionally create false Personal Data or falsify Personal Data with the intention to benefit themselves or other persons which may result in the loss of other persons as referred to in Article 66 shall be sentenced to a maximum imprisonment of 6 (six) years and/or a maximum fine of Rp6,000,000,000.00 (six billion rupiah).[\[7\]](#_ftn7) Based on the above provisions, the criminal offense of identity theft as you asked can be charged using **Article 67 section (1) and (3) PDP Law**, which carries a maximum imprisonment of 5 years and/or a maximum fine of Rp5 billion. In addition to criminal sanctions, additional sentences may be imposed in the form of confiscation of obtained profits and/or assets or proceeds from criminal acts and compensation payment.[\[8\]](#_ftn8) Meanwhile, if identity thefts are conducted by a Corporation, the sentence under Article 67 PDP Law may be imposed to the manager, controller, commanding officer, beneficial owner, and/or corporation (for fines).[\[9\]](#_ftn9) The fines imposed on a corporation is maximum of 10 (ten) times from the maximum sentence imposed. In addition, a corporation may be imposed on additional sentences in the form of:[\[10\]](#_ftn10) 1. confiscation of profits and/or assets obtained or proceeds from crimes; 2. suspension of the entire or part of the corporation’s business; 3. permanent prohibition of doing certain actions; 4. shutdown of the entire or part of the Corporation’s place of business and/or activities; 5. fulfill the obligations that have been neglected; 6. payment of compensation; 7. revocation of license; and/or 8. dissolution of the corporation. Also read: [**Administrative and Criminal Sanctions in the Personal Data Protection Law**](https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/ancaman-sanksi-administratif-hingga-pidana-dalam-uu-pelindungan-data-pribadi-lt633c69ce2de5c?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=sanksi_uu_pdp) ### **Applicable Procedural Law** Based on the principle of _lex specialis_, **Article 64 section (2) PDP Law** states that the applicable procedural law in the judicial process of personal data protection is carried out based on the applicable procedural law in accordance with statutory provisions. In addition, if necessary to protect personal data, the court proceeding may be conducted in a closed court.[\[11\]](#_ftn11) Valid evidence in this PDP Law shall consist of:[\[12\]](#_ftn12) 1. evidence as referred to in the procedural law; and 2. other evidence in the form of electronic information and/or electronic documents in accordance with provisions of laws and regulations. So, to answer your question, although criminal sanctions have been specifically regulated in the PDP Law, the **applicable procedural law** in the criminal justice process related to personal data protection **still refers to the provisions in the Criminal Procedure Code**. ### **Actions that Victims Can Take** Then, what legal measures can be taken by victims of identity theft? Besides reporting the perpetrator to the police, according to **Article 12 section (1) PDP Law**, personal data subjects **have the right to sue and receive compensation** for violations of the processing of personal data regarding themselves in accordance with provisions of laws and regulations. Moreover, according to **Article 26 section (1) and (2)** [**Law 19/2016**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt584a7363785c8?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_19_2016), **victims can file a civil lawsuit where the relevant provisions** confirm as follows. 1. _Unless determined otherwise by Laws and Regulations, the use of any information through electronic media which is related to the **personal data** of a person **shall be conducted with consent** from the Person concerned._ 2. _Every person whose right is violated as referred to in paragraph (1) **may file a lawsuit for the loss** incurred based on this Law._ Compensation lawsuits against parties who misuse personal data are in the form of lawsuits against the law a.k.a unlawful acts based on **Article 1365** [**Civil Code**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17229/node/686?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHPerdata). Also read: [**Examples of Unlawful Acts and the Basis of the Lawsuit**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/contoh-perbuatan-melawan-hukum-lt631ae19d07879?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=contoh_perbuatan_melawan_hukum) These are the answers we can provide, we hope you will find them useful. Legal Basis: 1. [The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4ca2eb6dd2834/node/lt49c8ba3665987/uud-undang-undang-dasar-1945?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UUD_1945); 2. [Civil Law Code](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17229/node/686?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHPerdata); 3. [Criminal Code](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4c7b7fd88a8c3/nprt/38/wetboek-van-strafrecht-\(wvs\)-kitab-undang-undang-hukum-pidana-\(kuhp\)?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHP); 4. [Law Lumber 8 of 1981 on Criminal Procedure Code](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/2647/node/629?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHAP); 5. [Law Number 11 of 2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/27912/nprt/1011/uu-no-11-tahun-2008-informasi-dan-transaksi-elektronik?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_ITE) as amended by [Law Number 19 of 2016 on the Amendment to Law Number 11 of 2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt584a7363785c8?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_19_2016); 6. [Law Number 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt634e841e24ca9/undang-undang-nomor-27-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_27_2022). * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Dictum of consideration of [Law Number 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt634e841e24ca9/undang-undang-nomor-27-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_27_2022) (“PDP Law”) _jo._ Article 28G section (1), Article 28H section (4), and Article 28J [The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4ca2eb6dd2834/node/lt49c8ba3665987/uud-undang-undang-dasar-1945?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UUD_1945); [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Article 1 number 1 PDP Law. [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Article 4 PDP Law. [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Article 67 section (1) PDP Law. [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Article 67 section (2) PDP Law. [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Article 67 section (3) PDP Law. [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Article 68 PDP Law. [\[8\]](#_ftnref8) Article 69 PDP Law. [\[9\]](#_ftnref9) Article 70 section (1) and (2) PDP Law. [\[10\]](#_ftnref10) Article 70 section (3) and (4) PDP Law. [\[11\]](#_ftnref11) Article 64 section (4) PDP Law. [\[12\]](#_ftnref12) Article 64 section (3) PDP Law. Tags ---- [klinik english edition](/tag/klinik-english-edition)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.Artikel ini dibuat berdasarkan KUHP lama dan UU 1/2023 tentang KUHP yang diundangkan pada tanggal 2 Januari 2023.Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.Pengertian dan Dasar Hukum QR-CodeSebelum menjawab pertanyaan Anda, sebaiknya kita pahami terlebih dahulu mengenai apa yang dimaksud dengan QR-Code. QR-Code atau Quick Response Code adalah pengembangan dari Bar-Code yang dulunya merupakan kode satu dimensi menjadi kode dua dimensi dengan kemampuan menyimpan data yang bisa disimpan dapat berupa kode angka, huruf, binary, dan huruf kanji.[1] QR-Code adalah sebuah kode matriks yang dibuat oleh perusahaan Jepang bernama Denso-Wave pada tahun 1994. Intinya, QR-Code merupakan bentuk evaluasi dari Bar-Code yang biasanya kita lihat pada sebuah produk yang memuat berbagai informasi di dalamnya seperti alamat URL, teks, hingga nomor telepon.[2]Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Dasar hukum QR-Code di Indonesia diatur dalam PADG 21/18/2019. Kemudian, berdasarkan Pasal 1 angka 4 PADG 21/18/2019, Quick Response Code untuk pembayaran adalah kode dua dimensi yang terdiri atas penanda tiga pola persegi pada sudut kiri bawah, sudut kiri atas, dan sudut kanan atas, memiliki modul hitam berupa persegi titik atau piksel, dan memiliki kemampuan menyimpan data alfanumerik, karakter, dan simbol, yang digunakan untuk memfasilitasi transaksi pembayaran nirsentuh melalui pemindaian.Di Indonesia saat ini, QR-Code yang digunakan sebagai metode pembayaran adalah QRIS. Disarikan dari laman Bank Indonesia, Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (“QRIS”) adalah penyatuan berbagai macam QR dari berbagai Penyelenggara Jasa Sistem Pembayaran (“PJSP”) menggunakan QR-Code. Hal ini sesuai dengan Pasal 1 angka 5 PADG 21/18/2019 yang mengatur bahwa QRIS adalah Standar QR-Code Pembayaran yang ditetapkan oleh Bank Indonesia untuk digunakan dalam memfasilitasi transaksi pembayaran di Indonesia. Sehingga, QRIS dapat digunakan di seluruh toko, pedagang, warung, parkir, tiket wisata, donasi (merchant) berlogo QRIS.[3]Dengan adanya perkembangan teknologi tersebut, fenomena seseorang yang tidak membawa uang tunai pada saat ini sangat umum ditemui. Oleh karena itu, berbagai kegiatan yang melibatkan pembayaran banyak menggunakan fitur QRIS, salah satunya memudahkan masyarakat dalam beramal. Sebagai contoh, kotak amal dipasangkan stiker QRIS.Lantas, adakah ketentuan terkait pemalsuan atau sabotase QR-Code tersebut?Jerat Pidana Pemalsuan QR-CodeBerdasarkan Pasal 1 angka 1 UU 19/2016 yang mengubah Pasal 1 angka 1 UU ITE, informasi elektronik adalah satu atau sekumpulan data elektronik, termasuk tetapi tidak terbatas pada tulisan, suara, gambar, peta, rancangan, foto, electronic data interchange, surat elektronik, telegram, teleks, telecopy atau sejenisnya, huruf, tanda, angka, kode akses, simbol, atau perforasi yang telah diolah yang memiliki arti atau dapat dipahami oleh orang yang mampu memahaminya. Dari definisi tersebut, maka QR-Code atau QRIS termasuk dalam data elektronik.Oleh karena itu, berdasarkan UU ITE, terhadap pelaku pemalsuan QR-Code dapat dikenakan pasal sebagai berikut:Pasal 35 UU ITESetiap Orang dengan sengaja dan tanpa hak atau melawan hukum melakukan manipulasi, penciptaan, perubahan, penghilangan, pengrusakan Informasi Elektronik dan/atau Dokumen Elektronik dengan tujuan agar Informasi Elektronik dan/atau Dokumen Elektronik tersebut dianggap seolah-olah data yang otentik. Pasal 51 ayat (1) UU ITESetiap Orang yang memenuhi unsur sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 35 dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 12 (dua belas) tahun dan/atau denda paling banyak Rp12.000.000.000,00 (dua belas miliar rupiah).Kemudian, jika pelaku penyebar QR-Code atau QRIS palsu mengakibatkan kerugian pada orang lain, maka pelaku dapat dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 6 (enam) tahun dan/atau denda paling banyak Rp1.000.000.000,00 (satu miliar rupiah).[4]Selain itu, menurut hemat kami, perbuatan memalsukan QRIS yang ada di kotak amal melanggar ketentuan tentang transfer dana. Menurut Pasal 1 angka 1 UU Transfer Dana, transfer dana adalah rangkaian kegiatan yang dimulai dengan perintah dari Pengirim Asal yang bertujuan memindahkan sejumlah dana kepada penerima yang disebutkan dalam Perintah Transfer Dana sampai dengan diterimanya dana oleh penerima.Berdasarkan penjelasan tersebut, kami asumsikan dana yang dikirim oleh pengirim tidak sampai pada penerima dalam hal ini nomor rekening amal masjid, melainkan sampai pada penerima dengan nomor rekening lain. Sehingga, pelaku dapat dikenakan pasal sebagai berikut.Pasal 80 UU Transfer DanaSetiap orang yang secara melawan hukum membuat atau menyimpan sarana perintah transfer dana dengan maksud untuk menggunakannya atau menyuruh orang lain untuk menggunakannya dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 2 (dua) tahun atau denda paling banyak Rp2 miliar.Setiap orang yang menggunakan dan/atau menyerahkan sarana perintah transfer dana sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 4 (empat) tahun atau denda paling banyak Rp4 miliar.Pasal 83 UU Transfer DanaSetiap orang yang secara melawan hukum mengubah, menghilangkan, atau menghapus sebagian atau seluruh informasi yang tercantum dalam perintah transfer dana dengan maksud menguntungkan diri sendiri atau orang lain dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 2 (dua) tahun atau denda paling banyak Rp1 miliar.Dalam hal tindak pidana sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) mengakibatkan kerugian pengirim dan/atau penerima yang berhak dan/atau pihak lain, pelaku dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 4 (empat) tahun atau denda paling banyak Rp2 miliar.Sebagai informasi, yang dimaksud dengan perintah transfer dana adalah perintah tidak bersyarat dari pengirim kepada penyelenggara penerima untuk membayarkan sejumlah dana tertentu kepada penerima.[5]Selanjutnya, perbuatan tersebut juga dapat dijerat mengenai dugaan tindak pidana penipuan yang ditegaskan dalam ketentuan KUHP lama yang masih berlaku pada saat artikel ini diterbitkan dan UU 1/2023 yang mulai berlaku 3 tahun terhitung sejak tanggal diundangkan,[6] yakni pada tahun 2026, yaitu:Pasal 378 KUHPPasal 492 UU 1/2023Barang siapa dengan maksud untuk menguntungkan diri sendiri atau orang lain secara melawan hukum, dengan memakai nama palsu atau martabat palsu, dengan tipu muslihat, ataupun rangkaian kebohongan, menggerakkan orang lain untuk menyerahkan barang sesuatu kepadanya, atau supaya memberi hutang maupun menghapuskan piutang, diancam karena penipuan dengan pidana penjara paling lama 4 (empat) tahun.Setiap orang yang dengan maksud menguntungkan diri sendiri atau orang lain secara melawan hukum dengan memakai nama palsu atau kedudukan palsu, menggunakan tipu muslihat atau rangkaian kata bohong, menggerakkan orang supaya menyerahkan suatu barang, memberi utang, membuat pengakuan utang, atau menghapus piutang, dipidana karena penipuan, dengan pidana penjara paling lama 4 (empat) tahun atau pidana denda paling banyak kategori V yaitu Rp500 juta.[7]Kesimpulannya, QR-Code adalah kode matriks yang merupakan perkembangan dari Bar-Code. Di Indonesia terdapat QRIS yang digunakan untuk memfasilitasi transaksi pembayaran yang diatur dalam PADG 21/18/2022 serta perubahannya. Pemalsuan QR-Code atau QRIS adalah suatu perbuatan melawan hukum, yang mana pelaku dapat dijerat pidana berdasarkan ketentuan dalam UU ITE, UU Transfer Dana, dan KUHP, dalam bentuk pidana denda hingga pidana penjara.Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat.DASAR HUKUMKitab Undang-Undang Hukum PidanaUndang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi ElektronikUndang-Undang Nomor 19 tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi ElektronikUndang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2011 tentang Transfer DanaUndang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum PidanaPeraturan Anggota Dewan Gubernur Nomor 21/18/Padg/2019 Tahun 2019 tentangImplementasi Standar Nasional Quick Response Code untuk PembayaranPeraturan Anggota Dewan Gubernur Nomor 23/8/PADG/2021 Tahun 2021 tentang Perubahan atas Peraturan Anggota Dewan Gubernur Nomor 21/18/Padg/2019 tentang Implementasi Standar Nasional Quick Response Code untuk PembayaranPeraturan Anggota Dewan Gubernur Nomor 24/1/Padg/2022 Tahun 2022 tentang Perubahan Kedua Atas Peraturan Anggota Dewan Gubernur Nomor 21/18/Padg/2019 tentang Implementasi Standar Nasional Quick Response Code untuk PembayaranREFERENSIJoseph Dedy Irawan dan Emmalia Adriantantri. Pemanfaatan QR-Code Sebagai Media Promosi Toko. Jurnal MNEMONIC, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2018;Bank Indonesia, Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard, diakses pada Rabu, 12 April 2023, pukul 12.00 WIB;Kementerian Perindustrian, Hubungan antara QR Code dan Dunia Industri dan Perdagangan, diakses pada Selasa, 11 April 2023, pukul 16.32 WIB.[1] Joseph Dedy Irawan dan Emmalia Adriantantri. Pemanfaatan QR-Code Sebagai Media Promosi Toko. Jurnal MNEMONIC, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2018, hal. 56.[2] Kementerian Perindustrian, Hubungan antara QR Code dan Dunia Industri dan Perdagangan, diakses pada Selasa, 11 April 2023, pukul 16.00 WIB.[3] Bank Indonesia, Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard, diakses pada Rabu, 12 April 2023, pukul 12.00 WIB.[4] Pasal 28 ayat 1 Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (“UU ITE”) jo. Pasal 1 angka 8 Undang-Undang Nomor 19 tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (“UU 19/2016”) yang menambah baru Pasal 45A ayat (1) UU ITE.[5] Pasal 1 angka 5 Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2011 tentang Transfer Dana (“UU Transfer Dana”).[6] Pasal 624 Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (“UU 1/2023”).[7] Pasal 79 UU 1/2023.Tagsklinik hukumonline
Baru-baru ini ada berita mengenai orang yang menempelkan QRIS palsu di kotak amal masjid. Bagaimana sanksi terhadap seseorang yang memalsukan QRIS yang terpasang di kotak amal masjid atau tempat umum lainnya?
Pemalsuan atau sabotase QR-Code atau QRIS merupakan suatu perbuatan melawan hukum. Pelaku perbuatan tersebut dapat dijerat pidana berdasarkan beberapa ketentuan dalam UU ITE, UU Transfer Dana, dan KUHP. Lantas, apa bentuk jerat hukum masing-masing undang-undang tersebut? Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Ini Cara Mengurus Akta Nikah yang Terlambat 30 Sep 2022Tips Cicil Rumah dengan KPR Agar Terhindar Risiko Hukum2 Apr 2024Cara Mengurus Akta Cerai yang Hilang19 Mei 2023Ini Cara Mengurus Akta Nikah yang Terlambat 30 Sep 2022Tips Cicil Rumah dengan KPR Agar Terhindar Risiko Hukum2 Apr 2024Cara Mengurus Akta Cerai yang Hilang19 Mei 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/penyebar-qris-palsu--ini-jerat-hukumnya-lt6436783926f9e/
Penyebar QRIS Palsu, Ini Jerat Hukumnya
pages/148/page-1.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. **Artikel ini dibuat berdasarkan KUHP lama dan** **UU 1/2023 tentang** **KUHP** **yang diundangkan pada tanggal 2 Januari 2023****.** Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Pengertian dan Dasar Hukum _QR-Code_** Sebelum menjawab pertanyaan Anda, sebaiknya kita pahami terlebih dahulu mengenai apa yang dimaksud dengan _QR-Code_. _QR-Code_ atau _Quick Response Code_ adalah pengembangan dari _Bar-Code_ yang dulunya merupakan kode satu dimensi menjadi kode dua dimensi dengan kemampuan menyimpan data yang bisa disimpan dapat berupa kode angka, huruf, _binary_, dan huruf kanji.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) _QR-Code_ adalah sebuah kode matriks yang dibuat oleh perusahaan Jepang bernama Denso-Wave pada tahun 1994. Intinya, _QR-Code_ merupakan bentuk evaluasi dari _Bar-Code_ yang biasanya kita lihat pada sebuah produk yang memuat berbagai informasi di dalamnya seperti alamat URL, teks, hingga nomor telepon.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Dasar hukum _QR-Code_ di Indonesia diatur dalam **[PADG 21/18/2019](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5d5e198c129c2/peraturan-anggota-dewan-gubernur-nomor-21-18-padg-2019-tahun-2019/document?utm_medium=pusatdata?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=padg_21_18_2019)**. Kemudian, berdasarkan **Pasal 1 angka 4** **PADG 21/18/2019**, _Quick Response Code_ untuk pembayaran adalah kode dua dimensi yang terdiri atas penanda tiga pola persegi pada sudut kiri bawah, sudut kiri atas, dan sudut kanan atas, memiliki modul hitam berupa persegi titik atau piksel, dan memiliki kemampuan menyimpan data alfanumerik, karakter, dan simbol, yang digunakan untuk memfasilitasi transaksi pembayaran nirsentuh melalui pemindaian. Di Indonesia saat ini, _QR-Code_ yang digunakan sebagai metode pembayaran adalah QRIS. Disarikan dari laman Bank Indonesia, **_[Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard](https://www.bi.go.id/QRIS/default.aspx)_ (“QRIS”)** adalah penyatuan berbagai macam QR dari berbagai Penyelenggara Jasa Sistem Pembayaran (“PJSP”) menggunakan _QR-Code_. Hal ini sesuai dengan **Pasal 1 angka 5 PADG 21/18/2019** yang mengatur bahwa QRIS adalah Standar _QR-Code_ Pembayaran yang ditetapkan oleh Bank Indonesia untuk digunakan dalam memfasilitasi transaksi pembayaran di Indonesia. Sehingga, QRIS dapat digunakan di seluruh toko, pedagang, warung, parkir, tiket wisata, donasi (merchant) berlogo QRIS.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Dengan adanya perkembangan teknologi tersebut, fenomena seseorang yang tidak membawa uang tunai pada saat ini sangat umum ditemui. Oleh karena itu, berbagai kegiatan yang melibatkan pembayaran banyak menggunakan fitur QRIS, salah satunya memudahkan masyarakat dalam beramal. Sebagai contoh, kotak amal dipasangkan stiker QRIS. Lantas, adakah ketentuan terkait pemalsuan atau sabotase _QR-Code_ tersebut? ### **Jerat Pidana Pemalsuan _QR-Code_** Berdasarkan **Pasal 1 angka 1** [**UU 19/2016**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt584a7363785c8?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_19_2016) yang mengubah **Pasal 1 angka 1** [**UU ITE**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/27912/undangundang-nomor-11-tahun-2008?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_11_2008), informasi elektronik adalah satu atau sekumpulan data elektronik, termasuk tetapi tidak terbatas pada tulisan, suara, gambar, peta, rancangan, foto, _electronic data interchange_, surat elektronik, telegram, teleks, telecopy atau sejenisnya, huruf, tanda, angka, kode akses, simbol, atau perforasi yang telah diolah yang memiliki arti atau dapat dipahami oleh orang yang mampu memahaminya. Dari definisi tersebut, maka _QR-Code_ atau QRIS termasuk dalam data elektronik. Oleh karena itu, berdasarkan UU ITE, terhadap pelaku pemalsuan _QR-Code_ dapat dikenakan pasal sebagai berikut: **Pasal 35 UU ITE** _Setiap Orang dengan sengaja dan tanpa hak atau melawan hukum melakukan manipulasi, penciptaan, perubahan, penghilangan, pengrusakan Informasi Elektronik dan/atau Dokumen Elektronik dengan tujuan agar Informasi Elektronik dan/atau Dokumen Elektronik tersebut dianggap seolah-olah data yang otentik._ **Pasal 51 ayat (1) UU ITE** _Setiap Orang yang memenuhi unsur sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 35 dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 12 (dua belas) tahun dan/atau denda paling banyak Rp12.000.000.000,00 (dua belas miliar rupiah)._ Kemudian, jika pelaku penyebar _QR-Code_ atau QRIS palsu mengakibatkan kerugian pada orang lain, maka pelaku dapat dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 6 (enam) tahun dan/atau denda paling banyak Rp1.000.000.000,00 (satu miliar rupiah).[\[4\]](#_ftn4) Selain itu, menurut hemat kami, perbuatan memalsukan QRIS yang ada di kotak amal melanggar ketentuan tentang transfer dana. Menurut **Pasal 1 angka 1** [**UU Transfer Dana**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4d91818974ffe/undangundang-nomor-3-tahun-2011?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_3_2011), transfer dana adalah rangkaian kegiatan yang dimulai dengan perintah dari Pengirim Asal yang bertujuan memindahkan sejumlah dana kepada penerima yang disebutkan dalam Perintah Transfer Dana sampai dengan diterimanya dana oleh penerima. Berdasarkan penjelasan tersebut, kami asumsikan dana yang dikirim oleh pengirim tidak sampai pada penerima dalam hal ini nomor rekening amal masjid, melainkan sampai pada penerima dengan nomor rekening lain. Sehingga, pelaku dapat dikenakan pasal sebagai berikut. **Pasal 80 UU Transfer Dana** 1. _Setiap orang yang secara melawan hukum membuat atau menyimpan sarana perintah transfer dana dengan maksud untuk menggunakannya atau menyuruh orang lain untuk menggunakannya dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 2 (dua) tahun atau denda paling banyak Rp2 miliar._ 2. _Setiap orang yang menggunakan dan/atau menyerahkan sarana perintah transfer dana sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 4 (empat) tahun atau denda paling banyak Rp4 miliar._ **Pasal 83 UU Transfer Dana** 1. _Setiap orang yang secara melawan hukum mengubah, menghilangkan, atau menghapus sebagian atau seluruh informasi yang tercantum dalam perintah transfer dana dengan maksud menguntungkan diri sendiri atau orang lain dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 2 (dua) tahun atau denda paling banyak Rp1 miliar._ 2. _Dalam hal tindak pidana sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) mengakibatkan kerugian pengirim dan/atau penerima yang berhak dan/atau pihak lain, pelaku dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 4 (empat) tahun atau denda paling banyak Rp2 miliar._ Sebagai informasi, yang dimaksud dengan perintah transfer dana adalah perintah tidak bersyarat dari pengirim kepada penyelenggara penerima untuk membayarkan sejumlah dana tertentu kepada penerima.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) Selanjutnya, perbuatan tersebut juga dapat dijerat mengenai dugaan tindak pidana penipuan yang ditegaskan dalam ketentuan [**KUHP**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4c7b7fd88a8c3/nprt/38/wetboek-van-strafrecht-\(wvs\)-kitab-undang-undang-hukum-pidana-\(kuhp\)?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHP) lama yang masih berlaku pada saat artikel ini diterbitkan dan [**UU 1/2023**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b3943c53853/undang-undang-nomor-1-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_1_2023_KUHP_baru) yang mulai berlaku 3 tahun terhitung sejak tanggal diundangkan,[\[6\]](#_ftn6) yakni pada tahun 2026, yaitu: **Pasal 378** **KUHP** **Pasal 492 UU 1/2023** Barang siapa dengan maksud untuk menguntungkan diri sendiri atau orang lain secara melawan hukum, dengan memakai nama palsu atau martabat palsu, dengan tipu muslihat, ataupun rangkaian kebohongan, menggerakkan orang lain untuk menyerahkan barang sesuatu kepadanya, atau supaya memberi hutang maupun menghapuskan piutang, diancam karena penipuan dengan pidana penjara paling lama 4 (empat) tahun. Setiap orang yang dengan maksud menguntungkan diri sendiri atau orang lain secara melawan hukum dengan memakai nama palsu atau kedudukan palsu, menggunakan tipu muslihat atau rangkaian kata bohong, menggerakkan orang supaya menyerahkan suatu barang, memberi utang, membuat pengakuan utang, atau menghapus piutang, dipidana karena penipuan, dengan pidana penjara paling lama 4 (empat) tahun atau pidana denda paling banyak kategori V yaitu Rp500 juta.[\[7\]](#_ftn7) Kesimpulannya, _QR-Code_ adalah kode matriks yang merupakan perkembangan dari _Bar-Code_. Di Indonesia terdapat QRIS yang digunakan untuk memfasilitasi transaksi pembayaran yang diatur dalam PADG 21/18/2022 serta perubahannya. Pemalsuan _QR-Code_ atau QRIS adalah suatu perbuatan melawan hukum, yang mana pelaku dapat dijerat pidana berdasarkan ketentuan dalam UU ITE, UU Transfer Dana, dan KUHP, dalam bentuk pidana denda hingga pidana penjara. Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4c7b7fd88a8c3/nprt/38/wetboek-van-strafrecht-\(wvs\)-kitab-undang-undang-hukum-pidana-\(kuhp\)?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHP) Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/27912/undangundang-nomor-11-tahun-2008?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_11_2008) Undang-Undang Nomor 19 tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt584a7363785c8?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_19_2016) Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2011 tentang Transfer Dana [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4d91818974ffe/undangundang-nomor-3-tahun-2011?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_3_2011) Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b3943c53853/undang-undang-nomor-1-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_1_2023_KUHP_baru) Peraturan Anggota Dewan Gubernur Nomor 21/18/Padg/2019 Tahun 2019 tentang [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5d5e198c129c2/peraturan-anggota-dewan-gubernur-nomor-21-18-padg-2019-tahun-2019/document?utm_medium=pusatdata?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=padg_21_18_2019) Implementasi Standar Nasional Quick Response Code untuk Pembayaran [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5d5e198c129c2/peraturan-anggota-dewan-gubernur-nomor-21-18-padg-2019-tahun-2019/document?utm_medium=pusatdata?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=padg_21_18_2019) Peraturan Anggota Dewan Gubernur Nomor 23/8/PADG/2021 Tahun 2021 tentang Perubahan atas Peraturan Anggota Dewan Gubernur Nomor 21/18/Padg/2019 tentang Implementasi Standar Nasional Quick Response Code untuk Pembayaran [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6090f4f91578e?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=padg_23_8_2021) Peraturan Anggota Dewan Gubernur Nomor 24/1/Padg/2022 Tahun 2022 tentang Perubahan Kedua Atas Peraturan Anggota Dewan Gubernur Nomor 21/18/Padg/2019 tentang Implementasi Standar Nasional Quick Response Code untuk Pembayaran [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt621f1afaa8897?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=padg_24_1_2022) REFERENSI --------- 1. Joseph Dedy Irawan dan Emmalia Adriantantri. _Pemanfaatan QR-Code Sebagai Media Promosi Toko._ Jurnal MNEMONIC, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2018; 2. Bank Indonesia, _[Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard](https://www.bi.go.id/QRIS/default.aspx),_ diakses pada Rabu, 12 April 2023, pukul 12.00 WIB; 3. Kementerian Perindustrian, _[Hubungan antara QR Code dan Dunia Industri dan Perdagangan](https://kemenperin.go.id/download/6759/Hubungan-antara-QR-Code-dan-Dunia-Industri-dan-Perdagangan)_, diakses pada Selasa, 11 April 2023, pukul 16.32 WIB. [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Joseph Dedy Irawan dan Emmalia Adriantantri. _Pemanfaatan QR-Code Sebagai Media Promosi Toko._ Jurnal MNEMONIC, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2018, hal. 56. [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Kementerian Perindustrian, _[Hubungan antara QR Code dan Dunia Industri dan Perdagangan](https://kemenperin.go.id/download/6759/Hubungan-antara-QR-Code-dan-Dunia-Industri-dan-Perdagangan)_, diakses pada Selasa, 11 April 2023, pukul 16.00 WIB. [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Bank Indonesia, _[Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard](https://www.bi.go.id/QRIS/default.aspx)_, diakses pada Rabu, 12 April 2023, pukul 12.00 WIB. [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 28 ayat 1 [Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/27912/undangundang-nomor-11-tahun-2008?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_11_2008) (“UU ITE”) _jo._ Pasal 1 angka 8 [Undang-Undang Nomor 19 tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt584a7363785c8?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_19_2016) (“UU 19/2016”) yang menambah baru Pasal 45A ayat (1) UU ITE. [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Pasal 1 angka 5 [Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2011 tentang Transfer Dana](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4d91818974ffe/undangundang-nomor-3-tahun-2011?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_3_2011) (“UU Transfer Dana”). [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Pasal 624 [Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b3943c53853/undang-undang-nomor-1-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_1_2023_KUHP_baru) (“UU 1/2023”). [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Pasal 79 UU 1/2023. Tags ---- [klinik hukumonline](/tag/klinik-hukumonline)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. Artikel ini adalah pemutakhiran kedua dari artikel dengan judul Cara Menghitung Uang Lembur Pada Hari Raya Keagamaan yang dibuat oleh Tri Jata Ayu Pramesti, S.H. dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Senin, 28 September 2015, kemudian dimutakhirkan pertama kali pada 6 Januari 2021. Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika. Anda pernah bekerja di saat hari raya keagamaan atau hari libur resmi lainnya? Banyak di antara pekerja yang masih belum mengetahui hak mereka atas uang lembur dan bagaimana cara perhitungannya. Untuk mencerahkan Anda, berikut kami ulas mengenai uang lembur dan rumus menghitungnya. Aturan Lembur Hari Raya KeagamaanPada dasarnya, pekerja/buruh tidak wajib bekerja pada hari-hari libur resmi. Namun, pengusaha boleh mempekerjakan pekerja di hari libur resmi tersebut apabila pekerjaan yang bersangkutan harus dilaksanakan secara terus menerus atau pada keadaan lain berdasarkan kesepakatan antara pekerja dengan pengusaha.Hari libur resmi ini merupakan hari libur nasional, hari yang diliburkan secara nasional, atau hari libur yang ditetapkan oleh pemerintah daerah. Hari raya keagamaan merupakan salah satu hari libur resmi yang ditetapkan oleh pemerintah.Jika pengusaha mempekerjakan pekerja/buruh pada hari libur resmi yang ditetapkan pemerintah, maka dihitung sebagai waktu kerja lembur.Untuk melaksanakan waktu kerja lembur, maka perlu memenuhi syarat yaitu harus ada perintah dari pengusaha dan persetujuan dari pekerja/buruh yang bersangkutan secara tertulis dan/atau melalui media digital.Pengusaha yang mempekerjakan pekerja/buruh selama waktu kerja lembur wajib untuk:Membayar upah kerja lembur;Memberi kesempatan untuk istirahat secukupnya; danMemberikan makanan dan minuman minimal 1.400 kilo kalori, apabila kerja lembur dilakukan selama 4 jam atau lebih.Namun demikian, ketentuan waktu kerja lembur tersebut tidak berlaku bagi perusahaan pada sektor usaha atau pekerjaan tertentu sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 23 ayat (3) dan Pasal 24 PP 35/2021. Cara Menghitung Upah Lembur Hari Raya KeagamaanMenjawab pertanyaan Anda, berikut adalah perhitungan upah lembur hari raya keagamaan untuk waktu kerja 6 hari kerja dan 40 jam seminggu:jam pertama sampai dengan jam ketujuh, dibayar 2 kali upah sejam;jam kedelapan, dibayar 3 kali upah sejam; danjam kesembilan, jam kesepuluh, dan jam kesebelas, dibayar 4 kali upah sejam.Jika hari raya keagamaan atau hari libur resmi jatuh pada hari kerja terpendek, maka perhitungan upah lembur adalah sebagai berikut.jam pertama sampai dengan jam kelima, dibayar 2 kali upah sejam;jam keenam, dibayar 3 kali upah sejam; danjam ketujuh, jam kedelapan, dan jam kesembilan, dibayar 4 kali upah sejam.Adapun, perhitungan upah lembur hari raya keagamaan untuk waktu kerja 5 hari kerja dan 40 jam seminggu yaitu:jam pertama sampai dengan jam kedelapan, dibayar 2 kali upah sejam;jam kesembilan, dibayar 3 kali upah sejam; danjam kesepuluh, jam kesebelas, dan jam kedua belas, dibayar 4 kali upah sejam.Perhitungan upah kerja lembur tersebut didasarkan pada upah bulanan. Cara menghitung upah sejam yaitu 1/173 dikali upah sebulan.Dalam hal komponen upah terdiri dari upah pokok dan tunjangan tetap, maka dasar perhitungan upah kerja lembur yaitu 100% dari upah. Sedangkan jika upah terdiri dari upah pokok, tunjangan tetap, dan tunjangan tidak tetap, dan upah pokok ditambah tunjangan tetap lebih kecil dari 75%, maka dasar perhitungan upah kerja lembur yaitu 75% dari keseluruhan upah. Contoh Perhitungan Upah Lembur di Hari Raya KeagamaanMisalnya, pada hari raya Idul Fitri 2023, seorang pekerja yang waktu kerjanya adalah 5 hari kerja 40 jam dalam seminggu bekerja lembur selama 5 jam, sedangkan upah bulanannya adalah Rp4 juta. Maka cara menghitung upah kerja lemburnya adalah sebagai berikut.Hitung Upah Per JamRumus dalam menghitung upah per jam adalah 1/173 x upah sebulan.Maka perhitungannya adalah sebagai berikut:1/173 x Rp4.000.000,- = Rp23.121,387 Kalikan Upah Per Jam dengan Lama Kerja LemburSebagaimana yang telah dijelaskan di atas, upah kerja lembur untuk pekerja dengan waktu kerja 5 hari kerja 40 jam seminggu adalah 2 kali upah sejam untuk 8 jam pertama.Karena kerja lembur dilakukan selama 5 jam, maka upah lembur yang berhak didapatkan pekerja tersebut adalah sebesar 5 x 2 x Rp23.121,387 = Rp231.213,87Perlu diingat, ketentuan di atas bergantung pada waktu kerja karyawan dalam seminggu dan berapa lama waktu kerja lembur. Sebagai pekerja, Anda dapat menghitung sendiri berapa upah per jam yang diterima menggunakan rumus yang telah kami jabarkan di atas.Sebagai tambahan, pengusaha yang tidak membayarkan upah kerja lembur bagi pekerja dikenai sanksi pidana pelanggaran berupa pidana kurungan minimal 1 bulan dan maksimal 12 bulan dan/atau pidana denda minimal Rp10 juta dan maksimal Rp100 juta. Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. Dasar Hukum:Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan;Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja yang telah ditetapkan menjadi undang-undang dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023 tentang Penetapan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang tentang Cipta Kerja Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja Menjadi Undang-Undang;Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 35 Tahun 2021 tentang Perjanjian Kerja Waktu tertentu, Alih Daya, Waktu Kerja dan Waktu Istirahat, dan Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja.Tagsgajihari liburjam kerjakeagamaanketenagakerjaanlemburupah
Bagaimana cara menghitung lembur pada hari raya keagamaan yang sesuai dengan undang-undang ketenagakerjaan?
Pada dasarnya, pada hari libur resmi, pekerja tidak wajib bekerja. Namun, pengusaha dibolehkan untuk mempekerjakan pekerja di hari libur resmi tersebut apabila pekerjaan yang bersangkutan harus dilaksanakan secara terus menerus atau pada keadaan lain berdasarkan kesepakatan antara pekerja dengan pengusaha. Sebagai konsekuensinya, pekerja yang dipekerjakan di hari libur resmi seperti hari raya keagamaan, berhak mendapat upah kerja lembur. Bagaimana cara menghitung upah lembur hari raya keagamaan?   Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Langkah Jika Jual Beli Tanah HGB yang Belum Balik Nama15 Mei 2024Ingin Rujuk, Begini Cara Cabut Gugatan Cerai di Pengadilan1 Sep 2023Perhatikan Ini Sebelum Tanda Tangan Kontrak Kerja20 Mar 2023Langkah Jika Jual Beli Tanah HGB yang Belum Balik Nama15 Mei 2024Ingin Rujuk, Begini Cara Cabut Gugatan Cerai di Pengadilan1 Sep 2023Perhatikan Ini Sebelum Tanda Tangan Kontrak Kerja20 Mar 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/begini-cara-hitung-upah-lembur-pada-hari-raya-keagamaan-lt56010043c9966/
Begini Cara Hitung Upah Lembur Pada Hari Raya Keagamaan
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. **Artikel ini adalah pemutakhiran kedua dari artikel dengan judul** _**Cara Menghitung Uang Lembur Pada Hari Raya Keagamaan**_ **yang dibuat oleh** [**Tri Jata Ayu Pramesti, S.H.**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/penjawab/lt5165540a9b53c/mitra/lt4b457ff0c3e1b/tri-jata-ayu-pramesti--sh) **dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Senin, 28 September 2015, kemudian dimutakhirkan pertama kali pada 6 Januari 2021.** Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika)**.** Anda pernah bekerja di saat hari raya keagamaan atau hari libur resmi lainnya? Banyak di antara pekerja yang masih belum mengetahui hak mereka atas uang lembur dan bagaimana cara perhitungannya. Untuk mencerahkan Anda, berikut kami ulas mengenai uang lembur dan rumus menghitungnya. ### **Aturan Lembur Hari Raya Keagamaan** Pada dasarnya, pekerja/buruh tidak wajib bekerja pada hari-hari libur resmi. Namun, pengusaha boleh mempekerjakan pekerja di hari libur resmi tersebut apabila pekerjaan yang bersangkutan harus dilaksanakan secara terus menerus atau pada keadaan lain berdasarkan kesepakatan antara pekerja dengan pengusaha. Hari libur resmi ini merupakan hari libur nasional, hari yang diliburkan secara nasional, atau hari libur yang ditetapkan oleh pemerintah daerah. Hari raya keagamaan merupakan salah satu hari libur resmi yang ditetapkan oleh pemerintah. Jika pengusaha mempekerjakan pekerja/buruh pada hari libur resmi yang ditetapkan pemerintah, maka dihitung sebagai waktu kerja lembur. Untuk melaksanakan waktu kerja lembur, maka perlu memenuhi syarat yaitu **harus ada perintah dari pengusaha dan persetujuan dari pekerja/buruh yang bersangkutan** secara tertulis dan/atau melalui media digital. Pengusaha yang mempekerjakan pekerja/buruh selama waktu kerja lembur wajib untuk: 1. **Membayar upah kerja lembur**; 2. Memberi kesempatan untuk istirahat secukupnya; dan 3. Memberikan makanan dan minuman minimal 1.400 kilo kalori, apabila kerja lembur dilakukan selama 4 jam atau lebih. Namun demikian, ketentuan waktu kerja lembur tersebut tidak berlaku bagi perusahaan pada sektor usaha atau pekerjaan tertentu sebagaimana dimaksud dalam **Pasal 23 ayat (3) dan Pasal 24** **[PP 35/2021](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt60322c341518b/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-35-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_35_2021).** ### **Cara Menghitung Upah Lembur Hari Raya Keagamaan** Menjawab pertanyaan Anda, berikut adalah perhitungan upah lembur hari raya keagamaan untuk **waktu kerja 6 hari kerja** **dan 40 jam seminggu**: 1. jam pertama sampai dengan jam ketujuh, dibayar 2 kali upah sejam; 2. jam kedelapan, dibayar 3 kali upah sejam; dan 3. jam kesembilan, jam kesepuluh, dan jam kesebelas, dibayar 4 kali upah sejam. Jika hari raya keagamaan atau hari libur resmi jatuh pada hari kerja terpendek, maka perhitungan upah lembur adalah sebagai berikut. 1. jam pertama sampai dengan jam kelima, dibayar 2 kali upah sejam; 2. jam keenam, dibayar 3 kali upah sejam; dan 3. jam ketujuh, jam kedelapan, dan jam kesembilan, dibayar 4 kali upah sejam. Adapun, perhitungan upah lembur hari raya keagamaan untuk **waktu kerja 5 hari kerja dan 40 jam seminggu** yaitu: 1. jam pertama sampai dengan jam kedelapan, dibayar 2 kali upah sejam; 2. jam kesembilan, dibayar 3 kali upah sejam; dan 3. jam kesepuluh, jam kesebelas, dan jam kedua belas, dibayar 4 kali upah sejam. Perhitungan upah kerja lembur tersebut didasarkan pada upah bulanan. Cara menghitung **upah sejam yaitu 1/173 dikali upah sebulan**. Dalam hal komponen upah terdiri dari upah pokok dan tunjangan tetap, maka dasar perhitungan upah kerja lembur yaitu 100% dari upah. Sedangkan jika upah terdiri dari upah pokok, tunjangan tetap, dan tunjangan tidak tetap, dan upah pokok ditambah tunjangan tetap lebih kecil dari 75%, maka dasar perhitungan upah kerja lembur yaitu 75% dari keseluruhan upah. ### **Contoh Perhitungan Upah Lembur di Hari Raya Keagamaan** Misalnya, pada hari raya Idul Fitri 2023, seorang pekerja yang waktu kerjanya adalah 5 hari kerja 40 jam dalam seminggu bekerja lembur selama 5 jam, sedangkan upah bulanannya adalah Rp4 juta. Maka cara menghitung upah kerja lemburnya adalah sebagai berikut. 1. **Hitung Upah Per Jam** Rumus dalam menghitung upah per jam adalah **1/173 x upah sebulan.** Maka perhitungannya adalah sebagai berikut: **1/173 x Rp4.000.000,- = Rp23.121,387** 2. **Kalikan Upah Per Jam dengan Lama Kerja Lembur** Sebagaimana yang telah dijelaskan di atas, upah kerja lembur untuk pekerja dengan waktu kerja 5 hari kerja 40 jam seminggu adalah 2 kali upah sejam untuk 8 jam pertama. Karena kerja lembur dilakukan selama 5 jam, maka upah lembur yang berhak didapatkan pekerja tersebut adalah sebesar **5 x 2 x Rp23.121,387 = Rp231.213,87** Perlu diingat, ketentuan di atas bergantung pada waktu kerja karyawan dalam seminggu dan berapa lama waktu kerja lembur. Sebagai pekerja, Anda dapat menghitung sendiri berapa upah per jam yang diterima menggunakan rumus yang telah kami jabarkan di atas. Sebagai tambahan, pengusaha yang tidak membayarkan upah kerja lembur bagi pekerja **dikenai sanksi pidana pelanggaran** berupa pidana kurungan minimal 1 bulan dan maksimal 12 bulan dan/atau pidana denda minimal Rp10 juta dan maksimal Rp100 juta. Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. Dasar Hukum: 1. [Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan;](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13146/undangundang-nomor-13-tahun-2003/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_13_2003) 2. [Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022) yang telah ditetapkan menjadi undang-undang dengan [Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023 tentang Penetapan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang tentang Cipta Kerja Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja Menjadi Undang-Undang](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6427eaaee8a1f/undang-undang-nomor-6-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_6_2023); 3. [Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 35 Tahun 2021 tentang Perjanjian Kerja Waktu tertentu, Alih Daya, Waktu Kerja dan Waktu Istirahat, dan Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt60322c341518b/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-35-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_35_2021). Tags ---- [gaji](/tag/gaji) [hari libur](/tag/hari-libur) [jam kerja](/tag/jam-kerja) [keagamaan](/tag/keagamaan) [ketenagakerjaan](/tag/ketenagakerjaan) [lembur](/tag/lembur) [upah](/tag/upah)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.KLINIK TERKAITAturan Cuti Haid, Cuti Melahirkan, dan Cuti Keguguran11 Jul 2024Apakah Cuti Melahirkan Mengurangi Cuti Tahunan?14 Nov 2023Bolehkah PHK Karyawan Cuti Melahirkan karena Efisiensi?11 Agt 2023Adakah Aturan Pemberian Cuti Suami untuk Mengasuh Anak?25 Okt 2022Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul Perhitungan Hak Cuti Melahirkan Prematur yang dibuat oleh Diana Kusumasari, S.H., M.H., dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Kamis, 31 Maret 2011.Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.Melahirkan Prematur, Termasuk Keguguran atau Dianggap Bersalin?Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Untuk menjawab pertanyaan Anda apakah kelahiran prematur dianggap bersalin atau keguguran kandungan, perlu diketahui terlebih dahulu mengenai apa itu keguguran dan persalinan prematur.Keguguran atau abortus spontan merupakan abortus yang terjadi secara alamiah tanpa intervensi luar (buatan) untuk mengakhiri kehamilan. Abortus sendiri adalah kejadian berhentinya kehamilan sebelum janin dapat hidup di luar kandungan pada usia kehamilan kurang dari 20 minggu atau dengan berat janin kurang dari 500 gram.[1]Sementara, persalinan prematur atau persalinan kurang bulan menurut WHO adalah persalinan yang terjadi antara usia kehamilan 28 minggu sampai kurang dari 37 minggu (259 hari).[2]Dari pengertian di atas, jika dihitung usia kehamilan rekan kerja Anda yang melahirkan 2,5 bulan dari perkiraan dokter maka usia kehamilannya telah lebih dari 20 minggu dan kurang dari 37 minggu. Dengan demikian, peristiwa tersebut merupakan persalinan, bukan keguguran, terutama bayi tersebut setelah dilahirkan tetap hidup walaupun masih dalam inkubator. Sehingga tidak dapat dikategorikan sebagai keguguran.Aturan Cuti Melahirkan bagi Pekerja yang Melahirkan PrematurPekerja yang melahirkan prematur berhak mendapatkan cuti melahirkan setidaknya selama 3 bulan. Hal tersebut diatur dalam Pasal 82 ayat (1) UU Ketenagakerjaan yang berbunyi:Pekerja/buruh perempuan berhak memperoleh istirahat selama 1,5 (satu setengah) bulan sebelum saatnya melahirkan anak dan 1,5 (satu setengah) bulan sesudah melahirkan menurut perhitungan dokter kandungan atau bidan.Lamanya cuti melahirkan tersebut dapat diperpanjang berdasarkan surat keterangan dokter kandungan atau bidan, baik sebelum maupun setelah melahirkan.[3]Meskipun kelahiran prematur terjadi lebih awal dari perhitungan dokter kandungan, tidak dengan sendirinya menghapus hak rekan Anda atas cuti melahirkan yang secara akumulatif adalah 3 bulan.Selanjutnya, terkait dengan pernyataan Anda bahwa perusahaan memberikan cuti keguguran terhadap rekan Anda yang melahirkan prematur, dapat kami sampaikan bahwa aturan tersebut hanya dapat diterapkan kepada pekerja/buruh perempuan yang mengalami keguguran. Artinya, perusahaan tidak dapat memberikan hak cuti keguguran yaitu 1,5 bulan kepada rekan Anda, karena peristiwa yang rekan Anda alami adalah persalinan, bukan keguguran.Baca juga: Aturan Cuti Haid, Cuti Melahirkan, dan Cuti KeguguranLangkah Hukum Pekerja Perempuan Jika Tak Dapat Cuti MelahirkanApabila perusahaan tetap menerapkan aturan pemberian cuti keguguran terhadap pekerja perempuan yang melahirkan secara prematur, maka peraturan perusahaan tersebut melanggar Pasal 82 ayat (1) UU Ketenagakerjaan. Ketentuan dalam peraturan perusahaan pada dasarnya tidak boleh bertentangan dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Apabila peraturan perusahaan bertentangan dengan peraturan perundang-undangan, maka yang berlaku adalah ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan.[4]Selanjutnya, rekan Anda dapat melakukan upaya penyelesaian secara bipartit yaitu rekan Anda mengajukan keberatan atau perundingan kepada perusahaan secara musyawarah mufakat.[5] Apabila upaya tersebut gagal, dapat dilanjutkan dengan upaya tripartit, yakni upaya penyelesaian dengan melibatkan mediator dari Dinas Ketenagakerjaan.[6] Jika upaya tripartit tidak membuahkan hasil, maka pihak-pihak dapat mengajukan gugatan perselisihan hak kepada Pengadilan Hubungan Industrial.Selengkapnya mengenai mekanisme penyelesaian perselisihan antara pekerja dan pengusaha dapat Anda baca dalam artikel 3 Mekanisme Penyelesaian Perselisihan Hubungan Industrial.Demikian jawaban dari kami tentang aturan cuti melahirkan prematur, semoga bermanfaat.DASAR HUKUMUndang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan;Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2004 tentang Penyelesaian Perselisihan Hubungan IndustrialPeraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang tentang Cipta Kerja Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta KerjaUndang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023REFERENSIIke Sri Wahyuni, Farida Kartini, dan Abkar Raden. Dampak Kejadian Pasca Abortus Spontan pada Ibu Hamil. Jurnal Kesehatan, Vol. 13 No. 1 (2022);Sriyana Herman dan Hermanto Tri Joewono. Buku Acuan Persalinan Kurang Bulan (Prematur). Kendari: Yayasan Avicenna Kendari, 2020.[1] Ike Sri Wahyuni, Farida Kartini, dan Abkar Raden, Dampak Kejadian Pasca Abortus Spontan pada Ibu Hamil, Jurnal Kesehatan, Vol. 13 No. 1 (2022), hal. 91 – 92[2] Sriyana Herman dan Hermanto Tri Joewono, Buku Acuan Persalinan Kurang Bulan (Prematur), Kendari: Yayasan Avicenna Kendari, 2020, hal. 20[3] Penjelasan Pasal 82 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan (“UU Ketenagakerjaan”)[4] Pasal 111 ayat (2) UU Ketenagakerjaan dan penjelasannya.[5] Pasal 3 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2004 tentang Penyelesaian Perselisihan Hubungan Industrial (“UU PPHI”)[6] Pasal 8 UU PPHITagscuticuti melahirkanhukum ketenagakerjaanketenagakerjaanperselisihan hubungan industrialuu ketenagakerjaan
Menurut UU Ketenagakerjaan, pekerja wanita berhak atas cuti bersalin 1,5 bulan sebelum melahirkan dan 1,5 bulan setelah melahirkan menurut perhitungan dokter kandungan atau bidan. Sedangkan, pekerja wanita berhak mendapat istirahat selama 1,5 bulan setelah keguguran kandungan. Persoalan yang kami hadapi saat ini yaitu salah seorang rekan kerja wanita kami mengalami kelahiran prematur (2,5 bulan lebih awal dari perhitungan dokter kandungan). Pertanyaannya, bagaimana seharusnya melihat kasus seperti ini? Apakah ini dianggap bersalin atau keguguran kandungan? Sebab perusahaan tempat kami bekerja menerapkan aturan sebagaimana diatur dalam UU Ketenagakerjaan (1,5 bulan istirahat setelah keguguran), sedangkan pada kenyataannya bayi kembar rekan kami ini masih hidup di inkubator. Demikian kami mohon informasinya. Terima kasih.
Persalinan prematur atau persalinan kurang bulan adalah persalinan yang terjadi antara usia kehamilan 28 minggu sampai <37 minggu. Sementara, keguguran atau abortus spontan merupakan kejadian berhentinya kehamilan pada usia kehamilan <20 minggu dan terjadi secara alamiah. Terhadap pekerja/buruh perempuan yang melahirkan secara prematur tetap berhak atas cuti melahirkan selama 3 bulan secara akumulatif dan bukan diberikan cuti keguguran. Lantas, langkah hukum apa yang dapat dilakukan jika pekerja perempuan tak dapat cuti melahirkan karena persalinan prematur? Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Aturan Cuti Haid, Cuti Melahirkan, dan Cuti Keguguran11 Jul 2024Apakah Cuti Melahirkan Mengurangi Cuti Tahunan?14 Nov 2023Bolehkah PHK Karyawan Cuti Melahirkan karena Efisiensi?11 Agt 2023Adakah Aturan Pemberian Cuti Suami untuk Mengasuh Anak?25 Okt 2022Aturan Cuti Haid, Cuti Melahirkan, dan Cuti Keguguran11 Jul 2024Apakah Cuti Melahirkan Mengurangi Cuti Tahunan?14 Nov 2023Bolehkah PHK Karyawan Cuti Melahirkan karena Efisiensi?11 Agt 2023Adakah Aturan Pemberian Cuti Suami untuk Mengasuh Anak?25 Okt 2022Cara Pindah Kewarganegaraan WNI Menjadi WNA25 Mar 2024Simak! Ini 5 Langkah Merger PT 22 Mei 2023Tips Agar Terhindar dari Jebakan Saham Gorengan15 Agu 2023Cara Pindah Kewarganegaraan WNI Menjadi WNA25 Mar 2024Simak! Ini 5 Langkah Merger PT 22 Mei 2023Tips Agar Terhindar dari Jebakan Saham Gorengan15 Agu 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/aturan-cuti-melahirkan-bagi-pekerja-dengan-persalinan-prematur-cl4158/
Aturan Cuti Melahirkan bagi Pekerja dengan Persalinan Prematur
pages/148/page-3.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Aturan Cuti Haid, Cuti Melahirkan, dan Cuti Keguguran ](/klinik/a/aturan-cuti-haid-cuti-melahirkan-dan-cuti-keguguran-cl3890/) ![Aturan Cuti Haid, Cuti Melahirkan, dan Cuti Keguguran](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/cl3890/thumbnail_lt62f4a41295dae.jpg) 11 Jul 2024 [ #### Apakah Cuti Melahirkan Mengurangi Cuti Tahunan? ](/klinik/a/peraturan-cuti-melahirkan-lt5cfb1a4f1f5b1/) ![Apakah Cuti Melahirkan Mengurangi Cuti Tahunan?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt5cfb1a4f1f5b1/thumbnail_lt63035b1b8198d.jpg) 14 Nov 2023 [ #### Bolehkah PHK Karyawan Cuti Melahirkan karena Efisiensi? ](/klinik/a/phk-karyawan-cuti-melahirkan-lt5ef474cfad50f/) ![Bolehkah PHK Karyawan Cuti Melahirkan karena Efisiensi?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt5ef474cfad50f/thumbnail_lt64d611c4d9d84.jpg) 11 Agt 2023 [ #### Adakah Aturan Pemberian Cuti Suami untuk Mengasuh Anak? ](/klinik/a/cuti-suami-mengasuh-anak-lt4f9e4e622a9bd/) ![Adakah Aturan Pemberian Cuti Suami untuk Mengasuh Anak?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt4f9e4e622a9bd/thumbnail_lt61029c71dd5ab.jpg) 25 Okt 2022 [](#!) **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul _Perhitungan Hak Cuti Melahirkan Prematur_ yang dibuat oleh [Diana Kusumasari, S.H., M.H.](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/diana-kusumasari--sh--mh-lt4d37c414e08df), dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Kamis, 31 Maret 2011.** Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika)**.** ### **Melahirkan Prematur, Termasuk Keguguran atau Dianggap Bersalin?** Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Untuk menjawab pertanyaan Anda apakah kelahiran prematur dianggap bersalin atau keguguran kandungan, perlu diketahui terlebih dahulu mengenai apa itu keguguran dan persalinan prematur. Keguguran atau abortus spontan merupakan abortus yang terjadi secara alamiah tanpa intervensi luar (buatan) untuk mengakhiri kehamilan. Abortus sendiri adalah kejadian berhentinya kehamilan sebelum janin dapat hidup di luar kandungan pada **usia kehamilan kurang dari 20 minggu** atau dengan berat janin kurang dari 500 gram.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Sementara, persalinan prematur atau persalinan kurang bulan menurut WHO adalah persalinan yang terjadi antara **usia kehamilan 28 minggu sampai kurang dari 37 minggu** (259 hari).[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Dari pengertian di atas, jika dihitung usia kehamilan rekan kerja Anda yang melahirkan 2,5 bulan dari perkiraan dokter maka usia kehamilannya telah lebih dari 20 minggu dan kurang dari 37 minggu. Dengan demikian, peristiwa tersebut merupakan **persalinan****,** **bukan keguguran**, terutama bayi tersebut setelah dilahirkan tetap hidup walaupun masih dalam inkubator. Sehingga tidak dapat dikategorikan sebagai keguguran. ### **Aturan** **Cuti** **Melahirkan** **b****agi Pekerja yang Melahirkan Prematur** Pekerja yang melahirkan prematur berhak mendapatkan cuti melahirkan setidaknya selama 3 bulan. Hal tersebut diatur dalam **Pasal 82 ayat (1) [UU Ketenagakerjaan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13146/undangundang-nomor-13-tahun-2003/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_13_2003)** yang berbunyi: _Pekerja/buruh perempuan berhak memperoleh istirahat selama 1,5 (satu setengah) bulan sebelum saatnya melahirkan anak dan 1,5 (satu setengah) bulan sesudah melahirkan menurut perhitungan dokter kandungan atau bidan._ Lamanya cuti melahirkan tersebut dapat diperpanjang berdasarkan surat keterangan dokter kandungan atau bidan, baik sebelum maupun setelah melahirkan.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Meskipun kelahiran prematur terjadi lebih awal dari perhitungan dokter kandungan, tidak dengan sendirinya menghapus hak rekan Anda atas cuti melahirkan yang secara akumulatif adalah 3 bulan. Selanjutnya, terkait dengan pernyataan Anda bahwa perusahaan memberikan cuti keguguran terhadap rekan Anda yang melahirkan prematur, dapat kami sampaikan bahwa aturan tersebut hanya dapat diterapkan kepada pekerja/buruh perempuan yang mengalami keguguran. Artinya, perusahaan tidak dapat memberikan hak cuti keguguran yaitu 1,5 bulan kepada rekan Anda, karena peristiwa yang rekan Anda alami adalah persalinan, bukan keguguran. Baca juga: **[Aturan Cuti Haid, Cuti Melahirkan, dan Cuti Keguguran](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/aturan-cuti-haid--cuti-melahirkan--dan-cuti-keguguran-cl3890?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=aturan_cuti_haid)** ### **Langkah Hukum Pekerja Perempuan Jika Tak Dapat Cuti Melahirkan** Apabila perusahaan tetap menerapkan aturan pemberian cuti keguguran terhadap pekerja perempuan yang melahirkan secara prematur, maka [peraturan perusahaan](https://www.hukumonline.com/kamus/p/peraturan-perusahaan) tersebut melanggar Pasal 82 ayat (1) UU Ketenagakerjaan. Ketentuan dalam peraturan perusahaan pada dasarnya tidak boleh bertentangan dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Apabila peraturan perusahaan bertentangan dengan peraturan perundang-undangan, maka yang berlaku adalah ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) Selanjutnya, rekan Anda dapat melakukan upaya penyelesaian secara bipartit yaitu rekan Anda mengajukan keberatan atau perundingan kepada perusahaan secara musyawarah mufakat.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) Apabila upaya tersebut gagal, dapat dilanjutkan dengan upaya tripartit, yakni upaya penyelesaian dengan melibatkan mediator dari Dinas Ketenagakerjaan.[\[6\]](#_ftn6) Jika upaya tripartit tidak membuahkan hasil, maka pihak-pihak dapat mengajukan gugatan [perselisihan hak](https://www.hukumonline.com/kamus/p/perselisihan-hak) kepada Pengadilan Hubungan Industrial. Selengkapnya mengenai mekanisme penyelesaian perselisihan antara pekerja dan pengusaha dapat Anda baca dalam artikel **[3 Mekanisme Penyelesaian Perselisihan Hubungan Industrial](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/3-mekanisme-penyelesaian-perselisihan-hubungan-industrial-lt4b82643d06be9?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=3_mekanisme_penyelesaian).** Demikian jawaban dari kami tentang aturan cuti melahirkan prematur, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan; [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13146/undangundang-nomor-13-tahun-2003/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_13_2003) Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2004 tentang Penyelesaian Perselisihan Hubungan Industrial [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17858/undangundang-nomor-2-tahun-2004/document?utm_medium=internal_link_klinik?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_2_2004) Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang tentang Cipta Kerja Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022) Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023 [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6427eaaee8a1f/undang-undang-nomor-6-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_6_2023) REFERENSI --------- 1. Ike Sri Wahyuni, Farida Kartini, dan Abkar Raden. _Dampak Kejadian Pasca Abortus Spontan pada Ibu Hamil._ Jurnal Kesehatan, Vol. 13 No. 1 (2022); 2. Sriyana Herman dan Hermanto Tri Joewono. _Buku Acuan Persalinan Kurang Bulan (Prematur)._ Kendari: Yayasan Avicenna Kendari, 2020. * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Ike Sri Wahyuni, Farida Kartini, dan Abkar Raden, _Dampak Kejadian Pasca Abortus Spontan pada Ibu Hamil,_ Jurnal Kesehatan, Vol. 13 No. 1 (2022), hal. 91 – 92 [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Sriyana Herman dan Hermanto Tri Joewono, _Buku Acuan Persalinan Kurang Bulan (Prematur),_ Kendari: Yayasan Avicenna Kendari, 2020, hal. 20 [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Penjelasan Pasal 82 ayat (1) [Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13146/undangundang-nomor-13-tahun-2003/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_13_2003) (“UU Ketenagakerjaan”) [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 111 ayat (2) UU Ketenagakerjaan dan penjelasannya. [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Pasal 3 ayat (1) [Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2004 tentang Penyelesaian Perselisihan Hubungan Industrial](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17858/undangundang-nomor-2-tahun-2004/document?utm_medium=internal_link_klinik?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_2_2004) (“UU PPHI”) [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Pasal 8 UU PPHI Tags ---- [cuti](/tag/cuti) [cuti melahirkan](/tag/cuti-melahirkan) [hukum ketenagakerjaan](/tag/hukum-ketenagakerjaan) [ketenagakerjaan](/tag/ketenagakerjaan) [perselisihan hubungan industrial](/tag/perselisihan-hubungan-industrial) [uu ketenagakerjaan](/tag/uu-ketenagakerjaan)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul Apakah Konsultan Hukum Non-Litigasi Juga Harus Punya Izin? yang dibuat oleh Diana Kusumasari, S.H., M.H. dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Selasa, 2 Agustus 2011. Jasa Hukum oleh AdvokatSebelum menjawab pertanyaan Anda, perlu diketahui definisi advokat dan jasa hukum berdasarkan UU Advokat. Advokat adalah orang yang berprofesi memberi jasa hukum, baik di dalam maupun di luar pengadilan yang memenuhi persyaratan berdasarkan ketentuan undang-undang ini.[1]Kemudian yang dimaksud dengan jasa hukum adalah jasa yang diberikan advokat berupa memberikan konsultasi hukum, bantuan hukum, menjalankan kuasa, mewakili, mendampingi, membela, dan melakukan tindakan hukum lain untuk kepentingan hukum klien.[2]Berdasarkan pengertian di atas, yang seharusnya dapat memberikan jasa hukum salah satunya dalam bentuk konsultasi hukum adalah advokat yang telah memenuhi persyaratan berdasarkan UU Advokat.Selanjutnya perlu Anda ketahui sebelumnya, Pasal 31 UU Advokat mengatur apabila suatu pekerjaan profesi advokat dilakukan oleh seseorang yang bukan advokat, ia dapat dikenakan sanksi pidana penjara paling lama 5 tahun dan denda paling banyak Rp50 juta.Namun kemudian berdasarkan Putusan MK No. 006/PUU-II/2004 menyatakan bahwa Pasal 31 UU Advokat tersebut bertentangan dengan UUD 1945 dan tidak mempunyai kekuatan hukum mengikat.Pertimbangannya antara lain Pasal 28F UUD 1945 mengatur setiap orang berhak berkomunikasi dan memperoleh informasi untuk mengembangkan pribadi dan lingkungan sosialnya, serta berhak untuk mencari, memperoleh, memiliki, menyimpan, mengolah, dan menyampaikan informasi dengan menggunakan segala jenis saluran yang tersedia. Seseorang yang memerlukan jasa hukum di luar pengadilan pada hakikatnya adalah ingin memperoleh informasi hukum dan dijamin oleh Pasal 28F UUD 1945. Adalah menjadi hak seseorang untuk memilih sumber informasi yang dipandangnya tepat dan terpercaya.Pasal 31 jo. Pasal 1 angka 1 UU Advokat membatasi kebebasan seseorang untuk memilih sumber informasi karena seseorang yang melakukan konsultasi hukum di luar pengadilan hanya dibenarkan apabila sumber informasi tersebut adalah seorang advokat. Jika seseorang bukan advokat memberikan informasi hukum, terhadapnya dapat diancam hukuman. Pencari informasi akan sangat terbatas dalam memilih sumber informasi karena yang bukan advokat terhalang untuk memberikan informasi.Menimbang pula bahwa UU Advokat sebagai undang-undang yang mengatur profesi tidak boleh dimaksudkan sebagai sarana legalisasi dan legitimasi bahwa yang boleh tampil di depan pengadilan hanya advokat karena hal demikian harus diatur dalam hukum acara.Padahal hukum acara yang berlaku saat ini tidak atau belum mewajibkan pihak-pihak yang berperkara untuk tampil dengan menggunakan pengacara (verplichte procureurstelling). Oleh karena itu, menurut hukum acara maka pihak lain di luar advokat tidak boleh dilarang untuk tampil mewakili pihak yang berperkara di depan pengadilan. Hal ini juga sesuai dengan kondisi riil masyarakat saat ini di mana jumlah advokat sangat tidak sebanding, dan tidak merata, dibandingkan dengan luas wilayah dan jumlah penduduk yang memerlukan jasa hukum. Konsultasi Hukum oleh Non AdvokatDi samping itu, sebenarnya dimungkinkan keterlibatan non advokat untuk memberikan jasa hukum berupa bantuan hukum secara cuma-cuma kepada orang atau kelompok orang miskin. Pemberi bantuan hukum adalah lembaga bantuan hukum atau organisasi kemasyarakatan yang memberi layanan bantuan hukum.[3]Pelaksanaan bantuan hukum dilakukan oleh pemberi bantuan hukum yang telah memenuhi syarat meliputi:[4]berbadan hukum;terakreditasi berdasarkan UU 16/2011;memiliki kantor atau sekretariat yang tetap;memiliki pengurus; danmemiliki program bantuan hukum.Kembali ke pertanyaan, apakah konsultan hukum non litigasi seperti kantor Anda perlu ada izin? Kami berpendapat perlu diperjelas terlebih dahulu mengenai apa yang dimaksud konsultan hukum non litigasi ini bergerak di bidang apa. Misalnya untuk dapat diangkat sebagai anggota konsultan hukum di bidang pasar modal antara lain harus memiliki gelar sarjana hukum yang terakreditasi, terdaftar sebagai advokat, telah mengikuti program pendidikan profesi dengan jumlah minimal 30 satuan kredit profesi yang diselenggarakan Himpunan Konsultan Hukum Pasar Modal (“HKHPM”), dan mengikuti pendidikan dasar serta lulus ujian pendidikan dasar yang diselenggarakan HKHPM.[5]Sebagai tambahan informasi, terdapat pula Klasifikasi Baku Lapangan Usaha Indonesia (KBLI) nomor 70209 untuk aktivitas pengacara, dengan tingkat risiko menengah tinggi berada di bawah kewenangan Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia.[6]Menjawab pertanyaan selanjutnya, apa konsekuensinya jika suatu pendapat hukum diberikan oleh orang yang tidak memiliki latar belakang pendidikan hukum atau sarjana hukum? Kami berpendapat  dalam hal pemberian pendapat hukum yang kemudian tidak didasari oleh pendidikan yang memadai (tidak bergelar sarjana hukum) dan bukan merupakan advokat serta tidak memiliki lisensi khusus atau spesifik untuk bidang-bidang tertentu, dan kemudian pendapat hukum yang diberikan mendatangkan kerugian, maka yang bersangkutan dapat dituntut baik secara perdata (perbuatan melawan hukum) dan/atau secara pidana (penipuan).Dengan demikian, kami menyarankan untuk menjalankan kegiatan konsultasi hukum sudah seharusnya pimpinan Anda setidak-tidaknya adalah seorang advokat serta sebaiknya juga memiliki lisensi yang khusus atau spesifik untuk bidang-bidang tertentu. Dengan begitu kantor Anda sudah memberikan contoh kepatuhan terhadap hukum. Jika tidak, kami berpandangan bagaimana kantor Anda dapat memberikan jasa hukum sedangkan kantor Anda sebenarnya tidak menjalankan ketentuan hukum itu sendiri.Dinamisnya perkembangan regulasi seringkali menjadi tantangan Anda dalam memenuhi kewajiban hukum perusahaan. Selalu perbarui kewajiban hukum terkini dengan platform pemantauan kepatuhan hukum dari Hukumonline yang berbasis Artificial Intelligence, Regulatory Compliance System (RCS). Klik di sini untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut.Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. Dasar Hukum:Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945;Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2003 tentang Advokat;Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2011 tentang Bantuan Hukum;Keputusan Himpunan Konsultan Hukum Pasar Modal Nomor KEP.02/HKHPM/VIII/2018 tentang Standar Profesi Konsultan Hukum Pasar Modal sebagaimana diubah dengan Keputusan Himpunan Konsultan Hukum Pasar Modal Nomor KEP.03/HKHPM/XI/2021 Tahun 2021 tentang Perubahan Keputusan Himpunan Konsultan Hukum Pasar Modal Nomor KEP.02/HKHPM/VIII/2018 tentang Standar Profesi Konsultan Hukum Pasar Modal;Surat Edaran Menteri Investasi/Kepala Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal Nomor 17 Tahun 2021 tentang Peralihan Penyelenggaraan Perizinan Berusaha Menjadi Penyelenggaraan Perizinan Berbasis Risiko Melalui Sistem OSS. Putusan:Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 006/PUU-II/2004.[1] Pasal 1 angka 1 Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2003 tentang Advokat (“UU Advokat”)[2] Pasal 1 angka 2 UU Advokat[3] Pasal 1 angka 3 Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2011 tentang Bantuan Hukum (“UU 16/2011”)[4] Pasal 8 UU 16/2011[5] Pasal 1 Lampiran Keputusan Himpunan Konsultan Hukum Pasar Modal Nomor KEP.03/HKHPM/XI/2021 Tahun 2021 tentang Perubahan Keputusan Himpunan Konsultan Hukum Pasar Modal Nomor KEP.02/HKHPM/VIII/2018 tentang Standar Profesi Konsultan Hukum Pasar Modal[6] Lampiran Surat Edaran Menteri Investasi/Kepala Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal Nomor 17 Tahun 2021 tentang Peralihan Penyelenggaraan Perizinan Berusaha Menjadi Penyelenggaraan Perizinan Berbasis Risiko Melalui Sistem OSS, hal. 11Tagsadvokatkonsultan hukumlitigasipengacara
Saya telah bekerja 1 tahun pada kantor konsultan hukum. Kantor saya bergerak di bidang non litigasi, sehingga sejak berdirinya kantor hingga saat ini tidak ada konsultan yang memiliki izin advokat karena dirasakan tidak perlu. Yang ingin saya tanyakan: Apakah konsultan hukum non litigasi seperti kantor saya perlu ada izin? Apa konsekuensi apabila ternyata suatu pendapat hukum diberikan oleh orang yang tidak memiliki latar belakang pendidikan hukum (S.H.)? Jalan keluar apa yang dirasakan paling baik untuk menangani permasalahan di kantor kami ini?   Terima kasih.
Jasa hukum adalah jasa yang diberikan advokat berupa memberikan konsultasi hukum, bantuan hukum, menjalankan kuasa, mewakili, mendampingi, membela, dan melakukan tindakan hukum lain untuk kepentingan hukum klien. Lalu bagaimana dengan kasus Anda apakah memberikan konsultasi hukum non litigasi haruslah seorang advokat?   Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Baca Tips Ini Sebelum Menggunakan Karya Cipta Milik Umum28 Feb 2023Cara Upload Terjemahan Novel Agar Tak Langgar Hak Cipta20 Okt 2022Begini Cara Hitung Upah Lembur Pada Hari Raya Keagamaan12 Apr 2023Baca Tips Ini Sebelum Menggunakan Karya Cipta Milik Umum28 Feb 2023Cara Upload Terjemahan Novel Agar Tak Langgar Hak Cipta20 Okt 2022Begini Cara Hitung Upah Lembur Pada Hari Raya Keagamaan12 Apr 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/konsultan-hukum-non-litigasi-haruskah-advokat-cl3035/
Konsultan Hukum Non Litigasi Haruskah Advokat?
pages/148/page-4.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul _Apakah Konsultan Hukum Non-Litigasi Juga Harus Punya Izin?_ yang dibuat oleh** [**Diana Kusumasari, S.H., M.H.**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/diana-kusumasari--sh--mh-lt4d37c414e08df) **dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Selasa, 2 Agustus 2011.** ### **Jasa Hukum oleh Advokat** Sebelum menjawab pertanyaan Anda, perlu diketahui definisi advokat dan jasa hukum berdasarkan [UU Advokat](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13147/undangundang-nomor-18-tahun-2003/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_18_2003). Advokat adalah orang yang berprofesi memberi jasa hukum, baik di dalam maupun di luar pengadilan yang memenuhi persyaratan berdasarkan ketentuan undang-undang ini.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Kemudian yang dimaksud dengan jasa hukum adalah jasa yang diberikan advokat berupa memberikan konsultasi hukum, bantuan hukum, menjalankan kuasa, mewakili, mendampingi, membela, dan melakukan tindakan hukum lain untuk kepentingan hukum klien.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Berdasarkan pengertian di atas, yang seharusnya dapat memberikan jasa hukum salah satunya dalam bentuk konsultasi hukum adalah advokat yang telah memenuhi persyaratan berdasarkan UU Advokat. Selanjutnya perlu Anda ketahui sebelumnya, **Pasal 31 UU Advokat** mengatur apabila suatu pekerjaan profesi advokat dilakukan oleh seseorang yang bukan advokat, ia dapat dikenakan sanksi pidana penjara paling lama 5 tahun dan denda paling banyak Rp50 juta. Namun kemudian berdasarkan [**Putusan MK No. 006/PUU-II/2004**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/20541/node/653/putusan-mahkamah-konstitusi-perkara-nomor-006puuii2004-tahun-2004?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=MK_6_2004) menyatakan bahwa Pasal 31 UU Advokat tersebut bertentangan dengan UUD 1945 dan tidak mempunyai kekuatan hukum mengikat. Pertimbangannya antara lain **Pasal 28F [UUD 1945](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4ca2eb6dd2834/undang-undang-dasar-1945?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UUD_1945)** mengatur setiap orang berhak berkomunikasi dan memperoleh informasi untuk mengembangkan pribadi dan lingkungan sosialnya, serta berhak untuk mencari, memperoleh, memiliki, menyimpan, mengolah, dan menyampaikan informasi dengan menggunakan segala jenis saluran yang tersedia. Seseorang yang memerlukan jasa hukum di luar pengadilan pada hakikatnya adalah ingin memperoleh informasi hukum dan dijamin oleh Pasal 28F UUD 1945. Adalah menjadi hak seseorang untuk memilih sumber informasi yang dipandangnya tepat dan terpercaya. **Pasal 31 _jo._ Pasal 1 angka 1 UU Advokat** membatasi kebebasan seseorang untuk memilih sumber informasi karena seseorang yang melakukan konsultasi hukum di luar pengadilan hanya dibenarkan apabila sumber informasi tersebut adalah seorang advokat. Jika seseorang bukan advokat memberikan informasi hukum, terhadapnya dapat diancam hukuman. Pencari informasi akan sangat terbatas dalam memilih sumber informasi karena yang bukan advokat terhalang untuk memberikan informasi. Menimbang pula bahwa UU Advokat sebagai undang-undang yang mengatur profesi tidak boleh dimaksudkan sebagai sarana legalisasi dan legitimasi bahwa yang boleh tampil di depan pengadilan hanya advokat karena hal demikian harus diatur dalam hukum acara. Padahal hukum acara yang berlaku saat ini tidak atau belum mewajibkan pihak-pihak yang berperkara untuk tampil dengan menggunakan pengacara (_verplichte procureurstelling_). Oleh karena itu, menurut hukum acara maka pihak lain di luar advokat tidak boleh dilarang untuk tampil mewakili pihak yang berperkara di depan pengadilan. Hal ini juga sesuai dengan kondisi riil masyarakat saat ini di mana jumlah advokat sangat tidak sebanding, dan tidak merata, dibandingkan dengan luas wilayah dan jumlah penduduk yang memerlukan jasa hukum. ### **Konsultasi Hukum oleh Non Advokat** Di samping itu, sebenarnya dimungkinkan keterlibatan non advokat untuk memberikan jasa hukum berupa bantuan hukum secara cuma-cuma kepada orang atau kelompok orang miskin. Pemberi bantuan hukum adalah lembaga bantuan hukum atau organisasi kemasyarakatan yang memberi layanan bantuan hukum.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Pelaksanaan bantuan hukum dilakukan oleh pemberi bantuan hukum yang telah memenuhi syarat meliputi:[\[4\]](#_ftn4) 1. berbadan hukum; 2. terakreditasi berdasarkan [UU 16/2011](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4ed719a7bf5cb/undangundang-nomor-16-tahun-2011?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_16_2011); 3. memiliki kantor atau sekretariat yang tetap; 4. memiliki pengurus; dan 5. memiliki program bantuan hukum. Kembali ke pertanyaan, apakah konsultan hukum non litigasi seperti kantor Anda perlu ada izin? Kami berpendapat perlu diperjelas terlebih dahulu mengenai apa yang dimaksud konsultan hukum non litigasi ini bergerak di bidang apa. Misalnya untuk dapat diangkat sebagai anggota konsultan hukum di bidang pasar modal antara lain harus memiliki gelar sarjana hukum yang terakreditasi, terdaftar sebagai advokat, telah mengikuti program pendidikan profesi dengan jumlah minimal 30 satuan kredit profesi yang diselenggarakan Himpunan Konsultan Hukum Pasar Modal (“HKHPM”), dan mengikuti pendidikan dasar serta lulus ujian pendidikan dasar yang diselenggarakan HKHPM.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) Sebagai tambahan informasi, terdapat pula Klasifikasi Baku Lapangan Usaha Indonesia (KBLI) nomor 70209 untuk aktivitas pengacara, dengan tingkat risiko menengah tinggi berada di bawah kewenangan Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia.[\[6\]](#_ftn6) Menjawab pertanyaan selanjutnya, apa konsekuensinya jika suatu pendapat hukum diberikan oleh orang yang tidak memiliki latar belakang pendidikan hukum atau sarjana hukum? Kami berpendapat  dalam hal pemberian pendapat hukum yang kemudian tidak didasari oleh pendidikan yang memadai (tidak bergelar sarjana hukum) dan bukan merupakan advokat serta tidak memiliki lisensi khusus atau spesifik untuk bidang-bidang tertentu, dan kemudian pendapat hukum yang diberikan mendatangkan kerugian, maka yang bersangkutan dapat dituntut baik secara perdata ([perbuatan melawan hukum](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/contoh-perbuatan-melawan-hukum-lt631ae19d07879?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=contoh_perbuatan_melawan_hukum)) dan/atau secara pidana ([penipuan](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/perbedaan-penipuan-dan-penggelapan-lt4ceb3048897ea?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=penipuan_penggelapan)). Dengan demikian, kami menyarankan untuk menjalankan kegiatan konsultasi hukum sudah seharusnya pimpinan Anda setidak-tidaknya adalah seorang advokat serta sebaiknya juga memiliki lisensi yang khusus atau spesifik untuk bidang-bidang tertentu. Dengan begitu kantor Anda sudah memberikan contoh kepatuhan terhadap hukum. Jika tidak, kami berpandangan bagaimana kantor Anda dapat memberikan jasa hukum sedangkan kantor Anda sebenarnya tidak menjalankan ketentuan hukum itu sendiri. Dinamisnya perkembangan regulasi seringkali menjadi tantangan Anda dalam memenuhi kewajiban hukum perusahaan. Selalu perbarui kewajiban hukum terkini dengan platform pemantauan kepatuhan hukum dari Hukumonline yang berbasis Artificial Intelligence, Regulatory Compliance System (RCS). Klik **[di sini](https://rcs.hukumonline.com/?utm_source=Google&utm_medium=Banner&utm_campaign=RCSKlinikHukum-LandingPage)** untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut. Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. Dasar Hukum: 1. [Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4ca2eb6dd2834/undang-undang-dasar-1945?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UUD_1945); 2. [Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2003 tentang Advokat](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13147/undangundang-nomor-18-tahun-2003/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_18_2003); 3. [Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2011 tentang Bantuan Hukum](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4ed719a7bf5cb/undangundang-nomor-16-tahun-2011?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_16_2011); 4. [Keputusan Himpunan Konsultan Hukum Pasar Modal Nomor KEP.02/HKHPM/VIII/2018 tentang Standar Profesi Konsultan Hukum Pasar Modal](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5d070aa76e84c/keputusan-himpunan-konsultan-hukum-pasar-modal-nomor-kep02-hkhpm-viii-2018-tahun-2018/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=hkhpm_2_2018) sebagaimana diubah dengan [Keputusan Himpunan Konsultan Hukum Pasar Modal Nomor KEP.03/HKHPM/XI/2021 Tahun 2021 tentang Perubahan Keputusan Himpunan Konsultan Hukum Pasar Modal Nomor KEP.02/HKHPM/VIII/2018 tentang Standar Profesi Konsultan Hukum Pasar Modal](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt641d1e0eda217/keputusan-himpunan-konsultan-hukum-pasar-modal-nomor-kep03-hkhpm-xi-2021-tahun-2021/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=hkhpm_3_2021); 5. [Surat Edaran Menteri Investasi/Kepala Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal Nomor 17 Tahun 2021 tentang Peralihan Penyelenggaraan Perizinan Berusaha Menjadi Penyelenggaraan Perizinan Berbasis Risiko Melalui Sistem OSS](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6100df2d67c58/surat-edaran-menteri-investasi-kepala-badan-koordinasi-penanaman-modal-nomor-17-tahun-2021/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=se_bkpm_17_2021). Putusan: [Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 006/PUU-II/2004](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/20541/node/653/putusan-mahkamah-konstitusi-perkara-nomor-006puuii2004-tahun-2004?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=MK_6_2004). * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Pasal 1 angka 1 [Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2003 tentang Advokat](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13147/undangundang-nomor-18-tahun-2003/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_18_2003) (“UU Advokat”) [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal 1 angka 2 UU Advokat [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 1 angka 3 [Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2011 tentang Bantuan Hukum](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4ed719a7bf5cb/undangundang-nomor-16-tahun-2011?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_16_2011) (“UU 16/2011”) [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 8 UU 16/2011 [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Pasal 1 Lampiran [Keputusan Himpunan Konsultan Hukum Pasar Modal Nomor KEP.03/HKHPM/XI/2021 Tahun 2021 tentang Perubahan Keputusan Himpunan Konsultan Hukum Pasar Modal Nomor KEP.02/HKHPM/VIII/2018 tentang Standar Profesi Konsultan Hukum Pasar Modal](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt641d1e0eda217/keputusan-himpunan-konsultan-hukum-pasar-modal-nomor-kep03-hkhpm-xi-2021-tahun-2021/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=hkhpm_3_2021) [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Lampiran [Surat Edaran Menteri Investasi/Kepala Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal Nomor 17 Tahun 2021 tentang Peralihan Penyelenggaraan Perizinan Berusaha Menjadi Penyelenggaraan Perizinan Berbasis Risiko Melalui Sistem OSS](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6100df2d67c58/surat-edaran-menteri-investasi-kepala-badan-koordinasi-penanaman-modal-nomor-17-tahun-2021/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=se_bkpm_17_2021), hal. 11 Tags ---- [advokat](/tag/advokat) [konsultan hukum](/tag/konsultan-hukum) [litigasi](/tag/litigasi) [pengacara](/tag/pengacara)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul Masa Daluarsa Penagihan Utang yang dibuat oleh Bimo Prasetio, S.H., dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Senin, 23 Juli 2012.KLINIK TERKAITTak Bayar Utang, Ranah Hukum Perdata atau Pidana?24 Agt 2023Bagaimana Cara Membuat Surat Gugatan Perdata?03 Agt 202310 Asas Hukum Acara Perdata, Anak Hukum Wajib Tahu!02 Mar 2023Catat! Ini 2 Macam Upaya Hukum Perdata22 Feb 2023Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.Pengertian DaluwarsaSebelum menjawab pertanyaan Anda, akan kami jelaskan terlebih dahulu pengertian dari daluwarsa (verjaring). Dalam Pasal 1946 KUH Perdata disebutkan bahwa, daluwarsa atau lewat waktu adalah suatu sarana hukum untuk memperoleh sesuatu atau suatu alasan untuk dibebaskan dari suatu perikatan dengan lewatnya suatu waktu tertentu dan dengan terpenuhinya syarat-syarat yang ditentukan dalam undang-undang.Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Mengenai lewat waktu atau daluwarsa ini diatur dalam Pasal 1946 sampai dengan Pasal 1993 KUH Perdata. Adapun, ketentuan mengenai daluwarsa yang menjadi alasan untuk dibebaskan dari suatu kewajiban diatur secara rinci pada Pasal 1967 s.d. 1977 KUH Perdata.Jangka Waktu Daluwarsa dalam KUH PerdataMenurut Pasal 1967 KUH Perdata, semua tuntutan hukum, baik yang bersifat kebendaan maupun yang bersifat perorangan, hapus karena lewat waktu dengan lewatnya waktu 30 tahun, sedangkan orang yang menunjuk adanya lewat waktu itu, tidak usah menunjukkan suatu alas hak, dan terhadapnya tak dapat diajukan suatu tangkisan yang didasarkan pada iktikad buruk.Dengan lewatnya waktu 30 tahun itu maka hapuslah perikatan hukum dan tinggallah perikatan bebas (natuurlijk verbintenis), yaitu suatu perikatan yang boleh dipenuhi oleh debitur, tetapi tidak dapat dituntut oleh kreditur melalui pengadilan.[1]Lebih rinci diatur dalam KUH Perdata mengenai daluwarsa yang mengakibatnya seseorang dibebaskan dari perikatan, yaitu:Pasal 1968 KUH Perdata, tuntutan para ahli dan pengajar, tuntutan para penguasa rumah penginapan, rumah makan, tuntutan buruh akan daluwarsa dengan lewatnya 1 tahun.Pasal 1969 KUH Perdata, tuntutan para dokter dan ahli obat-obatan, tuntutan para juru sita, tuntutan para pengelola sekolah berasrama, tuntutan pada buruh akan daluwarsa dengan lewatnya 2 tahun.Pasal 1970 KUH Perdata, tuntutan para advokat untuk pembayaran jasa mereka dan tuntutan para pengacara untuk pembayaran persekot dan upah mereka, hapus karena lewat waktu 2 tahun, terhitung sejak hari diputusnya perkara, hari tercapainya perdamaian antara pihak-pihak yang berperkara, atau hari dicabutnya kuasa pengacara itu. Dalam hal perkara yang tidak selesai, tak dapat mereka menuntut pembayaran persekot dan jasa yang telah ditunggak lebih dari 10 tahun. Tuntutan para notaris untuk pembayaran persekot dan upah mereka, lewat waktu juga dengan lewatnya waktu 2 tahun, terhitung sejak hari dibuatnya akta yang bersangkutan.Pasal 1971 KUH Perdata, tuntutan tukang kayu, tukang batu, tukang lain, tuntutan para pengusaha toko, daluwarsa dengan lewatnya waktu 5 tahun.Pencegahan Daluwarsa dalam KUH PerdataDaluwarsa dapat dicegah dalam keadaan tertentu sebagaimana disebutkan dalam Pasal 1978 s.d. 1985 KUH Perdata, yaitu:Bila pemanfaatan barang itu dirampas selama lebih dari 1 tahun dari tangan orang yang menguasainya, baik oleh pemiliknya semula maupun oleh pihak ketiga.[2]Dicegah dengan suatu peringatan, suatu gugatan, dan tiap perbuatan-perbuatan berupa tuntutan hukum, masing-masing dengan pemberitahuan dalam bentuk yang telah ditentukan, ditandatangani oleh pejabat yang berwenang dalam hal itu atas nama pihak yang berhak, dan disampaikan kepada orang yang berhak dicegah memperoleh daluwarsa itu.[3]Gugatan di muka hakim yang tidak berkuasa.[4]Pengakuan akan hak seseorang yang terhadapnya daluwarsa berjalan, yang diberikan dengan kata-kata atau dengan perbuatan oleh orang yang menguasainya atau debitur.[5]Pemberitahuan menurut Pasal 1979 KUH Perdata kepada salah seorang debitur dalam perikatan tanggung menanggung, atau pengakuan orang tersebut, mencegah daluwarsa terhadap para debitur lain, bahkan pula terhadap para ahli waris mereka.[6]  Pemberitahuan yang dilakukan kepada debitur utama atau pengakuan yang diberikan oleh debitur utama mencegah lewat waktu terhadap penanggung utang.[7]Pencegahan lewat waktu yang dilakukan oleh salah seorang kreditur dalam suatu perikatan tanggung menanggung berlaku bagi semua kreditur lainnya.[8]Sebab-sebab yang Menangguhkan Daluwarsa dalam KUH PerdataSelanjutnya, terdapat sebab-sebab yang menangguhkan daluwarsa, yaitu:Daluwarsa berlaku terhadap siapa saja, kecuali terhadap mereka yang dikecualikan oleh undang-undang.[9]Daluwarsa tidak dapat mulai berlaku terhadap anak-anak yang belum dewasa dan orang-orang yang ada di bawah pengampuan, kecuali dalam hal-hal yang ditentukan undang-undang.[10]Daluwarsa tidak dapat terjadi di antara suami istri.[11]Daluwarsa tidak berlaku terhadap seorang istri selama ia berada dalam status perkawinan:[12]bila tuntutan istri tidak dapat diteruskan, kecuali setelah ia memilih akan menerima persatuan atau akan melepaskannya;bila suami, karena menjual barang milik pribadi istri tanpa persetujuannya, harus menanggung penjualan itu, dan tuntutan istri harus ditujukan kepada suami.Daluwarsa tidak berjalan terhadap piutang yang bersyarat, selama syarat ini tidak dipenuhi. Dalam hal suatu perkara untuk menanggung suatu penjualan, selama belum ada putusan untuk menyerahkan barang yang bersangkutan kepada orang lain. Terhadap suatu piutang yang baru dapat ditagih pada hari yang telah ditentukan, selama hari itu belum tiba.[13]Terhadap seorang ahli waris yang telah menerima suatu warisan dengan hak istimewa untuk membuat pendaftaran harta peninggalan, tidak dapat dikenakan lewat waktu mengenai piutang-piutangnya terhadap harta peninggalan. Daluwarsa  berlaku terhadap suatu warisan yang tak terurus, meskipun tidak ada pengampu warisan itu.[14]Daluwarsa itu berlaku selama ahli waris masih mengadakan perundingan mengenai warisannya.[15]Dengan demikian, menjawab pertanyaan Anda, berapa tahun utang bisa kedaluarsa atau daluwarsa? Jawabannya adalah 30 tahun, kecuali yang diatur rinci dalam KUH Perdata. Lewat dari masa daluwarsa 30 tahun, maka piutang tidak dapat dituntut di pengadilan, namun debitur tetap boleh memenuhi perikatan yaitu membayar utangnya.Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat.DASAR HUKUMKitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata.REFERENSIRiduan Syahrani. Seluk Beluk dan Asas Hukum Perdata. Bandung: Alumni, 1989.[1] Riduan Syahrani, Seluk Beluk dan Asas Hukum Perdata, Bandung: Alumni, 1989, hal. 299[2] Pasal 1978 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata (“KUH Perdata”)[3] Pasal 1979 KUH Perdata[4] Pasal 1980 KUH Perdata[5] Pasal 1982 KUH Perdata[6] Pasal 1983 KUH Perdata[7] Pasal 1984 KUH Perdata[8] Pasal 1985 KUH Perdata[9] Pasal 1986 KUH Perdata[10] Pasal 1987 KUH Perdata[11] Pasal 1988 KUH Perdata[12] Pasal 1989 KUH Perdata[13] Pasal 1990 KUH Perdata[14] Pasal 1991 KUH Perdata[15] Pasal 1992 KUH PerdataTagsdaluwarsahukum perikatankedaluwarsakuh perdataperikatanutang
Apakah sebuah piutang mempunyai masa daluarsa untuk ditagihkan menurut hukum?
Dalam KUH Perdata, dikenal adanya masa daluwarsa atau lewat waktu dalam suatu perikatan. Lewat waktu adalah suatu sarana hukum untuk memperoleh sesuatu atau suatu alasan untuk dibebaskan dari suatu perikatan dengan lewatnya suatu waktu tertentu dan dengan terpenuhinya syarat-syarat yang ditentukan dalam undang-undang. Lantas, berapa lama waktu daluwarsa utang piutang? Adakah pencegahan dan penangguhan daluwarsa? Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Tak Bayar Utang, Ranah Hukum Perdata atau Pidana?24 Agt 2023Bagaimana Cara Membuat Surat Gugatan Perdata?03 Agt 202310 Asas Hukum Acara Perdata, Anak Hukum Wajib Tahu!02 Mar 2023Catat! Ini 2 Macam Upaya Hukum Perdata22 Feb 2023Tak Bayar Utang, Ranah Hukum Perdata atau Pidana?24 Agt 2023Bagaimana Cara Membuat Surat Gugatan Perdata?03 Agt 202310 Asas Hukum Acara Perdata, Anak Hukum Wajib Tahu!02 Mar 2023Catat! Ini 2 Macam Upaya Hukum Perdata22 Feb 2023Perhatikan Ini Sebelum Tanda Tangan Kontrak Kerja20 Mar 2023Simak! Ini 5 Langkah Merger PT 22 Mei 2023Syarat dan Prosedur Hibah Saham11 Okt 2022Perhatikan Ini Sebelum Tanda Tangan Kontrak Kerja20 Mar 2023Simak! Ini 5 Langkah Merger PT 22 Mei 2023Syarat dan Prosedur Hibah Saham11 Okt 2022
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/adakah-masa-daluwarsa-untuk-menagih-utang-lt4ff546e380ca3/
Adakah Masa Daluwarsa untuk Menagih Utang?
pages/148/page-5.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul _Masa Daluarsa Penagihan Utang_ yang dibuat oleh [Bimo Prasetio, S.H.](hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/adisuryo-prasetio-co--lt4dedde6b338ff/bimo-prasetio--sh-lt4fcd7df884a88/), dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Senin, 23 Juli 2012.** ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Tak Bayar Utang, Ranah Hukum Perdata atau Pidana? ](/klinik/a/tak-bayar-utang--ranah-hukum-perdata-atau-pidana-lt4ccae165e39e9/) ![Tak Bayar Utang, Ranah Hukum Perdata atau Pidana?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt4ccae165e39e9/thumbnail_lt639c2cfc473ec.jpg) 24 Agt 2023 [ #### Bagaimana Cara Membuat Surat Gugatan Perdata? ](/klinik/a/surat-gugatan-perdata-cl2871/) ![Bagaimana Cara Membuat Surat Gugatan Perdata?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/cl2871/thumbnail_lt6307378a83f0b.jpg) 03 Agt 2023 [ #### 10 Asas Hukum Acara Perdata, Anak Hukum Wajib Tahu! ](/klinik/a/asas-hukum-acara-perdata-lt62ac05c59f6cb/) ![10 Asas Hukum Acara Perdata, Anak Hukum Wajib Tahu!](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt62ac05c59f6cb/thumbnail_lt62ac094230050.jpg) 02 Mar 2023 [ #### Catat! Ini 2 Macam Upaya Hukum Perdata ](/klinik/a/catat-ini-2-macam-upaya-hukum-perdata-lt63f6adcfdd1bf/) ![Catat! Ini 2 Macam Upaya Hukum Perdata](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt63f6adcfdd1bf/thumbnail_lt63f6af5e5d553.jpg) 22 Feb 2023 [](#!) Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika)**.** ### **Pengertian Daluwarsa** Sebelum menjawab pertanyaan Anda, akan kami jelaskan terlebih dahulu pengertian dari daluwarsa (_verjaring)_. Dalam **Pasal 1946 [KUH Perdata](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17229/node/686?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHPerdata)** disebutkan bahwa, daluwarsa atau **lewat waktu** adalah suatu **sarana hukum** **untuk memperoleh sesuatu atau suatu alasan untuk dibebaskan dari suatu perikatan** dengan lewatnya suatu waktu tertentu dan dengan terpenuhinya syarat-syarat yang ditentukan dalam undang-undang. Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Mengenai lewat waktu atau daluwarsa ini diatur dalam **Pasal 1946** sampai dengan Pasal **1993 KUH Perdata**. Adapun, ketentuan mengenai daluwarsa yang menjadi alasan untuk dibebaskan dari suatu kewajiban diatur secara rinci pada **Pasal 1967** s.d. **1977 KUH Perdata**. ### **Jangka Waktu Daluwarsa dalam KUH Perdata** Menurut Pasal 1967 KUH Perdata, semua tuntutan hukum, baik yang bersifat kebendaan maupun yang bersifat perorangan, hapus karena lewat waktu dengan **lewatnya waktu** **30 tahun,** sedangkan orang yang menunjuk adanya lewat waktu itu, tidak usah menunjukkan suatu alas hak, dan terhadapnya tak dapat diajukan suatu tangkisan yang didasarkan pada iktikad buruk. Dengan lewatnya waktu 30 tahun itu maka hapuslah perikatan hukum dan tinggallah perikatan bebas (_natuurlijk verbintenis_), yaitu suatu perikatan yang boleh dipenuhi oleh debitur, tetapi tidak dapat dituntut oleh kreditur melalui pengadilan.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Lebih rinci diatur dalam KUH Perdata mengenai daluwarsa yang mengakibatnya seseorang dibebaskan dari perikatan, yaitu: 1. **Pasal 1968 KUH Perdata**, tuntutan para ahli dan pengajar, tuntutan para penguasa rumah penginapan, rumah makan, tuntutan buruh akan daluwarsa dengan lewatnya 1 tahun. 2. **Pasal 1969 KUH Perdata**, tuntutan para dokter dan ahli obat-obatan, tuntutan para juru sita, tuntutan para pengelola sekolah berasrama, tuntutan pada buruh akan daluwarsa dengan lewatnya 2 tahun. 3. **Pasal 1970 KUH Perdata**, tuntutan para advokat untuk pembayaran jasa mereka dan tuntutan para pengacara untuk pembayaran persekot dan upah mereka, hapus karena lewat waktu 2 tahun, terhitung sejak hari diputusnya perkara, hari tercapainya perdamaian antara pihak-pihak yang berperkara, atau hari dicabutnya kuasa pengacara itu. Dalam hal perkara yang tidak selesai, tak dapat mereka menuntut pembayaran persekot dan jasa yang telah ditunggak lebih dari 10 tahun. Tuntutan para notaris untuk pembayaran persekot dan upah mereka, lewat waktu juga dengan lewatnya waktu 2 tahun, terhitung sejak hari dibuatnya akta yang bersangkutan. 4. **Pasal 1971 KUH Perdata**, tuntutan tukang kayu, tukang batu, tukang lain, tuntutan para pengusaha toko, daluwarsa dengan lewatnya waktu 5 tahun. ### **Pencegahan Daluwarsa dalam KUH Perdata** Daluwarsa dapat dicegah dalam keadaan tertentu sebagaimana disebutkan dalam **Pasal 1978** s.d. **1985 KUH Perdata**, yaitu: 1. Bila pemanfaatan barang itu dirampas selama lebih dari 1 tahun dari tangan orang yang menguasainya, baik oleh pemiliknya semula maupun oleh pihak ketiga.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) 2. Dicegah dengan suatu peringatan, suatu gugatan, dan tiap perbuatan-perbuatan berupa tuntutan hukum, masing-masing dengan pemberitahuan dalam bentuk yang telah ditentukan, ditandatangani oleh pejabat yang berwenang dalam hal itu atas nama pihak yang berhak, dan disampaikan kepada orang yang berhak dicegah memperoleh daluwarsa itu.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) 3. Gugatan di muka hakim yang tidak berkuasa.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) 4. Pengakuan akan hak seseorang yang terhadapnya daluwarsa berjalan, yang diberikan dengan kata-kata atau dengan perbuatan oleh orang yang menguasainya atau debitur.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) 5. Pemberitahuan menurut **Pasal 1979 KUH Perdata** kepada salah seorang debitur dalam perikatan tanggung menanggung, atau pengakuan orang tersebut, mencegah daluwarsa terhadap para debitur lain, bahkan pula terhadap para ahli waris mereka.[\[6\]](#_ftn6)   6. Pemberitahuan yang dilakukan kepada debitur utama atau pengakuan yang diberikan oleh debitur utama mencegah lewat waktu terhadap penanggung utang.[\[7\]](#_ftn7) 7. Pencegahan lewat waktu yang dilakukan oleh salah seorang kreditur dalam suatu perikatan tanggung menanggung berlaku bagi semua kreditur lainnya.[\[8\]](#_ftn8) ### **Sebab-sebab yang Menangguhkan Daluwarsa dalam KUH Perdata** Selanjutnya, terdapat sebab-sebab yang menangguhkan daluwarsa, yaitu: 1. Daluwarsa berlaku terhadap siapa saja, kecuali terhadap mereka yang dikecualikan oleh undang-undang.[\[9\]](#_ftn9) 2. Daluwarsa tidak dapat mulai berlaku terhadap anak-anak yang belum dewasa dan orang-orang yang ada di bawah pengampuan, kecuali dalam hal-hal yang ditentukan undang-undang.[\[10\]](#_ftn10) 3. Daluwarsa tidak dapat terjadi di antara suami istri.[\[11\]](#_ftn11) 4. Daluwarsa tidak berlaku terhadap seorang istri selama ia berada dalam status perkawinan:[\[12\]](#_ftn12) 1. bila tuntutan istri tidak dapat diteruskan, kecuali setelah ia memilih akan menerima persatuan atau akan melepaskannya; 2. bila suami, karena menjual barang milik pribadi istri tanpa persetujuannya, harus menanggung penjualan itu, dan tuntutan istri harus ditujukan kepada suami. 5. Daluwarsa tidak berjalan terhadap piutang yang bersyarat, selama syarat ini tidak dipenuhi. Dalam hal suatu perkara untuk menanggung suatu penjualan, selama belum ada putusan untuk menyerahkan barang yang bersangkutan kepada orang lain. Terhadap suatu piutang yang baru dapat ditagih pada hari yang telah ditentukan, selama hari itu belum tiba.[\[13\]](#_ftn13) 6. Terhadap seorang ahli waris yang telah menerima suatu warisan dengan hak istimewa untuk membuat pendaftaran harta peninggalan, tidak dapat dikenakan lewat waktu mengenai piutang-piutangnya terhadap harta peninggalan. Daluwarsa  berlaku terhadap suatu warisan yang tak terurus, meskipun tidak ada pengampu warisan itu.[\[14\]](#_ftn14) 7. Daluwarsa itu berlaku selama ahli waris masih mengadakan perundingan mengenai warisannya.[\[15\]](#_ftn15) Dengan demikian, menjawab pertanyaan Anda, berapa tahun utang bisa kedaluarsa atau daluwarsa? Jawabannya adalah 30 tahun, kecuali yang diatur rinci dalam KUH Perdata. Lewat dari masa daluwarsa 30 tahun, maka piutang tidak dapat dituntut di pengadilan, namun debitur tetap boleh memenuhi perikatan yaitu membayar utangnya. Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- [Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata.](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17229/node/686?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHPerdata) REFERENSI --------- Riduan Syahrani. _Seluk Beluk dan Asas Hukum Perdata._ Bandung: Alumni, 1989. * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Riduan Syahrani, _Seluk Beluk dan Asas Hukum Perdata,_ Bandung: Alumni, 1989, hal. 299 [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal 1978 [Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17229/node/686?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHPerdata) (“KUH Perdata”) [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 1979 KUH Perdata [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 1980 KUH Perdata [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Pasal 1982 KUH Perdata [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Pasal 1983 KUH Perdata [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Pasal 1984 KUH Perdata [\[8\]](#_ftnref8) Pasal 1985 KUH Perdata [\[9\]](#_ftnref9) Pasal 1986 KUH Perdata [\[10\]](#_ftnref10) Pasal 1987 KUH Perdata [\[11\]](#_ftnref11) Pasal 1988 KUH Perdata [\[12\]](#_ftnref12) Pasal 1989 KUH Perdata [\[13\]](#_ftnref13) Pasal 1990 KUH Perdata [\[14\]](#_ftnref14) Pasal 1991 KUH Perdata [\[15\]](#_ftnref15) Pasal 1992 KUH Perdata Tags ---- [daluwarsa](/tag/daluwarsa) [hukum perikatan](/tag/hukum-perikatan) [kedaluwarsa](/tag/kedaluwarsa) [kuh perdata](/tag/kuh-perdata) [perikatan](/tag/perikatan) [utang](/tag/utang)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul Alih Status PMDN Menjadi PMA karena Pembelian Saham oleh WNA yang dibuat oleh Vania Natalie, S.H. dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Kamis, 21 Februari 2019. Yang Harus Dilakukan Jika PMDN Jadi PMABerdasarkan Pasal 5 ayat (3) UU Penanaman Modal, bentuk penanaman modal dalam negeri dan asing dapat dilakukan melalui:Mengambil bagian saham pada saat pendirian Perseroan Terbatas (PT);Membeli saham; danMelakukan cara lain sesuai dengan ketentuan perundang-undangan.Penanam modal asing adalah perseorangan warga negara asing, badan usaha asing, dan/atau pemerintah asing yang melakukan penanaman modal di wilayah negara Republik Indonesia.[1] Dengan kata lain, penanaman modal asing (“PMA”) adalah kegiatan menanam modal untuk melakukan usaha di wilayah negara Republik Indonesia yang dilakukan oleh penanam modal asing, baik yang menggunakan modal asing sepenuhnya maupun yang berpatungan dengan penanam modal dalam negeri.[2]Oleh karena itu, apabila terdapat percampuran modal antara modal dalam negeri dengan modal asing, maka perusahaan langsung dikategorikan sebagai perusahaan PMA.Pasal 15 UU Penanaman Modal kemudian menjelaskan mengenai kewajiban penanam modal, khususnya investor asing, yakni:[3]Menerapkan prinsip tata kelola perusahaan yang baik;Melaksanakan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaannya, yaitu tanggung jawab yang melekat pada setiap perusahaan penanaman modal untuk tetap menciptakan hubungan yang serasi, seimbang, dan sesuai dengan lingkungan, nilai, norma, dan budaya setempat;Membuat laporan tentang kegiatan penanaman modal dan menyampaikannya kepada Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal (“BKPM”), yang mana laporan memuat perkembangan penanaman modal dan kendala yang dihadapi penanam modal yang disampaikan secara berkala kepada BKPM dan pemerintah daerah yang bertanggung jawab di bidang penanaman modal;[4]Menghormati tradisi budaya masyarakat sekitar lokasi kegiatan usaha penanaman modal;Mematuhi semua ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan.Dalam hal berubahnya status perusahaan dari penanaman modal dalam negeri (“PMDN”) menjadi PMA, maka seharusnya perusahaan perlu melakukan penyesuaian data melalui perubahan anggaran dasar yang ditetapkan oleh Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham (RUPS).[5] Pasal 21 UU PT pun mengatur bahwa perubahan anggaran dasar harus disetujui oleh Menteri Hukum dan HAM.Selengkapnya mengenai prosedur perubahan anggaran dasar dapat Anda simak dalam artikel berjudul Bisakah Memasukkan Mobil Pribadi Jadi Aset PT?Selain itu, perusahaan juga perlu melakukan perubahan data perusahaan melalui OSS, sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 7 Permendag 76/2018. Jadi, setelah perusahaan melaporkan perubahan anggaran dasar perusahaan dan disetujui oleh Kementerian Hukum dan HAM, selanjutnya dapat melakukan penyesuaian Nomor Induk Berusaha (NIB) dan izin lainnya yang berkaitan dengan kegiatan usaha.Selanjutnya dengan adanya perubahan status perusahaan PMDN menjadi PMA juga memungkinkan adanya perubahan dalam kepengurusan perusahaan, sehingga diperlukan penyesuaian data pengurus dan penanggung jawab setelah berubahnya status perusahaan. Ketentuan Izin Tinggal WNA sebagai Pemegang SahamAdapun ketentuan izin tinggal bagi WNA yang melakukan penanaman modal diatur dalam Peraturan BKPM 4/2021. Izin Tinggal Terbatas (“ITAS”) bagi investor asing diberikan pada WNA yang melakukan PMA dengan nilai yang memenuhi syarat sebagai berikut:[6]sebagai pemegang saham dan menjabat sebagai direksi atau komisaris perusahaan dengan ketentuan kepemilikan saham paling sedikit Rp1 miliar atau yang setara dalam mata uang dollar Amerika Serikat yang tercantum dalam akta; atausebagai pemegang saham dan tidak menjabat sebagai direksi atau komisaris perusahaan dengan ketentuan kepemilikan saham paling sedikit Rp1,125 miliar atau yang setara dalam mata uang dollar Amerika Serikat yang tercantum dalam akta.Sedangkan Izin Tinggal Tetap (“ITAP”) diberikan pada WNA yang melakukan PMA dengan nilai yang memenuhi syarat sebagai berikut:[7]sebagai pemegang saham dan menjabat sebagai direksi atau komisaris perusahaan dengan ketentuan kepemilikan saham paling sedikit Rp1 miliar atau yang setara dalam mata uang dollar Amerika Serikat yang tercantum dalam akta; atausebagai pemegang saham dan tidak sebagai direksi atau komisaris perusahaan dengan ketentuan kepemilikan saham paling sedikit Rp10 miliar atau yang setara dalam mata uang dollar Amerika Serikat yang tercantum dalam akta.Dalam hal modal yang ditanamkan oleh WNA berjumlah kurang dari Rp1 miliar, maka WNA wajib menggunakan ITAS atau ITAP. Dalam pengurusannya, wajib disampaikan permohonan izin penggunaan tenaga kerja asing kepada Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan terlebih dahulu.[8]Dinamisnya perkembangan regulasi seringkali menjadi tantangan Anda dalam memenuhi kewajiban hukum perusahaan. Selalu perbarui kewajiban hukum terkini dengan platform pemantauan kepatuhan hukum dari Hukumonline yang berbasis Artificial Intelligence, Regulatory Compliance System (RCS). Klik di sini untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut.Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. Dasar Hukum:Undang-Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2007 tentang Penanaman Modal;Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas;Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja yang telah ditetapkan sebagai undang-undang melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023;Peraturan Presiden Nomor 64 Tahun 2021 tentang Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal;Peraturan Menteri Perdagangan Nomor 76 Tahun 2018 tentang Penyelenggaraan Pendaftaran Perusahaan;Peraturan Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal Nomor 4 Tahun 2021 tentang Pedoman dan Tata Cara Pelayanan Perizinan Berusaha Berbasis Risiko dan Fasilitas Penanaman Modal[1] Pasal 1 angka 6 Undang-Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2007 tentang Penanaman Modal (“UU Penanaman Modal”)[2] Pasal 1 angka 3 UU Penanaman Modal[3] Pasal 15 UU Penanaman Modal dan penjelasannya[4] Semua unit organisasi dan sumber daya yang ada di lingkungan BKPM juga melaksanakan tugas dan fungsi Kementerian Investasi (Pasal 57 Peraturan Presiden Nomor 64 Tahun 2021 tentang Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal)[5] Pasal 19 Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas[6] Pasal 83 ayat (2) dan (3) Peraturan Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal Nomor 4 Tahun 2021 tentang Pedoman dan Tata Cara Pelayanan Perizinan Berusaha Berbasis Risiko dan Fasilitas Penanaman Modal (“Peraturan BKPM 4/2021”)[7] Pasal 84 ayat (2) dan (3) Peraturan BKPM 4/2021[8] Pasal 85 ayat (1) Peraturan BKPM 4/2021Tagsasingbisnisinvestasipenanaman modalperusahaanpmapmdnsahamwarga negara asing
Seorang WNA membeli saham perusahaan yang statusnya perusahaan penanaman modal dalam negeri tanpa mengubah status perusahaan menjadi penanaman modal asing? Bolehkah demikian? Jika tidak boleh, apa yang seharusnya dilakukan dengan perubahan kepemilikan perusahaan menjadi milik WNA? Dan, apakah perlu izin kerja/izin investor?
Jika Warga Negara Asing (WNA) hendak membeli saham perusahaan penanaman modal dalam negeri (PMDN), berikut ini beberapa hal yang harus diperhatikan sebab statusnya berubah menjadi perusahaan penanaman modal asing (PMA).   Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Konversi Utang Jadi Setoran Saham, Ini Caranya14 Sep 2022Syarat dan Prosedur Mempekerjakan TKA untuk Sementara21 Mar 2023Syarat dan Prosedur Hibah Saham11 Okt 2022Konversi Utang Jadi Setoran Saham, Ini Caranya14 Sep 2022Syarat dan Prosedur Mempekerjakan TKA untuk Sementara21 Mar 2023Syarat dan Prosedur Hibah Saham11 Okt 2022
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/yang-harus-diperhatikan-wna-jika-membeli-saham-pt-pmdn-lt5c6249bd7f219/
Yang Harus Diperhatikan WNA Jika Membeli Saham PT PMDN
pages/148/page-6.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul _Alih Status PMDN Menjadi PMA karena Pembelian Saham oleh WNA_ yang dibuat oleh [Vania Natalie, S.H.](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/vania-natalie--sh-lt5c6e4556983d0) dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Kamis, 21 Februari 2019.** ### **Yang Harus Dilakukan Jika PMDN Jadi PMA** Berdasarkan **Pasal 5 ayat (3)** **[UU Penanaman Modal](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26608/undangundang-nomor-25-tahun-2007?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_25_2007)**, bentuk penanaman modal dalam negeri dan asing dapat dilakukan melalui: 1. Mengambil bagian saham pada saat pendirian Perseroan Terbatas (PT); 2. **Membeli saham**; dan 3. Melakukan cara lain sesuai dengan ketentuan perundang-undangan. Penanam modal asing adalah perseorangan warga negara asing, badan usaha asing, dan/atau pemerintah asing yang melakukan penanaman modal di wilayah negara Republik Indonesia.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Dengan kata lain, penanaman modal asing (“PMA”) adalah kegiatan menanam modal untuk melakukan usaha di wilayah negara Republik Indonesia yang dilakukan oleh penanam modal asing, baik yang menggunakan modal asing sepenuhnya maupun yang berpatungan dengan penanam modal dalam negeri.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Oleh karena itu, apabila terdapat percampuran modal antara modal dalam negeri dengan modal asing, maka perusahaan langsung dikategorikan sebagai perusahaan PMA. **Pasal 15** **UU P****enanaman Modal** kemudian menjelaskan mengenai kewajiban penanam modal, khususnya investor asing, yakni:[\[3\]](#_ftn3) 1. Menerapkan prinsip tata kelola perusahaan yang baik; 2. Melaksanakan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaannya, yaitu tanggung jawab yang melekat pada setiap perusahaan penanaman modal untuk tetap menciptakan hubungan yang serasi, seimbang, dan sesuai dengan lingkungan, nilai, norma, dan budaya setempat; 3. Membuat laporan tentang kegiatan penanaman modal dan menyampaikannya kepada Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal (“BKPM”), yang mana laporan memuat perkembangan penanaman modal dan kendala yang dihadapi penanam modal yang disampaikan secara berkala kepada BKPM dan pemerintah daerah yang bertanggung jawab di bidang penanaman modal;[\[4\]](#_ftn4) 4. Menghormati tradisi budaya masyarakat sekitar lokasi kegiatan usaha penanaman modal; 5. Mematuhi semua ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan. Dalam hal berubahnya status perusahaan dari penanaman modal dalam negeri (“PMDN”) menjadi PMA, maka seharusnya perusahaan perlu melakukan penyesuaian data melalui perubahan anggaran dasar yang ditetapkan oleh Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham (RUPS).[\[5\]](#_ftn5) **Pasal 21 UU PT** pun mengatur bahwa perubahan anggaran dasar harus disetujui oleh Menteri Hukum dan HAM. Selengkapnya mengenai prosedur perubahan anggaran dasar dapat Anda simak dalam artikel berjudul **[Bisakah Memasukkan Mobil Pribadi Jadi Aset PT?](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/bisakah-memasukkan-mobil-pribadi-jadi-aset-pt-lt527cf41ce63c6/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=mobil_aset)** Selain itu, perusahaan juga perlu melakukan perubahan data perusahaan melalui OSS, sebagaimana diatur dalam **Pasal 7 [Permendag 76/2018](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5b583df758a0b/peraturan-menteri-perdagangan-nomor-76-tahun-2018?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=permendag_76_2018)**. Jadi, setelah perusahaan melaporkan perubahan anggaran dasar perusahaan dan disetujui oleh Kementerian Hukum dan HAM, selanjutnya dapat melakukan penyesuaian Nomor Induk Berusaha (NIB) dan izin lainnya yang berkaitan dengan kegiatan usaha. Selanjutnya dengan adanya perubahan status perusahaan PMDN menjadi PMA juga memungkinkan adanya perubahan dalam kepengurusan perusahaan, sehingga diperlukan penyesuaian data pengurus dan penanggung jawab setelah berubahnya status perusahaan. ### **Ketentuan Izin Tinggal WNA sebagai Pemegang Saham** Adapun ketentuan izin tinggal bagi WNA yang melakukan penanaman modal diatur dalam Peraturan BKPM 4/2021. Izin Tinggal Terbatas (“ITAS”) bagi investor asing diberikan pada WNA yang melakukan PMA dengan nilai yang memenuhi syarat sebagai berikut:[\[6\]](#_ftn6) 1. sebagai pemegang saham dan menjabat sebagai direksi atau komisaris perusahaan dengan ketentuan kepemilikan saham paling sedikit Rp1 miliar atau yang setara dalam mata uang dollar Amerika Serikat yang tercantum dalam akta; atau 2. sebagai pemegang saham dan tidak menjabat sebagai direksi atau komisaris perusahaan dengan ketentuan kepemilikan saham paling sedikit Rp1,125 miliar atau yang setara dalam mata uang dollar Amerika Serikat yang tercantum dalam akta. Sedangkan Izin Tinggal Tetap (“ITAP”) diberikan pada WNA yang melakukan PMA dengan nilai yang memenuhi syarat sebagai berikut:[\[7\]](#_ftn7) 1. sebagai pemegang saham dan menjabat sebagai direksi atau komisaris perusahaan dengan ketentuan kepemilikan saham paling sedikit Rp1 miliar atau yang setara dalam mata uang dollar Amerika Serikat yang tercantum dalam akta; atau 2. sebagai pemegang saham dan tidak sebagai direksi atau komisaris perusahaan dengan ketentuan kepemilikan saham paling sedikit Rp10 miliar atau yang setara dalam mata uang dollar Amerika Serikat yang tercantum dalam akta. Dalam hal modal yang ditanamkan oleh WNA berjumlah kurang dari Rp1 miliar, maka WNA wajib menggunakan ITAS atau ITAP. Dalam pengurusannya, wajib disampaikan permohonan izin penggunaan tenaga kerja asing kepada Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan terlebih dahulu.[\[8\]](#_ftn8) Dinamisnya perkembangan regulasi seringkali menjadi tantangan Anda dalam memenuhi kewajiban hukum perusahaan. Selalu perbarui kewajiban hukum terkini dengan platform pemantauan kepatuhan hukum dari Hukumonline yang berbasis _Artificial Intelligence_, Regulatory Compliance System (RCS). Klik [**di sini**](https://rcs.hukumonline.com/?utm_source=Google&utm_medium=Banner&utm_campaign=RCSKlinikHukum-LandingPage) untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut. Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. Dasar Hukum: 1. [Undang-Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2007 tentang Penanaman Modal](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26608/undangundang-nomor-25-tahun-2007?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_25_2007); 2. [Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26940/undangundang-nomor-40-tahun-2007?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_40_2007); 3. [Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022) yang telah ditetapkan sebagai undang-undang melalui [Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6427eaaee8a1f/undang-undang-nomor-6-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_6_2023); 4. [Peraturan Presiden Nomor 64 Tahun 2021 tentang Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6110cc27c4c77/peraturan-presiden-nomor-64-tahun-2021/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perpres_64_2021); 5. [Peraturan Menteri Perdagangan Nomor 76 Tahun 2018 tentang Penyelenggaraan Pendaftaran Perusahaan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5b583df758a0b/peraturan-menteri-perdagangan-nomor-76-tahun-2018?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=permendag_76_2018); 6. [Peraturan Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal Nomor 4 Tahun 2021 tentang Pedoman dan Tata Cara Pelayanan Perizinan Berusaha Berbasis Risiko dan Fasilitas Penanaman Modal](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6090ccf543a93/peraturan-badan-koordinasi-penanaman-modal-nomor-4-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=bkpm_4_2021) * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Pasal 1 angka 6 [Undang-Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2007 tentang Penanaman Modal](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26608/undangundang-nomor-25-tahun-2007?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_25_2007) (“UU Penanaman Modal”) [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal 1 angka 3 UU Penanaman Modal [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 15 UU Penanaman Modal dan penjelasannya [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Semua unit organisasi dan sumber daya yang ada di lingkungan BKPM juga melaksanakan tugas dan fungsi Kementerian Investasi (Pasal 57 [Peraturan Presiden Nomor 64 Tahun 2021 tentang Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6110cc27c4c77/peraturan-presiden-nomor-64-tahun-2021/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perpres_64_2021)) [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Pasal 19 [Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26940/undangundang-nomor-40-tahun-2007?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_40_2007) [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Pasal 83 ayat (2) dan (3) [Peraturan Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal Nomor 4 Tahun 2021 tentang Pedoman dan Tata Cara Pelayanan Perizinan Berusaha Berbasis Risiko dan Fasilitas Penanaman Modal](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6090ccf543a93/peraturan-badan-koordinasi-penanaman-modal-nomor-4-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=bkpm_4_2021) (“Peraturan BKPM 4/2021”) [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Pasal 84 ayat (2) dan (3) Peraturan BKPM 4/2021 [\[8\]](#_ftnref8) Pasal 85 ayat (1) Peraturan BKPM 4/2021 Tags ---- [asing](/tag/asing) [bisnis](/tag/bisnis) [investasi](/tag/investasi) [penanaman modal](/tag/penanaman-modal) [perusahaan](/tag/perusahaan) [pma](/tag/pma) [pmdn](/tag/pmdn) [saham](/tag/saham) [warga negara asing](/tag/warga-negara-asing)
ULASAN LENGKAPThis article is an English translation of Begini Aturan Perhitungan THR bagi Karyawan written by Nafiatul Munawaroh, S.H., M.H and published on Tuesday, 28 March 2023.This article below is an update of the article entitled The Basis for Calculating the Amount of Religious Holiday Allowance (Dasar Perhitungan Besaran Tunjangan Hari Raya), which was written by Tri Jata Ayu Pramesti, S.H. and was published on Monday, 11 April 2016. All legal information available on Klinik hukumonline.com has been prepared for educational purposes only and is general in nature (read the complete Disclaimer). In order to obtain legal advice specific to your case, please consult with Justika Partner Consultant.Religious Holiday AllowanceCurrently, the rules for Religious Holiday Allowance or Tunjangan Hari Raya (“THR”) in Bahasa Indonesia refer to the Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 6/2016. Meanwhile, regulations in the form of laws such as Law 13/2003 and Perppu 2/2022 which has been passed into law on March 21, 2023, do not specifically regulate Religious Holiday Allowance for employees.Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Religious Holiday Allowance is a non-wage income that must be paid by business actors to workers/laborers or their families prior to Religious Holiday.[1]Non-Wage Income, are revenues of workers/laborers from entrepreneurs in the form of money to fulfill religious needs, to motivate increased productivity, or to increase the welfare of workers/laborers and their families.[2] This means, Religious Holiday Allowance shall be granted in the form of money in the currency of Indonesian Rupiah.[3]Religious Holiday is the Eid al-Fitr for workers/laborers who are Moslems, Christmas for workers/laborers who are Catholic Christians and Protestant Christians, Seclusion Day for workers/laborers who are Hindus, Vesak Day for workers/laborers who are Buddhists, and Chinese New Year for workers/laborers who are Confucians.[4]When must Religious Holiday Allowance be paid to employees? It should be noted that Religious Holiday Allowance must be granted by Entrepreneurs to workers/laborers no later than 7 (seven) days before the religious holiday.[5] Religious Holiday Allowance is granted 1 (one) time in 1 (one) year in accordance with the Religious Holiday of the respective workers/laborers unless it is determined otherwise in accordance with an agreement between business actors and workers/laborers which is drawn up in the work agreement, company regulation or collective work agreement.[6]Employees Who are Entitled to Religious Holiday AllowanceEmployees who are entitled to Religious Holiday Allowance are employees or workers who have one month of continuous service or more,[7] with a proportional calculation.The Religious Holiday Allowance is granted to workers/laborers who have work relationships with business actors based on permanent work agreements (perjanjian kerja waktu tidak tertentu/ “PKWTT”) or fixed-term work agreements (perjanjian kerja waktu tertentu/ “PKWT”) or contractual employees.[8]Workers/laborers whose work relationship is based on a permanent work agreement and are terminated (termination of employment or pemutusan hubungan kerja in Bahasa Indonesia) starting from 30 (thirty) days prior to the Religious Holiday, are entitled to the Religious Holiday Allowance. This shall apply for the current year at the time of termination. However, these provisions shall not apply to workers/laborers whose work relationship is based on a fixed-term work agreement, which is terminated prior to the Religious Holiday.[9]Furthermore, workers/laborers who are transferred to other companies with continued service terms are entitled to the Religious Holiday Allowance in the new company if the relevant workers/laborers have not received Religious Holiday Allowance from the former company.[10]How to Calculate the Amount of Religious Holiday AllowanceYou can see the detailed calculation of Religious Holiday Allowance under Article 3 and Article 4 Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 6/2016, as follows.Workers/laborers who have a service term of 12 (twelve) months consecutively or more, shall be granted in the amount of 1 (one) monthly wage;Workers/laborers who have service term 1 (one) month consecutively, but less than 12 (twelve) months, shall be granted proportionally in accordance with the service term by using the following calculation: (service term)/12 x 1 (one) monthly wage.1 (one) monthly wage shall consist of the following wage components:[11]wage without allowance which is the clean wage; orbasic wage, including fixed allowance.Example of the Calculation of Religious Holiday AllowanceFor example, if your monthly salary is IDR 5.000.000,00, then the amount of Religious Holiday Allowance you receive with 1.3 years of service is one month's wage, which is IDR 5.000.000,00.Meanwhile, if your working period is for example 5 months, then the calculation of the Religious Holiday Allowance will be:(5/12) x IDR 5.000.000,00 = IDR 2.083.333,33Sanctions for Employers Who Are Late in Paying or Do Not Pay Religious Holiday AllowanceEmployers who are late in paying employees Religious Holiday Allowance are subject to a fine of 5% of the total Religious Holiday Allowance that must be paid since the expiration of the deadline for employers to pay, namely 7 days before the religious holiday. The imposition of the fine does not eliminate the employer's obligation to continue to pay it to workers/laborers.[12]Employers who do not pay Religious Holiday Allowance to workers/laborers are also subject to administrative sanctions in the form of:[13]written warning;limitation of business activities;temporary suspension of some or all means of production; andsuspension of business activities.Measures You May TakeWe do not clearly understand what you mean by the Religious Holiday Allowance you received does not match your calculation. We assume that your right is not fulfilled due to a difference in interpretation regarding the calculation of the Religious Holiday Allowance. This means that there has been a dispute between you and your employer.Dispute of rights or perselisihan hak in Bahasa Indonesia, refers to a dispute which occurs due to the non-fulfillment of rights because there is inconformity between the implementation or interpretation of provisions under laws and regulations, employment agreement, company regulation, or collective work agreement.[14]Religious Holiday Allowance is your right as a worker. So, if there is a dispute regarding this matter and a family settlement (bipartite) between you and the employer is unsuccessful, the way to go is through industrial relations mediation, namely through deliberations between workers and employers mediated by one or more neutral mediators.[15] In the event that the settlement through conciliation or mediation fails to reach an agreement, then one of the parties may file a lawsuit to Industrial Relation Court.[16]Also read: 3 Mechanisms for the Settlement of Industrial Relations DisputesThese are the answers we can provide, we hope you will find them useful.Legal Basis:Law Number 13 of 2003 on Manpower;Law Number 2 of 2004 on Industrial Relation Dispute Settlements;Regulation of the Government in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation which has been passed into law under Law Number 6 of 2023 on 21 March 2023;Regulation of the Government Number 36 of 2021 on Wages;Regulation of the Minister of Manpower Number 6 of 2016 on Religious Holiday Allowance for Workers/Laborers in Companies.[1] Article 1 number 1 Regulation of the Minister of Manpower Number 6 of 2016 on Religious Holiday Allowance for Workers/Laborers in Companies (“Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 6/2016”).[2] Elucidation to Article 6 section (2) letter b Regulation of the Government Number 36 of 2021 on Wages (“Government Regulation 36/2021”).[3] Article 6 Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 6/2016.[4] Article 1 number 2 Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 6/2016.[5] Article 9 section (1) and (2) Government Regulation 36/2021.[6] Article 5 section (1) and (3) Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 6/2016.[7] Article 2 section (1) Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 6/2016.[8] Article 2 section (2) Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 6/2016.[9] Article 7 Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 6/2016.[10] Article 8 Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 6/2016.[11] Article 3 section (2) Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 6/2016.[12] Article 62 Government Regulation 36/2021 and Article 10 section (1) and (2) Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 6/2016.[13] Article 79 section (1) jo. Article 9 section (1) and (2) Government Regulation 36/2021.[14] Article 1 number 2 Law Number 2 of 2004 on Industrial Relation Dispute Settlements (“Law 2/2004”).[15] Article 1 number 11 Law 2/2004.[16] Article 5 Law 2/2004.Tagsklinik english edition
I currently work in a company that has only been developing for 4 years in the food industry, and I have only joined for 1.3 years. Based on yesterday's experience, the Religious Holiday Allowance I obtained did not match my calculations. Is there actually a law that regulates the amount of Religious Holiday Allowance? That's what I want to ask. Thank you.
Religious Holiday Allowance or Tunjangan Hari Raya (“THR”) in Bahasa Indonesia is the right of workers/laborers that must be given by employers no later than 7 days before religious holidays. Therefore, what are the rules for calculating Religious Holiday Allowance for workers/laborers? Please read the review below for a further explanation. Langkah Jika Jual Beli Tanah HGB yang Belum Balik Nama15 Mei 2024Somasi: Pengertian, Dasar Hukum, dan Cara Membuatnya 7 Jun 2023Tips Cicil Rumah dengan KPR Agar Terhindar Risiko Hukum2 Apr 2024Langkah Jika Jual Beli Tanah HGB yang Belum Balik Nama15 Mei 2024Somasi: Pengertian, Dasar Hukum, dan Cara Membuatnya 7 Jun 2023Tips Cicil Rumah dengan KPR Agar Terhindar Risiko Hukum2 Apr 2024
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/this-is-the-regulation-for-calculating-religious-holiday-allowance-for-employees-lt643512d980a5d/
This is the Regulation for Calculating Religious Holiday Allowance for Employees
pages/148/page-7.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- This article is an English translation of [**_Begini Aturan Perhitungan THR bagi Karyawan_**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/begini-aturan-perhitungan-thr-bagi-karyawan-lt51bc31ad7b95b/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=begini_aturan_perhitungan_thr) written by [**Nafiatul Munawaroh, S.H., M.H**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/nafiatul-munawaroh--sh--mh-lt627b7907691c3) and published on Tuesday, 28 March 2023. **This article below is an update of the article entitled The Basis for Calculating the Amount of Religious Holiday Allowance (_Dasar Perhitungan Besaran Tunjangan Hari Raya)_, which was written by** [**Tri Jata Ayu Pramesti, S.H.**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/tri-jata-ayu-pramesti--sh-lt5165540a9b53c) **and was published on Monday, 11 April 2016.**  All legal information available on Klinik hukumonline.com has been prepared for educational purposes only and is general in nature (read the complete [**Disclaimer**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer)). In order to obtain legal advice specific to your case, please consult with [**Justika Partner Consultant**](https://www.justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Religious Holiday Allowance** Currently, the rules for Religious Holiday Allowance or _Tunjangan Hari Raya_ (“THR”) in _Bahasa Indonesia_ refer to the [**Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 6/2016**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt56ebc838dd535/node/157/peraturan-menteri-ketenagakerjaan-no-6-tahun-2016-tunjangan-hari-raya-keagamaan-bagi-pekerja_buruh-di-perusahaan?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=permenaker_6_2016). Meanwhile, regulations in the form of laws such as [**Law 13/2003**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13146/undangundang-nomor-13-tahun-2003/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_Ketenagakerjaan) and [**Perppu 2/2022**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022/translations?utm_medium=internal_link_klinik) which has been passed into law on March 21, 2023, do not specifically regulate Religious Holiday Allowance for employees. Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Religious Holiday Allowance is a **non-wage income** that must be paid by business actors to workers/laborers or their families **prior to Religious Holiday**.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Non-Wage Income, are revenues of workers/laborers from entrepreneurs in the form of money to fulfill religious needs, to motivate increased productivity, or to increase the welfare of workers/laborers and their families.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) This means, **Religious Holiday Allowance shall be granted in the form of money in the currency of Indonesian Rupiah**.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Religious Holiday is the Eid al-Fitr for workers/laborers who are Moslems, Christmas for workers/laborers who are Catholic Christians and Protestant Christians, Seclusion Day for workers/laborers who are Hindus, Vesak Day for workers/laborers who are Buddhists, and Chinese New Year for workers/laborers who are Confucians.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) When must Religious Holiday Allowance be paid to employees? It should be noted that Religious Holiday Allowance must be granted by Entrepreneurs to workers/laborers no later than 7 (seven) days before the religious holiday.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) Religious Holiday Allowance is granted 1 (one) time in 1 (one) year in accordance with the Religious Holiday of the respective workers/laborers unless it is determined otherwise in accordance with an agreement between business actors and workers/laborers which is drawn up in the work agreement, company regulation or collective work agreement.[\[6\]](#_ftn6) ### **Employees Who are Entitled to Religious Holiday Allowance** Employees who are entitled to Religious Holiday Allowance are employees or workers who have one month of continuous service or more,[\[7\]](#_ftn7) with a proportional calculation. The Religious Holiday Allowance is granted to workers/laborers who have work relationships with business actors based on permanent work agreements (_[perjanjian kerja waktu tidak tertentu](https://www.hukumonline.com/kamus/p/perjanjian-kerja-waktu-tidak-tertentu)_/ “PKWTT”) or fixed-term work agreements (_[perjanjian kerja waktu tertentu](https://www.hukumonline.com/kamus/p/perjanjian-kerja-waktu-tertentu)_/ “PKWT”) or contractual employees.[\[8\]](#_ftn8) Workers/laborers whose work relationship is based on a permanent work agreement and are terminated (termination of employment or [_pemutusan hubungan kerja_](https://www.hukumonline.com/kamus/p/pemutusan-hubungan-kerja) in _Bahasa Indonesia_) starting from 30 (thirty) days prior to the Religious Holiday, are entitled to the Religious Holiday Allowance. This shall apply for the current year at the time of termination. However, these provisions shall not apply to workers/laborers whose work relationship is based on a fixed-term work agreement, which is terminated prior to the Religious Holiday.[\[9\]](#_ftn9) Furthermore, workers/laborers who are transferred to other companies with continued service terms are entitled to the Religious Holiday Allowance in the new company if the relevant workers/laborers have not received Religious Holiday Allowance from the former company.[\[10\]](#_ftn10) ### **How to Calculate the Amount of Religious Holiday Allowance** You can see the detailed calculation of Religious Holiday Allowance under **Article 3 and Article 4** **Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 6/2016**, as follows. 1. Workers/laborers who have a service term of 12 (twelve) months consecutively or more, shall be granted in the amount of 1 (one) monthly wage; 2. Workers/laborers who have service term 1 (one) month consecutively, but less than 12 (twelve) months, shall be granted proportionally in accordance with the service term by using the following calculation: (service term)/12 x 1 (one) monthly wage. 1 (one) monthly wage shall consist of the following wage components:[\[11\]](#_ftn11) 1. wage without allowance which is the clean wage; or 2. basic wage, including fixed allowance. ### **Example of the Calculation of Religious Holiday Allowance** For example, if your monthly salary is IDR 5.000.000,00, then the amount of Religious Holiday Allowance you receive with 1.3 years of service is one month's wage, which is IDR 5.000.000,00. Meanwhile, if your working period is for example 5 months, then the calculation of the Religious Holiday Allowance will be: (5/12) x IDR 5.000.000,00 = IDR 2.083.333,33 ### **Sanctions for Employers Who Are Late in Paying or Do Not Pay Religious Holiday Allowance** Employers who are late in paying employees Religious Holiday Allowance are subject to a fine of 5% of the total Religious Holiday Allowance that must be paid since the expiration of the deadline for employers to pay, namely 7 days before the religious holiday. The imposition of the fine does not eliminate the employer's obligation to continue to pay it to workers/laborers.[\[12\]](#_ftn12) Employers who do not pay Religious Holiday Allowance to workers/laborers are also subject to administrative sanctions in the form of:[\[13\]](#_ftn13) 1. written warning; 2. limitation of business activities; 3. temporary suspension of some or all means of production; and 4. suspension of business activities. ### **Measures You May Take** We do not clearly understand what you mean by the Religious Holiday Allowance you received does not match your calculation. We assume that your right is not fulfilled due to a difference in interpretation regarding the calculation of the Religious Holiday Allowance. This means that there has been a dispute between you and your employer. **Dispute of rights** or [**_perselisihan hak_**](https://www.hukumonline.com/kamus/p/perselisihan-hak) in _Bahasa Indonesia_, refers to a dispute which occurs due to the non-fulfillment of rights because there is inconformity between the implementation or interpretation of provisions under laws and regulations, employment agreement, company regulation, or collective work agreement.[\[14\]](#_ftn14) Religious Holiday Allowance is your right as a worker. So, if there is a dispute regarding this matter and a family settlement (bipartite) between you and the employer is unsuccessful, the way to go is through industrial relations mediation, namely through deliberations between workers and employers mediated by one or more neutral mediators.[\[15\]](#_ftn15) In the event that the settlement through conciliation or mediation fails to reach an agreement, then one of the parties may file a lawsuit to Industrial Relation Court.[\[16\]](#_ftn16) Also read: [**3 Mechanisms for the Settlement of Industrial Relations Disputes**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/3-mekanisme-penyelesaian-perselisihan-hubungan-industrial-lt4b82643d06be9?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=3_mekanisme_penyelesaian) These are the answers we can provide, we hope you will find them useful. Legal Basis: 1. [Law Number 13 of 2003 on Manpower](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13146/undangundang-nomor-13-tahun-2003/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_Ketenagakerjaan); 2. [Law Number 2 of 2004 on Industrial Relation Dispute Settlements](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17858/undangundang-nomor-2-tahun-2004/document?utm_medium=internal_link_klinik?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_2_2004); 3. [Regulation of the Government in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022/translations?utm_medium=internal_link_klinik) which has been passed into law under [Law Number 6 of 2023](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6427eaaee8a1f/undang-undang-nomor-6-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_6_2023) on 21 March 2023; 4. [Regulation of the Government Number 36 of 2021 on Wages](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt60322fc0d665f/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-36-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_36_2021); 5. [Regulation of the Minister of Manpower Number 6 of 2016 on Religious Holiday Allowance for Workers/Laborers in Companies](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt56ebc838dd535/node/157/peraturan-menteri-ketenagakerjaan-no-6-tahun-2016-tunjangan-hari-raya-keagamaan-bagi-pekerja_buruh-di-perusahaan?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=permenaker_6_2016). * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Article 1 number 1 [Regulation of the Minister of Manpower Number 6 of 2016 on Religious Holiday Allowance for Workers/Laborers in Companies](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt56ebc838dd535/node/157/peraturan-menteri-ketenagakerjaan-no-6-tahun-2016-tunjangan-hari-raya-keagamaan-bagi-pekerja_buruh-di-perusahaan?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=permenaker_6_2016) (“Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 6/2016”). [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Elucidation to Article 6 section (2) letter b [Regulation of the Government Number 36 of 2021 on Wages](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt60322fc0d665f/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-36-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_36_2021) (“Government Regulation 36/2021”). [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Article 6 Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 6/2016. [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Article 1 number 2 Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 6/2016. [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Article 9 section (1) and (2) Government Regulation 36/2021. [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Article 5 section (1) and (3) Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 6/2016. [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Article 2 section (1) Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 6/2016. [\[8\]](#_ftnref8) Article 2 section (2) Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 6/2016. [\[9\]](#_ftnref9) Article 7 Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 6/2016. [\[10\]](#_ftnref10) Article 8 Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 6/2016. [\[11\]](#_ftnref11) Article 3 section (2) Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 6/2016. [\[12\]](#_ftnref12) Article 62 Government Regulation 36/2021 and Article 10 section (1) and (2) Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 6/2016. [\[13\]](#_ftnref13) Article 79 section (1) _jo._ Article 9 section (1) and (2) Government Regulation 36/2021. [\[14\]](#_ftnref14) Article 1 number 2 [Law Number 2 of 2004 on Industrial Relation Dispute Settlements](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17858/undangundang-nomor-2-tahun-2004/document?utm_medium=internal_link_klinik?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_2_2004) (“Law 2/2004”). [\[15\]](#_ftnref15) Article 1 number 11 Law 2/2004. [\[16\]](#_ftnref16) Article 5 Law 2/2004. Tags ---- [klinik english edition](/tag/klinik-english-edition)
ULASAN LENGKAPThis article is an English translation of Mau Beli Kosmetika dari Luar Negeri? Begini Aturannya written by Dian Dwi Jayanti, S.H., and published on Monday, 10 April 2023.This article below is a second update of the article with the same title, written by Sovia Hasanah, S.H., and was first published on 9 January 2018, and first updated on Wednesday, 8 September 2021 by Erizka Permatasari, S.H.All legal information available on Klinik hukumonline.com has been prepared for educational purposes only and is general in nature (read the complete Disclaimer). In order to obtain legal advice specific to your case, please consult with Justika Partner Consultant.Importation of Cosmetics in IndonesiaBefore answering your question, we should first understand what is meant by import (or impor in Bahasa Indonesia). Import is the purchase of goods and services from abroad into the country with a cooperation agreement between 2 (two) or more countries. Import can also be said as trade by entering goods from abroad into Indonesian territory by fulfilling applicable regulations. Import is also the process of legally transporting goods or commodities from one country to another in the process of trade.[1]Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Those definitions of import are in accordance with Law 7/2014, which states import as an activity of importing goods into the customs zone,[2] which is the territory of the Republic of Indonesia which includes the lands, waters and air space, and some points within the Exclusive Economic Zone and continental shelf in which the Customs Law applies.[3] In simple terms, imports can be understood as the entry of goods originating from outside the territory of the Republic of Indonesia into the territory of the Republic of Indonesia.Then, based on Article 1 section 14 Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control 27/2022, cosmetics are materials or preparations intended for use on the external parts of the human body such as the epidermis, hair, nails, lips, and external genital organs, or teeth and oral mucous membranes, especially for cleaning, perfuming, changing appearance and/or to improve/treat body odor or protecting or maintaining human body in good condition.Furthermore, we will explain some cosmetics regulatory that must be adhered to when importing cosmetics in Indonesia.Having a distribution license and fulfilling the provisions of laws and regulations in the field of importsBasically, drugs and food, including cosmetics that are imported into the territory of Indonesia, if distributed, must have a distribution permit/ distribution license and fulfill the provisions of laws and regulations in the field of imports.[4]What is meant by distribution permit is a form of approval for the registration of drugs, traditional drugs, quasi drugs, health supplements, and processed food or a form of approval in the form of notification of cosmetics that have been notified, fulfillment of processed food commitments and approval of processed food to be distributed in the territory of Indonesia.[5]Obtain approval from the Head of BPOMFurthermore, the entry of cosmetics into the territory of Indonesia must also obtain approval from the Head of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control (Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan/ "BPOM")[6] in the form of:[7]Border Import Certificate (Surat Keterangan Impor Border/ "SKI Border")SKI Border is a letter of approval for the entry of goods into the territory of Indonesia that must be fulfilled before the goods are released from the customs zone in the context of monitoring the distribution of drugs and food.[8] Drugs and/or traditional medicines that are brought into the territory of Indonesia must have a Border Import Certificate at the time of filing an import notification issued by the authorized agency.[9]Post Border Import Certificate (Surat Keterangan Impor Post Border/ "SKI Post Border")SKI Post Border is a letter of approval for the entry of goods into the territory of Indonesia which is fulfilled before or after the release of goods from the customs zone in the context of monitoring the distribution of drugs and food.[10] Quasi drugs, health supplements, cosmetics, and/or processed food that are brought into the territory of Indonesia must have a Post Border Import Certificate no later than 7 (seven) days from the date of issuance of the approval letter for the release of goods.[11]Post Border Import Certificate applicants may apply for it before obtaining the registration number and date of the notification of the import of goods.[12]For information, SKI Border or SKI Post Border is only valid for 1 (one) entry.[13] Moreover, imports of drugs in the form of narcotics, psychotropic substances, or pharmaceutical precursors are exempted from obtaining approval from the Head of BPOM, but must meet the requirements of an analysis of the results of supervision and an import approval letter in accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations.[14]Minimum shelf lifeCosmetics imported into Indonesia at the time of application for SKI Border or SKI Post Border must have a shelf life of at least 1/3 (one-third) of the shelf life.[15]Can only be carried out by holders of distribution license or their proxiesImports of cosmetics can only be carried out by holders of distribution license or their proxies,[16] and drug distribution license holders can authorize other pharmaceutical industries, pharmaceutical wholesalers importers, or government agencies as drug import executors.[17] If the import is carried out by a proxy, then:[18]The proxy must have a license in accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations;the entry and distribution of finished products are the responsibility of the distribution license holder;the power of attorney must clearly state the address and status of the warehouse where the product is stored; andthe quality control of the drug before distribution is still carried out by the distribution license holder.Laws and Regulations on Importing Cosmetics for Personal UseSo, what if you buy cosmetics from abroad for your own use? Basically, drugs and foods including cosmetics that do not yet have a distribution license can be imported into Indonesia for certain purposes, one of which is personal use.[19] This can be done through the Special Access Scheme ("SAS") mechanism,[20] which is the importation of drugs that do not/yet have a distribution license or drug materials for certain urgently needed purposes into Indonesian territory through special access.[21]Import of cosmetics for personal use can be done through several methods such as:[22]shipping/transportation/postal services;passenger luggage;goods of the crew of the means of transportation; orborder crossing goods.In addition, it should be noted that such imports must meet the requirements, namely not for sale and in limited quantities according to needs.[23]You can access the intended quantity limitations in Appendix III of Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control 27/2022.Then, the Directorate General of Customs and Excise conducts supervision[24] which is carried out using the notification form for the entry of drugs and food for personal use listed in Appendix II of Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control 27/2022.[25]Also read: Importing Secondhand Clothes in Indonesia, What is the Legality?In conclusion, cosmetic products that will be imported into Indonesia for distribution must have a distribution license, meet the import conditions, receive approval from the Head of BPOM, have a minimum shelf life, and can only be imported by the distribution license holder or his/her proxy. However, if you want to import cosmetics for your own use, then the shipment can take a special method or SAS mechanism, one of which is through shipping services. However, you must fulfill the requirements that the cosmetics are not for sale and in limited quantities as needed.These are the answers we can provide, we hope you will find them useful.Legal Basis:Law Number 7 of 2014 on Trade as amended by Regulation of the Government in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation which has been passed into law under Law Number 6 of 2023;Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control Number 27 of 2022 on Supervision of the Entry of Drugs and Food into the Territory of Indonesia;Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control Number 30 of 2022 on Importation of Drugs and Drug Materials through Special Access Scheme;Reference:Jimmy Benny. Ekspor dan Impor Pengaruhnya Terhadap Posisi Cadangan Devisa di Indonesia. Jurnal EMBA, Vol. 1, No. 4, 2013.[1] Jimmy Benny. Ekspor dan Impor Pengaruhnya Terhadap Posisi Cadangan Devisa di Indonesia. Jurnal EMBA, Vol. 1, No. 4, 2013, p. 1408.[2] Article 1 number 18 Law Number 7 of 2014 on Trade (“Law 7/2014”).[3] Article 1 number 15 Law 7/2014.[4] Article 1 number 1 and Article 2 section (1) and (2) Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control Number 27 of 2022 on Supervision of the Entry of Drugs and Food into the Territory of Indonesia (“Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control 27/2022”).[5] Article 1 number 5 Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control 27/2022.[6] Article 3 section (1) Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control 27/2022.[7] Article 3 section (2) Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control 27/2022.[8] Article 1 number 3 Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control 27/2022.[9] Article 3 section (4) Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control 27/2022.[10] Article 1 number 4 Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control 27/2022.[11] Article 3 section (5) Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control 27/2022.[12] Article 3 section (6) Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control 27/2022.[13] Article 3 section (3) Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control 27/2022.[14] Article 3 section (7) Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control 27/2022.[15] Article 4 section (1) letter c Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control 27/2022.[16] Article 6 section (1) Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control 27/2022.[17] Article 6 section (2) Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control 27/2022.[18] Article 6 section (4) Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control 27/2022.[19] Article 37 section (1) and section (2) letter a Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control 27/2022.[20] Article 39 section (1) Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control 27/2022.[21] Article 1 number 4 Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control Number 30 of 2022 on Importation of Drugs and Drug Materials through Special Access Scheme (“Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control 30/2022”).[22] Article 40 section (1) Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control 27/2022.[23] Article 42 section (1) Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control 27/2022.[24] Article 43 section (1) Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control 27/2022.[25] Article 39 section (6) Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control 27/2022.Tagsklinik english edition
I read from the Klinik Hukumonline article that personal consumption drugs are allowed to enter Indonesia with a SAS License from the National Agency of Drug and Food Control. My question is, what about cosmetics that we often buy from abroad? Nowadays, many young people are crazy about Korean cosmetics. Many people buy them online and have them shipped directly from Korea because some are not available in Indonesia. Is it possible to import these cosmetics products individually for import into the country and for personal use?
Basically, there are different provisions for importing cosmetics from abroad for importers who will re-distribute and for individuals for personal use. There is a Special Access Scheme ("SAS") mechanism to import cosmetics for personal use. What is SAS and what are its provisions? Please read the review below for a further explanation. Somasi: Pengertian, Dasar Hukum, dan Cara Membuatnya 7 Jun 2023Syarat dan Prosedur Hibah Saham11 Okt 2022Kiat-kiat Membeli Tanah Girik yang Aman4 Jun 2024Somasi: Pengertian, Dasar Hukum, dan Cara Membuatnya 7 Jun 2023Syarat dan Prosedur Hibah Saham11 Okt 2022Kiat-kiat Membeli Tanah Girik yang Aman4 Jun 2024
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/want-to-buy-cosmetics-from-abroad-here-are-the-regulations-lt64350c85b4c12/
Want to Buy Cosmetics from Abroad? Here are the Regulations
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- This article is an English translation of [**_Mau Beli Kosmetika dari Luar Negeri? Begini Aturannya_**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/mau-beli-kosmetika-dari-luar-negeri-begini-aturannya-lt5a4ee304ea7e0/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=mau_beli_kosmetika_dari_luar_negeri_aturannya) written by [**Dian Dwi Jayanti, S.H.,**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/dian-dwi-jayanti--sh-lt6374680d16d2f) and published on Monday, 10 April 2023. **This article below is a second update of the article with the same title, written by** [**Sovia Hasanah, S.H.,**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/sovia-hasanah--sh-lt57d2913a130b4) **and was first published on 9 January 2018, and first updated on Wednesday, 8 September 2021 by** [**Erizka Permatasari, S.H.**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/erizka-permatasari--sh-lt5f8445b8eca72) All legal information available on Klinik hukumonline.com has been prepared for educational purposes only and is general in nature (read the complete [**Disclaimer**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer)). In order to obtain legal advice specific to your case, please consult with [**Justika Partner Consultant**](https://www.justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Importation of Cosmetics in Indonesia** Before answering your question, we should first understand what is meant by import (or [_impor_](https://www.hukumonline.com/kamus/i/impor) in _Bahasa Indonesia_). Import is the purchase of goods and services from abroad into the country with a cooperation agreement between 2 (two) or more countries. Import can also be said as trade by entering goods from abroad into Indonesian territory by fulfilling applicable regulations. Import is also the process of legally transporting goods or commodities from one country to another in the process of trade.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Those definitions of import are in accordance with [**Law 7/2014**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5332a3e55eb82/undang-undang-nomor-7-tahun-2014?r=1&p=1&q=uu%207%202014&rs=1847&re=2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_7_2014), which states import as an activity of importing goods into the customs zone,[\[2\]](#_ftn2) which is the territory of the Republic of Indonesia which includes the lands, waters and air space, and some points within the Exclusive Economic Zone and continental shelf in which the Customs Law applies.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) In simple terms, imports can be understood as the entry of goods originating from outside the territory of the Republic of Indonesia into the territory of the Republic of Indonesia. Then, based on **Article 1 section 14** [**Regulation of the** **National Agency of Drug and Food Control** **27/2022**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63845d210e2fe#?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=PBPOM_27_2022), cosmetics are materials or preparations intended for use on the external parts of the human body such as the epidermis, hair, nails, lips, and external genital organs, or teeth and oral mucous membranes, especially for cleaning, perfuming, changing appearance and/or to improve/treat body odor or protecting or maintaining human body in good condition. Furthermore, we will explain some cosmetics regulatory that must be adhered to when importing cosmetics in Indonesia. 1. **Having a distribution license and fulfilling the provisions of laws and regulations in the field of imports** Basically, drugs and food, including cosmetics that are imported into the territory of Indonesia, if distributed, must have a distribution permit/ distribution license and fulfill the provisions of laws and regulations in the field of imports.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) What is meant by distribution permit is a form of approval for the registration of drugs, traditional drugs, quasi drugs, health supplements, and processed food or a form of approval in the form of notification of cosmetics that have been notified, fulfillment of processed food commitments and approval of processed food to be distributed in the territory of Indonesia.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) 2. **Obtain approval from the Head of BPOM** Furthermore, the entry of cosmetics into the territory of Indonesia must also obtain approval from the Head of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control (_Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan_/ "BPOM")[\[6\]](#_ftn6) in the form of:[\[7\]](#_ftn7) 1. **Border Import Certificate (_Surat Keterangan Impor Border_/ "SKI Border")** SKI Border is a letter of approval for the entry of goods into the territory of Indonesia that must be fulfilled before the goods are released from the customs zone in the context of monitoring the distribution of drugs and food.[\[8\]](#_ftn8) Drugs and/or traditional medicines that are brought into the territory of Indonesia must have a Border Import Certificate at the time of filing an import notification issued by the authorized agency.[\[9\]](#_ftn9) 2. **Post Border Import Certificate (_Surat Keterangan Impor Post Border_/ "SKI Post Border")** SKI Post Border is a letter of approval for the entry of goods into the territory of Indonesia which is fulfilled before or after the release of goods from the customs zone in the context of monitoring the distribution of drugs and food.[\[10\]](#_ftn10) Quasi drugs, health supplements, cosmetics, and/or processed food that are brought into the territory of Indonesia must have a Post Border Import Certificate no later than 7 (seven) days from the date of issuance of the approval letter for the release of goods.[\[11\]](#_ftn11) Post Border Import Certificate applicants may apply for it before obtaining the registration number and date of the notification of the import of goods.[\[12\]](#_ftn12) For information, SKI Border or SKI Post Border is only valid for 1 (one) entry.[\[13\]](#_ftn13) Moreover, imports of drugs in the form of narcotics, psychotropic substances, or pharmaceutical precursors are exempted from obtaining approval from the Head of BPOM, but must meet the requirements of an analysis of the results of supervision and an import approval letter in accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations.[\[14\]](#_ftn14) 3. **Minimum shelf life** Cosmetics imported into Indonesia at the time of application for SKI Border or SKI Post Border must have a shelf life of at least 1/3 (one-third) of the shelf life.[\[15\]](#_ftn15) 4. **Can only be carried out by holders of distribution license or their proxies** Imports of cosmetics can only be carried out by holders of distribution license or their proxies,[\[16\]](#_ftn16) and drug distribution license holders can authorize other pharmaceutical industries, pharmaceutical wholesalers importers, or government agencies as drug import executors.[\[17\]](#_ftn17) If the import is carried out by a proxy, then:[\[18\]](#_ftn18) 1. The proxy must have a license in accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations; 2. the entry and distribution of finished products are the responsibility of the distribution license holder; 3. the power of attorney must clearly state the address and status of the warehouse where the product is stored; and 4. the quality control of the drug before distribution is still carried out by the distribution license holder. ### **Laws and Regulations on Importing Cosmetics for Personal Use** So, what if you buy cosmetics from abroad for your own use? Basically, drugs and foods including cosmetics that do not yet have a distribution license can be imported into Indonesia for certain purposes, one of which is personal use.[\[19\]](#_ftn19) This can be done through the Special Access Scheme ("SAS") mechanism,[\[20\]](#_ftn20) which is the importation of drugs that do not/yet have a distribution license or drug materials for certain urgently needed purposes into Indonesian territory through special access.[\[21\]](#_ftn21) Import of cosmetics for personal use can be done through several methods such as:[\[22\]](#_ftn22) 1. shipping/transportation/postal services; 2. passenger luggage; 3. goods of the crew of the means of transportation; or 4. border crossing goods. In addition, it should be noted that such imports must meet the requirements, namely **not for sale** and **in limited quantities according to needs**.[\[23\]](#_ftn23) You can access the intended quantity limitations in **Appendix III of Regulation of the** **National Agency of Drug and Food Control** **27/2022**. Then, the Directorate General of Customs and Excise conducts supervision[\[24\]](#_ftn24) which is carried out using the notification form for the entry of drugs and food for personal use listed in **Appendix II of Regulation of the** **National Agency of Drug and Food Control** **27/2022**.[\[25\]](#_ftn25) Also read: [**Importing Secondhand Clothes in Indonesia, What is the Legality?**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/impor-pakaian-bekas-di-indonesia--bagaimana-legalitasnya-lt56a826fd89e27/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=impor_pakaian_bekas_di_indonesia) In conclusion, cosmetic products that will be imported into Indonesia for distribution must have a distribution license, meet the import conditions, receive approval from the Head of BPOM, have a minimum shelf life, and can only be imported by the distribution license holder or his/her proxy. However, if you want to import cosmetics for your own use, then the shipment can take a special method or SAS mechanism, one of which is through shipping services. However, you must fulfill the requirements that the cosmetics are not for sale and in limited quantities as needed. These are the answers we can provide, we hope you will find them useful. Legal Basis: 1. [Law Number 7 of 2014 on Trade](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5332a3e55eb82/undang-undang-nomor-7-tahun-2014?r=1&p=1&q=uu%207%202014&rs=1847&re=2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_7_2014) as amended by [Regulation of the Government in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022/translations?utm_medium=internal_link_klinik) which has been passed into law under [Law Number 6 of 2023](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6427eaaee8a1f/undang-undang-nomor-6-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_6_2023); 2. [Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control Number 27 of 2022 on Supervision of the Entry of Drugs and Food into the Territory of Indonesia](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63845d210e2fe#?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=PBPOM_27_2022); 3. [Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control Number 30 of 2022 on Importation of Drugs and Drug Materials through Special Access Scheme](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt639975df17981/peraturan-badan-pengawas-obat-dan-makanan-nomor-30-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pbpom_30_2022); Reference: Jimmy Benny. _Ekspor dan Impor Pengaruhnya Terhadap Posisi Cadangan Devisa di Indonesia_. Jurnal EMBA, Vol. 1, No. 4, 2013. * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Jimmy Benny. _Ekspor dan Impor Pengaruhnya Terhadap Posisi Cadangan Devisa di Indonesia_. Jurnal EMBA, Vol. 1, No. 4, 2013, p. 1408. [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Article 1 number 18 [Law Number 7 of 2014 on Trade](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5332a3e55eb82/undang-undang-nomor-7-tahun-2014?r=1&p=1&q=uu%207%202014&rs=1847&re=2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_7_2014) (“Law 7/2014”). [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Article 1 number 15 Law 7/2014. [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Article 1 number 1 and Article 2 section (1) and (2) [Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control Number 27 of 2022 on Supervision of the Entry of Drugs and Food into the Territory of Indonesia](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63845d210e2fe#?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=PBPOM_27_2022) (“Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control 27/2022”). [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Article 1 number 5 Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control 27/2022. [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Article 3 section (1) Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control 27/2022. [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Article 3 section (2) Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control 27/2022. [\[8\]](#_ftnref8) Article 1 number 3 Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control 27/2022. [\[9\]](#_ftnref9) Article 3 section (4) Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control 27/2022. [\[10\]](#_ftnref10) Article 1 number 4 Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control 27/2022. [\[11\]](#_ftnref11) Article 3 section (5) Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control 27/2022. [\[12\]](#_ftnref12) Article 3 section (6) Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control 27/2022. [\[13\]](#_ftnref13) Article 3 section (3) Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control 27/2022. [\[14\]](#_ftnref14) Article 3 section (7) Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control 27/2022. [\[15\]](#_ftnref15) Article 4 section (1) letter c Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control 27/2022. [\[16\]](#_ftnref16) Article 6 section (1) Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control 27/2022. [\[17\]](#_ftnref17) Article 6 section (2) Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control 27/2022. [\[18\]](#_ftnref18) Article 6 section (4) Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control 27/2022. [\[19\]](#_ftnref19) Article 37 section (1) and section (2) letter a Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control 27/2022. [\[20\]](#_ftnref20) Article 39 section (1) Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control 27/2022. [\[21\]](#_ftnref21) Article 1 number 4 [Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control Number 30 of 2022 on Importation of Drugs and Drug Materials through Special Access Scheme](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt639975df17981/peraturan-badan-pengawas-obat-dan-makanan-nomor-30-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pbpom_30_2022) (“Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control 30/2022”). [\[22\]](#_ftnref22) Article 40 section (1) Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control 27/2022. [\[23\]](#_ftnref23) Article 42 section (1) Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control 27/2022. [\[24\]](#_ftnref24) Article 43 section (1) Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control 27/2022. [\[25\]](#_ftnref25) Article 39 section (6) Regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control 27/2022. Tags ---- [klinik english edition](/tag/klinik-english-edition)
ULASAN LENGKAPThis article is an English translation of Dapatkah Penderita Eksibisionisme Dipidana? written by Dian Dwi Jayanti, S.H., and published on Thursday, 6 April 2023.This article below is an update of the article entitled Can People with Exhibitionism (Likes to Expose Genitals) Be Convicted? (Dapatkah Penderita Eksibisionisme (Suka Menunjukkan Alat Kelamin) Dipidana?), written by Sovia Hasanah, S.H., and was first published on 17 March 2017.This article is written according to the previous Indonesian Criminal Code and Law 1/2023 on the Criminal Code, which was promulgated on 2 January 2023.All legal information available on Klinik hukumonline.com has been prepared for educational purposes only and is general in nature (read the complete Disclaimer). In order to obtain legal advice specific to your case, please consult with Justika Partner Consultant.Definition of ExhibitionismBelajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas To answer your question, we first need to understand the definition of exhibitionism. According to Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (“KBBI”) or the official dictionary of the Indonesian language, exhibitionism (eksibisionisme) is a disorder or impropriety characterized by a tendency to show indecent things, such as genitals to others for self-gratification.Exhibitionism is one of the disorders of sexual behavior in the form of sexual satisfaction obtained by showing off the genitals to the opposite sex.[1] This exhibitionist disorder is a disorder characterized by a sexual urge to show genital parts to others.[2]The Law of Exposing Genitals in PublicReferring to Law 44/2008 a.k.a Pornography Law, it has been stipulated that everyone is prohibited from showing themselves or others in a performance or public that depicts nudity, sexual exploitation, intercourse, or other pornography.[3] What is meant by "other pornography" includes sexual violence and masturbation.[4]Any person who exhibits himself or another person in a performance or in public depicting nudity, sexual exploitation, intercourse, or other pornographic material shall be punished with imprisonment for a maximum of 10 years and/or a maximum fine of Rp5 billion.[5]So, based on the definition of exhibitionism and the provisions of the article above, we can explain that masturbating in public or showing genitals in public is a form of nudity so that the perpetrator can be sentenced to imprisonment for a maximum of 10 years and/or a maximum fine of IDR 5 billion.However, exhibitionism is a form of a disorder. Then, can exhibitionist sufferers be convicted? To answer this, we will refer to the provisions regarding the reasons for criminal expungement stipulated in the current Criminal Code, which is still applicable at the time this article was published, as well as the new Criminal Code, Law 1/2023, which will entry into force 3 years from the date of its promulgation in 2026.[6]Excuses for Criminal Offenders with Mental DisordersSummarized from the article entitled Can a Mentally Ill Person Be Punished?, in criminal law, there are known reasons for the elimination of punishment, namely justification and excuse, namely:Justification means a reason that removes the unlawful nature of a criminal act. So, the justification is seen from the side of the act (objective). For example, the act of 'taking life' that is carried out by the executor of the death penalty against death row inmates (Article 50 Criminal Code and Article 31 Law 1/2023).Excuses are reasons that remove the guilt of the perpetrator of a criminal act, while his actions remain against the law. So, the excuse is seen from the side of the person/ perpetrator (subjective). For example, because the perpetrator is insane or crazy he cannot be held responsible for his actions.An example of an excuse can be seen in Article 44 Criminal Code and Article 38 and 39 Law 1/2023, as follows:Criminal CodeLaw 1/2023Article 44 section (1)Not punishable shall be the person who commits an act for which by reason of the defective development or sickly disorder of his mental capacities, he is not liable.Article 38Any Person who at the time of committing a Crime has a mental disability and/or intellectual disability may have a reduced criminal sentence and/or be subject to a measure.Article 44 section (2)If it is evident that he is not liable for the committed act by reason of the defective development or sickly disorder of his mental capacities, the judge may give an order that he be placed in a lunatic asylum during a probation time not exceeding the term of one year.Article 39Any Person who at the time of committing a Crime has a mental disability in acute relapse and accompanied by psychotic features and/or moderate or severe intellectual disability cannot be sentenced, but may be subject to a measure. What is meant by mental disability under Article 38 law 1/2023 is the disruption of thought, emotional, and behavioral functions, such as:[7]psychosocial, such as schizophrenia, bipolar, depression, anxiety, and personality disorder; anddevelopmental disabilities that affect social interaction skills, such as autism and hyperactivity.Intellectual disability means the disruption of thought function due to a below-average level of intelligence, such as slow learners, mental disabilities, and down syndrome.[8]Criminal offenders who have mental disabilities and/or intellectual disabilities are considered less able to realize the unlawful nature of the acts committed or to act based on a conviction that can be sentenced.[9]Meanwhile, under Article 39 Law 1/2023, any Person who at the time of committing a Crime has a mental disability in acute relapse and accompanied by psychotic features and/or moderate or severe intellectual disability cannot be sentenced. In order to be able to explain the inability to be held accountable from a medical perspective, it has been deemed necessary to present an expert so that the criminal offender is seen or assessed as unable to be held accountable.[10]According to R. Soesilo in his book entitled The Criminal Code and its Complete Commentaries Article-by-Article (pp. 60-61), the reasons why the defendant cannot be punished because his actions cannot be held accountable to him are due to:Defective mind. What is meant by the word "mind" here is the power of thought and the intelligence of the mind. A person may be deemed to be of a defective mind, for example: an idiot, imbecile, deaf-blind, and mute from birth. These persons are not actually sick, but because of their defects from birth, their mind remains as a child.Sickness due to changes in the mind. Those which can be included in this definition for example madness, hysteria (a type of nervous disease especially in women), epilepsy, and various other mental illnesses.In relation to the mental condition of the defendant, according to R Soesilo (p. 61), it is the judge who has the power to decide whether or not the defendant can be held accountable for his actions, although he can also seek advice from a psychiatrist. If the judge is of the opinion that the person is not really responsible for his actions, then the person is released from all criminal charges (ontslag van alle rechtsvervolgin).So based on the above, to answer your question, for someone who has an exhibitionism disorder, the judge must refer to the opinion of a mental health expert and the results of a medical examination to determine whether the disorder can be equated with mental illness or mental disorder. If it turns out that the perpetrator of exhibitionism really cannot be held responsible for his/her actions, then the excuse applies to the perpetrator, so according to the Criminal Code, he/she cannot be punished/convicted or hospitalized for probation. Under Law 1/2023, if the exhibitionist sufferer is proven in a medical examination as a person with a mental disability, the punishment can be reduced. Meanwhile, if the exhibitionism sufferer is in an acute relapse condition and is accompanied by psychotic features, then they are subject to action/measure.However, to prevent similar occurrences, the judge may order the perpetrator of exhibitionism to be admitted to a mental hospital for a maximum probation period of 1 year in accordance with the provisions of Article 44 section (2) Criminal Code or may be subject to action/measure under Article 103 section (2) Law 1/2023 in the form of:rehabilitation;handover to someone;treatment in an institution;handover to the government; and/ortreatment in a mental hospital.These are the answers we can provide, we hope you will find them useful.Legal Basis:Indonesian Criminal Code;Law Number 44 of 2008 on Pornography;Law Number 1 of 2023 on the Criminal Code.Reference:Ni Kadek Dwi Oktapiani dan Sagung Putri M.E. Purwani. Pengaturan Terhadap Perilaku Eksibisionisme Berdasarkan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana. Jurnal Kertha Wicara, Vol. 9 No. 9, 2020;R. Soesilo. Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) Serta Komentar-Komentarnya Lengkap Pasal Demi Pasal. Politeia: Bogor, 1991;Eksibisionisme (exhibitionism), accessed on Monday, 3 March 2023, at 13.31 West Indonesian Time (zone).[1] Ni Kadek Dwi Oktapiani dan Sagung Putri M.E. Purwani, Pengaturan Terhadap Perilaku Eksibisionisme Berdasarkan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana, Jurnal Kertha Wicara, Vol. 9 No. 9, 2020, p. 2.[2] Ni Kadek Dwi Oktapiani dan Sagung Putri M.E. Purwani, Pengaturan Terhadap Perilaku Eksibisionisme Berdasarkan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana, Jurnal Kertha Wicara, Vol. 9 No. 9, 2020, pp. 2-3.[3] Article 10 Law Number 44 of 2008 on Pornography (“Law 44/2008”).[4] Elucidation to Article 10 Law 44/2008.[5] Article 36 Law 44/2008.[6] Article 624 Law Number 1 of 2023 on the Criminal Code (“Law 1/2023”).[7] Elucidation to Article 38 Law 1/2023.[8] Elucidation to Article 38 Law 1/2023.[9] Elucidation to Article 38 Law 1/2023.[10] Elucidation to Article 39 Law 1/2023.Tagsklinik english edition
Are there any rules for people who expose their genitals and masturbate in public due to a disease called exhibitionism? Can exhibitionists be subject to criminal sanctions? Thank you.
Exhibitionism is a disorder or impropriety characterized by the tendency to reveal or expose indecent things, such as the genitals to the public, for self-gratification. According to the Pornography Law, any person who exhibits themselves or other people in performances or in public which depicts nudity, sexual exploitation, intercourse, or other pornographic content will be subject to imprisonment for a maximum of 10 years and/or a maximum fine of IDR 5 billion. Then can the criminal charges apply to the perpetrators of exhibitionism? Please read the review below for a further explanation. Ini Cara Mengurus Akta Nikah yang Terlambat 30 Sep 2022Syarat dan Prosedur Mempekerjakan TKA untuk Sementara21 Mar 2023Tips Agar Terhindar dari Jebakan Saham Gorengan15 Agu 2023Ini Cara Mengurus Akta Nikah yang Terlambat 30 Sep 2022Syarat dan Prosedur Mempekerjakan TKA untuk Sementara21 Mar 2023Tips Agar Terhindar dari Jebakan Saham Gorengan15 Agu 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/can-exhibitionist-sufferers-be-convicted--lt6433e6a74b422/
Can Exhibitionist Sufferers Be Convicted?
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- This article is an English translation of [**_Dapatkah Penderita Eksibisionisme Dipidana?_**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/dapatkah-penderita-eksibisionisme-dipidana-lt58c9e573a6b7c?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=dapatkah_penderita_eksibisionis_dipidana) written by [**Dian Dwi Jayanti, S.H.,**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/dian-dwi-jayanti--sh-lt6374680d16d2f) and published on Thursday, 6 April 2023. **This article below is an update of the article entitled Can People with Exhibitionism (Likes to Expose Genitals) Be Convicted? (_Dapatkah Penderita Eksibisionisme (Suka Menunjukkan Alat Kelamin) Dipidana?_), written by** [**Sovia Hasanah, S.H.,**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/sovia-hasanah--sh-lt57d2913a130b4) **and was first published on 17 March 2017.** **This article is written according to the previous Indonesian Criminal Code and Law 1/2023 on the Criminal Code, which was promulgated on 2 January 2023.** All legal information available on Klinik hukumonline.com has been prepared for educational purposes only and is general in nature (read the complete [**Disclaimer**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer)). In order to obtain legal advice specific to your case, please consult with [**Justika Partner Consultant**](https://www.justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Definition of Exhibitionism** Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) To answer your question, we first need to understand the definition of exhibitionism. According to **_Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia_ (“KBBI”)** or the official dictionary of the Indonesian language, exhibitionism (_[eksibisionisme](https://kbbi.web.id/ekshibisionisme)_) is a disorder or impropriety characterized by a tendency to show indecent things, such as genitals to others for self-gratification. Exhibitionism is one of the disorders of sexual behavior in the form of sexual satisfaction obtained by showing off the genitals to the opposite sex.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) This exhibitionist disorder is a disorder characterized by a sexual urge to show genital parts to others.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) ### **The Law of Exposing Genitals in Public** Referring to [**Law 44/2008**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/28607/undangundang-nomor-44-tahun-2008?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_44_2008) a.k.a **Pornography Law**, it has been stipulated that everyone is prohibited from showing themselves or others in a performance or public that depicts nudity, sexual exploitation, intercourse, or other pornography.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) What is meant by "other pornography" includes sexual violence and masturbation.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) Any person who exhibits himself or another person in a performance or in public depicting nudity, sexual exploitation, intercourse, or other pornographic material shall be punished with imprisonment for a maximum of 10 years and/or a maximum fine of Rp5 billion.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) So, based on the definition of exhibitionism and the provisions of the article above, we can explain that masturbating in public or showing genitals in public is a form of nudity so that the perpetrator can be sentenced to imprisonment for a maximum of 10 years and/or a maximum fine of IDR 5 billion. However, exhibitionism is a form of a disorder. Then, can exhibitionist sufferers be convicted? To answer this, we will refer to the provisions regarding the reasons for criminal expungement stipulated in the current [**Criminal Code**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4c7b7fd88a8c3/nprt/38/wetboek-van-strafrecht-\(wvs\)-kitab-undang-undang-hukum-pidana-\(kuhp\)?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHP), which is still applicable at the time this article was published, as well as the new Criminal Code, [**Law 1/2023**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b3943c53853/undang-undang-nomor-1-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_1_2023_KUHP_baru), which will entry into force 3 years from the date of its promulgation in 2026.[\[6\]](#_ftn6) ### **Excuses for Criminal Offenders with Mental Disorders** Summarized from the article entitled [**Can a Mentally Ill Person Be Punished?**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/apakah-seorang-yang-gila-bisa-dipidana-lt515e437b33751?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=Apakah_Seorang_yang_Gila_Bisa_Dipidana?), in criminal law, there are known reasons for the elimination of punishment, namely justification and excuse, namely: 1. **Justification** means a reason that removes the unlawful nature of a criminal act. So, the justification is seen from the side of the act (objective). For example, the act of 'taking life' that is carried out by the executor of the death penalty against death row inmates (**Article 50 Criminal Code** and **Article 31 Law 1/2023**). 2. **Excuses** are reasons that remove the guilt of the perpetrator of a criminal act, while his actions remain against the law. So, the excuse is seen from the side of the person/ perpetrator (subjective). For example, because the perpetrator is insane or crazy he cannot be held responsible for his actions. An example of an excuse can be seen in **Article 44 Criminal Code** and **Article 38 and 39 Law 1/2023**, as follows: **Criminal Code** **Law 1/2023** **Article 44 section (1)** Not punishable shall be the person who commits an act for which by reason of the defective development or sickly disorder of his mental capacities, he is not liable. **Article 38** Any Person who at the time of committing a Crime has a mental disability and/or intellectual disability may have a reduced criminal sentence and/or be subject to a measure. **Article 44 section (2)** If it is evident that he is not liable for the committed act by reason of the defective development or sickly disorder of his mental capacities, the judge may give an order that he be placed in a lunatic asylum during a probation time not exceeding the term of one year. **Article 39** Any Person who at the time of committing a Crime has a mental disability in acute relapse and accompanied by psychotic features and/or moderate or severe intellectual disability cannot be sentenced, but may be subject to a measure. What is meant by mental disability under Article 38 law 1/2023 is the disruption of thought, emotional, and behavioral functions, such as:[\[7\]](#_ftn7) 1. psychosocial, such as schizophrenia, bipolar, depression, anxiety, and personality disorder; and 2. developmental disabilities that affect social interaction skills, such as autism and hyperactivity. Intellectual disability means the disruption of thought function due to a below-average level of intelligence, such as slow learners, mental disabilities, and down syndrome.[\[8\]](#_ftn8) Criminal offenders who have mental disabilities and/or intellectual disabilities are considered less able to realize the unlawful nature of the acts committed or to act based on a conviction that can be sentenced.[\[9\]](#_ftn9) Meanwhile, under Article 39 Law 1/2023, any Person who at the time of committing a Crime has a mental disability in acute relapse and accompanied by psychotic features and/or moderate or severe intellectual disability cannot be sentenced. In order to be able to explain the inability to be held accountable from a medical perspective, it has been deemed necessary to present an expert so that the criminal offender is seen or assessed as unable to be held accountable.[\[10\]](#_ftn10) According to **R. Soesilo** in his book entitled The Criminal Code and its Complete Commentaries Article-by-Article (pp. 60-61), the reasons why the defendant cannot be punished because his actions cannot be held accountable to him are due to: 1. Defective mind. What is meant by the word "mind" here is the power of thought and the intelligence of the mind. A person may be deemed to be of a defective mind, for example: an idiot, imbecile, deaf-blind, and mute from birth. These persons are not actually sick, but because of their defects from birth, their mind remains as a child. 2. Sickness due to changes in the mind. Those which can be included in this definition for example madness, hysteria (a type of nervous disease especially in women), epilepsy, and various other mental illnesses. In relation to the mental condition of the defendant, according to R Soesilo (p. 61), **it is the judge who has the power to decide whether or not the defendant can be held accountable for his actions**, although he can also seek advice from a psychiatrist. If the judge is of the opinion that the person is not really responsible for his actions, then the person is released from all criminal charges (_ontslag van alle rechtsvervolgin_). So based on the above, to answer your question, for someone who has an exhibitionism disorder, the judge must refer to the opinion of a mental health expert and the results of a medical examination to determine whether the disorder can be equated with mental illness or mental disorder. If it turns out that the perpetrator of exhibitionism really cannot be held responsible for his/her actions, then the excuse applies to the perpetrator, so according to the Criminal Code, he/she cannot be punished/convicted or hospitalized for probation. Under Law 1/2023, if the exhibitionist sufferer is proven in a medical examination as a person with a mental disability, the punishment can be reduced. Meanwhile, if the exhibitionism sufferer is in an acute relapse condition and is accompanied by psychotic features, then they are subject to action/measure. However, to prevent similar occurrences, the judge may order the perpetrator of exhibitionism to be admitted to a mental hospital for a maximum probation period of 1 year in accordance with the provisions of Article 44 section (2) Criminal Code or may be subject to action/measure under **Article 103 section (2) Law 1/2023** in the form of: 1. rehabilitation; 2. handover to someone; 3. treatment in an institution; 4. handover to the government; and/or 5. treatment in a mental hospital. These are the answers we can provide, we hope you will find them useful. Legal Basis: 1. [Indonesian Criminal Code](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4c7b7fd88a8c3/nprt/38/wetboek-van-strafrecht-\(wvs\)-kitab-undang-undang-hukum-pidana-\(kuhp\)?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHP); 2. [Law Number 44 of 2008 on Pornography](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/28607/undangundang-nomor-44-tahun-2008?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_44_2008); 3. [Law Number 1 of 2023 on the Criminal Code](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b3943c53853/undang-undang-nomor-1-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_1_2023_KUHP_baru). Reference: 1. Ni Kadek Dwi Oktapiani dan Sagung Putri M.E. Purwani. _Pengaturan Terhadap Perilaku Eksibisionisme Berdasarkan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana._ Jurnal Kertha Wicara, Vol. 9 No. 9, 2020; 2. R. Soesilo. _Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) Serta Komentar-Komentarnya Lengkap Pasal Demi Pasal_. Politeia: Bogor, 1991; 3. [_Eksibisionisme_](https://kbbi.web.id/ekshibisionisme) (exhibitionism), accessed on Monday, 3 March 2023, at 13.31 West Indonesian Time (zone). * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Ni Kadek Dwi Oktapiani dan Sagung Putri M.E. Purwani, _Pengaturan Terhadap Perilaku Eksibisionisme Berdasarkan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana,_ Jurnal Kertha Wicara, Vol. 9 No. 9, 2020, p. 2. [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Ni Kadek Dwi Oktapiani dan Sagung Putri M.E. Purwani, _Pengaturan Terhadap Perilaku Eksibisionisme Berdasarkan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana,_ Jurnal Kertha Wicara, Vol. 9 No. 9, 2020, pp. 2-3. [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Article 10 [Law Number 44 of 2008 on Pornography](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/28607/undangundang-nomor-44-tahun-2008?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_44_2008) (“Law 44/2008”). [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Elucidation to Article 10 Law 44/2008. [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Article 36 Law 44/2008. [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Article 624 [Law Number 1 of 2023 on the Criminal Code](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b3943c53853/undang-undang-nomor-1-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_1_2023_KUHP_baru) (“Law 1/2023”). [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Elucidation to Article 38 Law 1/2023. [\[8\]](#_ftnref8) Elucidation to Article 38 Law 1/2023. [\[9\]](#_ftnref9) Elucidation to Article 38 Law 1/2023. [\[10\]](#_ftnref10) Elucidation to Article 39 Law 1/2023. Tags ---- [klinik english edition](/tag/klinik-english-edition)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.Pengertian Harta Bersama dan Harta BawaanKLINIK TERKAITKetentuan Balik Nama atas Tanah Harta Gono-Gini29 Nov 2022Bisakah Hibah Tanah Dibatalkan Agar Menjadi Harta Gono-Gini?18 Jun 2021Simak! 2 Langkah Hibah Tanah dan Bangunan ke Keluarga22 Jan 2021Sehubungan dengan pertanyaan Anda, kami asumsikan tidak terdapat perjanjian pisah harta antara Anda dan pasangan.Namun, sebelum menjawab pertanyaan Anda, perlu dilihat terlebih dahulu pengertian harta bersama dalam peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Adapun dasar hukum harta bersama yaitu Pasal 35 UU Perkawinan yang berbunyi:Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas (1) Harta benda yang diperoleh selama perkawinan menjadi harta bersama.(2) Harta bawaan dari masing-masing suami dan isteri dan harta benda yang diperoleh masing-masing sebagai hadiah atau warisan, adalah di bawah penguasaan masing-masing sepanjang para pihak tidak menentukan lain.Berdasarkan ketentuan Pasal 35 UU Perkawinan di atas, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa harta bersama adalah harta yang diperoleh oleh pasangan suami isteri selama masa perkawinan.Sementara, harta bawaan adalah harta yang diperoleh masing-masing pihak sebelum terjadinya perkawinan dan hadiah atau warisan yang diperoleh, sepanjang pasangan suami istri tersebut tidak menentukan lain. Maksud dari ‘tidak menentukan lain’ adalah tidak terdapatnya suatu perjanjian pisah harta antara pasangan suami istri tersebut.Baca juga: Perjanjian Perkawinan dan Hal yang Diatur di DalamnyaBeli Tanah Pakai Uang Orang Tua, Apakah Jadi Harta Bersama? Dalam hal Anda membeli sebidang tanah dalam masa perkawinan maka perlu ditinjau sumber uang yang digunakan untuk membeli sebidang tanah tersebut agar dapat ditentukan apakah sebidang tanah tersebut merupakan harta bersama atau harta bawaan.Berdasarkan keterangan Anda, uang untuk membeli sebidang tanah tersebut merupakan pemberian orang tua Anda, sehingga dapat dikategorikan bahwa Anda menerima pemberian hadiah atau hibah dari orang tua Anda, dengan catatan pemberian hibah tersebut harus dibuatkan suatu akta hibah yang dibuat oleh notaris.[1]Apabila Anda beragama Islam, maka terkait pertanyaan Anda perlu mengacu pada ketentuan Pasal 87 ayat (2) KHI yang berbunyi:Suami dan isteri mempunyai hak sepenuhnya untuk melakukan perbuatan hukum atas harta masing-masing berupa hibah, hadiah, sodaqah atau lainnya.Adapun yang dimaksud dengan hibah menurut KHI adalah pemberian suatu benda secara sukarela dan tanpa imbalan dari seseorang kepada orang lain yang masih hidup untuk dimiliki.[2]Dengan demikian, menurut hemat kami, sebidang tanah yang dibelikan oleh orang tua Anda tersebut merupakan hibah kepada Anda dan menjadi harta bawaan Anda dikarenakan sumber uangnya berasal dari orang tua Anda. Sebagai catatan, hibah dari orang tua Anda tersebut harus dituangkan dalam suatu akta hibah yang dibuat oleh notaris. Baca juga: Simak! 2 Langkah Hibah Tanah dan Bangunan ke Keluarga Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat.DASAR HUKUMKitab Undang-Undang Hukum PerdataUndang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang PerkawinanUndang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang PerkawinanInstruksi Presiden Nomor 1 Tahun 1992 tentang Penyebarluasan Kompilasi Hukum Islam[1] Pasal 1682 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata[2] Pasal 171 huruf g Instruksi Presiden Nomor 1 Tahun 1991 tentang Penyebarluasan Kompilasi Hukum IslamTagsharta bawaanharta bersamahibah
Saya ingin bertanya, saya telah menikah pada tahun 2010. Kemudian pada tahun 2019 kami membeli sebidang tanah dan telah dilakukan balik nama sertipikat menjadi nama saya. Uang yang digunakan untuk pembelian tanah tersebut sepenuhnya menggunakan uang orang tua saya. Apakah tanah tersebut yang dibeli menggunakan uang orang tua saya dan dibalik nama menjadi nama saya menjadi harta bersama?
Tanah yang dibeli selama masa perkawinan dengan menggunakan uang orang tua Anda, bisa dikategorikan sebagai hibah. Lantas, apakah status hibah dalam perkawinan termasuk harta bersama atau harta bawaan? Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Ketentuan Balik Nama atas Tanah Harta Gono-Gini29 Nov 2022Bisakah Hibah Tanah Dibatalkan Agar Menjadi Harta Gono-Gini?18 Jun 2021Simak! 2 Langkah Hibah Tanah dan Bangunan ke Keluarga22 Jan 2021Ketentuan Balik Nama atas Tanah Harta Gono-Gini29 Nov 2022Bisakah Hibah Tanah Dibatalkan Agar Menjadi Harta Gono-Gini?18 Jun 2021Simak! 2 Langkah Hibah Tanah dan Bangunan ke Keluarga22 Jan 2021Somasi: Pengertian, Dasar Hukum, dan Cara Membuatnya 7 Jun 2023Ini Cara Mengurus Akta Nikah yang Terlambat 30 Sep 2022Kiat-kiat Membeli Tanah Girik yang Aman4 Jun 2024Somasi: Pengertian, Dasar Hukum, dan Cara Membuatnya 7 Jun 2023Ini Cara Mengurus Akta Nikah yang Terlambat 30 Sep 2022Kiat-kiat Membeli Tanah Girik yang Aman4 Jun 2024
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/beli-tanah-pakai-uang-orang-tua-apakah-jadi-harta-bersama-lt640a8ec853aeb/
Beli Tanah Pakai Uang Orang Tua, Apakah Jadi Harta Bersama?
pages/149/page-1.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika)**.** ### **Pengertian Harta Bersama dan Harta Bawaan** ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Ketentuan Balik Nama atas Tanah Harta Gono-Gini ](/klinik/a/harta-gono-gini-lt5ceca1e9f2eb3/) ![Ketentuan Balik Nama atas Tanah Harta Gono-Gini](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt5ceca1e9f2eb3/thumbnail_lt6385fd6193f3b.jpg) 29 Nov 2022 [ #### Bisakah Hibah Tanah Dibatalkan Agar Menjadi Harta Gono-Gini? ](/klinik/a/bisakah-hibah-tanah-dibatalkan-agar-menjadi-harta-gono-gini-lt60cc7617a0ad1/) ![Bisakah Hibah Tanah Dibatalkan Agar Menjadi Harta Gono-Gini?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt60cc7617a0ad1/thumbnail_lt60cc77415c4e9.jpg) 18 Jun 2021 [ #### Simak! 2 Langkah Hibah Tanah dan Bangunan ke Keluarga ](/klinik/a/simak-2-langkah-hibah-tanah-dan-bangunan-ke-keluarga-lt51e582b1ad14c/) ![Simak! 2 Langkah Hibah Tanah dan Bangunan ke Keluarga](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt51e582b1ad14c/thumbnail_lt600ac2771c54d.jpg) 22 Jan 2021 [](#!) Sehubungan dengan pertanyaan Anda, kami asumsikan tidak terdapat perjanjian pisah harta antara Anda dan pasangan. Namun, sebelum menjawab pertanyaan Anda, perlu dilihat terlebih dahulu pengertian harta bersama dalam peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Adapun dasar hukum harta bersama yaitu **Pasal 35 [UU Perkawinan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26834/undangundang-nomor-1-tahun-1974/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_1_1974)** yang berbunyi: Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) _(1) Harta benda yang diperoleh selama perkawinan menjadi harta bersama._ _(2) Harta bawaan dari masing-masing suami dan isteri dan harta benda yang diperoleh masing-masing sebagai hadiah atau warisan, adalah di bawah penguasaan masing-masing sepanjang para pihak tidak menentukan lain._ Berdasarkan ketentuan Pasal 35 UU Perkawinan di atas, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa **harta bersama** adalah harta yang diperoleh oleh pasangan suami isteri selama masa perkawinan. Sementara, **harta bawaan** adalah harta yang diperoleh masing-masing pihak sebelum terjadinya perkawinan dan hadiah atau warisan yang diperoleh, sepanjang pasangan suami istri tersebut tidak menentukan lain. Maksud dari ‘tidak menentukan lain’ adalah tidak terdapatnya suatu perjanjian pisah harta antara pasangan suami istri tersebut. Baca juga: **[Perjanjian Perkawinan dan Hal yang Diatur di Dalamnya](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/perjanjian-perkawinan-dan-hal-yang-diatur-di-dalamnya-cl3184?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perjanjian_perkawinan)** ### **Beli Tanah Pakai Uang Orang Tua, Apakah Jadi Harta Bersama?** Dalam hal Anda membeli sebidang tanah dalam masa perkawinan maka perlu ditinjau sumber uang yang digunakan untuk membeli sebidang tanah tersebut agar dapat ditentukan apakah sebidang tanah tersebut merupakan harta bersama atau harta bawaan. Berdasarkan keterangan Anda, uang untuk membeli sebidang tanah tersebut merupakan pemberian orang tua Anda, sehingga dapat dikategorikan bahwa Anda menerima pemberian hadiah atau hibah dari orang tua Anda, dengan catatan pemberian hibah tersebut harus dibuatkan suatu akta hibah yang dibuat oleh notaris.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Apabila Anda beragama Islam, maka terkait pertanyaan Anda perlu mengacu pada ketentuan **Pasal 87 ayat (2) [KHI](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13200/instruksi-presiden-nomor-1-tahun-1991/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=khi)** yang berbunyi: _Suami dan isteri mempunyai hak sepenuhnya untuk melakukan perbuatan hukum atas harta masing-masing berupa **hibah, hadiah**, sodaqah atau lainnya._ Adapun yang dimaksud dengan hibah menurut KHI adalah pemberian suatu benda secara sukarela dan tanpa imbalan dari seseorang kepada orang lain yang masih hidup untuk dimiliki.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Dengan demikian, menurut hemat kami, sebidang tanah yang dibelikan oleh orang tua Anda tersebut merupakan hibah kepada Anda dan menjadi harta bawaan Anda dikarenakan sumber uangnya berasal dari orang tua Anda. Sebagai catatan, hibah dari orang tua Anda tersebut harus dituangkan dalam suatu akta hibah yang dibuat oleh notaris.  Baca juga: **[Simak! 2 Langkah Hibah Tanah dan Bangunan ke Keluarga](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/simak-2-langkah-hibah-tanah-dan-bangunan-ke-keluarga-lt51e582b1ad14c#!?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=langkah_hibah_tanah)** Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17229/node/686?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHPerdata) Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26834/undangundang-nomor-1-tahun-1974/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_1_1974) Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5dafedf4cd014?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_16_2019) Instruksi Presiden Nomor 1 Tahun 1992 tentang Penyebarluasan Kompilasi Hukum Islam [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13200/instruksi-presiden-nomor-1-tahun-1991/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=khi) * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Pasal 1682 [Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17229/node/686?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHPerdata) [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal 171 huruf g [Instruksi Presiden Nomor 1 Tahun 1991 tentang Penyebarluasan Kompilasi Hukum Islam](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13200/instruksi-presiden-nomor-1-tahun-1991/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=khi) Tags ---- [harta bawaan](/tag/harta-bawaan) [harta bersama](/tag/harta-bersama) [hibah](/tag/hibah)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.KLINIK TERKAITJual Gantungan Kunci Berbentuk Mi Instan, Masuk Pelanggaran Merek?14 Mar 2023Perbedaan Sistem Perlindungan Merek First to File dan First to Use20 Sep 2022Warkop Pakai Nama Merek Mi Instan Langgar Hak Merek?12 Sep 2022Jika Ada Sengketa, Ini Tanggung Jawab DJKI Atas Merek Terdaftar01 Sep 2022 Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul Perubahan Tampilan Merek, Perlukah Didaftarkan? yang dibuat oleh Lucky Setiawati, S.H. dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Selasa, 29 Januari 2013.Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas  Perlindungan MerekMerek didefinisikan dalam Pasal 1 angka 1 UU Merek sebagai tanda yang dapat ditampilkan secara grafis berupa gambar, logo, nama, kata, huruf, angka, susunan warna, dalam bentuk 2 dimensi dan/atau 3 dimensi, suara, hologram, atau kombinasi dari 2 atau lebih unsur tersebut untuk membedakan barang dan/atau jasa yang diproduksi oleh orang atau badan hukum dalam kegiatan perdagangan barang dan/atau jasa.Berdasarkan definisi di atas, dapat diketahui bahwa merek adalah suatu tanda yang menjadi pembeda terhadap suatu produk dan/atau jasa yang satu dengan lainnya, yang  digunakan dalam kegiatan perdagangan barang dan/atau jasa. Namun demikian di Indonesia, suatu merek tidak serta merta langsung mendapatkan perlindungan sejak merek digunakan dalam kegiatan perdagangan, mengingat sejak tahun 1992, Indonesia telah menganut asas konstitutif atau asas first to file yang artinya merek baru mendapatkan perlindungan hukum apabila telah didaftarkan.Baca juga: First to File atau First to Use, Indonesia Anut yang Mana?Sehingga, menurut hukum pemilik merek wajib untuk memohonkan pendaftaran merek agar dapat memperoleh perlindungan hukum, sebagaimana ditentukan dalam Pasal 1 angka 5 jo. Pasal 3 UU Merek. Contoh Perubahan Merek yang Didaftarkan Kemudian menjawab pertanyaan Anda, singkatnya perubahan pada warna dan jenis huruf yang digunakan dalam tampilan etiket atau logo merek wajib didaftarkan kembali pada Direktorat Jenderal Kekayaan Intelektual cq. Direktorat Merek dan Indikasi Geografis sesuai dengan syarat dan tata cara permohonan yang diatur dalam UU Merek.Hal ini dikarenakan perlindungan merek hanya diberikan terhadap merek yang telah terdaftar. Perubahan-perubahan baik yang bersifat minor maupun mayor dalam suatu merek apabila tidak didaftarkan, maka tidak mendapatkan perlindungan hukum, sehingga rentan untuk disalahgunakan oleh pihak lain yang beriktikad tidak baik. Sebagai contoh, terlampir beberapa merek yang sudah terdaftar namun ketika melakukan pembaharuan tetap melakukan pendaftaran ulang yang dapat Anda cek dalam Pangkalan Data Kekayaan Intelektual.Merek STARBUCKS COFFEE TEAKelas 30Daftar No. IDM000327987Merek STARBUCKSKelas 30Daftar No. IDM000264197Merek GLOBAL TV Kelas 38Daftar No. IDM000790933Merek GLOBAL TVKelas 38Daftar No. IDM000767343     Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUMUndang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 tentang Merek dan Indikasi GeografisPeraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta KerjaUndang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023REFERENSIPangkalan Data Kekayaan Intelektual, yang diakses pada 10 April 2023, pukul 07.53 WIB.Tagshak atas kekayaan intelektualhak merekmereksengketa merekuu merek
Saya mengubah warna dan jenis huruf pada merek yang saya gunakan, yang mana merek tersebut sudah saya daftarkan di Dirjen HKI. Apakah saya perlu mendaftarkan lagi perubahan merek yang sekarang?
Perubahan tampilan dalam suatu merek wajib untuk didaftarkan kembali. Hal ini dikarenakan hak atas merek hanya melindungi pemilik merek yang telah terdaftar, yang  mana Indonesia menganut asas konstitutif atau asas first to file bahwa merek baru mendapatkan perlindungan hukum apabila telah didaftarkan.   Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Jual Gantungan Kunci Berbentuk Mi Instan, Masuk Pelanggaran Merek?14 Mar 2023Perbedaan Sistem Perlindungan Merek First to File dan First to Use20 Sep 2022Warkop Pakai Nama Merek Mi Instan Langgar Hak Merek?12 Sep 2022Jika Ada Sengketa, Ini Tanggung Jawab DJKI Atas Merek Terdaftar01 Sep 2022Jual Gantungan Kunci Berbentuk Mi Instan, Masuk Pelanggaran Merek?14 Mar 2023Perbedaan Sistem Perlindungan Merek First to File dan First to Use20 Sep 2022Warkop Pakai Nama Merek Mi Instan Langgar Hak Merek?12 Sep 2022Jika Ada Sengketa, Ini Tanggung Jawab DJKI Atas Merek Terdaftar01 Sep 2022Cara dan Biaya Mengurus Perceraian Tanpa Pengacara25 Apr 2024Baca Tips Ini Sebelum Menggunakan Karya Cipta Milik Umum28 Feb 2023Tips Agar Terhindar dari Jebakan Saham Gorengan15 Agu 2023Cara dan Biaya Mengurus Perceraian Tanpa Pengacara25 Apr 2024Baca Tips Ini Sebelum Menggunakan Karya Cipta Milik Umum28 Feb 2023Tips Agar Terhindar dari Jebakan Saham Gorengan15 Agu 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/tampilan-merek-berubah--perlukah-didaftarkan-kembali-lt4f8d40ca94dcd/
Tampilan Merek Berubah, Perlukah Didaftarkan Kembali?
pages/149/page-2.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Jual Gantungan Kunci Berbentuk Mi Instan, Masuk Pelanggaran Merek? ](/klinik/a/jual-gantungan-kunci-berbentuk-mi-instan-masuk-pelanggaran-merek-lt62f480831966b/) ![Jual Gantungan Kunci Berbentuk Mi Instan, Masuk Pelanggaran Merek?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt62f480831966b/thumbnail_lt641051f8b8e31.jpg) 14 Mar 2023 [ #### Perbedaan Sistem Perlindungan Merek _First to File_ dan _First to Use_ ](/klinik/a/perbedaan-sistem-perlindungan-merek-ifirst-to-file-i-dan-ifirst-to-use-i-lt632997537ca5d/) ![Perbedaan Sistem Perlindungan Merek <i>First to File</i> dan <i>First to Use</i>](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt632997537ca5d/thumbnail_lt6329983d50bf0.jpg) 20 Sep 2022 [ #### Warkop Pakai Nama Merek Mi Instan Langgar Hak Merek? ](/klinik/a/warkop-pakai-nama-merek-mi-instan-langgar-hak-merek-lt631f0d7cc39d0/) ![Warkop Pakai Nama Merek Mi Instan Langgar Hak Merek?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt631f0d7cc39d0/thumbnail_lt631f0ecba5c5f.jpg) 12 Sep 2022 [ #### Jika Ada Sengketa, Ini Tanggung Jawab DJKI Atas Merek Terdaftar ](/klinik/a/jika-ada-sengketa-ini-tanggung-jawab-djki-atas-merek-terdaftar-lt6310586d8c439/) ![Jika Ada Sengketa, Ini Tanggung Jawab DJKI Atas Merek Terdaftar](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt6310586d8c439/thumbnail_lt63105983b7597.jpg) 01 Sep 2022 [](#!) **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul _Perubahan Tampilan Merek, Perlukah Didaftarkan?_ yang dibuat oleh** **[Lucky Setiawati, S.H.](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/globomark-lt4f4f358c51680/lucky-setiawati-sh-lt4eca232595d27)** **dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Selasa, 29 Januari 2013.** Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) ### **Perlindungan Merek** Merek didefinisikan dalam **Pasal 1 angka 1 [UU Merek](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5850fd588be8e/undang-undang-nomor-20-tahun-2016?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_20_2016)** sebagai tanda yang dapat ditampilkan secara grafis berupa gambar, logo, nama, kata, huruf, angka, susunan warna, dalam bentuk 2 dimensi dan/atau 3 dimensi, suara, hologram, atau kombinasi dari 2 atau lebih unsur tersebut untuk membedakan barang dan/atau jasa yang diproduksi oleh orang atau badan hukum dalam kegiatan perdagangan barang dan/atau jasa. Berdasarkan definisi di atas, dapat diketahui bahwa merek adalah suatu tanda yang menjadi pembeda terhadap suatu produk dan/atau jasa yang satu dengan lainnya, yang  digunakan dalam kegiatan perdagangan barang dan/atau jasa. Namun demikian di Indonesia, suatu merek tidak serta merta langsung mendapatkan perlindungan sejak merek digunakan dalam kegiatan perdagangan, mengingat sejak tahun 1992, Indonesia telah menganut asas konstitutif atau asas _first to file_ yang artinya merek baru mendapatkan perlindungan hukum apabila telah didaftarkan. Baca juga: **_[First to File atau First to Use, Indonesia Anut yang Mana?](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/ifirst-to-file-i-atau-ifirst-to-use-i--indonesia-anut-yang-mana-lt62e7a7ed3521a?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=first_to_file)_** Sehingga, menurut hukum pemilik merek wajib untuk memohonkan pendaftaran merek agar dapat memperoleh perlindungan hukum, sebagaimana ditentukan dalam **Pasal 1 angka 5 _jo._ Pasal 3 UU Merek**. ### **Contoh Perubahan Merek yang Didaftarkan** Kemudian menjawab pertanyaan Anda, singkatnya perubahan pada warna dan jenis huruf yang digunakan dalam tampilan etiket atau logo merek wajib didaftarkan kembali pada Direktorat Jenderal Kekayaan Intelektual _cq._ Direktorat Merek dan Indikasi Geografis sesuai dengan syarat dan tata cara permohonan yang diatur dalam UU Merek. Hal ini dikarenakan perlindungan merek hanya diberikan terhadap merek yang telah terdaftar. Perubahan-perubahan baik yang bersifat minor maupun mayor dalam suatu merek apabila tidak didaftarkan, maka tidak mendapatkan perlindungan hukum, sehingga rentan untuk disalahgunakan oleh pihak lain yang beriktikad tidak baik. Sebagai contoh, terlampir beberapa merek yang sudah terdaftar namun ketika melakukan pembaharuan tetap melakukan pendaftaran ulang yang dapat Anda cek dalam **[Pangkalan Data Kekayaan Intelektual](https://pdki-indonesia.dgip.go.id/)**. Merek **STARBUCKS COFFEE TEA** Kelas 30 Daftar No. IDM000327987 Merek **STARBUCKS** Kelas 30 Daftar No. IDM000264197 ![https://pdki-indonesia-api.dgip.go.id/storage/data-merek/application-brand/2010/04/06/D002010012369.jpg](https://pdki-indonesia-api.dgip.go.id/storage/data-merek/application-brand/2010/04/06/D002010012369.jpg) ![https://pdki-indonesia-api.dgip.go.id/storage/data-merek/application-brand/2005/03/16/R002004006600.jpg](https://pdki-indonesia-api.dgip.go.id/storage/data-merek/application-brand/2005/03/16/R002004006600.jpg) Merek **GLOBAL TV** Kelas 38 Daftar No. IDM000790933 Merek **GLOBAL TV** Kelas 38 Daftar No. IDM000767343     ![https://pdki-indonesia-api.dgip.go.id/storage/data-merek/application-brand/2012/10/30/J002012024179.jpg](https://pdki-indonesia-api.dgip.go.id/storage/data-merek/application-brand/2012/10/30/J002012024179.jpg) ![https://pdki-indonesia-api.dgip.go.id/storage/data-merek/application-brand/2017/10/10/JID2017051236.jpg](https://pdki-indonesia-api.dgip.go.id/storage/data-merek/application-brand/2017/10/10/JID2017051236.jpg) Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5850fd588be8e/undang-undang-nomor-20-tahun-2016?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_20_2016) Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022) Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023 [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6427eaaee8a1f/undang-undang-nomor-6-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_6_2023) REFERENSI --------- [Pangkalan Data Kekayaan Intelektual](https://pdki-indonesia.dgip.go.id/), yang diakses pada 10 April 2023, pukul 07.53 WIB. Tags ---- [hak atas kekayaan intelektual](/tag/hak-atas-kekayaan-intelektual) [hak merek](/tag/hak-merek) [merek](/tag/merek) [sengketa merek](/tag/sengketa-merek) [uu merek](/tag/uu-merek)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran kedua dari artikel dengan judul sama yang dibuat oleh Sovia Hasanah, S.H. dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada 9 Januari 2018 kemudian dimutakhirkan pada Rabu, 8 September 2021 oleh Erizka Permatasari, S.H.KLINIK TERKAITSyarat dan Ketentuan Impor Snack di Indonesia 25 Jun 2024Ini Syarat Barang Pribadi yang Tidak Kena Bea Cukai27 Mar 2023Bolehkah Impor Obat-Obatan dari Luar Negeri untuk Pribadi?01 Des 2022Dasar Hukum Penetapan Tarif Cukai Cairan Vape (Rokok Elektrik)14 Feb 2018Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.Ketentuan Impor Kosmetika di IndonesiaSebelum menjawab inti pertanyaan Anda, sebaiknya kita pahami terlebih dahulu apa yang dimaksud dengan impor. Impor adalah pembelian barang dan jasa dari luar negeri ke dalam negeri dengan perjanjian kerjasama antara 2 (dua) negara atau lebih. Impor juga bisa dikatakan sebagai perdagangan dengan cara memasukkan barang dari luar negeri ke wilayah Indonesia dengan memenuhi ketentuan yang berlaku. Impor juga merupakan proses transportasi barang atau komoditas dari suatu negara ke negara lain secara legal yang dilakukan dalam proses perdagangan.[1]Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Definisi impor tersebut sesuai dengan ketentuan UU 7/2014, yang menegaskan bahwa impor adalah kegiatan memasukkan barang ke dalam daerah pabean,[2] yaitu wilayah Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (“NKRI”) yang meliputi wilayah darat, perairan, ruang udara di atasnya, serta tempat tertentu di Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif dan landas kontinen, dan di dalamnya berlaku Undang-Undang Kepabeanan.[3] Secara sederhana, impor dapat dipahami sebagai masuknya barang yang berasal dari luar wilayah NKRI ke dalam wilayah NKRI. Kemudian, berdasarkan Pasal 1 angka 14 PBPOM 27/2022, kosmetika adalah bahan atau sediaan yang dimaksudkan untuk digunakan pada bagian luar tubuh manusia seperti epidermis, rambut, kuku, bibir dan organ genital bagian luar, atau gigi dan membran mukosa mulut terutama untuk membersihkan, mewangikan, mengubah penampilan dan/atau memperbaiki bau badan atau melindungi atau memelihara tubuh pada kondisi baik.Selanjutnya, kami akan jelaskan beberapa ketentuan yang harus ditaati saat hendak mengimpor kosmetika di Indonesia.Memiliki izin edar dan memenuhi ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan di bidang imporPada dasarnya, obat dan makanan termasuk didalamnya kosmetika yang dimasukkan/diimpor ke dalam wilayah Indonesia, yang jika diedarkan wajib memiliki izin edar dan memenuhi ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan di bidang impor.[4]Yang dimaksud dengan izin edar adalah bentuk persetujuan registrasi obat, obat tradisional, obat kuasi, suplemen kesehatan dan pangan olahan atau bentuk persetujuan berupa pemberitahuan kosmetika telah dinotifikasi, pemenuhan komitmen pangan olahan dan persetujuan pangan olahan untuk dapat diedarkan di wilayah Indonesia.[5]Mendapat persetujuan dari Kepala BPOMKemudian, pemasukan kosmetika ke wilayah Indonesia juga wajib mendapat persetujuan dari Kepada Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (“BPOM”)[6] yang berupa:[7]Surat Keterangan Impor Border (“SKI Border”)SKI Border adalah surat persetujuan pemasukan barang ke dalam wilayah Indonesia yang wajib dipenuhi sebelum barang dikeluarkan dari kawasan pabean dalam rangka pengawasan peredaran obat dan makanan.[8] Obat dan/atau obat tradisional yang dimasukan ke dalam wilayah Indonesia wajib memiliki SKI Border pada saat pengajuan pemberitahuan impor yang dikeluarkan oleh instansi yang berwenang.[9]Surat Keterangan Impor Post Border (“SKI Post Border”)SKI Post Border adalah surat persetujuan pemasukan barang ke dalam wilayah Indonesia yang dipenuhi sebelum atau setelah pengeluaran barang dari kawasan pabean dalam rangka pengawasan peredaran obat dan makanan.[10] Obat kuasi, suplemen kesehatan, kosmetika, dan/atau pangan olahan yang dimasukan ke dalam wilayah Indonesia wajib memiliki SKI Post Border paling lambat 7 (tujuh) hari terhitung sejak tanggal terbit surat persetujuan pengeluaran barang.[11]Pemohon SKI Post Border dapat mengajukan permohonan SKI Post Border sebelum mendapatkan nomor dan tanggal pendaftaran pemberitahuan impor barang.[12]Sebagai informasi, SKI Border atau SKI Post Border hanya berlaku untuk 1 (satu) kali pemasukan.[13] Kemudian, impor obat berupa narkotika, psikotropika, atau prekursor farmasi dikecualikan mendapat persetujuan dari Kepala BPOM, tetapi harus memenuhi persyaratan analisa hasil pengawasan dan surat persetujuan impor sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan.[14]Minimal masa simpanKosmetika yang dimasukkan ke dalam wilayah Indonesia pada saat pengajuan permohonan SKI Border atau SKI Post Border harus memiliki masa simpan paling singkat 1/3 (satu pertiga) dari masa simpan.[15]Hanya dapat dilakukan oleh pemegang izin edar atau kuasanyaImpor kosmetika hanya dapat dilakukan oleh pemegang izin edar atau kuasanya,[16] dan pemegang izin edar obat dapat memberikan kuasa kepada industri farmasi lain, pedagang besar farmasi importir, atau instansi pemerintah sebagai pelaksana impor obat.[17] Jika impor dilakukan oleh kuasanya, maka:[18]kuasa tersebut harus memiliki izin sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan;pemasukan dan peredaran produk jadi tanggung jawab pemegang izin edar; surat kuasa harus mencantumkan alamat dan status gudang tempat penyimpanan produk dengan jelas; dan pelulusan mutu obat sebelum beredar tetap dilakukan oleh pemegang izin edar.Ketentuan Hukum Impor Kosmetika untuk Keperluan PribadiLalu bagaimana jika Anda membeli kosmetika dari luar negeri untuk digunakan sendiri? Pada dasarnya, obat dan makanan termasuk kosmetika yang belum memiliki izin edar dapat dimasukkan ke dalam wilayah Indonesia untuk keperluan tertentu, salah satunya adalah penggunaan pribadi.[19] Hal tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan melalui mekanisme jalur khusus atau Special Access Scheme (“SAS”),[20] yang merupakan pemasukan obat yang tidak/belum memiliki izin edar atau bahan obat untuk keperluan tertentu yang sangat dibutuhkan ke dalam wilayah Indonesia melalui jalur khusus.[21]Impor kosmetika dengan keperluan penggunaan pribadi dapat dilakukan melalui beberapa metode seperti:[22] jasa pengiriman/pengangkutan/penyelenggara pos;barang bawaan penumpang;barang awak sarana pengangkut; atau barang pelintas batas.Selain itu, perlu diperhatikan bahwa impor tersebut harus memenuhi persyaratan yaitu tidak untuk diperjualbelikan dan dalam jumlah terbatas sesuai dengan kebutuhan.[23] Adapun batasan jumlah yang dimaksud dapat Anda akses pada Lampiran III PBPOM 27/2022. Kemudian, Direktorat Jenderal Bea dan Cukai melakukan pengawasan[24] yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan formulir pemberitahuan pemasukan obat dan makanan untuk keperluan pribadi yang tercantum dalam Lampiran II PBPOM 27/2022.[25]Baca juga: Impor Pakaian Bekas di Indonesia, Bagaimana Legalitasnya?Kesimpulannya, produk kosmetika yang akan diimpor ke Indonesia untuk diedarkan harus memiliki izin edar, memenuhi ketentuan impor, mendapat persetujuan Kepala BPOM, , memiliki minimal masa simpan, dan hanya dapat diimpor oleh pemegang izin edar atau kuasanya. Namun, jika Anda hendak mengimpor kosmetika untuk keperluan penggunaan sendiri, maka pengiriman dapat menempuh mekanisme jalur khusus atau SAS yang salah satunya adalah melalui jasa pengiriman. Akan tetapi, Anda wajib memenuhi persyaratan yaitu kosmetika tidak untuk diperjualbelikan dan dalam jumlah terbatas sesuai dengan kebutuhan.Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat.DASAR HUKUMUndang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2014 tentang PerdaganganPeraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta KerjaUndang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023Peraturan Badan Pengawas Obat Dan Makanan Nomor 27 Tahun 2022 tentang Pengawasan Pemasukan Obat dan Makanan ke dalam Wilayah IndonesiaPeraturan Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Nomor 30 Tahun 2022 tentang Pemasukan Obat dan Bahan Obat Melalui Mekanisme Jalur Khusus (Special Access Scheme)REFERENSIJimmy Benny. Ekspor dan Impor Pengaruhnya Terhadap Posisi Cadangan Devisa di Indonesia. Jurnal EMBA, Vol. 1, No. 4, 2013.[1] Jimmy Benny. Ekspor dan Impor Pengaruhnya Terhadap Posisi Cadangan Devisa di Indonesia. Jurnal EMBA, Vol. 1, No. 4, 2013, hal. 1408.[2] Pasal 1 angka 18 Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2014 tentang Perdagangan (“UU 7/2014”).[3] Pasal 1 angka 15 UU 7/2014.[4] Pasal 1 angka 1 dan Pasal 2 ayat (1) dan (2) Peraturan Badan Pengawas Obat Dan Makanan Nomor 27 Tahun 2022 tentang Pengawasan Pemasukan Obat dan Makanan ke dalam Wilayah Indonesia (“PBPOM 27/2022”).[5] Pasal 1 angka 5 PBPOM 27/2022.[6] Pasal 3 ayat (1) PBPOM 27/2022.[7] Pasal 3 ayat (2) PBPOM 27/2022.[8] Pasal 1 angka 3 BPOM 27/2022.[9] Pasal 3 ayat (4) PBPOM 27/2022.[10] Pasal 1 angka 4 PBPOM 27/2022.[11] Pasal 3 ayat (5) PBPOM 27/2022.[12] Pasal 3 ayat (6) PBPOM 27/2022.[13] Pasal 3 ayat (3) PBPOM 27/2022.[14] Pasal 3 ayat (7) PBPOM 27/2022.[15] Pasal 4 ayat (1) huruf c PBPOM 27/2022.[16] Pasal 6 ayat (1) PBPOM 27/2022.[17] Pasal 6 ayat (2) PBPOM 27/2022.[18] Pasal 6 ayat (4) PBPOM 27/2022.[19] Pasal 37 ayat (1) dan ayat (2) huruf a PBPOM 27/2022.[20] Pasal 39 ayat (1) PBPOM 27/2022.[21] Pasal 1 angka (4) Peraturan Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Nomor 30 Tahun 2022 tentang Pemasukan Obat dan Bahan Obat Melalui Mekanisme Jalur Khusus (Special Access Scheme) (“PBPOM 30/2022”).[22] Pasal 40 ayat (1) PBPOM 27/2022.[23] Pasal 42 ayat (1) PBPOM 27/2022.[24] Pasal 43 ayat (1) PBPOM 27/2022.[25] Pasal 39 ayat (6) PBPOM 27/2022.Tagsgooglehukumhukumonlineklinikklinik hukumonlineobatperlindungan konsumen
Saya baca dari artikel Klinik Hukumonline kalau obat komsumsi pribadi diperbolehkan masuk ke Indonesia dengan adanya Izin SAS dari BPOM. Pertanyaan saya, bagaimana dengan kosmetika yang sering kita beli dari luar negeri? Saat ini banyak sekali muda-mudi yang tergila-gila dengan kosmetika dari negeri ginseng Korea. Tidak sedikit yang membeli langsung online dan dikirim langsung dari Korea karena di Indonesia tidak ada. Bisakah mengimpor produk-produk kosmetika tersebut secara perorangan untuk diimpor masuk ke dalam negeri dan untuk dipakai sendiri?
Pada dasarnya, ketentuan impor kosmetika dari luar negeri bagi importir yang akan mengedarkan kembali dan bagi perorangan untuk penggunaan/keperluan pribadi memiliki ketentuan yang berbeda. Terdapat mekanisme jalur khusus atau Special Access Scheme (“SAS”) untuk mengimpor kosmetika dengan tujuan penggunaan pribadi. Apa yang dimaksud dengan SAS dan bagaimana ketentuannya? Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Syarat dan Ketentuan Impor Snack di Indonesia 25 Jun 2024Ini Syarat Barang Pribadi yang Tidak Kena Bea Cukai27 Mar 2023Bolehkah Impor Obat-Obatan dari Luar Negeri untuk Pribadi?01 Des 2022Dasar Hukum Penetapan Tarif Cukai Cairan Vape (Rokok Elektrik)14 Feb 2018Syarat dan Ketentuan Impor Snack di Indonesia 25 Jun 2024Ini Syarat Barang Pribadi yang Tidak Kena Bea Cukai27 Mar 2023Bolehkah Impor Obat-Obatan dari Luar Negeri untuk Pribadi?01 Des 2022Dasar Hukum Penetapan Tarif Cukai Cairan Vape (Rokok Elektrik)14 Feb 2018Jika Polisi Menolak Laporan Masyarakat, Lakukan Ini15 Jan 2024Pasal Penipuan Online untuk Menjerat Pelaku27 Des 2022Cara Mengurus Akta Cerai yang Hilang19 Mei 2023Jika Polisi Menolak Laporan Masyarakat, Lakukan Ini15 Jan 2024Pasal Penipuan Online untuk Menjerat Pelaku27 Des 2022Cara Mengurus Akta Cerai yang Hilang19 Mei 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/mau-beli-kosmetika-dari-luar-negeri-begini-aturannya-lt5a4ee304ea7e0/
Mau Beli Kosmetika dari Luar Negeri? Begini Aturannya
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran kedua dari artikel dengan judul** **sama** **yang dibuat oleh** **[Sovia Hasanah, S.H.](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/penjawab/lt57d2913a130b4/mitra/lt4b457ff0c3e1b/sovia-hasanah--sh/)** **dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada 9 Januari 2018 kemudian dimutakhirkan pada Rabu, 8 September 2021 oleh [Erizka Permatasari, S.H.](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/erizka-permatasari--sh-lt5f8445b8eca72)** ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Syarat dan Ketentuan Impor _Snack_ di Indonesia ](/klinik/a/syarat-dan-ketentuan-impor-snack-di-indonesia-lt59decc91b0c11/) ![Syarat dan Ketentuan Impor <i>Snack</i> di Indonesia ](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt59decc91b0c11/thumbnail_lt59e090249fb76.jpg) 25 Jun 2024 [ #### Ini Syarat Barang Pribadi yang Tidak Kena Bea Cukai ](/klinik/a/barang-yang-tidak-kena-bea-cukai-lt58537edd7a26f/) ![Ini Syarat Barang Pribadi yang Tidak Kena Bea Cukai](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt58537edd7a26f/thumbnail_lt5875dc36670a9.jpg) 27 Mar 2023 [ #### Bolehkah Impor Obat-Obatan dari Luar Negeri untuk Pribadi? ](/klinik/a/impor-obat-obatan-lt5a0bf7bf80415/) ![Bolehkah Impor Obat-Obatan dari Luar Negeri untuk Pribadi?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt5a0bf7bf80415/thumbnail_lt5a1bee9eb81b2.jpg) 01 Des 2022 [ #### Dasar Hukum Penetapan Tarif Cukai Cairan _Vape_ (Rokok Elektrik) ](/klinik/a/dasar-hukum-penetapan-tarif-cukai-cairan-ivape-i-rokok-elektrik-lt5a138d4811698/) ![Dasar Hukum Penetapan Tarif Cukai Cairan <i>Vape</i> (Rokok Elektrik)](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt5a138d4811698/thumbnail_lt5a13e85eed921.jpg) 14 Feb 2018 [](#!) Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Ketentuan Impor Kosmetika di Indonesia** Sebelum menjawab inti pertanyaan Anda, sebaiknya kita pahami terlebih dahulu apa yang dimaksud dengan [impor](https://www.hukumonline.com/kamus/i/impor). Impor adalah pembelian barang dan jasa dari luar negeri ke dalam negeri dengan perjanjian kerjasama antara 2 (dua) negara atau lebih. Impor juga bisa dikatakan sebagai perdagangan dengan cara memasukkan barang dari luar negeri ke wilayah Indonesia dengan memenuhi ketentuan yang berlaku. Impor juga merupakan proses transportasi barang atau komoditas dari suatu negara ke negara lain secara legal yang dilakukan dalam proses perdagangan.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Definisi impor tersebut sesuai dengan ketentuan **[UU 7/2014](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5332a3e55eb82/undang-undang-nomor-7-tahun-2014?r=1&p=1&q=uu%207%202014&rs=1847&re=2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_7_2014)**, yang menegaskan bahwa impor adalah kegiatan memasukkan barang ke dalam daerah pabean,[\[2\]](#_ftn2) yaitu wilayah Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (“NKRI”) yang meliputi wilayah darat, perairan, ruang udara di atasnya, serta tempat tertentu di Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif dan landas kontinen, dan di dalamnya berlaku Undang-Undang Kepabeanan.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Secara sederhana, impor dapat dipahami sebagai masuknya barang yang berasal dari luar wilayah NKRI ke dalam wilayah NKRI. Kemudian, berdasarkan **Pasal 1 angka 14 [PBPOM 27/2022](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63845d210e2fe#?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=PBPOM_27_2022)**, kosmetika adalah bahan atau sediaan yang dimaksudkan untuk digunakan pada bagian luar tubuh manusia seperti epidermis, rambut, kuku, bibir dan organ genital bagian luar, atau gigi dan membran mukosa mulut terutama untuk membersihkan, mewangikan, mengubah penampilan dan/atau memperbaiki bau badan atau melindungi atau memelihara tubuh pada kondisi baik. Selanjutnya, kami akan jelaskan beberapa ketentuan yang harus ditaati saat hendak mengimpor kosmetika di Indonesia. 1. **Memiliki izin** **edar dan memenuhi ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan di bidang impor** Pada dasarnya, obat dan makanan termasuk didalamnya kosmetika yang dimasukkan/diimpor ke dalam wilayah Indonesia, yang jika diedarkan wajib memiliki izin edar dan memenuhi ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan di bidang impor.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) Yang dimaksud dengan izin edar adalah bentuk persetujuan registrasi obat, obat tradisional, obat kuasi, suplemen kesehatan dan pangan olahan atau bentuk persetujuan berupa pemberitahuan kosmetika telah dinotifikasi, pemenuhan komitmen pangan olahan dan persetujuan pangan olahan untuk dapat diedarkan di wilayah Indonesia.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) 2. **Mendapat persetujuan dari Kepala BPOM** Kemudian, pemasukan kosmetika ke wilayah Indonesia juga wajib mendapat persetujuan dari Kepada Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (“BPOM”)[\[6\]](#_ftn6) yang berupa:[\[7\]](#_ftn7) 1. 1. **Surat Keterangan Impor _Border_ (“SKI _Border_”)** SKI _Border_ adalah surat persetujuan pemasukan barang ke dalam wilayah Indonesia yang wajib dipenuhi sebelum barang dikeluarkan dari kawasan pabean dalam rangka pengawasan peredaran obat dan makanan.[\[8\]](#_ftn8) Obat dan/atau obat tradisional yang dimasukan ke dalam wilayah Indonesia wajib memiliki SKI _Border_ pada saat pengajuan pemberitahuan impor yang dikeluarkan oleh instansi yang berwenang.[\[9\]](#_ftn9) 1. 2. **Surat Keterangan Impor _Post Border_ (“SKI _Post Border_”)** SKI _Post Border_ adalah surat persetujuan pemasukan barang ke dalam wilayah Indonesia yang dipenuhi sebelum atau setelah pengeluaran barang dari kawasan pabean dalam rangka pengawasan peredaran obat dan makanan.[\[10\]](#_ftn10) Obat kuasi, suplemen kesehatan, kosmetika, dan/atau pangan olahan yang dimasukan ke dalam wilayah Indonesia wajib memiliki SKI _Post Border_ paling lambat 7 (tujuh) hari terhitung sejak tanggal terbit surat persetujuan pengeluaran barang.[\[11\]](#_ftn11) Pemohon SKI _Post Border_ dapat mengajukan permohonan SKI _Post Border_ sebelum mendapatkan nomor dan tanggal pendaftaran pemberitahuan impor barang.[\[12\]](#_ftn12) Sebagai informasi, SKI _Border_ atau SKI _Post Border_ hanya berlaku untuk 1 (satu) kali pemasukan.[\[13\]](#_ftn13) Kemudian, impor obat berupa narkotika, psikotropika, atau prekursor farmasi dikecualikan mendapat persetujuan dari Kepala BPOM, tetapi harus memenuhi persyaratan analisa hasil pengawasan dan surat persetujuan impor sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan.[\[14\]](#_ftn14) 3. **Minimal masa simpan** Kosmetika yang dimasukkan ke dalam wilayah Indonesia pada saat pengajuan permohonan SKI _Border_ atau SKI _Post_ _Border_ harus memiliki masa simpan paling singkat 1/3 (satu pertiga) dari masa simpan.[\[15\]](#_ftn15) 4. **Hanya dapat dilakukan oleh pemegang izin edar atau kuasanya** Impor kosmetika hanya dapat dilakukan oleh pemegang izin edar atau kuasanya,[\[16\]](#_ftn16) dan pemegang izin edar obat dapat memberikan kuasa kepada industri farmasi lain, pedagang besar farmasi importir, atau instansi pemerintah sebagai pelaksana impor obat.[\[17\]](#_ftn17) Jika impor dilakukan oleh kuasanya, maka:[\[18\]](#_ftn18) 1. kuasa tersebut harus memiliki izin sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan; 2. pemasukan dan peredaran produk jadi tanggung jawab pemegang izin edar; 3. surat kuasa harus mencantumkan alamat dan status gudang tempat penyimpanan produk dengan jelas; dan 4. pelulusan mutu obat sebelum beredar tetap dilakukan oleh pemegang izin edar. ### **Ketentuan Hukum** **Impor Kosmetika untuk Keperluan Pribadi** Lalu bagaimana jika Anda membeli kosmetika dari luar negeri untuk digunakan sendiri? Pada dasarnya, obat dan makanan termasuk kosmetika yang belum memiliki izin edar dapat dimasukkan ke dalam wilayah Indonesia untuk keperluan tertentu, salah satunya adalah penggunaan pribadi.[\[19\]](#_ftn19) Hal tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan melalui mekanisme jalur khusus atau S_pecial Access Scheme_ (“SAS”),[\[20\]](#_ftn20) yang merupakan pemasukan obat yang tidak/belum memiliki izin edar atau bahan obat untuk keperluan tertentu yang sangat dibutuhkan ke dalam wilayah Indonesia melalui jalur khusus.[\[21\]](#_ftn21) Impor kosmetika dengan keperluan penggunaan pribadi dapat dilakukan melalui beberapa metode seperti:[\[22\]](#_ftn22) 1. 1. jasa pengiriman/pengangkutan/penyelenggara pos; 2. barang bawaan penumpang; 3. barang awak sarana pengangkut; atau 4. barang pelintas batas. Selain itu, perlu diperhatikan bahwa impor tersebut harus memenuhi persyaratan yaitu **tidak untuk diperjualbelikan** dan **dalam jumlah terbatas sesuai dengan kebutuhan**.[\[23\]](#_ftn23) Adapun batasan jumlah yang dimaksud dapat Anda akses pada **Lampiran III PBPOM 27/2022**. Kemudian, Direktorat Jenderal Bea dan Cukai melakukan pengawasan[\[24\]](#_ftn24) yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan formulir pemberitahuan pemasukan obat dan makanan untuk keperluan pribadi yang tercantum dalam **Lampiran II PBPOM 27/2022**.[\[25\]](#_ftn25) Baca juga: **[Impor Pakaian Bekas di Indonesia, Bagaimana Legalitasnya?](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/impor-pakaian-bekas-di-indonesia--bagaimana-legalitasnya-lt56a826fd89e27/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=impor_pakaian_bekas_di_indonesia)** Kesimpulannya, produk kosmetika yang akan diimpor ke Indonesia untuk diedarkan harus memiliki izin edar, memenuhi ketentuan impor, mendapat persetujuan Kepala BPOM, , memiliki minimal masa simpan, dan hanya dapat diimpor oleh pemegang izin edar atau kuasanya. Namun, jika Anda hendak mengimpor kosmetika untuk keperluan penggunaan sendiri, maka pengiriman dapat menempuh mekanisme jalur khusus atau SAS yang salah satunya adalah melalui jasa pengiriman. Akan tetapi, Anda wajib memenuhi persyaratan yaitu kosmetika tidak untuk diperjualbelikan dan dalam jumlah terbatas sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2014 tentang Perdagangan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5332a3e55eb82/undang-undang-nomor-7-tahun-2014?r=1&p=1&q=uu%207%202014&rs=1847&re=2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_7_2014) Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022) Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023 [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6427eaaee8a1f/undang-undang-nomor-6-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_6_2023) Peraturan Badan Pengawas Obat Dan Makanan Nomor 27 Tahun 2022 tentang Pengawasan Pemasukan Obat dan Makanan ke dalam Wilayah Indonesia [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63845d210e2fe#?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=PBPOM_27_2022) Peraturan Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Nomor 30 Tahun 2022 tentang Pemasukan Obat dan Bahan Obat Melalui Mekanisme Jalur Khusus (Special Access Scheme) [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt639975df17981/peraturan-badan-pengawas-obat-dan-makanan-nomor-30-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pbpom_30_2022) REFERENSI --------- Jimmy Benny. Ekspor dan Impor Pengaruhnya Terhadap Posisi Cadangan Devisa di Indonesia. Jurnal EMBA, Vol. 1, No. 4, 2013. * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Jimmy Benny. Ekspor dan Impor Pengaruhnya Terhadap Posisi Cadangan Devisa di Indonesia. Jurnal EMBA, Vol. 1, No. 4, 2013, hal. 1408. [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal 1 angka 18 [Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2014 tentang Perdagangan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5332a3e55eb82/undang-undang-nomor-7-tahun-2014?r=1&p=1&q=uu%207%202014&rs=1847&re=2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_7_2014) (“UU 7/2014”). [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 1 angka 15 UU 7/2014. [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 1 angka 1 dan Pasal 2 ayat (1) dan (2) [Peraturan Badan Pengawas Obat Dan Makanan Nomor 27 Tahun 2022 tentang Pengawasan Pemasukan Obat dan Makanan ke dalam Wilayah Indonesia](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63845d210e2fe#?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=PBPOM_27_2022) (“PBPOM 27/2022”). [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Pasal 1 angka 5 PBPOM 27/2022. [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Pasal 3 ayat (1) PBPOM 27/2022. [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Pasal 3 ayat (2) PBPOM 27/2022. [\[8\]](#_ftnref8) Pasal 1 angka 3 BPOM 27/2022. [\[9\]](#_ftnref9) Pasal 3 ayat (4) PBPOM 27/2022. [\[10\]](#_ftnref10) Pasal 1 angka 4 PBPOM 27/2022. [\[11\]](#_ftnref11) Pasal 3 ayat (5) PBPOM 27/2022. [\[12\]](#_ftnref12) Pasal 3 ayat (6) PBPOM 27/2022. [\[13\]](#_ftnref13) Pasal 3 ayat (3) PBPOM 27/2022. [\[14\]](#_ftnref14) Pasal 3 ayat (7) PBPOM 27/2022. [\[15\]](#_ftnref15) Pasal 4 ayat (1) huruf c PBPOM 27/2022. [\[16\]](#_ftnref16) Pasal 6 ayat (1) PBPOM 27/2022. [\[17\]](#_ftnref17) Pasal 6 ayat (2) PBPOM 27/2022. [\[18\]](#_ftnref18) Pasal 6 ayat (4) PBPOM 27/2022. [\[19\]](#_ftnref19) Pasal 37 ayat (1) dan ayat (2) huruf a PBPOM 27/2022. [\[20\]](#_ftnref20) Pasal 39 ayat (1) PBPOM 27/2022. [\[21\]](#_ftnref21) Pasal 1 angka (4) [Peraturan Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Nomor 30 Tahun 2022 tentang Pemasukan Obat dan Bahan Obat Melalui Mekanisme Jalur Khusus (_Special Access Scheme_)](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt639975df17981/peraturan-badan-pengawas-obat-dan-makanan-nomor-30-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pbpom_30_2022) (“PBPOM 30/2022”). [\[22\]](#_ftnref22) Pasal 40 ayat (1) PBPOM 27/2022. [\[23\]](#_ftnref23) Pasal 42 ayat (1) PBPOM 27/2022. [\[24\]](#_ftnref24) Pasal 43 ayat (1) PBPOM 27/2022. [\[25\]](#_ftnref25) Pasal 39 ayat (6) PBPOM 27/2022. Tags ---- [google](/tag/google) [hukum](/tag/hukum) [hukumonline](/tag/hukumonline) [klinik](/tag/klinik) [klinik hukumonline](/tag/klinik-hukumonline) [obat](/tag/obat) [perlindungan konsumen](/tag/perlindungan-konsumen)
ULASAN LENGKAPThis article is an English translation of Diminta Kantor Bekerja di Hari Libur Lebaran, Bolehkah? written by Tri Jata Ayu Pramesti, S.H. and published on Wednesday, 5 April 2023.This article below is the second update of the article entitled Can Business Actors Make Their Own Eid Holiday Rules? (Bolehkah Pengusaha Membuat Aturan Libur Lebaran Sendiri?), which was first published on 11 July 2014 and first updated on Friday 22 April 2022. All legal information available on Klinik hukumonline.com has been prepared for educational purposes only and is general in nature (read the complete Disclaimer). In order to obtain legal advice specific to your case, please consult with Justika Partner Consultant.The Decision of the 2023 Eid HolidayRegarding the announcement of the 2023 Eid holiday, according to the Joint Decree of the Ministers 3 on National Holidays and Collective Leave (“Joint Decree of the Ministers 3”), it is determined that Eid Al-Fitr 1444 Hijri falls on 22 to 23 April 2023, while 19, 20, 21, 24 and 25 April 2023 are designated as collective Eid leave.Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Previously, we do not know which rules were made by the companies themselves in relation to the Eid holiday which you were referring to. Therefore, we assume that what you mean is that the relevant company does not give its employees a day off during the Eid holiday, which is determined by the government, but instead replaces it on another day. Likewise for the provisions of collective leave.Religious Days as Official HolidaysReligious holidays, including Eid Al-Fitr as you are asking, are official holidays that are determined by the government through a Joint Decree of the Ministers 3. Business actors may deviate from the provisions of this Decree, i.e., they will still employ workers during the Eid Al-Fitr holidays, however, there are other provisions that must be complied with in relation to the employment of workers during the Eid Al-Fitr holidays or other official holidays.Provisions regarding workers on official holidays are regulated under Law 13/2003. It is explained that entrepreneurs may require their workers/laborers to work during formal public holidays if the types and nature of their jobs must be conducted continuously or under other circumstances based on the agreement between the worker/laborer and the entrepreneur.[1]However, entrepreneurs who require their workers/laborers to work on formal public holidays are under an obligation to pay overtime pay.[2]List of Work Serving the Public Interest and WelfareFurthermore, this provision for workers who work during the Eid holiday is intended to serve the public interest and welfare or applies to work sectors for which the nature and type of work are not allowed to be terminated.[3]The list and types of work relating to the public interest and welfare are set out under Decree of the Minister of Manpower and Transmigration 233/2003, namely:[4]works in health services sector;works in transportation services sector;works in transportation repairing services sector;works in tourism business sector;works in telecommunication and postal services sector;works in electric power provision, clean water service network (PAM), and oil-and-gas provision sector;works in supermarket, shopping center, and another similar sector;works in mass media sector;works in security sector;works in conservation agency;works that if stopped will interfere with the production process, damage the material, and included in the maintenance/repairing of production equipment.It is important to note that this type of work is subject to change as it develops.[5]Coming back to your question, the focus is that the company does not directly provide services to the community. We, therefore, conclude that the business sectors of the companies in question are companies which do not provide the various services specified, in other words, beyond those which are set out under the Decree of the Minister of Manpower and Transmigration 233/2003.In relation to this matter, employers may deviate from the rules in the Joint Decree of the Ministers 3, however, there are provisions in Law 13/2003 that are also binding on employers, specifically the matter of hiring employees on official holidays. Any work on an official holiday must have the approval of the worker concerned and the employer must pay overtime wages.The consent of workers is stipulated under Perppu 2/2022 which explains that employers who employ workers/laborers beyond their working hours must obtain the consent of the workers/laborers concerned.[6]Sanctions If Employers Do Not Pay Overtime WagesOnce again, we emphasize that any workers who work during the Eid-Al Fitr holiday are entitled to overtime pay. If employers neglect the provision of overtime wages, said employers may be subject to sanctions. The criminal sanctions are imprisonment for a minimum of one month and a maximum of twelve months and/or a fine of at least Rp10 million and a maximum of Rp100 million.[7]These are the answers we can provide, we hope you will find them useful.Legal Basis:Law Number 13 of 2003 on Manpower;Regulation of the Government in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation which has been passed into law under Law Number 6 of 2023;Decree of the Minister of Manpower and Transmigration Number Kep-233/Men/2003 Of 2003 on Types and Nature of Continuous Works;Joint Decree of the Minister of Religious Affairs, the Minister of Manpower, and the Minister of State Apparatus Empowerment and Bureaucratic Reform Number 1066, 3, 3 of 2022 on National Holidays and Collective Leave of 2023 as amended by Joint Decree of the Ministers 3 Number 327, 1, 1 of 2023.[1] Article 85 section (2) Law Number 13 of 2003 on Manpower (“Law 13/2003”).[2] Article 85 section (3) Law 13/2003.[3] Elucidation to Article 85 section (2) Law 13/2003.[4] Article 3 section (1) Decree of the Minister of Manpower and Transmigration Number Kep-233/Men/2003 Of 2003 on Types and Nature of Continuous Works (“Decree of the Minister of Manpower and Transmigration 233/2003”).[5] Article 3 section (2) Decree of the Minister of Manpower and Transmigration 233/2003.[6] Article 81 number 24 Regulation of the Government in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation (“Perppu 2/2022”) which amended Article 78 section (1) letter a and (2) Law 13/2003.[7] Article 81 number 68 Perppu 2/2022 which amended Article 187 section (1) Law 13/2003.Tagsklinik english edition
The government has already issued a Joint Decree for the 2023 Eid Al-Fitr collective leave. In this regard, I hear that my office will ask several people to continue working. The question is, is it allowed if any agencies or companies that do not directly provide services to the community to disobey the Eid holiday rules a.k.a still require their employees to work?
Religious holidays, including Eid Al-Fitr as you are asking, are official holidays that are determined by the government through a Joint Decree of the Ministers 3 on National Holidays and Collective Leave (“Joint Decree of the Ministers 3”). Business actors may deviate from the provisions of this Decree, i.e., they will still employ workers during the Eid Al-Fitr holidays, however, there are other provisions that must be complied with in relation to the employment of workers during the Eid Al-Fitr holidays or other official holidays. Article 85 section (2) Law 13/2003 clarifies that employers may employ workers/laborers to work on official holidays if the type and nature of said work must be carried out continuously or under other conditions based on an agreement between the worker/laborer and the employer. Please read the review below for a further explanation. Cara Mengurus Surat Cerai dan Langkah Mengajukan Gugatannya22 Jun 2023Syarat dan Prosedur Hibah Saham11 Okt 2022Tips Cicil Rumah dengan KPR Agar Terhindar Risiko Hukum2 Apr 2024Cara Mengurus Surat Cerai dan Langkah Mengajukan Gugatannya22 Jun 2023Syarat dan Prosedur Hibah Saham11 Okt 2022Tips Cicil Rumah dengan KPR Agar Terhindar Risiko Hukum2 Apr 2024
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/requested-by-the-office-to-work-during-the-eid-al-fitr-holiday-is-it-allowed--lt642eb6d104184/
Requested by the Office to Work during the Eid Al-Fitr Holiday, is it Allowed?
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- This article is an English translation of [**_Diminta Kantor Bekerja di Hari Libur Lebaran, Bolehkah?_**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/diminta-kantor-bekerja-di-hari-libur-lebaran--bolehkah-lt53bb9345be1fd?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=diminta_kantor_bekerja_hari_libur_lebaran) written by **[Tri Jata Ayu Pramesti, S.H.](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/tri-jata-ayu-pramesti--sh-lt5165540a9b53c/)** and published on Wednesday, 5 April 2023. **This article below is the second update of the article entitled Can Business Actors Make Their Own Eid Holiday Rules? (_Bolehkah Pengusaha Membuat Aturan Libur Lebaran Sendiri?_), which was first published on 11 July 2014 and first updated on Friday 22 April 2022.**  All legal information available on Klinik hukumonline.com has been prepared for educational purposes only and is general in nature (read the complete [**Disclaimer**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer)). In order to obtain legal advice specific to your case, please consult with [**Justika Partner Consultant**](https://www.justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **The Decision of the 2023 Eid Holiday** Regarding the announcement of the 2023 Eid holiday, according to the [**Joint Decree of the Ministers 3 on National Holidays and Collective Leave**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6423e352a9773/keputusan-bersama-menteri-agama--menteri-ketenagakerjaan--dan-menteri-pendayagunaan-aparatur-negara-dan-reformasi-birokrasi-nomor-327--1--1-tahun-2023/document?utm_medium=pusatdata?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=skb3menteri_2023) **(“Joint Decree of the Ministers 3”)**, it is determined that Eid Al-Fitr 1444 Hijri falls on 22 to 23 April 2023, while 19, 20, 21, 24 and 25 April 2023 are designated as collective Eid leave. Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Previously, we do not know which rules were made by the companies themselves in relation to the Eid holiday which you were referring to. Therefore, we assume that what you mean is that the relevant company does not give its employees a day off during the Eid holiday, which is determined by the government, but instead replaces it on another day. Likewise for the provisions of collective leave. ### **Religious Days as Official Holidays** Religious holidays, including Eid Al-Fitr as you are asking, are official holidays that are determined by the government through a Joint Decree of the Ministers 3. Business actors may deviate from the provisions of this Decree, i.e., they will still employ workers during the Eid Al-Fitr holidays, however, there are other provisions that must be complied with in relation to the employment of workers during the Eid Al-Fitr holidays or other official holidays. Provisions regarding workers on official holidays are regulated under [**Law 13/2003**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13146/undangundang-nomor-13-tahun-2003/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_Ketenagakerjaan). It is explained that entrepreneurs may require their workers/laborers to work during formal public holidays if the types and nature of their jobs must be conducted continuously or under other circumstances based on the agreement between the worker/laborer and the entrepreneur.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) However, entrepreneurs who require their workers/laborers to work on formal public holidays are under an obligation to pay overtime pay.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) ### **List of Work Serving the Public Interest and Welfare** Furthermore, this provision for workers who work during the Eid holiday is intended to serve the public interest and welfare or applies to work sectors for which the nature and type of work are not allowed to be terminated.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) The list and types of work relating to the public interest and welfare are set out under [**Decree of the Minister of Manpower and Transmigration 233/2003**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17828/keputusan-menteri-tenaga-kerja-dan-transmigrasi-nomor-kep233men2003-tahun-2003/document?utm_medium=internal_link_klinik), namely:[\[4\]](#_ftn4) 1. works in health services sector; 2. works in transportation services sector; 3. works in transportation repairing services sector; 4. works in tourism business sector; 5. works in telecommunication and postal services sector; 6. works in electric power provision, clean water service network (PAM), and oil-and-gas provision sector; 7. works in supermarket, shopping center, and another similar sector; 8. works in mass media sector; 9. works in security sector; 10. works in conservation agency; 11. works that if stopped will interfere with the production process, damage the material, and included in the maintenance/repairing of production equipment. It is important to note that this type of work is subject to change as it develops.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) Coming back to your question, the focus is that the company does not directly provide services to the community. We, therefore, conclude that the business sectors of the companies in question are companies which do not provide the various services specified, in other words, beyond those which are set out under the Decree of the Minister of Manpower and Transmigration 233/2003. In relation to this matter, employers may deviate from the rules in the Joint Decree of the Ministers 3, however, there are provisions in Law 13/2003 that are also binding on employers, specifically the matter of hiring employees on official holidays. Any work on an official holiday must have the approval of the worker concerned and the employer must pay overtime wages. The consent of workers is stipulated under [**Perppu 2/2022**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022/translations?utm_medium=internal_link_klinik) which explains that employers who employ workers/laborers beyond their working hours must obtain the consent of the workers/laborers concerned.[\[6\]](#_ftn6) ### **Sanctions If Employers Do Not Pay Overtime Wages** Once again, we emphasize that any workers who work during the Eid-Al Fitr holiday are entitled to overtime pay. If employers neglect the provision of overtime wages, said employers may be subject to sanctions. The criminal sanctions are imprisonment for a minimum of one month and a maximum of twelve months and/or a fine of at least Rp10 million and a maximum of Rp100 million.[\[7\]](#_ftn7) These are the answers we can provide, we hope you will find them useful. Legal Basis: 1. [Law Number 13 of 2003 on Manpower](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13146/undangundang-nomor-13-tahun-2003/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_Ketenagakerjaan); 2. [Regulation of the Government in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022/translations?utm_medium=internal_link_klinik) which has been passed into law under [Law Number 6 of 2023](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6427eaaee8a1f/undang-undang-nomor-6-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_6_2023); 3. [Decree of the Minister of Manpower and Transmigration Number Kep-233/Men/2003 Of 2003 on Types and Nature of Continuous Works](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17828/keputusan-menteri-tenaga-kerja-dan-transmigrasi-nomor-kep233men2003-tahun-2003/document?utm_medium=internal_link_klinik); 4. [Joint Decree of the Minister of Religious Affairs, the Minister of Manpower, and the Minister of State Apparatus Empowerment and Bureaucratic Reform Number 1066, 3, 3 of 2022 on National Holidays and Collective Leave of 2023](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63451cf3b123f/keputusan-bersama-menteri-agama--menteri-ketenagakerjaan--dan-menteri-pendayagunaan-aparatur-negara-dan-reformasi-birokrasi-nomor-1066--3--3-tahun-2022/document?utm_medium=pusatdata?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=skb3menteri_2022) as amended by [Joint Decree of the Ministers 3 Number 327, 1, 1 of 2023](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6423e352a9773/keputusan-bersama-menteri-agama--menteri-ketenagakerjaan--dan-menteri-pendayagunaan-aparatur-negara-dan-reformasi-birokrasi-nomor-327--1--1-tahun-2023/document?utm_medium=pusatdata?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=skb3menteri_2023). * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Article 85 section (2) [Law Number 13 of 2003 on Manpower](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13146/undangundang-nomor-13-tahun-2003/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_Ketenagakerjaan) (“Law 13/2003”). [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Article 85 section (3) Law 13/2003. [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Elucidation to Article 85 section (2) Law 13/2003. [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Article 3 section (1) [Decree of the Minister of Manpower and Transmigration Number Kep-233/Men/2003 Of 2003 on Types and Nature of Continuous Works](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17828/keputusan-menteri-tenaga-kerja-dan-transmigrasi-nomor-kep233men2003-tahun-2003/document?utm_medium=internal_link_klinik) (“Decree of the Minister of Manpower and Transmigration 233/2003”). [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Article 3 section (2) Decree of the Minister of Manpower and Transmigration 233/2003. [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Article 81 number 24 [Regulation of the Government in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022/translations?utm_medium=internal_link_klinik) (“Perppu 2/2022”) which amended Article 78 section (1) letter a and (2) Law 13/2003. [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Article 81 number 68 Perppu 2/2022 which amended Article 187 section (1) Law 13/2003. Tags ---- [klinik english edition](/tag/klinik-english-edition)
ULASAN LENGKAPKLINIK TERKAITHak Ahli Waris Pekerja yang Meninggal Saat Proses PHK27 Feb 2023Bisakah Ahli Waris Menolak Warisan Utang?03 Feb 2023Hak Waris Istri Kedua Jika Suaminya Meninggal18 Jan 2023Penerbitan Surat Keterangan Waris oleh Kelurahan, Apa Dasarnya?16 Des 2022Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul Wasiat Dalam Waris Islam yang dibuat oleh Sovia Hasanah, S.H., dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Rabu, 5 April 2017.Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.Ahli Waris dalam Hukum Waris IslamSebelum membahas hukum wasiat dalam Islam, mari kenali dulu definisi dari ahli waris dalam hukum waris Islam. Merujuk pada KHI, ahli waris adalah orang yang pada saat meninggal dunia mempunyai hubungan darah atau hubungan perkawinan dengan pewaris, beragama Islam dan tidak terhalang karena hukum untuk menjadi ahli waris.[1] Ahli waris dipandang beragama Islam apabila diketahui dari Kartu Identitas atau pengakuan atau amalan atau kesaksian, sedangkan bagi bayi yang baru lahir atau anak yang belum dewasa, beragama menurut ayahnya atau lingkungannya.[2]Kemudian, seorang terhalang menjadi ahli waris apabila dengan putusan hakim yang telah mempunyai kekuatan hukum yang tetap, dihukum karena:[3]dipersalahkan telah membunuh atau mencoba membunuh atau menganiaya berat pada pewaris; dandipersalahkan secara memfitnah telah mengajukan pengaduan bahwa pewaris melakukan kejahatan yang diancam dengan hukuman 5 tahun penjara atau hukuman yang lebih berat.Lebih lanjut, berdasarkan KHI, penggolongan ahli waris dapat dikelompokkan menjadi:[4]Menurut hubungan darah:golongan laki-laki terdiri dari: ayah, anak laki-laki, saudara laki-laki, paman dan kakekgolongan perempuan terdiri dari: ibu, anak perempuan, saudara perempuan dan nenek Menurut hubungan perkawinan terdiri dari duda atau janda.Apabila semua ahli waris ada, maka yang berhak mendapat warisan hanya: anak, ayah, ibu, janda atau duda.Besaran Bagian Ahli WarisAdapun besaran bagian masing-masing ahli waris adalah:[5]Anak perempuan bila hanya seorang ia mendapat separuh bagian, bila dua orang atau lebih mereka bersama-sama mendapat dua pertiga bagian, dan apabila anak perempuan bersama-sama dengan anak laki-laki, maka bagian anak laki-laki dua berbanding satu dengan anak perempuan.Ayah mendapat sepertiga bagian bila pewaris tidak meninggalkan anak, bila ada anak, ayah mendapat seperenam bagian.Ibu mendapat seperenam bagian bila ada anak atau dua saudara atau lebih. Bila tidak ada anak atau dua orang saudara atau lebih, maka ia mendapat seperenam bagian.Ibu mendapat sepertiga bagian dari sisa sesudah diambil oleh janda atau duda bila bersama-sama dengan ayah.Duda mendapat separuh bagian bila pewaris tidak meninggalkan anak, dan bila pewaris meninggalkan anak, maka duda mendapat seperempat bagian.Janda mendapat seperempat bagian bila pewaris tidak meninggalkan anak, dan bila pewaris meninggalkan anak, maka janda mendapat seperdelapan bagian.Bila seorang meninggal tanpa meninggalkan anak, maka saudara laki-laki dan saudara perempuan seibu masing-masing mendapat seperenam bagian. Bila mereka itu dua orang atau lebih maka mereka bersama-sama mendapat sepertiga bagian.Bila seorang meninggal tanpa meninggalkan ayah dan anak, sedang ia mempunyai satu saudara perempuan kandung atau seayah, maka ia mendapat separuh bagian. Bila saudara perempuan tersebut bersama-sama dengan saudara perempuan kandung atau seayah dua orang atau lebih, maka mereka bersama-sama mendapat dua pertiga bagian. Bila saudara perempuan tersebut bersama-sama dengan saudara laki-laki kandung atau seayah, maka bagian saudara laki-laki adalah dua berbanding satu dengan saudara perempuan.Hukum Wasiat dalam Waris IslamPerlu diketahui bahwa, adanya wasiat dikenal dalam waris Islam. Orang yang telah berumur sekurang-kurangnya 21 tahun, berakal sehat dan tanpa adanya paksaan dapat mewasiatkan sebagian harta bendanya kepada orang lain atau lembaga.[6] Pemilikan terhadap harta benda baru dapat dilaksanakan sesudah pewasiat meninggal dunia.[7]Tetapi, konteks wasiat yang diperbolehkan sebanyak-banyaknya sepertiga dari harta warisan, kecuali apabila semua ahli waris menyetujuinya.[8]Jika dikaitkan dengan pertanyaan Anda, menurut Mohammad Daud Ali, memang pewaris pada waktu akan meninggal tidak berhak menentukan siapa-siapa yang akan memperoleh harta yang ditinggalkannya, berapa bagian masing-masing dan bagaimana cara mengalihkan harta itu. Sebab, semuanya telah ditentukan dan wajib dilaksanakan.[9]Lebih lanjut dijelaskan, tetapi pewaris diberikan kemerdekaan atau kebebasan oleh Allah mengenai harta yang akan ditinggalkannya, kemerdekaan itu hanya terbatas pada pengalihan sepertiga harta yang akan ditinggalkan untuk seseorang yang dikehendakinya. Batas itu ditentukan untuk menjaga agar hak ahli waris yang telah ditentukan Allah tidak terlanggar.[10]Dengan demikian, ketentuan yang Anda maksud mengenai pewaris tidak berhak menentukan bagian ahli waris karena sudah ditentukan tidak sepenuhnya benar. Memang benar besaran bagian yang didapat ahli waris sudah ditentukan, tetapi pewaris diberikan kebebasan membuat surat wasiat kepada seseorang yang dikehendakinya selama tidak melebihi sepertiga dari harta warisan kecuali apabila semua ahli waris menyetujuinya.Demikian jawaban dari kami terkait hukum wasiat dalam waris Islam, semoga bermanfaat.DASAR HUKUMInstruksi Presiden Nomor 1 Tahun 1991 tentang Penyebarluasan Kompilasi Hukum Islam.REFERENSIMohammad Daud Ali. Hukum Islam: Pengantar Ilmu Hukum dan Tata hukum Islam di Indonesia. Edisi Keenam. Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada, 1998.[1] Pasal 171 huruf c Instruksi Presiden Nomor 1 Tahun 1991 tentang Penyebarluasan Kompilasi Hukum Islam (“KHI”)[2] Pasal 172 KHI[3] Pasal 173 KHI[4] Pasal 174 KHI[5] Pasal 176–182 KHI[6] Pasal 194 ayat (1) KHI[7] Pasal 194 ayat (3) KHI[8] Pasal 195 ayat (2) KHI[9] Mohammad Daud Ali, Hukum Islam: Pengantar Ilmu Hukum dan Tata hukum Islam di Indonesia. Edisi Keenam, Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada, 1998, hal. 308[10] Mohammad Daud Ali, Hukum Islam: Pengantar Ilmu Hukum dan Tata hukum Islam di Indonesia. Edisi Keenam, Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada, 1998, hal. 308 Tagshukumhukum islamhukumonlinekeluarga dan perkawinanklinikklinik hukumonlinewariswaris islamwasiat
Saya pernah mendengar bahwa dalam waris Islam pewaris tidak bisa menentukan wasiat atau bagian pada ahli waris. Apakah ketentuan tersebut benar secara hukum? Mohon luruskan kalau salah. Kemudian siapa saja ahli waris yang berhak?  
Penting untuk diketahui bahwa berdasarkan waris Islam, kelompok-kelompok ahli waris digolongkan menurut hubungan darah dan menurut hubungan perkawinan. Apabila semua ahli waris ada, maka yang berhak mendapat warisan hanya: anak, ayah, ibu, janda atau duda. Kemudian, setiap ahli waris memiliki besar bagian masing-masing. Kemudian, terkait adanya wasiat, sebetulnyai pewaris diberikan kebebasan membuat surat wasiat kepada seseorang yang dikehendakinya selama sesuai dengan ketentuan. Lantas, bagaimana ketentuan mengenai wasiat dalam hukum Islam? Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Hak Ahli Waris Pekerja yang Meninggal Saat Proses PHK27 Feb 2023Bisakah Ahli Waris Menolak Warisan Utang?03 Feb 2023Hak Waris Istri Kedua Jika Suaminya Meninggal18 Jan 2023Penerbitan Surat Keterangan Waris oleh Kelurahan, Apa Dasarnya?16 Des 2022Hak Ahli Waris Pekerja yang Meninggal Saat Proses PHK27 Feb 2023Bisakah Ahli Waris Menolak Warisan Utang?03 Feb 2023Hak Waris Istri Kedua Jika Suaminya Meninggal18 Jan 2023Penerbitan Surat Keterangan Waris oleh Kelurahan, Apa Dasarnya?16 Des 2022Persyaratan Pemberhentian Direksi dan Komisaris PT PMA17 Mei 2023Cara Hitung Pesangon Berdasarkan UU Cipta Kerja18 Agu 2023Dasar Hukum Poligami di Indonesia dan Prosedurnya1 Nov 2023Persyaratan Pemberhentian Direksi dan Komisaris PT PMA17 Mei 2023Cara Hitung Pesangon Berdasarkan UU Cipta Kerja18 Agu 2023Dasar Hukum Poligami di Indonesia dan Prosedurnya1 Nov 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/hukum-wasiat-lt58ddbb8b8480e/
Hukum Wasiat dalam Pembagian Waris secara Islam
pages/149/page-5.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Hak Ahli Waris Pekerja yang Meninggal Saat Proses PHK ](/klinik/a/hak-ahli-waris-pekerja-yang-meninggal-saat-proses-phk-cl4940/) ![Hak Ahli Waris Pekerja yang Meninggal Saat Proses PHK](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/cl4940/thumbnail_lt63fd3cf07f8ac.jpg) 27 Feb 2023 [ #### Bisakah Ahli Waris Menolak Warisan Utang? ](/klinik/a/bisakah-ahli-waris-menolak-warisan-utang-lt555f48ea22efb/) ![Bisakah Ahli Waris Menolak Warisan Utang?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt555f48ea22efb/thumbnail_lt63dd1f83eb6d3.jpg) 03 Feb 2023 [ #### Hak Waris Istri Kedua Jika Suaminya Meninggal ](/klinik/a/hak-waris-istri-kedua-jika-suaminya-meninggal-lt5d7533260f69e/) ![Hak Waris Istri Kedua Jika Suaminya Meninggal](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt5d7533260f69e/thumbnail_lt61b0b499cae06.jpg) 18 Jan 2023 [ #### Penerbitan Surat Keterangan Waris oleh Kelurahan, Apa Dasarnya? ](/klinik/a/penerbitan-surat-keterangan-waris-oleh-kelurahan-apa-dasarnya-lt639bf7673fad5/) ![Penerbitan Surat Keterangan Waris oleh Kelurahan, Apa Dasarnya?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt639bf7673fad5/thumbnail_lt639bfc9813458.jpg) 16 Des 2022 [](#!) Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul _Wasiat Dalam Waris Islam_ yang dibuat oleh [Sovia Hasanah, S.H.](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/sovia-hasanah--sh-lt57d2913a130b4), dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Rabu, 5 April 2017.** Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat **[Pernyataan Penyangkalan](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer)** selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan **[Konsultan Mitra Justika](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika)****.** ### **Ahli Waris dalam Hukum Waris Islam** Sebelum membahas hukum wasiat dalam Islam, mari kenali dulu definisi dari ahli waris dalam hukum waris Islam. Merujuk pada [**KHI**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13200/instruksi-presiden-nomor-1-tahun-1991/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=khi), ahli waris adalah orang yang pada saat meninggal dunia mempunyai hubungan darah atau hubungan perkawinan dengan pewaris, beragama Islam dan tidak terhalang karena hukum untuk menjadi ahli waris.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Ahli waris dipandang beragama Islam apabila diketahui dari Kartu Identitas atau pengakuan atau amalan atau kesaksian, sedangkan bagi bayi yang baru lahir atau anak yang belum dewasa, beragama menurut ayahnya atau lingkungannya.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Kemudian, seorang terhalang menjadi ahli waris apabila dengan putusan hakim yang telah mempunyai kekuatan hukum yang tetap, dihukum karena:[\[3\]](#_ftn3) 1. dipersalahkan telah membunuh atau mencoba membunuh atau menganiaya berat pada pewaris; dan 2. dipersalahkan secara memfitnah telah mengajukan pengaduan bahwa pewaris melakukan kejahatan yang diancam dengan hukuman 5 tahun penjara atau hukuman yang lebih berat. Lebih lanjut, berdasarkan KHI, penggolongan ahli waris dapat dikelompokkan menjadi:[\[4\]](#_ftn4) 1. **Menurut hubungan darah:** 1. golongan laki-laki terdiri dari: ayah, anak laki-laki, saudara laki-laki, paman dan kakek 2. golongan perempuan terdiri dari: ibu, anak perempuan, saudara perempuan dan nenek 2. **Menurut hubungan perkawinan terdiri dari duda atau janda.** Apabila semua ahli waris ada, maka yang berhak mendapat warisan hanya: anak, ayah, ibu, janda atau duda. ### **Besaran Bagian Ahli Waris** Adapun besaran bagian masing-masing ahli waris adalah:[\[5\]](#_ftn5) 1. Anak perempuan bila hanya seorang ia mendapat separuh bagian, bila dua orang atau lebih mereka bersama-sama mendapat dua pertiga bagian, dan apabila anak perempuan bersama-sama dengan anak laki-laki, maka bagian anak laki-laki dua berbanding satu dengan anak perempuan. 2. Ayah mendapat sepertiga bagian bila pewaris tidak meninggalkan anak, bila ada anak, ayah mendapat seperenam bagian. 3. Ibu mendapat seperenam bagian bila ada anak atau dua saudara atau lebih. Bila tidak ada anak atau dua orang saudara atau lebih, maka ia mendapat seperenam bagian. 4. Ibu mendapat sepertiga bagian dari sisa sesudah diambil oleh janda atau duda bila bersama-sama dengan ayah. 5. Duda mendapat separuh bagian bila pewaris tidak meninggalkan anak, dan bila pewaris meninggalkan anak, maka duda mendapat seperempat bagian. 6. Janda mendapat seperempat bagian bila pewaris tidak meninggalkan anak, dan bila pewaris meninggalkan anak, maka janda mendapat seperdelapan bagian. 7. Bila seorang meninggal tanpa meninggalkan anak, maka saudara laki-laki dan saudara perempuan seibu masing-masing mendapat seperenam bagian. Bila mereka itu dua orang atau lebih maka mereka bersama-sama mendapat sepertiga bagian. 8. Bila seorang meninggal tanpa meninggalkan ayah dan anak, sedang ia mempunyai satu saudara perempuan kandung atau seayah, maka ia mendapat separuh bagian. Bila saudara perempuan tersebut bersama-sama dengan saudara perempuan kandung atau seayah dua orang atau lebih, maka mereka bersama-sama mendapat dua pertiga bagian. Bila saudara perempuan tersebut bersama-sama dengan saudara laki-laki kandung atau seayah, maka bagian saudara laki-laki adalah dua berbanding satu dengan saudara perempuan. ### **Hukum Wasiat dalam Waris Islam** Perlu diketahui bahwa, adanya wasiat dikenal dalam waris Islam. Orang yang telah berumur sekurang-kurangnya 21 tahun, berakal sehat dan tanpa adanya paksaan dapat mewasiatkan sebagian harta bendanya kepada orang lain atau lembaga.[\[6\]](#_ftn6) Pemilikan terhadap harta benda baru dapat dilaksanakan sesudah pewasiat meninggal dunia.[\[7\]](#_ftn7) Tetapi, konteks **wasiat yang diperbolehkan sebanyak-banyaknya sepertiga dari harta warisan**, **kecuali apabila semua ahli waris menyetujuinya**.[\[8\]](#_ftn8) Jika dikaitkan dengan pertanyaan Anda, menurut **Mohammad Daud Ali**_,_ memang pewaris pada waktu akan meninggal tidak berhak menentukan siapa-siapa yang akan memperoleh harta yang ditinggalkannya, berapa bagian masing-masing dan bagaimana cara mengalihkan harta itu. Sebab, semuanya telah ditentukan dan wajib dilaksanakan.[\[9\]](#_ftn9) Lebih lanjut dijelaskan, tetapi pewaris diberikan kemerdekaan atau kebebasan oleh Allah mengenai harta yang akan ditinggalkannya, kemerdekaan itu hanya terbatas pada pengalihan sepertiga harta yang akan ditinggalkan untuk seseorang yang dikehendakinya. Batas itu ditentukan untuk menjaga agar hak ahli waris yang telah ditentukan Allah tidak terlanggar.[\[10\]](#_ftn10) Dengan demikian, ketentuan yang Anda maksud mengenai pewaris tidak berhak menentukan bagian ahli waris karena sudah ditentukan tidak sepenuhnya benar. Memang benar besaran bagian yang didapat ahli waris sudah ditentukan, tetapi pewaris diberikan kebebasan membuat surat wasiat kepada seseorang yang dikehendakinya selama tidak melebihi sepertiga dari harta warisan kecuali apabila semua ahli waris menyetujuinya. Demikian jawaban dari kami terkait hukum wasiat dalam waris Islam, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- [Instruksi Presiden Nomor 1 Tahun 1991 tentang Penyebarluasan Kompilasi Hukum Islam](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13200/instruksi-presiden-nomor-1-tahun-1991/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=khi). REFERENSI --------- Mohammad Daud Ali. _Hukum Islam: Pengantar Ilmu Hukum dan Tata hukum Islam di Indonesia_. Edisi Keenam. Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada, 1998. * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Pasal 171 huruf c [Instruksi Presiden Nomor 1 Tahun 1991 tentang Penyebarluasan Kompilasi Hukum Islam](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13200/instruksi-presiden-nomor-1-tahun-1991/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=khi) (“KHI”) [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal 172 KHI [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 173 KHI [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 174 KHI [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Pasal 176–182 KHI [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Pasal 194 ayat (1) KHI [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Pasal 194 ayat (3) KHI [\[8\]](#_ftnref8) Pasal 195 ayat (2) KHI [\[9\]](#_ftnref9) Mohammad Daud Ali, _Hukum Islam: Pengantar Ilmu Hukum dan Tata hukum Islam di Indonesia_. Edisi Keenam, Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada, 1998, hal. 308 [\[10\]](#_ftnref10) Mohammad Daud Ali, _Hukum Islam: Pengantar Ilmu Hukum dan Tata hukum Islam di Indonesia_. Edisi Keenam, Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada, 1998, hal. 308 Tags ---- [hukum](/tag/hukum) [hukum islam](/tag/hukum-islam) [hukumonline](/tag/hukumonline) [keluarga dan perkawinan](/tag/keluarga-dan-perkawinan) [klinik](/tag/klinik) [klinik hukumonline](/tag/klinik-hukumonline) [waris](/tag/waris) [waris islam](/tag/waris-islam) [wasiat](/tag/wasiat)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. KLINIK TERKAITJika Suami Selingkuh dan Hendak Menceraikan Istri yang Hamil15 Mei 2023Pemegang Hak Asuh Anak Angkat, Ortu Kandung atau Ortu Angkat?07 Des 2020Anak Bawaan Menuntut Harta Gono-Gini Ibunya ke Ayah Tiri27 Okt 2020Langkah Hukum Jika Perjanjian Pembagian Harta Gono-Gini Disobek-sobek09 Okt 2020Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul Harta Bersama Jika Tak Ada Perjanjian Perkawinan? yang dibuat oleh Dr. Nur Jihad, S.H., M.H. yang dipublikasikan pertama kali pada Kamis, 25 Februari 2021. Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika. Harta Bersama dalam IslamBerkaitan dengan harta bersama dalam Islam, Ghufron A. Masadi dalam Fiqih Muamalah Kontekstual (hal. 191) menerangkan bahwa ada ketentuan mengenai syirkah (persekutuan) yang diatur antara lain dalam Ash Shad: 24, dan An Nisa: 12. Syirkah sendiri memiliki arti al-ikhtilath (percampuran).[1]Terkait arti syirkah lebih lanjut, para ahli fikih mendefinisikan syirkah adalah akad antara dua orang yang berserikat dalam modal dan keuntungan. Menurut istilah sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 20 angka 3 Perma 2/2008, syirkah adalah kerja sama antara dua orang atau lebih dalam hal permodalan, keterampilan, atau kepercayaan dalam usaha tertentu dengan pembagian keuntungan berdasarkan nisbah yang disepakati oleh pihak-pihak yang berserikat. Harta Bersama Perkawinan dalam IslamNamun, mengenai harta bersama dalam perkawinan, baik Al-Qur’an maupun Sunnah tidak mengaturnya. Bahkan dalam kitab-kitab fikih juga tidak membicarakannya. Al-Qur’an dan Hadis juga tidak menegaskan bahwa harta benda yang diperoleh suami selama perkawinan berlangsung, maka secara langsung pula istri juga ikut berhak atasnya. Oleh karena itu, masalah penentuan hukum tentang harta benda yang diperoleh selama perkawinan berlangsung apakah termasuk harta bersama atau tidak, ini merupakan masalah ijtihadiyah, yaitu masalah yang masuk wewenang manusia untuk menentukannya dengan bersumber pada jiwa ajaran Islam.Harta bersama dalam perkawinan merupakan realitas yang hadir dalam masyarakat Indonesia, yang pada mulanya timbul dan berkembang atas dasar adat/tradisi masyarakat. Diterangkan Ismail M. Syah dalam Pencaharian Bersama Isteri di Indonesia (hal. 41–42) harta bersama dikenal di berbagai daerah di Indonesia dengan beragam sebutan (heureta shaurekat, barang-perpantangan, harta guna kaya, pencaharian, gono-gini, dan sebagainya). Perkembangan selanjutnya atas dasar al-adah muhakkamah, keberadaan harta bersama mendapatkan tempat dalam regulasi (hukum positif) di Indonesia. Harta Bersama Perkawinan dalam Hukum PositifHukum perkawinan tidak hanya mengatur bab mengenai harta bersama, tapi juga harta bawaan. Pada dasarnya tidak ada percampuran antara harta suami dan harta istri karena perkawinan.Harta istri tetap jadi hak istri dan dikuasi penuh olehnya, demikian juga harta suami. Harta bawaan masing-masing suami atau istri, serta harta yang diperoleh masing-masing sebagai hadiah atau warisan sepenuhnya berada di bawah penguasaan masing-masing, sepanjang para pihak tidak menentukan lain dalam perjanjian perkawinan. Suami dan istri mempunyai hak penuh untuk melakukan perbuatan hukum atas harta masing-masing.Menurut Pasal 35 ayat (1) UU Perkawinan, harta benda yang diperoleh selama perkawinan merupakan harta bersama. Lebih lanjut Pasal 1 huruf f KHI menjelaskan:Harta kekayaan dalam perkawinan atau Syirkah adalah harta yang diperoleh baik sendiri-sendiri atau bersama suami-isteri selama dalam ikatan perkawinan berlangsung selanjutnya disebut harta bersama, tanpa mempersoalkan atas nama siapapun.Berkaitan dengan pertanyaan Anda, berarti rumah dan sepeda motor yang merupakan harta bawaan suami, maka status kepemilikannya tetap ada pada suami ketika terjadi perceraian.Adapun mengenai tabungan statusnya merupakan harta bersama, di mana suami dan istri berhak mendapatkan separuh bagian, kecuali perjanjian perkawinan mengatur lain.Selanjutnya mengenai biaya renovasi rumah yang dikeluarkan dari harta bersama, separuhnya dapat dihitung jadi hak istri yang harus diberikan suami saat bercerai. Sehingga menjawab pertanyaan Anda, maka tabungan dan biaya renovasi rumah termasuk harta bersama.Ketentuan harta bersama lebih lanjut tercantum dalam Pasal 35, 36 dan 37 UU Perkawinan. Selain itu, diatur pula dalam Pasal 85 s.d Pasal 97 KHI. Adapun berikut ini beberapa pasal yang penting untuk diketahui adalah:Pasal 88 KHIApabila terjadi perselisihan antara suami isteri tentang harta bersama, maka penyelesaian perselisihan itu diajukan kepada Pengadilan Agama.  Pasal 97 KHIJanda atau duda cerai masing-masing berhak seperdua dari harta bersama sepanjang tidak ditentukan lain dalam perjanjian perkawinan.Akan tetapi, perlu dicatat bahwa ketentuan pembagian harta bersama setelah perceraian sebagaimana telah diurai di atas, bukanlah aturan yang bersifat mutlak. Suami istri yang karena suatu alasan memutuskan untuk bercerai, dapat juga melakukan urusan penyelesaian pembagian harta bersama dengan musyawarah atau perdamaian (al-shulh). Sebab, bagaimanapun keduanya, pernah saling mencintai, mengasihi, dan menghormati satu sama lain sebagai suami istri. Demikian jawaban dari kami terkait pembagian harta bersama sebagaimana ditanyakan, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUMUndang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang PerkawinanUndang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang PerkawinanPeraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 2 Tahun 2008 tentang Kompilasi Hukum Ekonomi Syari’ahInstruksi Presiden Nomor 1 Tahun 1991 tentang Penyebarluasan Kompilasi Hukum Islam REFERENSIGhufron A Masadi. Fiqih Muamalah Kontekstual. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, 2002;Ismail Muhammad Syah. Pencaharian Bersama Suami Isteri di Indonesia. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang, 1978;Mahmud Yunus. Kamus Arab Indonesia. Jakarta: PT Hidakarya Agung, 1998.[1] Mahmud Yunus. Kamus Arab Indonesia. Jakarta, PT Hidakarya Agung, 1998, hal. 196.Tagsceraiharta bawaanharta bersamaharta gono ginihukum islamkeluarga dan perkawinanperceraianperkawinanrumahsepeda motortabungan
Saat melakukan perkawinan, suami punya harta bawaan (rumah dan sepeda motor), istri tidak ada harta bawaan. Selama perkawinan, harta bersama bertambah (tabungan dan renovasi rumah). Selama perkawinan tidak punya anak. Perceraian terjadi karena istri meninggalkan tempat kediaman bersama (cerai gugat). Apakah harus ada pembagian harta gono gini? (tidak ada perjanjian perkawinan). Bagaimana caranya? berapa besarnya? (hukum Islam & hukum positif). Terima kasih.
Harta bersama adalah harta yang diperoleh selama ikatan perkawinan berlangsung. Sedangkan harta yang diperoleh sebelum perkawinan merupakan harta bawaan masing-masing suami atau istri. Saat bercerai, masing-masing suami dan istri berhak seperdua dari harta bersama. Namun sebenarnya suami istri dapat menyelesaikan pembagian harta bersama ini dengan melakukan musyawarah atau perdamaian (al-shulh).   Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Jika Suami Selingkuh dan Hendak Menceraikan Istri yang Hamil15 Mei 2023Pemegang Hak Asuh Anak Angkat, Ortu Kandung atau Ortu Angkat?07 Des 2020Anak Bawaan Menuntut Harta Gono-Gini Ibunya ke Ayah Tiri27 Okt 2020Langkah Hukum Jika Perjanjian Pembagian Harta Gono-Gini Disobek-sobek09 Okt 2020Jika Suami Selingkuh dan Hendak Menceraikan Istri yang Hamil15 Mei 2023Pemegang Hak Asuh Anak Angkat, Ortu Kandung atau Ortu Angkat?07 Des 2020Anak Bawaan Menuntut Harta Gono-Gini Ibunya ke Ayah Tiri27 Okt 2020Langkah Hukum Jika Perjanjian Pembagian Harta Gono-Gini Disobek-sobek09 Okt 2020Hal-hal yang Harus Disiapkan Jika Pindah KPR Bank6 Mei 2024Langkah Jika Jual Beli Tanah HGB yang Belum Balik Nama15 Mei 2024Dasar Hukum Poligami di Indonesia dan Prosedurnya1 Nov 2023Hal-hal yang Harus Disiapkan Jika Pindah KPR Bank6 Mei 2024Langkah Jika Jual Beli Tanah HGB yang Belum Balik Nama15 Mei 2024Dasar Hukum Poligami di Indonesia dan Prosedurnya1 Nov 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/pembagian-harta-bersama-cl2159/
Pembagian Harta Bersama Jika Tidak Ada Perjanjian Perkawinan
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Jika Suami Selingkuh dan Hendak Menceraikan Istri yang Hamil ](/klinik/a/suami-selingkuh-lt602514c06349a/) ![Jika Suami Selingkuh dan Hendak Menceraikan Istri yang Hamil](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt602514c06349a/thumbnail_lt602515bb1dfee.jpg) 15 Mei 2023 [ #### Pemegang Hak Asuh Anak Angkat, Ortu Kandung atau Ortu Angkat? ](/klinik/a/pemegang-hak-asuh-anak-angkat-ortu-kandung-atau-ortu-angkat--lt5fcde2fe5b629/) ![Pemegang Hak Asuh Anak Angkat, Ortu Kandung atau Ortu Angkat?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt5fcde2fe5b629/thumbnail_lt5fcde444ed565.jpg) 07 Des 2020 [ #### Anak Bawaan Menuntut Harta Gono-Gini Ibunya ke Ayah Tiri ](/klinik/a/anak-bawaan-menuntut-harta-gono-gini-ibunya-ke-ayah-tiri-lt54d19d7c64261/) ![Anak Bawaan Menuntut Harta Gono-Gini Ibunya ke Ayah Tiri](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt54d19d7c64261/thumbnail_lt5f97ef562bbb2.jpg) 27 Okt 2020 [ #### Langkah Hukum Jika Perjanjian Pembagian Harta Gono-Gini Disobek-sobek ](/klinik/a/langkah-hukum-jika-perjanjian-pembagian-harta-gono-gini-disobek-sobek-lt5f805f9baf146/) ![Langkah Hukum Jika Perjanjian Pembagian Harta Gono-Gini Disobek-sobek](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt5f805f9baf146/thumbnail_lt5f80626e24e98.jpg) 09 Okt 2020 [](#!) **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul** **_Harta Bersama Jika Tak Ada Perjanjian Perkawinan?_** **yang dibuat oleh** [**Dr. Nur Jihad, S.H., M.H.**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/pshi-fakultas-hukum-universitas-islam-indonesia-lt5ea18aa2aa158/dr-nur-jihad--sh--mh-lt5fa539be09942) **yang** **dipublikasikan pertama kali pada Kamis, 25 Februari 2021.** Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Harta Bersama dalam Islam** Berkaitan dengan harta bersama dalam Islam, **Ghufron A. Masadi** dalam _Fiqih Muamalah Kontekstual_ (hal. 191) menerangkan bahwa ada ketentuan mengenai _syirkah_ (persekutuan) yang diatur antara lain dalam Ash Shad: 24, dan An Nisa: 12. _Syirkah_ sendiri memiliki arti al-ikhtilath (percampuran).[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Terkait arti _syirkah_ lebih lanjut, para ahli fikih mendefinisikan syirkah adalah akad antara dua orang yang berserikat dalam modal dan keuntungan. Menurut istilah sebagaimana diatur dalam **Pasal 20 angka 3** [**Perma 2/2008**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/28604/nprt/648/peraturan-ma-no-02-tahun-2008-kompilasi-hukum-ekonomi-syariah?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perma_2_2008), syirkah adalah kerja sama antara dua orang atau lebih dalam hal permodalan, keterampilan, atau kepercayaan dalam usaha tertentu dengan pembagian keuntungan berdasarkan nisbah yang disepakati oleh pihak-pihak yang berserikat. ### **Harta Bersama Perkawinan dalam Islam** Namun, mengenai harta bersama dalam perkawinan, baik Al-Qur’an maupun Sunnah tidak mengaturnya. Bahkan dalam kitab-kitab fikih juga tidak membicarakannya. Al-Qur’an dan Hadis juga tidak menegaskan bahwa harta benda yang diperoleh suami selama perkawinan berlangsung, maka secara langsung pula istri juga ikut berhak atasnya. Oleh karena itu, masalah penentuan hukum tentang harta benda yang diperoleh selama perkawinan berlangsung apakah termasuk harta bersama atau tidak, ini merupakan masalah _ijtihadiyah_, yaitu masalah yang masuk wewenang manusia untuk menentukannya dengan bersumber pada jiwa ajaran Islam. Harta bersama dalam perkawinan merupakan realitas yang hadir dalam masyarakat Indonesia, yang pada mulanya timbul dan berkembang atas dasar adat/tradisi masyarakat. Diterangkan **Ismail M. Syah** dalam _Pencaharian Bersama Isteri di Indonesia_ (hal. 41–42) harta bersama dikenal di berbagai daerah di Indonesia dengan beragam sebutan (_heureta shaurekat_, barang-perpantangan, harta guna kaya, pencaharian, gono-gini, dan sebagainya). Perkembangan selanjutnya atas dasar _al-adah muhakkamah_, keberadaan harta bersama mendapatkan tempat dalam regulasi (hukum positif) di Indonesia. ### **Harta Bersama Perkawinan dalam Hukum Positif** Hukum perkawinan tidak hanya mengatur bab mengenai harta bersama, tapi juga harta bawaan. Pada dasarnya tidak ada percampuran antara harta suami dan harta istri karena perkawinan. Harta istri tetap jadi hak istri dan dikuasi penuh olehnya, demikian juga harta suami. Harta bawaan masing-masing suami atau istri, serta harta yang diperoleh masing-masing sebagai hadiah atau warisan sepenuhnya berada di bawah penguasaan masing-masing, sepanjang para pihak tidak menentukan lain dalam perjanjian perkawinan. Suami dan istri mempunyai hak penuh untuk melakukan perbuatan hukum atas harta masing-masing. Menurut **Pasal 35 ayat (1)** **[UU Perkawinan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26834/undangundang-nomor-1-tahun-1974/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_1_1974)**, harta benda yang diperoleh selama perkawinan merupakan harta bersama. Lebih lanjut **Pasal 1 huruf f** **[KHI](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13200/instruksi-presiden-nomor-1-tahun-1991/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KHI)** menjelaskan: _Harta kekayaan dalam perkawinan atau Syirkah adalah harta yang diperoleh baik sendiri-sendiri atau bersama suami-isteri selama dalam ikatan perkawinan berlangsung selanjutnya disebut harta bersama, tanpa mempersoalkan atas nama siapapun_. Berkaitan dengan pertanyaan Anda, berarti rumah dan sepeda motor yang merupakan harta bawaan suami, maka status kepemilikannya tetap ada pada suami ketika terjadi perceraian. Adapun mengenai tabungan statusnya merupakan harta bersama, di mana suami dan istri berhak mendapatkan separuh bagian, kecuali perjanjian perkawinan mengatur lain. Selanjutnya mengenai biaya renovasi rumah yang dikeluarkan dari harta bersama, separuhnya dapat dihitung jadi hak istri yang harus diberikan suami saat bercerai. Sehingga menjawab pertanyaan Anda, maka tabungan dan biaya renovasi rumah termasuk harta bersama. Ketentuan harta bersama lebih lanjut tercantum dalam **Pasal 35, 36 dan 37 UU Perkawinan**. Selain itu, diatur pula dalam **Pasal 85 s.d Pasal 97 KHI**. Adapun berikut ini beberapa pasal yang penting untuk diketahui adalah: **Pasal 88 KHI** _Apabila terjadi perselisihan antara suami isteri tentang harta bersama, maka penyelesaian perselisihan itu diajukan kepada Pengadilan Agama._ **Pasal 97 KHI** _Janda atau duda cerai masing-masing berhak seperdua dari harta bersama sepanjang tidak ditentukan lain dalam perjanjian perkawinan._ Akan tetapi, perlu dicatat bahwa ketentuan pembagian harta bersama setelah perceraian sebagaimana telah diurai di atas, bukanlah aturan yang bersifat mutlak. Suami istri yang karena suatu alasan memutuskan untuk bercerai, dapat juga melakukan urusan penyelesaian pembagian harta bersama dengan musyawarah atau perdamaian (_al-shulh_). Sebab, bagaimanapun keduanya, pernah saling mencintai, mengasihi, dan menghormati satu sama lain sebagai suami istri. Demikian jawaban dari kami terkait pembagian harta bersama sebagaimana ditanyakan, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26834/undangundang-nomor-1-tahun-1974/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_1_1974) Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5dafedf4cd014?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_16_2019) Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 2 Tahun 2008 tentang Kompilasi Hukum Ekonomi Syari’ah [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/28604/nprt/648/peraturan-ma-no-02-tahun-2008-kompilasi-hukum-ekonomi-syariah?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perma_2_2008) Instruksi Presiden Nomor 1 Tahun 1991 tentang Penyebarluasan Kompilasi Hukum Islam [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13200/instruksi-presiden-nomor-1-tahun-1991/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KHI) REFERENSI --------- 1. Ghufron A Masadi. _Fiqih Muamalah Kontekstual_. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, 2002; 2. Ismail Muhammad Syah. _Pencaharian Bersama Suami Isteri di Indonesia_. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang, 1978; 3. Mahmud Yunus. _Kamus Arab Indonesia_. Jakarta: PT Hidakarya Agung, 1998. * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Mahmud Yunus. _Kamus Arab Indonesia_. Jakarta, PT Hidakarya Agung, 1998, hal. 196. Tags ---- [cerai](/tag/cerai) [harta bawaan](/tag/harta-bawaan) [harta bersama](/tag/harta-bersama) [harta gono gini](/tag/harta-gono-gini) [hukum islam](/tag/hukum-islam) [keluarga dan perkawinan](/tag/keluarga-dan-perkawinan) [perceraian](/tag/perceraian) [perkawinan](/tag/perkawinan) [rumah](/tag/rumah) [sepeda motor](/tag/sepeda-motor) [tabungan](/tag/tabungan)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. Kegiatan Outing KantorKLINIK TERKAITAturan Potong Gaji Karyawan dalam Peraturan Ketenagakerjaan23 Nov 2023Gaji Dipotong karena Terlambat Masuk Kerja, Bolehkah?02 Mei 2023Bisakah Gaji Karyawan yang Sudah Dibayarkan Ditarik Jadi Harta Pailit?12 Okt 2022Gaji Dipotong karena Utang di Perusahaan, Ini Hukumnya19 Sep 2022Sebelumnya Anda perlu memahami terkait fasilitas kesejahteraan yang wajib disediakan perusahaan. Hal ini tertuang dalam Pasal 100 ayat (1) UU Ketenagakerjaan, yang menyatakan:Untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan bagi pekerja/buruh dan keluarganya, pengusaha wajib menyediakan fasilitas kesejahteraan.Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Kemudian pada bagian penjelasan disebutkan fasilitas kesejahteraan yang dimaksud antara lain pelayanan keluarga berencana, tempat penitipan anak, perumahan pekerja/buruh, fasilitas beribadah, fasilitas olah raga, fasilitas kantin, fasilitas kesehatan, dan fasilitas rekreasi.[1]Lebih lanjut, Pasal 100 ayat (2) UU Ketenagakerjaan menegaskan penyediaan fasilitas kesejahteraan dilaksanakan dengan memperhatikan kebutuhan pekerja/buruh dan ukuran kemampuan perusahaan.Sehingga dari ketentuan tersebut di atas, pada prinsipnya pengusaha wajib menyediakan fasilitas kesejahteraan dengan memperhatikan kebutuhan pekerja/buruh dan ukuran kemampuan perusahaan. Disarikan dari Bolehkah Perusahaan Menarik Iuran untuk Outing Kantor?, kegiatan outing di kantor Anda merupakan bentuk dari fasilitas kesejahteraan berupa fasilitas rekreasi. Pemotongan Gaji untuk Cicilan Biaya Outing KantorKembali ke pertanyaan Anda, mengenai fakta di mana perusahaan Anda mengadakan kegiatan outing/rekreasi dan semua karyawan diwajibkan mencicil biaya kegiatan outing/rekreasi, maka pertama-tama perlu dicari tahu terlebih dahulu apakah sudah ada pembicaraan/pembahasan terlebih dahulu mengenai cicilan tersebut?Biasanya dalam mengadakan kegiatan outing/rekreasi, perusahaan akan membahas dengan para karyawan, atau sebaliknya para karyawan yang mengusulkan rencana kegiatan outing/rekreasi lalu berdiskusi dengan perusahaan.Dalam diskusi itu biasanya dibahas mengenai biaya, tempat, jadwal kegiatan dan lain sebagainya. Kembali merujuk Pasal 100 ayat (2) UU Ketenagakerjaan, terkait biaya tentunya harus memperhatikan kemampuan perusahaan. Terkait biaya kegiatan outing/rekreasi, harus didapatkan informasi mendetail apakah kegiatan outing/rekreasi tersebut dibiayai oleh perusahaan atau ada bagian kontribusi karyawan yang juga telah disepakati.Jika ada bagian kontribusi karyawan yang disepakati tentunya juga diatur mengenai mekanisme pembayarannya, apakah dengan pembayaran tunai oleh masing-masing karyawan, atau dipotong dari gaji misalnya dilakukan satu kali periode gaji atau dalam beberapa kali periode gaji sehingga karyawan tidak terbebani.Mengenai pemotongan upah oleh pengusaha dapat dilakukan untuk pembayaran:[2]denda;ganti rugi;uang muka upah;sewa rumah dan/atau sewa barang milik perusahaan yang disewakan oleh pengusaha kepada pekerja/buruh;utang atau cicilan utang pekerja/buruh; dan/ataukelebihan pembayaran upah.Adapun pemotongan upah dalam rangka utang atau cicilan utang pekerja/buruh harus dilakukan berdasarkan kesepakatan tertulis atau perjanjian tertulis.[3] Dengan demikian, pemotongan upah dalam rangka biaya cicilan outing yang disepakati harus atas kesepakatan atau perjanjian tertulis.Mengenai fakta yang Anda sampaikan, gaji Anda sudah dipotong Rp350 ribu hingga saat resign, maka Anda perlu menilik kembali kesepakatan atau perjanjian tertulis mengenai jangka waktu pemotongan upah, apakah hanya dilakukan dalam satu kali periode gaji atau dalam beberapa kali periode gaji.Kami pun turut berpendapat meskipun Anda sudah resign, cicilan biaya outing itu tidak dapat dikembalikan, sebab telah disepakati sebelumnya terkait pemotongan upah dalam rangka cicilan biaya outing kantor.Namun dalam hal pembayaran biaya outing dengan pemotongan upah seharusnya hanya dilakukan dalam satu kali periode gaji, maka gaji Anda seharusnya tidak dipotong lagi ketika resign. Langkah selanjutnya yang dapat Anda lakukan adalah menuntut perusahaan mengembalikan pemotongan gaji dengan menempuh upaya penyelesaian perselisihan hak.[4] Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUMUndang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang KetenagakerjaanUndang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2004 tentang Penyelesaian Perselisihan Hubungan IndustrialPeraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta KerjaUndang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 36 Tahun 2021 tentang Pengupahan[1] Penjelasan Pasal 100 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan[2] Pasal 63 ayat (1) Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 36 Tahun 2021 tentang Pengupahan (“PP 36/2021”)[3] Pasal 63 ayat (3) PP 36/2021[4] Pasal 1 angka 2 Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2004 tentang Penyelesaian Perselisihan Hubungan Industrial Tagskantorkaryawankaryawan resignpemotongan gaji
Saya orang awam yang tidak tahu hukum. Kantor saya buat rencana outing dan semua karyawan diwajibkan mencicil untuk biaya outing. Gaji saya dipotong Rp350 ribu untuk biaya outing. Lalu saya resign tapi gaji saya masih dipotong Rp350 ribu. Pertanyaan saya, bisakah gaji yang sudah dipotong dikembalikan karena saya sudah resign?
Pada prinsipnya pengusaha wajib menyediakan fasilitas kesejahteraan dengan memperhatikan kebutuhan pekerja/buruh dan ukuran kemampuan perusahaan. Adapun kegiatan outing di kantor Anda merupakan bentuk dari fasilitas kesejahteraan berupa fasilitas rekreasi.  Lantas bisakah pemotongan gaji dilakukan dalam rangka cicilan biaya outing kantor?   Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Aturan Potong Gaji Karyawan dalam Peraturan Ketenagakerjaan23 Nov 2023Gaji Dipotong karena Terlambat Masuk Kerja, Bolehkah?02 Mei 2023Bisakah Gaji Karyawan yang Sudah Dibayarkan Ditarik Jadi Harta Pailit?12 Okt 2022Gaji Dipotong karena Utang di Perusahaan, Ini Hukumnya19 Sep 2022Aturan Potong Gaji Karyawan dalam Peraturan Ketenagakerjaan23 Nov 2023Gaji Dipotong karena Terlambat Masuk Kerja, Bolehkah?02 Mei 2023Bisakah Gaji Karyawan yang Sudah Dibayarkan Ditarik Jadi Harta Pailit?12 Okt 2022Gaji Dipotong karena Utang di Perusahaan, Ini Hukumnya19 Sep 2022Persyaratan Pemberhentian Direksi dan Komisaris PT PMA17 Mei 2023Cara dan Biaya Mengurus Perceraian Tanpa Pengacara25 Apr 2024Langkah Jika Jual Beli Tanah HGB yang Belum Balik Nama15 Mei 2024Persyaratan Pemberhentian Direksi dan Komisaris PT PMA17 Mei 2023Cara dan Biaya Mengurus Perceraian Tanpa Pengacara25 Apr 2024Langkah Jika Jual Beli Tanah HGB yang Belum Balik Nama15 Mei 2024
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/bolehkah-gaji-dipotong-untuk-cicilan-biaya-iouting-i-kantor-lt6334f802845ea/
Bolehkah Gaji Dipotong untuk Cicilan Biaya Outing Kantor?
pages/149/page-7.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. ### **Kegiatan _Outing_ Kantor** ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Aturan Potong Gaji Karyawan dalam Peraturan Ketenagakerjaan ](/klinik/a/potong-gaji-karyawan-lt51485bcf197d3/) ![Aturan Potong Gaji Karyawan dalam Peraturan Ketenagakerjaan](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt51485bcf197d3/thumbnail_lt655f119cbfe7d.jpg) 23 Nov 2023 [ #### Gaji Dipotong karena Terlambat Masuk Kerja, Bolehkah? ](/klinik/a/gaji-dipotong-karena-terlambat-masuk-kerja-lt52fc407948dc9/) ![Gaji Dipotong karena Terlambat Masuk Kerja, Bolehkah?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt52fc407948dc9/thumbnail_lt6450d663c86a2.jpg) 02 Mei 2023 [ #### Bisakah Gaji Karyawan yang Sudah Dibayarkan Ditarik Jadi Harta Pailit? ](/klinik/a/bisakah-gaji-karyawan-yang-sudah-dibayarkan-ditarik-jadi-harta-pailit-lt6346a71de3bcb/) ![Bisakah Gaji Karyawan yang Sudah Dibayarkan Ditarik Jadi Harta Pailit?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt6346a71de3bcb/thumbnail_lt6346a7d702656.jpg) 12 Okt 2022 [ #### Gaji Dipotong karena Utang di Perusahaan, Ini Hukumnya ](/klinik/a/gaji-dipotong-karena-utang-di-perusahaan-ini-hukumnya-lt62a21723f1f81/) ![Gaji Dipotong karena Utang di Perusahaan, Ini Hukumnya](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt62a21723f1f81/thumbnail_lt632816619a974.jpg) 19 Sep 2022 [](#!) Sebelumnya Anda perlu memahami terkait fasilitas kesejahteraan yang wajib disediakan perusahaan. Hal ini tertuang dalam **Pasal 100 ayat (1)** [**UU Ketenagakerjaan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13146/undangundang-nomor-13-tahun-2003/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_Ketenagakerjaan), yang menyatakan: _Untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan bagi pekerja/buruh dan keluarganya, **pengusaha wajib menyediakan fasilitas kesejahteraan**._ Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Kemudian pada bagian penjelasan disebutkan fasilitas kesejahteraan yang dimaksud antara lain pelayanan keluarga berencana, tempat penitipan anak, perumahan pekerja/buruh, fasilitas beribadah, fasilitas olah raga, fasilitas kantin, fasilitas kesehatan, dan **fasilitas rekreasi**.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Lebih lanjut, **Pasal 100 ayat (2) UU Ketenagakerjaan** menegaskan penyediaan fasilitas kesejahteraan dilaksanakan dengan **memperhatikan kebutuhan pekerja/buruh dan ukuran kemampuan perusahaan**. Sehingga dari ketentuan tersebut di atas, pada prinsipnya pengusaha wajib menyediakan fasilitas kesejahteraan dengan memperhatikan kebutuhan pekerja/buruh dan ukuran kemampuan perusahaan. Disarikan dari **[Bolehkah Perusahaan Menarik Iuran untuk _Outing_ Kantor?](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/bolehkah-perusahaan-menarik-iuran-untuk-iouting-i-kantor-lt5e4004b0e33d4?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=iuran_outing)**, kegiatan outing di kantor Anda merupakan bentuk dari fasilitas kesejahteraan berupa fasilitas rekreasi. ### **Pemotongan Gaji untuk Cicilan Biaya _Outing_ Kantor** Kembali ke pertanyaan Anda, mengenai fakta di mana perusahaan Anda mengadakan kegiatan _outing_/rekreasi dan semua karyawan diwajibkan mencicil biaya kegiatan _outing_/rekreasi, maka pertama-tama perlu dicari tahu terlebih dahulu apakah sudah ada pembicaraan/pembahasan terlebih dahulu mengenai cicilan tersebut? Biasanya dalam mengadakan kegiatan _outing_/rekreasi, perusahaan akan membahas dengan para karyawan, atau sebaliknya para karyawan yang mengusulkan rencana kegiatan _outing_/rekreasi lalu berdiskusi dengan perusahaan. Dalam diskusi itu biasanya dibahas mengenai biaya, tempat, jadwal kegiatan dan lain sebagainya. Kembali merujuk Pasal 100 ayat (2) UU Ketenagakerjaan, terkait biaya tentunya harus memperhatikan kemampuan perusahaan. Terkait biaya kegiatan _outing_/rekreasi, harus didapatkan informasi mendetail apakah kegiatan _outing_/rekreasi tersebut dibiayai oleh perusahaan atau ada bagian kontribusi karyawan yang juga telah disepakati. Jika ada bagian kontribusi karyawan yang disepakati tentunya juga diatur mengenai mekanisme pembayarannya, apakah dengan pembayaran tunai oleh masing-masing karyawan, atau dipotong dari gaji misalnya dilakukan satu kali periode gaji atau dalam beberapa kali periode gaji sehingga karyawan tidak terbebani. Mengenai pemotongan upah oleh pengusaha dapat dilakukan untuk pembayaran:[\[2\]](#_ftn2) 1. denda; 2. ganti rugi; 3. uang muka upah; 4. sewa rumah dan/atau sewa barang milik perusahaan yang disewakan oleh pengusaha kepada pekerja/buruh; 5. **utang atau cicilan utang pekerja/buruh**; dan/atau 6. kelebihan pembayaran upah. Adapun pemotongan upah dalam rangka utang atau cicilan utang pekerja/buruh harus dilakukan berdasarkan kesepakatan tertulis atau perjanjian tertulis.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Dengan demikian, pemotongan upah dalam rangka biaya cicilan _outing_ yang disepakati harus atas kesepakatan atau perjanjian tertulis. Mengenai fakta yang Anda sampaikan, gaji Anda sudah dipotong Rp350 ribu hingga saat _resign_, maka Anda perlu menilik kembali kesepakatan atau perjanjian tertulis mengenai jangka waktu pemotongan upah, apakah hanya dilakukan dalam satu kali periode gaji atau dalam beberapa kali periode gaji. Kami pun turut berpendapat meskipun Anda sudah _resign_, cicilan biaya _outing_ itu tidak dapat dikembalikan, sebab telah disepakati sebelumnya terkait pemotongan upah dalam rangka cicilan biaya _outing_ kantor. Namun dalam hal pembayaran biaya _outing_ dengan pemotongan upah seharusnya hanya dilakukan dalam satu kali periode gaji, maka gaji Anda seharusnya tidak dipotong lagi ketika _resign_. Langkah selanjutnya yang dapat Anda lakukan adalah menuntut perusahaan mengembalikan pemotongan gaji dengan menempuh upaya penyelesaian perselisihan hak.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13146/undangundang-nomor-13-tahun-2003/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_Ketenagakerjaan) Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2004 tentang Penyelesaian Perselisihan Hubungan Industrial [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17858/node/166/uu-no-2-tahun-2004-penyelesaian-perselisihan-hubungan-industrial?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_2_2004) Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022) Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023 [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6427eaaee8a1f/undang-undang-nomor-6-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_6_2023) Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 36 Tahun 2021 tentang Pengupahan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt60322fc0d665f/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-36-tahun-2021/document?utm_medium=internal_link_klinik?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_36_2021) * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Penjelasan Pasal 100 ayat (1) [Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13146/undangundang-nomor-13-tahun-2003/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_Ketenagakerjaan) [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal 63 ayat (1) [Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 36 Tahun 2021 tentang Pengupahan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt60322fc0d665f/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-36-tahun-2021/document?utm_medium=internal_link_klinik?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_36_2021) (“PP 36/2021”) [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 63 ayat (3) PP 36/2021 [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 1 angka 2 [Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2004 tentang Penyelesaian Perselisihan Hubungan Industrial](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17858/node/166/uu-no-2-tahun-2004-penyelesaian-perselisihan-hubungan-industrial?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_2_2004)  Tags ---- [kantor](/tag/kantor) [karyawan](/tag/karyawan) [karyawan resign](/tag/karyawan-resign) [pemotongan gaji](/tag/pemotongan-gaji)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul Dapatkah Penderita Eksibisionisme (Suka Menunjukkan Alat Kelamin) Dipidana? yang dibuat oleh Sovia Hasanah, S.H. dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Jumat, 17 Maret 2017.KLINIK TERKAITHukumnya Spill Identitas Terduga Pelecehan Seksual di Medsos10 Apr 2024Jerat Pidana Pasal Pelecehan Seksual dan Pembuktiannya22 Feb 2024Merangkul Lawan Jenis, Termasuk Pelecehan Seksual?02 Feb 2024Ada Pelecehan di Tempat Kerja? Tempuh Langkah Ini29 Jan 2024Artikel ini dibuat berdasarkan KUHP lama dan UU 1/2023 tentang KUHP yang diundangkan pada tanggal 2 Januari 2023.Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.Definisi EksibisionismeBelajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Untuk menjawab pertanyaan Anda, kita perlu memahami terlebih dahulu pengertian dari eksibisionisme. Menurut KBBI, eksibisionisme adalah kelainan atau ketidakwajaran yang ditandai dengan kecenderungan memperlihatkan hal-hal yang tidak senonoh, seperti alat kelamin kepada orang lain untuk pemuasan diri.Eksibisionisme merupakan salah satu kelainan perilaku seks berupa kepuasan seksual yang diperoleh dengan memamerkan alat kelaminnya dengan lawan jenisnya.[1] Gangguan eksibisionis ini merupakan gangguan dengan ciri-ciri adanya dorongan seksual untuk memperlihatkan bagian genital kepada orang lain.[2]Hukumnya Mempertontonkan Alat Kelamin di Muka UmumMerujuk pada UU Pornografi, telah diatur bahwa setiap orang dilarang mempertontonkan diri atau orang lain dalam pertunjukan atau di muka umum yang menggambarkan ketelanjangan, eksploitasi seksual, persenggamaan, atau yang bermuatan pornografi lainnya.[3] Yang dimaksud dengan "pornografi lainnya" antara lain kekerasan seksual, masturbasi, atau onani.[4] Setiap orang yang mempertontonkan diri atau orang lain dalam pertunjukan atau di muka umum yang menggambarkan ketelanjangan, eksploitasi seksual, persenggamaan, atau yang bermuatan pornografi lainnya dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 10 tahun dan/atau pidana denda paling banyak Rp5 miliar.[5]Jadi, berdasarkan definisi eksibisionisme dan ketentuan pasal di atas, dapat kami jelaskan bahwa melakukan masturbasi di muka umum atau mempertontonkan alat kelamin di muka umum merupakan bentuk ketelanjangan sehingga pelakunya dapat dipidana penjara paling lama 10 tahun dan/atau pidana denda paling banyak Rp5 miliar.Namun demikian, eksibisionisme merupakan salah satu bentuk kelainan. Lalu, dapatkah penderita eksibisionisme dipidana? Untuk menjawabnya, kami akan mengacu pada ketentuan mengenai alasan penghapus pidana yang diatur dalam KUHP yang masih berlaku pada saat artikel ini diterbitkan dan berdasarkan UU 1/2023 tentang KUHP baru yang berlaku 3 tahun sejak tanggal diundangkan,[6] yaitu tahun 2026.Alasan Pemaaf Bagi Pelaku Tindak Pidana dengan Gangguan MentalDisarikan dari artikel Apakah Seorang yang Gila Bisa Dipidana?, dalam ilmu hukum pidana dikenal dengan alasan penghapus pidana yaitu alasan pembenar dan alasan pemaaf, yaitu:Alasan pembenar berarti alasan yang menghapus sifat melawan hukum suatu tindak pidana. Jadi, dalam alasan pembenar dilihat dari sisi perbuatannya (objektif). Misalnya, tindakan 'pencabutan nyawa' yang dilakukan eksekutor penembak mati terhadap terpidana mati (Pasal 50 KUHP dan Pasal 31 UU 1/2023).Alasan pemaaf adalah alasan yang menghapus kesalahan dari si pelaku suatu tindak pidana, sedangkan perbuatannya tetap melawan hukum. Jadi, dalam alasan pemaaf dilihat dari sisi orang/pelakunya (subjektif). Misalnya, lantaran pelakunya tak waras atau gila sehingga tak dapat mempertanggungjawabkan perbuatannya itu.Mengenai salah satu contoh alasan pemaaf dapat dilihat pada Pasal 44 KUHP dan Pasal 38 dan 39 UU 1/2023, sebagai berikut:KUHPUU 1/2023Pasal 44 ayat (1) KUHPBarang siapa melakukan perbuatan yang tidak dapat dipertanggungkan kepadanya karena jiwanya cacat dalam pertumbuhan atau terganggu karena penyakit, tidak dipidana.  Pasal 38 UU 1/2023Setiap orang yang pada waktu melakukan tindak pidana menyandang disabilitas mental dan/atau disabilitas intelektual dapat dikurangi pidananya dan/atau dikenai tindakan. Pasal 44 ayat (2) KUHPJika ternyata perbuatan itu tidak dapat dipertanggungkan kepada pelakunya karena pertumbuhan jiwanya cacat atau terganggu karena penyakit, maka hakim dapat memerintahkan supaya orang itu dimasukkan ke rumah sakit jiwa, paling lama satu tahun sebagai waktu percobaan. Pasal 39 UU 1/2023Setiap orang yang pada waktu melakukan tindak pidana menyandang disabilitas mental yang dalam keadaan kekambuhan akut dan disertai gambaran psikotik dan/atau disabilitas intelektual derajat sedang atau berat tidak dapat dijatuhi pidana, tetapi dapat dikenai tindakan. Yang dimaksud dengan disabilitas mental dalam Pasal 38 UU 1/2023 adalah terganggunya fungsi pikir, emosi, dan perilaku, antara lain:[7]psikososial, antara lain, skizofrenia, bipolar, depresi, anxiety, dan gangguan kepribadian; dan disabilitas perkembangan yang berpengaruh pada kemampuan interaksi sosial, antara lain, autis dan hiperaktif.Sementara disabilitas intelektual adalah terganggunya fungsi pikir karena tingkat kecerdasan di bawah rata-rata, antara lain, lambat belajar, disabilitas grahita, dan down syndrome.[8] Pelaku tindak pidana yang menyandang disabilitas mental dan/atau disabilitas intelektual dinilai kurang mampu untuk menginsafi tentang sifat melawan hukum dari perbuatan yang dilakukan atau untuk berbuat berdasarkan keinsafan yang dapat dipidana.[9]Sementara, dalam ketentuan Pasal 39 UU 1/2023, penyandang disabilitas mental dalam keadaan kekambuhan akut dan disertai gambaran psikotik dan/atau penyandang disabilitas intelektual derajat sedang atau berat, tidak mampu bertanggung jawab. Untuk dapat menjelaskan tidak mampu bertanggung jawab dari segi medis, perlu dihadirkan ahli sehingga pelaku tindak pidana dipandang atau dinilai tidak mampu bertanggung jawab.[10]Menurut R. Soesilo dalam bukunya yang berjudul Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) Serta Komentar-Komentarnya Lengkap Pasal Demi Pasal (hal. 60-61) sebab tidak dapat dihukumnya terdakwa berhubung perbuatannya tidak dapat dipertanggungjawabkan kepadanya adalah karena:Kurang sempurna akalnya. Yang dimaksud dengan perkataan “akal” di sini ialah kekuatan pikiran, daya pikiran, dan kecerdasan pikiran. Orang dapat dianggap kurang sempurna akalnya, misalnya: idiot, imbicil, buta-tuli, dan bisu mulai lahir. tetapi orang-orang semacam ini sebenarnya tidak sakit, tetapi karena cacat-cacatnya sejak lahir, maka pikirannya tetap sebagai kanak-kanak.Sakit berubah akalnya. yang dapat dimasukkan dalam pengertian ini misalnya: sakit gila, histeri (sejenis penyakit saraf terutama pada wanita), epilepsi, dan bermacam-macam penyakit jiwa lainnya.Berkenaan dengan kondisi kejiwaan terdakwa, menurut R Soesilo (hal. 61), hakimlah yang berkuasa memutuskan tentang dapat tidaknya terdakwa dipertanggungjawabkan atas perbuatannya itu meskipun ia dapat pula meminta nasehat dari dokter penyakit jiwa. Jika hakim berpendapat bahwa bahwa orang itu betul tidak dipertanggungjawabkan atas perbuatannya, maka orang itu dibebaskan dari segala tuntutan pidana (ontslag van alle rechtsvervolgin). Maka berdasarkan penjelasan di atas, menjawab pertanyaan Anda, terhadap seseorang yang memiliki kelainan eksibisionisme hakim harus merujuk pada pendapat seorang ahli kesehatan jiwa dan hasil pemeriksaan medis untuk mengetahui apakah kelainan tersebut dapat dipersamakan dengan sakit jiwa atau penyakit gangguan kejiwaan. Jika ternyata pelaku eksibisionisme tersebut betul dinilai tidak dapat bertanggung jawab atas perbuatannya, maka berlaku alasan pemaaf bagi pelaku, sehingga menurut KUHP ia tidak dapat dipidana atau dimasukkan ke rumah sakit sebagai waktu percobaan.Sementara dalam UU 1/2023, jika penderita eksibisionisme terbukti dalam pemeriksaan medis sebagai penyandang disabilitas mental, maka dapat dikurangi pidananya. Sedangkan jika penderita eksibisionisme dalam kondisi kambuh yang akut dan disertai gambaran psikotik, maka dikenai tindakan.Namun untuk mencegah terjadinya hal serupa, hakim dapat memerintahkan pelaku eksibisionisme tersebut untuk dimasukkan ke dalam rumah sakit jiwa selama masa percobaan maksimum 1 tahun sesuai ketentuan Pasal 44 ayat (2) KUHP atau dapat dikenai tindakan berdasarkan Pasal 103 ayat (2) UU 1/2023 berupa:rehabilitasi;penyerahan kepada seseorang;perawatan di lembaga;penyerahan kepada pemerintah; dan/atauperawatan di rumah sakit jiwa.Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat.DASAR HUKUMKitab Undang-Undang Hukum PidanaUndang-Undang Nomor 44 Tahun 2008 tentang PornografiUndang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum PidanaREFERENSINi Kadek Dwi Oktapiani dan Sagung Putri M.E. Purwani. Pengaturan Terhadap Perilaku Eksibisionisme Berdasarkan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana. Jurnal Kertha Wicara, Vol. 9 No. 9 Tahun 2020;R. Soesilo. Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) Serta Komentar-Komentarnya Lengkap Pasal Demi Pasal. Politeia: Bogor, 1991;Eksibisionisme, yang diakses pada Senin 3 Maret 2023, pukul 13.31 WIB.[1] Ni Kadek Dwi Oktapiani dan Sagung Putri M.E. Purwani, Pengaturan Terhadap Perilaku Eksibisionisme Berdasarkan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana, Jurnal Kertha Wicara, Vol. 9 No. 9 Tahun 2020, hal. 2[2] Ni Kadek Dwi Oktapiani dan Sagung Putri M.E. Purwani, Pengaturan Terhadap Perilaku Eksibisionisme Berdasarkan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana, Jurnal Kertha Wicara, Vol. 9 No. 9 Tahun 2020, hal. 2 – 3[3] Pasal 10 Undang-Undang Nomor 44 Tahun 2008 tentang Pornografi (“UU Pornografi”)[4] Penjelasan Pasal 10 UU Pornografi[5] Pasal 36 UU Pornografi[6] Pasal 624 Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (“UU 1/2023”)[7] Penjelasan Pasal 38 UU 1/2023[8] Penjelasan Pasal 38 UU 1/2023[9] Penjelasan Pasal 38 UU 1/2023[10] Penjelasan Pasal 39 UU 1/2023Tagsacara peradilandendagangguan jiwagooglehakimhukumhukumonlineklinikklinik hukumonlinepedofiliapengadilanpenjarapersidanganpidana
Adakah aturan soal memamerkan alat kelamin dan masturbasi di muka umum dikarenakan suatu penyakit yang disebut eksibisionisme? Apakah pelaku eksibisionis dapat dikenakan sanksi pidana? Terima kasih.
Eksibisionisme adalah kelainan atau ketidakwajaran yang ditandai dengan kecenderungan memperlihatkan hal-hal yang tidak senonoh, seperti alat kelamin kepada orang lain untuk pemuasan diri. Ditinjau dari UU Pornografi, setiap orang yang mempertontonkan diri atau orang lain dalam pertunjukan atau di muka umum yang menggambarkan ketelanjangan, eksploitasi seksual, persenggamaan, atau yang bermuatan pornografi lainnya dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 10 tahun dan/atau pidana denda paling banyak Rp5 miliar. Lalu apakah jerat pidana tersebut dapat berlaku bagi pelaku eksibisionisme? Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Hukumnya Spill Identitas Terduga Pelecehan Seksual di Medsos10 Apr 2024Jerat Pidana Pasal Pelecehan Seksual dan Pembuktiannya22 Feb 2024Merangkul Lawan Jenis, Termasuk Pelecehan Seksual?02 Feb 2024Ada Pelecehan di Tempat Kerja? Tempuh Langkah Ini29 Jan 2024Hukumnya Spill Identitas Terduga Pelecehan Seksual di Medsos10 Apr 2024Jerat Pidana Pasal Pelecehan Seksual dan Pembuktiannya22 Feb 2024Merangkul Lawan Jenis, Termasuk Pelecehan Seksual?02 Feb 2024Ada Pelecehan di Tempat Kerja? Tempuh Langkah Ini29 Jan 2024Jika Polisi Menolak Laporan Masyarakat, Lakukan Ini15 Jan 2024Begini Cara Hitung Upah Lembur Pada Hari Raya Keagamaan12 Apr 2023Dasar Hukum Poligami di Indonesia dan Prosedurnya1 Nov 2023Jika Polisi Menolak Laporan Masyarakat, Lakukan Ini15 Jan 2024Begini Cara Hitung Upah Lembur Pada Hari Raya Keagamaan12 Apr 2023Dasar Hukum Poligami di Indonesia dan Prosedurnya1 Nov 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/dapatkah-penderita-eksibisionisme-dipidana-lt58c9e573a6b7c/
Dapatkah Penderita Eksibisionisme Dipidana?
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul** **_Dapatkah Penderita Eksibisionisme (Suka Menunjukkan Alat Kelamin) Dipidana?_** **yang dibuat oleh** **[Sovia Hasanah, S.H.](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/sovia-hasanah--sh-lt57d2913a130b4)** **dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Jumat, 17 Maret 2017.** ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Hukumnya _Spill_ Identitas Terduga Pelecehan Seksual di Medsos ](/klinik/a/hukumnya-ispill-i-identitas-terduga-pelecehan-seksual-di-medsos-lt6357babe51f3f/) ![Hukumnya <i>Spill</i> Identitas Terduga Pelecehan Seksual di Medsos](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt6357babe51f3f/thumbnail_lt65b26fa605423.jpg) 10 Apr 2024 [ #### Jerat Pidana Pasal Pelecehan Seksual dan Pembuktiannya ](/klinik/a/pidana-pasal-pelecehan-seksual-cl3746/) ![Jerat Pidana Pasal Pelecehan Seksual dan Pembuktiannya](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/cl3746/thumbnail_lt65d73c9fd7fe7.jpeg) 22 Feb 2024 [ #### Merangkul Lawan Jenis, Termasuk Pelecehan Seksual? ](/klinik/a/merangkul-lawan-jenis-termasuk-pelecehan-seksual--lt5fd8aa48e98be/) ![Merangkul Lawan Jenis, Termasuk Pelecehan Seksual?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt5fd8aa48e98be/thumbnail_lt5fd8abb273374.jpg) 02 Feb 2024 [ #### Ada Pelecehan di Tempat Kerja? Tempuh Langkah Ini ](/klinik/a/pelecehan-di-tempat-kerja-cl881/) ![Ada Pelecehan di Tempat Kerja? Tempuh Langkah Ini](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/cl881/thumbnail_lt6368b3db81476.jpg) 29 Jan 2024 [](#!) **Artikel ini dibuat berdasarkan KUHP lama dan** **UU 1/2023 tentang** **KUHP** **yang diundangkan pada tanggal 2 Januari 2023****.** Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Definisi Eksibisionisme** Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Untuk menjawab pertanyaan Anda, kita perlu memahami terlebih dahulu pengertian dari eksibisionisme. Menurut **KBBI**, [eksibisionisme](https://kbbi.web.id/ekshibisionisme) adalah kelainan atau ketidakwajaran yang ditandai dengan kecenderungan memperlihatkan hal-hal yang tidak senonoh, seperti alat kelamin kepada orang lain untuk pemuasan diri. Eksibisionisme merupakan salah satu kelainan perilaku seks berupa kepuasan seksual yang diperoleh dengan memamerkan alat kelaminnya dengan lawan jenisnya.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Gangguan eksibisionis ini merupakan gangguan dengan ciri-ciri adanya dorongan seksual untuk memperlihatkan bagian genital kepada orang lain.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) ### **Hukumnya Mempertontonkan Alat Kelamin di Muka Umum** Merujuk pada **[UU Pornografi](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/28607/undangundang-nomor-44-tahun-2008?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_44_2008)**, telah diatur bahwa setiap orang dilarang mempertontonkan diri atau orang lain dalam pertunjukan atau di muka umum yang menggambarkan ketelanjangan, eksploitasi seksual, persenggamaan, atau yang bermuatan pornografi lainnya.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Yang dimaksud dengan "pornografi lainnya" antara lain kekerasan seksual, masturbasi, atau onani.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) Setiap orang yang mempertontonkan diri atau orang lain dalam pertunjukan atau di muka umum yang menggambarkan ketelanjangan, eksploitasi seksual, persenggamaan, atau yang bermuatan pornografi lainnya dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 10 tahun dan/atau pidana denda paling banyak Rp5 miliar.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) Jadi, berdasarkan definisi eksibisionisme dan ketentuan pasal di atas, dapat kami jelaskan bahwa melakukan masturbasi di muka umum atau mempertontonkan alat kelamin di muka umum merupakan bentuk ketelanjangan sehingga pelakunya dapat dipidana penjara paling lama 10 tahun dan/atau pidana denda paling banyak Rp5 miliar. Namun demikian, eksibisionisme merupakan salah satu bentuk kelainan. Lalu, dapatkah penderita eksibisionisme dipidana? Untuk menjawabnya, kami akan mengacu pada ketentuan mengenai alasan penghapus pidana yang diatur dalam **[KUHP](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4c7b7fd88a8c3/nprt/38/wetboek-van-strafrecht-\(wvs\)-kitab-undang-undang-hukum-pidana-\(kuhp\)?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHP)** yang masih berlaku pada saat artikel ini diterbitkan dan berdasarkan **[UU 1/2023](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b3943c53853/undang-undang-nomor-1-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_1_2023_KUHP_baru)** tentang KUHP baru yang berlaku 3 tahun sejak tanggal diundangkan,[\[6\]](#_ftn6) yaitu tahun 2026. ### **Alasan Pemaaf Bagi Pelaku Tindak Pidana dengan Gangguan Mental** Disarikan dari artikel **[Apakah Seorang yang Gila Bisa Dipidana?](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/apakah-seorang-yang-gila-bisa-dipidana-lt515e437b33751?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=Apakah_Seorang_yang_Gila_Bisa_Dipidana?)**, dalam ilmu hukum pidana dikenal dengan alasan penghapus pidana yaitu alasan pembenar dan alasan pemaaf, yaitu: 1. **Alasan pembenar** berarti alasan yang menghapus sifat melawan hukum suatu tindak pidana. Jadi, dalam alasan pembenar dilihat dari sisi perbuatannya (objektif). Misalnya, tindakan 'pencabutan nyawa' yang dilakukan eksekutor penembak mati terhadap terpidana mati (**Pasal 50 KUHP** dan **Pasal 31 UU 1/2023**). 2. **Alasan pemaaf** adalah alasan yang menghapus kesalahan dari si pelaku suatu tindak pidana, sedangkan perbuatannya tetap melawan hukum. Jadi, dalam alasan pemaaf dilihat dari sisi orang/pelakunya (subjektif). Misalnya, lantaran pelakunya tak waras atau gila sehingga tak dapat mempertanggungjawabkan perbuatannya itu. Mengenai salah satu contoh alasan pemaaf dapat dilihat pada **Pasal 44 KUHP** dan **Pasal 38 dan 39 UU 1/2023**, sebagai berikut: **KUHP** **UU 1/2023** **Pasal 44 ayat (1) KUHP** Barang siapa melakukan perbuatan yang tidak dapat dipertanggungkan kepadanya karena jiwanya cacat dalam pertumbuhan atau terganggu karena penyakit, tidak dipidana. **Pasal 38 UU 1/2023** Setiap orang yang pada waktu melakukan tindak pidana menyandang disabilitas mental dan/atau disabilitas intelektual dapat dikurangi pidananya dan/atau dikenai tindakan. **Pasal 44 ayat (2) KUHP** Jika ternyata perbuatan itu tidak dapat dipertanggungkan kepada pelakunya karena pertumbuhan jiwanya cacat atau terganggu karena penyakit, maka hakim dapat memerintahkan supaya orang itu dimasukkan ke rumah sakit jiwa, paling lama satu tahun sebagai waktu percobaan. **Pasal 39 UU 1/2023** Setiap orang yang pada waktu melakukan tindak pidana menyandang disabilitas mental yang dalam keadaan kekambuhan akut dan disertai gambaran psikotik dan/atau disabilitas intelektual derajat sedang atau berat tidak dapat dijatuhi pidana, tetapi dapat dikenai tindakan. Yang dimaksud dengan disabilitas mental dalam Pasal 38 UU 1/2023 adalah terganggunya fungsi pikir, emosi, dan perilaku, antara lain:[\[7\]](#_ftn7) 1. psikososial, antara lain, skizofrenia, bipolar, depresi, anxiety, dan gangguan kepribadian; dan 2. disabilitas perkembangan yang berpengaruh pada kemampuan interaksi sosial, antara lain, autis dan hiperaktif. Sementara disabilitas intelektual adalah terganggunya fungsi pikir karena tingkat kecerdasan di bawah rata-rata, antara lain, lambat belajar, disabilitas grahita, dan _down syndrome_.[\[8\]](#_ftn8) Pelaku tindak pidana yang menyandang disabilitas mental dan/atau disabilitas intelektual dinilai kurang mampu untuk menginsafi tentang sifat melawan hukum dari perbuatan yang dilakukan atau untuk berbuat berdasarkan keinsafan yang dapat dipidana.[\[9\]](#_ftn9) Sementara, dalam ketentuan Pasal 39 UU 1/2023, penyandang disabilitas mental dalam keadaan kekambuhan akut dan disertai gambaran psikotik dan/atau penyandang disabilitas intelektual derajat sedang atau berat, tidak mampu bertanggung jawab. Untuk dapat menjelaskan tidak mampu bertanggung jawab dari segi medis, perlu dihadirkan ahli sehingga pelaku tindak pidana dipandang atau dinilai tidak mampu bertanggung jawab.[\[10\]](#_ftn10) Menurut **R. Soesilo** dalam bukunya yang berjudul _Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) Serta Komentar-Komentarnya Lengkap Pasal Demi Pasal_ (hal. 60-61) sebab tidak dapat dihukumnya terdakwa berhubung perbuatannya tidak dapat dipertanggungjawabkan kepadanya adalah karena: 1. Kurang sempurna akalnya. Yang dimaksud dengan perkataan “akal” di sini ialah kekuatan pikiran, daya pikiran, dan kecerdasan pikiran. Orang dapat dianggap kurang sempurna akalnya, misalnya: idiot, imbicil, buta-tuli, dan bisu mulai lahir. tetapi orang-orang semacam ini sebenarnya tidak sakit, tetapi karena cacat-cacatnya sejak lahir, maka pikirannya tetap sebagai kanak-kanak. 2. Sakit berubah akalnya. yang dapat dimasukkan dalam pengertian ini misalnya: sakit gila, histeri (sejenis penyakit saraf terutama pada wanita), epilepsi, dan bermacam-macam penyakit jiwa lainnya. Berkenaan dengan kondisi kejiwaan terdakwa, menurut R Soesilo (hal. 61), **hakimlah yang berkuasa memutuskan tentang dapat tidaknya terdakwa dipertanggungjawabkan atas perbuatannya itu** meskipun ia dapat pula meminta nasehat dari dokter penyakit jiwa. Jika hakim berpendapat bahwa bahwa orang itu betul tidak dipertanggungjawabkan atas perbuatannya, maka orang itu dibebaskan dari segala tuntutan pidana (_ontslag van alle rechtsvervolgin)_. Maka berdasarkan penjelasan di atas, menjawab pertanyaan Anda, terhadap seseorang yang memiliki kelainan eksibisionisme hakim harus merujuk pada pendapat seorang ahli kesehatan jiwa dan hasil pemeriksaan medis untuk mengetahui apakah kelainan tersebut dapat dipersamakan dengan sakit jiwa atau penyakit gangguan kejiwaan. Jika ternyata pelaku eksibisionisme tersebut betul dinilai tidak dapat bertanggung jawab atas perbuatannya, maka berlaku alasan pemaaf bagi pelaku, sehingga menurut KUHP ia tidak dapat dipidana atau dimasukkan ke rumah sakit sebagai waktu percobaan. Sementara dalam UU 1/2023, jika penderita eksibisionisme terbukti dalam pemeriksaan medis sebagai penyandang disabilitas mental, maka dapat dikurangi pidananya. Sedangkan jika penderita eksibisionisme dalam kondisi kambuh yang akut dan disertai gambaran psikotik, maka dikenai tindakan. Namun untuk mencegah terjadinya hal serupa, hakim dapat memerintahkan pelaku eksibisionisme tersebut untuk dimasukkan ke dalam rumah sakit jiwa selama masa percobaan maksimum 1 tahun sesuai ketentuan Pasal 44 ayat (2) KUHP atau dapat dikenai tindakan berdasarkan **Pasal 103 ayat (2) UU 1/2023** berupa: 1. rehabilitasi; 2. penyerahan kepada seseorang; 3. perawatan di lembaga; 4. penyerahan kepada pemerintah; dan/atau 5. perawatan di rumah sakit jiwa. Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4c7b7fd88a8c3/nprt/38/wetboek-van-strafrecht-\(wvs\)-kitab-undang-undang-hukum-pidana-\(kuhp\)?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHP) Undang-Undang Nomor 44 Tahun 2008 tentang Pornografi [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/28607/undangundang-nomor-44-tahun-2008?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_44_2008) Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b3943c53853/undang-undang-nomor-1-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_1_2023_KUHP_baru) REFERENSI --------- 1. Ni Kadek Dwi Oktapiani dan Sagung Putri M.E. Purwani. _Pengaturan Terhadap Perilaku Eksibisionisme Berdasarkan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana._ Jurnal Kertha Wicara, Vol. 9 No. 9 Tahun 2020; 2. R. Soesilo. _Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) Serta Komentar-Komentarnya Lengkap Pasal Demi Pasal_. Politeia: Bogor, 1991; 3. [Eksibisionisme](https://kbbi.web.id/ekshibisionisme), yang diakses pada Senin 3 Maret 2023, pukul 13.31 WIB. * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Ni Kadek Dwi Oktapiani dan Sagung Putri M.E. Purwani, _Pengaturan Terhadap Perilaku Eksibisionisme Berdasarkan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana,_ Jurnal Kertha Wicara, Vol. 9 No. 9 Tahun 2020, hal. 2 [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Ni Kadek Dwi Oktapiani dan Sagung Putri M.E. Purwani, _Pengaturan Terhadap Perilaku Eksibisionisme Berdasarkan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana,_ Jurnal Kertha Wicara, Vol. 9 No. 9 Tahun 2020, hal. 2 – 3 [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 10 [Undang-Undang Nomor 44 Tahun 2008 tentang Pornografi](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/28607/undangundang-nomor-44-tahun-2008?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_44_2008) (“UU Pornografi”) [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Penjelasan Pasal 10 UU Pornografi [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Pasal 36 UU Pornografi [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Pasal 624 [Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b3943c53853/undang-undang-nomor-1-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_1_2023_KUHP_baru) (“UU 1/2023”) [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Penjelasan Pasal 38 UU 1/2023 [\[8\]](#_ftnref8) Penjelasan Pasal 38 UU 1/2023 [\[9\]](#_ftnref9) Penjelasan Pasal 38 UU 1/2023 [\[10\]](#_ftnref10) Penjelasan Pasal 39 UU 1/2023 Tags ---- [acara peradilan](/tag/acara-peradilan) [denda](/tag/denda) [gangguan jiwa](/tag/gangguan-jiwa) [google](/tag/google) [hakim](/tag/hakim) [hukum](/tag/hukum) [hukumonline](/tag/hukumonline) [klinik](/tag/klinik) [klinik hukumonline](/tag/klinik-hukumonline) [pedofilia](/tag/pedofilia) [pengadilan](/tag/pengadilan) [penjara](/tag/penjara) [persidangan](/tag/persidangan) [pidana](/tag/pidana)
ULASAN LENGKAPThis article is an English translation of Prosedur Penerbitan KK dan KTP Bagi WNA yang Menikah dengan WNI which was written by Dian Dwi Jayanti, S.H. and was published on Tuesday, 4 April 2023.This article below is an update of the article with the same title, which was first written by Rano William Stefano Tewu, S.H. from Lembaga Bantuan Hukum Mawar Saron and was first published on Thursday, 31 August 2017. All legal information available on Klinik hukumonline.com has been prepared for educational purposes only and is general in nature (read the complete Disclaimer). In order to obtain legal advice specific to your case, please consult with Justika Partner Consultant.Definition of Mixed MarriageBased on the information you provided, your marriage is a mixed marriage because you as an Indonesian citizen (Warga Negara Indonesia/ "WNI") are married to a Foreign Citizen (Warga Negara Asing/ "WNA") in Indonesia. Mixed marriage is also known as marriage between citizens, where marriage is motivated by various differences, one of which is differences in nationality.[1]Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Mixed marriage is regulated in Article 57 Law 1/1974 or Marriage Law which reads:What is meant by mixed marriage in this Law is a marriage between two people who in Indonesia are subject to different laws, due to differences in citizenship and one of the parties has Indonesian citizenship.Then Article 60 section (1), (2), and (3) Marriage Law state that: Mixed marriages cannot take place until it is proven that the conditions for marriage determined by the law applicable to each party have been fulfilled.In order to prove that the conditions referred to in paragraph (1) have been fulfilled and that there is therefore no obstacle to a mixed marriage, a certificate that the conditions have been fulfilled shall be given by those who, according to the law applicable to the respective parties, are authorized to register marriages.If the official concerned refuses to give the certificate, the Court shall, at the request of the person concerned, give its decision without further proceedings or appeal on the question of whether the refusal to give the certificate is justified or not.We assume that your mixed marriage has fulfilled the conditions of marriage that are applicable in Indonesia and that there are no obstacles to entering into a mixed marriage, so you should have received a certificate from the marriage registrar stating that the conditions have been fulfilled and that there are no obstacles to entering into a marriage. Alternatively, if the marriage registrar refused to provide a certificate, then you should have received a decision from the Court stating that the refusal of the certificate from the marriage registrar was unreasonable.Registration of Mixed MarriagesFurthermore, based on Article 61 section (1) Marriage Law, mixed marriages are registered by the authorized registrar. Then, Article 2 section (1) Government Regulation 9/1975 states that:The registration of marriages of those who solemnize their marriages according to the Islamic religion shall be carried out by a registrar as referred to in Law Number 32 of 1954 on the Registration of Marriage, Talak (Divorce), and Rujuk (Reconciliation).Thus, it can be concluded that the registration of marriages according to Islam is carried out by a registrar, which based on Article 2 section (2) Regulation of the Minister of Religious Affairs 20/2019 is carried out by the Head of the Sub-district Religious Affairs Office (Kantor Urusan Agama/ "KUA") or Foreign Marriage Registration Officer (Pegawai Pencatat Nikah Luar Negeri/ "PPN LN").Marriage between a man and a Muslim woman who are of different nationalities, whom one of them is an Indonesian Citizen, is registered at the Sub-district Religious Affairs Office or representative office of the Republic of Indonesia abroad.[2]For information, the Head of the Sub-district Religious Affairs Office is a wedding officiant who is given additional duties as the Head of the Sub-district Religious Affairs Office.[3] There is also an Assistant Marriage Registrar who is an employee of the state civil apparatus or members of the public who are assigned to assist the wedding officiant in attending marriage events.[4]So, to answer your question, the mixed marriage that you performed in a Religious Affairs Office in Bandung does not need to be re-registered at the Civil Registry, because for Muslims, marriages are registered at the Religious Affairs Office.Update of ID Cards for Indonesian Citizens, Family Card Issuance, and ID Card Issuance for ForeignersFurthermore, regarding the question of the update of your marital status on your Identity Card or Kartu Tanda Penduduk ("KTP") from "single/unmarried" to "married", this is a data change, which we will explain as follows.Update of ID Cards for Indonesian CitizensThe issuance of electronic ID Cards due to data change for Indonesian Citizens or foreign residents who have a permanent residence or stay permit must meet the following requirements:[5]Family Card or Kartu Keluarga ("KK");Previous/old electronic ID Card;permanent stay permit card; andcertificate/evidence of changes in population events and important events.Issuance of Family CardsThe issuance of a new Family Card for Indonesian Citizens must fulfill the following requirements:[6]marriage book/marriage certificate or divorce certificate;certificate of moving/ certificate of moving in for Residents who move within the territory of the Republic of Indonesia;a certificate of moving abroad issued by the District/ City Population and Civil Registration Office for Indonesian Citizens who come from outside the territory of the Republic of Indonesia due to moving;a certificate of identity mark replacement for a vulnerable resident of the Population Administration; andAn excerpt of the Presidential Decree on naturalization and minutes of the oath or pledge of allegiance for Indonesian Citizens who were originally Foreign Citizens or an excerpt of the Decree of the Minister who organizes government affairs in the field of law regarding changes in citizenship status.Meanwhile, the issuance of a new Family Card for Foreign Residents must fulfill the following requirements:[7]permanent stay permit;marriage book/marriage certificate or divorce certificate; andmoving certificate for residents who move within the territory of the Republic of Indonesia.You can read more about the Permanent Stay Permit Card a.k.a Kartu Izin Tinggal Tetap ("KITAP") in the article entitled What is KITAS/KITAP and How to Obtain it. Meanwhile, the certificate of moving in is used as the basis for the issuance of Family Card, ID Card, or Certificate of Residence for the Foreigner concerned.[8]Issuance of ID Cards for ForeignersThe issuance of a new electronic ID Card for foreign residents who have a permanent stay permit must meet the following requirements:[9]at least 17 (seventeen) years old, married, or have been married;Family Card;Travel Document; andPermanent Stay Permit Card.For information, Population Registration and Civil Registration services at the District/ City Population and Civil Registration Office, and the technical implementation unit of the District/ City Population and Civil Registration Office and Representative of the Republic of Indonesia are carried out through the stages of reporting, verification and validation, data recording, and registering and/or issuing documents.[10] For details on the procedures for population registration and civil registration, you can read Article 62 to Article 72 Regulation of the President 96/2018.Also read: Do You Want to Marry an Expatriate? Check out the Legal Procedures and Consequences!In conclusion, mixed marriage is a marriage between citizens, where the marriage is motivated by differences in nationality. After entering into a marriage, there is a marital status update on the ID Card of an Indonesian Citizen from "single/unmarried" to "married", which is a data change. However, in addition to updating the ID Card of an Indonesian Citizen, if you are married to a foreigner, there is also the issuance of a new Family Card and ID Cards for foreigners, one of the requirements of which is the ownership of KITAP.These are the answers we can provide, we hope you will find them useful.Legal Basis:Law Number 1 of 1974 on Marriage as amended by Law Number 16 of 2019 on the Amendment to Law Number 1 of 1974 on Marriage;Law Number 23 of 2006 on the Administration of the Population as amended by Law Number 24 of 2013 on the Amendment to Law Number 23 of 2006 on the Administration of the Population;Regulation of the Government Number 9 of 1975 on the Implementing Regulation of Law Number 1 of 1974 on Marriage;Regulation of the President Number 96 of 2018 on Requirements and Procedures for Population Registration and Civil Registration;Regulation of the Minister of Religious Affairs Number 20 of 2019 on Marriage Registration.Reference:Eka Susilowati (et.al). Tinjauan Yuridis Perkawinan Campuran Antara WNI dan WNA. Jurnal Mahasiswa Karakter Bangsa, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2022.[1] Eka Susilowati (et.al). Tinjauan Yuridis Perkawinan Campuran Antara WNI dan WNA. Jurnal Mahasiswa Karakter Bangsa, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2022, p. 55.[2] Article 26 Regulation of the Minister of Religious Affairs Number 20 of 2019 on Marriage Registration (“Regulation of the Minister of Religious Affairs 20/2019”).[3] Article 1 number 7 Regulation of the Minister of Religious Affairs 20/2019.[4] Article 1 number 8 Regulation of the Minister of Religious Affairs 20/2019.[5] Article 19 Regulation of the President Number 96 of 2018 on Requirements and Procedures for Population Registration and Civil Registration (“Regulation of the President 96/2018”).[6] Article 11 section (1) Regulation of the President 96/2018.[7] Article 11 section (2) Regulation of the President 96/2018.[8] Article 17 section (4) Law Number 23 of 2006 on the Administration of the Population (“Law 23/2006”).[9] Article 16 Regulation of the President 96/2018.[10] Article 63 Regulation of the President 96/2018.Tagsklinik hukumonline
I just had a mixed marriage with a British foreigner in Indonesia in a Muslim ceremony at a KUA in Bandung. My ID Card or KTP is a Jakarta ID Card. Because I work in Bandung and my family is from Tasikmalaya, I got married in Bandung. My questions are: The mixed marriage that I have processed at KUA Bandung, does it need to be re-registered to the Civil Registry or not? If so, where should it be registered, Civil Registry in Bandung or Jakarta? Please let me know the procedure for updating my marital status on my ID Card, as well as whether Is it true that for the Family Card, a domicile letter must first be made for my husband, even though he does not live in Indonesia? And what is the procedure for making an ID Card for my husband? Thank you very much in advance.
Mixed marriages are marriages based on differences in nationality. So, are mixed marriages conducted at the Religious Affairs Office a.k.a Kantor Urusan Agama ("KUA") required to be registered at the Civil Registry Office? Then, what are the requirements for updating the Identity Card ( Kartu Tanda Penduduk/ "KTP") for Indonesian Citizens (Warga Negara Indonesia/ "WNI") and issuing Family Cards (Kartu Keluarga/ "KK") and ID Card for Foreign Citizens (Warga Negara Asing/ "WNA")? Please read the review below for a further explanation. Somasi: Pengertian, Dasar Hukum, dan Cara Membuatnya 7 Jun 2023Kiat-kiat Membeli Tanah Girik yang Aman4 Jun 2024Syarat dan Prosedur Mempekerjakan TKA untuk Sementara21 Mar 2023Somasi: Pengertian, Dasar Hukum, dan Cara Membuatnya 7 Jun 2023Kiat-kiat Membeli Tanah Girik yang Aman4 Jun 2024Syarat dan Prosedur Mempekerjakan TKA untuk Sementara21 Mar 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/procedures-for-the-issuance-of-family-cards-and-id-cards-for-foreigners-who-marry-indonesian-citizens-lt642d7561ee326/
Procedures for the Issuance of Family Cards and ID Cards for Foreigners Who Marry Indonesian Citizens
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- This article is an English translation of [**_Prosedur Penerbitan KK dan KTP Bagi WNA yang Menikah dengan WNI_**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/prosedur-penerbitan-kk-dan-ktp-bagi-wna-yang-menikah-dengan-wni-lt59648d2c92064?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=prosedur_penerbitan_kk_ktp_wna_menikah_wni) which was written by [**Dian Dwi Jayanti, S.H.**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/dian-dwi-jayanti--sh-lt6374680d16d2f) and was published on Tuesday, 4 April 2023. **This article below is an update of the article with the same title, which was first written by** [**Rano William Stefano Tewu, S.H.**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/lembaga-bantuan-hukum-mawar-saron-lt4ddc7a184bdfe/rano-william-stefano-tewu-s-h--lt59a78ba0e0886) **from** [**Lembaga Bantuan Hukum Mawar Saron**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/lembaga-bantuan-hukum-mawar-saron-lt4ddc7a184bdfe) **and was first published on Thursday, 31 August 2017.**  All legal information available on Klinik hukumonline.com has been prepared for educational purposes only and is general in nature (read the complete [**Disclaimer**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer)). In order to obtain legal advice specific to your case, please consult with [**Justika Partner Consultant**](https://www.justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Definition of Mixed Marriage** Based on the information you provided, your marriage is a mixed marriage because you as an Indonesian citizen (Warga Negara Indonesia/ "WNI") are married to a Foreign Citizen (Warga Negara Asing/ "WNA") in Indonesia. Mixed marriage is also known as marriage between citizens, where marriage is motivated by various differences, one of which is differences in nationality.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Mixed marriage is regulated in **Article 57** [**Law 1/1974**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26834/undangundang-nomor-1-tahun-1974/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_1_1974) or **Marriage Law** which reads: _What is meant by mixed marriage in this Law is a marriage between two people who in Indonesia are subject to different laws, due to differences in citizenship and one of the parties has Indonesian citizenship._ Then **Article 60 section (1), (2), and (3) Marriage Law** state that: 1. _Mixed marriages cannot take place until it is proven that the conditions for marriage determined by the law applicable to each party have been fulfilled._ 2. _In order to prove that the conditions referred to in paragraph (1) have been fulfilled and that there is therefore no obstacle to a mixed marriage, a certificate that the conditions have been fulfilled shall be given by those who, according to the law applicable to the respective parties, are authorized to register marriages._ 3. _If the official concerned refuses to give the certificate, the Court shall, at the request of the person concerned, give its decision without further proceedings or appeal on the question of whether the refusal to give the certificate is justified or not._ We assume that your mixed marriage has fulfilled the conditions of marriage that are applicable in Indonesia and that there are no obstacles to entering into a mixed marriage, so you should have received a certificate from the marriage registrar stating that the conditions have been fulfilled and that there are no obstacles to entering into a marriage. Alternatively, if the marriage registrar refused to provide a certificate, then you should have received a decision from the Court stating that the refusal of the certificate from the marriage registrar was unreasonable. ### **Registration of Mixed Marriages** Furthermore, based on **Article 61 section (1) Marriage Law**, mixed marriages are registered by the authorized registrar. Then, **Article 2 section (1)** [**Government Regulation 9/1975**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/1700/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-9-tahun-1975?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=PP_9_1975) states that: _The registration of marriages of those who solemnize their marriages according to the Islamic religion shall be carried out by a registrar as referred to in Law Number 32 of 1954 on the Registration of Marriage, Talak (Divorce), and Rujuk (Reconciliation)._ Thus, it can be concluded that the registration of marriages according to Islam is carried out by a registrar, which based on **Article 2 section (2)** [**Regulation of the Minister of Religious Affairs 20/2019**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5dba860d110ba/peraturan-menteri-agama-nomor-20-tahun-2019?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=permenag_20_2019) is carried out by the Head of the Sub-district Religious Affairs Office (Kantor Urusan Agama/ "KUA") or Foreign Marriage Registration Officer (Pegawai Pencatat Nikah Luar Negeri/ "PPN LN"). Marriage between a man and a Muslim woman who are of different nationalities, whom one of them is an Indonesian Citizen, is registered at the Sub-district Religious Affairs Office or representative office of the Republic of Indonesia abroad.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) For information, the Head of the Sub-district Religious Affairs Office is a wedding officiant who is given additional duties as the Head of the Sub-district Religious Affairs Office.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) There is also an Assistant Marriage Registrar who is an employee of the state civil apparatus or members of the public who are assigned to assist the wedding officiant in attending marriage events.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) So, to answer your question, the mixed marriage that you performed in a Religious Affairs Office in Bandung does not need to be re-registered at the Civil Registry, because for Muslims, marriages are registered at the Religious Affairs Office. ### **Update of ID Cards for Indonesian Citizens, Family Card Issuance, and ID Card Issuance for Foreigners** Furthermore, regarding the question of the update of your marital status on your Identity Card or _Kartu Tanda Penduduk_ ("KTP") from "single/unmarried" to "married", this is a data change, which we will explain as follows. **Update of ID Cards for Indonesian Citizens** The issuance of electronic ID Cards due to data change for Indonesian Citizens or foreign residents who have a permanent residence or stay permit must meet the following requirements:[\[5\]](#_ftn5) 1. Family Card or _Kartu Keluarga_ ("KK"); 2. Previous/old electronic ID Card; 3. permanent stay permit card; and 4. certificate/evidence of changes in population events and important events. **Issuance of Family Cards** The issuance of a new Family Card for Indonesian Citizens must fulfill the following requirements:[\[6\]](#_ftn6) 1. marriage book/marriage certificate or divorce certificate; 2. certificate of moving/ certificate of moving in for Residents who move within the territory of the Republic of Indonesia; 3. a certificate of moving abroad issued by the District/ City Population and Civil Registration Office for Indonesian Citizens who come from outside the territory of the Republic of Indonesia due to moving; 4. a certificate of identity mark replacement for a vulnerable resident of the Population Administration; and 5. An excerpt of the Presidential Decree on naturalization and minutes of the oath or pledge of allegiance for Indonesian Citizens who were originally Foreign Citizens or an excerpt of the Decree of the Minister who organizes government affairs in the field of law regarding changes in citizenship status. Meanwhile, the issuance of a new Family Card for Foreign Residents must fulfill the following requirements:[\[7\]](#_ftn7) 1. permanent stay permit; 2. marriage book/marriage certificate or divorce certificate; and 3. moving certificate for residents who move within the territory of the Republic of Indonesia. You can read more about the Permanent Stay Permit Card a.k.a _Kartu Izin Tinggal Tetap_ ("KITAP") in the article entitled [**What is KITAS/KITAP and How to Obtain it**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/apa-itu-kitas-kitap-dan-cara-mengurusnya-lt4cca43416d462?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=apa_itu_kitas_kitap_cara_mengurusnya). Meanwhile, the certificate of moving in is used as the basis for the issuance of Family Card, ID Card, or Certificate of Residence for the Foreigner concerned.[\[8\]](#_ftn8) **Issuance of ID Cards for Foreigners** The issuance of a new electronic ID Card for foreign residents who have a permanent stay permit must meet the following requirements:[\[9\]](#_ftn9) 1. at least 17 (seventeen) years old, married, or have been married; 2. Family Card; 3. Travel Document; and 4. Permanent Stay Permit Card. For information, Population Registration and Civil Registration services at the District/ City Population and Civil Registration Office, and the technical implementation unit of the District/ City Population and Civil Registration Office and Representative of the Republic of Indonesia are carried out through the stages of reporting, verification and validation, data recording, and registering and/or issuing documents.[\[10\]](#_ftn10) For details on the procedures for population registration and civil registration, you can read **Article 62 to Article 72** [**Regulation of the President 96/2018**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5bd96b5e9e94d/peraturan-presiden-nomor-96-tahun-2018?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perpres_96_2018). Also read: [**Do You Want to Marry an Expatriate? Check out the Legal Procedures and Consequences!**](https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/do-you-want-to-marry-an-expatriate-check-out-the-legal-procedures-and-consequences--lt63d260c1a1491&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1680703632895333&usg=AOvVaw1scpcvLK7zml7ajuFcSQND?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=do_you_want_to_marry_an_expat) In conclusion, mixed marriage is a marriage between citizens, where the marriage is motivated by differences in nationality. After entering into a marriage, there is a marital status update on the ID Card of an Indonesian Citizen from "single/unmarried" to "married", which is a data change. However, in addition to updating the ID Card of an Indonesian Citizen, if you are married to a foreigner, there is also the issuance of a new Family Card and ID Cards for foreigners, one of the requirements of which is the ownership of KITAP. These are the answers we can provide, we hope you will find them useful. Legal Basis: 1. [Law Number 1 of 1974 on Marriage](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26834/undangundang-nomor-1-tahun-1974/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_1_1974) as amended by [Law Number 16 of 2019 on the Amendment to Law Number 1 of 1974 on Marriage](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5dafedf4cd014/undang-undang-nomor-16-tahun-2019?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_16_2019); 2. [Law Number 23 of 2006 on the Administration of the Population](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26195/node/758/undangundang-nomor-23-tahun-2006?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_23_2006) as amended by [Law Number 24 of 2013 on the Amendment to Law Number 23 of 2006 on the Administration of the Population](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt52e8dd4cb6d80/node/758/uu-no-24-tahun-2013-perubahan-atas-undang-undang-nomor-23-tahun-2006-tentang-administrasikependudukan?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_24_2013); 3. [Regulation of the Government Number 9 of 1975 on the Implementing Regulation of Law Number 1 of 1974 on Marriage](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/1700/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-9-tahun-1975?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=PP_9_1975); 4. [Regulation of the President Number 96 of 2018 on Requirements and Procedures for Population Registration and Civil Registration](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5bd96b5e9e94d/peraturan-presiden-nomor-96-tahun-2018?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perpres_96_2018); 5. [Regulation of the Minister of Religious Affairs Number 20 of 2019 on Marriage Registration](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5dba860d110ba/peraturan-menteri-agama-nomor-20-tahun-2019?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=permenag_20_2019). Reference: Eka Susilowati _(et.al). Tinjauan Yuridis Perkawinan Campuran Antara WNI dan WNA_. Jurnal Mahasiswa Karakter Bangsa, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2022. * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Eka Susilowati _(et.al). Tinjauan Yuridis Perkawinan Campuran Antara WNI dan WNA_. Jurnal Mahasiswa Karakter Bangsa, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2022, p. 55. [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Article 26 [Regulation of the Minister of Religious Affairs Number 20 of 2019 on Marriage Registration](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5dba860d110ba/peraturan-menteri-agama-nomor-20-tahun-2019?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=permenag_20_2019) (“Regulation of the Minister of Religious Affairs 20/2019”). [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Article 1 number 7 Regulation of the Minister of Religious Affairs 20/2019. [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Article 1 number 8 Regulation of the Minister of Religious Affairs 20/2019. [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Article 19 [Regulation of the President Number 96 of 2018 on Requirements and Procedures for Population Registration and Civil Registration](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5bd96b5e9e94d/peraturan-presiden-nomor-96-tahun-2018?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perpres_96_2018) (“Regulation of the President 96/2018”). [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Article 11 section (1) Regulation of the President 96/2018. [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Article 11 section (2) Regulation of the President 96/2018. [\[8\]](#_ftnref8) Article 17 section (4) [Law Number 23 of 2006 on the Administration of the Population](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26195/node/758/undangundang-nomor-23-tahun-2006?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_23_2006) (“Law 23/2006”). [\[9\]](#_ftnref9) Article 16 Regulation of the President 96/2018. [\[10\]](#_ftnref10) Article 63 Regulation of the President 96/2018. Tags ---- [klinik hukumonline](/tag/klinik-hukumonline)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.KLINIK TERKAITBisakah Komisaris Menunjuk Direksi Sementara Tanpa RUPS?11 Jul 2023Hukumnya Jika Komisaris Ikut Campur Pengurusan PT05 Apr 2023Prinsip Fiduciary Duty Direksi dan Dewan Komisaris 08 Mar 2023Perbedaan Dividen Final dengan Dividen Interim12 Apr 2013Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul Bolehkah Memindahkan Uang Perusahaan ke Rekening Pribadi Direksi? yang dibuat oleh Letezia Tobing, S.H., M.Kn. dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Jumat, 17 Mei 2013.Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.Pengertian dan Dasar Hukum Perseroan TerbatasBelajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Sebelum menjawab inti pertanyaan Anda, sebaiknya kita pahami terlebih dahulu apa yang dimaksud dengan perusahaan. Pasal 1 angka 6 UU 13/2003 mendefinisikan perusahaan sebagai:setiap bentuk usaha yang berbadan hukum atau tidak, milik orang perseorangan, milik persekutuan, atau milik badan hukum, baik milik swasta maupun milik negara yang mempekerjakan pekerja/buruh dengan membayar upah atau imbalan dalam bentuk lain;usaha-usaha sosial dan usaha-usaha lain yang mempunyai pengurus dan mempekerjakan orang lain dengan membayar upah atau imbalan dalam bentuk lain. Dari definisi tersebut, menurut hemat kami dapat dilihat bahwa perusahaan dapat berbentuk badan hukum atau tidak berbentuk badan hukum. Supaya tulisan ini lebih fokus, kami asumsikan bahwa perusahaan yang Anda maksud adalah perusahaan berbentuk badan hukum, dan karena Anda menyebutkan mengenai pemegang saham, maka kami asumsikan perusahaan berbadan hukum yang Anda maksud adalah berbentuk Perseroan Terbatas (untuk selanjutnya disebut “perseroan”).Pasal 109 angka 1 Perppu Ciptaker yang mengubah Pasal 1 angka 1 UU 40/2007, mengatur bahwa perseroan adalah sebagai berikut:Perseroan Terbatas, yang selanjutnya disebut Perseroan, adalah badan hukum yang merupakan persekutuan modal, didirikan berdasarkan perjanjian, melakukan kegiatan usaha dengan modal dasar yang seluruhnya terbagi dalam saham atau badan hukum perorangan yang memenuhi kriteria usaha mikro dan kecil sebagaimana diatur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan mengenai usaha mikro dan kecil. Mengingat perseroan adalah perusahaan berbentuk badan hukum, terdapat ciri-ciri khas yang membedakannya dengan perusahaan bukan berbentuk badan hukum. Menurut A. Ridwan Halim, perbedaan perusahaan berbentuk badan hukum dengan perusahaan bukan berbentuk badan hukum, salah satunya adalah berstatus sebagai subjek hukum sehingga memiliki hak dan kewajiban tersendiri dalam lalu lintas hukum yang terpisah dari hak dan kewajiban pengurusnya.[1]Selain hak dan kewajiban yang terpisah, salah satu ciri khas perseroan lainnya adalah pemisahan harta kekayaan antara perseroan dengan pengurusnya. Status perseroan sebagai badan hukum menyebabkan pemilik atau pemegang saham dan pengurus atau direksi selaku entitas yang terpisah dengan entitas perseroan. H Zaeni Asyhadie dan Budi Sutrisno dalam buku berjudul Hukum Perusahaan & Kepailitan, menyebutkan perseroan juga dikenal dengan istilah separate legal personality.[2]Dalam menjalankan operasionalnya, perseroan sebagai subjek hukum buatan (artificial person) tidak dapat bertindak sendiri, namun diperlukan orang-orang yang memiliki kehendak menjalankan perseroan tersebut sesuai dengan maksud dan tujuan pendirian perseroan. Orang-orang yang menjalankan, mengelola, dan mengurus perseroan disebut sebagai organ perseroan[3] yang terdiri dari:[4]Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham;Direksi; dan Dewan Komisaris.Kemudian, berdasarkan Pasal 109 angka 5 Perppu Ciptaker yang mengubah Pasal 1 angka 5 UU 40/2007, direksi adalah organ perseroan yang berwenang dan bertanggung jawab penuh atas pengurusan perseroan untuk kepentingan perseroan, sesuai dengan maksud dan tujuan perseroan serta mewakili perseroan, baik di dalam maupun di luar pengadilan sesuai dengan ketentuan anggaran dasar. Sebagaimana dapat dilihat dalam definisi direksi, intinya direksi merupakan pihak yang bertanggung jawab untuk mengurus perseroan, namun, tetap dalam kerangka maksud dan tujuan perseroan serta berpedoman dengan ketentuan anggaran dasar.Aturan Hukum Jika Direksi Memindahkan Uang Perusahaan ke Rekening PribadiMerujuk pada penjelasan sebelumnya, direksi diberikan kewenangan untuk melakukan pengurusan perseroan, tentu saja termasuk tanggung jawab dalam aspek keuangan Perseroan.[5] Lebih lanjut, direksi dalam bertanggung jawab atas pengurusan perseroan  wajib melaksanakannya dengan iktikad baik serta penuh tanggung jawab.[6] Dalam sistem common law, tanggung jawab direksi dalam mengurus perseroan dikenal dengan fiduciary duties, artinya direksi memiliki hubungan fidusia dengan perseroan, dan direksi mengikatkan diri kepada perseroan untuk bertindak dengan iktikad baik demi kemanfaatan dan kepentingan perseroan.[7] Dengan mempertimbangkan tugas dan wewenang direksi yang dikaitkan dengan prinsip pemisahan harta kekayaan perseroan, maka pengurusan keuangan perseroan tetap harus berpatokan pada prinsip bahwa keuangan perseroan adalah terpisah dari keuangan pribadi direksi. Oleh karena itu, tindakan memindahkan uang perseroan ke rekening pribadi direksi tanpa alasan yang jelas merupakan pelanggaran prinsip pemisahan harta yang telah kami jelaskan. Dalam konteks pertanyaan Anda, tindakan memindahkan uang perseroan adalah karena salah satu pemegang saham yang merupakan Warga Negara Asing (“WNA”) telah ditanggung oleh pemegang saham lainnya. Kami kurang mendapatkan informasi mengenai apa yang dimaksud “ditanggung” dalam pertanyaan tersebut dan dalam konteks apa penanggungan tersebut dilakukan? Apakah yang dimaksud “ditanggung” adalah penyetoran modal dari WNA tersebut yang ditanggung oleh pemegang saham lainnya, atau biaya hidup pemegang saham WNA tersebut yang ditanggung oleh pemegang saham lainnya? Namun demikian, alasan tersebut tetap tidak dapat digunakan untuk menjustifikasi tindakan memindahkan uang perseroan ke rekening pribadi pemegang saham mayoritas yang merangkap sebagai direksi.Menurut hemat kami, akibat hukum dari tindakan pemegang saham dan/atau direksi yang memindahkan uang perseroan ke rekening pribadi adalah hilangnya pemisahan tanggung jawab antara pemegang saham dan/atau direksi dengan tanggung jawab perseroan dalam hal perseroan mengalami kerugian. Pasal 3 ayat (1) UU 40/2007 mengatur bahwa pemegang saham perseroan tidak bertanggung jawab secara pribadi atas perikatan yang dibuat atas nama perseroan dan tidak bertanggung jawab atas kerugian perseroan. Namun, sesuai dengan Pasal 3 ayat (2) UU 40/2007, ketentuan pada ayat (1) tersebut tidak berlaku apabila:persyaratan Perseroan sebagai badan hukum belum atau tidak terpenuhi; pemegang saham yang bersangkutan baik langsung maupun tidak langsung dengan itikad buruk memanfaatkan Perseroan untuk kepentingan pribadi;pemegang saham yang bersangkutan terlibat dalam perbuatan melawan hukum yang dilakukan oleh Perseroan; ataupemegang saham yang bersangkutan baik langsung maupun tidak langsung secara melawan hukum menggunakan kekayaan Perseroan, yang mengakibatkan kekayaan Perseroan menjadi tidak cukup untuk melunasi utang Perseroan.Sebagai informasi, Penjelasan Pasal 3 ayat (2) UU 40/2007 menjelaskan bahwa  tanggung jawab pemegang saham sebesar setoran atas seluruh saham yang dimilikinya kemungkinan hapus apabila terbukti, antara lain terjadi pencampuran harta kekayaan pribadi pemegang saham dan harta kekayaan perseroan sehingga perseroan didirikan semata-mata sebagai alat yang dipergunakan pemegang saham untuk memenuhi tujuan pribadinya sebagaimana dimaksud dalam huruf b dan huruf d.Sedangkan, dalam hal tindakan tersebut dilakukan dalam perannya sebagai direksi, Pasal 97 ayat (3) UU No. 40/2007 mengatur bahwa setiap anggota direksi bertanggungjawab secara pribadi atas kerugian perseroan apabila yang bersangkutan bersalah atau lalai menjalankan tugasnya.Kesimpulannya, perseroan adalah perusahaan berbentuk badan hukum yang salah satu cirinya adalah berstatus sebagai subjek hukum sehingga memiliki hak dan kewajiban tersendiri yang terpisah dari hak dan kewajiban pengurusnya. Selain itu, terdapat pemisahan harta kekayaan antara perseroan dengan pengurus. Dalam hal terjadi pemindahan uang perusahaan ke rekening pribadi direksi, maka tindakan ini merupakan pelanggaran prinsip pemisahan harta. Tindakan tersebut juga berpotensi merugikan perseroan, sehingga, pemegang saham dan/atau direksi yang bersangkutan bisa dimintai pertanggungjawaban secara pribadi.Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUMUndang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang KetenagakerjaanUndang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan TerbatasPeraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta KerjaUndang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023REFERENSIA. Ridwan Halim. Pengantar Hukum Indonesia Dalam Tanya Jawab Jilid 2. Bogor: Ghalia Indonesia, 2007;H. Zaeni Asyhadie dan Budi Sutrisno. Hukum Perusahaan & Kepailitan. Jakarta: Erlangga, 2012. [1] A. Ridwan Halim. Pengantar Hukum Indonesia Dalam Tanya Jawab Jilid 2. Bogor: Ghalia Indonesia, 2007, hal. 32.[2] H. Zaeni Asyhadie dan Budi Sutrisno. Hukum Perusahaan & Kepailitan. Jakarta: Erlangga, 2012, hal. 70.[3] H. Zaeni Asyhadie dan Budi Sutrisno. Hukum Perusahaan & Kepailitan. Jakarta: Erlangga, 2012, hal.  92.[4] Pasal 109 angka 1 Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja (“Perppu Ciptaker”) yang mengubah Pasal 1 angka 2 Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas (“UU 40/2007”).[5] Pasal 92 ayat (1) jo. Pasal 69 ayat (3) UU 40/2007.[6] Pasal 97 ayat (1) dan (2) UU 40/2007.[7] H. Zaeni Asyhadie dan Budi Sutrisno. Hukum Perusahaan & Kepailitan. Jakarta: Erlangga, 2012, hal. 97.Tagsuu perseroan terbatas
Apakah ada alasan pembenaran atas pemindahan uang perusahaan ke rekening pribadi direksi yang sekaligus pemegang saham mayoritas di suatu perusahaan? Alasan pemindahan tersebut karena salah satu pemegang saham yang lain (sebut saja pemegang saham B) yang merupakan WNA selama berada di dalam perusahaan tersebut telah ditanggung oleh pemegang saham A (yang memindahkan uang perusahaan).
Pada dasarnya, terdapat pemisahan antara harta kekayaan perseroan terbatas dengan harta kekayaan pribadi direksi maupun pemegang saham. Sehingga, memindahkan uang perusahaan ke rekening pribadi pemegang saham yang merangkap direksi tanpa dasar yang jelas, berpotensi merugikan perseroan terbatas. Lantas, bagaimana aturan hukumnya jika direksi memindahkan uang perusahaan ke rekening pribadinya? Dapatkah direksi dimintai pertanggungjawaban secara pribadi? Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Bisakah Komisaris Menunjuk Direksi Sementara Tanpa RUPS?11 Jul 2023Hukumnya Jika Komisaris Ikut Campur Pengurusan PT05 Apr 2023Prinsip Fiduciary Duty Direksi dan Dewan Komisaris 08 Mar 2023Perbedaan Dividen Final dengan Dividen Interim12 Apr 2013Bisakah Komisaris Menunjuk Direksi Sementara Tanpa RUPS?11 Jul 2023Hukumnya Jika Komisaris Ikut Campur Pengurusan PT05 Apr 2023Prinsip Fiduciary Duty Direksi dan Dewan Komisaris 08 Mar 2023Perbedaan Dividen Final dengan Dividen Interim12 Apr 2013Cara Mengurus Akta Cerai yang Hilang19 Mei 2023Simak! Ini 5 Langkah Merger PT 22 Mei 2023Cara Menghitung Pembebasan Bersyarat bagi Narapidana3 Agu 2022Cara Mengurus Akta Cerai yang Hilang19 Mei 2023Simak! Ini 5 Langkah Merger PT 22 Mei 2023Cara Menghitung Pembebasan Bersyarat bagi Narapidana3 Agu 2022
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/hukumnya-jika-direksi-memindahkan-uang-perusahaan-ke-rekening-pribadi-lt51775aea8ff7c/
Hukumnya Jika Direksi Memindahkan Uang Perusahaan ke Rekening Pribadi
pages/150/page-1.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Bisakah Komisaris Menunjuk Direksi Sementara Tanpa RUPS? ](/klinik/a/bisakah-komisaris-menunjuk-direksi-sementara-tanpa-rups-cl5697/) ![Bisakah Komisaris Menunjuk Direksi Sementara Tanpa RUPS?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/cl5697/thumbnail_lt64ad3bee85849.jpg) 11 Jul 2023 [ #### Hukumnya Jika Komisaris Ikut Campur Pengurusan PT ](/klinik/a/hukumnya-jika-komisaris-ikut-campur-pengurusan-pt-lt511c42f2e6193/) ![Hukumnya Jika Komisaris Ikut Campur Pengurusan PT](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt511c42f2e6193/thumbnail_lt642d1823e9c0f.jpg) 05 Apr 2023 [ #### Prinsip _Fiduciary Duty_ Direksi dan Dewan Komisaris ](/klinik/a/fiduciary-duty-cl4058/) ![Prinsip <i>Fiduciary Duty</i> Direksi dan Dewan Komisaris ](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/cl4058/thumbnail_lt640916faae2ac.jpg) 08 Mar 2023 [ #### Perbedaan Dividen Final dengan Dividen Interim ](/klinik/a/perbedaan-dividen-final-dengan-dividen-interim-cl1949/) ![Perbedaan Dividen Final dengan Dividen Interim](https://static.hukumonline.com/frontend/default/images/kaze/thumbnail_default.jpg) 12 Apr 2013 [](#!) **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul** **_Bolehkah Memindahkan Uang Perusahaan ke Rekening Pribadi Direksi?_** **yang dibuat oleh [Letezia Tobing, S.H., M.Kn.](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/letezia-tobing--sh--mkn-lt506aec66ed27e) dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Jumat, 17 Mei 2013.** Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Pengertian dan Dasar Hukum Perseroan Terbatas** Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Sebelum menjawab inti pertanyaan Anda, sebaiknya kita pahami terlebih dahulu apa yang dimaksud dengan perusahaan. **Pasal 1 angka 6 [UU 13/2003](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13146/undangundang-nomor-13-tahun-2003/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_13_2003)** mendefinisikan perusahaan sebagai: 1. _setiap bentuk usaha yang berbadan hukum atau tidak, milik orang perseorangan, milik persekutuan, atau milik badan hukum, baik milik swasta maupun milik negara yang mempekerjakan pekerja/buruh dengan membayar upah atau imbalan dalam bentuk lain;_ 2. _usaha-usaha sosial dan usaha-usaha lain yang mempunyai pengurus dan mempekerjakan orang lain dengan membayar upah atau imbalan dalam bentuk lain._ Dari definisi tersebut, menurut hemat kami dapat dilihat bahwa perusahaan dapat berbentuk badan hukum atau tidak berbentuk badan hukum. Supaya tulisan ini lebih fokus, kami asumsikan bahwa perusahaan yang Anda maksud adalah perusahaan berbentuk badan hukum, dan karena Anda menyebutkan mengenai pemegang saham, maka kami asumsikan perusahaan berbadan hukum yang Anda maksud adalah berbentuk Perseroan Terbatas (untuk selanjutnya disebut “perseroan”). **Pasal 109 angka 1 [Perppu Ciptaker](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022)** yang mengubah **Pasal 1 angka 1 [UU 40/2007](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26940/undangundang-nomor-40-tahun-2007?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_40_2007)**, mengatur bahwa perseroan adalah sebagai berikut: _Perseroan Terbatas, yang selanjutnya disebut Perseroan, adalah badan hukum yang merupakan persekutuan modal, didirikan berdasarkan perjanjian, melakukan kegiatan usaha dengan modal dasar yang seluruhnya terbagi dalam saham atau badan hukum perorangan yang memenuhi kriteria usaha mikro dan kecil sebagaimana diatur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan mengenai usaha mikro dan kecil._ Mengingat perseroan adalah perusahaan berbentuk badan hukum, terdapat ciri-ciri khas yang membedakannya dengan perusahaan bukan berbentuk badan hukum. Menurut **A. Ridwan Halim**, perbedaan perusahaan berbentuk badan hukum dengan perusahaan bukan berbentuk badan hukum, salah satunya adalah berstatus sebagai subjek hukum sehingga memiliki hak dan kewajiban tersendiri dalam lalu lintas hukum yang terpisah dari hak dan kewajiban pengurusnya.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Selain hak dan kewajiban yang terpisah, salah satu ciri khas perseroan lainnya adalah pemisahan harta kekayaan antara perseroan dengan pengurusnya. Status perseroan sebagai badan hukum menyebabkan pemilik atau pemegang saham dan pengurus atau direksi selaku entitas yang terpisah dengan entitas perseroan. **H Zaeni Asyhadie** dan **Budi Sutrisno** dalam buku berjudul _Hukum Perusahaan & Kepailitan_, menyebutkan perseroan juga dikenal dengan istilah _separate legal personality_.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Dalam menjalankan operasionalnya, perseroan sebagai subjek hukum buatan (_artificial person_) tidak dapat bertindak sendiri, namun diperlukan orang-orang yang memiliki kehendak menjalankan perseroan tersebut sesuai dengan maksud dan tujuan pendirian perseroan. Orang-orang yang menjalankan, mengelola, dan mengurus perseroan disebut sebagai organ perseroan[\[3\]](#_ftn3) yang terdiri dari:[\[4\]](#_ftn4) 1. Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham; 2. Direksi; dan 3. Dewan Komisaris. Kemudian, berdasarkan **Pasal 109 angka 5 Perppu Ciptaker** yang mengubah **Pasal 1 angka 5 UU 40/2007**, direksi adalah organ perseroan yang berwenang dan bertanggung jawab penuh atas pengurusan perseroan untuk kepentingan perseroan, sesuai dengan maksud dan tujuan perseroan serta mewakili perseroan, baik di dalam maupun di luar pengadilan sesuai dengan ketentuan anggaran dasar. Sebagaimana dapat dilihat dalam definisi direksi, intinya direksi merupakan pihak yang bertanggung jawab untuk mengurus perseroan, namun, tetap dalam kerangka maksud dan tujuan perseroan serta berpedoman dengan ketentuan anggaran dasar. ### **Aturan Hukum Jika Direksi Memindahkan Uang Perusahaan ke Rekening Pribadi** Merujuk pada penjelasan sebelumnya, direksi diberikan kewenangan untuk melakukan pengurusan perseroan, tentu saja termasuk tanggung jawab dalam aspek keuangan Perseroan.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) Lebih lanjut, direksi dalam bertanggung jawab atas pengurusan perseroan  wajib melaksanakannya dengan iktikad baik serta penuh tanggung jawab.[\[6\]](#_ftn6) Dalam sistem _common law,_ tanggung jawab direksi dalam mengurus perseroan dikenal dengan _fiduciary duties,_ artinya direksi memiliki hubungan fidusia dengan perseroan, dan direksi mengikatkan diri kepada perseroan untuk bertindak dengan iktikad baik demi kemanfaatan dan kepentingan perseroan.[\[7\]](#_ftn7) Dengan mempertimbangkan tugas dan wewenang direksi yang dikaitkan dengan prinsip pemisahan harta kekayaan perseroan, maka pengurusan keuangan perseroan tetap harus berpatokan pada prinsip bahwa keuangan perseroan adalah terpisah dari keuangan pribadi direksi. Oleh karena itu, tindakan memindahkan uang perseroan ke rekening pribadi direksi tanpa alasan yang jelas merupakan pelanggaran prinsip pemisahan harta yang telah kami jelaskan. Dalam konteks pertanyaan Anda, tindakan memindahkan uang perseroan adalah karena salah satu pemegang saham yang merupakan Warga Negara Asing (“WNA”) telah ditanggung oleh pemegang saham lainnya. Kami kurang mendapatkan informasi mengenai apa yang dimaksud “ditanggung” dalam pertanyaan tersebut dan dalam konteks apa penanggungan tersebut dilakukan? Apakah yang dimaksud “ditanggung” adalah penyetoran modal dari WNA tersebut yang ditanggung oleh pemegang saham lainnya, atau biaya hidup pemegang saham WNA tersebut yang ditanggung oleh pemegang saham lainnya? Namun demikian, alasan tersebut tetap tidak dapat digunakan untuk menjustifikasi tindakan memindahkan uang perseroan ke rekening pribadi pemegang saham mayoritas yang merangkap sebagai direksi. Menurut hemat kami, akibat hukum dari tindakan pemegang saham dan/atau direksi yang memindahkan uang perseroan ke rekening pribadi adalah hilangnya pemisahan tanggung jawab antara pemegang saham dan/atau direksi dengan tanggung jawab perseroan dalam hal perseroan mengalami kerugian. **Pasal 3 ayat (1) UU 40/2007** mengatur bahwa pemegang saham perseroan tidak bertanggung jawab secara pribadi atas perikatan yang dibuat atas nama perseroan dan tidak bertanggung jawab atas kerugian perseroan. Namun, sesuai dengan **Pasal 3 ayat (2) UU 40/2007**, ketentuan pada ayat (1) tersebut tidak berlaku apabila: 1. _persyaratan Perseroan sebagai badan hukum belum atau tidak terpenuhi;_ 2. _pemegang saham yang bersangkutan baik langsung maupun tidak langsung dengan itikad buruk memanfaatkan Perseroan untuk kepentingan pribadi__;_ 3. _pemegang saham yang bersangkutan terlibat dalam perbuatan melawan hukum yang dilakukan oleh Perseroan; atau_ 4. _pemegang saham yang bersangkutan baik langsung maupun tidak langsung secara melawan hukum menggunakan kekayaan Perseroan, yang mengakibatkan kekayaan Perseroan menjadi tidak cukup untuk melunasi utang Perseroan._ Sebagai informasi, **Penjelasan Pasal 3 ayat (2) UU 40/2007** menjelaskan bahwa  tanggung jawab pemegang saham sebesar setoran atas seluruh saham yang dimilikinya kemungkinan hapus apabila terbukti, antara lain terjadi pencampuran harta kekayaan pribadi pemegang saham dan harta kekayaan perseroan sehingga perseroan didirikan semata-mata sebagai alat yang dipergunakan pemegang saham untuk memenuhi tujuan pribadinya sebagaimana dimaksud dalam huruf b dan huruf d. Sedangkan, dalam hal tindakan tersebut dilakukan dalam perannya sebagai direksi, **Pasal 97 ayat (3) UU No. 40/2007** mengatur bahwa setiap anggota direksi bertanggungjawab secara pribadi atas kerugian perseroan apabila yang bersangkutan bersalah atau lalai menjalankan tugasnya. Kesimpulannya, perseroan adalah perusahaan berbentuk badan hukum yang salah satu cirinya adalah berstatus sebagai subjek hukum sehingga memiliki hak dan kewajiban tersendiri yang terpisah dari hak dan kewajiban pengurusnya. Selain itu, terdapat pemisahan harta kekayaan antara perseroan dengan pengurus. Dalam hal terjadi pemindahan uang perusahaan ke rekening pribadi direksi, maka tindakan ini merupakan pelanggaran prinsip pemisahan harta. Tindakan tersebut juga berpotensi merugikan perseroan, sehingga, pemegang saham dan/atau direksi yang bersangkutan bisa dimintai pertanggungjawaban secara pribadi. Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13146/undangundang-nomor-13-tahun-2003/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_13_2003) Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26940/undangundang-nomor-40-tahun-2007?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_40_2007) Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022) Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023 [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6427eaaee8a1f/undang-undang-nomor-6-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_6_2023) REFERENSI --------- 1. A. Ridwan Halim. Pengantar Hukum Indonesia Dalam Tanya Jawab Jilid 2. Bogor: Ghalia Indonesia, 2007; 2. H. Zaeni Asyhadie dan Budi Sutrisno. Hukum Perusahaan & Kepailitan. Jakarta: Erlangga, 2012. * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) A. Ridwan Halim. _Pengantar Hukum Indonesia Dalam Tanya Jawab Jilid 2_. Bogor: Ghalia Indonesia, 2007, hal. 32. [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) H. Zaeni Asyhadie dan Budi Sutrisno. _Hukum Perusahaan & Kepailitan_. Jakarta: Erlangga, 2012, hal. 70. [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) H. Zaeni Asyhadie dan Budi Sutrisno. _Hukum Perusahaan & Kepailitan_. Jakarta: Erlangga, 2012, hal.  92. [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 109 angka 1 [Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022) (“Perppu Ciptaker”) yang mengubah Pasal 1 angka 2 [Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26940/undangundang-nomor-40-tahun-2007?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_40_2007) (“UU 40/2007”). [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Pasal 92 ayat (1) _jo._ Pasal 69 ayat (3) UU 40/2007. [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Pasal 97 ayat (1) dan (2) UU 40/2007. [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) H. Zaeni Asyhadie dan Budi Sutrisno. _Hukum Perusahaan & Kepailitan_. Jakarta: Erlangga, 2012, hal. 97. Tags ---- [uu perseroan terbatas](/tag/uu-perseroan-terbatas)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran kedua dari artikel dengan judul Tanggung Jawab Orang Tua Jika Anak Melakukan Tindak Pidana yang dibuat oleh Tri Jata Ayu Pramesti, S.H. dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Jumat, 13 September 2013 kemudian dimutakhirkan pertama kali pada Minggu, 3 Januari 2016.KLINIK TERKAITMengenal Ragam Hukuman Pidana untuk Anak30 Apr 2024Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak serta Pendekatan Restoratif dan Diversi31 Mar 2023Perbedaan ‘Sengaja’ dan ‘Tidak Sengaja’ dalam Hukum Pidana27 Mar 2023Anak Memprovokasi Tindak Pidana, Bisakah Dihukum?16 Mar 2023Artikel ini dibuat berdasarkan KUHP lama dan UU 1/2023 tentang KUHP yang diundangkan pada tanggal 2 Januari 2023.Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.Jika Anak Melakukan Tindak PidanaBelajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Sebelum menjawab inti pertanyaan Anda, perlu kami sampaikan terlebih dahulu yang dimaksud dengan anak. Secara umum, anak adalah seseorang yang belum berusia 18 tahun, termasuk anak yang masih dalam kandungan.[1] Sementara dalam konteks anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum adalah anak yang telah berumur 12 tahun, tetapi belum berumur 18 tahun yang diduga melakukan tindak pidana.[2]Selanjutnya, anak yang mengendarai kendaraan bermotor hingga menyebabkan korban meninggal dunia dapat dikenai pidana berdasarkan Pasal 310 ayat (4) UU LLAJ bahwa setiap orang yang mengemudikan kendaraan bermotor yang karena kelalaiannya mengakibatkan kecelakaan lalu lintas yang mengakibatkan orang lain meninggal dunia, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 6 tahun dan/atau denda paling banyak Rp12 juta.Namun, ancaman pidana di atas berlaku bagi orang dewasa. Sedangkan ancaman pidana penjara bagi anak yang melakukan tindak pidana adalah paling lama 1/2 dari maksimum ancaman pidana penjara bagi orang dewasa.[3] Sementara, apabila anak yang melakukan tindak pidana berusia kurang dari 14 tahun hanya dapat dikenai tindakan[4] sebagaimana diatur di dalam Pasal 82 UU SPPA. Selengkapnya mengenai sanksi pidana anak dapat Anda baca dalam artikel Mengenal Macam-macam Sanksi Pidana Anak.Dengan demikian, anak yang mengemudikan kendaraan bermotor karena kelalaiannya hingga mengakibatkan orang lain meninggal dunia, dipidana dengan pidana penjara setengah dari ancaman pidana bagi orang dewasa yaitu 6 tahun, sehingga menjadi paling lama 3 tahun penjara atau jika berusia kurang dari 14 tahun maka akan dikenai tindakan.Apakah Orang Tua Harus Bertanggung Jawab atas Kejahatan Anak-Anaknya?Lalu, jika dilihat dari sisi orang tua, apakah orang tua bisa dipidana jika membiarkan anaknya mengemudi kendaraan bermotor?Dalam kacamata hukum pidana, terdapat asas pertanggungjawaban pidana yaitu geen straf zonder schuld, actus non facit reum nisi mens sist rea yaitu tidak dipidana jika tidak ada kesalahan. Menurut Moeljatno, orang tidak mungkin dipertanggungjawabkan (dijatuhi pidana) kalau dia tidak melakukan perbuatan pidana.[5]Sementara, menurut pendapat Mudzakkir sebagaimana dikutip dari artikel Pakar: Tanggung Jawab Pidana Tak Bisa Dilihkan, asas hukum pidana secara tegas mengatur bahwa tanggung jawab pidana itu tak bisa dialihkan kepada orang lain. Termasuk, jika pengalihan itu diberikan kepada keluarga si pelaku tindak pidana.Dalam ketentuan KUHP lama yang masih berlaku pada saat artikel ini diterbitkan dan UU 1/2023 yang mulai berlaku 3 tahun terhitung sejak tanggal diundangkan,[6] yakni pada tahun 2026, ditegaskan bahwa seseorang yang dapat dipidana sebagai pelaku tindak pidana adalah:Pasal 55 ayat (1) KUHPPasal 20 UU 1/20231. mereka yang melakukan, yang menyuruh melakukan, dan yang turut serta melakukan perbuatan;2. mereka yang dengan memberi atau menjanjikan sesuatu, dengan menyalahgunakan kekuasaan atau martabat, dengan kekerasan, ancaman atau penyesatan, atau dengan memberi kesempatan, sarana atau keterangan, sengaja menganjurkan orang lain supaya melakukan perbuatan.a. melakukan sendiri tindak pidana;b. melakukan tindak pidana dengan perantaraan alat atau menyuruh orang lain yang tidak dapat dipertanggungjawabkan;c. turut serta melakukan tindak pidana; ataud. menggerakkan orang lain supaya melakukan tindak pidana dengan cara memberi atau menjanjikan sesuatu, menyalahgunakan kekuasaan atau martabat, melakukan kekerasan, menggunakan ancaman kekerasan, melakukan penyesatan, atau dengan memberi kesempatan, sarana, atau keterangan.Jadi, menjawab pertanyaan Anda, tindak pidana mengemudikan kendaraan bermotor yang karena kelalaiannya mengakibatkan kecelakaan lalu lintas hingga menyebabkan orang lain meninggal dunia yang dilakukan oleh anak tidak bisa dialihkan pertanggungjawaban pidananya kepada orang tua anak. Hal ini didasari asas pertanggungjawaban pidana dalam hukum pidana menurut ahli dan KUHP yang kami jelaskan tadi.Tanggung Jawab Orang Tua Menurut Hukum Perdata Perbuatan orang tua yang karena kelalaiannya membiarkan anaknya mengendarai kendaraan dan menyebabkan kecelakaan, memang tidak bisa dikenakan sanksi pidana. Meski demikian, secara perdata orang tua dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban membayar ganti rugi atas perbuatan anaknya.Hal ini diatur dalam Pasal 1367 KUHPerdatayang berbunyi:Seseorang tidak hanya bertanggung jawab, atas kerugian yang disebabkan perbuatannya sendiri, melainkan juga atas kerugian yang disebabkan perbuatan-perbuatan orang-orang yang menjadi tanggungannya atau disebabkan barang-barang yang berada di bawah pengawasannya. Orangtua dan wali bertanggung jawab atas kerugian yang disebabkan oleh anak-anak yang belum dewasa, yang tinggal pada mereka dan terhadap siapa mereka melakukan kekuasaan orangtua atau wali. Maka berdasarkan ketentuan di atas, dalam konteks hukum perdata orang tua bisa bertanggung jawab atas kerugian yang disebabkan oleh anaknya.Contoh KasusSebagai contoh kasus dapat kita lihat dalam Putusan PN Bandung No. 423/Pdt/G/2011/PN. Bdg. Tergugat merupakan ayah kandung dari anak yang menjadi pelaku penyebab kecelakaan lalu lintas yang mengakibatkan luka berat terhadap korban yang merupakan Penggugat di kasus ini (hal. 1).Sebelumnya, pengadilan telah menyatakan anak tergugat terbukti secara sah dan menyakinkan bersalah melakukan tindak pidana: “Karena kelalaiannya menyebabkan kecelakaan lalu lintas yang mengakibatkan orang lain luka berat” sebagaimana dimaksud Pasal 310 ayat (3) UU LLAJ dan dihukum pidana penjara selama 1 tahun (hal. 2).Akibat perbuatan yang dilakukan oleh anak kandung tergugat, penggugat mengajukan gugatan perbuatan melawan hukum dan meminta tergugat membayar sejumlah ganti rugi atas biaya pengobatan yang telah dikeluarkan oleh penggugat dan kerugian immateriil (hal. 3 – 8).Dengan mempertimbangkan Pasal 1367 KUH Perdata, hakim menyatakan bahwa tergugat dapat dibebani membayar kerugian yang diakibatkan perbuatan melawan hukum dari anaknya yang belum dewasa dan belum menikah tersebut (hal. 31).Akhirnya, hakim menghukum tergugat sebagai orang tua dari anak yang menjadi penyebab kecelakaan lalu lintas itu untuk mengganti kerugian materil sebesar Rp82,7 juta (hal. 33).Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat.DASAR HUKUMKitab Undang-Undang Hukum PerdataKitab Undang-Undang Hukum PidanaUndang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan AnakUndang-Undang Nomor 35 tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan AnakPeraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan AnakUndang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2016 tentang Penetapan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak Menjadi Undang-UndangUndang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2009 tentang Lalu Lintas dan Angkutan JalanUndang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana AnakPeraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta KerjaUndang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023 tentang Penetapan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja Menjadi Undang-UndangUndang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum PidanaPUTUSANPutusan Pengadilan Negeri Bandung Nomor 423/Pdt/G/2011/PN. Bdg.REFERENSIMoeljatno. Asas-Asas Hukum Pidana. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2009.[1] Pasal 1 angka 1 Undang-Undang Nomor 35 tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak (“UU 35/2014”)[2] Pasal 1 angka 3 Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak (“UU SPPA”)[3] Pasal 81 ayat (2) UU SPPA [4] Pasal 69 ayat (2) UU SPPA[5] Moeljatno, Asas-Asas Hukum Pidana, Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2009, hal.165 dan 167[6] Pasal 624 Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum PidanaTagsanakkuhpperdatapidanauu lalu lintas dan angkutan jalanuu perlindungan anak
Apabila seorang ayah/ibu lalai membiarkan anaknya yang masih di bawah umur mengendarai kendaraan bermotor/mobil dan kemudian mengalami kecelakaan yang mengakibatkan tewasnya seseorang, apakah si ayah/ibu tersebut dapat dipidana juga karena kelalaiannya membiarkan anaknya mengendarai kendaraan tersebut?
Dalam hal bagaimana jika anak melakukan tindak pidana mengendarai kendaraan yang menyebabkan kecelakaan hingga korban meninggal, apakah orang tuanya harus bertanggung jawab? Jawabannya terdapat pada asas hukum pidana yang menyatakan bahwa tanggung jawab pidana itu tidak bisa dialihkan kepada orang lain. Lantas, bisakah orang tuanya dimintai tanggung jawab hukum secara perdata? Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Mengenal Ragam Hukuman Pidana untuk Anak30 Apr 2024Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak serta Pendekatan Restoratif dan Diversi31 Mar 2023Perbedaan ‘Sengaja’ dan ‘Tidak Sengaja’ dalam Hukum Pidana27 Mar 2023Anak Memprovokasi Tindak Pidana, Bisakah Dihukum?16 Mar 2023Mengenal Ragam Hukuman Pidana untuk Anak30 Apr 2024Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak serta Pendekatan Restoratif dan Diversi31 Mar 2023Perbedaan ‘Sengaja’ dan ‘Tidak Sengaja’ dalam Hukum Pidana27 Mar 2023Anak Memprovokasi Tindak Pidana, Bisakah Dihukum?16 Mar 2023Langkah Jika Jual Beli Tanah HGB yang Belum Balik Nama15 Mei 2024Dasar Hukum Poligami di Indonesia dan Prosedurnya1 Nov 2023Perhatikan Ini Sebelum Tanda Tangan Kontrak Kerja20 Mar 2023Langkah Jika Jual Beli Tanah HGB yang Belum Balik Nama15 Mei 2024Dasar Hukum Poligami di Indonesia dan Prosedurnya1 Nov 2023Perhatikan Ini Sebelum Tanda Tangan Kontrak Kerja20 Mar 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/bisakah-orang-tua-bertanggung-jawab-jika-anak-melakukan-tindak-pidana-lt522d2ab21bd71/
Bisakah Orang Tua Bertanggung Jawab Jika Anak Melakukan Tindak Pidana?
pages/150/page-2.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran kedua dari artikel dengan judul** **_Tanggung Jawab Orang Tua Jika Anak Melakukan Tindak Pidana_** **yang dibuat oleh** [**Tri Jata Ayu Pramesti, S.H.**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/penjawab/lt5165540a9b53c/mitra/lt4b457ff0c3e1b) **dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Jumat, 13 September 2013 kemudian dimutakhirkan pertama kali pada Minggu, 3 Januari 2016.** ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Mengenal Ragam Hukuman Pidana untuk Anak ](/klinik/a/hukuman-pidana-untuk-anak-lt4f768a60341d9/) ![Mengenal Ragam Hukuman Pidana untuk Anak](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt4f768a60341d9/thumbnail_lt56d40469703f6.jpg) 30 Apr 2024 [ #### Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak serta Pendekatan Restoratif dan Diversi ](/klinik/a/sistem-peradilan-pidana-anak-serta-pendekatan-restoratif-dan-diversi-lt4fe2cc383856d/) ![Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak serta Pendekatan Restoratif dan Diversi](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt4fe2cc383856d/thumbnail_lt56e162664c732.jpg) 31 Mar 2023 [ #### Perbedaan ‘Sengaja’ dan ‘Tidak Sengaja’ dalam Hukum Pidana ](/klinik/a/perbedaan-sengaja-dan-tidak-sengaja-dalam-hukum-pidana-lt5ee8aa6f2a1d3/) ![Perbedaan ‘Sengaja’ dan ‘Tidak Sengaja’ dalam Hukum Pidana](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt5ee8aa6f2a1d3/thumbnail_lt6421868964130.jpg) 27 Mar 2023 [ #### Anak Memprovokasi Tindak Pidana, Bisakah Dihukum? ](/klinik/a/anak-memprovokasi-tindak-pidana-lt6412dded64d98/) ![Anak Memprovokasi Tindak Pidana, Bisakah Dihukum?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt6412dded64d98/thumbnail_lt6412ead50fd67.jpg) 16 Mar 2023 [](#!) **Artikel ini dibuat berdasarkan KUHP lama dan** **UU 1/2023 tentang** **KUHP** **yang diundangkan pada tanggal 2 Januari 2023****.** Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Jika Anak Melakukan Tindak Pidana** Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Sebelum menjawab inti pertanyaan Anda, perlu kami sampaikan terlebih dahulu yang dimaksud dengan anak. Secara umum, anak adalah seseorang yang belum berusia 18 tahun, termasuk anak yang masih dalam kandungan.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Sementara dalam konteks anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum adalah anak yang telah berumur 12 tahun, tetapi belum berumur 18 tahun yang diduga melakukan tindak pidana.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Selanjutnya, anak yang mengendarai kendaraan bermotor hingga menyebabkan korban meninggal dunia dapat dikenai pidana berdasarkan **Pasal 310 ayat (4) [UU LLAJ](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4a604fcfd406d/undangundang-nomor-22-tahun-2009?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_22_2009)** bahwa setiap orang yang mengemudikan kendaraan bermotor yang karena kelalaiannya mengakibatkan kecelakaan lalu lintas yang mengakibatkan orang lain meninggal dunia, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 6 tahun dan/atau denda paling banyak Rp12 juta. Namun, ancaman pidana di atas berlaku bagi orang dewasa. Sedangkan ancaman pidana penjara bagi anak yang melakukan tindak pidana adalah **paling lama 1/2 dari maksimum ancaman pidana penjara bagi orang dewasa**.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Sementara, apabila anak yang melakukan tindak pidana berusia kurang dari 14 tahun hanya dapat dikenai tindakan[\[4\]](#_ftn4) sebagaimana diatur di dalam **Pasal 82 [UU SPPA](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5024cc61e623d/undang-undang-nomor-11-tahun-2012?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_11_2012)**. Selengkapnya mengenai sanksi pidana anak dapat Anda baca dalam artikel **[Mengenal Macam-macam Sanksi Pidana Anak](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/sanksi-pidana-anak-lt4f768a60341d9#_ftnref4?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=sanksi_pidana_anak).** Dengan demikian, anak yang mengemudikan kendaraan bermotor karena kelalaiannya hingga mengakibatkan orang lain meninggal dunia, dipidana dengan pidana penjara setengah dari ancaman pidana bagi orang dewasa yaitu 6 tahun, sehingga menjadi paling lama 3 tahun penjara atau jika berusia kurang dari 14 tahun maka akan dikenai tindakan. ### **Apakah Orang Tua Harus Bertanggung Jawab atas Kejahatan Anak-Anaknya?** Lalu, jika dilihat dari sisi orang tua, apakah orang tua bisa dipidana jika membiarkan anaknya mengemudi kendaraan bermotor? Dalam kacamata hukum pidana, terdapat asas pertanggungjawaban pidana yaitu _geen straf zonder schuld, actus non facit reum nisi mens sist rea_ yaitu tidak dipidana jika tidak ada kesalahan. Menurut **Moeljatno**, orang tidak mungkin dipertanggungjawabkan (dijatuhi pidana) kalau dia tidak melakukan perbuatan pidana.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) Sementara, menurut pendapat **Mudzakkir** sebagaimana dikutip dari artikel **[Pakar: Tanggung Jawab Pidana Tak Bisa Dilihkan](https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/pakar--tanggung-jawab-pidana-tak-bisa-dialihkan-lt522dd6efdb3fa?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=Tanggung_Jawab_Pidana_Tak_Bisa_Dialihkan)**, asas hukum pidana secara tegas mengatur bahwa tanggung jawab pidana itu tak bisa dialihkan kepada orang lain. Termasuk, jika pengalihan itu diberikan kepada keluarga si pelaku tindak pidana. Dalam ketentuan [**KUHP**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4c7b7fd88a8c3/nprt/38/wetboek-van-strafrecht-\(wvs\)-kitab-undang-undang-hukum-pidana-\(kuhp\)?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHP) lama yang masih berlaku pada saat artikel ini diterbitkan dan [**UU 1/2023**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b3943c53853/undang-undang-nomor-1-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_1_2023_KUHP_baru) yang mulai berlaku 3 tahun terhitung sejak tanggal diundangkan,[\[6\]](#_ftn6) yakni pada tahun 2026, ditegaskan bahwa seseorang yang dapat dipidana sebagai pelaku tindak pidana adalah: **Pasal 55 ayat (1)** **KUHP** **Pasal 20 UU 1/2023** 1\. mereka yang melakukan, yang menyuruh melakukan, dan yang turut serta melakukan perbuatan; 2\. mereka yang dengan memberi atau menjanjikan sesuatu, dengan menyalahgunakan kekuasaan atau martabat, dengan kekerasan, ancaman atau penyesatan, atau dengan memberi kesempatan, sarana atau keterangan, sengaja menganjurkan orang lain supaya melakukan perbuatan. a. melakukan sendiri tindak pidana; b. melakukan tindak pidana dengan perantaraan alat atau menyuruh orang lain yang tidak dapat dipertanggungjawabkan; c. turut serta melakukan tindak pidana; atau d. menggerakkan orang lain supaya melakukan tindak pidana dengan cara memberi atau menjanjikan sesuatu, menyalahgunakan kekuasaan atau martabat, melakukan kekerasan, menggunakan ancaman kekerasan, melakukan penyesatan, atau dengan memberi kesempatan, sarana, atau keterangan. Jadi, menjawab pertanyaan Anda, tindak pidana mengemudikan kendaraan bermotor yang karena kelalaiannya mengakibatkan kecelakaan lalu lintas hingga menyebabkan orang lain meninggal dunia yang dilakukan oleh anak tidak bisa dialihkan pertanggungjawaban pidananya kepada orang tua anak. Hal ini didasari asas pertanggungjawaban pidana dalam hukum pidana menurut ahli dan KUHP yang kami jelaskan tadi. **Tanggung Jawab Orang Tua Menurut Hukum P****erdata**  Perbuatan orang tua yang karena kelalaiannya membiarkan anaknya mengendarai kendaraan dan menyebabkan kecelakaan, memang tidak bisa dikenakan sanksi pidana. Meski demikian, secara perdata orang tua dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban membayar ganti rugi atas perbuatan anaknya. Hal ini diatur dalam **Pasal 1367** **[KUHPerdata](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17229/node/686?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHPerdata)**yang berbunyi: _Seseorang tidak hanya bertanggung jawab, atas kerugian yang disebabkan perbuatannya sendiri, melainkan juga atas kerugian yang disebabkan perbuatan-perbuatan orang-orang yang menjadi tanggungannya atau disebabkan barang-barang yang berada di bawah pengawasannya._ _Orangtua dan wali bertanggung jawab atas kerugian yang disebabkan oleh anak-anak yang belum dewasa__, yang tinggal pada mereka dan terhadap siapa mereka melakukan kekuasaan orangtua atau wali._ Maka berdasarkan ketentuan di atas, dalam konteks hukum perdata orang tua bisa bertanggung jawab atas kerugian yang disebabkan oleh anaknya. ### **Contoh Kasus** Sebagai contoh kasus dapat kita lihat dalam **[Putusan PN Bandung No. 423/Pdt/G/2011/PN. Bdg](https://putusan3.mahkamahagung.go.id/direktori/putusan/90692417bc12f58c5e9bc01e76c68716)****.** Tergugat merupakan ayah kandung dari anak yang menjadi pelaku penyebab kecelakaan lalu lintas yang mengakibatkan luka berat terhadap korban yang merupakan Penggugat di kasus ini (hal. 1). Sebelumnya, pengadilan telah menyatakan anak tergugat terbukti secara sah dan menyakinkan bersalah melakukan tindak pidana: “Karena kelalaiannya menyebabkan kecelakaan lalu lintas yang mengakibatkan orang lain luka berat” sebagaimana dimaksud Pasal 310 ayat (3) UU LLAJ dan dihukum pidana penjara selama 1 tahun (hal. 2). Akibat perbuatan yang dilakukan oleh anak kandung tergugat, penggugat mengajukan gugatan perbuatan melawan hukum dan meminta tergugat membayar sejumlah ganti rugi atas biaya pengobatan yang telah dikeluarkan oleh penggugat dan kerugian immateriil (hal. 3 – 8). Dengan mempertimbangkan Pasal 1367 KUH Perdata, hakim menyatakan bahwa tergugat dapat dibebani membayar kerugian yang diakibatkan perbuatan melawan hukum dari anaknya yang belum dewasa dan belum menikah tersebut (hal. 31). Akhirnya, hakim menghukum tergugat sebagai orang tua dari anak yang menjadi penyebab kecelakaan lalu lintas itu untuk mengganti kerugian materil sebesar Rp82,7 juta (hal. 33). Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17229/node/686?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHPerdata) Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4c7b7fd88a8c3/nprt/38/wetboek-van-strafrecht-\(wvs\)-kitab-undang-undang-hukum-pidana-\(kuhp\)?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHP) Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17453/undangundang-nomor-23-tahun-2002?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_23_2002) Undang-Undang Nomor 35 tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt548fdfd3a87d2/undang-undang-nomor-35-tahun-2014/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_35_2014) Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5746a3e8d6d80/nprt/lt51f1152a8fbb3/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-1-tahun-2016?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_1_2016) Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2016 tentang Penetapan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak Menjadi Undang-Undang [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt584786efd1075?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_17_2016) Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2009 tentang Lalu Lintas dan Angkutan Jalan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4a604fcfd406d/undangundang-nomor-22-tahun-2009?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_22_2009) Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5024cc61e623d/undang-undang-nomor-11-tahun-2012?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_11_2012) Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022) Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023 tentang Penetapan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja Menjadi Undang-Undang [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6427eaaee8a1f/undang-undang-nomor-6-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_6_2023) Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b3943c53853/undang-undang-nomor-1-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_1_2023_KUHP_baru) PUTUSAN ------- [Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Bandung Nomor 423/Pdt/G/2011/PN. Bdg](https://putusan3.mahkamahagung.go.id/direktori/putusan/90692417bc12f58c5e9bc01e76c68716). REFERENSI --------- Moeljatno. _Asas-Asas Hukum Pidana._ Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2009. [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Pasal 1 angka 1 [Undang-Undang Nomor 35 tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt548fdfd3a87d2/undang-undang-nomor-35-tahun-2014/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_35_2014) (“UU 35/2014”) [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal 1 angka 3 [Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5024cc61e623d/undang-undang-nomor-11-tahun-2012?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_11_2012) (“UU SPPA”) [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 81 ayat (2) UU SPPA  [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 69 ayat (2) UU SPPA [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Moeljatno, _Asas-Asas Hukum Pidana,_ Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2009, hal.165 dan 167 [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Pasal 624 [Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b3943c53853/undang-undang-nomor-1-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_1_2023_KUHP_baru) Tags ---- [anak](/tag/anak) [kuhp](/tag/kuhp) [perdata](/tag/perdata) [pidana](/tag/pidana) [uu lalu lintas dan angkutan jalan](/tag/uu-lalu-lintas-dan-angkutan-jalan) [uu perlindungan anak](/tag/uu-perlindungan-anak)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.KLINIK TERKAITPrinsip Fiduciary Duty Direksi dan Dewan Komisaris 08 Mar 2023Voluntary Petition: Kewenangan Direksi Ajukan Permohonan Pailit PT25 Jan 2023Gugatan Derivatif Terhadap Direksi dan Komisaris PT30 Nov 2022Haruskah Perubahan Susunan Direksi dan Komisaris Mengubah Anggaran Dasar?31 Okt 2022 Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul Konsekuensi Hukum Jika Komisaris Ikut Campur Pengurusan PT yang dibuat oleh Ilman Hadi, S.H. dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Jumat, 22 Februari 2013.Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas  Tugas KomisarisSebelum menjawab poin pertanyaan Anda, perlu diperjelas mengenai organ perseroan yang terdiri atas 3 organ yaitu Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham (“RUPS”), direksi, dan dewan komisaris yang masing-masing memiliki kewenangan dan tanggung jawab, antara lain:RUPS adalah organ perseroan yang mempunyai kewenangan yang tidak diberikan kepada direksi atau dewan komisaris dalam batas yang ditentukan dalam UU PT dan/atau anggaran dasar.[1]Direksi adalah organ perseroan yang berwenang dan bertanggung jawab penuh atas pengurusan perseroan untuk kepentingan perseroan, sesuai dengan maksud dan tujuan perseroan, serta mewakili perseroan, baik di dalam maupun di luar pengadilan sesuai ketentuan anggaran dasar.[2]Komisaris adalah organ perseroan yang bertugas melakukan pengawasan secara umum dan/atau khusus sesuai dengan anggaran dasar, dan memberikan nasihat kepada direksi.[3]Menyambung pertanyaan Anda terkait wewenang komisaris, tugas dan/atau fungsi dewan komisaris adalah melakukan pengawasan atas kebijakan pengurusan, jalannya pengurusan pada umumnya, baik mengenai perseroan maupun usaha perseroan, dan memberi nasihat kepada direksi.[4]Dari ketentuan itu, fungsi utama dewan komisaris adalah melakukan pengawasan terhadap pengurusan perseroan dan pemberian nasihat kepada direksi, sehingga artinya dewan komisaris memiliki fungsi pasif dalam pengurusan perseroan. Hal ini berbeda dengan fungsi direksi dalam Pasal 92 UU PT yang memiliki fungsi aktif dalam pengurusan perseroan.Dewan komisaris diwajibkan untuk menjalankan tugas dan fungsinya dengan hati-hati, iktikad baik (good faith), dan bertanggung jawab sebagaimana ditentukan Pasal 114 ayat (2) UU PT.Adapun secara faktual tugas dan kewajiban dewan komisaris ditentukan dalam anggaran dasar yang tertuang dalam akta pendirian. Secara umum, tugas dan kewenangan dewan komisaris adalah meliputi berikut ini:Kewenangan untuk melakukan audit terhadap keuangan perseroan;Kewenangan untuk melakukan pengawasan atas struktur organisasi perseroan;Kewenangan untuk melakukan pengawasan terhadap personalia perseroan;Kewenangan untuk memberikan petunjuk, peringatan atau teguran kepada jajaran direksi terkait pelaksanaan perseroan.Baca juga: Perihal Tanggung Jawab Komisaris dan Tindakan Ultra Vires Perseroan Jika Komisaris Ikut Campur Melakukan Pengurusan PTMenjawab pertanyaan pertama Anda, dalam kondisi tertentu dewan komisaris dimungkinkan untuk dapat terlibat dan/atau melakukan tindakan pengurusan perseroan sepanjang diatur atau ditentukan secara eksplisit dalam suatu keputusan RUPS atau anggaran dasar. Namun demikian, dewan komisaris hanya dapat terlibat dan/atau mengambil tindakan pengurusan perseroan dalam kondisi dan jangka waktu yang terbatas sebagaimana ditentukan dalam Pasal 118 UU PT.Berdasarkan anggaran dasar atau keputusan RUPS, dewan komisaris dapat melakukan tindakan pengurusan perseroan dalam keadaan tertentu untuk jangka waktu tertentu.Dewan komisaris yang dalam keadaan tertentu untuk jangka waktu tertentu melakukan tindakan pengurusan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) berlaku semua ketentuan mengenai hak, wewenang, dan kewajiban direksi terhadap perseroan dan pihak ketiga.Adapun kondisi tertentu yang dimaksud dalam Pasal 118 ayat (1) UU PT tersebut adalah antara lain karena direksi mempunyai benturan kepentingan dengan perseroan (conflict of interest), direksi berhalangan atau diberhentikan untuk sementara, dan kondisi-kondisi lain yang ditentukan dalam anggaran dasar perusahaan.[5]Namun demikian, apabila komisaris melakukan tindakan pengurusan di luar dari kondisi yang ditentukan di atas, tindakan tersebut dapat dikategorikan sebagai perbuatan di luar wewenang (ultra vires) dan apabila timbul kerugian maka komisaris wajib bertanggung jawab secara pribadi atas perbuatan itu.[6]Menjawab pertanyaan kedua Anda, menurut hemat kami, komisaris yang memerintahkan karyawan untuk melakukan suatu pekerjaan misalnya melakukan audit keuangan atau membentuk tim audit internal, ini masih sesuai tugas dan kewenangan komisaris sepanjang sesuai Pasal 118 UU PT atau anggaran dasar. Jika tidak, tindakan komisaris telah bertentangan dengan ketentuan perundang-undangan yang berlaku dan karyawan yang bersangkutan dapat menolak melaksanakan perintah tersebut.Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUMUndang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan TerbatasPeraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta KerjaUndang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023[1] Pasal 1 angka 4 Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas (“UU PT”)[2] Pasal 1 angka 5 UU PT[3] Pasal 1 angka 6 UU PT[4] Pasal 108 ayat (1) UU PT[5] Penjelasan Pasal 118 ayat (1), Pasal 99 ayat (2) huruf b, dan Pasal 107 huruf c UU PT[6] Pasal 114 ayat (3) UU PTTagscipta kerjadireksikomisarisperseroan terbatasuu pt
Bagaimana bila seorang komisaris utama PT melampaui wewenangnya yang ada dalam akta pendirian, yaitu ikut campur dalam operasional sehari-hari perusahaan? Bolehkah seorang komisaris utama melakukan perintah kepada karyawan untuk melakukan suatu pekerjaan?
Organ perseroan yang terdiri dari Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham (RUPS), direksi, dan komisaris masing-masing memiliki tugas dan wewenangnya. Fungsi utama komisaris adalah melakukan pengawasan terhadap pengurusan perseroan dan pemberian nasihat kepada direksi, sehingga artinya memiliki fungsi pasif dalam pengurusan perseroan. Lalu, bagaimana jika komisaris bertindak melampaui wewenangnya?   Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Prinsip Fiduciary Duty Direksi dan Dewan Komisaris 08 Mar 2023Voluntary Petition: Kewenangan Direksi Ajukan Permohonan Pailit PT25 Jan 2023Gugatan Derivatif Terhadap Direksi dan Komisaris PT30 Nov 2022Haruskah Perubahan Susunan Direksi dan Komisaris Mengubah Anggaran Dasar?31 Okt 2022Prinsip Fiduciary Duty Direksi dan Dewan Komisaris 08 Mar 2023Voluntary Petition: Kewenangan Direksi Ajukan Permohonan Pailit PT25 Jan 2023Gugatan Derivatif Terhadap Direksi dan Komisaris PT30 Nov 2022Haruskah Perubahan Susunan Direksi dan Komisaris Mengubah Anggaran Dasar?31 Okt 2022Syarat dan Biaya Balik Nama Sertifikat Tanah karena Jual Beli25 Jun 2024Cara Mengurus Surat Cerai dan Langkah Mengajukan Gugatannya22 Jun 2023Baca Tips Ini Sebelum Menggunakan Karya Cipta Milik Umum28 Feb 2023Syarat dan Biaya Balik Nama Sertifikat Tanah karena Jual Beli25 Jun 2024Cara Mengurus Surat Cerai dan Langkah Mengajukan Gugatannya22 Jun 2023Baca Tips Ini Sebelum Menggunakan Karya Cipta Milik Umum28 Feb 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/hukumnya-jika-komisaris-ikut-campur-pengurusan-pt-lt511c42f2e6193/
Hukumnya Jika Komisaris Ikut Campur Pengurusan PT
pages/150/page-3.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Prinsip _Fiduciary Duty_ Direksi dan Dewan Komisaris ](/klinik/a/fiduciary-duty-cl4058/) ![Prinsip <i>Fiduciary Duty</i> Direksi dan Dewan Komisaris ](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/cl4058/thumbnail_lt640916faae2ac.jpg) 08 Mar 2023 [ #### _Voluntary Petition_: Kewenangan Direksi Ajukan Permohonan Pailit PT ](/klinik/a/voluntary-petition-kewenangan-direksi-ajukan-permohonan-pailit-pt-lt5a61560b51b3c/) ![<i>Voluntary Petition</i>: Kewenangan Direksi Ajukan Permohonan Pailit PT](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt5a61560b51b3c/thumbnail_lt63d0e51799c76.jpg) 25 Jan 2023 [ #### Gugatan Derivatif Terhadap Direksi dan Komisaris PT ](/klinik/a/gugatan-derivatif-terhadap-direksi-dan-komisaris-pt-cl1201/) ![Gugatan Derivatif Terhadap Direksi dan Komisaris PT](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/cl1201/thumbnail_lt6387390abf7c9.jpg) 30 Nov 2022 [ #### Haruskah Perubahan Susunan Direksi dan Komisaris Mengubah Anggaran Dasar? ](/klinik/a/haruskah-perubahan-susunan-direksi-dan-komisaris-mengubah-anggaran-dasar-lt5090084b55980/) ![Haruskah Perubahan Susunan Direksi dan Komisaris Mengubah Anggaran Dasar?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt5090084b55980/thumbnail_lt635fae58e1049.jpg) 31 Okt 2022 [](#!) **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul _Konsekuensi Hukum Jika Komisaris Ikut Campur Pengurusan PT_ yang dibuat oleh** [**Ilman Hadi, S.H.**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/ilman-hadi--sh-lt4fbded50bf741) **dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Jumat, 22 Februari 2013.** Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) ### **Tugas Komisaris** Sebelum menjawab poin pertanyaan Anda, perlu diperjelas mengenai organ perseroan yang terdiri atas 3 organ yaitu [Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham](https://www.hukumonline.com/kamus/r/rups) (“RUPS”), [direksi](https://www.hukumonline.com/kamus/d/direksi), dan [dewan komisaris](https://www.hukumonline.com/kamus/d/dewan-komisaris) yang masing-masing memiliki kewenangan dan tanggung jawab, antara lain: 1. RUPS adalah organ perseroan yang mempunyai kewenangan yang tidak diberikan kepada direksi atau dewan komisaris dalam batas yang ditentukan dalam **[UU PT](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26940/undangundang-nomor-40-tahun-2007?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_40_2007)** dan/atau anggaran dasar.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) 2. Direksi adalah organ perseroan yang berwenang dan bertanggung jawab penuh atas pengurusan perseroan untuk kepentingan perseroan, sesuai dengan maksud dan tujuan perseroan, serta mewakili perseroan, baik di dalam maupun di luar pengadilan sesuai ketentuan anggaran dasar.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) 3. Komisaris adalah organ perseroan yang bertugas melakukan pengawasan secara umum dan/atau khusus sesuai dengan anggaran dasar, dan memberikan nasihat kepada direksi.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Menyambung pertanyaan Anda terkait wewenang komisaris, tugas dan/atau fungsi dewan komisaris adalah melakukan pengawasan atas kebijakan pengurusan, jalannya pengurusan pada umumnya, baik mengenai perseroan maupun usaha perseroan, dan memberi nasihat kepada direksi.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) Dari ketentuan itu, fungsi utama dewan komisaris adalah melakukan pengawasan terhadap pengurusan perseroan dan pemberian nasihat kepada direksi, sehingga artinya dewan komisaris memiliki fungsi pasif dalam pengurusan perseroan. Hal ini berbeda dengan fungsi direksi dalam **Pasal 92** **UU PT** yang memiliki fungsi aktif dalam pengurusan perseroan. Dewan komisaris diwajibkan untuk menjalankan tugas dan fungsinya dengan hati-hati, iktikad baik (_good faith_), dan bertanggung jawab sebagaimana ditentukan **Pasal 114** **ayat (2)** **UU PT**. Adapun secara faktual tugas dan kewajiban dewan komisaris ditentukan dalam anggaran dasar yang tertuang dalam akta pendirian. Secara umum, tugas dan kewenangan dewan komisaris adalah meliputi berikut ini: 1. Kewenangan untuk melakukan audit terhadap keuangan perseroan; 2. Kewenangan untuk melakukan pengawasan atas struktur organisasi perseroan; 3. Kewenangan untuk melakukan pengawasan terhadap personalia perseroan; 4. Kewenangan untuk memberikan petunjuk, peringatan atau teguran kepada jajaran direksi terkait pelaksanaan perseroan. Baca juga: **[Perihal Tanggung Jawab Komisaris dan Tindakan _Ultra Vires_ Perseroan](https://www.hukumonline.com/stories/article/lt5fcc6885d7f1c/perihal-tanggung-jawab-komisaris-dan-tindakan-ultra-vires-perseroan?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=komisaris_ultra_vires)** ### **Jika Komisaris Ikut Campur Melakukan Pengurusan PT** Menjawab pertanyaan pertama Anda, dalam kondisi tertentu dewan komisaris dimungkinkan untuk dapat terlibat dan/atau melakukan tindakan pengurusan perseroan sepanjang diatur atau ditentukan secara eksplisit dalam suatu keputusan RUPS atau anggaran dasar. Namun demikian, dewan komisaris hanya dapat terlibat dan/atau mengambil tindakan pengurusan perseroan dalam kondisi dan jangka waktu yang terbatas sebagaimana ditentukan dalam **Pasal 118 UU PT**. 1. Berdasarkan anggaran dasar atau keputusan RUPS, dewan komisaris dapat melakukan tindakan pengurusan perseroan dalam keadaan tertentu untuk jangka waktu tertentu. 2. Dewan komisaris yang dalam keadaan tertentu untuk jangka waktu tertentu melakukan tindakan pengurusan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) berlaku semua ketentuan mengenai hak, wewenang, dan kewajiban direksi terhadap perseroan dan pihak ketiga. Adapun kondisi tertentu yang dimaksud dalam Pasal 118 ayat (1) UU PT tersebut adalah antara lain karena direksi mempunyai benturan kepentingan dengan perseroan (_conflict of interest_), direksi berhalangan atau diberhentikan untuk sementara, dan kondisi-kondisi lain yang ditentukan dalam anggaran dasar perusahaan.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) Namun demikian, apabila komisaris melakukan tindakan pengurusan di luar dari kondisi yang ditentukan di atas, tindakan tersebut dapat dikategorikan sebagai perbuatan di luar wewenang (_ultra vires_) dan apabila timbul kerugian maka komisaris wajib bertanggung jawab secara pribadi atas perbuatan itu.[\[6\]](#_ftn6) Menjawab pertanyaan kedua Anda, menurut hemat kami, komisaris yang memerintahkan karyawan untuk melakukan suatu pekerjaan misalnya melakukan audit keuangan atau membentuk tim audit internal, ini masih sesuai tugas dan kewenangan komisaris sepanjang sesuai Pasal 118 UU PT atau anggaran dasar. Jika tidak, tindakan komisaris telah bertentangan dengan ketentuan perundang-undangan yang berlaku dan karyawan yang bersangkutan dapat menolak melaksanakan perintah tersebut. Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26940/undangundang-nomor-40-tahun-2007?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_40_2007) Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022) Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023 [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6427eaaee8a1f/undang-undang-nomor-6-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_6_2023) * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Pasal 1 angka 4 [Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26940/undangundang-nomor-40-tahun-2007?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_40_2007) (“UU PT”) [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal 1 angka 5 UU PT [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 1 angka 6 UU PT [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 108 ayat (1) UU PT [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Penjelasan Pasal 118 ayat (1), Pasal 99 ayat (2) huruf b, dan Pasal 107 huruf c UU PT [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Pasal 114 ayat (3) UU PT Tags ---- [cipta kerja](/tag/cipta-kerja) [direksi](/tag/direksi) [komisaris](/tag/komisaris) [perseroan terbatas](/tag/perseroan-terbatas) [uu pt](/tag/uu-pt)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. KLINIK TERKAITUtang Sewa Rumah oleh PT, Siapa yang Tanggung Jawab?02 Feb 2023Gugatan Derivatif Terhadap Direksi dan Komisaris PT30 Nov 2022Pinjaman Melebihi Modal Dasar PT, Perlukah Persetujuan RUPS?08 Sep 2022Bingung Cari Nama PT yang Bagus? Simak Aturannya 20 Jul 2022Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul Prosedur Memasukkan Aset Pribadi sebagai Aset PT yang dibuat oleh  Irma Devita Purnamasari, S.H., M.Kn.  dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Senin, 16 Desember 2013. Yang Dilakukan Jika Menambah Modal Dasar PTBelajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Merujuk pada Pasal 34 ayat (1) UU PT, penyetoran modal saham dapat dilakukan dalam bentuk uang dan/atau dalam bentuk lainnya. Adapun penyetoran modal saham yang dilakukan dalam bentuk lainnya disebut dengan inbreng.Pada umumnya penyetoran saham adalah dalam bentuk uang. Namun, tidak menutup kemungkinan penyetoran saham dalam bentuk lain, baik berupa benda berwujud maupun benda tidak berwujud, yang dapat dinilai dengan uang dan yang secara nyata telah diterima oleh perseroan.[1]Penyetoran saham dalam bentuk lain selain uang harus disertai rincian yang menerangkan nilai atau harga, jenis atau macam, status, tempat kedudukan, dan lain-lain yang dianggap perlu demi kejelasan mengenai penyetoran tersebut.[2]Menyambung pertanyaan Anda yang hendak memasukkan mobil pribadi sebagai aset perusahaan, maka kepemilikan mobil yang semula milik Anda akan sepenuhnya menjadi harta kekayaan PT. Dengan demikian, terhadap penambahan modal perseroan harus dilakukan berdasarkan persetujuan Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham (“RUPS”) sesuai dengan ketentuan Pasal 41 ayat (1) UU PT.Keputusan RUPS untuk penambahan modal dasar adalah sah apabila dilakukan dengan memperhatikan persyaratan kuorum dan jumlah suara setuju untuk perubahan anggaran dasar dan wajib diberitahukan kepada Kementerian Hukum dan HAM untuk dicatat dalam daftar perseroan.[3]Dengan demikian, notaris tidak diharuskan membuat surat keterangan aset perusahaan, melainkan notaris berwenang untuk membuat akta perubahan anggaran dasar yang dibuat dalam akta berbahasa Indonesia.[4] Terkait perubahan anggaran dasar perseroan yang mencakup perubahan besarnya modal dasar harus mendapat persetujuan Kementerian Hukum dan HAM sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 21 ayat (1) UU PT. Pendaftaran Perubahan Anggaran DasarDalam hal Anda ingin menjadikan mobil pribadi Anda sebagai aset perusahaan alias melakukan penambahan modal perseroan, perusahaan tersebut harus mendaftarkan kepada Menteri Hukum dan Asasi Manusia sebagaimana yang diatur dalam Pasal 8 ayat (1) Permenkumham 21/2021.Adapun ketentuan perubahan anggaran dasar yang harus dinyatakan dalam akta notaris juga tercantum dalam Pasal 9 ayat (2) dan (3) Permenkumham 21 / 2021 bahwa perubahan anggaran dasar dan/atau data perseroan dimuat atau dinyatakan dalam akta notaris dalam bahasa Indonesia. Perubahan anggaran dasar yang tidak dimuat dalam akta berita acara rapat yang dibuat notaris harus dinyatakan dalam akta notaris dalam jangka waktu paling lama 30 hari terhitung sejak tanggal keputusan RUPS.Selanjutnya, permohonan perubahan anggaran dasar diajukan secara elektronik melalui Sistem Administrasi Badan Hukum (SABH) dengan melampirkan dokumen antara lain sebagai berikut.[5]  Pernyataan elektronik dari pemohon mengenai dokumen perubahan anggaran dasar yang telah lengkap.Akta tentang perubahan anggaran dasar yang dibuat notaris;Notula RUPS perubahan anggaran dasar atau keputusan pemegang saham di luar RUPS;salinan Nomor Pokok Wajib Pajak (NPWP);bukti pembayaran untuk:biaya perubahan anggaran dasar; danbiaya pengumuman dalam Tambahan Berita Negara Republik Indonesia;bukti setor modal perseroan dari bank atas nama perseroan, neraca perseroan tahun buku berjalan, atau bukti setor dalam bentuk lain, jika perubahan anggaran dasar mengenai peningkatan modal ditempatkan dan disetor perseroan;salinan surat keterangan mengenai alamat lengkap perseroan dari pengelola gedung atau instansi yang berwenang atau asli surat pernyataan mengenai alamat lengkap perseroan yang ditandatangani oleh direksi; dansalinan dokumen pendukung dari instansi terkait sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan.Sebagai informasi tambahan, setelah Anda memasukkan mobil pribadi menjadi aset perseroan, dengan demikian Anda telah melepaskan kepemilikan mobil milik Anda tersebut untuk sepenuhnya menjadi harta kekayaan PT. Demikian penjelasan dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUMUndang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan TerbatasPeraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja yang telah ditetapkan sebagai undang-undang melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023;Peraturan Menteri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Nomor 21 Tahun 2021 tentang Syarat dan Tata Cara Pendaftaran Pendirian, Perubahan, dan Pembubaran Badan Hukum Perseroan Terbatas.[1] Penjelasan Pasal 34 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas (“UU PT”)[2] Penjelasan Pasal 34 ayat (1) UU PT[3] Pasal 42 ayat (1) dan (3) UU PT[4] Pasal 21 ayat (4) UU PT[5] Pasal 10 dan 11 Peraturan Menteri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Nomor 21 Tahun 2021 tentang Syarat dan Tata Cara Pendaftaran Pendirian, Perubahan, dan Pembubaran Badan Hukum Perseroan TerbatasTagsmodalmodal dasarperseroan terbatasuu perseroan terbatas
Perusahaan rekanan meminta agar mobil saya dimasukkan dalam aset perusahaan yang saya dirikan dengan membuat surat keterangan aset perusahaan di notaris. Yang ingin saya tanyakan: Apakah notaris berwenang membuat surat tersebut tanpa melakukan perubahan akta dalam hal inbreng (pemasukan barang sebagai modal perusahaan)? Apakah aset mobil saya dapat dimasukkan sebagai aset perusahaan di luar modal yang tertera dalam akta pendirian PT?
Jika Anda hendak memasukkan mobil pribadi menjadi aset perseroan berarti Anda akan menambah modal dasar PT sehingga perlu dilakukan melalui perubahan anggaran dasar berdasarkan persetujuan Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham (RUPS). Selanjutnya, perubahan anggaran dasar perseroan yang mencakup perubahan besarnya modal dasar harus mendapat persetujuan Kementerian Hukum dan HAM dengan melampirkan sejumlah dokumen. Apa saja?   Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Utang Sewa Rumah oleh PT, Siapa yang Tanggung Jawab?02 Feb 2023Gugatan Derivatif Terhadap Direksi dan Komisaris PT30 Nov 2022Pinjaman Melebihi Modal Dasar PT, Perlukah Persetujuan RUPS?08 Sep 2022Bingung Cari Nama PT yang Bagus? Simak Aturannya 20 Jul 2022Utang Sewa Rumah oleh PT, Siapa yang Tanggung Jawab?02 Feb 2023Gugatan Derivatif Terhadap Direksi dan Komisaris PT30 Nov 2022Pinjaman Melebihi Modal Dasar PT, Perlukah Persetujuan RUPS?08 Sep 2022Bingung Cari Nama PT yang Bagus? Simak Aturannya 20 Jul 2022Jika Polisi Menolak Laporan Masyarakat, Lakukan Ini15 Jan 2024Cara Hitung Pesangon Berdasarkan UU Cipta Kerja18 Agu 2023Ini Cara Mengurus Akta Nikah yang Terlambat 30 Sep 2022Jika Polisi Menolak Laporan Masyarakat, Lakukan Ini15 Jan 2024Cara Hitung Pesangon Berdasarkan UU Cipta Kerja18 Agu 2023Ini Cara Mengurus Akta Nikah yang Terlambat 30 Sep 2022
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/bisakah-memasukkan-mobil-pribadi-jadi-aset-pt-lt527cf41ce63c6/
Bisakah Memasukkan Mobil Pribadi Jadi Aset PT?
pages/150/page-4.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Utang Sewa Rumah oleh PT, Siapa yang Tanggung Jawab? ](/klinik/a/utang-sewa-rumah-oleh-pt-siapa-yang-tanggung-jawab-cl186/) ![Utang Sewa Rumah oleh PT, Siapa yang Tanggung Jawab?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/cl186/thumbnail_lt63db90248a103.jpg) 02 Feb 2023 [ #### Gugatan Derivatif Terhadap Direksi dan Komisaris PT ](/klinik/a/gugatan-derivatif-terhadap-direksi-dan-komisaris-pt-cl1201/) ![Gugatan Derivatif Terhadap Direksi dan Komisaris PT](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/cl1201/thumbnail_lt6387390abf7c9.jpg) 30 Nov 2022 [ #### Pinjaman Melebihi Modal Dasar PT, Perlukah Persetujuan RUPS? ](/klinik/a/pinjaman-melebihi-modal-dasar-pt-perlukah-persetujuan-rups-lt62bd2c2183c21/) ![Pinjaman Melebihi Modal Dasar PT, Perlukah Persetujuan RUPS?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt62bd2c2183c21/thumbnail_lt6319c79fa56d7.jpg) 08 Sep 2022 [ #### Bingung Cari Nama PT yang Bagus? Simak Aturannya ](/klinik/a/nama-pt-yang-bagus-lt4f97713a68a9e/) ![Bingung Cari Nama PT yang Bagus? Simak Aturannya ](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt4f97713a68a9e/thumbnail_lt62d7cf62495e6.jpg) 20 Jul 2022 [](#!) **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul _Prosedur Memasukkan Aset Pribadi sebagai Aset PT_ yang dibuat oleh**  [**Irma Devita Purnamasari, S.H., M.Kn.**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/sovia-hasanah--sh-lt57d2913a130b4)  **dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Senin, 16 Desember 2013.** ### **Yang Dilakukan Jika Menambah Modal Dasar PT** Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Merujuk pada **Pasal 34 ayat (1) [UU PT](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26940/undangundang-nomor-40-tahun-2007?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_40_2007)**, penyetoran modal saham dapat dilakukan dalam bentuk uang dan/atau dalam bentuk lainnya. Adapun penyetoran modal saham yang dilakukan dalam bentuk lainnya disebut dengan inbreng. Pada umumnya penyetoran saham adalah dalam bentuk uang. Namun, tidak menutup kemungkinan penyetoran saham dalam bentuk lain, baik berupa benda berwujud maupun benda tidak berwujud, yang dapat dinilai dengan uang dan yang secara nyata telah diterima oleh perseroan.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Penyetoran saham dalam bentuk lain selain uang harus disertai rincian yang menerangkan nilai atau harga, jenis atau macam, status, tempat kedudukan, dan lain-lain yang dianggap perlu demi kejelasan mengenai penyetoran tersebut.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Menyambung pertanyaan Anda yang hendak memasukkan mobil pribadi sebagai aset perusahaan, maka kepemilikan mobil yang semula milik Anda akan sepenuhnya menjadi harta kekayaan PT. Dengan demikian, terhadap penambahan modal perseroan harus dilakukan berdasarkan persetujuan Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham (“RUPS”) sesuai dengan ketentuan **Pasal 41 ayat (1) UU PT**. Keputusan RUPS untuk penambahan modal dasar adalah sah apabila dilakukan dengan memperhatikan persyaratan kuorum dan jumlah suara setuju untuk perubahan anggaran dasar dan wajib diberitahukan kepada Kementerian Hukum dan HAM untuk dicatat dalam daftar perseroan.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Dengan demikian, notaris tidak diharuskan membuat surat keterangan aset perusahaan, melainkan notaris berwenang untuk membuat akta perubahan anggaran dasar yang dibuat dalam akta berbahasa Indonesia.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) Terkait perubahan anggaran dasar perseroan yang mencakup perubahan besarnya modal dasar harus mendapat persetujuan Kementerian Hukum dan HAM sebagaimana diatur dalam **Pasal 21 ayat (1) UU PT**. ### **Pendaftaran Perubahan Anggaran Dasar** Dalam hal Anda ingin menjadikan mobil pribadi Anda sebagai aset perusahaan alias melakukan penambahan modal perseroan, perusahaan tersebut harus mendaftarkan kepada Menteri Hukum dan Asasi Manusia sebagaimana yang diatur dalam **Pasal 8 ayat (1) [Permenkumham 21/2021](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt60a60d9e60b72/peraturan-menteri-hukum-dan-hak-asasi-manusia-nomor-21-tahun-2021/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=permenkumham_21_2021)**. Adapun ketentuan perubahan anggaran dasar yang harus dinyatakan dalam akta notaris juga tercantum dalam **Pasal 9 ayat (2) dan (3) Permenkumham 21 / 2021** bahwa perubahan anggaran dasar dan/atau data perseroan dimuat atau dinyatakan dalam akta notaris dalam bahasa Indonesia. Perubahan anggaran dasar yang tidak dimuat dalam akta berita acara rapat yang dibuat notaris harus dinyatakan dalam akta notaris dalam jangka waktu paling lama 30 hari terhitung sejak tanggal keputusan RUPS. Selanjutnya, permohonan perubahan anggaran dasar diajukan secara elektronik melalui Sistem Administrasi Badan Hukum (SABH) dengan melampirkan dokumen antara lain sebagai berikut.[\[5\]](#_ftn5)   1. Pernyataan elektronik dari pemohon mengenai dokumen perubahan anggaran dasar yang telah lengkap. 2. Akta tentang perubahan anggaran dasar yang dibuat notaris; 3. Notula RUPS perubahan anggaran dasar atau keputusan pemegang saham di luar RUPS; 4. salinan Nomor Pokok Wajib Pajak (NPWP); 5. bukti pembayaran untuk: 1. biaya perubahan anggaran dasar; dan 2. biaya pengumuman dalam Tambahan Berita Negara Republik Indonesia; 6. bukti setor modal perseroan dari bank atas nama perseroan, neraca perseroan tahun buku berjalan, atau bukti setor dalam bentuk lain, jika perubahan anggaran dasar mengenai peningkatan modal ditempatkan dan disetor perseroan; 7. salinan surat keterangan mengenai alamat lengkap perseroan dari pengelola gedung atau instansi yang berwenang atau asli surat pernyataan mengenai alamat lengkap perseroan yang ditandatangani oleh direksi; dan 8. salinan dokumen pendukung dari instansi terkait sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan. Sebagai informasi tambahan, setelah Anda memasukkan mobil pribadi menjadi aset perseroan, dengan demikian Anda telah melepaskan kepemilikan mobil milik Anda tersebut untuk sepenuhnya menjadi harta kekayaan PT. Demikian penjelasan dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26940/undangundang-nomor-40-tahun-2007?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_40_2007) 1. [Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022) yang telah ditetapkan sebagai undang-undang melalui [Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6427eaaee8a1f/undang-undang-nomor-6-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_6_2023); 2. [Peraturan Menteri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Nomor 21 Tahun 2021 tentang Syarat dan Tata Cara Pendaftaran Pendirian, Perubahan, dan Pembubaran Badan Hukum Perseroan Terbatas](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt60a60d9e60b72/peraturan-menteri-hukum-dan-hak-asasi-manusia-nomor-21-tahun-2021/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=permenkumham_21_2021). * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Penjelasan Pasal 34 ayat (1) [Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26940/undangundang-nomor-40-tahun-2007?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_40_2007) (“UU PT”) [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Penjelasan Pasal 34 ayat (1) UU PT [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 42 ayat (1) dan (3) UU PT [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 21 ayat (4) UU PT [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Pasal 10 dan 11 [Peraturan Menteri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Nomor 21 Tahun 2021 tentang Syarat dan Tata Cara Pendaftaran Pendirian, Perubahan, dan Pembubaran Badan Hukum Perseroan Terbatas](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt60a60d9e60b72/peraturan-menteri-hukum-dan-hak-asasi-manusia-nomor-21-tahun-2021/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=permenkumham_21_2021) Tags ---- [modal](/tag/modal) [modal dasar](/tag/modal-dasar) [perseroan terbatas](/tag/perseroan-terbatas) [uu perseroan terbatas](/tag/uu-perseroan-terbatas)
ULASAN LENGKAPThis article is an English translation of Izin Usaha untuk Kafe which was written by Dian Dwi Jayanti, S.H. and was published on Monday, 3 April 2023.This article below is an update of the article entitled Business License for Cafe (Izin Usaha untuk Kafe) which was first written by Easybiz and was first published on Wednesday, 10 November 2021. All legal information available on Klinik hukumonline.com has been prepared for educational purposes only and is general in nature (read the complete Disclaimer). In order to obtain legal advice specific to your case, please consult with Justika Partner Consultant.Business Licensing SystemsIt is important to note that prior to opening cafes in Indonesia, the government has now implemented risk-based business licensing in order to support the improvement of the investment climate and business activities.Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas According to Article 7 section (1) Perppu 2/2022 which has been passed into law on 21 March 2023, risk-based business licensing is carried out based on the determination of risk level and business scale rating of business activities. Determination of risk level and business scale rating is obtained based on hazard level and hazard potential assessments (or: assessments of hazard level and hazard potential).[1]Based on the level assessment as well as the assessment of the potential for hazards, the business activities' risks and scale ratings are set to be low-risk, medium-risk, or high-risk,[2] with the provisions of business licensing as follows:Low-risk business activitiesBusiness licensing for low-risk business activities is in the form of the granting of a Business Identification Number which constitutes the legality of the implementation of business activities.[3] A Business Identification Numbers is proof of registration of business actors to conduct business activities and as an identity for business actors in the implementation of their business activities.[4]Medium-risk business activitiesBusiness licensing for medium-risk business activities comprises medium-low-risk business activities and medium-high-risk business activities.[5] Business licensing for medium-low-risk business activities is in the form of the granting of Business Identification Numbers and standard certificates in the form of statements of business actors to fulfill business standards in the framework of carrying out business activity.[6]Meanwhile, business licensing for medium-high-risk business activities is in the form of the granting of Business Identification Numbers and standard certificates issued by the Central Government or Regional Government in accordance with their authorities based on verification results of compliance with business activity implementation standards by Business Actors.[7]Furthermore, in the event that medium-risk business activities need product standardization, the Central Government shall issue a product standard certificate based on the verification results of standard compliance that must be fulfilled by Business Actors before carrying out product commercialization activity.[8]High-risk business activitiesBusiness Licensing for high-risk business activity is the granting of Business Identification Numbers and licenses, as approval from the Central Government or Regional Governments for the implementation of business activity that must be fulfilled by Business Actors before carrying out their business activities[9]However, in the event that the high-risk business activity needs a product standardization, the Central Government or Regional Governments shall issue the business standard certificate and product standard certificate based on the verification result of standard compliance. [10]The business licensing process is conducted through the Online Single Submission ("OSS") system, which according to Article 1 number 21 Government Regulation 5/2021 is Electronically Integrated Business Licensing System managed and organized by the OSS Agency for the implementation of Risk-Based Business Licensing.Business sectors that are included in the system of OSS Risk Based Approach (“OSS RBA”) are:[11]marine affairs and fisheries;agriculture;environment and forestry;energy and mineral resources;nuclear power;industry;trade;public works and public housings;transportation;health, drug and food;education and culture;tourism;religious;post, telecommunications, broadcasting, and electronic systems and transactions;defense and security; andmanpower.Cafe Business LicenseAccording to the Appendix to Regulation of the Central Bureau Statistics 2/2020, the Indonesian Standard Industrial Classification a.k.a. Klasifikasi Baku Lapangan Usaha Indonesia (“KBLI”) code which may be used for cafe business activities are (p. 519):56303 – Drinking House/CafeThis category includes any type of business which provides both hot and cold beverages for consumption at the place of business, is located in some part or all of a permanent building, whether or not it is equipped with equipment for the production and storage process, and whether it has obtained a decision letter as a drinking house from the relevant agency who build it, or notIn accordance with Appendix I Government Regulation 5/2021 on the Tourism sector, KBLI code 56303 is included as a low-risk business activity. Therefore, the requirement to open a cafe is to fulfill low-risk business activities. Similarly, the requirements to open a cafe in Jakarta.Based on the above description, in answer to your question, in order to establish a cafe, you may apply for a business license through the latest OSS system or OSS RBA. Considering that the level of risk for this business activity is low, then the business license used is a Business Identification Number.Enrich your legal research with the latest bilingual legal analysis, as well as the collection of regulatory translations integrated into Hukumonline Pro, click here to learn more.These are the answers we can provide, we hope you will find them useful.Legal Basis:Regulation of the Government in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation which has been passed into law on 21 March 2023;Regulation of the Government Number 5 of 2021 on the Organization of Risk-Based Business Licensing;Regulation of the Central Bureau of Statistics Number 2 of 2020 on Indonesian Standard Industrial Classification.[1] Article 7 section (2) Regulation of the Government in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation (“Perppu 2/2022”).[2] Article 7 section (7) Perppu 2/2022.[3] Article 8 section (1) Perppu 2/2022.[4] Article 8 section (2) Perppu 2/2022.[5] Article 9 section (1) Perppu 2/2022.[6] Article 9 section (2) jo. section (4) Perppu 2/2022.[7] Article 9 section (3) jo. section (5) Perppu 2/2022.[8] Article 9 section (6) Perppu 2/2022.[9] Article 10 section (1) and section (2) Perppu 2/2022.[10] Article 10 section (3) Perppu 2/2022.[11] Article 6 section (2) Regulation of the Government Number 5 of 2021 on the Organization of Risk-Based Business Licensing (“Government Regulation 5/2021”).Tagsklinik english edition
Our family is planning to start setting up a small cafe in Jakarta, can we apply for a cafe business license through the new OSS? Thank you.
Currently, the business licensing required by business actors (entrepreneurs) depends on the risk level of the relevant business activities, which may be designated as low, medium, or high-risk business activities. So, which category does the cafe business fall into? And what business licenses are required? Please read the review below for a further explanation. Catat! Ini 3 Aspek Hukum untuk Mendirikan Startup9 Mei 2023Cara Mengurus Akta Cerai yang Hilang19 Mei 2023Syarat dan Prosedur Mempekerjakan TKA untuk Sementara21 Mar 2023Catat! Ini 3 Aspek Hukum untuk Mendirikan Startup9 Mei 2023Cara Mengurus Akta Cerai yang Hilang19 Mei 2023Syarat dan Prosedur Mempekerjakan TKA untuk Sementara21 Mar 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/business-license-for-cafe-lt642c1808d82cc/
Business License for Cafe
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- This article is an English translation of **_[Izin Usaha untuk Kafe](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/izin-usaha-untuk-kafe-lt618ca69caa623?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=izin_usaha_untuk_kafe)_** which was written by [**Dian Dwi Jayanti, S.H.**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/dian-dwi-jayanti--sh-lt6374680d16d2f) and was published on Monday, 3 April 2023. This article below is an update of the article entitled **Business License for Cafe (Izin Usaha untuk Kafe)** which was first written by [**Easybiz**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/easybiz-lt55e6ba0b40629/easybiz-lt55e6bb779b5a8) and was first published on Wednesday, 10 November 2021.  All legal information available on Klinik hukumonline.com has been prepared for educational purposes only and is general in nature (read the complete [**Disclaimer**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer)). In order to obtain legal advice specific to your case, please consult with [**Justika Partner Consultant**](https://www.justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Business Licensing Systems** It is important to note that prior to opening cafes in Indonesia, the government has now implemented risk-based business licensing in order to support the improvement of the investment climate and business activities. Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) According to **Article 7 section (1)** [**Perppu 2/2022**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022/translations?utm_medium=internal_link_klinik) which has been passed into law on 21 March 2023, risk-based business licensing is carried out based on the determination of risk level and business scale rating of business activities. Determination of risk level and business scale rating is obtained based on hazard level and hazard potential assessments (or: assessments of hazard level and hazard potential).[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Based on the level assessment as well as the assessment of the potential for hazards, the business activities' risks and scale ratings are set to be low-risk, medium-risk, or high-risk,[\[2\]](#_ftn2) with the provisions of business licensing as follows: 1. **Low-risk business activities** Business licensing for low-risk business activities is in the form of the granting of a Business Identification Number which constitutes the legality of the implementation of business activities.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) A Business Identification Numbers is proof of registration of business actors to conduct business activities and as an identity for business actors in the implementation of their business activities.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) 2. **Medium-risk business activities** Business licensing for medium-risk business activities comprises medium-low-risk business activities and medium-high-risk business activities.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) Business licensing for medium-low-risk business activities is in the form of the granting of Business Identification Numbers and standard certificates in the form of statements of business actors to fulfill business standards in the framework of carrying out business activity.[\[6\]](#_ftn6) Meanwhile, business licensing for medium-high-risk business activities is in the form of the granting of Business Identification Numbers and standard certificates issued by the Central Government or Regional Government in accordance with their authorities based on verification results of compliance with business activity implementation standards by Business Actors.[\[7\]](#_ftn7) Furthermore, in the event that medium-risk business activities need product standardization, the Central Government shall issue a product standard certificate based on the verification results of standard compliance that must be fulfilled by Business Actors before carrying out product commercialization activity.[\[8\]](#_ftn8) 3. **High-risk business activities** Business Licensing for high-risk business activity is the granting of Business Identification Numbers and licenses, as approval from the Central Government or Regional Governments for the implementation of business activity that must be fulfilled by Business Actors before carrying out their business activities[\[9\]](#_ftn9) However, in the event that the high-risk business activity needs a product standardization, the Central Government or Regional Governments shall issue the business standard certificate and product standard certificate based on the verification result of standard compliance. [\[10\]](#_ftn10) The business licensing process is conducted through the Online Single Submission ("OSS") system, which according to **Article 1 number 21** [**Government Regulation 5/2021**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6032548acffe0/node/534/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-5-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_5_2021) is Electronically Integrated Business Licensing System managed and organized by the OSS Agency for the implementation of Risk-Based Business Licensing. Business sectors that are included in the system of OSS Risk Based Approach (“OSS RBA”) are:[\[11\]](#_ftn11) 1. marine affairs and fisheries; 2. agriculture; 3. environment and forestry; 4. energy and mineral resources; 5. nuclear power; 6. industry; 7. trade; 8. public works and public housings; 9. transportation; 10. health, drug and food; 11. education and culture; 12. **tourism**; 13. religious; 14. post, telecommunications, broadcasting, and electronic systems and transactions; 15. defense and security; and 16. manpower. ### **Cafe Business License** According to the **Appendix to** [**Regulation of the Central Bureau Statistics 2/2020**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5f7aa1e49c8ba/node/lt521ee272e3f67/peraturan-badan-pusat-statistik-no-2-tahun-2020-klasifikasi-baku-lapangan-usaha-indonesia?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=PBPS_2_2020), the Indonesian Standard Industrial Classification a.k.a. _Klasifikasi Baku Lapangan Usaha Indonesia_ (“KBLI”) code which may be used for cafe business activities are (p. 519): **56303 – Drinking House/Cafe** _This category includes any type of business which provides both hot and cold beverages for consumption at the place of business, is located in some part or all of a permanent building, whether or not it is equipped with equipment for the production and storage process, and whether it has obtained a decision letter as a drinking house from the relevant agency who build it, or not_ In accordance with **Appendix I Government Regulation 5/2021** on the Tourism sector, KBLI code 56303 is included as a low-risk business activity. Therefore, the requirement to open a cafe is to fulfill low-risk business activities. Similarly, the requirements to open a cafe in Jakarta. Based on the above description, in answer to your question, in order to establish a cafe, you may apply for a business license through the latest OSS system or OSS RBA. Considering that the level of risk for this business activity is low, then the business license used is a Business Identification Number. Enrich your legal research with the latest bilingual legal analysis, as well as the collection of regulatory translations integrated into Hukumonline Pro, click [**here**](https://pro.hukumonline.com/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=cta&utm_campaign=artikel_klinik) to learn more. These are the answers we can provide, we hope you will find them useful. Legal Basis: 1. [Regulation of the Government in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022/translations?utm_medium=internal_link_klinik) which has been passed into law on 21 March 2023; 2. [Regulation of the Government Number 5 of 2021 on the Organization of Risk-Based Business Licensing](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6032548acffe0/node/534/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-5-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_5_2021); 3. [Regulation of the Central Bureau of Statistics Number 2 of 2020 on Indonesian Standard Industrial Classification](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5f7aa1e49c8ba/node/lt521ee272e3f67/peraturan-badan-pusat-statistik-no-2-tahun-2020-klasifikasi-baku-lapangan-usaha-indonesia?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=PBPS_2_2020). * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Article 7 section (2) [Regulation of the Government in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022/translations?utm_medium=internal_link_klinik) (“Perppu 2/2022”). [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Article 7 section (7) Perppu 2/2022. [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Article 8 section (1) Perppu 2/2022. [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Article 8 section (2) Perppu 2/2022. [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Article 9 section (1) Perppu 2/2022. [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Article 9 section (2) _jo._ section (4) Perppu 2/2022. [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Article 9 section (3) _jo._ section (5) Perppu 2/2022. [\[8\]](#_ftnref8) Article 9 section (6) Perppu 2/2022. [\[9\]](#_ftnref9) Article 10 section (1) and section (2) Perppu 2/2022. [\[10\]](#_ftnref10) Article 10 section (3) Perppu 2/2022. [\[11\]](#_ftnref11) Article 6 section (2) [Regulation of the Government Number 5 of 2021 on the Organization of Risk-Based Business Licensing](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6032548acffe0/node/534/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-5-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_5_2021) (“Government Regulation 5/2021”). Tags ---- [klinik english edition](/tag/klinik-english-edition)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul sama yang dibuat oleh Risa Amrikasari S.S., S.H., M.H. dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Selasa, 22 Januari 2019. Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika. Jangka Waktu PatenSuatu paten yang telah habis masa berlakunya tidak dapat diperpanjang lagi sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 22 dan Pasal 23 UU Paten sebagai berikut :Pasal 22Paten diberikan untuk jangka waktu 20 tahun terhitung sejak Tanggal Penerimaan.[1]Jangka waktu sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) tidak dapat diperpanjang.Tanggal mulai dan berakhirnya jangka waktu paten dicatat dan diumumkan melalui media elektronik dan/atau media non-elektronik. Pasal 23Paten sederhana diberikan untuk jangka waktu 10 tahun terhitung sejak Tanggal Penerimaan.Jangka waktu sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) tidak dapat diperpanjang.Tanggal mulai dan berakhirnya jangka waktu paten sederhana dicatat dan diumumkan melalui media elektronik dan/atau media non-elektronik  Jika masa perlindungan hak paten telah berakhir, maka suatu invensi akan menjadi public domain (milik umum) sehingga pihak lain dapat memproduksi dan menjualnya secara bebas. Aturan mengenai masa berlaku hak paten dimaksudkan agar tidak ada pihak yang secara terus menerus dapat mengontrol seluruh industri sehingga dikhawatirkan dapat merugikan masyarakat dan sistem perdagangan. Membuat Alat yang Sudah Memiliki Paten di Negara LainSelanjutnya, hak paten berlaku teritorial. Secara umum, hak eksklusif ini hanya berlaku di negara atau wilayah di mana paten telah diajukan dan diberikan, sesuai dengan hukum negara atau wilayah yang bersangkutan.Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property menerapkan prinsip ‘national treatment’ sebagaimana tertuang dalam Pasal 2 ayat (1) sebagai berikut:Nationals of any country of the Union shall, as regards the protection of industrial property, enjoy in all the other countries of the Union the advantages that their respective laws now grant, or may hereafter grant, to nationals; all without prejudice to the rights specially provided for by this Convention. Consequently, they shall have the same protection as the latter, and the same legal remedy against any infringement of their rights, provided that the conditions and formalities imposed upon nationals are complied with.Adanya prinsip ‘national treatment’ ini berarti bahwa:Bangsa dari negara anggota Union memiliki hak yang sama dalam perlindungan HKI;Agar mendapatkan hak yang sama, pemohon harus memenuhi persyaratan yang berlaku sesuai undang-undang negara setempat.Selanjutnya, Pasal 19 ayat (1) huruf a UU Paten menyatakan bahwa:Pemegang Paten memiliki hak eksklusif untuk melaksanakan Paten yang dimilikinya dan untuk melarang pihak lain yang tanpa persetujuannya:dalam hal Paten-produk: membuat, menggunakan, menjual, mengimpor, menyewakan, menyerahkan, atau menyediakan untuk dijual atau disewakan atau diserahkan produk yang diberi Paten;Pasal 1 angka 6 UU Paten menjelaskan yang dimaksud dengan pemegang paten adalah inventor sebagai pemilik paten atau pihak yang menerima hak atas paten tersebut dari pemilik paten atau pihak lain yang menerima lebih lanjut hak atas paten tersebut, yang terdaftar dalam daftar umum paten.Menjawab pertanyaan Anda, apakah boleh membuat suatu alat untuk kepentingan komersial di mana alat tersebut telah didaftarkan patennya oleh pihak lain di negara lain, akan tetapi di Indonesia tidak didaftarkan, pada dasarnya memang tidak ada aturan hukum yang mengatur mengenai larangan untuk melakukan hal tersebut karena berlakunya aturan hukum paten yang bersifat teritorial.Akan tetapi tindakan memproduksi suatu alat yang telah terdaftar hak patennya meski di negara lain tanpa seizin pemegang hak patennya adalah tindakan yang melanggar moral. Kekayaan Intelektual (“KI”) bukan hanya mencakup perlindungan hukum, akan tetapi juga merupakan penghargaan kepada hasil karya intelektual seseorang. Hasil pemikiran manusia adalah sumber kekayaan dan kelangsungan hidup dan bahwa semua properti pada dasarnya adalah KI.Melanggar KI seseorang sama halnya dengan secara moral melanggar KI yang terkait dengan proses-proses kehidupan dan karena itu merupakan tindakan tidak bermoral. Paten dan Paten SederhanaSelain paten, terdapat juga paten sederhana. Pasal 1 angka 1 UU Paten mendefinisikan paten adalah hak eksklusif yang diberikan oleh negara kepada inventor atas hasil invensinya di bidang teknologi untuk jangka waktu tertentu melaksanakan sendiri invensi tersebut atau memberikan persetujuan kepada pihak lain untuk melaksanakannya.Untuk membedakan antara paten dengan paten sederhana, terlebih dahulu kita harus membahas mengenai apa yang dimaksud dengan invensi adalah ide inventor yang dituangkan ke dalam suatu kegiatan pemecahan masalah yang spesifik di bidang teknologi berupa produk atau proses atau penyempurnaan dan pengembangan produk atau proses.[2]Adapun perbedaan antara paten dengan paten sederhana sebagai berikut.Paten diberikan untuk invensi yang baru, mengandung langkah inventif, dan dapat diterapkan dalam industri. Sementara paten sederhana diberikan untuk setiap invensi baru, pengembangan dari produk atau proses yang telah ada, dan dapat diterapkan dalam industri.[3]Paten sederhana diberikan untuk invensi yang berupa produk yang bukan sekadar berbeda ciri teknisnya, tetapi harus memiliki fungsi/kegunaan yang lebih praktis daripada invensi sebelumnya yang disebabkan bentuk, konfigurasi, konstruksi, atau komponennya yang mencakup alat, barang, mesin, komposisi, formula, senyawa, atau sistem. Paten sederhana juga diberikan untuk invensi yang berupa proses atau metode yang baru.[4] Berapa lama jangka waktu masa berlaku hak atas paten sederhana? Maksimum perlindungan paten sederhana lebih pendek daripada maksimum perlindungan paten. Perlindungan untuk paten sederhana sesuai dengan Pasal 23 ayat (1) UU Paten adalah selama 10 tahun terhitung sejak tanggal penerimaan, sedangkan paten sesuai Pasal 22 ayat (1) UU Paten diberikan untuk jangka waktu 20 tahun sejak tanggal penerimaan. Klaim paten sederhana dibatasi dengan satu klaim mandiri, sedangkan paten jumlah klaimnya tidak dibatasi.[5] Progres teknologi dalam paten sederhana lebih simpel daripada progres teknologi dalam paten. Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. Dasar Hukum:Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2016 tentang Paten;Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja yang telah ditetapkan sebagai undang-undang melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023. Referensi:Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, yang diakses pada 30 Maret 2023, pukul 14.24 WIB.[1] Tanggal penerimaan adalah tanggal diterimanya permohonan yang telah memenuhi persyaratan minimum (Pasal 1 angka 9 Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2016 tentang Paten (“UU Paten”))[2] Pasal 1 angka 2 UU Paten[3] Pasal 107 angka 1 Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja (“Perppu Ciptaker”) yang mengubah Pasal 3 UU Paten[4] Penjelasan Pasal 3 ayat (2) UU Paten[5] Pasal 107 angka 4 Perppu Ciptaker yang mengubah Pasal 122 ayat (1) UU Paten dan penjelasannyaTagshak kekayaan intelektualkekayaan intelektualpatenproduk
Saya ingin mengajukan beberapa pertanyaan: Bolehkah kita memproduksi dan menjual suatu produk yang telah dipatenkan pihak lain akan tetapi patennya telah habis masanya (20 tahun)? Bolehkah kita membuat suatu alat untuk kepentingan komersial di mana alat tersebut telah didaftarkan patennya oleh pihak lain di negara lain, akan tetapi di Indonesia tidak didaftarkan? Apa yang bisa membedakan antara paten dan paten sederhana? Serta berapa lama jangka waktu masa berlaku hak atas paten sederhana? Terima kasih.
Jika masa perlindungan hak paten telah berakhir, maka suatu invensi akan menjadi public domain (milik umum) sehingga pihak lain dapat memproduksi dan menjualnya secara bebas. Tindakan memproduksi suatu alat yang telah terdaftar hak patennya meski di negara lain tanpa seizin pemegang hak patennya adalah tindakan yang melanggar moral. Kekayaan Intelektual (KI) bukan hanya mencakup perlindungan hukum, akan tetapi juga merupakan penghargaan kepada hasil karya intelektual seseorang. Lalu apa yang membedakan antara paten dan paten sederhana? Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Cara dan Biaya Mengurus Perceraian Tanpa Pengacara25 Apr 2024Kiat-kiat Membeli Tanah Girik yang Aman4 Jun 2024Simak! Ini 5 Langkah Merger PT 22 Mei 2023Cara dan Biaya Mengurus Perceraian Tanpa Pengacara25 Apr 2024Kiat-kiat Membeli Tanah Girik yang Aman4 Jun 2024Simak! Ini 5 Langkah Merger PT 22 Mei 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/seluk-beluk-paten-lt5372c4c71a0c1/
Seluk Beluk Paten
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul sama yang dibuat oleh [Risa Amrikasari S.S., S.H., M.H.](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/ipas-institute-lt53959f3e4a120/risa-amrikasari-ss--sh--mh-lt4dfee5c0cd296) dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Selasa, 22 Januari 2019.** Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Jangka Waktu Paten** Suatu paten yang telah habis masa berlakunya tidak dapat diperpanjang lagi sebagaimana diatur dalam **Pasal 22 dan Pasal 23 [UU Paten](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt57dfa79196118/undang-undang-nomor-13-tahun-2016/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_13_2016)** sebagai berikut : **Pasal 22** 1. **_Paten diberikan untuk jangka waktu 20 tahun terhitung sejak Tanggal Penerimaan_**_._[\[1\]](#_ftn1) 2. _Jangka waktu sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) **tidak dapat diperpanjang**._ 3. _Tanggal mulai dan berakhirnya jangka waktu paten dicatat dan diumumkan melalui media elektronik dan/atau media non-elektronik._ **Pasal 23** 1. **_Paten sederhana diberikan untuk jangka waktu 10 tahun terhitung sejak Tanggal Penerimaan_**_._ 2. _Jangka waktu sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) **tidak dapat diperpanjang**._ 3. _Tanggal mulai dan berakhirnya jangka waktu paten sederhana dicatat dan diumumkan melalui media elektronik dan/atau media non-elektronik_  Jika masa perlindungan hak paten telah berakhir, maka suatu invensi akan menjadi _public domain_ (milik umum) sehingga pihak lain dapat memproduksi dan menjualnya secara bebas. Aturan mengenai masa berlaku hak paten dimaksudkan agar tidak ada pihak yang secara terus menerus dapat mengontrol seluruh industri sehingga dikhawatirkan dapat merugikan masyarakat dan sistem perdagangan. ### **Membuat Alat yang Sudah Memiliki Paten di Negara Lain** Selanjutnya, hak paten berlaku teritorial. Secara umum, hak eksklusif ini hanya berlaku di negara atau wilayah di mana paten telah diajukan dan diberikan, sesuai dengan hukum negara atau wilayah yang bersangkutan. [**_Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property_**](https://wipolex.wipo.int/en/treaties/textdetails/12633) menerapkan prinsip _‘national treatment’_ sebagaimana tertuang dalam **Pasal 2 ayat (1)** sebagai berikut: _Nationals of any country of the Union shall, as regards the protection of industrial property, enjoy in all the other countries of the Union the advantages that their respective laws now grant, or may hereafter grant, to nationals; all without prejudice to the rights specially provided for by this Convention. Consequently, they shall have the same protection as the latter, and the same legal remedy against any infringement of their rights, provided that the conditions and formalities imposed upon nationals are complied with._ Adanya prinsip _‘national treatment’_ ini berarti bahwa: * Bangsa dari negara anggota _Union_ memiliki hak yang sama dalam perlindungan HKI; * Agar mendapatkan hak yang sama, pemohon harus memenuhi persyaratan yang berlaku sesuai undang-undang negara setempat. Selanjutnya, **Pasal 19 ayat (1) huruf a UU Paten** menyatakan bahwa: _Pemegang Paten memiliki hak eksklusif untuk melaksanakan Paten yang dimilikinya dan untuk melarang pihak lain yang tanpa persetujuannya:_ 1. _dalam hal Paten-produk: membuat, menggunakan, menjual, mengimpor, menyewakan, menyerahkan, atau menyediakan untuk dijual atau disewakan atau diserahkan produk yang diberi Paten;_ **Pasal 1 angka 6 UU Paten** menjelaskan yang dimaksud dengan pemegang paten adalah inventor sebagai pemilik paten atau pihak yang menerima hak atas paten tersebut dari pemilik paten atau pihak lain yang menerima lebih lanjut hak atas paten tersebut, yang terdaftar dalam daftar umum paten. Menjawab pertanyaan Anda, apakah boleh membuat suatu alat untuk kepentingan komersial di mana alat tersebut telah didaftarkan patennya oleh pihak lain di negara lain, akan tetapi di Indonesia tidak didaftarkan, pada dasarnya memang tidak ada aturan hukum yang mengatur mengenai larangan untuk melakukan hal tersebut karena berlakunya aturan hukum paten yang bersifat teritorial. Akan tetapi tindakan memproduksi suatu alat yang telah terdaftar hak patennya meski di negara lain tanpa seizin pemegang hak patennya adalah tindakan yang melanggar moral. Kekayaan Intelektual (“KI”) bukan hanya mencakup perlindungan hukum, akan tetapi juga merupakan penghargaan kepada hasil karya intelektual seseorang. Hasil pemikiran manusia adalah sumber kekayaan dan kelangsungan hidup dan bahwa semua properti pada dasarnya adalah KI. Melanggar KI seseorang sama halnya dengan secara moral melanggar KI yang terkait dengan proses-proses kehidupan dan karena itu merupakan tindakan tidak bermoral. ### **Paten dan Paten Sederhana** Selain paten, terdapat juga paten sederhana. **Pasal 1 angka 1 UU Paten** mendefinisikan paten adalah hak eksklusif yang diberikan oleh negara kepada inventor atas hasil invensinya di bidang teknologi untuk jangka waktu tertentu melaksanakan sendiri invensi tersebut atau memberikan persetujuan kepada pihak lain untuk melaksanakannya. Untuk membedakan antara paten dengan paten sederhana, terlebih dahulu kita harus membahas mengenai apa yang dimaksud dengan invensi adalah ide inventor yang dituangkan ke dalam suatu kegiatan pemecahan masalah yang spesifik di bidang teknologi berupa produk atau proses atau penyempurnaan dan pengembangan produk atau proses.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Adapun perbedaan antara paten dengan paten sederhana sebagai berikut. 1. Paten diberikan untuk invensi yang baru, mengandung langkah inventif, dan dapat diterapkan dalam industri. Sementara paten sederhana diberikan untuk setiap invensi baru, pengembangan dari produk atau proses yang telah ada, dan dapat diterapkan dalam industri.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Paten sederhana diberikan untuk invensi yang berupa produk yang bukan sekadar berbeda ciri teknisnya, tetapi harus memiliki fungsi/kegunaan yang lebih praktis daripada invensi sebelumnya yang disebabkan bentuk, konfigurasi, konstruksi, atau komponennya yang mencakup alat, barang, mesin, komposisi, formula, senyawa, atau sistem. Paten sederhana juga diberikan untuk invensi yang berupa proses atau metode yang baru.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) 2. Berapa lama jangka waktu masa berlaku hak atas paten sederhana? Maksimum perlindungan paten sederhana lebih pendek daripada maksimum perlindungan paten. Perlindungan untuk paten sederhana sesuai dengan **Pasal 23 ayat (1) UU Paten** adalah selama 10 tahun terhitung sejak tanggal penerimaan, sedangkan paten sesuai **Pasal 22 ayat (1) UU Paten** diberikan untuk jangka waktu 20 tahun sejak tanggal penerimaan. 3. Klaim paten sederhana dibatasi dengan satu klaim mandiri, sedangkan paten jumlah klaimnya tidak dibatasi.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) 4. Progres teknologi dalam paten sederhana lebih simpel daripada progres teknologi dalam paten. Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. Dasar Hukum: 1. [Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2016 tentang Paten](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt57dfa79196118/undang-undang-nomor-13-tahun-2016/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_13_2016); 2. [Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022) yang telah ditetapkan sebagai undang-undang melalui [Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6427eaaee8a1f/undang-undang-nomor-6-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_6_2023). Referensi: [_Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property_](https://wipolex.wipo.int/en/treaties/textdetails/12633), yang diakses pada 30 Maret 2023, pukul 14.24 WIB. * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Tanggal penerimaan adalah tanggal diterimanya permohonan yang telah memenuhi persyaratan minimum (Pasal 1 angka 9 [Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2016 tentang Paten](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt57dfa79196118/undang-undang-nomor-13-tahun-2016/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_13_2016) (“UU Paten”)) [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal 1 angka 2 UU Paten [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 107 angka 1 [Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022) (“Perppu Ciptaker”) yang mengubah Pasal 3 UU Paten [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Penjelasan Pasal 3 ayat (2) UU Paten [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Pasal 107 angka 4 Perppu Ciptaker yang mengubah Pasal 122 ayat (1) UU Paten dan penjelasannya Tags ---- [hak kekayaan intelektual](/tag/hak-kekayaan-intelektual) [kekayaan intelektual](/tag/kekayaan-intelektual) [paten](/tag/paten) [produk](/tag/produk)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.KLINIK TERKAITLangkah Hukum Jika THR Dipotong Sepihak oleh Perusahaan26 Mar 2024Apakah Karyawan Non-Muslim Berhak atas THR Lebaran?25 Mar 2024Begini Aturan Perhitungan THR bagi Karyawan28 Mar 2023Perusahaan Ubah Waktu Bayar THR Sepihak, Ini Hukumnya05 Jul 2022Sebelum menjawab pertanyaan Anda, kami akan menjelaskan terlebih dahulu apa yang dimaksud dengan THR. Dalam Pasal 8 ayat (1) PP Pengupahan dan Pasal 1 angka 1 Permenaker 6/2016 mendefinisikan Tunjangan Hari Raya Keagamaan atau THR adalah pendapatan non-upah yang wajib dibayarkan oleh pengusaha kepada pekerja/buruh atau keluarganya menjelang hari raya keagamaan dan diberikan 1 kali dalam 1 tahun sesuai dengan hari raya keagamaan masing-masing pekerja/buruh.THR wajib dibayarkan oleh pengusaha paling lambat 7 hari sebelum hari raya keagamaan.[1]Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Baca juga: Begini Aturan Perhitungan THR bagi KaryawanKetentuan One Month Notice Karyawan yang Akan ResignTerkait dengan keterangan yang Anda sampaikan bahwa suami Anda akan mengundurkan diri per akhir bulan Desember 2022 dan telah mengajukan surat pengunduran diri sejak bulan November 2022. Namun demikian, pihak perusahaan menyatakan bila pekerja/buruh yang akan mengundurkan diri harus memberitahukan 3 bulan sebelumnya dan hal itu menjadi alasan perusahaan menunda memberikan THR suami Anda.Mengenai pengunduran diri pekerja/buruh, menurut Pasal 36 huruf i PP 35/2021 harus memenuhi syarat-syarat sebagai berikut.mengajukan permohonan pengunduran diri secara tertulis selambat-lambatnya 30 hari sebelum tanggal mulai pengunduran diri;tidak terikat dalam ikatan dinas; dantetap melaksanakan kewajibannya sampai tanggal mulai pengunduran diri.Dalam peraturan tersebut, pekerja yang akan resign harus memberitahukan secara tertulis kepada perusahaan selambat-lambatnya 30 hari sebelum tanggal mulai pengunduran diri yang dikenal dengan istilah one month notice.Akan tetapi, merujuk pada artikel Aturan One Month Notice Saat Pengunduran Diri jika perusahaan mengatur kebijakan permohonan pengunduran diri lebih dari 1 bulan, misalnya 3 bulan sebelum tanggal pengunduran diri maka hal tersebut sah-sah saja dilakukan sepanjang diatur dalam peraturan perusahaan, perjanjian kerja bersama, atau perjanjian kerja.Hukumnya Menunda Pembayaran THR untuk Karyawan ResignSelanjutnya mengenai alasan perusahaan menunda memberikan THR karena pekerja/buruh tidak memberitahukan pengunduran dirinya secara tertulis 3 bulan sebelum tanggal pengunduran diri kepada perusahaan, hal tersebut bukan merupakan alasan yang sah dan dibenarkan oleh undang-undang. Pemberian THR bagi pekerja/buruh merupakan kewajiban bagi perusahaan meskipun hubungan kerja antara pekerja dan perusahaan telah berakhir sebelum hari raya keagamaan. Hal ini diatur di dalam Pasal 7 Permenaker 6/2016 sebagai berikut.Pekerja/buruh yang hubungan kerjanya berdasarkan perjanjian kerja waktu tidak tertentu dan mengalami pemutusan hubungan kerja terhitung sejak 30 (tiga puluh) hari sebelum Hari Raya Keagamaan, berhak atas THR Keagamaan.THR Keagamaan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) berlaku untuk tahun berjalan pada saat terjadinya pemutusan hubungan kerja oleh Pengusaha.Ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) tidak berlaku bagi Pekerja/Buruh yang hubungan kerjanya berdasarkan perjanjian kerja waktu tertentu, yang berakhir sebelum Hari Raya Keagamaan.Pemutusan hubungan kerja atau PHK sendiri, dapat terjadi karena pekerja/buruh mengundurkan diri atas kemauan sendiri dengan memenuhi syarat sebagaimana diatur di dalam Pasal 36 huruf i PP 35/2021.Dengan demikian, terhadap karyawan dengan perjanjian kerja waktu tidak tertentu (“PKWTT”) yang resign 30 hari sebelum hari raya keagamaan, maka ia berhak mendapatkan THR.Dalam kasus suami Anda yang resign per akhir Desember 2022, maka suami Anda tetap berhak atas THR Natal karena suami Anda masih menjalankan kewajibannya sebagai karyawan, bahkan ketika melewati tanggal hari raya Natal, yaitu tanggal 25 Desember 2022.Sebagai informasi, di tahun 2023, Menteri Ketenagakerjaan mengeluarkan SE Menaker 2/2023 yang mengatur THR bagi karyawan di tahun 2023 yang menentukan bahwa THR wajib dibayarkan secara penuh dan paling lambat 7 hari sebelum hari raya keagamaan.Oleh karena itu, alasan perusahaan menunda pemberian THR tidak dibenarkan dikarenakan THR wajib dibayarkan kepada karyawan paling lambat 7 hari sebelum hari raya keagamaan dan dibayarkan secara penuh atau tidak dicicil.Sanksi bagi Perusahaan yang Tidak Membayar THR KaryawanBenar bahwa jika perusahaan tidak membayar THR karyawan dan hal tersebut dilaporkan, maka perusahaan akan dikenai sanksi administratif salah satunya teguran tertulis.Namun, tidak hanya teguran tertulis, perusahaan yang tidak membayarkan THR dapat dikenai sanksi administratif lain yang diatur di dalam Pasal 79 ayat (1) PP Pengupahan, berupa:teguran tertulis;pembatasan kegiatan usaha;penghentian sementara sebagian atau seluruh alat produksi; danpembekuan kegiatan usaha.Selain itu, berdasarkan Pasal 10 ayat (1) dan (2) Permenaker 6/2016, perusahaan yang terlambat membayar THR kepada pekerja/buruh dikenai denda sebesar 5% dari total THR yang harus dibayar sejak berakhirnya batas waktu kewajiban untuk membayar. Pengenaan denda tersebut tidak menghilangkan kewajiban pengusaha untuk membayar THR kepada karyawan.Mengenai sanksi teguran tertulis, merujuk pada Pasal 80 ayat (2) dan (3) PP Pengupahan ditentukan bahwa teguran tertulis dituangkan dalam bentuk nota pemeriksaan berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan yang telah dilakukan oleh Pengawas Ketenagakerjaan setelah mendapatkan pengaduan dan/atau tindak lanjut dari hasil pengawasan ketenagakerjaan.Penerbitan nota pemeriksaan dilakukan secara bertahap yang terdiri dari Nota Pemeriksaan I dan Nota Pemeriksaan II,[2] dimana perusahaan harus melaksanakan isi dari nota pemeriksaan tersebut yang memuat perintah kepada perusahaan untuk membayarkan hak-hak pekerja/buruh dalam jangka waktu yang ditentukan sebagai berikut.[3]Nota Pemeriksaan I wajib dilaksanakan oleh perusahaan paling lama 30 hari sejak nota pemeriksaan diterima; danNota Pemeriksaan II wajib dilaksanakan oleh perusahaan paling lama 14 hari sejak Nota Pemeriksaan II diterima.Apabila sampai Nota Pemeriksaan II ternyata perusahaan tetap tidak melaksanakan kewajibannya, maka Pengawas Ketenagakerjaan akan melaporkan kepada Pimpinan Unit Pengawasan Ketenagakerjaan akan:[4]memerintahkan melakukan tindakan penyidikan, jika ketidakpatuhan tersebut diancam sanksi pidana;mengambil tindakan hukum sesuai kewenangan yang diatur di dalam peraturan perundang-undangan;menerbitkan rekomendasi kepada pejabat yang berwenang untuk mengambil tindakan hukum sesuai peraturan perundang-undangan.Dengan demikian, maka menjawab pertanyaan Anda, pemberlakuan three month notice di perusahaan suami Anda tidak bisa menjadi alasan yang dibenarkan untuk menunda pemberian THR suami Anda. THR tetap wajib diberikan kepada karyawan termasuk karyawan yang akan resign sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan.Adapun terkait dengan jangka waktu pelaksanaan teguran tertulis, maksimal 30 hari setelah Nota Pemeriksanaan I diterima atau maksimal 14 hari setelah Nota Pemeriksaan II diterima, THR sebagai kewajiban perusahaan harus sudah dibayarkan. Jika dalam jangka waktu tersebut perusahaan tidak melaksanakan kewajibannya, maka Pengawas Ketenagakerjaan akan melaporkan ke Pimpinan Unit Pengawasan Ketenagakerjaan untuk ditindak lebih lanjut.Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwibahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut di sini.Demikian jawaban dari kami tentang pembayaran THR karyawan yang resign, semoga bermanfaat.DASAR HUKUMPeraturan Pemerintah Nomor 35 Tahun 2021 tentang Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tertentu, Alih Daya, Waktu Kerja dan Waktu Istirahat, dan Pemutusan Hubungan KerjaPeraturan Pemerintah Nomor 36 Tahun 2021 tentang PengupahanPeraturan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan Nomor 6 Tahun 2016 tentang Tunjangan Hari Raya Keagamaan Bagi Pekerja/Buruh di PerusahaanPeraturan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan Nomor 33 Tahun 2016 tentang Tata Cara Pengawasan KetenagakerjaanPeraturan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan Nomor 1 Tahun 2020 tentang Perubahan atas Peraturan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan Nomor 33 Tahun 2016 tentang Tata Cara Pengawasan KetenagakerjaanSurat Edaran Menteri Ketenagakerjaan Nomor M/2/HK.04.00/III/2023 tentang Pelaksanaan Pemberian Tunjangan Hari Raya Keagamaan Tahun 2023 bagi Pekerja/Buruh di Perusahaan[1] Pasal 5 ayat (3) Peraturan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan Nomor 6 Tahun 2016 tentang Tunjangan Hari Raya Keagamaan bagi Pekerja/Buruh di Perusahaan[2] Pasal 30 ayat (2) Peraturan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan Nomor 1 Tahun 2020 tentang Perubahan atas Peraturan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan Nomor 33 Tahun 2016 tentang Tata Cara Pengawasan Ketenagakerjaan (“Permenaker 1/2020”)[3] Pasal 30 ayat (5) Permenaker 1/2020 dan Pasal 31 ayat (3) Peraturan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan Nomor 33 Tahun 2016 tentang Tata Cara Pengawasan Ketenagakerjaan (“Permenaker 33/2016”)[4] Pasal 33 Permenaker 33/2016Tagshukum ketenagakerjaanthrtunjangantunjangan hari raya
Suami saya mau resign per akhir Desember 2022 dan sudah mengajukan surat pengunduran diri sejak November 2022. Tapi dari perusahaan dibilang kalau mau mengundurkan diri harus 3 bulan sebelumnya. Dan dikarenakan tidak 3 bulan, perusahaan menunda pembayaran THR Natal suami saya sampai hari ini. Padahal sudah diminta berkali-kali. Dan perusahaan terus menerus memberikan alasan yang tidak jelas atas penundaan THR. Kalau suami saya melaporkan hal ini, perusahaan hanya akan mendapatkan teguran tertulis. Berapa lamakah teguran tertulis itu berlaku sampai akhirnya THR suami saya dibayarkan? Terima kasih.
Tunjangan Hari Raya Keagamaan atau THR adalah pendapatan non-upah yang wajib dibayarkan oleh pengusaha kepada pekerja/buruh atau keluarganya menjelang hari raya keagamaan dan diberikan 1 kali dalam 1 tahun sesuai dengan hari raya keagamaan masing-masing pekerja/buruh, dan wajib dibayarkan maksimal 7 hari sebelum hari raya keagamaan. Terhadap karyawan PKWTT yang resign, pada dasarnya ia tetap berhak untuk mendapatkan THR jika mengundurkan diri terhitung maksimal 30 hari sebelum hari raya keagamaan. Jika THR karyawan yang akan resign tidak atau terlambat dibayarkan perusahaan kemudian melaporkannya, sanksi apakah yang akan dikenakan kepada perusahaan? Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Langkah Hukum Jika THR Dipotong Sepihak oleh Perusahaan26 Mar 2024Apakah Karyawan Non-Muslim Berhak atas THR Lebaran?25 Mar 2024Begini Aturan Perhitungan THR bagi Karyawan28 Mar 2023Perusahaan Ubah Waktu Bayar THR Sepihak, Ini Hukumnya05 Jul 2022Langkah Hukum Jika THR Dipotong Sepihak oleh Perusahaan26 Mar 2024Apakah Karyawan Non-Muslim Berhak atas THR Lebaran?25 Mar 2024Begini Aturan Perhitungan THR bagi Karyawan28 Mar 2023Perusahaan Ubah Waktu Bayar THR Sepihak, Ini Hukumnya05 Jul 2022Baca Tips Ini Sebelum Menggunakan Karya Cipta Milik Umum28 Feb 20234 Cara Mencairkan BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Online 15 Mei 2024Begini Cara Hitung Upah Lembur Pada Hari Raya Keagamaan12 Apr 2023Baca Tips Ini Sebelum Menggunakan Karya Cipta Milik Umum28 Feb 20234 Cara Mencairkan BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Online 15 Mei 2024Begini Cara Hitung Upah Lembur Pada Hari Raya Keagamaan12 Apr 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/menunda-pembayaran-thr-karyawan-yang-resign-lt63a94c4576b73/
Menunda Pembayaran THR Karyawan yang Resign, Ini Hukumnya
pages/150/page-7.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika)**.** ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Langkah Hukum Jika THR Dipotong Sepihak oleh Perusahaan ](/klinik/a/thr-dipotong-sepihak-lt5a34e81e96868/) ![Langkah Hukum Jika THR Dipotong Sepihak oleh Perusahaan](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt5a34e81e96868/thumbnail_lt626a845bd6297.jpg) 26 Mar 2024 [ #### Apakah Karyawan Non-Muslim Berhak atas THR Lebaran? ](/klinik/a/thr-lebaran-non-muslim-lt53c8d5adaa6e1/) ![Apakah Karyawan Non-Muslim Berhak atas THR Lebaran?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt53c8d5adaa6e1/thumbnail_lt5f7aeb6dc0a89.jpg) 25 Mar 2024 [ #### Begini Aturan Perhitungan THR bagi Karyawan ](/klinik/a/begini-aturan-perhitungan-thr-bagi-karyawan-lt51bc31ad7b95b/) ![Begini Aturan Perhitungan THR bagi Karyawan](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt51bc31ad7b95b/thumbnail_lt6422856bbdbff.jpg) 28 Mar 2023 [ #### Perusahaan Ubah Waktu Bayar THR Sepihak, Ini Hukumnya ](/klinik/a/perusahaan-ubah-waktu-bayar-thr-sepihak-ini-hukumnya-lt62c3d3562bdc4/) ![Perusahaan Ubah Waktu Bayar THR Sepihak, Ini Hukumnya](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt62c3d3562bdc4/thumbnail_lt62c3d53ebb2bb.jpg) 05 Jul 2022 [](#!) Sebelum menjawab pertanyaan Anda, kami akan menjelaskan terlebih dahulu apa yang dimaksud dengan THR. Dalam **Pasal 8 ayat (1) [PP Pengupahan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt60322fc0d665f/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-36-tahun-2021/document?utm_medium=internal_link_klinik?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_36_2021)** dan **Pasal 1 angka 1 [Permenaker 6/2016](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt56ebc838dd535/node/157/peraturan-menteri-ketenagakerjaan-no-6-tahun-2016-tunjangan-hari-raya-keagamaan-bagi-pekerja_buruh-di-perusahaan?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=permenaker_6_2016)** mendefinisikan Tunjangan Hari Raya Keagamaan atau THR adalah pendapatan non-upah yang wajib dibayarkan oleh pengusaha kepada pekerja/buruh atau keluarganya menjelang hari raya keagamaan dan diberikan 1 kali dalam 1 tahun sesuai dengan hari raya keagamaan masing-masing pekerja/buruh. THR wajib dibayarkan oleh pengusaha paling lambat 7 hari sebelum hari raya keagamaan.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Baca juga: **[Begini Aturan Perhitungan THR bagi Karyawan](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/begini-aturan-perhitungan-thr-bagi-karyawan-lt51bc31ad7b95b/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=hitung_thr)** ### **Ketentuan _One Month Notice_ Karyawan yang Akan _Resign_** Terkait dengan keterangan yang Anda sampaikan bahwa suami Anda akan mengundurkan diri per akhir bulan Desember 2022 dan telah mengajukan surat pengunduran diri sejak bulan November 2022. Namun demikian, pihak perusahaan menyatakan bila pekerja/buruh yang akan mengundurkan diri harus memberitahukan 3 bulan sebelumnya dan hal itu menjadi alasan perusahaan menunda memberikan THR suami Anda. Mengenai pengunduran diri pekerja/buruh, menurut **Pasal 36 huruf i [PP 35/2021](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt60322c341518b/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-35-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_35_2021)** harus memenuhi syarat-syarat sebagai berikut. 1. mengajukan permohonan pengunduran diri secara tertulis selambat-lambatnya 30 hari sebelum tanggal mulai pengunduran diri; 2. tidak terikat dalam ikatan dinas; dan 3. tetap melaksanakan kewajibannya sampai tanggal mulai pengunduran diri. Dalam peraturan tersebut, pekerja yang akan _resign_ harus memberitahukan secara tertulis kepada perusahaan selambat-lambatnya 30 hari sebelum tanggal mulai pengunduran diri yang dikenal dengan istilah _one month notice_. Akan tetapi, merujuk pada artikel [**Aturan _One Month Notice_ Saat Pengunduran Diri**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/aturan-ione-month-notice-i-saat-pengunduran-diri-cl6189?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=one_month_notice) jika perusahaan mengatur kebijakan permohonan pengunduran diri lebih dari 1 bulan, misalnya 3 bulan sebelum tanggal pengunduran diri maka **hal tersebut sah-sah saja dilakukan sepanjang diatur dalam [peraturan perusahaan](https://www.hukumonline.com/kamus/p/peraturan-perusahaan), [perjanjian kerja bersama](https://www.hukumonline.com/kamus/p/perjanjian-kerja-bersama), atau [perjanjian kerja](https://www.hukumonline.com/kamus/p/perjanjian-kerja)**. ### **Hukumnya Menunda Pembayaran THR untuk Karyawan _Resign_** Selanjutnya mengenai alasan perusahaan menunda memberikan THR karena pekerja/buruh tidak memberitahukan pengunduran dirinya secara tertulis 3 bulan sebelum tanggal pengunduran diri kepada perusahaan, hal tersebut bukan merupakan alasan yang sah dan dibenarkan oleh undang-undang. Pemberian THR bagi pekerja/buruh merupakan kewajiban bagi perusahaan meskipun hubungan kerja antara pekerja dan perusahaan telah berakhir sebelum hari raya keagamaan. Hal ini diatur di dalam **Pasal 7 Permenaker 6/2016** sebagai berikut. 1. _Pekerja/buruh yang hubungan kerjanya berdasarkan perjanjian kerja waktu tidak tertentu dan mengalami pemutusan hubungan kerja terhitung sejak 30 (tiga puluh) hari sebelum Hari Raya Keagamaan, berhak atas THR Keagamaan._ 2. _THR Keagamaan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) berlaku untuk tahun berjalan pada saat terjadinya pemutusan hubungan kerja oleh Pengusaha._ 3. _Ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) tidak berlaku bagi Pekerja/Buruh yang hubungan kerjanya berdasarkan perjanjian kerja waktu tertentu, yang berakhir sebelum Hari Raya Keagamaan._ Pemutusan hubungan kerja atau PHK sendiri, dapat terjadi karena pekerja/buruh mengundurkan diri atas kemauan sendiri dengan memenuhi syarat sebagaimana diatur di dalam Pasal 36 huruf i PP 35/2021. Dengan demikian, terhadap karyawan dengan perjanjian kerja waktu tidak tertentu (“PKWTT”) yang _resign_ 30 hari sebelum hari raya keagamaan, maka ia berhak mendapatkan THR. Dalam kasus suami Anda yang _resign_ per akhir Desember 2022, maka suami Anda tetap berhak atas THR Natal karena suami Anda masih menjalankan kewajibannya sebagai karyawan, bahkan ketika melewati tanggal hari raya Natal, yaitu tanggal 25 Desember 2022. Sebagai informasi, di tahun 2023, Menteri Ketenagakerjaan mengeluarkan **[SE Menaker 2/2023](https://jdih.kemnaker.go.id/asset/data_puu/2023SE002.pdf)** yang mengatur THR bagi karyawan di tahun 2023 yang menentukan bahwa THR wajib dibayarkan secara penuh dan paling lambat 7 hari sebelum hari raya keagamaan**.** Oleh karena itu, alasan perusahaan menunda pemberian THR tidak dibenarkan dikarenakan THR wajib dibayarkan kepada karyawan paling lambat 7 hari sebelum hari raya keagamaan dan dibayarkan secara penuh atau tidak dicicil. ### **Sanksi bagi Perusahaan yang Tidak Membayar THR Karyawan** Benar bahwa jika perusahaan tidak membayar THR karyawan dan hal tersebut dilaporkan, maka perusahaan akan dikenai sanksi administratif salah satunya teguran tertulis. Namun, tidak hanya teguran tertulis, perusahaan yang tidak membayarkan THR dapat dikenai sanksi administratif lain yang diatur di dalam **Pasal 79 ayat (1) PP Pengupahan**, berupa: 1. teguran tertulis; 2. pembatasan kegiatan usaha; 3. penghentian sementara sebagian atau seluruh alat produksi; dan 4. pembekuan kegiatan usaha. Selain itu, berdasarkan **Pasal 10 ayat (1) dan (2) Permenaker 6/2016**, perusahaan yang terlambat membayar THR kepada pekerja/buruh dikenai denda sebesar 5% dari total THR yang harus dibayar sejak berakhirnya batas waktu kewajiban untuk membayar. Pengenaan denda tersebut tidak menghilangkan kewajiban pengusaha untuk membayar THR kepada karyawan. Mengenai sanksi teguran tertulis, merujuk pada **Pasal 80 ayat (2) dan (3) PP Pengupahan** ditentukan bahwa teguran tertulis dituangkan dalam bentuk nota pemeriksaan berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan yang telah dilakukan oleh Pengawas Ketenagakerjaan setelah mendapatkan pengaduan dan/atau tindak lanjut dari hasil pengawasan ketenagakerjaan. Penerbitan nota pemeriksaan dilakukan secara bertahap yang terdiri dari Nota Pemeriksaan I dan Nota Pemeriksaan II,[\[2\]](#_ftn2) dimana perusahaan harus melaksanakan isi dari nota pemeriksaan tersebut yang memuat perintah kepada perusahaan untuk membayarkan hak-hak pekerja/buruh dalam jangka waktu yang ditentukan sebagai berikut.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) 1. Nota Pemeriksaan I wajib dilaksanakan oleh perusahaan **paling lama 30 hari** sejak nota pemeriksaan diterima; dan 2. Nota Pemeriksaan II wajib dilaksanakan oleh perusahaan **paling lama 14 hari** sejak Nota Pemeriksaan II diterima. Apabila sampai Nota Pemeriksaan II ternyata perusahaan tetap tidak melaksanakan kewajibannya, maka Pengawas Ketenagakerjaan akan melaporkan kepada Pimpinan Unit Pengawasan Ketenagakerjaan akan:[\[4\]](#_ftn4) 1. memerintahkan melakukan tindakan penyidikan, jika ketidakpatuhan tersebut diancam sanksi pidana; 2. mengambil tindakan hukum sesuai kewenangan yang diatur di dalam peraturan perundang-undangan; 3. menerbitkan rekomendasi kepada pejabat yang berwenang untuk mengambil tindakan hukum sesuai peraturan perundang-undangan. Dengan demikian, maka menjawab pertanyaan Anda, pemberlakuan _three month notice_ di perusahaan suami Anda tidak bisa menjadi alasan yang dibenarkan untuk menunda pemberian THR suami Anda. THR tetap wajib diberikan kepada karyawan termasuk karyawan yang akan _resign_ sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan_._ Adapun terkait dengan jangka waktu pelaksanaan teguran tertulis, maksimal 30 hari setelah Nota Pemeriksanaan I diterima atau maksimal 14 hari setelah Nota Pemeriksaan II diterima, THR sebagai kewajiban perusahaan harus sudah dibayarkan. Jika dalam jangka waktu tersebut perusahaan tidak melaksanakan kewajibannya, maka Pengawas Ketenagakerjaan akan melaporkan ke Pimpinan Unit Pengawasan Ketenagakerjaan untuk ditindak lebih lanjut. Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwibahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut [di sini](https://pro.hukumonline.com/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=cta&utm_campaign=artikel_klinik). Demikian jawaban dari kami tentang pembayaran THR karyawan yang _resign_, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 35 Tahun 2021 tentang Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tertentu, Alih Daya, Waktu Kerja dan Waktu Istirahat, dan Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt60322c341518b/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-35-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_35_2021) Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 36 Tahun 2021 tentang Pengupahan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt60322fc0d665f/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-36-tahun-2021/document?utm_medium=internal_link_klinik?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_36_2021) Peraturan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan Nomor 6 Tahun 2016 tentang Tunjangan Hari Raya Keagamaan Bagi Pekerja/Buruh di Perusahaan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt56ebc838dd535/node/157/peraturan-menteri-ketenagakerjaan-no-6-tahun-2016-tunjangan-hari-raya-keagamaan-bagi-pekerja_buruh-di-perusahaan?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=permenaker_6_2016) Peraturan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan Nomor 33 Tahun 2016 tentang Tata Cara Pengawasan Ketenagakerjaan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt584f79697652a/peraturan-menteri-ketenagakerjaan-nomor-33-tahun-2016?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=permenaker_33_2016) Peraturan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan Nomor 1 Tahun 2020 tentang Perubahan atas Peraturan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan Nomor 33 Tahun 2016 tentang Tata Cara Pengawasan Ketenagakerjaan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5e2906ae5d862/node/154/peraturan-menteri-ketenagakerjaan-nomor-1-tahun-2020?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=permenaker_1_2020) Surat Edaran Menteri Ketenagakerjaan Nomor M/2/HK.04.00/III/2023 tentang Pelaksanaan Pemberian Tunjangan Hari Raya Keagamaan Tahun 2023 bagi Pekerja/Buruh di Perusahaan [](https://jdih.kemnaker.go.id/asset/data_puu/2023SE002.pdf) * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Pasal 5 ayat (3) [Peraturan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan Nomor 6 Tahun 2016 tentang Tunjangan Hari Raya Keagamaan bagi Pekerja/Buruh di Perusahaan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt56ebc838dd535/node/157/peraturan-menteri-ketenagakerjaan-no-6-tahun-2016-tunjangan-hari-raya-keagamaan-bagi-pekerja_buruh-di-perusahaan?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=permenaker_6_2016) [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal 30 ayat (2) [Peraturan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan Nomor 1 Tahun 2020 tentang Perubahan atas Peraturan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan Nomor 33 Tahun 2016 tentang Tata Cara Pengawasan Ketenagakerjaan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5e2906ae5d862/node/154/peraturan-menteri-ketenagakerjaan-nomor-1-tahun-2020?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=permenaker_1_2020) (“Permenaker 1/2020”) [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 30 ayat (5) [Permenaker 1/2020 dan Pasal 31 ayat (3) Peraturan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan Nomor 33 Tahun 2016 tentang Tata Cara Pengawasan Ketenagakerjaan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt584f79697652a/peraturan-menteri-ketenagakerjaan-nomor-33-tahun-2016?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=permenaker_33_2016) (“Permenaker 33/2016”) [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 33 Permenaker 33/2016 Tags ---- [hukum ketenagakerjaan](/tag/hukum-ketenagakerjaan) [thr](/tag/thr) [tunjangan](/tag/tunjangan) [tunjangan hari raya](/tag/tunjangan-hari-raya)
ULASAN LENGKAPKLINIK TERKAITApa Itu KITAS/KITAP dan Cara Mengurusnya24 Okt 2023Hak Anak dari Perkawinan Campuran untuk Memiliki Rumah20 Jun 2023Permasalahan Perkawinan Campuran dan Harta Bersama19 Jul 2017Status Hukum Properti yang Dimiliki WNI Sebelum Menikah dengan WNA 06 Jul 2017Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul sama yang dibuat oleh Rano William Stefano Tewu, S.H. dari Lembaga Bantuan Hukum Mawar Saron dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Kamis, 31 Agustus 2017.Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.Pengertian Perkawinan CampuranBerdasarkan keterangan yang Anda berikan, maka perkawinan Anda adalah perkawinan campuran karena Anda sebagai Warga Negara Indonesia (“WNI”) menikah dengan Warga Negara Asing (“WNA”) di Indonesia. Perkawinan campuran atau mixed marriage juga dikenal sebagai perkawinan antar warga negara, dimana sebuah perkawinan dilatarbelakangi oleh berbagai macam perbedaan, yaitu salah satunya adalah perbedaan kebangsaan.[1]Perkawinan campuran diatur dalam Pasal 57 UU Perkawinan yang berbunyi:Yang dimaksud dengan perkawinan campuran dalam Undang-undang ini ialah perkawinan antara dua orang yang di Indonesia tunduk pada hukum yang berlainan, karena perbedaan kewarganegaraan dan salah satu pihak berkewarganegaraan Indonesia.Kemudian Pasal 60 ayat (1), (2), dan (3) UU Perkawinan menyatakan bahwa: Perkawinan campuran tidak dapat dilangsungkan sebelum terbukti bahwa syarat-syarat perkawinan yang ditentukan oleh hukum yang berlaku bagi pihak masing-masing telah dipenuhi.Untuk membuktikan bahwa syarat-syarat tersebut dalam ayat (1)telah dipenuhi dan karena itu tidak ada rintangan untuk melangsungkan perkawinan campuran, maka oleh mereka yang menurut hukum yang berlaku bagi pihak masing-masing berwenang mencatat perkawinan, diberikan surat keterangan bahwa syarat-syarat telah dipenuhi.Jika pejabat yang bersangkutan menolak untuk memberikan surat keterangan itu, maka atas permintaan yang berkepentingan, Pengadilan memberikan keputusan dengan tidak beracara serta tidak boleh dimintakan banding lagi tentang soal apakah penolakan pemberian surat keterangan itu beralasan atau tidak.Kami mengasumsikan bahwa perkawinan campuran yang Anda lakukan telah memenuhi syarat-syarat perkawinan sebagaimana yang berlaku di Indonesia dan tidak ada rintangan dalam melangsungkan perkawinan campuran, sehingga seharusnya Anda telah menerima surat keterangan dari pegawai pencatat perkawinan yang menyatakan bahwa benar syarat telah terpenuhi dan tidak ada rintangan dalam melangsungkan perkawinan. Kemungkinan lain, apabila petugas pencatat perkawinan menolak memberikan surat keterangan, maka Anda telah menerima keputusan dari Pengadilan yang menyatakan bahwa penolakan surat keterangan dari pegawai pencatat perkawinan itu tidak beralasan.Pencatatan Perkawinan CampuranLebih lanjut, berdasarkan Pasal 61 ayat (1) UU Perkawinan, perkawinan campuran dicatat oleh pegawai pencatat yang berwenang. Kemudian, Pasal 2 ayat (1) PP 9/1975 menyatakan bahwa:Pencatatan perkawinan dari mereka yang melangsungkan perkawinannya menurut agama Islam, dilakukan oleh pegawai pencatat sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Undang-undang Nomor 32 Tahun 1954 tentang Pencatatan Nikah, Talak dan Rujuk.Maka, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pencatatan perkawinan menurut agama Islam dilakukan oleh pegawai pencatat, yang mana berdasarkan Pasal 2 ayat (2) Permenag 20/2019 dilakukan oleh Kepala Kantor Urusan Agama (“KUA”) Kecamatan atau Pegawai Pencatat Nikah Luar Negeri (“PPN LN”).Pernikahan antara seorang pria dengan seorang wanita beragama Islam yang berbeda kewarganegaraan salah satunya berkewarganegaraan Indonesia dicatat pada KUA Kecamatan atau kantor perwakilan Republik Indonesia di luar negeri.[2]Sebagai informasi, Kepala KUA Kecamatan adalah penghulu yang diberi tugas tambahan sebagai Kepala KUA Kecamatan.[3] Terdapat juga Pembantu Pegawai Pencatat Nikah (“PPPN”) yaitu pegawai aparatur sipil negara atau anggota masyarakat yang ditugaskan untuk membantu Penghulu dalam menghadiri peristiwa nikah.[4] Sehingga, menjawab pertanyaan Anda, perkawinan campuran yang Anda lakukan di KUA Bandung tidak perlu diregistrasikan kembali ke Catatan Sipil, karena bagi yang menganut agama Islam dicatatkan pada KUA.Update KTP untuk WNI, Penerbitan KK, dan Penerbitan KTP untuk WNASelanjutnya, terkait pertanyaan lainnya mengenai update status perkawinan Anda di Kartu Tanda Penduduk (“KTP”) dari “belum kawin” menjadi “kawin”, hal tersebut merupakan perubahan data, yang akan kami jelaskan sebagai berikut.Update KTP untuk WNIPenerbitan KTP Elektronik (“KTP-el”) karena perubahan data bagi penduduk WNI atau Penduduk Orang Asing yang memiliki izin tinggal tetap harus memenuhi persyaratan:[5] Kartu Keluarga (“KK”);KTP-el lama;kartu izin tinggal tetap; dansurat keterangan/bukti perubahan peristiwa kependudukan dan peristiwa penting.Penerbitan KKPenerbitan KK baru untuk Penduduk WNI harus memenuhi persyaratan sebagai berikut:[6]buku nikah/kutipan akta perkawinan atau kutipan akta perceraian;surat keterangan pindah/ surat keterangan pindah datang bagi Penduduk yang pindah dalam wilayah Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia;surat keterangan pindah luar negeri yang diterbitkan oleh Disdukcapil Kabupaten / Kota bagi WNI yang datang dari luar wilayah Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia karena pindah;surat keterangan pengganti tanda identitas bagi Penduduk rentan Administrasi Kependudukan; danPetikan Keputusan Presiden tentang pewarganegaraan dan berita acara pengucapan sumpah atau pernyataan janji setia bagi Penduduk WNI yang semula berkewarganegaraan asing atau petikan Keputusan Menteri yang menyelenggarakan urusan pemerintahan di bidang hukum tentang perubahan status kewarganegaraan.Sedangkan, penerbitan KK baru untuk Penduduk Orang Asing harus memenuhi persyaratan berikut:[7]izin tinggal tetap;buku nikah/kutipan akta perkawinan atau kutipan akta perceraian atau yang disebut dengan nama lain; dansurat keterangan pindah bagi penduduk yang pindah dalam wilayah Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia.Mengenai Kartu Izin Tinggal Tetap (“KITAP”) dapat Anda baca selengkapnya pada Apa Itu KITAS/KITAP dan Cara Mengurusnya. Sedangkan, surat keterangan pindah datang digunakan sebagai dasar penerbitan KK, KTP, atau Surat Keterangan Tempat Tinggal bagi Orang Asing yang bersangkutan.[8] Penerbitan KTP untuk WNAPenerbitan KTP-el baru bagi Penduduk Orang Asing yang memiliki izin tinggal tetap harus memenuhi persyaratan:[9] telah berusia 17 (tujuh belas) tahun, sudah kawin, atau pernah kawin;KK;Dokumen Perjalanan; dankartu izin tinggal tetap.Sebagai informasi, pelayanan Pendaftaran Penduduk dan Pencatatan Sipil pada Disdukcapil Kabupaten/ Kota dan UPT Disdukcapil Kabupaten/ Kota dan Perwakilan Republik Indonesia dilaksanakan melalui tahapan pelaporan, verifikasi dan validasi, perekaman data, dan pencatatan dan/atau penerbitan dokumen.[10] Selengkapnya mengenai tata cara pendaftaran penduduk dan pencatatan sipil, Anda dapat membaca Pasal 62 sampai Pasal 72 Perpres 96/2018.Baca juga: Mau Menikah dengan WNA? Begini Prosedur dan Risiko Hukumnya!Kesimpulannya, perkawinan campuran atau mixed marriage adalah perkawinan antar warga negara, dimana perkawinan dilatarbelakangi oleh perbedaan kebangsaan. Setelah melangsungkan perkawinan, terdapat update status perkawinan di KTP WNI dari “belum kawin” menjadi “kawin”, yang merupakan perubahan data. Namun, selain update KTP WNI, jika Anda menikah dengan WNA, maka terdapat juga penerbitan KK dan KTP baru bagi WNA yang salah satu syaratnya adalah kepemilikan KITAP.Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat.DASAR HUKUMUndang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang PerkawinanUndang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang PerkawinanUndang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2006 tentang Administrasi KependudukanUndang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2013 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2006 tentang Administrasi KependudukanPeraturan Pemerintah Nomor 9 Tahun 1975 tentang Pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang PerkawinanPeraturan Presiden Nomor 96 Tahun 2018 tentang Persyaratan dan Tata Cara Pendaftaran Penduduk dan Pencatatan SipilPeraturan Menteri Agama Nomor 20 Tahun 2019 tentang Pencatatan PernikahanREFERENSIEka Susilowati (et.al). Tinjauan Yuridis Perkawinan Campuran Antara WNI dan WNA. Jurnal Mahasiswa Karakter Bangsa, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2022.[1] Eka Susilowati (et.al). Tinjauan Yuridis Perkawinan Campuran Antara WNI dan WNA. Jurnal Mahasiswa Karakter Bangsa, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2022, hal. 55.[2] Pasal 26 Peraturan Menteri Agama Nomor 20 Tahun 2019 tentang Pencatatan Pernikahan (“Permenag 20/2019”).[3] Pasal 1 angka 7 Permenag 20/2019.[4] Pasal 1 angka 8 Permenag 20/2019.[5] Pasal 19 Peraturan Presiden Nomor 96 Tahun 2018 tentang Persyaratan dan Tata Cara Pendaftaran Penduduk dan Pencatatan Sipil (“Perpres 96/2018”).[6] Pasal 11 ayat (1) Perpres 96/2018.[7] Pasal 11 ayat (2) Perpres 96/2018.[8] Pasal 17 ayat (4) Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2006 tentang Administrasi Kependudukan  (“UU 23/2006”).[9] Pasal 16 Perpres 96/2018.[10] Pasal 63 Perpres 96/2018.Tagsgooglehukumhukumonlineimigrasikartu keluargakeluarga dan perkawinankkklinik hukumonlinektpkuaperkawinan campuranwarga negara asingwarga negara indonesia
Saya baru saja melangsungkan pernikahan campuran dengan pria WNA asal Inggris di Indonesia secara muslim di KUA Bandung. KTP saya adalah KTP Jakarta. Karena tempat kerja saya di Bandung dan keluarga saya berasal dari Tasikmalaya, maka saya melangsungkan pernikahan di Bandung dengan proses numpang menikah di KUA Bandung. Pertanyaan saya adalah: Pernikahan campuran yang sudah saya proses di KUA Bandung, apakah perlu diregistrasikan lagi ke Catatan Sipil atau tidak? Jika iya, harus diregistrasi di Catatan Sipil mana, Bandung atau Jakarta? Mohon petunjuk untuk prosedur proses update status perkawinan saya di KTP, serta apakah benar Kartu Keluarga nanti harus dibuat surat domisili untuk suami saya dulu, padahal dia tidak menetap di Indonesia? Dan bagaimana prosedur pembuatan KTP untuk suami saya? Terima kasih banyak sebelumnya.
Perkawinan campuran adalah perkawinan yang dilatarbelakangi oleh perbedaan warga negara. Lantas, apakah perkawinan campuran yang dilaksanakan di Kantor Urusan Agama (“KUA”) wajib diregistrasikan pada Kantor Catatan Sipil? Kemudian, bagaimana syarat update Kantor Tanda Penduduk (“KTP”) untuk Warga Negara Indonesia (“WNI”) serta penerbitan Kartu Keluarga (“KK”) dan KTP untuk Warga Negara Asing (“WNA”)? Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Apa Itu KITAS/KITAP dan Cara Mengurusnya24 Okt 2023Hak Anak dari Perkawinan Campuran untuk Memiliki Rumah20 Jun 2023Permasalahan Perkawinan Campuran dan Harta Bersama19 Jul 2017Status Hukum Properti yang Dimiliki WNI Sebelum Menikah dengan WNA 06 Jul 2017Apa Itu KITAS/KITAP dan Cara Mengurusnya24 Okt 2023Hak Anak dari Perkawinan Campuran untuk Memiliki Rumah20 Jun 2023Permasalahan Perkawinan Campuran dan Harta Bersama19 Jul 2017Status Hukum Properti yang Dimiliki WNI Sebelum Menikah dengan WNA 06 Jul 2017Ingin Rujuk, Begini Cara Cabut Gugatan Cerai di Pengadilan1 Sep 2023Cara Pindah Kewarganegaraan WNI Menjadi WNA25 Mar 2024Mau Melaporkan Tindak Pidana ke Polisi? Begini Prosedurnya21 Des 2022Ingin Rujuk, Begini Cara Cabut Gugatan Cerai di Pengadilan1 Sep 2023Cara Pindah Kewarganegaraan WNI Menjadi WNA25 Mar 2024Mau Melaporkan Tindak Pidana ke Polisi? Begini Prosedurnya21 Des 2022
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/prosedur-penerbitan-kk-dan-ktp-bagi-wna-yang-menikah-dengan-wni-lt59648d2c92064/
Prosedur Penerbitan KK dan KTP Bagi WNA yang Menikah dengan WNI
pages/150/page-8.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Apa Itu KITAS/KITAP dan Cara Mengurusnya ](/klinik/a/apa-itu-kitas-kitap-dan-cara-mengurusnya-lt4cca43416d462/) ![Apa Itu KITAS/KITAP dan Cara Mengurusnya](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt4cca43416d462/thumbnail_lt648af3a0c045d.jpg) 24 Okt 2023 [ #### Hak Anak dari Perkawinan Campuran untuk Memiliki Rumah ](/klinik/a/hak-anak-dari-perkawinan-campuran-untuk-memiliki-rumah-cl4623/) ![Hak Anak dari Perkawinan Campuran untuk Memiliki Rumah](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/cl4623/thumbnail_lt596723e236874.jpg) 20 Jun 2023 [ #### Permasalahan Perkawinan Campuran dan Harta Bersama ](/klinik/a/permasalahan-perkawinan-campuran-dan-harta-bersama-lt4c529ced60c02/) ![Permasalahan Perkawinan Campuran dan Harta Bersama](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt4c529ced60c02/thumbnail_lt596f082aaf177.jpg) 19 Jul 2017 [ #### Status Hukum Properti yang Dimiliki WNI Sebelum Menikah dengan WNA ](/klinik/a/hak-atas-property-dalam-perkawinan-campuran-lt503e4c88d6153/) ![Status Hukum Properti yang Dimiliki WNI Sebelum Menikah dengan WNA ](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt503e4c88d6153/thumbnail_lt595dc1eab60b4.jpg) 06 Jul 2017 [](#!) Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul sama yang dibuat oleh** **[Rano William Stefano Tewu, S.H.](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/lembaga-bantuan-hukum-mawar-saron-lt4ddc7a184bdfe/rano-william-stefano-tewu-s-h--lt59a78ba0e0886)** **dari** **[Lembaga Bantuan Hukum Mawar Saron](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/lembaga-bantuan-hukum-mawar-saron-lt4ddc7a184bdfe)** **dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Kamis, 31 Agustus 2017.** Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Pengertian Perkawinan Campuran** Berdasarkan keterangan yang Anda berikan, maka perkawinan Anda adalah perkawinan campuran karena Anda sebagai Warga Negara Indonesia (“WNI”) menikah dengan Warga Negara Asing (“WNA”) di Indonesia. Perkawinan campuran atau _mixed marriage_ juga dikenal sebagai perkawinan antar warga negara, dimana sebuah perkawinan dilatarbelakangi oleh berbagai macam perbedaan, yaitu salah satunya adalah perbedaan kebangsaan.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Perkawinan campuran diatur dalam **Pasal 57** **[UU Perkawinan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26834/undangundang-nomor-1-tahun-1974/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_1_1974)** yang berbunyi: _Yang dimaksud dengan perkawinan campuran dalam Undang-undang ini ialah perkawinan antara dua orang yang di Indonesia tunduk pada hukum yang berlainan, karena perbedaan kewarganegaraan dan salah satu pihak berkewarganegaraan Indonesia._ Kemudian **Pasal 60** **a****yat (1), (2)****,** **dan (3) UU Perkawinan** menyatakan bahwa:  1. _Perkawinan campuran tidak dapat dilangsungkan sebelum terbukti bahwa syarat-syarat perkawinan yang ditentukan oleh hukum yang berlaku bagi pihak masing-masing telah dipenuhi._ 2. _Untuk membuktikan bahwa syarat-syarat tersebut dalam ayat (1)telah dipenuhi dan karena itu tidak ada rintangan untuk melangsungkan perkawinan campuran, maka oleh mereka yang menurut hukum yang berlaku bagi pihak masing-masing berwenang mencatat perkawinan, diberikan surat keterangan bahwa syarat-syarat telah dipenuhi._ 3. _Jika pejabat yang bersangkutan menolak untuk memberikan surat keterangan itu, maka atas permintaan yang berkepentingan, Pengadilan memberikan keputusan dengan tidak beracara serta tidak boleh dimintakan banding lagi tentang soal apakah penolakan pemberian surat keterangan itu beralasan atau tidak._ Kami mengasumsikan bahwa perkawinan campuran yang Anda lakukan telah memenuhi syarat-syarat perkawinan sebagaimana yang berlaku di Indonesia dan tidak ada rintangan dalam melangsungkan perkawinan campuran, sehingga seharusnya Anda telah menerima surat keterangan dari pegawai pencatat perkawinan yang menyatakan bahwa benar syarat telah terpenuhi dan tidak ada rintangan dalam melangsungkan perkawinan. Kemungkinan lain, apabila petugas pencatat perkawinan menolak memberikan surat keterangan, maka Anda telah menerima keputusan dari Pengadilan yang menyatakan bahwa penolakan surat keterangan dari pegawai pencatat perkawinan itu tidak beralasan. ### **Pencatatan Perkawinan Campuran** Lebih lanjut, berdasarkan **Pasal 61** **a****yat (1) UU Perkawinan**, perkawinan campuran dicatat oleh pegawai pencatat yang berwenang. Kemudian, **Pasal 2** **a****yat (1)** **[PP 9/1975](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/1700/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-9-tahun-1975?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=PP_9_1975)** menyatakan bahwa: _Pencatatan perkawinan dari mereka yang melangsungkan perkawinannya menurut agama Islam, dilakukan oleh_ _p__egawai_ _p__encatat_ _sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Undang-undang Nomor 32 Tahun 1954 tentang Pencatatan Nikah, Talak dan Rujuk._ Maka, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pencatatan perkawinan menurut agama Islam dilakukan oleh pegawai pencatat, yang mana berdasarkan **Pasal 2** **ayat (2)** **[Permenag 20/2019](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5dba860d110ba/peraturan-menteri-agama-nomor-20-tahun-2019?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=permenag_20_2019)** dilakukan oleh Kepala Kantor Urusan Agama (“KUA”) Kecamatan atau Pegawai Pencatat Nikah Luar Negeri (“PPN LN”). Pernikahan antara seorang pria dengan seorang wanita beragama Islam yang berbeda kewarganegaraan salah satunya berkewarganegaraan Indonesia dicatat pada KUA Kecamatan atau kantor perwakilan Republik Indonesia di luar negeri.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Sebagai informasi, Kepala KUA Kecamatan adalah penghulu yang diberi tugas tambahan sebagai Kepala KUA Kecamatan.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Terdapat juga Pembantu Pegawai Pencatat Nikah (“PPPN”) yaitu pegawai aparatur sipil negara atau anggota masyarakat yang ditugaskan untuk membantu Penghulu dalam menghadiri peristiwa nikah.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) Sehingga, menjawab pertanyaan Anda, perkawinan campuran yang Anda lakukan di KUA Bandung tidak perlu diregistrasikan kembali ke Catatan Sipil, karena bagi yang menganut agama Islam dicatatkan pada KUA. ### **_Update_** **KTP untuk WNI, Penerbitan KK, dan Penerbitan KTP untuk WNA** Selanjutnya, terkait pertanyaan lainnya mengenai _update_ status perkawinan Anda di Kartu Tanda Penduduk (“KTP”) dari “belum kawin” menjadi “kawin”, hal tersebut merupakan perubahan data, yang akan kami jelaskan sebagai berikut. **_Update_** **KTP untuk WNI** Penerbitan KTP Elektronik (“KTP-el”) karena perubahan data bagi penduduk WNI atau Penduduk Orang Asing yang memiliki izin tinggal tetap harus memenuhi persyaratan:[\[5\]](#_ftn5) 1. Kartu Keluarga (“KK”); 2. KTP-el lama; 3. kartu izin tinggal tetap; dan 4. surat keterangan/bukti perubahan peristiwa kependudukan dan peristiwa penting. **Penerbitan KK** Penerbitan KK baru untuk Penduduk WNI harus memenuhi persyaratan sebagai berikut:[\[6\]](#_ftn6) 1. buku nikah/kutipan akta perkawinan atau kutipan akta perceraian; 2. surat keterangan pindah/ surat keterangan pindah datang bagi Penduduk yang pindah dalam wilayah Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia; 3. surat keterangan pindah luar negeri yang diterbitkan oleh Disdukcapil Kabupaten / Kota bagi WNI yang datang dari luar wilayah Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia karena pindah; 4. surat keterangan pengganti tanda identitas bagi Penduduk rentan Administrasi Kependudukan; dan 5. Petikan Keputusan Presiden tentang pewarganegaraan dan berita acara pengucapan sumpah atau pernyataan janji setia bagi Penduduk WNI yang semula berkewarganegaraan asing atau petikan Keputusan Menteri yang menyelenggarakan urusan pemerintahan di bidang hukum tentang perubahan status kewarganegaraan. Sedangkan, penerbitan KK baru untuk Penduduk Orang Asing harus memenuhi persyaratan berikut:[\[7\]](#_ftn7) 1. izin tinggal tetap; 2. buku nikah/kutipan akta perkawinan atau kutipan akta perceraian atau yang disebut dengan nama lain; dan 3. surat keterangan pindah bagi penduduk yang pindah dalam wilayah Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Mengenai Kartu Izin Tinggal Tetap (“KITAP”) dapat Anda baca selengkapnya pada **[Apa Itu KITAS/KITAP dan Cara Mengurusnya](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/apa-itu-kitas-kitap-dan-cara-mengurusnya-lt4cca43416d462?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=apa_itu_kitas_kitap_cara_mengurusnya)**. Sedangkan, surat keterangan pindah datang digunakan sebagai dasar penerbitan KK, KTP, atau Surat Keterangan Tempat Tinggal bagi Orang Asing yang bersangkutan.[\[8\]](#_ftn8) **Penerbitan KTP untuk WNA** Penerbitan KTP-el baru bagi Penduduk Orang Asing yang memiliki izin tinggal tetap harus memenuhi persyaratan:[\[9\]](#_ftn9) 1. telah berusia 17 (tujuh belas) tahun, sudah kawin, atau pernah kawin; 2. KK; 3. Dokumen Perjalanan; dan 4. kartu izin tinggal tetap. Sebagai informasi, pelayanan Pendaftaran Penduduk dan Pencatatan Sipil pada Disdukcapil Kabupaten/ Kota dan UPT Disdukcapil Kabupaten/ Kota dan Perwakilan Republik Indonesia dilaksanakan melalui tahapan pelaporan, verifikasi dan validasi, perekaman data, dan pencatatan dan/atau penerbitan dokumen.[\[10\]](#_ftn10) Selengkapnya mengenai tata cara pendaftaran penduduk dan pencatatan sipil, Anda dapat membaca **Pasal 62 sampai Pasal 72 [Perpres 96/2018](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5bd96b5e9e94d/peraturan-presiden-nomor-96-tahun-2018?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perpres_96_2018)**. Baca juga: **[Mau Menikah dengan WNA? Begini Prosedur dan Risiko Hukumnya!](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/mau-menikah-dengan-wna-begini-prosedur-dan-risiko-hukumnya-cl54?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=mau_menikah_wna_begini_prosedur)** Kesimpulannya, perkawinan campuran atau _mixed marriage_ adalah perkawinan antar warga negara, dimana perkawinan dilatarbelakangi oleh perbedaan kebangsaan. Setelah melangsungkan perkawinan, terdapat _update_ status perkawinan di KTP WNI dari “belum kawin” menjadi “kawin”, yang merupakan perubahan data. Namun, selain _update_ KTP WNI, jika Anda menikah dengan WNA, maka terdapat juga penerbitan KK dan KTP baru bagi WNA yang salah satu syaratnya adalah kepemilikan KITAP. Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26834/undangundang-nomor-1-tahun-1974/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_1_1974) Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5dafedf4cd014/undang-undang-nomor-16-tahun-2019?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_16_2019) Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2006 tentang Administrasi Kependudukan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26195/node/758/undangundang-nomor-23-tahun-2006?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_23_2006) Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2013 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2006 tentang Administrasi Kependudukan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt52e8dd4cb6d80/node/758/uu-no-24-tahun-2013-perubahan-atas-undang-undang-nomor-23-tahun-2006-tentang-administrasikependudukan?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_24_2013) Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 9 Tahun 1975 tentang Pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/1700/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-9-tahun-1975?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=PP_9_1975) Peraturan Presiden Nomor 96 Tahun 2018 tentang Persyaratan dan Tata Cara Pendaftaran Penduduk dan Pencatatan Sipil [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5bd96b5e9e94d/peraturan-presiden-nomor-96-tahun-2018?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perpres_96_2018) Peraturan Menteri Agama Nomor 20 Tahun 2019 tentang Pencatatan Pernikahan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5dba860d110ba/peraturan-menteri-agama-nomor-20-tahun-2019?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=permenag_20_2019) REFERENSI --------- Eka Susilowati _(et.al). Tinjauan Yuridis Perkawinan Campuran Antara WNI dan WNA_. Jurnal Mahasiswa Karakter Bangsa, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2022. * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Eka Susilowati _(et.al). Tinjauan Yuridis Perkawinan Campuran Antara WNI dan WNA_. Jurnal Mahasiswa Karakter Bangsa, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2022, hal. 55. [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal 26 [Peraturan Menteri Agama Nomor 20 Tahun 2019 tentang Pencatatan Pernikahan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5dba860d110ba/peraturan-menteri-agama-nomor-20-tahun-2019?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=permenag_20_2019) (“Permenag 20/2019”). [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 1 angka 7 Permenag 20/2019. [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 1 angka 8 Permenag 20/2019. [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Pasal 19 [Peraturan Presiden Nomor 96 Tahun 2018 tentang Persyaratan dan Tata Cara Pendaftaran Penduduk dan Pencatatan Sipil](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5bd96b5e9e94d/peraturan-presiden-nomor-96-tahun-2018?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perpres_96_2018) (“Perpres 96/2018”). [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Pasal 11 ayat (1) Perpres 96/2018. [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Pasal 11 ayat (2) Perpres 96/2018. [\[8\]](#_ftnref8) Pasal 17 ayat (4) [Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2006 tentang Administrasi Kependudukan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26195/node/758/undangundang-nomor-23-tahun-2006?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_23_2006)  (“UU 23/2006”). [\[9\]](#_ftnref9) Pasal 16 Perpres 96/2018. [\[10\]](#_ftnref10) Pasal 63 Perpres 96/2018. 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ULASAN LENGKAPThis article is an English translation of Bolehkah Nikah Beda Agama di Indonesia? Ini Hukumnya which was written by Justika.com and was published on Thursday, 30 March 2023.This article below is an update of the article entitled Interfaith Marriage According to Indonesian Law (Kawin Beda Agama Menurut Hukum Indonesia), which was first written by Diana Kusumasari, S.H., M.H. and was first published on 4 March 2011, and first updated on Wednesday, 29 December 2021.All legal information available on Klinik hukumonline.com has been prepared for educational purposes only and is general in nature (read the complete Disclaimer). In order to obtain legal advice specific to your case, please consult with Justika Partner Consultant.In order to answer your question, regarding interfaith marriage law, we will refer to the legal requirements of marriage as set out in Law 1/1974 a.k.a Marriage Law, specifically:[1]Marriage is valid/legal if it is conducted according to their respective religions and beliefs; andEvery marriage shall be recorded in accordance with the prevailing laws and regulations.Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas In answer to your question regarding whether interfaith marriages are allowed, basically, Marriage Law in Indonesia does not specifically regulate the marriage of interfaith couples so there is a legal vacuum in relation to it.The requirements for a valid marriage are marriages conducted in accordance with their religion and beliefs as regulated in Article 2 section (1) Law 1/1974. This means that the Marriage Law submits to the teachings of their respective religions related to interfaith marriage law.Law of Interfaith Marriage According to IslamMajelis Agama Tingkat Pusat (“MATP”) or known as Central Level Religious Council has also regulated interfaith marriage. MATP has given full authority to each religion in order to determine the provisions of their respective marriages in accordance with the teachings of the religion. This includes interfaith marriage laws.The reason is the problems that often occur due to the question of whether the religion of each party allows for interfaith marriage. For example, under the teachings of Islam, women are not allowed to marry men who are not Muslim (Al Baqarah [2]: 221).Is Interfaith Marriage Allowed?In this case, because you as the male party are a Muslim man, and in Islam, it is still permissible to marry of different religions if the man is Muslim and the woman is of another religion. However, it is important to note that in Catholic (your spouse's religion) interfaith marriage is prohibited in principle.However, in practice, interfaith marriages may occur in Indonesia. Professor of Civil Law at the University of Indonesia, Prof. Wahyono Darmabrata, describes 4 popular ways that interfaith couples take in order to have their marriages held, as follows.Request a court order.Marriage is performed according to each religion.Temporary submission to any of the religious laws.Married abroad.Furthermore, the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court, namely the Decision of the Supreme Court Number 1400K/PDT/1896 clarified that the Civil Registration Office was permitted to hold interfaith marriages. This case started from a marriage that was being registered by a Muslim woman with a Protestant Christian partner.In its decision, the Supreme Court stated that by submitting the marriage registration at the Civil Registration Office, it had chosen not to take place according to the Islamic religion. Thus, the applicant will no longer consider her religious status (Islam), then the Civil Registration Office must perform and register the marriage as a result of an interfaith marriage which is held.In this case, if you wish to register your marriage at the Civil Registration Office, then based on the Supreme Court Decision, you may choose to submit yourself and enter into a non-Islamic marriage. Then, if your marriage registration application is granted by the Civil Registration Office, then your marriage is valid according to the law.Enrich your legal research with the latest bilingual legal analysis, as well as the collection of regulatory translations integrated into Hukumonline Pro, click here to learn more.These are the answers we can provide, we hope you will find them useful.Legal Basis:Law Number 1 of 1974 on Marriage as amended by Law Number 16 of 2019 on the Amendment to Law Number 1 of 1974 on Marriage;Regulation of the Government Number 9 of 1975 on the Implementing Regulation of Law Number 1 of 1974 on Marriage.Court Decision:Decision of the Supreme Court Number 1400K/PDT/1896.[1] Article 2 Law Number 1 of 1974 on Marriage.Tagsklinik english edition
I am an employee of a bank (23 y.o./male/Islam), and I currently have a girlfriend (22 y.o./woman/Catholic). However, we have interfaith issues in order to continue our relationship to the level of marriage, while we want to remain steadfast in our respective religions. Can we still get married, even though we have different religions? If so, what procedure should we follow? This is because if you follow the method of an interfaith marriage conducted by celebrities, you must go abroad. Obviously, we can't. Moreover, I have read that there was already a jurisprudence from the Supreme Court that interfaith marriages could be registered in the civil registry and are valid/legal. Is this true? Thank you for your help.
When asked whether interfaith marriages are permissible, the short answer is that basically, Indonesian marriage law does not specifically address the marriage of interfaith couples. However, there is a jurisprudence on the Decision of the Supreme Court Number 1400K/PDT/1896 which may be a reference that allows interfaith marriages to be registered at the Civil Registration Office. Please read the review below for a further explanation. Jika Polisi Menolak Laporan Masyarakat, Lakukan Ini15 Jan 2024Somasi: Pengertian, Dasar Hukum, dan Cara Membuatnya 7 Jun 2023Tips Agar Terhindar dari Jebakan Saham Gorengan15 Agu 2023Jika Polisi Menolak Laporan Masyarakat, Lakukan Ini15 Jan 2024Somasi: Pengertian, Dasar Hukum, dan Cara Membuatnya 7 Jun 2023Tips Agar Terhindar dari Jebakan Saham Gorengan15 Agu 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/is-interfaith-marriage-allowed-in-indonesia-this-is-the-law-lt642aa9e75bff2/
Is Interfaith Marriage Allowed in Indonesia? This is the Law
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- This article is an English translation of [**_Bolehkah Nikah Beda Agama di Indonesia? Ini Hukumnya_**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/nikah-beda-agama-cl290?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=bolehkah_nikah_beda_agama) which was written by [**Justika.com**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/justikacom-lt598bd6250c908/justikacom-lt598bd73d39ff9) and was published on Thursday, 30 March 2023. **This article below is an update of the article entitled Interfaith Marriage According to Indonesian Law _(Kawin Beda Agama Menurut Hukum Indonesia)_, which was first written by** [**Diana Kusumasari, S.H., M.H.**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/penjawab/lt4d37c414e08df/mitra/lt4b457ff0c3e1b/diana-kusumasari--sh--mh/) **and was first published on 4 March 2011, and first updated on Wednesday, 29 December 2021.** All legal information available on Klinik hukumonline.com has been prepared for educational purposes only and is general in nature (read the complete [**Disclaimer**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer)). In order to obtain legal advice specific to your case, please consult with [**Justika Partner Consultant**](https://www.justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). In order to answer your question, regarding interfaith marriage law, we will refer to the legal requirements of marriage as set out in [**Law 1/1974**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26834/undangundang-nomor-1-tahun-1974/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_1_1974) a.k.a **Marriage Law**, specifically:[\[1\]](#_ftn1) 1. Marriage is valid/legal if it is conducted according to their respective religions and beliefs; and 2. Every marriage shall be recorded in accordance with the prevailing laws and regulations. Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) In answer to your question regarding whether interfaith marriages are allowed, basically, Marriage Law in Indonesia does not specifically regulate the marriage of interfaith couples so there is a legal vacuum in relation to it. The requirements for a valid marriage are marriages conducted in accordance with their religion and beliefs as regulated in **Article 2 section (1) Law 1/1974**. This means that the Marriage Law submits to the teachings of their respective religions related to interfaith marriage law. ### **Law of Interfaith Marriage According to Islam** _Majelis Agama Tingkat Pusat_ (“MATP”) or known as Central Level Religious Council has also regulated interfaith marriage. MATP has given full authority to each religion in order to determine the provisions of their respective marriages in accordance with the teachings of the religion. This includes interfaith marriage laws. The reason is the problems that often occur due to the question of whether the religion of each party allows for interfaith marriage. For example, under the teachings of Islam, women are not allowed to marry men who are not Muslim (Al Baqarah \[2\]: 221). ### **Is Interfaith Marriage Allowed?** In this case, because you as the male party are a Muslim man, and in Islam, it is still permissible to marry of different religions if the man is Muslim and the woman is of another religion. However, it is important to note that in Catholic (your spouse's religion) interfaith marriage is prohibited in principle. However, in practice, interfaith marriages may occur in Indonesia. Professor of Civil Law at the University of Indonesia, **Prof. Wahyono Darmabrata**, describes 4 popular ways that interfaith couples take in order to have their marriages held, as follows. 1. Request a court order. 2. Marriage is performed according to each religion. 3. Temporary submission to any of the religious laws. 4. Married abroad. Furthermore, the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court, namely the **[Decision of the Supreme Court Number 1400K/PDT/1896](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/23324/putusan-mahkamah-agung-nomor-1400kpdt1986/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=MA_1400_1986)** clarified that the Civil Registration Office was permitted to hold interfaith marriages. This case started from a marriage that was being registered by a Muslim woman with a Protestant Christian partner. In its decision, the Supreme Court stated that by submitting the marriage registration at the Civil Registration Office, it had chosen not to take place according to the Islamic religion. Thus, the applicant will no longer consider her religious status (Islam), then the Civil Registration Office must perform and register the marriage as a result of an interfaith marriage which is held. In this case, if you wish to register your marriage at the Civil Registration Office, then based on the Supreme Court Decision, you may choose to submit yourself and enter into a non-Islamic marriage. Then, if your marriage registration application is granted by the Civil Registration Office, then your marriage is valid according to the law. Enrich your legal research with the latest bilingual legal analysis, as well as the collection of regulatory translations integrated into Hukumonline Pro, click [**here**](https://pro.hukumonline.com/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=cta&utm_campaign=artikel_klinik) to learn more. These are the answers we can provide, we hope you will find them useful. Legal Basis: 1. [Law Number 1 of 1974 on Marriage](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26834/undangundang-nomor-1-tahun-1974/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_1_1974) as amended by [Law Number 16 of 2019 on the Amendment to Law Number 1 of 1974 on Marriage](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5dafedf4cd014?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_16_2019); 2. [Regulation of the Government Number 9 of 1975 on the Implementing Regulation of Law Number 1 of 1974 on Marriage](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/1700/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-9-tahun-1975?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=PP_9_1975). Court Decision: [Decision of the Supreme Court Number 1400K/PDT/1896](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/23324/putusan-mahkamah-agung-nomor-1400kpdt1986/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=MA_1400_1986). * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Article 2 [Law Number 1 of 1974 on Marriage](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26834/undangundang-nomor-1-tahun-1974/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_1_1974). Tags ---- [klinik english edition](/tag/klinik-english-edition)
ULASAN LENGKAPThis article is an English translation of Mengapa Indonesia Tidak Memiliki Hubungan Diplomatik dengan Israel? which was written by Renata Christha Auli, S.H., and was published on Friday, 31 March 2023.All legal information available on Klinik hukumonline.com has been prepared for educational purposes only and is general in nature (read the complete Disclaimer). In order to obtain legal advice specific to your case, please consult with Justika Partner Consultant.The Definition of Diplomatic LawPrior to answering the crux of your question, it is best if we first understand what diplomacy is. The term diploma comes from Latin and Greek which can be interpreted as a certificate/letter of trust. Diplomacy terminology has now been transformed into diplomat, diplomacy, and diplomatic.[1] Sumaryo Suryokusumo explained that diplomacy is a political activity and is a part of international activities which influence each other and are complex, by involving governments and international organizations in order to achieve their objectives.[2]Diplomatic definition or diplomatik according to the Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia or the official dictionary of the Indonesian language, is the official relationship between states or countries. From this understanding, it can be interpreted that diplomatic relations are relationships through state instruments such as state representatives or missions.[3]Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Then, based on Article 1 section (1) Law 37/1999, foreign relations are any activities involving regional and international aspects which are carried out by the government at the central and regional levels, or their institutions, state institutions, business entities, political organizations, community organizations, non-governmental organizations, or Indonesian Citizens.From these various definitions, it can be concluded that foreign relations also encompass diplomatic relations. For information, in terms of diplomacy, Indonesia implements the "intermestic" pattern, namely diplomacy that voices national interests to the international community, and communicates domestic developments to the international community.[4]Opening Diplomatic RelationsBasically, every independent and sovereign country has the ‘right of legation’. The active right of legation means the right of the state to place the accreditation of its representatives to the recipient country, and the passive right of legation means the obligation to receive representatives of foreign countries.[5]The juridical basis for opening diplomatic relations is stated under Article 2 VCLT 1961, namely:The establishment of diplomatic relations between States, and of permanent diplomatic missions, takes place by mutual consent.In Indonesia, it has been determined in Article 9 section (2) Law 37/1999 that the opening and closing of diplomatic or consular offices in other countries or representative offices in international organizations shall be stipulated by a decree of the president. Under this provision, the principle of mutual agreement in the convention is the result of a rational compromise in which the limitation of sovereignty must be approved by the country concerned.[6]Why Doesn’t Indonesia Have Diplomatic Relations with Israel?In response to your question as to why Indonesia does not have diplomatic relations with Israel, this is in relation to the ongoing conflict between Israel and Palestine. This conflict has been going on since the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, which involves two main issues, namely the issue of the right of the Palestinian people to establish a state on their own homeland and the right of the Jewish people to choose their own state (Israel).[7]The conflict heated up, especially when Israel launched airstrikes and land attacks in the Gaza Strip which claimed many lives. In this regard, there are a lot of criticisms from the international world, because Israel has also committed violations of international humanitarian law.[8]Also read: International Humanitarian Law: Principles and Legal BasisVarious attempts have been made to process peace negotiations, however, Israel has often been absent-minded in implementing the content of the negotiations.[9] In this regard, Indonesia defends the humanitarian rights of Palestinians, as set out in the Preamble of the 1945 Constitution which states that independence is the right of all nations and therefore, the colonialism of the world must be abolished because it is not in accordance with humanity and justice.This legal basis makes Indonesia a nation that will always support the independence of an oppressed nation. By adhering to an independent and active foreign policy, Indonesia has positioned itself as a nation that rejects occupation and oppression of the Palestinian people.[10]In terms of diplomatic relations, the presence of representatives of each country between Indonesia and Palestine shows the confidence or trust of both parties to implement cooperative and communication relations. However, the relationship between Indonesia and Israel does not show the existence of trust which can be seen from the absence of diplomatic relations. In fact, the Indonesian government has explicitly taken the position that Indonesia will not open diplomatic relations with Israel until Israel recognizes the independence of Palestine.[11]According to Morgenthau, basically, one of the general functions of diplomacy is to be able to determine the difference in objectives and how these differences can be adjusted. The general function of diplomacy cannot be applied to relations between Indonesia and Israel, because one of the objectives of Indonesia's national interest is the abolition of colonialism in the world in accordance with the paragraphs of the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution. Meanwhile, according to Indonesia, the actions that have been carried out by Israel against Palestine constitute a form of colonialism and according to Indonesia, it should be abolished.[12]However, it should be noted that the refusal of a country to open diplomatic relations for any reason against other countries is common in practice. Since international law does not contain the legal obligation to recognize a country, then the country cannot be forced to accept representatives of countries that it does not recognize.[13]In conclusion, why Indonesia does not have diplomatic relations with Israel is because diplomatic relations are official relations between countries which are based on the trust of both parties to implement cooperative and communication relationships. Diplomatic relations will only be created if there is an agreement between both parties. However, to date, Israel has not acknowledged the independence of Palestine, while one of the goals of Indonesia's national interest is the abolition of colonialism in the world in accordance with the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution. This is the reason why Indonesia does not have diplomatic relations with Israel, and will not open diplomatic relations until Israel recognizes Palestinian independence.Also read: Protection of Diplomats in Conflict-Prone CountriesThese are the answers we can provide, we hope you will find them useful.Legal Basis:The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia;Law Number 37 of 1999 on Foreign Relations;Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations 1961.Reference:Arif Apriadi. Kedudukan Hubungan Diplomatik Antar Negara dalam Perizinan Hak Lintas Terbang atas Negara Lain. Jurnal Universitas Negeri Malang, Vol. 25, No. 12, 2019;Erwin. Pengabaian Distinction Principle dalam Situasi Blokade oleh Israel di Jalur Gaza. Jurnal RechIdee, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2013;Masyarofah. Fakta Perjanjian Damai dan Hubungan Diplomatik Negara Timur Tengah dalam Proses Perdamaian Konflik Israel-Palestina Pasca Kemerdekaan Palestina. Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar’i, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2015;Mayjen TNI (Purn) I Gede Sumertha (et.al). Keterlibatan Pemerintah Indonesia dalam Proses Perdamaian Konflik Israel-Palestina. Jurnal Damai dan Resolusi Konflik Unhan, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2017;Sumaryo Suryokusumo. Praktik Diplomasi. Bandung: BP Iblam, 2004;Syahmin. Hukum Diplomatik dalam Kerangka Studi Analisis. Jakarta: Rajawali PERS, 2008;Syarif Bahaudin Mudore. Peran Diplomasi Indonesia dalam Konflik Israel-Palestina. Jurnal CMES Vol. 12, No. 2, 2019;Diplomatik (diplomatic), accessed on Thursday 30 March 2023, at 12.13 West Indonesian Time (zone).[1] Syahmin. Hukum Diplomatik dalam Kerangka Studi Analisis. Jakarta: Rajawali PERS, 2008, p. 3.[2] Sumaryo Suryokusumo. Praktik Diplomasi. Bandung: BP Iblam, 2004, p. 54.[3] Arif Apriadi. Kedudukan Hubungan Diplomatik Antar Negara dalam Perizinan Hak Lintas Terbang atas Negara Lain. Jurnal Universitas Negeri Malang, Vol. 25, No. 12, 2019, p. 2.[4] Syahmin. Hukum Diplomatik dalam Kerangka Studi Analisis. Jakarta: Rajawali PERS, 2008, p. 7.[5] Syahmin. Hukum Diplomatik dalam Kerangka Studi Analisis. Jakarta: Rajawali PERS, 2008, p. 45.[6] Syahmin. Hukum Diplomatik dalam Kerangka Studi Analisis. Jakarta: Rajawali PERS, 2008, p. 46.[7] Masyarofah. Fakta Perjanjian Damai dan Hubungan Diplomatik Negara Timur Tengah dalam Proses Perdamaian Konflik Israel-Palestina Pasca Kemerdekaan Palestina. Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar’I, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2015, p. 82.[8] Erwin. Pengabaian Distinction Principle dalam Situasi Blokade oleh Israel di Jalur Gaza. Jurnal RechIdee, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2013, p. 13.[9] Masyarofah. Fakta Perjanjian Damai dan Hubungan Diplomatik Negara Timur Tengah dalam Proses Perdamaian Konflik Israel-Palestina Pasca Kemerdekaan Palestina. Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar’I, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2015, p. 82.[10] Syarif Bahaudin Mudore. Peran Diplomasi Indonesia dalam Konflik Israel-Palestina. Jurnal CMES Vol. 12, No. 2, 2019, pp. 177-178[11] Mayjen TNI (Purn) I Gede Sumertha (et.al). Keterlibatan Pemerintah Indonesia dalam Proses Perdamaian Konflik Israel-Palestina. Jurnal Damai dan Resolusi Konflik Unhan, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2017, p. 6.[12] Mayjen TNI (Purn) I Gede Sumertha (et.al). Keterlibatan Pemerintah Indonesia dalam Proses Perdamaian Konflik Israel-Palestina. Jurnal Damai dan Resolusi Konflik Unhan, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2017, p. 17.[13] Syahmin. Hukum Diplomatik dalam Kerangka Studi Analisis. Jakarta: Rajawali PERS, 2008, p. 46.Tagsklinik english edition
Why doesn’t Indonesia have diplomatic relations with Israel? What are the requirements for a country to have diplomatic relations?
A diplomatic relation is an official relationship between states/countries to implement the relationship of cooperation and communication. Indonesia as a country has diplomatic relations with various countries in the world. However, Indonesia does not have diplomatic relations with Israel. So, why does Indonesia not have diplomatic relations with Israel? Please read the review below for a further explanation. Tips Cicil Rumah dengan KPR Agar Terhindar Risiko Hukum2 Apr 2024Pasal Penipuan Online untuk Menjerat Pelaku27 Des 20224 Cara Mencairkan BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Online 15 Mei 2024Tips Cicil Rumah dengan KPR Agar Terhindar Risiko Hukum2 Apr 2024Pasal Penipuan Online untuk Menjerat Pelaku27 Des 20224 Cara Mencairkan BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Online 15 Mei 2024
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/why-doesnt-indonesia-have-diplomatic-relations-with-israel-lt642aa7d3c845d/
Why Doesn't Indonesia Have Diplomatic Relations with Israel?
pages/151/page-1.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- This article is an English translation of [**_Mengapa Indonesia Tidak Memiliki Hubungan Diplomatik dengan Israel?_**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/mengapa-indonesia-tidak-memiliki-hubungan-diplomatik-dengan-israel-lt6426a59226d80?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=mengapa_indonesia_tidak_memiliki_hubungan_diplomatik_dengan_israel) which was written by [**Renata Christha Auli, S.H.**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/renata-christha-auli--sh-lt628dd61fce732), and was published on Friday, 31 March 2023. All legal information available on Klinik hukumonline.com has been prepared for educational purposes only and is general in nature (read the complete [**Disclaimer**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer)). In order to obtain legal advice specific to your case, please consult with [**Justika Partner Consultant**](https://www.justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **The Definition of Diplomatic Law** Prior to answering the crux of your question, it is best if we first understand what diplomacy is. The term _diploma_ comes from Latin and Greek which can be interpreted as a certificate/letter of trust. Diplomacy terminology has now been transformed into diplomat, diplomacy, and diplomatic.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) **Sumaryo Suryokusumo** explained that diplomacy is a political activity and is a part of international activities which influence each other and are complex, by involving governments and international organizations in order to achieve their objectives.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Diplomatic definition or [_diplomatik_](https://kbbi.web.id/diplomatik) according to the **_Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia_** or the official dictionary of the Indonesian language, is the official relationship between states or countries. From this understanding, it can be interpreted that diplomatic relations are relationships through state instruments such as state representatives or missions.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Then, based on **Article 1 section (1)** [**Law 37/1999**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17482/undangundang-nomor-37-tahun-1999?r=0&p=1&q=uu%2037%201999&rs=1847&re=2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_37_1999), foreign relations are any activities involving regional and international aspects which are carried out by the government at the central and regional levels, or their institutions, state institutions, business entities, political organizations, community organizations, non-governmental organizations, or Indonesian Citizens. From these various definitions, it can be concluded that foreign relations also encompass diplomatic relations. For information, in terms of diplomacy, Indonesia implements the "intermestic" pattern, namely diplomacy that voices national interests to the international community, and communicates domestic developments to the international community.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) ### **Opening Diplomatic Relations** Basically, every independent and sovereign country has the ‘right of legation’. The active right of legation means the right of the state to place the accreditation of its representatives to the recipient country, and the passive right of legation means the obligation to receive representatives of foreign countries.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) The juridical basis for opening diplomatic relations is stated under **Article 2** [**VCLT 1961**](https://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/conventions/9_1_1961.pdf), namely: _The establishment of diplomatic relations between States, and of permanent diplomatic missions, takes place by mutual consent._ In Indonesia, it has been determined in **Article 9 section (2) Law 37/1999** that the opening and closing of diplomatic or consular offices in other countries or representative offices in international organizations shall be stipulated by a decree of the president. Under this provision, the principle of mutual agreement in the convention is the result of a rational compromise in which the limitation of sovereignty must be approved by the country concerned.[\[6\]](#_ftn6) ### **Why Doesn’t Indonesia Have Diplomatic Relations with Israel?** In response to your question as to why Indonesia does not have diplomatic relations with Israel, this is in relation to the ongoing conflict between Israel and Palestine. This conflict has been going on since the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, which involves two main issues, namely the issue of the right of the Palestinian people to establish a state on their own homeland and the right of the Jewish people to choose their own state (Israel).[\[7\]](#_ftn7) The conflict heated up, especially when Israel launched airstrikes and land attacks in the Gaza Strip which claimed many lives. In this regard, there are a lot of criticisms from the international world, because Israel has also committed violations of international humanitarian law.[\[8\]](#_ftn8) Also read: [**International Humanitarian Law: Principles and Legal Basis**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/hukum-humaniter-internasional-asas-dan-dasar-hukumnya-lt62e8ebdd0a7c4?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=hukum_humaniter_internasional_asas) Various attempts have been made to process peace negotiations, however, Israel has often been absent-minded in implementing the content of the negotiations.[\[9\]](#_ftn9) In this regard, Indonesia defends the humanitarian rights of Palestinians, as set out in the **Preamble of the** [**1945 Constitution**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4ca2eb6dd2834/undang-undang-dasar-1945?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UUD_1945) which states that independence is the right of all nations and therefore, the colonialism of the world must be abolished because it is not in accordance with humanity and justice. This legal basis makes Indonesia a nation that will always support the independence of an oppressed nation. By adhering to an independent and active foreign policy, Indonesia has positioned itself as a nation that rejects occupation and oppression of the Palestinian people.[\[10\]](#_ftn10) In terms of diplomatic relations, the presence of representatives of each country between Indonesia and Palestine shows the confidence or trust of both parties to implement cooperative and communication relations. However, the relationship between Indonesia and Israel does not show the existence of trust which can be seen from the absence of diplomatic relations. In fact, the Indonesian government has explicitly taken the position that Indonesia will not open diplomatic relations with Israel until Israel recognizes the independence of Palestine.[\[11\]](#_ftn11) According to **Morgenthau**, basically, one of the general functions of diplomacy is to be able to determine the difference in objectives and how these differences can be adjusted. The general function of diplomacy cannot be applied to relations between Indonesia and Israel, because one of the objectives of Indonesia's national interest is the abolition of colonialism in the world in accordance with the paragraphs of the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution. Meanwhile, according to Indonesia, the actions that have been carried out by Israel against Palestine constitute a form of colonialism and according to Indonesia, it should be abolished.[\[12\]](#_ftn12) However, it should be noted that the refusal of a country to open diplomatic relations for any reason against other countries is common in practice. Since international law does not contain the legal obligation to recognize a country, then the country cannot be forced to accept representatives of countries that it does not recognize.[\[13\]](#_ftn13) In conclusion, why Indonesia does not have diplomatic relations with Israel is because diplomatic relations are official relations between countries which are based on the trust of both parties to implement cooperative and communication relationships. Diplomatic relations will only be created if there is an agreement between both parties. However, to date, Israel has not acknowledged the independence of Palestine, while one of the goals of Indonesia's national interest is the abolition of colonialism in the world in accordance with the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution. This is the reason why Indonesia does not have diplomatic relations with Israel, and will not open diplomatic relations until Israel recognizes Palestinian independence. Also read: [**Protection of Diplomats in Conflict-Prone Countries**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/perlindungan-diplomat-di-negara-rawan-konflik-lt5eb8fca11f91f?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perlindungan_diplomat_rawan_konflik) These are the answers we can provide, we hope you will find them useful. Legal Basis: 1. [The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4ca2eb6dd2834/undang-undang-dasar-1945?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UUD_1945); 2. [Law Number 37 of 1999 on Foreign Relations](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17482/undangundang-nomor-37-tahun-1999?r=0&p=1&q=uu%2037%201999&rs=1847&re=2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_37_1999); 3. [Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations 1961](https://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/conventions/9_1_1961.pdf). Reference: 1. Arif Apriadi. _Kedudukan Hubungan Diplomatik Antar Negara dalam Perizinan Hak Lintas Terbang atas Negara Lain_. Jurnal Universitas Negeri Malang, Vol. 25, No. 12, 2019; 2. Erwin. _Pengabaian Distinction Principle dalam Situasi Blokade oleh Israel di Jalur Gaza._ Jurnal RechIdee, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2013; 3. Masyarofah. _Fakta Perjanjian Damai dan Hubungan Diplomatik Negara Timur Tengah dalam Proses Perdamaian Konflik Israel-Palestina Pasca Kemerdekaan Palestina_. Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar’i, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2015; 4. Mayjen TNI (Purn) I Gede Sumertha _(et.al). Keterlibatan Pemerintah Indonesia dalam Proses Perdamaian Konflik Israel-Palestina_. Jurnal Damai dan Resolusi Konflik Unhan, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2017; 5. Sumaryo Suryokusumo. _Praktik Diplomasi_. Bandung: BP Iblam, 2004; 6. Syahmin. _Hukum Diplomatik dalam Kerangka Studi Analisis_. Jakarta: Rajawali PERS, 2008; 7. Syarif Bahaudin Mudore. _Peran Diplomasi Indonesia dalam Konflik Israel-Palestina._ Jurnal CMES Vol. 12, No. 2, 2019; 8. [_Diplomatik_](https://kbbi.web.id/diplomatik) (diplomatic), accessed on Thursday 30 March 2023, at 12.13 West Indonesian Time (zone). * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Syahmin. _Hukum Diplomatik dalam Kerangka Studi Analisis_. Jakarta: Rajawali PERS, 2008, p. 3. [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Sumaryo Suryokusumo. _Praktik Diplomasi_. Bandung: BP Iblam, 2004, p. 54. [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Arif Apriadi. _Kedudukan Hubungan Diplomatik Antar Negara dalam Perizinan Hak Lintas Terbang atas Negara Lain_. Jurnal Universitas Negeri Malang, Vol. 25, No. 12, 2019, p. 2. [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Syahmin. _Hukum Diplomatik dalam Kerangka Studi Analisis_. Jakarta: Rajawali PERS, 2008, p. 7. [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Syahmin. _Hukum Diplomatik dalam Kerangka Studi Analisis_. Jakarta: Rajawali PERS, 2008, p. 45. [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Syahmin. _Hukum Diplomatik dalam Kerangka Studi Analisis_. Jakarta: Rajawali PERS, 2008, p. 46. [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Masyarofah. _Fakta Perjanjian Damai dan Hubungan Diplomatik Negara Timur Tengah dalam Proses Perdamaian Konflik Israel-Palestina Pasca Kemerdekaan Palestina_. Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar’I, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2015, p. 82. [\[8\]](#_ftnref8) Erwin. _Pengabaian Distinction Principle dalam Situasi Blokade oleh Israel di Jalur Gaza._ Jurnal RechIdee, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2013, p. 13. [\[9\]](#_ftnref9) Masyarofah. _Fakta Perjanjian Damai dan Hubungan Diplomatik Negara Timur Tengah dalam Proses Perdamaian Konflik Israel-Palestina Pasca Kemerdekaan Palestina_. Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar’I, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2015, p. 82. [\[10\]](#_ftnref10) Syarif Bahaudin Mudore. _Peran Diplomasi Indonesia dalam Konflik Israel-Palestina._ Jurnal CMES Vol. 12, No. 2, 2019, pp. 177-178 [\[11\]](#_ftnref11) Mayjen TNI (Purn) I Gede Sumertha _(et.al). Keterlibatan Pemerintah Indonesia dalam Proses Perdamaian Konflik Israel-Palestina_. Jurnal Damai dan Resolusi Konflik Unhan, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2017, p. 6. [\[12\]](#_ftnref12) Mayjen TNI (Purn) I Gede Sumertha _(et.al). Keterlibatan Pemerintah Indonesia dalam Proses Perdamaian Konflik Israel-Palestina_. Jurnal Damai dan Resolusi Konflik Unhan, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2017, p. 17. [\[13\]](#_ftnref13) Syahmin. _Hukum Diplomatik dalam Kerangka Studi Analisis_. Jakarta: Rajawali PERS, 2008, p. 46. Tags ---- [klinik english edition](/tag/klinik-english-edition)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.Perumahan Di Lahan Sawah yang Dilindungi (LSD)KLINIK TERKAITPerumahan Kena Banjir, Bisakah Gugat Developer?19 Jan 2022Pastikan Kesiapan Dokumen-Dokumen Ini Saat Beli Rumah dari Developer!14 Jan 2022Kewajiban Developer Apartemen dalam Masa Transisi06 Jan 2022Sanksi bagi Developer yang Mengalihfungsikan Jalan Perumahan20 Des 2021Sebelum menjawab pertanyaan Anda, perlu kami sampaikan mengenai LSD atau Lahan Sawah yang Dilindungi sebagaimana Anda sampaikan dalam pertanyaan. Salah satu tujuan pemerintah menetapkan suatu kawasan menjadi LSD adalah untuk mengendalikan alih fungsi lahan sawah dan memenuhi ketersediaan lahan sawah untuk mendukung pangan nasional. Adapun, terkait dengan rencana pembangunan perumahan oleh developer di kawasan yang ditetapkan menjadi LSD, berdasarkan ketentuan Keenam Kepmen ATR/Kepala BPN 1589/2021 yang ditetapkan pada tanggal 16 Desember 2021 berbunyi:Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Izin atau Hak Atas Tanah nonpertanian yang masuk dalam Peta Lahan Sawah yang Dilindungi namun penerbitannya sebelum penetapan peta dimaksud dapat dikeluarkan dari Peta Lahan Sawah yang Dilindungi.Dengan demikian, jika pihak developer telah mendapat Izin Penggunaan Pemanfaatan Tanah (“IPPT”) dari Badan Pertanahan Nasional (“BPN”) setempat sebelum tanggal 16 Desember 2021, maka pembangunan cluster perumahan pada dasarnya tetap dapat dilaksanakan.Developer ‘Molor’ Membangun Rumah Dalam melakukan jual-beli unit perumahan, biasanya penjual (dalam hal ini developer) dan pembeli mengikatkan dirinya ke dalam suatu perjanjian, baik itu diawali dengan Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli (“PPJB”) atau Perjanjian Jual Beli (“PJB”) yang di dalamnya terdapat klausul-klausul hak dan kewajiban pembeli dan developer, termasuk lamanya pembangunan rumah yang dilakukan oleh developer dan serah terima unit rumah yang diperjanjikan tersebut.Developer perumahan yang molor atau terlambat membangun rumah sebagaimana yang telah diperjanjikan dapat dikatakan telah ingkar janji (wanprestasi) sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 1238 KUH Perdata yang berbunyi:Si berutang adalah lalai, apabila ia dengan surat perintah atau dengan sebuah akta sejenis itu telah dinyatakan lalai, atau demi perikatannya sendiri, ialah jika ini menetapkan, bahwa si berutang harus dianggap lalai dengan lewatnya waktu yang ditentukan.Mariam Darus Badrulzaman dalam buku yang berjudul Hukum Perikatan dalam KUHPerdata Buku Ketiga: Yurisprudensi, Doktrin, serta Penjelasan, menerangkan kriteria untuk menyatakan lalai, antara lain (hal. 22):Saat debitur lalai adalah sejak kepada debitur disampaikan teguran;Pernyataan lalai dilakukan melalui surat perintah, akta sejenis, dan demi perikatannya sendiri;Waktu pemenuhan perikatan telah lewat.Dalam permasalahan Anda, dapat dikatakan bahwa developer telah melakukan wanprestasi karena tidak membangun cluster perumahan sesuai waktu yang diperjanjikan, maka berdasarkan Pasal 1267 KUHPerdata, Anda dapat memilih untuk:Memaksa developer tetap memenuhi perjanjian; atauMenuntut pembatalan perjanjian, disertai penggantian biaya kerugian dan bunga.Langkah Jika Developer Ingkar Membayar Refund yang Telah DisepakatiBerdasarkan kronologi yang Anda ceritakan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa antara Anda dan developer telah terjadi kesepakatan untuk melakukan pembatalan perjanjian pembelian rumah disertai dengan pengembalian dana (refund) tanpa kompensasi.Namun, apabila developer kembali wanprestasi karena tidak atau terlambat melakukan refund sebagaimana jangka waktu yang telah ditentukan, Anda dapat melakukan langkah-langkah sebagai berikut.Memberikan somasi atau teguranDalam KUHPerdata pada dasarnya tidak dikenal istilah somasi. Namun menurut J. Satrio dalam artikel Beberapa Segi Hukum tentang Somasi (Bagian I) ada istilah lain yang biasa dikaitkan dengan somasi, yaitu “in gebreke gesteld” yang bisa diterjemahkan menjadi “pernyataan lalai” (atau “dinyatakan dalam keadaan lalai”) sebagaimana yang diatur dalam Pasal 1238 KUHPerdata.Lebih lanjut mengenai somasi dan cara membuatnya dapat Anda baca dalam artikel yang berjudul Pengertian Somasi dan Cara Membuatnya. Mengajukan gugatan wanprestasi Langkah selanjutnya, Anda dapat menggugat developer karena wanprestasi jika setelah dilakukan somasi, developer tetap tidak membayarkan refund sesuai kesepakatan.Anda selaku penggugat atau melalui kuasa hukum mengajukan gugatan kepada Ketua Pengadilan Negeri dengan beberapa kelengkapan/syarat yang harus dipenuhi, yaitu:Surat gugatan;Surat kuasa yang sudah dilegalisir (apabila menggunakan kuasa hukum);Penggugat atau kuasanya membayar panjar biaya gugatan dengan menyetorkan uang panjar perkara melalui bank yang ditunjuk oleh pengadilan;Memberikan bukti transfer serta menyimpan salinannya untuk arsip;Menerima tanda bukti penerimaan surat gugatan;Menunggu surat panggilan dari Pengadilan Negeri yang disampaikan oleh juru sita/juru sita pengganti;Menghadiri sidang sesuai dengan jadwal yang telah ditentukan. Melakukan penyelesaian sengketa di BPSKSelain secara litigasi, yaitu upaya hukum dengan cara mengajukan gugatan wanprestasi di pengadilan, Anda dapat memilih penyelesaian sengketa non litigasi melalui Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen (“BPSK”).Adapun beberapa tugas dan wewenang BPSK berdasarkan Pasal 52 UU Perlindungan Konsumen adalah:melaksanakan penanganan dan penyelesaian sengketa konsumen, dengan cara melalui mediasi atau arbitrase atau konsiliasi;memberikan konsultasi perlindungan konsumen;melakukan pengawasan terhadap pencantuman klausula baku;melaporkan kepada penyidik umum apabila terjadi pelanggaran ketentuan dalam UU Perlindungan Konsumen;menerima pengaduan baik tertulis maupun tidak tertulis dari konsumen tentang terjadinya pelanggaran terhadap perlindungan konsumen;melakukan penelitian dan pemeriksaan sengketa perlindungan konsumen;memanggil pelaku usaha yang diduga telah melakukan pelanggaran terhadap perlindungan konsumen;memanggil dan menghadirkan saksi, saksi ahli, dan/atau setiap orang yang dianggap mengetahui pelanggaran terhadap UU Perlindungan Konsumen;meminta bantuan penyidik untuk menghadirkan pelaku usaha, saksi, saksi ahli, dan/atau setiap orang sebagaimana dimaksud pada huruf g dan huruf h, yang tidak bersedia memenuhi panggilan BPSK;mendapatkan, meneliti, dan/atau menilai surat, dokumen, atau alat bukti lain guna penyelidikan dan/atau pemeriksaan;memutuskan dan menetapkan ada atau tidak adanya kerugian di pihak Konsumen;memberitahukan putusan kepada konsumen dan pelaku usaha yang melakukan pelanggaran terhadap perlindungan konsumen; danmenjatuhkan sanksi administratif kepada pelaku usaha yang melanggar ketentuan UU Perlindungan Konsumen.Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwibahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut di sini.Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat.DASAR HUKUMKitab Undang-Undang Hukum PerdataUndang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan KonsumenKeputusan Menteri ATR/Kepala BPN Nomor 1589/SK-HK.02.01/XII/2021 tentang Penetapan Peta Lahan Sawah yang Dilindungi pada Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Sumatera Barat, Provinsi Banten, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Provinsi Jawa Tengah, Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Timur, Provinsi Bali, dan Provinsi Nusa Tenggara BaratREFERENSIMariam Darus Badrulzaman. Hukum Perikatan dalam KUHPerdata Buku Ketiga: Yurisprudensi, Doktrin, serta Penjelasan. Bandung: PT. Cipta Aditya Bakti, 2015.Tagsdevelopergugatan perdataperumahansomasiwanprestasi
Saya membeli secara tunai rumah (cluster) pada awal tahun 2021 dan ternyata pada akhir tahun 2021 terbit keputusan menteri agraria yang menyatakan kawasan perumahan yang saya ambil termasuk kawasan LSD. Tapi saya baru tahu di Februari 2023 setelah baca postingan di sosial media bahwa cluster perumahan yang saya beli batal dibangun. Saya konfrontasi ke pihak developer katanya tetap di bangun tapi molor yang entah sampai kapan tidak pasti. Saya tidak mau dan mengajukan refund dan disetujui 100% full refund tanpa kompensasi di akhir bulan ini. Jika akhir bulan ini developer tidak membayar refund saya, langkah apa yang harus saya lakukan?
Jika developer molor atau terlambat membangun rumah (cluster) sebagaimana yang telah diperjanjikan dengan pembeli, pada dasarnya developer tersebut dapat dikatakan telah ingkar janji (wanprestasi) sebagaimana yang diatur dalam Pasal 1238 KUH Perdata. Begitu pula ketika developer berjanji untuk melakukan pengembalian dana (refund) kepada pembeli dalam waktu yang telah ditentukan namun tetap tidak melakukan sesuai yang diperjanjikan. Lantas, apa saja upaya hukum yang dapat ditempuh pembeli atau konsumen untuk menuntut haknya? Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Perumahan Kena Banjir, Bisakah Gugat Developer?19 Jan 2022Pastikan Kesiapan Dokumen-Dokumen Ini Saat Beli Rumah dari Developer!14 Jan 2022Kewajiban Developer Apartemen dalam Masa Transisi06 Jan 2022Sanksi bagi Developer yang Mengalihfungsikan Jalan Perumahan20 Des 2021Perumahan Kena Banjir, Bisakah Gugat Developer?19 Jan 2022Pastikan Kesiapan Dokumen-Dokumen Ini Saat Beli Rumah dari Developer!14 Jan 2022Kewajiban Developer Apartemen dalam Masa Transisi06 Jan 2022Sanksi bagi Developer yang Mengalihfungsikan Jalan Perumahan20 Des 2021Dasar Hukum Poligami di Indonesia dan Prosedurnya1 Nov 2023Cara Pindah Kewarganegaraan WNI Menjadi WNA25 Mar 2024Baca Tips Ini Sebelum Menggunakan Karya Cipta Milik Umum28 Feb 2023Dasar Hukum Poligami di Indonesia dan Prosedurnya1 Nov 2023Cara Pindah Kewarganegaraan WNI Menjadi WNA25 Mar 2024Baca Tips Ini Sebelum Menggunakan Karya Cipta Milik Umum28 Feb 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/langkah-hukum-jika-ideveloper-i-rumah-ingkar-irefund-i-lt641598ab2f2c8/
Langkah Hukum Jika Developer Rumah Ingkar Refund
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika)**.** ### **Perumahan Di Lahan Sawah yang Dilindungi** **(LSD)** ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Perumahan Kena Banjir, Bisakah Gugat Developer? ](/klinik/a/perumahan-kena-banjir--bisakah-gugat-developer-lt509215a238a82/) ![Perumahan Kena Banjir, Bisakah Gugat Developer?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt509215a238a82/thumbnail_lt61e804fd229c4.jpg) 19 Jan 2022 [ #### Pastikan Kesiapan Dokumen-Dokumen Ini Saat Beli Rumah dari Developer! ](/klinik/a/pastikan-kesiapan-dokumen-dokumen-ini-saat-beli-rumah-dari-developer-lt61e1699f2db24/) ![Pastikan Kesiapan Dokumen-Dokumen Ini Saat Beli Rumah dari Developer!](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt61e1699f2db24/thumbnail_lt61e16c649c21d.jpg) 14 Jan 2022 [ #### Kewajiban Developer Apartemen dalam Masa Transisi ](/klinik/a/kewajiban-developer-apartemen-dalam-masa-transisi-lt611f06e06cf3b/) ![Kewajiban Developer Apartemen dalam Masa Transisi](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt611f06e06cf3b/thumbnail_lt61d6f18363b86.png) 06 Jan 2022 [ #### Sanksi bagi _Developer_ yang Mengalihfungsikan Jalan Perumahan ](/klinik/a/sanksi-bagi-ideveloper-i-yang-mengalihfungsikan-jalan-perumahan-lt618fc4516d4ca/) ![Sanksi bagi <i>Developer</i> yang Mengalihfungsikan Jalan Perumahan](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt618fc4516d4ca/thumbnail_lt61c04f99506c6.jpg) 20 Des 2021 [](#!) Sebelum menjawab pertanyaan Anda, perlu kami sampaikan mengenai LSD atau Lahan Sawah yang Dilindungi sebagaimana Anda sampaikan dalam pertanyaan. Salah satu tujuan pemerintah menetapkan suatu kawasan menjadi LSD adalah untuk mengendalikan alih fungsi lahan sawah dan memenuhi ketersediaan lahan sawah untuk mendukung pangan nasional.  Adapun, terkait dengan rencana pembangunan perumahan oleh developer di kawasan yang ditetapkan menjadi LSD, berdasarkan ketentuan **Keenam** [**Kepmen ATR/Kepala BPN 1589/2021**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt61f39c43b40ca/keputusan-menteri-agraria-dan-tata-ruang-kepala-badan-pertanahan-nasional-nomor-1589-sk-hk0201-xii-2021-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=kepmen_atrbpn_1589_2021) yang ditetapkan pada tanggal 16 Desember 2021 berbunyi: Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) _Izin atau Hak Atas Tanah nonpertanian yang masuk dalam Peta Lahan Sawah yang Dilindungi **namun penerbitannya sebelum penetapan peta dimaksud dapat dikeluarkan dari Peta Lahan Sawah yang Dilindungi**._ Dengan demikian, jika pihak developer telah mendapat Izin Penggunaan Pemanfaatan Tanah (“IPPT”) dari Badan Pertanahan Nasional (“BPN”) setempat sebelum tanggal 16 Desember 2021, maka pembangunan _cluster_ perumahan pada dasarnya tetap dapat dilaksanakan. ### **Developer ‘Molor’ Membangun Rumah** Dalam melakukan jual-beli unit perumahan, biasanya penjual (dalam hal ini _developer_) dan pembeli mengikatkan dirinya ke dalam suatu perjanjian, baik itu diawali dengan Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli (“PPJB”) atau Perjanjian Jual Beli (“PJB”) yang di dalamnya terdapat klausul-klausul hak dan kewajiban pembeli dan _developer_, termasuk lamanya pembangunan rumah yang dilakukan oleh _developer_ dan serah terima unit rumah yang diperjanjikan tersebut. _Developer_ perumahan yang molor atau terlambat membangun rumah sebagaimana yang telah diperjanjikan dapat dikatakan telah [ingkar janji](https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/unsur-dan-cara-menyelesaikan-wanprestasi-lt62174878376c7) [(wanprestasi)](https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/unsur-dan-cara-menyelesaikan-wanprestasi-lt62174878376c7?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=unsur_cara_menyelesaikan_wanprestasi) sebagaimana diatur dalam **Pasal 1238** [**KUH Perdata**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17229/burgerlijk-wetboek?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHPerdata) yang berbunyi: _Si berutang adalah lalai, apabila ia dengan surat perintah atau dengan sebuah akta sejenis itu telah dinyatakan lalai, atau **demi perikatannya sendiri**, ialah jika ini menetapkan, **bahwa si berutang harus dianggap lalai dengan lewatnya waktu yang ditentukan**._ **Mariam Darus Badrulzaman** dalam buku yang berjudul _Hukum Perikatan dalam KUHPerdata Buku Ketiga: Yurisprudensi, Doktrin, serta Penjelasan,_ menerangkan kriteria untuk menyatakan lalai, antara lain (hal. 22): 1. Saat debitur lalai adalah sejak kepada debitur disampaikan teguran; 2. Pernyataan lalai dilakukan melalui surat perintah, akta sejenis, dan demi perikatannya sendiri; 3. Waktu pemenuhan perikatan telah lewat. Dalam permasalahan Anda, dapat dikatakan bahwa _developer_ telah melakukan wanprestasi karena tidak membangun _cluster_ perumahan sesuai waktu yang diperjanjikan, maka berdasarkan **Pasal 1267 KUHPerdata**, Anda dapat memilih untuk: 1. Memaksa _developer_ tetap memenuhi perjanjian; atau 2. Menuntut pembatalan perjanjian, disertai penggantian biaya kerugian dan bunga. ### **Langkah Jika Developer Ingkar Membayar _Refund_ yang Telah Disepakati** Berdasarkan kronologi yang Anda ceritakan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa antara Anda dan developer telah terjadi kesepakatan untuk melakukan pembatalan perjanjian pembelian rumah disertai dengan pengembalian dana _(refund)_ tanpa kompensasi. Namun, apabila _developer_ kembali wanprestasi karena tidak atau terlambat melakukan _refund_ sebagaimana jangka waktu yang telah ditentukan_,_ Anda dapat melakukan langkah-langkah sebagai berikut. 1. **Memberikan somasi atau teguran** Dalam **KUHPerdata** pada dasarnya tidak dikenal istilah somasi. Namun menurut **J. Satrio** dalam artikel [**Beberapa Segi Hukum tentang Somasi (Bagian I)**](https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/beberapa-segi-hukum-tentang-somasi-bagian-i-lt4cbfb836aa5d0?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=segi_hukum_somasi) ada istilah lain yang biasa dikaitkan dengan somasi, yaitu _“in gebreke gesteld”_ yang bisa diterjemahkan menjadi “pernyataan lalai” (atau “dinyatakan dalam keadaan lalai”) sebagaimana yang diatur dalam **Pasal 1238 KUHPerdata**. Lebih lanjut mengenai somasi dan cara membuatnya dapat Anda baca dalam artikel yang berjudul **[Pengertian Somasi dan Cara Membuatnya](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/pengertian-somasi-dan-cara-membuatnya-lt616807e4d69a1?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pengertian_somasi_cara_buat).** 2. **Mengajukan gugatan wanprestasi** Langkah selanjutnya, Anda dapat menggugat _developer_ karena wanprestasi jika setelah dilakukan somasi, _developer_ tetap tidak membayarkan _refund_ sesuai kesepakatan. Anda selaku penggugat atau melalui kuasa hukum mengajukan gugatan kepada Ketua Pengadilan Negeri dengan beberapa kelengkapan/syarat yang harus dipenuhi, yaitu: 1. Surat gugatan; 2. Surat kuasa yang sudah dilegalisir (apabila menggunakan kuasa hukum); 3. Penggugat atau kuasanya membayar panjar biaya gugatan dengan menyetorkan uang panjar perkara melalui bank yang ditunjuk oleh pengadilan; 4. Memberikan bukti transfer serta menyimpan salinannya untuk arsip; 5. Menerima tanda bukti penerimaan surat gugatan; 6. Menunggu surat panggilan dari Pengadilan Negeri yang disampaikan oleh juru sita/juru sita pengganti; 7. Menghadiri sidang sesuai dengan jadwal yang telah ditentukan. 3. **Melakukan penyelesaian sengketa di BPSK** Selain secara litigasi, yaitu upaya hukum dengan cara mengajukan gugatan wanprestasi di pengadilan, Anda dapat memilih penyelesaian sengketa non litigasi melalui Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen (“BPSK”). Adapun beberapa tugas dan wewenang BPSK berdasarkan **Pasal 52** **[UU Perlindungan Konsumen](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/447/undangundang-nomor-8-tahun-1999/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_8_1999)** adalah: 1. **melaksanakan penanganan dan penyelesaian sengketa konsumen, dengan cara melalui mediasi atau arbitrase atau konsiliasi**; 2. memberikan konsultasi perlindungan konsumen; 3. melakukan pengawasan terhadap pencantuman klausula baku; 4. melaporkan kepada penyidik umum apabila terjadi pelanggaran ketentuan dalam UU Perlindungan Konsumen; 5. **menerima pengaduan baik tertulis maupun tidak tertulis dari konsumen tentang terjadinya pelanggaran terhadap perlindungan konsumen**; 6. melakukan penelitian dan pemeriksaan sengketa perlindungan konsumen; 7. memanggil pelaku usaha yang diduga telah melakukan pelanggaran terhadap perlindungan konsumen; 8. memanggil dan menghadirkan saksi, saksi ahli, dan/atau setiap orang yang dianggap mengetahui pelanggaran terhadap UU Perlindungan Konsumen; 9. meminta bantuan penyidik untuk menghadirkan pelaku usaha, saksi, saksi ahli, dan/atau setiap orang sebagaimana dimaksud pada huruf g dan huruf h, yang tidak bersedia memenuhi panggilan BPSK; 10. mendapatkan, meneliti, dan/atau menilai surat, dokumen, atau alat bukti lain guna penyelidikan dan/atau pemeriksaan; 11. memutuskan dan menetapkan ada atau tidak adanya kerugian di pihak Konsumen; 12. memberitahukan putusan kepada konsumen dan pelaku usaha yang melakukan pelanggaran terhadap perlindungan konsumen; dan 13. menjatuhkan sanksi administratif kepada pelaku usaha yang melanggar ketentuan UU Perlindungan Konsumen. Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwibahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut [di sini](https://pro.hukumonline.com/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=cta&utm_campaign=artikel_klinik). Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17229/burgerlijk-wetboek?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHPerdata) Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/447/undangundang-nomor-8-tahun-1999/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_8_1999) Keputusan Menteri ATR/Kepala BPN Nomor 1589/SK-HK.02.01/XII/2021 tentang Penetapan Peta Lahan Sawah yang Dilindungi pada Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Sumatera Barat, Provinsi Banten, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Provinsi Jawa Tengah, Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Timur, Provinsi Bali, dan Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt61f39c43b40ca/keputusan-menteri-agraria-dan-tata-ruang-kepala-badan-pertanahan-nasional-nomor-1589-sk-hk0201-xii-2021-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=kepmen_atrbpn_1589_2021) REFERENSI --------- Mariam Darus Badrulzaman. _Hukum Perikatan dalam KUHPerdata Buku Ketiga: Yurisprudensi, Doktrin, serta Penjelasan._ Bandung: PT. Cipta Aditya Bakti, 2015. Tags ---- [developer](/tag/developer) [gugatan perdata](/tag/gugatan-perdata) [perumahan](/tag/perumahan) [somasi](/tag/somasi) [wanprestasi](/tag/wanprestasi)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.  KLINIK TERKAITMengenal Ragam Hukuman Pidana untuk Anak30 Apr 2024Siapa yang Menjadi Wali Nikah bagi Anak Luar Kawin?16 Mar 2023Jerat Hukum Pengguna Jasa Prostitusi Anak09 Mar 2023Jerat Pasal Penganiayaan Anak yang Menyebabkan Koma27 Feb 2023Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran ketiga dari artikel berjudul Penerapan Pidana Penjara Bagi Anak yang dibuat oleh Ilman Hadi, S.H. dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Jumat, 20 Juli 2012, yang dimutakhirkan pertama kali pada 10 Maret 2016, dan dimutakhirkan kedua kali pada Jumat, 7 Januari 2022. Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika. Pengertian Sistem Peradilan Pidana AnakPenting diketahui pidana penjara terhadap anak hanya digunakan sebagai upaya terakhir.[1] Hal ini karena sistem peradilan pidana anak dilaksanakan berdasarkan asas perampasan kemerdekaan dan pemidanaan sebagai upaya terakhir.[2] Setiap anak dalam proses peradilan pidana berhak tidak ditangkap, ditahan, atau dipenjara, kecuali sebagai upaya terakhir dan dalam waktu yang paling singkat.[3]Pasal 1 angka 1 UU SPPA menerangkan bahwa sistem peradilan pidana anak adalah keseluruhan proses penyelesaian perkara anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum, mulai tahapan penyelidikan sampai tahap pembimbingan setelah menjalani pidana.  Anak Berhadapan dengan HukumDari pertanyaan Anda, “anak” dalam hal ini adalah anak yang melakukan tindak pidana. Sebagai informasi, UU SPPA membagi tiga definisi anak yang berhubungan dengan tindak pidana sebagai berikut:Anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum adalah anak yang telah berumur 12 tahun, tetapi belum berumur 18 tahun yang diduga melakukan tindak pidana.[4]Anak yang menjadi korban tindak pidana (anak korban) adalah anak yang belum berumur 18 tahun yang mengalami penderitaan fisik, mental, dan/atau kerugian ekonomi yang disebabkan oleh tindak pidana.[5]Anak yang menjadi saksi tindak pidana (anak saksi) adalah anak yang belum berumur 18 tahun yang dapat memberikan keterangan guna kepentingan penyidikan, penuntutan, dan pemeriksaan di sidang pengadilan tentang suatu perkara pidana yang didengar, dilihat, dan/atau dialaminya sendiri.[6] Anak Belum Cukup UmurBatas umur bagi Anak untuk dapat diajukan ke sidang anak didasarkan pada pertimbangan sosiologis, psikologis, dan pedagogis adalah 12 tahun. Dinyatakan bahwa anak yang belum mencapai umur 12 tahun dianggap belum dapat mempertanggungjawabkan perbuatannya.[7]Jika anak belum berumur 12 tahun melakukan atau diduga melakukan tindak pidana, penyidik, pembimbing kemasyarakatan, dan pekerja sosial akan mengambil keputusan sebagai berikut:menyerahkannya kembali kepada orang tua/wali; ataumengikutsertakannya dalam program pendidikan, pembinaan, dan pembimbingan di instansi pemerintah atau Lembaga Penyelenggaraan Kesejahteraan Sosial (LPKS) di instansi terkait, maksimal 6 bulan. Pendekatan Restoratif dan DiversiSistem peradilan pidana anak wajib mengutamakan pendekatan keadilan restoratif dan diversi.[8]Keadilan restoratif adalah proses penyelesaian perkara tindak pidana dengan melibatkan pelaku, korban, keluarga pelaku/korban, dan pihak lain terkait dengan tujuan mencari penyelesaian yang adil bersama-sama dengan menekankan pemulihan kembali pada keadaan semua, bukan pembalasan.[9] Keadilan restoratif yang dimaksud meliputi:[10]penyidikan dan penuntutan pidana anak sesuai ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan, kecuali ditentukan lain dalam UU SPPA;persidangan anak oleh pengadilan di lingkungan peradilan umum; danpembinaan, pembimbingan, pengawasan, dan/atau pendampingan selama proses pelaksanaan pidana atau tindakan dan setelah menjalani pidana atau tindakan.Diversi dalam sistem peradilan pidana anak wajib diupayakan dalam lingkup keadilan restoratif poin a dan b di atas.[11]Diversi adalah pengalihan penyelesaian perkara anak dari proses peradilan pidana ke proses di luar peradilan pidana.[12]Adapun tujuan dilakukannya diversi, antara lain:[13]mencapai perdamaian antara korban dan anak;menyelesaikan perkara anak di luar proses peradilan;menghindarkan anak dari perampasan kemerdekaan;mendorong masyarakat untuk berpartisipasi; danmenanamkan rasa tanggung jawab kepada anak.Apabila proses diversi tidak menghasilkan kesepakatan dan/atau kesepakatan diversi tidak dilaksanakan, barulah proses peradilan pidana anak dapat dilanjutkan.[14] Baca juga: Upayakan Diversi, Begini Prosedur Peradilan Pidana Anak Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak (“LPKA”)Perlu diketahui, “penjara anak” yang anda sebutkan bukanlah istilah yang dikenal dalam UU SPPA. Kami luruskan bahwa istilah yang digunakan dalam UU SPPA adalah Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak (“LPKA”).LPKA adalah lembaga atau tempat anak menjalani masa pidananya.[15] Terkait LPKA ini, dalam UU SPPA diatur bahwa setiap lembaga pemasyarakatan anak harus melakukan perubahan sistem menjadi LPKA sesuai dengan UU SPPA paling lama 3 tahun.[16]Kementerian yang menyelenggarakan urusan pemerintahan di bidang hukum juga wajib membangun LPKA di provinsi paling lama 5 tahun setelah berlakunya UU SPPA.[17]Menjawab pertanyaan Anda soal anak yang di penjara, merujuk pada penjelasan di atas, anak tidak ditempatkan di penjara orang dewasa. Anak yang dijatuhi pidana penjara ditempatkan di LPKA.[18] Apabila di dalam suatu daerah belum terdapat LPKA, anak dapat ditempatkan di lembaga pemasyarakatan yang penempatannya terpisah dari orang dewasa.[19] Penggolongan dalam LPKA Pemisahan penjara merupakan salah satu dari sekian perbedaan sistem peradilan anak dengan orang dewasa. Sebab, berdasarkan undang-undang, dalam proses peradilan pidana, tempat tahanan anak dipisahkan dari orang dewasa dengan tujuan agar anak terhindar dari pengaruh yang kurang baik.[20]Di dalam LPKA, penempatan anak dikelompokkan berdasarkan umur, jenis kelamin, atau alasan lain sesuai dengan asesmen risiko dan kebutuhan yang dilakukan oleh asesor pemasyarakatan.[21]Atau dengan kata lain, “penjara” anak dalam sistem peradilan pidana anak tidak hanya dipisahkan dari orang dewasa, namun juga dipisahkan lagi berdasarkan umur, jenis kelamin, atau alasan lainnya. Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUMUndang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana AnakUndang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2022 tentang PemasyarakatanPeraturan Pemerintah Nomor 27 Tahun 1983 tentang Pelaksanaan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara PidanaPeraturan Pemerintah Nomor 58 Tahun 2010 tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 27 Tahun 1983 tentang Pelaksanaan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara PidanaPeraturan Pemerintah Nomor 92 Tahun 2015 tentang Perubahan Kedua Atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 27 Tahun 1983 tentang Pelaksanaan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana[1] Pasal 81 ayat (5) Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak (“UU SPPA”)[2] Pasal 2 huruf i UU SPPA[3] Pasal 3 huruf g UU SPPA[4] Pasal 1 angka 3 UU SPPA[5] Pasal 1 angka 4 UU SPPA[6] Pasal 1 angka 5 UU SPPA[7] Penjelasan Pasal 21 ayat (1) UU SPPA[8] Pasal 5 ayat (1) dan (3) UU SPPA[9] Pasal 1 angka 6 UU SPPA[10] Pasal 5 ayat (2) UU SPPA[11] Pasal 5 ayat (3) UU SPPA[12] Pasal 1 angka 7 UU SPPA[13] Pasal 6 UU SPPA[14] Pasal 13 UU SPPA[15] Pasal 1 angka 20 UU SPPA[16] Pasal 104 UU SPPA[17] Pasal 105 ayat (1) huruf e UU SPPA[18] Pasal 85 ayat (1) UU SPPA[19] Penjelasan Pasal 85 ayat (1) UU SPPA[20] Pasal 3 huruf b UU SPPA jo. Pasal 19 ayat (2) Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 27 Tahun 1983 tentang Pelaksanaan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana dan penjelasannya[21] Pasal 48 ayat (4) Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2022 tentang PemasyarakatanTagsanaklembaga pemasyarakatanperadilan pidana anakpidanapidana anaksistem peradilan pidana anaktindak pidana
Apakah penjara anak dan orang dewasa menjadi satu? Terus, apa sih yang dimaksud diversi dalam kasus penganiayaan anak yang sedang heboh saat ini?
Dalam sistem peradilan pidana anak, anak yang dijatuhi pidana penjara ditempatkan di Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak (“LPKA”). LPKA ini terpisah dari lembaga pemasyarakatan (biasa disebut dengan) penjara orang dewasa. Apabila di dalam suatu daerah belum terdapat LPKA, anak dapat ditempatkan di lembaga pemasyarakatan yang penempatannya terpisah dari orang dewasa untuk menghindari anak mendapat pengaruh buruk selama di penjara. Kemudian, terkait diversi, singkatnya diversi adalah adalah pengalihan penyelesaian perkara anak dari proses peradilan pidana ke proses di luar peradilan pidana.   Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Mengenal Ragam Hukuman Pidana untuk Anak30 Apr 2024Siapa yang Menjadi Wali Nikah bagi Anak Luar Kawin?16 Mar 2023Jerat Hukum Pengguna Jasa Prostitusi Anak09 Mar 2023Jerat Pasal Penganiayaan Anak yang Menyebabkan Koma27 Feb 2023Mengenal Ragam Hukuman Pidana untuk Anak30 Apr 2024Siapa yang Menjadi Wali Nikah bagi Anak Luar Kawin?16 Mar 2023Jerat Hukum Pengguna Jasa Prostitusi Anak09 Mar 2023Jerat Pasal Penganiayaan Anak yang Menyebabkan Koma27 Feb 2023Hal-hal yang Harus Disiapkan Jika Pindah KPR Bank6 Mei 2024Pasal Penipuan Online untuk Menjerat Pelaku27 Des 2022Perhatikan Ini Sebelum Tanda Tangan Kontrak Kerja20 Mar 2023Hal-hal yang Harus Disiapkan Jika Pindah KPR Bank6 Mei 2024Pasal Penipuan Online untuk Menjerat Pelaku27 Des 2022Perhatikan Ini Sebelum Tanda Tangan Kontrak Kerja20 Mar 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/sistem-peradilan-pidana-anak-serta-pendekatan-restoratif-dan-diversi-lt4fe2cc383856d/
Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak serta Pendekatan Restoratif dan Diversi
pages/151/page-3.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Mengenal Ragam Hukuman Pidana untuk Anak ](/klinik/a/hukuman-pidana-untuk-anak-lt4f768a60341d9/) ![Mengenal Ragam Hukuman Pidana untuk Anak](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt4f768a60341d9/thumbnail_lt56d40469703f6.jpg) 30 Apr 2024 [ #### Siapa yang Menjadi Wali Nikah bagi Anak Luar Kawin? ](/klinik/a/wali-nikah-anak-luar-kawin-lt5edeb379dfec7/) ![Siapa yang Menjadi Wali Nikah bagi Anak Luar Kawin?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt5edeb379dfec7/thumbnail_lt5ee87644de857.jpg) 16 Mar 2023 [ #### Jerat Hukum Pengguna Jasa Prostitusi Anak ](/klinik/a/jerat-hukum-pengguna-jasa-prostitusi-anak-lt60b1ceb54a8cd/) ![Jerat Hukum Pengguna Jasa Prostitusi Anak](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt60b1ceb54a8cd/thumbnail_lt6409c0d62d98c.jpg) 09 Mar 2023 [ #### Jerat Pasal Penganiayaan Anak yang Menyebabkan Koma ](/klinik/a/jerat-pasal-penganiayaan-anak-lt4f12a3f7630d1/) ![Jerat Pasal Penganiayaan Anak yang Menyebabkan Koma](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt4f12a3f7630d1/thumbnail_lt63fd570f1cd2b.jpg) 27 Feb 2023 [](#!) **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran ketiga dari artikel berjudul _Penerapan Pidana Penjara Bagi Anak_ yang dibuat oleh [Ilman Hadi, S.H.](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/penjawab/lt4fbded50bf741/mitra/lt4b457ff0c3e1b/ilman-hadi--sh/) dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Jumat, 20 Juli 2012, yang dimutakhirkan pertama kali pada 10 Maret 2016, dan dimutakhirkan kedua kali pada Jumat, 7 Januari 2022.** Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika)**.** ### **Pengertian Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak** Penting diketahui pidana penjara terhadap anak hanya digunakan sebagai upaya terakhir.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Hal ini karena sistem peradilan pidana anak dilaksanakan berdasarkan asas perampasan kemerdekaan dan pemidanaan sebagai upaya terakhir.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Setiap anak dalam proses peradilan pidana berhak tidak ditangkap, ditahan, atau dipenjara, kecuali sebagai upaya terakhir dan dalam waktu yang paling singkat.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) **Pasal 1 angka 1** [**UU SPPA**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5024cc61e623d/undang-undang-nomor-11-tahun-2012?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_11_2012) menerangkan bahwa sistem peradilan pidana anak adalah keseluruhan proses penyelesaian perkara anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum, mulai tahapan penyelidikan sampai tahap pembimbingan setelah menjalani pidana. ### **Anak Berhadapan dengan Hukum** Dari pertanyaan Anda, “anak” dalam hal ini adalah anak yang melakukan tindak pidana. Sebagai informasi, UU SPPA membagi tiga definisi anak yang berhubungan dengan tindak pidana sebagai berikut: 1. Anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum adalah anak yang telah berumur 12 tahun, tetapi belum berumur 18 tahun yang diduga melakukan tindak pidana.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) 2. Anak yang menjadi korban tindak pidana (anak korban) adalah anak yang belum berumur 18 tahun yang mengalami penderitaan fisik, mental, dan/atau kerugian ekonomi yang disebabkan oleh tindak pidana.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) 3. Anak yang menjadi saksi tindak pidana (anak saksi) adalah anak yang belum berumur 18 tahun yang dapat memberikan keterangan guna kepentingan penyidikan, penuntutan, dan pemeriksaan di sidang pengadilan tentang suatu perkara pidana yang didengar, dilihat, dan/atau dialaminya sendiri.[\[6\]](#_ftn6) ### **Anak Belum Cukup Umur** Batas umur bagi Anak untuk dapat diajukan ke sidang anak didasarkan pada pertimbangan sosiologis, psikologis, dan pedagogis adalah 12 tahun. Dinyatakan bahwa anak yang belum mencapai umur 12 tahun dianggap belum dapat mempertanggungjawabkan perbuatannya.[\[7\]](#_ftn7) Jika anak belum berumur 12 tahun melakukan atau diduga melakukan tindak pidana, penyidik, pembimbing kemasyarakatan, dan pekerja sosial akan mengambil keputusan sebagai berikut: 1. menyerahkannya kembali kepada orang tua/wali; atau 2. mengikutsertakannya dalam program pendidikan, pembinaan, dan pembimbingan di instansi pemerintah atau Lembaga Penyelenggaraan Kesejahteraan Sosial (LPKS) di instansi terkait, maksimal 6 bulan. ### **Pendekatan Restoratif dan Diversi** Sistem peradilan pidana anak wajib mengutamakan pendekatan keadilan restoratif dan diversi.[\[8\]](#_ftn8) Keadilan restoratif adalah proses penyelesaian perkara tindak pidana dengan melibatkan pelaku, korban, keluarga pelaku/korban, dan pihak lain terkait dengan tujuan mencari penyelesaian yang adil **bersama-sama** dengan **menekankan pemulihan kembali pada keadaan semua**, bukan pembalasan.[\[9\]](#_ftn9) Keadilan restoratif yang dimaksud meliputi:[\[10\]](#_ftn10) 1. penyidikan dan penuntutan pidana anak sesuai ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan, kecuali ditentukan lain dalam UU SPPA; 2. persidangan anak oleh pengadilan di lingkungan peradilan umum; dan 3. pembinaan, pembimbingan, pengawasan, dan/atau pendampingan selama proses pelaksanaan pidana atau tindakan dan setelah menjalani pidana atau tindakan. Diversi dalam sistem peradilan pidana anak wajib diupayakan dalam lingkup keadilan restoratif poin a dan b di atas.[\[11\]](#_ftn11) Diversi adalah pengalihan penyelesaian perkara anak dari proses peradilan pidana ke proses di luar peradilan pidana.[\[12\]](#_ftn12) Adapun tujuan dilakukannya diversi, antara lain:[\[13\]](#_ftn13) * mencapai perdamaian antara korban dan anak; * menyelesaikan perkara anak di luar proses peradilan; * menghindarkan anak dari perampasan kemerdekaan; * mendorong masyarakat untuk berpartisipasi; dan * menanamkan rasa tanggung jawab kepada anak. Apabila proses diversi tidak menghasilkan kesepakatan dan/atau kesepakatan diversi tidak dilaksanakan, barulah proses peradilan pidana anak dapat dilanjutkan.[\[14\]](#_ftn14) Baca juga: [**Upayakan Diversi, Begini Prosedur Peradilan Pidana Anak**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/upayakan-diversi--begini-prosedur-peradilan-pidana-anak-cl4775?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=diversi_anak) ### **Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak (“LPKA”)** Perlu diketahui, “penjara anak” yang anda sebutkan bukanlah istilah yang dikenal dalam UU SPPA. Kami luruskan bahwa istilah yang digunakan dalam UU SPPA adalah Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak (“LPKA”). LPKA adalah lembaga atau tempat anak menjalani masa pidananya.[\[15\]](#_ftn15) Terkait LPKA ini, dalam UU SPPA diatur bahwa setiap lembaga pemasyarakatan anak harus melakukan perubahan sistem menjadi LPKA sesuai dengan UU SPPA paling lama 3 tahun.[\[16\]](#_ftn16) Kementerian yang menyelenggarakan urusan pemerintahan di bidang hukum juga wajib membangun LPKA di provinsi paling lama 5 tahun setelah berlakunya UU SPPA.[\[17\]](#_ftn17) Menjawab pertanyaan Anda soal anak yang di penjara, merujuk pada penjelasan di atas, anak tidak ditempatkan di penjara orang dewasa. Anak yang dijatuhi pidana penjara ditempatkan di LPKA.[\[18\]](#_ftn18) Apabila di dalam suatu daerah belum terdapat LPKA, anak dapat ditempatkan di lembaga pemasyarakatan yang penempatannya terpisah dari orang dewasa.[\[19\]](#_ftn19) ### **Penggolongan dalam LPKA** Pemisahan penjara merupakan salah satu dari sekian perbedaan sistem peradilan anak dengan orang dewasa. Sebab, berdasarkan undang-undang, dalam proses peradilan pidana, tempat tahanan anak dipisahkan dari orang dewasa dengan tujuan agar anak terhindar dari pengaruh yang kurang baik.[\[20\]](#_ftn20) Di dalam LPKA, penempatan anak dikelompokkan berdasarkan umur, jenis kelamin, atau alasan lain sesuai dengan asesmen risiko dan kebutuhan yang dilakukan oleh asesor pemasyarakatan.[\[21\]](#_ftn21) Atau dengan kata lain, “penjara” anak dalam sistem peradilan pidana anak tidak hanya dipisahkan dari orang dewasa, namun juga dipisahkan lagi berdasarkan umur, jenis kelamin, atau alasan lainnya. Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5024cc61e623d/undang-undang-nomor-11-tahun-2012?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_11_2012) Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2022 tentang Pemasyarakatan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt62ecc034aecfa/undang-undang-nomor-22-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_22_2022) Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 27 Tahun 1983 tentang Pelaksanaan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/2854/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-27-tahun-1983/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_27_1983) Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 58 Tahun 2010 tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 27 Tahun 1983 tentang Pelaksanaan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4c6e323cc8dab?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_58_2010) Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 92 Tahun 2015 tentang Perubahan Kedua Atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 27 Tahun 1983 tentang Pelaksanaan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5672586e72654?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_92_2015) * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Pasal 81 ayat (5) [Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5024cc61e623d/undang-undang-nomor-11-tahun-2012?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_11_2012) (“UU SPPA”) [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal 2 huruf i UU SPPA [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 3 huruf g UU SPPA [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 1 angka 3 UU SPPA [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Pasal 1 angka 4 UU SPPA [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Pasal 1 angka 5 UU SPPA [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Penjelasan Pasal 21 ayat (1) UU SPPA [\[8\]](#_ftnref8) Pasal 5 ayat (1) dan (3) UU SPPA [\[9\]](#_ftnref9) Pasal 1 angka 6 UU SPPA [\[10\]](#_ftnref10) Pasal 5 ayat (2) UU SPPA [\[11\]](#_ftnref11) Pasal 5 ayat (3) UU SPPA [\[12\]](#_ftnref12) Pasal 1 angka 7 UU SPPA [\[13\]](#_ftnref13) Pasal 6 UU SPPA [\[14\]](#_ftnref14) Pasal 13 UU SPPA [\[15\]](#_ftnref15) Pasal 1 angka 20 UU SPPA [\[16\]](#_ftnref16) Pasal 104 UU SPPA [\[17\]](#_ftnref17) Pasal 105 ayat (1) huruf e UU SPPA [\[18\]](#_ftnref18) Pasal 85 ayat (1) UU SPPA [\[19\]](#_ftnref19) Penjelasan Pasal 85 ayat (1) UU SPPA [\[20\]](#_ftnref20) Pasal 3 huruf b UU SPPA jo. Pasal 19 ayat (2) [Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 27 Tahun 1983 tentang Pelaksanaan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/2854/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-27-tahun-1983/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_27_1983) dan penjelasannya [\[21\]](#_ftnref21) Pasal 48 ayat (4) [Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2022 tentang Pemasyarakatan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt62ecc034aecfa/undang-undang-nomor-22-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_22_2022) Tags ---- [anak](/tag/anak) [lembaga pemasyarakatan](/tag/lembaga-pemasyarakatan) [peradilan pidana anak](/tag/peradilan-pidana-anak) [pidana](/tag/pidana) [pidana anak](/tag/pidana-anak) [sistem peradilan pidana anak](/tag/sistem-peradilan-pidana-anak) [tindak pidana](/tag/tindak-pidana)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul Hak Akses Data Nasabah untuk Kepentingan Gugatan Harta Bersama yang dibuat oleh Sovia Hasanah, S.H. dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Rabu, 30 Januari 2019. Putusan MK tentang Pembukaan Data Nasabah dalam PerceraianSebelumnya, kami akan menerangkan terlebih dahulu isi dari Putusan MK No. 64/PUU-X/2012 yang merupakan putusan dari permohonan uji materiil Pasal 40 ayat (1) dan ayat (2) UU 10/1998, yang selengkapnya berbunyi sebagai berikut.Bank wajib merahasiakan keterangan mengenai nasabah penyimpan dan simpanannya, kecuali dalam hal sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 41, Pasal 41A, Pasal 42, Pasal 43, Pasal 44, dan Pasal 44A.Ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (1) berlaku pula bagi pihak terafiliasi.Dalam putusan disebutkan pemohon merupakan penggugat dalam gugatan perceraian. Ia dalam gugatannya mencantumkan sejumlah harta bersama berupa tabungan dan deposito atas nama suami pemohon di bank. Namun suami pemohon tidak mengakui adanya tabungan dan deposito tersebut. Pemohon lalu mengajukan permohonan penjelasan pengenai keberadaan tabungan dan deposito suami pemohon kepada bank. Sayangnya, bank tersebut tidak dapat mengeluarkan data nasabah dan simpanannya terkait rahasia bank berdasarkan Pasal 40 ayat (1) dan (2) UU 10/1998. Pemohon merasa dirugikan dengan penerapan pasal a quo karena mengakibatkan pemohon kesulitan untuk mendapatkan hak atas harta bersamanya (hal. 3-5).Pemohon ingin mempertahankan hak konstitusionalnya sebagaimana tercantum dalam Pasal 28G ayat (1) dan Pasal 28H ayat (4) UUD 1945, yang berbunyi sebagai berikut.Pasal 28G ayat (1) UUD 1945 Setiap orang berhak akan perlindungan diri pribadi, keluarga, kehormatan, martabat, dan harta benda yang dibawah kekuasaannya, serta berhak atas rasa aman dan perlindungan dari ancaman ketakutan untuk berbuat atau tidak berbuat sesuatu yang merupakan hak asasi. Pasal 28H ayat (4) UUD 1945 Setiap orang berhak mempunyai hak milik pribadi dan hak milik tersebut tidak boleh diambil alih secara sewenang-wenang oleh siapapun.Sedangkan dalam Pasal 35 UU Perkawinan mengatur harta benda yang diperoleh selama perkawinan menjadi harta bersama. Dalam harta bersama, suami atau istri dapat bertindak atas persetujuan kedua belah pihak.[1] Harta bersama diatur menurut hukumnya masing-masing apabila perkawinan putus karena perceraian.[2]Sementara itu, dalam Pasal 1 huruf f KHI menyatakan bahwa harta kekayaan dalam perkawinan (harta bersama) yaitu harta yang diperoleh baik sendiri-sendiri atau bersama suami-istri selama dalam ikatan perkawinan berlangsung, tanpa mempersoalkan terdaftar atas nama siapapun.Kembali menyambung pada isi putusan, menurut MK akan lebih memenuhi rasa keadilan apabila data nasabah juga harus dibuka untuk kepentingan peradilan perdata terkait dengan harta bersama, karena harta bersama adalah harta milik bersama suami dan istri, sehingga suami dan/atau istri harus mendapat perlindungan atas haknya tersebut dan tidak boleh diambil secara sewenang-wenang oleh salah satu pihak (hal. 29). Pada amar putusan, Pasal 40 ayat (1) UU 10/1998 dinyatakan tidak mempunyai kekuatan hukum mengikat sepanjang tidak dimaknai termasuk untuk kepentingan peradilan mengenai harta bersama dalam perkara perceraian (hal. 32). Pembukaan Data Nasabah untuk Kepentingan Peradilan Menurut UU 4/2023Selanjutnya, patut Anda catat, Putusan MK No. 64/PUU-X/2012 mengubah Pasal 40 ayat (1) UU 10/1998. Namun kini bunyi pasal terkait telah diubah dengan UU 4/2023 yang mana Pasal 14 angka 37 UU 4/2023 yang mengubah Pasal 40 ayat (1) UU 10/1998 selengkapnya berbunyi sebagai berikut.Bank dan pihak terafiliasi wajib merahasiakan informasi mengenai nasabah penyimpan dan simpanannya.Dalam hal nasabah penyimpan sekaligus sebagai nasabah debitur, bank dan pihak terafiliasi wajib merahasiakan informasi mengenai nasabah dalam kedudukannya sebagai nasabah penyimpan.Namun demikian, Anda tetap dapat berpedoman pada Pasal 14 angka 38 UU 4/2023 yang memuat baru Pasal 40A ayat (1) huruf a UU Perbankan yang menyebutkan ketentuan Pasal 40 UU 4/2023 tidak berlaku untuk salah satunya kepentingan peradilan dalam perkara perdata antara bank dan nasabah, nasabah dan nasabah, dan terkait dengan nasabah.Dengan demikian rujukan Pasal 40A ayat (1) huruf a jo. Pasal 40 tersebut di atas bisa dijadikan pedoman untuk membuka data nasabah untuk kepentingan peradilan dalam perkara perdata di antaranya peradilan umum dan peradilan agama, termasuk untuk kepentingan peradilan mengenai harta bersama dalam perceraian dan dalam rangka pemulihan aset.[3]Ketentuan tersebut juga berlaku untuk Bank Syariah dan Unit Usaha Syariah (“UUS”) pada Pasal 15 angka 29 UU 4/2023 yang memuat baru Pasal 41A UU Perbankan Syariah yang menjelaskan bahwa ketentuan kerahasiaan informasi mengenai nasabah penyimpan dan simpananannya pada bank dikecualikan untuk kepentingan peradilan dalam perkara perdata Bank Syariah dan UUS dengan nasabah, nasabah dengan nasabah, dan terkait dengan nasabah, yang juga mencakup kepentingan mengenai harta bersama dalam perceraian dan dalam rangka pemulihan aset.[4]Sehingga menjawab pertanyaan Anda, berdasarkan amar Putusan MK No. 64/PUU-X/2012 dan UU 4/2023, betul bahwa bank dapat membuka data nasabah untuk keperluan gugatan pembagian harta bersama dalam perceraian. Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. Dasar Hukum:Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945;Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan sebagaimana diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan;Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 tentang Perbankan sebagaimana diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 tentang Perbankan;Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 tentang Perbankan Syariah;Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2023 tentang Pengembangan dan Penguatan Sektor Keuangan;Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja yang telah disahkan menjadi undang-undang pada 21 Maret 2023;Instruksi Presiden Nomor 1 Tahun 1991 tentang Penyebarluasan Kompilasi Hukum Islam. Putusan:Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 64/PUU-X/2012.[1] Pasal 36 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan (“UU Perkawinan”)[2] Pasal 37 UU Perkawinan[3] Pasal 14 angka 38 Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2023 tentang Pengembangan dan Penguatan Sektor Keuangan (“UU 4/2023”) yang memuat baru Pasal 40A ayat (1) huruf a Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 tentang Perbankan dan penjelasannya[4] Pasal 15 angka 29 UU 4/2023 yang memuat baru Pasal 41A Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 tentang Perbankan Syariah dan penjelasannyaTagsbankceraigugatanhartaharta bersamakeluarga dan perkawinanperbankanperceraianperkawinanpernikahan
Dalam putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 64/PUU-X/2012, apakah bank dapat membuka data nasabah untuk keperluan gugatan pembagian harta bersama dalam suatu gugatan perceraian?
Putusan MK No. 64/PUU-X/2012 merupakan putusan dari permohonan uji materiil Pasal 40 ayat (1) dan ayat (2) UU 10/1998 yang memberikan perluasan makna bahwa kepentingan peradilan mengenai harta bersama dalam perkara perceraian termasuk pengecualian dari data nasabah yang wajib dirahasiakan bank. Namun kini pasal terkait telah diubah bunyinya dengan UU 4/2023. Bagaimana kini bunyi pasal tersebut dan bisakah data nasabah dibuka untuk keperluan gugatan pembagian harta bersama dalam suatu gugatan perceraian?   Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Langkah Jika Jual Beli Tanah HGB yang Belum Balik Nama15 Mei 2024Somasi: Pengertian, Dasar Hukum, dan Cara Membuatnya 7 Jun 2023Cara dan Biaya Mengurus Perceraian Tanpa Pengacara25 Apr 2024Langkah Jika Jual Beli Tanah HGB yang Belum Balik Nama15 Mei 2024Somasi: Pengertian, Dasar Hukum, dan Cara Membuatnya 7 Jun 2023Cara dan Biaya Mengurus Perceraian Tanpa Pengacara25 Apr 2024
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/bolehkah-buka-data-nasabah-untuk-keperluan-gugatan-harta-bersama-lt5c4b2d96b34e6/
Bolehkah Buka Data Nasabah untuk Keperluan Gugatan Harta Bersama?
pages/151/page-4.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul _Hak Akses Data Nasabah untuk Kepentingan Gugatan Harta Bersama_ yang dibuat oleh [Sovia Hasanah, S.H.](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/sovia-hasanah--sh-lt57d2913a130b4) dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Rabu, 30 Januari 2019.** ### **Putusan MK tentang Pembukaan Data Nasabah dalam Perceraian** Sebelumnya, kami akan menerangkan terlebih dahulu isi dari [**Putusan MK No. 64/PUU-X/2012**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5c10cd5dacc9c/putusan-mahkamah-konstitusi-nomor-64-puu-x-2012?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=MK_64_2012) yang merupakan putusan dari permohonan uji materiil **Pasal 40 ayat (1) dan ayat (2)** [**UU 10/1998**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/334?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_10_1998), yang selengkapnya berbunyi sebagai berikut. 1. Bank wajib merahasiakan keterangan mengenai nasabah penyimpan dan simpanannya, kecuali dalam hal sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 41, Pasal 41A, Pasal 42, Pasal 43, Pasal 44, dan Pasal 44A. 2. Ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (1) berlaku pula bagi pihak terafiliasi. Dalam putusan disebutkan pemohon merupakan penggugat dalam gugatan perceraian. Ia dalam gugatannya mencantumkan sejumlah harta bersama berupa tabungan dan deposito atas nama suami pemohon di bank. Namun suami pemohon tidak mengakui adanya tabungan dan deposito tersebut. Pemohon lalu mengajukan permohonan penjelasan pengenai keberadaan tabungan dan deposito suami pemohon kepada bank. Sayangnya, bank tersebut tidak dapat mengeluarkan data nasabah dan simpanannya terkait rahasia bank berdasarkan Pasal 40 ayat (1) dan (2) UU 10/1998. Pemohon merasa dirugikan dengan penerapan pasal _a quo_ karena mengakibatkan pemohon kesulitan untuk mendapatkan hak atas harta bersamanya (hal. 3-5). Pemohon ingin mempertahankan hak konstitusionalnya sebagaimana tercantum dalam **Pasal 28G ayat (1) dan Pasal 28H ayat (4)** [**UUD 1945**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4ca2eb6dd2834/undang-undang-dasar-1945?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UUD_1945), yang berbunyi sebagai berikut. **Pasal 28G ayat (1) UUD 1945** _Setiap orang berhak akan perlindungan diri pribadi, keluarga, kehormatan, martabat, dan harta benda yang dibawah kekuasaannya, serta berhak atas rasa aman dan perlindungan dari ancaman ketakutan untuk berbuat atau tidak berbuat sesuatu yang merupakan hak asasi._ **Pasal 28H ayat (4) UUD 1945** _Setiap orang berhak mempunyai hak milik pribadi dan hak milik tersebut tidak boleh diambil alih secara sewenang-wenang oleh siapapun._ Sedangkan dalam **Pasal 35** [**UU Perkawinan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26834/undangundang-nomor-1-tahun-1974?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_Perkawinan) mengatur harta benda yang diperoleh selama perkawinan menjadi harta bersama. Dalam harta bersama, suami atau istri dapat bertindak atas persetujuan kedua belah pihak.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Harta bersama diatur menurut hukumnya masing-masing apabila perkawinan putus karena perceraian.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Sementara itu, dalam **Pasal 1 huruf f** [**KHI**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13200/instruksi-presiden-nomor-1-tahun-1991/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KHI) menyatakan bahwa harta kekayaan dalam perkawinan (harta bersama) yaitu harta yang diperoleh baik sendiri-sendiri atau bersama suami-istri selama dalam ikatan perkawinan berlangsung, tanpa mempersoalkan terdaftar atas nama siapapun. Kembali menyambung pada isi putusan, menurut MK akan lebih memenuhi rasa keadilan apabila data nasabah juga harus dibuka untuk kepentingan peradilan perdata terkait dengan harta bersama, karena harta bersama adalah harta milik bersama suami dan istri, sehingga suami dan/atau istri harus mendapat perlindungan atas haknya tersebut dan tidak boleh diambil secara sewenang-wenang oleh salah satu pihak (hal. 29).  Pada amar putusan, Pasal 40 ayat (1) UU 10/1998 dinyatakan tidak mempunyai kekuatan hukum mengikat sepanjang tidak dimaknai termasuk untuk kepentingan peradilan mengenai harta bersama dalam perkara perceraian (hal. 32). ### **Pembukaan Data Nasabah untuk Kepentingan Peradilan Menurut UU 4/2023** Selanjutnya, patut Anda catat, Putusan MK No. 64/PUU-X/2012 mengubah Pasal 40 ayat (1) UU 10/1998. Namun kini bunyi pasal terkait telah diubah dengan [**UU 4/2023**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63c23d76b51e4?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_4_2023) yang mana **Pasal 14 angka 37 UU 4/2023 yang mengubah Pasal 40 ayat (1) UU 10/1998** selengkapnya berbunyi sebagai berikut. 1. Bank dan pihak terafiliasi wajib merahasiakan informasi mengenai nasabah penyimpan dan simpanannya. 2. Dalam hal nasabah penyimpan sekaligus sebagai nasabah debitur, bank dan pihak terafiliasi wajib merahasiakan informasi mengenai nasabah dalam kedudukannya sebagai nasabah penyimpan. Namun demikian, Anda tetap dapat berpedoman pada **Pasal 14 angka 38 UU 4/2023 yang memuat baru** **Pasal 40A ayat (1) huruf a** [**UU Perbankan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/843/undangundang-nomor-7-tahun-1992/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_7_1992) yang menyebutkan ketentuan Pasal 40 UU 4/2023 tidak berlaku untuk salah satunya **kepentingan peradilan dalam perkara perdata** antara bank dan nasabah, nasabah dan nasabah, dan **terkait dengan nasabah**. Dengan demikian rujukan Pasal 40A ayat (1) huruf a _jo._ Pasal 40 tersebut di atas bisa dijadikan pedoman untuk membuka data nasabah untuk kepentingan peradilan dalam perkara perdata di antaranya peradilan umum dan peradilan agama, termasuk untuk kepentingan peradilan mengenai harta bersama dalam perceraian dan dalam rangka pemulihan aset.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Ketentuan tersebut juga berlaku untuk Bank Syariah dan Unit Usaha Syariah (“UUS”) pada **Pasal 15 angka 29 UU 4/2023 yang memuat baru Pasal 41A** [**UU Perbankan Syariah**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/28067/undangundang-nomor-21-tahun-2008/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_21_2008) yang menjelaskan bahwa ketentuan kerahasiaan informasi mengenai nasabah penyimpan dan simpananannya pada bank dikecualikan untuk kepentingan peradilan dalam perkara perdata Bank Syariah dan UUS dengan nasabah, nasabah dengan nasabah, dan terkait dengan nasabah, yang juga mencakup kepentingan mengenai harta bersama dalam perceraian dan dalam rangka pemulihan aset.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) Sehingga menjawab pertanyaan Anda, berdasarkan amar Putusan MK No. 64/PUU-X/2012 dan UU 4/2023, betul bahwa bank dapat membuka data nasabah untuk keperluan gugatan pembagian harta bersama dalam perceraian. Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. Dasar Hukum: 1. [Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4ca2eb6dd2834/undang-undang-dasar-1945?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UUD_1945); 2. [Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26834/undangundang-nomor-1-tahun-1974?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_Perkawinan) sebagaimana diubah dengan [Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5dafedf4cd014/undang-undang-nomor-16-tahun-2019?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_16_2019); 3. [Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 tentang Perbankan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/843/undangundang-nomor-7-tahun-1992/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_7_1992) sebagaimana diubah dengan [Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 tentang Perbankan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/334?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_10_1998); 4. [Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 tentang Perbankan Syariah](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/28067/undangundang-nomor-21-tahun-2008/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_21_2008); 5. [Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2023 tentang Pengembangan dan Penguatan Sektor Keuangan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63c23d76b51e4?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_4_2023); 6. [Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022) yang telah disahkan menjadi undang-undang pada 21 Maret 2023; 7. [Instruksi Presiden Nomor 1 Tahun 1991 tentang Penyebarluasan Kompilasi Hukum Islam](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13200/instruksi-presiden-nomor-1-tahun-1991/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KHI). Putusan: [Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 64/PUU-X/2012](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5c10cd5dacc9c/putusan-mahkamah-konstitusi-nomor-64-puu-x-2012?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=MK_64_2012). * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Pasal 36 ayat (1) [Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26834/undangundang-nomor-1-tahun-1974?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_Perkawinan) (“UU Perkawinan”) [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal 37 UU Perkawinan [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 14 angka 38 [Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2023 tentang Pengembangan dan Penguatan Sektor Keuangan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63c23d76b51e4?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_4_2023) (“UU 4/2023”) yang memuat baru Pasal 40A ayat (1) huruf a [Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 tentang Perbankan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/843/undangundang-nomor-7-tahun-1992/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_7_1992) dan penjelasannya [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 15 angka 29 UU 4/2023 yang memuat baru Pasal 41A [Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 tentang Perbankan Syariah](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/28067/undangundang-nomor-21-tahun-2008/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_21_2008) dan penjelasannya Tags ---- [bank](/tag/bank) [cerai](/tag/cerai) [gugatan](/tag/gugatan) [harta](/tag/harta) [harta bersama](/tag/harta-bersama) [keluarga dan perkawinan](/tag/keluarga-dan-perkawinan) [perbankan](/tag/perbankan) [perceraian](/tag/perceraian) [perkawinan](/tag/perkawinan) [pernikahan](/tag/pernikahan)
ULASAN LENGKAPThis article is an English translation of Ini Syarat Barang Pribadi yang Tidak Kena Bea Cukai written by Bernadetha Aurelia Oktavira, S.H., and was published on Monday, 27 March 2023.This article below is an update of the article entitled Imposition of Import Duty on Personal Souvenirs from Abroad (Pengenaan Bea Masuk Terhadap Oleh-Oleh Pribadi Dari Luar Negeri), which was first written by Sovia Hasanah, S.H. and was first published on Wednesday, 11 January 2017, and first updated on Wednesday, 3 January 2018.All legal information available on Klinik hukumonline.com has been prepared for educational purposes only and is general in nature (read the complete Disclaimer). In order to obtain legal advice specific to your case, please consult with Justika Partner Consultant.Goods from Overseas/Abroad that are Subject to CustomsBefore answering your question about what items are subject to customs duties at the airport, it is important to first understand the meaning of customs duties and excise. Import duty is a state levy imposed on imported goods as mentioned in Article 1 number 15 Law 17/2006. When goods enter the customs area, then it will be determined when the goods are subject to import duty and constitute a juridical basis for customs and excise officials to conduct supervision.[1]Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Furthermore, according to Article 1 number 1 Law 39/2007, an excise is a state levy imposed on certain goods which have the nature or characteristics such as:[2]their consumption needs to be controlled;their distribution needs to be monitored;their use may have a negative impact on the community or the environment; ortheir use requires the imposition of state levies in the context of justice and balance and shall be subject to excise based on this law.Non-Customs GoodsIn relation to your question regarding the personal belongings of passengers from abroad, whether they are non-duty goods or excisable goods at airports, it is important that you note the requirements for customs-passing goods for passengers' personal goods for personal use, including personal use obtained from outside the customs area with a maximum customs value of FOB USD500.00 per person for each arrival shall be granted import duty exemption a.k.a non-customs goods.[3]Conversely, if the customs value of passenger personal goods obtained from outside the customs area exceeds the customs value limit, then import duties and taxes in the context of imports shall be levied on the excess based on the overall customs value minus the customs value for which import duties are exempted.[4]In order to determine whether the goods in question exceed the value or not, then an examination through the red route is carried out, i.e. when passengers or crews of transportation facilities carry imported goods as follows:[5]goods obtained from outside customs and excise territory and which will not be repatriated to the outside of customs and excise territory, with customs and excise value exceeding the threshold entitled to import duty exemption and/or exceeding the amount of excisable goods entitled to exemptions of import duty and/or excise;animals, fishes, and/or plants, including products originating from animals, fishes, and/or plants;narcotics, psychotropics, precursors, medicines, firearms, airsoft guns, bladed weapons, munitions, explosives, or pornographic publications/materials;hard cash and/or other payment instruments with a minimum value of IDR 100,000,000.00 (one hundred million rupiahs) or foreign currency of equivalent value; and/orgoods that are categorized as imported goods carried by passengers or imported goods carried by transportation crews other than personal belongings (non-personal use).In addition, the requirement for goods to pass customs upon passengers' personal goods which are excisable goods shall be granted with import duty and excise exemptions for each adult in the maximum amount:[6]200 (two hundred) sticks of cigarettes, 25 (twenty five) sticks of cigars, or 100 (one hundred) grams of cut tobaccos/other tobacco products; and/or1 (one) liter of alcoholic beverages.In the event of other tobacco products are comprised of more than 1 (one) type of tobacco product, then the exemption of import duty and/or excise is granted on par with the ratio of amount for each type of other tobacco product in question.[7]In the event of the customs and excise value of personal belonging of passengers obtained from outside customs and excise territory are excisable goods which exceeded the amount as we explained, the excessive amount in question is directly eradicated by customs and excise officials with or without being witnessed by the passenger in question.[8]Thus, if you wish to bring your personal belongings with you, such as laptops and cell phones, which were purchased while studying abroad, they will be subject to import duty, while if you wish to receive duty-free goods from abroad, a.k.a non-customs goods, then the maximum customs value that is determined must not be exceeded. Customs and excise officials shall stipulate import-duty tariffs on imports of passengers' personal goods whose value exceeds the customs value threshold for which the import-duty exemption is granted.[9]The determination of tariffs for passenger-carrying imported goods in the form of passengers' personal goods used for personal use, including personal use, which has a customs value exceeding FOB USD500.00 shall apply as follows:[10]the import duty tariff is set at 10% (ten percent); andthe customs and excise value is set based on the total customs and excise value of imported goods carried by passenger after being deducted by FOB USD 500.00 (five hundred United States Dollars).Enrich your legal research with the latest bilingual legal analysis, as well as the collection of regulatory translations integrated into Hukumonline Pro, click here to learn more.These are the answers we can provide, we hope you will find them useful.Legal Basis:Law Number 10 of 1995 on Customs as amended by Law Number 17 of 2006 on the Amendment to Law Number 10 of 1995 on Customs;Law Number 11 of 1995 on Excise as amended by Law Number 39 of 2007 on the Amendment to Law Number 11 of 1995 on Excise;Regulation of Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia Number 203/Pmk.04/2017 of 2017 on Provisions for the Export and Import of Goods Carried by Passengers and Transportation Crews.[1] Elucidation to Article 2 section (1) Law Number 17 of 2006 on the Amendment to Law Number 10 of 1995 on Customs (“Law 17/2006”).[2] Article 2 Law Number 39 of 2007 on the Amendment to Law Number 11 of 1995 on Excise (“Law 39/2007”).[3] Article 12 section (1) Regulation of Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia Number 203/Pmk.04/2017 of 2017 on Provisions for the Export and Import of Goods Carried by Passengers and Transportation Crews (“Regulations of Ministry of Finance 203/2017”).[4] Article 12 section (2) Regulations of Ministry of Finance 203/2017.[5] Article 17 section (1) jo. Article 7 section (3) letter a jo. Article 7 section (1) letter b Regulations of Ministry of Finance 203/2017.[6] Article 13 section (1) Regulations of Ministry of Finance 203/2017.[7] Article 13 section (2) Regulations of Ministry of Finance 203/2017.[8] Article 13 section (3) Regulations of Ministry of Finance 203/2017.[9] Article 23 letter a jo. Article 7 section (3) letter a and Article 7 section (1) letter a Regulations of Ministry of Finance 203/2017.[10] Article 24 section (1) Regulations of Ministry of Finance 203/2017.Tagsklinik english edition
I have just finished studying in Japan and will return to Indonesia with my personal belongings. However, I have heard that customs officials at the airport impose taxes on personal items, such as laptops or cell phones, which I purchased in Japan. Thus, what goods are exactly subject to excise duty at airports?
Personal belongings of passengers for personal use, including personal use, which are obtained from outside the customs area are basically subject to import duty exemptions as long as they do not exceed the maximum FOB limit of USD500.00 per person for each arrival. If the maximum limit is exceeded, import duties and taxes are levied on the excess. Please read the review below for a further explanation. Kiat-kiat Membeli Tanah Girik yang Aman4 Jun 2024Cara Mengurus Akta Cerai yang Hilang19 Mei 2023Ingin Rujuk, Begini Cara Cabut Gugatan Cerai di Pengadilan1 Sep 2023Kiat-kiat Membeli Tanah Girik yang Aman4 Jun 2024Cara Mengurus Akta Cerai yang Hilang19 Mei 2023Ingin Rujuk, Begini Cara Cabut Gugatan Cerai di Pengadilan1 Sep 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/these-are-the-non-customs-requirements-for-personal-goods-lt6426b7aa8db8b/
These are the Non-Customs Requirements for Personal Goods
pages/151/page-5.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- This article is an English translation of [_**Ini Syarat Barang Pribadi yang Tidak Kena Bea Cukai**_](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/barang-yang-tidak-kena-bea-cukai-lt58537edd7a26f/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=syarat_barang_pribadi_tidak_kena_bea_cukai) written by [**Bernadetha Aurelia Oktavira, S.H.**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/bernadetha-aurelia-oktavira--sh-lt5d537b77ab8d5), and was published on Monday, 27 March 2023. **This article below is an update of the article entitled Imposition of Import Duty on Personal Souvenirs from Abroad _(Pengenaan Bea Masuk Terhadap Oleh-Oleh Pribadi Dari Luar Negeri)_, which was first written by** [**Sovia Hasanah, S.H.**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/penjawab/lt57d2913a130b4/mitra/lt4b457ff0c3e1b/sovia-hasanah--sh) **and was first published on Wednesday, 11 January 2017, and first updated on Wednesday, 3 January 2018.** All legal information available on Klinik hukumonline.com has been prepared for educational purposes only and is general in nature (read the complete [**Disclaimer**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer)). In order to obtain legal advice specific to your case, please consult with [**Justika Partner Consultant**](https://www.justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Goods from Overseas/Abroad that are Subject to Customs** Before answering your question about what items are subject to customs duties at the airport, it is important to first understand the meaning of customs duties and excise. **Import duty** is a state levy imposed on imported goods as mentioned in **Article 1 number 15** [**Law 17/2006**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26069/nprt/825/undangundang-nomor-17-tahun-2006?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_17_2006). When goods enter the customs area, then it will be determined when the goods are subject to import duty and constitute a juridical basis for customs and excise officials to conduct supervision.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Furthermore, according to **Article 1 number 1** [**Law 39/2007**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26939/nprt/918/undangundang-nomor-39-tahun-2007?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_39_2007), an **excise** is a state levy imposed on certain goods which have the nature or characteristics such as:[\[2\]](#_ftn2) 1. their consumption needs to be controlled; 2. their distribution needs to be monitored; 3. their use may have a negative impact on the community or the environment; or 4. their use requires the imposition of state levies in the context of justice and balance and shall be subject to excise based on this law. ### **Non-Customs Goods** In relation to your question regarding the personal belongings of passengers from abroad, whether they are non-duty goods or excisable goods at airports, it is important that you note the **requirements for customs-passing goods for passengers' personal goods** for personal use, including personal use obtained from outside the customs area with a **maximum customs value of FOB USD500.00 per person** for each arrival shall be granted **import duty exemption** a.k.a non-customs goods.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Conversely, if the customs value of passenger personal goods obtained from outside the customs area exceeds the customs value limit, then import duties and taxes in the context of imports shall be levied on the excess based on the overall customs value minus the customs value for which import duties are exempted.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) In order to determine whether the goods in question exceed the value or not, then an examination through the red route is carried out, i.e. when passengers or crews of transportation facilities carry imported goods as follows:[\[5\]](#_ftn5) 1. goods obtained from outside customs and excise territory and which will not be repatriated to the outside of customs and excise territory, with customs and excise value exceeding the threshold entitled to import duty exemption and/or exceeding the amount of excisable goods entitled to exemptions of import duty and/or excise; 2. animals, fishes, and/or plants, including products originating from animals, fishes, and/or plants; 3. narcotics, psychotropics, precursors, medicines, firearms, airsoft guns, bladed weapons, munitions, explosives, or pornographic publications/materials; 4. hard cash and/or other payment instruments with a minimum value of IDR 100,000,000.00 (one hundred million rupiahs) or foreign currency of equivalent value; and/or 5. goods that are categorized as imported goods carried by passengers or imported goods carried by transportation crews other than personal belongings (non-personal use). In addition, the requirement for goods to pass customs upon passengers' personal goods which are excisable goods shall be granted with **import duty and excise exemptions** for each adult in the **maximum amount**:[\[6\]](#_ftn6) 1. 200 (two hundred) sticks of cigarettes, 25 (twenty five) sticks of cigars, or 100 (one hundred) grams of cut tobaccos/other tobacco products; and/or 2. 1 (one) liter of alcoholic beverages. In the event of other tobacco products are comprised of more than 1 (one) type of tobacco product, then the exemption of import duty and/or excise is granted on par with the ratio of amount for each type of other tobacco product in question.[\[7\]](#_ftn7) In the event of the customs and excise value of personal belonging of passengers obtained from outside customs and excise territory are excisable goods which exceeded the amount as we explained, the excessive amount in question is directly eradicated by customs and excise officials with or without being witnessed by the passenger in question.[\[8\]](#_ftn8) Thus, if you wish to bring your personal belongings with you, such as laptops and cell phones, which were purchased while studying abroad, they will be subject to import duty, while if you wish to receive duty-free goods from abroad, a.k.a non-customs goods, then the maximum customs value that is determined must not be exceeded. Customs and excise officials shall stipulate import-duty tariffs on imports of passengers' personal goods whose value exceeds the customs value threshold for which the import-duty exemption is granted.[\[9\]](#_ftn9) The determination of tariffs for passenger-carrying imported goods in the form of passengers' personal goods used for personal use, including personal use, which has a customs value exceeding FOB USD500.00 shall apply as follows:[\[10\]](#_ftn10) 1. the import duty tariff is set at 10% (ten percent); and 2. the customs and excise value is set based on the total customs and excise value of imported goods carried by passenger after being deducted by FOB USD 500.00 (five hundred United States Dollars). Enrich your legal research with the latest bilingual legal analysis, as well as the collection of regulatory translations integrated into Hukumonline Pro, click [**here**](https://pro.hukumonline.com/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=cta&utm_campaign=artikel_klinik) to learn more. These are the answers we can provide, we hope you will find them useful. Legal Basis: 1. [Law Number 10 of 1995 on Customs](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17227/nprt/664/uu-no-10-tahun-1995-kepabeanan?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_10_1985) as amended by [Law Number 17 of 2006 on the Amendment to Law Number 10 of 1995 on Customs](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26069/nprt/825/undangundang-nomor-17-tahun-2006?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_17_2006); 2. [Law Number 11 of 1995 on Excise](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/3964/nprt/664/undangundang-nomor-11-tahun-1995?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_11_1995) as amended by [Law Number 39 of 2007 on the Amendment to Law Number 11 of 1995 on Excise](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26939/nprt/918/undangundang-nomor-39-tahun-2007?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_39_2007); 3. [Regulation of Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia Number 203/Pmk.04/2017 of 2017 on Provisions for the Export and Import of Goods Carried by Passengers and Transportation Crews](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5a4b37d18bc5a/node/534/peraturan-menteri-keuangan-nomor-203-pmk04-2017-tahun-2017?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pmk_203_2017). * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Elucidation to Article 2 section (1) [Law Number 17 of 2006 on the Amendment to Law Number 10 of 1995 on Customs](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26069/nprt/825/undangundang-nomor-17-tahun-2006?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_17_2006) (“Law 17/2006”). [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Article 2 [Law Number 39 of 2007 on the Amendment to Law Number 11 of 1995 on Excise](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26939/nprt/918/undangundang-nomor-39-tahun-2007?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_39_2007) (“Law 39/2007”). [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Article 12 section (1) [Regulation of Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia Number 203/Pmk.04/2017 of 2017 on Provisions for the Export and Import of Goods Carried by Passengers and Transportation Crews](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5a4b37d18bc5a/node/534/peraturan-menteri-keuangan-nomor-203-pmk04-2017-tahun-2017?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pmk_203_2017) (“Regulations of Ministry of Finance 203/2017”). [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Article 12 section (2) Regulations of Ministry of Finance 203/2017. [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Article 17 section (1) _jo._ Article 7 section (3) letter a _jo._ Article 7 section (1) letter b Regulations of Ministry of Finance 203/2017. [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Article 13 section (1) Regulations of Ministry of Finance 203/2017. [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Article 13 section (2) Regulations of Ministry of Finance 203/2017. [\[8\]](#_ftnref8) Article 13 section (3) Regulations of Ministry of Finance 203/2017. [\[9\]](#_ftnref9) Article 23 letter a _jo._ Article 7 section (3) letter a and Article 7 section (1) letter a Regulations of Ministry of Finance 203/2017. [\[10\]](#_ftnref10) Article 24 section (1) Regulations of Ministry of Finance 203/2017. Tags ---- [klinik english edition](/tag/klinik-english-edition)
ULASAN LENGKAPThis article is an English translation of Ketentuan Jam Kerja Selama Ramadan bagi Karyawan Swasta dan ASN Tahun 2023 written by Tri Jata Ayu Pramesti, S.H., and was published on Friday, 24 March 2023.This article below is a second update of the article entitled Provisions on Working Hours During the Month of Ramadan (Ketentuan Jam Kerja Selama Bulan Ramadan), which was first published on 30 April 2019, and first updated on Friday, 1 April 2022.All legal information available on Klinik hukumonline.com has been prepared for educational purposes only and is general in nature (read the complete Disclaimer). In order to obtain legal advice specific to your case, please consult with Justika Partner Consultant.Working hours during Ramadan is a question that is most frequently asked every year. The reason is, the desire to be able to go home early and break the fast (iftar) with their beloved family is certainly the hope of many people. However, is there really a difference between regular working hours and the provisions on working hours during Ramadan?Working Hours According to the LawBelajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Regarding working hours, for private workers, basically, there are no provisions that explicitly regulate the difference between working hours during the month of Ramadan or other religious days with other normal days.The working hours of employees are regulated under the laws and regulations, namely:[1]7 (seven) hours in 1 (one) day and 40 (forty) hours in 1 (one) week for 6 (six) business days in 1 (one) week; or 8 (eight) hours in 1 (one) day and 40 (forty) hours in 1 (one) week for 5 (five) business days in 1 (one) week. Obligations of Employers in relation to the Worship/ Praying Time of WorkersAlthough the rules for working hours during Ramadan do not apply to private employees, in principle, workers' rights to worship or pray must still be fulfilled. This is in accordance with the provisions of Article 80 Law 13/2003 that stipulates entrepreneurs are under an obligation to provide workers with adequate opportunity to perform their religious obligations."Adequate opportunity" means providing a place for worship/praying that allows workers/laborers to perform their worship properly, in accordance with the company's conditions and capabilities.[2]ASN Working Hours During the Month of RamadanAlthough not regulated under the Manpower Law a.k.a Law 13/2003, specifically for State Civil Apparatus (Aparatur Sipil Negara/ “ASN”), the Indonesian National Armed Forces (Tentara Nasional Indonesia/ “TNI”) and the Indonesian National Police (Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia/ “Polri”), working hours during the fasting month are regulated under Circular of the Minister of State Apparatus Empowerment and Bureaucracy Reform 6/2023.The working hours of ASN during the fasting month for 2023 or Ramadan 1444 Hijri are as follows.For Government Agencies which implement 5 (five) business days:Monday to Thursday: 08.00–15.00 with a break from 12.00–12.30.Friday: 8.00–15.30 with a break from 11.30–12.30. For Government Agencies that implement 6 (six) business days:Monday to Thursday, and Saturday: 08.00–14.00 with break time 12.00–12.30.Friday: 8.00–14.00 with a break from 11.30–12.30. The number of effective working hours for Central and Regional Government Agencies that implement five or six business days during Ramadan, shall be at least 32.5 hours per week.The provisions on ASN working hours during the fasting month or rules for working hours during Ramadan shall apply to all state ASN. Both the ASN who work in the office as well as the ASN who work from home.Practices of Working Hours During Ramadan in Private CompaniesAs already mentioned, there are no specific rules relating to working hours during Ramadan for private employees. However, in practice, not a few companies have issued special policies in determining the working hours of Ramadan 2023.These special policies can take the form of implementing work from home, cutting off rest periods, early entry-hour shifts, and up to shortened working hours. These policies were implemented with the consideration that workers who fast need time to travel home and prepare iftar.So, basically for private workers, there are no provisions regarding working hours during the month of Ramadan under the Manpower Law. However, this matter is usually set out in a Decree of the Board of Directors of the company in question. Meanwhile, the working hours during the month of Ramadan for government employees may be further determined by the Heads of the respective Central and Regional Government Agencies by adjusting the local situation and conditions or by using the Circular of the Minister of State Apparatus Empowerment and Bureaucracy Reform 6/2023.These are the answers we can provide, we hope you will find them useful.Legal Basis:Law Number 13 of 2003 on Manpower;Regulation of the Government in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation;Circular of the Minister of State Apparatus Empowerment and Bureaucracy Reform Number 6 of 2023 on Working Hours of State Civil Apparatus during the Month of Ramadan 1444 Hijri in Government Agencies.[1] Article 81 number 23 Regulation of the Government in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation (“Perppu 2/2022”) that amended Article 77 section (2) Law Number 13 of 2003 on Manpower (“Law 13/2003”).[2] Elucidation to Article 80 Law 13/2003.Tagsklinik english edition
I would like to ask about the working hours during Ramadan (fasting) or on other religious days, are the working hours still the same which is 8 hours/day or 40 hours/week? And please provide the legal basis for the regulation.
In essence, for private employees, there are no provisions under the Manpower Law a.k.a Law 13/2003 that explicitly address the difference between working hours during the month of Ramadan or other religious days with other regular days. However, this matter is usually set out in a Decree of the Board of Directors of the company in question. Meanwhile, the working hours of government employees during the month of Ramadan may be further determined by the Heads of the respective Central and Regional Government Agencies by adjusting the local situation or by using the Circular of the Minister of State Apparatus Empowerment and Bureaucracy Reform 6/2023. Please read the review below for a further explanation. Tips Cicil Rumah dengan KPR Agar Terhindar Risiko Hukum2 Apr 2024Simak! Ini 5 Langkah Merger PT 22 Mei 2023Pasal Penipuan Online untuk Menjerat Pelaku27 Des 2022Tips Cicil Rumah dengan KPR Agar Terhindar Risiko Hukum2 Apr 2024Simak! Ini 5 Langkah Merger PT 22 Mei 2023Pasal Penipuan Online untuk Menjerat Pelaku27 Des 2022
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/provisions-on-working-hours-during-ramadan-for-private-and-asn-employees-in-2023-lt6426b66c0cfdf/
Provisions on Working Hours During Ramadan for Private and ASN Employees in 2023
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- This article is an English translation of [**_Ketentuan Jam Kerja Selama Ramadan bagi Karyawan Swasta dan ASN Tahun 2023_**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/jam-kerja-selama-ramadan-cl2864#_ftn1?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=ketentuan_jam_kerja_ramadan_asn) written by [**Tri Jata Ayu Pramesti, S.H.**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/tri-jata-ayu-pramesti--sh-lt5165540a9b53c), and was published on Friday, 24 March 2023. **This article below is a second update of the article entitled Provisions on Working Hours During the Month of Ramadan _(Ketentuan Jam Kerja Selama Bulan Ramadan)_, which was first published on 30 April 2019, and first updated on Friday, 1 April 2022.** All legal information available on Klinik hukumonline.com has been prepared for educational purposes only and is general in nature (read the complete [**Disclaimer**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer)). In order to obtain legal advice specific to your case, please consult with [**Justika Partner Consultant**](https://www.justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). Working hours during Ramadan is a question that is most frequently asked every year. The reason is, the desire to be able to go home early and break the fast (iftar) with their beloved family is certainly the hope of many people. However, is there really a difference between regular working hours and the provisions on working hours during Ramadan? ### **Working Hours According to the Law** Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Regarding working hours, for private workers, basically, there are no provisions that explicitly regulate the difference between working hours during the month of Ramadan or other religious days with other normal days. The working hours of employees are regulated under the laws and regulations, namely:[\[1\]](#_ftn1) 1. 7 (seven) hours in 1 (one) day and 40 (forty) hours in 1 (one) week for 6 (six) business days in 1 (one) week; or 2. 8 (eight) hours in 1 (one) day and 40 (forty) hours in 1 (one) week for 5 (five) business days in 1 (one) week. ### **Obligations of Employers in relation to the Worship/ Praying Time of Workers** Although the rules for working hours during Ramadan do not apply to private employees, in principle, workers' rights to worship or pray must still be fulfilled. This is in accordance with the provisions of **Article 80** [**Law 13/2003**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13146/undangundang-nomor-13-tahun-2003/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_Ketenagakerjaan) that stipulates entrepreneurs are under an obligation to provide workers with adequate opportunity to perform their religious obligations. "Adequate opportunity" means providing a place for worship/praying that allows workers/laborers to perform their worship properly, in accordance with the company's conditions and capabilities.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) ### **ASN Working Hours During the Month of Ramadan** Although not regulated under the Manpower Law a.k.a Law 13/2003, specifically for State Civil Apparatus (Aparatur Sipil Negara/ “ASN”), the Indonesian National Armed Forces (Tentara Nasional Indonesia/ “TNI”) and the Indonesian National Police (Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia/ “Polri”), working hours during the fasting month are regulated under [**Circular of the Minister of State Apparatus Empowerment and Bureaucracy Reform 6/2023**](https://jdih.menpan.go.id/dokumen-hukum/SE/jenis/1675?SURAT%20EDARAN). The working hours of ASN during the fasting month for 2023 or Ramadan 1444 Hijri are as follows. 1. For Government Agencies which implement 5 (five) business days: 1. Monday to Thursday: 08.00–15.00 with a break from 12.00–12.30. 2. Friday: 8.00–15.30 with a break from 11.30–12.30. 2. For Government Agencies that implement 6 (six) business days: 1. Monday to Thursday, and Saturday: 08.00–14.00 with break time 12.00–12.30. 2. Friday: 8.00–14.00 with a break from 11.30–12.30. 3. The number of effective working hours for Central and Regional Government Agencies that implement five or six business days during Ramadan, shall be at least 32.5 hours per week. The provisions on ASN working hours during the fasting month or rules for working hours during Ramadan shall apply to all state ASN. Both the ASN who work in the office as well as the ASN who work from home. ### **Practices of Working Hours During Ramadan in Private Companies** As already mentioned, there are no specific rules relating to working hours during Ramadan for private employees. However, in practice, not a few companies have issued special policies in determining the working hours of Ramadan 2023. These special policies can take the form of implementing work from home, cutting off rest periods, early entry-hour shifts, and up to shortened working hours. These policies were implemented with the consideration that workers who fast need time to travel home and prepare iftar. So, basically for private workers, there are no provisions regarding working hours during the month of Ramadan under the Manpower Law. However, this matter is usually set out in a Decree of the Board of Directors of the company in question. Meanwhile, the working hours during the month of Ramadan for government employees may be further determined by the Heads of the respective Central and Regional Government Agencies by adjusting the local situation and conditions or by using the [Circular of the Minister of State Apparatus Empowerment and Bureaucracy Reform 6/2023](https://jdih.menpan.go.id/dokumen-hukum/SE/jenis/1675?SURAT%20EDARAN). These are the answers we can provide, we hope you will find them useful. Legal Basis: 1. [Law Number 13 of 2003 on Manpower](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13146/undangundang-nomor-13-tahun-2003/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_Ketenagakerjaan); 2. [Regulation of the Government in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022/translations?utm_medium=internal_link_klinik); 3. [Circular of the Minister of State Apparatus Empowerment and Bureaucracy Reform Number 6 of 2023 on Working Hours of State Civil Apparatus during the Month of Ramadan 1444 Hijri in Government Agencies](https://jdih.menpan.go.id/dokumen-hukum/SE/jenis/1675?SURAT%20EDARAN). * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Article 81 number 23 [Regulation of the Government in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022/translations?utm_medium=internal_link_klinik) (“Perppu 2/2022”) that amended Article 77 section (2) [Law Number 13 of 2003 on Manpower](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13146/undangundang-nomor-13-tahun-2003/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_Ketenagakerjaan) (“Law 13/2003”). [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Elucidation to Article 80 Law 13/2003. Tags ---- [klinik english edition](/tag/klinik-english-edition)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran kedua dari artikel dengan judul Perbedaan Pokok Hukum Pidana dan Hukum Perdata yang dibuat oleh Rido Pangaribuan, S.H. dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Senin, 23 Januari 2017 kemudian dimutakhirkan pertama kali pada Jumat, 13 Mei 2022.KLINIK TERKAITPerbedaan ‘Sengaja’ dan ‘Tidak Sengaja’ dalam Hukum Pidana27 Mar 202310 Asas Hukum Acara Perdata, Anak Hukum Wajib Tahu!02 Mar 2023Catat! Ini 2 Macam Upaya Hukum Perdata22 Feb 20232 Macam Upaya Hukum Atas Putusan Pengadilan Perkara Pidana20 Feb 2023Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.Sebelum menjabarkan perbedaan hukum pidana dan perdata, mari simak definisi dari apa itu hukum pidana dan perdata terlebih dahulu.Apa itu Hukum Pidana?Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Ada berbagai definisi hukum pidana yang dikemukakan para ahli. Beberapa di antaranya adalah sebagai berikut.W.L.G. Lemaire, yang dikutip oleh P.A.F. Lamintangdalam Dasar-Dasar Hukum Pidana Indonesia (hal. 2), menerangkan bahwa hukum pidana terdiri dari norma-norma yang berisi keharusan-keharusan dan larangan-larangan yang (oleh pembentuk undang-undang) telah dikaitkan dengan suatu sanksi berupa hukuman, yakni suatu penderitaan yang bersifat khusus.Dengan demikian dapat juga dikatakan, bahwa hukum pidana adalah suatu sistem norma-norma yang menentukan terhadap tindakan-tindakan yang mana (hal melakukan sesuatu atau tidak melakukan sesuatu di mana terdapat suatu keharusan untuk melakukan sesuatu) dan dalam keadaan-keadaan bagaimana hukuman itu dapat dijatuhkan, serta hukuman yang bagaimana yang dapat dijatuhkan bagi tindakan-tindakan tersebut.Kemudian, Moeljatno, yang dikutip oleh Eddy O.S. Hiariej dalam Prinsip-Prinsip Hukum Pidana, mendefinisikan hukum pidana adalah bagian dari keseluruhan hukum yang berlaku di suatu negara yang mengadakan dasar-dasar dan mengatur ketentuan tentang perbuatan yang tidak boleh dilakukan, dilarang yang disertai ancaman pidana bagi barang siapa yang melakukan. Kapan dan dalam hal apa kepada mereka yang telah melanggar larangan itu dapat dikenakan sanksi pidana dan dengan cara bagaimana pengenaan pidana itu dapat dilaksanakan.Selanjutnya, C.S.T. Kansil dalam Pengantar Ilmu Hukum dan Tata Hukum Indonesia (hal. 257) mendefinisikan hukum pidana sebagai hukum yang mengatur tentang pelanggaran-pelanggaran dan kejahatan-kejahatan terhadap kepentingan umum, perbuatan mana diancam dengan hukuman yang merupakan suatu penderitaan atau siksaan.Dari beberapa definisi yang disebutkan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada intinya, hukum pidana merupakan ketentuan yang mengatur tindakan apa yang tidak boleh dilakukan. Kemudian, saat tindakan yang tidak diperbolehkan tersebut dilakukan, terdapat sanksi bagi pelakunya. Hukum pidana juga ditujukan untuk kepentingan umum.Apa itu Hukum Perdata?Perbedaan hukum pidana dan hukum perdata secara singkat dapat tergambar dari ruang lingkup yang tergambar dalam definisinya. Seperti halnya definisi hukum pidana, definisi hukum perdata menurut para ahli pun beragam. Beberapa di antaranya adalah sebagai berikut.Subekti dalam Pokok-Pokok Hukum Perdata (hal. 9) menyatakan bahwa hukum perdata dalam arti luas meliputi semua hukum privat materiil, yaitu segala hukum pokok yang mengatur kepentingan-kepentingan perseorangan.Kemudian, terkait pembagian hukum perdata, lebih lanjut Subekti menyatakan bahwa (hal. 16–17) hukum perdata dibagi dalam empat bagian, yakni sebagai berikut.Hukum tentang diri seseorang: memuat peraturan-peraturan tentang manusia sebagai subjek dalam hukum, peraturan-peraturan perihal kecakapan untuk memiliki hak-hak dan kecakapan untuk bertindak sendiri melaksanakan hak-haknya itu serta hal-hal yang mempengaruhi kecakapan-kecakapan itu.Hukum keluarga: mengatur perihal hubungan-hubungan hukum yang timbul dari hubungan kekeluargaan, yaitu perkawinan beserta hubungan dalam lapangan hukum kekayaan antara suami dan isteri, hubungan antara orang tua dan anak, serta perwalian dan curatele.Hukum kekayaan: mengatur perihal hubungan-hubungan hukum yang dapat dinilai dengan uang. Jika kita mengatakan tentang kekayaan seseorang, yang dimaksudkan ialah jumlah segala hak dan kewajiban orang itu, dinilai dengan uang.Hukum waris: mengatur hal ikhwal tentang benda atau kekayaan seorang jikalau ia meninggal. Juga dapat dikatakan, hukum waris itu mengatur akibat-akibat hubungan keluarga terhadap harta peninggalan seseorang.Sementara itu, C.S.T. Kansil dalam Pengantar Ilmu Hukum dan Tata Hukum Indonesia mendefinisikan hukum perdata sebagai rangkaian peraturan-peraturan hukum yang mengatur hubungan antar orang yang satu dengan yang lain, dengan menitikberatkan kepada kepentingan perseorangan.Dari definisi yang telah diterangkan, dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa pada intinya, hukum perdata mengatur tentang kepentingan perseorangan dan hubungan hukumnya dengan orang lain.Perbedaan Hukum Pidana dan PerdataUntuk memudahkan Anda dalam memahami perbedaan hukum perdata dan pidana, mari simak intisari perbedaan hukum pidana dan perdata dalam simpulan berikut.Pada dasarnya, hukum pidana bertujuan untuk melindungi kepentingan umum, misalnya yang diatur dalam KUHP. Hukum pidana memiliki implikasi secara langsung pada masyarakat secara luas (umum). Dengan kata lain, apabila suatu tindak pidana dilakukan, akan berdampak buruk terhadap keamanan, ketenteraman, kesejahteraan, dan ketertiban umum di masyarakat.Kemudian, hukum pidana sendiri bersifat sebagai ultimum remedium (upaya terakhir) untuk menyelesaikan suatu perkara. Karenanya, terdapat sanksi yang memaksa yang apabila peraturannya dilanggar, yang berdampak dijatuhinya pidana pada si pelaku. Penjelasan selengkapnya tentang ultimum remedium dapat Anda simak dalam Arti Ultimum Remedium sebagai Sanksi Pamungkas.Berbeda dengan hukum pidana, hukum perdata sendiri bersifat privat, yang menitikberatkan dalam mengatur mengenai hubungan antara orang perorangan, dengan kata lain menitikberatkan kepada kepentingan perseorangan.Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa akibat dari ketentuan-ketentuan dalam hukum perdata yang terdapat dalam KUH Perdata hanya berdampak langsung bagi para pihak yang terlibat, dan tidak berakibat secara langsung pada kepentingan umum.Demikian jawaban dari kami terkait perbedaan hukum pidana dan perdata, semoga bermanfaat.DASAR HUKUM1.    Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana;2.    Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata. REFERENSIC.S.T. Kansil. Pengantar Ilmu Hukum dan Tata Hukum Indonesia. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka, 1989.Eddy O.S. Hiariej. Prinsip-Prinsip Hukum Pidana. Yogyakarta: Cahaya Atma Pustaka,  2014.P.A.F. Lamintang. Dasar-Dasar Hukum Pidana Indonesia. Bandung: PT Citra Aditya Bakti, 2013.Subekti. Pokok-Pokok Hukum Perdata. Jakarta: Penerbit PT Intermasa, 2003.Tagshukum perdatahukum pidanailmu hukumkuhpperdatapidanaultimum remedium
Apa garis besar perbedaan hukum pidana dan perdata?
Perihal perbedaan hukum pidana dan perdata, singkatnya hukum pidana bertujuan untuk melindungi kepentingan umum yang memiliki implikasi secara langsung pada masyarakat secara luas (umum), di mana apabila suatu tindak pidana dilakukan akan berdampak buruk terhadap keamanan, ketenteraman, kesejahteraan, dan ketertiban umum di masyarakat. Lantas apa itu hukum perdata dan ruang lingkupnya? Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda simak dalam ulasan di bawah ini.  Perbedaan ‘Sengaja’ dan ‘Tidak Sengaja’ dalam Hukum Pidana27 Mar 202310 Asas Hukum Acara Perdata, Anak Hukum Wajib Tahu!02 Mar 2023Catat! Ini 2 Macam Upaya Hukum Perdata22 Feb 20232 Macam Upaya Hukum Atas Putusan Pengadilan Perkara Pidana20 Feb 2023Perbedaan ‘Sengaja’ dan ‘Tidak Sengaja’ dalam Hukum Pidana27 Mar 202310 Asas Hukum Acara Perdata, Anak Hukum Wajib Tahu!02 Mar 2023Catat! Ini 2 Macam Upaya Hukum Perdata22 Feb 20232 Macam Upaya Hukum Atas Putusan Pengadilan Perkara Pidana20 Feb 2023Cara Hitung Pesangon Berdasarkan UU Cipta Kerja18 Agu 2023Langkah Jika Jual Beli Tanah HGB yang Belum Balik Nama15 Mei 2024Ingin Rujuk, Begini Cara Cabut Gugatan Cerai di Pengadilan1 Sep 2023Cara Hitung Pesangon Berdasarkan UU Cipta Kerja18 Agu 2023Langkah Jika Jual Beli Tanah HGB yang Belum Balik Nama15 Mei 2024Ingin Rujuk, Begini Cara Cabut Gugatan Cerai di Pengadilan1 Sep 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/perbedaan-hukum-pidana-dan-perdata-lt57f2f9bce942f/
Intisari Perbedaan Hukum Pidana dan Perdata
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran kedua dari artikel dengan judul _Perbedaan Pokok Hukum Pidana dan Hukum Perdata_ yang dibuat oleh [Rido Pangaribuan, S.H.](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/lembaga-bantuan-hukum-mawar-saron-lt4ddc7a184bdfe/rido-pangaribuan--sh-lt5886d80e72442) dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Senin, 23 Januari 2017 kemudian dimutakhirkan pertama kali pada Jumat, 13 Mei 2022.** ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Perbedaan ‘Sengaja’ dan ‘Tidak Sengaja’ dalam Hukum Pidana ](/klinik/a/perbedaan-sengaja-dan-tidak-sengaja-dalam-hukum-pidana-lt5ee8aa6f2a1d3/) ![Perbedaan ‘Sengaja’ dan ‘Tidak Sengaja’ dalam Hukum Pidana](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt5ee8aa6f2a1d3/thumbnail_lt6421868964130.jpg) 27 Mar 2023 [ #### 10 Asas Hukum Acara Perdata, Anak Hukum Wajib Tahu! ](/klinik/a/asas-hukum-acara-perdata-lt62ac05c59f6cb/) ![10 Asas Hukum Acara Perdata, Anak Hukum Wajib Tahu!](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt62ac05c59f6cb/thumbnail_lt62ac094230050.jpg) 02 Mar 2023 [ #### Catat! Ini 2 Macam Upaya Hukum Perdata ](/klinik/a/catat-ini-2-macam-upaya-hukum-perdata-lt63f6adcfdd1bf/) ![Catat! Ini 2 Macam Upaya Hukum Perdata](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt63f6adcfdd1bf/thumbnail_lt63f6af5e5d553.jpg) 22 Feb 2023 [ #### 2 Macam Upaya Hukum Atas Putusan Pengadilan Perkara Pidana ](/klinik/a/upaya-hukum-putusan-pengadilan-lt63f361852a255/) ![2 Macam Upaya Hukum Atas Putusan Pengadilan Perkara Pidana](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt63f361852a255/thumbnail_lt63f362bb05329.jpg) 20 Feb 2023 [](#!) Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat **[Pernyataan Penyangkalan](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer)** selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan **[Konsultan Mitra Justika](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika)****.** Sebelum menjabarkan perbedaan hukum pidana dan perdata, mari simak definisi dari apa itu hukum pidana dan perdata terlebih dahulu. ### **Apa itu Hukum Pidana?** Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Ada berbagai definisi hukum pidana yang dikemukakan para ahli. Beberapa di antaranya adalah sebagai berikut. **W.L.G. Lemaire**, yang dikutip oleh P.A.F. Lamintangdalam _Dasar-Dasar Hukum Pidana Indonesia_ (hal. 2), menerangkan bahwa hukum pidana terdiri dari norma-norma yang berisi keharusan-keharusan dan larangan-larangan yang (oleh pembentuk undang-undang) telah dikaitkan dengan suatu sanksi berupa hukuman, yakni suatu penderitaan yang bersifat khusus. Dengan demikian dapat juga dikatakan, bahwa hukum pidana adalah suatu sistem norma-norma yang menentukan terhadap tindakan-tindakan yang mana (hal melakukan sesuatu atau tidak melakukan sesuatu di mana terdapat suatu keharusan untuk melakukan sesuatu) dan dalam keadaan-keadaan bagaimana hukuman itu dapat dijatuhkan, serta hukuman yang bagaimana yang dapat dijatuhkan bagi tindakan-tindakan tersebut. Kemudian, **Moeljatno**, yang dikutip **oleh Eddy O.S. Hiariej** dalam _Prinsip-Prinsip Hukum Pidana_, mendefinisikan hukum pidana adalah bagian dari keseluruhan hukum yang berlaku di suatu negara yang mengadakan dasar-dasar dan mengatur ketentuan tentang perbuatan yang tidak boleh dilakukan, dilarang yang disertai ancaman pidana bagi barang siapa yang melakukan. Kapan dan dalam hal apa kepada mereka yang telah melanggar larangan itu dapat dikenakan sanksi pidana dan dengan cara bagaimana pengenaan pidana itu dapat dilaksanakan. Selanjutnya, **C.S.T. Kansil** dalam P_engantar Ilmu Hukum dan Tata Hukum Indonesia_ (hal. 257) mendefinisikan hukum pidana sebagai hukum yang mengatur tentang pelanggaran-pelanggaran dan kejahatan-kejahatan terhadap kepentingan umum, perbuatan mana diancam dengan hukuman yang merupakan suatu penderitaan atau siksaan. Dari beberapa definisi yang disebutkan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada intinya, hukum pidana merupakan ketentuan yang mengatur tindakan apa yang tidak boleh dilakukan. Kemudian, saat tindakan yang tidak diperbolehkan tersebut dilakukan, terdapat sanksi bagi pelakunya. Hukum pidana juga ditujukan untuk kepentingan umum. ### **Apa itu Hukum Perdata?** Perbedaan hukum pidana dan hukum perdata secara singkat dapat tergambar dari ruang lingkup yang tergambar dalam definisinya. Seperti halnya definisi hukum pidana, definisi hukum perdata menurut para ahli pun beragam. Beberapa di antaranya adalah sebagai berikut. **Subekti** dalam _Pokok-Pokok Hukum Perdata_ (hal. 9) menyatakan bahwa hukum perdata dalam arti luas meliputi semua hukum privat materiil, yaitu segala hukum pokok yang mengatur kepentingan-kepentingan perseorangan. Kemudian, terkait pembagian hukum perdata, lebih lanjut Subekti menyatakan bahwa (hal. 16–17) hukum perdata dibagi dalam empat bagian, yakni sebagai berikut. 1. Hukum tentang diri seseorang: memuat peraturan-peraturan tentang manusia sebagai subjek dalam hukum, peraturan-peraturan perihal kecakapan untuk memiliki hak-hak dan kecakapan untuk bertindak sendiri melaksanakan hak-haknya itu serta hal-hal yang mempengaruhi kecakapan-kecakapan itu. 2. Hukum keluarga: mengatur perihal hubungan-hubungan hukum yang timbul dari hubungan kekeluargaan, yaitu perkawinan beserta hubungan dalam lapangan hukum kekayaan antara suami dan isteri, hubungan antara orang tua dan anak, serta perwalian dan _curatele_. 3. Hukum kekayaan: mengatur perihal hubungan-hubungan hukum yang dapat dinilai dengan uang. Jika kita mengatakan tentang kekayaan seseorang, yang dimaksudkan ialah jumlah segala hak dan kewajiban orang itu, dinilai dengan uang. 4. Hukum waris: mengatur hal ikhwal tentang benda atau kekayaan seorang jikalau ia meninggal. Juga dapat dikatakan, hukum waris itu mengatur akibat-akibat hubungan keluarga terhadap harta peninggalan seseorang. Sementara itu, **C.S.T. Kansil** dalam _Pengantar Ilmu Hukum dan Tata Hukum Indonesia_ mendefinisikan hukum perdata sebagai rangkaian peraturan-peraturan hukum yang mengatur hubungan antar orang yang satu dengan yang lain, dengan menitikberatkan kepada kepentingan perseorangan. Dari definisi yang telah diterangkan, dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa pada intinya, hukum perdata mengatur tentang kepentingan perseorangan dan hubungan hukumnya dengan orang lain. ### **Perbedaan Hukum Pidana dan Perdata** Untuk memudahkan Anda dalam memahami perbedaan hukum perdata dan pidana, mari simak intisari perbedaan hukum pidana dan perdata dalam simpulan berikut. Pada dasarnya, hukum pidana bertujuan untuk melindungi kepentingan umum, misalnya yang diatur dalam [**KUHP**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4c7b7fd88a8c3/nprt/38/wetboek-van-strafrecht-\(wvs\)-kitab-undang-undang-hukum-pidana-\(kuhp\)?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHP). Hukum pidana memiliki implikasi secara langsung pada masyarakat secara luas (umum). Dengan kata lain, apabila suatu tindak pidana dilakukan, akan berdampak buruk terhadap keamanan, ketenteraman, kesejahteraan, dan ketertiban umum di masyarakat. Kemudian, hukum pidana sendiri bersifat sebagai _ultimum remedium_ (upaya terakhir) untuk menyelesaikan suatu perkara. Karenanya, terdapat sanksi yang memaksa yang apabila peraturannya dilanggar, yang berdampak dijatuhinya pidana pada si pelaku. Penjelasan selengkapnya tentang ultimum remedium dapat Anda simak dalam [**Arti Ultimum Remedium sebagai Sanksi Pamungkas**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/arti-ultimum-remedium-lt53b7be52bcf59?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=ultimum_remedium). Berbeda dengan hukum pidana, hukum perdata sendiri bersifat privat, yang menitikberatkan dalam mengatur mengenai hubungan antara orang perorangan, dengan kata lain menitikberatkan kepada kepentingan perseorangan. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa akibat dari ketentuan-ketentuan dalam hukum perdata yang terdapat dalam [**KUH Perdata**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17229/node/686?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHPerdata) hanya berdampak langsung bagi para pihak yang terlibat, dan tidak berakibat secara langsung pada kepentingan umum. Demikian jawaban dari kami terkait perbedaan hukum pidana dan perdata, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- 1.    [Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4c7b7fd88a8c3/nprt/38/wetboek-van-strafrecht-\(wvs\)-kitab-undang-undang-hukum-pidana-\(kuhp\)?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHP); 2.    [Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17229/node/686?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHPerdata). REFERENSI --------- 1. C.S.T. Kansil. _Pengantar Ilmu Hukum dan Tata Hukum Indonesia_. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka, 1989. 2. Eddy O.S. Hiariej. _Prinsip-Prinsip Hukum Pidana_. Yogyakarta: Cahaya Atma Pustaka,  2014. 3. P.A.F. Lamintang. _Dasar-Dasar Hukum Pidana Indonesia_. Bandung: PT Citra Aditya Bakti, 2013. 4. Subekti. _Pokok-Pokok Hukum Perdata_. Jakarta: Penerbit PT Intermasa, 2003. Tags ---- [hukum perdata](/tag/hukum-perdata) [hukum pidana](/tag/hukum-pidana) [ilmu hukum](/tag/ilmu-hukum) [kuhp](/tag/kuhp) [perdata](/tag/perdata) [pidana](/tag/pidana) [ultimum remedium](/tag/ultimum-remedium)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.Pengertian Hukum Diplomatik KLINIK TERKAITApa itu Kekebalan Diplomatik dan Cara Mendapatkannya16 Okt 2023Pengertian, Asas, dan Prinsip Hukum Humaniter Internasional07 Sep 20233 Tahapan Perjanjian Internasional dan Penjelasannya10 Mar 2023Dapatkah Utusan Diplomatik Negara Lain Dipidana di Indonesia? 25 Okt 2016Sebelum menjawab inti pertanyaan Anda, sebaiknya kita pahami terlebih dahulu apa yang dimaksud dengan diplomasi atau diplomatik. Istilah diploma berasal dari bahasa Latin dan Yunani yang dapat diartikan sebagai surat kepercayaan. Terminologi diplomasi kemudian menjelma menjadi istilah diplomat, diplomasi, dan diplomatik.[1] Sumaryo Suryokusumo menjelaskan bahwa diplomasi adalah kegiatan politik dan merupakan bagian dari kegiatan internasional yang saling berpengaruh dan kompleks, dengan melibatkan pemerintah dan organisasi internasional untuk mencapai tujuan-tujuannya.[2]Pengertian diplomatik menurut KBBI ialah hubungan resmi antara negara dan negara. Dari pengertian tersebut, dapat diartikan bahwa diplomatik adalah suatu hubungan melalui instrumen-instrumen negara sebagai perwakilan atau perutusan negara.[3] Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Kemudian, berdasarkan Pasal 1 ayat (1) UU 37/1999, hubungan luar negeri adalah setiap kegiatan yang menyangkut aspek regional dan internasional yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah di tingkat pusat dan daerah, atau lembaga-lembaganya, lembaga negara, badan usaha, organisasi politik, organisasi masyarakat, lembaga swadaya masyarakat, atau warga negara Indonesia.Dari berbagai definisi tersebut, dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa hubungan luar negeri mencakup pula pada suatu hubungan diplomatik. Sebagai informasi, dalam hal diplomasi, Indonesia menerapkan pola “intermestik” yakni diplomasi yang menyuarakan kepentingan nasional ke masyarakat internasional, dan mengomunikasikan perkembangan dalam negeri ke dunia internasional.[4]Pembukaan Hubungan DiplomatikPada dasarnya, setiap negara yang merdeka dan berdaulat memiliki right of legation atau hak legasi. Hak legasi aktif artinya suatu hak negara untuk menempatkan accreditation wakilnya ke negara penerima, dan hak legasi pasif artinya kewajiban untuk menerima wakil negara asing.[5]Landasan yuridis untuk membuka hubungan diplomatik adalah Pasal 2 Konvensi Wina 1961 atau Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations 1961, yakni:The establishment of diplomatic relations between States, and of permanent diplomatic missions, takes place by mutual consent.Di Indonesia telah ditentukan dalam Pasal 9 ayat (2) UU 37/1999 bahwa pembukaan dan penutupan kantor perwakilan diplomatik atau konsuler di negara lain atau kantor perwakilan pada organisasi internasional ditetapkan dengan keputusan presiden. Dalam ketentuan ini, prinsip kesepakatan bersama dalam konvensi merupakan hasil kompromi rasional yang mana pembatasan kedaulatan harus disetujui negara bersangkutan.[6]Mengapa Indonesia Tidak Memiliki Hubungan Diplomatik dengan Israel?Menjawab pertanyaan Anda tentang mengapa Indonesia tidak memiliki hubungan diplomatik dengan Israel, hal ini berkaitan dengan konflik yang terjadi antara Israel-Palestina. Konflik ini berlangsung sejak berdirinya Negara Israel tahun 1948, yang menyangkut dua isu pokok, yaitu masalah hak rakyat Palestina untuk mendirikan negara di atas tanah airnya sendiri dan hak bangsa Yahudi untuk memilih negaranya sendiri (Israel).[7] Konflik memanas terutama ketika Israel meluncurkan serangan udara dan serangan darat di jalur Gaza yang banyak menelan korban jiwa. Dalam hal ini, banyak kecaman dari dunia internasional, karena Israel juga telah melakukan pelanggaran hukum humaniter internasional.[8]Baca juga: Hukum Humaniter Internasional: Asas dan Dasar HukumnyaBerbagai upaya proses perundingan damai telah dilakukan, namun seringkali sikap Israel mangkir dalam melaksanakan isi perundingan.[9] Dalam hal ini, Indonesia membela hak-hak kemanusiaan warga Palestina, sebagaimana tertuang dalam Pembukaan UUD 1945 yang menyatakan bahwa sesungguhnya kemerdekaan itu ialah hak segala bangsa dan oleh sebab itu, maka penjajahan diatas dunia harus dihapuskan karena tidak sesuai dengan perikemanusiaan dan perikeadilan.Dasar hukum tersebut menjadikan Indonesia sebagai bangsa yang akan selalu mendukung dan membantu menyokong kemerdekaan bangsa yang tertindas. Dengan menganut politik luar negeri yang bebas aktif, Indonesia menempatkan diri sebagai bangsa yang menolak sebuah penjajahan dan penindasan atas rakyat Palestina.[10]Secara hubungan diplomatik, adanya perwakilan masing-masing negara antara Indonesia dengan Palestina menunjukkan kepercayaan kedua belah pihak untuk melaksanakan hubungan kerjasama dan komunikasi. Akan tetapi, hubungan Indonesia dengan Israel tidak menunjukkan adanya kepercayaan yang dapat dilihat dari ketiadaan hubungan diplomatik. Bahkan, secara tegas pemerintah Indonesia mengambil sikap untuk tidak akan membuka hubungan diplomatik dengan Israel sampai Israel mengakui kemerdekaan pada Palestina.[11] Menurut Morgenthau, pada dasarnya, salah satu fungsi umum diplomasi adalah harus dapat menentukan perbedaan tujuan dan bagaimana perbedaan tersebut dapat saling disesuaikan. Fungsi umum diplomasi tersebut tidak dapat diaplikasikan pada hubungan Indonesia dengan Israel, kerena salah satu tujuan kepentingan nasional Indonesia adalah penghapusan penjajahan di atas dunia sesuai dengan yang tertulis dalam alinea Pembukaan UUD 1945. Sedangkan, menurut Indonesia, tindakan yang telah dilakukan Israel terhadap Palestina merupakan sebuah bentuk penjajahan dan menurut Indonesia harus dihapuskan.[12]Namun, perlu diketahui bahwa penolakan suatu negara untuk membuka hubungan diplomatik dengan alasan apapun terhadap negara lain adalah hal yang lumrah dalam praktik. Karena hukum internasional tidak berisikan kewajiban hukum untuk mengakui suatu negara, maka negara tersebut tidak dapat dipaksa untuk menerima wakil-wakil negara yang tidak diakuinya.[13]Kesimpulannya, mengapa Indonesia tidak memiliki hubungan diplomatik dengan Israel adalah karena hubungan diplomatik merupakan hubungan resmi antara negara-negara yang didasari kepercayaan kedua belah pihak untuk melaksanakan hubungan kerjasama dan komunikasi. Hubungan diplomatik hanya akan tercipta jika ada kesepakatan bersama kedua belah pihak. Namun, hingga saat ini Israel tidak mengakui kemerdekaan Palestina, sedangkan satu tujuan kepentingan nasional Indonesia adalah penghapusan penjajahan di dunia sesuai dengan Pembukaan UUD 1945. Hal tersebut menjadi alasan mengapa Indonesia tidak memiliki hubungan diplomatik dengan Israel, dan tidak akan membuka hubungan diplomatik sampai Israel mengakui kemerdekaan Palestina. Baca juga: Perlindungan Diplomat di Negara Rawan KonflikDemikian jawaban dari kami tentang mengapa Indonesia tidak memiliki hubungan diplomatik dengan Israel, semoga bermanfaat.DASAR HUKUMUndang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia 1945Undang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 1999 tentang Hubungan Luar NegeriVienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations 1961REFERENSIArif Apriadi. Kedudukan Hubungan Diplomatik Antar Negara dalam Perizinan Hak Lintas Terbang atas Negara Lain. Jurnal Universitas Negeri Malang, Vol. 25, No. 12, 2019;Erwin. Pengabaian Distinction Principle dalam Situasi Blokade oleh Israel di Jalur Gaza. Jurnal Rechidee, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2013;Masyarofah. Fakta Perjanjian Damai dan Hubungan Diplomatik Negara Timur Tengah dalam Proses Perdamaian Konflik Israel-Palestina Pasca Kemerdekaan Palestina. Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar’i, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2015;Mayjen TNI (Purn) I Gede Sumertha (et.al). Keterlibatan Pemerintah Indonesia dalam Proses Perdamaian Konflik Israel-Palestina. Jurnal Damai dan Resolusi Konflik Unhan, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2017;Sumaryo Suryokusumo. Praktik Diplomasi. Bandung: BP Iblam, 2004;Syahmin. Hukum Diplomatik dalam Kerangka Studi Analisis. Jakarta: Rajawali PERS, 2008;Syarif Bahaudin Mudore. Peran Diplomasi Indonesia dalam Konflik Israel-Palestina. Jurnal CMES Vol. 12, No. 2, 2019;Diplomatik, yang diakses pada Kamis, 30 Maret 2023, pukul 12.13 WIB.[1] Syahmin. Hukum Diplomatik dalam Kerangka Studi Analisis. Jakarta: Rajawali PERS, 2008, hal. 3.[2] Sumaryo Suryokusumo. Praktik Diplomasi. Bandung: BP Iblam, 2004, hal. 54.[3] Arif Apriadi. Kedudukan Hubungan Diplomatik Antar Negara dalam Perizinan Hak Lintas Terbang atas Negara Lain. Jurnal Universitas Negeri Malang, Vol. 25, No. 12, 2019, hal. 2.[4] Syahmin. Hukum Diplomatik dalam Kerangka Studi Analisis. Jakarta: Rajawali PERS, 2008, hal. 7.[5] Syahmin. Hukum Diplomatik dalam Kerangka Studi Analisis. Jakarta: Rajawali PERS, 2008, hal. 45.[6] Syahmin. Hukum Diplomatik dalam Kerangka Studi Analisis. Jakarta: Rajawali PERS, 2008, hal. 46.[7] Masyarofah. Fakta Perjanjian Damai dan Hubungan Diplomatik Negara Timur Tengah dalam Proses Perdamaian Konflik Israel-Palestina Pasca Kemerdekaan Palestina. Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar’I, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2015, hal. 82.[8] Erwin. Pengabaian Distinction Principle dalam Situasi Blokade oleh Israel di Jalur Gaza. Jurnal Rechidee, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2013, hal. 13.[9] Masyarofah. Fakta Perjanjian Damai dan Hubungan Diplomatik Negara Timur Tengah dalam Proses Perdamaian Konflik Israel-Palestina Pasca Kemerdekaan Palestina. Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar’I, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2015, hal. 82.[10] Syarif Bahaudin Mudore. Peran Diplomasi Indonesia dalam Konflik Israel-Palestina. Jurnal CMES Vol. 12, No. 2, 2019, hal. 177-178.[11] Mayjen TNI (Purn) I Gede Sumertha (et.al). Keterlibatan Pemerintah Indonesia dalam Proses Perdamaian Konflik Israel-Palestina. Jurnal Damai dan Resolusi Konflik Unhan, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2017, hal. 6.[12] Mayjen TNI (Purn) I Gede Sumertha (et.al). Keterlibatan Pemerintah Indonesia dalam Proses Perdamaian Konflik Israel-Palestina. Jurnal Damai dan Resolusi Konflik Unhan, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2017, hal. 17.[13] Syahmin. Hukum Diplomatik dalam Kerangka Studi Analisis. Jakarta: Rajawali PERS, 2008, hal. 46.Tagsdiplomatdiplomatikhukum internasional
Mengapa Indonesia tidak memiliki hubungan diplomatik dengan Israel? Apa syarat negara dapat memiliki hubungan diplomatik?
Hubungan diplomatik adalah hubungan resmi antara negara dengan negara untuk melaksanakan hubungan kerjasama dan komunikasi. Indonesia sebagai suatu negara, mempunyai hubungan diplomatik dengan berbagai negara di dunia. Namun, Indonesia tidak memiliki hubungan diplomatik dengan Israel. Lantas, mengapa Indonesia tidak memiliki hubungan diplomatik dengan Israel? Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Apa itu Kekebalan Diplomatik dan Cara Mendapatkannya16 Okt 2023Pengertian, Asas, dan Prinsip Hukum Humaniter Internasional07 Sep 20233 Tahapan Perjanjian Internasional dan Penjelasannya10 Mar 2023Dapatkah Utusan Diplomatik Negara Lain Dipidana di Indonesia? 25 Okt 2016Apa itu Kekebalan Diplomatik dan Cara Mendapatkannya16 Okt 2023Pengertian, Asas, dan Prinsip Hukum Humaniter Internasional07 Sep 20233 Tahapan Perjanjian Internasional dan Penjelasannya10 Mar 2023Dapatkah Utusan Diplomatik Negara Lain Dipidana di Indonesia? 25 Okt 2016Cara dan Biaya Mengurus Perceraian Tanpa Pengacara25 Apr 2024Cara Hitung Pesangon Berdasarkan UU Cipta Kerja18 Agu 2023Perhatikan Ini Sebelum Tanda Tangan Kontrak Kerja20 Mar 2023Cara dan Biaya Mengurus Perceraian Tanpa Pengacara25 Apr 2024Cara Hitung Pesangon Berdasarkan UU Cipta Kerja18 Agu 2023Perhatikan Ini Sebelum Tanda Tangan Kontrak Kerja20 Mar 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/mengapa-indonesia-tidak-memiliki-hubungan-diplomatik-dengan-israel-lt6426a59226d80/
Mengapa Indonesia Tidak Memiliki Hubungan Diplomatik dengan Israel?
pages/151/page-8.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Pengertian Hukum Diplomatik** ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Apa itu Kekebalan Diplomatik dan Cara Mendapatkannya ](/klinik/a/apa-itu-kekebalan-diplomatik-dan-cara-mendapatkannya-lt636a23df406fe/) ![Apa itu Kekebalan Diplomatik dan Cara Mendapatkannya](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt636a23df406fe/thumbnail_lt636a24d2b5a68.jpg) 16 Okt 2023 [ #### Pengertian, Asas, dan Prinsip Hukum Humaniter Internasional ](/klinik/a/hukum-humaniter-internasional-lt62e8ebdd0a7c4/) ![Pengertian, Asas, dan Prinsip Hukum Humaniter Internasional](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt62e8ebdd0a7c4/thumbnail_lt62e8ed7333275.jpg) 07 Sep 2023 [ #### 3 Tahapan Perjanjian Internasional dan Penjelasannya ](/klinik/a/tahapan-perjanjian-internasional-cl4997/) ![3 Tahapan Perjanjian Internasional dan Penjelasannya](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/cl4997/thumbnail_lt6218880d6e9fd.jpg) 10 Mar 2023 [ #### Dapatkah Utusan Diplomatik Negara Lain Dipidana di Indonesia? ](/klinik/a/dapatkah-utusan-diplomatik-negara-lain-dipidana-di-indonesia-lt52ef87577aa09/) ![Dapatkah Utusan Diplomatik Negara Lain Dipidana di Indonesia? ](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt52ef87577aa09/thumbnail_lt580f538100054.jpg) 25 Okt 2016 [](#!) Sebelum menjawab inti pertanyaan Anda, sebaiknya kita pahami terlebih dahulu apa yang dimaksud dengan diplomasi atau diplomatik. Istilah _diploma_ berasal dari bahasa Latin dan Yunani yang dapat diartikan sebagai surat kepercayaan. Terminologi diplomasi kemudian menjelma menjadi istilah diplomat, diplomasi, dan diplomatik.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) **Sumaryo Suryokusumo** menjelaskan bahwa diplomasi adalah kegiatan politik dan merupakan bagian dari kegiatan internasional yang saling berpengaruh dan kompleks, dengan melibatkan pemerintah dan organisasi internasional untuk mencapai tujuan-tujuannya.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Pengertian [diplomatik](https://kbbi.web.id/diplomatik) menurut **KBBI** ialah hubungan resmi antara negara dan negara. Dari pengertian tersebut, dapat diartikan bahwa diplomatik adalah suatu hubungan melalui instrumen-instrumen negara sebagai perwakilan atau perutusan negara.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Kemudian, berdasarkan **Pasal 1 ayat (1)** [**UU 37/1999**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17482/undangundang-nomor-37-tahun-1999?r=0&p=1&q=uu%2037%201999&rs=1847&re=2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_37_1999), hubungan luar negeri adalah setiap kegiatan yang menyangkut aspek regional dan internasional yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah di tingkat pusat dan daerah, atau lembaga-lembaganya, lembaga negara, badan usaha, organisasi politik, organisasi masyarakat, lembaga swadaya masyarakat, atau warga negara Indonesia. Dari berbagai definisi tersebut, dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa hubungan luar negeri mencakup pula pada suatu hubungan diplomatik. Sebagai informasi, dalam hal diplomasi, Indonesia menerapkan pola “intermestik” yakni diplomasi yang menyuarakan kepentingan nasional ke masyarakat internasional, dan mengomunikasikan perkembangan dalam negeri ke dunia internasional.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) ### **Pembukaan Hubungan Diplomatik** Pada dasarnya, setiap negara yang merdeka dan berdaulat memiliki _right of legation_ atau hak legasi. Hak legasi aktif artinya suatu hak negara untuk menempatkan _accreditation_ wakilnya ke negara penerima, dan hak legasi pasif artinya kewajiban untuk menerima wakil negara asing.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) Landasan yuridis untuk membuka hubungan diplomatik adalah **Pasal 2 Konvensi Wina 1961 atau** [**_Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations 1961_**](https://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/conventions/9_1_1961.pdf), yakni: _The establishment of diplomatic relations between States, and of permanent diplomatic missions, takes place by mutual consent._ Di Indonesia telah ditentukan dalam **Pasal 9 ayat (2) UU 37/1999** bahwa pembukaan dan penutupan kantor perwakilan diplomatik atau konsuler di negara lain atau kantor perwakilan pada organisasi internasional ditetapkan dengan keputusan presiden. Dalam ketentuan ini, prinsip kesepakatan bersama dalam konvensi merupakan hasil kompromi rasional yang mana pembatasan kedaulatan harus disetujui negara bersangkutan.[\[6\]](#_ftn6) ### **Mengapa Indonesia Tidak Memiliki Hubungan Diplomatik dengan Israel?** Menjawab pertanyaan Anda tentang mengapa Indonesia tidak memiliki hubungan diplomatik dengan Israel, hal ini berkaitan dengan konflik yang terjadi antara Israel-Palestina. Konflik ini berlangsung sejak berdirinya Negara Israel tahun 1948, yang menyangkut dua isu pokok, yaitu masalah hak rakyat Palestina untuk mendirikan negara di atas tanah airnya sendiri dan hak bangsa Yahudi untuk memilih negaranya sendiri (Israel).[\[7\]](#_ftn7) Konflik memanas terutama ketika Israel meluncurkan serangan udara dan serangan darat di jalur Gaza yang banyak menelan korban jiwa. Dalam hal ini, banyak kecaman dari dunia internasional, karena Israel juga telah melakukan pelanggaran hukum humaniter internasional.[\[8\]](#_ftn8) Baca juga: [**Hukum Humaniter Internasional: Asas dan Dasar Hukumnya**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/hukum-humaniter-internasional-asas-dan-dasar-hukumnya-lt62e8ebdd0a7c4?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=hukum_humaniter_internasional_asas) Berbagai upaya proses perundingan damai telah dilakukan, namun seringkali sikap Israel mangkir dalam melaksanakan isi perundingan.[\[9\]](#_ftn9) Dalam hal ini, Indonesia membela hak-hak kemanusiaan warga Palestina, sebagaimana tertuang dalam **Pembukaan** [**UUD 1945**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4ca2eb6dd2834/undang-undang-dasar-1945?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UUD_1945) yang menyatakan bahwa sesungguhnya kemerdekaan itu ialah hak segala bangsa dan oleh sebab itu, maka penjajahan diatas dunia harus dihapuskan karena tidak sesuai dengan perikemanusiaan dan perikeadilan. Dasar hukum tersebut menjadikan Indonesia sebagai bangsa yang akan selalu mendukung dan membantu menyokong kemerdekaan bangsa yang tertindas. Dengan menganut politik luar negeri yang bebas aktif, Indonesia menempatkan diri sebagai bangsa yang menolak sebuah penjajahan dan penindasan atas rakyat Palestina.[\[10\]](#_ftn10) Secara hubungan diplomatik, adanya perwakilan masing-masing negara antara Indonesia dengan Palestina menunjukkan kepercayaan kedua belah pihak untuk melaksanakan hubungan kerjasama dan komunikasi. Akan tetapi, hubungan Indonesia dengan Israel tidak menunjukkan adanya kepercayaan yang dapat dilihat dari ketiadaan hubungan diplomatik. Bahkan, secara tegas pemerintah Indonesia mengambil sikap untuk tidak akan membuka hubungan diplomatik dengan Israel sampai Israel mengakui kemerdekaan pada Palestina.[\[11\]](#_ftn11) Menurut **Morgenthau**, pada dasarnya, salah satu fungsi umum diplomasi adalah harus dapat menentukan perbedaan tujuan dan bagaimana perbedaan tersebut dapat saling disesuaikan. Fungsi umum diplomasi tersebut tidak dapat diaplikasikan pada hubungan Indonesia dengan Israel, kerena salah satu tujuan kepentingan nasional Indonesia adalah penghapusan penjajahan di atas dunia sesuai dengan yang tertulis dalam alinea Pembukaan UUD 1945. Sedangkan, menurut Indonesia, tindakan yang telah dilakukan Israel terhadap Palestina merupakan sebuah bentuk penjajahan dan menurut Indonesia harus dihapuskan.[\[12\]](#_ftn12) Namun, perlu diketahui bahwa penolakan suatu negara untuk membuka hubungan diplomatik dengan alasan apapun terhadap negara lain adalah hal yang lumrah dalam praktik. Karena hukum internasional tidak berisikan kewajiban hukum untuk mengakui suatu negara, maka negara tersebut tidak dapat dipaksa untuk menerima wakil-wakil negara yang tidak diakuinya.[\[13\]](#_ftn13) Kesimpulannya, mengapa Indonesia tidak memiliki hubungan diplomatik dengan Israel adalah karena hubungan diplomatik merupakan hubungan resmi antara negara-negara yang didasari kepercayaan kedua belah pihak untuk melaksanakan hubungan kerjasama dan komunikasi. Hubungan diplomatik hanya akan tercipta jika ada kesepakatan bersama kedua belah pihak. Namun, hingga saat ini Israel tidak mengakui kemerdekaan Palestina, sedangkan satu tujuan kepentingan nasional Indonesia adalah penghapusan penjajahan di dunia sesuai dengan Pembukaan UUD 1945. Hal tersebut menjadi alasan mengapa Indonesia tidak memiliki hubungan diplomatik dengan Israel, dan tidak akan membuka hubungan diplomatik sampai Israel mengakui kemerdekaan Palestina. Baca juga: [**Perlindungan Diplomat di Negara Rawan Konflik**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/perlindungan-diplomat-di-negara-rawan-konflik-lt5eb8fca11f91f?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perlindungan_diplomat_rawan_konflik) Demikian jawaban dari kami tentang mengapa Indonesia tidak memiliki hubungan diplomatik dengan Israel, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia 1945 [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4ca2eb6dd2834/undang-undang-dasar-1945?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UUD_1945) Undang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 1999 tentang Hubungan Luar Negeri [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17482/undangundang-nomor-37-tahun-1999?r=0&p=1&q=uu%2037%201999&rs=1847&re=2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_37_1999) Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations 1961 [](https://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/conventions/9_1_1961.pdf) REFERENSI --------- 1. Arif Apriadi. _Kedudukan_ _Hubungan Diplomatik Antar Negara dalam Perizinan Hak Lintas Terbang atas Negara Lain_. Jurnal Universitas Negeri Malang, Vol. 25, No. 12, 2019; 2. Erwin. _Pengabaian Distinction Principle dalam Situasi Blokade oleh Israel di Jalur Gaza._ Jurnal Rechidee, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2013; 3. Masyarofah. _Fakta Perjanjian Damai dan Hubungan Diplomatik Negara Timur Tengah dalam Proses Perdamaian Konflik Israel-Palestina Pasca Kemerdekaan Palestina_. Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar’i, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2015; 4. Mayjen TNI (Purn) I Gede Sumertha _(et.al). Keterlibatan Pemerintah Indonesia dalam Proses Perdamaian Konflik Israel-Palestina_. Jurnal Damai dan Resolusi Konflik Unhan, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2017; 5. Sumaryo Suryokusumo. _Praktik Diplomasi_. Bandung: BP Iblam, 2004; 6. Syahmin. _Hukum Diplomatik dalam Kerangka Studi Analisis_. Jakarta: Rajawali PERS, 2008; 7. Syarif Bahaudin Mudore. _Peran Diplomasi Indonesia dalam Konflik Israel-Palestina._ Jurnal CMES Vol. 12, No. 2, 2019; 8. [Diplomatik](https://kbbi.web.id/diplomatik), yang diakses pada Kamis, 30 Maret 2023, pukul 12.13 WIB. * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Syahmin. _Hukum Diplomatik dalam Kerangka Studi Analisis_. Jakarta: Rajawali PERS, 2008, hal. 3. [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Sumaryo Suryokusumo. _Praktik Diplomasi_. Bandung: BP Iblam, 2004, hal. 54. [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Arif Apriadi. _Kedudukan_ _Hubungan Diplomatik Antar Negara dalam Perizinan Hak Lintas Terbang atas Negara Lain_. Jurnal Universitas Negeri Malang, Vol. 25, No. 12, 2019, hal. 2. [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Syahmin. _Hukum Diplomatik dalam Kerangka Studi Analisis_. Jakarta: Rajawali PERS, 2008, hal. 7. [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Syahmin. _Hukum Diplomatik dalam Kerangka Studi Analisis_. Jakarta: Rajawali PERS, 2008, hal. 45. [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Syahmin. _Hukum Diplomatik dalam Kerangka Studi Analisis_. Jakarta: Rajawali PERS, 2008, hal. 46. [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Masyarofah. _Fakta Perjanjian Damai dan Hubungan Diplomatik Negara Timur Tengah dalam Proses Perdamaian Konflik Israel-Palestina Pasca Kemerdekaan Palestina_. Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar’I, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2015, hal. 82. [\[8\]](#_ftnref8) Erwin. _Pengabaian Distinction Principle dalam Situasi Blokade oleh Israel di Jalur Gaza._ Jurnal Rechidee, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2013, hal. 13. [\[9\]](#_ftnref9) Masyarofah. _Fakta Perjanjian Damai dan Hubungan Diplomatik Negara Timur Tengah dalam Proses Perdamaian Konflik Israel-Palestina Pasca Kemerdekaan Palestina_. Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar’I, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2015, hal. 82. [\[10\]](#_ftnref10) Syarif Bahaudin Mudore. _Peran Diplomasi Indonesia dalam Konflik Israel-Palestina._ Jurnal CMES Vol. 12, No. 2, 2019, hal. 177-178. [\[11\]](#_ftnref11) Mayjen TNI (Purn) I Gede Sumertha _(et.al). Keterlibatan Pemerintah Indonesia dalam Proses Perdamaian Konflik Israel-Palestina_. Jurnal Damai dan Resolusi Konflik Unhan, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2017, hal. 6. [\[12\]](#_ftnref12) Mayjen TNI (Purn) I Gede Sumertha _(et.al). Keterlibatan Pemerintah Indonesia dalam Proses Perdamaian Konflik Israel-Palestina_. Jurnal Damai dan Resolusi Konflik Unhan, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2017, hal. 17. [\[13\]](#_ftnref13) Syahmin. _Hukum Diplomatik dalam Kerangka Studi Analisis_. Jakarta: Rajawali PERS, 2008, hal. 46. Tags ---- [diplomat](/tag/diplomat) [diplomatik](/tag/diplomatik) [hukum internasional](/tag/hukum-internasional)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. KLINIK TERKAITTetangga Berisik Setel Musik Keras-keras, Adakah Pidananya? 23 Feb 2023Hukumnya Parkir Sembarangan di Depan Rumah Tetangga10 Feb 2023Dasar Hukum Iuran Rukun Tetangga 10 Okt 2022Hukumnya Menyebarluaskan Perbuatan Tetangga yang Terekam CCTV Rumah17 Mar 2020Artikel ini dibuat berdasarkan KUHP lama dan UU 1/2023 tentang KUHP yang diundangkan pada tanggal 2 Januari 2023. Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika. Hukumnya Membuat dan Menjual PetasanKami turut prihatin atas kejadian ledakan petasan di Kaliangkrik, Magelang yang menyebabkan korban jiwa dan kerugian materiel. Semoga keluarga korban diberi ketabahan.Selanjutnya, menjawab pertanyaan Anda terkait dengan kepemilikan bahan petasan tanpa hak pada dasarnya dilarang. Hal ini diatur di Pasal 1 ayat (1) dan (3) UU Darurat 12/1951. Ulasan terkait dengan penyimpanan bahan petasan dapat Anda baca selengkapnya dalam artikel Jerat Hukum bagi Pemilik Obat Petasan.Selain menyimpan, apakah boleh menjual petasan dan membuat petasan? Petasan tergolong sebagai bunga api yaitu benda bunga api tunggal atau tersusun atau semacamnya yang dapat menyala berwarna-warni dengan disertai letusan maupun tidak.[1] Bunga api ini termasuk sebagai bahan peledak komersial yang sifatnya eksplosif.[2]Bunga api yang diatur perizinannya dalam Perkapolri 17/2017 adalah bunga api yang berisi mesiu lebih dari 20 gram dengan ukuran lebih dari 2 inchi.[3] Mesiu yang dimaksud tersebut merupakan bahan atau campuran yang dapat menyebabkan ledakan/letusan yang meliputi:[4]campuran belerang, sendawa, arang kayu; dancampuran berupa serbuk dari sendawa, belerang, antimon belerang, dan serbuk aluminium.Bagi produsen dan distributor petasan yang berisi mesiu lebih dari 20 gram dan lebih dari 2 inchi harus berbentuk badan hukum dan wajib memenuhi persyaratan yang ditentukan dalam Pasal 6 ayat (2) Perkapolri 17/2017.Selain harus berbentuk badan hukum, produsen dan distributor petasan harus memiliki izin seperti izin pemilikan, penguasaan dan penyimpanan, izin produksi, ataupun izin pendistribusian.[5]Dengan demikian, menjawab pertanyaan Anda, apa hukumnya menjual petasan dan membuat petasan? Boleh, sepanjang memenuhi syarat dan ketentuan. Memproduksi dan mendistribusikan petasan mesiu yang berisi lebih dari 20 gram dengan ukuran lebih dari 2 inchi (5,08 cm) harus dengan izin. Hukumnya Menyalakan PetasanSelanjutnya, menjawab pertanyaan Anda mengenai apakah boleh main petasan? Jawabannya boleh sepanjang memenuhi ketentuan dalam Perkapolri 17/2017, penggunaan petasan yang berisi lebih dari 20 gram mesiu dan/atau berdiameter lebih dari 2 inchi harus mendapatkan izin terlebih dahulu.[6]Selain itu, jika menyalakan petasan secara ilegal dan dilakukan secara terus menerus tanpa aturan hingga membuat gaduh dan mengganggu sekitar, apalagi di dekat tempat ibadah ketika ibadah berlangsung, dapat dipidana.Menurut KUHP lama yang saat ini artikel ini diterbitkan dan UU 1/2023 tentang KUHP baru yang berlaku 3 tahun terhitung sejak tanggal diundangkan,[7] yaitu pada tahun 2026 diatur sebagai berikut.KUHPUU 1/2023Pasal 503 KUHPDiancam dengan pidana kurungan paling lama 3 hari atau pidana denda paling banyak Rp225 ribu:[8]barang siapa membikin ingar atau riuh, sehingga ketenteraman malam hari dapat terganggu;barang siapa membikin gaduh di dekat bangunan untuk menjalankan ibadat yang dibolehkan atau untuk sidang pengadilan, di waktu ada ibadat atau sidang.Pasal 265 UU 1/2023Dipidana dengan pidana denda paling banyak kategori II yaitu Rp10juta,[9] setiap orang yang mengganggu ketenteraman lingkungan dengan:membuat hingar-bingar atau berisik tetangga pada malam; ataumembuat seruan atau tanda-tanda bahaya palsu. Pasal 279 ayat (1) UU 1/2023Setiap orang yang membuat gaduh di dekat ruang sidang pengadilan pada saat sidang berlangsung dan tidak pergi sesudah diperintahkan sampai 3 kali oleh atau atas nama petugas yang berwenang, dipidana dengan pidana denda paling banyak kategori I, yaitu Rp1 juta.[10] Pasal 303 ayat (1) UU 1/2023Setiap orang yang membuat gaduh di dekat tempat untuk menjalankan ibadah pada waktu ibadah sedang berlangsung, dipidana dengan pidana denda paling banyak kategori I, yaitu Rp1 juta.[11]Apabila ledakan petasan tersebut menimbulkan bahaya maka dapat diancam dengan pasal berikut.Pasal 187 KUHPPasal 308 UU 1/2023Barang siapa dengan sengaja menimbulkan kebakaran, ledakan atau banjir, diancam:dengan pidana penjara paling lama 12 tahun, jika karena perbuatan tersebut di atas timbul bahaya umum bagi barang;dengan pidana penjara paling lama 15 tahun, jika karena perbuatan tersebut di atas timbul bahaya bagi nyawa orang lain;dengan pidana penjara seumur hidup atau selama waktu tertentu paling lama 20 tahun, jika karena perbuatan tersebut di atas timbul bahaya bagi nyawa orang lain dan mengakibatkan orang mati.Setiap orang yang melakukan perbuatan yang mengakibatkan kebakaran, ledakan, atau banjir sehingga membahayakan keamanan umum bagi orang atau barang, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 9 tahun.Jika perbuatan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) mengakibatkan luka berat orang lain, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 12 tahun.Dalam hal perbuatan sebagaimana dimaksud ayat (1) mengakibatkan matinya orang, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 15 tahun. Jika Bahan Petasan Meledak Menyebabkan Kebakaran dan Korban JiwaDalam kasus yang Anda sampaikan, ledakan dari bahan petasan tersebut menyebabkan kebakaran dan korban jiwa. Menurut hemat kami, tindakan tersebut tentu tidak dilakukan secara sengaja atau lalai.Jika karena kelalaian pemilik menimbulkan ledakan dan kebakaran hingga terjadi korban jiwa, maka terdapat pasal dalam KUHP yang dapat menjerat pelaku. Selengkapnya dapat Anda baca dalam artikel Pasal Kelalaian yang Mengakibatkan Kematian dalam KUHP.Adapun jerat pasal mengenai kelalaian yang mengakibatkan kebakaran berikut penjelasannya dapat Anda baca dalam artikel Kelalaian Mengakibatkan Kebakaran, Ini Hukumnya. Namun, berdasarkan keterangan yang Anda berikan pelaku penyimpan bahan petasan yang meledak tersebut meninggal dunia, sehingga kejadian ini tidak dapat dilakukan penuntutan.[12] Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwibahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut di sini.Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUMKitab Undang-Undang Hukum PidanaUndang-Undang Darurat Nomor 12 Tahun 1951 tentang Mengubah “Ordonnantietijdelijke Bijzondere Strafbepalingen” (STBL. 1948 Nomor 17) dan Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Dahulu Nomor 8 Tahun 1948Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum PidanaPeraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 2 Tahun 2012 tentang Penyesuaian Batasan Tindak Pidana Ringan dan Jumlah Denda dalam KUHPPeraturan Kepala Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 17 Tahun 2017 tentang Perizinan, Pengamanan, Pengawasan dan Pengendalian Bahan Peledak Komersial[1] Pasal 1 angka 6 Peraturan Kepala Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 17 Tahun 2017 tentang Perizinan, Pengamanan, Pengawasan dan Pengendalian Bahan Peledak Komersial (“Perkapolri 17/2017”)[2] Pasal 2 huruf h angka 12 Perkapolri 17/2017[3] Pasal 3 ayat (1) huruf a Perkapolri 17/2017[4] Pasal 3 ayat (1) huruf b dan ayat (2) Perkapolri 17/2017[5] Pasal 14 ayat (1) Perkapolri 17/2017[6] Pasal 14 ayat (1) huruf i Perkapolri 17/2017[7] Pasal 624 Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (“UU 1/2023”)[8] Pasal 503 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (“KUHP”) jo. Pasal 3 dan 4 Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 2 Tahun 2012 tentang Penyesuaian Batasan Tindak Pidana Ringan dan Jumlah Denda dalam KUHP[9] Pasal 79 ayat (1) huruf b UU 1/2023[10] Pasal 79 ayat (1) huruf a UU 1/2023[11] Pasal 79 ayat (1) huruf a UU 1/2023[12] Pasal 77 KUHP atau Pasal 132 ayat (1) huruf b UU 1/2023Tagshukum pidanakebakarankuhptetangga
Baru-baru ini di Kaliangkrik Magelang, terjadi ledakan bahan petasan hingga membuat sejumlah rumah terbakar dan pemilik bahan petasan tersebut meninggal dunia. Pertanyaan saya: Apa sanksi bagi orang yang menyimpan bahan petasan hingga menyebabkan ledakan dan kebakaran? Karena di bulan Ramadan ini banyak beredar petasan, apa hukumnya orang yang membuat, menjual dan menyalakan petasan yang mengganggu orang lain, bahkan hingga jatuh korban?
Untuk dapat membuat, menjual, dan main petasan, harus sesuai dengan syarat dan ketentuan yang diatur di dalam Perkapolri 17/2017 dan peraturan perundang-undangan terkait. Lantas, apa jerat pidana bagi orang yang menyimpan bahan petasan dan bermain petasan hingga membuat kerusakan atau menimbulkan korban?   Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Tetangga Berisik Setel Musik Keras-keras, Adakah Pidananya? 23 Feb 2023Hukumnya Parkir Sembarangan di Depan Rumah Tetangga10 Feb 2023Dasar Hukum Iuran Rukun Tetangga 10 Okt 2022Hukumnya Menyebarluaskan Perbuatan Tetangga yang Terekam CCTV Rumah17 Mar 2020Tetangga Berisik Setel Musik Keras-keras, Adakah Pidananya? 23 Feb 2023Hukumnya Parkir Sembarangan di Depan Rumah Tetangga10 Feb 2023Dasar Hukum Iuran Rukun Tetangga 10 Okt 2022Hukumnya Menyebarluaskan Perbuatan Tetangga yang Terekam CCTV Rumah17 Mar 2020Somasi: Pengertian, Dasar Hukum, dan Cara Membuatnya 7 Jun 2023Ingin Rujuk, Begini Cara Cabut Gugatan Cerai di Pengadilan1 Sep 2023Cara Menghitung Pembebasan Bersyarat bagi Narapidana3 Agu 2022Somasi: Pengertian, Dasar Hukum, dan Cara Membuatnya 7 Jun 2023Ingin Rujuk, Begini Cara Cabut Gugatan Cerai di Pengadilan1 Sep 2023Cara Menghitung Pembebasan Bersyarat bagi Narapidana3 Agu 2022
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/ini-aturan-hukum-membuat-menjual-dan-main-petasan-lt64254637494ff/
Ini Aturan Hukum Membuat, Menjual dan Main Petasan
pages/152/page-0.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Tetangga Berisik Setel Musik Keras-keras, Adakah Pidananya? ](/klinik/a/tetangga-berisik-setel-musik-keras-lt4f1b05617e94d/) ![Tetangga Berisik Setel Musik Keras-keras, Adakah Pidananya? ](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt4f1b05617e94d/thumbnail_lt63f708d245705.jpg) 23 Feb 2023 [ #### Hukumnya Parkir Sembarangan di Depan Rumah Tetangga ](/klinik/a/hukumnya-parkir-sembarangan-di-depan-rumah-tetangga-lt508905b609bf6/) ![Hukumnya Parkir Sembarangan di Depan Rumah Tetangga](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt508905b609bf6/thumbnail_lt63e5f4fd53c22.jpg) 10 Feb 2023 [ #### Dasar Hukum Iuran Rukun Tetangga ](/klinik/a/dasar-hukum-iuran-rukun-tetangga-lt57e10cf54f19d/) ![Dasar Hukum Iuran Rukun Tetangga ](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt57e10cf54f19d/thumbnail_lt57e8abcaab024.jpg) 10 Okt 2022 [ #### Hukumnya Menyebarluaskan Perbuatan Tetangga yang Terekam CCTV Rumah ](/klinik/a/hukumnya-menyebarluaskan-perbuatan-tetangga-yang-terekam-cctv-rumah-lt5e5fa40677b22/) ![Hukumnya Menyebarluaskan Perbuatan Tetangga yang Terekam CCTV Rumah](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt5e5fa40677b22/thumbnail_lt5e709d2baedfc.jpg) 17 Mar 2020 [](#!) **Artikel ini dibuat berdasarkan KUHP lama dan UU 1/2023 tentang KUHP yang diundangkan pada tanggal 2 Januari 2023.** Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika)**.** ### **Hukumnya Membuat dan Menjual Petasan** Kami turut prihatin atas kejadian ledakan petasan di Kaliangkrik, Magelang yang menyebabkan korban jiwa dan kerugian materiel. Semoga keluarga korban diberi ketabahan. Selanjutnya, menjawab pertanyaan Anda terkait dengan kepemilikan bahan petasan tanpa hak pada dasarnya dilarang. Hal ini diatur di **Pasal 1 ayat (1) dan (3)** [**UU Darurat 12/1951**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/28541/node/604/undang-undang-darurat-no-12-tahun-1951-mengubah-ordonnantietijdelijke-bijzondere-strafbepalingen-%28stbl.-1948-nomor-17%29-dan-undang-undang-republik-indonesia-dahulu-nomor-8-tahun-1948?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_darurat). Ulasan terkait dengan penyimpanan bahan petasan dapat Anda baca selengkapnya dalam artikel [**Jerat Hukum bagi Pemilik Obat Petasan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/jerat-hukum-bagi-pemilik-obat-petasan-lt5f82e936cda2e?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=obat_petasan). Selain menyimpan, apakah boleh menjual petasan dan membuat petasan? Petasan tergolong sebagai bunga api yaitu benda bunga api tunggal atau tersusun atau semacamnya yang dapat menyala berwarna-warni dengan disertai letusan maupun tidak.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Bunga api ini termasuk sebagai bahan peledak komersial yang sifatnya eksplosif.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Bunga api yang diatur perizinannya dalam [**Perkapolri 17/2017**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5a5312c2e75fb/peraturan-kapolri-nomor-17-tahun-2017/document#?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perkapolri_17_2017) adalah bunga api yang berisi **mesiu lebih dari 20 gram dengan ukuran lebih dari 2 inchi**.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Mesiu yang dimaksud tersebut merupakan bahan atau campuran yang dapat menyebabkan ledakan/letusan yang meliputi:[\[4\]](#_ftn4) 1. campuran belerang, sendawa, arang kayu; dan 2. campuran berupa serbuk dari sendawa, belerang, antimon belerang, dan serbuk aluminium. Bagi produsen dan distributor petasan yang berisi mesiu lebih dari 20 gram dan lebih dari 2 inchi harus berbentuk badan hukum dan wajib memenuhi persyaratan yang ditentukan dalam **Pasal 6 ayat (2) Perkapolri 17/2017.** Selain harus berbentuk badan hukum, produsen dan distributor petasan harus memiliki izin seperti izin pemilikan, penguasaan dan penyimpanan, izin produksi, ataupun izin pendistribusian.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) Dengan demikian, menjawab pertanyaan Anda, apa hukumnya menjual petasan dan membuat petasan? Boleh, sepanjang memenuhi syarat dan ketentuan. Memproduksi dan mendistribusikan petasan mesiu yang berisi lebih dari 20 gram dengan ukuran lebih dari 2 inchi (5,08 cm) harus dengan izin. ### **Hukumnya Menyalakan Petasan** Selanjutnya, menjawab pertanyaan Anda mengenai apakah boleh main petasan? Jawabannya boleh sepanjang memenuhi ketentuan dalam Perkapolri 17/2017, penggunaan petasan yang berisi lebih dari 20 gram mesiu dan/atau berdiameter lebih dari 2 inchi harus mendapatkan izin terlebih dahulu.[\[6\]](#_ftn6) Selain itu, jika menyalakan petasan secara ilegal dan dilakukan secara terus menerus tanpa aturan hingga membuat gaduh dan mengganggu sekitar, apalagi di dekat tempat ibadah ketika ibadah berlangsung, dapat dipidana. Menurut **[KUHP](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4c7b7fd88a8c3/nprt/38/wetboek-van-strafrecht-\(wvs\)-kitab-undang-undang-hukum-pidana-\(kuhp\)?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHP)** lama yang saat ini artikel ini diterbitkan dan **[UU 1/2023](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b3943c53853/undang-undang-nomor-1-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_1_2023_KUHP_baru)** tentang KUHP baru yang berlaku 3 tahun terhitung sejak tanggal diundangkan,[\[7\]](#_ftn7) yaitu pada tahun 2026 diatur sebagai berikut. **KUHP** **UU 1/2023** **Pasal 503 KUHP** Diancam dengan pidana kurungan paling lama 3 hari atau pidana denda paling banyak Rp225 ribu:[\[8\]](#_ftn8) 1. barang siapa membikin ingar atau riuh, sehingga ketenteraman malam hari dapat terganggu; 2. barang siapa membikin gaduh di dekat bangunan untuk menjalankan ibadat yang dibolehkan atau untuk sidang pengadilan, di waktu ada ibadat atau sidang. **Pasal 265 UU 1/2023** Dipidana dengan pidana denda paling banyak kategori II yaitu Rp10juta,[\[9\]](#_ftn9) setiap orang yang mengganggu ketenteraman lingkungan dengan: 1. membuat hingar-bingar atau berisik tetangga pada malam; atau 2. membuat seruan atau tanda-tanda bahaya palsu. **Pasal 279 ayat (1) UU 1/2023** Setiap orang yang membuat gaduh di dekat ruang sidang pengadilan pada saat sidang berlangsung dan tidak pergi sesudah diperintahkan sampai 3 kali oleh atau atas nama petugas yang berwenang, dipidana dengan pidana denda paling banyak kategori I, yaitu Rp1 juta.[\[10\]](#_ftn10) **Pasal 303 ayat (1) UU 1/2023** Setiap orang yang membuat gaduh di dekat tempat untuk menjalankan ibadah pada waktu ibadah sedang berlangsung, dipidana dengan pidana denda paling banyak kategori I, yaitu Rp1 juta.[\[11\]](#_ftn11) Apabila ledakan petasan tersebut menimbulkan bahaya maka dapat diancam dengan pasal berikut. **Pasal 187 KUHP** **Pasal 308 UU 1/2023** Barang siapa dengan sengaja menimbulkan kebakaran, ledakan atau banjir, diancam: 1. dengan pidana penjara paling lama 12 tahun, jika karena perbuatan tersebut di atas timbul bahaya umum bagi barang; 2. dengan pidana penjara paling lama 15 tahun, jika karena perbuatan tersebut di atas timbul bahaya bagi nyawa orang lain; 3. dengan pidana penjara seumur hidup atau selama waktu tertentu paling lama 20 tahun, jika karena perbuatan tersebut di atas timbul bahaya bagi nyawa orang lain dan mengakibatkan orang mati. 1. Setiap orang yang melakukan perbuatan yang mengakibatkan kebakaran, ledakan, atau banjir sehingga membahayakan keamanan umum bagi orang atau barang, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 9 tahun. 2. Jika perbuatan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) mengakibatkan luka berat orang lain, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 12 tahun. 3. Dalam hal perbuatan sebagaimana dimaksud ayat (1) mengakibatkan matinya orang, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 15 tahun. ### **Jika Bahan Petasan Meledak Menyebabkan Kebakaran dan Korban Jiwa** Dalam kasus yang Anda sampaikan, ledakan dari bahan petasan tersebut menyebabkan kebakaran dan korban jiwa. Menurut hemat kami, tindakan tersebut tentu tidak dilakukan secara sengaja atau lalai. Jika karena kelalaian pemilik menimbulkan ledakan dan kebakaran hingga terjadi korban jiwa, maka terdapat pasal dalam KUHP yang dapat menjerat pelaku. Selengkapnya dapat Anda baca dalam artikel [**Pasal Kelalaian yang Mengakibatkan Kematian dalam KUHP**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/pasal-kelalaian-yang-mengakibatkan-kematian-dalam-kuhp-lt517da4b063376?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pasal_kelalaian_kematian_kuhp)**.** Adapun jerat pasal mengenai kelalaian yang mengakibatkan kebakaran berikut penjelasannya dapat Anda baca dalam artikel [**Kelalaian Mengakibatkan Kebakaran, Ini Hukumnya**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/kelalaian-mengakibatkan-kebakaran--ini-hukumannya-lt5492bf25276de?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=kelalaian_menyebabkan_kebakaran)**.** Namun, berdasarkan keterangan yang Anda berikan pelaku penyimpan bahan petasan yang meledak tersebut meninggal dunia, sehingga kejadian ini tidak dapat dilakukan penuntutan.[\[12\]](#_ftn12) Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwibahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut [**di sini**](https://pro.hukumonline.com/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=cta&utm_campaign=artikel_klinik). Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4c7b7fd88a8c3/nprt/38/wetboek-van-strafrecht-\(wvs\)-kitab-undang-undang-hukum-pidana-\(kuhp\)?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHP) Undang-Undang Darurat Nomor 12 Tahun 1951 tentang Mengubah “Ordonnantietijdelijke Bijzondere Strafbepalingen” (STBL. 1948 Nomor 17) dan Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Dahulu Nomor 8 Tahun 1948 [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/28541/node/604/undang-undang-darurat-no-12-tahun-1951-mengubah-ordonnantietijdelijke-bijzondere-strafbepalingen-%28stbl.-1948-nomor-17%29-dan-undang-undang-republik-indonesia-dahulu-nomor-8-tahun-1948?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_darurat) Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b3943c53853/undang-undang-nomor-1-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_1_2023_KUHP_baru) Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 2 Tahun 2012 tentang Penyesuaian Batasan Tindak Pidana Ringan dan Jumlah Denda dalam KUHP [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4f4df95a89a5f/peraturan-mahkamah-agung-nomor-2-tahun-2012?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perma_2_2012) Peraturan Kepala Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 17 Tahun 2017 tentang Perizinan, Pengamanan, Pengawasan dan Pengendalian Bahan Peledak Komersial [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5a5312c2e75fb/peraturan-kapolri-nomor-17-tahun-2017/document#?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perkapolri_17_2017) * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Pasal 1 angka 6 [Peraturan Kepala Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 17 Tahun 2017 tentang Perizinan, Pengamanan, Pengawasan dan Pengendalian Bahan Peledak Komersial](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5a5312c2e75fb/peraturan-kapolri-nomor-17-tahun-2017/document#?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perkapolri_17_2017) (“Perkapolri 17/2017”) [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal 2 huruf h angka 12 Perkapolri 17/2017 [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 3 ayat (1) huruf a Perkapolri 17/2017 [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 3 ayat (1) huruf b dan ayat (2) Perkapolri 17/2017 [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Pasal 14 ayat (1) Perkapolri 17/2017 [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Pasal 14 ayat (1) huruf i Perkapolri 17/2017 [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Pasal 624 [Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b3943c53853/undang-undang-nomor-1-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_1_2023_KUHP_baru) (“UU 1/2023”) [\[8\]](#_ftnref8) Pasal 503 [Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4c7b7fd88a8c3/nprt/38/wetboek-van-strafrecht-\(wvs\)-kitab-undang-undang-hukum-pidana-\(kuhp\)?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHP) (“KUHP”) _jo._ Pasal 3 dan 4 [Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 2 Tahun 2012 tentang Penyesuaian Batasan Tindak Pidana Ringan dan Jumlah Denda dalam KUHP](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4f4df95a89a5f/peraturan-mahkamah-agung-nomor-2-tahun-2012?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perma_2_2012) [\[9\]](#_ftnref9) Pasal 79 ayat (1) huruf b UU 1/2023 [\[10\]](#_ftnref10) Pasal 79 ayat (1) huruf a UU 1/2023 [\[11\]](#_ftnref11) Pasal 79 ayat (1) huruf a UU 1/2023 [\[12\]](#_ftnref12) Pasal 77 KUHP atau Pasal 132 ayat (1) huruf b UU 1/2023 Tags ---- [hukum pidana](/tag/hukum-pidana) [kebakaran](/tag/kebakaran) [kuhp](/tag/kuhp) [tetangga](/tag/tetangga)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul Menjerat Pacar yang Membawa Uang dan Meninggalkan Janji yang dibuat oleh Tri Jata Ayu Pramesti, S.H., dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Jumat, 23 Mei 2014.KLINIK TERKAITMantan Pacar Ancam Sebar Aib ke Medsos, Ini Jerat Hukumnya24 Mei 2023Hukumnya Mantan Pacar Minta Kembalikan Barang Pemberian21 Feb 2023Bisakah Dipenjara karena Berhubungan Seks dengan Pacar?05 Jan 2023Menyadap WhatsApp Pacar, Apakah Termasuk Cybercrime?05 Des 2022Artikel ini dibuat berdasarkan KUHP lama dan UU 1/2023 tentang KUHP yang diundangkan pada tanggal 2 Januari 2023.Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.Gugat Pacar yang Kabur Bawa Uang Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Dalam pertanyaan, Anda menyebutkan pacar meminjam uang kepada Anda sejumlah Rp26 juta dan kabur tak membayarnya. Terkait pinjaman uang ini tercantum dalam Pasal 1754 KUH Perdata yang selengkapnya berbunyi sebagai berikut.Pinjam pakai habis adalah suatu perjanjian, yang menentukan pihak pertama menyerahkan sejumlah barang yang dapat habis terpakai kepada pihak kedua dengan syarat bahwa pihak kedua itu akan mengembalikan barang sejenis kepada pihak pertama dalam jumlah dan keadaan yang sama.Utang piutang sendiri adalah salah satu bentuk perjanjian, yang mana syarat sahnya perjanjian sebagaimana terdapat dalam Pasal 1320 KUH Perdata:kesepakatan mereka yang mengikatkan dirinya;kecakapan untuk membuat suatu perikatan;suatu pokok persoalan tertentu;suatu sebab yang tidak terlarang.Baca juga: Ini 4 Syarat Sah Perjanjian dan Akibatnya Jika Tak DipenuhiMelihat pada ketentuan di atas, terlihat bahwa tertulis atau tidaknya suatu perjanjian tidak menjadi syarat sahnya perjanjian. Sehingga, jika Anda tidak membuat perjanjian utang piutang tertulis dengan pacar Anda, hal ini tidak mempengaruhi syarat sahnya perjanjian.Sebab pada dasarnya perjanjian yang telah dibuat para pihak berlaku sebagai undang-undang bagi yang membuatnya. Hal ini tertuang dalam Pasal 1338 KUH Perdata atau yang dikenal dengan sebutan asas kebebasan berkontrak.Oleh karena itu, apabila pacar Anda tidak melaksanakan kewajibannya untuk mengembalikan pinjaman uang, Anda selaku pihak yang meminjamkan uang dapat menggugat pacar Anda secara perdata atas dasar wanprestasi.Oleh karena itu, apabila pacar Anda hingga kini belum mengembalikan uangnya dan sulit dihubungi, kami menyarankan kepada Anda untuk memberikan somasi kepada pacar Anda untuk segera melaksanakan kewajibannya mengembalikan uang Rp26 juta dengan melalui surat tertulis yang dikirimkan ke alamat rumahnya atau melalui orang tuanya.Dalam hal setelah diberikan waktu ia tetap tidak membayar utangnya, Anda dapat menggugat secara perdata ke pengadilan atas dasar wanprestasi. Perihal cara membuat surat somasi, Anda dapat menyimaknya pada Pengertian Somasi dan Cara Membuatnya.Pacar Kabur Bawa Uang Termasuk Penipuan?Selain dari sisi perdata yaitu gugatan wanprestasi, Anda dapat mempertimbangkan menempuh jalur pidana yaitu pasal penipuan sebagaimana diatur dalam KUHP yang masih berlaku pada saat artikel ini diterbitkan dan UU 1/2023 tentang KUHP baru yang baru berlaku 3 tahun sejak tanggal diundangkan,[1] yaitu tahun 2026 sebagai berikut.Pasa 378 KUHPPasal 492 UU 1/2023Barang siapa dengan maksud untuk menguntungkan diri sendiri atau orang lain secara melawan hukum, dengan memakai nama palsu atau martabat palsu, dengan tipu muslihat, ataupun rangkaian kebohongan, menggerakkan orang lain untuk menyerahkan barang sesuatu kepadanya, atau supaya memberi hutang maupun menghapuskan piutang, diancam karena penipuan dengan pidana penjara paling lama 4 tahun.Setiap orang yang dengan maksud menguntungkan diri sendiri atau orang lain secara melawan hukum dengan memakai nama palsu atau kedudukan palsu, menggunakan tipu muslihat atau rangkaian kata bohong, menggerakkan orang supaya menyerahkan suatu barang, memberi utang, membuat pengakuan utang, atau menghapus piutang, dipidana karena penipuan, dengan pidana penjara paling lama 4 tahun atau pidana denda paling banyak kategori V, yaitu Rp500 juta.[2]Sebagaimana dikutip dari artikel Apakah Kasus Wanprestasi Bisa Dilaporkan Jadi Penipuan?, harus dilihat dulu motif dari pelaku. Jika sejak awal pacar Anda sengaja menggunakan nama palsu, kedudukan palsu, martabat palsu, tipu muslihat, atau rangkaian kebohongan agar Anda mau menyerahkan uang, maka hal tersebut sudah dikategorikan sebagai penipuan. Namun jika sedari awal tidak ada motif tersebut, maka hal tersebut merupakan wanprestasi murni.Lebih lanjut, untuk mempermudah pemahaman Anda, kami merujuk pada bunyi Putusan MA No. 1689 K/Pid/2015 yang menyebutkan kaidah hukum bahwa para pihak yang tidak memenuhi kewajiban dalam perjanjian yang dibuat secara sah bukan penipuan, namun wanprestasi yang masuk dalam ranah keperdataan, kecuali jika perjanjian tersebut didasari dengan iktikad buruk/tidak baik.Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat.DASAR HUKUMKitab Undang-Undang Hukum PerdataKitab Undang-Undang Hukum PidanaUndang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum PidanaREFERENSIPutusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 1689 K/Pid/2015.[1] Pasal 624 Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (“UU 1/2023”)[2] Pasal 79 ayat (1) huruf e UU 1/2023Tagshamilhukumhukumonlineklinik hukumonlinepenipuanwanprestasi
Saya sudah berpacaran lebih kurang 2 tahun. Kami bertekad untuk melangkah ke jenjang pernikahan. Selama pacaran, ia kerap meminjam uang kepada saya untuk membantu keluarga dan bisnisnya dengan total Rp26 juta. Kemudian ia tiba-tiba menghilang tanpa kabar. Saya sudah berusaha hubungi orang tua dan keluarganya juga tidak ada yang merespon. Adakah jerat hukum bagi pacar yang bawa kabur uang pinjaman?
Pacar yang kabur membawa uang pinjaman dapat digugat secara perdata atas wanprestasi atau dilaporkan secara pidana atas penipuan. Apa dasar hukum yang bisa menjerat pacar kabur bawa uang? Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Mantan Pacar Ancam Sebar Aib ke Medsos, Ini Jerat Hukumnya24 Mei 2023Hukumnya Mantan Pacar Minta Kembalikan Barang Pemberian21 Feb 2023Bisakah Dipenjara karena Berhubungan Seks dengan Pacar?05 Jan 2023Menyadap WhatsApp Pacar, Apakah Termasuk Cybercrime?05 Des 2022Mantan Pacar Ancam Sebar Aib ke Medsos, Ini Jerat Hukumnya24 Mei 2023Hukumnya Mantan Pacar Minta Kembalikan Barang Pemberian21 Feb 2023Bisakah Dipenjara karena Berhubungan Seks dengan Pacar?05 Jan 2023Menyadap WhatsApp Pacar, Apakah Termasuk Cybercrime?05 Des 2022Baca Tips Ini Sebelum Menggunakan Karya Cipta Milik Umum28 Feb 2023Perhatikan Ini Sebelum Tanda Tangan Kontrak Kerja20 Mar 2023Cara Pindah Kewarganegaraan WNI Menjadi WNA25 Mar 2024Baca Tips Ini Sebelum Menggunakan Karya Cipta Milik Umum28 Feb 2023Perhatikan Ini Sebelum Tanda Tangan Kontrak Kerja20 Mar 2023Cara Pindah Kewarganegaraan WNI Menjadi WNA25 Mar 2024
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/pacar-kabur-membawa-uang-lt537dadb2ea47b/
Jerat Hukum Pacar yang Kabur Membawa Uang
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul _Menjerat Pacar yang Membawa Uang dan Meninggalkan Janji_ yang dibuat oleh** [**Tri Jata Ayu Pramesti, S.H.**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/tri-jata-ayu-pramesti--sh-lt5165540a9b53c)**, dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Jumat, 23 Mei 2014.** ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Mantan Pacar Ancam Sebar Aib ke Medsos, Ini Jerat Hukumnya ](/klinik/a/mantan-pacar-ancam-sebar-aib-ke-medsos--ini-jerat-hukumnya-lt5fb227dfbb0c6/) ![Mantan Pacar Ancam Sebar Aib ke Medsos, Ini Jerat Hukumnya](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt5fb227dfbb0c6/thumbnail_lt646e1acbc3939.jpg) 24 Mei 2023 [ #### Hukumnya Mantan Pacar Minta Kembalikan Barang Pemberian ](/klinik/a/mantan-pacar-minta-kembali-barang-cl1917/) ![Hukumnya Mantan Pacar Minta Kembalikan Barang Pemberian](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/cl1917/thumbnail_lt63f47f7f8ca01.jpg) 21 Feb 2023 [ #### Bisakah Dipenjara karena Berhubungan Seks dengan Pacar? ](/klinik/a/bisakah-dipenjara-karena-berhubungan-seks-dengan-pacar-lt5018012dba3d7/) ![Bisakah Dipenjara karena Berhubungan Seks dengan Pacar?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt5018012dba3d7/thumbnail_lt63b6760adfd5c.jpg) 05 Jan 2023 [ #### Menyadap _WhatsApp_ Pacar, Apakah Termasuk _Cybercrime_? ](/klinik/a/menyadap-whatsapp-pacar-apakah-termasuk-cybercrime-lt632146341a5c2/) ![Menyadap <i>WhatsApp</i> Pacar, Apakah Termasuk <i>Cybercrime</i>?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt632146341a5c2/thumbnail_lt638dd3208bdd2.jpg) 05 Des 2022 [](#!) **Artikel ini dibuat berdasarkan KUHP lama dan UU 1/2023 tentang KUHP yang diundangkan pada tanggal 2 Januari 2023.** Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Gugat Pacar yang Kabur Bawa Uang** Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Dalam pertanyaan, Anda menyebutkan pacar meminjam uang kepada Anda sejumlah Rp26 juta dan kabur tak membayarnya. Terkait pinjaman uang ini tercantum dalam **Pasal 1754** **[KUH Perdata](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17229/node/686?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHPerdata)** yang selengkapnya berbunyi sebagai berikut. **_Pinjam pakai habis_** _adalah suatu perjanjian, yang menentukan pihak pertama menyerahkan sejumlah barang yang dapat habis terpakai kepada pihak kedua dengan syarat bahwa **pihak kedua itu akan mengembalikan barang sejenis kepada pihak pertama dalam jumlah dan keadaan yang sama**._ Utang piutang sendiri adalah salah satu bentuk perjanjian, yang mana syarat sahnya perjanjian sebagaimana terdapat dalam **Pasal 1320 KUH Perdata**: 1. kesepakatan mereka yang mengikatkan dirinya; 2. kecakapan untuk membuat suatu perikatan; 3. suatu pokok persoalan tertentu; 4. suatu sebab yang tidak terlarang. Baca juga: **[Ini 4 Syarat Sah Perjanjian dan Akibatnya Jika Tak Dipenuhi](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/4-syarat-sah-perjanjian-dan-akibatnya-jika-tak-dipenuhi-cl4141?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=ini_4_syarat_sah_perjanjian)** Melihat pada ketentuan di atas, terlihat bahwa tertulis atau tidaknya suatu perjanjian tidak menjadi syarat sahnya perjanjian. Sehingga, jika Anda tidak membuat perjanjian utang piutang tertulis dengan pacar Anda, hal ini tidak mempengaruhi syarat sahnya perjanjian. Sebab pada dasarnya perjanjian yang telah dibuat para pihak berlaku sebagai undang-undang bagi yang membuatnya. Hal ini tertuang dalam **Pasal 1338 KUH Perdata** atau yang dikenal dengan sebutan asas kebebasan berkontrak. Oleh karena itu, apabila pacar Anda tidak melaksanakan kewajibannya untuk mengembalikan pinjaman uang, Anda selaku pihak yang meminjamkan uang dapat menggugat pacar Anda secara perdata atas dasar wanprestasi. Oleh karena itu, apabila pacar Anda hingga kini belum mengembalikan uangnya dan sulit dihubungi, kami menyarankan kepada Anda untuk memberikan somasi kepada pacar Anda untuk segera melaksanakan kewajibannya mengembalikan uang Rp26 juta dengan melalui surat tertulis yang dikirimkan ke alamat rumahnya atau melalui orang tuanya. Dalam hal setelah diberikan waktu ia tetap tidak membayar utangnya, Anda dapat menggugat secara perdata ke pengadilan atas dasar wanprestasi. Perihal cara membuat surat somasi, Anda dapat menyimaknya pada **[Pengertian Somasi dan Cara Membuatnya](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/pengertian-somasi-dan-cara-membuatnya-lt616807e4d69a1?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=somasi)**. ### **Pacar Kabur Bawa Uang Termasuk Penipuan?** Selain dari sisi perdata yaitu gugatan wanprestasi, Anda dapat mempertimbangkan menempuh jalur pidana yaitu pasal penipuan sebagaimana diatur dalam [**KUHP**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4c7b7fd88a8c3/nprt/38/wetboek-van-strafrecht-\(wvs\)-kitab-undang-undang-hukum-pidana-\(kuhp\)?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHP) yang masih berlaku pada saat artikel ini diterbitkan dan **[UU 1/2023](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b3943c53853/undang-undang-nomor-1-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_1_2023_KUHP_baru)** tentang KUHP baru yang baru berlaku 3 tahun sejak tanggal diundangkan,[\[1\]](#_ftn1) yaitu tahun 2026 sebagai berikut. **Pasa 378 KUHP** **Pasal 492 UU 1/2023** Barang siapa dengan maksud untuk menguntungkan diri sendiri atau orang lain secara melawan hukum, **dengan memakai nama palsu atau martabat palsu, dengan tipu muslihat, ataupun rangkaian kebohongan**, menggerakkan orang lain untuk menyerahkan barang sesuatu kepadanya, atau **supaya memberi hutang** maupun menghapuskan piutang, diancam karena **penipuan** dengan pidana penjara paling lama 4 tahun. Setiap orang yang dengan maksud menguntungkan diri sendiri atau orang lain secara melawan hukum **dengan memakai nama palsu atau kedudukan palsu, menggunakan tipu muslihat atau rangkaian kata bohong**, menggerakkan orang supaya menyerahkan suatu barang, **memberi utang**, membuat pengakuan utang, atau menghapus piutang, dipidana karena **penipuan**, dengan pidana penjara paling lama 4 tahun atau pidana denda paling banyak kategori V, yaitu Rp500 juta.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Sebagaimana dikutip dari artikel [**Apakah Kasus Wanprestasi Bisa Dilaporkan Jadi Penipuan?**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/apakah-kasus-wanprestasi-bisa-dilaporkan-jadi-penipuan--lt4df06353199b8?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=wanprestasi_penipuan), harus dilihat dulu motif dari pelaku. Jika sejak awal pacar Anda sengaja menggunakan nama palsu, kedudukan palsu, martabat palsu, tipu muslihat, atau rangkaian kebohongan agar Anda mau menyerahkan uang, maka hal tersebut sudah dikategorikan sebagai penipuan. Namun jika sedari awal tidak ada motif tersebut, maka hal tersebut merupakan wanprestasi murni. Lebih lanjut, untuk mempermudah pemahaman Anda, kami merujuk pada bunyi **[Putusan MA No. 1689 K/Pid/2015](https://putusan3.mahkamahagung.go.id/yurisprudensi/detail/11eae84bf603f56082e7313635393133.html)** yang menyebutkan kaidah hukum bahwa para pihak yang tidak memenuhi kewajiban dalam perjanjian yang dibuat secara sah bukan penipuan, namun wanprestasi yang masuk dalam ranah keperdataan, **kecuali jika perjanjian tersebut didasari dengan iktikad buruk/tidak baik**. Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17229/node/686?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHPerdata) Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4c7b7fd88a8c3/nprt/38/wetboek-van-strafrecht-\(wvs\)-kitab-undang-undang-hukum-pidana-\(kuhp\)?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHP) Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b3943c53853/undang-undang-nomor-1-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_1_2023_KUHP_baru) REFERENSI --------- [Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 1689 K/Pid/2015](https://putusan3.mahkamahagung.go.id/yurisprudensi/detail/11eae84bf603f56082e7313635393133.html). [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Pasal 624 [Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b3943c53853/undang-undang-nomor-1-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_1_2023_KUHP_baru) (“UU 1/2023”) [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal 79 ayat (1) huruf e UU 1/2023 Tags ---- [hamil](/tag/hamil) [hukum](/tag/hukum) [hukumonline](/tag/hukumonline) [klinik hukumonline](/tag/klinik-hukumonline) [penipuan](/tag/penipuan) [wanprestasi](/tag/wanprestasi)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul sama yang dibuat oleh Bimo Prasetio, S.H. & Asharyanto, S.H.I. dari SMART Attorneys at Law dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Kamis, 31 Oktober 2013.KLINIK TERKAITAkibat Hukum Jika Somasi Diabaikan08 Sep 2023Bolehkah Karyawan Perusahaan Bertindak Melakukan Somasi?22 Agt 20232 Syarat Kepailitan dan Penjelasannya 05 Agt 2022Perbedaan Antara Kepailitan dengan PKPU14 Des 2012Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.Pengertian SomasiSebelum menjawab inti pertanyaan Anda, sebaiknya kita pahami terlebih dahulu apa yang dimaksud dengan somasi. Somasi menurut M. Khoidin adalah peringatan agar debitur melaksanakan kewajibannya sesuai dengan teguran atas kelalaian yang telah disampaikan kreditur kepadanya. Dalam somasi, kreditur menyatakan kehendaknya bahwa perjanjian harus dilaksanakan dalam batas waktu tertentu.[1] Sedangkan menurut Joko Sriwidodo dan Kristiawanto, somasi adalah teguran dari si kreditur kepada debitur agar dapat memenuhi prestasi sesuai dengan isi perjanjian yang telah disepakati antara ke duanya.[2]Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Istilah somasi sendiri tidak dikenal dalam KUHPer, namun, dasar hukum somasi diatur dalam Pasal 1238[3] yang berbunyi sebagai berikut:Debitur dinyatakan lalai dengan surat perintah, atau dengan akta sejenis itu, atau berdasarkan kekuatan dari perikatan sendiri, yaitu bila perikatan ini mengakibatkan debitur harus dianggap lalai dengan lewatnya waktu yang ditentukan.Dalam pasal 1238 KUHper, dengan tegas dinyatakan, bahwa apabila suatu perikatan tidak menentukan suatu tenggat waktu untuk melaksanakan suatu prestasi yang telah disepakati, maka debitur hanya dapat dianggap lalai setelah kreditor menyatakan bahwa debitor lalai dengan suatu surat perintah. Menurut Wirjono Prodjodikoro, perintah dari Pasal 1238 KUHper berarti tegoran atau tuntutan oleh pihak yang berhak ditujukan kepada pihak berwajib dengan perantaraan juru sita supaya pihak berwajib memenuhi kewajibannya segera atau dalam tempo yang disebutkan dalam surat tegoran itu.[4] Kemudian, Subekti juga berpendapat bahwa biasanya peringatan atau sommatie dilakukan oleh seorang juru sita dari Pengadilan, yang membuat proses verbal tentang pekerjaannya itu, atau juga cukup dengan surat tercatat atau surat kawat, asal saja jangan sampai dengan mudah dimungkiri oleh si berhutang.[5] Meskipun Pasal 1238 KUHper mengatur bahwa pernyataan atas keadaan lalai bersifat substitutif, dimana surat somasi diperlukan dalam hal suatu perikatan tidak menentukan tenggat waktu pelaksanaan prestasi, namun, dalam praktiknya meskipun dalam suatu perikatan telah ditentukan tenggat waktu pelaksanaan suatu prestasi, pihak kreditor akan tetap mengirimkan surat somasi sebagai tanda bahwa debitor telah diperingatkan dan/atau dinyatakan lalai secara tertulis.[6]R. Setiawan berpendapat bahwa jika dalam persetujuan ditentukan waktu tertentu bagi debitur untuk berprestasi, ini belum berarti bahwa dengan dilanggarnya waktu tersebut debitor sudah melakukan ingkar janji. Untuk itu, masih diperlukan penetapan lalai.[7] Pada dasarnya, terdapat 3 (tiga) cara terjadinya somasi, yaitu:[8]Debitur melaksanakan prestasi yang keliru;Debitur tidak memenuhi prestasi pada hari yang telah dijanjikan; danPrestasi yang dilaksanakan oleh debitur tidak lagi berguna bagi kreditur karena kadaluwarsa. Kemudian, isi yang harus dimuat di dalam surat somasi, antara lain:[9] apa yang dituntut;apa dasar tuntutan; dan tanggal paling lambat untuk memenuhi prestasi.Sedangkan, peristiwa-peristiwa yang tidak memerlukan somasi, antara lain:[10]debitur menolak pemenuhan;debitur mengakui kelalaian;pemenuhan prestasi tidak mungkin dilakukan;pemenuhan tidak berarti lagi (zinloos); dandebitur melakukan prestasi tidak sebagaimana mestinya. Baca juga: Pengertian Somasi dan Cara MembuatnyaKeterkaitan Hukum Antara Somasi dan PailitDalam kaitannya dengan permohonan pailit, pengajuan permohonan kepailitan diatur dalam UU 37/2004. Pasal 2 ayat (1) UU 37/2004 mengatur bahwa:Debitor yang mempunyai dua atau lebih Kreditor dan tidak membayar lunas sedikitnya satu utang yang telah jatuh waktu dan dapat ditagih, dinyatakan pailit dengan putusan Pengadilan, baik atas permohonannya sendiri maupun atas permohonan satu atau lebih kreditornya.Berdasarkan ketentuan diatas, dapat kami simpulkan bahwa agar permohonan pailit dapat dikabulkan, terdapat beberapa unsur yang harus dipenuhi, yakni:Debitor mempunyai 2 (dua) atau lebih kreditor;Debitor tidak membayar lunas sedikitnya 1 (satu) utang yang telah jatuh tempo dan dapat ditagih.Berkaitan dengan unsur ‘debitor tidak membayar lunas sedikitnya 1 (satu) utang yang telah jatuh tempo dan dapat ditagih’ menurut hemat kami, salah satu hal yang dapat membuktikan bahwa debitor memang telah lalai dalam melakukan pembayaran atas suatu utang yang telah jatuh tempo dan dapat ditagih adalah keberadaan surat somasi yang telah dilayangkan terlebih dahulu oleh kreditor terhadap debitor.Baca juga: 2 Syarat Kepailitan dan PenjelasannyaKesimpulannya, somasi adalah teguran dari kreditur kepada debitur agar dapat memenuhi prestasi sesuai dengan isi perjanjian yang telah disepakati. Kemudian, sebelum mengajukan permohonan pailit, sebaiknya kreditor mengajukan surat somasi terlebih dahulu kepada debitor dan menuntut agar debitor memenuhi kewajibannya. Dalam hal kreditor telah mengirimkan surat somasi kepada debitor, dan debitor tetap lalai untuk memenuhi kewajibannya, maka surat somasi tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu tanda pemenuhan unsur ‘debitor tidak membayar lunas sedikitnya 1 (satu) utang yang telah jatuh tempo dan dapat ditagih’. Dengan demikian, hal tersebut menjadi salah satu unsur agar suatu permohonan pailit dapat dikabulkan.Baca juga: Bisakah Suatu Negara Dinyatakan Pailit?Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwi bahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut di sini.Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUMKitab Undang-Undang Hukum PerdataUndang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 tentang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran UtangUndang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2023 tentang Pengembangan dan Penguatan Sektor KeuanganREFERENSIJoko Sriwidodo dan Kristiawanto. Memahami Hukum Perikatan. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kepel Press, 2021;M. Khoidin. Tanggung Gugat dalam Hukum Perdata. Yogyakarta: Laksbang Justitia, 2020;Setiawan. Pokok-Pokok Hukum Perikatan. Bandung: Penerbit Binacipta, 2007Subekti. Pokok-Pokok Hukum Perdata. Jakarta: Penerbit PT. Intermasa, Cetakan XXXI, 2003;Wirjono Prodjodikoro. Bunga Rampai Hukum Karangan Tersebar. Jakarta: PT Ichtiar Baru, 1974.[1] M. Khoidin. Tanggung Gugat dalam Hukum Perdata. Yogyakarta: Laksbang Justitia, 2020, hal. 43.[2] Joko Sriwidodo dan Kristiawanto. Memahami Hukum Perikatan. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kepel Press, 2021, hal. 20.[3] Joko Sriwidodo dan Kristiawanto. Memahami Hukum Perikatan. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kepel Press, 2021, hal. 20.[4] Wirjono Prodjodikoro. Bunga Rampai Hukum Karangan Tersebar. Jakarta: PT Ichtiar Baru, 1974, hal. 120.[5] Subekti. Pokok-Pokok Hukum Perdata. Jakarta: Penerbit PT. Intermasa, Cetakan XXXI, 2003, hal. 147.[6] Setiawan. Pokok-Pokok Hukum Perikatan. Bandung: Penerbit Binacipta, 2007, hal. 20.[7] Setiawan. Pokok-Pokok Hukum Perikatan. Bandung: Penerbit Binacipta, 2007, hal. 20.[8] Joko Sriwidodo dan Kristiawanto. Memahami Hukum Perikatan. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kepel Press, 2021, hal. 20.[9] Joko Sriwidodo dan Kristiawanto. Memahami Hukum Perikatan. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kepel Press, 2021, hal. 20.[10] Joko Sriwidodo dan Kristiawanto. Memahami Hukum Perikatan. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kepel Press, 2021, hal. 20.Tags
Apabila sebagai kreditur, saya ingin memohonkan pailit terhadap debitur saya, haruskah saya melayangkan somasi terlebih dahulu kepada debitur saya tersebut?
Intinya, somasi adalah peringatan agar debitur melaksanakan kewajibannya sesuai dengan teguran atas kelalaian yang telah disampaikan kreditur. Lantas, apakah somasi harus dilayangkan terlebih dahulu sebelum permohonan pailit? Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Akibat Hukum Jika Somasi Diabaikan08 Sep 2023Bolehkah Karyawan Perusahaan Bertindak Melakukan Somasi?22 Agt 20232 Syarat Kepailitan dan Penjelasannya 05 Agt 2022Perbedaan Antara Kepailitan dengan PKPU14 Des 2012Akibat Hukum Jika Somasi Diabaikan08 Sep 2023Bolehkah Karyawan Perusahaan Bertindak Melakukan Somasi?22 Agt 20232 Syarat Kepailitan dan Penjelasannya 05 Agt 2022Perbedaan Antara Kepailitan dengan PKPU14 Des 2012Hal-hal yang Harus Disiapkan Jika Pindah KPR Bank6 Mei 2024Konversi Utang Jadi Setoran Saham, Ini Caranya14 Sep 2022Perhatikan Ini Sebelum Tanda Tangan Kontrak Kerja20 Mar 2023Hal-hal yang Harus Disiapkan Jika Pindah KPR Bank6 Mei 2024Konversi Utang Jadi Setoran Saham, Ini Caranya14 Sep 2022Perhatikan Ini Sebelum Tanda Tangan Kontrak Kerja20 Mar 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/haruskah-mengajukan-somasi-sebelum-permohonan-pailit-lt5219683be712b/
Haruskah Mengajukan Somasi Sebelum Permohonan Pailit?
pages/152/page-2.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul sama yang dibuat oleh [Bimo Prasetio, S.H. & Asharyanto, S.H.I.](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/smart-attorneys-at-law-lt5135aa700805e/bimo-prasetio--sh-asharyanto--shi-lt5136fa4dbd237) dari [SMART Attorneys at Law](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/smart-attorneys-at-law-lt5135aa700805e)** **dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Kamis, 31 Oktober 2013.** ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Akibat Hukum Jika Somasi Diabaikan ](/klinik/a/akibat-hukum-jika-somasi-diabaikan-cl483/) ![Akibat Hukum Jika Somasi Diabaikan](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/cl483/thumbnail_lt64fb17f29bfe0.jpg) 08 Sep 2023 [ #### Bolehkah Karyawan Perusahaan Bertindak Melakukan Somasi? ](/klinik/a/bolehkah-karyawan-perusahaan-bertindak-melakukan-somasi-cl3370/) ![Bolehkah Karyawan Perusahaan Bertindak Melakukan Somasi?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/cl3370/thumbnail_lt64e49b83c4128.jpg) 22 Agt 2023 [ #### 2 Syarat Kepailitan dan Penjelasannya ](/klinik/a/syarat-kepailitan-cl1266/) ![2 Syarat Kepailitan dan Penjelasannya ](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/cl1266/thumbnail_lt62ece6a30fd7b.jpg) 05 Agt 2022 [ #### Perbedaan Antara Kepailitan dengan PKPU ](/klinik/a/hukum-dagang-lt50c3529a6061f/) ![Perbedaan Antara Kepailitan dengan PKPU](https://static.hukumonline.com/frontend/default/images/kaze/thumbnail_default.jpg) 14 Des 2012 [](#!) Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Pengertian Somasi** Sebelum menjawab inti pertanyaan Anda, sebaiknya kita pahami terlebih dahulu apa yang dimaksud dengan somasi. Somasi menurut **M. Khoidin** adalah peringatan agar debitur melaksanakan kewajibannya sesuai dengan teguran atas kelalaian yang telah disampaikan kreditur kepadanya. Dalam somasi, kreditur menyatakan kehendaknya bahwa perjanjian harus dilaksanakan dalam batas waktu tertentu.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Sedangkan menurut **Joko Sriwidodo** dan **Kristiawanto**, somasi adalah teguran dari si kreditur kepada debitur agar dapat memenuhi prestasi sesuai dengan isi perjanjian yang telah disepakati antara ke duanya.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Istilah somasi sendiri tidak dikenal dalam **[KUHPer](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17229/node/686?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHPerdata)**, namun, dasar hukum somasi diatur dalam **Pasal 1238**[\[3\]](#_ftn3) yang berbunyi sebagai berikut: _Debitur dinyatakan lalai dengan surat perintah, atau dengan akta sejenis itu, atau berdasarkan kekuatan dari perikatan sendiri, yaitu bila perikatan ini mengakibatkan debitur harus dianggap lalai dengan lewatnya waktu yang ditentukan._ Dalam pasal 1238 KUHper, dengan tegas dinyatakan, bahwa apabila suatu perikatan tidak menentukan suatu tenggat waktu untuk melaksanakan suatu prestasi yang telah disepakati, maka debitur hanya dapat dianggap lalai setelah kreditor menyatakan bahwa debitor lalai dengan suatu surat perintah. Menurut **Wirjono Prodjodikoro**, perintah dari Pasal 1238 KUHper berarti tegoran atau tuntutan oleh pihak yang berhak ditujukan kepada pihak berwajib dengan perantaraan juru sita supaya pihak berwajib memenuhi kewajibannya segera atau dalam tempo yang disebutkan dalam surat tegoran itu.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) Kemudian, **Subekti** juga berpendapat bahwa biasanya peringatan atau _sommatie_ dilakukan oleh seorang juru sita dari Pengadilan, yang membuat proses verbal tentang pekerjaannya itu, atau juga cukup dengan surat tercatat atau surat kawat, asal saja jangan sampai dengan mudah dimungkiri oleh si berhutang.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) Meskipun Pasal 1238 KUHper mengatur bahwa pernyataan atas keadaan lalai bersifat substitutif, dimana surat somasi diperlukan dalam hal suatu perikatan tidak menentukan tenggat waktu pelaksanaan prestasi, namun, dalam praktiknya meskipun dalam suatu perikatan telah ditentukan tenggat waktu pelaksanaan suatu prestasi, pihak kreditor akan tetap mengirimkan surat somasi sebagai tanda bahwa debitor telah diperingatkan dan/atau dinyatakan lalai secara tertulis.[\[6\]](#_ftn6) **R. Setiawan** berpendapat bahwa jika dalam persetujuan ditentukan waktu tertentu bagi debitur untuk berprestasi, ini belum berarti bahwa dengan dilanggarnya waktu tersebut debitor sudah melakukan ingkar janji. Untuk itu, masih diperlukan penetapan lalai.[\[7\]](#_ftn7) Pada dasarnya, terdapat 3 (tiga) cara terjadinya somasi, yaitu:[\[8\]](#_ftn8) 1. Debitur melaksanakan prestasi yang keliru; 2. Debitur tidak memenuhi prestasi pada hari yang telah dijanjikan; dan 3. Prestasi yang dilaksanakan oleh debitur tidak lagi berguna bagi kreditur karena kadaluwarsa. Kemudian, isi yang harus dimuat di dalam surat somasi, antara lain:[\[9\]](#_ftn9) 1. apa yang dituntut; 2. apa dasar tuntutan; dan tanggal paling lambat untuk memenuhi prestasi. Sedangkan, peristiwa-peristiwa yang tidak memerlukan somasi, antara lain:[\[10\]](#_ftn10) 1. debitur menolak pemenuhan; 2. debitur mengakui kelalaian; 3. pemenuhan prestasi tidak mungkin dilakukan; 4. pemenuhan tidak berarti lagi (_zinloos_); dan 5. debitur melakukan prestasi tidak sebagaimana mestinya. Baca juga: **[Pengertian Somasi dan Cara Membuatnya](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/pengertian-somasi-dan-cara-membuatnya-lt616807e4d69a1?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pengertian_somasi_cara_buat)** ### **Keterkaitan Hukum Antara Somasi dan Pailit** Dalam kaitannya dengan permohonan pailit, pengajuan permohonan kepailitan diatur dalam **[UU 37/2004](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/20144/node/19/uu-no-37-tahun-2004-kepailitan-dan-penundaan-kewajiban-pembayaran-utang?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_37_2004)**. **Pasal 2 ayat (1) UU** **37/2004** mengatur bahwa: _Debitor yang mempunyai dua atau lebih Kreditor dan tidak membayar lunas sedikitnya satu utang yang telah jatuh waktu dan dapat ditagih, dinyatakan pailit dengan putusan Pengadilan, baik atas permohonannya sendiri maupun atas permohonan satu atau lebih kreditornya._ Berdasarkan ketentuan diatas, dapat kami simpulkan bahwa agar permohonan pailit dapat dikabulkan, terdapat beberapa unsur yang harus dipenuhi, yakni: 1. Debitor mempunyai 2 (dua) atau lebih kreditor; 2. Debitor tidak membayar lunas sedikitnya 1 (satu) utang yang telah jatuh tempo dan dapat ditagih. Berkaitan dengan unsur ‘debitor tidak membayar lunas sedikitnya 1 (satu) utang yang telah jatuh tempo dan dapat ditagih’ menurut hemat kami, salah satu hal yang dapat membuktikan bahwa debitor memang telah lalai dalam melakukan pembayaran atas suatu utang yang telah jatuh tempo dan dapat ditagih adalah keberadaan surat somasi yang telah dilayangkan terlebih dahulu oleh kreditor terhadap debitor. Baca juga: **[2 Syarat Kepailitan dan Penjelasannya](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/syarat-kepailitan-cl1266?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=2_syarat_kepailitan)** Kesimpulannya, somasi adalah teguran dari kreditur kepada debitur agar dapat memenuhi prestasi sesuai dengan isi perjanjian yang telah disepakati. Kemudian, sebelum mengajukan permohonan pailit, sebaiknya kreditor mengajukan surat somasi terlebih dahulu kepada debitor dan menuntut agar debitor memenuhi kewajibannya. Dalam hal kreditor telah mengirimkan surat somasi kepada debitor, dan debitor tetap lalai untuk memenuhi kewajibannya, maka surat somasi tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu tanda pemenuhan unsur ‘debitor tidak membayar lunas sedikitnya 1 (satu) utang yang telah jatuh tempo dan dapat ditagih’. Dengan demikian, hal tersebut menjadi salah satu unsur agar suatu permohonan pailit dapat dikabulkan. Baca juga: **[Bisakah Suatu Negara Dinyatakan Pailit?](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/bisakah-negara-dinyatakan-pailit-cl2818?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=bisakah_negara_pailit)** Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwi bahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut [**di sini.**](http://mini.hukumonline.com/holpro/?utm_source=Google&utm_medium=Banner&utm_campaign=KlinikHukum-LandingPage) Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17229/node/686?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHPerdata) Undang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 tentang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/20144/node/19/uu-no-37-tahun-2004-kepailitan-dan-penundaan-kewajiban-pembayaran-utang?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_37_2004) Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2023 tentang Pengembangan dan Penguatan Sektor Keuangan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63c23d76b51e4?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_4_2023) REFERENSI --------- 1. Joko Sriwidodo dan Kristiawanto. _Memahami Hukum Perikatan_. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kepel Press, 2021; 2. M. Khoidin. _Tanggung Gugat dalam Hukum Perdata_. Yogyakarta: Laksbang Justitia, 2020; 3. Setiawan. _Pokok-Pokok Hukum Perikatan_. Bandung: Penerbit Binacipta, 2007 4. Subekti. _Pokok-Pokok Hukum Perdata_. Jakarta: Penerbit PT. Intermasa, Cetakan XXXI, 2003; 5. Wirjono Prodjodikoro. _Bunga Rampai Hukum Karangan Tersebar_. Jakarta: PT Ichtiar Baru, 1974. * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) M. Khoidin. _Tanggung Gugat dalam Hukum Perdata_. Yogyakarta: Laksbang Justitia, 2020, hal. 43. [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Joko Sriwidodo dan Kristiawanto. _Memahami Hukum Perikatan_. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kepel Press, 2021, hal. 20. [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Joko Sriwidodo dan Kristiawanto. _Memahami Hukum Perikatan_. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kepel Press, 2021, hal. 20. [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Wirjono Prodjodikoro. _Bunga Rampai Hukum Karangan Tersebar_. Jakarta: PT Ichtiar Baru, 1974, hal. 120. [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Subekti. _Pokok-Pokok Hukum Perdata_. Jakarta: Penerbit PT. Intermasa, Cetakan XXXI, 2003, hal. 147. [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Setiawan. _Pokok-Pokok Hukum Perikatan_. Bandung: Penerbit Binacipta, 2007, hal. 20. [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Setiawan. _Pokok-Pokok Hukum Perikatan_. Bandung: Penerbit Binacipta, 2007, hal. 20. [\[8\]](#_ftnref8) Joko Sriwidodo dan Kristiawanto. _Memahami Hukum Perikatan_. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kepel Press, 2021, hal. 20. [\[9\]](#_ftnref9) Joko Sriwidodo dan Kristiawanto. _Memahami Hukum Perikatan_. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kepel Press, 2021, hal. 20. [\[10\]](#_ftnref10) Joko Sriwidodo dan Kristiawanto. _Memahami Hukum Perikatan_. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kepel Press, 2021, hal. 20. Tags ---- [](/tag/)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.Bisakah Mengajukan Keberatan atas Ganti Rugi Pembangunan Tol?KLINIK TERKAITContoh Kasus Sengketa Tanah dan Penyelesaiannya31 Okt 2022Bentuk-bentuk Ganti Rugi dalam Perbuatan Melawan Hukum28 Sep 2022Sudah Terima Ganti Rugi, Masihkah Korban Gusur Berhak atas Sisa Material Bangunan? 11 Nov 2021Jika Pemilik Tolak Ganti Kerugian Pengadaan Tanah dan Tak Ajukan Keberatan ke PN25 Agt 2021Pembangunan jalan tol termasuk kategori pengadaan tanah bagi pembangunan untuk kepentingan umum[1] yang tunduk pada ketentuan dalam UU 2/2012yang sebagian telah diubah, dicabut, atau dimuat baru oleh Perppu Cipta Kerja yang telah disahkan menjadi undang-undang pada 21 Maret 2023.Pelaksanaan pengadaan tanah meliputi:[2]Inventarisasi dan identifikasi penguasaan, pemilikan, penggunaan, dan pemanfaatan tanah;Penilaian ganti kerugian;Musyawarah penetapan ganti kerugian;Pemberian ganti kerugian; danPelepasan tanah instansi.Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Berdasarkan kronologi yang Anda sampaikan, maka proses pengadaan tanah untuk jalan tol tersebut telah sampai pada musyawarah penetapan ganti rugi.Musyawarah penetapan ganti rugi dilaksanakan oleh lembaga pertanahan dengan pihak yang berhak (dalam hal ini warga) paling lambat 30 hari kerja sejak hasil penilaian dari penilai disampaikan kepada lembaga pertanahan untuk menetapkan bentuk dan/atau besarnya ganti kerugian. Hasil kesepakatan dari musyawarah tersebut akan jadi dasar pemberian ganti kerugian yang dimuat dalam berita acara kesepakatan.[3]Jika warga keberatan dan menolak besarnya ganti kerugian berdasarkan musyawarah penetapan ganti rugi, maka berdasarkan Pasal 38 ayat (1) UU 2/2012 warga atau pihak yang berhak bisa mengajukan keberatan, dengan ketentuan sebagai berikut.Dalam hal tidak terjadi kesepakatan mengenai bentuk dan/atau besarnya Ganti Kerugian, Pihak yang Berhak dapat mengajukan keberatan kepada pengadilan negeri setempat dalam waktu paling lama 14 (empat belas) hari kerja setelah musyawarah penetapan Ganti Kerugian sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 37 ayat (1).Lebih lanjut, Pasal 75 ayat (1) PP 19/2021menegaskan kembali bahwa keberatan yang diajukan ke Pengadilan Negeri paling lama 14 hari setelah ditandatangani berita acara hasil musyawarah.Dengan demikian, pada dasarnya jika warga atau pihak yang berhak keberatan atas penetapan ganti kerugian, dapat mengajukan permohonan keberatan ke Pengadilan Negeri setempat paling lama 14 hari setelah ditandatangani berita acara hasil musyawarah penetapan ganti kerugian.Konsekuensi Hukum Jika Permohonan Keberatan Lebih dari 14 HariDari kronologi yang Anda sampaikan, permohonan keberatan sudah diajukan ke pengadilan namun dikembalikan untuk diperbaharui/dilengkapi. Namun, setelah dilengkapi dan diajukan lagi, ternyata ditolak oleh pengadilan dengan alasan batas waktu 14 hari sudah habis.Terhadap hal tersebut dapat kami sampaikan bahwa keberatan baru dapat diajukan ketika berkas keberatan telah lengkap.[4] Jika benar pengajuan permohonan keberatan yang telah diperbaiki tersebut sudah melampaui batas waktu yang telah ditentukan yakni 14 hari setelah musyawarah penetapan ganti rugi, maka dapat dinyatakan secara formil warga telah kehilangan haknya untuk mengajukan keberatan.Adapun terhadap alasan karena ketidaktahuan warga, hal tersebut tidak dapat dibenarkan karena asas fiksi hukum. Disarikan dari artikel Penemuan Hukum dan Konstruksi Hukum fiksi hukum adalah sebagai asas dimana semua orang dianggap tahu hukum (undang-undang).Keberadaan asas fiksi hukum telah dinormakan dalam Penjelasan Pasal 81 UU 12/2011 yang berbunyi:Dengan diundangkannya Peraturan Perundang-undangan dalam lembaran resmi sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ketentuan ini, setiap orang dianggap telah mengetahuinya.Berdasarkan asas fiksi hukum tersebut, konsekuensi hukum atas lewatnya batas waktu pengajuan permohonan keberatan karena ketidaktahuan warga adalah warga/pemohon dianggap tidak pernah mengajukan keberatan sehingga dianggap telah menerima bentuk dan besarnya ganti kerugian. Hal tersebut sesuai dengan ketentuan Pasal 39 UU 2/2012, yang bunyinya sebagai berikut.Dalam hal Pihak yang Berhak menolak bentuk dan/atau besarnya Ganti Kerugian, tetapi tidak mengajukan keberatan dalam waktu sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 38 ayat (1), karena hukum Pihak yang Berhak dianggap menerima bentuk dan besarnya Ganti Kerugian sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 37 ayat (1). Langkah Hukum Jika Permohonan Keberatan Lebih dari 14 HariLalu berkaitan dengan apa yang bisa dilakukan warga terdampak pembangunan tol, warga dapat mengambil ganti kerugian di kepaniteraan pengadilan. Hal ini diatur di dalam Pasal 30 Perma 3/2016 yang berbunyi:Dalam hal pihak yang berhak menolak bentuk dan/atau besarnya Ganti Kerugian berdasarkan Musyawarah Penetapan Ganti Kerugian tetapi tidak mengajukan keberatan ke pengadilan negeri atau menolak Ganti Kerugian berdasarkan putusan Pengadilan yang telah memperoleh kekuatan hukum tetap, Ganti Kerugian dapat diambil di kepaniteraan Pengadilan dalam waktu yang dikehendaki oleh pihak yang berhak disertai dengan surat pengantar dari Ketua Pelaksana Pengadaan Tanah. Dengan lewatnya batas waktu pengajuan permohonan keberatan, warga sebagai pihak yang berhak dapat dianggap tidak mengajukan permohonan keberatan, sehingga warga dapat mengambil ganti kerugian atas bidang tanah miliknya sesuai dengan hasil penilaian ganti kerugian yang telah ditetapkan sebelumnya.Uang penitipan ganti kerugian tersebut dapat diambil di kepaniteraan pengadilan dalam waktu yang dikehendaki oleh warga dengan surat pengantar ketua pelaksana pengadaan tanah.Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwibahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut di sini.Demikian jawaban kami, semoga bermanfaat.DASAR HUKUMUndang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undanganUndang-Undang Nomor 15 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undanganUndang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2022 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undanganUndang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2012 tentang Pengadaan Tanah bagi Pembangunan untuk Kepentingan UmumPeraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta KerjaPeraturan Pemerintah Nomor 19 Tahun 2021 tentang Penyelenggaraan Pengadaan Tanah Bagi Pembangunan Kepentingan UmumPeraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 3 Tahun 2016 tentang Tata Cara Pengajuan Keberatan dan Penitipan Ganti Kerugian ke Pengadilan Negeri dalam Pengadaan Tanah bagi Pembangunan untuk Kepentingan UmumPeraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 2 Tahun 2021 tentang Perubahan atas Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 3 Tahun 2016 tentang Tata Cara Pengajuan Keberatan dan Penitipan Ganti Kerugian ke Pengadilan Negeri dalam Pengadaan Tanah bagi Pembangunan untuk Kepentingan Umum[1] Pasal 123 angka 2 Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja yang telah disahkan menjadi undang-undang pada 21 Maret 2023 (“Perppu Cipta Kerja”) Pasal 10 huruf b Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2012 tentang Pengadaan Tanah bagi Pembangunan untuk Kepentingan Umum (“UU 2/2012”)[2] Pasal 27 ayat (2) UU 2/2012[3] Pasal 37 UU 2/2012[4] Pasal 8 ayat (3) Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 3 Tahun 2016 tentang Tata Cara Pengajuan Keberatan dan Penitipan Ganti Kerugian ke Pengadilan Negeri dalam Pengadaan Tanah bagi Pembangunan untuk Kepentingan UmumTagsganti kerugianpembangunanpembangunan jalanpengadaan tanahpengadaan tanah untuk kepentingan umum
Setelah penetapan bentuk ganti rugi, warga menolak dan mengajukan permohonan perubahan harga uang ganti rugi ke pengadilan namun karena ketidaktahuan warga, permohonan dikembalikan agar diperbaharui untuk pengajuan gugatan namun setelah diperbaharui dan diajukan gugatan lagi, ditolak pengadilan karena batas waktu 14 hari sudah habis. Apa yang bisa dilakukan warga terdampak tol Bawen-Jogja selanjutnya?  
Warga yang keberatan atas penetapan ganti kerugian pembangunan tol, dapat mengajukan permohonan keberatan ke Pengadilan Negeri setempat paling lama 14 hari setelah ditandatangani berita acara hasil musyawarah penetapan ganti kerugian dan berkas permohonan dinyatakan lengkap. Lalu, bagaimana konsekuensi hukum jika permohonan keberatan diajukan melebihi waktu yang telah ditentukan? Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Contoh Kasus Sengketa Tanah dan Penyelesaiannya31 Okt 2022Bentuk-bentuk Ganti Rugi dalam Perbuatan Melawan Hukum28 Sep 2022Sudah Terima Ganti Rugi, Masihkah Korban Gusur Berhak atas Sisa Material Bangunan? 11 Nov 2021Jika Pemilik Tolak Ganti Kerugian Pengadaan Tanah dan Tak Ajukan Keberatan ke PN25 Agt 2021Contoh Kasus Sengketa Tanah dan Penyelesaiannya31 Okt 2022Bentuk-bentuk Ganti Rugi dalam Perbuatan Melawan Hukum28 Sep 2022Sudah Terima Ganti Rugi, Masihkah Korban Gusur Berhak atas Sisa Material Bangunan? 11 Nov 2021Jika Pemilik Tolak Ganti Kerugian Pengadaan Tanah dan Tak Ajukan Keberatan ke PN25 Agt 2021Langkah Jika Jual Beli Tanah HGB yang Belum Balik Nama15 Mei 2024Baca Tips Ini Sebelum Menggunakan Karya Cipta Milik Umum28 Feb 2023Tips Cicil Rumah dengan KPR Agar Terhindar Risiko Hukum2 Apr 2024Langkah Jika Jual Beli Tanah HGB yang Belum Balik Nama15 Mei 2024Baca Tips Ini Sebelum Menggunakan Karya Cipta Milik Umum28 Feb 2023Tips Cicil Rumah dengan KPR Agar Terhindar Risiko Hukum2 Apr 2024
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/ganti-rugi-pembangunan-tol-tak-sesuai-lt63c8022185f5c/
Ganti Rugi Pembangunan Tol Tak Sesuai, Bisakah Ajukan Keberatan?
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika)**.** ### **Bisakah M****engajukan Keberatan atas Ganti Rugi Pembangunan Tol?** ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Contoh Kasus Sengketa Tanah dan Penyelesaiannya ](/klinik/a/contoh-kasus-sengketa-tanah-dan-penyelesaiannya-lt635fb7386f08f/) ![Contoh Kasus Sengketa Tanah dan Penyelesaiannya](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt635fb7386f08f/thumbnail_lt635fb8c26462d.jpg) 31 Okt 2022 [ #### Bentuk-bentuk Ganti Rugi dalam Perbuatan Melawan Hukum ](/klinik/a/bentuk-bentuk-ganti-rugi-dalam-perbuatan-melawan-hukum-lt630504012fe13/) ![Bentuk-bentuk Ganti Rugi dalam Perbuatan Melawan Hukum](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt630504012fe13/thumbnail_lt63342b10452c0.jpg) 28 Sep 2022 [ #### Sudah Terima Ganti Rugi, Masihkah Korban Gusur Berhak atas Sisa Material Bangunan? ](/klinik/a/sudah-terima-ganti-rugi--masihkah-korban-gusur-berhak-atas-sisa-material-bangunan-lt60fd87219aa11/) ![Sudah Terima Ganti Rugi, Masihkah Korban Gusur Berhak atas Sisa Material Bangunan? ](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt60fd87219aa11/thumbnail_lt618d17e694d42.jpg) 11 Nov 2021 [ #### Jika Pemilik Tolak Ganti Kerugian Pengadaan Tanah dan Tak Ajukan Keberatan ke PN ](/klinik/a/jika-pemilik-tolak-ganti-kerugian-pengadaan-tanah-dan-tak-ajukan-keberatan-ke-pn-lt6126446604f4a/) ![Jika Pemilik Tolak Ganti Kerugian Pengadaan Tanah dan Tak Ajukan Keberatan ke PN](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt6126446604f4a/thumbnail_lt6126463456cab.jpg) 25 Agt 2021 [](#!) Pembangunan jalan tol termasuk kategori pengadaan tanah bagi pembangunan untuk kepentingan umum[\[1\]](#_ftn1) yang tunduk pada ketentuan dalam **[UU 2/2012](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4f1eb040f36ff/undangundang-nomor-2-tahun-2012?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_2_2012)**yang sebagian telah diubah, dicabut, atau dimuat baru oleh **[Perppu Cipta Kerja](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022)** yang telah disahkan menjadi undang-undang pada 21 Maret 2023. Pelaksanaan pengadaan tanah meliputi:[\[2\]](#_ftn2) 1. Inventarisasi dan identifikasi penguasaan, pemilikan, penggunaan, dan pemanfaatan tanah; 2. Penilaian ganti kerugian; 3. Musyawarah penetapan ganti kerugian; 4. Pemberian ganti kerugian; dan 5. Pelepasan tanah instansi. Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Berdasarkan kronologi yang Anda sampaikan, maka proses pengadaan tanah untuk jalan tol tersebut telah sampai pada musyawarah penetapan ganti rugi. Musyawarah penetapan ganti rugi dilaksanakan oleh lembaga pertanahan dengan pihak yang berhak (dalam hal ini warga) paling lambat 30 hari kerja sejak hasil penilaian dari penilai disampaikan kepada lembaga pertanahan untuk menetapkan bentuk dan/atau besarnya ganti kerugian. Hasil kesepakatan dari musyawarah tersebut akan jadi dasar pemberian ganti kerugian yang dimuat dalam berita acara kesepakatan.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Jika warga keberatan dan menolak besarnya [ganti kerugian](https://www.hukumonline.com/kamus/g/ganti-kerugian) berdasarkan musyawarah penetapan ganti rugi, maka berdasarkan **Pasal 38 ayat (1) UU 2/2012** warga atau pihak yang berhak bisa mengajukan keberatan, dengan ketentuan sebagai berikut. _Dalam hal tidak terjadi kesepakatan mengenai bentuk dan/atau besarnya Ganti Kerugian, Pihak yang Berhak dapat mengajukan keberatan kepada pengadilan negeri setempat dalam waktu paling lama 14 (empat belas) hari kerja setelah musyawarah penetapan Ganti Kerugian sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 37 ayat (1)._ Lebih lanjut, **Pasal 75 ayat (1) [PP 19/2021](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt60322fb265651/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-19-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=PP_19_2021)**menegaskan kembali bahwa keberatan yang diajukan ke Pengadilan Negeri paling lama 14 hari setelah ditandatangani berita acara hasil musyawarah. Dengan demikian, pada dasarnya jika warga atau pihak yang berhak keberatan atas penetapan ganti kerugian, dapat mengajukan permohonan keberatan ke Pengadilan Negeri setempat paling lama 14 hari setelah ditandatangani berita acara hasil musyawarah penetapan ganti kerugian. ### **Konsekuensi Hukum Jika Permohonan Keberatan Lebih dari 14 Hari** Dari kronologi yang Anda sampaikan, permohonan keberatan sudah diajukan ke pengadilan namun dikembalikan untuk diperbaharui/dilengkapi. Namun, setelah dilengkapi dan diajukan lagi, ternyata ditolak oleh pengadilan dengan alasan batas waktu 14 hari sudah habis. Terhadap hal tersebut dapat kami sampaikan bahwa keberatan baru dapat diajukan ketika berkas keberatan telah lengkap.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) Jika benar pengajuan permohonan keberatan yang telah diperbaiki tersebut sudah melampaui batas waktu yang telah ditentukan yakni 14 hari setelah musyawarah penetapan ganti rugi, maka dapat dinyatakan secara formil warga telah kehilangan haknya untuk mengajukan keberatan. Adapun terhadap alasan karena ketidaktahuan warga, hal tersebut tidak dapat dibenarkan karena asas fiksi hukum. Disarikan dari artikel **[Penemuan Hukum dan Konstruksi Hukum](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/penemuan-hukum-dan-konstruksi-hukum-lt62d13817f197e?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=penemuan_hukum_konstruksi)** fiksi hukum adalah sebagai asas dimana semua orang dianggap tahu hukum (undang-undang). Keberadaan asas fiksi hukum telah dinormakan dalam **Penjelasan Pasal 81 [UU 12/2011](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4e573e59d0487/nprt/lt4d50fbec8b2ce/uu-no-12-tahun-2011-pembentukan-peraturan-perundang-undangan?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_12_2011)** yang berbunyi: _Dengan diundangkannya Peraturan Perundang-undangan dalam lembaran resmi sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ketentuan ini, setiap orang dianggap telah mengetahuinya._ Berdasarkan asas fiksi hukum tersebut, konsekuensi hukum atas lewatnya batas waktu pengajuan permohonan keberatan karena ketidaktahuan warga adalah warga/pemohon dianggap tidak pernah mengajukan keberatan sehingga dianggap telah menerima bentuk dan besarnya ganti kerugian. Hal tersebut sesuai dengan ketentuan **Pasal 39 UU 2/2012**, yang bunyinya sebagai berikut. _Dalam hal Pihak yang Berhak menolak bentuk dan/atau besarnya Ganti Kerugian, tetapi tidak mengajukan keberatan dalam waktu sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 38 ayat (1), karena hukum Pihak yang Berhak **dianggap menerima** bentuk dan besarnya Ganti Kerugian sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 37 ayat (1)._ ### **Langkah Hukum Jika Permohonan Keberatan Lebih dari 14 Hari** Lalu berkaitan dengan apa yang bisa dilakukan warga terdampak pembangunan tol, warga dapat mengambil ganti kerugian di kepaniteraan pengadilan. Hal ini diatur di dalam **Pasal 30 [Perma 3/2016](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt573c3135b8c01/peraturan-mahkamah-agung-nomor-3-tahun-2016?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=Perma_3_2016)** yang berbunyi: _Dalam hal pihak yang berhak menolak bentuk dan/atau besarnya Ganti Kerugian berdasarkan Musyawarah Penetapan Ganti Kerugian tetapi tidak mengajukan keberatan ke pengadilan negeri atau menolak Ganti Kerugian berdasarkan putusan Pengadilan yang telah memperoleh kekuatan hukum tetap, Ganti Kerugian dapat diambil di kepaniteraan Pengadilan dalam waktu yang dikehendaki oleh pihak yang berhak disertai dengan surat pengantar dari Ketua Pelaksana Pengadaan Tanah._ Dengan lewatnya batas waktu pengajuan permohonan keberatan, warga sebagai pihak yang berhak dapat dianggap tidak mengajukan permohonan keberatan, sehingga warga dapat mengambil ganti kerugian atas bidang tanah miliknya sesuai dengan hasil penilaian ganti kerugian yang telah ditetapkan sebelumnya. Uang penitipan ganti kerugian tersebut dapat diambil di kepaniteraan pengadilan dalam waktu yang dikehendaki oleh warga dengan surat pengantar ketua pelaksana pengadaan tanah. Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwibahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut [di sini](https://pro.hukumonline.com/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=cta&utm_campaign=artikel_klinik). Demikian jawaban kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4e573e59d0487/nprt/lt4d50fbec8b2ce/uu-no-12-tahun-2011-pembentukan-peraturan-perundang-undangan?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_12_2011) Undang-Undang Nomor 15 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5da039a94937f?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_15_2019) Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2022 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt62b01b9e7e96e/undang-undang-nomor-13-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_13_2022) Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2012 tentang Pengadaan Tanah bagi Pembangunan untuk Kepentingan Umum [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4f1eb040f36ff/undangundang-nomor-2-tahun-2012?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_2_2012) Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022) Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 19 Tahun 2021 tentang Penyelenggaraan Pengadaan Tanah Bagi Pembangunan Kepentingan Umum [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt60322fb265651/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-19-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=PP_19_2021) Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 3 Tahun 2016 tentang Tata Cara Pengajuan Keberatan dan Penitipan Ganti Kerugian ke Pengadilan Negeri dalam Pengadaan Tanah bagi Pembangunan untuk Kepentingan Umum [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt573c3135b8c01/peraturan-mahkamah-agung-nomor-3-tahun-2016?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=Perma_3_2016) Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 2 Tahun 2021 tentang Perubahan atas Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 3 Tahun 2016 tentang Tata Cara Pengajuan Keberatan dan Penitipan Ganti Kerugian ke Pengadilan Negeri dalam Pengadaan Tanah bagi Pembangunan untuk Kepentingan Umum [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6108bfef375c4?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perma_2_2021) * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Pasal 123 angka 2 [Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja yang telah disahkan menjadi undang-undang pada 21 Maret 2023](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022) (“Perppu Cipta Kerja”) Pasal 10 huruf b [Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2012 tentang Pengadaan Tanah bagi Pembangunan untuk Kepentingan Umum](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4f1eb040f36ff/undangundang-nomor-2-tahun-2012?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_2_2012) (“UU 2/2012”) [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal 27 ayat (2) UU 2/2012 [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 37 UU 2/2012 [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 8 ayat (3) [Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 3 Tahun 2016 tentang Tata Cara Pengajuan Keberatan dan Penitipan Ganti Kerugian ke Pengadilan Negeri dalam Pengadaan Tanah bagi Pembangunan untuk Kepentingan Umum](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt573c3135b8c01/peraturan-mahkamah-agung-nomor-3-tahun-2016?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=Perma_3_2016) Tags ---- [ganti kerugian](/tag/ganti-kerugian) [pembangunan](/tag/pembangunan) [pembangunan jalan](/tag/pembangunan-jalan) [pengadaan tanah](/tag/pengadaan-tanah) [pengadaan tanah untuk kepentingan umum](/tag/pengadaan-tanah-untuk-kepentingan-umum)
ULASAN LENGKAPThis article is an English translation of Disuruh Aborsi oleh Calon Mertua, Ini Hukumnya which was written by Wang Tao Bicton Manullang, S.H. from ILUMNI FH UNPAR, and was published on Monday, 20 March 2023. This article is written according to the previous Indonesian Criminal Code and Law 1/2023 on the Criminal Code, which was promulgated on 2 January 2023.All legal information available on Klinik hukumonline.com has been prepared for educational purposes only and is general in nature (read the complete Disclaimer). In order to obtain legal advice specific to your case, please consult with Justika Partner Consultant.Law on Abortion in IndonesiaPrior to answering your question, let us tell you what an abortion is. Abortion or aborsi according to the official dictionary of the Indonesian language (Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia/ “KBBI”) is a termination of pregnancy. In Indonesia, the legal basis for abortion is set out in Article 75 section (1) Law 36/2009, namely, anyone is prohibited from having an abortion.Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas However, the prohibition may be exempted based on two conditions:[1]an indication of a medical emergency which is detected at an early stage of pregnancy, either which threatens the life of the mother and/or the fetus, who suffers from a severe genetic disease and/or birth defect, or which cannot be repaired and thus makes it difficult for the infant to live outside the womb; or pregnancy due to rape which may cause psychological trauma for the victim of rapeAbortion can only be performed after going through counseling and/or advice before the procedure and is ended with counseling after the procedure which is conducted by a competent and authorized counselor.[2]Furthermore, abortion may only be performed followed by these requirements:[3]before the age of 6 (six) weeks of pregnancy calculated from the first day of the last menstruation, except in the event of medical emergencies;by health workers who have the skills and authority to have a certificate stipulated by the minister;with the consent of the pregnant woman concerned;with the husband's permission, except for a victim of rape; andhealth service providers who meet the requirements stipulated by the Minister.So, what are the risks of abortion if it is still performed? In addition to the health risks, there are legal risks involved in having an illegal abortion. Article 194 Law 36/2009 determines the criminal sanction of abortion which is not in accordance with the provisions, namely:Any person who intentionally performs an abortion not in accordance with the provisions as referred to in Article 75 paragraph (2) shall be sentenced to a maximum imprisonment of 10 (ten) years and a maximum fine of Rp1,000,000,000.00 (one billion rupiah).In addition to Law 36/2009, abortion is also regulated under the Criminal Code, which is still applicable at the time this article was published, as well as the new Criminal Code, Law 1/2023, which will entry into force 3 years from the date of its promulgation in 2026. [4] The provisions are as follows.Criminal CodeLaw 1/2023Article 346 Criminal CodeAny woman who with deliberate intent causes or lets another cause the drifting off or the death of the fruit of her womb, shall be punished by a maximum imprisonment of four years.Article 463 Law 1/2023Any woman who has an abortion shall be sentenced with imprisonment for a maximum of 4 (four) years.The provision as referred to in paragraph (1) does not apply in the event that women are the Victims of Crime of Rape or other Crimes of sexual violence that cause pregnancy whose gestational age does not exceed 14 (fourteen) weeks or has indication of medical emergencyArticle 347 Criminal CodeAny person who with deliberate intent causes the drifting off or the death of the fruit of the womb of a woman without her consent shall be punished with a maximum imprisonment of twelve years.If the fact results in the death of the woman, he shall be punished by a maximum imprisonment of fifteen years.Article 348 Criminal CodeAny person who with deliberate intent causes the drifting off or the death of the fruit of the womb of a woman with her consent, shall be punished by a maximum imprisonment of five years and six months.If the fact results in the death of the woman, he shall be punished by a maximum imprisonment of seven years.Article 464 Law 1/2023Any Person who performs an abortion on a woman:with the consent of the woman, shall be sentenced with imprisonment for a maximum of 5 (five) years; orwithout the consent of the woman, shall be sentenced with imprisonment for a maximum of 12 (twelve) years. If the act as referred to in paragraph (1) letter a results in the death of the woman, shall be sentenced with imprisonment for a maximum of 8 (eight) years.If the act as referred to in paragraph (1) letter b results in the death of the woman, shall be sentenced with imprisonment for a maximum of 15 (fifteen) years.Article 349 Criminal CodeIf a physician, midwife or pharmacist is an accomplice to the crime in article 846, or is guilty of or is an accomplice to one of the crimes described in articles 847 and 848, the sentences laid down in said articles may be enhanced with one third, and be may be deprived of the exercise of the profession in which he commits the crime.Article 465 Law 1/2023Physicians, midwives, paramedics, or pharmacists who commit the Crime as referred to in Article 464 may have their criminal sentence increased by 1/3 (one-third).Physicians, midwives, paramedics, or pharmacists who commit the Crime as referred to in paragraph (1) may be sentenced with additional sentence in the form of revocation of rights as referred to in Article 86 letter a and letter f.Physicians, midwives, paramedics, or pharmacists who perform abortions due to indications of medical emergencies or to the Victims of Crime of Rape or other Crimes of sexual violence that lead to pregnancy as referred to in Article 463 paragraph (2) shall not be sentenced.The Law on Telling Other People to Have an AbortionThus, what is the law if your future in-laws tell you to have an abortion? Article 55 section (1) Criminal Code emphasizes that the criminal is convicted as the perpetrator of the criminal offense (dader):those who perpetrate, cause others to perpetrate, or take a direct part in the execution of the act;those who intentionally provoke the execution of the act by gifts, promises, abuse of power or of respect, force, threat or deception or by providing an opportunity, means or information.It is also regulated under Article 20 Law 1/2023, that every person is convicted as a perpetrator of a criminal offense if:he/she commits a crime him/herself;commits a crime by means of a tool or ordering other persons who cannot be accounted for;participates in committing a crime; ormobilizes other persons to commit crimes by giving or promising something, abusing their power or dignity, committing violence, using threats of violence, committing misdirection, or by providing opportunities, facilities, or information.In the event of ordering, the person who is ordered to commit a crime shall not be sentenced because there is no element of fault.[5]We did not receive any information on whether the abortion you described was performed or not. If the abortion did occur, then your future mother-in-law may be subject to imprisonment based on Article 194 Law 36/2009 jo. Article 55 section (1) Criminal Code. This is because your future mother-in-law has "ordered" you to have an illegal abortion.Dating ViolenceIn relation to your question regarding the violence perpetrated by your boyfriend, we have not received any information on the specific forms of violence that were committed. We assume that the violence committed by your boyfriend is equivalent to abuse.As for the law on the practice of ill-treatment or abuse, you can read about it in the article entitled Actions that are Considered Persecutions. Furthermore, you may report said behavior by making a Police report for the alleged abuse by your boyfriend. In order to report a criminal act to the police, you may refer to Do You Want to Report a Crime to the Police? These are the ProceduresCase StudyAn example of a case of ordering an abortion can be found in the Decision of the District Court of Kupang Number 242/Pid.Sus/2015/PN.Kpg where the judge used Article 194 Law 36/2009 jo. Article 55 section (1) of the 1st Criminal Code in deciding a defendant who is proven legally and convincingly guilty ordered an abortion. For his actions, the defendant was sentenced to imprisonment for 3 years and a fine of IDR 5 million, on the condition that if the fine is not paid, it would be replaced with a term of imprisonment for 3 months (p. 42).Enrich your legal research with the latest bilingual legal analysis, as well as the collection of regulatory translations integrated into Hukumonline Pro, click here to learn more.These are the answers we can provide, we hope you will find them useful.Legal Basis:Indonesian Criminal Code;Law Number 36 of 2009 on Health;Law Number 1 of 2023 on the Criminal Code.Court Decision:Decision of the District Court of Kupang Number 242/Pid.Sus/2015/PN.Kpg.Reference:Aborsi, accessed on Monday, 20 March 2023, at 14.01 West Indonesian Time (zone).[1] Article 75 section (2) Law Number 36 of 2009 on Health (“Law 36/2009”).[2] Article 75 section (4) Law 36/2009.[3] Article 76 Law 36/2009.[4] Article 624 Law Number 1 of 2023 on the Criminal Code (“Law 1/2023”).[5] Elucidation to Article 20 letter b Law 1/2023.Tagsklinik english edition
Is there a law for people who order other people to have an abortion and which article is imposed on them? I apologize in advance if I ask this as I have experienced it myself. My future mother-in-law told me to have an abortion. In fact, it is clear that the child I am carrying is the child of her son. His mother openly asked me to have an abortion. And also, her son used to treat me violently. Can I report this case?
Abortion is the act of aborting a pregnancy. Under Indonesian positive law, abortion is prohibited except for justified reasons as regulated under Law 36/2009. So, what is the law for people who order an abortion? Please read the review below for a further explanation. Simak! Ini 5 Langkah Merger PT 22 Mei 2023Cara Mengurus Surat Cerai dan Langkah Mengajukan Gugatannya22 Jun 2023Konversi Utang Jadi Setoran Saham, Ini Caranya14 Sep 2022Simak! Ini 5 Langkah Merger PT 22 Mei 2023Cara Mengurus Surat Cerai dan Langkah Mengajukan Gugatannya22 Jun 2023Konversi Utang Jadi Setoran Saham, Ini Caranya14 Sep 2022
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Being Told to Have an Abortion by Your Future In-Laws, this is the Regulation
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- This article is an English translation of [**_Disuruh Aborsi oleh Calon Mertua, Ini Hukumnya_**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/disuruh-aborsi-oleh-calon-mertua-lt63ed3af8475c9?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=disuruh_aborsi_oleh_calon_mertua) which was written by [**Wang Tao Bicton Manullang, S.H.**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/ilumni-fh-unpar-lt6412e8c5c92bd/wang-tao-bicton-manullang--sh-lt6418460c00c79) from [**ILUMNI FH UNPAR**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/ilumni-fh-unpar-lt6412e8c5c92bd), and was published on Monday, 20 March 2023. **This article is written according to the previous Indonesian Criminal Code and Law 1/2023 on the Criminal Code, which was promulgated on 2 January 2023.** All legal information available on Klinik hukumonline.com has been prepared for educational purposes only and is general in nature (read the complete [**Disclaimer**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer)). In order to obtain legal advice specific to your case, please consult with [**Justika Partner Consultant**](https://www.justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Law on Abortion in Indonesia** Prior to answering your question, let us tell you what an abortion is. Abortion or [_aborsi_](https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/aborsi) according to the official dictionary of the Indonesian language **(Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia/ “KBBI”)** is a termination of pregnancy. In Indonesia, the legal basis for abortion is set out in **Article 75 section (1)** [**Law 36/2009**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4af3c27570c04/undangundang-nomor-36-tahun-2009?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_36_2009), namely, anyone is prohibited from having an abortion. Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) However, the prohibition may be exempted based on two conditions:[\[1\]](#_ftn1) 1. an indication of a medical emergency which is detected at an early stage of pregnancy, either which threatens the life of the mother and/or the fetus, who suffers from a severe genetic disease and/or birth defect, or which cannot be repaired and thus makes it difficult for the infant to live outside the womb; or 2. pregnancy due to rape which may cause psychological trauma for the victim of rape Abortion can only be performed after going through counseling and/or advice before the procedure and is ended with counseling after the procedure which is conducted by a competent and authorized counselor.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Furthermore, abortion may only be performed followed by these requirements:[\[3\]](#_ftn3) 1. before the age of 6 (six) weeks of pregnancy calculated from the first day of the last menstruation, except in the event of medical emergencies; 2. by health workers who have the skills and authority to have a certificate stipulated by the minister; 3. with the consent of the pregnant woman concerned; 4. with the husband's permission, except for a victim of rape; and 5. health service providers who meet the requirements stipulated by the Minister. So, what are the risks of abortion if it is still performed? In addition to the health risks, there are legal risks involved in having an illegal abortion. **Article 194 Law 36/2009** determines the criminal sanction of abortion which is not in accordance with the provisions, namely: _Any person who intentionally performs an abortion not in accordance with the provisions as referred to in Article 75 paragraph (2) shall be sentenced to a maximum imprisonment of 10 (ten) years and a maximum fine of Rp1,000,000,000.00 (one billion rupiah)._ In addition to Law 36/2009, abortion is also regulated under the [**Criminal Code**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4c7b7fd88a8c3/nprt/38/wetboek-van-strafrecht-\(wvs\)-kitab-undang-undang-hukum-pidana-\(kuhp\)?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHP), which is still applicable at the time this article was published, as well as the new Criminal Code, [**Law 1/2023**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b3943c53853/undang-undang-nomor-1-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_1_2023_KUHP_baru), which will entry into force 3 years from the date of its promulgation in 2026. [\[4\]](#_ftn4) The provisions are as follows. **Criminal Code** **Law 1/2023** **Article 346 Criminal Code** Any woman who with deliberate intent causes or lets another cause the drifting off or the death of the fruit of her womb, shall be punished by a maximum imprisonment of four years. **Article 463 Law 1/2023** 1. Any woman who has an abortion shall be sentenced with imprisonment for a maximum of 4 (four) years. 2. The provision as referred to in paragraph (1) does not apply in the event that women are the Victims of Crime of Rape or other Crimes of sexual violence that cause pregnancy whose gestational age does not exceed 14 (fourteen) weeks or has indication of medical emergency **Article 347 Criminal Code** 1. Any person who with deliberate intent causes the drifting off or the death of the fruit of the womb of a woman without her consent shall be punished with a maximum imprisonment of twelve years. 2. If the fact results in the death of the woman, he shall be punished by a maximum imprisonment of fifteen years. **Article 348 Criminal Code** 1. Any person who with deliberate intent causes the drifting off or the death of the fruit of the womb of a woman with her consent, shall be punished by a maximum imprisonment of five years and six months. 2. If the fact results in the death of the woman, he shall be punished by a maximum imprisonment of seven years. **Article 464 Law 1/2023** 1. Any Person who performs an abortion on a woman: 1. with the consent of the woman, shall be sentenced with imprisonment for a maximum of 5 (five) years; or 2. without the consent of the woman, shall be sentenced with imprisonment for a maximum of 12 (twelve) years. 2. If the act as referred to in paragraph (1) letter a results in the death of the woman, shall be sentenced with imprisonment for a maximum of 8 (eight) years. 3. If the act as referred to in paragraph (1) letter b results in the death of the woman, shall be sentenced with imprisonment for a maximum of 15 (fifteen) years. **Article 349 Criminal Code** If a physician, midwife or pharmacist is an accomplice to the crime in article 846, or is guilty of or is an accomplice to one of the crimes described in articles 847 and 848, the sentences laid down in said articles may be enhanced with one third, and be may be deprived of the exercise of the profession in which he commits the crime. **Article 465 Law 1/2023** 1. Physicians, midwives, paramedics, or pharmacists who commit the Crime as referred to in Article 464 may have their criminal sentence increased by 1/3 (one-third). 2. Physicians, midwives, paramedics, or pharmacists who commit the Crime as referred to in paragraph (1) may be sentenced with additional sentence in the form of revocation of rights as referred to in Article 86 letter a and letter f. 3. Physicians, midwives, paramedics, or pharmacists who perform abortions due to indications of medical emergencies or to the Victims of Crime of Rape or other Crimes of sexual violence that lead to pregnancy as referred to in Article 463 paragraph (2) shall not be sentenced. ### **The Law on Telling Other People to Have an Abortion** Thus, what is the law if your future in-laws tell you to have an abortion? **Article 55 section (1) Criminal Code** emphasizes that the criminal is convicted as the perpetrator of the criminal offense (dader): 1. those who perpetrate, **cause others to perpetrate**, or take a direct part in the execution of the act; 2. those who intentionally provoke the execution of the act by gifts, promises, abuse of power or of respect, force, threat or deception or by providing an opportunity, means or information. It is also regulated under **Article 20 Law 1/2023**, that every person is convicted as a perpetrator of a criminal offense if: 1. he/she commits a crime him/herself; 2. commits a crime by means of a tool or **ordering other persons who cannot be accounted for**; 3. participates in committing a crime; or 4. mobilizes other persons to commit crimes by giving or promising something, abusing their power or dignity, committing violence, using threats of violence, committing misdirection, or by providing opportunities, facilities, or information. In the event of ordering, the person who is ordered to commit a crime shall not be sentenced because there is no element of fault.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) We did not receive any information on whether the abortion you described was performed or not. If the abortion did occur, then your future mother-in-law may be subject to imprisonment based on **Article 194 Law 36/2009 _jo._ Article 55 section (1) Criminal Code**. This is because your future mother-in-law has "ordered" you to have an illegal abortion. ### **Dating Violence** In relation to your question regarding the violence perpetrated by your boyfriend, we have not received any information on the specific forms of violence that were committed. We assume that the violence committed by your boyfriend is equivalent to abuse. As for the law on the practice of ill-treatment or abuse, you can read about it in the article entitled [**Actions that are Considered Persecutions**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/actions-that-are-considered-persecutions-lt63eb7d89acbd3?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=actions_considered_persecution). Furthermore, you may report said behavior by making a Police report for the alleged abuse by your boyfriend. In order to report a criminal act to the police, you may refer to [**Do You Want to Report a Crime to the Police? These are the Procedures**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/do-you-want-to-report-a-crime-to-the-police-these-are-the-procedures-lt63cfa789961b7?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=report_a_crime) ### **Case Study** An example of a case of ordering an abortion can be found in the [**Decision of the District Court of Kupang Number 242/Pid.Sus/2015/PN.Kpg**](https://putusan3.mahkamahagung.go.id/direktori/putusan/e74f427f094f481ad41afbc9720510cc.html) where the judge used Article 194 Law 36/2009 _jo._ Article 55 section (1) of the 1st Criminal Code in deciding a defendant who is proven legally and convincingly guilty ordered an abortion. For his actions, the defendant was sentenced to imprisonment for 3 years and a fine of IDR 5 million, on the condition that if the fine is not paid, it would be replaced with a term of imprisonment for 3 months (p. 42). Enrich your legal research with the latest bilingual legal analysis, as well as the collection of regulatory translations integrated into Hukumonline Pro, click [**here**](https://pro.hukumonline.com/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=cta&utm_campaign=artikel_klinik) to learn more. These are the answers we can provide, we hope you will find them useful. Legal Basis: 1. [Indonesian Criminal Code](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4c7b7fd88a8c3/nprt/38/wetboek-van-strafrecht-\(wvs\)-kitab-undang-undang-hukum-pidana-\(kuhp\)?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHP); 2. [Law Number 36 of 2009 on Health](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4af3c27570c04/undangundang-nomor-36-tahun-2009?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_36_2009); 3. [Law Number 1 of 2023 on the Criminal Code](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b3943c53853/undang-undang-nomor-1-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_1_2023_KUHP_baru). Court Decision: [Decision of the District Court of Kupang Number 242/Pid.Sus/2015/PN.Kpg](https://putusan3.mahkamahagung.go.id/direktori/putusan/e74f427f094f481ad41afbc9720510cc.html). Reference: [Aborsi](https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/aborsi), accessed on Monday, 20 March 2023, at 14.01 West Indonesian Time (zone). * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Article 75 section (2) [Law Number 36 of 2009 on Health](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4af3c27570c04/undangundang-nomor-36-tahun-2009?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_36_2009) (“Law 36/2009”). [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Article 75 section (4) Law 36/2009. [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Article 76 Law 36/2009. [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Article 624 [Law Number 1 of 2023 on the Criminal Code](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b3943c53853/undang-undang-nomor-1-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_1_2023_KUHP_baru) (“Law 1/2023”). [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Elucidation to Article 20 letter b Law 1/2023. Tags ---- [klinik english edition](/tag/klinik-english-edition)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul sama yang dibuat oleh Bernadetha Aurelia Oktavira, S.H. dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Selasa, 18 Januari 2022.KLINIK TERKAITHukumnya Promosi Pakai Nama dan Foto Boy Band Tanpa Izin 14 Okt 2021Sebar Spoiler Cuplikan Film di TikTok, Langgar Hak Cipta?24 Sep 2021Menempelkan Logo Lain di Kaus Bermerek, Melanggar Hukum?15 Sep 2021Hak-hak yang Dimiliki Pengguna Google Account 15 Jun 2021Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.Pengertian IdeIde merupakan konsep pemikiran yang akan diwujudkan menjadi karya, tanpa ide pencipta tidak akan bisa menciptakan karya, dan ide menjadi penting karena merupakan titik tolak menciptakan suatu karya.[1] Ide seringkali diidentikkan dengan Kekayaan Intelektual (“KI”), namun, perlu diketahui bahwa berdasarkan definisinya, KI adalah hak yang timbul dari hasil olah pikir yang menghasilkan produk atau proses yang berguna untuk manusia. Kekayaan Intelektual disebut kekayaan karena memiliki nilai komersial[2] sehingga perlindungan hukumnya dapat dimiliki secara eksklusif.[3]Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Dari pengertian tersebut, menurut hemat kami, ide bersifat konseptual atau abstrak. Namun, tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa ide dapat menjadi cikal bakal sesuatu yang bernilai tinggi. Maka, ide hanya dapat dilindungi sebagai Kekayaan Intelektual apabila diekspresikan dalam bentuk nyata dan memenuhi standar seperti dalam bentuk ciptaan, invensi, desain, maupun merek sebagai berikut:Hak CiptaHak Cipta adalah bidang Kekayaan Intelektual yang melindungi ciptaan. Sedangkan ciptaan adalah setiap hasil karya cipta di bidang ilmu pengetahuan, seni, dan sastra yang dihasilkan atas inspirasi, kemampuan, pikiran, imajinasi, kecekatan, keterampilan, alau keahlian yang diekspresikan dalam bentuk nyata.[4]Ide bisnis dapat dikategorikan sebagai ciptaan dan dilindungi Hak Cipta apabila memenuhi dua syarat yakni orisinalitas dan fiksasi. Syarat orisinalitas bermakna bahwa ciptaan harus menunjukkan kepribadian penciptanya.[5] Sementara itu, fiksasi atau perwujudan berarti bahwa ciptaan harus diwujudkan dalam medium tertentu dan diekspresikan pada medium yang stabil.[6]PatenPaten adalah hak eksklusif yang diberikan oleh negara kepada inventor atas hasil invensinya di bidang teknologi untuk jangka waktu tertentu melaksanakan sendiri invensi tersebut atau memberikan persetujuan kepada pihak lain untuk melaksanakannya.[7] Sedangkan invensi adalah ide inventor yang dituangkan ke dalam suatu kegiatan pemecahan masalah yang spesifik di bidang teknologi berupa produk atau proses, atau penyempurnaan dan pengembangan produk atau proses.[8]Ide bisnis dapat dilindungi paten apabila bersifat baru, mengandung langkah inventif, dan dapat diterapkan dalam industri.[9] Unsur ‘baru’ artinya invensi belum dipublikasikan dan belum ada sebelumnya.[10] Unsur ‘langkah inventif’ berarti bahwa invensi tersebut mempunyai kelebihan, kemajuan, atau pengembangan dari penemuan yang telah ada sebelumnya dan tidak dapat diduga oleh seorang ahli dalam bidangnya.[11] Sedangkan, unsur ‘dapat diterapkan dalam industri’ berarti bahwa invensi dapat dilaksanakan dalam industri, dibuat secara-berulang-ulang dengan kualitas yang sama, atau mampu dijalankan atau digunakan dalam praktek apabila invensi berupa proses.[12]Pada dasarnya, menurut Pasal 2 UU 13/2016 terdapat 2 (dua) jenis paten, yakni paten biasa dan paten sederhana. Umumnya, paten sederhana diberikan untuk invensi yang bukan sekadar berbeda ciri teknisnya namun juga memiliki kegunaan lebih praktis daripada invensi sebelumnya yang disebabkan bentuk, konfigurasi, konstruksi, atau komponen yang mencakup alat, barang, mesin, komposisi, formula, senyawa, atau sistem.[13] Artinya, suatu ide bisnis dapat dilindungi paten sederhana apabila ide tersebut dapat membuat kegunaan yang lebih praktis dibandingkan temuan sebelumnya.Desain IndustriDesain industri adalah suatu kreasi tentang bentuk, konfigurasi, atau komposisi garis atau warna, atau garis dan warna, atau gabungan daripadanya yang berbentuk tiga dimensi atau dua dimensi yang memberikan kesan estetis dan dapat diwujudkan dalam pola tiga dimensi atau dua dimensi serta dapat dipakai untuk menghasilkan suatu produk, barang, komoditas industri, atau kerajinan tangan.[14] Kemudian, ide bisnis dapat dilindungi sebagai Desain Industri apabila bersifat baru[15] dan tidak melanggar peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku, ketertiban umum, agama, atau kesusilaan.[16]MerekMerek adalah tanda yang dapat ditampilkan secara grafis berupa gambar, logo, nama, kata, huruf, angka, susunan warna, dalam bentuk 2 (dua) dimensi dan/atau 3 (tiga) dimensi, suara, hologram, atau kombinasi dari 2 (dua) atau lebih unsur tersebut untuk membedakan barang dan/atau jasa yang diproduksi oleh orang atau badan hukum dalam kegiatan perdagangan barang dan/atau jasa.[17] Kemudian, berdasarkan penjelasan tersebut dapat diartikan bahwa ide bisnis dapat dilindungi dalam bentuk merek apabila merek tersebut tidak mirip atau identik dengan merek lain yang sudah terdaftar dan memenuhi syarat pada ketentuan hukum mengenai merek.[18]Hak-hak Kekayaan Intelektual tersebut timbul secara berbeda, sebagai contoh, Hak Cipta adalah hak eksklusif pencipta yang timbul secara otomatis berdasarkan prinsip deklaratif setelah suatu ciptaan diwujudkan dalam bentuk nyata tanpa mengurangi pembatasan sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan.[19] Dari berbagai penjelasan tersebut, menurut hemat kami, Hak Cipta merupakan hak ekslusif tanpa pendaftaran terlebih dahulu. Sementara itu, Paten, Desain Industri, dan Merek timbul berdasarkan prinsip konstitutif yang artinya hak tersebut hanya timbul apabila didaftarkan terlebih dahulu yang kemudian akan dilakukan asesi mengenai kelayakan perlindungan.[20]Baca juga: Pelanggaran Hak Cipta Terhadap Ciptaan yang Belum DidaftarkanKesimpulannya, menjawab pertanyaan Anda, ide bersifat konseptual dan abstrak. Akan tetapi, ide bisnis Anda dapat menjadi cikal bakal sesuatu yang bernilai tinggi dan dilindungi sebagai Kekayaan Intelektual apabila diekspresikan dalam bentuk nyata dan memenuhi standar seperti dalam bentuk ciptaan, invensi, desain, maupun merek.Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwi bahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut di sini.Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUMUndang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 2000 tentang Desain IndustriUndang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak CiptaUndang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2016 tentang PatenUndang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 tentang Merek dan Indikasi GeografisPeraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta KerjaREFERENSIAchmad Fata'al Chuzaibi. Sistem Konstitutif dalam UU No 15 Tahun 2001 Tentang Merek Bagi UMKM. Jurnal Syiar Hukum, SH-FH Unisba, Vol. 13, No. 2, 2011;Edi Eskak. Metode Pembangkitan Ide Kreatif Dalam Penciptaan Seni. CORAK Jurnal Seni Kriya, Vol. 2, No. 2, 2014;Direktorat Jenderal Kekayaan Intelektual, Modul Ki-Lat untuk Pemula, Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Kekayaan Intelektual, 2020;Maria Alfons. Implementasi Hak Kekayaan Intelektual dalam Perspektif Negara Hukum. Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia, Vol. 14, No. 3, 2017;Paul Goldstein. International Copyright: Principles, Law, and Practice. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001;Ridwan Khairandy. Pengantar Hak Atas Kekayaan Intelektual. Yogyakarta: Fakultas Hukum UII, 1999;Stephen M. McJohn. Intellectual Property (Sixth Edition). New York: Wolters Kluwer, 2019.[1] Edi Eskak. Metode Pembangkitan Ide Kreatif Dalam Penciptaan Seni. CORAK Jurnal Seni Kriya, Vol. 2, No. 2, 2014, hal. 167.[2] Direktorat Jenderal Kekayaan Intelektual. Modul Ki-Lat untuk Pemula. Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Kekayaan Intelektual, 2020, hal. 7.[3] Maria Alfons. Implementasi Hak Kekayaan Intelektual dalam Perspektif Negara Hukum. Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia, Vol. 14, No. 3, 2017, hal. 305.[4] Pasal 1 angka 3 Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta (“UU 28/2014”).[5]  Paul Goldstein. International Copyright: Principles, Law, and Practice. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001, hal. 162.[6]  Stephen M. McJohn. Intellectual Property (Sixth Edition). New York: Wolters Kluwer, 2019, hal. 72-74.[7] Pasal 1 angka 1 Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2016 tentang Paten (“UU 13/2016”).[8] Pasal 1 angka 2 UU 13/2016.[9] Pasal 107 angka 1 Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja (“Perppu Cipta Kerja”) yang telah disahkan menjadi Undang-Undang pada 21 Maret 2023, yang mengubah Pasal 3 ayat (1) UU 13/2016.[10] Ridwan Khairandy. Pengantar Hak Atas Kekayaan Intelektual. Yogyakarta: Fakultas Hukum UII, 1999, hal. 22.[11] Penjelasan Pasal 7 ayat (1) UU 13/2016.[12] Penjelasan Pasal 8 UU 13/2016.[13] Penjelasan Pasal 3 ayat (2) UU 13/2016.[14] Pasal 1 angka 1 Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 2000 tentang Desain Industri (“UU 31/2000”).[15] Pasal 2 ayat (1) UU 31/2000.[16] Pasal 4 UU 31/2000.[17] Pasal 1 angka 1 Undang-undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis (“UU 20/2016”).[18] Penjelasan Pasal 21 ayat (1) huruf b UU 20/2016.[19] Pasal 1 angka 1 UU 28/2014.[20] Achmad Fata'al Chuzaibi. Sistem Konstitutif dalam UU No 15 Tahun 2001 Tentang Merek Bagi UMKM. Jurnal Syiar Hukum, SH-FH Unisba, Vol. 13, No. 2, 2011, hal. 161.Tagshak kekayaan intelektualhakihkihukumhukumonlinekekayaan intelektualklinikklinik hukumonline
Apakah ide bisnis bisa diberikan perlindungan kekayaan intelektual?
Ide bisnis yang diwujudkan dalam bentuk nyata dapat dilindungi sebagai Kekayaan Intelektual apabila memenuhi standar sebagai Ciptaan, Paten, Desain Industri, atau Merek. Namun, bagaimana penjelasan masing-masing standar tersebut? Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Hukumnya Promosi Pakai Nama dan Foto Boy Band Tanpa Izin 14 Okt 2021Sebar Spoiler Cuplikan Film di TikTok, Langgar Hak Cipta?24 Sep 2021Menempelkan Logo Lain di Kaus Bermerek, Melanggar Hukum?15 Sep 2021Hak-hak yang Dimiliki Pengguna Google Account 15 Jun 2021Hukumnya Promosi Pakai Nama dan Foto Boy Band Tanpa Izin 14 Okt 2021Sebar Spoiler Cuplikan Film di TikTok, Langgar Hak Cipta?24 Sep 2021Menempelkan Logo Lain di Kaus Bermerek, Melanggar Hukum?15 Sep 2021Hak-hak yang Dimiliki Pengguna Google Account 15 Jun 2021Persyaratan Pemberhentian Direksi dan Komisaris PT PMA17 Mei 2023Catat! Ini 3 Aspek Hukum untuk Mendirikan Startup9 Mei 2023Perhatikan Ini Sebelum Tanda Tangan Kontrak Kerja20 Mar 2023Persyaratan Pemberhentian Direksi dan Komisaris PT PMA17 Mei 2023Catat! Ini 3 Aspek Hukum untuk Mendirikan Startup9 Mei 2023Perhatikan Ini Sebelum Tanda Tangan Kontrak Kerja20 Mar 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/bisakah-ide-bisnis-diberikan-perlindungan-kekayaan-intelektual-lt564aaaf1284cd/
Bisakah Ide Bisnis Diberikan Perlindungan Kekayaan Intelektual?
pages/152/page-5.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul sama yang dibuat oleh [Bernadetha Aurelia Oktavira, S.H.](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/bernadetha-aurelia-oktavira--sh-lt5d537b77ab8d5) dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Selasa, 18 Januari 2022.** ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Hukumnya Promosi Pakai Nama dan Foto _Boy Band_ Tanpa Izin ](/klinik/a/hukumnya-promosi-pakai-nama-dan-foto-iboy-band-i-tanpa-izin-lt60c762ffc6b52/) ![Hukumnya Promosi Pakai Nama dan Foto <i>Boy Band</i> Tanpa Izin ](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt60c762ffc6b52/thumbnail_lt6167f06500853.jpg) 14 Okt 2021 [ #### Sebar _Spoiler_ Cuplikan Film di TikTok, Langgar Hak Cipta? ](/klinik/a/sebar-ispoiler-i-cuplikan-film-di-tiktok--langgar-hak-cipta-lt614dc86b31980/) ![Sebar <i>Spoiler</i> Cuplikan Film di TikTok, Langgar Hak Cipta?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt614dc86b31980/thumbnail_lt614dcacf1fb54.png) 24 Sep 2021 [ #### Menempelkan Logo Lain di Kaus Bermerek, Melanggar Hukum? ](/klinik/a/menempelkan-logo-lain-di-kaus-bermerek-melanggar-hukum-lt614198cc7ade2/) ![Menempelkan Logo Lain di Kaus Bermerek, Melanggar Hukum?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt614198cc7ade2/thumbnail_lt61419a77eeabf.jpg) 15 Sep 2021 [ #### Hak-hak yang Dimiliki Pengguna _Google Account_ ](/klinik/a/hak-hak-yang-dimiliki-pengguna-igoogle-account-i-lt607a7e40e1bb7/) ![Hak-hak yang Dimiliki Pengguna <i>Google Account</i> ](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt607a7e40e1bb7/thumbnail_lt60c86a21cb2f5.jpg) 15 Jun 2021 [](#!) Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Pengertian Ide** Ide merupakan konsep pemikiran yang akan diwujudkan menjadi karya, tanpa ide pencipta tidak akan bisa menciptakan karya, dan ide menjadi penting karena merupakan titik tolak menciptakan suatu karya.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Ide seringkali diidentikkan dengan [Kekayaan Intelektual](https://www.hukumonline.com/kamus/k/kekayaan-intelektual) (“KI”), namun, perlu diketahui bahwa berdasarkan definisinya, KI adalah hak yang timbul dari hasil olah pikir yang menghasilkan produk atau proses yang berguna untuk manusia. Kekayaan Intelektual disebut kekayaan karena memiliki nilai komersial[\[2\]](#_ftn2) sehingga perlindungan hukumnya dapat dimiliki secara eksklusif.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Dari pengertian tersebut, menurut hemat kami, ide bersifat konseptual atau abstrak. Namun, tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa ide dapat menjadi cikal bakal sesuatu yang bernilai tinggi. Maka, ide hanya dapat dilindungi sebagai Kekayaan Intelektual apabila diekspresikan dalam bentuk nyata dan memenuhi standar seperti dalam bentuk ciptaan, invensi, desain, maupun merek sebagai berikut: 1. **Hak Cipta** [Hak Cipta](https://www.hukumonline.com/kamus/h/hak-cipta) adalah bidang Kekayaan Intelektual yang melindungi ciptaan. Sedangkan ciptaan adalah setiap hasil karya cipta di bidang ilmu pengetahuan, seni, dan sastra yang dihasilkan atas inspirasi, kemampuan, pikiran, imajinasi, kecekatan, keterampilan, alau keahlian yang diekspresikan dalam bentuk nyata.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) Ide bisnis dapat dikategorikan sebagai ciptaan dan dilindungi Hak Cipta apabila memenuhi dua syarat yakni orisinalitas dan fiksasi. Syarat orisinalitas bermakna bahwa ciptaan harus menunjukkan kepribadian penciptanya.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) Sementara itu, fiksasi atau perwujudan berarti bahwa ciptaan harus diwujudkan dalam medium tertentu dan diekspresikan pada medium yang stabil.[\[6\]](#_ftn6) 2. **Paten** [Paten](https://www.hukumonline.com/kamus/p/paten) adalah hak eksklusif yang diberikan oleh negara kepada inventor atas hasil invensinya di bidang teknologi untuk jangka waktu tertentu melaksanakan sendiri invensi tersebut atau memberikan persetujuan kepada pihak lain untuk melaksanakannya.[\[7\]](#_ftn7) Sedangkan invensi adalah ide inventor yang dituangkan ke dalam suatu kegiatan pemecahan masalah yang spesifik di bidang teknologi berupa produk atau proses, atau penyempurnaan dan pengembangan produk atau proses.[\[8\]](#_ftn8) Ide bisnis dapat dilindungi paten apabila bersifat baru, mengandung langkah inventif, dan dapat diterapkan dalam industri.[\[9\]](#_ftn9) Unsur ‘baru’ artinya invensi belum dipublikasikan dan belum ada sebelumnya.[\[10\]](#_ftn10) Unsur ‘langkah inventif’ berarti bahwa invensi tersebut mempunyai kelebihan, kemajuan, atau pengembangan dari penemuan yang telah ada sebelumnya dan tidak dapat diduga oleh seorang ahli dalam bidangnya.[\[11\]](#_ftn11) Sedangkan, unsur ‘dapat diterapkan dalam industri’ berarti bahwa invensi dapat dilaksanakan dalam industri, dibuat secara-berulang-ulang dengan kualitas yang sama, atau mampu dijalankan atau digunakan dalam praktek apabila invensi berupa proses.[\[12\]](#_ftn12) Pada dasarnya, menurut **Pasal 2 [UU 13/2016](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt57dfa79196118/undang-undang-nomor-13-tahun-2016/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_13_2016)** terdapat 2 (dua) jenis paten, yakni paten biasa dan paten sederhana. Umumnya, paten sederhana diberikan untuk invensi yang bukan sekadar berbeda ciri teknisnya namun juga memiliki kegunaan lebih praktis daripada invensi sebelumnya yang disebabkan bentuk, konfigurasi, konstruksi, atau komponen yang mencakup alat, barang, mesin, komposisi, formula, senyawa, atau sistem.[\[13\]](#_ftn13) Artinya, suatu ide bisnis dapat dilindungi paten sederhana apabila ide tersebut dapat membuat kegunaan yang lebih praktis dibandingkan temuan sebelumnya. 3. **Desain Industri** Desain industri adalah suatu kreasi tentang bentuk, konfigurasi, atau komposisi garis atau warna, atau garis dan warna, atau gabungan daripadanya yang berbentuk tiga dimensi atau dua dimensi yang memberikan kesan estetis dan dapat diwujudkan dalam pola tiga dimensi atau dua dimensi serta dapat dipakai untuk menghasilkan suatu produk, barang, komoditas industri, atau kerajinan tangan.[\[14\]](#_ftn14) Kemudian, ide bisnis dapat dilindungi sebagai Desain Industri apabila bersifat baru[\[15\]](#_ftn15) dan tidak melanggar peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku, ketertiban umum, agama, atau kesusilaan.[\[16\]](#_ftn16) 4. **Merek** [Merek](https://www.hukumonline.com/kamus/m/merek) adalah tanda yang dapat ditampilkan secara grafis berupa gambar, logo, nama, kata, huruf, angka, susunan warna, dalam bentuk 2 (dua) dimensi dan/atau 3 (tiga) dimensi, suara, hologram, atau kombinasi dari 2 (dua) atau lebih unsur tersebut untuk membedakan barang dan/atau jasa yang diproduksi oleh orang atau badan hukum dalam kegiatan perdagangan barang dan/atau jasa.[\[17\]](#_ftn17) Kemudian, berdasarkan penjelasan tersebut dapat diartikan bahwa ide bisnis dapat dilindungi dalam bentuk merek apabila merek tersebut tidak mirip atau identik dengan merek lain yang sudah terdaftar dan memenuhi syarat pada ketentuan hukum mengenai merek.[\[18\]](#_ftn18) Hak-hak Kekayaan Intelektual tersebut timbul secara berbeda, sebagai contoh, Hak Cipta adalah hak eksklusif pencipta yang timbul secara otomatis berdasarkan prinsip deklaratif setelah suatu ciptaan diwujudkan dalam bentuk nyata tanpa mengurangi pembatasan sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan.[\[19\]](#_ftn19) Dari berbagai penjelasan tersebut, menurut hemat kami, Hak Cipta merupakan hak ekslusif tanpa pendaftaran terlebih dahulu. Sementara itu, Paten, Desain Industri, dan Merek timbul berdasarkan prinsip konstitutif yang artinya hak tersebut hanya timbul apabila didaftarkan terlebih dahulu yang kemudian akan dilakukan asesi mengenai kelayakan perlindungan.[\[20\]](#_ftn20) Baca juga: **[Pelanggaran Hak Cipta Terhadap Ciptaan yang Belum Didaftarkan](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/pelanggaran-hak-cipta-terhadap-ciptaan-yang-belum-didaftarkan-lt561be135c587a?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pelanggaran_hak_cipta_terhadap_ciptaan_belum_didaftarkan)** Kesimpulannya, menjawab pertanyaan Anda, ide bersifat konseptual dan abstrak. Akan tetapi, ide bisnis Anda dapat menjadi cikal bakal sesuatu yang bernilai tinggi dan dilindungi sebagai Kekayaan Intelektual apabila diekspresikan dalam bentuk nyata dan memenuhi standar seperti dalam bentuk ciptaan, invensi, desain, maupun merek. Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwi bahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut [**di sini.**](http://mini.hukumonline.com/holpro/?utm_source=Google&utm_medium=Banner&utm_campaign=KlinikHukum-LandingPage) Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 2000 tentang Desain Industri [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/295/node/67/undangundang-nomor-31-tahun-2000?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_31_2000) Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5460681737444/undang-undang-nomor-28-tahun-2014?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_28_2014) Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2016 tentang Paten [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt57dfa79196118/undang-undang-nomor-13-tahun-2016/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_13_2016) Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5850fd588be8e/undang-undang-nomor-20-tahun-2016/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_20_2016) Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022) REFERENSI --------- 1. Achmad Fata'al Chuzaibi. _Sistem Konstitutif dalam UU No 15 Tahun 2001 Tentang Merek Bagi UMKM_. Jurnal Syiar Hukum, SH-FH Unisba, Vol. 13, No. 2, 2011; 2. Edi Eskak. _Metode Pembangkitan Ide Kreatif Dalam Penciptaan Seni_. CORAK Jurnal Seni Kriya, Vol. 2, No. 2, 2014; 3. Direktorat Jenderal Kekayaan Intelektual, _Modul Ki-Lat untuk Pemula_, Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Kekayaan Intelektual, 2020; 4. Maria Alfons. _Implementasi Hak Kekayaan Intelektual dalam Perspektif Negara Hukum_. Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia, Vol. 14, No. 3, 2017; 5. Paul Goldstein. _International Copyright: Principles, Law, and Practice_. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001; 6. Ridwan Khairandy. _Pengantar Hak Atas Kekayaan Intelektual._ Yogyakarta: Fakultas Hukum UII, 1999; 7. Stephen M. McJohn. _Intellectual Property (Sixth Edition)_. New York: Wolters Kluwer, 2019. * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Edi Eskak. _Metode Pembangkitan Ide Kreatif Dalam Penciptaan Seni_. CORAK Jurnal Seni Kriya, Vol. 2, No. 2, 2014, hal. 167. [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Direktorat Jenderal Kekayaan Intelektual. _Modul Ki-Lat untuk Pemula_. Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Kekayaan Intelektual, 2020, hal. 7. [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Maria Alfons. _Implementasi Hak Kekayaan Intelektual dalam Perspektif Negara Hukum_. Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia, Vol. 14, No. 3, 2017, hal. 305. [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 1 angka 3 [Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5460681737444/undang-undang-nomor-28-tahun-2014?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_28_2014) (“UU 28/2014”). [\[5\]](#_ftnref5)  Paul Goldstein. _International Copyright: Principles, Law, and Practice_. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001, hal. 162. [\[6\]](#_ftnref6)  Stephen M. McJohn. _Intellectual Property (Sixth Edition)_. New York: Wolters Kluwer, 2019, hal. 72-74. [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Pasal 1 angka 1 [Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2016 tentang Paten](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt57dfa79196118/undang-undang-nomor-13-tahun-2016/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_13_2016) (“UU 13/2016”). [\[8\]](#_ftnref8) Pasal 1 angka 2 UU 13/2016. [\[9\]](#_ftnref9) Pasal 107 angka 1 [Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022) (“Perppu Cipta Kerja”) yang telah disahkan menjadi Undang-Undang pada 21 Maret 2023, yang mengubah Pasal 3 ayat (1) UU 13/2016. [\[10\]](#_ftnref10) Ridwan Khairandy. _Pengantar Hak Atas Kekayaan Intelektual._ Yogyakarta: Fakultas Hukum UII, 1999, hal. 22. [\[11\]](#_ftnref11) Penjelasan Pasal 7 ayat (1) UU 13/2016. [\[12\]](#_ftnref12) Penjelasan Pasal 8 UU 13/2016. [\[13\]](#_ftnref13) Penjelasan Pasal 3 ayat (2) UU 13/2016. [\[14\]](#_ftnref14) Pasal 1 angka 1 [Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 2000 tentang Desain Industri](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/295/node/67/undangundang-nomor-31-tahun-2000/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_31_2000) (“UU 31/2000”). [\[15\]](#_ftnref15) Pasal 2 ayat (1) UU 31/2000. [\[16\]](#_ftnref16) Pasal 4 UU 31/2000. [\[17\]](#_ftnref17) Pasal 1 angka 1 [Undang-undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5850fd588be8e/undang-undang-nomor-20-tahun-2016/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_20_2016) (“UU 20/2016”). [\[18\]](#_ftnref18) Penjelasan Pasal 21 ayat (1) huruf b UU 20/2016. [\[19\]](#_ftnref19) Pasal 1 angka 1 UU 28/2014. [\[20\]](#_ftnref20) Achmad Fata'al Chuzaibi. _Sistem Konstitutif dalam UU No 15 Tahun 2001 Tentang Merek Bagi UMKM_. Jurnal Syiar Hukum, SH-FH Unisba, Vol. 13, No. 2, 2011, hal. 161. Tags ---- [hak kekayaan intelektual](/tag/hak-kekayaan-intelektual) [haki](/tag/haki) [hki](/tag/hki) [hukum](/tag/hukum) [hukumonline](/tag/hukumonline) [kekayaan intelektual](/tag/kekayaan-intelektual) [klinik](/tag/klinik) [klinik hukumonline](/tag/klinik-hukumonline)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul Ini Perbedaan Calon Hakim Agung Karier dengan Non Karieryang dibuat oleh Sovia Hasanah, S.H.danpertama kali dipublikasikan pada Jumat, 26 Oktober 2018.KLINIK TERKAITApakah KY Berwenang Mengawasi Hakim Konstitusi?23 Nov 2022Perbedaan Hakim Karier, Nonkarier, dan Hakim Ad Hoc20 Sep 202210 Prinsip Kode Etik Hakim, Yuk Cari Tahu di Sini!22 Agt 2022Tertarik Jadi Hakim Konstitusi? Begini Syaratnya15 Jun 2022Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.Proses Pengangkatan Hakim AgungGuna menjawab pertanyaan Anda tentang pengangkatan hakim agung oleh siapa? Hakim agung ditetapkan oleh Presiden dari nama calon yang diajukan oleh Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (“DPR”). Sedangkan yang mengajukan calon hakim agung ke DPR adalah tugas Komisi Yudisial (“KY”).[1] Jadi, singkatnya yang berwenang mengusulkan calon hakim agung adalah lembaga KY.Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Calon hakim agung yang diusulkan oleh KY disetujui oleh DPR 1 orang dari 1 nama calon untuk setiap lowongan. Persetujuan calon hakim agung dilakukan paling lama 30 hari sidang terhitung sejak tanggal nama calon diterima DPR. Pengajuan calon hakim agung oleh DPR kepada Presiden dilakukan paling lama 14 hari sidang terhitung sejak tanggal nama calon disetujui dalam Rapat Paripurna.[2]Setelah itu Presiden menetapkan hakim agung dari nama calon yang diajukan oleh DPR paling lama 14 hari kerja terhitung sejak tanggal pengajuan nama calon diterima Presiden.[3]Kemudian untuk posisi Ketua dan Wakil Ketua Mahkamah Agung dipilih dari dan oleh hakim agung dan ditetapkan oleh Presiden. Ketua Muda Mahkamah Agung tersebut ditetapkan oleh Presiden di antara hakim agung yang diajukan oleh Ketua Mahkamah Agung. Keputusan Presiden mengenai penetapan Ketua, Wakil Ketua Mahkamah Agung, dan Ketua Muda Mahkamah Agung dilakukan paling lama 14 hari kerja terhitung sejak tanggal pengajuan nama calon diterima Presiden.[4]Selanjutnya membahas tentang hakim agung tugasnya apa? Mengenai ini telah diulas selengkapnya dalam Tugas dan Wewenang Hakim Agung.Syarat Menjadi Hakim AgungSebagaimana telah dijelaskan yang berwenang mengusulkan calon hakim agung adalah KY, namun sebenarnya pengusulan calon hakim agung kepada KY dapat dilakukan oleh Mahkamah Agung, pemerintah, dan masyarakat.[5]Calon hakim agung yang diusulkan tersebut dapat berasal dari:[6]1. Hakim KarierYang dimaksud dengan calon hakim agung yang berasal dari hakim karier adalah calon hakim agung yang berstatus aktif sebagai hakim pada badan peradilan yang berada di bawah Mahkamah Agung yang dicalonkan oleh Mahkamah Agung.[7]2. Non KarierYang dimaksud dengan calon hakim agung yang juga berasal dari non karier adalah calon hakim agung yang berasal dari luar lingkungan badan peradilan.[8]Untuk mempermudah pemahaman Anda, kami terangkan lebih lanjut perbedaan syarat calon hakim agung yang berasal dari hakim karier dan non karier sebagai berikut.[9]Calon Hakim Agung KarierCalon Hakim Agung Non Kariera. warga negara Indonesia;b. bertakwa kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa;c. berusia paling sedikit 45 tahun;d. mampu secara rohani dan jasmani untuk menjalankan tugas dan kewajibane. berijazah magister di bidang hukum dengan dasar sarjanahukum atau sarjana lain yang mempunyai keahlian di bidang hukum;f. berpengalaman paling sedikit 20 tahun menjadi hakim, termasuk paling singkat 3 tahun menjadi hakim tinggi; dang. tidak pernah dijatuhi sanksi pemberhentian sementara akibat melakukan pelanggaran kode etik dan/atau pedoman perilaku hakim.a. warga negara Indonesia;b. bertakwa kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa;c. berusia paling sedikit 45 tahun;d. mampu secara rohani dan jasmani untuk menjalankan tugas dan kewajiban;e. berijazah doktor dan magister di bidang hukum dengan dasar sarjana hukum atau sarjana lain yang mempunyai keahlian di bidang hukum;f. berpengalaman dalam profesi hukum dan/atau akademisi hukum paling sedikit 20 tahun;g. tidak pernah dijatuhi pidana penjara berdasarkan putusan pengadilan yang telah memperoleh kekuatan hukum tetap karena melakukan tindak pidana yang diancam dengan pidana penjara 5 tahun atau lebih; danh. tidak pernah dijatuhi sanksi pelanggaran disiplin.Jadi menjawab pertanyaan Anda, apa syarat menjadi hakim agung? Ini bergantung pada apakah calon hakim agung tersebut berasal dari hakim karier dan non karier. Selain sejumlah persyaratan tersebut di atas, usulan calon hakim agung dilampiri dengan kelengkapan administrasi:[10]surat usulan calon hakim agung;daftar riwayat hidup, yang memuat riwayat pekerjaan dan/atau pengalaman organisasi;fotokopi ijazah beserta transkrip nilai yang telah dilegalisasi oleh pejabat yang berwenang;surat keterangan sehat rohani dan jasmani dari dokter pemerintah;daftar harta kekayaan serta sumber penghasilan calon (dibuktikan dengan tanda bukti penyerahan LHKPN Form A dan Form B dari Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi);fotokopi Nomor Pokok Wajib Pajak (NPWP);fotokopi Kartu Tanda Penduduk (KTP) yang masih berlaku;pas foto terbaru sebanyak 3 lembar ukuran 4x6 (berwarna);surat keterangan berpengalaman dalam bidang hukum paling sedikit 20 tahun dari instansi yang bersangkutan;surat keterangan dari pengadilan negeri setempat bahwa calon tidak pernah dijatuhi pidana penjara berdasarkan putusan pengadilan yang telah memperoleh kekuatan hukum tetap karena melakukan tindak pidana yang diancam dengan pidana penjara 5 tahun atau lebih, bagi calon hakim agung yang berasal dari nonkarier;surat keterangan tidak pernah dijatuhi pemberhentian sementara bagi calon hakim agung yang berasal dari hakim karier, dan sanksi disiplin dari instansi/lembaga asal calon yang berasal dari nonkarier;surat pernyataan tidak akan merangkap sebagai pejabat negara, advokat, notaris, pejabat pembuat akta tanah, pengusaha, karyawan badan usaha milik negara/ daerah atau badan usaha milik swasta, pimpinan/pengurus partai politik atau organisasi massa yang memiliki afiliasi dengan partai politik, atau jabatan lainnya yang dapat menimbulkan benturan kepentingan, jika diterima menjadi hakim agung;surat pernyataan kesediaan mengikuti proses seleksi calon hakim agung;surat pernyataan pilihan kamar peradilan (Perdata, Pidana, Tata Usaha Negara, Agama dan Militer); dansurat pernyataan tidak pernah mengikuti seleksi calon hakim agung dua kali secara berturut-turut.Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwibahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut di sini.Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat.DASAR HUKUMUndang-Undang Nomor 14 Tahun 1985 tentang Mahkamah AgungUndang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2004 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 14 Tahun 1985 tentang Mahkamah AgungUndang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2009 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 14 Tahun 1985 tentang Mahkamah AgungPeraturan Komisi Yudisial Nomor 2 Tahun 2016 tentang Seleksi Calon Hakim AgungPUTUSANPutusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 27/PUU-XI/2013.[1] Pasal 8 ayat (1) dan (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2009 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 14 Tahun 1985 tentang Mahkamah Agung (“UU 3/2009”) jo. Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 27/PUU-XI/2013[2] Pasal 8 ayat (3), (4) dan (5) UU 3/2009 jo. Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 27/PUU-XI/2013[3] Pasal 8 ayat (6) UU 3/2009[4] Pasal 8 ayat (7), (8), dan (9) UU 3/2009[5] Pasal 4 ayat (3) Peraturan Komisi Yudisial Nomor 2 Tahun 2016 tentang Seleksi Calon Hakim Agung (“Peraturan KY 2/2016”)[6] Pasal 6B UU 3/2009 jo. Pasal 4 ayat (4) Peraturan KY 2/2016[7] Penjelasan Pasal 6B ayat (1) UU 3/2009[8] Penjelasan Pasal 6B ayat (2) UU 3/2009[9] Pasal 6 ayat (1) dan (2) Peraturan KY 2/2016[10] Pasal 6 ayat (3) Peraturan KY 2/2016Tagscakimcalon hakimcalon hakim agungdoktergooglehakimhakim agunghukumhukumonlineklinikklinik hukumonlineprofesi hukum
Mohon pencerahannya apa syarat menjadi hakim agung? Kemudian pengangkatan hakim agung oleh siapa? Terima kasih penjelasannya.
Singkatnya jika ditanya pengangkatan hakim agung oleh siapa? Hakim agung ditetapkan oleh Presiden dari nama calon yang diajukan oleh Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR). Sedangkan yang mengajukan calon hakim agung ke DPR adalah tugas Komisi Yudisial (KY) yang mana dilakukan oleh Mahkamah Agung, pemerintah, dan masyarakat. Lalu, apa syarat menjadi hakim agung? Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Apakah KY Berwenang Mengawasi Hakim Konstitusi?23 Nov 2022Perbedaan Hakim Karier, Nonkarier, dan Hakim Ad Hoc20 Sep 202210 Prinsip Kode Etik Hakim, Yuk Cari Tahu di Sini!22 Agt 2022Tertarik Jadi Hakim Konstitusi? Begini Syaratnya15 Jun 2022Apakah KY Berwenang Mengawasi Hakim Konstitusi?23 Nov 2022Perbedaan Hakim Karier, Nonkarier, dan Hakim Ad Hoc20 Sep 202210 Prinsip Kode Etik Hakim, Yuk Cari Tahu di Sini!22 Agt 2022Tertarik Jadi Hakim Konstitusi? Begini Syaratnya15 Jun 2022Langkah Jika Jual Beli Tanah HGB yang Belum Balik Nama15 Mei 2024Cara Pindah Kewarganegaraan WNI Menjadi WNA25 Mar 2024Cara Menghitung Pembebasan Bersyarat bagi Narapidana3 Agu 2022Langkah Jika Jual Beli Tanah HGB yang Belum Balik Nama15 Mei 2024Cara Pindah Kewarganegaraan WNI Menjadi WNA25 Mar 2024Cara Menghitung Pembebasan Bersyarat bagi Narapidana3 Agu 2022
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/syarat-menjadi-hakim-agung-lt5bcfdba5d5cb5/
Syarat Menjadi Hakim Agung dan Proses Pengangkatannya
pages/152/page-6.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul** **_Ini Perbedaan Calon Hakim Agung Karier dengan Non Karier_****yang dibuat oleh** [**Sovia Hasanah, S.H.**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/sovia-hasanah--sh-lt57d2913a130b4)**dan****pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Jumat, 26 Oktober 2018.** ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Apakah KY Berwenang Mengawasi Hakim Konstitusi? ](/klinik/a/apakah-ky-berwenang-mengawasi-hakim-konstitusi-lt5276fa477e385/) ![Apakah KY Berwenang Mengawasi Hakim Konstitusi?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt5276fa477e385/thumbnail_lt637e02e31502d.jpg) 23 Nov 2022 [ #### Perbedaan Hakim Karier, Nonkarier, dan Hakim Ad Hoc ](/klinik/a/perbedaan-hakim-karier-nonkarier-dan-hakim-ad-hoc-cl641/) ![Perbedaan Hakim Karier, Nonkarier, dan Hakim Ad Hoc](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/cl641/thumbnail_lt6329a79c7a4d7.jpg) 20 Sep 2022 [ #### 10 Prinsip Kode Etik Hakim, Yuk Cari Tahu di Sini! ](/klinik/a/10-prinsip-kode-etik-hakim-yuk-cari-tahu-di-sini-lt630335ad22e26/) ![10 Prinsip Kode Etik Hakim, Yuk Cari Tahu di Sini!](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt630335ad22e26/thumbnail_lt630336a1cce0d.jpg) 22 Agt 2022 [ #### Tertarik Jadi Hakim Konstitusi? Begini Syaratnya ](/klinik/a/tertarik-jadi-hakim-konstitusi-begini-syaratnya-lt62a9b4650f192/) ![Tertarik Jadi Hakim Konstitusi? Begini Syaratnya](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt62a9b4650f192/thumbnail_lt62a9b56a4e7ef.jpg) 15 Jun 2022 [](#!) Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Proses Pengangkatan Hakim Agung** Guna menjawab pertanyaan Anda tentang pengangkatan hakim agung oleh siapa? Hakim agung ditetapkan oleh Presiden dari nama calon yang diajukan oleh Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (“DPR”). Sedangkan yang mengajukan calon hakim agung ke DPR adalah tugas Komisi Yudisial (“KY”).[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Jadi, singkatnya yang berwenang mengusulkan calon hakim agung adalah lembaga KY. Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Calon hakim agung yang diusulkan oleh KY disetujui oleh DPR 1 orang dari 1 nama calon untuk setiap lowongan. Persetujuan calon hakim agung dilakukan paling lama 30 hari sidang terhitung sejak tanggal nama calon diterima DPR. Pengajuan calon hakim agung oleh DPR kepada Presiden dilakukan paling lama 14 hari sidang terhitung sejak tanggal nama calon disetujui dalam Rapat Paripurna.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Setelah itu Presiden menetapkan hakim agung dari nama calon yang diajukan oleh DPR paling lama 14 hari kerja terhitung sejak tanggal pengajuan nama calon diterima Presiden.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Kemudian untuk posisi Ketua dan Wakil Ketua Mahkamah Agung dipilih dari dan oleh hakim agung dan ditetapkan oleh Presiden. Ketua Muda Mahkamah Agung tersebut ditetapkan oleh Presiden di antara hakim agung yang diajukan oleh Ketua Mahkamah Agung. Keputusan Presiden mengenai penetapan Ketua, Wakil Ketua Mahkamah Agung, dan Ketua Muda Mahkamah Agung dilakukan paling lama 14 hari kerja terhitung sejak tanggal pengajuan nama calon diterima Presiden.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) Selanjutnya membahas tentang hakim agung tugasnya apa? Mengenai ini telah diulas selengkapnya dalam **[Tugas dan Wewenang Hakim Agung](https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/tugas-dan-wewenang-hakim-agung-lt6332e639260be/?page=1?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=tugas_hakim_agung)**. ### **Syarat Menjadi Hakim Agung** Sebagaimana telah dijelaskan yang berwenang mengusulkan calon hakim agung adalah KY, namun sebenarnya pengusulan calon hakim agung kepada KY dapat dilakukan oleh Mahkamah Agung, pemerintah, dan masyarakat.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) Calon hakim agung yang diusulkan tersebut dapat berasal dari:[\[6\]](#_ftn6) 1\. Hakim Karier Yang dimaksud dengan **calon hakim agung yang berasal dari hakim karier** adalah calon hakim agung yang berstatus aktif sebagai hakim pada badan peradilan yang berada di bawah Mahkamah Agung yang dicalonkan oleh Mahkamah Agung.[\[7\]](#_ftn7) 2\. Non Karier Yang dimaksud dengan **calon hakim agung yang juga berasal dari non karier** adalah calon hakim agung yang berasal dari luar lingkungan badan peradilan.[\[8\]](#_ftn8) Untuk mempermudah pemahaman Anda, kami terangkan lebih lanjut perbedaan syarat calon hakim agung yang berasal dari hakim karier dan non karier sebagai berikut.[\[9\]](#_ftn9) **Calon Hakim Agung Karier** **Calon Hakim Agung Non Karier** a. warga negara Indonesia; b. bertakwa kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa; c. berusia paling sedikit 45 tahun; d. mampu secara rohani dan jasmani untuk menjalankan tugas dan kewajiban e. berijazah **magister di bidang hukum** dengan dasar sarjanahukum atau sarjana lain yang mempunyai keahlian di bidang hukum; f. **berpengalaman paling sedikit 20 tahun menjadi hakim, termasuk paling singkat 3 tahun menjadi hakim tinggi**; dan g. tidak pernah dijatuhi **sanksi pemberhentian sementara akibat melakukan pelanggaran kode etik dan/atau pedoman perilaku hakim**. a. warga negara Indonesia; b. bertakwa kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa; c. berusia paling sedikit 45 tahun; d. mampu secara rohani dan jasmani untuk menjalankan tugas dan kewajiban; e. berijazah **doktor dan magister di bidang hukum** dengan dasar sarjana hukum atau sarjana lain yang mempunyai keahlian di bidang hukum; f. **berpengalaman dalam profesi hukum dan/atau akademisi hukum paling sedikit 20 tahun**; g. tidak pernah dijatuhi **pidana penjara** berdasarkan putusan pengadilan yang telah memperoleh kekuatan hukum tetap karena melakukan **tindak pidana yang diancam dengan pidana penjara 5 tahun atau lebih**; dan h. tidak pernah dijatuhi sanksi pelanggaran disiplin. Jadi menjawab pertanyaan Anda, apa syarat menjadi hakim agung? Ini bergantung pada apakah calon hakim agung tersebut berasal dari hakim karier dan non karier. Selain sejumlah persyaratan tersebut di atas, usulan calon hakim agung dilampiri dengan kelengkapan administrasi:[\[10\]](#_ftn10) 1. surat usulan calon hakim agung; 2. daftar riwayat hidup, yang memuat riwayat pekerjaan dan/atau pengalaman organisasi; 3. fotokopi ijazah beserta transkrip nilai yang telah dilegalisasi oleh pejabat yang berwenang; 4. surat keterangan sehat rohani dan jasmani dari dokter pemerintah; 5. daftar harta kekayaan serta sumber penghasilan calon (dibuktikan dengan tanda bukti penyerahan LHKPN Form A dan Form B dari Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi); 6. fotokopi Nomor Pokok Wajib Pajak (NPWP); 7. fotokopi Kartu Tanda Penduduk (KTP) yang masih berlaku; 8. pas foto terbaru sebanyak 3 lembar ukuran 4x6 (berwarna); 9. surat keterangan berpengalaman dalam bidang hukum paling sedikit 20 tahun dari instansi yang bersangkutan; 10. surat keterangan dari pengadilan negeri setempat bahwa calon tidak pernah dijatuhi pidana penjara berdasarkan putusan pengadilan yang telah memperoleh kekuatan hukum tetap karena melakukan tindak pidana yang diancam dengan pidana penjara 5 tahun atau lebih, bagi calon hakim agung yang berasal dari nonkarier; 11. surat keterangan tidak pernah dijatuhi pemberhentian sementara bagi calon hakim agung yang berasal dari hakim karier, dan sanksi disiplin dari instansi/lembaga asal calon yang berasal dari nonkarier; 12. surat pernyataan tidak akan merangkap sebagai pejabat negara, advokat, notaris, pejabat pembuat akta tanah, pengusaha, karyawan badan usaha milik negara/ daerah atau badan usaha milik swasta, pimpinan/pengurus partai politik atau organisasi massa yang memiliki afiliasi dengan partai politik, atau jabatan lainnya yang dapat menimbulkan benturan kepentingan, jika diterima menjadi hakim agung; 13. surat pernyataan kesediaan mengikuti proses seleksi calon hakim agung; 14. surat pernyataan pilihan kamar peradilan (Perdata, Pidana, Tata Usaha Negara, Agama dan Militer); dan 15. surat pernyataan tidak pernah mengikuti seleksi calon hakim agung dua kali secara berturut-turut. Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwibahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut [di sini](https://pro.hukumonline.com/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=cta&utm_campaign=artikel_klinik). Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Undang-Undang Nomor 14 Tahun 1985 tentang Mahkamah Agung [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/3781/undangundang-nomor-14-tahun-1985/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_ma) Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2004 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 14 Tahun 1985 tentang Mahkamah Agung [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17917?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_5_2004) Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2009 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 14 Tahun 1985 tentang Mahkamah Agung [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/28864?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_3_2009) Peraturan Komisi Yudisial Nomor 2 Tahun 2016 tentang Seleksi Calon Hakim Agung [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt58c66815afafb/nprt/lt516bcdb82a6b6/peraturan-komisi-yudisial-nomor-2-tahun-2016?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=ky_2_2016) PUTUSAN ------- [Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 27/PUU-XI/2013](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5ae02a29bb03d/npts/lt5237d90a2e488/putusan-mahkamah-konstitusi-nomor-27-puu-xi-2013?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=MK_27_2013). [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Pasal 8 ayat (1) dan (2) [Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2009 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 14 Tahun 1985 tentang Mahkamah Agung](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/28864?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_3_2009) (“UU 3/2009”) _jo._ [Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 27/PUU-XI/2013](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5ae02a29bb03d/npts/lt5237d90a2e488/putusan-mahkamah-konstitusi-nomor-27-puu-xi-2013?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=MK_27_2013) [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal 8 ayat (3), (4) dan (5) UU 3/2009 _jo._ [Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 27/PUU-XI/2013](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5ae02a29bb03d/npts/lt5237d90a2e488/putusan-mahkamah-konstitusi-nomor-27-puu-xi-2013) [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 8 ayat (6) UU 3/2009 [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 8 ayat (7), (8), dan (9) UU 3/2009 [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Pasal 4 ayat (3) [Peraturan Komisi Yudisial Nomor 2 Tahun 2016 tentang Seleksi Calon Hakim Agung](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt58c66815afafb/nprt/lt516bcdb82a6b6/peraturan-komisi-yudisial-nomor-2-tahun-2016?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=ky_2_2016) (“Peraturan KY 2/2016”) [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Pasal 6B UU 3/2009 _jo._ Pasal 4 ayat (4) Peraturan KY 2/2016 [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Penjelasan Pasal 6B ayat (1) UU 3/2009 [\[8\]](#_ftnref8) Penjelasan Pasal 6B ayat (2) UU 3/2009 [\[9\]](#_ftnref9) Pasal 6 ayat (1) dan (2) Peraturan KY 2/2016 [\[10\]](#_ftnref10) Pasal 6 ayat (3) Peraturan KY 2/2016 Tags ---- [cakim](/tag/cakim) [calon hakim](/tag/calon-hakim) [calon hakim agung](/tag/calon-hakim-agung) [dokter](/tag/dokter) [google](/tag/google) [hakim](/tag/hakim) [hakim agung](/tag/hakim-agung) [hukum](/tag/hukum) [hukumonline](/tag/hukumonline) [klinik](/tag/klinik) [klinik hukumonline](/tag/klinik-hukumonline) [profesi hukum](/tag/profesi-hukum)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul Beda Kepailitan dan Wanprestasi yang dibuat oleh Shanti Rachmadsyah, S.H., dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Rabu, 28 Juli 2010.KLINIK TERKAITCatat! 11 Asas Kepailitan yang Harus Kamu Tahu25 Jan 2023Batas Waktu Memasukkan Harta Debitur ke Harta Pailit11 Jan 2023Tugas Kurator dan Hakim Pengawas dalam Kepailitan04 Nov 20222 Syarat Kepailitan dan Penjelasannya 05 Agt 2022Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.Apa itu Kepailitan?Untuk menjawab pertanyaan Anda mengenai perbedaan kepailitan dan wanprestasi, kami akan membahas terlebih dahulu mengenai apa itu kepailitan dan wanprestasi.Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Pengertian kepailitan menurut Pasal 1 angka 1 UU KPKPU, yaitu sita umum atas semua kekayaan debitur pailit yang pengurusan dan pemberesannya dilakukan oleh kurator di bawah pengawasan hakim pengawas sebagaimana diatur dalam UU KPKPU.Sementara, menurut R. Subekti dan R. Tjitrosudibio kepailitan merupakan keadaan seorang debitur apabila ia telah menghentikan pembayaran utang-utangnya. Suatu keadaan yang menghendaki campur tangan majelis hakim guna menjamin kepentingan bersama dari para krediturnya.[1]Adapun, persyaratan pengajuan kepailitan adalah:[2]debitur mempunyai dua atau lebih kreditur; dandebitur tidak membayar lunas sedikitnya satu utang yang telah jatuh waktu dan dapat ditagih.Debitur yang memenuhi persyaratan tersebut dinyatakan pailit oleh putusan pengadilan, baik atas permohonannya sendiri maupun atas permohonan satu atau lebih krediturnya.[3] Terkait dengan syarat kepailitan, dapat Anda baca selengkapnya di dalam artikel 2 Syarat Kepailitan dan Penjelasannya.Dalam proses kepailitan, pihak-pihak yang terlibat antara lain debitur pailit, kreditur, kurator dan hakim pengawas pada Pengadilan Niaga[4] yang terdapat pada Pengadilan Negeri Medan, Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Pusat, Pengadilan Negeri Semarang, Pengadilan Negeri Surabaya dan Pengadilan Negeri Makassar.Selain itu juga dalam proses kepailitan melibatkan seluruh pihak yang menjadi kreditur. Hal ini sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 115 ayat (1) UU KPKPU yang mewajibkan semua kreditur menyerahkan piutangnya masing-masing kepada kurator disertai perhitungan atau keterangan tertulis lainnya yang menunjukkan sifat dan jumlah piutang, disertai dengan surat bukti atau salinannya, dan suatu pernyataan ada atau tidaknya Kreditor mempunyai suatu hak istimewa, hak gadai, jaminan fidusia, hak tanggungan, hipotek, hak agunan atas kebendaan lainnya, atau hak untuk menahan benda.Adapun akibat hukum bagi debitur setelah dinyatakan pailit yaitu debitur demi hukum kehilangan haknya untuk menguasai dan mengurus kekayaannya yang termasuk dalam harta pailit, sejak tanggal putusan pernyataan pailit diucapkan.[5]Apabila dalam proses pengajuan kepailitan tersebut tidak dapat dibuktikan fakta atau keadaannya secara sederhana yaitu fakta utang yang telah jatuh waktu dan tidak dibayar, sedangkan perbedaan jumlah utang yang didalilkan pemohon dan termohon pailit tidak menghalangi jatuhnya putusan pernyataan pailit,[6] maka terhadap semua utang yang dimiliki debitur dapat diajukan wanprestasi.Pengertian WanprestasiWanprestasi menurut Pasal 1238 KUH Perdata merupakan suatu keadaan dimana debitur dinyatakan lalai dengan surat perintah, atau dengan akta sejenis itu, berdasarkan kekuatan dari perikatan sendiri, yaitu bila perikatan ini mengakibatkan debitur harus dianggap lalai dengan lewatnya waktu yang ditentukan.Menurut M. Yahya Harahap, wanprestasi merupakan pelaksanaan perjanjian yang tidak tepat waktunya atau dilakukan tidak menurut selayaknya atau tidak dilaksanakan sama sekali.[7]Pendapat tersebut diperkuat dengan Yurisprudensi MA No. 4/Yur/Pid/2018 yang menyatakan para pihak yang tidak memenuhi kewajiban dalam perjanjian yang dibuat secara sah bukan penipuan, namun wanprestasi yang masuk dalam ranah keperdataan, kecuali jika perjanjian tersebut didasari dengan iktikad buruk/tidak baik.Baca juga: Pengertian Wanprestasi, Akibat, dan Cara MenyelesaikannyaSelanjutnya terkait syarat wanprestasi sebagaimana Pasal 1243 KUH Perdata yang menyatakan bahwa penggantian biaya, kerugian dan bunga karena tak dipenuhinya suatu perikatan mulai diwajibkan, bila debitur, walaupun telah dinyatakan lalai, tetapi lalai untuk memenuhi perikatan itu, atau jika sesuatu yang harus diberikan atau dilakukan hanya dapat diberikan atau dilakukannya dalam waktu yang melampaui waktu yang telah ditentukan.Sehingga syarat wanprestasi dapat diuraikan sebagai berikut:Terdapat perjanjian yang mengikat para pihak;Terdapat salah satu pihak yang ingkar janji atau melanggar perjanjian tersebut;Para pihak telah dinyatakan lalai, namun tetap tidak memenuhi isi perjanjian.Wanprestasi dapat berbentuk:[8]sama sekali tidak memenuhi prestasi;tidak tunai memenuhi prestasi;terlambat memenuhi prestasi;keliru memenuhi prestasi.Dalam wanprestasi tidak diharuskan adanya minimal dua orang kreditur. Satu orang kreditur saja sudah cukup untuk mengajukan gugatan wanprestasi. Adapun gugatan wanprestasi dapat diajukan kepada Pengadilan Negeri setempat.Berdasarkan Pasal 1267 KUH Perdata, pihak dirugikan dapat memilih memaksa pihak yang lain untuk memenuhi persetujuan jika hal itu masih dapat dilakukan, atau menuntut pembatalan persetujuan, dengan penggantian biaya, kerugian dan bunga.Adapun pihak-pihak yang terlibat dalam proses persidangan wanprestasi hanya antara debitur dengan salah satu krediturnya sesuai ketentuan perjanjian atau perikatannya. Karena dalam suatu perkara wanprestasi, majelis hakim akan mempersilahkan para pihak untuk membuktikan dasar hukum dan fakta-fakta yang menyebabkan adanya gugatan wanprestasi tersebut.Dalam perkara wanprestasi, kreditur lain di luar dari perjanjian atau perikatan yang menjadi dasar hukum gugatan tidak bisa ikut serta dalam persidangan tersebut. Hal ini diperkuat dengan ketentuan Pasal 1340 KUH Perdata yang menyatakan bahwa persetujuan hanya berlaku antara pihak-pihak yang membuatnya. Persetujuan tidak dapat merugikan pihak ketiga; persetujuan tidak dapat memberikan keuntungan kepada pihak ketiga selain dalam hal yang ditentukan dalam Pasal 1317.Adapun akibat hukum jika majelis hakim pada Pengadilan Negeri setempat memberikan putusan wanprestasi, maka berdasarkan Pasal 1239 KUH Perdata debitur wajib memberikan penggantian biaya, kerugian, dan bunga.Perbedaan Kepailitan dan WanprestasiFaktor PembedaKepailitanWanprestasiPengertianSita umum atas semua kekayaan debitur pailit yang pengurusan dan pemberesannya dilakukan oleh kurator di bawah pengawasan hakim pengawas.Kelalaian debitur untuk memenuhi perjanjian.SyaratAda dua atau lebih kreditur; danDebitur tidak membayar lunas sedikitnya satu utang yang telah jatuh dan dapat ditagih.Ada perjanjian yang mengikat para pihak;Salah satu pihak ingkar atau melanggar perjanjian;Telah dinyatakan lalai, namun tetap tidak memenuhi perjanjian. Dalam wanprestasi tidak disyaratkan ada 2 kreditur. Satu kreditur cukup untuk mengajukan gugatan.Pihak yang terlibatDebitur pailit, kreditur, kurator dan hakim pengawasDebitur dengan salah satu krediturnya sesuai dengan perjanjian.Kompetensi pengadilanPengadilan NiagaPengadilan NegeriAkibat hukumDebitur demi hukum kehilangan haknya untuk menguasai dan mengurus kekayaannya yang termasuk dalam harta pailit, sejak tanggal putusan pernyataan pailit diucapkan.Debitur wajib memberikan penggantian biaya, kerugian dan bunga.Kemudian, menjawab pertanyaan Anda yang kedua kapan seseorang mengajukan permohonan pernyataan pailit dan kapan mengajukan gugatan wanprestasi, berdasarkan penjelasan di atas, maka hal tersebut tergantung pada mekanisme/strategi yang ingin dilakukan kreditur dan pemenuhan syaratnya.Selain itu, disarikan dari artikel Wanprestasi dan Kepailitan, Mana yang Didahulukan? jika terdapat kondisi dimana gugatan wanprestasi dan permohonan pernyataan pailit dilakukan dalam waktu yang sama, apabila putusan pernyataan pailit belum dijatuhkan, maka seluruh perkara yang berjalan (wanprestasi dan kepailitan) dapat berproses secara bersamaan.Namun, apabila putusan pernyataan pailit sudah dijatuhkan, maka segala gugatan yang sedang berjalan terhadap debitur yang tujuannya adalah pemenuhan kewajiban dari harta pailit gugur demi hukum.Demikian jawaban dari kami mengenai perbedaan kepailitan dan wanprestasi, semoga bermanfaat.DASAR HUKUMKitab Undang-Undang Hukum PerdataUndang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 tentang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran UtangYurispudensi:Yurisprudensi Mahkamah Agung Nomor 4/Yur/Pid/2018.REFERENSIM. Yahya Harahap. Segi-Segi Hukum Perjanjian. Cet. II, Bandung: Alumni, 1986;Riduan Syahrani. Seluk Beluk dan Asas-asas Hukum Perdata. Bandung: Alumni, 1989;Victor Situmorang & Soekarso. Pengantar Hukum Kepailitan di Indonesia. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 1994.[1] Victor Situmorang & Soekarso, Pengantar Hukum Kepailitan di Indonesia, Jakarta; Rineka Cipta, 1994, hal. 18.[2] Pasal 2 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 tentang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang (“UU KPKPU”)[3] Pasal 2 ayat (1) UU KPKPU[4] Pasal 1 angka 2, angka 3, angka 4, angka 5, angka 7, angka 8, UU KPKPU[5] Pasal 24 ayat (1) UU KPKPU[6] Pasal 8 ayat (4) UU KPKPU dan penjelasannya[7] Yahya Harahap, Segi-Segi Hukum Perjanjian, Cet. II, Bandung: Alumni, 1986, hal. 60.[8] Riduan Syahrani, Seluk Beluk dan Asas-asas Hukum Perdata, Bandung: Alumni, 1989, hal. 228 Tagsharta pailitkepailitankuhperkuhperdatapailitwanprestasi
Apa perbedaan kepailitan dan wanprestasi meskipun sama-sama mempunyai dua kreditur yang salah satunya jatuh tempo? Dan kapan orang dapat mengajukan kepailitan dan kapan wanprestasi?
Sama-sama dalam kondisi debitur memiliki utang kepada kreditur, namun terdapat perbedaan kepailitan dan wanprestasi. Kepailitan merupakan sita umum semua kekayaan debitur yang telah dinyatakan dalam keadaan pailit oleh Pengadilan Niaga yang berwenang. Sementara wanprestasi merupakan keadaan dimana debitur dinyatakan lalai melaksanakan kewajiban atas dasar suatu perikatan antara debitur dan kreditur. Selain itu, apa saja perbedaan antara kepailitan dan wanprestasi? Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Catat! 11 Asas Kepailitan yang Harus Kamu Tahu25 Jan 2023Batas Waktu Memasukkan Harta Debitur ke Harta Pailit11 Jan 2023Tugas Kurator dan Hakim Pengawas dalam Kepailitan04 Nov 20222 Syarat Kepailitan dan Penjelasannya 05 Agt 2022Catat! 11 Asas Kepailitan yang Harus Kamu Tahu25 Jan 2023Batas Waktu Memasukkan Harta Debitur ke Harta Pailit11 Jan 2023Tugas Kurator dan Hakim Pengawas dalam Kepailitan04 Nov 20222 Syarat Kepailitan dan Penjelasannya 05 Agt 2022Simak! Ini 5 Langkah Merger PT 22 Mei 2023Begini Cara Hitung Upah Lembur Pada Hari Raya Keagamaan12 Apr 2023Cara Pindah Kewarganegaraan WNI Menjadi WNA25 Mar 2024Simak! Ini 5 Langkah Merger PT 22 Mei 2023Begini Cara Hitung Upah Lembur Pada Hari Raya Keagamaan12 Apr 2023Cara Pindah Kewarganegaraan WNI Menjadi WNA25 Mar 2024
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/perbedaan-kepailitan-dan-wanprestasi-cl4703/
5 Perbedaan Kepailitan dan Wanprestasi
pages/152/page-7.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul _Beda Kepailitan dan Wanprestasi_ yang dibuat oleh [Shanti Rachmadsyah, S.H.](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/shanti-rachmadsyah--sh-lt4b9a1eb24a495), dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Rabu, 28 Juli 2010.** ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Catat! 11 Asas Kepailitan yang Harus Kamu Tahu ](/klinik/a/catat-11-asas-kepailitan-yang-harus-kamu-tahu-lt63d0e51c80e96/) ![Catat! 11 Asas Kepailitan yang Harus Kamu Tahu](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt63d0e51c80e96/thumbnail_lt63d0ebbdd7f15.jpg) 25 Jan 2023 [ #### Batas Waktu Memasukkan Harta Debitur ke Harta Pailit ](/klinik/a/batas-waktu-memasukkan-harta-debitur-ke-harta-pailit-cl6110/) ![Batas Waktu Memasukkan Harta Debitur ke Harta Pailit](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/cl6110/thumbnail_lt63be5d180f0b5.jpg) 11 Jan 2023 [ #### Tugas Kurator dan Hakim Pengawas dalam Kepailitan ](/klinik/a/tugas-kurator-dan-hakim-pengawas-dalam-kepailitan-cl738/) ![Tugas Kurator dan Hakim Pengawas dalam Kepailitan](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/cl738/thumbnail_lt5bed25559ea1f.jpg) 04 Nov 2022 [ #### 2 Syarat Kepailitan dan Penjelasannya ](/klinik/a/syarat-kepailitan-cl1266/) ![2 Syarat Kepailitan dan Penjelasannya ](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/cl1266/thumbnail_lt62ece6a30fd7b.jpg) 05 Agt 2022 [](#!) Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika)**.** ### **Apa itu Kepailitan?** Untuk menjawab pertanyaan Anda mengenai perbedaan kepailitan dan wanprestasi, kami akan membahas terlebih dahulu mengenai apa itu kepailitan dan wanprestasi. Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Pengertian kepailitan menurut **Pasal 1 angka 1 [UU KPKPU](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/20144/node/19/uu-no-37-tahun-2004-kepailitan-dan-penundaan-kewajiban-pembayaran-utang?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_37_2004)**, yaitu **sita umum atas semua kekayaan debitur pailit** yang pengurusan dan pemberesannya dilakukan oleh kurator di bawah pengawasan hakim pengawas sebagaimana diatur dalam UU KPKPU. Sementara, menurut **R. Subekti dan R. Tjitrosudibio** kepailitan merupakan keadaan seorang debitur apabila ia telah menghentikan pembayaran utang-utangnya. Suatu keadaan yang menghendaki campur tangan majelis hakim guna menjamin kepentingan bersama dari para krediturnya.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Adapun, **persyaratan** **pengajuan kepailitan** adalah:[\[2\]](#_ftn2) 1. debitur mempunyai dua atau lebih kreditur; dan 2. debitur tidak membayar lunas sedikitnya satu utang yang telah jatuh waktu dan dapat ditagih. Debitur yang memenuhi persyaratan tersebut dinyatakan pailit oleh putusan pengadilan, baik atas permohonannya sendiri maupun atas permohonan satu atau lebih krediturnya.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Terkait dengan syarat kepailitan, dapat Anda baca selengkapnya di dalam artikel [**2 Syarat Kepailitan dan Penjelasannya**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/kepailitan-cl1266?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=syarat_kepailitan)**.** Dalam proses kepailitan, **pihak-pihak yang terlibat** antara lain debitur pailit, kreditur, kurator dan hakim pengawas pada Pengadilan Niaga[\[4\]](#_ftn4) yang terdapat pada Pengadilan Negeri Medan, Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Pusat, Pengadilan Negeri Semarang, Pengadilan Negeri Surabaya dan Pengadilan Negeri Makassar. Selain itu juga dalam proses kepailitan **melibatkan seluruh pihak yang menjadi kreditur.** Hal ini sebagaimana dimaksud dalam **Pasal 115 ayat (1) UU KPKPU** yang mewajibkan semua kreditur menyerahkan piutangnya masing-masing kepada kurator disertai perhitungan atau keterangan tertulis lainnya yang menunjukkan sifat dan jumlah piutang, disertai dengan surat bukti atau salinannya, dan suatu pernyataan ada atau tidaknya Kreditor mempunyai suatu hak istimewa, hak gadai, jaminan fidusia, hak tanggungan, hipotek, hak agunan atas kebendaan lainnya, atau hak untuk menahan benda. Adapun akibat hukum bagi debitur setelah dinyatakan pailit yaitu **debitur demi hukum kehilangan haknya** **untuk menguasai dan mengurus kekayaannya** yang termasuk dalam harta pailit, sejak tanggal putusan pernyataan pailit diucapkan.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) Apabila dalam proses pengajuan kepailitan tersebut tidak dapat dibuktikan fakta atau keadaannya secara sederhana yaitu fakta utang yang telah jatuh waktu dan tidak dibayar, sedangkan perbedaan jumlah utang yang didalilkan pemohon dan termohon pailit tidak menghalangi jatuhnya putusan pernyataan pailit,[\[6\]](#_ftn6) maka terhadap semua utang yang dimiliki debitur dapat diajukan wanprestasi. ### **Pengertian Wanprestasi** Wanprestasi menurut **Pasal 1238 [KUH Perdata](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17229/node/686?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHPerdata)** merupakan suatu keadaan dimana debitur dinyatakan lalai dengan surat perintah, atau dengan akta sejenis itu, berdasarkan kekuatan dari perikatan sendiri, yaitu bila perikatan ini mengakibatkan debitur harus dianggap lalai dengan lewatnya waktu yang ditentukan. Menurut **M. Yahya Harahap**, wanprestasi merupakan pelaksanaan perjanjian yang tidak tepat waktunya atau dilakukan tidak menurut selayaknya atau tidak dilaksanakan sama sekali.[\[7\]](#_ftn7) Pendapat tersebut diperkuat dengan **[Yurisprudensi MA No. 4/Yur/Pid/2018](https://putusan3.mahkamahagung.go.id/yurisprudensi/detail/11eae84bf603f56082e7313635393133.html)** yang menyatakan para pihak yang tidak memenuhi kewajiban dalam perjanjian yang dibuat secara sah bukan penipuan, namun wanprestasi yang masuk dalam ranah keperdataan, kecuali jika perjanjian tersebut didasari dengan iktikad buruk/tidak baik. Baca juga: **[Pengertian Wanprestasi, Akibat, dan Cara Menyelesaikannya](https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/unsur-dan-cara-menyelesaikan-wanprestasi-lt62174878376c7/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pengertian_wanprestasi)** Selanjutnya terkait **syarat wanprestasi** sebagaimana **Pasal 1243 KUH Perdata** yang menyatakan bahwa penggantian biaya, kerugian dan bunga karena **tak dipenuhinya suatu perikatan** mulai diwajibkan, bila debitur, walaupun telah dinyatakan lalai, **tetapi lalai untuk memenuhi perikatan** itu, atau jika sesuatu yang harus diberikan atau dilakukan hanya dapat diberikan atau dilakukannya dalam waktu yang melampaui waktu yang telah ditentukan. Sehingga syarat wanprestasi dapat diuraikan sebagai berikut: 1. Terdapat perjanjian yang mengikat para pihak; 2. Terdapat salah satu pihak yang ingkar janji atau melanggar perjanjian tersebut; 3. Para pihak telah dinyatakan lalai, namun tetap tidak memenuhi isi perjanjian. Wanprestasi dapat berbentuk:[\[8\]](#_ftn8) 1. sama sekali tidak memenuhi prestasi; 2. tidak tunai memenuhi prestasi; 3. terlambat memenuhi prestasi; 4. keliru memenuhi prestasi. Dalam wanprestasi tidak diharuskan adanya minimal dua orang kreditur. Satu orang kreditur saja sudah cukup untuk mengajukan gugatan wanprestasi. Adapun gugatan wanprestasi dapat diajukan kepada Pengadilan Negeri setempat. Berdasarkan **Pasal 1267 KUH Perdata,** pihak dirugikan dapat memilih memaksa pihak yang lain untuk memenuhi persetujuan jika hal itu masih dapat dilakukan, atau menuntut pembatalan persetujuan, dengan penggantian biaya, kerugian dan bunga. Adapun pihak-pihak yang terlibat dalam proses persidangan wanprestasi hanya antara **debitur dengan salah satu krediturnya** sesuai ketentuan perjanjian atau perikatannya. Karena dalam suatu perkara wanprestasi, majelis hakim akan mempersilahkan para pihak untuk membuktikan dasar hukum dan fakta-fakta yang menyebabkan adanya gugatan wanprestasi tersebut. Dalam perkara wanprestasi, kreditur lain di luar dari perjanjian atau perikatan yang menjadi dasar hukum gugatan tidak bisa ikut serta dalam persidangan tersebut. Hal ini diperkuat dengan ketentuan **Pasal 1340 KUH Perdata** yang menyatakan bahwa persetujuan hanya berlaku antara pihak-pihak yang membuatnya. Persetujuan tidak dapat merugikan pihak ketiga; persetujuan tidak dapat memberikan keuntungan kepada pihak ketiga selain dalam hal yang ditentukan dalam Pasal 1317. Adapun **akibat hukum** jika majelis hakim pada Pengadilan Negeri setempat memberikan putusan wanprestasi, maka berdasarkan **Pasal 1239 KUH Perdata** debitur wajib memberikan penggantian biaya, kerugian, dan bunga. **Perbedaan Kepailitan dan Wanprestasi** **Faktor Pembeda** **Kepailitan** **Wanprestasi** Pengertian Sita umum atas semua kekayaan debitur pailit yang pengurusan dan pemberesannya dilakukan oleh kurator di bawah pengawasan hakim pengawas. Kelalaian debitur untuk memenuhi perjanjian. Syarat 1. Ada dua atau lebih kreditur; dan 2. Debitur tidak membayar lunas sedikitnya satu utang yang telah jatuh dan dapat ditagih. 1. Ada perjanjian yang mengikat para pihak; 2. Salah satu pihak ingkar atau melanggar perjanjian; 3. Telah dinyatakan lalai, namun tetap tidak memenuhi perjanjian. Dalam wanprestasi tidak disyaratkan ada 2 kreditur. Satu kreditur cukup untuk mengajukan gugatan. Pihak yang terlibat Debitur pailit, kreditur, kurator dan hakim pengawas Debitur dengan salah satu krediturnya sesuai dengan perjanjian. Kompetensi pengadilan Pengadilan Niaga Pengadilan Negeri Akibat hukum Debitur demi hukum kehilangan haknya untuk menguasai dan mengurus kekayaannya yang termasuk dalam harta pailit, sejak tanggal putusan pernyataan pailit diucapkan. Debitur wajib memberikan penggantian biaya, kerugian dan bunga. Kemudian, menjawab pertanyaan Anda yang kedua kapan seseorang mengajukan permohonan pernyataan pailit dan kapan mengajukan gugatan wanprestasi, berdasarkan penjelasan di atas, maka hal tersebut tergantung pada mekanisme/strategi yang ingin dilakukan kreditur dan pemenuhan syaratnya. Selain itu, disarikan dari artikel **[Wanprestasi dan Kepailitan, Mana yang Didahulukan?](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/wanprestasi-dan-kepailitan--mana-yang-didahulukan-lt608684c7f131a/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=wanprestasi_kepailitan)** jika terdapat kondisi dimana gugatan wanprestasi dan permohonan pernyataan pailit dilakukan dalam waktu yang sama, apabila putusan pernyataan pailit belum dijatuhkan, maka seluruh perkara yang berjalan (wanprestasi dan kepailitan) dapat berproses secara bersamaan. Namun, apabila putusan pernyataan pailit sudah dijatuhkan, maka segala gugatan yang sedang berjalan terhadap debitur yang tujuannya adalah pemenuhan kewajiban dari harta pailit gugur demi hukum. Demikian jawaban dari kami mengenai perbedaan kepailitan dan wanprestasi, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17229/node/686?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHPerdata) Undang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 tentang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/20144/node/19/uu-no-37-tahun-2004-kepailitan-dan-penundaan-kewajiban-pembayaran-utang?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_37_2004) Yurispudensi: [Yurisprudensi Mahkamah Agung Nomor 4/Yur/Pid/2018](https://putusan3.mahkamahagung.go.id/yurisprudensi/detail/11eae84bf603f56082e7313635393133.html). REFERENSI --------- 1. M. Yahya Harahap. _Segi-Segi Hukum Perjanjian_. Cet. II, Bandung: Alumni, 1986; 2. Riduan Syahrani. _Seluk Beluk dan Asas-asas Hukum Perdata._ Bandung: Alumni, 1989; 3. Victor Situmorang & Soekarso. _Pengantar Hukum Kepailitan di Indonesia_. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 1994. * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Victor Situmorang & Soekarso, _Pengantar Hukum Kepailitan di Indonesia_, Jakarta; Rineka Cipta, 1994, hal. 18. [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal 2 ayat (1) [Undang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 tentang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/20144/node/19/uu-no-37-tahun-2004-kepailitan-dan-penundaan-kewajiban-pembayaran-utang?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_37_2004) (“UU KPKPU”) [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 2 ayat (1) UU KPKPU [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 1 angka 2, angka 3, angka 4, angka 5, angka 7, angka 8, UU KPKPU [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Pasal 24 ayat (1) UU KPKPU [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Pasal 8 ayat (4) UU KPKPU dan penjelasannya [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Yahya Harahap, _Segi-Segi Hukum Perjanjian_, Cet. II, Bandung: Alumni, 1986, hal. 60. [\[8\]](#_ftnref8) Riduan Syahrani, _Seluk Beluk dan Asas-asas Hukum Perdata,_ Bandung: Alumni, 1989, hal. 228 Tags ---- [harta pailit](/tag/harta-pailit) [kepailitan](/tag/kepailitan) [kuhper](/tag/kuhper) [kuhperdata](/tag/kuhperdata) [pailit](/tag/pailit) [wanprestasi](/tag/wanprestasi)
ULASAN LENGKAPThis article is an English translation of Syarat dan Prosedur Mempekerjakan TKA untuk Sementara written by Dian Dwi Jayanti, S.H., and was published on Tuesday, 21 March 2023.This article below is the second update with the same title, which was first written by Alfin Sulaiman, S.H., M.H. and first published on Monday, 7 December 2015, and first updated on Friday, 16 September 2022 by David Christian, S.H.All legal information available on Klinik hukumonline.com has been prepared for educational purposes only and is general in nature (read the complete Disclaimer). In order to obtain legal advice specific to your case, please consult with Justika Partner Consultant.The Requirements to Employ Foreign Workers in IndonesiaPrior to answering your question, we should first understand what is meant by a Foreign Worker (Tenaga Kerja Asing/ “TKA”) who is a Foreign Citizen (Warga Negara Asing/ “WNA”) who holds a visa with the intention to work in Indonesian territory.[1] Foreign workers may be employed in Indonesia only in an employment relationship for certain positions and a specified period as well as having competence in accordance with positions that will be occupied.[2]Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Those who may provide employment/work to Foreign Workers are referred to as Foreign Worker Employers a.k.a. Pemberi Kerja TKA in Bahasa Indonesia, which include:[3]government agencies, representatives of foreign countries, and international agencies;foreign trade representative offices, foreign company representative offices, and foreign news agencies operating in Indonesia;foreign private companies operating in Indonesia;legal entities in the form of a Limited-Liability Company or Foundation, which are established based on Indonesian law or foreign business entities which are registered with the authorized agency, and are exempted for limited-liability companies in the form of individual legal entities;social, religious, educational, and cultural institutions;impresario businesses; and other business entities provided that they are allowed by the law to recruit Foreign Workers.Furthermore, any employer who employs foreign workers must possess a Foreign Workers Recruitment Plan (“Rencana Penggunaan Tenaga Kerja Asing/ “RPTKA”) that is validated by the Central Government.[4] RPTKA is a plan for the recruitment of TKA in certain positions and for a certain period.[5]Moreover, for RPTKA, a validation must be conducted, or the approval for the recruitment of Foreign Workers which is validated by the minister in charge of government affairs in the manpower sector or the appointed officials.[6] The Validation of RPTKA consists of:[7]RPTKA for temporary work, granted for a maximum period of 6 (six) months and cannot be extended;RPTKA for work more than 6 (six) months, granted directly for a maximum period of 2 (two) years and may be extended;RPTKA non-DKPTKA, granted directly for a maximum period of 2 (two) years and may be extended;RPTKA KEK, granted for a maximum period of 5 (five) years and may be extended. Meanwhile, the position of the board of directors or commissioners, shall be given once and is valid as long as the TKA concerned becomes a board of directors or commissioners.According to your question, since the Foreign Workers you are referring to will only work for a few days, we will assume that the Foreign Workers are temporary. Thus, the application for RPTKA Validation for temporary works shall be granted for the following activities:[8]commercial film-making and has obtained a permit from the authorized agency;audit, production quality control, or inspection in a branch company in Indonesia for a period of more than 1 (one) month;works related to the installation of machinery, electrical, after-sales service, or products that are in the business exploration period;impresario service business; orworks that are finished at once or works that are less than 6 (six) months.Thus, based on the abovementioned provisions, in order to answer your question that you are looking to hire TKA from Vietnam to conduct reparations in Indonesia within a few days, in our opinion, you should submit an RPTKA validation application for temporary work.Procedure for Application for RPTKA Validation for Temporary WorksThe application for RPTKA Validation for temporary works shall be submitted online through the TKA Online by:[9]filling out data application that contains:identity of the TKA Employer;reasons for TKA utilization;positions that will be occupied by TKA;number of TKA;TKA utilization period; andTKA work location. uploading documents in the form of:an application letter for RPTKA Validation;an assignment letter or a power of attorney from the head of the TKA Employer;NIB and/or business license of the TKA Employer;deed and decision on the validation of establishment and/or amendment from the authorized agency;proof of manpower mandatory report in the company;domicile of the TKA Employer; anddraft of the employment agreement or other agreements.Furthermore, the feasibility assessment of RPTKA Validation shall be conducted by the Director-General or the Director since the application for RPTKA Validation is declared complete and valid.[10] The feasibility assessment of RPTKA Validation shall be conducted face-to-face through online means.[11] The Director-General or Director shall issue the feasibility assessment result within 2 (two) business days at the latest since the implementation date of the feasibility assessment is declared feasible based on the feasibility assessment.[12]Based on the feasibility assessment result, the Foreign Worker Employers shall submit data of Foreign Worker candidates via online means to the Director through the TKA Online by:[13] filling out data application of Foreign Worker candidates that consists of:identity of Foreign Worker, consisting of the name of the Foreign Worker, place of birth, date of birth, sex, education, marital status, nationality, passport number, passport expiration date, passport issuance place, residential address, postal code, e-mail address, and phone number;position of the Foreign Worker and Foreign Worker work period;Foreign Worker work location;insurance policy number or membership number in the social security for employment program; anddetermination of code and Foreign Worker domicile location.  uploading:Foreign Worker documents in the form of:education diploma;competency certificates or work experience;an employment agreement or other agreements with the Foreign Worker Employer;nationality passport of the Foreign Worker (in color); and4x6 color passport photo with red background. the Foreign Worker Employer documents, in the form of:an application letter for RPTKA Validation;an assignment letter or a power of attorney from the head of the Foreign Worker Employer;an application letter to the Director-General of Immigration for application of visa for work;current or savings account of the Foreign Worker Employer;an approval letter of IDR0.00 (zero rupiah);a statement letter of assignment for Foreign Worker Understudy Workers; anda statement letter of the Foreign Worker Employer as the Foreign Worker guarantor.As information, the provisions on the statement letter of assignment for Foreign Worker Understudy Workers shall be exempted one of them is for temporary work.[14]In the event that the data of the Foreign Worker candidate is ready at the time of application of the RPTKA Validation, the Foreign Worker Employer may submit it at once by filling out the data application of the Foreign Worker candidate and uploading document requirements for the Foreign Worker candidate through the TKA Online.[15] Based on the data of Foreign Worker candidate that has been submitted online through the TKA Online, the Director shall conduct a verification within 2 (two) business days at the latest.[16] Then, in the event that the data of the Foreign Worker candidate is declared complete and valid, the Director shall issue a notification letter for Compensation Fund for the Utilization of TKA (Dana Kompensasi Penggunaan TKA/ “DKPTKA”) payment to the Foreign Worker Employer, and after the payment of DKPTKA, the Director shall issue RPTKA Validation.[17]Requirements to employ Foreign Workers along with the complete procedure can be found in the TKA Online HandbookAlso read: Requirements for Foreign Workers to Work in IndonesiaSubmission of Data on Prospective Foreign Workers for Visa Recommendations and Stay PermitsIn addition to requiring RPTKA validation for temporary work, Foreign Workers who will work in Indonesia also require visas and stay permits. The RPTKA Validation as referred shall be used as a recommendation to obtain visas and stay permits for work purposes for Foreign Workers.[18]Limited or temporary stay permit visas are granted for working foreigners,[19] in this case, one of them is for the activity of installing and repairing machines.[20]Application for temporary stay permit visas in order to work may be submitted by Guarantor to the Immigration Official at the Directorate General of Immigration through application by enclosing:[21]letter of guarantee from the Guarantor who is the employer of the Foreigner;Legal and Valid Nationality Passport:minimum of 12 (twelve) months for those who will work in the Indonesian territory for a maximum of 180 (one hundred and eighty) days;minimum of 18 (eighteen) months for those who will work or stay in the Indonesian territory for a maximum of 1 (one) year; orminimum of 30 (thirty) months for those who will work or stay in the Indonesian territory for a maximum of 2 (two) years. proof of having the cost of living for themselves and/or their families during their stay in the Indonesian territory of at least US$2000 (two thousand US dollars) or its equivalent;2 (two) recent color photographs with a size of 4 cm x 6 cm (four centimeters by six centimeters);proof of insurance ownership in an insurance company with an Indonesian legal entity which includes health financing as long as the Foreigner is in Indonesian territory; andletter of recommendation from the authorized agency in charge of manpower or other relevant agencies.Also read: Types of Indonesian Visas and Their UsesIn conclusion, in order to hire employees from Vietnam in order to carry out reparations in Indonesia for several days, you will need to submit an RPTKA validation application for temporary work. In addition, you must also submit the data of the prospective Foreign Worker to the Immigration Official at the Directorate-General of Immigration in order to obtain a visa and limited stay permit as long as the Foreign Worker is working in Indonesia.Enrich your legal research with the latest bilingual legal analysis, as well as the collection of regulatory translations integrated into Hukumonline Pro, click here to learn more.These are the answers we can provide, we hope you will find them useful.Legal Basis:Law Number 13 of 2003 on Manpower;Regulation of the Government in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation;Regulation of the Government Number 34 of 2021 on the Recruitment of Foreign Workers;Regulation of the Minister of Manpower Number 8 of 2021 on Implementing Regulation of Regulation of the Government Number 34 of 2021 on the Utilization of Foreign Workers;Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights Number 29 of 2021 on Visa and Stay Permit;Reference:Buku Panduan TKA Online, accessed on Monday, 20 March 2023 at 14.00 West Indonesian Time (zone);TKA Online, accessed on Monday, 20 March 2023 at 14.00 West Indonesian Time (zone).[1] Article 1 number 13 Law Number 13 of 2003 on Manpower (“Law 13/2003”).[2] Article 81 number 4 Regulation of the Government in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation (“Perppu 2/2022”) that has been passed into Law on 21 March 2023, which amended Article 42 section (4) Law 13/2003.[3] Article 3 section (1) jo. section (2) Regulation of the Government Number 34 of 2021 on the Recruitment of Foreign Workers (“Government Regulation 34/2021”).[4] Article 81 number 4 Perppu 2/2022 that has been passed into Law on 21 March 2023, which amended Article 42 section (1) Law 13/2003.[5] Article 1 number 4 Government Regulation 34/2021.[6] Article 1 number 5 Government Regulation 34/2021.[7] Article 16 jo. Article 17 Government Regulation 34/2021.[8] Article 8 Regulation of the Minister of Manpower Number 8 of 2021 on Implementing Regulation of Regulation of the Government Number 34 of 2021 on the Utilization of Foreign Workers (“Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 8/2021”).[9] Article 9 Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 8/2021.[10] Article 13 section (1) Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 8/2021.[11] Article 14 section (1) Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 8/2021.[12] Article 14 section (2) Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 8/2021.[13] Article 15 section (1) Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 8/2021.[14] Article 15 section (3) huruf d Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 8/2021.[15] Article 17 Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 8/2021.[16] Article 18 section (1) Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 8/2021.[17] Article 19 section (1) and (2) Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 8/2021.[18] Article 21 section (1) Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 8/2021.[19] Article 29 section (1) letter a Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights Number 29 of 2021 on Visa and Stay Permit (“Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights 29/2021”).[20] Article 30 section (1) letter i Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights 29/2021.[21] Article 32 section (1) Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights 29/2021.Tagsklinik english edition
Our company is having issues with imported goods from Vietnam. If we bring in employees from Vietnamese companies to carry out reparations in Indonesia, is this allowed? It takes about 5 to 10 operators from there. Are there any specific requirements as they will only work for a few days? Thank you.
Any employer who employs Foreign Workers (Tenaga Kerja Asing/ “TKA”) for temporary work needs to have a Foreign Workers Recruitment Plan (“Rencana Penggunaan Tenaga Kerja Asing/ “RPTKA”) which is validated by the Central Government. What are the requirements for RPTKA validation? Are there any other requirements besides RPTKA ownership? Please read the review below for a further explanation.   Somasi: Pengertian, Dasar Hukum, dan Cara Membuatnya 7 Jun 2023Kiat-kiat Membeli Tanah Girik yang Aman4 Jun 2024Jika Polisi Menolak Laporan Masyarakat, Lakukan Ini15 Jan 2024Somasi: Pengertian, Dasar Hukum, dan Cara Membuatnya 7 Jun 2023Kiat-kiat Membeli Tanah Girik yang Aman4 Jun 2024Jika Polisi Menolak Laporan Masyarakat, Lakukan Ini15 Jan 2024
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/requirements-and-procedures-to-employ-temporary-foreign-workers-lt64229a6a5866e/
Requirements and Procedures to Employ Temporary Foreign Workers
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- This article is an English translation of **_[Syarat dan Prosedur Mempekerjakan TKA untuk Sementara](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/syarat-mempekerjakan-tka-lt55ef8e7d49717#_ftn19?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=syarat_dan_prosedur_tka_sementara)_** written by [**Dian Dwi Jayanti, S.H.**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/dian-dwi-jayanti--sh-lt6374680d16d2f), and was published on Tuesday, 21 March 2023. **This article below is the second update with the same title, which was first written by** [**Alfin Sulaiman, S.H., M.H.**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/arkananta-vennootschap-lt5396d67d3687b/alfin-sulaiman-sh-mh-lt4c0e322d325fe) **and first published on Monday, 7 December 2015, and first updated on Friday, 16 September 2022 by** [**David Christian, S.H.**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/david-christian--sh-lt627ca02b8b57d) All legal information available on Klinik hukumonline.com has been prepared for educational purposes only and is general in nature (read the complete [**Disclaimer**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer)). In order to obtain legal advice specific to your case, please consult with [**Justika Partner Consultant**](https://www.justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **The Requirements to Employ Foreign Workers in Indonesia** Prior to answering your question, we should first understand what is meant by a Foreign Worker ([Tenaga Kerja Asing](https://www.hukumonline.com/kamus/t/tenaga-kerja-asing)/ “TKA”) who is a Foreign Citizen ([Warga Negara Asing](https://www.hukumonline.com/kamus/w/warga-negara-asing)/ “WNA”) who holds a [visa](https://www.hukumonline.com/kamus/v/visa) with the intention to work in Indonesian territory.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Foreign workers may be employed in Indonesia only in an employment relationship for certain positions and a specified period as well as having competence in accordance with positions that will be occupied.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Those who may provide employment/work to Foreign Workers are referred to as Foreign Worker Employers a.k.a. [_Pemberi Kerja TKA_](https://www.hukumonline.com/kamus/p/pemberi-kerja-tenaga-kerja-asing) in _Bahasa Indonesia_, which include:[\[3\]](#_ftn3) 1. government agencies, representatives of foreign countries, and international agencies; 2. foreign trade representative offices, foreign company representative offices, and foreign news agencies operating in Indonesia; 3. foreign private companies operating in Indonesia; 4. legal entities in the form of a Limited-Liability Company or Foundation, which are established based on Indonesian law or foreign business entities which are registered with the authorized agency, and are exempted for limited-liability companies in the form of individual legal entities; 5. social, religious, educational, and cultural institutions; 6. impresario businesses; and 7. other business entities provided that they are allowed by the law to recruit Foreign Workers. Furthermore, any employer who employs foreign workers must possess a Foreign Workers Recruitment Plan (“[Rencana Penggunaan Tenaga Kerja Asing](https://www.hukumonline.com/kamus/r/rencana-penggunaan-tenaga-kerja-asing)/ “RPTKA”) that is validated by the Central Government.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) RPTKA is a plan for the recruitment of TKA in certain positions and for a certain period.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) Moreover, for RPTKA, a validation must be conducted, or the approval for the recruitment of Foreign Workers which is validated by the minister in charge of government affairs in the manpower sector or the appointed officials.[\[6\]](#_ftn6) The Validation of RPTKA consists of:[\[7\]](#_ftn7) 1. RPTKA for temporary work, granted for a maximum period of 6 (six) months and cannot be extended; 2. RPTKA for work more than 6 (six) months, granted directly for a maximum period of 2 (two) years and may be extended; 3. RPTKA non-DKPTKA, granted directly for a maximum period of 2 (two) years and may be extended; 4. RPTKA KEK, granted for a maximum period of 5 (five) years and may be extended. Meanwhile, the position of the board of directors or commissioners, shall be given once and is valid as long as the TKA concerned becomes a board of directors or commissioners. According to your question, since the Foreign Workers you are referring to will only work for a few days, we will assume that the Foreign Workers are temporary. Thus, the application for RPTKA Validation for temporary works shall be granted for the following activities:[\[8\]](#_ftn8) 1. commercial film-making and has obtained a permit from the authorized agency; 2. audit, production quality control, or inspection in a branch company in Indonesia for a period of more than 1 (one) month; 3. **works related to the installation of machinery**, electrical, after-sales service, or products that are in the business exploration period; 4. impresario service business; or 5. **works that are finished at once or works that are less than 6 (six) months**. Thus, based on the abovementioned provisions, in order to answer your question that you are looking to hire TKA from Vietnam to conduct reparations in Indonesia within a few days, in our opinion, you should submit an RPTKA validation application for temporary work. ### **Procedure for Application for RPTKA Validation for Temporary Works** The application for RPTKA Validation for temporary works shall be submitted online through the [**TKA Online**](https://tka-online.kemnaker.go.id/) by:[\[9\]](#_ftn9) 1. filling out data application that contains: 1. identity of the TKA Employer; 2. reasons for TKA utilization; 3. positions that will be occupied by TKA; 4. number of TKA; 5. TKA utilization period; and 6. TKA work location. 2. uploading documents in the form of: 1. an application letter for RPTKA Validation; 2. an assignment letter or a power of attorney from the head of the TKA Employer; 3. NIB and/or business license of the TKA Employer; 4. deed and decision on the validation of establishment and/or amendment from the authorized agency; 5. proof of manpower mandatory report in the company; 6. domicile of the TKA Employer; and 7. draft of the employment agreement or other agreements. Furthermore, the feasibility assessment of RPTKA Validation shall be conducted by the Director-General or the Director since the application for RPTKA Validation is declared complete and valid.[\[10\]](#_ftn10) The feasibility assessment of RPTKA Validation shall be conducted face-to-face through online means.[\[11\]](#_ftn11) The Director-General or Director shall issue the feasibility assessment result within 2 (two) business days at the latest since the implementation date of the feasibility assessment is declared feasible based on the feasibility assessment.[\[12\]](#_ftn12) Based on the feasibility assessment result, the Foreign Worker Employers shall submit data of Foreign Worker candidates via online means to the Director through the TKA Online by:[\[13\]](#_ftn13) 1. filling out data application of Foreign Worker candidates that consists of: 1. identity of Foreign Worker, consisting of the name of the Foreign Worker, place of birth, date of birth, sex, education, marital status, nationality, passport number, passport expiration date, passport issuance place, residential address, postal code, e-mail address, and phone number; 2. position of the Foreign Worker and Foreign Worker work period; 3. Foreign Worker work location; 4. insurance policy number or membership number in the social security for employment program; and 5. determination of code and Foreign Worker domicile location. 2. uploading: 1. Foreign Worker documents in the form of: 1. education diploma; 2. competency certificates or work experience; 3. an employment agreement or other agreements with the Foreign Worker Employer; 4. nationality passport of the Foreign Worker (in color); and 5. 4x6 color passport photo with red background. 2. the Foreign Worker Employer documents, in the form of: 1. an application letter for RPTKA Validation; 2. an assignment letter or a power of attorney from the head of the Foreign Worker Employer; 3. an application letter to the Director-General of Immigration for application of visa for work; 4. current or savings account of the Foreign Worker Employer; 5. an approval letter of IDR0.00 (zero rupiah); 6. a statement letter of assignment for Foreign Worker Understudy Workers; and 7. a statement letter of the Foreign Worker Employer as the Foreign Worker guarantor. As information, the provisions on the statement letter of assignment for Foreign Worker Understudy Workers shall be exempted one of them is for temporary work.[\[14\]](#_ftn14) In the event that the data of the Foreign Worker candidate is ready at the time of application of the RPTKA Validation, the Foreign Worker Employer may submit it at once by filling out the data application of the Foreign Worker candidate and uploading document requirements for the Foreign Worker candidate through the TKA Online.[\[15\]](#_ftn15) Based on the data of Foreign Worker candidate that has been submitted online through the TKA Online, the Director shall conduct a verification within 2 (two) business days at the latest.[\[16\]](#_ftn16) Then, in the event that the data of the Foreign Worker candidate is declared complete and valid, the Director shall issue a notification letter for Compensation Fund for the Utilization of TKA ([Dana Kompensasi Penggunaan TKA](https://www.hukumonline.com/kamus/d/dana-kompensasi-penggunaan-tka)/ “DKPTKA”) payment to the Foreign Worker Employer, and after the payment of DKPTKA, the Director shall issue RPTKA Validation.[\[17\]](#_ftn17) Requirements to employ Foreign Workers along with the complete procedure can be found in the [**TKA Online Handbook**](https://tka-online.kemnaker.go.id/pdf/BukuPanduanTKAOnline.pdf) Also read: [**Requirements for Foreign Workers to Work in Indonesia**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/requirements-for-foreign-workers-to-work-in-indonesia-lt63e38e52bf30d?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=requirements_for_foreign_workers_in_indo) ### **Submission of Data on Prospective Foreign Workers for Visa Recommendations and Stay Permits** In addition to requiring RPTKA validation for temporary work, Foreign Workers who will work in Indonesia also require visas and stay permits. The RPTKA Validation as referred shall be used as a recommendation to obtain visas and stay permits for work purposes for Foreign Workers.[\[18\]](#_ftn18) Limited or temporary stay permit visas are granted for working foreigners,[\[19\]](#_ftn19) in this case, one of them is for the activity of installing and repairing machines.[\[20\]](#_ftn20) Application for temporary stay permit visas in order to work may be submitted by Guarantor to the Immigration Official at the Directorate General of Immigration through application by enclosing:[\[21\]](#_ftn21) 1. letter of guarantee from the Guarantor who is the employer of the Foreigner; 2. Legal and Valid Nationality Passport: 1. minimum of 12 (twelve) months for those who will work in the Indonesian territory for a maximum of 180 (one hundred and eighty) days; 2. minimum of 18 (eighteen) months for those who will work or stay in the Indonesian territory for a maximum of 1 (one) year; or 3. minimum of 30 (thirty) months for those who will work or stay in the Indonesian territory for a maximum of 2 (two) years. 3. proof of having the cost of living for themselves and/or their families during their stay in the Indonesian territory of at least US$2000 (two thousand US dollars) or its equivalent; 4. 2 (two) recent color photographs with a size of 4 cm x 6 cm (four centimeters by six centimeters); 5. proof of insurance ownership in an insurance company with an Indonesian legal entity which includes health financing as long as the Foreigner is in Indonesian territory; and 6. letter of recommendation from the authorized agency in charge of manpower or other relevant agencies. Also read: [**Types of Indonesian Visas and Their Uses**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/types-of-indonesian-visas-and-their-uses-lt63dcb3b5c4a04/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=types_of_visas) In conclusion, in order to hire employees from Vietnam in order to carry out reparations in Indonesia for several days, you will need to submit an RPTKA validation application for temporary work. In addition, you must also submit the data of the prospective Foreign Worker to the Immigration Official at the Directorate-General of Immigration in order to obtain a visa and limited stay permit as long as the Foreign Worker is working in Indonesia. Enrich your legal research with the latest bilingual legal analysis, as well as the collection of regulatory translations integrated into Hukumonline Pro, click [**here**](https://pro.hukumonline.com/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=cta&utm_campaign=artikel_klinik) to learn more. These are the answers we can provide, we hope you will find them useful. Legal Basis: 1. [Law Number 13 of 2003 on Manpower](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13146/undangundang-nomor-13-tahun-2003/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_13_2003); 2. [Regulation of the Government in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022/translations?utm_medium=internal_link_klinik); 3. [Regulation of the Government Number 34 of 2021 on the Recruitment of Foreign Workers](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt60322aa20df10/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-34-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_34_2021); 4. [Regulation of the Minister of Manpower Number 8 of 2021 on Implementing Regulation of Regulation of the Government Number 34 of 2021 on the Utilization of Foreign Workers](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6098d852a541a/peraturan-menteri-ketenagakerjaan-nomor-8-tahun-2021/translations?utm_medium=internal_link_klinik); 5. [Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights Number 29 of 2021 on Visa and Stay Permit](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt622f4923764d3/peraturan-menteri-hukum-dan-hak-asasi-manusia-nomor-29-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=Permenkumham_29_2021); Reference: 1. [Buku Panduan TKA Online](https://tka-online.kemnaker.go.id/pdf/BukuPanduanTKAOnline.pdf), accessed on Monday, 20 March 2023 at 14.00 West Indonesian Time (zone); 2. [TKA _Online_](https://tka-online.kemnaker.go.id/), accessed on Monday, 20 March 2023 at 14.00 West Indonesian Time (zone). * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Article 1 number 13 [Law Number 13 of 2003 on Manpower](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13146/undangundang-nomor-13-tahun-2003/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_13_2003) (“Law 13/2003”). [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Article 81 number 4 [Regulation of the Government in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022/translations?utm_medium=internal_link_klinik) (“Perppu 2/2022”) that has been passed into Law on 21 March 2023, which amended Article 42 section (4) Law 13/2003. [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Article 3 section (1) _jo._ section (2) [Regulation of the Government Number 34 of 2021 on the Recruitment of Foreign Workers](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt60322aa20df10/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-34-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_34_2021) (“Government Regulation 34/2021”). [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Article 81 number 4 Perppu 2/2022 that has been passed into Law on 21 March 2023, which amended Article 42 section (1) Law 13/2003. [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Article 1 number 4 Government Regulation 34/2021. [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Article 1 number 5 Government Regulation 34/2021. [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Article 16 _jo._ Article 17 Government Regulation 34/2021. [\[8\]](#_ftnref8) Article 8 [Regulation of the Minister of Manpower Number 8 of 2021 on Implementing Regulation of Regulation of the Government Number 34 of 2021 on the Utilization of Foreign Workers](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6098d852a541a/peraturan-menteri-ketenagakerjaan-nomor-8-tahun-2021/translations?utm_medium=internal_link_klinik) (“Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 8/2021”). [\[9\]](#_ftnref9) Article 9 Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 8/2021. [\[10\]](#_ftnref10) Article 13 section (1) Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 8/2021. [\[11\]](#_ftnref11) Article 14 section (1) Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 8/2021. [\[12\]](#_ftnref12) Article 14 section (2) Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 8/2021. [\[13\]](#_ftnref13) Article 15 section (1) Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 8/2021. [\[14\]](#_ftnref14) Article 15 section (3) huruf d Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 8/2021. [\[15\]](#_ftnref15) Article 17 Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 8/2021. [\[16\]](#_ftnref16) Article 18 section (1) Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 8/2021. [\[17\]](#_ftnref17) Article 19 section (1) and (2) Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 8/2021. [\[18\]](#_ftnref18) Article 21 section (1) Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 8/2021. [\[19\]](#_ftnref19) Article 29 section (1) letter a [Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights Number 29 of 2021 on Visa and Stay Permit](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt622f4923764d3/peraturan-menteri-hukum-dan-hak-asasi-manusia-nomor-29-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=Permenkumham_29_2021) (“Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights 29/2021”). [\[20\]](#_ftnref20) Article 30 section (1) letter i Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights 29/2021. [\[21\]](#_ftnref21) Article 32 section (1) Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights 29/2021. Tags ---- [klinik english edition](/tag/klinik-english-edition)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul sama yang dibuat oleh Sigar Aji Poerana, S.H. dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Selasa, 16 Juni 2020.Artikel ini dibuat berdasarkan KUHP lama dan UU 1/2023 tentang KUHP yang diundangkan pada tanggal 2 Januari 2023.Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.Kesengajaan (Opzet)Yang dimaksud dengan sengaja berarti menghendaki dan mengetahui apa yang diperbuat atau dilakukan. Undang-undang tidak menerangkan mengenai arti atau definisi tentang kesengajaan, namun dalam ketentuan KUHP lama yang masih berlaku pada saat artikel ini diterbitkan dan UU 1/2023 tentang KUHP baru yang mulai berlaku 3 tahun terhitung sejak tanggal diundangkan,[1] yakni pada tahun 2026, terdapat istilah “dengan rencana lebih dahulu” sebagai berikut:KUHPUU 1/2023Pasal 340 Barang siapa dengan sengaja dan dengan rencana terlebih dahulu merampas nyawa orang lain, diancam karena pembunuhan dengan rencana, dengan pidana mati atau pidana penjara seumur hidup atau selama waktu tertentu, paling lama 20 tahun.Pasal 459 Setiap orang yang dengan rencana terlebih dahulu merampas nyawa orang lain, dipidana karena pembunuhan berencana, dengan pidana mati atau pidana penjara seumur hidup atau pidana penjara paling lama 20 tahun.Pasal 355 ayat (1) Penganiayaan berat yang dilakukan dengan rencana terlebih dahulu, diancam dengan pidana penjara paling lama 12 tahunPasal 469 ayat (1) Setiap orang yang melakukan penganiayaan berat dengan rencana lebih dahulu, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 12 tahun.Wirjono Prodjodikoro dalam buku Asas-asas Hukum Pidana di Indonesia menerangkan bahwa sebagian besar tindak pidana mempunyai unsur kesengajaan atau opzet, bukan culpa (hal. 65). Hal ini dikarenakan, biasanya, yang pantas mendapat hukuman pidana itu adalah orang yang melakukan sesuatu dengan sengaja (hal. 65 – 66).Lantas, apa itu unsur dengan sengaja? Menurut Wirjono, kesengajaan terbagi menjadi tiga jenis, yaitu:Kesengajaan yang bersifat tujuan (opzet als oogmerk) Dalam kesengajaan yang bersifat tujuan, dapat dikatakan bahwa si pelaku benar-benar menghendaki mencapai akibat yang menjadi pokok alasan diadakan ancaman pidana (hal. 67).Kesengajaan bentuk ini menimbulkan dua teori, yaitu teori kehendak dan teori bayangan. Teori kehendak menganggap kesengajaan ada apabila perbuatan dan akibat suatu tindak pidana dikehendaki oleh si pelaku.Sementara, teori bayangan menganggap kesengajaan apabila si pelaku pada waktu mulai melakukan perbuatan ada bayangan yang terang bahwa akibat yang bersangkutan akan tercapai. Maka dari itu, ia menyesuaikan perbuatannya dengan akibat itu (hal. 67).Sebagai contoh, dalam Putusan PN Tebing Tinggi No. 593/Pid.B/2014/PN.TBT, majelis makim menyatakan terdakwa, terbukti secara sah dan meyakinkan bersalah melakukan tindak pidana “di muka umum secara bersama-sama melakukan kekerasan terhadap orang” dan menjatuhkan pidana penjara selama 8 bulan (hal. 12).Unsur kesengajaan dalam perkara ini terbukti berdasarkan fakta bahwa terdakwa bersama teman-temannya mendatangi kafe tempat saksi korban berada. Saksi korban kemudian menutup pintu, namun terdakwa dan teman-temannya menendang pintu hingga terbuka (hal. 10).Kesengajaan secara keinsafan kepastian (opzet bij zekerheids-bewustzijn)Menurut Wirjono, kesengajaan semacam ini ada apabila si pelaku dengan perbuatannya tidak bertujuan untuk mencapai akibat yang menjadi dasar dari delict, tapi ia tahu benar bahwa akibat itu pasti akan mengikuti perbuatan itu (hal. 67 – 68).Contoh, dalam Putusan PN Garut No. 158/Pid.B/2014/PN.Grt., majelis hakim menyatakan terdakwa telah terbukti secara sah dan meyakinkan bersalah melakukan tindak pidana “penganiayaan” dan menjatuhkan pidana penjara selama 3 bulan (hal. 12).Dalam pertimbangannya, diterangkan bahwa perbuatan terdakwa dilakukan karena terdakwa terbawa emosi, karena merasa dibohongi oleh saksi korban. Terdakwa tidak mampu mengendalikan emosinya dan mengakibatkan terjadinya peristiwa pemukulan (hal. 9-10).Terdakwa menyadari bahwa pemukulan yang dilakukan terhadap saksi korban dapat menimbulkan rasa sakit pada orang lain, menimbulkan luka pada tubuh orang lain atau setidak-tidaknya dapat merugikan kesehatan orang lain. Oleh karena itu, opzet perbuatan terdakwa termasuk dalam bentuk opzet bij zekerheids-bewustzijn, yaitu kesengajaan secara keinsafan kepastian (hal. 10).Kesengajaan keinsafan kemungkinan (opzet bij mogelijkheids-bewustzijn)Sementara, kesengajaan keinsafan kemungkinan ini menurut Wirjono dianggap terjadi apabila dalam gagasan si pelaku hanya ada bayangan kemungkinan belaka, bahwa akan terjadi akibat yang bersangkutan tanpa dituju. Maka harus ditinjau seandainya ada bayangan kepastian, tidak hanya kemungkinan, maka apakah perbuatan itu tetap akan dilakukan oleh si pelaku (hal. 69–70).Kalau hal ini terjadi, maka dapat dikatakan bahwa kalau perlu akibat yang terang tidak dikehendaki dan hanya mungkin akan terjadi itu, akan dipikul pertanggungjawabannya oleh si pelaku jika akibatnya tetap terjadi (hal. 70).Baca juga: Hukumnya Jika Hewan Peliharaan yang Berkeliaran Mati DitabrakKelalaian (Culpa)Di sisi lain, ilmu hukum pidana mengenal istilah culpa. Disarikan dari artikel Kelalaian yang Merugikan Orang Lain Menurut Hukum Pidana, yang dimaksud dengan kealpaan, kelalaian, atau culpa adalah macam kesalahan dalam hukum pidana sebagai akibat dari kurang berhati-hati, sehingga secara tidak sengaja sesuatu itu terjadi. Undang-undang juga tidak mendefinisikan pengertian dari culpa, namun terkait dengan culpa, terdapat contoh pasal mengenai hal tersebut yaitu kelalaian yang mengakibatkan kematian orang lain yang diatur dalam Pasal 359 KUHP dan Pasal 474 ayat (3) UU 1/2023, yang berbunyi:Pasal 359 KUHPPasal 474 ayat (3) UU 1/2023Barang siapa karena kesalahannya (kealpaannya) menyebabkan orang lain mati, diancam dengan pidana penjara paling lama 5 (lima) tahun atau pidana kurungan paling lama 1 (satu) tahun. Setiap orang yang karena kealpaannya mengakibatkan matinya orang lain, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 5 (lima) tahun atau pidana denda paling banyak kategori V yaitu Rp500 juta.[2]Menurut Wirjono, arti kata culpa adalah “kesalahan pada umumnya”. Tetapi dalam ilmu pengetahuan hukum mempunyai arti teknis, yaitu suatu macam kesalahan si pelaku tindak pidana yang tidak seberat kesengajaan, namun karena kurang berhati-hati, sehingga akibat yang tidak disengaja terjadi (hal. 72).Terkait kelalaian, Andi Hamzah yang mengutip J. Remmelink dalam buku Hukum Pidana Indonesia menerangkan bahwa siapa karena salahnya melakukan kejahatan berarti tidak mempergunakan kemampuannya yang seharusnya dipergunakan (hal. 123).Menurut Van Hamel sebagaimana dikutip Andi Hamzah dalam buku yang sama, kelalaian dibagi atas dua jenis, yaitu ‘kurang melihat ke depan yang perlu’ dan ‘kurang hati-hati yang perlu’ (hal. 123).Yang pertama terjadi jika terdakwa tidak membayangkan secara tepat atau sama sekali tidak membayangkan akibat yang terjadi. Yang kedua, misalnya ia menarik picu pistol karena mengira tidak ada isinya (padahal ada) (hal. 124).Menjawab pertanyaan Anda, Wirjono dalam buku yang sama menyamakan kelalaian dengan culpa (hal. 74). Artinya, tidak sengaja juga berarti lalai.Sementara, dalam Penjelasan Pasal 474 ayat (1) UU 1/2023 menerangkan bahwa kealpaan menunjukkan bahwa pelaku tidak menghendaki terjadinya akibat dari perbuatannya. Namun, dalam kejadian konkret terdapat kesulitan untuk menentukan bahwa suatu perbuatan dapat disebut dengan kealpaan. Oleh karena itu, berdasarkan pertimbangan tersebut, pengertian kealpaan diserahkan kepada pertimbangan hakim untuk melakukan penilaian terhadap kasus yang dihadapi.Dalam Putusan PN Kayuagung No. 251/Pid.Sus/2018/PN Kag, majelis hakim menyatakan terdakwa terbukti secara sah dan meyakinkan bersalah melakukan tindak pidana “karena kelalaiannya mengakibatkan korban meninggal dunia”, dan menjatuhkan pidana penjara selama 4 tahun (hal. 9 – 10).Dalam pertimbangan, majelis hakim mengutip pendapat Van Hamel yang menyatakan bahwa culpa mengandung dua syarat, yaitu tidak menduga-duga sebagaimana diharuskan oleh hukum dan tidak mengadakan penghati-hatian sebagaimana diharuskan oleh hukum (hal. 7).Menurut majelis hakim, unsur kelalaian ini terbukti berdasarkan fakta persidangan bahwa terdakwa membonceng dua orang dan mengendarai motor dengan kecepatan kira-kira 70 km/jam. Terdakwa tidak mengurangi kecepatan ketika mengambil jalur dengan kondisi jalan berlubang/retak dan menurun. Dari arah berlawanan, ada pengendara motor, namun terdakwa tidak memerhatikannya, sehingga terjadi kecelakaan yang mengakibatkan pengendara motor itu dan satu teman terdakwa meninggal di tempat (hal. 8).Majelis hakim berpendapat bahwa terdakwa tidak menduga-duga dan tidak mengadakan penghati-hatian sebagaimana diharuskan oleh hukum ataupun berpikir bahwa perbuatannya akan menimbulkan kecelakaan mengakibatkan korban meninggal (hal. 8).Demikian jawaban dari kami tentang apa perbedaan sengaja dan tidak sengaja dalam hukum pidana, semoga bermanfaat.Dasar Hukum:Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana;Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana;Putusan:Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Garut Nomor 158/Pid.B/2014/PN.Grt;Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Tebing Tinggi Nomor 593/Pid.B/2014/PN.TBT;Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Kayuagung Nomor 251/Pid.Sus/2018/PN Kag.Referensi:Andi Hamzah. Hukum Pidana Indonesia. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2017;Wirjono Prodjodikoro. Asas-asas Hukum Pidana di Indonesia. Bandung: Refika Aditama, 2003.[1] Pasal 624 Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (“UU 1/2023”)[2] Pasal 79 ayat (1) huruf e UU 1/2023Tagsair kerashukum pidanahukumonlinekasus novel baswedannovel baswedanpidana
Dalam hukum pidana, apa perbedaan sengaja dan tidak sengaja? Apakah tidak sengaja berarti lalai? Terima kasih.
Kesengajaan sebenarnya terbagi menjadi tiga, yaitu kesengajaan yang bersifat tujuan, kesengajaan secara keinsafan kepastian, dan kesengajaan secara keinsafan kemungkinan. Sementara tidak sengaja dapat diartikan sebagai lalai. Bagaimana membedakan kesengajaan dan kelalaian atau ketidaksengajaan tersebut? Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. 4 Cara Mencairkan BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Online 15 Mei 2024Syarat dan Prosedur Hibah Saham11 Okt 2022Langkah Jika Jual Beli Tanah HGB yang Belum Balik Nama15 Mei 20244 Cara Mencairkan BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Online 15 Mei 2024Syarat dan Prosedur Hibah Saham11 Okt 2022Langkah Jika Jual Beli Tanah HGB yang Belum Balik Nama15 Mei 2024
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/perbedaan-sengaja-dan-tidak-sengaja-dalam-hukum-pidana-lt5ee8aa6f2a1d3/
Perbedaan ‘Sengaja’ dan ‘Tidak Sengaja’ dalam Hukum Pidana
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul sama yang dibuat oleh [Sigar Aji Poerana, S.H.](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/sigar-aji-poerana--sh-lt5d8093edb7dc1) dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Selasa, 16 Juni 2020.** **Artikel ini dibuat berdasarkan KUHP lama dan** **UU 1/2023 tentang** **KUHP** **yang diundangkan pada tanggal 2 Januari 2023****.** Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Kesengajaan (_Opzet_)** Yang dimaksud dengan sengaja berarti menghendaki dan mengetahui apa yang diperbuat atau dilakukan. Undang-undang tidak menerangkan mengenai arti atau definisi tentang kesengajaan, namun dalam ketentuan [**KUHP**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4c7b7fd88a8c3/nprt/38/wetboek-van-strafrecht-\(wvs\)-kitab-undang-undang-hukum-pidana-\(kuhp\)?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHP) lama yang masih berlaku pada saat artikel ini diterbitkan dan [**UU 1/2023**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b3943c53853/undang-undang-nomor-1-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_1_2023_KUHP_baru) tentang KUHP baru yang mulai berlaku 3 tahun terhitung sejak tanggal diundangkan,[\[1\]](#_ftn1) yakni pada tahun 2026, terdapat istilah “dengan rencana lebih dahulu” sebagai berikut: **KUHP** **UU 1/2023** **Pasal 340** Barang siapa dengan sengaja dan dengan rencana terlebih dahulu merampas nyawa orang lain, diancam karena pembunuhan dengan rencana, dengan pidana mati atau pidana penjara seumur hidup atau selama waktu tertentu, paling lama 20 tahun. **Pasal 459** Setiap orang yang dengan rencana terlebih dahulu merampas nyawa orang lain, dipidana karena pembunuhan berencana, dengan pidana mati atau pidana penjara seumur hidup atau pidana penjara paling lama 20 tahun. **Pasal 355 ayat (1)** Penganiayaan berat yang dilakukan dengan rencana terlebih dahulu, diancam dengan pidana penjara paling lama 12 tahun **Pasal 469 ayat (1)** Setiap orang yang melakukan penganiayaan berat dengan rencana lebih dahulu, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 12 tahun. **Wirjono Prodjodikoro** dalam buku _Asas-asas Hukum Pidana di Indonesia_ menerangkan bahwa sebagian besar tindak pidana mempunyai unsur kesengajaan atau _opzet_, bukan _culpa_ (hal. 65). Hal ini dikarenakan, biasanya, yang pantas mendapat hukuman pidana itu adalah orang yang melakukan sesuatu dengan sengaja (hal. 65 – 66). Lantas, apa itu unsur dengan sengaja? Menurut Wirjono, kesengajaan terbagi menjadi tiga jenis, yaitu: 1. **Kesengajaan yang bersifat tujuan** **(_opzet als oogmerk_)** Dalam kesengajaan yang bersifat tujuan, dapat dikatakan bahwa si pelaku benar-benar menghendaki mencapai akibat yang menjadi pokok alasan diadakan ancaman pidana (hal. 67). Kesengajaan bentuk ini menimbulkan dua teori, yaitu **teori kehendak** dan **teori bayangan**. Teori kehendak menganggap kesengajaan ada apabila perbuatan dan akibat suatu tindak pidana dikehendaki oleh si pelaku. Sementara, teori bayangan menganggap kesengajaan apabila si pelaku pada waktu mulai melakukan perbuatan ada bayangan yang terang bahwa akibat yang bersangkutan akan tercapai. Maka dari itu, ia menyesuaikan perbuatannya dengan akibat itu (hal. 67). Sebagai contoh, dalam [**Putusan PN Tebing Tinggi No. 593/Pid.B/2014/PN.TBT**](https://putusan3.mahkamahagung.go.id/direktori/putusan/2247abb035dbc5ff744470073f109df0.html), majelis makim menyatakan terdakwa, terbukti secara sah dan meyakinkan bersalah melakukan tindak pidana “di muka umum secara bersama-sama melakukan kekerasan terhadap orang” dan menjatuhkan pidana penjara selama 8 bulan (hal. 12). Unsur kesengajaan dalam perkara ini terbukti berdasarkan fakta bahwa terdakwa bersama teman-temannya mendatangi kafe tempat saksi korban berada. Saksi korban kemudian menutup pintu, namun terdakwa dan teman-temannya menendang pintu hingga terbuka (hal. 10). 2. **Kesengajaan secara keinsafan kepastian** **(_opzet bij zekerheids-bewustzijn_)** Menurut Wirjono, kesengajaan semacam ini ada apabila si pelaku dengan perbuatannya tidak bertujuan untuk mencapai akibat yang menjadi dasar dari _delict_, tapi ia tahu benar bahwa akibat itu pasti akan mengikuti perbuatan itu (hal. 67 – 68). Contoh, dalam [**Putusan PN Garut No. 158/Pid.B/2014/PN.Grt.**](https://putusan3.mahkamahagung.go.id/direktori/putusan/3f77d9730ded80677d7432030c20b750.html), majelis hakim menyatakan terdakwa telah terbukti secara sah dan meyakinkan bersalah melakukan tindak pidana “penganiayaan” dan menjatuhkan pidana penjara selama 3 bulan (hal. 12). Dalam pertimbangannya, diterangkan bahwa perbuatan terdakwa dilakukan karena terdakwa terbawa emosi, karena merasa dibohongi oleh saksi korban. Terdakwa tidak mampu mengendalikan emosinya dan mengakibatkan terjadinya peristiwa pemukulan (hal. 9-10). Terdakwa menyadari bahwa pemukulan yang dilakukan terhadap saksi korban dapat menimbulkan rasa sakit pada orang lain, menimbulkan luka pada tubuh orang lain atau setidak-tidaknya dapat merugikan kesehatan orang lain. Oleh karena itu, _opzet_ perbuatan terdakwa termasuk dalam bentuk _opzet bij zekerheids-bewustzijn_, yaitu kesengajaan secara keinsafan kepastian (hal. 10). 3. **Kesengajaan keinsafan kemungkinan (_opzet bij mogelijkheids-bewustzijn_)** Sementara, kesengajaan keinsafan kemungkinan ini menurut Wirjono dianggap terjadi apabila dalam gagasan si pelaku hanya ada bayangan kemungkinan belaka, bahwa akan terjadi akibat yang bersangkutan tanpa dituju. Maka harus ditinjau seandainya ada bayangan kepastian, tidak hanya kemungkinan, maka apakah perbuatan itu tetap akan dilakukan oleh si pelaku (hal. 69–70). Kalau hal ini terjadi, maka dapat dikatakan bahwa kalau perlu akibat yang terang tidak dikehendaki dan hanya mungkin akan terjadi itu, akan dipikul pertanggungjawabannya oleh si pelaku jika akibatnya tetap terjadi (hal. 70). Baca juga: **[Hukumnya Jika Hewan Peliharaan yang Berkeliaran Mati Ditabrak](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/hukumnya-jika-hewan-peliharaan-yang-berkeliaran-mati-ditabrak-lt5e06c0928eb87?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=Hukumnya_Jika_Hewan_Peliharaan_yang_Berkeliaran_Mati_Ditabrak)** ### **Kelalaian (_Culpa_)** Di sisi lain, ilmu hukum pidana mengenal istilah _culpa_. Disarikan dari artikel **[Kelalaian yang Merugikan Orang Lain Menurut Hukum Pidana](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/kelalaian-yang-merugikan-orang-lain-menurut-hukum-pidana-lt51d592cf9865d?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=kelalaian_merugikan_orang_lain_pidana)**, yang dimaksud dengan kealpaan, kelalaian, atau _culpa_ adalah macam kesalahan dalam hukum pidana sebagai akibat dari kurang berhati-hati, sehingga secara tidak sengaja sesuatu itu terjadi.  Undang-undang juga tidak mendefinisikan pengertian dari _culpa_, namun terkait dengan _culpa_, terdapat contoh pasal mengenai hal tersebut yaitu kelalaian yang mengakibatkan kematian orang lain yang diatur dalam **Pasal 359** KUHP dan **Pasal 474 ayat (3) UU 1/2023**, yang berbunyi: **Pasal 359 KUHP** **Pasal 474 ayat (3)** **UU 1/2023** Barang siapa karena kesalahannya (kealpaannya) menyebabkan orang lain mati, diancam dengan pidana penjara paling lama 5 (lima) tahun atau pidana kurungan paling lama 1 (satu) tahun. Setiap orang yang karena kealpaannya mengakibatkan matinya orang lain, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 5 (lima) tahun atau pidana denda paling banyak kategori V yaitu Rp500 juta.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Menurut Wirjono_,_ arti kata _culpa_ adalah “kesalahan pada umumnya”. Tetapi dalam ilmu pengetahuan hukum mempunyai arti teknis, yaitu suatu macam kesalahan si pelaku tindak pidana yang tidak seberat kesengajaan, namun karena kurang berhati-hati, sehingga akibat yang tidak disengaja terjadi (hal. 72). Terkait kelalaian, **Andi Hamzah** yang mengutip **J. Remmelink** dalam buku _Hukum Pidana Indonesia_ menerangkan bahwa siapa karena salahnya melakukan kejahatan berarti tidak mempergunakan kemampuannya yang seharusnya dipergunakan (hal. 123). Menurut **Van Hamel** sebagaimana dikutip Andi Hamzah dalam buku yang sama, kelalaian dibagi atas dua jenis, yaitu ‘kurang melihat ke depan yang perlu’ dan ‘kurang hati-hati yang perlu’ (hal. 123). Yang pertama terjadi jika terdakwa tidak membayangkan secara tepat atau sama sekali tidak membayangkan akibat yang terjadi. Yang kedua, misalnya ia menarik picu pistol karena mengira tidak ada isinya (padahal ada) (hal. 124). Menjawab pertanyaan Anda, Wirjono dalam buku yang sama **menyamakan kelalaian dengan _culpa_** (hal. 74). Artinya, tidak sengaja juga berarti lalai. Sementara, dalam **Penjelasan** **Pasal 474 ayat (1) UU 1/2023** menerangkan bahwa kealpaan menunjukkan bahwa pelaku tidak menghendaki terjadinya akibat dari perbuatannya. Namun, dalam kejadian konkret terdapat kesulitan untuk menentukan bahwa suatu perbuatan dapat disebut dengan kealpaan. Oleh karena itu, berdasarkan pertimbangan tersebut, pengertian kealpaan diserahkan kepada pertimbangan hakim untuk melakukan penilaian terhadap kasus yang dihadapi. Dalam [**Putusan PN Kayuagung No. 251/Pid.Sus/2018/PN Kag**](https://putusan3.mahkamahagung.go.id/direktori/putusan/4b45ad28535d93657ff7302a799f5aaf.html), majelis hakim menyatakan terdakwa terbukti secara sah dan meyakinkan bersalah melakukan tindak pidana “karena kelalaiannya mengakibatkan korban meninggal dunia”, dan menjatuhkan pidana penjara selama 4 tahun (hal. 9 – 10). Dalam pertimbangan, majelis hakim mengutip pendapat Van Hamel yang menyatakan bahwa _culpa_ mengandung dua syarat, yaitu tidak menduga-duga sebagaimana diharuskan oleh hukum dan tidak mengadakan penghati-hatian sebagaimana diharuskan oleh hukum (hal. 7). Menurut majelis hakim, unsur kelalaian ini terbukti berdasarkan fakta persidangan bahwa terdakwa membonceng dua orang dan mengendarai motor dengan kecepatan kira-kira 70 km/jam. Terdakwa tidak mengurangi kecepatan ketika mengambil jalur dengan kondisi jalan berlubang/retak dan menurun. Dari arah berlawanan, ada pengendara motor, namun terdakwa tidak memerhatikannya, sehingga terjadi kecelakaan yang mengakibatkan pengendara motor itu dan satu teman terdakwa meninggal di tempat (hal. 8). Majelis hakim berpendapat bahwa terdakwa tidak menduga-duga dan tidak mengadakan penghati-hatian sebagaimana diharuskan oleh hukum ataupun berpikir bahwa perbuatannya akan menimbulkan kecelakaan mengakibatkan korban meninggal (hal. 8). Demikian jawaban dari kami tentang apa perbedaan sengaja dan tidak sengaja dalam hukum pidana, semoga bermanfaat. Dasar Hukum: 1. [Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4c7b7fd88a8c3/nprt/38/wetboek-van-strafrecht-\(wvs\)-kitab-undang-undang-hukum-pidana-\(kuhp\)?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHP); 2. [Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b3943c53853/undang-undang-nomor-1-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_1_2023_KUHP_baru); Putusan: 1. [Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Garut Nomor 158/Pid.B/2014/PN.Grt](https://putusan3.mahkamahagung.go.id/direktori/putusan/3f77d9730ded80677d7432030c20b750.html); 2. [Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Tebing Tinggi Nomor 593/Pid.B/2014/PN.TBT](https://putusan3.mahkamahagung.go.id/direktori/putusan/2247abb035dbc5ff744470073f109df0.html); 3. [Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Kayuagung Nomor 251/Pid.Sus/2018/PN Kag](https://putusan3.mahkamahagung.go.id/direktori/putusan/4b45ad28535d93657ff7302a799f5aaf.html). Referensi: 1. Andi Hamzah. _Hukum Pidana Indonesia_. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2017; 2. Wirjono Prodjodikoro. _Asas-asas Hukum Pidana di Indonesia_. Bandung: Refika Aditama, 2003. * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Pasal 624 [Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b3943c53853/undang-undang-nomor-1-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_1_2023_KUHP_baru) (“UU 1/2023”) [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal 79 ayat (1) huruf e UU 1/2023 Tags ---- [air keras](/tag/air-keras) [hukum pidana](/tag/hukum-pidana) [hukumonline](/tag/hukumonline) [kasus novel baswedan](/tag/kasus-novel-baswedan) [novel baswedan](/tag/novel-baswedan) [pidana](/tag/pidana)
ULASAN LENGKAPThis article is an English translation of Visa Kunjungan Saat Kedatangan, Ini Syarat dan Aturannya written by Dian Dwi Jayanti, S.H., and was published on Friday, 17 March 2023.This article below is an update of the article entitled Requirements and Provisions on Visa on Arrival (Persyaratan dan Aturan tentang Visa Kunjungan Kedatangan), which was first written by Easybiz, and first published on Monday, 6 June 2016. All legal information available on Klinik hukumonline.com has been prepared for educational purposes only and is general in nature (read the complete Disclaimer). In order to obtain legal advice specific to your case, please consult with Justika Partner Consultant.The Definition of Visa on ArrivalPrior to answering your question, we should first understand the meaning of Visa of the Republic of Indonesia, or referred to as visa, is a written statement, either manually or electronically, granted by an authorized official to travel into Indonesian territory and becomes the basis for granting a Stay Permit.[1]Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Every foreigner or Foreign Citizen who enters Indonesian territory is obligated to have a legal and valid visa, unless otherwise stated under this law and international agreements.[2] Visa comprises 4 (four) types namely diplomatic visa, service visa, visitor visa, and temporary stay visa.[3]Also read: Types of Indonesian Visas and Their UsesThe type 213 visa you are referring to, we assume to be a type of B213 visa, which is Visa on Arrival (“VoA”) that is granted upon arrival at certain Immigration Checkpoints to foreigners from certain countries. This type of visa is granted for a stay permit period of 30 (thirty) days and may be extended only once for the next 30 (thirty) days and cannot be transferred.[4] VoA is also known as visitor visa, where foreign tourists can also apply for visas upon arrival at Indonesian airports.[5]VoA is regulated under Article 106 number 2 Perppu 2/2022 which amended Article 38 Law 6/2011, namely:Visitor visa shall be granted to Foreign Citizens who will travel to Indonesian Territory in the context of government duty, education, socio-cultural, tourism, pre-investment, business, family, journalism visits, or a stopover to continue their journey to another country. The Requirements for Visa on ArrivalBasically, a VoA may also be granted to Foreign Citizens upon arrival at an Immigration Checkpoint by Immigration Officer/Official.[6] Foreign Citizens who may be granted VoA shall be a citizen of a specified country under the Regulation of the Minister.[7]Then, based on Article 1 number 3 Government Regulation 48/2021, a visitor visa application shall be submitted by foreigners or guarantors to the Minister or appointed Immigration Official by filling out the application data and enclosing the requirements, such as:a legal passport and still valid for a minimum of 6 (six) months;a letter of guarantee from the Guarantor except for a visit in the context of tourism;proof of having the cost of living for himself/herself and/or his/her family while in the Indonesian territory;return ticket or connecting flight ticket to continue the journey to other countries except for the crew of the Transportation Equipment who will stop by to join the ship and continue the trip to other countries; andcolored passport photos.Accessed from the website of the Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia on Visa on Arrival B213, VoA applicants must also ensure that the visa fee is paid and included in the list of VoA countries.You can also read about the complete technical procedure for the application and granting of VoA under Article 23 to Article 27 Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights 29/2021.Index of Visa on ArrivalTherefore, what activities are allowed to be carried out by VoA holders? The index of VoA is regulated in Article 4 section (2) number 4 Regulation of the Director-General of Immigration 2006. The article stipulates that VoA is used for purposes that cover all aspects of government, tourism, socio-cultural, and business activities that are given upon arrival in Indonesian territory with a maximum period of time of 30 (thirty) days, such as a visit to:Cooperation between governments of other countries and Indonesia;Tourism;Family or social;Inter-educational institutions;Participate in brief training;Journalism that has obtained a license from the authorized agency;The making of non-commercial films that have obtained licenses from authorized institutions;Conduct business talks, such as sales and purchase transactions of goods and services as well as supervision of the quality of goods or production;\Give lectures or attend seminars that are not commercial in the field of social, cultural, or government, after obtaining permission from the relevant agency;Participate in non-commercial international exhibitions;Participate in meetings that are held with the relevant headquarters or representatives in Indonesia.In conclusion, in answer to your question, the B213 visa type is a type of Visa on Arrival which is granted to foreigners upon arrival at certain Immigration Checkpoints in Indonesia. This visa applicant must fulfill the requirements that have been determined by the laws and regulations, among others, have a legal passport that remains valid for at least 6 (six) months, have a round trip ticket, and have the visa fee paid. Furthermore, activities such as visits, business talks, and meetings are allowed to be conducted by the holders of VoA.Enrich your legal research with the latest bilingual legal analysis, as well as the collection of regulatory translations integrated into Hukumonline Pro, click here to learn more.These are the answers we can provide, we hope you will find them useful.Legal Basis:Law Number 6 of 2011 on Immigration;Regulation of the Government in Lieu of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation;Regulation of the Government Number 48 of 2021 on the Third Amendment to Regulation of the Government Number 31 of 2013 on the Implementing Regulation to Law Number 6 of 2011 on Immigration;Regulation of the Director-General of Immigration Number F-434.IZ.01.10 of 2006 on Form, Size, Editorial, Types and Index, and Calculation of Visa as amended by Regulation of the Director-General of Immigration Number IMI-330.IZ.01.10 of 2009 on the Amendment to Regulation of the Director-General of Immigration Number F-434.IZ.01.10 of 2006 on Form, Size, Editorial, Types and Index, and Calculation of Visa as secondly amended by Regulation of the Director-General of Immigration Number IMI-819.IZ.01.10 of 2009 on the Second Amendment to Regulation of the Director-General of Immigration Number F-434.IZ.01.10 of 2006 on Form, Size, Editorial, Types and Index, and Calculation of Visa;Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights Number 29 of 2021 on Visa and Stay Permit.Reference:Desinta Wahyu Kusumawardani. Menjaga Pintu Gerbang Negara Melalui Pembatasan Kunjungan Warga Negara Asing dalam Mencegah Penyebaran Covid-19. Jurnal Ilmiah Kebijakan Hukum, Vol. 14, No. 3, 2020;Visa Kunjungan Saat Kedatangan B213, accessed on 17 March 2023, at 14.40 West Indonesian Time (zone).[1] Article 106 number 1 Regulation of the Government in Lieu of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation (“Perppu 2/2022”) which amended Article 1 Law Number 6 of 2011 on Immigration (“Law 6/2011”).[2] Article 8 section (2) Law 6/2011.[3] Article 34 Law 6/2011.[4] Visa Kunjungan Saat Kedatangan B213, accessed on 17 March 2023, at 14.40 West Indonesian Time (zone).[5] Desinta Wahyu Kusumawardani. Menjaga Pintu Gerbang Negara Melalui Pembatasan Kunjungan Warga Negara Asing dalam Mencegah Penyebaran Covid-19. Jurnal Ilmiah Kebijakan Hukum, Vol. 14, No. 3, 2020, p. 524.[6] Article 41 section (1) jo. Section (3) Law 6/2011.[7] Article 41 section (2) Law 6/2011.Tagsklinik english edition
I have a question regarding the type 213 visa. What activities are allowed for the 213 visa holder? Is it allowed to conduct company visits, meetings, and tours? What are the requirements and legal basis for a type 213 visa?
Visa type B213 is included in Visa on Arrival (“VoA”), granted to foreigners upon arrival at Immigration Checkpoints by Immigration Officials in Indonesia. So, what activities are allowed for VoA holders? What are the requirements for obtaining the visa? Please read the review below for a further explanation. Langkah Jika Jual Beli Tanah HGB yang Belum Balik Nama15 Mei 2024Persyaratan Pemberhentian Direksi dan Komisaris PT PMA17 Mei 2023Cara Mengurus Akta Cerai yang Hilang19 Mei 2023Langkah Jika Jual Beli Tanah HGB yang Belum Balik Nama15 Mei 2024Persyaratan Pemberhentian Direksi dan Komisaris PT PMA17 Mei 2023Cara Mengurus Akta Cerai yang Hilang19 Mei 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/visa-on-arrival-these-are-the-requirements-and-provisions-lt64215639a7369/
Visa on Arrival, These are the Requirements and Provisions
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- This article is an English translation of [**_Visa Kunjungan Saat Kedatangan, Ini Syarat dan Aturannya_**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/visa-kunjungan-saat-kedatangan--ini-syarat-dan-aturannya-lt56a7342fd69d5?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=visa_kunjungan_saat_kedatangan_ini_syarat_dan_aturan) written by [**Dian Dwi Jayanti, S.H.**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/dian-dwi-jayanti--sh-lt6374680d16d2f), and was published on Friday, 17 March 2023. **This article below is an update of the article entitled Requirements and Provisions on Visa on Arrival (Persyaratan dan Aturan tentang Visa Kunjungan Kedatangan), which was first written by** [**Easybiz**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/easybiz-lt55e6ba0b40629/easybiz-lt55e6bb779b5a8)**, and first published on Monday, 6 June 2016.**  All legal information available on Klinik hukumonline.com has been prepared for educational purposes only and is general in nature (read the complete [**Disclaimer**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer)). In order to obtain legal advice specific to your case, please consult with [**Justika Partner Consultant**](https://www.justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **The Definition of Visa on Arrival** Prior to answering your question, we should first understand the meaning of Visa of the Republic of Indonesia, or referred to as visa, is a written statement, either manually or electronically, granted by an authorized official to travel into Indonesian territory and becomes the basis for granting a Stay Permit.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Every foreigner or Foreign Citizen who enters Indonesian territory is obligated to have a legal and valid visa, unless otherwise stated under this law and international agreements.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Visa comprises 4 (four) types namely diplomatic visa, service visa, visitor visa, and temporary stay visa.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Also read: [**Types of Indonesian Visas and Their Uses**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/types-of-indonesian-visas-and-their-uses-lt63dcb3b5c4a04/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=types_of_visas) The type 213 visa you are referring to, we assume to be a type of B213 visa, which is Visa on Arrival (“VoA”) that is granted upon arrival at certain Immigration Checkpoints to foreigners from certain countries. This type of visa is granted for a stay permit period of 30 (thirty) days and may be extended only once for the next 30 (thirty) days and cannot be transferred.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) VoA is also known as visitor visa, where foreign tourists can also apply for visas upon arrival at Indonesian airports.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) VoA is regulated under **Article 106 number 2** [**Perppu 2/2022**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022/translations?utm_medium=internal_link_klinik) which amended **Article 38** [**Law 6/2011**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4dd0e447183ec/undangundang-nomor-6-tahun-2011/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_6_2011), namely: _Visitor visa shall be granted to Foreign Citizens who will travel to Indonesian Territory in the context of government duty, education, socio-cultural, tourism, pre-investment, business, family, journalism visits, or a stopover to continue their journey to another country._ ### **The Requirements for Visa on Arrival** Basically, a VoA may also be granted to Foreign Citizens upon arrival at an Immigration Checkpoint by Immigration Officer/Official.[\[6\]](#_ftn6) Foreign Citizens who may be granted VoA shall be a citizen of a specified country under the Regulation of the Minister.[\[7\]](#_ftn7) Then, based on **Article 1 number 3** [**Government Regulation 48/2021**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6032472bafe24/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-48-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=PP_48_2021), a visitor visa application shall be submitted by foreigners or guarantors to the Minister or appointed Immigration Official by filling out the application data and enclosing the requirements, such as: 1. a legal passport and still valid for a minimum of 6 (six) months; 2. a letter of guarantee from the Guarantor except for a visit in the context of tourism; 3. proof of having the cost of living for himself/herself and/or his/her family while in the Indonesian territory; 4. return ticket or connecting flight ticket to continue the journey to other countries except for the crew of the Transportation Equipment who will stop by to join the ship and continue the trip to other countries; and 5. colored passport photos. Accessed from the website of the **Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia** on [**Visa on Arrival B213**](https://kemlu.go.id/bratislava/id/pages/visa_kunjungan_saat_kedatangan__b213_/1228/etc-menu#:~:text=%E2%80%8BJenis%20visa%20ini%20\(B213,selanjutnya%20dan%20tidak%20dapat%20dialihstatuskan.), VoA applicants must also ensure that the visa fee is paid and included in the list of VoA countries. You can also read about the complete technical procedure for the application and granting of VoA under **Article 23** to **Article 27** [**Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights 29/2021**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt622f4923764d3/peraturan-menteri-hukum-dan-hak-asasi-manusia-nomor-29-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=Permenkumham_29_2021). ### **Index of Visa on Arrival** Therefore, what activities are allowed to be carried out by VoA holders? The index of VoA is regulated in **Article 4 section (2) number 4** [**Regulation of the Director-General of Immigration 2006**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4a1d0ba2cd03e?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perdirjenimigrasi_2006). The article stipulates that VoA is used for purposes that cover all aspects of government, tourism, socio-cultural, and business activities that are given upon arrival in Indonesian territory with a maximum period of time of 30 (thirty) days, such as a visit to: 1. Cooperation between governments of other countries and Indonesia; 2. Tourism; 3. Family or social; 4. Inter-educational institutions; 5. Participate in brief training; 6. Journalism that has obtained a license from the authorized agency; 7. The making of non-commercial films that have obtained licenses from authorized institutions; 8. Conduct business talks, such as sales and purchase transactions of goods and services as well as supervision of the quality of goods or production;\\ 9. Give lectures or attend seminars that are not commercial in the field of social, cultural, or government, after obtaining permission from the relevant agency; 10. Participate in non-commercial international exhibitions; 11. Participate in meetings that are held with the relevant headquarters or representatives in Indonesia. In conclusion, in answer to your question, the B213 visa type is a type of Visa on Arrival which is granted to foreigners upon arrival at certain Immigration Checkpoints in Indonesia. This visa applicant must fulfill the requirements that have been determined by the laws and regulations, among others, have a legal passport that remains valid for at least 6 (six) months, have a round trip ticket, and have the visa fee paid. Furthermore, activities such as visits, business talks, and meetings are allowed to be conducted by the holders of VoA. Enrich your legal research with the latest bilingual legal analysis, as well as the collection of regulatory translations integrated into Hukumonline Pro, click [**here**](https://pro.hukumonline.com/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=cta&utm_campaign=artikel_klinik) to learn more. These are the answers we can provide, we hope you will find them useful. Legal Basis: 1. [Law Number 6 of 2011 on Immigration](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4dd0e447183ec/undangundang-nomor-6-tahun-2011/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_6_2011); 2. [Regulation of the Government in Lieu of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022/translations?utm_medium=internal_link_klinik); 3. [Regulation of the Government Number 48 of 2021 on the Third Amendment to Regulation of the Government Number 31 of 2013 on the Implementing Regulation to Law Number 6 of 2011 on Immigration](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6032472bafe24/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-48-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=PP_48_2021); 4. [Regulation of the Director-General of Immigration Number F-434.IZ.01.10 of 2006 on Form, Size, Editorial, Types and Index, and Calculation of Visa](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4a1d0ba2cd03e?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perdirjenimigrasi_2006) as amended by [Regulation of the Director-General of Immigration Number IMI-330.IZ.01.10 of 2009 on the Amendment to Regulation of the Director-General of Immigration Number F-434.IZ.01.10 of 2006 on Form, Size, Editorial, Types and Index, and Calculation of Visa](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4a3606c123608?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perdirjen_imigrasi_330_2009) as secondly amended by [Regulation of the Director-General of Immigration Number IMI-819.IZ.01.10 of 2009 on the Second Amendment to Regulation of the Director-General of Immigration Number F-434.IZ.01.10 of 2006 on Form, Size, Editorial, Types and Index, and Calculation of Visa](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4a7143aa52470/peraturan-direktur-jenderal-imigrasi-nomor-imi819iz0110-tahun-2009?r=0&p=1&q=Peraturan%20Direktur%20Jenderal%20Imigrasi%20Nomor%20IMI-819.IZ.01.10%20Tahun%202009&rs=1847&re=2023?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perdirjenimigrasi_2009); 5. [Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights Number 29 of 2021 on Visa and Stay Permit](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt622f4923764d3/peraturan-menteri-hukum-dan-hak-asasi-manusia-nomor-29-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=Permenkumham_29_2021). Reference: 1. Desinta Wahyu Kusumawardani. _Menjaga Pintu Gerbang Negara Melalui Pembatasan Kunjungan Warga Negara Asing dalam Mencegah Penyebaran Covid-19_. Jurnal Ilmiah Kebijakan Hukum, Vol. 14, No. 3, 2020; 2. [Visa Kunjungan Saat Kedatangan B213](https://kemlu.go.id/bratislava/id/pages/visa_kunjungan_saat_kedatangan__b213_/1228/etc-menu#:~:text=%E2%80%8BJenis%20visa%20ini%20\(B213,selanjutnya%20dan%20tidak%20dapat%20dialihstatuskan.), accessed on 17 March 2023, at 14.40 West Indonesian Time (zone). * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Article 106 number 1 [Regulation of the Government in Lieu of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022/translations?utm_medium=internal_link_klinik) (“Perppu 2/2022”) which amended Article 1 [Law Number 6 of 2011 on Immigration](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4dd0e447183ec/undangundang-nomor-6-tahun-2011/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_6_2011) (“Law 6/2011”). [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Article 8 section (2) Law 6/2011. [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Article 34 Law 6/2011. [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) [Visa Kunjungan Saat Kedatangan B213](https://kemlu.go.id/bratislava/id/pages/visa_kunjungan_saat_kedatangan__b213_/1228/etc-menu#:~:text=%E2%80%8BJenis%20visa%20ini%20\(B213,selanjutnya%20dan%20tidak%20dapat%20dialihstatuskan.), accessed on 17 March 2023, at 14.40 West Indonesian Time (zone). [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Desinta Wahyu Kusumawardani. _Menjaga Pintu Gerbang Negara Melalui Pembatasan Kunjungan Warga Negara Asing dalam Mencegah Penyebaran Covid-19_. Jurnal Ilmiah Kebijakan Hukum, Vol. 14, No. 3, 2020, p. 524. [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Article 41 section (1) _jo._ Section (3) Law 6/2011. [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Article 41 section (2) Law 6/2011. Tags ---- [klinik english edition](/tag/klinik-english-edition)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul Pengenaan Bea Masuk Terhadap Oleh-Oleh Pribadi Dari Luar Negeri yang dibuat oleh Sovia Hasanah, S.H.dan pertama kali dipublikasi Rabu, 11 Januari 2017, dan pertama kali dimutakhirkan pada Rabu, 3 Januari 2018.KLINIK TERKAITSanksi Tidak Lapor SPT: Denda hingga Pidana21 Mar 2024Cara Menghitung Biaya Pajak Restoran08 Agt 2023Tugas Account Representative di Kantor Pelayanan Pajak 03 Mar 2023Proses Gugatan Penyitaan atas Penagihan Pajak di Pengadilan Pajak06 Okt 2022Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.Barang dari Luar Negeri Kena Bea CukaiBelajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Sebelum menjawab inti pertanyaan Anda tentang apa saja barang yang kena bea cukai di bandara, perlu dipahami terlebih dahulu pengertian dari bea masuk dan cukai. Bea masuk adalah pungutan negara yang dikenakan terhadap barang yang diimpor sebagaimana disebutkan dalam Pasal 1 angka 15 UU 17/2006. Pada saat barang memasuki daerah pabean ditetapkan terutang bea masuk dan jadi dasar yuridis bagi pejabat bea cukai untuk melakukan pengawasan.[1]Selanjutnya menurut Pasal 1 angka 1 UU 39/2007, cukai adalah pungutan negara yang dikenakan terhadap barang-barang tertentu yang mempunyai sifat atau karakteristik berikut ini yang dinyatakan sebagai barang kena cukai.[2]konsumsinya perlu dikendalikan;peredarannya perlu diawasi;pemakaiannya dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif bagi masyarakat atau lingkungan hidup; ataupemakaiannya perlu pembebanan pungutan negara demi keadilan dan keseimbangan, dikenai cukai berdasarkan undang-undang ini.Barang yang Tidak Kena Bea Cukai Menyambung pertanyaan Anda perihal barang pribadi milik penumpang dari luar negeri apakah termasuk barang yang tidak kena bea cukai atau barang yang kena bea cukai di bandara, patut Anda catat syarat barang lolos bea cukai terhadap barang pribadi penumpang untuk keperluan pribadi termasuk sisa perbekalan (personal use) yang diperoleh dari luar daerah pabean dengan nilai pabean maksimal FOB USD500.00 per orang untuk setiap kedatangan diberikan pembebasan bea masuk alias barang yang tidak kena bea cukai.[3]Sebaliknya, jika nilai pabean barang pribadi penumpang yang diperoleh dari luar daerah pabean melebihi batas nilai pabean, maka atas kelebihan tersebut dipungut bea masuk dan pajak dalam rangka impor berdasarkan keseluruhan nilai pabean dikurangi dengan nilai pabean yang mendapatkan pembebasan bea masuk.[4]Untuk mengetahui apakah barang tersebut melebihi nilai atau tidak maka dilakukan pemeriksaan melalui jalur merah, yakni ketika penumpang atau awak sarana pengangkut membawa barang impor sebagai berikut.[5]barang yang diperoleh dari luar daerah pabean dan tidak akan dibawa kembali ke luar daerah pabean, dengan nilai pabean melebihi batas yang dapat diberikan pembebasan bea masuk dan/atau melebihi jumlah barang kena cukai yang dapat diberikan pembebasan bea masuk dan/atau cukai;hewan, ikan, dan/atau tumbuhan, termasuk produk yang berasal dari hewan, ikan, dan/atau tumbuhan;narkotika, psikotropika, prekursor, obat-obatan, senjata api, senjata angin, senjata tajam, amunisi, bahan peledak, atau benda/publikasi pornografi;uang tunai dan/atau instrumen pembayaran lain dengan nilai paling sedikit Rp100 juta atau dengan mata uang asing yang nilainya setara dengan itu; dan/ataubarang yang dikategorikan sebagai barang impor yang dibawa penumpang atau awak sarana pengangkut selain barang pribadi (non-personal use).Selain itu, syarat barang lolos bea cukai terhadap barang pribadi penumpang yang merupakan barang kena cukai diberikan pembebasan bea masuk dan cukai untuk setiap orang dewasa dengan jumlah paling banyak:[6]200 batang sigaret, 25 batang cerutu, atau 100 gram tembakau iris/hasil tembakau lainnya; dan1 liter minuman mengandung etil alkohol.Dalam hal produk hasil tembakau lainnya terdiri atas lebih dari 1 jenis produk hasil tembakau, pembebasan bea masuk dan/atau cukai diberikan setara dengan perbandingan jumlah per jenis produk hasil tembakau lainnya tersebut.[7]Dalam hal nilai pabean barang pribadi penumpang yang diperoleh dari luar daerah pabean yang merupakan barang kena cukai melebihi jumlah yang ditentukan sebagaimana kami sebut di atas, maka atas kelebihan barang kena cukai tersebut langsung dimusnahkan oleh pejabat bea dan cukai dengan atau tanpa disaksikan penumpang yang bersangkutan.[8]Dengan demikian, Anda yang membawa barang pribadi seperti laptop dan ponsel yang dibeli pada saat sedang berkuliah di luar negeri dikenakan bea masuk, sedangkan jika ingin barang bebas pajak dari luar negeri alias barang yang tidak kena bea cukai, maka tidak boleh melebihi batas maksimal nilai pabean yang ditentukan.Pejabat bea dan cukai menetapkan tarif bea masuk atas impor barang pribadi penumpang yang nilainya melebihi batas nilai pabean yang diberikan pembebasan bea masuk.[9]Penetapan tarif untuk barang impor bawaan penumpang yang berupa barang pribadi penumpang yang dipergunakan/dipakai untuk keperluan pribadi termasuk sisa perbekalan (personal use) yang memiliki nilai pabean melebihi FOB USD500.00 berlaku ketentuan sebagai berikut.[10]tarif bea masuk ditetapkan sebesar 10%; dannilai pabean ditetapkan berdasarkan keseluruhan nilai pabean barang impor bawaan penumpang dikurangi dengan FOB USD500.00.Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwibahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut di sini.Demikian jawaban dari kami tentang barang yang tidak kena bea cukai, semoga bermanfaat.DASAR HUKUMUndang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1995 tentang KepabeananUndang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2006 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1995 tentang KepabeananUndang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 1995 tentang CukaiUndang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 2007 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 1995 tentang CukaiPeraturan Menteri Keuangan Nomor 203/PMK.04/2017 Tahun 2017 tentang Ketentuan Ekspor dan Impor Barang yang Dibawa oleh Penumpang dan Awak Sarana Pengangkut[1] Penjelasan Pasal 2 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2006 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1995 tentang Kepabeanan[2] Pasal 2 Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 2007 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 1995 tentang Cukai[3] Pasal 12 ayat (1) Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Nomor 203/PMK.04/2017 Tahun 2017 tentang Ketentuan Ekspor dan Impor Barang yang Dibawa oleh Penumpang dan Awak Sarana Pengangkut (“Permenkeu 203/2017”)[4] Pasal 12 ayat (2) Permenkeu 203/2017 dan Pasal 18 ayat (1) huruf e Permenkeu 203/2017[5] Pasal 17 ayat (1) jo. Pasal 7 ayat (3) huruf a jo. Pasal 7 ayat (1) huruf b Permenkeu 203/2017[6] Pasal 13 ayat (1) Permenkeu 203/2017[7] Pasal 13 ayat (2) Permenkeu 203/2017[8] Pasal 13 ayat (3) Permenkeu 203/2017[9] Pasal 23 huruf a jo. Pasal 7 ayat (3) huruf a dan Pasal 7 ayat (1) huruf a Permenkeu 203/2017[10] Pasal 24 ayat (1) Permenkeu 203/2017Tagsbea masukcukaiekspor - imporgooglehukumhukumonlineimigrasiimporklinikklinik hukumonlineluar negeri
Saya baru saja menyelesaikan kuliah di Jepang dan akan kembali ke Indonesia membawa barang-barang pribadi saya. Namun saya dengar-dengar petugas bea cukai di bandara mengenakan pajak pada barang pribadi, seperti laptop maupun ponsel yang kebetulan saya beli di Jepang. Sebenarnya apa saja barang yang kena bea cukai di bandara?
Barang pribadi penumpang untuk keperluan pribadi termasuk sisa perbekalan (personal use) yang diperoleh dari luar daerah pabean pada dasarnya dikenakan pembebasan bea masuk selama tidak melebihi batas maksimal FOB USD500.00 per orang untuk setiap kedatangan. Jika melebihi ketentuan batas maksimal, atas kelebihan tersebut dipungut dipungut bea masuk dan pajak dalam rangka impor. Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Sanksi Tidak Lapor SPT: Denda hingga Pidana21 Mar 2024Cara Menghitung Biaya Pajak Restoran08 Agt 2023Tugas Account Representative di Kantor Pelayanan Pajak 03 Mar 2023Proses Gugatan Penyitaan atas Penagihan Pajak di Pengadilan Pajak06 Okt 2022Sanksi Tidak Lapor SPT: Denda hingga Pidana21 Mar 2024Cara Menghitung Biaya Pajak Restoran08 Agt 2023Tugas Account Representative di Kantor Pelayanan Pajak 03 Mar 2023Proses Gugatan Penyitaan atas Penagihan Pajak di Pengadilan Pajak06 Okt 2022Ini Cara Mengurus Akta Nikah yang Terlambat 30 Sep 20224 Cara Mencairkan BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Online 15 Mei 2024Syarat dan Prosedur Mempekerjakan TKA untuk Sementara21 Mar 2023Ini Cara Mengurus Akta Nikah yang Terlambat 30 Sep 20224 Cara Mencairkan BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Online 15 Mei 2024Syarat dan Prosedur Mempekerjakan TKA untuk Sementara21 Mar 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/barang-yang-tidak-kena-bea-cukai-lt58537edd7a26f/
Ini Syarat Barang Pribadi yang Tidak Kena Bea Cukai
pages/153/page-2.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul _Pengenaan Bea Masuk Terhadap Oleh-Oleh Pribadi Dari Luar Negeri_ yang dibuat oleh** [**Sovia Hasanah, S.H.**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/penjawab/lt57d2913a130b4/mitra/lt4b457ff0c3e1b/sovia-hasanah--sh)**dan pertama kali dipublikasi Rabu, 11 Januari 2017, dan pertama kali dimutakhirkan pada Rabu, 3 Januari 2018.** ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Sanksi Tidak Lapor SPT: Denda hingga Pidana ](/klinik/a/sanksi-tidak-lapor-spt-lt5ae287b8acb25/) ![Sanksi Tidak Lapor SPT: Denda hingga Pidana](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt5ae287b8acb25/thumbnail_lt6407187fd8e89.jpg) 21 Mar 2024 [ #### Cara Menghitung Biaya Pajak Restoran ](/klinik/a/cara-menghitung-biaya-pajak-restoran-lt5faba191bbdee/) ![Cara Menghitung Biaya Pajak Restoran](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt5faba191bbdee/thumbnail_lt5faba3ae23dd0.jpg) 08 Agt 2023 [ #### Tugas Account Representative di Kantor Pelayanan Pajak ](/klinik/a/tugas-account-representative-di-kantor-pelayanan-pajak-lt58cfc76c90f90/) ![Tugas Account Representative di Kantor Pelayanan Pajak ](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt58cfc76c90f90/thumbnail_lt58db8598721c8.jpg) 03 Mar 2023 [ #### Proses Gugatan Penyitaan atas Penagihan Pajak di Pengadilan Pajak ](/klinik/a/proses-gugatan-penyitaan-atas-penagihan-pajak-di-pengadilan-pajak-lt633e6c4f236c0/) ![Proses Gugatan Penyitaan atas Penagihan Pajak di Pengadilan Pajak](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt633e6c4f236c0/thumbnail_lt633e706a7554e.jpg) 06 Okt 2022 [](#!) Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). **Barang dari Luar Negeri Kena Bea Cukai** Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Sebelum menjawab inti pertanyaan Anda tentang apa saja barang yang kena bea cukai di bandara, perlu dipahami terlebih dahulu pengertian dari bea masuk dan cukai. **Bea masuk** adalah pungutan negara yang dikenakan terhadap barang yang diimpor sebagaimana disebutkan dalam **Pasal 1 angka 15 [UU 17/2006](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26069/nprt/825/undangundang-nomor-17-tahun-2006?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_17_2006)**. Pada saat barang memasuki daerah pabean ditetapkan terutang bea masuk dan jadi dasar yuridis bagi pejabat bea cukai untuk melakukan pengawasan.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Selanjutnya menurut **Pasal 1 angka 1 [UU 39/2007](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26939/nprt/918/undangundang-nomor-39-tahun-2007?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_39_2007)**, **cukai** adalah pungutan negara yang dikenakan terhadap barang-barang tertentu yang mempunyai sifat atau karakteristik berikut ini yang dinyatakan sebagai barang kena cukai.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) 1. konsumsinya perlu dikendalikan; 2. peredarannya perlu diawasi; 3. pemakaiannya dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif bagi masyarakat atau lingkungan hidup; atau 4. pemakaiannya perlu pembebanan pungutan negara demi keadilan dan keseimbangan, dikenai cukai berdasarkan undang-undang ini. **Barang yang Tidak Kena Bea Cukai** Menyambung pertanyaan Anda perihal barang pribadi milik penumpang dari luar negeri apakah termasuk barang yang tidak kena bea cukai atau barang yang kena bea cukai di bandara, patut Anda catat **syarat barang lolos bea cukai** **terhadap barang pribadi penumpang** untuk keperluan pribadi termasuk sisa perbekalan (_personal use_) yang diperoleh dari luar daerah pabean dengan **nilai pabean maksimal FOB USD500.00 per orang** untuk setiap kedatangan diberikan **pembebasan bea masuk** alias barang yang tidak kena bea cukai.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Sebaliknya, jika nilai pabean barang pribadi penumpang yang diperoleh dari luar daerah pabean melebihi batas nilai pabean, maka atas kelebihan tersebut dipungut bea masuk dan pajak dalam rangka impor berdasarkan keseluruhan nilai pabean dikurangi dengan nilai pabean yang mendapatkan pembebasan bea masuk.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) Untuk mengetahui apakah barang tersebut melebihi nilai atau tidak maka dilakukan pemeriksaan melalui jalur merah, yakni ketika penumpang atau awak sarana pengangkut membawa barang impor sebagai berikut.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) 1. barang yang diperoleh dari luar daerah pabean dan tidak akan dibawa kembali ke luar daerah pabean, dengan nilai pabean melebihi batas yang dapat diberikan pembebasan bea masuk dan/atau melebihi jumlah barang kena cukai yang dapat diberikan pembebasan bea masuk dan/atau cukai; 2. hewan, ikan, dan/atau tumbuhan, termasuk produk yang berasal dari hewan, ikan, dan/atau tumbuhan; 3. narkotika, psikotropika, prekursor, obat-obatan, senjata api, senjata angin, senjata tajam, amunisi, bahan peledak, atau benda/publikasi pornografi; 4. uang tunai dan/atau instrumen pembayaran lain dengan nilai paling sedikit Rp100 juta atau dengan mata uang asing yang nilainya setara dengan itu; dan/atau 5. barang yang dikategorikan sebagai barang impor yang dibawa penumpang atau awak sarana pengangkut selain barang pribadi (_non-personal use_). Selain itu, syarat barang lolos bea cukai terhadap barang pribadi penumpang yang merupakan barang kena cukai diberikan **pembebasan bea masuk dan cukai** untuk setiap orang dewasa dengan jumlah **paling banyak**:[\[6\]](#_ftn6) 1. 200 batang sigaret, 25 batang cerutu, atau 100 gram tembakau iris/hasil tembakau lainnya; dan 2. 1 liter minuman mengandung etil alkohol. Dalam hal produk hasil tembakau lainnya terdiri atas lebih dari 1 jenis produk hasil tembakau, pembebasan bea masuk dan/atau cukai diberikan setara dengan perbandingan jumlah per jenis produk hasil tembakau lainnya tersebut.[\[7\]](#_ftn7) Dalam hal nilai pabean barang pribadi penumpang yang diperoleh dari luar daerah pabean yang merupakan barang kena cukai melebihi jumlah yang ditentukan sebagaimana kami sebut di atas, maka atas kelebihan barang kena cukai tersebut langsung dimusnahkan oleh pejabat bea dan cukai dengan atau tanpa disaksikan penumpang yang bersangkutan.[\[8\]](#_ftn8) Dengan demikian, Anda yang membawa barang pribadi seperti laptop dan ponsel yang dibeli pada saat sedang berkuliah di luar negeri dikenakan bea masuk, sedangkan jika ingin barang bebas pajak dari luar negeri alias barang yang tidak kena bea cukai, maka tidak boleh melebihi batas maksimal nilai pabean yang ditentukan. Pejabat bea dan cukai menetapkan tarif bea masuk atas impor barang pribadi penumpang yang nilainya melebihi batas nilai pabean yang diberikan pembebasan bea masuk.[\[9\]](#_ftn9) Penetapan tarif untuk barang impor bawaan penumpang yang berupa barang pribadi penumpang yang dipergunakan/dipakai untuk keperluan pribadi termasuk sisa perbekalan (_personal use_) yang memiliki nilai pabean melebihi FOB USD500.00 berlaku ketentuan sebagai berikut.[\[10\]](#_ftn10) 1. tarif bea masuk ditetapkan sebesar 10%; dan 2. nilai pabean ditetapkan berdasarkan keseluruhan nilai pabean barang impor bawaan penumpang dikurangi dengan FOB USD500.00. Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwibahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut [**di sini**](https://pro.hukumonline.com/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=cta&utm_campaign=artikel_klinik). Demikian jawaban dari kami tentang barang yang tidak kena bea cukai, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1995 tentang Kepabeanan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17227/nprt/664/uu-no-10-tahun-1995-kepabeanan?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_10_1985) Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2006 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1995 tentang Kepabeanan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26069/nprt/825/undangundang-nomor-17-tahun-2006?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_17_2006) Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 1995 tentang Cukai [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/3964/nprt/664/undangundang-nomor-11-tahun-1995?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_11_1995) Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 2007 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 1995 tentang Cukai [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26939/nprt/918/undangundang-nomor-39-tahun-2007?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_39_2007) Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Nomor 203/PMK.04/2017 Tahun 2017 tentang Ketentuan Ekspor dan Impor Barang yang Dibawa oleh Penumpang dan Awak Sarana Pengangkut [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5a4b37d18bc5a/node/534/peraturan-menteri-keuangan-nomor-203-pmk04-2017-tahun-2017?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pmk_203_2017) [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Penjelasan Pasal 2 ayat (1) [Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2006 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1995 tentang Kepabeanan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26069/nprt/825/undangundang-nomor-17-tahun-2006?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_17_2006) [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal 2 [Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 2007 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 1995 tentang Cukai](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26939/nprt/918/undangundang-nomor-39-tahun-2007?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_39_2007) [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 12 ayat (1) [Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Nomor 203/PMK.04/2017 Tahun 2017 tentang Ketentuan Ekspor dan Impor Barang yang Dibawa oleh Penumpang dan Awak Sarana Pengangkut](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5a4b37d18bc5a/node/534/peraturan-menteri-keuangan-nomor-203-pmk04-2017-tahun-2017?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pmk_203_2017) (“Permenkeu 203/2017”) [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 12 ayat (2) Permenkeu 203/2017 dan Pasal 18 ayat (1) huruf e Permenkeu 203/2017 [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Pasal 17 ayat (1) _jo._ Pasal 7 ayat (3) huruf a _jo._ Pasal 7 ayat (1) huruf b Permenkeu 203/2017 [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Pasal 13 ayat (1) Permenkeu 203/2017 [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Pasal 13 ayat (2) Permenkeu 203/2017 [\[8\]](#_ftnref8) Pasal 13 ayat (3) Permenkeu 203/2017 [\[9\]](#_ftnref9) Pasal 23 huruf a _jo._ Pasal 7 ayat (3) huruf a dan Pasal 7 ayat (1) huruf a Permenkeu 203/2017 [\[10\]](#_ftnref10) Pasal 24 ayat (1) Permenkeu 203/2017 Tags ---- [bea masuk](/tag/bea-masuk) [cukai](/tag/cukai) [ekspor - impor](/tag/ekspor-_-impor) [google](/tag/google) [hukum](/tag/hukum) [hukumonline](/tag/hukumonline) [imigrasi](/tag/imigrasi) [impor](/tag/impor) [klinik](/tag/klinik) [klinik hukumonline](/tag/klinik-hukumonline) [luar negeri](/tag/luar-negeri)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. KLINIK TERKAITBisakah PT PMA Dirikan Usaha Klinik? 21 Nov 2022Alur Penyelesaian Sengketa Tata Usaha Negara31 Agt 2022Apakah Monopoli Pasar oleh PT KAI Melanggar Hukum?07 Mar 2022Begini Pembuktian dalam Praktik Kartel dan Monopoli08 Jul 2021Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika. Pengertian dan Ketentuan Hukum Praktik MonopoliBelajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Sebelum menjawab pertanyaan Anda, sebaiknya kita pahami terlebih dahulu yang dimaksud dengan monopoli. Monopoli berasal dari Bahasa Yunani: monos yang berarti satu, dan polein yang berarti menjual. Menurut perspektif ekonomi konvensional monopoli adalah suatu keadaan di mana di pasar hanya ada seorang penjual suatu barang, sehingga tidak ada pihak lain yang menyainginya.[1] Definisi tersebut sesuai dengan Pasal 1 angka 1 UU 5/1999 atau juga dikenal dengan UU Anti Monopoli yang menjelaskan bahwa monopoli adalah penguasaan atas produksi dan atau pemasaran barang dan atau atas penggunaan jasa tertentu oleh satu pelaku usaha atau satu kelompok pelaku usaha.Selain monopoli, juga dikenal apa yang disebut dengan praktik monopoli yakni pemusatan kekuatan ekonomi oleh satu pelaku usaha atau satu kelompok pelaku usaha dan mengakibatkan persaingan tidak sehat dan merugikan masyarakat.[2] Berdasarkan Pasal 1 angka 2 UU 5/1999, praktek monopoli adalah pemusatan kekuatan ekonomi oleh satu atau lebih pelaku usaha yang mengakibatkan dikuasainya produksi dan atau pemasaran atas barang dan atau jasa tertentu sehingga menimbulkan persaingan usaha tidak sehat dan dapat merugikan kepentingan umum.Lantas, untuk menjawab pertanyaan Anda, berikut adalah penjelasan tentang kegiatan apa saja yang dilarang dalam peraturan hukum mengenai monopoli.MonopoliPada dasarnya, pelaku usaha dilarang melakukan penguasaan atas produksi dan atau pemasaran barang dan atau jasa yang dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya praktek monopoli dan atau persaingan usaha tidak sehat.[3] Pelaku usaha patut diduga atau dianggap melakukan penguasaan atas produksi dan atau pemasaran barang dan atau jasa jika:[4]barang dan atau jasa yang bersangkutan belum ada substitusinya; atau mengakibatkan pelaku usaha lain tidak dapat masuk ke dalam persaingan usaha barang dan atau jasa yang sama; atau satu pelaku usaha atau satu kelompok pelaku usaha menguasai lebih dari 50% pangsa pasar satu jenis barang atau jasa tertentu.  MonopsoniPelaku usaha dilarang menguasai penerimaan pasokan atau menjadi pembeli tunggal atas barang dan atau jasa dalam pasar bersangkutan.[5] Selanjutnya, pelaku usaha patut diduga atau dianggap menguasai penerimaan pasokan atau menjadi pembeli tunggal apabila satu pelaku usaha menguasai lebih dari 50% pangsa pasar satu jenis barang atau jasa tertentu.[6] Penguasaan PasarTerkait penguasaan pasar, pelaku usaha dilarang melakukan satu atau beberapa kegiatan, baik sendiri maupun bersama pelaku usaha lain berupa:[7]menolak dan atau menghalangi pelaku usaha tertentu untuk melakukan kegiatan usaha yang sama pada pasar bersangkutan; menghalangi konsumen atau pelanggan pelaku usaha pesaingnya untuk tidak melakukan hubungan usaha dengan pelaku usaha pesaingnya itu; membatasi peredaran dan atau penjualan barang dan atau jasa pada pasar bersangkutan; atau melakukan praktek diskriminasi terhadap pelaku usaha tertentu. Pelaku usaha juga dilarang melakukan pemasokan barang dan atau jasa dengan cara melakukan jual rugi atau menetapkan harga yang sangat rendah dengan maksud untuk menyingkirkan atau mematikan usaha pesaingnya di pasar bersangkutan.[8] Kemudian, pelaku usaha dilarang melakukan kecurangan dalam menetapkan biaya produksi dan biaya lainnya yang menjadi bagian dari komponen harga barang dan atau jasa.[9] PersekongkolanBerkenaan dengan persekongkolan, pelaku usaha dilarang bersekongkol dengan pelaku usaha lain dan/atau pihak yang terkait dengan pelaku usaha lain untuk mengatur dan atau menentukan pemenang tender[10] dan dilarang bersekongkol dengan pelaku usaha lain dan/atau pihak yang terkait dengan pelaku usaha lain untuk mendapatkan informasi kegiatan usaha pesaingnya yang diklasifikasikan sebagai rahasia perusahaan.[11]Lalu, pelaku usaha juga dilarang bersekongkol dengan pelaku usaha lain dan/atau pihak yang terkait dengan pelaku usaha lain untuk menghambat produksi dan atau pemasaran barang dan atau jasa pelaku usaha pesaingnya dengan maksud agar barang dan atau jasa yang ditawarkan atau dipasok di pasar bersangkutan menjadi berkurang baik dari jumlah, kualitas maupun ketepatan waktu yang dipersyaratkan.[12] Sanksi Hukum Pelaku Usaha yang Melanggar UU Anti MonopoliJika pelaku usaha melanggar ketentuan UU Anti Monopoli, Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha (“KPPU”) berwenang menjatuhkan sanksi berupa tindakan administratif[13] seperti:[14]penetapan pembatalan perjanjian sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 4 s.d. Pasal 13, Pasal 15, dan Pasal 16; perintah kepada pelaku usaha untuk menghentikan integrasi vertikal sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 14;perintah kepada pelaku usaha untuk menghentikan kegiatan yang terbukti menimbulkan praktik monopoli, menyebabkan persaingan usaha tidak sehat, dan/atau merugikan masyarakat sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 17 s.d. Pasal 24, Pasal 26, dan Pasal 27;perintah kepada pelaku usaha untuk menghentikan penyalahgunaan posisi dominan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 25;penetapan pembatalan atas penggabungan atau peleburan badan usaha dan pengambilalihan saham sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 28;penetapan pembayaran ganti rugi; dan/ataupengenaan denda paling sedikit Rp1 miliar. Sebagai informasi, dalam hal penanganan perkara, berdasarkan Pasal 41 UU 5/1999, pelaku usaha dan atau pihak lain yang diperiksa wajib menyerahkan alat bukti yang diperlukan dalam penyelidikan dan atau pemeriksaan. Pelaku usaha dilarang menolak diperiksa, menolak memberikan informasi yang diperlukan dalam penyelidikan dan atau pemeriksaan, atau menghambat proses tersebut. Kemudian, jika ada pelanggaran, KPPU menyerahkan kepada penyidik untuk dilakukan penyidikan. Pelanggaran terhadap ketentuan Pasal 41 UU 5/1999 dipidana denda paling banyak Rp5 miliar atau pidana kurungan paling lama 1 tahun sebagai pengganti pidana denda.[15]Baca juga: Begini Pembuktian dalam Praktik Kartel dan Monopoli Kolaborasi Antar Pelaku UsahaSelanjutnya menjawab pertanyaan Anda, menurut hemat kami, rencana transaksi untuk pembuatan suatu produk sama, yang dilakukan antarsesama produsen bukan merupakan pelanggaran hukum, selama tidak ada persekongkolan yang dapat menghambat produksi dan atau pemasaran barang, dan menyebabkan persaingan usaha tidak sehat. Anda dan sesama produsen juga tidak melanggar hukum selama tidak menghalangi pelaku usaha tertentu untuk melakukan kegiatan usaha yang sama pada pasar bersangkutan. Kesimpulannya, praktik monopoli adalah pemusatan kekuatan ekonomi oleh satu pelaku usaha atau satu kelompok pelaku usaha dan mengakibatkan persaingan tidak sehat dan merugikan masyarakat yang mengakibatkan persaingan tidak sehat dan merugikan masyarakat. Adapun beberapa kegiatan yang dilarang seperti monopoli, monopsoni, penguasaan pasar, dan persekongkolan. Pelaku usaha yang melanggar ketentuan UU 5/1999 atau UU Anti Monopoli dapat dikenakan sanksi administratif berupa penghentian kegiatan, pembayaran ganti rugi, hingga denda paling sedikit Rp1 miliar.Baca juga: Diduga Lakukan Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat, KPPU Selidiki GooglePerkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwibahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut di sini. Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUMUndang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak SehatPeraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja PUTUSANPutusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 85/PUU-XIV/2016. REFERENSIDede Abdul Fatah. Monopoli dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam. Jurnal Al-Iqtishad, Vol. 4, No. 2, 2012;Tommo Gunawan. Praktik Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Terlarang dalam Hukum Positif Menurut UU No. 5 Tahun 1999. Jurnal Lex Crimen, Vol. 5, No. 6, 2016.[1] Dede Abdul Fatah. Monopoli dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam. Jurnal Al-Iqtishad, Vol. 4, No. 2, 2012, hal. 161[2] Tommo Gunawan. Praktik Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Terlarang dalam Hukum Positif Menurut UU No. 5 Tahun 1999. Jurnal Lex Crimen, Vol. 5, No. 6, 2016, hal. 88[3] Pasal 17 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat (“UU 5/1999”)[4] Pasal 17 ayat (2) UU 5/1999[5] Pasal 18 ayat (1) UU 5/1999[6] Pasal 18 ayat (2) UU 5/1999[7] Pasal 19 UU 5/1999[8] Pasal 20 UU 5/1999[9] Pasal 21 UU 5/1999[10] Pasal 22 UU 55/1999 jo. Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 85/PUU-XIV/2016[11] Pasal 23 UU 5/1999 jo. Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 85/PUU-XIV/2016[12] Pasal 24 UU 5/1999 jo. Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 85/PUU-XIV/2016[13] Pasal 118 angka 4 Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja (“Perppu Cipta Kerja”) yang telah disahkan menjadi undang-undang pada 21 Maret 2023 yang mengubah Pasal 47 ayat (1) UU 5/1999[14] Pasal 118 angka 4 Perppu Cipta Kerja yang telah disahkan menjadi undang-undang pada 21 Maret 2023 yang mengubah Pasal 47 ayat (2) UU 5/1999[15] Pasal 118 angka 5 Perppu Cipta Kerja yang telah disahkan menjadi undang-undang pada 21 Maret 2023 yang mengubah Pasal 48 UU 5/1999Tagsanti monopolimonopolipraktik monopolisanksi administratif
Bagaimana implikasi UU Anti Monopoli maupun peraturan turunannya, terhadap rencana transaksi parts material (untuk pembuatan suatu produk yang bukan merupakan finish product) yang dilakukan antara sesama produsen suatu produk yang sama? Jika termasuk/tidak termasuk dalam kategori transaksi yang dilarang dalam peraturan terkait anti monopoli, mohon bantuan untuk rujukan referensi dasar hukumnya?
Praktik monopoli pada dasarnya mengakibatkan persaingan tidak sehat dan dapat merugikan masyarakat. Lantas, kegiatan apa saya yang dilarang dalam UU 5/1999 atau UU Anti Monopoli? Apa sanksi hukum jika pelaku usaha melanggar peraturan perundang-undangan tersebut?   Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Bisakah PT PMA Dirikan Usaha Klinik? 21 Nov 2022Alur Penyelesaian Sengketa Tata Usaha Negara31 Agt 2022Apakah Monopoli Pasar oleh PT KAI Melanggar Hukum?07 Mar 2022Begini Pembuktian dalam Praktik Kartel dan Monopoli08 Jul 2021Bisakah PT PMA Dirikan Usaha Klinik? 21 Nov 2022Alur Penyelesaian Sengketa Tata Usaha Negara31 Agt 2022Apakah Monopoli Pasar oleh PT KAI Melanggar Hukum?07 Mar 2022Begini Pembuktian dalam Praktik Kartel dan Monopoli08 Jul 2021Cara Hitung Pesangon Berdasarkan UU Cipta Kerja18 Agu 2023Syarat dan Biaya Balik Nama Sertifikat Tanah karena Jual Beli25 Jun 2024Perhatikan Ini Sebelum Tanda Tangan Kontrak Kerja20 Mar 2023Cara Hitung Pesangon Berdasarkan UU Cipta Kerja18 Agu 2023Syarat dan Biaya Balik Nama Sertifikat Tanah karena Jual Beli25 Jun 2024Perhatikan Ini Sebelum Tanda Tangan Kontrak Kerja20 Mar 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/larangan-praktik-monopoli-lengkap-dengan-sanksinya-lt64213618718fa/
Larangan Praktik Monopoli Lengkap dengan Sanksinya
pages/153/page-3.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Bisakah PT PMA Dirikan Usaha Klinik? ](/klinik/a/bisakah-pt-pma-dirikan-usaha-klinik-lt6374b0ef2880b/) ![Bisakah PT PMA Dirikan Usaha Klinik? ](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt6374b0ef2880b/thumbnail_lt637b4299744ad.jpg) 21 Nov 2022 [ #### Alur Penyelesaian Sengketa Tata Usaha Negara ](/klinik/a/penyelesaian-sengketa-tata-usaha-negara-lt581327c457099/) ![Alur Penyelesaian Sengketa Tata Usaha Negara](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt581327c457099/thumbnail_lt581728d173186.jpg) 31 Agt 2022 [ #### Apakah Monopoli Pasar oleh PT KAI Melanggar Hukum? ](/klinik/a/apakah-monopoli-pasar-oleh-pt-kai-melanggar-hukum-lt6225e8cccb200/) ![Apakah Monopoli Pasar oleh PT KAI Melanggar Hukum?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt6225e8cccb200/thumbnail_lt6225eb0390bc9.jpg) 07 Mar 2022 [ #### Begini Pembuktian dalam Praktik Kartel dan Monopoli ](/klinik/a/begini-pembuktian-dalam-praktik-kartel-dan-monopoli-lt60e6cebc82fb4/) ![Begini Pembuktian dalam Praktik Kartel dan Monopoli](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt60e6cebc82fb4/thumbnail_lt60e6d0543f5fc.jpg) 08 Jul 2021 [](#!) Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Pengertian dan Ketentuan Hukum Praktik Monopoli** Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Sebelum menjawab pertanyaan Anda, sebaiknya kita pahami terlebih dahulu yang dimaksud dengan [monopoli](https://www.hukumonline.com/kamus/m/monopoli). Monopoli berasal dari Bahasa Yunani: _monos_ yang berarti _satu_, dan polein yang berarti menjual. Menurut perspektif ekonomi konvensional monopoli adalah suatu keadaan di mana di pasar hanya ada seorang penjual suatu barang, sehingga tidak ada pihak lain yang menyainginya.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Definisi tersebut sesuai dengan **Pasal 1 angka 1** [**UU 5/1999**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/104/undangundang-nomor-5-tahun-1999?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_5_1999) atau juga dikenal dengan **UU Anti Monopoli** yang menjelaskan bahwa monopoli adalah penguasaan atas produksi dan atau pemasaran barang dan atau atas penggunaan jasa tertentu oleh satu pelaku usaha atau satu kelompok pelaku usaha. Selain monopoli, juga dikenal apa yang disebut dengan [praktik monopoli](https://www.hukumonline.com/kamus/p/praktik-monopoli) yakni pemusatan kekuatan ekonomi oleh satu pelaku usaha atau satu kelompok pelaku usaha dan mengakibatkan persaingan tidak sehat dan merugikan masyarakat.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Berdasarkan **Pasal 1 angka 2 UU 5/1999**, praktek monopoli adalah pemusatan kekuatan ekonomi oleh satu atau lebih pelaku usaha yang mengakibatkan dikuasainya produksi dan atau pemasaran atas barang dan atau jasa tertentu sehingga menimbulkan persaingan usaha tidak sehat dan dapat merugikan kepentingan umum. Lantas, untuk menjawab pertanyaan Anda, berikut adalah penjelasan tentang kegiatan apa saja yang dilarang dalam peraturan hukum mengenai monopoli. 1. **Monopoli** Pada dasarnya, pelaku usaha dilarang melakukan penguasaan atas produksi dan atau pemasaran barang dan atau jasa yang dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya praktek monopoli dan atau persaingan usaha tidak sehat.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Pelaku usaha patut diduga atau dianggap melakukan penguasaan atas produksi dan atau pemasaran barang dan atau jasa jika:[\[4\]](#_ftn4) 1. 1. barang dan atau jasa yang bersangkutan belum ada substitusinya; atau 2. mengakibatkan pelaku usaha lain tidak dapat masuk ke dalam persaingan usaha barang dan atau jasa yang sama; atau 3. satu pelaku usaha atau satu kelompok pelaku usaha menguasai lebih dari 50% pangsa pasar satu jenis barang atau jasa tertentu. 2. **Monopsoni** Pelaku usaha dilarang menguasai penerimaan pasokan atau menjadi pembeli tunggal atas barang dan atau jasa dalam pasar bersangkutan.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) Selanjutnya, pelaku usaha patut diduga atau dianggap menguasai penerimaan pasokan atau menjadi pembeli tunggal apabila satu pelaku usaha menguasai lebih dari 50% pangsa pasar satu jenis barang atau jasa tertentu.[\[6\]](#_ftn6) 3. **Penguasaan Pasar** Terkait penguasaan pasar, pelaku usaha dilarang melakukan satu atau beberapa kegiatan, baik sendiri maupun bersama pelaku usaha lain berupa:[\[7\]](#_ftn7) 1. menolak dan atau menghalangi pelaku usaha tertentu untuk melakukan kegiatan usaha yang sama pada pasar bersangkutan; 2. menghalangi konsumen atau pelanggan pelaku usaha pesaingnya untuk tidak melakukan hubungan usaha dengan pelaku usaha pesaingnya itu; 3. membatasi peredaran dan atau penjualan barang dan atau jasa pada pasar bersangkutan; atau 4. melakukan praktek diskriminasi terhadap pelaku usaha tertentu. Pelaku usaha juga dilarang melakukan pemasokan barang dan atau jasa dengan cara melakukan jual rugi atau menetapkan harga yang sangat rendah dengan maksud untuk menyingkirkan atau mematikan usaha pesaingnya di pasar bersangkutan.[\[8\]](#_ftn8) Kemudian, pelaku usaha dilarang melakukan kecurangan dalam menetapkan biaya produksi dan biaya lainnya yang menjadi bagian dari komponen harga barang dan atau jasa.[\[9\]](#_ftn9) 4. **Persekongkolan** Berkenaan dengan persekongkolan, pelaku usaha dilarang bersekongkol dengan pelaku usaha lain dan/atau pihak yang terkait dengan pelaku usaha lain untuk mengatur dan atau menentukan pemenang tender[\[10\]](#_ftn10) dan dilarang bersekongkol dengan pelaku usaha lain dan/atau pihak yang terkait dengan pelaku usaha lain untuk mendapatkan informasi kegiatan usaha pesaingnya yang diklasifikasikan sebagai rahasia perusahaan.[\[11\]](#_ftn11) Lalu, pelaku usaha juga dilarang bersekongkol dengan pelaku usaha lain dan/atau pihak yang terkait dengan pelaku usaha lain untuk menghambat produksi dan atau pemasaran barang dan atau jasa pelaku usaha pesaingnya dengan maksud agar barang dan atau jasa yang ditawarkan atau dipasok di pasar bersangkutan menjadi berkurang baik dari jumlah, kualitas maupun ketepatan waktu yang dipersyaratkan.[\[12\]](#_ftn12) ### **Sanksi Hukum Pelaku Usaha yang Melanggar UU Anti Monopoli** Jika pelaku usaha melanggar ketentuan UU Anti Monopoli, Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha (“KPPU”) berwenang menjatuhkan sanksi berupa tindakan administratif[\[13\]](#_ftn13) seperti:[\[14\]](#_ftn14) 1. penetapan pembatalan perjanjian sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 4 s.d. Pasal 13, Pasal 15, dan Pasal 16; 2. perintah kepada pelaku usaha untuk menghentikan integrasi vertikal sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 14; 3. perintah kepada pelaku usaha untuk menghentikan kegiatan yang terbukti menimbulkan praktik monopoli, menyebabkan persaingan usaha tidak sehat, dan/atau merugikan masyarakat sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 17 s.d. Pasal 24, Pasal 26, dan Pasal 27; 4. perintah kepada pelaku usaha untuk menghentikan penyalahgunaan posisi dominan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 25; 5. penetapan pembatalan atas penggabungan atau peleburan badan usaha dan pengambilalihan saham sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 28; 6. penetapan pembayaran ganti rugi; dan/atau 7. pengenaan denda paling sedikit Rp1 miliar. Sebagai informasi, dalam hal penanganan perkara, berdasarkan **Pasal 41 UU 5/1999**, pelaku usaha dan atau pihak lain yang diperiksa wajib menyerahkan alat bukti yang diperlukan dalam penyelidikan dan atau pemeriksaan. Pelaku usaha dilarang menolak diperiksa, menolak memberikan informasi yang diperlukan dalam penyelidikan dan atau pemeriksaan, atau menghambat proses tersebut. Kemudian, jika ada pelanggaran, KPPU menyerahkan kepada penyidik untuk dilakukan penyidikan. Pelanggaran terhadap ketentuan Pasal 41 UU 5/1999 dipidana denda paling banyak Rp5 miliar atau pidana kurungan paling lama 1 tahun sebagai pengganti pidana denda.[\[15\]](#_ftn15) Baca juga: [**Begini Pembuktian dalam Praktik Kartel dan Monopoli**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/begini-pembuktian-dalam-praktik-kartel-dan-monopoli-lt60e6cebc82fb4?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=begini_pembuktian_dalam_praktik_kartel_monopoli) ### **Kolaborasi Antar Pelaku Usaha** Selanjutnya menjawab pertanyaan Anda, menurut hemat kami, rencana transaksi untuk pembuatan suatu produk sama, yang dilakukan antarsesama produsen bukan merupakan pelanggaran hukum, selama tidak ada persekongkolan yang dapat menghambat produksi dan atau pemasaran barang, dan menyebabkan persaingan usaha tidak sehat. Anda dan sesama produsen juga tidak melanggar hukum selama tidak menghalangi pelaku usaha tertentu untuk melakukan kegiatan usaha yang sama pada pasar bersangkutan. Kesimpulannya, praktik monopoli adalah pemusatan kekuatan ekonomi oleh satu pelaku usaha atau satu kelompok pelaku usaha dan mengakibatkan persaingan tidak sehat dan merugikan masyarakat yang mengakibatkan persaingan tidak sehat dan merugikan masyarakat. Adapun beberapa kegiatan yang dilarang seperti monopoli, monopsoni, penguasaan pasar, dan persekongkolan. Pelaku usaha yang melanggar ketentuan UU 5/1999 atau UU Anti Monopoli dapat dikenakan sanksi administratif berupa penghentian kegiatan, pembayaran ganti rugi, hingga denda paling sedikit Rp1 miliar. Baca juga: [**Diduga Lakukan Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat, KPPU Selidiki Google**](https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/diduga-lakukan-monopoli-dan-persaingan-usaha-tidak-sehat--kppu-selidiki-google-lt632315cbcfa02/?page=all?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=diduga_lakukan_monopoli_persaingan_usaha_tidak_sehat) Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwibahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut [**di sini**.](http://mini.hukumonline.com/holpro/?utm_source=Google&utm_medium=Banner&utm_campaign=KlinikHukum-LandingPage) Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/104/undangundang-nomor-5-tahun-1999?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_5_1999) Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022) PUTUSAN ------- [Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 85/PUU-XIV/2016](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt59cdeed128543/putusan-mahkamah-konstitusi-nomor-85-puu-xiv-2016-tahun-2016?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=MK_85_2016). REFERENSI --------- 1. Dede Abdul Fatah. _Monopoli dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam._ Jurnal Al-Iqtishad, Vol. 4, No. 2, 2012; 2. Tommo Gunawan. _Praktik Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Terlarang dalam Hukum Positif Menurut UU No. 5 Tahun 1999._ Jurnal Lex Crimen, Vol. 5, No. 6, 2016. * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Dede Abdul Fatah. _Monopoli dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam._ Jurnal Al-Iqtishad, Vol. 4, No. 2, 2012, hal. 161 [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Tommo Gunawan. _Praktik Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Terlarang dalam Hukum Positif Menurut UU No. 5 Tahun 1999._ Jurnal Lex Crimen, Vol. 5, No. 6, 2016, hal. 88 [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 17 ayat (1) [Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/104/undangundang-nomor-5-tahun-1999?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_5_1999) (“UU 5/1999”) [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 17 ayat (2) UU 5/1999 [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Pasal 18 ayat (1) UU 5/1999 [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Pasal 18 ayat (2) UU 5/1999 [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Pasal 19 UU 5/1999 [\[8\]](#_ftnref8) Pasal 20 UU 5/1999 [\[9\]](#_ftnref9) Pasal 21 UU 5/1999 [\[10\]](#_ftnref10) Pasal 22 UU 55/1999 _jo._ [Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 85/PUU-XIV/2016](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt59cdeed128543/putusan-mahkamah-konstitusi-nomor-85-puu-xiv-2016-tahun-2016?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=MK_85_2016) [\[11\]](#_ftnref11) Pasal 23 UU 5/1999 _jo._ Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 85/PUU-XIV/2016 [\[12\]](#_ftnref12) Pasal 24 UU 5/1999 _jo._ Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 85/PUU-XIV/2016 [\[13\]](#_ftnref13) Pasal 118 angka 4 [Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022) (“Perppu Cipta Kerja”) yang telah disahkan menjadi undang-undang pada 21 Maret 2023 yang mengubah Pasal 47 ayat (1) UU 5/1999 [\[14\]](#_ftnref14) Pasal 118 angka 4 Perppu Cipta Kerja yang telah disahkan menjadi undang-undang pada 21 Maret 2023 yang mengubah Pasal 47 ayat (2) UU 5/1999 [\[15\]](#_ftnref15) Pasal 118 angka 5 Perppu Cipta Kerja yang telah disahkan menjadi undang-undang pada 21 Maret 2023 yang mengubah Pasal 48 UU 5/1999 Tags ---- [anti monopoli](/tag/anti-monopoli) [monopoli](/tag/monopoli) [praktik monopoli](/tag/praktik-monopoli) [sanksi administratif](/tag/sanksi-administratif)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul sama yang dibuat oleh Tri Jata Ayu Pramesti, S.H. dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Kamis, 13 Agustus 2015. Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.Pengertian Merek dan Hak Atas MerekSebelum menjawab inti pertanyaan Anda, mari kita pahami terlebih dahulu apa yang dimaksud dengan merek. Menurut Philip Kotler dan Kevin Lane Keller, merek merupakan nama, istilah, tanda, simbol, atau rancangan atau kombinasi dari semuanya yang dimaksudkan untuk mengidentifikasi barang atau jasa penjual atau kelompok penjual dan untuk membedakannya dari produk atau jasa pesaing.[1]Definisi tersebut sejalan dengan Pasal 1 angka 1 UU 20/2016 yang menjelaskan bahwa merek adalah tanda yang dapat ditampilkan secara grafis berupa gambar, logo, nama, kata, huruf, angka, susunan warna, dalam bentuk 2 (dua) dimensi dan/atau 3 (tiga) dimensi, suara, hologram, atau kombinasi dari 2 (dua) atau lebih unsur tersebut untuk membedakan barang dan/atau jasa yang diproduksi oleh orang atau badan hukum dalam kegiatan perdagangan barang dan/atau jasa.Sedangkan, menurut Pasal 1 angka 5 UU 20/2016, hak atas merek adalah hak eksklusif yang diberikan oleh negara kepada pemilik Merek yang terdaftar untuk jangka waktu tertentu dengan menggunakan sendiri merek tersebut atau memberikan izin kepada pihak lain untuk menggunakannya.Hak atas merek merupakan salah satu hak kekayaan intelektual yang harus dilindungi oleh negara. Hal ini disebabkan karena merek memiliki fungsi sebagai alat pembeda antara barang atau jasa yang satu dengan barang atau jasa yang lain, terutama barang atau jasa yang sejenis. Karena merek mempunyai arti yang sangat penting, maka perlu adanya perlindungan terhadap merek atau hak atas merek kepada pemegang merek terdaftar. Pemberian perlindungan hak atas merek sendiri hanya diberikan kepada pemilik merek yang mereknya sudah terdaftar.[2]Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Pelanggaran Hak Atas MerekDari definisi dan bunyi kedua pasal yang mengatur tentang merek dan hak atas merek, pihak lain dilarang untuk menggunakan suatu merek tanpa izin dari pemilik merek terdaftar. Perlindungan merek diberikan manakala terjadi suatu pelanggaran merek yang dilakukan oleh pihak yang tidak mempunyai hak terhadap suatu merek. Dalam hal terdapat pelanggaran terhadap merek terdaftar, maka dapat ditempuh beberapa upaya sebagai berikut:Penyelesaian Sengketa Secara PerdataDalam hal terdapat pihak lain yang secara tanpa hak menggunakan suatu merek yang mempunyai persamaan pada pokoknya atau keseluruhannya untuk barang dan/atau jasa yang sejenis dengan Pemilik Merek Terdaftar dan/atau penerima Lisensi Merek Terdaftar, maka pemilik merek dapat mengajukan Gugatan Perdata kepada Pengadilan Niaga.[3]Hal tersebut diatur pada Pasal 83 ayat (1) UU 20/2016 yang menyatakan:Pemilik Merek terdaftar dan/atau penerima Lisensi Merek terdaftar dapat mengajukan gugatan terhadap pihak lain yang secara tanpa hak menggunakan Merek yang mempunyai persamaan pada pokoknya atau keseluruhannya untuk barang dan/atau jasa yang sejenis berupa:gugatan ganti rugi dan/ataupenghentian semua perbuatan yang berkaitan dengan penggunaan Merek tersebut.Gugatan tersebut diajukan kepada Pengadilan Niaga sesuai dengan wilayah yurisdiksinya. Adapun pembagian daerah hukum Pengadilan Niaga tersebut adalah sebagai berikut:[4]Pengadilan NiagaDaerah HukumPengadilan Niaga pada Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta PusatDaerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta, Propinsi Jawa Barat, Sumatera Selatan, Lampung dan Kalimantan Barat.Pengadilan Niaga pada Pengadilan Negeri Ujung PandangPropinsi Sulawesi Selatan, Sulawesi Tenggara, Sulawesi Tengah, Sulawesi Utara, Maluku dan Irian JayaPengadilan Niaga pada Pengadilan Negeri MedanPropinsi Sumatera Utara, Riau, Sumatera Barat, Bengkulu, Jambi, dan Daerah Istimewa Aceh.Pengadilan Niaga pada Pengadilan Negeri SurabayaJawa Timur, Kalimantan Selatan, Kalimantan Tengah, Kalimantan Timur, Bali, Nusa Tenggara Barat, dan Nusa Tenggara Timur.Pengadilan Niaga pada Pengadilan Negeri SemarangPropinsi Jawa Tengah dan Daerah IstimewaYogyakartaSelama masih dalam pemeriksaan dan untuk mencegah kerugian yang lebih besar, pemilik Merek dan/atau penerima Lisensi (penggugat) dapat mengajukan permohonan kepada hakim untuk menghentikan kegiatan produksi, peredaran, dan/atau perdagangan barang dan/atau jasa yang menggunakan Merek tersebut secara tanpa hak. Dalam hal tergugat dituntut menyerahkan barang yang menggunakan Merek secara tanpa hak, hakim dapat memerintahkan penyerahan barang atau nilai barang tersebut dilaksanakan setelah putusan pengadilan mempunyai kekuatan hukum tetap.[5]Baca juga: Cara Membuat Surat Gugatan PerdataPenyelesaian Sengketa Secara PidanaPihak lain yang secara tanpa hak menggunakan merek yang mempunyai persamaan pada pokoknya atau keseluruhannya untuk barang dan/atau jasa yang sejenis tersebut juga dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban secara pidana, sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 100 ayat (1) dan (2) UU 20/2016, sebagai berikut:ayat (1)Setiap Orang yang dengan tanpa hak menggunakan Merek yang sama pada keseluruhannya dengan Merek terdaftar milik pihak lain untuk barang dan/atau jasa sejenis yang diproduksi dan/atau diperdagangkan, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 5 (lima) tahun dan/atau pidana denda paling banyak Rp2.000.000.000,00 (dua miliar rupiah).ayat (2)Setiap Orang yang dengan tanpa hak menggunakan Merek yang mempunyai persamaan pada pokoknya dengan Merek terdaftar milik pihak lain untuk barang dan/atau jasa sejenis yang diproduksi dan/atau diperdagangkan, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 4 (empat) tahun dan/atau denda paling banyak Rp2.000.000.000,00 (dua miliar rupiah). Anda dapat membaca selengkapnya mengenai ketentuan pidana pelanggaran hak atas merek pada Pasal 100 sampai Pasal 103 UU 20/2016. Sebagai informasi, tindak pidana sebagaimana dimaksud adalah delik aduan.[6]Baca juga: Perbedaan Pelaporan dan PengaduanArbitrase atau Alternatif Penyelesaian SengketaSelain penyelesaian sengketa secara perdata dan pidana, menurut Pasal 93 UU 20/2016, para pihak juga dapat menyelesaikan sengketa melalui arbitrase atau alternatif penyelesaian sengketa, dimana dalam hal ini, berlaku UU 30/1999. Saat ini, terdapat badan khusus yang menangani alternatif penyelesaian sengketa dalam bidang Hak Kekayaan Intelektual (“HKI”) yakni Badan Arbitrase dan Mediasi Hak Kekayaan Intelektual (“BAM HKI”). Pada dasarnya, BAM HKI adalah lembaga penyelesaian sengketa swasta yang membantu para pihak menyelesaikan sengketa di bidang HKI. BAM HKI juga dapat ditunjuk sebagai mediator untuk membantu para pihak menyelesaikan sengketanya.[7]Baca juga: 3 Perbedaan Mediasi dan ArbitraseKesimpulannya, jika terjadi pelanggaran terhadap hak atas merek, pemilik merek terdaftar dapat menyelesaikan sengketa dengan mengajukan gugatan secara perdata terhadap pihak lain yang secara tanpa hak menggunakan mereknya untuk meminta ganti rugi dan/atau penghentian semua perbuatan yang berkaitan dengan penggunaan merek tersebut.  Selain itu, pemilik merek terdaftar juga dapat meminta pertanggungjawaban secara pidana maupun menempuh jalur diluar pengadilan, yaitu dengan alternatif penyelesaian sengketa dalam bidang HKI yakni BAM HKI. Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwi bahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut di sini.Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat.Dasar Hukum:Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis sebagaimana diubah dengan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja yang telah disahkan menjadi Undang-Undang pada 21 Maret 2023;Keputusan Presiden Nomor 97 Tahun 1999 tentang Pembentukan Pengadilan Niaga Pada Pengadilan Negeri Ujung Pandang, Pengadilan Negeri Medan, Pengadilan Negeri Surabaya, dan Pengadilan Negeri Semarang.Referensi:Enny Mirfa. Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Merek Terdaftar. Jurnal Hukum Samudra Keadilan, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2016;Philip Kotler dan Kevin Lane Keller. Manajemen Pemasaran Jilid I Edisi 12. Jakarta: PT Indeks, 2008;Revita Nurahmasari (et.al). Mediasi Sebagai Kewajiban Penyelesaian Sengketa Perdata Pelanggaran Paten di Indonesia Demi Kepastian dan Kemanfaatan Hukum. ACTA DIURNAL Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kenotariatan Fakultas Hukum Universitas Padjadjaran, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2021. [1] Philip Kotler dan Kevin Lane Keller. Manajemen Pemasaran Jilid I Edisi 12. Jakarta: PT Indeks, 2008, hal. 332.[2] Enny Mirfa. Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Merek Terdaftar. Jurnal Hukum Samudra Keadilan, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2016, hal. 66.[3] Pasal 83 ayat (3) Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis (“UU 20/2016”).[4] Keputusan Presiden Nomor 97 Tahun 1999 tentang Pembentukan Pengadilan Niaga Pada Pengadilan Negeri Ujung Pandang, Pengadilan Negeri Medan, Pengadilan Negeri Surabaya, dan Pengadilan Negeri Semarang (“Keppres 97/1999”).[5] Pasal 84 UU 20/2016.[6] Pasal 103 UU 20/2016.[7] Revita Nurahmasari (et.al). Mediasi Sebagai Kewajiban Penyelesaian Sengketa Perdata Pelanggaran Paten di Indonesia Demi Kepastian dan Kemanfaatan Hukum. ACTA DIURNAL Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kenotariatan Fakultas Hukum Universitas Padjadjaran, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2021, hal. 128.Tagsmerek
Jika merek saya dipakai orang tanpa izin, kemana saya harus meminta ganti rugi?
Pada intinya, perlindungan merek diberikan manakala terjadi suatu pelanggaran merek yang dilakukan oleh pihak yang tidak mempunyai hak terhadap suatu merek. Dalam hal terjadi pelanggaran terhadap merek terdaftar, upaya hukum apa saja yang dapat dilakukan? Apa alternatif penyelesaian sengketa pelanggaran hak atas merek? Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Catat! Ini 3 Aspek Hukum untuk Mendirikan Startup9 Mei 20234 Cara Mencairkan BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Online 15 Mei 2024Persyaratan Pemberhentian Direksi dan Komisaris PT PMA17 Mei 2023Catat! Ini 3 Aspek Hukum untuk Mendirikan Startup9 Mei 20234 Cara Mencairkan BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Online 15 Mei 2024Persyaratan Pemberhentian Direksi dan Komisaris PT PMA17 Mei 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/merek-dipakai-orang-tanpa-izin--ke-mana-meminta-ganti-rugi-lt53c90619e8d43/
Merek Dipakai Orang Tanpa Izin, ke Mana Meminta Ganti Rugi?
pages/153/page-4.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul sama yang dibuat oleh [Tri Jata Ayu Pramesti, S.H.](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/tri-jata-ayu-pramesti--sh-lt5165540a9b53c)** **dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Kamis, 13 Agustus 2015.** Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Pengertian Merek dan Hak Atas Merek** Sebelum menjawab inti pertanyaan Anda, mari kita pahami terlebih dahulu apa yang dimaksud dengan [merek](https://www.hukumonline.com/kamus/m/merek). Menurut **Philip Kotler** dan **Kevin Lane Keller**, merek merupakan nama, istilah, tanda, simbol, atau rancangan atau kombinasi dari semuanya yang dimaksudkan untuk mengidentifikasi barang atau jasa penjual atau kelompok penjual dan untuk membedakannya dari produk atau jasa pesaing.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Definisi tersebut sejalan dengan **Pasal 1 angka 1 [UU 20/2016](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5850fd588be8e/undang-undang-nomor-20-tahun-2016?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_20_2016)** yang menjelaskan bahwa merek adalah tanda yang dapat ditampilkan secara grafis berupa gambar, logo, nama, kata, huruf, angka, susunan warna, dalam bentuk 2 (dua) dimensi dan/atau 3 (tiga) dimensi, suara, hologram, atau kombinasi dari 2 (dua) atau lebih unsur tersebut untuk membedakan barang dan/atau jasa yang diproduksi oleh orang atau badan hukum dalam kegiatan perdagangan barang dan/atau jasa. Sedangkan, menurut **Pasal 1 angka 5 UU 20/2016**, [hak atas merek](https://www.hukumonline.com/kamus/h/hak-atas-merek) adalah hak eksklusif yang diberikan oleh negara kepada pemilik Merek yang terdaftar untuk jangka waktu tertentu dengan menggunakan sendiri merek tersebut atau memberikan izin kepada pihak lain untuk menggunakannya. Hak atas merek merupakan salah satu hak kekayaan intelektual yang harus dilindungi oleh negara. Hal ini disebabkan karena merek memiliki fungsi sebagai alat pembeda antara barang atau jasa yang satu dengan barang atau jasa yang lain, terutama barang atau jasa yang sejenis. Karena merek mempunyai arti yang sangat penting, maka perlu adanya perlindungan terhadap merek atau hak atas merek kepada pemegang merek terdaftar. Pemberian perlindungan hak atas merek sendiri hanya diberikan kepada pemilik merek yang mereknya sudah terdaftar.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) ### **Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Pelanggaran Hak Atas Merek** Dari definisi dan bunyi kedua pasal yang mengatur tentang merek dan hak atas merek, pihak lain dilarang untuk menggunakan suatu merek tanpa izin dari pemilik merek terdaftar. Perlindungan merek diberikan manakala terjadi suatu pelanggaran merek yang dilakukan oleh pihak yang tidak mempunyai hak terhadap suatu merek. Dalam hal terdapat pelanggaran terhadap merek terdaftar, maka dapat ditempuh beberapa upaya sebagai berikut: 1. **Penyelesaian Sengketa Secara Perdata** Dalam hal terdapat pihak lain yang secara tanpa hak menggunakan suatu merek yang mempunyai persamaan pada pokoknya atau keseluruhannya untuk barang dan/atau jasa yang sejenis dengan Pemilik Merek Terdaftar dan/atau penerima Lisensi Merek Terdaftar, maka pemilik merek dapat mengajukan Gugatan Perdata kepada Pengadilan Niaga.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Hal tersebut diatur pada **Pasal 83 ayat (1) UU 20/2016** yang menyatakan: _Pemilik Merek terdaftar dan/atau penerima Lisensi Merek terdaftar dapat mengajukan gugatan terhadap pihak lain yang secara tanpa hak menggunakan Merek yang mempunyai persamaan pada pokoknya atau keseluruhannya untuk barang dan/atau jasa yang sejenis berupa:_ 1. _gugatan ganti rugi dan/atau_ 2. _penghentian semua perbuatan yang berkaitan dengan penggunaan Merek tersebut._ Gugatan tersebut diajukan kepada Pengadilan Niaga sesuai dengan wilayah yurisdiksinya. Adapun pembagian daerah hukum Pengadilan Niaga tersebut adalah sebagai berikut:[\[4\]](#_ftn4) **Pengadilan Niaga** **Daerah Hukum** Pengadilan Niaga pada Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Pusat Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta, Propinsi Jawa Barat, Sumatera Selatan, Lampung dan Kalimantan Barat. Pengadilan Niaga pada Pengadilan Negeri Ujung Pandang Propinsi Sulawesi Selatan, Sulawesi Tenggara, Sulawesi Tengah, Sulawesi Utara, Maluku dan Irian Jaya Pengadilan Niaga pada Pengadilan Negeri Medan Propinsi Sumatera Utara, Riau, Sumatera Barat, Bengkulu, Jambi, dan Daerah Istimewa Aceh. Pengadilan Niaga pada Pengadilan Negeri Surabaya Jawa Timur, Kalimantan Selatan, Kalimantan Tengah, Kalimantan Timur, Bali, Nusa Tenggara Barat, dan Nusa Tenggara Timur. Pengadilan Niaga pada Pengadilan Negeri Semarang Propinsi Jawa Tengah dan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Selama masih dalam pemeriksaan dan untuk mencegah kerugian yang lebih besar, pemilik Merek dan/atau penerima Lisensi (penggugat) dapat mengajukan permohonan kepada hakim untuk menghentikan kegiatan produksi, peredaran, dan/atau perdagangan barang dan/atau jasa yang menggunakan Merek tersebut secara tanpa hak. Dalam hal tergugat dituntut menyerahkan barang yang menggunakan Merek secara tanpa hak, hakim dapat memerintahkan penyerahan barang atau nilai barang tersebut dilaksanakan setelah putusan pengadilan mempunyai kekuatan hukum tetap.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) Baca juga: **[Cara Membuat Surat Gugatan Perdata](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/cara-membuat-surat-gugatan-cl2871?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=cara_membuat_surat_gugatan)** 2. **Penyelesaian Sengketa Secara Pidana** Pihak lain yang secara tanpa hak menggunakan merek yang mempunyai persamaan pada pokoknya atau keseluruhannya untuk barang dan/atau jasa yang sejenis tersebut juga dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban secara pidana, sebagaimana diatur dalam **Pasal 100 ayat (1) dan (2) UU 20/2016**, sebagai berikut: **ayat (1)** _Setiap Orang yang dengan tanpa hak menggunakan Merek yang sama pada keseluruhannya dengan Merek terdaftar milik pihak lain untuk barang dan/atau jasa sejenis yang diproduksi dan/atau diperdagangkan, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 5 (lima) tahun dan/atau pidana denda paling banyak Rp2.000.000.000,00 (dua miliar rupiah)._ **ayat (2)** _Setiap Orang yang dengan tanpa hak menggunakan Merek yang mempunyai persamaan pada pokoknya dengan Merek terdaftar milik pihak lain untuk barang dan/atau jasa sejenis yang diproduksi dan/atau diperdagangkan, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 4 (empat) tahun dan/atau denda paling banyak Rp2.000.000.000,00 (dua miliar rupiah)._ Anda dapat membaca selengkapnya mengenai ketentuan pidana pelanggaran hak atas merek pada **Pasal 100 sampai Pasal 103 UU 20/2016**. Sebagai informasi, tindak pidana sebagaimana dimaksud adalah delik aduan.[\[6\]](#_ftn6) Baca juga: **[Perbedaan Pelaporan dan Pengaduan](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/perbedaan-pelaporan-dan-pengaduan-lt4f8ead4dd8558?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perbedaan_pelaporan_dan_pengaduan)** 3. **Arbitrase atau** **Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa** Selain penyelesaian sengketa secara perdata dan pidana, menurut **Pasal 93 UU 20/2016**, para pihak juga dapat menyelesaikan sengketa melalui arbitrase atau alternatif penyelesaian sengketa, dimana dalam hal ini, berlaku **[UU 30/1999](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/815/undangundang-nomor-30-tahun-1999-/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_30_1999)**. Saat ini, terdapat badan khusus yang menangani alternatif penyelesaian sengketa dalam bidang Hak Kekayaan Intelektual (“HKI”) yakni Badan Arbitrase dan Mediasi Hak Kekayaan Intelektual (“BAM HKI”). Pada dasarnya, BAM HKI adalah lembaga penyelesaian sengketa swasta yang membantu para pihak menyelesaikan sengketa di bidang HKI. BAM HKI juga dapat ditunjuk sebagai mediator untuk membantu para pihak menyelesaikan sengketanya.[\[7\]](#_ftn7) Baca juga: **[3 Perbedaan Mediasi dan Arbitrase](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/3-perbedaan-mediasi-dan-arbitrase-lt5bc7526e7755c?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=3_perbedaan_mediasi_arbitrase)** Kesimpulannya, jika terjadi pelanggaran terhadap hak atas merek, pemilik merek terdaftar dapat menyelesaikan sengketa dengan mengajukan gugatan secara perdata terhadap pihak lain yang secara tanpa hak menggunakan mereknya untuk meminta ganti rugi dan/atau penghentian semua perbuatan yang berkaitan dengan penggunaan merek tersebut.  Selain itu, pemilik merek terdaftar juga dapat meminta pertanggungjawaban secara pidana maupun menempuh jalur diluar pengadilan, yaitu dengan alternatif penyelesaian sengketa dalam bidang HKI yakni BAM HKI. Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwi bahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut [**di sini.**](http://mini.hukumonline.com/holpro/?utm_source=Google&utm_medium=Banner&utm_campaign=KlinikHukum-LandingPage) Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. Dasar Hukum: 1. [Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5850fd588be8e/undang-undang-nomor-20-tahun-2016?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_20_2016) sebagaimana diubah dengan [Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022) yang telah disahkan menjadi Undang-Undang pada 21 Maret 2023; 2. [Keputusan Presiden Nomor 97 Tahun 1999 tentang Pembentukan Pengadilan Niaga Pada Pengadilan Negeri Ujung Pandang, Pengadilan Negeri Medan, Pengadilan Negeri Surabaya, dan Pengadilan Negeri Semarang](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/19235/keputusan-presiden-nomor-97-tahun-1999/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=keppres_97_1999). Referensi: 1. Enny Mirfa. _Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Merek Terdaftar._ Jurnal Hukum Samudra Keadilan, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2016; 2. Philip Kotler dan Kevin Lane Keller. _Manajemen Pemasaran Jilid I Edisi 12._ Jakarta: PT Indeks, 2008; 3. Revita Nurahmasari _(et.al)_. _Mediasi Sebagai Kewajiban Penyelesaian Sengketa Perdata Pelanggaran Paten di Indonesia Demi Kepastian dan Kemanfaatan Hukum_. ACTA DIURNAL Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kenotariatan Fakultas Hukum Universitas Padjadjaran, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2021. * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Philip Kotler dan Kevin Lane Keller. _Manajemen Pemasaran Jilid I Edisi 12._ Jakarta: PT Indeks, 2008, hal. 332. [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Enny Mirfa. _Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Merek Terdaftar._ Jurnal Hukum Samudra Keadilan, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2016, hal. 66. [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 83 ayat (3) [Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5850fd588be8e/undang-undang-nomor-20-tahun-2016?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_20_2016) (“UU 20/2016”). [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) [Keputusan Presiden Nomor 97 Tahun 1999 tentang Pembentukan Pengadilan Niaga Pada Pengadilan Negeri Ujung Pandang, Pengadilan Negeri Medan, Pengadilan Negeri Surabaya, dan Pengadilan Negeri Semarang](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/19235/keputusan-presiden-nomor-97-tahun-1999/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=keppres_97_1999) (“Keppres 97/1999”). [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Pasal 84 UU 20/2016. [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Pasal 103 UU 20/2016. [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Revita Nurahmasari _(et.al)_. _Mediasi Sebagai Kewajiban Penyelesaian Sengketa Perdata Pelanggaran Paten di Indonesia Demi Kepastian dan Kemanfaatan Hukum_. ACTA DIURNAL Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kenotariatan Fakultas Hukum Universitas Padjadjaran, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2021, hal. 128. Tags ---- [merek](/tag/merek)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran kedua dari artikel dengan judul sama yang ditulis oleh Fahmi Ramadhan Firdaus, S.H., M.H. dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada 14 Januari 2020 kemudian dimutakhirkan pertama kali pada Jumat, 11 Februari 2022.KLINIK TERKAITAdakah Larangan PNS Hidup Mewah dan Sanksinya?05 Jun 2024Bolehkah PNS Punya Usaha Sampingan?12 Jan 2023PNS Direkrut Jadi Tenaga Ahli, Bisakah?08 Feb 2021Apakah Gaji PNS Dibebani Pajak Penghasilan?21 Des 2020Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.Pakta integritas diatur melalui Permen PANRB 49/2011. Substansinya dituangkan ke dalam dokumen pakta integritas. Berdasarkan ketentuan Pasal 1 angka 1 Permen PANRB 49/2011, diterangkan bahwa dokumen pakta integritas adalah dokumen yang berisi pernyataan atau janji kepada diri sendiri tentang komitmen melaksanakan seluruh tugas, fungsi, tanggung jawab, wewenang dan peran sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan dan kesanggupan untuk tidak melakukan korupsi, kolusi, dan nepotisme.Definisi secara EtimologiBelajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Merujuk pengertian secara etimologi, mari simak definisi dari “pakta” dan “integritas”. Menurut KBBI, integritas adalah mutu, sifat, atau keadaan yang menunjukkan kesatuan yang utuh sehingga memiliki potensi dan kemampuan yang memancarkan kewibawaan atau kejujuran.Kemudian, arti dari pakta adalah bentuk perjanjian yang merupakan persetujuan (tertulis atau dengan lisan) yang dibuat oleh dua pihak atau lebih, masing-masing bersepakat akan menaati apa yang tersebut dalam persetujuan itu.Jika digabungkan, pakta integritas adalah perjanjian yang merupakan persetujuan yang dibuat oleh dua pihak tentang kesepakatan akan mutu, potensi, dan/atau kemampuan dalam menjaga wibawa atau kejujuran.Isi Secara Garis BesarUmumnya, pakta integritas wajib ditandatangani para Aparatur Sipil Negara (“ASN”). Isi dari antara masing-masing instansi dari para ASN mungkin memiliki sedikit perbedaan, sebagai contoh pakta integritas ASN yang bekerja di Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan (“BPK”) mungkin berbeda dengan pakta integritas Polri.Namun, secara garis besar, isinya adalah sebagai berikut.[1]Ikut serta dalam upaya mencegah korupsi, kolusi dan nepotisme serta tidak melakukan perbuatan tercela.Tidak meminta atau menerima suap, gratifikasi atau bentuk lainnya yang bertentangan dengan peraturan perundang-undangan.Bersikap jujur, transparan dan akuntabel dalam menjalankan tugas.Menghindari pertentangan kepentingan (conflict of interest) dalam pelaksanaan tugas.Memberikan contoh pelaksanaan kinerja berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan kepada bawahan.Menyampaikan penyimpangan integritas di instansi terkait dan menjaga kerahasiaan saksi.Apabila melanggar, maka akan menerima konsekuensi hukum.Contoh Pakta IntegritasUntuk memperjelas, berikut poin-poin atau isi pakta integritas dari disarikan dari laman Badan Reserse Kriminal Polri Direktorat Tindak Pidana Korupsi:Berperan secara proaktif dalam upaya pencegahan dan pemberantasan korupsi, kolusi, dan nepotisme serta tidak melibatkan diri dalam perbuatan tercela;Tidak meminta atau menerima pemberian secara langsung atau tidak langsung berupa suap, hadiah, bantuan, atau bentuk lainnya yang tidak sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku;Bersikap transparan, jujur, objektif, dan akuntabel dalam melaksanakan tugas;Menghindari pertentangan kepentingan dalam melaksanakan tugas;Memberi contoh dalam kepatuhan terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan dalam melaksanakan tugas, terutama kepada karyawan yang berada di bawah pengawasan saya dan sesama pegawai di lingkungan kerja saya secara konsisten;Akan menyampaikan informasi penyimpangan integritas di Dittipidkor Bareskrim Polri serta turut menjaga kerahasiaan saksi atas pelanggaran peraturan yang dilaporkannya; danBila melanggar hal-hal tersebut di atas, siap menghadapi konsekuensinya.Sementara itu, isi pakta integritas yang disarikan dari laman Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan, antara lain:Tidak akan melakukan praktik korupsi, kolusi, dan nepotisme (KKN);Tidak akan melakukan komunikasi yang mengarah pada KKN;Tidak akan memberikan sesuatu yang berkaitan yang dapat dikategorikan sebagai gratifikasi;Akan melaporkan kepada pihak yang berwenang apabila mengetahui adanya indikasi praktik KKN; danBersedia dikenakan sanksi sesuai perundang-undangan bila melanggar pernyataan dalam pakta integritas.Tujuan dari Pakta IntegritasPelaksanaan pakta integritas diwajibkan bagi para pimpinan kementerian/lembaga dan pemerintah daerah, para pejabat serta seluruh pegawai negeri sipil di lingkungan kementerian/lembaga dan pemerintah daerah dan diawali dengan penandatanganan dokumen pakta integritas.[2]Tujuan pakta integritas, antara lain:[3]Memperkuat komitmen bersama dalam pencegahan dan pemberantasan korupsi;Menumbuhkembangkan keterbukaan dan kejujuran, serta memperlancar pelaksanaan tugas yang berkualitas, efektif, efisien, dan akuntabel;Mewujudkan pemerintah dan masyarakat Indonesia yang maju, mandiri, bertanggung jawab, dan bermartabat dengan dilandasi oleh nilai-nilai luhur budaya bangsa, UUD 1945, dan Pancasila.Berdasarkan uraian tersebut, pakta integritas merupakan perjanjian yang dibuat bersama oleh pejabat di lingkungan kementerian/lembaga dan pemerintah daerah yang berfungsi untuk menegaskan komitmen dalam menjalankan kewenangan dengan jujur sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan dan kesanggupan untuk tidak melakukan korupsi, kolusi, dan nepotisme. Pelaksanaannya merupakan wujud pencegahan dan pemberantasan korupsi dalam pelaksanaan pemerintahan yang transparan dan akuntabel.Pengawasan Pelaksanaan Pakta IntegritasMenurut hemat kami, penandatanganan atau janji yang tertuang tidak hanya bersifat seremonial semata. Terdapat pengawasan berupa pemantauan dan evaluasi dalam pelaksanaannya.[4]Pengawasan dilakukan oleh Forum Pemantau Independen yang dibentuk oleh kementerian/lembaga dan pemerintah daerah yang bersangkutan. Forum Pemantau Independen beranggotakan unsur-unsur yang mewakili Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat (LSM) anti korupsi atau tokoh masyarakat, perguruan tinggi, dan dunia usaha. Anggota Forum Pemantau Independen wajib menandatangani dokumen pakta integritas.[5]Forum Pemantau Independen wajib menyusun kode etik yang menjadi dasar dalam tugas pengawasan terhadap pelaksanaan pakta integritas. Penyusunan kode etik dilakukan bersama dengan pihak kementerian/lembaga dan pemerintah daerah.[6]Dalam menjalankan fungsinya, Forum Pemantau Independen berhak mendapatkan informasi yang berhubungan dengan pelaksanaan pakta integritas. Penyediaan informasi mengacu kepada UU 14/2008.[7]Sesungguhnya, penandatanganan pakta integritas hanya akan bersifat formalitas dan tidak otomatis membuat sebuah institusi menjadi lebih transparan dan akuntabel jika tidak diikuti dengan sikap integritas para aparatur pelaksananya.Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwibahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut di sini.Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat.DASAR HUKUMUndang-Undang Nomor 14 Tahun 2008 tentang Keterbukaan Informasi PublikPeraturan Menteri Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi Nomor 49 Tahun 2011 tentang Pedoman Umum Pakta Integritas di Lingkungan Kementerian/Lembaga dan Pemerintah DaerahREFERENSIBadan Reserse Kriminal Polri Direktorat Tindak Pidana Korupsi, yang diakses pada Jumat, 24 Maret 2023 pukul 13.41 WIB;Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan, yang diakses pada Jumat, 24 Maret 2023 pukul 13.56 WIB;Integritas, yang diakses pada Jumat, 24 Maret 2023 pukul 14. 13 WIB;Pakta, yang diakses pada Jumat, 24 Maret 2023 pukul 14. 13 WIB.[1] Lampiran I Peraturan Menteri Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi Nomor 49 Tahun 2011 tentang Pedoman Umum Pakta Integritas di Lingkungan Kementerian/Lembaga dan Pemerintah Daerah (”Permen PANRB 49/2011”)[2] Pasal 4 Permen PANRB 49/2011[3] Pasal 3 Permen PANRB 49/2011[4] Pasal 9 Permen PANRB 49/2011[5] Pasal 10 ayat (1), (2), dan (3) Permen PANRB 49/2011[6] Pasal 11 ayat 1) dan (2) Permen PANRB 49/2011[7] Pasal 12 Permen PANRB 49/2011Tagsaparatur sipil negarahukumonlinekementeriankorupsilembaga pemerintahnepotismepegawai negeri sipilpemdaperjanjianpns
Apa sebenarnya fungsi pakta integritas, padahal aturan dan sanksinya juga sudah ada? Mohon pendapat hukumnya.
Pakta integritas adalah dokumen yang berisi pernyataan atau janji kepada diri sendiri tentang komitmen melaksanakan seluruh tugas, fungsi, tanggung jawab, wewenang dan peran sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan dan kesanggupan untuk tidak melakukan korupsi, kolusi, dan nepotisme. Pakta integritas adalah perjanjian yang dibuat bersama oleh pejabat di lingkungan kementerian/lembaga dan pemerintah daerah yang berfungsi untuk menegaskan komitmen dalam menjalankan kewenangan dengan jujur sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan dan kesanggupan untuk tidak melakukan korupsi, kolusi dan nepotisme. Lantas, apa isi pakta integritas dan pengawasan pelaksanaannya? Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda simak dalam ulasan di bawah ini Adakah Larangan PNS Hidup Mewah dan Sanksinya?05 Jun 2024Bolehkah PNS Punya Usaha Sampingan?12 Jan 2023PNS Direkrut Jadi Tenaga Ahli, Bisakah?08 Feb 2021Apakah Gaji PNS Dibebani Pajak Penghasilan?21 Des 2020Adakah Larangan PNS Hidup Mewah dan Sanksinya?05 Jun 2024Bolehkah PNS Punya Usaha Sampingan?12 Jan 2023PNS Direkrut Jadi Tenaga Ahli, Bisakah?08 Feb 2021Apakah Gaji PNS Dibebani Pajak Penghasilan?21 Des 2020Somasi: Pengertian, Dasar Hukum, dan Cara Membuatnya 7 Jun 2023Mau Melaporkan Tindak Pidana ke Polisi? Begini Prosedurnya21 Des 2022Baca Tips Ini Sebelum Menggunakan Karya Cipta Milik Umum28 Feb 2023Somasi: Pengertian, Dasar Hukum, dan Cara Membuatnya 7 Jun 2023Mau Melaporkan Tindak Pidana ke Polisi? Begini Prosedurnya21 Des 2022Baca Tips Ini Sebelum Menggunakan Karya Cipta Milik Umum28 Feb 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/pakta-integritas-dan-tujuannya-lt5e1d72765547e/
Mengenal Pakta Integritas dan Tujuannya
pages/153/page-5.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran kedua dari artikel dengan judul sama yang ditulis oleh [Fahmi Ramadhan Firdaus, S.H., M.H.](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/pusat-pengkajian-pancasila-dan-konstitusi-puskapsi-fh-universitas-jember-lt5c9c63ff905eb/fahmi-ramadhan-firdaus--sh--mh-lt5c9c65d81791a) dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada 14 Januari 2020 kemudian dimutakhirkan pertama kali pada Jumat, 11 Februari 2022.** ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Adakah Larangan PNS Hidup Mewah dan Sanksinya? ](/klinik/a/adakah-larangan-pns-hidup-mewah-dan-sanksinya-lt6419864c64d98/) ![Adakah Larangan PNS Hidup Mewah dan Sanksinya?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt6419864c64d98/thumbnail_lt6419870e001ab.jpg) 05 Jun 2024 [ #### Bolehkah PNS Punya Usaha Sampingan? ](/klinik/a/bolehkah-pns-punya-usaha-sampingan-lt4f59ecd4a53fb/) ![Bolehkah PNS Punya Usaha Sampingan?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt4f59ecd4a53fb/thumbnail_lt63c0b2a1e64bb.jpg) 12 Jan 2023 [ #### PNS Direkrut Jadi Tenaga Ahli, Bisakah? ](/klinik/a/pns-direkrut-jadi-tenaga-ahli-bisakah--lt60210f4904678/) ![PNS Direkrut Jadi Tenaga Ahli, Bisakah?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt60210f4904678/thumbnail_lt60211235bdeb6.jpg) 08 Feb 2021 [ #### Apakah Gaji PNS Dibebani Pajak Penghasilan? ](/klinik/a/apakah-gaji-pns-dibebani-pajak-penghasilan--lt5fe0280dcdfee/) ![Apakah Gaji PNS Dibebani Pajak Penghasilan?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt5fe0280dcdfee/thumbnail_lt5fe0462a776a2.jpg) 21 Des 2020 [](#!) Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat **[Pernyataan Penyangkalan](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer)** selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan **[Konsultan Mitra Justika](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika)****.** Pakta integritas diatur melalui [**Permen PANRB 49/2011**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5601d35891d88/peraturan-menteri-pendayagunaan-aparatur-negara-dan-reformasi-birokrasi-nomor-49-tahun-2011#dokumen?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=permen_panrb_49_2011). Substansinya dituangkan ke dalam dokumen pakta integritas. Berdasarkan ketentuan **Pasal 1 angka 1 Permen PANRB 49/2011**, diterangkan bahwa dokumen pakta integritas adalah dokumen yang berisi pernyataan atau janji kepada diri sendiri tentang komitmen melaksanakan seluruh tugas, fungsi, tanggung jawab, wewenang dan peran sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan dan kesanggupan untuk tidak melakukan korupsi, kolusi, dan nepotisme. ### **Definisi secara Etimologi** Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Merujuk pengertian secara etimologi, mari simak definisi dari “pakta” dan “integritas”. Menurut **KBBI**, [integritas](https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/integritas) adalah mutu, sifat, atau keadaan yang menunjukkan kesatuan yang utuh sehingga memiliki potensi dan kemampuan yang memancarkan kewibawaan atau kejujuran. Kemudian, arti dari [pakta](https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/pakta) adalah bentuk perjanjian yang merupakan persetujuan (tertulis atau dengan lisan) yang dibuat oleh dua pihak atau lebih, masing-masing bersepakat akan menaati apa yang tersebut dalam persetujuan itu. Jika digabungkan, pakta integritas adalah perjanjian yang merupakan persetujuan yang dibuat oleh dua pihak tentang kesepakatan akan mutu, potensi, dan/atau kemampuan dalam menjaga wibawa atau kejujuran. ### **Isi Secara Garis Besar** Umumnya, pakta integritas wajib ditandatangani para Aparatur Sipil Negara (“ASN”). Isi dari antara masing-masing instansi dari para ASN mungkin memiliki sedikit perbedaan, sebagai contoh pakta integritas ASN yang bekerja di Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan (“BPK”) mungkin berbeda dengan pakta integritas Polri. Namun, secara garis besar, isinya adalah sebagai berikut.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) 1. Ikut serta dalam upaya mencegah korupsi, kolusi dan nepotisme serta tidak melakukan perbuatan tercela. 2. Tidak meminta atau menerima suap, gratifikasi atau bentuk lainnya yang bertentangan dengan peraturan perundang-undangan. 3. Bersikap jujur, transparan dan akuntabel dalam menjalankan tugas. 4. Menghindari pertentangan kepentingan (_conflict of interest_) dalam pelaksanaan tugas. 5. Memberikan contoh pelaksanaan kinerja berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan kepada bawahan. 6. Menyampaikan penyimpangan integritas di instansi terkait dan menjaga kerahasiaan saksi. 7. Apabila melanggar, maka akan menerima konsekuensi hukum. ### **Contoh Pakta Integritas** Untuk memperjelas, berikut poin-poin atau isi pakta integritas dari disarikan dari laman **[Badan Reserse Kriminal Polri Direktorat Tindak Pidana Korupsi](https://zi.tipidkorpolri.info/files/Pakta-Integritas-Subdit-1-Update.pdf)**: 1. Berperan secara proaktif dalam upaya pencegahan dan pemberantasan korupsi, kolusi, dan nepotisme serta tidak melibatkan diri dalam perbuatan tercela; 2. Tidak meminta atau menerima pemberian secara langsung atau tidak langsung berupa suap, hadiah, bantuan, atau bentuk lainnya yang tidak sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku; 3. Bersikap transparan, jujur, objektif, dan akuntabel dalam melaksanakan tugas; 4. Menghindari pertentangan kepentingan dalam melaksanakan tugas; 5. Memberi contoh dalam kepatuhan terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan dalam melaksanakan tugas, terutama kepada karyawan yang berada di bawah pengawasan saya dan sesama pegawai di lingkungan kerja saya secara konsisten; 6. Akan menyampaikan informasi penyimpangan integritas di Dittipidkor Bareskrim Polri serta turut menjaga kerahasiaan saksi atas pelanggaran peraturan yang dilaporkannya; dan 7. Bila melanggar hal-hal tersebut di atas, siap menghadapi konsekuensinya. Sementara itu, isi pakta integritas yang disarikan dari laman [**Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan**](https://www.bpk.go.id/assets/files/storage/2016/01/file_storage_1452246419.pdf)**,** antara lain: 1. Tidak akan melakukan praktik korupsi, kolusi, dan nepotisme (KKN); 2. Tidak akan melakukan komunikasi yang mengarah pada KKN; 3. Tidak akan memberikan sesuatu yang berkaitan yang dapat dikategorikan sebagai gratifikasi; 4. Akan melaporkan kepada pihak yang berwenang apabila mengetahui adanya indikasi praktik KKN; dan 5. Bersedia dikenakan sanksi sesuai perundang-undangan bila melanggar pernyataan dalam pakta integritas. ### **Tujuan dari Pakta Integritas** Pelaksanaan pakta integritas diwajibkan bagi para pimpinan kementerian/lembaga dan pemerintah daerah, para pejabat serta seluruh [pegawai negeri sipil](https://www.hukumonline.com/kamus/p/pegawai-negeri-sipil) di lingkungan kementerian/lembaga dan pemerintah daerah dan diawali dengan penandatanganan dokumen pakta integritas.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Tujuan pakta integritas, antara lain:[\[3\]](#_ftn3) 1. Memperkuat komitmen bersama dalam pencegahan dan pemberantasan korupsi; 2. Menumbuhkembangkan keterbukaan dan kejujuran, serta memperlancar pelaksanaan tugas yang berkualitas, efektif, efisien, dan akuntabel; 3. Mewujudkan pemerintah dan masyarakat Indonesia yang maju, mandiri, bertanggung jawab, dan bermartabat dengan dilandasi oleh nilai-nilai luhur budaya bangsa, **[UUD 1945](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4ca2eb6dd2834/undang-undang-dasar-1945?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UUD_1945)**, dan Pancasila. Berdasarkan uraian tersebut, pakta integritas merupakan perjanjian yang dibuat bersama oleh pejabat di lingkungan kementerian/lembaga dan pemerintah daerah yang berfungsi untuk menegaskan komitmen dalam menjalankan kewenangan dengan jujur sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan dan kesanggupan untuk tidak melakukan korupsi, kolusi, dan nepotisme. Pelaksanaannya merupakan wujud pencegahan dan pemberantasan korupsi dalam pelaksanaan pemerintahan yang transparan dan akuntabel. ### **Pengawasan Pelaksanaan Pakta Integritas** Menurut hemat kami, penandatanganan atau janji yang tertuang tidak hanya bersifat seremonial semata. Terdapat pengawasan berupa pemantauan dan evaluasi dalam pelaksanaannya.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) Pengawasan dilakukan oleh Forum Pemantau Independen yang dibentuk oleh kementerian/lembaga dan pemerintah daerah yang bersangkutan. Forum Pemantau Independen beranggotakan unsur-unsur yang mewakili Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat (LSM) anti korupsi atau tokoh masyarakat, perguruan tinggi, dan dunia usaha. Anggota Forum Pemantau Independen wajib menandatangani dokumen pakta integritas.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) Forum Pemantau Independen wajib menyusun kode etik yang menjadi dasar dalam tugas pengawasan terhadap pelaksanaan pakta integritas. Penyusunan kode etik dilakukan bersama dengan pihak kementerian/lembaga dan pemerintah daerah.[\[6\]](#_ftn6) Dalam menjalankan fungsinya, Forum Pemantau Independen berhak mendapatkan informasi yang berhubungan dengan pelaksanaan pakta integritas. Penyediaan informasi mengacu kepada **[UU 14/2008](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/28065/undangundang-nomor-14-tahun-2008?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_14_2008)**.[\[7\]](#_ftn7) Sesungguhnya, penandatanganan pakta integritas hanya akan bersifat formalitas dan tidak otomatis membuat sebuah institusi menjadi lebih transparan dan akuntabel jika tidak diikuti dengan sikap integritas para aparatur pelaksananya. Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwibahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut [di sini](https://pro.hukumonline.com/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=cta&utm_campaign=artikel_klinik). Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Undang-Undang Nomor 14 Tahun 2008 tentang Keterbukaan Informasi Publik [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/28065/undangundang-nomor-14-tahun-2008?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_14_2008) Peraturan Menteri Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi Nomor 49 Tahun 2011 tentang Pedoman Umum Pakta Integritas di Lingkungan Kementerian/Lembaga dan Pemerintah Daerah [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5601d35891d88/peraturan-menteri-pendayagunaan-aparatur-negara-dan-reformasi-birokrasi-nomor-49-tahun-2011#dokumen?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=permen_panrb_49_2011) REFERENSI --------- 1. [Badan Reserse Kriminal Polri Direktorat Tindak Pidana Korupsi](https://zi.tipidkorpolri.info/files/Pakta-Integritas-Subdit-1-Update.pdf), yang diakses pada Jumat, 24 Maret 2023 pukul 13.41 WIB; 2. [Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan](https://www.bpk.go.id/assets/files/storage/2016/01/file_storage_1452246419.pdf), yang diakses pada Jumat, 24 Maret 2023 pukul 13.56 WIB; 3. [Integritas](https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/integritas), yang diakses pada Jumat, 24 Maret 2023 pukul 14. 13 WIB; 4. [Pakta](https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/pakta), yang diakses pada Jumat, 24 Maret 2023 pukul 14. 13 WIB. * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Lampiran I [Peraturan Menteri Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi Nomor 49 Tahun 2011 tentang Pedoman Umum Pakta Integritas di Lingkungan Kementerian/Lembaga dan Pemerintah Daerah](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5601d35891d88/peraturan-menteri-pendayagunaan-aparatur-negara-dan-reformasi-birokrasi-nomor-49-tahun-2011#dokumen?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=permen_panrb_49_2011) (”Permen PANRB 49/2011”) [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal 4 Permen PANRB 49/2011 [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 3 Permen PANRB 49/2011 [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 9 Permen PANRB 49/2011 [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Pasal 10 ayat (1), (2), dan (3) Permen PANRB 49/2011 [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Pasal 11 ayat 1) dan (2) Permen PANRB 49/2011 [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Pasal 12 Permen PANRB 49/2011 Tags ---- [aparatur sipil negara](/tag/aparatur-sipil-negara) [hukumonline](/tag/hukumonline) [kementerian](/tag/kementerian) [korupsi](/tag/korupsi) [lembaga pemerintah](/tag/lembaga-pemerintah) [nepotisme](/tag/nepotisme) [pegawai negeri sipil](/tag/pegawai-negeri-sipil) [pemda](/tag/pemda) [perjanjian](/tag/perjanjian) [pns](/tag/pns)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.  Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul PHK Pekerja Sakit Jiwa yang dibuat oleh Umar Kasim, dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Rabu, 23 Juni 2010.KLINIK TERKAITAturan PHK karena Sakit Tanpa Surat Dokter17 Mei 2024Hak Ahli Waris Pekerja yang Meninggal Saat Proses PHK27 Feb 2023Tata Cara PHK dan Penyelesaian Perselisihannya07 Nov 2022Nekat Mem-PHK Karyawan yang Sakit, Ini Konsekuensinya10 Des 2021Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.Alasan PHK bagi Pekerja yang Sakit Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja atau PHK adalah pengakhiran hubungan kerja karena suatu hal tertentu yang mengakibatkan berakhirnya hak dan kewajiban antara pekerja/buruh dan pengusaha.[1]Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Pada dasarnya setiap perusahaan dilarang melakukan PHK secara sepihak kepada pekerja tanpa adanya alasan PHK yang jelas sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 81 angka 45 Perppu Cipta Kerja yang telah disahkan menjadi undang-undang pada 21 Maret 2023 yang memuat baru Pasal 154 ayat (1) UU Ketenagakerjaan.Terkait dengan pertanyaan Anda, terdapat salah satu alasan PHK yang dibenarkan menurut undang-undang yaitu pekerja mengalami sakit berkepanjangan atau cacat akibat kecelakaan kerja dan tidak dapat melakukan pekerjaannya setelah melampaui batas 12 bulan.[2]Bagaimana dengan pekerja yang mengalami sakit gangguan jiwa yang kadang muncul kemudian kadang sehat kembali, namun penyakit tersebut tidak terjadi sampai 12 bulan secara berturut-turut atau terus menerus?Menurut Pasal Pasal 81 angka 43 Perppu Cipta Kerja yang mengubah Pasal 153 ayat (1) huruf a UU Ketenagakerjaan pengusaha dilarang melakukan PHK kepada pekerja dengan alasan berhalangan masuk kerja karena sakit menurut keterangan dokter selama waktu tidak melampaui 12 bulan secara terus-menerus.Dari penjelasan isi pasal di atas dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa pengusaha dilarang melakukan PHK pekerja dengan alasan sakit selama tidak melampaui waktu selama 12 bulan secara terus menerus.Lantas, apakah sakit jiwa kambuhan termasuk dalam kategori sakit berkepanjangan yang menjadi alasan larangan melakukan PHK terhadap pekerja/buruh? Dikutip dari artikel Definisi Mental Illness (Gangguan Mental) yang dirilis oleh Kementerian Kesehatan mendefinisikan mental illness (mental disorder) atau gangguan mental/jiwa, adalah kondisi kesehatan yang mempengaruhi pemikiran, perasaan, perilaku, suasana hati, atau kombinasi diantaranya. Kondisi ini dapat terjadi sesekali atau berlangsung dalam waktu yang lama (kronis). Gangguan kesehatan mental termasuk penyakit yang dapat diobati.Berdasarkan keterangan tersebut, maka sakit jiwa atau gangguan mental termasuk dalam kondisi kesehatan atau suatu penyakit. Sehingga, kondisi tersebut termasuk dalam kategori sakit yang dimaksud di dalam Perppu Cipta Kerja yang mengubah UU Ketenagakerjaan sebagaimana disebutkan di atas.Apabila pengusaha tetap melakukan PHK karena alasan sakit jiwa kambuhan namun tidak melampaui waktu 12 bulan secara terus menerus, PHK batal demi hukum dan pengusaha wajib mempekerjakan kembali pekerja/buruh yang bersangkutan.[3]Namun jika pekerja yang bersangkutan sakit jiwa namun tidak dapat memberikan surat/keterangan sakit dari dokter, maka perusahaan dapat melakukan PHK kepada pekerja dengan kategori mangkir. Selengkapnya dapat Anda baca dalam artikel Bisakah Pekerja Di-PHK karena Sakit Tanpa Surat Dokter?Hak-hak Pekerja yang Sakit Jiwa KambuhanPekerja yang sakit, termasuk sakit jiwa (gangguan mental) pada dasarnya tetap berhak atas upah.[4] Adapun ketentuan upah terhadap pekerja yang sakit berkepanjangan diatur secara berjenjang yaitu:[5]untuk 4 bulan pertama dibayar 100% dari upah;untuk 4 bulan kedua dibayar 75% dari upah;untuk 4 bulan ketiga dibayar 50% dari upah; danuntuk bulan selanjutnya dibayar 25% dari upah sebelum PHK dilakukan oleh pengusaha.Namun demikian, jika pekerja tersebut di-PHK karena alasan sakit berkepanjangan dan setelah melampaui batas 12 bulan, maka ia berhak atas pesangon PHK 2 kali ketentuan, uang penghargaan masa kerja 1 kali ketentuan, dan uang pengganti hak.[6]Baca juga: Hak Pekerja yang Terkena PHK dan yang Mengundurkan DiriKesimpulannya, pengusaha atau perusahaan tidak dapat melakukan PHK karena alasan pekerja sakit jiwa dan sering kambuh jika pekerja tersebut memberikan surat keterangan dokter serta tidak melampaui 12 bulan secara terus menerus. Alasan PHK terhadap pekerja yang sakit berkepanjangan yang dibenarkan undang-undang adalah jika pekerja tidak dapat melakukan pekerjaannya setelah melampaui batas waktu 12 bulan.Dalam pertanyaan Anda disebutkan bahwa alasan 12 bulan terus menerus tidak dapat dipenuhi, sehingga PHK terhadap pekerja yang sakit jiwa tidak dapat dibenarkan. Jika pengusaha tetap melakukan PHK, maka keputusan PHK tersebut batal demi hukum.Demikian jawaban dari kami tentang PHK pekerja yang sakit jiwa, semoga bermanfaat.DASAR HUKUMUndang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang KetenagakerjaanPeraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 tahun 2022 Tentang Cipta KerjaPeraturan Pemerintah Nomor 35 Tahun 2021 tentang Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tertentu, Alih Daya, Waktu Kerja dan Waktu Istirahat, dan Pemutusan Hubungan KerjaREFERENSIDefinisi Mental Illness (Gangguan Mental) yang diakses pada Senin, 24 Maret 2023 pukul 12.15 WIB.[1] Pasal 1 angka 25 Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan (“UU Ketenagakerjaan”)[2] Pasal 81 angka 45 Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja (“Perppu Cipta Kerja) yang telah disahkan menjadi undang-undang pada 21 Maret 2023 yang memuat baru Pasal 154A ayat (1) huruf m UU Ketenagakerjaan[3] Pasal 81 angka 43 Perppu Cipta Kerja yang mengubah Pasal 153 ayat (2) UU Ketenagakerjaan[4] Pasal 93 ayat (2) huruf a UU Ketenagakerjaan[5] Pasal 93 ayat (3) UU Ketenagakerjaan[6] Pasal 55 ayat (1) Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 35 Tahun 2021 tentang Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tertentu, Alih Daya, Waktu Kerja dan Waktu Istirahat, dan Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja Tagsphksakituu ketenagakerjaan
Di perusahaan di mana saya bekerja terdapat 2 orang sakit jiwa kambuhan. Bagaimana cara PHK kedua orang itu menurut Undang-Undang Ketenagakerjaan. Sulitnya yang kami hadapi adalah penyakit tersebut kadang datang kadang sehat, sehingga untuk memenuhi ketentuan 12 bulan secara terus-menerus tidak terpenuhi. Mohon sarannya. Terima kasih.
Pada dasarnya setiap perusahaan dilarang melakukan pemutusan hubungan kerja atau PHK secara sepihak kepada pekerja tanpa adanya alasan PHK yang jelas sebagaimana diatur dalam undang-undang. Salah satu alasan PHK yang dibenarkan adalah karena pekerja sakit berkepanjangan, termasuk sakit jiwa atau gangguan mental. Namun demikian, untuk melakukan PHK terhadap pekerja yang sakit berkepanjangan terdapat ketentuan yang harus dipatuhi. Bagaimana aturannya? Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Aturan PHK karena Sakit Tanpa Surat Dokter17 Mei 2024Hak Ahli Waris Pekerja yang Meninggal Saat Proses PHK27 Feb 2023Tata Cara PHK dan Penyelesaian Perselisihannya07 Nov 2022Nekat Mem-PHK Karyawan yang Sakit, Ini Konsekuensinya10 Des 2021Aturan PHK karena Sakit Tanpa Surat Dokter17 Mei 2024Hak Ahli Waris Pekerja yang Meninggal Saat Proses PHK27 Feb 2023Tata Cara PHK dan Penyelesaian Perselisihannya07 Nov 2022Nekat Mem-PHK Karyawan yang Sakit, Ini Konsekuensinya10 Des 2021Mau Melaporkan Tindak Pidana ke Polisi? Begini Prosedurnya21 Des 2022Somasi: Pengertian, Dasar Hukum, dan Cara Membuatnya 7 Jun 2023Tips Agar Terhindar dari Jebakan Saham Gorengan15 Agu 2023Mau Melaporkan Tindak Pidana ke Polisi? Begini Prosedurnya21 Des 2022Somasi: Pengertian, Dasar Hukum, dan Cara Membuatnya 7 Jun 2023Tips Agar Terhindar dari Jebakan Saham Gorengan15 Agu 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/bisakah-phk-pekerja-karena-alasan-sakit-jiwa-cl5570/
Bisakah PHK Pekerja karena Alasan Sakit Jiwa?
pages/153/page-6.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.   **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul _PHK Pekerja Sakit Jiwa_ yang dibuat oleh [Umar Kasim](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/INDOLaw-lt4b79f9cad28fa/umar-kasim-lt4b78d72b89322/), dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Rabu, 23 Juni 2010.** ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Aturan PHK karena Sakit Tanpa Surat Dokter ](/klinik/a/phk-karena-sakit-lt51aebde18c8d0/) ![Aturan PHK karena Sakit Tanpa Surat Dokter](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt51aebde18c8d0/thumbnail_lt66471f923ab5c.jpg) 17 Mei 2024 [ #### Hak Ahli Waris Pekerja yang Meninggal Saat Proses PHK ](/klinik/a/hak-ahli-waris-pekerja-yang-meninggal-saat-proses-phk-cl4940/) ![Hak Ahli Waris Pekerja yang Meninggal Saat Proses PHK](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/cl4940/thumbnail_lt63fd3cf07f8ac.jpg) 27 Feb 2023 [ #### Tata Cara PHK dan Penyelesaian Perselisihannya ](/klinik/a/tata-cara-phk-dan-penyelesaian-perselisihannya-lt544598a017569/) ![Tata Cara PHK dan Penyelesaian Perselisihannya](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt544598a017569/thumbnail_lt6368d528f220d.jpg) 07 Nov 2022 [ #### Nekat Mem-PHK Karyawan yang Sakit, Ini Konsekuensinya ](/klinik/a/nekat-mem-phk-karyawan-yang-sakit--ini-konsekuensinya-lt591e381587d8f/) ![Nekat Mem-PHK Karyawan yang Sakit, Ini Konsekuensinya](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt591e381587d8f/thumbnail_lt61b303ca4bdee.jpg) 10 Des 2021 [](#!) Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika)**.** ### **Alasan PHK bagi Pekerja yang Sakit** Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja atau PHK adalah pengakhiran hubungan kerja karena suatu hal tertentu yang mengakibatkan berakhirnya hak dan kewajiban antara pekerja/buruh dan pengusaha.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Pada dasarnya setiap perusahaan dilarang melakukan PHK secara sepihak kepada pekerja tanpa adanya alasan PHK yang jelas sebagaimana diatur dalam **Pasal 81 angka 45 [Perppu Cipta Kerja](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022)** yang telah disahkan menjadi undang-undang pada 21 Maret 2023 **yang memuat baru Pasal 154 ayat (1) [UU Ketenagakerjaan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13146/undangundang-nomor-13-tahun-2003/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_Ketenagakerjaan)**. Terkait dengan pertanyaan Anda, terdapat salah satu alasan PHK yang dibenarkan menurut undang-undang yaitu **pekerja mengalami sakit berkepanjangan** atau cacat akibat kecelakaan kerja dan **tidak dapat melakukan pekerjaannya setelah melampaui batas 12 bulan**.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Bagaimana dengan pekerja yang mengalami sakit gangguan jiwa yang kadang muncul kemudian kadang sehat kembali, namun penyakit tersebut tidak terjadi sampai 12 bulan secara berturut-turut atau terus menerus? Menurut **Pasal Pasal 81 angka 43** **Perppu Cipta Kerja yang mengubah Pasal 153 ayat (1) huruf a UU Ketenagakerjaan** pengusaha dilarang melakukan PHK kepada pekerja dengan alasan berhalangan masuk kerja karena sakit menurut keterangan dokter selama waktu tidak melampaui 12 bulan secara terus-menerus. Dari penjelasan isi pasal di atas dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa pengusaha dilarang melakukan PHK pekerja dengan alasan sakit selama tidak melampaui waktu selama 12 bulan secara terus menerus. Lantas, apakah sakit jiwa kambuhan termasuk dalam kategori sakit berkepanjangan yang menjadi alasan larangan melakukan PHK terhadap pekerja/buruh? Dikutip dari artikel **[Definisi Mental Illness (Gangguan Mental)](https://yankes.kemkes.go.id/view_artikel/1314/definisi-mental-illnessgangguan-mental)** yang dirilis oleh Kementerian Kesehatan mendefinisikan _mental illness_ (_mental disorder_) atau gangguan mental/jiwa, adalah kondisi kesehatan yang mempengaruhi pemikiran, perasaan, perilaku, suasana hati, atau kombinasi diantaranya. Kondisi ini dapat terjadi sesekali atau berlangsung dalam waktu yang lama (kronis). Gangguan kesehatan mental termasuk penyakit yang dapat diobati. Berdasarkan keterangan tersebut, maka sakit jiwa atau gangguan mental termasuk dalam kondisi kesehatan atau suatu penyakit. Sehingga, kondisi tersebut termasuk dalam kategori sakit yang dimaksud di dalam Perppu Cipta Kerja yang mengubah UU Ketenagakerjaan sebagaimana disebutkan di atas. Apabila pengusaha tetap melakukan PHK karena alasan sakit jiwa kambuhan namun tidak melampaui waktu 12 bulan secara terus menerus, PHK batal demi hukum dan pengusaha wajib mempekerjakan kembali pekerja/buruh yang bersangkutan_._[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Namun jika pekerja yang bersangkutan sakit jiwa namun tidak dapat memberikan surat/keterangan sakit dari dokter, maka perusahaan dapat melakukan PHK kepada pekerja dengan kategori mangkir. Selengkapnya dapat Anda baca dalam artikel **[Bisakah Pekerja Di-PHK karena Sakit Tanpa Surat Dokter?](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/phk-karena-sakit-lt51aebde18c8d0?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pekerja_sakit_tanpa_surat_dokter)** ### **Hak-hak Pekerja yang Sakit Jiwa Kambuhan** Pekerja yang sakit, termasuk sakit jiwa (gangguan mental) pada dasarnya tetap berhak atas upah.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) Adapun ketentuan upah terhadap pekerja yang sakit berkepanjangan diatur secara berjenjang yaitu:[\[5\]](#_ftn5) 1. untuk 4 bulan pertama dibayar 100% dari upah; 2. untuk 4 bulan kedua dibayar 75% dari upah; 3. untuk 4 bulan ketiga dibayar 50% dari upah; dan 4. untuk bulan selanjutnya dibayar 25% dari upah sebelum PHK dilakukan oleh pengusaha. Namun demikian, jika pekerja tersebut di-PHK karena alasan sakit berkepanjangan dan setelah melampaui batas 12 bulan, maka ia berhak atas pesangon PHK 2 kali ketentuan, uang penghargaan masa kerja 1 kali ketentuan, dan uang pengganti hak.[\[6\]](#_ftn6) Baca juga: **[Hak Pekerja yang Terkena PHK dan yang Mengundurkan Diri](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/hak-pekerja-yang-terkena-phk-dan-yang-mengundurkan-diri-cl2066?utm_source=instagram&utm_medium=ig_carousel&utm_campaign=hak_pekerja_phk?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=hak_pekerja_diPHK)** Kesimpulannya, pengusaha atau perusahaan tidak dapat melakukan PHK karena alasan pekerja sakit jiwa dan sering kambuh jika pekerja tersebut memberikan surat keterangan dokter serta tidak melampaui 12 bulan secara terus menerus. Alasan PHK terhadap pekerja yang sakit berkepanjangan yang dibenarkan undang-undang adalah jika pekerja tidak dapat melakukan pekerjaannya setelah melampaui batas waktu 12 bulan. Dalam pertanyaan Anda disebutkan bahwa alasan 12 bulan terus menerus tidak dapat dipenuhi, sehingga PHK terhadap pekerja yang sakit jiwa tidak dapat dibenarkan. Jika pengusaha tetap melakukan PHK, maka keputusan PHK tersebut batal demi hukum. Demikian jawaban dari kami tentang PHK pekerja yang sakit jiwa, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13146/undangundang-nomor-13-tahun-2003/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_Ketenagakerjaan) Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 tahun 2022 Tentang Cipta Kerja [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022) Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 35 Tahun 2021 tentang Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tertentu, Alih Daya, Waktu Kerja dan Waktu Istirahat, dan Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt60322c341518b/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-35-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_35_2021) REFERENSI --------- [Definisi Mental Illness (Gangguan Mental)](https://yankes.kemkes.go.id/view_artikel/1314/definisi-mental-illnessgangguan-mental) yang diakses pada Senin, 24 Maret 2023 pukul 12.15 WIB. * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Pasal 1 angka 25 [Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13146/undangundang-nomor-13-tahun-2003/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_Ketenagakerjaan) (“UU Ketenagakerjaan”) [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal 81 angka 45 [Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022) (“Perppu Cipta Kerja) yang telah disahkan menjadi undang-undang pada 21 Maret 2023 yang memuat baru Pasal 154A ayat (1) huruf m UU Ketenagakerjaan [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 81 angka 43 Perppu Cipta Kerja yang mengubah Pasal 153 ayat (2) UU Ketenagakerjaan [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 93 ayat (2) huruf a UU Ketenagakerjaan [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Pasal 93 ayat (3) UU Ketenagakerjaan [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Pasal 55 ayat (1) [Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 35 Tahun 2021 tentang Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tertentu, Alih Daya, Waktu Kerja dan Waktu Istirahat, dan Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt60322c341518b/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-35-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_35_2021) Tags ---- [phk](/tag/phk) [sakit](/tag/sakit) [uu ketenagakerjaan](/tag/uu-ketenagakerjaan)
ULASAN LENGKAPThis article is an English translation of Ingin Rujuk, Begini Cara Cabut Gugatan Cerai di Pengadilan written by Erizka Permatasari, S.H., and was published on Friday, 9 September 2022. This article below is an update of the article with the same title, which was first published on Friday, 2 July 2021. All legal information available on Klinik hukumonline.com has been prepared for educational purposes only and is general in nature (read the complete Disclaimer). In order to obtain legal advice specific to your case, please consult with Justika Partner Consultant.Before discussing how to do a withdrawal of divorce petition, specifically, let's first identify the concept of withdrawing or revoking a lawsuit. Revocation of a lawsuit can be interpreted as an act of withdrawing a lawsuit that has been registered at the court registrar.Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas In general, summarized from the Revocation of Civil Lawsuits Prior to the Examination Phase, the revocation of unexamined lawsuits shall be conducted with a letter as regulated in Rv.[1]So, does this provision also apply to the revocation of lawsuits in the Religious Courts?Revoke Unexamined Lawsuits in Religious CourtsIn essence, Law 7/1989 stipulates that the procedural law applicable within the religious court is the civil procedural law applicable to courts within the general court, except for those which have been specifically regulated under Law 7/1989 and its amendments.[2]As far as we are concerned, Law 7/1989 does not specifically address the revocation of lawsuits, thus the provision on the revocation of lawsuits in the Religious Courts refers to the civil procedural law applicable to courts within the general court, namely the provision under Rv as described above.It should be noted that in terms of the revocation of divorce cases, the High Court Judge of Bengkulu Religious High Court, Sarwohadi, in his writings About the Revocation of Lawsuits explains that in divorce cases, if the revocation of the lawsuit is carried out before obtaining the defendant's approval or after obtaining an answer from the defendant but the defendant agreed to it, one day the claim may be re-filed (p. 2).How to Revoke Divorce Lawsuits in Religious CourtsYahya Harahap in the Civil Procedure Code: On Lawsuits, Trials, Confiscations, Evidence and Court Decisions (pp.89-92) explains that there are 2 ways to revoke a lawsuit in terms of whether or not a case has been examined in court.1. If the lawsuit has not been examined in courtThe revocation of a divorce lawsuit that has not yet been examined in court becomes the absolute right of the plaintiff and does not require the consent of the defendant, which is to be carried out in the following way.Revocations are carried out by letter.Intended and submitted to the head of the court.Contain an affirmation of revocation of the lawsuit. Revocations which are undertaken verbally are invalid in principle and should be rejected. However, it can also be justified on conditions.Revocations are carried out in front of the head of the court or registrar.For the revocation concerned, a deed of revocation is drawn up, signed by the plaintiff and the head of the court/registrar, with the aim of creating and developing legal certainty as well as being evidence of the truth of the revocation.The head of the court shall complete the judicial administration of the revocation.In the event that the court summons has not yet been delivered to the defendant, the head of the court shall simply order the registrar to cross out the case from the register book.If the court summons has been delivered to the defendant, the judicial administration actions which must be completed by the head of court or panel are:order the bailiff to deliver the revocation notice to the defendant;notice of revocation may be submitted on the day of the determined hearing/trial; andorder the registrar to remove the case from the register book.2. If the lawsuit has been examined in courtRevocations are carried out in court.If the case has been examined, at least the defendant has submitted an answer, then the revocation must be carried out and submitted by the plaintiff at a court session which is attended by the parties. Ex-parte lawsuit revocations (without the presence of the defendant) are not permitted.Request the defendant's consent.The panel of judges then asked for the opinion of the defendant. The defendant may be given a timeframe to think and provide an answer in relation to his or her consent.If the defendant rejects the revocation of the lawsuit, then the panel of judges must:Comply with rejection.Submit a statement in court to continue the examination in accordance with the applicable provisions.Order the registrar to record the refusal in the official report of the trial, as authentic evidence of said refusal, and it is not necessary to include it in a stipulation or interlocutory decision.If the defendant approves the revocation of the lawsuit, then the panel of judges must:Issue of a decision or determination of revocation, which results in the settlement of the lawsuit (case) being final, i.e. the dispute between the plaintiff and the defendant ends.Order the revocation of the case from the register on the reasons for the revocation.In answer to your question, as a plaintiff, you are legally entitled to revoke a divorce lawsuit. Since the case has not yet been examined in court, you may submit a revocation letter to revoke your divorce lawsuit to the head of the Religious Court without the need for permission/approval from the defendant.Enrich your legal research with the latest bilingual legal analysis, as well as the collection of regulatory translations integrated into Hukumonline Pro, click here to learn more.These are the answers we can provide, we hope you will find them useful.Legal Basis:Reglement op de Rechtsvordering;Law Number 7 of 1989 on the Religious Judiciary as amended by Law Number 3 of 2006 on the Amendment to Law Number 7 of 1989 on the Religious Judiciary as amended for the second time by Law Number 50 of 2009 on the Amendment to Law Number 7 of 1989 on the Religious Judiciary.Reference:Yahya Harahap. Hukum Acara Perdata: Tentang Gugatan, Persidangan, Penyitaan, Pembuktian, dan Putusan Pengadilan. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2017;Sekitar Pencabutan Gugatan, accessed on Friday, 9 September 2022, at 10.30 West Indonesian Time (zone).[1] Article 272 Reglement op de Rechtsvordering (“Rv”).[2] Article 54 Law Number 7 of 1989 on the Religious Judiciary (“Law 7/1989”).Tagsklinik english edition
If the divorce lawsuit file has been submitted to the Religious Court, can you withdraw a divorce application? In fact, the first, second, and third trial, has never happened yet. Then, 6 days before the trial, we self-mediated with reconciliation results. Please explain how to revoke the divorce lawsuit. Thank you.
Legally, the plaintiff has the right to withdraw a lawsuit that has been registered at the court registrar or better known as the revocation of the lawsuit. If the sued case has not been examined in court, then the plaintiff has the right to revoke the lawsuit without the permission/approval of the defendant. Then, how to revoke a divorce lawsuit in court? Please read the review below for a further explanation. Catat! Ini 3 Aspek Hukum untuk Mendirikan Startup9 Mei 2023Langkah Jika Jual Beli Tanah HGB yang Belum Balik Nama15 Mei 2024Baca Tips Ini Sebelum Menggunakan Karya Cipta Milik Umum28 Feb 2023Catat! Ini 3 Aspek Hukum untuk Mendirikan Startup9 Mei 2023Langkah Jika Jual Beli Tanah HGB yang Belum Balik Nama15 Mei 2024Baca Tips Ini Sebelum Menggunakan Karya Cipta Milik Umum28 Feb 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/want-to-reconcile-here-s-how-to-do-withdrawal-of-divorce-petition-in-court-lt6419aea1e9cf2/
Want to Reconcile, Here's How to do Withdrawal of Divorce Petition in Court
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- This article is an English translation of [**_Ingin Rujuk, Begini Cara Cabut Gugatan Cerai di Pengadilan_**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/cabut-gugatan-cerai-lt608d81ab20339?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=ingin_rujuk_begini_cara_cabut_gugatan_cerai) written by [**Erizka Permatasari, S.H.**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/erizka-permatasari--sh-lt5f8445b8eca72), and was published on Friday, 9 September 2022. **This article below is an update of the article with the same title, which was first published on Friday, 2 July 2021.**  All legal information available on Klinik hukumonline.com has been prepared for educational purposes only and is general in nature (read the complete [**Disclaimer**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer)). In order to obtain legal advice specific to your case, please consult with [**Justika Partner Consultant**](https://www.justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). Before discussing how to do a withdrawal of divorce petition, specifically, let's first identify the concept of withdrawing or revoking a lawsuit. Revocation of a lawsuit can be interpreted as an act of withdrawing a lawsuit that has been registered at the court registrar. Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) In general, summarized from the [**Revocation of Civil Lawsuits Prior to the Examination Phase**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/pencabutan-gugatan-perdata-sebelum-masuk-tahap-pemeriksaan-lt58004186af718?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=cabut_gugatan_perdata), the revocation of unexamined lawsuits shall be conducted with a letter as regulated in [**Rv**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6352a7a5e35ee/reglement-op-de-rechtsvordering-rv-s-1847-52?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=RV).[\[1\]](#_ftn1) So, does this provision also apply to the revocation of lawsuits in the Religious Courts? ### **Revoke Unexamined Lawsuits in Religious Courts** In essence, [**Law 7/1989**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17803/undangundang-nomor-7-tahun-1989/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_7_1989) stipulates that the procedural law applicable within the religious court is the civil procedural law applicable to courts within the general court, except for those which have been specifically regulated under Law 7/1989 and its amendments.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) As far as we are concerned, Law 7/1989 does not specifically address the revocation of lawsuits, thus the provision on the revocation of lawsuits in the Religious Courts refers to the civil procedural law applicable to courts within the general court, namely the provision under Rv as described above. It should be noted that in terms of the revocation of divorce cases, the High Court Judge of Bengkulu Religious High Court, **Sarwohadi**, in his writings [**_About the Revocation of Lawsuits_**](https://www.pta-bengkulu.go.id/images/artikel/sekitar%20pencabutan%20gugatan.pdf) explains that in divorce cases, if the revocation of the lawsuit is carried out before obtaining the defendant's approval or after obtaining an answer from the defendant but the defendant agreed to it, one day the claim may be re-filed (p. 2). ### **How to Revoke Divorce Lawsuits in Religious Courts** **Yahya Harahap** in the _Civil Procedure Code: On Lawsuits, Trials, Confiscations, Evidence and Court Decisions_ (pp.89-92) explains that there are 2 ways to revoke a lawsuit in terms of whether or not a case has been examined in court. **1\. If the lawsuit has not been examined in court** The revocation of a divorce lawsuit that has not yet been examined in court becomes the absolute right of the plaintiff and does not require the consent of the defendant, which is to be carried out in the following way. * **Revocations are carried out by letter.** 1. Intended and submitted to the head of the court. 2. Contain an affirmation of revocation of the lawsuit. Revocations which are undertaken verbally are invalid in principle and should be rejected. However, it can also be justified on conditions. 3. Revocations are carried out in front of the head of the court or registrar. 4. For the revocation concerned, a deed of revocation is drawn up, signed by the plaintiff and the head of the court/registrar, with the aim of creating and developing legal certainty as well as being evidence of the truth of the revocation. * **The head of the court shall complete the judicial administration of the revocation.** 1. In the event that the court summons has not yet been delivered to the defendant, the head of the court shall simply order the registrar to cross out the case from the register book. 2. If the court summons has been delivered to the defendant, the judicial administration actions which must be completed by the head of court or panel are: * * order the bailiff to deliver the revocation notice to the defendant; * notice of revocation may be submitted on the day of the determined hearing/trial; and * order the registrar to remove the case from the register book. **2\. If the lawsuit has been examined in court** * **Revocations are carried out in court.** If the case has been examined, at least the defendant has submitted an answer, then the revocation must be carried out and submitted by the plaintiff at a court session which is attended by the parties. _Ex-parte_ lawsuit revocations (without the presence of the defendant) are not permitted. * **Request the defendant's consent.** The panel of judges then asked for the opinion of the defendant. The defendant may be given a timeframe to think and provide an answer in relation to his or her consent. If the defendant rejects the revocation of the lawsuit, then the panel of judges must: 1. Comply with rejection. 2. Submit a statement in court to continue the examination in accordance with the applicable provisions. 3. Order the registrar to record the refusal in the official report of the trial, as authentic evidence of said refusal, and it is not necessary to include it in a stipulation or interlocutory decision. If the defendant approves the revocation of the lawsuit, then the panel of judges must: 1. Issue of a decision or determination of revocation, which results in the settlement of the lawsuit (case) being final, i.e. the dispute between the plaintiff and the defendant ends. 2. Order the revocation of the case from the register on the reasons for the revocation. In answer to your question, as a plaintiff, you are legally entitled to revoke a divorce lawsuit. Since the case has not yet been examined in court, you may submit a revocation letter to revoke your divorce lawsuit to the head of the Religious Court without the need for permission/approval from the defendant. Enrich your legal research with the latest bilingual legal analysis, as well as the collection of regulatory translations integrated into Hukumonline Pro, click [**here**](https://pro.hukumonline.com/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=cta&utm_campaign=artikel_klinik) to learn more. These are the answers we can provide, we hope you will find them useful. Legal Basis: 1. [Reglement op de Rechtsvordering](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6352a7a5e35ee/reglement-op-de-rechtsvordering-rv-s-1847-52?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=RV); 2. [Law Number 7 of 1989 on the Religious Judiciary](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17803/undangundang-nomor-7-tahun-1989/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_7_1989) as amended by [Law Number 3 of 2006 on the Amendment to Law Number 7 of 1989 on the Religious Judiciary](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/25602?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_3_2006) as amended for the second time by [Law Number 50 of 2009 on the Amendment to Law Number 7 of 1989 on the Religious Judiciary](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt546457ffe3747?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_50_2009). Reference: 1. Yahya Harahap. _Hukum Acara Perdata: Tentang Gugatan, Persidangan, Penyitaan, Pembuktian, dan Putusan Pengadilan._ Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2017; 2. [Sekitar Pencabutan Gugatan](http://www.pta-bengkulu.go.id/images/artikel/sekitar%20pencabutan%20gugatan.pdf), accessed on Friday, 9 September 2022, at 10.30 West Indonesian Time (zone). * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Article 272 [Reglement op de Rechtsvordering](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6352a7a5e35ee/reglement-op-de-rechtsvordering-rv-s-1847-52?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=RV) (“Rv”). [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Article 54 [Law Number 7 of 1989 on the Religious Judiciary](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17803/undangundang-nomor-7-tahun-1989/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_7_1989) (“Law 7/1989”). Tags ---- [klinik english edition](/tag/klinik-english-edition)
ULASAN LENGKAPKLINIK TERKAITHukumnya Dipaksa Resign dari Perusahaan04 Jan 2024Aturan Usia Pensiun Pekerja dan PNS Serta Manfaat yang Diterima12 Sep 2022Cara Menghitung Ganti Rugi Karyawan Kontrak yang Resign29 Agt 2022Langgar Waktu Lembur Maksimal 4 Jam Sehari, Ini Sanksinya16 Agt 2022Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran kedua dari artikel dengan judul sama yang dibuat oleh Alfin Sulaiman, S.H., M.H. dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Senin, 7 Desember 2015, kemudian dimutakhirkan pada Jumat, 16 September 2022 oleh David Christian, S.H. Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.Syarat Mempekerjakan TKA di IndonesiaSebelum menjawab inti pertanyaan Anda, sebaiknya kita pahami terlebih dahulu apa yang dimaksud Tenaga Kerja Asing (“TKA”), yaitu Warga Negara Asing (“WNA”) pemegang visa dengan maksud bekerja di wilayah Indonesia.[1] TKA dapat dipekerjakan di Indonesia hanya dalam hubungan kerja untuk jabatan tertentu dan waktu tertentu serta memiliki kompetensi sesuai dengan jabatan yang akan diduduki.[2]Adapun yang dapat memberi pekerjaan kepada TKA disebut Pemberi Kerja TKA, yang meliputi:[3]instansi Pemerintah, perwakilan negara asing, dan badan internasional; kantor perwakilan dagang asing, kantor perwakilan perusahaan asing, dan kantor berita asing yang melakukan kegiatan di Indonesia; perusahaan swasta asing yang berusaha di Indonesia; badan hukum dalam bentuk perseroan terbatas atau yayasan yang didirikan berdasarkan hukum Indonesia atau badan usaha asing yang terdaftar di instansi yang berwenang, dikecualikan untuk perseroan terbatas yang berbentuk badan hukum perorangan; lembaga sosial, keagamaan, pendidikan, dan kebudayaan;usaha jasa impresariat; danbadan usaha sepanjang diperbolehkan oleh undang-undang untuk menggunakan TKA.Kemudian, setiap pemberi kerja yang mempekerjakan TKA wajib memiliki Rencana Penggunaan Tenaga Kerja Asing (“RPTKA”) yang disahkan oleh Pemerintah Pusat.[4] RPTKA sendiri merupakan rencana penggunaan TKA pada jabatan tertentu dan jangka waktu tertentu.[5] Selanjutnya, RPTKA harus dilakukan Pengesahaan RPTKA atau persetujuan penggunaan TKA yang disahkan oleh menteri yang menyelenggarakan urusan pemerintahan di bidang ketenagakerjaan atau pejabat yang ditunjuk.[6] Pengesahan RPTKA terdiri atas:[7] RPTKA untuk pekerjaan bersifat sementara yaitu paling lama 6 bulan, tidak dapat diperpanjang;RPTKA untuk pekerjaan lebih dari 6 bulan, diberikan untuk jangka waktu paling lama 2 (dua) tahun dan dapat diperpanjang;RPTKA non-DKPTKA, diberikan untuk jangka waktu paling lama 2 (dua) tahun dan dapat diperpanjangRPTKA KEK, diberikan untuk jangka waktu paling lama 5 (lima) tahun dan dapat diperpanjang. Sedangkan Pengesahan RPTKA KEK untuk jabatan direksi atau komisaris, diberikan sekali dan berlaku selama TKA yang bersangkutan menjadi direksi atau komisaris.Berdasarkan pertanyaan Anda, karena TKA yang Anda maksud hanya akan bekerja beberapa hari saja, maka kami asumsikan sebagai TKA sementara. Dengan demikian, permohonan pengesahan RPTKA untuk pekerjaan bersifat sementara dapat diberikan untuk kegiatan:[8] pembuatan film yang bersifat komersial dan telah mendapat izin dari instansi yang berwenang;audit, kendali mutu produksi, atau inspeksi pada cabang perusahaan di Indonesia untuk jangka waktu lebih dari 1 bulan;pekerjaan yang berhubungan dengan pemasangan mesin, elektrikal, layanan purna jual, atau produk dalam masa penjajakan usaha;usaha jasa impresariat; ataupekerjaan yang sekali selesai atau pekerjaan kurang dari 6 bulan.Maka, berdasarkan ketentuan di atas, menjawab pertanyaan Anda yang akan mempekerjakan TKA dari Vietnam untuk melakukan reparasi di Indonesia dalam waktu beberapa hari, menurut hemat kami, Anda perlu membuat permohonan pengesahan RPTKA untuk pekerjaan bersifat sementara.Prosedur Permohonan Pengesahan RPTKA untuk Pekerjaan Bersifat SementaraPermohonan Pengesahan RPTKA untuk pekerjaan bersifat sementara disampaikan secara daring melalui TKA Online dengan cara:[9] mengisi aplikasi data yang memuat: identitas pemberi kerja TKA;alasan penggunaan TKA;jabatan yang akan diduduki TKA;jumlah TKAjangka waktu penggunaan TKA; danlokasi kerja TKA.mengunggah dokumen berupa: surat permohonan pengesahan RPTKA;surat tugas atau surat kuasa dari pimpinan pemberi kerja TKA;NIB dan/atau izin usaha pemberi kerja TKA;akta dan keputusan pengesahan pendirian dan/atau perubahan dari instansi yang berwenang;bukti wajib lapor ketenagakerjaan di perusahaan;domisili pemberi kerja TKA; danrancangan perjanjian kerja atau perjanjian lain.Selanjutnya, akan dlakukan penilaian kelayakan Pengesahan RPTKA yang dilakukan oleh Direktur Jenderal atau Direktur sejak permohonan Pengesahan RPTKA dinyatakan lengkap dan benar.[10] Penilaian kelayakan Pengesahan RPTKA tersebut dilakukan melalui tatap muka secara daring.[11] Hasil penilaian kelayakan diterbitkan paling lama 2 (dua) hari kerja sejak tanggal pelaksanaan penilaian kelayakan dinyatakan layak berdasarkan penilaian kelayakan.[12]Berdasarkan hasil penilaian kelayakan, pemberi kerja TKA menyampaikan data calon TKA secara daring kepada Direktur melalui TKA Online dengan cara:[13] mengisi aplikasi data calon TKA yang memuat: identitas TKA meliputi nama TKA, tempat lahir, tanggal lahir, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, status perkawinan, kebangsaan, nomor paspor, tanggal penerbitan paspor, tanggal berakhir paspor, tempat diterbitkan paspor, alamat tinggal, kode pos, alamat e-mail, dan nomor telepon;jabatan TKA dan jangka waktu bekerja TKA;lokasi kerja TKA;nomor polis asuransi atau nomor kepesertaan program jaminan sosial ketenagakerjaan; danpenetapan kode dan lokasi domisili TKA.mengunggah: dokumen TKA, berupa: ijazah pendidikan;sertifikat kompetensi atau pengalaman kerja;perjanjian kerja atau perjanjian lain dengan pemberi kerja TKA;paspor kebangsaan TKA (berwarna); danpas foto berwarna ukuran 4x6 dengan latar belakang merah.dokumen pemberi kerja TKA, berupa: surat permohonan pengesahan RPTKA;surat tugas atau surat kuasa dari pimpinan pemberi kerja TKA;surat permohonan kepada Direktur Jenderal Imigrasi untuk pengajuan visa dalam rangka bekerja;rekening koran atau tabungan pemberi kerja TKA;surat persetujuan Rp0 (nol rupiah);surat keterangan penunjukan tenaga kerja pendamping TKA; dansurat pernyataan pemberi kerja TKA sebagai penjamin TKA.Sebagai informasi, ketentuan surat keterangan penunjukan tenaga kerja pendamping TKA dikecualikan salah satunya untuk pekerjaan yang bersifat sementara.[14]Dalam hal data calon TKA telah siap pada saat permohonan Pengesahan RPTKA, Pemberi Kerja TKA dapat menyampaikan sekaligus dengan mengisi aplikasi data calon TKA dan mengunggah dokumen persyaratan calon TKA melalui TKA Online.[15] Berdasarkan data calon TKA yang telah disampaikan secara daring melalui TKA Online, maka akan dilakukan verifikasi oleh Direktur paling lama 2 (dua) hari kerja.[16] Lalu, ketika data calon TKA dinyatakan lengkap dan benar, maka akan diterbitkan surat pemberitahuan pembayaran Dana Kompensasi Penggunaan TKA (“DKPTTKA”), dan setelah dilakukan pembayaran DKPTKA, maka pengesahan RPTKA diterbitkan.[17]Syarat mempekerjakan TKA beserta prosedur selengkapnya dapat Anda baca dalam Buku Panduan TKA Online Baca juga: Syarat Tenaga Kerja Asing Bisa Bekerja di IndonesiaPenyampaian Data Calon TKA untuk Rekomendasi Visa dan Izin TinggalSelain memerlukan pengesahan RPTKA untuk pekerjaan bersifat sementara, TKA yang akan bekerja di Indonesia juga memerlukan visa dan izin tinggal. Pengesahan RPTKA digunakan sebagai rekomendasi untuk mendapatkan visa dan izin tinggal dalam rangka bekerja bagi TKA.[18]Visa tinggal terbatas diberikan untuk orang asing yang bekerja,[19] dalam hal ini salah satunya untuk kegiatan memasang dan mereparasi mesin.[20]Permohonan visa tinggal terbatas dalam rangka bekerja dapat diajukan oleh Penjamin kepada Pejabat Imigrasi pada Direktorat Jenderal Imigrasi melalui aplikasi dengan melampirkan:[21]surat penjaminan dari Penjamin yang merupakan pemberi kerja dari Orang Asing; Paspor Kebangsaan yang Sah dan Masih Berlaku: paling singkat 12 (dua belas) bulan bagi yang akan melakukan pekerjaan di Wilayah Indonesia untuk waktu paling lama 180 (seratus delapan puluh) hari;paling singkat 18 (delapan belas) bulan bagi yang akan melakukan pekerjaan atau tinggal di Wilayah Indonesia untuk waktu paling lama 1 (satu) tahun; atau paling singkat 30 (tiga puluh) bulan bagi yang akan melakukan pekerjaan atau tinggal di Wilayah Indonesia untuk waktu paling lama 2 (dua) tahun. bukti memiliki biaya hidup bagi dirinya dan/atau keluarganya selama berada di Wilayah Indonesia paling sedikit US$2000 (dua ribu dolar Amerika) atau setara; pasfoto berwarna terbaru dengan ukuran 4 cm x 6 cm (empat sentimeter kali enam sentimeter) dengan latar belakang berwarna putih sebanyak 2 (dua) lembar;bukti kepemilikan asuransi di perusahaan asuransi berbadan hukum Indonesia yang mencakup pembiayaan kesehatan selama Orang Asing berada di wilayah Indonesia; dansurat rekomendasi dari instansi berwenang yang membidangi ketenagakerjaan atau instansi terkait lainnya.Baca juga: Jenis Visa Republik Indonesia dan KegunaannyaKesimpulannya, untuk dapat mempekerjakan karyawan dari Vietnam dalam rangka melakukan reparasi di Indonesia selama beberapa hari, Anda perlu mengajukan permohonan pengesahan RPTKA untuk pekerjaan yang bersifat sementara. Selain itu, Anda juga harus menyampaikan data calon TKA kepada Pejabat Imigrasi pada Direktorat Jenderal Imigrasi untuk memperoleh visa dan izin tinggal terbatas selama TKA tersebut bekerja di Indonesia.Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwi bahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut di sini.Demikian jawaban kami tentang syarat mempekerjakan TKA sementara, semoga bermanfaat.DASAR HUKUMUndang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang KetenagakerjaanPeraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta KerjaPeraturan Pemerintah Nomor 34 Tahun 2021 tentang Penggunaan Tenaga Kerja AsingPeraturan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan Nomor 8 Tahun 2021 tentang Peraturan Pelaksanaan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 34 Tahun 2021 tentang Penggunaan Tenaga Kerja AsingPeraturan Menteri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Nomor 29 Tahun 2021 tentang Visa dan Izin Tinggal.REFERENSIBuku Panduan TKA Online, diakses pada Senin, 20 Maret 2023 pukul 14.00 WIB;TKA Online, diakses pada Senin, 20 Maret 2023 pukul 14.00 WIB.[1] Pasal 1 angka 13 Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan (“UU Ketenagakerjaan”).[2] Pasal 81 angka 4 Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja (“Perppu Cipta Kerja”) yang mengubah Pasal 42 ayat (4) UU Ketenagakerjaan.[3] Pasal 3 ayat (1) jo. Ayat (2) Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 34 Tahun 2021 tentang Penggunaan Tenaga Kerja Asing (“PP 34/2021”).[4] Pasal 81 angka 4 Perppu Cipta Kerja yang mengubah Pasal 42 ayat (1) UU Ketenagakerjaan.[5] Pasal 1 angka 4 PP 34/2021.[6] Pasal 1 angka 5 PP 34/2021.[7] Pasal 16 jo. Pasal 17 PP 34/2021.[8] Pasal 8 Peraturan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan Nomor 8 Tahun 2021 tentang Peraturan Pelaksanaan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 34 Tahun 2021 tentang Penggunaan Tenaga Kerja Asing (“Permenaker 8/2021”).[9] Pasal 9 Permenaker 8/2021.[10] Pasal 13 ayat (1) Permenaker 8/2021.[11] Pasal 14 ayat (1) Permenaker 8/2021.[12] Pasal 14 ayat (2) Permenaker 8/2021.[13] Pasal 15 ayat (1) Permenaker 8/2021.[14] Pasal 15 ayat (3) huruf d Permenaker 8/2021.[15] Pasal 17 Permenaker 8/2021.[16] Pasal 18 ayat (1) Permenaker 8/2021.[17] Pasal 19 ayat (1) dan (2) Permenaker 8/2021.[18] Pasal 21 ayat (1) Permenaker 8/2021.[19] Pasal 29 ayat (1) huruf a  Peraturan Menteri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Nomor 29 Tahun 2021 tentang Visa dan Izin Tinggal (“Permenkumham 29/2021”).[20] Pasal 30 ayat (1) huruf i Permenkumham 29/2021.[21] Pasal 32 ayat (1) Permenkumham 29/2021.Tagsasingburuhhukumhukumonlineimtain house counselkantor hukumkarier hukumklinikklinik hukumonlinepekerjaprofesi hukumrptkatenaga kerjatenaga kerja asingtka
Perusahaan kami mengalami masalah barang impor dari Vietnam. Bila kami mendatangkan karyawan dari perusahaan Vietnam untuk melakukan reparasi di Indonesia, apakah ini diperbolehkan? Kira-kira perlu 5-10 orang operator dari sana. Adakah persyaratan tertentu mengingat mereka hanya akan bekerja beberapa hari saja? Terima kasih.
Setiap pemberi kerja yang mempekerjakan Tenaga Kerja Asing (“TKA”) untuk pekerjaan yang bersifat sementara perlu memiliki Rencana Penggunaan Tenaga Kerja Asing (“RPTKA”) yang disahkan oleh pemerintah pusat. Apa saja syarat pengesahan RPTKA? Apakah ada syarat lain selain kepemilikan RPTKA? Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca dalam ulasan di bawah ini. Hukumnya Dipaksa Resign dari Perusahaan04 Jan 2024Aturan Usia Pensiun Pekerja dan PNS Serta Manfaat yang Diterima12 Sep 2022Cara Menghitung Ganti Rugi Karyawan Kontrak yang Resign29 Agt 2022Langgar Waktu Lembur Maksimal 4 Jam Sehari, Ini Sanksinya16 Agt 2022Hukumnya Dipaksa Resign dari Perusahaan04 Jan 2024Aturan Usia Pensiun Pekerja dan PNS Serta Manfaat yang Diterima12 Sep 2022Cara Menghitung Ganti Rugi Karyawan Kontrak yang Resign29 Agt 2022Langgar Waktu Lembur Maksimal 4 Jam Sehari, Ini Sanksinya16 Agt 2022Catat! Ini 3 Aspek Hukum untuk Mendirikan Startup9 Mei 2023Syarat dan Prosedur Hibah Saham11 Okt 2022Baca Tips Ini Sebelum Menggunakan Karya Cipta Milik Umum28 Feb 2023Catat! Ini 3 Aspek Hukum untuk Mendirikan Startup9 Mei 2023Syarat dan Prosedur Hibah Saham11 Okt 2022Baca Tips Ini Sebelum Menggunakan Karya Cipta Milik Umum28 Feb 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/syarat-mempekerjakan-tka-lt55ef8e7d49717/
Syarat dan Prosedur Mempekerjakan TKA untuk Sementara
pages/153/page-8.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Hukumnya Dipaksa Resign dari Perusahaan ](/klinik/a/hukumnya-dipaksa-resign-dari-perusahaan-lt4fb5f2ed4434c/) ![Hukumnya Dipaksa Resign dari Perusahaan](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt4fb5f2ed4434c/thumbnail_lt64bfa6f01abe7.jpg) 04 Jan 2024 [ #### Aturan Usia Pensiun Pekerja dan PNS Serta Manfaat yang Diterima ](/klinik/a/aturan-usia-pensiun-pekerja-dan-pns-serta-manfaat-yang-diterima-lt576b5bea8bb19/) ![Aturan Usia Pensiun Pekerja dan PNS Serta Manfaat yang Diterima](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt576b5bea8bb19/thumbnail_lt576d052d0a09e.jpg) 12 Sep 2022 [ #### Cara Menghitung Ganti Rugi Karyawan Kontrak yang _Resign_ ](/klinik/a/cara-menghitung-ganti-rugi-karyawan-kontrak-yang-i-resign-i-lt62e0f34a0e0ca/) ![Cara Menghitung Ganti Rugi Karyawan Kontrak yang <i> Resign</i>](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt62e0f34a0e0ca/thumbnail_lt630c74f3ea037.jpg) 29 Agt 2022 [ #### Langgar Waktu Lembur Maksimal 4 Jam Sehari, Ini Sanksinya ](/klinik/a/langgar-waktu-lembur-maksimal-4-jam-sehari-ini-sanksinya-lt62fb641f0bd3f/) ![Langgar Waktu Lembur Maksimal 4 Jam Sehari, Ini Sanksinya](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt62fb641f0bd3f/thumbnail_lt62fb658ca8694.jpg) 16 Agt 2022 [](#!) Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran kedua dari artikel dengan judul sama yang dibuat oleh [Alfin Sulaiman, S.H., M.H.](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/arkananta-vennootschap-lt5396d67d3687b/alfin-sulaiman-sh-mh-lt4c0e322d325fe)** **dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Senin, 7 Desember 2015, kemudian dimutakhirkan pada Jumat, 16 September 2022 oleh [David Christian, S.H.](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/david-christian--sh-lt627ca02b8b57d)** Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Syarat Mempekerjakan TKA di Indonesia** Sebelum menjawab inti pertanyaan Anda, sebaiknya kita pahami terlebih dahulu apa yang dimaksud [Tenaga Kerja Asing](https://www.hukumonline.com/kamus/t/tenaga-kerja-asing) (“TKA”), yaitu [Warga Negara Asing](https://www.hukumonline.com/kamus/w/warga-negara-asing) (“WNA”) pemegang [visa](https://www.hukumonline.com/kamus/v/visa) dengan maksud bekerja di wilayah Indonesia.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) TKA dapat dipekerjakan di Indonesia hanya dalam hubungan kerja untuk jabatan tertentu dan waktu tertentu serta memiliki kompetensi sesuai dengan jabatan yang akan diduduki.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Adapun yang dapat memberi pekerjaan kepada TKA disebut [Pemberi Kerja TKA](https://www.hukumonline.com/kamus/p/pemberi-kerja-tenaga-kerja-asing), yang meliputi:[\[3\]](#_ftn3) 1. instansi Pemerintah, perwakilan negara asing, dan badan internasional; 2. kantor perwakilan dagang asing, kantor perwakilan perusahaan asing, dan kantor berita asing yang melakukan kegiatan di Indonesia; 3. perusahaan swasta asing yang berusaha di Indonesia; 4. badan hukum dalam bentuk perseroan terbatas atau yayasan yang didirikan berdasarkan hukum Indonesia atau badan usaha asing yang terdaftar di instansi yang berwenang, dikecualikan untuk perseroan terbatas yang berbentuk badan hukum perorangan; 5. lembaga sosial, keagamaan, pendidikan, dan kebudayaan; 6. usaha jasa impresariat; dan 7. badan usaha sepanjang diperbolehkan oleh undang-undang untuk menggunakan TKA. Kemudian, setiap pemberi kerja yang mempekerjakan TKA wajib memiliki [Rencana Penggunaan Tenaga Kerja Asing](https://www.hukumonline.com/kamus/r/rencana-penggunaan-tenaga-kerja-asing) (“RPTKA”) yang disahkan oleh Pemerintah Pusat.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) RPTKA sendiri merupakan rencana penggunaan TKA pada jabatan tertentu dan jangka waktu tertentu.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) Selanjutnya, RPTKA harus dilakukan Pengesahaan RPTKA atau persetujuan penggunaan TKA yang disahkan oleh menteri yang menyelenggarakan urusan pemerintahan di bidang ketenagakerjaan atau pejabat yang ditunjuk.[\[6\]](#_ftn6) Pengesahan RPTKA terdiri atas:[\[7\]](#_ftn7) 1. RPTKA untuk pekerjaan bersifat sementara yaitu paling lama 6 bulan, tidak dapat diperpanjang; 2. RPTKA untuk pekerjaan lebih dari 6 bulan, diberikan untuk jangka waktu paling lama 2 (dua) tahun dan dapat diperpanjang; 3. RPTKA non-DKPTKA, diberikan untuk jangka waktu paling lama 2 (dua) tahun dan dapat diperpanjang 4. RPTKA KEK, diberikan untuk jangka waktu paling lama 5 (lima) tahun dan dapat diperpanjang. Sedangkan Pengesahan RPTKA KEK untuk jabatan direksi atau komisaris, diberikan sekali dan berlaku selama TKA yang bersangkutan menjadi direksi atau komisaris. Berdasarkan pertanyaan Anda, karena TKA yang Anda maksud hanya akan bekerja beberapa hari saja, maka kami asumsikan sebagai TKA sementara. Dengan demikian, permohonan pengesahan RPTKA untuk pekerjaan bersifat sementara dapat diberikan untuk kegiatan:[\[8\]](#_ftn8) 1. pembuatan film yang bersifat komersial dan telah mendapat izin dari instansi yang berwenang; 2. audit, kendali mutu produksi, atau inspeksi pada cabang perusahaan di Indonesia untuk jangka waktu lebih dari 1 bulan; 3. **pekerjaan yang berhubungan dengan pemasangan mesin**, elektrikal, layanan purna jual, atau produk dalam masa penjajakan usaha; 4. usaha jasa impresariat; atau 5. **pekerjaan yang sekali selesai atau pekerjaan kurang dari 6 bulan**. Maka, berdasarkan ketentuan di atas, menjawab pertanyaan Anda yang akan mempekerjakan TKA dari Vietnam untuk melakukan reparasi di Indonesia dalam waktu beberapa hari, menurut hemat kami, Anda perlu membuat permohonan pengesahan RPTKA untuk pekerjaan bersifat sementara. ### **Prosedur Permohonan Pengesahan RPTKA untuk Pekerjaan Bersifat Sementara** Permohonan Pengesahan RPTKA untuk pekerjaan bersifat sementara disampaikan secara daring melalui **[TKA _Online_](https://tka-online.kemnaker.go.id/)** dengan cara:[\[9\]](#_ftn9) 1. mengisi aplikasi data yang memuat: 1. identitas pemberi kerja TKA; 2. alasan penggunaan TKA; 3. jabatan yang akan diduduki TKA; 4. jumlah TKA 5. jangka waktu penggunaan TKA; dan 6. lokasi kerja TKA. 2. mengunggah dokumen berupa: 1. surat permohonan pengesahan RPTKA; 2. surat tugas atau surat kuasa dari pimpinan pemberi kerja TKA; 3. NIB dan/atau izin usaha pemberi kerja TKA; 4. akta dan keputusan pengesahan pendirian dan/atau perubahan dari instansi yang berwenang; 5. bukti wajib lapor ketenagakerjaan di perusahaan; 6. domisili pemberi kerja TKA; dan 7. rancangan perjanjian kerja atau perjanjian lain. Selanjutnya, akan dlakukan penilaian kelayakan Pengesahan RPTKA yang dilakukan oleh Direktur Jenderal atau Direktur sejak permohonan Pengesahan RPTKA dinyatakan lengkap dan benar.[\[10\]](#_ftn10) Penilaian kelayakan Pengesahan RPTKA tersebut dilakukan melalui tatap muka secara daring.[\[11\]](#_ftn11) Hasil penilaian kelayakan diterbitkan paling lama 2 (dua) hari kerja sejak tanggal pelaksanaan penilaian kelayakan dinyatakan layak berdasarkan penilaian kelayakan.[\[12\]](#_ftn12) Berdasarkan hasil penilaian kelayakan, pemberi kerja TKA menyampaikan data calon TKA secara daring kepada Direktur melalui TKA _Online_ dengan cara:[\[13\]](#_ftn13) 1. mengisi aplikasi data calon TKA yang memuat: 1. identitas TKA meliputi nama TKA, tempat lahir, tanggal lahir, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, status perkawinan, kebangsaan, nomor paspor, tanggal penerbitan paspor, tanggal berakhir paspor, tempat diterbitkan paspor, alamat tinggal, kode pos, alamat _e-mail_, dan nomor telepon; 2. jabatan TKA dan jangka waktu bekerja TKA; 3. lokasi kerja TKA; 4. nomor polis asuransi atau nomor kepesertaan program jaminan sosial ketenagakerjaan; dan 5. penetapan kode dan lokasi domisili TKA. 2. mengunggah: 1. dokumen TKA, berupa: 1. ijazah pendidikan; 2. sertifikat kompetensi atau pengalaman kerja; 3. perjanjian kerja atau perjanjian lain dengan pemberi kerja TKA; 4. paspor kebangsaan TKA (berwarna); dan 5. pas foto berwarna ukuran 4x6 dengan latar belakang merah. 3. 2. dokumen pemberi kerja TKA, berupa: 1. surat permohonan pengesahan RPTKA; 2. surat tugas atau surat kuasa dari pimpinan pemberi kerja TKA; 3. surat permohonan kepada Direktur Jenderal Imigrasi untuk pengajuan visa dalam rangka bekerja; 4. rekening koran atau tabungan pemberi kerja TKA; 5. surat persetujuan Rp0 (nol rupiah); 6. surat keterangan penunjukan tenaga kerja pendamping TKA; dan 7. surat pernyataan pemberi kerja TKA sebagai penjamin TKA. Sebagai informasi, ketentuan surat keterangan penunjukan tenaga kerja pendamping TKA dikecualikan salah satunya untuk pekerjaan yang bersifat sementara.[\[14\]](#_ftn14) Dalam hal data calon TKA telah siap pada saat permohonan Pengesahan RPTKA, Pemberi Kerja TKA dapat menyampaikan sekaligus dengan mengisi aplikasi data calon TKA dan mengunggah dokumen persyaratan calon TKA melalui TKA _Online_.[\[15\]](#_ftn15) Berdasarkan data calon TKA yang telah disampaikan secara daring melalui TKA _Online_, maka akan dilakukan verifikasi oleh Direktur paling lama 2 (dua) hari kerja.[\[16\]](#_ftn16) Lalu, ketika data calon TKA dinyatakan lengkap dan benar, maka akan diterbitkan surat pemberitahuan pembayaran [Dana Kompensasi Penggunaan TKA](https://www.hukumonline.com/kamus/d/dana-kompensasi-penggunaan-tka) (“DKPTTKA”), dan setelah dilakukan pembayaran DKPTKA, maka pengesahan RPTKA diterbitkan.[\[17\]](#_ftn17) Syarat mempekerjakan TKA beserta prosedur selengkapnya dapat Anda baca dalam **[Buku Panduan TKA _Online_](https://tka-online.kemnaker.go.id/pdf/BukuPanduanTKAOnline.pdf)** Baca juga: **[Syarat Tenaga Kerja Asing Bisa Bekerja di Indonesia](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/syarat-tenaga-kerja-asing-bisa-bekerja-di-indonesia-lt557fb3beea80c?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=syarat_tenaga_kerja_asing_bisa_kerja_di_indonesia)** ### **Penyampaian Data Calon TKA untuk Rekomendasi Visa dan Izin Tinggal** Selain memerlukan pengesahan RPTKA untuk pekerjaan bersifat sementara, TKA yang akan bekerja di Indonesia juga memerlukan visa dan izin tinggal. Pengesahan RPTKA digunakan sebagai rekomendasi untuk mendapatkan visa dan izin tinggal dalam rangka bekerja bagi TKA.[\[18\]](#_ftn18) Visa tinggal terbatas diberikan untuk orang asing yang bekerja,[\[19\]](#_ftn19) dalam hal ini salah satunya untuk kegiatan memasang dan mereparasi mesin.[\[20\]](#_ftn20) Permohonan visa tinggal terbatas dalam rangka bekerja dapat diajukan oleh Penjamin kepada Pejabat Imigrasi pada Direktorat Jenderal Imigrasi melalui aplikasi dengan melampirkan:[\[21\]](#_ftn21) 1. surat penjaminan dari Penjamin yang merupakan pemberi kerja dari Orang Asing; 2. Paspor Kebangsaan yang Sah dan Masih Berlaku: 1. paling singkat 12 (dua belas) bulan bagi yang akan melakukan pekerjaan di Wilayah Indonesia untuk waktu paling lama 180 (seratus delapan puluh) hari; 2. paling singkat 18 (delapan belas) bulan bagi yang akan melakukan pekerjaan atau tinggal di Wilayah Indonesia untuk waktu paling lama 1 (satu) tahun; atau 3. paling singkat 30 (tiga puluh) bulan bagi yang akan melakukan pekerjaan atau tinggal di Wilayah Indonesia untuk waktu paling lama 2 (dua) tahun. 3. bukti memiliki biaya hidup bagi dirinya dan/atau keluarganya selama berada di Wilayah Indonesia paling sedikit US$2000 (dua ribu dolar Amerika) atau setara; 4. pasfoto berwarna terbaru dengan ukuran 4 cm x 6 cm (empat sentimeter kali enam sentimeter) dengan latar belakang berwarna putih sebanyak 2 (dua) lembar; 5. bukti kepemilikan asuransi di perusahaan asuransi berbadan hukum Indonesia yang mencakup pembiayaan kesehatan selama Orang Asing berada di wilayah Indonesia; dan 6. surat rekomendasi dari instansi berwenang yang membidangi ketenagakerjaan atau instansi terkait lainnya. Baca juga: [**Jenis Visa Republik Indonesia dan Kegunaannya**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/jenis-visa-lt5a289ad826c58?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=jenis_visa_ri_kegunaan) Kesimpulannya, untuk dapat mempekerjakan karyawan dari Vietnam dalam rangka melakukan reparasi di Indonesia selama beberapa hari, Anda perlu mengajukan permohonan pengesahan RPTKA untuk pekerjaan yang bersifat sementara. Selain itu, Anda juga harus menyampaikan data calon TKA kepada Pejabat Imigrasi pada Direktorat Jenderal Imigrasi untuk memperoleh visa dan izin tinggal terbatas selama TKA tersebut bekerja di Indonesia. Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwi bahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut [**di sini.**](http://mini.hukumonline.com/holpro/?utm_source=Google&utm_medium=Banner&utm_campaign=KlinikHukum-LandingPage) Demikian jawaban kami tentang syarat mempekerjakan TKA sementara, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13146/undangundang-nomor-13-tahun-2003/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_Ketenagakerjaan) Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022) Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 34 Tahun 2021 tentang Penggunaan Tenaga Kerja Asing [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt60322aa20df10/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-34-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_34_2021) Peraturan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan Nomor 8 Tahun 2021 tentang Peraturan Pelaksanaan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 34 Tahun 2021 tentang Penggunaan Tenaga Kerja Asing [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6098d852a541a/peraturan-menteri-ketenagakerjaan-nomor-8-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=Permenaker_8_2021) Peraturan Menteri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Nomor 29 Tahun 2021 tentang Visa dan Izin Tinggal. [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt622f4923764d3/peraturan-menteri-hukum-dan-hak-asasi-manusia-nomor-29-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=Permenkumham_29_2021) REFERENSI --------- 1. [Buku Panduan TKA Online](https://tka-online.kemnaker.go.id/pdf/BukuPanduanTKAOnline.pdf), diakses pada Senin, 20 Maret 2023 pukul 14.00 WIB; 2. [TKA _Online_](https://tka-online.kemnaker.go.id/), diakses pada Senin, 20 Maret 2023 pukul 14.00 WIB. * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Pasal 1 angka 13 [Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13146/undangundang-nomor-13-tahun-2003/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_Ketenagakerjaan) (“UU Ketenagakerjaan”). [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal 81 angka 4 [Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022) (“Perppu Cipta Kerja”) yang mengubah Pasal 42 ayat (4) UU Ketenagakerjaan. [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 3 ayat (1) _jo._ Ayat (2) [Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 34 Tahun 2021 tentang Penggunaan Tenaga Kerja Asing](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt60322aa20df10/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-34-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_34_2021) (“PP 34/2021”). [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 81 angka 4 Perppu Cipta Kerja yang mengubah Pasal 42 ayat (1) UU Ketenagakerjaan. [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Pasal 1 angka 4 PP 34/2021. [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Pasal 1 angka 5 PP 34/2021. [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Pasal 16 _jo._ Pasal 17 PP 34/2021. [\[8\]](#_ftnref8) Pasal 8 [Peraturan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan Nomor 8 Tahun 2021 tentang Peraturan Pelaksanaan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 34 Tahun 2021 tentang Penggunaan Tenaga Kerja Asing](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6098d852a541a/peraturan-menteri-ketenagakerjaan-nomor-8-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=Permenaker_8_2021) (“Permenaker 8/2021”). [\[9\]](#_ftnref9) Pasal 9 Permenaker 8/2021. [\[10\]](#_ftnref10) Pasal 13 ayat (1) Permenaker 8/2021. [\[11\]](#_ftnref11) Pasal 14 ayat (1) Permenaker 8/2021. [\[12\]](#_ftnref12) Pasal 14 ayat (2) Permenaker 8/2021. [\[13\]](#_ftnref13) Pasal 15 ayat (1) Permenaker 8/2021. [\[14\]](#_ftnref14) Pasal 15 ayat (3) huruf d Permenaker 8/2021. [\[15\]](#_ftnref15) Pasal 17 Permenaker 8/2021. [\[16\]](#_ftnref16) Pasal 18 ayat (1) Permenaker 8/2021. [\[17\]](#_ftnref17) Pasal 19 ayat (1) dan (2) Permenaker 8/2021. [\[18\]](#_ftnref18) Pasal 21 ayat (1) Permenaker 8/2021. [\[19\]](#_ftnref19) Pasal 29 ayat (1) huruf a  [Peraturan Menteri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Nomor 29 Tahun 2021 tentang Visa dan Izin Tinggal](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt622f4923764d3/peraturan-menteri-hukum-dan-hak-asasi-manusia-nomor-29-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=Permenkumham_29_2021) (“Permenkumham 29/2021”). [\[20\]](#_ftnref20) Pasal 30 ayat (1) huruf i Permenkumham 29/2021. [\[21\]](#_ftnref21) Pasal 32 ayat (1) Permenkumham 29/2021. Tags ---- [asing](/tag/asing) [buruh](/tag/buruh) [hukum](/tag/hukum) [hukumonline](/tag/hukumonline) [imta](/tag/imta) [in house counsel](/tag/in-house-counsel) [kantor hukum](/tag/kantor-hukum) [karier hukum](/tag/karier-hukum) [klinik](/tag/klinik) [klinik hukumonline](/tag/klinik-hukumonline) [pekerja](/tag/pekerja) [profesi hukum](/tag/profesi-hukum) [rptka](/tag/rptka) [tenaga kerja](/tag/tenaga-kerja) [tenaga kerja asing](/tag/tenaga-kerja-asing) [tka](/tag/tka)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.  Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul Lamaran Tak Mempengaruhi Keabsahan Perkawinan yang dibuat oleh Muhammad Raditio Jati Utomo & Heru Susetyo, S.H., LL.M., M.Si., Ph.D dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Kamis, 28 Mei 2020. Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika. Syarat Sah PerkawinanUntuk menjawab apakah nikah tanpa lamaran diperbolehkan, kami akan mengacu pada hukum perkawinan yang berlaku. Hukum perkawinan bagi pemeluk agama Islam di Indonesia mengacu sekurang-kurangnya pada dua ketentuan, yaitu UU Perkawinan dan Lampiran KHI.Terkait hukum perkawinan, ketentuan Pasal 2 UU Perkawinan menerangkan dua hal berikut.Perkawinan adalah sah, apabila dilakukan menurut hukum masing-masing agamanya dan keyakinannya itu.Tiap-tiap perkawinan dicatat menurut peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku.Sehubungan dengan aturan tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa keabsahan setiap perkawinan dikembalikan kepada hukum agama para pihak yang melangsungkan perkawinan itu sendiri, serta harus dicatatkan sesuai peraturan perundang-undangan.Khusus bagi pemeluk agama Islam, pengaturan lebih rinci mengenai bagaimana suatu perkawinan dapat dipandang sah diterangkan dalam Pasal 14 KHI. Untuk melaksanakan perkawinan harus ada:calon suami;calon istri;wali nikah;dua orang saksi; danijab dan kabul.Dengan demikian, menjawab pertanyaan Anda, sampai sejauh ini lamaran tidak dikenal sebagai syarat sah perkawinan menurut hukum Islam. Kedudukan Lamaran dalam PerkawinanLebih lanjut, kedua sumber hukum yang menjadi rujukan ihwal perkawinan pemeluk agama Islam di Indonesia di atas tidak mengenal istilah ‘lamaran’.Namun demikian, KHI mengenal istilah ‘peminangan’ yang maknanya paling mendekati istilah ‘lamaran’ yang Anda maksud.Dalam KBBI, diterangkan bahwa istilah ‘meminang’ salah satunya dimaknai sebagai meminta seorang perempuan (untuk dijadikan istri) atau melamar. Sehingga, istilah ‘lamaran’ akan dipadankan dengan istilah ‘peminangan’ pada ulasan ini.Menurut KHI sendiri, peminangan adalah kegiatan atau upaya ke arah terjadinya hubungan perjodohan antara seorang pria dan seorang wanita.[1]Peminangan dapat langsung dilakukan oleh orang yang berkehendak mencari pasangan jodoh, tapi dapat pula dilakukan oleh perantara yang dapat dipercaya.[2]Namun harus diingat, dalam peminangan tetap berlaku sejumlah aturan. Peminangan dapat dilakukan terhadap seorang wanita yang masih perawan atau terhadap janda yang telah habis masa idahnya. Peminangan haram dilakukan terhadap:[3]wanita yang ditalak suami yang masih berada dalam masa idah raj’iah;wanita yang sedang dipinang pria lain, selama pinangan pria tersebut belum putus atau belum ada penolakan dari pihak wanita.Kemudian, sebagaimana diterangkan dalam Pasal 13 KHI, pinangan belum menimbulkan akibat hukum dan para pihak bebas memutuskan hubungan peminangan; serta kebebasan memutuskan hubungan peminangan dilakukan dengan tata cara yang baik sesuai dengan tuntunan agama dan kebiasaan setempat, sehingga tetap terbina kerukunan dan saling menghargai. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa peminangan atau lamaran tidak memengaruhi keabsahan suatu perkawinan dalam bentuk apapun, pun tidak menimbulkan akibat hukum. Menurut hemat kami, perkawinan dapat dilangsungkan dengan atau tanpa lamaran.Putusnya pinangan untuk pria sendiri, karena adanya pernyataan tentang putusnya hubungan pinangan atau secara diam-diam, di mana pria yang meminang telah menjauhi dan meninggalkan wanita yang dipinang.[4] Demikian jawaban dari kami terkait hukum nikah tanpa lamaran sebagaimana ditanyakan, semoga bermanfaat. Dasar Hukum:Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan sebagaimana diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan;Instruksi Presiden Nomor 1 Tahun 1991 tentang Penyebarluasan Kompilasi Hukum Islam. Referensi:KBBI, yang diakses pada 21 Maret 2023, pukul 10.34 WIB.[1] Pasal 1 huruf a Instruksi Presiden Nomor 1 Tahun 1991 tentang Penyebarluasan Kompilasi Hukum Islam (“KHI”)[2] Pasal 11 KHI[3] Pasal 12 ayat (1), (2), dan (3) KHI[4] Pasal 12 ayat (4) KHITagskawin beda agamakeluarga dan perkawinanmaharperkawinan
Apakah nikah tanpa lamaran dapat dikatakan sah? Atau justru tidak dan semua pernikahan seharusnya didahului lamaran? Terima kasih.
Hukum perkawinan bagi pemeluk agama Islam di Indonesia mengacu sekurang-kurangnya pada dua ketentuan, yaitu UU Perkawinan dan Lampiran KHI. Kedua sumber hukum tersebut tidak mengenal istilah ‘lamaran’. Namun demikian, dalam KHI dikenal istilah ‘peminangan’ yang maknanya mendekati lamaran. Berdasarkan ketentuan tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa nikah tanpa lamaran diperbolehkan, dan lamaran sendiri tidak wajib sifatnya dan tidak memengaruhi keabsahan perkawinan itu sendiri.   Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Cara Menghitung Pembebasan Bersyarat bagi Narapidana3 Agu 2022Cara Hitung Pesangon Berdasarkan UU Cipta Kerja18 Agu 2023Syarat dan Prosedur Mempekerjakan TKA untuk Sementara21 Mar 2023Cara Menghitung Pembebasan Bersyarat bagi Narapidana3 Agu 2022Cara Hitung Pesangon Berdasarkan UU Cipta Kerja18 Agu 2023Syarat dan Prosedur Mempekerjakan TKA untuk Sementara21 Mar 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/nikah-tanpa-lamaran%20-lt5ecf45f5a2571/
Menikah Tanpa Lamaran, Apakah Tetap Sah?
pages/154/page-0.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul _Lamaran Tak Mempengaruhi Keabsahan Perkawinan_ yang dibuat oleh [Muhammad Raditio Jati Utomo & Heru Susetyo, S.H., LL.M., M.Si., Ph.D](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/lembaga-kajian-islam-dan-hukum-islam-fakultas-hukum-universitas-indonesia-lkihi-fhui-lt5e9d6d928cae7/muhammad-raditio-jati-utomo-heru-susetyo--sh--llm--msi--phd-lt5ecf4669c8cc6) dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Kamis, 28 Mei 2020.** Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika)**.** ### **Syarat Sah Perkawinan** Untuk menjawab apakah nikah tanpa lamaran diperbolehkan, kami akan mengacu pada hukum perkawinan yang berlaku. Hukum perkawinan bagi pemeluk agama Islam di Indonesia mengacu sekurang-kurangnya pada dua ketentuan, yaitu [**UU Perkawinan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26834/undangundang-nomor-1-tahun-1974?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_Perkawinan) dan **Lampiran** [**KHI**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13200/instruksi-presiden-nomor-1-tahun-1991/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KHI). Terkait hukum perkawinan, ketentuan **Pasal 2 UU Perkawinan** menerangkan dua hal berikut. 1. Perkawinan adalah sah, apabila dilakukan menurut hukum masing-masing agamanya dan keyakinannya itu. 2. Tiap-tiap perkawinan dicatat menurut peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Sehubungan dengan aturan tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa keabsahan setiap perkawinan dikembalikan kepada hukum agama para pihak yang melangsungkan perkawinan itu sendiri, serta harus dicatatkan sesuai peraturan perundang-undangan. Khusus bagi pemeluk agama Islam, pengaturan lebih rinci mengenai bagaimana suatu perkawinan dapat dipandang sah diterangkan dalam **Pasal 14 KHI**. Untuk melaksanakan perkawinan harus ada_:_ 1. calon suami; 2. calon istri; 3. wali nikah; 4. dua orang saksi; dan 5. ijab dan kabul. Dengan demikian, menjawab pertanyaan Anda, sampai sejauh ini **lamaran tidak dikenal sebagai syarat sah perkawinan** menurut hukum Islam. ### **Kedudukan Lamaran dalam Perkawinan** Lebih lanjut, kedua sumber hukum yang menjadi rujukan ihwal perkawinan pemeluk agama Islam di Indonesia di atas tidak mengenal istilah ‘lamaran’. Namun demikian, KHI mengenal istilah ‘peminangan’ yang maknanya paling mendekati istilah ‘lamaran’ yang Anda maksud. Dalam [**KBBI**](https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/meminang), diterangkan bahwa istilah ‘meminang’ salah satunya dimaknai sebagai meminta seorang perempuan (untuk dijadikan istri) atau melamar. Sehingga, istilah ‘lamaran’ akan dipadankan dengan istilah ‘peminangan’ pada ulasan ini. Menurut KHI sendiri, peminangan adalah kegiatan atau upaya ke arah terjadinya hubungan perjodohan antara seorang pria dan seorang wanita_._[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Peminangan dapat langsung dilakukan oleh orang yang berkehendak mencari pasangan jodoh, tapi dapat pula dilakukan oleh perantara yang dapat dipercaya.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Namun harus diingat, dalam peminangan tetap berlaku sejumlah aturan. Peminangan dapat dilakukan terhadap seorang wanita yang masih perawan atau terhadap janda yang telah habis masa idahnya. Peminangan haram dilakukan terhadap:[\[3\]](#_ftn3) 1. wanita yang ditalak suami yang masih berada dalam masa idah _raj’iah_; 2. wanita yang sedang dipinang pria lain, selama pinangan pria tersebut belum putus atau belum ada penolakan dari pihak wanita. Kemudian, sebagaimana diterangkan dalam **Pasal 13 KHI**, pinangan belum menimbulkan akibat hukum dan para pihak bebas memutuskan hubungan peminangan; serta kebebasan memutuskan hubungan peminangan dilakukan dengan tata cara yang baik sesuai dengan tuntunan agama dan kebiasaan setempat, sehingga tetap terbina kerukunan dan saling menghargai. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa peminangan atau lamaran tidak memengaruhi keabsahan suatu perkawinan dalam bentuk apapun, pun tidak menimbulkan akibat hukum. Menurut hemat kami, perkawinan dapat dilangsungkan dengan atau tanpa lamaran. Putusnya pinangan untuk pria sendiri, karena adanya pernyataan tentang putusnya hubungan pinangan atau secara diam-diam, di mana pria yang meminang telah menjauhi dan meninggalkan wanita yang dipinang.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) Demikian jawaban dari kami terkait hukum nikah tanpa lamaran sebagaimana ditanyakan, semoga bermanfaat. Dasar Hukum: 1. [Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26834/undangundang-nomor-1-tahun-1974?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_Perkawinan) sebagaimana diubah dengan [Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5dafedf4cd014); 2. [Instruksi Presiden Nomor 1 Tahun 1991 tentang Penyebarluasan Kompilasi Hukum Islam](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13200/instruksi-presiden-nomor-1-tahun-1991). Referensi: [KBBI](https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/meminang), yang diakses pada 21 Maret 2023, pukul 10.34 WIB. * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Pasal 1 huruf a [Instruksi Presiden Nomor 1 Tahun 1991 tentang Penyebarluasan Kompilasi Hukum Islam](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13200/instruksi-presiden-nomor-1-tahun-1991/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KHI) (“KHI”) [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal 11 KHI [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 12 ayat (1), (2), dan (3) KHI [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 12 ayat (4) KHI Tags ---- [kawin beda agama](/tag/kawin-beda-agama) [keluarga dan perkawinan](/tag/keluarga-dan-perkawinan) [mahar](/tag/mahar) [perkawinan](/tag/perkawinan)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. KLINIK TERKAITBisakah PNS Dipecat karena Selingkuh?13 Mar 2024Sesama Rekan Kerja Kepergok Selingkuh, Bolehkah Dipecat?04 Jan 2024Pidana Selingkuh Tanpa Bersetubuh bagi Pasangan, Adakah?22 Jun 2023Jika Suami Selingkuh dan Hendak Menceraikan Istri yang Hamil15 Mei 2023Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul perselingkuhan yang dibuat oleh Si Pokrol, dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Rabu, 10 April 2002. Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Artikel ini dibuat berdasarkan KUHP lama dan UU 1/2023 tentang KUHP yang diundangkan pada tanggal 2 Januari 2023. Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika. Pasal PerselingkuhanSebelum menjawab pertanyaan Anda, kami akan membahas terlebih dahulu mengenai makna perselingkuhan. Menurut KBBI, selingkuh adalah menyembunyikan sesuatu untuk kepentingan sendiri; tidak berterus terang; tidak jujur; serong. Selingkuh juga dapat diartikan sebagai menyeleweng.Dalam konteks hubungan perkawinan, selingkuh identik dengan tindakan serong salah satu pasangan yang melanggar janji perkawinannya. Dalam pertanyaan yang Anda sampaikan, Anda tidak menyebutkan bagaimana perselingkuhan yang dilakukan oleh istri Anda.  Kami asumsikan perselingkuhan yang Anda maksud adalah suatu persetubuhan di luar perkawinan oleh seorang laki-laki atau perempuan yang kawin, sebagai pelanggaran dari janji setia perkawinan. Artinya, Anda dengan cara tertentu memergoki istri Anda telah melakukan persetubuhan dengan laki-laki lain.Terhadap tindakan perselingkuhan tersebut, maka muncul pertanyaan apakah perselingkuhan bisa dipidanakan? Dalam KUHP, tidak diatur secara tegas tentang istilah perselingkuhan.Namun demikian, di dalam KUHP yang masih berlaku pada saat artikel ini diterbitkan dan UU 1/2023 tentang KUHP baru yang baru berlaku 3 tahun sejak tanggal diundangkan,[1] yaitu tahun 2026, perselingkuhan yang dilakukan dengan persetubuhan dapat dikenakan pasal perzinaan (overspel).KUHPUU 1/2023Pasal 284 ayat (1)Diancam dengan pidana penjara paling lama sembilan bulan:a. seorang pria yang telah kawin yang melakukan gendak (overspel), padahal diketahui bahwa pasal 27 BW berlaku baginya.b. seorang wanita yang telah kawin yang melakukan gendak, padahal diketahui bahwa pasal 27 BW berlaku baginya. a. seorang pria yang turut serta melakukan perbuatan itu, padahal diketahuinya bahwa yang turut bersalah telah kawin.b. seorang wanita yang telah kawin yang turut serta melakukan perbuatan itu, padahal diketahui olehnya bahwa yang turut bersalah telah kawin dan pasal 27 BW berlaku baginya.Pasal 411 ayat (1)Setiap orang yang melakukan persetubuhan dengan orang yang bukan suami atau istrinya, dipidana karena perzinaan, dengan pidana penjara paling lama 1 (satu) tahun atau pidana denda paling banyak kategori II yaitu Rp10 juta.[2]Penjelasan Pasal 411 ayat (1) Yang dimaksud dengan “bukan suami atau istrinya” adalah:laki-laki yang berada dalam ikatan perkawinan melakukan persetubuhan dengan perempuan yang bukan istrinya;perempuan yang berada dalam ikatan perkawinan melakukan persetubuhan dengan laki-laki yang bukan suaminya;laki-laki yang tidak dalam ikatan perkawinan melakukan persetubuhan dengan perempuan, padahal diketahui bahwa perempuan tersebut berada dalam ikatan perkawinan;perempuan yang tidak dalam ikatan perkawinan melakukan persetubuhan dengan laki-laki, padahal diketahui bahwa laki-laki tersebut berada dalam ikatan perkawinan; ataulaki-laki dan perempuan yang masing-masing tidak terikat dalam perkawinan melakukan persetubuhanPasal 284 ayat (2)Tidak dilakukan penuntutan melainkan atas pengaduan suami/istri yang tercemar, dan bilamana bagi mereka berlaku pasal 27 BW, dalam tenggang waktu tiga bulan diikuti dengan permintaan bercerai atau pisah-meja dan ranjang karena alasan itu juga.Pasal 411 ayat (2)Terhadap tindak pidana sebagaimana dimaksud ayat (1) tidak dilakukan penuntutan kecuali atas pengaduan:suami atau istri bagi yang terikat perkawinan.orang tua atau anaknya bagi orang yang tidak terikat perkawinan.Sebagai informasi, bahwa delik perzinaan adalah delik aduan yang mana pengaduan ini terdapat dua pilihan yaitu:[3]pengaduan tidak dapat ditarik kembali;dapat ditarik kembali selama pemeriksaan dalam sidang pengadilan belum dimulai.Selanjutnya, pihak yang dapat melakukan pengaduan adalah suami/istri yang tercemar dan terhadap mereka dapat berlaku Pasal 27 KUH Perdata yang mengatakan bahwa dalam waktu yang sama seorang laki-laki hanya diperbolehkan mempunyai satu orang wanita sebagai istrinya demikian sebaliknya dan dalam jangka waktu 3 bulan dapat diikuti dengan permohonan bercerai atau pisah ranjang dengan alasan yang sama.[4]Menurut R. Soesilo sebagaimana dikutip dalam artikel Risiko Hukum Menjadi ‘Pelakor’ delik perzinaan atau overspel merupakan delik aduan absolut artinya tidak dapat dituntut apabila tidak ada pengaduan dari pihak suami atau istri yang dirugikan. Selain itu, pengaduan tersebut tidak boleh dibelah. Jika laki-laki (A) nengadukan bahwa istrinya (B) telah berzina dengan laki-laki lain (C), maka B sebagai yang telah melakukan perzinaan dan C sebagai yang turut melakukan perzinaan, keduanya harus dituntut.Namun demikian, apabila istri Anda berselingkuh tanpa bersetubuh, maka tidak ada pasal pidana selingkuh yang dapat dijatuhkan. Hal ini telah dijelaskan dalam artikel Pidana Selingkuh Tanpa Bersetubuh bagi Pasangan, Adakah? Bukti-bukti Delik PerzinaanBerdasarkan penjelasan di atas, lantas apakah perselingkuhan bisa dilaporkan ke polisi? Jawabannya bisa. Karena perselingkuhan dengan persetubuhan termasuk delik perzinaan atau overspel.Namun demikian, perlu kami sampaikan bahwa hukum pidana adalah ultimum remedium atau upaya terakhir penegakan hukum. Artinya perkara diutamakan untuk diselesaikan melalui jalur kekeluargaan terlebih dahulu.Baca juga: Arti Ultimum Remedium sebagai Sanksi PamungkasAdapun jika akan melaporkan kepada polisi, apa saja bukti perselingkuhan yang bisa digunakan? Setidak-tidaknya terdapat alat bukti yang sah menurut Pasal 184 ayat (1) KUHAP yaitu:keterangan saksi;keterangan ahli;surat;petunjuk;keterangan terdakwa.Selain alat bukti tersebut di atas, tidak menutup kemungkinan Anda dapat menggunakan bukti-bukti elektronik berupa informasi elektronik dan/atau dokumen elektronik sebagaimana diatur di dalam Pasal 5 ayat (1) UU ITE jo. Putusan MK No. 20/PUU-XIV/2016. Misalnya foto, video, chat, dan lain sebagainya. Selengkapnya terkait dengan syarat alat bukti elektronik dapat Anda baca dalam Syarat dan Kekuatan Hukum Alat Bukti Elektronik.Perlu Anda perhatikan bahwa bukti-bukti perselingkuhan tersebut haruslah mengarah pada persetubuhan atau perzinaan agar memenuhi unsur Pasal 284 KUHP atau Pasal 411 UU 1/2023. Contoh KasusContoh kasus perselingkuhan yang dipidana dengan Pasal 284 ayat (1) ke-1a KUHP dapat disimak dalam Putusan PN Dataran Hunipopu No. 31/Pid.B/2019/PN Drh.Terdakwa bersama saksi (yang juga menjadi terdakwa pada berkas terpisah) terbukti secara sah dan meyakinkan bersalah melakukan tindak pidana turut serta melakukan zina dan dijatuhi pidana penjara selama 1 bulan (hal. 12–13).Terdakwa dan saksi korban (istri sah) masih memiliki hubungan pernikahan namun tidak harmonis karena saksi korban sering dipukul dan pergi ke Jakarta untuk menenangkan diri. Ketika ditinggal saksi korban (istri sah) ke Jakarta, terdakwa dan saksi melakukan gendak (overspel) di rumah terdakwa hingga tinggal bersama di rumah terdakwa dan berhubungan layaknya suami istri. Terdakwa dan saksi kemudian memiliki seorang anak perempuan berumur 1 tahun 7 bulan (hal. 2–3).Dalam kasus tersebut, bukti yang digunakan adalah saksi-saksi dan 1 lembar kutipan akta perkawinan. Demikian jawaban dari kami tentang pasal perselingkuhan, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUMKitab Undang-Undang Hukum PidanaKitab Undang-Undang Hukum PerdataUndang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1981 tentang Hukum Acara PidanaUndang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi ElektronikUndang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi ElektronikUndang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana PUTUSANPutusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 20/PUU-XIV/2016;Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Dataran Hunipopu Nomor 31/Pid.B/2019/PN Drh. REFERENSIKBBI, yang diakses pada Selasa, 21 Maret 2023 pukul 08.54 WIB.[1] Pasal 624 Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (“UU 1/2023”)[2] Pasal 79 ayat (1) huruf b UU 1/2023[3] Pasal 284 ayat (3) dan (4) Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (“KUHP”) dan Pasal 411 ayat (3) dan (4) UU 1/2023[4] Pasal 284 ayat (2) KUHPTagshukum pidanakuhpperzinaanselingkuhzina
Istri saya kepergok berselingkuh, bagaimana saya dapat meminta pertanggungjawaban mereka? Jelas saya dirugikan, saya ingin memperkarakan masalah ini ke pengadilan. Bagaimana caranya, dan pasal-pasal apa yang dapat dipakai? Terima kasih.
Perbuatan selingkuh identik dengan tindakan serong salah satu pasangan yang melanggar janji perkawinannya. Lantas, apakah perselingkuhan bisa dipidanakan?   Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Bisakah PNS Dipecat karena Selingkuh?13 Mar 2024Sesama Rekan Kerja Kepergok Selingkuh, Bolehkah Dipecat?04 Jan 2024Pidana Selingkuh Tanpa Bersetubuh bagi Pasangan, Adakah?22 Jun 2023Jika Suami Selingkuh dan Hendak Menceraikan Istri yang Hamil15 Mei 2023Bisakah PNS Dipecat karena Selingkuh?13 Mar 2024Sesama Rekan Kerja Kepergok Selingkuh, Bolehkah Dipecat?04 Jan 2024Pidana Selingkuh Tanpa Bersetubuh bagi Pasangan, Adakah?22 Jun 2023Jika Suami Selingkuh dan Hendak Menceraikan Istri yang Hamil15 Mei 2023Somasi: Pengertian, Dasar Hukum, dan Cara Membuatnya 7 Jun 2023Ini Cara Mengurus Akta Nikah yang Terlambat 30 Sep 2022Cara Hitung Pesangon Berdasarkan UU Cipta Kerja18 Agu 2023Somasi: Pengertian, Dasar Hukum, dan Cara Membuatnya 7 Jun 2023Ini Cara Mengurus Akta Nikah yang Terlambat 30 Sep 2022Cara Hitung Pesangon Berdasarkan UU Cipta Kerja18 Agu 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/kepergok-selingkuh-bisakah-dipidana-cl34/
Kepergok Selingkuh, Bisakah Dipidana?
pages/154/page-1.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Bisakah PNS Dipecat karena Selingkuh? ](/klinik/a/bisakah-pns-dipecat-karena-selingkuh--lt5f6c38fd99d65/) ![Bisakah PNS Dipecat karena Selingkuh?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt5f6c38fd99d65/thumbnail_lt5f6c3b541a27a.jpg) 13 Mar 2024 [ #### Sesama Rekan Kerja Kepergok Selingkuh, Bolehkah Dipecat? ](/klinik/a/sesama-rekan-kerja-kepergok-selingkuh--bolehkah-dipecat-lt60fe63b9aea16/) ![Sesama Rekan Kerja Kepergok Selingkuh, Bolehkah Dipecat?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt60fe63b9aea16/thumbnail_lt6596945c2f082.png) 04 Jan 2024 [ #### Pidana Selingkuh Tanpa Bersetubuh bagi Pasangan, Adakah? ](/klinik/a/pidana-selingkuh-tanpa-bersetubuh-lt5e935c41d3bd3/) ![Pidana Selingkuh Tanpa Bersetubuh bagi Pasangan, Adakah?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt5e935c41d3bd3/thumbnail_lt6494141fe8c6e.jpg) 22 Jun 2023 [ #### Jika Suami Selingkuh dan Hendak Menceraikan Istri yang Hamil ](/klinik/a/suami-selingkuh-lt602514c06349a/) ![Jika Suami Selingkuh dan Hendak Menceraikan Istri yang Hamil](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt602514c06349a/thumbnail_lt602515bb1dfee.jpg) 15 Mei 2023 [](#!) **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul _perselingkuhan_ yang dibuat oleh** [**Si Pokrol**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/si-pokrol-lt4a0aae6c03cb7)**, dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Rabu, 10 April 2002.** Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) **Artikel ini dibuat berdasarkan KUHP lama dan UU 1/2023 tentang KUHP yang diundangkan pada tanggal 2 Januari 2023.** Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika)**.** ### **Pasal Perselingkuhan** Sebelum menjawab pertanyaan Anda, kami akan membahas terlebih dahulu mengenai makna perselingkuhan. Menurut **[KBBI](https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/selingkuh)**, selingkuh adalah menyembunyikan sesuatu untuk kepentingan sendiri; tidak berterus terang; tidak jujur; serong. Selingkuh juga dapat diartikan sebagai menyeleweng. Dalam konteks hubungan perkawinan, selingkuh identik dengan tindakan serong salah satu pasangan yang melanggar janji perkawinannya. Dalam pertanyaan yang Anda sampaikan, Anda tidak menyebutkan bagaimana perselingkuhan yang dilakukan oleh istri Anda.   Kami asumsikan perselingkuhan yang Anda maksud adalah suatu persetubuhan di luar perkawinan oleh seorang laki-laki atau perempuan yang kawin, sebagai pelanggaran dari janji setia perkawinan. Artinya, Anda dengan cara tertentu memergoki istri Anda telah melakukan persetubuhan dengan laki-laki lain. Terhadap tindakan perselingkuhan tersebut, maka muncul pertanyaan apakah perselingkuhan bisa dipidanakan? Dalam [**KUHP**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4c7b7fd88a8c3/nprt/38/wetboek-van-strafrecht-\(wvs\)-kitab-undang-undang-hukum-pidana-\(kuhp\)?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHP), tidak diatur secara tegas tentang istilah perselingkuhan. Namun demikian, di dalam KUHP yang masih berlaku pada saat artikel ini diterbitkan dan **[UU 1/2023](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b3943c53853/undang-undang-nomor-1-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_1_2023_KUHP_baru)** tentang KUHP baru yang baru berlaku 3 tahun sejak tanggal diundangkan,[\[1\]](#_ftn1) yaitu tahun 2026, perselingkuhan yang dilakukan dengan persetubuhan dapat dikenakan pasal perzinaan (_overspel_). **KUHP** **UU 1/2023** **Pasal 284 ayat (1)** Diancam dengan pidana penjara paling lama sembilan bulan: 1. a. seorang pria yang telah kawin yang melakukan gendak (_overspel_), padahal diketahui bahwa pasal 27 BW berlaku baginya. b. seorang wanita yang telah kawin yang melakukan gendak, padahal diketahui bahwa pasal 27 BW berlaku baginya. 2. a. seorang pria yang turut serta melakukan perbuatan itu, padahal diketahuinya bahwa yang turut bersalah telah kawin. b. seorang wanita yang telah kawin yang turut serta melakukan perbuatan itu, padahal diketahui olehnya bahwa yang turut bersalah telah kawin dan pasal 27 BW berlaku baginya. **Pasal 411 ayat (1)** Setiap orang yang melakukan persetubuhan dengan orang yang bukan suami atau istrinya, dipidana karena perzinaan, dengan pidana penjara paling lama 1 (satu) tahun atau pidana denda paling banyak kategori II yaitu Rp10 juta.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) **Penjelasan Pasal 411 ayat (1)** Yang dimaksud dengan “bukan suami atau istrinya” adalah: 1. laki-laki yang berada dalam ikatan perkawinan melakukan persetubuhan dengan perempuan yang bukan istrinya; 2. perempuan yang berada dalam ikatan perkawinan melakukan persetubuhan dengan laki-laki yang bukan suaminya; 3. laki-laki yang tidak dalam ikatan perkawinan melakukan persetubuhan dengan perempuan, padahal diketahui bahwa perempuan tersebut berada dalam ikatan perkawinan; 4. perempuan yang tidak dalam ikatan perkawinan melakukan persetubuhan dengan laki-laki, padahal diketahui bahwa laki-laki tersebut berada dalam ikatan perkawinan; atau 5. laki-laki dan perempuan yang masing-masing tidak terikat dalam perkawinan melakukan persetubuhan **Pasal 284 ayat (2)** Tidak dilakukan penuntutan melainkan atas pengaduan suami/istri yang tercemar, dan bilamana bagi mereka berlaku pasal 27 BW, dalam tenggang waktu tiga bulan diikuti dengan permintaan bercerai atau pisah-meja dan ranjang karena alasan itu juga. **Pasal 411 ayat (2)** Terhadap tindak pidana sebagaimana dimaksud ayat (1) tidak dilakukan penuntutan kecuali atas pengaduan: 1. suami atau istri bagi yang terikat perkawinan. 2. orang tua atau anaknya bagi orang yang tidak terikat perkawinan. Sebagai informasi, bahwa delik perzinaan adalah **delik aduan** yang mana pengaduan ini terdapat dua pilihan yaitu:[\[3\]](#_ftn3) 1. pengaduan tidak dapat ditarik kembali; 2. dapat ditarik kembali selama pemeriksaan dalam sidang pengadilan belum dimulai. Selanjutnya, pihak yang dapat melakukan pengaduan adalah suami/istri yang tercemar dan terhadap mereka dapat berlaku **Pasal 27 [KUH Perdata](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17229/node/686?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHPerdata)** yang mengatakan bahwa dalam waktu yang sama seorang laki-laki hanya diperbolehkan mempunyai satu orang wanita sebagai istrinya demikian sebaliknya dan dalam jangka waktu 3 bulan dapat diikuti dengan permohonan bercerai atau pisah ranjang dengan alasan yang sama.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) Menurut **R. Soesilo** sebagaimana dikutip dalam artikel **[Risiko Hukum Menjadi ‘Pelakor’](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/risiko-hukum-menjadi-pelakor-lt5bffa6f7d2bb3/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pelakor?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=risiko_pelakor)** delik perzinaan atau _overspel_ merupakan **delik aduan absolut** artinya tidak dapat dituntut apabila tidak ada pengaduan dari pihak suami atau istri yang dirugikan. Selain itu, **pengaduan tersebut tidak boleh dibelah.** Jika laki-laki (A) nengadukan bahwa istrinya (B) telah berzina dengan laki-laki lain (C), maka B sebagai yang telah melakukan perzinaan dan C sebagai yang turut melakukan perzinaan, keduanya harus dituntut. Namun demikian, apabila istri Anda berselingkuh tanpa bersetubuh, maka tidak ada pasal pidana selingkuh yang dapat dijatuhkan. Hal ini telah dijelaskan dalam artikel **[Pidana Selingkuh Tanpa Bersetubuh bagi Pasangan, Adakah?](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/pidana-selingkuh-lt5e935c41d3bd3?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pidana_selingkuh)** ### **Bukti-bukti Delik Perzinaan** Berdasarkan penjelasan di atas, lantas apakah perselingkuhan bisa dilaporkan ke polisi? Jawabannya bisa. Karena perselingkuhan dengan persetubuhan termasuk delik perzinaan atau _overspel_. Namun demikian, perlu kami sampaikan bahwa hukum pidana adalah _ultimum remedium_ atau upaya terakhir penegakan hukum. Artinya perkara diutamakan untuk diselesaikan melalui jalur kekeluargaan terlebih dahulu. Baca juga: **[Arti Ultimum Remedium sebagai Sanksi Pamungkas](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/arti-ultimum-remedium-sebagai-sanksi-pamungkas-lt53b7be52bcf59?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=ultimum_remidium)** Adapun jika akan melaporkan kepada polisi, apa saja bukti perselingkuhan yang bisa digunakan? Setidak-tidaknya terdapat alat bukti yang sah menurut **Pasal 184 ayat (1) [KUHAP](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/2647/node/629/uu-no-8-tahun-1981-hukum-acara-pidana?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHAP)** yaitu: 1. keterangan saksi; 2. keterangan ahli; 3. surat; 4. petunjuk; 5. keterangan terdakwa. Selain alat bukti tersebut di atas, tidak menutup kemungkinan Anda dapat menggunakan bukti-bukti elektronik berupa [informasi elektronik](https://www.hukumonline.com/kamus/i/informasi-elektronik) dan/atau [dokumen elektronik](https://www.hukumonline.com/kamus/d/dokumen-elektronik) sebagaimana diatur di dalam **Pasal 5 ayat (1) [UU ITE](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/27912/undangundang-nomor-11-tahun-2008?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_ite) _jo_**. **[Putusan MK No. 20/PUU-XIV/2016](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5bd6d20c5595a?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=MK_20_2016)**. Misalnya foto, video, _chat,_ dan lain sebagainya. Selengkapnya terkait dengan syarat alat bukti elektronik dapat Anda baca dalam **[Syarat dan Kekuatan Hukum Alat Bukti Elektronik](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/syarat-dan-kekuatan-hukum-alat-bukti-elektronik-cl5461?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=alat_bukti_elektronik)**. Perlu Anda perhatikan bahwa **bukti-bukti perselingkuhan tersebut haruslah mengarah pada persetubuhan atau perzinaan** agar memenuhi unsur Pasal 284 KUHP atau Pasal 411 UU 1/2023. ### **Contoh Kasus** Contoh kasus perselingkuhan yang dipidana dengan Pasal 284 ayat (1) ke-1a KUHP dapat disimak dalam **[Putusan PN Dataran Hunipopu No. 31/Pid.B/2019/PN Drh](https://putusan3.mahkamahagung.go.id/direktori/putusan/c7820fccbcfd0e4c8a7e992ce3b37249.html)**. Terdakwa bersama saksi (yang juga menjadi terdakwa pada berkas terpisah) terbukti secara sah dan meyakinkan bersalah melakukan tindak pidana turut serta melakukan zina dan dijatuhi pidana penjara selama 1 bulan (hal. 12–13). Terdakwa dan saksi korban (istri sah) masih memiliki hubungan pernikahan namun tidak harmonis karena saksi korban sering dipukul dan pergi ke Jakarta untuk menenangkan diri. Ketika ditinggal saksi korban (istri sah) ke Jakarta, terdakwa dan saksi melakukan gendak (_overspel_) di rumah terdakwa hingga tinggal bersama di rumah terdakwa dan berhubungan layaknya suami istri. Terdakwa dan saksi kemudian memiliki seorang anak perempuan berumur 1 tahun 7 bulan (hal. 2–3). Dalam kasus tersebut, bukti yang digunakan adalah saksi-saksi dan 1 lembar kutipan akta perkawinan. Demikian jawaban dari kami tentang pasal perselingkuhan, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4c7b7fd88a8c3/nprt/38/wetboek-van-strafrecht-\(wvs\)-kitab-undang-undang-hukum-pidana-\(kuhp\)?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHP) Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17229/node/686?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHPerdata) Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1981 tentang Hukum Acara Pidana [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/2647/node/629/uu-no-8-tahun-1981-hukum-acara-pidana?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHAP) Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/27912/undangundang-nomor-11-tahun-2008?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_ite) Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt584a7363785c8?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_19_2016) Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b3943c53853/undang-undang-nomor-1-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_1_2023_KUHP_baru) PUTUSAN ------- 1. [Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 20/PUU-XIV/2016](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5bd6d20c5595a?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=MK_20_2016); 2. [Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Dataran Hunipopu Nomor 31/Pid.B/2019/PN Drh](https://putusan3.mahkamahagung.go.id/direktori/putusan/c7820fccbcfd0e4c8a7e992ce3b37249.html). REFERENSI --------- [KBBI](https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/selingkuh), yang diakses pada Selasa, 21 Maret 2023 pukul 08.54 WIB. * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Pasal 624 [Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b3943c53853/undang-undang-nomor-1-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_1_2023_KUHP_baru) (“UU 1/2023”) [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal 79 ayat (1) huruf b UU 1/2023 [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 284 ayat (3) dan (4) [Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4c7b7fd88a8c3/nprt/38/wetboek-van-strafrecht-\(wvs\)-kitab-undang-undang-hukum-pidana-\(kuhp\)?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHP) (“KUHP”) dan Pasal 411 ayat (3) dan (4) UU 1/2023 [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 284 ayat (2) KUHP Tags ---- [hukum pidana](/tag/hukum-pidana) [kuhp](/tag/kuhp) [perzinaan](/tag/perzinaan) [selingkuh](/tag/selingkuh) [zina](/tag/zina)
ULASAN LENGKAPThis article is an English translation of Jerat Hukum WNA Kerja Ilegal di Indonesia written by Dian Dwi Jayanti, S.H., and was published on Tuesday, 14 March 2023. This article below is an update of the article entitled Criminal Penalty for Foreigners Working as Illegal Villa Keeper, which was first written by James Peter N. C. Paath, S.H. from Lembaga Bantuan Hukum Mawar Saron and was first published on Tuesday, 9 October 2018. All legal information available on Klinik hukumonline.com has been prepared for educational purposes only and is general in nature (read the complete Disclaimer). In order to obtain legal advice specific to your case, please consult with Justika Partner Consultant.Definition of Foreign WorkersBefore answering your question, we should first understand what is meant by Foreign Workers (Tenaga Kerja Asing/ “TKA”). According to Abdul Hakim, Foreign Worker is any person who is not an Indonesian Citizen who is able to perform work, either inside or outside the working relationship, in order to produce services or goods to fulfill the needs of the community.[1] This definition is in line with Article 1 number 1 Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 8/2021, Article 1 number 1 Government Regulation 34/2021, and Article 1 number 13 Law 13/2003, which defines Foreign Workers as foreign citizens who hold visas with the intention of working in Indonesian territory.Visas and Stay Permits for Foreign Citizens to Work in IndonesiaBelajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas As defined above, the main requirement to become a Foreign Worker is that a Foreign Citizen (Warga Negara Asing/ "WNA") must be in possession of a visa. The type of visa required by a Foreign Worker in order to work in Indonesia is a Limited Stay Visa (Visa Tinggal Terbatas/ "Vitas") which is obtained through an application.[2] You can read a complete description of the various types of visas in the article Types of Indonesian Visas and Their Uses.Vitas, in order to work, may be granted to foreigners to carry out activities including:[3]as experts;join to work on ships, floating equipment, or installations operating in the waters of the archipelago, the territorial sea, or the continental shelf, as well as the Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zone;carry out their duties as clergy;undertake activities related to the profession by receiving payment;engage in commercial filmmaking activities and have obtained licenses from authorized institutions;supervise the quality of goods or production;conduct inspections or audits at company branches in Indonesia;serve after-sales; installing and repairing machines;undertake non-permanent work in the framework of construction;organize art, music, and sports performances;organize professional sports activities;undertake medical activities; orprospective foreign workers who will work in order to test their skills.The Limited Stay Visa application in order to work may be submitted by Guarantor to the Immigration Official at the Directorate General of Immigration through application by enclosing:[4]letter of guarantee from the Guarantor who is the employer of the Foreigner;Legal and Valid Nationality Passport:minimum of 12 (twelve) months for those who will work in the Indonesian territory for a maximum of 180 (one hundred and eighty) days;minimum of 18 (eighteen) months for those who will work or stay in the Indonesian territory for a maximum of 1 (one) year; orminimum of 30 (thirty) months for those who will work or stay in the Indonesian territory for a maximum of 2 (two) years. proof of having the cost of living for themselves and/or their families during their stay in the Indonesian territory of at least US$2000 (two thousand US dollars) or its equivalent;2 (two) recent colored photographs with white background, with a size of 4 cm x 6 cm (four centimeters by six centimeters);proof of insurance ownership in an insurance company with an Indonesian legal entity which includes health financing as long as the Foreigner is in Indonesian territory; and a letter of recommendation from the authorized agency in charge of manpower or other relevant agencies.Furthermore, the Limited Stay Visa application shall also be used as an application for Limited Stay Permit (Izin Tinggal Permit/ “ITAS”) for work purposes.[5]Provisions on Foreign Worker EmployersBasically, Foreign Workers may only be employed by Foreign Worker Employers in an employment relationship for a certain position and for a certain period of time, and have competencies in accordance with the position to be occupied.[6]Any employer who employs foreign workers must possess a Foreign Workers Recruitment Plan (“Rencana Penggunaan Tenaga Kerja Asing/ “RPTKA”) that is validated by the Central Government and individual employers are prohibited from employing foreign workers.[7]Foreign Workers Recruitment Plan is also regulated in Article 6 Government Regulation 34/2021 which states:Every Foreign Worker Employer who employs Foreign Workers must have a Foreign Workers Recruitment Plan which is validated by the Minister or an appointed official.In the event that Foreign Worker Employer is going to employ Foreign Workers who are being employed by another Foreign Worker Employer, the respective Foreign Worker Employer must have a Validation of the Foreign Workers Recruitment Plan.Foreign Worker Employers as referred to in section (1) and section (2) are required to employ Foreign Workers in accordance with the Validation of Foreign Workers Recruitment Plan.Besides that, Foreign Worker Employers have some obligations such as appointing Indonesian workers as Foreign Worker Understudy Workers who are employed for the transfer of technology and transfer of expertise from Foreign Workers, carrying out education and job training for Foreign Worker Understudy Workers in accordance with the qualifications for the position occupied by Foreign Workers, return the Foreign Workers to their country of origin after the employment agreement expires,[8] and must facilitate Indonesian language education and training for Foreign Workers.[9]As an information, there are several occupations, such as art worker, villa keeper, and pet sitter, which are not regulated under the Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights 29/2021 or Law 13/2003. Therefore, we assume that the work undertaken by the foreigners can be categorized as informal/non-formal sector work which has the following characteristics:[10]Work orders that are not permanent, but rather follow the orders of the employer;Unspecified working hours;Wages that are not paid in the form of money but only accommodation, or which are legally known as non-wage income.However, such a wage system does not eliminate the fact that there is work to be done, the employer, and the counter-performance of what is done. Thus, foreigners must still have Limited Stay Visas.Also read: Is It Permissible to Employ Foreign Workers as Blue-Collar Workers?Sanctions for Foreigners Who Work Without PermitsAccording to our opinion, Foreign Citizens who work without having Limited Stay Visas or Vitas have committed violations of the law, for that reason, Immigration Officials are authorized to carry out Immigration Administrative Actions against Foreigners who are in Indonesian Territory and who carry out dangerous activities and are reasonably suspected of endangering security and public order or not respecting them or not complying with laws and regulations,[11] such as:[12]including their names in the list of Exit Ban or Entry Ban;restriction, change, or cancellation of their Stay Permit;prohibition from residing in one or several certain places in Indonesian Territory;obligation to reside at a certain place in Indonesian Territory;liable to a fine; and/orDeportation from Indonesian Territory.In addition to administrative sanctions, there are also criminal sanctions for foreigners who misuse the granting of Stay Permits granted to them. These matters are regulated under Article 122 Law 6/2011, specifically:A sentence of imprisonment for a maximum of 5 (five) years and a fine for a maximum of IDR500,000,000.00 (five hundred million rupiahs) shall be imposed on:any Foreign National deliberately misusing or conducting activities that do not comply with the purposes and objectives of the Stay Permit granted to them; any person inciting or allowing Foreign Nationals to misuse their Stay Permit or conduct activities that do not comply with the purposes and objectives of the Stay Permit granted to them.Based on the abovementioned provisions, any persons who provide employment to foreigners who misuse or engage in activities that are contrary to their stay permits may also be subject to imprisonment for a maximum of 5 (five) years and a maximum fine of IDR 500 million.Also read: Requirements for Foreign Workers to Work in IndonesiaIn conclusion, Foreign Workers are Foreign Citizens who hold Limited Stay Visas with the intention of working in Indonesian territory. In other words, to be able to work in Indonesia, foreigners are required to have visas. Foreigners who fail to comply with the laws and regulations may be subject to administrative sanctions and deportation from Indonesian territory. In addition, if a foreign citizen intentionally misuses it or engages in activities that are not in accordance with the purpose and objectives of the granting of a Stay Permit, then they may be subject to a maximum of 5 (five) years of imprisonment and a maximum fine of IDR 500 million.Enrich your legal research with the latest bilingual legal analysis, as well as the collection of regulatory translations integrated into Hukumonline Pro, click here to learn more.These are the answers we can provide, we hope you will find them useful.Legal Basis:Law Number 13 of 2003 on Manpower;Law Number 6 of 2011 on Immigration;Regulation of the Government in Lieu of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation;Regulation of the Government Number 34 of 2021 on the Recruitment of Foreign Workers;Regulation of the Minister of Manpower of the Republic of Indonesia Number 8 of 2021 on Implementing Regulation of Regulation of the Government Number 34 of 2021 on the Utilization of Foreign Workers;Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights Number 29 of 2021 on Visa and Stay Permit;Circular of the Minister of Manpower Number SE-07/MEN/1990 of 1990 on Classification of Wage and Non-Wage Income Components.Reference:Abdul Hakim. Dasar-Dasar Hukum Ketenagakerjaan Indonesia. Jakarta: Citra Aditya Bakti, 2009.[1] Abdul Hakim. Dasar-Dasar Hukum Ketenagakerjaan Indonesia. Jakarta: Citra Aditya Bakti, 2009, p. 27.[2] Article 29 Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights Number 29 of 2021 on Visa and Stay Permit (“Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights 29/2021”).[3] Article 30 section (1) Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights 29/2021.[4] Article 32 section (1) Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights 29/2021.[5] Article 32 section (2) Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights 29/2021.[6] Article 4 section (1) Regulation of the Government Number 34 of 2021 on the Recruitment of Foreign Workers (“Government Regulation 34/2021”).[7] Article 81 number 4 Regulation of the Government in Lieu of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation (“Perppu 2/2022”) which amended Article 42 section (1) and (2) Law Number 13 of 2003 on Manpower (“Law 13/2003”).[8] Article 7 section (1) Government Regulation 34/2021.[9] Article 7 section (2) Government Regulation 34/2021.[10] Circular of the Minister of Manpower Number SE-07/MEN/1990 of 1990 on Classification of Wage and Non-Wage Income Components (“Circular of the Minister of Manpower 07/1990”).[11] Article 75 section (1) Law Number 6 of 2011 on Immigration (“Law 6/2011”).[12] Article 75 section (2) Law 6/2011.Tagsklinik english edition
Recently, many foreigners have been reported to be working illegally in Bali, for example, as yoga teachers, photographers/videographers, spiritual experts, art workers, villa keepers, pet sitters, and others without valid licenses from the government. Is there any legal basis to regulate tourists or foreign citizens working in Indonesia? What are the requirements for foreign citizens to work in Indonesia?
In essence, the main requirement for a Foreign Citizen (Warga Negara Asing/ ”WNA”) who wishes to work in Indonesia must be in possession of a Limited Stay Visa (Visa Tinggal Terbatas/ “Vitas”) which is obtained through the application. So, what are the legal sanctions if foreigners work without Vitas? Can foreign employers without Vitas also be subject to criminal sanctions? Please read the review below for a further explanation. Jika Polisi Menolak Laporan Masyarakat, Lakukan Ini15 Jan 2024Syarat dan Prosedur Mempekerjakan TKA untuk Sementara21 Mar 2023Cara Mengurus Akta Cerai yang Hilang19 Mei 2023Jika Polisi Menolak Laporan Masyarakat, Lakukan Ini15 Jan 2024Syarat dan Prosedur Mempekerjakan TKA untuk Sementara21 Mar 2023Cara Mengurus Akta Cerai yang Hilang19 Mei 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/criminal-penalty-for-foreigners-working-illegally-in-indonesia-lt641864968fb48/
Criminal Penalty for Foreigners Working Illegally in Indonesia
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- This article is an English translation of [**_Jerat Hukum WNA Kerja Ilegal di Indonesia_**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/jerat-hukum-wna-kerja-ilegal-di-indonesia-lt5b76f9f3c7bee?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=jerat_hukum_wna_kerja_ilegal) written by [**Dian Dwi Jayanti, S.H.**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/dian-dwi-jayanti--sh-lt6374680d16d2f), and was published on Tuesday, 14 March 2023. **This article below is an update of the article entitled _Criminal Penalty for Foreigners Working as Illegal Villa Keeper_, which was first written by** [**James Peter N. C. Paath, S.H.**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/lembaga-bantuan-hukum-mawar-saron-lt4ddc7a184bdfe/james-peter-n-c-paath--sh-lt5bbc55b9bcd17) **from** [**Lembaga Bantuan Hukum Mawar Saron**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/lembaga-bantuan-hukum-mawar-saron-lt4ddc7a184bdfe) **and was first published on Tuesday, 9 October 2018.**  All legal information available on Klinik hukumonline.com has been prepared for educational purposes only and is general in nature (read the complete [**Disclaimer**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer)). In order to obtain legal advice specific to your case, please consult with [**Justika Partner Consultant**](https://www.justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Definition of Foreign Workers** Before answering your question, we should first understand what is meant by Foreign Workers (Tenaga Kerja Asing/ “TKA”). According to **Abdul Hakim**, Foreign Worker is any person who is not an Indonesian Citizen who is able to perform work, either inside or outside the working relationship, in order to produce services or goods to fulfill the needs of the community.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) This definition is in line with **Article 1 number 1** [**Regulation of the Minister of Manpower 8/2021**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6098d852a541a/peraturan-menteri-ketenagakerjaan-nomor-8-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=Permenaker_8_2021), **Article 1 number 1 [Government Regulation 34/2021](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt60322aa20df10/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-34-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_34_2021)**, and **Article 1 number 13** [**Law 13/2003**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13146/undangundang-nomor-13-tahun-2003/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_13_2003), which defines Foreign Workers as foreign citizens who hold visas with the intention of working in Indonesian territory. ### **Visas and Stay Permits for Foreign Citizens to Work in Indonesia** Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) As defined above, the main requirement to become a Foreign Worker is that a Foreign Citizen (Warga Negara Asing/ "WNA") must be in possession of a visa. The type of visa required by a Foreign Worker in order to work in Indonesia is a Limited Stay Visa (Visa Tinggal Terbatas/ "Vitas") which is obtained through an application.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) You can read a complete description of the various types of visas in the article [**Types of Indonesian Visas and Their Uses**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/types-of-indonesian-visas-and-their-uses-lt63dcb3b5c4a04/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=types_of_visas). Vitas, in order to work, may be granted to foreigners to carry out activities including:[\[3\]](#_ftn3) 1. as experts; 2. join to work on ships, floating equipment, or installations operating in the waters of the archipelago, the territorial sea, or the continental shelf, as well as the Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zone; 3. **carry out their duties as clergy**; 4. undertake activities related to the profession by receiving payment; 5. **engage in commercial filmmaking activities and have obtained licenses from authorized institutions**; 6. supervise the quality of goods or production; 7. conduct inspections or audits at company branches in Indonesia; 8. serve after-sales; 9. installing and repairing machines; 10. undertake non-permanent work in the framework of construction; 11. organize art, music, and sports performances; 12. **organize professional sports activities;** 13. undertake medical activities; or 14. prospective foreign workers who will work in order to test their skills. The Limited Stay Visa application in order to work may be submitted by Guarantor to the Immigration Official at the Directorate General of Immigration through application by enclosing:[\[4\]](#_ftn4) 1. letter of guarantee from the Guarantor who is the employer of the Foreigner; 2. Legal and Valid Nationality Passport: 1. minimum of 12 (twelve) months for those who will work in the Indonesian territory for a maximum of 180 (one hundred and eighty) days; 2. minimum of 18 (eighteen) months for those who will work or stay in the Indonesian territory for a maximum of 1 (one) year; or 3. minimum of 30 (thirty) months for those who will work or stay in the Indonesian territory for a maximum of 2 (two) years. 3. proof of having the cost of living for themselves and/or their families during their stay in the Indonesian territory of at least US$2000 (two thousand US dollars) or its equivalent; 4. 2 (two) recent colored photographs with white background, with a size of 4 cm x 6 cm (four centimeters by six centimeters); 5. proof of insurance ownership in an insurance company with an Indonesian legal entity which includes health financing as long as the Foreigner is in Indonesian territory; and 6. a letter of recommendation from the authorized agency in charge of manpower or other relevant agencies. Furthermore, the Limited Stay Visa application shall also be used as an application for Limited Stay Permit (Izin Tinggal Permit/ “ITAS”) for work purposes.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) ### **Provisions on Foreign Worker Employers** Basically, Foreign Workers may only be employed by Foreign Worker Employers in an employment relationship for a certain position and for a certain period of time, and have competencies in accordance with the position to be occupied.[\[6\]](#_ftn6) Any employer who employs foreign workers must possess a Foreign Workers Recruitment Plan (“Rencana Penggunaan Tenaga Kerja Asing/ “RPTKA”) that is validated by the Central Government and individual employers are prohibited from employing foreign workers.[\[7\]](#_ftn7) Foreign Workers Recruitment Plan is also regulated in **Article 6 Government Regulation 34/2021** which states: 1. Every Foreign Worker Employer who employs Foreign Workers must have a Foreign Workers Recruitment Plan which is validated by the Minister or an appointed official. 2. In the event that Foreign Worker Employer is going to employ Foreign Workers who are being employed by another Foreign Worker Employer, the respective Foreign Worker Employer must have a Validation of the Foreign Workers Recruitment Plan. 3. Foreign Worker Employers as referred to in section (1) and section (2) are required to employ Foreign Workers in accordance with the Validation of Foreign Workers Recruitment Plan. Besides that, Foreign Worker Employers have some obligations such as appointing Indonesian workers as Foreign Worker Understudy Workers who are employed for the transfer of technology and transfer of expertise from Foreign Workers, carrying out education and job training for Foreign Worker Understudy Workers in accordance with the qualifications for the position occupied by Foreign Workers, return the Foreign Workers to their country of origin after the employment agreement expires,[\[8\]](#_ftn8) and must facilitate Indonesian language education and training for Foreign Workers.[\[9\]](#_ftn9) As an information, there are several occupations, such as art worker, villa keeper, and pet sitter, which are not regulated under the Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights 29/2021 or Law 13/2003. Therefore, we assume that the work undertaken by the foreigners can be categorized as informal/non-formal sector work which has the following characteristics:[\[10\]](#_ftn10) 1. Work orders that are not permanent, but rather follow the orders of the employer; 2. Unspecified working hours; 3. Wages that are not paid in the form of money but only accommodation, or which are legally known as non-wage income. However, such a wage system does not eliminate the fact that there is work to be done, the employer, and the counter-performance of what is done. Thus, foreigners must still have Limited Stay Visas. Also read: [**Is It Permissible to Employ Foreign Workers as Blue-Collar Workers?**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/bolehkah-mempekerjakan-tenaga-kerja-asing-sebagai-buruh-kasar-lt558cb5b9d1e51?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=Bolehkah_Mempekerjakan_Tenaga_Kerja_Asing_sebagai_Buruh_Kasar) ### **Sanctions for Foreigners Who Work Without Permits** According to our opinion, Foreign Citizens who work without having Limited Stay Visas or Vitas have committed violations of the law, for that reason, Immigration Officials are authorized to carry out Immigration Administrative Actions against Foreigners who are in Indonesian Territory and who carry out dangerous activities and are reasonably suspected of endangering security and public order or not respecting them or not complying with laws and regulations,[\[11\]](#_ftn11) such as:[\[12\]](#_ftn12) 1. including their names in the list of Exit Ban or Entry Ban; 2. restriction, change, or cancellation of their Stay Permit; 3. prohibition from residing in one or several certain places in Indonesian Territory; 4. obligation to reside at a certain place in Indonesian Territory; 5. liable to a fine; and/or 6. Deportation from Indonesian Territory. In addition to administrative sanctions, there are also criminal sanctions for foreigners who misuse the granting of Stay Permits granted to them. These matters are regulated under **Article 122** [**Law 6/2011**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4dd0e447183ec/undangundang-nomor-6-tahun-2011/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_6_2011), specifically: A sentence of imprisonment for a maximum of 5 (five) years and a fine for a maximum of IDR500,000,000.00 (five hundred million rupiahs) shall be imposed on: 1. any Foreign National deliberately misusing or conducting activities that do not comply with the purposes and objectives of the Stay Permit granted to them; 2. any person inciting or allowing Foreign Nationals to misuse their Stay Permit or conduct activities that do not comply with the purposes and objectives of the Stay Permit granted to them. Based on the abovementioned provisions, any persons who provide employment to foreigners who misuse or engage in activities that are contrary to their stay permits may also be subject to imprisonment for a maximum of 5 (five) years and a maximum fine of IDR 500 million. Also read: [**Requirements for Foreign Workers to Work in Indonesia**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/requirements-for-foreign-workers-to-work-in-indonesia-lt63e38e52bf30d?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=requirements_for_foreign_workers_in_indo) In conclusion, Foreign Workers are Foreign Citizens who hold Limited Stay Visas with the intention of working in Indonesian territory. In other words, to be able to work in Indonesia, foreigners are required to have visas. Foreigners who fail to comply with the laws and regulations may be subject to administrative sanctions and deportation from Indonesian territory. In addition, if a foreign citizen intentionally misuses it or engages in activities that are not in accordance with the purpose and objectives of the granting of a Stay Permit, then they may be subject to a maximum of 5 (five) years of imprisonment and a maximum fine of IDR 500 million. Enrich your legal research with the latest bilingual legal analysis, as well as the collection of regulatory translations integrated into Hukumonline Pro, click [**here**](https://pro.hukumonline.com/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=cta&utm_campaign=artikel_klinik) to learn more. These are the answers we can provide, we hope you will find them useful. Legal Basis: 1. [Law Number 13 of 2003 on Manpower](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13146/undangundang-nomor-13-tahun-2003/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_13_2003); 2. [Law Number 6 of 2011 on Immigration](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4dd0e447183ec/undangundang-nomor-6-tahun-2011/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_6_2011); 3. [Regulation of the Government in Lieu of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022/translations?utm_medium=internal_link_klinik); 4. [Regulation of the Government Number 34 of 2021 on the Recruitment of Foreign Workers](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt60322aa20df10/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-34-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_34_2021); 5. [Regulation of the Minister of Manpower of the Republic of Indonesia Number 8 of 2021 on Implementing Regulation of Regulation of the Government Number 34 of 2021 on the Utilization of Foreign Workers](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6098d852a541a/peraturan-menteri-ketenagakerjaan-nomor-8-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=Permenaker_8_2021); 6. [Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights Number 29 of 2021 on Visa and Stay Permit](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt622f4923764d3/peraturan-menteri-hukum-dan-hak-asasi-manusia-nomor-29-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=Permenkumham_29_2021); 7. [Circular of the Minister of Manpower Number SE-07/MEN/1990 of 1990 on Classification of Wage and Non-Wage Income Components](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/626/node/157/se-menteri-tenaga-kerja-no-se-07_men_1990-tahun-1990-pengelompokan-komponen-upah-dan-pendapatan-non-upah?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=se_menaker_7_1990). Reference: Abdul Hakim. _Dasar-Dasar Hukum Ketenagakerjaan Indonesia_. Jakarta: Citra Aditya Bakti, 2009. * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Abdul Hakim. _Dasar-Dasar Hukum Ketenagakerjaan Indonesia_. Jakarta: Citra Aditya Bakti, 2009, p. 27. [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Article 29 [Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights Number 29 of 2021 on Visa and Stay Permit](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt622f4923764d3/peraturan-menteri-hukum-dan-hak-asasi-manusia-nomor-29-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=Permenkumham_29_2021) (“Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights 29/2021”). [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Article 30 section (1) Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights 29/2021. [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Article 32 section (1) Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights 29/2021. [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Article 32 section (2) Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights 29/2021. [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Article 4 section (1) [Regulation of the Government Number 34 of 2021 on the Recruitment of Foreign Workers](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt60322aa20df10/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-34-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_34_2021) (“Government Regulation 34/2021”). [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Article 81 number 4 [Regulation of the Government in Lieu of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022/translations?utm_medium=internal_link_klinik) (“Perppu 2/2022”) which amended Article 42 section (1) and (2) [Law Number 13 of 2003 on Manpower](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13146/undangundang-nomor-13-tahun-2003/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_13_2003) (“Law 13/2003”). [\[8\]](#_ftnref8) Article 7 section (1) Government Regulation 34/2021. [\[9\]](#_ftnref9) Article 7 section (2) Government Regulation 34/2021. [\[10\]](#_ftnref10) [Circular of the Minister of Manpower Number SE-07/MEN/1990 of 1990 on Classification of Wage and Non-Wage Income Components](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/626/node/157/se-menteri-tenaga-kerja-no-se-07_men_1990-tahun-1990-pengelompokan-komponen-upah-dan-pendapatan-non-upah?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=se_menaker_7_1990) (“Circular of the Minister of Manpower 07/1990”). [\[11\]](#_ftnref11) Article 75 section (1) [Law Number 6 of 2011 on Immigration](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4dd0e447183ec/undangundang-nomor-6-tahun-2011/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_6_2011) (“Law 6/2011”). [\[12\]](#_ftnref12) Article 75 section (2) Law 6/2011. Tags ---- [klinik english edition](/tag/klinik-english-edition)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran kedua dari artikel dengan judul Siapa Sajakah Penegak Hukum di Indonesia yang dibuat oleh Ilman Hadi, S.H.  dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada 13 Agustus 2012 kemudian dimutakhirkan pertama kali pada Jumat, 28 Januari 2022. KLINIK TERKAITDasar Hukum Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam UUD 1945 dan UU MK10 Nov 2023Dapatkah Advokat Asing Mendirikan Kantor Hukum di Indonesia?30 Jan 2023Polisi Melakukan Tindak Pidana, Begini Proses Peradilannya24 Agt 2022Aturan Seputar Hukum Acara Mahkamah Konstitusi02 Apr 2019Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.Apa Itu Lembaga Penegak Hukum?Sebelum membahas tentang peran lembaga penegak hukum, kami akan membahas terlebih dahulu definisi dari lembaga penegak hukum.Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Sepanjang penelusuran kami, definisi lembaga penegak hukum tidak dapat kami temui dalam peraturan perundang-undangan yang ada. Meski definisi lembaga penegak hukum tidak diatur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan, istilah penegak hukum dapat ditemukan dalam UU Advokat.Pasal 5 ayat (1) UU Advokat menerangkan bahwa advokat berstatus sebagai penegak hukum, bebas dan mandiri yang dijamin oleh hukum dan peraturan perundang-undangan.Untuk memperjelas, yang dimaksud dengan “advokat berstatus sebagai penegak hukum” adalah advokat sebagai salah satu perangkat dalam proses peradilan yang mempunyai kedudukan setara dengan penegak hukum lainnya dalam menegakkan hukum dan keadilan.[1]Merujuk kepada KBBI, lembaga berarti badan (organisasi) yang tujuannya melakukan suatu penyelidikan keilmuan atau melakukan suatu usaha. Lembaga juga berarti pola perilaku manusia yang mapan, terdiri atas interaksi sosial berstruktur dalam suatu kerangka nilai yang relevan. Sedangkan penegak hukum diartikan sebagai petugas yang berhubungan dengan masalah peradilan.Berdasarkan arti tersebut, maka lembaga penegak hukum di Indonesia dapat didefinisikan sebagai organisasi dari petugas-petugas yang berhubungan dengan masalah peradilan.Lantas, apa itu peradilan? Pengertian peradilan yang dimuat di laman Pengadilan Agama Pulang Pisau adalah segala sesuatu atau sebuah proses yang dijalankan di pengadilan yang berhubungan dengan tugas memeriksa, memutus dan mengadili perkara dengan menerapkan hukum dan/atau menemukan hukum “in concreto” (hakim menerapkan peraturan hukum kepada hal-hal yang nyata yang dihadapkan kepadanya untuk diadili dan diputus) untuk mempertahankan dan menjamin ditaatinya hukum materiil, dengan menggunakan cara prosedural yang ditetapkan oleh hukum formal.Lembaga Penegak Hukum di Indonesia Menurut Undang-UndangSelain frasa “penegak hukum” seperti dalam UU Advokat, terdapat pula istilah lain yang masih memiliki hubungan dengan istilah “penegak hukum”. Lembaga penegak hukum dan tugasnya dapat ditemui, antara lain dalam peraturan-peraturan berikut ini.Pasal 2 UU 2/2002 menyatakan bahwa fungsi kepolisian adalah salah satu fungsi pemerintahan negara di bidang pemeliharaan keamanan dan ketertiban masyarakat, penegakan hukum, perlindungan, pengayoman, dan pelayanan kepada masyarakat.Pasal 22 angka 41 UU 4/2023 yang mengubah Pasal 101 ayat (1) dan ayat (6) UU 8/1995, menyatakan bahwa penyidikan atas tindak pidana di bidang pasar modal hanya dapat dilakukan oleh penyidik Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (“OJK”). Namun dalam rangka pelaksanaan kewenangan penyidikan tersebut OJK dapat meminta bantuan aparat penegak hukum lain.Pasal 2 UU MK menerangkan bahwa Mahkamah Konstitusi merupakan salah satu lembaga negara yang melakukan kekuasaan kehakiman yang merdeka untuk menyelenggarakan peradilan guna menegakkan hukum dan keadilan.Pasal 1 angka 2 PP 16/2018 menerangkan bahwa Polisi Pamong Praja (“Pol PP”) adalah anggota Satpol PP sebagai aparat Pemerintah Daerah yang diduduki oleh pegawai negeri sipil dan diberi tugas, tanggung jawab, dan wewenang sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan dalam penegakan Peraturan Daerah dan Peraturan Kepala Daerah, penyelenggaraan ketertiban umum dan ketenteraman serta perlindungan masyarakat.Selain yang disebutkan di atas, contoh lembaga penegak hukum antara lain Kejaksaan, Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (KPK), Mahkamah Agung dan Komisi Yudisial.Lembaga-lembaga tersebut dapat dikatakan sebagai penegak hukum karena memiliki tugas dan wewenang lembaga penegak hukum yang berkaitan dengan proses peradilan, juga menangkap, memeriksa, mengawasi, atau menjalankan perintah undang-undang di bidangnya masing-masing.Dalam artian luas, masih ada beberapa lembaga lain yang memiliki peran sebagai lembaga hukum dan memiliki kewenangan untuk mengatur, mengawasi dan melaksanakan perintah peraturan, seperti Kementerian Keuangan melalui Pejabat Bea dan Cukai[2] dan Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha (KPPU).[3]Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa, meski dalam peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia tidak disebutkan definisi dari lembaga penegak hukum maupun penegak hukum, tetapi dalam peraturan perundang-undangan yang telah disebutkan sebelumnya, terdapat beberapa aparat dan lembaga yang dapat dikategorikan sebagai lembaga penegak hukum di Indonesia.Pembentukan Lembaga Penegak HukumMengenai apakah lembaga penegak hukum harus diatur melalui undang-undang, dalam Pasal 10 UU 12/2011 diterangkan bahwa materi muatan yang harus diatur dengan undang-undang berisi:pengaturan lebih lanjut mengenai ketentuan UUD 1945;perintah suatu undang-undang untuk diatur dengan undang-undang;pengesahan perjanjian internasional tertentu;tindak lanjut atas putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi; dan/ataupemenuhan kebutuhan hukum dalam masyarakat.Keharusan suatu lembaga penegak hukum untuk diatur dengan undang-undang memang tidak secara jelas disebutkan. Namun, dari alasan-alasan yang disebutkan, alasan “pemenuhan kebutuhan hukum dalam masyarakat” sangat relevan menjadi dasar dibentuknya suatu lembaga penegak hukum melalui undang-undang.Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat.DASAR HUKUMUndang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1995 tentang KepabeananUndang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2006 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1995 tentang KepabeananUndang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak SehatUndang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2003 tentang AdvokatUndang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2002 tentang Kepolisian Negara Republik IndonesiaUndang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1995 tentang Pasar ModalUndang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2011 tentang Otoritas Jasa KeuanganUndang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2003 tentang Mahkamah Konstitusi Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2011 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2003 tentang Mahkamah Konstitusi Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2013 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2003 tentang Mahkamah KonstitusiUndang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2020 tentang Perubahan Ketiga atas Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2003 tentang Mahkamah KonstitusiUndang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-UndanganUndang-Undang Nomor 15 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-UndanganUndang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2022 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undanganUndang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2023 tentang Pengembangan dan Penguatan Sektor KeuanganPeraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta KerjaPeraturan Pemerintah Nomor 16 Tahun 2018 tentang Satuan Polisi Pamong PrajaREFERENSILembaga, diakses pada 16 Maret 2023, pukul 08.22 WIB;Penegak hukum, diakses pada 16 Maret 2023, pukul 08.24 WIB;Pengadilan Agama Pulang Pisau, diakses pada 16 Maret 2023, pukul 08.30 WIB.[1] Penjelasan Pasal 5 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2003 tentang Advokat[2] Pasal 74 sampai 92 Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1995 tentang Kepabeanan dan perubahannya[3] Pasal 35 sampai 47 Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat Tagsacara peradilanhukumonlineklinik hukumonlinepidanatata negara
Saya ingin bertanya, apa definisi dari lembaga penegak hukum? Adakah teori atau peraturan perundang-undangan yang menyebutkan definisi tersebut? Sebutkan lembaga penegak hukum di Indonesia. Lantas, haruskah lembaga penegak hukum diatur melalui undang-undang? Terima kasih.  
Dalam penelusuran kami, definisi lembaga penegak hukum tidak dapat kami temui dalam peraturan perundang-undangan yang ada. Namun, lembaga penegak hukum di Indonesia dapat diartikan sebagai organisasi dari petugas-petugas yang berhubungan dengan masalah peradilan. Lantas, apa saja lembaga penegak hukum di Indonesia? Apakah pembentukannya harus melalui undang-undang? Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini.   Dasar Hukum Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam UUD 1945 dan UU MK10 Nov 2023Dapatkah Advokat Asing Mendirikan Kantor Hukum di Indonesia?30 Jan 2023Polisi Melakukan Tindak Pidana, Begini Proses Peradilannya24 Agt 2022Aturan Seputar Hukum Acara Mahkamah Konstitusi02 Apr 2019Dasar Hukum Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam UUD 1945 dan UU MK10 Nov 2023Dapatkah Advokat Asing Mendirikan Kantor Hukum di Indonesia?30 Jan 2023Polisi Melakukan Tindak Pidana, Begini Proses Peradilannya24 Agt 2022Aturan Seputar Hukum Acara Mahkamah Konstitusi02 Apr 2019Baca Tips Ini Sebelum Menggunakan Karya Cipta Milik Umum28 Feb 2023Cara Pindah Kewarganegaraan WNI Menjadi WNA25 Mar 2024Jika Polisi Menolak Laporan Masyarakat, Lakukan Ini15 Jan 2024Baca Tips Ini Sebelum Menggunakan Karya Cipta Milik Umum28 Feb 2023Cara Pindah Kewarganegaraan WNI Menjadi WNA25 Mar 2024Jika Polisi Menolak Laporan Masyarakat, Lakukan Ini15 Jan 2024
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/apa-saja-lembaga-penegak-hukum-di-indonesia-lt502201cc74649/
Apa Saja Lembaga Penegak Hukum di Indonesia?
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran kedua dari artikel dengan judul _Siapa Sajakah Penegak Hukum di Indonesia_ yang dibuat oleh [Ilman Hadi, S.H.](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/ilman-hadi--sh-lt4fbded50bf741)  dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada 13 Agustus 2012 kemudian dimutakhirkan pertama kali pada Jumat, 28 Januari 2022.** ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Dasar Hukum Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam UUD 1945 dan UU MK ](/klinik/a/dasar-hukum-mahkamah-konstitusi-lt628b76075befa/) ![Dasar Hukum Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam UUD 1945 dan UU MK](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt628b76075befa/thumbnail_lt628b782b360ea.jpg) 10 Nov 2023 [ #### Dapatkah Advokat Asing Mendirikan Kantor Hukum di Indonesia? ](/klinik/a/dapatkah-advokat-asing-mendirikan-kantor-hukum-di-indonesia-lt51baca174a03a/) ![Dapatkah Advokat Asing Mendirikan Kantor Hukum di Indonesia?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt51baca174a03a/thumbnail_lt63d79f6631506.jpg) 30 Jan 2023 [ #### Polisi Melakukan Tindak Pidana, Begini Proses Peradilannya ](/klinik/a/polisi-melakukan-tindak-pidana-begini-proses-peradilannya-cl4230/) ![Polisi Melakukan Tindak Pidana, Begini Proses Peradilannya](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/cl4230/thumbnail_lt6305c76ad4581.jpg) 24 Agt 2022 [ #### Aturan Seputar Hukum Acara Mahkamah Konstitusi ](/klinik/a/aturan-seputar-hukum-acara-mahkamah-konstitusi-lt5c99e6f4c009f/) ![Aturan Seputar Hukum Acara Mahkamah Konstitusi](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt5c99e6f4c009f/thumbnail_lt5ca332712b287.jpg) 02 Apr 2019 [](#!) Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Apa Itu Lembaga Penegak Hukum?** Sebelum membahas tentang peran lembaga penegak hukum, kami akan membahas terlebih dahulu definisi dari lembaga penegak hukum. Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Sepanjang penelusuran kami, definisi lembaga penegak hukum tidak dapat kami temui dalam peraturan perundang-undangan yang ada. Meski definisi lembaga penegak hukum tidak diatur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan, istilah penegak hukum dapat ditemukan dalam **[UU Advokat](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13147/undangundang-nomor-18-tahun-2003/)**. **Pasal 5 ayat (1) UU Advokat** menerangkan bahwa advokat berstatus sebagai penegak hukum, bebas dan mandiri yang dijamin oleh hukum dan peraturan perundang-undangan. Untuk memperjelas, yang dimaksud dengan “advokat berstatus sebagai penegak hukum” adalah advokat sebagai salah satu perangkat dalam proses peradilan yang mempunyai kedudukan setara dengan penegak hukum lainnya dalam menegakkan hukum dan keadilan.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Merujuk kepada **KBBI**, [lembaga](https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/lembaga) berarti badan (organisasi) yang tujuannya melakukan suatu penyelidikan keilmuan atau melakukan suatu usaha. Lembaga juga berarti pola perilaku manusia yang mapan, terdiri atas interaksi sosial berstruktur dalam suatu kerangka nilai yang relevan. Sedangkan [penegak hukum](https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/penegak%20hukum) diartikan sebagai petugas yang berhubungan dengan masalah peradilan. Berdasarkan arti tersebut, maka lembaga penegak hukum di Indonesia dapat didefinisikan sebagai organisasi dari petugas-petugas yang berhubungan dengan masalah peradilan. Lantas, apa itu peradilan? Pengertian peradilan yang dimuat di laman **[Pengadilan Agama Pulang Pisau](http://www.pa-pulangpisau.go.id/berita/arsip-artikel-pengadilan/1808-perbedaan-peradilan-dengan-pengadilan)** adalah segala sesuatu atau sebuah proses yang dijalankan di pengadilan yang berhubungan dengan tugas memeriksa, memutus dan mengadili perkara dengan menerapkan hukum dan/atau menemukan hukum “_in concreto_” (hakim menerapkan peraturan hukum kepada hal-hal yang nyata yang dihadapkan kepadanya untuk diadili dan diputus) untuk mempertahankan dan menjamin ditaatinya hukum materiil, dengan menggunakan cara prosedural yang ditetapkan oleh hukum formal. ### **Lembaga Penegak Hukum di Indonesia Menurut Undang-Undang** Selain frasa “penegak hukum” seperti dalam UU Advokat, terdapat pula istilah lain yang masih memiliki hubungan dengan istilah “penegak hukum”. Lembaga penegak hukum dan tugasnya dapat ditemui, antara lain dalam peraturan-peraturan berikut ini. 1. **Pasal 2 [UU 2/2002](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17437/undangundang-nomor-2-tahun-2002/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_2_2002)** menyatakan bahwa fungsi **kepolisian** adalah salah satu fungsi pemerintahan negara di bidang pemeliharaan keamanan dan ketertiban masyarakat, penegakan hukum, perlindungan, pengayoman, dan pelayanan kepada masyarakat. 2. **Pasal 22 angka 41** **[UU 4/2023](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63c23d76b51e4?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_4_2023)** **yang mengubah Pasal 101 ayat (1) dan ayat (6)** **[UU 8/1995](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/12421/undangundang-nomor-8-tahun-1995?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_8_1995)**, menyatakan bahwa penyidikan atas tindak pidana di bidang pasar modal hanya dapat dilakukan oleh penyidik **Otoritas Jasa Keuangan** (“OJK”). Namun dalam rangka pelaksanaan kewenangan penyidikan tersebut OJK dapat meminta bantuan aparat penegak hukum lain. 3. **Pasal 2** **[UU MK](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13664/undangundang-nomor-24-tahun-2003/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_24_2003)** menerangkan bahwa **Mahkamah Konstitusi** merupakan salah satu lembaga negara yang melakukan kekuasaan kehakiman yang merdeka untuk menyelenggarakan peradilan guna menegakkan hukum dan keadilan. 4. **Pasal 1 angka 2 [PP 16/2018](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13664/undangundang-nomor-24-tahun-2003/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_24_2003)** menerangkan bahwa **Polisi Pamong Praja (“Pol PP”)** adalah anggota Satpol PP sebagai aparat Pemerintah Daerah yang diduduki oleh pegawai negeri sipil dan diberi tugas, tanggung jawab, dan wewenang sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan dalam penegakan Peraturan Daerah dan Peraturan Kepala Daerah, penyelenggaraan ketertiban umum dan ketenteraman serta perlindungan masyarakat. Selain yang disebutkan di atas, contoh lembaga penegak hukum antara lain Kejaksaan, Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (KPK), Mahkamah Agung dan Komisi Yudisial. Lembaga-lembaga tersebut dapat dikatakan sebagai penegak hukum karena memiliki tugas dan wewenang lembaga penegak hukum yang berkaitan dengan proses peradilan, juga menangkap, memeriksa, mengawasi, atau menjalankan perintah undang-undang di bidangnya masing-masing. Dalam artian luas, masih ada beberapa lembaga lain yang memiliki peran sebagai lembaga hukum dan memiliki kewenangan untuk mengatur, mengawasi dan melaksanakan perintah peraturan, seperti Kementerian Keuangan melalui Pejabat Bea dan Cukai[\[2\]](#_ftn2) dan Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha (KPPU).[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa, meski dalam peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia tidak disebutkan definisi dari lembaga penegak hukum maupun penegak hukum, tetapi dalam peraturan perundang-undangan yang telah disebutkan sebelumnya, terdapat beberapa aparat dan lembaga yang dapat dikategorikan sebagai lembaga penegak hukum di Indonesia. ### **Pembentukan Lembaga Penegak Hukum** Mengenai apakah lembaga penegak hukum harus diatur melalui undang-undang, dalam **Pasal 10** **[UU 12/2011](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4e573e59d0487/undangundang-nomor-12-tahun-2011/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_12_2011)** diterangkan bahwa materi muatan yang harus diatur dengan undang-undang berisi: 1. pengaturan lebih lanjut mengenai ketentuan **[UUD 1945](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4ca2eb6dd2834/undang-undang-dasar-1945?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UUD_1945)**; 2. perintah suatu undang-undang untuk diatur dengan undang-undang; 3. pengesahan perjanjian internasional tertentu; 4. tindak lanjut atas putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi; dan/atau 5. pemenuhan kebutuhan hukum dalam masyarakat. Keharusan suatu lembaga penegak hukum untuk diatur dengan undang-undang memang tidak secara jelas disebutkan. Namun, dari alasan-alasan yang disebutkan, alasan “pemenuhan kebutuhan hukum dalam masyarakat” sangat relevan menjadi dasar dibentuknya suatu lembaga penegak hukum melalui undang-undang. Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4ca2eb6dd2834/undang-undang-dasar-1945?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UUD_1945) Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1995 tentang Kepabeanan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17227/undangundang-nomor-10-tahun-1995?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_10_1995) Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2006 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1995 tentang Kepabeanan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26069/undangundang-nomor-17-tahun-2006?r=0&p=1&q=uu%2017%202006&rs=1847&re=2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_17_2006) Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/104/undangundang-nomor-5-tahun-1999?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_5_1999) Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2003 tentang Advokat [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13147/node/303/uu-no-18-tahun-2003-advokat?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_18_2003) Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2002 tentang Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17437/undangundang-nomor-2-tahun-2002/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_2_2002) Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1995 tentang Pasar Modal [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/12421/undangundang-nomor-8-tahun-1995?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_8_1995) Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2011 tentang Otoritas Jasa Keuangan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4eddf04dc6fba/undangundang-nomor-21-tahun-2011?r=1&p=1&q=UU%20Otoritas%20jasa%20keuangan&rs=1847&re=2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_21_2011_ojk) Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2003 tentang Mahkamah Konstitusi  [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13664/undangundang-nomor-24-tahun-2003/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_24_2003) Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2011 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2003 tentang Mahkamah Konstitusi  [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4e3118f0c4f79/nprt/lt51ee17b11ad42/undangundang-nomor-8-tahun-2011?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_8_2011) Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2013 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2003 tentang Mahkamah Konstitusi [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5261084cb2a6e?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_1_2013) Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2020 tentang Perubahan Ketiga atas Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2003 tentang Mahkamah Konstitusi [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5f76abc40155f?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_7_2020) Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4e573e59d0487/undangundang-nomor-12-tahun-2011/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_12_2011) Undang-Undang Nomor 15 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5da039a94937f?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_15_2019) Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2022 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt62b01b9e7e96e/undang-undang-nomor-13-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_13_2022) Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2023 tentang Pengembangan dan Penguatan Sektor Keuangan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63c23d76b51e4?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_4_2023) Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022) Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 16 Tahun 2018 tentang Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5afe8603b3c60?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_16_2018) REFERENSI --------- 1. [Lembaga](https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/lembaga), diakses pada 16 Maret 2023, pukul 08.22 WIB; 2. [Penegak hukum](https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/penegak%20hukum), diakses pada 16 Maret 2023, pukul 08.24 WIB; 3. [Pengadilan Agama Pulang Pisau](http://www.pa-pulangpisau.go.id/berita/arsip-artikel-pengadilan/1808-perbedaan-peradilan-dengan-pengadilan), diakses pada 16 Maret 2023, pukul 08.30 WIB. * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Penjelasan Pasal 5 ayat (1) [Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2003 tentang Advokat](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13147/node/303/uu-no-18-tahun-2003-advokat?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_18_2003) [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal 74 sampai 92 [Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1995 tentang Kepabeanan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17227/undangundang-nomor-10-tahun-1995?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_10_1995) dan perubahannya [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 35 sampai 47 [Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/104/undangundang-nomor-5-tahun-1999?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_5_1999)  Tags ---- [acara peradilan](/tag/acara-peradilan) [hukumonline](/tag/hukumonline) [klinik hukumonline](/tag/klinik-hukumonline) [pidana](/tag/pidana) [tata negara](/tag/tata-negara)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.Artikel ini dibuat berdasarkan KUHP lama dan UU 1/2023 tentang KUHP yang diundangkan pada tanggal 2 Januari 2023.KLINIK TERKAITJerat Pidana Bagi Penjual Obat Aborsi27 Feb 2024Ketentuan Aborsi bagi Korban Pemerkosaan02 Okt 2023Aborsi dalam Perspektif Hukum Positif dan Hukum Islam13 Apr 2023Legalitas Aborsi dan Hak Korban Pemerkosaan13 Agt 2014Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.Hukum Aborsi di IndonesiaSebelum menjawab pertanyaan Anda, perlu kami sampaikan apa itu aborsi. Aborsi menurut KBBI adalah pengguguran kandungan. Di Indonesia, dasar hukum aborsi tertuang dalam Pasal 75 ayat (1) UU Kesehatan, yaitu setiap orang pada dasarnya dilarang melakukan aborsi.Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Namun demikian, terdapat pengecualian terhadap larangan melakukan aborsi yaitu pada dua kondisi berikut.[1]indikasi kedaruratan medis yang dideteksi sejak usia dini kehamilan, baik yang mengancam nyawa ibu dan/atau janin, yang menderita penyakit genetik berat dan/atau cacat bawaan, maupun yang tidak dapat diperbaiki sehingga menyulitkan bayi tersebut hidup di luar kandungan; ataukehamilan akibat perkosaan yang dapat menyebabkan trauma psikologis bagi korban perkosaan.Tindakan aborsi tersebut hanya dapat dilakukan setelah melalui konseling dan/atau penasehatan pra tindakan dan diakhiri dengan konseling pasca tindakan yang dilakukan oleh konselor yang kompeten dan berwenang.[2]Lebih lanjut, aborsi karena dua kondisi tersebut hanya dapat dilakukan dengan syarat-syarat sebagai berikut.[3]sebelum kehamilan berumur 6 minggu dihitung dari hari pertama haid terakhir, kecuali dalam hal kedaruratan medis;oleh tenaga kesehatan yang memiliki keterampilan dan kewenangan yang memiliki sertifikat yang ditetapkan oleh menteri;dengan persetujuan ibu hamil yang bersangkutan;dengan izin suami, kecuali korban perkosaan;penyedia layanan kesehatan yang memenuhi syarat yang ditetapkan oleh menteri.Lantas, apa risiko aborsi jika tetap dilakukan? Selain risiko kesehatan, terdapat risiko hukum jika melakukan aborsi tidak sesuai dengan hukum. Pasal 194 UU Kesehatan menentukan sanksi pidana aborsi yang tidak sesuai ketentuan yaitu:Setiap orang yang dengan sengaja melakukan aborsi tidak sesuai dengan ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 75 ayat (2) dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 10 (sepuluh) tahun dan denda paling banyak Rp1.000.000.000,00 (satu miliar rupiah).Selain dalam UU Kesehatan, aturan mengenai aborsi juga diatur di dalam KUHP yang saat artikel ini diterbitkan masih berlaku dan UU 1/2023 tentang KUHP baru yang berlaku 3 tahun sejak tanggal diundangkan.[4] Adapun ketentuannya adalah sebagai berikut.KUHPUU 1/2023Pasal 346 KUHPSeorang wanita yang sengaja menggugurkan atau mematikan kandungannya atau menyuruh orang lain untuk itu, diancam dengan pidana penjara paling lama empat tahun.Pasal 463 UU 1/2023Setiap perempuan yang melakukan aborsi, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 4 tahun.Ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) tidak berlaku dalam hal perempuan merupakan korban tindak pidana perkosaan atau tindak pidana kekerasan seksual lain yang menyebabkan kehamilan yang umur kehamilannya tidak melebihi 14 minggu atau memiliki indikasi kedaruratan medis.Pasal 347 KUHPBarang siapa dengan sengaja menyebabkan gugur atau mati kandungannya seorang perempuan tidak dengan izin perempuan itu, dihukum penjara selama-lamanya dua belas tahun.Jika karena perbuatan itu perempuan itu jadi mati, dia dihukum penjara selama- lamanya lima belas tahun.Pasal 348 KUHPBarang siapa dengan sengaja menyebabkan gugur atau mati kandungannya seorang perempuan dengan izin perempuan itu dihukum penjara selama-lamanya lima tahun enam bulan.Jika karena perbuatan itu perempuan itu jadi mati, dia dihukum penjara selama-lamanya tujuh tahun.Pasal 464 UU 1/2023Setiap orang yang melakukan aborsi terhadap seorang perempuan:dengan persetujuan perempuan tersebut, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 5 tahun; atautanpa persetujuan perempuan tersebut, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 12 tahun.Jika perbuatan sebagaimana dimaksud ayat (1) huruf a mengakibatkan matinya perempuan tersebut, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 8 tahun.Jika perbuatan sebagaimana dimaksud ayat (1) huruf b mengakibatkan matinya perempuan tersebut, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 15 tahun. Pasal 349 KUHPJika seorang dokter, bidan, atau juru obat membantu melakukan kejahatan tersebut pada Pasal 346, ataupun melakukan atau membantu melakukan salah satu kejahatan yang diterangkan dalam Pasal 347 dan 348, maka pidana yang ditentukan dalam pasal itu dapat ditambah dengan sepertiga dan dapat dicabut hak untuk menjalankan pencarian dalam mana kejahatan dilakukan. Pasal 465 UU 1/2023Dokter, bidan, paramedis, atau apoteker yang melakukan tindak pidana sebagaimana dimaksud Pasal 464, pidananya ditambah 1/3.Dokter, bidan, paramedis, atau apoteker sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dapat dijatuhi pidana tambahan berupa pencabutan hak sebagaimana dimaksud Pasal 86 huruf a dan huruf f.Dokter, bidan, paramedis, atau apoteker yang melakukan aborsi karena indikasi kedaruratan medis, atau terhadap korban tindak pidana perkosaan atau tindak pidana kekerasan seksual lain yang menyebabkan kehamilan sebagaimana dimaksud Pasal 463 ayat (2), tidak dipidana.Hukumnya Menyuruh Orang Lain AborsiLantas, bagaimana hukumnya calon mertua Anda yang menyuruh Anda melakukan aborsi? Pasal 55 ayat (1) KUHP, menegaskan bahwa dipidana sebagai pelaku tindak pidana (dader):mereka yang melakukan, yang menyuruh lakukan dan yang turut serta melakukan perbuatan;mereka yang dengan memberi atau menjanjikan sesuatu dengan menyalahgunakan kekuasaan atau martabat, dengan kekerasan, ancaman atau penyesatan, atau dengan memberi kesempatan, sarana atau keterangan, sengaja menganjurkan orang lain supaya melakukan perbuatan.Hal ini juga diatur di dalam Pasal 20 UU 1/2023 bahwa setiap orang dipidana sebagai pelaku tindak pidana jika:melakukan sendiri tindak pidana;melakukan tindak pidana dengan perantaraan alat atau menyuruh orang lain yang tidak dapat dipertanggungjawabkan;turut serta melakukan tindak pidana; ataumenggerakkan orang lain supaya melakukan tindak pidana dengan cara memberi atau menjanjikan sesuatu, menyalahgunakan kekuasaan atau martabat, melakukan kekerasan, menggunakan ancaman kekerasan, melakukan penyesatan, atau dengan memberi kesempatan, sarana, atau keterangan.Dalam hal menyuruh melakukan, orang yang disuruh untuk melakukan tindak pidana tidak dipidana karena tidak ada unsur kesalahan.[5]Kami tidak mendapatkan informasi apakah tindakan aborsi yang Anda ceritakan dilakukan atau tidak. Jika aborsi tersebut benar terjadi, calon ibu mertua Anda dapat dikenakan pidana penjara berdasarkan Pasal 194 UU Kesehatan jo Pasal 55 ayat (1) ke-1 KUHP. Hal tersebut karena calon ibu mertua Anda telah “menyuruh” Anda untuk melakukan aborsi secara melawan hukum.Kekerasan dalam Hubungan PacaranTerkait dengan pertanyaan Anda mengenai kekerasan yang dilakukan oleh pacar Anda, kami tidak mendapat informasi secara spesifik bentuk kekerasan yang dilakukan. Kami asumsikan bahwa kekerasan yang dilakukan oleh pacar Anda dapat disamakan dengan penganiayaan.Adapun hukumnya melakukan penganiayaan, dapat Anda baca secara lengkap dalam artikel Perbuatan-perbuatan yang Termasuk Penganiayaan. Selanjutnya, Anda dapat melaporkan perbuatan tersebut dengan membuat laporan Polisi atas dugaan penganiayaan yang dilakukan pacar Anda. Untuk melaporkan tindak pidana ke Polisi, Anda dapat membaca Mau Melaporkan Tindak Pidana ke Polisi? Begini Prosedurnya.Contoh KasusContoh kasus menyuruh aborsi dapat Anda lihat dalam Putusan PN Kupang Nomor 242/Pid.Sus/2015/PN.Kpg dimana hakim menggunakan Pasal 194 UU Kesehatan jo. Pasal 55 ayat (1) ke-1 KUHP dalam memutus terdakwa yang terbukti secara sah dan meyakinkan bersalah menyuruh melakukan tindak pidana aborsi. Atas perbuatannya, terdakwa dihukum pidana penjara selama 3 tahun dan denda sebesar Rp5 juta dengan ketentuan apabila denda tersebut tidak dibayar, maka akan diganti dengan pidana kurungan selama 3 bulan (hal. 42).Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat.DASAR HUKUMKitab Undang-Undang Hukum PidanaUndang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 tentang KesehatanUndang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum PidanaPUTUSANPutusan Pengadilan Negeri Kupang Nomor 242/Pid.Sus/2015/PN.Kpg.REFERENSIAborsi, yang diakses pada Senin, 20 Maret 2023, pukul 14.01 WIB.[1] Pasal 75 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan (“UU Kesehatan”)[2] Pasal 75 ayat (4) UU Kesehatan[3] Pasal 76 UU Kesehatan[4] Pasal 624 Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (“UU 1/2023”)[5] Penjelasan Pasal 20 huruf b UU 1/2023Tagsaborsikuhpkuhp baruuu kesehatan
Apa ada hukum untuk orang yang menyuruh orang untuk aborsi dan dikenakan pasal berapa? Sebelumnya mohon maaf jika saya menanyakan ini karena saya mengalaminya sendiri. Calon ibu mertua saya menyuruh saya aborsi. Padahal jelas-jelas anak yang saya kandung adalah anak dari anaknya. Ibunya terang-terangan meminta saya melakukan aborsi. Dan juga anaknya sempat memperlakukan kekerasan pada saya. Apa saya bisa melaporkan kasus ini?
Aborsi adalah perbuatan atau tindakan menggugurkan kandungan. Dalam hukum positif Indonesia, tindakan aborsi merupakan hal yang dilarang kecuali karena alasan yang dibenarkan sebagaimana diatur di dalam UU Kesehatan. Lantas, apa hukumnya bagi orang yang menyuruh melakukan tindakan aborsi? Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Jerat Pidana Bagi Penjual Obat Aborsi27 Feb 2024Ketentuan Aborsi bagi Korban Pemerkosaan02 Okt 2023Aborsi dalam Perspektif Hukum Positif dan Hukum Islam13 Apr 2023Legalitas Aborsi dan Hak Korban Pemerkosaan13 Agt 2014Jerat Pidana Bagi Penjual Obat Aborsi27 Feb 2024Ketentuan Aborsi bagi Korban Pemerkosaan02 Okt 2023Aborsi dalam Perspektif Hukum Positif dan Hukum Islam13 Apr 2023Legalitas Aborsi dan Hak Korban Pemerkosaan13 Agt 2014Simak! Ini 5 Langkah Merger PT 22 Mei 2023Cara Hitung Pesangon Berdasarkan UU Cipta Kerja18 Agu 2023Tips Cicil Rumah dengan KPR Agar Terhindar Risiko Hukum2 Apr 2024Simak! Ini 5 Langkah Merger PT 22 Mei 2023Cara Hitung Pesangon Berdasarkan UU Cipta Kerja18 Agu 2023Tips Cicil Rumah dengan KPR Agar Terhindar Risiko Hukum2 Apr 2024
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/disuruh-aborsi-oleh-calon-mertua-lt63ed3af8475c9/
Disuruh Aborsi oleh Calon Mertua, Ini Hukumnya
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. **Artikel ini dibuat berdasarkan KUHP lama dan UU 1/2023 tentang KUHP yang diundangkan pada tanggal 2 Januari 2023.** ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Jerat Pidana Bagi Penjual Obat Aborsi ](/klinik/a/jerat-pidana-bagi-penjual-obat-aborsi-lt588ab88330a47/) ![Jerat Pidana Bagi Penjual Obat Aborsi](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt588ab88330a47/thumbnail_lt5891b3731478b.jpg) 27 Feb 2024 [ #### Ketentuan Aborsi bagi Korban Pemerkosaan ](/klinik/a/ketentuan-aborsi-bagi-korban-pemerkosaan-lt5a152c3faed27/) ![Ketentuan Aborsi bagi Korban Pemerkosaan](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt5a152c3faed27/thumbnail_lt5a8d48a7e3466.jpg) 02 Okt 2023 [ #### Aborsi dalam Perspektif Hukum Positif dan Hukum Islam ](/klinik/a/aborsi-dalam-perspektif-hukum-positif-dan-hukum-islam-lt5f0839117647b/) ![Aborsi dalam Perspektif Hukum Positif dan Hukum Islam](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt5f0839117647b/thumbnail_lt5f083a46ca5cf.jpg) 13 Apr 2023 [ #### Legalitas Aborsi dan Hak Korban Pemerkosaan ](/klinik/a/legalitas-aborsi-dan-hak-korban-pemerkosaan-lt53e83426ce020/) ![Legalitas Aborsi dan Hak Korban Pemerkosaan](https://static.hukumonline.com/frontend/default/images/kaze/thumbnail_default.jpg) 13 Agt 2014 [](#!) Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat **[Pernyataan Penyangkalan](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer)** selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan **[Konsultan Mitra Justika](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika).** ### **Hukum Aborsi di Indonesia** Sebelum menjawab pertanyaan Anda, perlu kami sampaikan apa itu aborsi. [Aborsi](https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/aborsi) menurut **KBBI** adalah pengguguran kandungan. Di Indonesia, dasar hukum aborsi tertuang dalam **Pasal 75 ayat (1) [UU Kesehatan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4af3c27570c04/undangundang-nomor-36-tahun-2009?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_36_2009)**, yaitu setiap orang pada dasarnya dilarang melakukan aborsi. Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Namun demikian, terdapat pengecualian terhadap larangan melakukan aborsi yaitu pada dua kondisi berikut.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) 1. indikasi kedaruratan medis yang dideteksi sejak usia dini kehamilan, baik yang mengancam nyawa ibu dan/atau janin, yang menderita penyakit genetik berat dan/atau cacat bawaan, maupun yang tidak dapat diperbaiki sehingga menyulitkan bayi tersebut hidup di luar kandungan; atau 2. kehamilan akibat perkosaan yang dapat menyebabkan trauma psikologis bagi korban perkosaan. Tindakan aborsi tersebut hanya dapat dilakukan setelah melalui konseling dan/atau penasehatan pra tindakan dan diakhiri dengan konseling pasca tindakan yang dilakukan oleh konselor yang kompeten dan berwenang.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Lebih lanjut, aborsi karena dua kondisi tersebut hanya dapat dilakukan dengan syarat-syarat sebagai berikut.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) 1. sebelum kehamilan berumur 6 minggu dihitung dari hari pertama haid terakhir, kecuali dalam hal kedaruratan medis; 2. oleh tenaga kesehatan yang memiliki keterampilan dan kewenangan yang memiliki sertifikat yang ditetapkan oleh menteri; 3. dengan persetujuan ibu hamil yang bersangkutan; 4. dengan izin suami, kecuali korban perkosaan; 5. penyedia layanan kesehatan yang memenuhi syarat yang ditetapkan oleh menteri. Lantas, apa risiko aborsi jika tetap dilakukan? Selain risiko kesehatan, terdapat risiko hukum jika melakukan aborsi tidak sesuai dengan hukum. **Pasal 194 UU Kesehatan** menentukan sanksi pidana aborsi yang tidak sesuai ketentuan yaitu: _Setiap orang yang dengan sengaja melakukan aborsi tidak sesuai dengan ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 75 ayat (2) dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 10 (sepuluh) tahun dan denda paling banyak Rp1.000.000.000,00 (satu miliar rupiah)._ Selain dalam UU Kesehatan, aturan mengenai aborsi juga diatur di dalam **[KUHP](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4c7b7fd88a8c3/nprt/38/wetboek-van-strafrecht-\(wvs\)-kitab-undang-undang-hukum-pidana-\(kuhp\)?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHP)** yang saat artikel ini diterbitkan masih berlaku dan **[UU 1/2023](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b3943c53853/undang-undang-nomor-1-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_1_2023_KUHP_baru)** tentang KUHP baru yang berlaku 3 tahun sejak tanggal diundangkan.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) Adapun ketentuannya adalah sebagai berikut. **KUHP** **UU 1/2023** **Pasal 346 KUHP** Seorang wanita yang sengaja menggugurkan atau mematikan kandungannya atau menyuruh orang lain untuk itu, diancam dengan pidana penjara paling lama empat tahun. **Pasal 463 UU 1/2023** 1. Setiap perempuan yang melakukan aborsi, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 4 tahun. 2. Ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) tidak berlaku dalam hal perempuan merupakan korban tindak pidana perkosaan atau tindak pidana kekerasan seksual lain yang menyebabkan kehamilan yang umur kehamilannya tidak melebihi 14 minggu atau memiliki indikasi kedaruratan medis. **Pasal 347 KUHP** 1. Barang siapa dengan sengaja menyebabkan gugur atau mati kandungannya seorang perempuan tidak dengan izin perempuan itu, dihukum penjara selama-lamanya dua belas tahun. 2. Jika karena perbuatan itu perempuan itu jadi mati, dia dihukum penjara selama- lamanya lima belas tahun. **Pasal 348 KUHP** 1. Barang siapa dengan sengaja menyebabkan gugur atau mati kandungannya seorang perempuan dengan izin perempuan itu dihukum penjara selama-lamanya lima tahun enam bulan. 2. Jika karena perbuatan itu perempuan itu jadi mati, dia dihukum penjara selama-lamanya tujuh tahun. **Pasal 464 UU 1/2023** 1. Setiap orang yang melakukan aborsi terhadap seorang perempuan: 1. dengan persetujuan perempuan tersebut, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 5 tahun; atau 2. tanpa persetujuan perempuan tersebut, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 12 tahun. 2. Jika perbuatan sebagaimana dimaksud ayat (1) huruf a mengakibatkan matinya perempuan tersebut, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 8 tahun. 3. Jika perbuatan sebagaimana dimaksud ayat (1) huruf b mengakibatkan matinya perempuan tersebut, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 15 tahun. **Pasal 349 KUHP** Jika seorang dokter, bidan, atau juru obat membantu melakukan kejahatan tersebut pada Pasal 346, ataupun melakukan atau membantu melakukan salah satu kejahatan yang diterangkan dalam Pasal 347 dan 348, maka pidana yang ditentukan dalam pasal itu dapat ditambah dengan sepertiga dan dapat dicabut hak untuk menjalankan pencarian dalam mana kejahatan dilakukan. **Pasal 465 UU 1/2023** 1. Dokter, bidan, paramedis, atau apoteker yang melakukan tindak pidana sebagaimana dimaksud Pasal 464, pidananya ditambah 1/3. 2. Dokter, bidan, paramedis, atau apoteker sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dapat dijatuhi pidana tambahan berupa pencabutan hak sebagaimana dimaksud Pasal 86 huruf a dan huruf f. 3. Dokter, bidan, paramedis, atau apoteker yang melakukan aborsi karena indikasi kedaruratan medis, atau terhadap korban tindak pidana perkosaan atau tindak pidana kekerasan seksual lain yang menyebabkan kehamilan sebagaimana dimaksud Pasal 463 ayat (2), tidak dipidana. ### **Hukumnya Menyuruh Orang Lain Aborsi** Lantas, bagaimana hukumnya calon mertua Anda yang menyuruh Anda melakukan aborsi? **Pasal 55 ayat (1) KUHP**, menegaskan bahwa dipidana sebagai pelaku tindak pidana (_dader_): 1. mereka yang melakukan, **yang menyuruh lakukan** dan yang turut serta melakukan perbuatan; 2. mereka yang dengan memberi atau menjanjikan sesuatu dengan menyalahgunakan kekuasaan atau martabat, dengan kekerasan, ancaman atau penyesatan, atau dengan memberi kesempatan, sarana atau keterangan, sengaja menganjurkan orang lain supaya melakukan perbuatan. Hal ini juga diatur di dalam **Pasal 20 UU 1/2023** bahwa setiap orang dipidana sebagai pelaku tindak pidana jika: 1. melakukan sendiri tindak pidana; 2. melakukan tindak pidana dengan perantaraan alat atau **menyuruh orang lain yang tidak dapat dipertanggungjawabkan**; 3. turut serta melakukan tindak pidana; atau 4. menggerakkan orang lain supaya melakukan tindak pidana dengan cara memberi atau menjanjikan sesuatu, menyalahgunakan kekuasaan atau martabat, melakukan kekerasan, menggunakan ancaman kekerasan, melakukan penyesatan, atau dengan memberi kesempatan, sarana, atau keterangan. Dalam hal menyuruh melakukan, orang yang disuruh untuk melakukan tindak pidana tidak dipidana karena tidak ada unsur kesalahan.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) Kami tidak mendapatkan informasi apakah tindakan aborsi yang Anda ceritakan dilakukan atau tidak. Jika aborsi tersebut benar terjadi, calon ibu mertua Anda dapat dikenakan pidana penjara berdasarkan **Pasal 194 UU Kesehatan _jo_ Pasal 55 ayat (1) ke-1 KUHP**. Hal tersebut karena calon ibu mertua Anda telah “menyuruh” Anda untuk melakukan aborsi secara melawan hukum. ### **Kekerasan dalam Hubungan Pacaran** Terkait dengan pertanyaan Anda mengenai kekerasan yang dilakukan oleh pacar Anda, kami tidak mendapat informasi secara spesifik bentuk kekerasan yang dilakukan. Kami asumsikan bahwa kekerasan yang dilakukan oleh pacar Anda dapat disamakan dengan penganiayaan. Adapun hukumnya melakukan penganiayaan, dapat Anda baca secara lengkap dalam artikel **[Perbuatan-perbuatan yang Termasuk Penganiayaan](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/perbuatan-perbuatan-yang-termasuk-penganiayaan-lt515867216deba/#_ftnref2?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perbuatan_perbuatan_termasuk_penganiayaan)**. Selanjutnya, Anda dapat melaporkan perbuatan tersebut dengan membuat laporan Polisi atas dugaan penganiayaan yang dilakukan pacar Anda. Untuk melaporkan tindak pidana ke Polisi, Anda dapat membaca **[Mau Melaporkan Tindak Pidana ke Polisi? Begini Prosedurnya](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/mau-melaporkan-tindak-pidana-ke-polisi-begini-prosedurnya-lt504d52481c208/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=mau_lapor_tindak_pidana_ke_polisi)**. ### **Contoh Kasus** Contoh kasus menyuruh aborsi dapat Anda lihat dalam **[Putusan PN Kupang Nomor 242/Pid.Sus/2015/PN.Kpg](https://putusan3.mahkamahagung.go.id/direktori/putusan/e74f427f094f481ad41afbc9720510cc.html)** dimana hakim menggunakan Pasal 194 UU Kesehatan _jo_. Pasal 55 ayat (1) ke-1 KUHP dalam memutus terdakwa yang terbukti secara sah dan meyakinkan bersalah menyuruh melakukan tindak pidana aborsi. Atas perbuatannya, terdakwa dihukum pidana penjara selama 3 tahun dan denda sebesar Rp5 juta dengan ketentuan apabila denda tersebut tidak dibayar, maka akan diganti dengan pidana kurungan selama 3 bulan (hal. 42). Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4c7b7fd88a8c3/nprt/38/wetboek-van-strafrecht-\(wvs\)-kitab-undang-undang-hukum-pidana-\(kuhp\)?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHP) Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4af3c27570c04/undangundang-nomor-36-tahun-2009?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_36_2009) Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b3943c53853/undang-undang-nomor-1-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_1_2023_KUHP_baru) PUTUSAN ------- [Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Kupang Nomor 242/Pid.Sus/2015/PN.Kpg](https://putusan3.mahkamahagung.go.id/direktori/putusan/e74f427f094f481ad41afbc9720510cc.html). REFERENSI --------- [Aborsi](https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/aborsi), yang diakses pada Senin, 20 Maret 2023, pukul 14.01 WIB. * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Pasal 75 ayat (2) [Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4af3c27570c04/undangundang-nomor-36-tahun-2009?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_36_2009) (“UU Kesehatan”) [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal 75 ayat (4) UU Kesehatan [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 76 UU Kesehatan [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 624 [Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b3943c53853/undang-undang-nomor-1-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_1_2023_KUHP_baru) (“UU 1/2023”) [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Penjelasan Pasal 20 huruf b UU 1/2023 Tags ---- [aborsi](/tag/aborsi) [kuhp](/tag/kuhp) [kuhp baru](/tag/kuhp-baru) [uu kesehatan](/tag/uu-kesehatan)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. KLINIK TERKAITJual Gantungan Kunci Berbentuk Mi Instan, Masuk Pelanggaran Merek?14 Mar 2023Mendaftar Merek Pakai Nama Orang Tanpa Izin, Bisakah Digugat?02 Mar 2023Warkop Pakai Nama Merek Mi Instan Langgar Hak Merek?12 Sep 2022Jika Ada Sengketa, Ini Tanggung Jawab DJKI Atas Merek Terdaftar01 Sep 2022Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul Merek Dagang Aqua yang dibuat oleh Si Pokrol dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Kamis, 5 Januari 2006.Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas  Perlindungan Merek TerdaftarPasal 1 angka 1 UU Merek mendefinisikan merek adalah tanda yang dapat ditampilkan secara grafis berupa gambar logo, nama, kata, huruf, angka, susunan warna, dalam bentuk 2 dimensi dan/atau 3 dimensi, suara, hologram, atau kombinasi dari 2 atau lebih unsur tersebut untuk membedakan barang dan/atau jasa yang diproduksi oleh orang atau badan hukum dalam kegiatan perdagangan barang dan/atau jasa.Kemudian Pasal 1 angka 5 UU Merek menjelaskan hak atas merek adalah hak eksklusif yang diberikan oleh negara kepada pemilik merek yang terdaftar untuk jangka waktu tertentu dengan menggunakan sendiri merek tersebut atau memberikan izin kepada pihak lain untuk menggunakannya. Pelanggaran MerekSelama kata “AQUA” sudah terdaftar sebagai merek untuk melindungi jenis barang dan/jasa yang berkaitan dengan jasa penjualan air mineral, maka penggunaan merek “AQUA” pada depot air minum isi ulang atau setidaknya termasuk dalam kelas yang sama dengan merek terdaftar “AQUA” tanpa seizin dari pemilik merek terdaftar tersebut dapat dikategorikan sebagai pelanggaran merek.Pengertian mengenai pelanggaran merek sendiri, dapat mengacu pada Pasal 83 ayat (1) UU Merek yang berbunyi:Pemilik Merek terdaftar dan/atau penerima Lisensi Merek terdaftar dapat mengajukan gugatan terhadap pihak lain yang secara tanpa hak menggunakan Merek yang mempunyai persamaan pada pokoknya atau keseluruhannya untuk barang dan/atau jasa yang sejenis berupa:gugatan ganti dan/ataupenghentian semua perbuatan yang berkaitan dengan penggunaan Merek tersebut.Dalam hal terjadinya pelanggaran merek, pihak yang melanggar dapat dikenakan sanksi perdata dan pidana. Mengenai sanksi pidana diatur dalam Pasal 100 UU Merek yang berbunyi sebagai berikut.Setiap orang yang dengan tanpa hak menggunakan merek yang sama pada keseluruhannya dengan merek terdaftar milik pihak lain untuk barang dan/atau jasa sejenis yang diproduksi dan/atau diperdagangkan, dipidana penjara paling lama 5 tahun dan/atau pidana denda paling banyak Rp2 miliar.Setiap orang yang dengan tanpa hak menggunakan merek yang mempunyai persamaan pada pokoknya dengan merek terdaftar milik pihak lain untuk barang dan/atau jasa sejenis yang diproduksi dan/atau diperdagangkan, dipidana penjara paling lama 4 tahun dan/atau denda paling banyak Rp2 miliar.Setiap orang yang melanggar ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dan ayat (2), yang jenis barangnya mengakibatkan gangguan kesehatan, gangguan lingkungan hidup, dan/atau kematian manusia, dipidana penjara paling lama 10 tahun dan/atau denda paling banyak Rp5 miliar.Meskipun ada potensi argumen bahwa produk yang dijual tidak memakai merek AQUA, akan tetapi karena depot air minum isi ulang menggunakan merek AQUA tetap menimbulkan persaingan curang karena tindakan “free riding” atas keterkenalan merek AQUA tersebut, atau adanya upaya “misleading” dengan mendompleng keterkenalan merek AQUA untuk jenis jasa yang tidak sama tetapi masih relevan. Pelanggaran UU Perlindungan KonsumenSelain pelanggaran merek, penggunaan merek “AQUA” pada depot air minum isi ulang juga berpotensi melanggar Pasal 9 ayat (1) huruf c dan d UU Perlindungan Konsumen yang berbunyi sebagai berikut.Pelaku usaha dilarang menawarkan, mempromosikan, mengiklankan suatu barang dan/atau jasa secara tidak benar, dan/atau seolah-olah:……barang dan/atau jasa tersebut telah mendapatkan dan/atau memiliki sponsor, persetujuan, perlengkapan tertentu, keuntungan tertentu, ciri-ciri kerja atau aksesoris tertentu;barang dan/atau jasa tersebut dibuat oleh perusahaan yang mempunyai sponsor, persetujuan atau afiliasi;Sehingga, pelaku usaha yang menjalankan usaha depot air minum isi ulang dengan merek “AQUA” yang seolah-olah telah terafiliasi atau setidak-tidaknya mendapatkan persetujuan dari perusahaan pemilik merek AQUA telah melanggar ketentuan di atas. Sanksi yang dapat dikenakan adalah pidana penjara paling lama 5 tahun atau pidana denda paling banyak Rp2 miliar.[1] Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUMUndang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan KonsumenUndang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 tentang Merek dan Indikasi GeografisPeraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja[1] Pasal 62 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan KonsumenTagshak merekmerek terkenalsengketa merekuu merek
Depot air minum isi ulang menggunakan merek AQUA, padahal sebenarnya air minum yang diisi ulang tersebut bukan AQUA. Lantas, apakah ini termasuk pelanggaran merek? Mohon petunjuknya.
Merek merupakan hak eksklusif yang diberikan oleh negara kepada pemilik merek yang terdaftar untuk jangka waktu tertentu dengan menggunakan sendiri merek tersebut atau memberikan izin kepada pihak lain untuk menggunakannya. Sehingga setiap orang yang dengan tanpa hak menggunakan merek yang sama pada keseluruhannya dengan merek terdaftar milik pihak lain untuk barang dan/atau jasa sejenis yang diproduksi dan/atau diperdagangkan dapat dikategorikan sebagai pelanggaran merek. Lantas bagaimana dengan kasus yang Anda tanyakan?   Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Jual Gantungan Kunci Berbentuk Mi Instan, Masuk Pelanggaran Merek?14 Mar 2023Mendaftar Merek Pakai Nama Orang Tanpa Izin, Bisakah Digugat?02 Mar 2023Warkop Pakai Nama Merek Mi Instan Langgar Hak Merek?12 Sep 2022Jika Ada Sengketa, Ini Tanggung Jawab DJKI Atas Merek Terdaftar01 Sep 2022Jual Gantungan Kunci Berbentuk Mi Instan, Masuk Pelanggaran Merek?14 Mar 2023Mendaftar Merek Pakai Nama Orang Tanpa Izin, Bisakah Digugat?02 Mar 2023Warkop Pakai Nama Merek Mi Instan Langgar Hak Merek?12 Sep 2022Jika Ada Sengketa, Ini Tanggung Jawab DJKI Atas Merek Terdaftar01 Sep 2022Begini Cara Hitung Upah Lembur Pada Hari Raya Keagamaan12 Apr 2023Tips Agar Terhindar dari Jebakan Saham Gorengan15 Agu 2023Konversi Utang Jadi Setoran Saham, Ini Caranya14 Sep 2022Begini Cara Hitung Upah Lembur Pada Hari Raya Keagamaan12 Apr 2023Tips Agar Terhindar dari Jebakan Saham Gorengan15 Agu 2023Konversi Utang Jadi Setoran Saham, Ini Caranya14 Sep 2022
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/hukumnya-depot-air-minum-isi-ulang-pakai-nama-merek-tanpa-izin-cl4966/
Hukumnya Depot Air Minum Isi Ulang Pakai Nama Merek Tanpa Izin
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Jual Gantungan Kunci Berbentuk Mi Instan, Masuk Pelanggaran Merek? ](/klinik/a/jual-gantungan-kunci-berbentuk-mi-instan-masuk-pelanggaran-merek-lt62f480831966b/) ![Jual Gantungan Kunci Berbentuk Mi Instan, Masuk Pelanggaran Merek?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt62f480831966b/thumbnail_lt641051f8b8e31.jpg) 14 Mar 2023 [ #### Mendaftar Merek Pakai Nama Orang Tanpa Izin, Bisakah Digugat? ](/klinik/a/mendaftar-merek-pakai-nama-orang-tanpa-izin-bisakah-digugat-lt64005cc67b000/) ![Mendaftar Merek Pakai Nama Orang Tanpa Izin, Bisakah Digugat?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt64005cc67b000/thumbnail_lt64005e123745f.jpg) 02 Mar 2023 [ #### Warkop Pakai Nama Merek Mi Instan Langgar Hak Merek? ](/klinik/a/warkop-pakai-nama-merek-mi-instan-langgar-hak-merek-lt631f0d7cc39d0/) ![Warkop Pakai Nama Merek Mi Instan Langgar Hak Merek?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt631f0d7cc39d0/thumbnail_lt631f0ecba5c5f.jpg) 12 Sep 2022 [ #### Jika Ada Sengketa, Ini Tanggung Jawab DJKI Atas Merek Terdaftar ](/klinik/a/jika-ada-sengketa-ini-tanggung-jawab-djki-atas-merek-terdaftar-lt6310586d8c439/) ![Jika Ada Sengketa, Ini Tanggung Jawab DJKI Atas Merek Terdaftar](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt6310586d8c439/thumbnail_lt63105983b7597.jpg) 01 Sep 2022 [](#!) **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul _Merek Dagang Aqua_ yang dibuat oleh [Si Pokrol](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/si-pokrol-lt4a0aae6c03cb7) dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Kamis, 5 Januari 2006.** Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika)**.** Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) ### **Perlindungan Merek Terdaftar** **Pasal** **1 angka 1** [**UU Merek**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5850fd588be8e/undang-undang-nomor-20-tahun-2016?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_20_2016) mendefinisikan merek adalah tanda yang dapat ditampilkan secara grafis berupa gambar logo, nama, kata, huruf, angka, susunan warna, dalam bentuk 2 dimensi dan/atau 3 dimensi, suara, hologram, atau kombinasi dari 2 atau lebih unsur tersebut untuk membedakan barang dan/atau jasa yang diproduksi oleh orang atau badan hukum dalam kegiatan perdagangan barang dan/atau jasa. Kemudian **Pasal 1 angka 5 UU Merek** menjelaskan hak atas merek adalah hak eksklusif yang diberikan oleh negara kepada pemilik merek yang terdaftar untuk jangka waktu tertentu dengan menggunakan sendiri merek tersebut atau **memberikan izin kepada pihak lain untuk menggunakannya**. ### **Pelanggaran Merek** Selama kata “AQUA” sudah terdaftar sebagai merek untuk melindungi jenis barang dan/jasa yang berkaitan dengan jasa penjualan air mineral, maka penggunaan merek “AQUA” pada depot air minum isi ulang atau setidaknya termasuk dalam kelas yang sama dengan merek terdaftar “AQUA” tanpa seizin dari pemilik merek terdaftar tersebut dapat dikategorikan sebagai pelanggaran merek. Pengertian mengenai pelanggaran merek sendiri, dapat mengacu pada **Pasal 83 ayat (1)** **UU Merek** yang berbunyi: _Pemilik Merek terdaftar dan/atau penerima Lisensi Merek terdaftar dapat mengajukan gugatan terhadap pihak lain yang **secara tanpa hak menggunakan Merek yang mempunyai** **persamaan pada pokoknya atau keseluruhannya untuk barang dan/atau jasa yang sejenis** berupa:_ 1. _gugatan ganti dan/atau_ 2. _penghentian semua perbuatan yang berkaitan dengan penggunaan Merek tersebut._ Dalam hal terjadinya pelanggaran merek, pihak yang melanggar dapat dikenakan sanksi perdata dan pidana. Mengenai sanksi pidana diatur dalam **Pasal 100 UU Merek** yang berbunyi sebagai berikut. 1. Setiap orang yang dengan tanpa hak menggunakan merek yang sama pada keseluruhannya dengan merek terdaftar milik pihak lain untuk barang dan/atau jasa sejenis yang diproduksi dan/atau diperdagangkan, dipidana penjara paling lama 5 tahun dan/atau pidana denda paling banyak Rp2 miliar. 2. Setiap orang yang dengan tanpa hak menggunakan merek yang mempunyai persamaan pada pokoknya dengan merek terdaftar milik pihak lain untuk barang dan/atau jasa sejenis yang diproduksi dan/atau diperdagangkan, dipidana penjara paling lama 4 tahun dan/atau denda paling banyak Rp2 miliar. 3. Setiap orang yang melanggar ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dan ayat (2), yang jenis barangnya mengakibatkan gangguan kesehatan, gangguan lingkungan hidup, dan/atau kematian manusia, dipidana penjara paling lama 10 tahun dan/atau denda paling banyak Rp5 miliar. Meskipun ada potensi argumen bahwa produk yang dijual tidak memakai merek AQUA, akan tetapi karena depot air minum isi ulang menggunakan merek AQUA tetap menimbulkan persaingan curang karena tindakan “_free riding_” atas keterkenalan merek AQUA tersebut, atau adanya upaya “_misleading_” dengan mendompleng keterkenalan merek AQUA untuk jenis jasa yang tidak sama tetapi masih relevan. ### **Pelanggaran UU Perlindungan Konsumen** Selain pelanggaran merek, penggunaan merek “AQUA” pada depot air minum isi ulang juga berpotensi melanggar **Pasal 9 ayat (1) huruf c dan d [UU Perlindungan Konsumen](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/447/undangundang-nomor-8-tahun-1999/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_Perlindungan_Konsumen)** yang berbunyi sebagai berikut. 1. _Pelaku usaha dilarang menawarkan, mempromosikan, mengiklankan suatu barang dan/atau jasa secara tidak benar, dan/atau seolah-olah:_ 1. _…_ 2. _…_ 3. **_barang dan/atau jasa tersebut telah mendapatkan dan/atau memiliki sponsor, persetujuan_**_, perlengkapan tertentu, keuntungan tertentu, ciri-ciri kerja atau aksesoris tertentu;_ 4. **_barang dan/atau jasa tersebut dibuat oleh perusahaan yang mempunyai sponsor, persetujuan atau afiliasi_**_;_ Sehingga, pelaku usaha yang menjalankan usaha depot air minum isi ulang dengan merek “AQUA” yang seolah-olah telah terafiliasi atau setidak-tidaknya mendapatkan persetujuan dari perusahaan pemilik merek AQUA telah melanggar ketentuan di atas. Sanksi yang dapat dikenakan adalah pidana penjara paling lama 5 tahun atau pidana denda paling banyak Rp2 miliar.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/447/undangundang-nomor-8-tahun-1999/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_Perlindungan_Konsumen) Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5850fd588be8e/undang-undang-nomor-20-tahun-2016?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_20_2016) Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022) * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Pasal 62 ayat (1) [Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/447/undangundang-nomor-8-tahun-1999/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_Perlindungan_Konsumen) Tags ---- [hak merek](/tag/hak-merek) [merek terkenal](/tag/merek-terkenal) [sengketa merek](/tag/sengketa-merek) [uu merek](/tag/uu-merek)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. KLINIK TERKAITPenipu Menyalahgunakan Data Pribadi untuk Pinjol? Lakukan Ini14 Des 2023Pinjol Ilegal Tak Usah Dibayar, Benarkah?28 Feb 2023Jerat Hukum Pinjol Ilegal yang Sebar Data Pribadi08 Des 2022Pinjol Hanya Boleh Menagih Utang Maksimal 90 Hari, Benarkah?17 Okt 2022Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika. Ciri-Ciri Pinjol LegalBelajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Menjamurnya pinjaman online atau pinjol merupakan fenomena yang tidak dapat dipungkiri, mengingat layanan pinjol dapat memberikan dana segar yang dibutuhkan masyarakat dengan cepat dan syarat yang lebih sederhana. Namun demikian, agar tidak terjebak dengan pinjol ilegal yang tidak diawasi Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (“OJK”) dan tidak sesuai dengan standar pinjol dalam ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan, Anda perlu memahami ciri-ciri pinjol legal yang aman.Ketentuan mengenai pinjol diatur di dalam POJK 10/2022 yang dikenal dengan istilah layanan pendanaan berbasis teknologi informasi (“LPBBTI”) yaitu layanan jasa keuangan untuk mempertemukan pemberi dana dengan penerima dana dalam melakukan pendanaan konvensional atau berdasarkan prinsip syariah secara langsung melalui sistem elektronik dengan menggunakan internet.[1] LPBBTI ini juga disebut dengan peer to peer lending atau fintech lending atau pinjaman online. Adapun, ciri-ciri pinjol legal adalah sebagai berikut.Mempunyai Izin dari OJKPasal 8 ayat (1) POJK 10/2022 yang menegaskan bahwa penyelenggara yang melaksanakan kegiatan usaha LPBBTI/pinjol harus terlebih dahulu memperoleh izin usaha dari OJK. Artinya, pinjol legal adalah LPBBTI yang telah memperoleh izin usaha dari OJK.Selanjutnya, penyelenggara pinjol yang telah memperoleh izin usaha dari OJK wajib mengajukan pendaftaran sebagai penyelenggara sistem elektronik kepada instansi yang berwenang maksimal 30 hari kalender sejak diterbitkannya izin usaha dari OJK.[2]Lantas, pinjol legal apa saja? Untuk mengetahui daftar pinjol legal atau yang berizin dari OJK, Anda dapat mengakses tautan Daftar Penyelenggara Fintech Berizin OJK. Dari laman tersebut Anda dapat mengetahui daftar pinjol ilegal dengan melihat mana saja penyelenggara pinjol yang berizin. Apabila terdapat aplikasi/website pinjol yang tidak terdaftar, maka otomatis pinjol tersebut ilegal. Berbentuk Perseroan TerbatasPinjol legal atau yang berizin, harus berbentuk badan hukum berupa perseroan terbatas dengan modal disetor minimal Rp25 miliar pada saat pendirian.[3] Selain itu, sumber dana penyertaan modal pinjol dilarang berasal dari kegiatan pencucian uang, pendanaan terorisme, pendanaan proliferasi senjata pemusnah massal, dan kejahatan keuangan lain serta dilarang berasal dari pinjaman.[4]Ketentuan mengenai bentuk badan hukum, kepemilikan, dan permodalan pinjol secara tegas diatur di dalam Pasal 2 s.d. Pasal 4 POJK 10/2022. Ketentuan PenagihanBerbeda dengan penagihan pinjol ilegal yang cenderung bertentangan dengan hukum, penagihan yang dilakukan oleh pinjol legal harus sesuai dengan POJK 10/2022.Memberikan surat peringatan yang memuat informasi yaitu jumlah hari keterlambatan pembayaran, posisi akhir total pendanaan yang belum dilunasi atau pokok terutang, manfaat ekonomi, dan denda yang terutang.[5]Penyelenggara pinjol bisa kerja sama dengan pihak lain untuk menagih utang dengan syarat pihak lain tersebut berbadan hukum, punya izin dari instansi yang berwenang, penagih utang tersertifikasi dari lembaga sertifikasi profesi yang terdaftar di OJK, dan bukan afiliasi penyelenggara pinjol atau pemberi dana.[6]Penagihan harus dilaksanakan sesuai dengan norma yang berlaku di masyarakat dan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan.[7] Batas Maksimum BungaBiasanya, pada penyelenggara pinjol ilegal, bunga dan denda yang dikenakan cenderung sangat tinggi dan tidak transparan. Sementara, pada pinjol legal, bunga dan denda harus sesuai dengan aturan.Melalui Lampiran III SK AFPI 002/2020 diterangkan bahwa pinjol dilarang menerapkan predatory lending atau praktik pemberian pinjaman yang mengenakan syarat, ketentuan, bungan, dan/atau biaya-biaya yang tidak wajar bagi penerima pinjaman, atau yang tidak memperhatikan kemampuan membayar kembali penerima pinjaman.Lantas, berapa bunga maksimal pinjaman online? Dalam SK tersebut, Asosiasi Fintech Pendanaan Bersama Indonesia (“AFPI”) menetapkan total tingkat biaya keterlambatan baik dalam bentuk denda atau biaya lainnya tidak melebihi 0.8% per hari yang dihidtung dari jumlah aktual pinjaman yang diterima.Kemudian, pada tahun 2022, sebagaimana dikutip dari artikel Ini Batasan Maksimum per Hari Bunga Jangka Pendek Pinjaman Fintech menyebutkan OJK menetapkan bunga maksimum pinjol legal adalah 0.4% per hari untuk pinjaman jangka pendek.Artinya, pinjol legal bunga rendah dibanding dengan pinjol ilegal yang tidak mengikuti ketentuan bunga yang ditetapkan oleh AFPI/OJK. AsosiasiPenyelenggara pinjol ilegal tidak memiliki asosiasi dan tidak dapat menjadi anggota AFPI. Sementara, pinjol legal atau yang berizin di OJK wajin menjadi anggota AFPI. AFPI merupakan asosiasi resmi yang penyelenggara layanan pinjam meminjam uang berbasis teknologi informasi yang ditunjuk oleh OJK. Hal ini ditegaskan oleh AFPI dalam tautan Tentang AFPI.Untuk mengetahui penyelenggara pinjol yang menjadi anggota AFPI, Anda dapat klik Anggota AFPI kemudian menuliskan nama penyelenggara pinjol di bagian pencarian. Selanjutnya, Anda akan mengetahui apakah penyelenggara pinjol tersebut terdaftar di AFPI atau tidak. Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwibahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut di sini.Demikian jawaban dari kami mengenai ciri-ciri pinjol legal, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUMPeraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 10/POJK.05/2022 Tahun 2022 tentang Layanan Pendanaan Bersama Berbasis Teknologi Informasi. REFERENSISurat Keputusan Pengurus Perkumpulan Fintech Pendanaan Bersama (“AFPI”) Nomor 002/SK/COC/INT/IV/2020 perihal Penetapan Peraturan Khusus Pedoman Perilaku AFPI Tahun 2020;Anggota AFPI, yang diakses pada Senin, 20 Maret 2023 pukul 08.46 WIB;Daftar Penyelenggara Fintech Berizin OJK, yang diakses pada Jumat, 17 Maret 2023 pukul 19.03 WIB;Tentang AFPI, yang diakses pada Senin, 20 Maret 2023 pukul 08.13 WIB.[1] Pasal 1 angka 1 Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 10/POJK.05/2022 Tahun 2022 tentang Layanan Pendanaan Bersama Berbasis Teknologi Informasi (“POJK 10/2022”)[2] Pasal 8 ayat (2) POJK 10/2022[3] Pasal 2 ayat (2) dan Pasal 4 ayat (1) POJK 10/2022[4] Pasal 4 ayat (3) POJK 10/2022[5] Pasal 102 ayat (1) dan (2) POJK 10/2022[6] Pasal 103 ayat (1) dan (3) POJK 10/2022[7] Pasal 104 ayat (1) POJK 10/202Tagsojkotoritas jasa keuanganpinjolpinjol ilegal
Saya mau pinjam di pinjaman online yang lebih gampang cairnya. Tapi takut kena pinjol ilegal. Pertanyaan saya, apa saja ciri-ciri pinjol legal yang aman? Mohon pencerahannya.
Pinjaman online (“pinjol”) saat ini telah menjadi salah satu alternatif layanan pinjaman bagi masyarakat yang memerlukan dana cepat cair. Agar tidak terjebak pinjol ilegal yang tidak diawasi oleh Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (“OJK”) terdapat setidaknya 5 ciri pinjol legal yang perlu diperhatikan. Apa saja?   Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Penipu Menyalahgunakan Data Pribadi untuk Pinjol? Lakukan Ini14 Des 2023Pinjol Ilegal Tak Usah Dibayar, Benarkah?28 Feb 2023Jerat Hukum Pinjol Ilegal yang Sebar Data Pribadi08 Des 2022Pinjol Hanya Boleh Menagih Utang Maksimal 90 Hari, Benarkah?17 Okt 2022Penipu Menyalahgunakan Data Pribadi untuk Pinjol? Lakukan Ini14 Des 2023Pinjol Ilegal Tak Usah Dibayar, Benarkah?28 Feb 2023Jerat Hukum Pinjol Ilegal yang Sebar Data Pribadi08 Des 2022Pinjol Hanya Boleh Menagih Utang Maksimal 90 Hari, Benarkah?17 Okt 20224 Cara Mencairkan BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Online 15 Mei 2024Konversi Utang Jadi Setoran Saham, Ini Caranya14 Sep 2022Persyaratan Pemberhentian Direksi dan Komisaris PT PMA17 Mei 20234 Cara Mencairkan BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Online 15 Mei 2024Konversi Utang Jadi Setoran Saham, Ini Caranya14 Sep 2022Persyaratan Pemberhentian Direksi dan Komisaris PT PMA17 Mei 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/5-ciri-pinjol-legal-yang-harus-kamu-tahu-lt64182c962f2c8/
5 Ciri Pinjol Legal yang Harus Kamu Tahu
pages/154/page-6.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Penipu Menyalahgunakan Data Pribadi untuk Pinjol? Lakukan Ini ](/klinik/a/penipu-menyalahgunakan-data-pribadi-untuk-pinjol-lakukan-ini-lt634ecf40680b7/) ![Penipu Menyalahgunakan Data Pribadi untuk Pinjol? Lakukan Ini](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt634ecf40680b7/thumbnail_lt657c2585a3204.jpg) 14 Des 2023 [ #### Pinjol Ilegal Tak Usah Dibayar, Benarkah? ](/klinik/a/pinjol-ilegal-tak-usah-dibayar--benarkah-lt61b092a637d7f/) ![Pinjol Ilegal Tak Usah Dibayar, Benarkah?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt61b092a637d7f/thumbnail_lt61b0943927b3b.jpg) 28 Feb 2023 [ #### Jerat Hukum Pinjol Ilegal yang Sebar Data Pribadi ](/klinik/a/jerat-hukum-pinjol-ilegal-yang-sebar-data-pribadi-lt628fac477af9c/) ![Jerat Hukum Pinjol Ilegal yang Sebar Data Pribadi](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt628fac477af9c/thumbnail_lt6391d1b07cb85.jpg) 08 Des 2022 [ #### Pinjol Hanya Boleh Menagih Utang Maksimal 90 Hari, Benarkah? ](/klinik/a/benarkah-pinjol-hanya-boleh-menagih-utang-maksimal-90-hari-lt62885c8debfde/) ![Pinjol Hanya Boleh Menagih Utang Maksimal 90 Hari, Benarkah?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt62885c8debfde/thumbnail_lt634d302b459cb.jpg) 17 Okt 2022 [](#!) Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika)**.** ### **Ciri-Ciri Pinjol Legal** Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Menjamurnya pinjaman _online_ atau pinjol merupakan fenomena yang tidak dapat dipungkiri, mengingat layanan pinjol dapat memberikan dana segar yang dibutuhkan masyarakat dengan cepat dan syarat yang lebih sederhana. Namun demikian, agar tidak terjebak dengan pinjol ilegal yang tidak diawasi Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (“OJK”) dan tidak sesuai dengan standar pinjol dalam ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan, Anda perlu memahami ciri-ciri pinjol legal yang aman. Ketentuan mengenai pinjol diatur di dalam **[POJK 10/2022](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt62ce684f3bf66/peraturan-otoritas-jasa-keuangan-nomor-10-pojk05-2022-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=POJK_10_2022)** yang dikenal dengan istilah layanan pendanaan berbasis teknologi informasi (“LPBBTI”) yaitu layanan jasa keuangan untuk mempertemukan pemberi dana dengan penerima dana dalam melakukan pendanaan konvensional atau berdasarkan prinsip syariah secara langsung melalui sistem elektronik dengan menggunakan internet.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) LPBBTI ini juga disebut dengan _peer to peer lending_ atau _fintech lending_ atau pinjaman _online._ Adapun, ciri-ciri pinjol legal adalah sebagai berikut. 1. #### **Mempunyai Izin dari OJK** **Pasal 8 ayat (1) POJK 10/2022** yang menegaskan bahwa penyelenggara yang melaksanakan kegiatan usaha LPBBTI/pinjol **harus terlebih dahulu memperoleh izin usaha dari OJK**. Artinya, pinjol legal adalah LPBBTI yang telah memperoleh izin usaha dari OJK. Selanjutnya, penyelenggara pinjol yang telah memperoleh izin usaha dari OJK wajib mengajukan pendaftaran sebagai [penyelenggara sistem elektronik](https://www.hukumonline.com/kamus/p/penyelenggara-sistem-elektronik) kepada instansi yang berwenang maksimal 30 hari kalender sejak diterbitkannya izin usaha dari OJK.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Lantas, pinjol legal apa saja? Untuk mengetahui daftar pinjol legal atau yang berizin dari OJK, Anda dapat mengakses tautan [**Daftar Penyelenggara _Fintech_ Berizin OJK**.](https://www.ojk.go.id/id/kanal/iknb/financial-technology/Default.aspx) Dari laman tersebut Anda dapat mengetahui daftar pinjol ilegal dengan melihat mana saja penyelenggara pinjol yang berizin. Apabila terdapat aplikasi/_website_ pinjol yang tidak terdaftar, maka otomatis pinjol tersebut ilegal. 2. #### **Berbentuk Perseroan Terbatas** Pinjol legal atau yang berizin, harus **berbentuk badan hukum berupa perseroan terbatas** dengan modal disetor minimal Rp25 miliar pada saat pendirian.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Selain itu, sumber dana penyertaan modal pinjol dilarang berasal dari kegiatan pencucian uang, pendanaan terorisme, pendanaan proliferasi senjata pemusnah massal, dan kejahatan keuangan lain serta dilarang berasal dari pinjaman.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) Ketentuan mengenai bentuk badan hukum, kepemilikan, dan permodalan pinjol secara tegas diatur di **dalam Pasal 2 s.d. Pasal 4 POJK 10/2022**. 3. #### **Ketentuan Penagihan** Berbeda dengan penagihan pinjol ilegal yang cenderung bertentangan dengan hukum, penagihan yang dilakukan oleh pinjol legal harus sesuai dengan POJK 10/2022. 1. Memberikan surat peringatan yang memuat informasi yaitu jumlah hari keterlambatan pembayaran, posisi akhir total pendanaan yang belum dilunasi atau pokok terutang, manfaat ekonomi, dan denda yang terutang.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) 2. Penyelenggara pinjol bisa kerja sama dengan pihak lain untuk menagih utang dengan syarat pihak lain tersebut berbadan hukum, punya izin dari instansi yang berwenang, penagih utang tersertifikasi dari lembaga sertifikasi profesi yang terdaftar di OJK, dan bukan afiliasi penyelenggara pinjol atau pemberi dana.[\[6\]](#_ftn6) 3. Penagihan harus dilaksanakan sesuai dengan norma yang berlaku di masyarakat dan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan.[\[7\]](#_ftn7) 4. #### **Batas Maksimum Bunga** Biasanya, pada penyelenggara pinjol ilegal, bunga dan denda yang dikenakan cenderung sangat tinggi dan tidak transparan. Sementara, pada pinjol legal, bunga dan denda harus sesuai dengan aturan. Melalui **Lampiran III** [**SK AFPI 002/2020**](https://afpi.or.id/articles/detail/pedoman-perilaku-afpi) diterangkan bahwa pinjol dilarang menerapkan _predatory lending_ atau praktik pemberian pinjaman yang mengenakan syarat, ketentuan, bungan, dan/atau biaya-biaya yang tidak wajar bagi penerima pinjaman, atau yang tidak memperhatikan kemampuan membayar kembali penerima pinjaman. Lantas, berapa bunga maksimal pinjaman online? Dalam SK tersebut, Asosiasi Fintech Pendanaan Bersama Indonesia (“AFPI”) menetapkan total tingkat biaya keterlambatan baik dalam bentuk denda atau biaya lainnya tidak melebihi 0.8% per hari yang dihidtung dari jumlah aktual pinjaman yang diterima. Kemudian, pada tahun 2022, sebagaimana dikutip dari artikel [**Ini Batasan Maksimum per Hari Bunga Jangka Pendek Pinjaman Fintech**](https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/ini-batasan-maksimum-per-hari-bunga-jangka-pendek-pinjaman-fintech-lt63329c5f90a75/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=bunga_pinjol) menyebutkan OJK menetapkan bunga maksimum pinjol legal adalah 0.4% per hari untuk pinjaman jangka pendek. Artinya, pinjol legal bunga rendah dibanding dengan pinjol ilegal yang tidak mengikuti ketentuan bunga yang ditetapkan oleh AFPI/OJK. 5. #### **Asosiasi** Penyelenggara pinjol ilegal tidak memiliki asosiasi dan tidak dapat menjadi anggota AFPI. Sementara, pinjol legal atau yang berizin di OJK wajin menjadi anggota AFPI. AFPI merupakan asosiasi resmi yang penyelenggara layanan pinjam meminjam uang berbasis teknologi informasi yang ditunjuk oleh OJK. Hal ini ditegaskan oleh AFPI dalam tautan [**Tentang AFPI**](https://afpi.or.id/about). Untuk mengetahui penyelenggara pinjol yang menjadi anggota AFPI, Anda dapat klik [**Anggota AFPI**](https://afpi.or.id/members) kemudian menuliskan nama penyelenggara pinjol di bagian pencarian. Selanjutnya, Anda akan mengetahui apakah penyelenggara pinjol tersebut terdaftar di AFPI atau tidak. Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwibahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut **[di sini](https://pro.hukumonline.com/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=cta&utm_campaign=artikel_klinik)**. Demikian jawaban dari kami mengenai ciri-ciri pinjol legal, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- [Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 10/POJK.05/2022 Tahun 2022 tentang Layanan Pendanaan Bersama Berbasis Teknologi Informasi](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt62ce684f3bf66/peraturan-otoritas-jasa-keuangan-nomor-10-pojk05-2022-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=POJK_10_2022). REFERENSI --------- 1. [Surat Keputusan Pengurus Perkumpulan Fintech Pendanaan Bersama (“AFPI”) Nomor 002/SK/COC/INT/IV/2020 perihal Penetapan Peraturan Khusus Pedoman Perilaku AFPI Tahun 2020](https://afpi.or.id/articles/detail/pedoman-perilaku-afpi); 2. [Anggota AFPI](https://afpi.or.id/members), yang diakses pada Senin, 20 Maret 2023 pukul 08.46 WIB; 3. [Daftar Penyelenggara _Fintech_ Berizin OJK](https://www.ojk.go.id/id/kanal/iknb/financial-technology/Default.aspx), yang diakses pada Jumat, 17 Maret 2023 pukul 19.03 WIB; 4. [Tentang AFPI](https://afpi.or.id/about), yang diakses pada Senin, 20 Maret 2023 pukul 08.13 WIB. * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Pasal 1 angka 1 [Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 10/POJK.05/2022 Tahun 2022 tentang Layanan Pendanaan Bersama Berbasis Teknologi Informasi](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt62ce684f3bf66/peraturan-otoritas-jasa-keuangan-nomor-10-pojk05-2022-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=POJK_10_2022) (“POJK 10/2022”) [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal 8 ayat (2) POJK 10/2022 [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 2 ayat (2) dan Pasal 4 ayat (1) POJK 10/2022 [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 4 ayat (3) POJK 10/2022 [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Pasal 102 ayat (1) dan (2) POJK 10/2022 [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Pasal 103 ayat (1) dan (3) POJK 10/2022 [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Pasal 104 ayat (1) POJK 10/202 Tags ---- [ojk](/tag/ojk) [otoritas jasa keuangan](/tag/otoritas-jasa-keuangan) [pinjol](/tag/pinjol) [pinjol ilegal](/tag/pinjol-ilegal)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul Isi Perjanjian Kerja yang Harus Diperhatikan Sebelum Tanda Tangan yang dibuat oleh Tri Jata Ayu Pramesti, S.H. dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Jumat, 11 Februari 2022.KLINIK TERKAITJika Perusahaan Tidak Menyediakan Fasilitas Kerja04 Okt 2022Langkah Hukum Jika Gaji Tak Dibayar Pengusaha28 Jan 2022Aturan Perpanjangan dan Pembaruan PKWT Pasca UU Cipta Kerja06 Jan 2022Sahkah Pakai Surat Dokter Konsultasi Online untuk Izin Sakit?08 Nov 2021Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.Pengertian Kontrak KerjaSebelum menjawab pertanyaan Anda, sebaiknya kita pahami terlebih dahulu apa yang dimaksud dengan kontrak kerja atau perjanjian kerja. Pada dasarnya, kontrak kerja adalah suatu perjanjian antara pekerja dan pengusaha secara lisan dan atau tulisan, baik untuk waktu tertentu maupun untuk waktu tidak tertentu yang memuat syarat-syarat kerja, hak, dan kewajiban.[1] Kontrak kerja juga dapat diartikan sebagai dasar terjadinya hubungan kerja.[2] Definisi tersebut sejalan dengan Pasal 1 angka 14 UU Ketenagakerjaan yang berbunyi:Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Perjanjian kerja adalah perjanjian antara pekerja/buruh dengan pengusaha atau pemberi kerja yang memuat syarat-syarat kerja, hak, dan kewajiban para pihak.Sedangkan berdasarkan Pasal 1 angka 15 UU Ketenagakerjaan, hubungan kerja adalah hubungan antara pengusaha dengan pekerja/buruh berdasarkan perjanjian kerja, yang mempunyai unsur pekerjaan, upah, dan perintah. Dari definisi tersebut, menurut pendapat kami yang harus diperhatikan terlebih dahulu adalah mengenai unsur esensialianya, yakni pekerjaan, upah, dan perintah.Klausul pekerjaan harus memperhatikan jenis pekerja serta job description dari pekerjaan tersebut agar mengetahui detail dari pekerjaan yang menjadi kewajiban pekerja dalam kontrak kerja. Selanjutnya, dalam klausul upah perlu diperhatikan komponen serta besarnya upah agar tidak lebih rendah dari ketentuan pengupahan yang ditetapkan dalam peraturan perundang-undangan. Selain itu, perlu diperhatikan pula cara pembayaran serta konsekuensi keterlambatan pembayaran upah. Sementara itu, klausul perintah dalam hubungan kerja bermakna bahwa ada yang memberi perintah (pemberi kerja) dan ada yang melaksanakan perintah tersebut.[3]Ketentuan Hukum Perjanjian KerjaPada dasarnya, perjanjian kerja dibuat atas dasar:[4]kesepakatan kedua belah pihak;kemampuan atau kecakapan melakukan perbuatan hukum;adanya pekerjaan yang diperjanjikan; danpekerjaan yang diperjanjikan tidak bertentangan dengan ketertiban umum, kesusilaan, dan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku.Jika perjanjian kerja tersebut tidak memenuhi syarat dalam huruf a dan b, maka perjanjian kerja tersebut dapat dibatalkan. Sedangkan jika bertentangan dengan ketentuan dalam huruf c dan d, maka perjanjian kerja menjadi batal demi hukum.[5]Perjanjian kerja dibuat untuk waktu tertentu atau untuk waktu tidak tertentu. Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tertentu (“PKWT”) didasarkan atas jangka waktu atau selesainya suatu pekerjaan tertentu, yang ditentukan berdasarkan perjanjian kerja.[6]Lebih lanjut, berdasarkan Pasal 13 PP 35/2021, PKWT paling sedikit harus memuat:nama, alamat Perusahaan, dan jenis usaha;nama, jenis kelamin, umur, dan alamat Pekerja/Buruh;jabatan atau jenis pekerjaan;tempat pekerjaan;besaran dan cara pembayaran Upah;hak dan kewajiban Pengusaha dan Pekerja/Buruh sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundangundangan dan/atau syarat kerja yang diatur dalam Peraturan Perusahaan atau Perjanjian Kerja Bersama;mulai dan jangka waktu berlakunya PKWT;tempat dan tanggal PKWT dibuat; dantanda tangan para pihak dalam PKWT.Kemudian, jika Anda dipekerjakan secara kontrak atau PKWT, Anda harus melihat juga apakah diperjanjikan adanya masa percobaan dalam perjanjian kerja Anda. Hal ini karena dalam PKWT tidak dapat mensyaratkan adanya masa percobaan kerja. Jika dalam PKWT disyaratkan masa percobaan kerja, maka masa percobaan kerja yang disyaratkan batal demi hukum dan masa kerja tetap dihitung.[7]Sedangkan, jika Anda dipekerjakan secara tetap atau Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tidak Tertentu (“PKWTT”), maka berdasarkan Pasal 54 UU Ketenagakerjaan, perjanjian kerja yang dibuat secara tertulis sekurang kurangnya harus memuat:nama, alamat perusahaan, dan jenis usaha;nama, jenis kelamin, umur, dan alamat pekerja/buruh;jabatan atau jenis pekerjaan;tempat pekerjaan;besarnya upah dan cara pembayarannya;syarat-syarat kerja yang memuat hak dan kewajiban pengusaha dan pekerja/buruh;mulai dan jangka waktu berlakunya perjanjian kerja;tempat dan tanggal perjanjian kerja dibuat; dantanda tangan para pihak dalam perjanjian kerja.Namun, beda halnya dengan PWKT, dalam PKWTT dapat mensyaratkan masa percobaan kerja paling lama 3 (tiga) bulan, dan dalam masa percobaan kerja, pengusaha dilarang membayar upah di bawah upah minimum yang berlaku.[8] Jika PKWTT dibuat secara lisan, maka pengusaha wajib membuat surat pengangkatan bagi pekerja/buruh yang bersangkutan. Surat pengangkatan tersebut sekurang kurangnya memuat keterangan:[9]nama dan alamat pekerja/buruh;tanggal mulai bekerja;jenis pekerjaan; danbesarnya upah.Baca juga: Pekerja Wajib Tahu Perbedaan PKWT dan PKWTTKesimpulannya, sebelum Anda menandatangani perjanjian kerja dengan perusahaan, sebaiknya Anda terlebih dahulu memahami isi perjanjian kerja yang mengatur tentang jenis pekerjaan, tempat pekerjaan, besarnya upah dan cara pembayarannya, syarat kerja yang memuat hak dan kewajiban pengusaha dan pekerja, dan poin-poin sebagaimana diatur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan. Selain itu, jika Anda dipekerjakan secara kontrak atau PKWT, Anda harus memastikan bahwa tidak ada masa percobaan dalam perjanjian kerja Anda. Karena, dalam PKWT tidak dapat mensyaratkan adanya masa percobaan kerja.Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwibahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut di sini. Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat.DASAR HUKUMUndang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang KetenagakerjaanPeraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta KerjaPeraturan Pemerintah Nomor 35 Tahun 2021 tentang Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tertentu, Alih Daya, Waktu Kerja dan Waktu Istirahat, dan Pemutusan Hubungan KerjaREFERENSIAsri Wijayanti. Hukum Ketenagakerjaan Pasca Reformasi. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2017;Salim HS. Perkembangan Hukum Jaminan di Indonesia. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2007;Suryadi Bata Ahmad. Sistem Kontrak Kerja Antara Karyawan dan Perusahaan Perspektif Undang-Undang Ketenagakerjaan dan Hukum Islam. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Perbandingan Mazhab, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2020.[1] Salim HS. Perkembangan Hukum Jaminan di Indonesia. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2007, hal. 57.[2] Suryadi Bata Ahmad. Sistem Kontrak Kerja Antara Karyawan dan Perusahaan Perspektif Undang-Undang Ketenagakerjaan dan Hukum Islam. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Perbandingan Mazhab, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2020, hal. 21.[3] Asri Wijayanti. Hukum Ketenagakerjaan Pasca Reformasi. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2017, hal. 12.[4] Pasal 52 Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan (“UU Ketenagakerjaan”).[5]  Pasal 52 ayat (2) dan (3) UU Ketenagakerjaan.[6] Pasal 81 angka 12 Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja (“Perppu Cipta Kerja”) yang mengubah Pasal 56 UU Ketenagakerjaan.[7] Pasal 81 angka 14 Perppu Cipta Kerja yang mengubah Pasal 58 UU Ketenagakerjaan.[8] Pasal 60 UU Ketenagakerjaan.[9] Pasal 63 UU Ketenagakerjaan.Tagshukumhukumonlineketenagakerjaanklinikklinik hukumonlinekontrak kerjaperjanjian kerjapkwtpkwtt
Apa saja yang harus diperhatikan dalam kontrak kerja agar saya tidak dirugikan sepihak oleh perusahaan?
Pada intinya, dalam kontrak kerja perlu diperhatikan tiga unsur utama, yakni pekerjaan atau kewajiban pekerja, upah, dan perintah atau batasan-batasan yang berlaku saat menjalani pekerjaan. Namun, bagaimana dengan Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tertentu (“PKWT”) dan Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tidak Tertentu (“PKWTT”)? Apakah ada perbedaan antara kedua perjanjian tersebut? Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Jika Perusahaan Tidak Menyediakan Fasilitas Kerja04 Okt 2022Langkah Hukum Jika Gaji Tak Dibayar Pengusaha28 Jan 2022Aturan Perpanjangan dan Pembaruan PKWT Pasca UU Cipta Kerja06 Jan 2022Sahkah Pakai Surat Dokter Konsultasi Online untuk Izin Sakit?08 Nov 2021Jika Perusahaan Tidak Menyediakan Fasilitas Kerja04 Okt 2022Langkah Hukum Jika Gaji Tak Dibayar Pengusaha28 Jan 2022Aturan Perpanjangan dan Pembaruan PKWT Pasca UU Cipta Kerja06 Jan 2022Sahkah Pakai Surat Dokter Konsultasi Online untuk Izin Sakit?08 Nov 2021Syarat dan Prosedur Mempekerjakan TKA untuk Sementara21 Mar 2023Ini Cara Mengurus Akta Nikah yang Terlambat 30 Sep 2022Hal-hal yang Harus Disiapkan Jika Pindah KPR Bank6 Mei 2024Syarat dan Prosedur Mempekerjakan TKA untuk Sementara21 Mar 2023Ini Cara Mengurus Akta Nikah yang Terlambat 30 Sep 2022Hal-hal yang Harus Disiapkan Jika Pindah KPR Bank6 Mei 2024
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/perhatikan-ini-sebelum-tanda-tangan-kontrak-kerja-lt5767600b3aac7/
Perhatikan Ini Sebelum Tanda Tangan Kontrak Kerja
pages/154/page-7.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul** **_Isi Perjanjian Kerja yang Harus Diperhatikan Sebelum Tanda Tangan_** **yang dibuat oleh [Tri Jata Ayu Pramesti, S.H.](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/tri-jata-ayu-pramesti--sh-lt5165540a9b53c) dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada** **Jumat, 11 Februari 2022.** ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Jika Perusahaan Tidak Menyediakan Fasilitas Kerja ](/klinik/a/jika-perusahaan-tidak-menyediakan-fasilitas-kerja-lt52d48502c0ab9/) ![Jika Perusahaan Tidak Menyediakan Fasilitas Kerja](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt52d48502c0ab9/thumbnail_lt6164e602f08e7.jpg) 04 Okt 2022 [ #### Langkah Hukum Jika Gaji Tak Dibayar Pengusaha ](/klinik/a/langkah-hukum-jika-gaji-tak-dibayar-pengusaha-lt5117d01a27d8d/) ![Langkah Hukum Jika Gaji Tak Dibayar Pengusaha](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt5117d01a27d8d/thumbnail_lt61f3f210e3805.jpg) 28 Jan 2022 [ #### Aturan Perpanjangan dan Pembaruan PKWT Pasca UU Cipta Kerja ](/klinik/a/aturan-perpanjangan-dan-pembaruan-pkwt-pasca-uu-cipta-kerja-lt57d76d588b24f/) ![Aturan Perpanjangan dan Pembaruan PKWT Pasca UU Cipta Kerja](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt57d76d588b24f/thumbnail_lt61d6bd6a1acbf.jpg) 06 Jan 2022 [ #### Sahkah Pakai Surat Dokter Konsultasi _Online_ untuk Izin Sakit? ](/klinik/a/sahkah-pakai-surat-dokter-konsultasi-ionline-i-untuk-izin-sakit-lt615c0c2eae294/) ![Sahkah Pakai Surat Dokter Konsultasi <i>Online</i> untuk Izin Sakit?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt615c0c2eae294/thumbnail_lt6189098b4a5b5.jpg) 08 Nov 2021 [](#!) Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Pengertian Kontrak Kerja** Sebelum menjawab pertanyaan Anda, sebaiknya kita pahami terlebih dahulu apa yang dimaksud dengan kontrak kerja atau [perjanjian kerja](https://www.hukumonline.com/kamus/p/perjanjian-kerja). Pada dasarnya, kontrak kerja adalah suatu perjanjian antara pekerja dan pengusaha secara lisan dan atau tulisan, baik untuk waktu tertentu maupun untuk waktu tidak tertentu yang memuat syarat-syarat kerja, hak, dan kewajiban.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Kontrak kerja juga dapat diartikan sebagai dasar terjadinya hubungan kerja.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Definisi tersebut sejalan dengan **Pasal 1 angka 14 [UU Ketenagakerjaan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13146/undangundang-nomor-13-tahun-2003/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_13_2003)** yang berbunyi: Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) _Perjanjian kerja adalah perjanjian antara pekerja/buruh dengan pengusaha atau pemberi kerja yang memuat syarat-syarat kerja, hak, dan kewajiban para pihak._ Sedangkan berdasarkan **Pasal 1 angka 15 UU Ketenagakerjaan**, hubungan kerja adalah hubungan antara pengusaha dengan pekerja/buruh berdasarkan perjanjian kerja, yang mempunyai unsur pekerjaan, upah, dan perintah. Dari definisi tersebut, menurut pendapat kami yang harus diperhatikan terlebih dahulu adalah mengenai unsur esensialianya, yakni pekerjaan, upah, dan perintah. Klausul pekerjaan harus memperhatikan jenis pekerja serta _job description_ dari pekerjaan tersebut agar mengetahui detail dari pekerjaan yang menjadi kewajiban pekerja dalam kontrak kerja. Selanjutnya, dalam klausul upah perlu diperhatikan komponen serta besarnya upah agar tidak lebih rendah dari ketentuan pengupahan yang ditetapkan dalam peraturan perundang-undangan. Selain itu, perlu diperhatikan pula cara pembayaran serta konsekuensi keterlambatan pembayaran upah. Sementara itu, klausul perintah dalam hubungan kerja bermakna bahwa ada yang memberi perintah (pemberi kerja) dan ada yang melaksanakan perintah tersebut.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) ### **Ketentuan Hukum Perjanjian Kerja** Pada dasarnya, perjanjian kerja dibuat atas dasar:[\[4\]](#_ftn4) 1. kesepakatan kedua belah pihak; 2. kemampuan atau kecakapan melakukan perbuatan hukum; 3. adanya pekerjaan yang diperjanjikan; dan 4. pekerjaan yang diperjanjikan tidak bertentangan dengan ketertiban umum, kesusilaan, dan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Jika perjanjian kerja tersebut tidak memenuhi syarat dalam huruf a dan b, maka perjanjian kerja tersebut dapat dibatalkan. Sedangkan jika bertentangan dengan ketentuan dalam huruf c dan d, maka perjanjian kerja menjadi batal demi hukum.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) Perjanjian kerja dibuat untuk waktu tertentu atau untuk waktu tidak tertentu. Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tertentu (“PKWT”) didasarkan atas jangka waktu atau selesainya suatu pekerjaan tertentu, yang ditentukan berdasarkan perjanjian kerja.[\[6\]](#_ftn6) Lebih lanjut, berdasarkan **Pasal 13 [PP 35/2021](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt60322c341518b/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-35-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_35_2021)**, PKWT paling sedikit harus memuat: 1. nama, alamat Perusahaan, dan jenis usaha; 2. nama, jenis kelamin, umur, dan alamat Pekerja/Buruh; 3. jabatan atau jenis pekerjaan; 4. tempat pekerjaan; 5. besaran dan cara pembayaran Upah; 6. hak dan kewajiban Pengusaha dan Pekerja/Buruh sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundangundangan dan/atau syarat kerja yang diatur dalam Peraturan Perusahaan atau Perjanjian Kerja Bersama; 7. mulai dan jangka waktu berlakunya PKWT; 8. tempat dan tanggal PKWT dibuat; dan 9. tanda tangan para pihak dalam PKWT. Kemudian, jika Anda dipekerjakan secara kontrak atau PKWT, Anda harus melihat juga apakah diperjanjikan adanya masa percobaan dalam perjanjian kerja Anda. Hal ini karena dalam PKWT tidak dapat mensyaratkan adanya masa percobaan kerja. Jika dalam PKWT disyaratkan masa percobaan kerja, maka masa percobaan kerja yang disyaratkan batal demi hukum dan masa kerja tetap dihitung.[\[7\]](#_ftn7) Sedangkan, jika Anda dipekerjakan secara tetap atau Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tidak Tertentu (“PKWTT”), maka berdasarkan **Pasal 54 UU Ketenagakerjaan**, perjanjian kerja yang dibuat secara tertulis sekurang kurangnya harus memuat: 1. nama, alamat perusahaan, dan jenis usaha; 2. nama, jenis kelamin, umur, dan alamat pekerja/buruh; 3. jabatan atau jenis pekerjaan; 4. tempat pekerjaan; 5. besarnya upah dan cara pembayarannya; 6. syarat-syarat kerja yang memuat hak dan kewajiban pengusaha dan pekerja/buruh; 7. mulai dan jangka waktu berlakunya perjanjian kerja; 8. tempat dan tanggal perjanjian kerja dibuat; dan 9. tanda tangan para pihak dalam perjanjian kerja. Namun, beda halnya dengan PWKT, dalam PKWTT dapat mensyaratkan masa percobaan kerja paling lama 3 (tiga) bulan, dan dalam masa percobaan kerja, pengusaha dilarang membayar upah di bawah upah minimum yang berlaku.[\[8\]](#_ftn8) Jika PKWTT dibuat secara lisan, maka pengusaha wajib membuat surat pengangkatan bagi pekerja/buruh yang bersangkutan. Surat pengangkatan tersebut sekurang kurangnya memuat keterangan:[\[9\]](#_ftn9) 1. nama dan alamat pekerja/buruh; 2. tanggal mulai bekerja; 3. jenis pekerjaan; dan 4. besarnya upah. Baca juga: **[Pekerja Wajib Tahu Perbedaan PKWT dan PKWTT](https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/pekerja-wajib-tahu-perbedaan-pkwt-dan-pkwtt-lt633d69d5af385/?page=all?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pekerja_wajib_tahu_perbedaan_pkwt_pkwtt)** Kesimpulannya, sebelum Anda menandatangani perjanjian kerja dengan perusahaan, sebaiknya Anda terlebih dahulu memahami isi perjanjian kerja yang mengatur tentang jenis pekerjaan, tempat pekerjaan, besarnya upah dan cara pembayarannya, syarat kerja yang memuat hak dan kewajiban pengusaha dan pekerja, dan poin-poin sebagaimana diatur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan. Selain itu, jika Anda dipekerjakan secara kontrak atau PKWT, Anda harus memastikan bahwa tidak ada masa percobaan dalam perjanjian kerja Anda. Karena, dalam PKWT tidak dapat mensyaratkan adanya masa percobaan kerja. Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwibahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut [**di sini**](https://pro.hukumonline.com/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=cta&utm_campaign=artikel_klinik).  Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13146/undangundang-nomor-13-tahun-2003/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_13_2003) Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022) Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 35 Tahun 2021 tentang Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tertentu, Alih Daya, Waktu Kerja dan Waktu Istirahat, dan Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt60322c341518b/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-35-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_35_2021) REFERENSI --------- 1. Asri Wijayanti. Hukum Ketenagakerjaan Pasca Reformasi. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2017; 2. Salim HS. Perkembangan Hukum Jaminan di Indonesia. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2007; 3. Suryadi Bata Ahmad. Sistem Kontrak Kerja Antara Karyawan dan Perusahaan Perspektif Undang-Undang Ketenagakerjaan dan Hukum Islam. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Perbandingan Mazhab, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2020. * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Salim HS. _Perkembangan Hukum Jaminan di Indonesia_. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2007, hal. 57. [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Suryadi Bata Ahmad. _Sistem Kontrak Kerja Antara Karyawan dan Perusahaan Perspektif Undang-Undang Ketenagakerjaan dan Hukum Islam_. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Perbandingan Mazhab, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2020, hal. 21. [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Asri Wijayanti. _Hukum Ketenagakerjaan Pasca Reformasi_. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2017, hal. 12. [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 52 [Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13146/undangundang-nomor-13-tahun-2003/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_13_2003) (“UU Ketenagakerjaan”). [\[5\]](#_ftnref5)  Pasal 52 ayat (2) dan (3) UU Ketenagakerjaan. [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Pasal 81 angka 12 [Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022) (“Perppu Cipta Kerja”) yang mengubah Pasal 56 UU Ketenagakerjaan. [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Pasal 81 angka 14 Perppu Cipta Kerja yang mengubah Pasal 58 UU Ketenagakerjaan. [\[8\]](#_ftnref8) Pasal 60 UU Ketenagakerjaan. [\[9\]](#_ftnref9) Pasal 63 UU Ketenagakerjaan. Tags ---- [hukum](/tag/hukum) [hukumonline](/tag/hukumonline) [ketenagakerjaan](/tag/ketenagakerjaan) [klinik](/tag/klinik) [klinik hukumonline](/tag/klinik-hukumonline) [kontrak kerja](/tag/kontrak-kerja) [perjanjian kerja](/tag/perjanjian-kerja) [pkwt](/tag/pkwt) [pkwtt](/tag/pkwtt)
ULASAN LENGKAPThis article is an English translation of Ketentuan Transaksi via Rekening Valuta Asing di Indonesia written by Bernadetha Aurelia Oktavira, S.H., and was published on Tuesday, 14 March 2023. All legal information available on Klinik hukumonline.com has been prepared for educational purposes only and is general in nature (read the complete Disclaimer). In order to obtain legal advice specific to your case, please consult with Justika Partner Consultant.Transactions in Foreign Exchange Accounts in IndonesiaIn Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (“KBBI”) a.k.a the official dictionary of the Indonesian language, an expatriate or ekspatriat in Bahasa Indonesia is a person who renounces his/her citizenship, a person who leaves his/her home country, a foreign citizen (Warga Negara Asing/ "WNA") who resides in a country, an exile, or foreign labor. So, to simplify the answer, we assume that the expatriate you are referring to is a foreigner who works in Indonesia as a foreign worker.Also read: Requirements for Foreign Workers to Work in IndonesiaBelajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas In addition, we also assume that the expatriate's personal account in question is a foreign exchange ("forex") account for foreigners in Indonesia. Furthermore, referring to Circular of OJK S-246/D.01/2015, mentions a number of requirements for opening a forex account for foreigners individually.Furthermore, related to payments to banks, because it is not mentioned where the bank is located, we assume that the bank is a commercial bank in Indonesia. Meanwhile, employees representing expatriates are assumed to be Indonesian Citizens (Warga Negara Indonesia/ “WNI”).The transactions in the foreign exchange market include forex transactions against the rupiah and forex transactions against foreign exchange.[1] For example, forex transactions against the rupiah conducted between banks are carried out during the implementation window time of Bank Indonesia's open market operations, namely on weekdays at 08.00 West Indonesian Time (zone) - 16.00 West Indonesian Time (zone). Conversely, outside the timeframe, forex transactions against the rupiah conducted between banks in the forex market are prohibited.[2]Furthermore, throughout our search on various bank websites in Indonesia, forex account holders are given several facilities to transact using internet banking and mobile banking including checking account mutations.Therefore, we are of the opinion that if the expatriate has a forex account in Indonesia, then he/she can transact directly without the need to use a power of attorney or give a power of attorney to another person by observing the corridors of forex transactions including the minimum daily or monthly transaction limits as stipulated in Regulation of BI 24/7/PBI/2022, Regulation of BI Board of Governors 24/10/PADG/2022, as well as the provisions of the bank concerned.For example, a certain amount (threshold) for cash transactions to buy foreign exchange against the rupiah is USD100,000.00 or its equivalent per month per transactor in the foreign exchange market.[3]If they want to conduct foreign exchange transactions against the rupiah with a nominal value above a certain amount (threshold) per month, they are required to submit transaction underlying documents (activities underlying foreign exchange transactions against the rupiah)[4] and other supporting documents as referred to in Article 27 Regulation of BI Board of Governors 24/10/PADG/2022.The Function of Power of Attorney However, if the assumption we built above is not entirely correct, we will explain the function of a power of attorney in general. Article 1792 Civil Code states that a power of attorney is an agreement by which one person gives power to another person, who accepts it for and on his/her behalf to carry out an affair.So, it can be concluded that a power of attorney is a document that authorizes another party to carry out legal actions, for and on behalf of the power of attorney, because the power of attorney is unable to do it himself/herself.Also read: Difference between General Power of Attorney and Special Power of AttorneyAnswering your question, we are of the opinion that the granting of power of attorney is considered valid as long as the grantor (expatriate) gives written power of attorney to the beneficiary (employee) by emphasizing that for the purpose of payment to the bank, the beneficiary represents the grantor.As for the large transaction value, we advise you to refer back to the relevant bank's provisions regarding transaction limits and other relevant laws and regulations (if the bank in question is abroad).Enrich your legal research with the latest bilingual legal analysis, as well as the collection of regulatory translations integrated into Hukumonline Pro, click here to learn more.These are the answers we can provide, we hope you will find them useful.Legal Basis:Indonesian Civil Code;Regulation of Board of Governors Number 22/22/PADG/2020 of 2020 on Open Market Operations Instruments as amended by Regulation of Board of Governors Number 23/9/PADG/2021 of 2021 on the Amendment to Regulation of Board of Governors Number 22/22/PADG/2020 of 2020 on Open Market Operations Instruments;Regulation of Bank Indonesia Number 24/7/PBI/2022 of 2022 on Foreign Exchange Market Transactions;Regulation of Bank Indonesia Board of Governors Number 24/10/PADG/2022 of 2022 on the Implementing Regulation of Transactions in the Foreign Exchange Market;Circular of the Financial Services Authority Number S-246/D.01/2015 of 2015 on Opening of Foreign Exchange (Forex) Accounts by Prospective Individual Customers With Foreign Citizenship.Reference:Ekspatriat, accessed on 13 March 2023, at 22.00 West Indonesian Time (zone).[1] Article 3 Regulation of Bank Indonesia Number 24/7/PBI/2022 of 2022 on Foreign Exchange Market Transactions (“Regulation of BI 24/7/PBI/2022”)[2] Article 5 Regulation of Bank Indonesia Board of Governors Number 24/10/PADG/2022 of 2022 on the Implementing Regulation of Transactions in the Foreign Exchange Market (“Regulation of BI Board of Governors 24/10/PADG/2022”) jo. Article 5 Regulation of Board of Governors Number 22/22/PADG/2020 of 2020 on Open Market Operations Instruments (“Regulation of Board of Governors 22/22/PADG/2020”).[3] Article 9 section (1) Regulation of BI Board of Governors 24/10/PADG/2022.[4] Article 1 number 6 Regulation of BI Board of Governors 24/10/PADG/2022.Tagsklinik english edition
Can an employee as PIC represent an expatriate personally to make payments on behalf of himself/herself to the bank from the expatriate's personal account? If it is allowed, is it enough just to include a power of attorney? For information, the transactions that will be carried out are quite large in value. Are there any rules, restrictions, or prohibitions governing this?
We assume the expatriate you refer to has a foreign exchange ("forex") account in Indonesia. In relation to foreign exchange transactions, these can be carried out using the facilities provided by the bank concerned while still observing the provisions of foreign exchange transactions. So, what if the expatriate gives a power of attorney to the employee for the transaction? Please read the review below for a further explanation. Jika Polisi Menolak Laporan Masyarakat, Lakukan Ini15 Jan 2024Persyaratan Pemberhentian Direksi dan Komisaris PT PMA17 Mei 2023Pasal Penipuan Online untuk Menjerat Pelaku27 Des 2022Jika Polisi Menolak Laporan Masyarakat, Lakukan Ini15 Jan 2024Persyaratan Pemberhentian Direksi dan Komisaris PT PMA17 Mei 2023Pasal Penipuan Online untuk Menjerat Pelaku27 Des 2022
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/terms-of-transaction-via-foreign-exchange-account-in-indonesia-lt641485d3edab6/
Terms of Transaction via Foreign Exchange Account in Indonesia
pages/154/page-8.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- This article is an English translation of [**_Ketentuan Transaksi via Rekening Valuta Asing di Indonesia_**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/ketentuan-transaksi-via-rekening-valuta-asing-di-indonesia-lt640ff8913a165?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=ketentuan_transaksi_via_rekening_valas) written by [**Bernadetha Aurelia Oktavira, S.H.**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/bernadetha-aurelia-oktavira--sh-lt5d537b77ab8d5), and was published on Tuesday, 14 March 2023. All legal information available on Klinik hukumonline.com has been prepared for educational purposes only and is general in nature (read the complete [**Disclaimer**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer)). In order to obtain legal advice specific to your case, please consult with [**Justika Partner Consultant**](https://www.justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Transactions in Foreign Exchange Accounts in Indonesia** In **_Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia_ (“KBBI”)** a.k.a the official dictionary of the Indonesian language, an expatriate or [_ekspatriat_](https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/ekspatriat) in _Bahasa Indonesia_ is a person who renounces his/her citizenship, a person who leaves his/her home country, a foreign citizen (Warga Negara Asing/ "WNA") who resides in a country, an exile, or foreign labor. So, to simplify the answer, we assume that the expatriate you are referring to is a foreigner who works in Indonesia as a foreign worker. Also read: [**Requirements for Foreign Workers to Work in Indonesia**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/requirements-for-foreign-workers-to-work-in-indonesia-lt63e38e52bf30d?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=requirements_for_foreign_workers_in_indo) Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) In addition, we also assume that the expatriate's personal account in question is a foreign exchange ("forex") account for foreigners in Indonesia. Furthermore, referring to [**Circular of OJK S-246/D.01/2015**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt55fa32a9f1dec/surat-edaran-otoritas-jasa-keuangan-nomor-s-246-d01-2015-tahun-2015?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=ojk_246_2015), mentions a number of requirements for opening a forex account for foreigners individually. Furthermore, related to payments to banks, because it is not mentioned where the bank is located, we assume that the bank is a commercial bank in Indonesia. Meanwhile, employees representing expatriates are assumed to be Indonesian Citizens (Warga Negara Indonesia/ “WNI”). The transactions in the foreign exchange market include forex transactions against the rupiah and forex transactions against foreign exchange.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) For example, forex transactions against the rupiah conducted between banks are carried out during the implementation window time of Bank Indonesia's open market operations, namely on weekdays at 08.00 West Indonesian Time (zone) - 16.00 West Indonesian Time (zone). Conversely, outside the timeframe, forex transactions against the rupiah conducted between banks in the forex market are prohibited.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Furthermore, throughout our search on various bank websites in Indonesia, forex account holders are given several facilities to transact using internet banking and mobile banking including checking account mutations. Therefore, we are of the opinion that if the expatriate has a forex account in Indonesia, then he/she can transact directly without the need to use a power of attorney or give a power of attorney to another person by observing the corridors of forex transactions including the minimum daily or monthly transaction limits as stipulated in [**Regulation of BI 24/7/PBI/2022**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt62c52ef2bf70d/peraturan-bank-indonesia-nomor-24-7-pbi-2022-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pbi_24_2022), [**Regulation of BI Board of Governors 24/10/PADG/2022**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt62cbc841422d7/peraturan-anggota-dewan-gubernur-nomor-24-10-padg-2022-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=padg_24_2022), as well as the provisions of the bank concerned. For example, a certain amount (threshold) for cash transactions to buy foreign exchange against the rupiah is USD100,000.00 or its equivalent per month per transactor in the foreign exchange market.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) If they want to conduct foreign exchange transactions against the rupiah with a nominal value above a certain amount (threshold) per month, they are required to submit transaction underlying documents (activities underlying foreign exchange transactions against the rupiah)[\[4\]](#_ftn4) and other supporting documents as referred to in **Article 27 Regulation of BI Board of Governors 24/10/PADG/2022**. ### **The Function of Power of Attorney** However, if the assumption we built above is not entirely correct, we will explain the function of a power of attorney in general. **Article 1792** [**Civil Code**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17229/node/686?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHPerdata) states that a power of attorney is an agreement by which one person gives power to another person, who accepts it for and on his/her behalf to carry out an affair. So, it can be concluded that a power of attorney is a document that authorizes another party to carry out legal actions, for and on behalf of the power of attorney, because the power of attorney is unable to do it himself/herself. Also read: [**Difference between General Power of Attorney and Special Power of Attorney**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/perbedaan-surat-kuasa-umum-dan-surat-kuasa-khusus-cl5976?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=beda_surat_kuasa_umum_khusus) Answering your question, we are of the opinion that the granting of power of attorney is considered valid as long as the grantor (expatriate) gives written power of attorney to the beneficiary (employee) by emphasizing that for the purpose of payment to the bank, the beneficiary represents the grantor. As for the large transaction value, we advise you to refer back to the relevant bank's provisions regarding transaction limits and other relevant laws and regulations (if the bank in question is abroad). Enrich your legal research with the latest bilingual legal analysis, as well as the collection of regulatory translations integrated into Hukumonline Pro, click [**here**](https://pro.hukumonline.com/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=cta&utm_campaign=artikel_klinik) to learn more. These are the answers we can provide, we hope you will find them useful. Legal Basis: 1. [Indonesian Civil Code](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17229/node/686?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHPerdata); 2. [Regulation of Board of Governors Number 22/22/PADG/2020 of 2020 on Open Market Operations Instruments](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5f8009637919c?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=PADG_22_2020) as amended by [Regulation of Board of Governors Number 23/9/PADG/2021 of 2021 on the Amendment to Regulation of Board of Governors Number 22/22/PADG/2020 of 2020 on Open Market Operations Instruments](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt60a610fd9bb8c/peraturan-anggota-dewan-gubernur-nomor-239padg2021-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=PADG_23_2021); 3. [Regulation of Bank Indonesia Number 24/7/PBI/2022 of 2022 on Foreign Exchange Market Transactions](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt62c52ef2bf70d/peraturan-bank-indonesia-nomor-24-7-pbi-2022-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pbi_24_2022); 4. [Regulation of Bank Indonesia Board of Governors Number 24/10/PADG/2022 of 2022 on the Implementing Regulation of Transactions in the Foreign Exchange Market](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt62cbc841422d7/peraturan-anggota-dewan-gubernur-nomor-24-10-padg-2022-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=padg_24_2022); 5. [Circular of the Financial Services Authority Number S-246/D.01/2015 of 2015 on Opening of Foreign Exchange (Forex) Accounts by Prospective Individual Customers With Foreign Citizenship](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt55fa32a9f1dec/surat-edaran-otoritas-jasa-keuangan-nomor-s-246-d01-2015-tahun-2015?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=ojk_246_2015). Reference: [_Ekspatriat_](https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/ekspatriat), accessed on 13 March 2023, at 22.00 West Indonesian Time (zone). * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Article 3 [Regulation of Bank Indonesia Number 24/7/PBI/2022 of 2022 on Foreign Exchange Market Transactions](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt62c52ef2bf70d/peraturan-bank-indonesia-nomor-24-7-pbi-2022-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pbi_24_2022) (“[Regulation of BI 24/7/PBI/2022](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt62c52ef2bf70d/peraturan-bank-indonesia-nomor-24-7-pbi-2022-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pbi_24_2022)”) [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Article 5 [Regulation of Bank Indonesia Board of Governors Number 24/10/PADG/2022 of 2022 on the Implementing Regulation of Transactions in the Foreign Exchange Market](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt62cbc841422d7/peraturan-anggota-dewan-gubernur-nomor-24-10-padg-2022-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=padg_24_2022) (“Regulation of BI Board of Governors 24/10/PADG/2022”) _jo._ Article 5 [Regulation of Board of Governors Number 22/22/PADG/2020 of 2020 on Open Market Operations Instruments](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5f8009637919c?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=PADG_22_2020) (“Regulation of Board of Governors 22/22/PADG/2020”). [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Article 9 section (1) Regulation of BI Board of Governors 24/10/PADG/2022. [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Article 1 number 6 Regulation of BI Board of Governors 24/10/PADG/2022. Tags ---- [klinik english edition](/tag/klinik-english-edition)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul Persyaratan dan Aturan tentang Visa Kunjungan Kedatangan yang dibuat oleh Easybiz dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Senin, 6 Juni 2016.KLINIK TERKAITSurat Keterangan Lapor Diri dan Surat Keterangan Tempat Tinggal untuk WNA 21 Agt 2023Status Hukum Seorang Refugee dan Akibat Hukumnya06 Jun 2023Syarat Tenaga Kerja Asing Bisa Bekerja di Indonesia 03 Feb 2023Bolehkah Tenaga Kerja Asing Bekerja Sebagai Direktur Utama?21 Des 2015Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.Pengertian Visa on ArrivalSebelum menjawab pertanyaan Anda, sebaiknya kita pahami terlebih dahulu pengertian dari Visa Republik Indonesia yang selanjutnya disebut visa, yakni keterangan tertulis, baik secara manual maupun elektronik yang diberikan oleh pejabat yang berwenang untuk melakukan perjalanan ke Wilayah Indonesia dan menjadi dasar untuk pemberian Izin Tinggal.[1]Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Setiap orang asing yang masuk wilayah Indonesia wajib memiliki visa yang sah dan masih berlaku, kecuali ditentukan lain berdasarkan Undang-Undang ini dan perjanjian internasional.[2] Visa sendiri terdiri terdiri dari 4 (empat) jenis yaitu visa diplomatik, visa dinas, visa kunjungan, dan visa tinggal terbatas.[3]Baca juga: Jenis Visa Republik Indonesia dan KegunaannyaVisa tipe 213 yang Anda maksud, kami asumsikan sebagai jenis visa B213 yaitu Visa Kunjungan Saat Kedatangan (“VKSK”) yang diberikan pada saat kedatangan di Tempat Pemeriksaan Imigrasi tertentu kepada orang asing dari negara tertentu. Visa jenis ini diberikan untuk masa izin tinggal selama 30 (tiga puluh) hari dan dapat diperpanjang hanya sekali untuk 30 (tiga puluh) hari selanjutnya dan tidak dapat dialihstatuskan.[4] Visa Kunjungan Saat Kedatangan juga dikenal dengan Visa on Arrival (“VoA”), dimana wisatawan mancanegara dapat mengurus visa saat sudah datang di bandara Indonesia.[5]Visa kunjungan diatur dalam Pasal 106 angka 2 Perppu Cipta Kerja yang mengubah Pasal 38 UU Keimigrasian yang berbunyi:“Visa kunjungan diberikan kepada Orang Asing yang akan melakukan perjalanan ke Wilayah Indonesia dalam rangka kunjungan tugas pemerintahan, pendidikan, sosial budaya, pariwisata, prainvestasi, bisnis, keluarga, jurnalistik, atau singgah untuk meneruskan perjalanan ke negara lain.” Syarat Visa Kunjungan Saat KedatanganPada dasarnya, VoA dapat juga diberikan kepada orang asing pada saat kedatangan di Tempat Pemeriksaan Imigrasi oleh Pejabat Imigrasi.[6] Orang Asing yang dapat diberikan Visa kunjungan saat kedatangan adalah warga negara dari negara tertentu yang ditetapkan berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri.[7]Kemudian, berdasarkan Pasal 1 angka 3 PP 48/2021, permohonan visa kunjungan diajukan oleh orang asing atau penjamin kepada Menteri atau Pejabat Imigrasi yang ditunjuk dengan mengisi aplikasi data dan melampirkan persyaratan:paspor yang sah dan masih berlaku paling singkat 6 (enam) bulan;surat penjaminan dari Penjamin kecuali untuk kunjungan dalam rangka pariwisata;bukti memiliki biaya hidup bagi dirinya dan/atau keluarganya selama berada di Wilayah Indonesia;tiket kembali atau tiket terusan untuk melanjutkan perjalanan ke negara lain kecuali bagi awak Alat Angkut yang akan singgah untuk bergabung dengan kapalnya dan melanjutkanperjalanan ke negara lain; danpas foto berwarna.Dilansir dari laman Kedutaan Besar Republik Indonesia tentang Visa Kunjungan Saat Kedatangan B213, pemohon VoA juga harus memastikan bahwa biaya visa tersebut lunas dan termasuk dalam daftar negara-negara VKSK/VoA.Anda juga dapat membaca tentang prosedur teknis permohonan dan pemberian VoA selengkapnya pada Pasal 23 sampai Pasal 27 Permenkumham 29/2021.Indeks Visa Kunjungan Saat KedatanganLantas, kegiatan apa saja yang boleh dilakukan oleh pemegang VKSK? Indeks VKSK diatur dalam Pasal 4 ayat (2) angka 4 Perdirjen Imigrasi 2006. Pada pasal tersebut diatur bahwa VKSK dipergunakan untuk keperluan yang meliputi semua aspek pemerintahan, kepariwisataan, sosial budaya dan kegiatan usaha yang diberikan pada saat kedatangannya di wilayah Indonesia dengan jangka waktu paling lama 30 (tiga puluh) hari, seperti kunjungan:Kerjasama antara pemerintah negara lain dengan Negara Indonesia;Wisata;Keluarga atau sosial;Antar lembaga pendidikan;Mengikuti pelatihan singkat;Jurnalistik yang telah mendapat izin dari instansi yang berwenang;Pembuatan film yang tidak bersifat komersial dan telah mendapat izin dari instansi yang berwenang;Melakukan pembicaraan bisnis, seperti transaksi jual beli barang dan jasa serta pengawasan kualitas barang atau produksi;Memberikan ceramah atau mengikuti seminar yang tidak bersifat komersil dalam bidang sosial, budaya maupun pemerintah, setelah mendapat izin dari instansi yang bersangkutan;Mengikuti pameran internasional yang tidak bersifat komersial;Mengikuti rapat yang diadakan dengan kantor pusat atau perwakilannya di Indonesia.Kesimpulannya, menjawab pertanyaan Anda, jenis visa B213 termasuk dalam jenis Visa Kunjungan Saat Kedatangan atau Visa on Arrival yang diberikan kepada orang asing pada saat kedatangan di Tempat Pemeriksaan Imigrasi tertentu di Indonesia. Pemohon visa ini harus memenuhi persyaratan yang sudah ditentukan peraturan perundang-undangan, antara lain memiliki paspor yang sah dan masih berlaku paling singkat 6 (enam) bulan, memiliki tiket pulang dan pergi, dan biaya visa lunas. Kemudian, kegiatan seperti kunjungan, pembicaraan bisnis, dan juga rapat diperbolehkan untuk dilakukan pemegang Visa Kunjungan Saat Kedatangan.Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwibahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut di sini. Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat.DASAR HUKUMUndang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2011 tentang KeimigrasianPeraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta KerjaPeraturan Pemerintah Nomor 48 Tahun 2021 tentang Perubahan Ketiga atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 31 Tahun 2013 tentang Peraturan Pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2011 tentang KeimigrasianPeraturan Direktur Jenderal Imigrasi Nomor F-434.IZ.01.10 Tahun 2006 tentang Bentuk, Ukuran, Redaksi, Jenis Dan Indeks, Serta Peneraan VisaPeraturan Direktur Jenderal Imigrasi Nomor IMI-330.IZ.01.10 Tahun 2009 tentang Perubahan atas Peraturan Direktur Jenderal Imigrasi Nomor F-434.Iz.01.10 Tahun 2006 tentang Bentuk, Ukuran, Redaksi, Jenis, dan Indeks Serta Peneraan VisaPeraturan Direktur Jenderal Imigrasi Nomor IMI-819.IZ.01.10 Tahun 2009 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Peraturan Direktur Jenderal Imigrasi Nomor F-434.IZ.01.10 Tahun 2006 tentang Bentuk, Ukuran, Redaksi, Jenis dan Indeks serta Peneraan VisaPeraturan Menteri Hukum Dan Hak Asasi Manusia Nomor 29 Tahun 2021 tentang Visa dan Izin TinggalREFERENSIDesinta Wahyu Kusumawardani. Menjaga Pintu Gerbang Negara Melalui Pembatasan Kunjungan Warga Negara Asing dalam Mencegah Penyebaran Covid-19. Jurnal Ilmiah Kebijakan Hukum, Vol. 14, No. 3, 2020;Visa Kunjungan Saat Kedatangan B213, diakses 17 Maret 2023, pukul 14.40 WIB.[1] Pasal 106 angka 1 Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja (“Perppu Cipta Kerja”) yang mengubah Pasal 1 Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2011 tentang Keimigrasian (“UU Keimigrasian”). .[2] Pasal 8 ayat (2) UU Keimigrasian.[3] Pasal 34 UU Keimigrasian.[4] Visa Kunjungan Saat Kedatangan B213, diakses 17 Maret 2023, pukul 14.40 WIB.[5] Desinta Wahyu Kusumawardani. Menjaga Pintu Gerbang Negara Melalui Pembatasan Kunjungan Warga Negara Asing dalam Mencegah Penyebaran Covid-19. Jurnal Ilmiah Kebijakan Hukum, Vol. 14, No. 3, 2020, hal. 524.[6] Pasal 41 ayat (1) jo. ayat (3) UU Keimigrasian.[7] Pasal 41 ayat (2) UU Keimigrasian.Tagshukumhukumonlineimigrasiklinik hukumonlinevisa kunjungan
Saya ingin bertanya terkait visa tipe 213. Kegiatan apa saja yang boleh dilakukan oleh pemegang visa 213? Apakah boleh melakukan visit, meeting, dan keliling perusahaan? Bagaimana syarat dan dasar hukum visa tipe 213?  
Jenis Visa B213 termasuk dalam Visa Kunjungan Saat Kedatangan yang diberikan kepada orang asing pada saat kedatangan di Tempat Pemeriksaan Imigrasi oleh Pejabat Imigrasi di Indonesia. Lantas, apa saja kegiatan yang boleh dilakukan pemegang Visa Kunjungan Saat Kedatangan? Apa syarat memperoleh visa tersebut? Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Surat Keterangan Lapor Diri dan Surat Keterangan Tempat Tinggal untuk WNA 21 Agt 2023Status Hukum Seorang Refugee dan Akibat Hukumnya06 Jun 2023Syarat Tenaga Kerja Asing Bisa Bekerja di Indonesia 03 Feb 2023Bolehkah Tenaga Kerja Asing Bekerja Sebagai Direktur Utama?21 Des 2015Surat Keterangan Lapor Diri dan Surat Keterangan Tempat Tinggal untuk WNA 21 Agt 2023Status Hukum Seorang Refugee dan Akibat Hukumnya06 Jun 2023Syarat Tenaga Kerja Asing Bisa Bekerja di Indonesia 03 Feb 2023Bolehkah Tenaga Kerja Asing Bekerja Sebagai Direktur Utama?21 Des 2015Perhatikan Ini Sebelum Tanda Tangan Kontrak Kerja20 Mar 2023Tips Agar Terhindar dari Jebakan Saham Gorengan15 Agu 2023Tips Cicil Rumah dengan KPR Agar Terhindar Risiko Hukum2 Apr 2024Perhatikan Ini Sebelum Tanda Tangan Kontrak Kerja20 Mar 2023Tips Agar Terhindar dari Jebakan Saham Gorengan15 Agu 2023Tips Cicil Rumah dengan KPR Agar Terhindar Risiko Hukum2 Apr 2024
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/visa-kunjungan-saat-kedatangan--ini-syarat-dan-aturannya-lt56a7342fd69d5/
Visa Kunjungan Saat Kedatangan, Ini Syarat dan Aturannya
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul** **_Persyaratan dan Aturan tentang Visa Kunjungan Kedatangan_** **yang dibuat oleh [Easybiz](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/easybiz-lt55e6ba0b40629/easybiz-lt55e6bb779b5a8) dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Senin, 6 Juni 2016.** ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Surat Keterangan Lapor Diri dan Surat Keterangan Tempat Tinggal untuk WNA ](/klinik/a/surat-keterangan-lapor-diri-dan-surat-keterangan-tempat-tinggal-untuk-wna-lt51e6121250863/) ![Surat Keterangan Lapor Diri dan Surat Keterangan Tempat Tinggal untuk WNA ](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt51e6121250863/thumbnail_lt64e3561361071.jpg) 21 Agt 2023 [ #### Status Hukum Seorang _Refugee_ dan Akibat Hukumnya ](/klinik/a/status-hukum-seorang-irefugee-i-dan-akibat-hukumnya-lt550541bf544d1/) ![Status Hukum Seorang <i>Refugee</i> dan Akibat Hukumnya](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt550541bf544d1/thumbnail_lt647f2c6a1918c.jpg) 06 Jun 2023 [ #### Syarat Tenaga Kerja Asing Bisa Bekerja di Indonesia ](/klinik/a/syarat-tenaga-kerja-asing-bisa-bekerja-di-indonesia-lt557fb3beea80c/) ![Syarat Tenaga Kerja Asing Bisa Bekerja di Indonesia ](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt557fb3beea80c/thumbnail_lt63dcc40b40635.jpg) 03 Feb 2023 [ #### Bolehkah Tenaga Kerja Asing Bekerja Sebagai Direktur Utama? ](/klinik/a/bolehkah-tenaga-kerja-asing-bekerja-sebagai-direktur-utama-lt5538930d427d1/) ![Bolehkah Tenaga Kerja Asing Bekerja Sebagai Direktur Utama?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt5538930d427d1/thumbnail_lt5677c9bc196aa.jpg) 21 Des 2015 [](#!) Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Pengertian _Visa on Arrival_** Sebelum menjawab pertanyaan Anda, sebaiknya kita pahami terlebih dahulu pengertian dari Visa Republik Indonesia yang selanjutnya disebut visa, yakni keterangan tertulis, baik secara manual maupun elektronik yang diberikan oleh pejabat yang berwenang untuk melakukan perjalanan ke Wilayah Indonesia dan menjadi dasar untuk pemberian Izin Tinggal.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Setiap orang asing yang masuk wilayah Indonesia wajib memiliki visa yang sah dan masih berlaku, kecuali ditentukan lain berdasarkan Undang-Undang ini dan perjanjian internasional.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Visa sendiri terdiri terdiri dari 4 (empat) jenis yaitu visa diplomatik, visa dinas, visa kunjungan, dan visa tinggal terbatas.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Baca juga: [**Jenis Visa Republik Indonesia dan Kegunaannya**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/jenis-visa-lt5a289ad826c58?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=jenis_visa_ri_kegunaan) Visa tipe 213 yang Anda maksud, kami asumsikan sebagai jenis visa B213 yaitu Visa Kunjungan Saat Kedatangan (“VKSK”) yang diberikan pada saat kedatangan di Tempat Pemeriksaan Imigrasi tertentu kepada orang asing dari negara tertentu. Visa jenis ini diberikan untuk masa izin tinggal selama 30 (tiga puluh) hari dan dapat diperpanjang hanya sekali untuk 30 (tiga puluh) hari selanjutnya dan tidak dapat dialihstatuskan.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) Visa Kunjungan Saat Kedatangan juga dikenal dengan _Visa on Arrival_ (“VoA”), dimana wisatawan mancanegara dapat mengurus visa saat sudah datang di bandara Indonesia.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) Visa kunjungan diatur dalam **Pasal 106 angka 2** [**Perppu Cipta Kerja**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022) yang mengubah **Pasal 38 [UU Keimigrasian](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4dd0e447183ec/undangundang-nomor-6-tahun-2011/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_6_2011)** yang berbunyi: _“Visa kunjungan diberikan kepada Orang Asing yang akan melakukan perjalanan ke Wilayah Indonesia dalam rangka kunjungan tugas pemerintahan, pendidikan, sosial budaya, pariwisata, prainvestasi, bisnis, keluarga, jurnalistik, atau singgah untuk meneruskan perjalanan ke negara lain.”_ ### **Syarat Visa Kunjungan Saat Kedatangan** Pada dasarnya, VoA dapat juga diberikan kepada orang asing pada saat kedatangan di Tempat Pemeriksaan Imigrasi oleh Pejabat Imigrasi.[\[6\]](#_ftn6) Orang Asing yang dapat diberikan Visa kunjungan saat kedatangan adalah warga negara dari negara tertentu yang ditetapkan berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri.[\[7\]](#_ftn7) Kemudian, berdasarkan **Pasal 1 angka 3** [**PP 48/2021**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6032472bafe24/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-48-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=PP_48_2021), permohonan visa kunjungan diajukan oleh orang asing atau penjamin kepada Menteri atau Pejabat Imigrasi yang ditunjuk dengan mengisi aplikasi data dan melampirkan persyaratan: 1. paspor yang sah dan masih berlaku paling singkat 6 (enam) bulan; 2. surat penjaminan dari Penjamin kecuali untuk kunjungan dalam rangka pariwisata; 3. bukti memiliki biaya hidup bagi dirinya dan/atau keluarganya selama berada di Wilayah Indonesia; 4. tiket kembali atau tiket terusan untuk melanjutkan perjalanan ke negara lain kecuali bagi awak Alat Angkut yang akan singgah untuk bergabung dengan kapalnya dan melanjutkanperjalanan ke negara lain; dan 5. pas foto berwarna. Dilansir dari laman **Kedutaan Besar Republik Indonesia** tentang [**Visa Kunjungan Saat Kedatangan B213**](https://kemlu.go.id/bratislava/id/pages/visa_kunjungan_saat_kedatangan__b213_/1228/etc-menu#:~:text=%E2%80%8BJenis%20visa%20ini%20\(B213,selanjutnya%20dan%20tidak%20dapat%20dialihstatuskan.), pemohon VoA juga harus memastikan bahwa biaya visa tersebut lunas dan termasuk dalam daftar negara-negara VKSK/VoA. Anda juga dapat membaca tentang prosedur teknis permohonan dan pemberian VoA selengkapnya pada **Pasal 23 sampai Pasal 27** [**Permenkumham 29/2021**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt622f4923764d3/peraturan-menteri-hukum-dan-hak-asasi-manusia-nomor-29-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=Permenkumham_29_2021). ### **Indeks Visa Kunjungan Saat Kedatangan** Lantas, kegiatan apa saja yang boleh dilakukan oleh pemegang VKSK? Indeks VKSK diatur dalam **Pasal 4 ayat (2) angka 4 [Perdirjen Imigrasi 2006](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4a1d0ba2cd03e?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perdirjenimigrasi_2006)**. Pada pasal tersebut diatur bahwa VKSK dipergunakan untuk keperluan yang meliputi semua aspek pemerintahan, kepariwisataan, sosial budaya dan kegiatan usaha yang diberikan pada saat kedatangannya di wilayah Indonesia dengan jangka waktu paling lama 30 (tiga puluh) hari, seperti kunjungan: 1. Kerjasama antara pemerintah negara lain dengan Negara Indonesia; 2. Wisata; 3. Keluarga atau sosial; 4. Antar lembaga pendidikan; 5. Mengikuti pelatihan singkat; 6. Jurnalistik yang telah mendapat izin dari instansi yang berwenang; 7. Pembuatan film yang tidak bersifat komersial dan telah mendapat izin dari instansi yang berwenang; 8. Melakukan pembicaraan bisnis, seperti transaksi jual beli barang dan jasa serta pengawasan kualitas barang atau produksi; 9. Memberikan ceramah atau mengikuti seminar yang tidak bersifat komersil dalam bidang sosial, budaya maupun pemerintah, setelah mendapat izin dari instansi yang bersangkutan; 10. Mengikuti pameran internasional yang tidak bersifat komersial; 11. Mengikuti rapat yang diadakan dengan kantor pusat atau perwakilannya di Indonesia. Kesimpulannya, menjawab pertanyaan Anda, jenis visa B213 termasuk dalam jenis Visa Kunjungan Saat Kedatangan atau _Visa on Arrival_ yang diberikan kepada orang asing pada saat kedatangan di Tempat Pemeriksaan Imigrasi tertentu di Indonesia. Pemohon visa ini harus memenuhi persyaratan yang sudah ditentukan peraturan perundang-undangan, antara lain memiliki paspor yang sah dan masih berlaku paling singkat 6 (enam) bulan, memiliki tiket pulang dan pergi, dan biaya visa lunas. Kemudian, kegiatan seperti kunjungan, pembicaraan bisnis, dan juga rapat diperbolehkan untuk dilakukan pemegang Visa Kunjungan Saat Kedatangan. Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwibahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut [**di sini**](https://pro.hukumonline.com/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=cta&utm_campaign=artikel_klinik).  Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2011 tentang Keimigrasian [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4dd0e447183ec/undangundang-nomor-6-tahun-2011/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_6_2011) Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022) Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 48 Tahun 2021 tentang Perubahan Ketiga atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 31 Tahun 2013 tentang Peraturan Pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2011 tentang Keimigrasian [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6032472bafe24/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-48-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=PP_48_2021) Peraturan Direktur Jenderal Imigrasi Nomor F-434.IZ.01.10 Tahun 2006 tentang Bentuk, Ukuran, Redaksi, Jenis Dan Indeks, Serta Peneraan Visa [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4a1d0ba2cd03e?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perdirjenimigrasi_2006) Peraturan Direktur Jenderal Imigrasi Nomor IMI-330.IZ.01.10 Tahun 2009 tentang Perubahan atas Peraturan Direktur Jenderal Imigrasi Nomor F-434.Iz.01.10 Tahun 2006 tentang Bentuk, Ukuran, Redaksi, Jenis, dan Indeks Serta Peneraan Visa [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4a3606c123608?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perdirjen_imigrasi_330_2009) Peraturan Direktur Jenderal Imigrasi Nomor IMI-819.IZ.01.10 Tahun 2009 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Peraturan Direktur Jenderal Imigrasi Nomor F-434.IZ.01.10 Tahun 2006 tentang Bentuk, Ukuran, Redaksi, Jenis dan Indeks serta Peneraan Visa [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4a7143aa52470/peraturan-direktur-jenderal-imigrasi-nomor-imi819iz0110-tahun-2009?r=0&p=1&q=Peraturan%20Direktur%20Jenderal%20Imigrasi%20Nomor%20IMI-819.IZ.01.10%20Tahun%202009&rs=1847&re=2023?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perdirjenimigrasi_2009) Peraturan Menteri Hukum Dan Hak Asasi Manusia Nomor 29 Tahun 2021 tentang Visa dan Izin Tinggal [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt622f4923764d3/peraturan-menteri-hukum-dan-hak-asasi-manusia-nomor-29-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=Permenkumham_29_2021) REFERENSI --------- 1. Desinta Wahyu Kusumawardani. _Menjaga Pintu Gerbang Negara Melalui Pembatasan Kunjungan Warga Negara Asing dalam Mencegah Penyebaran Covid-19_. Jurnal Ilmiah Kebijakan Hukum, Vol. 14, No. 3, 2020; 2. [Visa Kunjungan Saat Kedatangan B213](https://kemlu.go.id/bratislava/id/pages/visa_kunjungan_saat_kedatangan__b213_/1228/etc-menu#:~:text=%E2%80%8BJenis%20visa%20ini%20\(B213,selanjutnya%20dan%20tidak%20dapat%20dialihstatuskan.), diakses 17 Maret 2023, pukul 14.40 WIB. * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Pasal 106 angka 1 [Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022) (“Perppu Cipta Kerja”) yang mengubah Pasal 1 [Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2011 tentang Keimigrasian](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4dd0e447183ec/undangundang-nomor-6-tahun-2011/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_6_2011) (“UU Keimigrasian”). . [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal 8 ayat (2) UU Keimigrasian. [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 34 UU Keimigrasian. [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) [Visa Kunjungan Saat Kedatangan B213](https://kemlu.go.id/bratislava/id/pages/visa_kunjungan_saat_kedatangan__b213_/1228/etc-menu#:~:text=%E2%80%8BJenis%20visa%20ini%20\(B213,selanjutnya%20dan%20tidak%20dapat%20dialihstatuskan.), diakses 17 Maret 2023, pukul 14.40 WIB. [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Desinta Wahyu Kusumawardani. _Menjaga Pintu Gerbang Negara Melalui Pembatasan Kunjungan Warga Negara Asing dalam Mencegah Penyebaran Covid-19_. Jurnal Ilmiah Kebijakan Hukum, Vol. 14, No. 3, 2020, hal. 524. [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Pasal 41 ayat (1) _jo._ ayat (3) UU Keimigrasian. [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Pasal 41 ayat (2) UU Keimigrasian. Tags ---- [hukum](/tag/hukum) [hukumonline](/tag/hukumonline) [imigrasi](/tag/imigrasi) [klinik hukumonline](/tag/klinik-hukumonline) [visa kunjungan](/tag/visa-kunjungan)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.Pengertian dan Syarat HibahKLINIK TERKAITSyarat dan Prosedur Hibah Saham11 Okt 2022Hibah Lisan dan Hibah Tertulis, Lebih Kuat yang Mana?07 Jun 2022Status Hibah Tanah untuk CSR17 Jan 2022Simak! 2 Langkah Hibah Tanah dan Bangunan ke Keluarga22 Jan 2021Pengertian hibah pada dasarnya adalah pemberian dari seseorang semasa hidupnya kepada orang lain. Mengenai apa yang dimaksud dengan hibah dapat dilihat dalam Pasal 1666 KUH Perdata yang berbunyi:Penghibahan adalah suatu persetujuan dengan mana seorang penghibah menyerahkan suatu barang secara cuma-cuma, tanpa dapat menariknya kembali, untuk kepentingan seseorang yang menerima penyerahan barang itu. Undang-undang hanya mengakui penghibahan-penghibahan antara orang-orang yang masih hidup.Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Adapun syarat-syarat hibah diatur di dalam Pasal 1667 – 1670, 1682, dan 1683 KUH Perdata. Secara lebih sederhana, R. Subekti dalam buku Syarat Sahnya Hibah sebagaimana dikutip dalam artikel Syarat dan Prosedur Hibah Saham menjelaskan syarat-syarat hibah yaitu:Penerima hibah sudah dewasa dan cakap melakukan tindakan hukum;Pemberi hibah memiliki harta atau barang yang sudah ada untuk dihibahkan;Pemberi hibah dan penerima hibah bukan merupakan suami-istri dalam suatu perkawinan;Penerima hibah harus ada pada saat penghibahan terjadi;Penghibah tidak boleh menjanjikan bahwa ia tetap berkuasa untuk menggunakan hak miliknya atas barang yang dihibahkan itu. Penghibahan yang demikian sekedar mengenai barang itu dipandang sebagai tidak sah;Suatu penghibahan adalah batal jika dilakukan dengan memuat syarat bahwa penerima hibah akan melunasi utang atau beban-beban lain di samping apa yang dinyatakan dalam akta hibah itu sendiri atau dalam daftar dilampirkan;Penghibah boleh memberikan syarat-syarat untuk menguasai barang hibah.Selanjutnya, perlu kami sampaikan bahwa pada dasarnya hibah sah dan akibatnya berlaku bagi para pihak jika penerima hibah telah menerima dengan tegas pemberian tersebut. Hal ini diatur dalam Pasal 1683 jo. Pasal 1682 KUH Perdata.Terhadap hibah atas benda-benda bergerak yang berwujud atau surat piutang yang akan dibayar atas tunduk, tidak memerlukan akta notaris dan adalah sah bila pemberian tersebut diserahkan begitu saja kepada penerima hibah atau kepada orang lain yang menerima hibah itu untuk diteruskan kepada penerima hibah.[1] Selain ketentuan tersebut maka berlaku akta notaris.[2]Hibah oleh Perseroan dan EmitenPerseroan Terbatas ("PT”) adalah badan hukum yang merupakan persekutuan modal, didirikan berdasarkan perjanjian, melakukan kegiatan usaha dengan modal dasar yang seluruhnya terbagi dalam saham atau badan hukum perorangan yang memenuhi kriteria usaha mikro dan kecil sebagaimana diatur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan mengenai usaha mikro dan kecil.[3]Adapun yang dimaksud emiten adalah pihak yang melakukan penawaran umum.[4] Penawaran umum adalah kegiatan penawaran efek yang dilakukan oleh emiten untuk menjual efek kepada masyarakat berdasarkan tata cara yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang mengenai pasar modal dan peraturan pelaksanaannya.[5]Lantas bolehkah perseroan dan emiten melakukan hibah? Salah satu jenis hibah yang dapat dilakukan oleh perseroan terbatas dan emiten adalah hibah saham. Mengutip artikel Syarat dan Prosedur Hibah Saham, diketahui bahwa saham merupakan benda bergerak yang dapat dihibahkan dengan syarat dan prosedur tertentu.Adapun, terkait dengan emiten, sepanjang penelusuran kami, ketentuan yang secara tegas mengatur mengenai hibah oleh emiten termaktub dalam Pasal 2 ayat (2) huruf c POJK 22/2019 yang menerangkan bahwa salah satu jenis transaksi efek yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan hibah atau hibah wasiat. Artinya, salah satu jenis hibah yang dapat dilakukan oleh emiten adalah hibah efek.Lalu apakah perseroan termasuk emiten dapat melakukan hibah dalam bentuk lain?Sepanjang penelusuran kami, sebuah perseroan termasuk emiten dapat melakukan hibah dalam bentuk apapun, kepada pihak lain termasuk PT lain baik yang memiliki relasi maupun tidak memiliki relasi, karena pada dasarnya hibah sah dan akibatnya berlaku bagi para pihak jika penerima hibah telah menerima dengan tegas pemberian tersebut, hal ini sebagaimana diatur berdasarkan ketentuan Pasal 1683 KUHPerdata.Sementara, emiten ketika melakukan perbuatan hukum termasuk hibah, hendaklah berpatokan dengan prinsip keterbukaan. Prinsip keterbukaan adalah pedoman umum yang yang mensyaratkan emiten, perusahaan publik, dan pihak lain yang tunduk pada UU Pasar Modal untuk menginformasikan kepada masyarakat dalam waktu yang tepat seluruh informasi material mengenai usahanya atau efeknya yang dapat berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pemodal atau investor terhadap efek yang dimaksud dan/atau harga dari efek tersebut.[6]Adapun yang dimaksud dengan informasi atau fakta material adalah informasi atau fakta penting dan relevan mengenai peristiwa, kejadian, atau fakta yang dapat mempengaruhi penilaian atas harga efek dan keputusan investor, calon investor, dan pihak lain yang berkepentingan.[7]Artinya, ketika emiten melakukan suatu tindakan hukum, termasuk hibah dalam bentuk apapun, dapat dilakukan sepanjang sesuai dengan prinsip keterbukaan sebagaimana diatur di dalam UU Pasar Modal. Karena, apa yang dilakukan oleh emiten akan mempengaruhi keputusan investor.Bisakah PT dan Emiten Melakukan Hibah Tanah?Lalu, terhadap hibah tanah, PT atau emiten pada dasarnya tidak termasuk pihak yang dapat memiliki hak milik atas tanah.[8] Sehingga, kami asumsikan bahwa tanah yang akan dihibahkan tersebut berstatus hak guna bangunan (“HGB”).HGB pada dasarnya dapat beralih dan dialihkan kepada pihak lain.[9] Adapun peralihan hak atas tanah dapat dilakukan melalui jual beli, tukar menukar, hibah, pemasukan dalam perusahaan dan perbuatan hukum pemindahan hak lainnya.[10]Adapun, mekanisme hibah HGB, selain sesuai dengan syarat hibah sebagaimana ditentukan dalam KUH Perdata yang disebutkan di atas, juga harus dituangkan dalam akta yang dibuat oleh dan di hadapan Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (“PPAT”) dan dihadiri oleh para pihak beserta sekurang-kurangnya 2 orang saksi.[11]Selanjutnya, Pasal 40 ayat (1) dan ayat (2) PP Pendaftaran Tanah mengatur bahwa selambat-lambatnya 7 hari kerja sejak tanggal ditandatanganinya akta yang bersangkutan, PPAT wajib menyampaikan akta yang dibuatnya berikut dokumen-dokumen yang bersangkutan kepada Kantor Pertanahan untuk didaftar. PPAT juga wajib menyampaikan pemberitahuan tertulis mengenai telah disampaikannya akta tersebut kepada para pihak yang bersangkutan.Mengenai jenis, persiapan, dan pelaksanaan pembuatan akta PPAT diatur di dalam dalam Pasal 95 – 106 Permen Agraria/Kepala BPN 3/1997 dan perubahannya.Dengan demikian, menjawab pertanyaan Anda, PT dan emiten pada dasarnya dapat melakukan hibah dalam bentuk apapun kepada pihak lain termasuk PT lain baik yang memiliki relasi mkliniaupun tidak memiliki relasi, termasuk hibah tanah sesuai dengan syarat hibah dan ketentuan mengenai pengalihan hak atas tanah seperti HGB. Khusus untuk emiten, hibah yang dilakukan harus memenuhi prinsip keterbukaan yang diatur di dalam UU Pasar Modal.Baca juga: Status Hibah Tanah untuk CSRDinamisnya perkembangan regulasi seringkali menjadi tantangan Anda dalam memenuhi kewajiban hukum perusahaan. Selalu perbarui kewajiban hukum terkini dengan platform pemantauan kepatuhan hukum dari Hukumonline yang berbasis Artificial Intelligence, Regulatory Compliance System (RCS). Klik di sini untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut.Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat.DASAR HUKUMKitab Undang-Undang Hukum PerdataUndang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1960 tentang Peraturan Dasar Pokok-pokok AgrariaUndang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1995 tentang Pasar ModalUndang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan TerbatasPeraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta KerjaUndang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2023 tentang Pengembangan dan Penguatan Sektor KeuanganPeraturan Pemerintah Nomor 38 Tahun 1963 tentang Penunjukan Badan-badan Hukum yang Dapat Mempunyai Hak Milik atas Tanah;Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 Tahun 1997 tentang Pendaftaran TanahPeraturan Menteri Negara Agraria/Kepala BPN Nomor 3 Tahun 1997 tentang Ketentuan Pelaksanaan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 Tahun 1997 tentang Pendaftaran TanahPeraturan Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional Nomor 8 Tahun 2012 tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Menteri Negara Agraria/Kepala BPN Nomor 3 Tahun 1997 tentang Ketentuan Pelaksanaan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 Tahun 1997 tentang Pendaftaran TanahPeraturan Menteri Agraria Dan Tata Ruang/Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional Nomor 7 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan Kedua Atas Peraturan Menteri Negara Agraria/Kepala BPN Nomor 3 Tahun 1997 tentang Ketentuan Pelaksanaan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 Tahun 1997 tentang Pendaftaran TanahPeraturan Menteri Agraria Dan Tata Ruang/Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional Nomor 16 Tahun 2021 tentang Perubahan Ketiga Atas Peraturan Menteri Negara Agraria/Kepala BPN Nomor 3 Tahun 1997 tentang Ketentuan Pelaksanaan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 Tahun 1997 tentang Pendaftaran TanahPeraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 22/POJK.04/2019 Tahun 2019 tentang Transaksi Efek[1] Pasal 1687 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata (“KUH Perdata”)[2] Pasal 1682 KUH Perdata[3] Pasal 109 angka 1 Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja (“Perppu 2/2022”) yang mengubah Pasal 1 angka 1 Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas (“UU PT”)[4] Pasal 1 angka 22 Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 22/POJK.04/2019 Tahun 2019 tentang Transaksi Efek (“POJK 22/2019”)[5] Pasal 1 angka 21 POJK 22/2019[6] Pasal 22 angka 1 Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2023 tentang Pengembangan dan Penguatan Sektor Keuangan (“UU 4/2023”) yang mengubah Pasal 1 angka 24 Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1995 tentang Pasar Modal (“UU Pasar Modal”)[7] Pasal Pasal 22 angka 1 UU 4/2023 yang mengubah Pasal 1 angka 7 UU Pasar Modal[8] Pasal 21 Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1960 tentang Peraturan Dasar Pokok-Pokok Agaria (“UU PA”) jo.  Pasal 1 Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 38 Tahun 1963 tentang Penunjukan Badan-badan Hukum yang Dapat Mempunyai Hak Milik atas Tanah[9] Pasal 35 ayat (3) UU PD[10] Pasal 37 ayat (1) Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 Tahun 1997 tentang Pendaftaran Tanah (“PP Pendaftaran Tanah”)[11] Pasal 37 ayat (1) jo. Pasal 38 ayat (1)  PP Pendaftaran TanahTagsemitenhak atas tanahhibahperseroanperseroan terbatastanahuu perseroan terbatas
Apakah perseroan terbatas (PT), termasuk emiten, dapat melakukan hibah dalam bentuk apapun, termasuk tanah, kepada pihak lain, termasuk PT lain (baik yang memiliki relasi maupun tidak memiliki relasi)? Mohon dapat dijelaskan dapat atau tidaknya dilakukan transaksi tersebut dengan dasar hukumnya. Apabila dapat dilakukan, bagaimana prosesnya yang benar berdasarkan hukum serta dasar hukumnya?
Perseroan terbatas (“PT”) termasuk emiten pada dasarnya dapat melakukan hibah dalam bentuk apapun, termasuk tanah, kepada pihak lain termasuk PT lain baik yang memiliki relasi maupun tidak memiliki relasi sepanjang memenuhi ketentuan hibah dan ketentuan lain yang berkaitan. Apa saja ketentuan mengenai hibah oleh PT dan emiten tersebut? Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Syarat dan Prosedur Hibah Saham11 Okt 2022Hibah Lisan dan Hibah Tertulis, Lebih Kuat yang Mana?07 Jun 2022Status Hibah Tanah untuk CSR17 Jan 2022Simak! 2 Langkah Hibah Tanah dan Bangunan ke Keluarga22 Jan 2021Syarat dan Prosedur Hibah Saham11 Okt 2022Hibah Lisan dan Hibah Tertulis, Lebih Kuat yang Mana?07 Jun 2022Status Hibah Tanah untuk CSR17 Jan 2022Simak! 2 Langkah Hibah Tanah dan Bangunan ke Keluarga22 Jan 2021Dasar Hukum Poligami di Indonesia dan Prosedurnya1 Nov 2023Mau Melaporkan Tindak Pidana ke Polisi? Begini Prosedurnya21 Des 2022Hal-hal yang Harus Disiapkan Jika Pindah KPR Bank6 Mei 2024Dasar Hukum Poligami di Indonesia dan Prosedurnya1 Nov 2023Mau Melaporkan Tindak Pidana ke Polisi? Begini Prosedurnya21 Des 2022Hal-hal yang Harus Disiapkan Jika Pindah KPR Bank6 Mei 2024
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/bisakah-pt-dan-emiten-melakukan-hibah-tanah-lt6414276f2f2c8/
Bisakah PT dan Emiten Melakukan Hibah Tanah?
pages/155/page-1.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Pengertian dan Syarat Hibah** ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Syarat dan Prosedur Hibah Saham ](/klinik/a/syarat-dan-prosedur-hibah-saham-cl479/) ![Syarat dan Prosedur Hibah Saham](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/cl479/thumbnail_lt635640db64410.jpg) 11 Okt 2022 [ #### Hibah Lisan dan Hibah Tertulis, Lebih Kuat yang Mana? ](/klinik/a/hibah-lisan-dan-hibah-tertulis-lebih-kuat-yang-mana-lt629e8a46550cd/) ![Hibah Lisan dan Hibah Tertulis, Lebih Kuat yang Mana?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt629e8a46550cd/thumbnail_lt629f074c72f6e.jpg) 07 Jun 2022 [ #### Status Hibah Tanah untuk CSR ](/klinik/a/status-hibah-tanah-untuk-csr-lt619b1d9e4ef1f/) ![Status Hibah Tanah untuk CSR](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt619b1d9e4ef1f/thumbnail_lt61e543945ce39.jpg) 17 Jan 2022 [ #### Simak! 2 Langkah Hibah Tanah dan Bangunan ke Keluarga ](/klinik/a/simak-2-langkah-hibah-tanah-dan-bangunan-ke-keluarga-lt51e582b1ad14c/) ![Simak! 2 Langkah Hibah Tanah dan Bangunan ke Keluarga](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt51e582b1ad14c/thumbnail_lt600ac2771c54d.jpg) 22 Jan 2021 [](#!) Pengertian hibah pada dasarnya adalah pemberian dari seseorang semasa hidupnya kepada orang lain. Mengenai apa yang dimaksud dengan hibah dapat dilihat dalam **Pasal 1666** [**KUH Perdata**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17229/node/686?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHPerdata) yang berbunyi: _Penghibahan adalah suatu persetujuan dengan mana seorang penghibah menyerahkan suatu barang secara cuma-cuma, tanpa dapat menariknya kembali, untuk kepentingan seseorang yang menerima penyerahan barang itu. Undang-undang hanya mengakui penghibahan-penghibahan antara orang-orang yang masih hidup._ Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Adapun syarat-syarat hibah diatur di dalam **Pasal 1667 – 1670, 1682, dan 1683 KUH Perdata.** Secara lebih sederhana, **R. Subekti** dalam buku _Syarat Sahnya Hibah_ sebagaimana dikutip dalam artikel [**Syarat dan Prosedur Hibah Saham**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/syarat-dan-prosedur-hibah-saham-cl479?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=syarat_dan_prosedur_hibah_saham) menjelaskan syarat-syarat hibah yaitu: 1. Penerima hibah sudah dewasa dan cakap melakukan tindakan hukum; 2. Pemberi hibah memiliki harta atau barang yang sudah ada untuk dihibahkan; 3. Pemberi hibah dan penerima hibah bukan merupakan suami-istri dalam suatu perkawinan; 4. Penerima hibah harus ada pada saat penghibahan terjadi; 5. Penghibah tidak boleh menjanjikan bahwa ia tetap berkuasa untuk menggunakan hak miliknya atas barang yang dihibahkan itu. Penghibahan yang demikian sekedar mengenai barang itu dipandang sebagai tidak sah; 6. Suatu penghibahan adalah batal jika dilakukan dengan memuat syarat bahwa penerima hibah akan melunasi utang atau beban-beban lain di samping apa yang dinyatakan dalam akta hibah itu sendiri atau dalam daftar dilampirkan; 7. Penghibah boleh memberikan syarat-syarat untuk menguasai barang hibah. Selanjutnya, perlu kami sampaikan bahwa pada dasarnya hibah sah dan akibatnya berlaku bagi para pihak jika penerima hibah telah menerima dengan tegas pemberian tersebut. Hal ini diatur dalam **Pasal 1683 _jo._ Pasal 1682 KUH Perdata.** Terhadap hibah atas benda-benda bergerak yang berwujud atau surat piutang yang akan dibayar atas tunduk, tidak memerlukan akta notaris dan adalah sah bila pemberian tersebut diserahkan begitu saja kepada penerima hibah atau kepada orang lain yang menerima hibah itu untuk diteruskan kepada penerima hibah.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Selain ketentuan tersebut maka berlaku akta notaris.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) ### **Hibah oleh Perseroan dan Emiten** [Perseroan Terbatas](https://www.hukumonline.com/kamus/p/perseroan-terbatas) ("PT”) adalah **badan hukum** yang merupakan persekutuan modal, didirikan berdasarkan perjanjian, melakukan kegiatan usaha dengan modal dasar yang seluruhnya terbagi dalam saham atau badan hukum perorangan yang memenuhi kriteria usaha mikro dan kecil sebagaimana diatur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan mengenai usaha mikro dan kecil.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Adapun yang dimaksud **emiten adalah pihak yang melakukan penawaran umum**.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) Penawaran umum adalah kegiatan penawaran efek yang dilakukan oleh emiten untuk menjual efek kepada masyarakat berdasarkan tata cara yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang mengenai pasar modal dan peraturan pelaksanaannya.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) Lantas bolehkah perseroan dan emiten melakukan hibah? Salah satu jenis hibah yang dapat dilakukan oleh perseroan terbatas dan emiten adalah hibah saham. Mengutip artikel [**Syarat dan Prosedur Hibah Saham**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/syarat-dan-prosedur-hibah-saham-cl479?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=syarat_dan_prosedur_hibah_saham), diketahui bahwa **saham merupakan benda bergerak** yang dapat dihibahkan dengan syarat dan prosedur tertentu. Adapun, terkait dengan emiten, sepanjang penelusuran kami, ketentuan yang secara tegas mengatur mengenai hibah oleh emiten termaktub dalam **Pasal 2 ayat (2) huruf c** [**POJK 22/2019**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5d8490b22fcab/peraturan-otoritas-jasa-keuangan-nomor-22-pojk04-2019-tahun-2019?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pojk_22_2019) yang menerangkan bahwa salah satu jenis transaksi efek yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan hibah atau hibah wasiat. Artinya, salah satu jenis hibah yang dapat dilakukan oleh emiten adalah hibah efek. Lalu apakah perseroan termasuk emiten dapat melakukan hibah dalam bentuk lain? Sepanjang penelusuran kami, sebuah perseroan termasuk emiten dapat melakukan hibah dalam bentuk apapun, kepada pihak lain termasuk PT lain baik yang memiliki relasi maupun tidak memiliki relasi, karena pada dasarnya hibah sah dan akibatnya berlaku bagi para pihak jika penerima hibah telah menerima dengan tegas pemberian tersebut, hal ini sebagaimana diatur berdasarkan ketentuan **Pasal 1683 KUHPerdata****.** Sementara, emiten ketika melakukan perbuatan hukum termasuk hibah, hendaklah berpatokan dengan prinsip keterbukaan. Prinsip keterbukaan adalah pedoman umum yang yang mensyaratkan emiten, perusahaan publik, dan pihak lain yang tunduk pada [**UU Pasar Modal**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/12421/undangundang-nomor-8-tahun-1995?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_8_1995) untuk menginformasikan kepada masyarakat dalam waktu yang tepat seluruh informasi material mengenai usahanya atau efeknya yang dapat berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pemodal atau investor terhadap efek yang dimaksud dan/atau harga dari efek tersebut.[\[6\]](#_ftn6) Adapun yang dimaksud dengan informasi atau fakta material adalah informasi atau fakta penting dan relevan mengenai peristiwa, kejadian, atau fakta yang dapat mempengaruhi penilaian atas harga efek dan keputusan investor, calon investor, dan pihak lain yang berkepentingan.[\[7\]](#_ftn7) Artinya, ketika emiten melakukan suatu tindakan hukum, termasuk hibah dalam bentuk apapun, dapat dilakukan sepanjang sesuai dengan prinsip keterbukaan sebagaimana diatur di dalam UU Pasar Modal. Karena, apa yang dilakukan oleh emiten akan mempengaruhi keputusan investor. ### **Bisakah PT dan Emiten Melakukan Hibah Tanah?** Lalu, terhadap hibah tanah, PT atau emiten pada dasarnya tidak termasuk pihak yang dapat memiliki hak milik atas tanah.[\[8\]](#_ftn8) Sehingga, kami asumsikan bahwa tanah yang akan dihibahkan tersebut berstatus hak guna bangunan (“HGB”). HGB pada dasarnya dapat beralih dan dialihkan kepada pihak lain.[\[9\]](#_ftn9) Adapun peralihan hak atas tanah dapat dilakukan melalui jual beli, tukar menukar, **hibah**, pemasukan dalam perusahaan dan perbuatan hukum pemindahan hak lainnya.[\[10\]](#_ftn10) Adapun, mekanisme hibah HGB, selain sesuai dengan syarat hibah sebagaimana ditentukan dalam KUH Perdata yang disebutkan di atas, juga harus dituangkan dalam akta yang dibuat oleh dan di hadapan Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (“PPAT”) dan dihadiri oleh para pihak beserta sekurang-kurangnya 2 orang saksi.[\[11\]](#_ftn11) Selanjutnya, **Pasal 40 ayat (1) dan ayat (2)** [**PP Pendaftaran Tanah**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/11693/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-24-tahun-1997?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_24_1997) mengatur bahwa selambat-lambatnya 7 hari kerja sejak tanggal ditandatanganinya akta yang bersangkutan, PPAT wajib menyampaikan akta yang dibuatnya berikut dokumen-dokumen yang bersangkutan kepada Kantor Pertanahan untuk didaftar. PPAT juga wajib menyampaikan pemberitahuan tertulis mengenai telah disampaikannya akta tersebut kepada para pihak yang bersangkutan. Mengenai jenis, persiapan, dan pelaksanaan pembuatan akta PPAT diatur di dalam dalam **Pasal 95 – 106** [**Permen Agraria/Kepala BPN 3/1997**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/28178/peraturan-menteri-negara-agrariakepala-bpn-nomor-3-tahun-1997/?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=permen_agraria_bpn_3_1997) dan perubahannya. Dengan demikian, menjawab pertanyaan Anda, PT dan emiten pada dasarnya dapat melakukan hibah dalam bentuk apapun kepada pihak lain termasuk PT lain baik yang memiliki relasi mkliniaupun tidak memiliki relasi, termasuk hibah tanah sesuai dengan syarat hibah dan ketentuan mengenai pengalihan hak atas tanah seperti HGB. Khusus untuk emiten, hibah yang dilakukan harus memenuhi prinsip keterbukaan yang diatur di dalam UU Pasar Modal. Baca juga: [**Status Hibah Tanah untuk CSR**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/status-hibah-tanah-untuk-csr-lt619b1d9e4ef1f#_ftn12?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=Status_Hibah_Tanah_untuk_CSR) Dinamisnya perkembangan regulasi seringkali menjadi tantangan Anda dalam memenuhi kewajiban hukum perusahaan. Selalu perbarui kewajiban hukum terkini dengan platform pemantauan kepatuhan hukum dari Hukumonline yang berbasis _Artificial Intelligence_, Regulatory Compliance System (RCS). Klik [**di sini**](https://rcs.hukumonline.com/?utm_source=Google&utm_medium=Banner&utm_campaign=RCSKlinikHukum-LandingPage) untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut. Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17229/node/686?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHPerdata) Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1960 tentang Peraturan Dasar Pokok-pokok Agraria [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/249/nprt/6/uu-no-5-tahun-1960-peraturan-dasar-pokok-pokok-agraria#dokumen?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_5_1960) Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1995 tentang Pasar Modal [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/12421/undangundang-nomor-8-tahun-1995?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_8_1995) Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26940/undangundang-nomor-40-tahun-2007?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_40_2007) Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022) Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2023 tentang Pengembangan dan Penguatan Sektor Keuangan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63c23d76b51e4?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_4_2023) Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 38 Tahun 1963 tentang Penunjukan Badan-badan Hukum yang Dapat Mempunyai Hak Milik atas Tanah; [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/25469/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-38-tahun-1963?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=PP_38_1963) Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 Tahun 1997 tentang Pendaftaran Tanah [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/11693/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-24-tahun-1997?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_24_1997) Peraturan Menteri Negara Agraria/Kepala BPN Nomor 3 Tahun 1997 tentang Ketentuan Pelaksanaan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 Tahun 1997 tentang Pendaftaran Tanah [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/28178/peraturan-menteri-negara-agrariakepala-bpn-nomor-3-tahun-1997/?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=permen_agraria_bpn_3_1997) Peraturan Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional Nomor 8 Tahun 2012 tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Menteri Negara Agraria/Kepala BPN Nomor 3 Tahun 1997 tentang Ketentuan Pelaksanaan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 Tahun 1997 tentang Pendaftaran Tanah [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt50ee8759ed89aa?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perka_BPN_8_2012) Peraturan Menteri Agraria Dan Tata Ruang/Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional Nomor 7 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan Kedua Atas Peraturan Menteri Negara Agraria/Kepala BPN Nomor 3 Tahun 1997 tentang Ketentuan Pelaksanaan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 Tahun 1997 tentang Pendaftaran Tanah [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5d525a4bda89f?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=permen_atr_bpn_7_2019) Peraturan Menteri Agraria Dan Tata Ruang/Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional Nomor 16 Tahun 2021 tentang Perubahan Ketiga Atas Peraturan Menteri Negara Agraria/Kepala BPN Nomor 3 Tahun 1997 tentang Ketentuan Pelaksanaan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 Tahun 1997 tentang Pendaftaran Tanah [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt61307ee93a3e11?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=permen_atr_bpn_16_2021) Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 22/POJK.04/2019 Tahun 2019 tentang Transaksi Efek [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5d8490b22fcab/peraturan-otoritas-jasa-keuangan-nomor-22-pojk04-2019-tahun-2019?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pojk_22_2019) * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Pasal 1687 [Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17229/node/686?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHPerdata) (“KUH Perdata”) [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal 1682 KUH Perdata [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 109 angka 1 [Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022) (“Perppu 2/2022”) yang mengubah Pasal 1 angka 1 [Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26940/undangundang-nomor-40-tahun-2007?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_40_2007) (“UU PT”) [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 1 angka 22 [Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 22/POJK.04/2019 Tahun 2019 tentang Transaksi Efek](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5d8490b22fcab/peraturan-otoritas-jasa-keuangan-nomor-22-pojk04-2019-tahun-2019?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pojk_22_2019) (“POJK 22/2019”) [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Pasal 1 angka 21 POJK 22/2019 [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Pasal 22 angka 1 [Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2023 tentang Pengembangan dan Penguatan Sektor Keuangan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63c23d76b51e4?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_4_2023) (“UU 4/2023”) yang mengubah Pasal 1 angka 24 [Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1995 tentang Pasar Modal](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/12421/undangundang-nomor-8-tahun-1995?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_8_1995) (“UU Pasar Modal”) [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Pasal Pasal 22 angka 1 UU 4/2023 yang mengubah Pasal 1 angka 7 UU Pasar Modal [\[8\]](#_ftnref8) Pasal 21 [Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1960 tentang Peraturan Dasar Pokok-Pokok Agaria](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/249/nprt/6/uu-no-5-tahun-1960-peraturan-dasar-pokok-pokok-agraria#dokumen?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_5_1960) (“UU PA”) _jo._  Pasal 1 [Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 38 Tahun 1963 tentang Penunjukan Badan-badan Hukum yang Dapat Mempunyai Hak Milik atas Tanah](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/25469/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-38-tahun-1963?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=PP_38_1963) [\[9\]](#_ftnref9) Pasal 35 ayat (3) UU PD [\[10\]](#_ftnref10) Pasal 37 ayat (1) [Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 Tahun 1997 tentang Pendaftaran Tanah](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/11693/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-24-tahun-1997?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_24_1997) (“PP Pendaftaran Tanah”) [\[11\]](#_ftnref11) Pasal 37 ayat (1) _jo._ Pasal 38 ayat (1)  PP Pendaftaran Tanah Tags ---- [emiten](/tag/emiten) [hak atas tanah](/tag/hak-atas-tanah) [hibah](/tag/hibah) [perseroan](/tag/perseroan) [perseroan terbatas](/tag/perseroan-terbatas) [tanah](/tag/tanah) [uu perseroan terbatas](/tag/uu-perseroan-terbatas)
ULASAN LENGKAPThis article is an English translation of Sudah Beli Tiket Konser Tapi Tak Dapat Kursi, Tempuh Upaya Ini written by Nafiatul Munawaroh, S.H., M.H, and was published on Wednesday, 15 March 2023. All legal information available on Klinik hukumonline.com has been prepared for educational purposes only and is general in nature (read the complete Disclaimer). In order to obtain legal advice specific to your case, please consult with Justika Partner Consultant.Responsibilities of the Promoter If the Performance Are Not Fulfilled Before we answer your question, regarding the audience who has purchased concert tickets but is unable to secure seats, it is important that we clarify what a promoter is. A promoter or promotor in Bahasa Indonesia, according to the official dictionary of the Indonesian language (Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia/ “KBBI”), is a person who is an advocate or booster of a business (movement and so forth). In the context of music performances or concerts, we assume that the promoter is the party organizing the concert, including the one who is responsible for managing the audience seats.A music concert promoter is a business actor who is any individual or business entity, both in the form of legal entities and non-legal entities, established and domiciled or conducts activities within the jurisdiction of the Republic of Indonesia, both individually and jointly through an agreement to carry out a business activity in various economic sectors.[1]Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Meanwhile, consumers who purchase concert tickets, are any person who uses goods and/or services available in the community, either for the interests of themselves, families, other persons, or other living organisms and not for trading.[2]When an audience purchases K-POP concert tickets or music concert tickets, and a seat number is printed on the ticket for the audience to occupy, then it has become the obligation of the promoter to provide a seat in accordance with the "promise" in the ticket.Every audience as a consumer according to Law 8/1999 the right to choose goods and/or services as well as to obtain said goods and/or services in accordance with the promised exchange rate, condition, and guarantee.[3]If the goods and/or services received by consumers are not in accordance with the agreement or not as they should be, then the consumer has the right to obtain compensation, indemnity, and/or replacement.[4]Hence, what is the responsibility of concert promoters to fulfill the rights of the audience? Business actors or promoters according to Law 8/1999 have the obligation to act in good faith in conducting their business activities.[5] If the goods and/or services received or utilized are not in accordance with the agreement, business actors have to provide compensation, indemnity, and/or replacement.[6]Thus, if the audience has paid for a concert ticket with the seat number promised by the promoter, then the promoter must provide a seat according to the seat number listed on the ticket. If the promoter does not fulfill its performance, namely providing audience seats in accordance with the ones listed on the tickets, so that the audience does not get a seat, the promoter must provide compensation, indemnity, and/or reimbursement.Actions That Can Be Taken by the AudienceAudiences who feel aggrieved by the actions of the promoter who does not provide seats as promised in the ticket may take the following non-litigation or litigation steps.Complaining to the Consumer Dispute Settlement AgencyOne of the legal remedies that can be taken by the audience is to file consumer disputes to the Consumer Dispute Settlement Agency (Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen/ “BPSK”), which has the authority to settle consumer disputes outside of the court.[7]In the context of the handling of consumer disputes, BPSK has the duties and authorities to handle and settle consumer disputes through mediation, arbitration, or conciliation as well as to receive written and unwritten complaints regarding violations of consumer protection.[8]In order to handle and settle consumer disputes, the BPSK shall establish a panel of at least 3 members and its decision shall be final and binding.[9] For the decision of BPSK, business actors must implement it for a maximum of 7 days after receiving the decision.[10]If the parties are not satisfied with the decision of BPSK, then the parties may file an objection to the District Court for a maximum of 4 days after receiving the notification of the said decision.[11]It should be noted that decisions of BPSK which are final and binding shall be requested for an execution ruling to the District Court in the domicile of the consumer who suffered losses.[12]Suing the PromoterIn addition to going through the non-litigation method, the audience or consumers may file a lawsuit to the District Court. As for the basis of the lawsuit, quoting from the article entitled Concert Cancelled, Can Tickets Be Fully Refunded? may take the form of unlawful acts based on violations of consumer rights and obligations of business actors under the Consumer Protection Law.The same article also states that the basis for a lawsuit can also use a default if it is based on a non-fulfillment of achievement/performance. In the context of an audience who is unable to obtain a seat, because the promoter does not provide it properly, an achievement that is not implemented by the promoter is the availability of a seat stated in the ticket which has been paid for by the audience.Therefore, based on the information you submitted that there were more than one audience who was unable to secure a seat, then as information, Law 8/1999 acknowledged the existence of a class action.[13] Thus, the aggrieved audience may sue individually or through a class action.[14] For details, you may read Class Action: Requirements and Procedures.These are the answers we can provide, we hope you will find them useful.Legal Basis:Law Number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection.Reference:Promotor, accessed on Wednesday, 15 March 2023, at 08.43 West Indonesian Time (zone).[1] Article 1 number 3 Law Number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection (“Law 8/1999”).[2] Article 1 number 2 Law 8/1999. [3] Article 4 letter b Law 8/1999. [4] Article 4 letter h Law 8/1999. [5] Article 7 letter a Law 8/1999. [6] Article 7 letter g Law 8/1999. [7] Article 49 section (1) Law 8/1999. [8] Article 52 letter a and e Law 8/1999. [9] Article 54 Law 8/1999. [10] Article 56 section (1) Law 8/1999. [11] Article 56 section (2) Law 8/1999. [12] Article 57 Law 8/1999. [13] Elucidation to Article 46 section (1) letter b Law 8/1999. [14] Article 46 section (1) letter a and b Law 8/1999. Tagsklinik english edition
A few days ago, the K-POP concert which was held in Jakarta went viral. However, several audiences have complained on social media that they purchased concert tickets for around IDR 3 million, but when they arrived at the venue they are unable to secure a seat. On the ticket, the number of seats that can be secured by the audience is printed, but at the location, these seat numbers are not available. The audience in question has submitted a complaint to the promoter but did not receive a solution. Finally, they were asked to watch the concert by sitting on the guardrail or squatting because they could not get a chair. What is the responsibility of the promoter for this matter? What can the audience do?
Concert promoters as business actors must fulfill their 'promise', such as providing seats for the audience as stated in the ticket. If the said promise is not fulfilled, the promoter must provide compensation, indemnity, and/or replacement. So, what are the legal remedies that can be taken by the audience of K-POP concerts or music concerts who is unable to secure the seats as promised in the tickets? Please read the review below for a further explanation. Jika Polisi Menolak Laporan Masyarakat, Lakukan Ini15 Jan 2024Cara Menghitung Pembebasan Bersyarat bagi Narapidana3 Agu 2022Tips Agar Terhindar dari Jebakan Saham Gorengan15 Agu 2023Jika Polisi Menolak Laporan Masyarakat, Lakukan Ini15 Jan 2024Cara Menghitung Pembebasan Bersyarat bagi Narapidana3 Agu 2022Tips Agar Terhindar dari Jebakan Saham Gorengan15 Agu 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/purchased-concert-tickets-but-no-seat-available-take-these-actions-lt64131a5b6af8a/
Purchased Concert Tickets but No Seat Available, Take These Actions
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- This article is an English translation of [**_Sudah Beli Tiket Konser Tapi Tak Dapat Kursi, Tempuh Upaya Ini_**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/sudah-beli-tiket-konser-tapi-tak-dapat-kursi-tempuh-upaya-ini-lt641197341e0d7?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=sudah_beli_tiket_konser_tak_dapat_kursi) written by [**Nafiatul Munawaroh, S.H., M.H**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/nafiatul-munawaroh--sh--mh-lt627b7907691c3), and was published on Wednesday, 15 March 2023. All legal information available on Klinik hukumonline.com has been prepared for educational purposes only and is general in nature (read the complete [**Disclaimer**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer)). In order to obtain legal advice specific to your case, please consult with [**Justika Partner Consultant**](https://www.justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Responsibilities of the Promoter If the Performance Are Not Fulfilled** Before we answer your question, regarding the audience who has purchased concert tickets but is unable to secure seats, it is important that we clarify what a promoter is. A promoter or [**_promotor_**](https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/promotor) in _Bahasa Indonesia_, according to the official dictionary of the Indonesian language (Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia/ “KBBI”), is a person who is an advocate or booster of a business (movement and so forth). In the context of music performances or concerts, we assume that the promoter is the party organizing the concert, including the one who is responsible for managing the audience seats. A music concert promoter is a business actor who is any individual or business entity, both in the form of legal entities and non-legal entities, established and domiciled or conducts activities within the jurisdiction of the Republic of Indonesia, both individually and jointly through an agreement to carry out a business activity in various economic sectors.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Meanwhile, consumers who purchase concert tickets, are any person who uses goods and/or services available in the community, either for the interests of themselves, families, other persons, or other living organisms and not for trading.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) When an audience purchases K-POP concert tickets or music concert tickets, and a seat number is printed on the ticket for the audience to occupy, then it has become the obligation of the promoter to provide a seat in accordance with the "promise" in the ticket. Every audience as a consumer according to [**Law 8/1999**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/447/undangundang-nomor-8-tahun-1999/translations?utm_medium=internal_link_klinik) the right to choose goods and/or services as well as to obtain said goods and/or services in accordance with the promised exchange rate, condition, and guarantee.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) If the goods and/or services received by consumers are not in accordance with the agreement or not as they should be, then the consumer has the right to obtain compensation, indemnity, and/or replacement.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) Hence, what is the responsibility of concert promoters to fulfill the rights of the audience? Business actors or promoters according to Law 8/1999 have the obligation to act in good faith in conducting their business activities.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) If the goods and/or services received or utilized are not in accordance with the agreement, business actors have to provide compensation, indemnity, and/or replacement.[\[6\]](#_ftn6) Thus, if the audience has paid for a concert ticket with the seat number promised by the promoter, then the promoter must provide a seat according to the seat number listed on the ticket. If the promoter does not fulfill its performance, namely providing audience seats in accordance with the ones listed on the tickets, so that the audience does not get a seat, the promoter must provide compensation, indemnity, and/or reimbursement. ### **Actions That Can Be Taken by the Audience** Audiences who feel aggrieved by the actions of the promoter who does not provide seats as promised in the ticket may take the following non-litigation or litigation steps. 1. **Complaining to the Consumer Dispute Settlement Agency** One of the legal remedies that can be taken by the audience is to file consumer disputes to the Consumer Dispute Settlement Agency (Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen/ “BPSK”), which has the authority to settle consumer disputes outside of the court.[\[7\]](#_ftn7) In the context of the handling of consumer disputes, BPSK has the duties and authorities to handle and settle consumer disputes through mediation, arbitration, or conciliation as well as to receive written and unwritten complaints regarding violations of consumer protection.[\[8\]](#_ftn8) In order to handle and settle consumer disputes, the BPSK shall establish a panel of at least 3 members and its decision shall be final and binding.[\[9\]](#_ftn9) For the decision of BPSK, business actors must implement it for a maximum of 7 days after receiving the decision.[\[10\]](#_ftn10) If the parties are not satisfied with the decision of BPSK, then the parties may file an objection to the District Court for a maximum of 4 days after receiving the notification of the said decision.[\[11\]](#_ftn11) It should be noted that decisions of BPSK which are final and binding shall be requested for an execution ruling to the District Court in the domicile of the consumer who suffered losses.[\[12\]](#_ftn12) 2. **Suing the Promoter** In addition to going through the non-litigation method, the audience or consumers may file a lawsuit to the District Court. As for the basis of the lawsuit, quoting from the article entitled [**Concert Cancelled, Can Tickets Be Fully Refunded?**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/konser-batal-bisakah-uang-tiket-di-refund-penuh-lt4f702a027cdda/#!?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=konser_batal) may take the form of **unlawful acts** based on violations of consumer rights and obligations of business actors under the Consumer Protection Law. The same article also states that the basis for a lawsuit can also use a **default** if it is based on a non-fulfillment of achievement/performance. In the context of an audience who is unable to obtain a seat, because the promoter does not provide it properly, an achievement that is not implemented by the promoter is the availability of a seat stated in the ticket which has been paid for by the audience. Therefore, based on the information you submitted that there were more than one audience who was unable to secure a seat, then as information, Law 8/1999 acknowledged the existence of a class action.[\[13\]](#_ftn13) Thus, the aggrieved audience may sue individually or through a class action.[\[14\]](#_ftn14) For details, you may read [**Class Action: Requirements and Procedures**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/gugatan-kelompok-atau-iclass-action-i--syarat-dan-prosedurnya-cl2436?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=gugatan_kelompok). These are the answers we can provide, we hope you will find them useful. Legal Basis: [Law Number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/447/undangundang-nomor-8-tahun-1999/translations?utm_medium=internal_link_klinik). Reference: [_Promotor_](https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/promotor), accessed on Wednesday, 15 March 2023, at 08.43 West Indonesian Time (zone). * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Article 1 number 3 [Law Number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/447/undangundang-nomor-8-tahun-1999/translations?utm_medium=internal_link_klinik) (“Law 8/1999”). [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Article 1 number 2 Law 8/1999.  [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Article 4 letter b Law 8/1999.  [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Article 4 letter h Law 8/1999.  [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Article 7 letter a Law 8/1999.  [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Article 7 letter g Law 8/1999.  [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Article 49 section (1) Law 8/1999.  [\[8\]](#_ftnref8) Article 52 letter a and e Law 8/1999.  [\[9\]](#_ftnref9) Article 54 Law 8/1999.  [\[10\]](#_ftnref10) Article 56 section (1) Law 8/1999.  [\[11\]](#_ftnref11) Article 56 section (2) Law 8/1999.  [\[12\]](#_ftnref12) Article 57 Law 8/1999.  [\[13\]](#_ftnref13) Elucidation to Article 46 section (1) letter b Law 8/1999.  [\[14\]](#_ftnref14) Article 46 section (1) letter a and b Law 8/1999.  Tags ---- [klinik english edition](/tag/klinik-english-edition)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul sama yang pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Selasa, 16 Juni 2020. Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika. Hubungan Keperdataan Anak Luar KawinMenjawab pertanyaan Anda, terlebih dulu kami sampaikan bahwa anak luar kawin hanya memiliki hubungan keperdataan dengan ibu dan keluarga ibunya. Hal ini sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 43 ayat (1) UU Perkawinan dengan bunyi sebagai berikut.Anak yang dilahirkan di luar perkawinan hanya mempunyai hubungan perdata dengan ibunya dan keluarga ibunya.Akan tetapi, menurut Putusan MK No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 (hal. 37), Pasal 43 ayat (1) UU Perkawinan bertentangan dengan UUD 1945, sepanjang ayat tersebut dimaknai menghilangkan hubungan perdata dengan laki-laki yang dapat dibuktikan berdasarkan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi dan/atau alat bukti lain menurut hukum mempunyai hubungan darah sebagai ayahnya.Dengan demikian, anak luar kawin pada dasarnya tetap memiliki hubungan perdata dengan ayahnya, termasuk hubungan perdata dengan keluarga ayahnya, sepanjang dapat dibuktikan secara ilmiah dan/atau alat bukti lain. Akta Kelahiran Anak Luar Kawin Kemudian menyambung pernyataan Anda tentang akta kelahiran anak ibu, pada dasarnya, pencatatan kelahiran WNI di wilayah Indonesia harus memenuhi persyaratan:[1]surat keterangan kelahiran;buku nikah/kutipan akta perkawinan atau bukti lain yang sah;Kartu Keluarga; danKTP-el. Namun apabila syarat buku nikah/kutipan akta perkawinan atau bukti lain yang sah tidak dapat terpenuhi, dan status hubungan keluarga dalam Kartu Keluarga tidak menunjukkan status hubungan perkawinan suami istri, kelahiran dicatat dalam register akta kelahiran dan kutipan akta kelahiran sebagai anak seorang ibu.[2]Terkait pertanyaan Anda, dikutip dari artikel Pencantuman Kata "Bin/Binti" pada Nama Anak, peletakan nama bin (anak laki-laki) dan binti (anak perempuan) yang disertai dengan nama ayahnya setelah nama anaknya adalah sesuatu yang disyariatkan di dalam agama Islam.“Panggilah mereka (anak-anak angkat itu) dengan (memakai) nama bapak-bapak mereka.” (QS. Al Ahzab: 5).Masih dari artikel yang sama, dalam ayat itu, Allah meminta agar setiap anak dinisbatkan atau dihubungkan kepada ayahnya, tidak kepada ibunya.Dengan demikian, ketika seseorang dipanggil atau diseru ia juga dipanggil dengan, ”Wahai bin fulan (nama ayah)”, tidak “Wahai bin fulanah (nama ibu).”Sepanjang penelusuran kami, tidak ada peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengatur secara eksplisit mengenai penyebutan bin atau binti dalam pencatatan kelahiran di Indonesia. Perkawinan Anak Luar KawinTerkait perkawinan si anak, sebelumnya kami mengasumsikan perkawinan tersebut akan dilangsungkan menurut hukum Islam.Untuk itu, kami akan berpedoman pada Permenag 20/2019. Dalam Permenag tersebut, digunakan istilah pernikahan. Pencatatan pernikahan meliputi:[3]pendaftaran kehendak nikah;pemeriksaan kehendak nikah;pengumuman kehendak nikah;pelaksanaan pencatatan nikah; danpenyerahan Buku Nikah.Pendaftaran kehendak nikah dilakukan secara tertulis dengan mengisi formulir permohonan dan melampirkan dokumen. Salah satunya adalah fotokopi akta kelahiran atau surat keterangan kelahiran yang dikeluarkan oleh desa/kelurahan setempat.[4]Menurut hemat kami, akta kelahiran yang hanya mencantumkan nama ibu kandung tetap diakui dan dianggap sah sebagaimana diatur dalam Permendagri 108/2019 yang kami uraikan sebelumnya, dan seharusnya dapat digunakan dalam mendaftarkan kehendak nikah.Nantinya, Kepala Kantor Urusan Agama (“KUA”) Kecamatan/Penghulu/Pegawai Pencatat Nikah Luar Negeri (“PPN LN”) melakukan pemeriksaan terhadap dokumen nikah dengan menghadirkan calon suami, calon istri, dan wali, untuk memastikan ada atau tidak adanya halangan untuk menikah.[5]Di sisi lain, masalah yang Anda hadapi ini terkait erat dengan siapa yang dapat menjadi wali nikah, yang merupakan salah satu rukun nikah.[6]Wali atau yang mewakili berwenang melakukan ijab dalam akad nikah.[7] Wali nikah terdiri atas wali nasab dan wali hakim. Syarat wali nasab meliputi:[8]laki-laki;beragama Islam;baligh;berakal; danadil.Kemudian, wali nasab memiliki urutan:[9]bapak kandung;kakek (bapak dari bapak);bapak dari kakek (buyut);saudara laki-laki sebapak seibu;saudara laki-laki sebapak;anak laki-laki dari saudara laki-laki sebapak seibu;anak laki-laki dari saudara laki-laki sebapak;paman (saudara laki-laki bapak sebapak seibu);paman sebapak (saudara laki-laki bapak sebapak);anak paman sebapak seibu;anak paman sebapak;cucu paman sebapak seibu;cucu paman sebapak;paman bapak sebapak seibu;paman bapak sebapak;anak paman bapak sebapak seibu;anak paman bapak sebapak;Untuk melaksanakan ijab qabul pada saat akad nikah, wali nasab dapat mewakilkan kepada Kepala KUA Kecamatan/Penghulu/PPN LN/ Pembantu Pegawai Pencatat Nikah (PPPN), atau orang lain yang memenuhi syarat.[10]Namun apabila wali nasab tidak ada, akad nikah dilaksanakan dengan wali hakim, yang dijabat oleh Kepala KUA Kecamatan/PPN LN.[11]Wali hakim dapat bertindak sebagai wali, jika:[12]wali nasab tidak ada;walinya adhal;walinya tidak diketahui keberadaannya;walinya tidak dapat dihadirkan/ditemui karena dipenjara;wali nasab tidak ada yang beragama Islam;walinya dalam keadaan berihram; danwali yang akan menikahkan menjadi pengantin itu sendiri.Terkait wali nikah bagi anak luar kawin, menurut pendapat Kepala KUA Kecamatan Pademangan Jakarta Utara Abdul Syakur, proses ijab di dalam perkawinannya akan langsung dilaksanakan oleh wali hakim, yaitu Kepala KUA Kecamatan setempat.Sedangkan ayah kandungnya sendiri tidak dapat menjadi wali nasab, sekalipun memiliki hubungan darah. Nantinya, nama Kepala KUA Kecamatan setempat yang akan dicatat dalam kolom wali pada kutipan akta perkawinan.Jadi dapat disimpulkan, seorang anak perempuan luar kawin tetap dapat melangsungkan perkawinan. Adapun nama suami Anda yang bukan ayah kandung si anak tersebut tidak perlu dicantumkan, baik di akta kelahiran maupun pada kutipan akta perkawinan.Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwibahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut di sini.  Demikian jawaban dari kami terkait wali nikah bagi anak luar kawin sebagaimana ditanyakan, semoga bermanfaat. Dasar Hukum:Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan sebagaimana diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan;Peraturan Menteri Agama Nomor 20 Tahun 2019 tentang Pencatatan Pernikahan;Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 108 Tahun 2019 tentang Peraturan Pelaksanaan Peraturan Presiden Nomor 96 Tahun 2018 tentang Persyaratan dan Tata Cara Pendaftaran Penduduk dan Pencatatan Sipil. Putusan:Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 46/PUU-VIII/2010. Catatan:Kami telah melakukan wawancara dengan Kepala Kantor Urusan Agama Kecamatan Pademangan, H. Abdul Syakur, S.Ag via WhatsApp pada Senin, 15 Juni 2020, pukul 14.27 WIB.[1] Pasal 43 ayat (1) Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 108 Tahun 2019 tentang Peraturan Pelaksanaan Peraturan Presiden Nomor 96 Tahun 2018 tentang Persyaratan dan Tata Cara Pendaftaran Penduduk dan Pencatatan Sipil (“Permendagri 108/2019”)[2] Pasal 48 ayat (1) Permendagri 108/2019[3] Pasal 2 ayat (3) Peraturan Menteri Agama Nomor 20 Tahun 2019 tentang Pencatatan Pernikahan (”Permenag 20/2019”)[4] Pasal 4 ayat (1) huruf b Permenag 20/2019[5] Pasal 5 ayat (3) Permenag 20/2019[6] Pasal 10 ayat (2) huruf c Permenag 20/2019[7] Pasal 15 ayat (1) Permenag 20/2019[8] Pasal 12 ayat (1) dan (2) Permenag 20/2019[9] Pasal 12 ayat (3) Permenag 20/2019[10] Pasal 12 ayat (4) Permenag 20/2019[11] Pasal 13 ayat (1) dan (2) Permenag 20/2019[12] Pasal 14 ayat (3) Permenag 20/2019Tagsanak luar kawinhukum islamkompilasi hukum islamkuaperkawinanpernikahan
Saya hamil di luar nikah pada tahun 2008 dalam usia remaja. Saya memutuskan untuk tidak menikah dengan ayah dari anak saya tersebut dan terus melanjutkan sekolah. Anak saya mendapatkan akta kelahiran tanpa dicantumkan nama bapak, atau yang biasa disebut dengan 'Akta Kelahiran Anak Ibu'. Apakah suatu saat nanti anak saya dapat menikah di KUA, mengingat tidak ada nama ayah dalam akta kelahirannya yang berarti tidak ada 'Binti'? Apakah bisa 'Binti' menggunakan nama suami saya yang sekarang? Dan siapa yang akan menjadi wali nikah anak di luar nikah?
Anak Anda dapat diklasifikasikan sebagai anak luar kawin. Kelahirannya dicatat dalam kutipan akta kelahiran sebagai anak seorang ibu. Seorang anak perempuan luar kawin sendiri tetap dapat melangsungkan perkawinan. Adapun nama suami Anda yang bukan ayah kandung si anak tersebut tidak perlu dicantumkan, baik di akta kelahiran maupun pada kutipan akta perkawinan.   Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Jika Polisi Menolak Laporan Masyarakat, Lakukan Ini15 Jan 2024Mau Melaporkan Tindak Pidana ke Polisi? Begini Prosedurnya21 Des 2022Konversi Utang Jadi Setoran Saham, Ini Caranya14 Sep 2022Jika Polisi Menolak Laporan Masyarakat, Lakukan Ini15 Jan 2024Mau Melaporkan Tindak Pidana ke Polisi? Begini Prosedurnya21 Des 2022Konversi Utang Jadi Setoran Saham, Ini Caranya14 Sep 2022
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/wali-nikah-anak-luar-kawin-lt5edeb379dfec7/
Siapa yang Menjadi Wali Nikah bagi Anak Luar Kawin?
pages/155/page-3.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul sama yang pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Selasa, 16 Juni 2020.** Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika)**.** ### **Hubungan Keperdataan Anak Luar Kawin** Menjawab pertanyaan Anda, terlebih dulu kami sampaikan bahwa anak luar kawin hanya memiliki hubungan keperdataan dengan ibu dan keluarga ibunya. Hal ini sebagaimana diatur dalam **Pasal 43 ayat (1)** **[UU Perkawinan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26834/node/18?PHPSESSID=nqdd34kphgf116a8gq8tm1a4s5)** dengan bunyi sebagai berikut. _Anak yang dilahirkan di luar perkawinan hanya mempunyai hubungan perdata dengan ibunya dan keluarga ibunya_. Akan tetapi, menurut **[Putusan MK No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5ad96ea7cfc42/putusan-mahkamah-konstitusi-nomor-46-puu-viii-2010?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=MK_46_2010)** (hal. 37), Pasal 43 ayat (1) UU Perkawinan bertentangan dengan **[UUD 1945](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4ca2eb6dd2834/node/lt49c8ba3665987/uud-undang-undang-dasar-1945)**, sepanjang ayat tersebut dimaknai menghilangkan hubungan perdata dengan laki-laki yang dapat dibuktikan berdasarkan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi dan/atau alat bukti lain menurut hukum mempunyai hubungan darah sebagai ayahnya. Dengan demikian, anak luar kawin pada dasarnya tetap memiliki hubungan perdata dengan ayahnya, termasuk hubungan perdata dengan keluarga ayahnya, sepanjang dapat dibuktikan secara ilmiah dan/atau alat bukti lain. ### **Akta Kelahiran Anak Luar Kawin** Kemudian menyambung pernyataan Anda tentang akta kelahiran anak ibu, pada dasarnya, pencatatan kelahiran WNI di wilayah Indonesia harus memenuhi persyaratan:[\[1\]](#_ftn1) 1. surat keterangan kelahiran; 2. buku nikah/kutipan akta perkawinan atau bukti lain yang sah; 3. Kartu Keluarga; dan 4. KTP-el. Namun apabila syarat buku nikah/kutipan akta perkawinan atau bukti lain yang sah tidak dapat terpenuhi, dan status hubungan keluarga dalam Kartu Keluarga tidak menunjukkan status hubungan perkawinan suami istri, kelahiran dicatat dalam register akta kelahiran dan kutipan akta kelahiran sebagai anak seorang ibu.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Terkait pertanyaan Anda, dikutip dari artikel **[Pencantuman Kata "Bin/Binti" pada Nama Anak](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/pencatuman-kata-bin-binti-pada-nama-anak-lt55d3ee2f3e1e1?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=bin_binti)**, peletakan nama bin (anak laki-laki) dan **binti (anak perempuan) yang disertai dengan nama ayahnya** setelah nama anaknya adalah sesuatu yang disyariatkan di dalam agama Islam. _“Panggilah mereka (anak-anak angkat itu) dengan (memakai) nama bapak-bapak mereka.” (QS. Al Ahzab: 5)._ Masih dari artikel yang sama, dalam ayat itu, Allah meminta agar setiap anak dinisbatkan atau dihubungkan kepada ayahnya, tidak kepada ibunya. Dengan demikian, ketika seseorang dipanggil atau diseru ia juga dipanggil dengan, ”Wahai bin fulan (nama ayah)”, tidak “Wahai bin fulanah (nama ibu).” Sepanjang penelusuran kami, tidak ada peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengatur secara eksplisit mengenai penyebutan bin atau binti dalam pencatatan kelahiran di Indonesia. ### **Perkawinan Anak Luar Kawin** Terkait perkawinan si anak, sebelumnya kami mengasumsikan perkawinan tersebut akan dilangsungkan menurut hukum Islam. Untuk itu, kami akan berpedoman pada **[Permenag 20/2019](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5dba860d110ba)**. Dalam Permenag tersebut, digunakan istilah pernikahan. Pencatatan pernikahan meliputi:[\[3\]](#_ftn3) 1. pendaftaran kehendak nikah; 2. pemeriksaan kehendak nikah; 3. pengumuman kehendak nikah; 4. pelaksanaan pencatatan nikah; dan 5. penyerahan Buku Nikah. Pendaftaran kehendak nikah dilakukan secara tertulis dengan mengisi formulir permohonan dan melampirkan dokumen. Salah satunya adalah **fotokopi akta kelahiran** atau surat keterangan kelahiran yang dikeluarkan oleh desa/kelurahan setempat.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) Menurut hemat kami, akta kelahiran yang hanya mencantumkan nama ibu kandung tetap diakui dan dianggap sah sebagaimana diatur dalam Permendagri 108/2019 yang kami uraikan sebelumnya, dan seharusnya dapat digunakan dalam mendaftarkan kehendak nikah. Nantinya, Kepala Kantor Urusan Agama (“KUA”) Kecamatan/Penghulu/Pegawai Pencatat Nikah Luar Negeri (“PPN LN”) melakukan pemeriksaan terhadap dokumen nikah dengan menghadirkan calon suami, calon istri, dan wali, untuk memastikan ada atau tidak adanya halangan untuk menikah.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) Di sisi lain, masalah yang Anda hadapi ini terkait erat dengan siapa yang dapat menjadi wali nikah, yang merupakan salah satu rukun nikah.[\[6\]](#_ftn6) Wali atau yang mewakili berwenang melakukan ijab dalam akad nikah.[\[7\]](#_ftn7) Wali nikah terdiri atas wali nasab dan wali hakim. Syarat wali nasab meliputi:[\[8\]](#_ftn8) 1. laki-laki; 2. beragama Islam; 3. baligh; 4. berakal; dan 5. adil. Kemudian, wali nasab memiliki urutan:[\[9\]](#_ftn9) 1. bapak kandung; 2. kakek (bapak dari bapak); 3. bapak dari kakek (buyut); 4. saudara laki-laki sebapak seibu; 5. saudara laki-laki sebapak; 6. anak laki-laki dari saudara laki-laki sebapak seibu; 7. anak laki-laki dari saudara laki-laki sebapak; 8. paman (saudara laki-laki bapak sebapak seibu); 9. paman sebapak (saudara laki-laki bapak sebapak); 10. anak paman sebapak seibu; 11. anak paman sebapak; 12. cucu paman sebapak seibu; 13. cucu paman sebapak; 14. paman bapak sebapak seibu; 15. paman bapak sebapak; 16. anak paman bapak sebapak seibu; 17. anak paman bapak sebapak; Untuk melaksanakan ijab qabul pada saat akad nikah, wali nasab dapat mewakilkan kepada Kepala KUA Kecamatan/Penghulu/PPN LN/ Pembantu Pegawai Pencatat Nikah (PPPN), atau orang lain yang memenuhi syarat.[\[10\]](#_ftn10) Namun apabila wali nasab tidak ada, akad nikah dilaksanakan dengan wali hakim, yang dijabat oleh Kepala KUA Kecamatan/PPN LN.[\[11\]](#_ftn11) Wali hakim dapat bertindak sebagai wali, jika:[\[12\]](#_ftn12) 1. wali nasab tidak ada; 2. walinya adhal; 3. walinya tidak diketahui keberadaannya; 4. walinya tidak dapat dihadirkan/ditemui karena dipenjara; 5. wali nasab tidak ada yang beragama Islam; 6. walinya dalam keadaan berihram; dan 7. wali yang akan menikahkan menjadi pengantin itu sendiri. Terkait wali nikah bagi anak luar kawin, menurut pendapat Kepala KUA Kecamatan Pademangan Jakarta Utara **Abdul Syakur**, proses ijab di dalam perkawinannya akan langsung dilaksanakan oleh wali hakim, yaitu Kepala KUA Kecamatan setempat. Sedangkan ayah kandungnya sendiri tidak dapat menjadi wali nasab, sekalipun memiliki hubungan darah. Nantinya, nama Kepala KUA Kecamatan setempat yang akan dicatat dalam kolom wali pada kutipan akta perkawinan. Jadi dapat disimpulkan, seorang anak perempuan luar kawin tetap dapat melangsungkan perkawinan. Adapun nama suami Anda yang bukan ayah kandung si anak tersebut tidak perlu dicantumkan, baik di akta kelahiran maupun pada kutipan akta perkawinan. Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwibahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut **[di sini](https://pro.hukumonline.com/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=cta&utm_campaign=artikel_klinik)**.  Demikian jawaban dari kami terkait wali nikah bagi anak luar kawin sebagaimana ditanyakan, semoga bermanfaat. Dasar Hukum: 1. [Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26834/undangundang-nomor-1-tahun-1974?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_Perkawinan) sebagaimana diubah dengan [Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5dafedf4cd014/undang-undang-nomor-16-tahun-2019?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_16_2019); 2. [Peraturan Menteri Agama Nomor 20 Tahun 2019 tentang Pencatatan Pernikahan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5dba860d110ba/peraturan-menteri-agama-nomor-20-tahun-2019?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=permenag_20_2019); 3. [Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 108 Tahun 2019 tentang Peraturan Pelaksanaan Peraturan Presiden Nomor 96 Tahun 2018 tentang Persyaratan dan Tata Cara Pendaftaran Penduduk dan Pencatatan Sipil](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5e572c19abe4b?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=permendagri_108_2019). Putusan: [Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 46/PUU-VIII/2010](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5ad96ea7cfc42/putusan-mahkamah-konstitusi-nomor-46-puu-viii-2010?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=MK_46_2010). Catatan_:_ _Kami telah melakukan wawancara dengan Kepala Kantor Urusan Agama Kecamatan Pademangan, H. Abdul Syakur, S.Ag via WhatsApp pada Senin, 15 Juni 2020, pukul 14.27 WIB._ * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Pasal 43 ayat (1) [Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 108 Tahun 2019 tentang Peraturan Pelaksanaan Peraturan Presiden Nomor 96 Tahun 2018 tentang Persyaratan dan Tata Cara Pendaftaran Penduduk dan Pencatatan Sipil](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5e572c19abe4b?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=permendagri_108_2019) (“Permendagri 108/2019”) [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal 48 ayat (1) Permendagri 108/2019 [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 2 ayat (3) [Peraturan Menteri Agama Nomor 20 Tahun 2019 tentang Pencatatan Pernikahan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5dba860d110ba/peraturan-menteri-agama-nomor-20-tahun-2019?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=permenag_20_2019) (”Permenag 20/2019”) [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 4 ayat (1) huruf b Permenag 20/2019 [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Pasal 5 ayat (3) Permenag 20/2019 [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Pasal 10 ayat (2) huruf c Permenag 20/2019 [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Pasal 15 ayat (1) Permenag 20/2019 [\[8\]](#_ftnref8) Pasal 12 ayat (1) dan (2) Permenag 20/2019 [\[9\]](#_ftnref9) Pasal 12 ayat (3) Permenag 20/2019 [\[10\]](#_ftnref10) Pasal 12 ayat (4) Permenag 20/2019 [\[11\]](#_ftnref11) Pasal 13 ayat (1) dan (2) Permenag 20/2019 [\[12\]](#_ftnref12) Pasal 14 ayat (3) Permenag 20/2019 Tags ---- [anak luar kawin](/tag/anak-luar-kawin) [hukum islam](/tag/hukum-islam) [kompilasi hukum islam](/tag/kompilasi-hukum-islam) [kua](/tag/kua) [perkawinan](/tag/perkawinan) [pernikahan](/tag/pernikahan)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran kedua dari artikel dengan judul Adakah Batasan Jumlah Mahar dalam Hukum Islam? yang dibuat oleh Dimas Hutomo, S.H. dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada 21 Juni 2019, kemudian dimutakhirkan pertama kali pada Rabu, 15 Desember 2021.KLINIK TERKAITWajibkah Istri Mengembalikan Mahar dalam Cerai Khuluk? 19 Okt 2023Status Mahar Jika Gagal Nikah, Bisakah Diminta Lagi?11 Nov 2022Hukum Mahar yang Masih Utang Jika Tidak Kunjung Dilunasi 03 Jun 2022Kedudukan Mahar dalam Pernikahan sebagai Harta Bersama, Tepatkah?02 Jun 2022Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.Syarat Sah Perkawinan Menurut Hukum IslamAdapun secara garis besar, pernikahan yang dilaksanakan menurut agama Islam dianggap sah secara agama dan negara, di antaranya jika:[1]Dilakukan menurut hukum Islam.Perkawinan dicatat menurut peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku.Memenuhi rukun perkawinan, yakni:calon suami;calon istri;wali nikah;2 orang saksi; danijab dan kabul.Mahar Pernikahan dalam IslamBelajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Mahar adalah pemberian dari calon mempelai pria (calon suami) kepada calon mempelai wanita (calon istri), baik berbentuk barang, uang atau jasa yang tidak bertentangan dengan hukum Islam.[2]Adapun menurut Sirman Dahwal dalam Perbandingan Hukum Perkawinan (hal. 31) arti mahar dalam Islam adalah hak istri yang diterima dari suaminya sebagai pernyataan kasih sayang dan kewajiban suami terhadap istrinya sebagaimana diatur dalam Al-Qur’an Q.S. An-Nisa ayat 4 yang artinya:Berikanlah mas kawin (mahar) kepada wanita (orang yang kamu nikahi) sebagai pemberian dengan penuh kerelaan. Kemudian jika mereka menyerahkan kepada kamu sebagian dari mas kawin itu dengan senang hati, maka makanlah (ambillah) pemberian itu (sebagai makanan) yang sedap lagi baik akibatnya.Aturan mahar lebih lanjut diatur dalam KHI, yang mana ketentuannya menerangkan bahwa mahar pernikahan wajib dibayarkan oleh calon suami kepada calon istri, yang diberikan secara langsung dengan tunai, dan sejak diberikan maka mahar tersebut menjadi hak pribadi calon istri.[3]Namun, penyerahan mahar tersebut boleh ditangguhkan, baik untuk seluruhnya atau sebagian, jika calon istri menyetujui. Penyerahan mahar yang belum ditunaikan tersebut menjadi utang calon suami.[4]Namun, meski mahar pernikahan dalam Islam adalah wajib, menyerahkan mahar pernikahan bukan merupakan rukun dalam perkawinan.[5] Kelalaian menyebut jenis dan jumlah mahar pada waktu akad nikah pun tidak menyebabkan perkawinan menjadi batal. Penyerahan mahar yang masih terutang pun juga tidak mengurangi sahnya perkawinan.[6]Batasan Jumlah Mahar Perkawinan dalam IslamDengan diwajibkannya calon suami membayar sejumlah mahar, sebenarnya, berapakah nominal mahar yang baik?Pada dasarnya, penentuan mengenai jumlah, bentuk dan jenis mahar tidak diatur oleh hukum, sehingga tidak ada batasan jumlah mahar yang diberikan oleh calon suami dan bentuk serta jenis mahar tersebut didasarkan atas kesepakatan kedua belah pihak.[7]Terkait hal ini, Sirman Dahwal mengutip pendapat Ahmad Azhar Basyir (hal. 31), bahwa mas kawin adalah pemberian wajib dari suami kepada istri yang tidak ada batas jumlah minimal dan maksimalnya, karena hanya merupakan simbol kesanggupan suami untuk memikul kewajibannya sebagai suami dalam perkawinan, agar mendatangkan kemantapan dan ketenteraman hati istri.Jadi, berdasarkan penjelasan di atas dapat kita simpulkan bahwa mahar pernikahan dalam Islam tidak mengenal adanya batasan nilai, baik minimal maupun maksimal. Sebab besarnya suatu mahar diserahkan kepada kesepakatan calon mempelai pria dan calon mempelai wanita. Asalkan mereka sepakat, tentunya mahar tersebut pun sah-sah saja berapapun nilainya.Hal yang paling penting dari suatu mahar pernikahan dalam Islam adalah jangan sampai mahar tersebut dijadikan sebagai hal yang jadi mempersulit perkawinan atau pernikahan. Hal ini sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 31 KHI yang menerangkan bahwa penentuan mahar berdasarkan atas kesederhanaan dan kemudahan yang dianjurkan dalam ajaran Islam.Kemudahan dan kesederhanaan ini dapat kita temukan dalam sebuah hadis yang diriwayatkan Imam al-Bukhari dari Sahl bin Sa’ad as-Sa’idi ra, Rasulullah saw. (HR Bukhari No.1587):..Carilah sesuatu (mahar) cincin sekalipun terbuat dari besi. Jika tidak mendapati, mahar berupa surat-surat al-Qur’an yang engkau hafal.Dari hadis ini, dapat diketahui bahwa mahar pernikahan dalam Islam tidak harus berupa uang kertas, tetapi contoh mahar dapat pula berupa cincin, atau surat al-Qur’an yang dihafal calon suami, sesuai kesanggupan calon suami dan kesepakatan kedua belah pihak.Demikian jawaban kami terkait besaran nominal mahar pernikahan dalam Islam, semoga bermanfaat.DASAR HUKUMUndang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang PerkawinanUndang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang PerkawinanInstruksi Presiden Nomor 1 Tahun 1991 tentang Penyebarluasan Kompilasi Hukum IslamREFERENSISirman Dahwal. Perbandingan Hukum Perkawinan. Bandung: Penerbit Mandar Maju, 2017.[1] Pasal 14 Instruksi Presiden Nomor 1 Tahun 1991 tentang Penyebarluasan Kompilasi Hukum Islam (“KHI”) jo. Pasal 2 Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan[2] Pasal 1 huruf d KHI[3] Pasal 30, 31, 32, dan 33 ayat (1) KHI[4] Pasal 33 ayat (2) KHI[5] Pasal 34 ayat (1) KHI[6] Pasal 34 ayat (2) KHI[7] Pasal 30 KHITagshukumhukum islamhukumonlinekawinkeluargakeluarga dan perkawinankhiklinikklinik hukumonlinemaharmenikahonlineperkawinanpernikahanuu perkawinan
Adakah batasan nominal mas kawin atau mahar perkawinan dalam Islam? Apakah pernikahan yang dilaksanakan oleh orang Islam tetap tunduk pada hukum perkawinan?
Mahar adalah pemberian dari calon mempelai pria kepada calon mempelai wanita, baik berbentuk barang, uang atau jasa yang tidak bertentangan dengan hukum Islam. Meskipun wajib diberikan, menyerahkan mahar pernikahan bukan merupakan rukun dalam perkawinan. Meski bukan merupakan rukun, adakah aturan besaran nominal mahar dalam Islam? Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda simak dalam ulasan di bawah ini. Wajibkah Istri Mengembalikan Mahar dalam Cerai Khuluk? 19 Okt 2023Status Mahar Jika Gagal Nikah, Bisakah Diminta Lagi?11 Nov 2022Hukum Mahar yang Masih Utang Jika Tidak Kunjung Dilunasi 03 Jun 2022Kedudukan Mahar dalam Pernikahan sebagai Harta Bersama, Tepatkah?02 Jun 2022Wajibkah Istri Mengembalikan Mahar dalam Cerai Khuluk? 19 Okt 2023Status Mahar Jika Gagal Nikah, Bisakah Diminta Lagi?11 Nov 2022Hukum Mahar yang Masih Utang Jika Tidak Kunjung Dilunasi 03 Jun 2022Kedudukan Mahar dalam Pernikahan sebagai Harta Bersama, Tepatkah?02 Jun 2022Hal-hal yang Harus Disiapkan Jika Pindah KPR Bank6 Mei 2024Cara Upload Terjemahan Novel Agar Tak Langgar Hak Cipta20 Okt 2022Cara Menghitung Pembebasan Bersyarat bagi Narapidana3 Agu 2022Hal-hal yang Harus Disiapkan Jika Pindah KPR Bank6 Mei 2024Cara Upload Terjemahan Novel Agar Tak Langgar Hak Cipta20 Okt 2022Cara Menghitung Pembebasan Bersyarat bagi Narapidana3 Agu 2022
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/mahar-pernikahan-dalam-islam-lt5d0b245a920da/
Aturan Besaran Nominal Mahar Pernikahan dalam Islam
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran kedua dari artikel dengan judul _Adakah Batasan Jumlah Mahar dalam Hukum Islam?_ yang dibuat oleh [Dimas Hutomo, S.H.](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/dimas-hutomo--sh-lt5b4dc1b842992) dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada 21 Juni 2019, kemudian dimutakhirkan pertama kali pada Rabu, 15 Desember 2021.** ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Wajibkah Istri Mengembalikan Mahar dalam Cerai Khuluk? ](/klinik/a/mengembalikan-mahar-lt60bac0173f058/) ![Wajibkah Istri Mengembalikan Mahar dalam Cerai Khuluk? ](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt60bac0173f058/thumbnail_lt60dafa389ff58.jpg) 19 Okt 2023 [ #### Status Mahar Jika Gagal Nikah, Bisakah Diminta Lagi? ](/klinik/a/status-mahar-jika-gagal-nikah--bisakah-diminta-lagi-lt60fe45d2614d5/) ![Status Mahar Jika Gagal Nikah, Bisakah Diminta Lagi?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt60fe45d2614d5/thumbnail_lt61b9b5c539188.jpg) 11 Nov 2022 [ #### Hukum Mahar yang Masih Utang Jika Tidak Kunjung Dilunasi ](/klinik/a/hukum-mahar-yang-masih-utang-cl1176/) ![Hukum Mahar yang Masih Utang Jika Tidak Kunjung Dilunasi ](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/cl1176/thumbnail_lt6299ad4bbf2f4.jpg) 03 Jun 2022 [ #### Kedudukan Mahar dalam Pernikahan sebagai Harta Bersama, Tepatkah? ](/klinik/a/kedudukan-mahar-dalam-pernikahan-sebagai-harta-bersama--tepatkah-lt4f58613bf2a85/) ![Kedudukan Mahar dalam Pernikahan sebagai Harta Bersama, Tepatkah?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt4f58613bf2a85/thumbnail_lt62985ef80c283.jpg) 02 Jun 2022 [](#!) Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat **[Pernyataan Penyangkalan](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer)** selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan **[Konsultan Mitra Justika](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika)****.** ### **Syarat Sah Perkawinan Menurut Hukum Islam** Adapun secara garis besar, pernikahan yang dilaksanakan menurut agama Islam dianggap sah secara agama dan negara, di antaranya jika:[\[1\]](#_ftn1) 1. Dilakukan menurut hukum Islam. 2. Perkawinan dicatat menurut peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. 3. Memenuhi rukun perkawinan, yakni: 1. calon suami; 2. calon istri; 3. wali nikah; 4. 2 orang saksi; dan 5. ijab dan kabul. ### **Mahar Pernikahan dalam Islam** Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Mahar adalah pemberian dari calon mempelai pria (calon suami) kepada calon mempelai wanita (calon istri), baik berbentuk barang, uang atau jasa yang tidak bertentangan dengan hukum Islam.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Adapun menurut **Sirman Dahwal** dalam _Perbandingan Hukum Perkawinan_ (hal. 31) arti mahar dalam Islam adalah hak istri yang diterima dari suaminya sebagai pernyataan kasih sayang dan kewajiban suami terhadap istrinya sebagaimana diatur dalam **Al-Qur’an Q.S. An-Nisa ayat 4** yang artinya: _Berikanlah mas kawin (mahar) kepada wanita (orang yang kamu nikahi) sebagai pemberian dengan penuh kerelaan. Kemudian jika mereka menyerahkan kepada kamu sebagian dari mas kawin itu dengan senang hati, maka makanlah (ambillah) pemberian itu (sebagai makanan) yang sedap lagi baik akibatnya._ Aturan mahar lebih lanjut diatur dalam **[KHI](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13200/instruksi-presiden-nomor-1-tahun-1991/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=khi)**, yang mana ketentuannya menerangkan bahwa mahar pernikahan wajib dibayarkan oleh calon suami kepada calon istri, yang diberikan secara langsung dengan tunai, dan sejak diberikan maka mahar tersebut menjadi hak pribadi calon istri.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Namun, penyerahan mahar tersebut boleh ditangguhkan, baik untuk seluruhnya atau sebagian, jika calon istri menyetujui. Penyerahan mahar yang belum ditunaikan tersebut menjadi utang calon suami.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) Namun, meski mahar pernikahan dalam Islam adalah wajib, menyerahkan mahar pernikahan bukan merupakan rukun dalam perkawinan.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) Kelalaian menyebut jenis dan jumlah mahar pada waktu akad nikah pun tidak menyebabkan perkawinan menjadi batal. Penyerahan mahar yang masih terutang pun juga tidak mengurangi sahnya perkawinan.[\[6\]](#_ftn6) ### **Batasan Jumlah Mahar Perkawinan dalam Islam** Dengan diwajibkannya calon suami membayar sejumlah mahar, sebenarnya, berapakah nominal mahar yang baik? Pada dasarnya, penentuan mengenai jumlah, bentuk dan jenis mahar tidak diatur oleh hukum, sehingga tidak ada batasan jumlah mahar yang diberikan oleh calon suami dan bentuk serta jenis mahar tersebut didasarkan atas kesepakatan kedua belah pihak.[\[7\]](#_ftn7) Terkait hal ini, Sirman Dahwal mengutip pendapat **Ahmad Azhar Basyir** (hal. 31), bahwa mas kawin adalah pemberian wajib dari suami kepada istri yang tidak ada batas jumlah minimal dan maksimalnya, karena hanya merupakan simbol kesanggupan suami untuk memikul kewajibannya sebagai suami dalam perkawinan, agar mendatangkan kemantapan dan ketenteraman hati istri. Jadi, berdasarkan penjelasan di atas dapat kita simpulkan bahwa mahar pernikahan dalam Islam tidak mengenal adanya batasan nilai, baik minimal maupun maksimal. Sebab besarnya suatu mahar diserahkan kepada kesepakatan calon mempelai pria dan calon mempelai wanita. Asalkan mereka sepakat, tentunya mahar tersebut pun sah-sah saja berapapun nilainya. Hal yang paling penting dari suatu mahar pernikahan dalam Islam adalah jangan sampai mahar tersebut dijadikan sebagai hal yang jadi mempersulit perkawinan atau pernikahan. Hal ini sebagaimana diatur dalam **Pasal 31 KHI** yang menerangkan bahwa penentuan mahar berdasarkan atas kesederhanaan dan kemudahan yang dianjurkan dalam ajaran Islam. Kemudahan dan kesederhanaan ini dapat kita temukan dalam sebuah hadis yang diriwayatkan Imam al-Bukhari dari Sahl bin Sa’ad as-Sa’idi ra, Rasulullah _saw_. (HR Bukhari No.1587): _..Carilah sesuatu (mahar) cincin sekalipun terbuat dari besi. Jika tidak mendapati, mahar berupa surat-surat al-Qur’an yang engkau hafal_. Dari hadis ini, dapat diketahui bahwa mahar pernikahan dalam Islam tidak harus berupa uang kertas, tetapi contoh mahar dapat pula berupa cincin, atau surat al-Qur’an yang dihafal calon suami, sesuai kesanggupan calon suami dan kesepakatan kedua belah pihak. Demikian jawaban kami terkait besaran nominal mahar pernikahan dalam Islam, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26834/undangundang-nomor-1-tahun-1974/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_1_1974) Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5dafedf4cd014?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_16_2019) Instruksi Presiden Nomor 1 Tahun 1991 tentang Penyebarluasan Kompilasi Hukum Islam [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13200/instruksi-presiden-nomor-1-tahun-1991/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=khi) REFERENSI --------- Sirman Dahwal. _Perbandingan Hukum Perkawinan_. Bandung: Penerbit Mandar Maju, 2017. * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Pasal 14 [Instruksi Presiden Nomor 1 Tahun 1991 tentang Penyebarluasan Kompilasi Hukum Islam](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13200/instruksi-presiden-nomor-1-tahun-1991/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=khi) (“KHI”) _jo._ Pasal 2 [Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26834/undangundang-nomor-1-tahun-1974/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_1_1974) [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal 1 huruf d KHI [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 30, 31, 32, dan 33 ayat (1) KHI [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 33 ayat (2) KHI [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Pasal 34 ayat (1) KHI [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Pasal 34 ayat (2) KHI [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Pasal 30 KHI Tags ---- [hukum](/tag/hukum) [hukum islam](/tag/hukum-islam) [hukumonline](/tag/hukumonline) [kawin](/tag/kawin) [keluarga](/tag/keluarga) [keluarga dan perkawinan](/tag/keluarga-dan-perkawinan) [khi](/tag/khi) [klinik](/tag/klinik) [klinik hukumonline](/tag/klinik-hukumonline) [mahar](/tag/mahar) [menikah](/tag/menikah) [online](/tag/online) [perkawinan](/tag/perkawinan) [pernikahan](/tag/pernikahan) [uu perkawinan](/tag/uu-perkawinan)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul Derden Verzet atau Gugatan Perlawanan yang dibuat oleh Si Pokrol, dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Senin, 10 Juni 2002.Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.Ketentuan Hukum Derden VerzetPeraturan perundang-undangan tidak secara eksplisit memberikan definisi mengenai perlawanan pihak ketiga atau derden verzet. Namun, ketentuan yang mengatur tentang derden verzet terdapat pada pasal-pasal berikut:Pasal 195 ayat (6) H.I.RBelajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Perlawanan terhadap keputusan, juga dari orang lain yang menyatakan bahwa barang yang disita miliknya, dihadapkan serta diadili seperti segala perselisihan tentang upaya paksa yang diperintahkan oleh pengadilan negeri, yang dalam daerah hukumnya terjadi penjalanan keputusan itu.Pasal 206 ayat (6) RBGPerlawanan, juga yang datang dari pihak ketiga, berdasarkan hak milik yang diakui olehnya yang disita untuk pelaksanaan putusan, juga semua sengketa mengenai upaya-upaya paksa yang diperintahkan, diadili oleh pengadilan negeri yang mempunyai wilayah hukum di mana dilakukan perbuatan-perbuatan untuk melaksanakan keputusan hakim.Pasal 378 R.VPihak-pihak ketiga berhak melakukan perlawanan terhadap suatu putusan yang merugikan hak-hak mereka, jika mereka secara pribadi atau wakil mereka yang sah menurut hukum, atau pun pihak yang mereka wakili tidak dipanggil di sidang pengadilan, atau karena penggabungan perkara atau campur tangan dalam perkara pernah menjadi pihak. (KUHPerd. 383, 452, 833, 955, 1917; F. lo, 24; Rv. 279, 349, 382, 384.)Pasal 380 R.VJika putusan yang demikian dijatuhkan terhadap pihak ketiga dalam suatu persidangan dan perlawanan terhadapnya dilakukan sesuai pasal yang lain, maka hakim yang memeriksa perkara berwenang jika untuk itu ada alasan-alasan mengizinkan penundaan perkara itu sampai perkara perlawanan diputus. (Rv. 248 dst., 384, 393)Berdasarkan bunyi pasal-pasal tersebut, pada intinya derden verzet merupakan perlawanan pihak ketiga terhadap putusan pengadilan yang telah memiliki kekuatan hukum yang tetap dan merugikan pihak ketiga.[1] Terhadap hal tersebut, untuk bisa mendapatkan keabsahan dalam upaya perlawanannya, terdapat beberapa syarat yang perlu untuk digarisbawahi sebagaimana tercantum dalam Pasal 1917 KUHPerdata, yaitu:Perihal yang dituntut harus sama;Tuntutan didasarkan pada alasan yang sama; danHarus diajukan oleh pihak yang sama, terhadap pihak-pihak yang sama dalam hubungan yang sama.Selanjutnya, derden verzet juga diatur dalam Pasal 379 R.V, yang berbunyi:Perlawanan ini diperiksa hakim yang menjatuhkan putusan itu. Perlawanan diajukan dengan suatu pemanggilan untuk menghadap sidang terhadap semua pihak yang telah mendapat keputusan dan peraturan umum mengenai cara berperkara berlaku dalam perlawanan ini. (KUHPerd. 1967; Rv. 1, 99 dst., 384.)Untuk mempermudah pemahaman Anda, pasal tersebut kami interpretasikan bahwa hakim dalam upaya hukum derden verzet adalah hakim yang menjatuhkan putusan dalam perkara yang diajukan perlawanan tersebut. Selanjutnya para pihak yang berperkara juga akan akan dipanggil (termasuk pihak ketiga) untuk memberitahukan mengenai adanya upaya hukum derden verzet. Hakim yang berwenang kemudian akan melakukan pemeriksaan kembali terhadap alasan-alasan yang dibenarkan dalam derden verzet. Baca juga: Seluk Beluk Derden Verzet (Perlawanan Pihak Ketiga)Menurut Pasal 381 R.V, hakim yang memeriksa juga memiliki hak untuk menunda pelaksanaan putusan (untuk perkara yang diajukan perlawanan sampai perlawanan diputus), kecuali jika ditentukan bahwa putusan tersebut sebelumnya telah diputus dalam keadaan serta merta, atau putusan yang dapat dilaksanakan terlebih dahulu meskipun terdapat upaya hukum selanjutnya. Hal ini terdapat dalam Pasal 54 R.V dan SEMA 3/2000 yang secara khusus mengatur syarat-syarat putusan serta merta, yaitu:Putusan didasarkan atas suatu dasar hak otentik; Putusan didasarkan atas surat bawah tangan yang diakui oleh para pihak;Dalam hal telah ada penghukuman dengan keputusan hakim yang mendahuluinya yang terhadapnya tidak dapat diajukan perlawanan atau tidak dapat dimintakan banding.Apabila pengajuan derden verzet tersebut dikabulkan, maka sesuai dengan Pasal 382 R.V putusan yang dilawan harus segera diperbaiki terbatas pada hal-hal yang merugikan pihak ketiga, kecuali terhadap putusan yang tidak dapat dipecah dan menghendaki pembatalan putusan secara keseluruhan.Sebagaimana tercantum dalam Pedoman Teknis Administrasi dan Teknis Peradilan Perdata Umum dan Perdata Khusus (“Buku II Mahkamah Agung RI”), dalam pendaftarannya, derden verzet harus didaftarkan sebagai perkara baru di pengadilan yang memeriksa perkara atau putusan yang dilakukan perlawanan (hal. 4). Lebih lanjut, dalam Buku II Mahkamah Agung RI juga dijelaskan bahwa derden verzet termasuk dalam upaya hukum luar biasa dan pada prinsipnya tidak menangguhkan pelaksanaan eksekusi terhadap putusan yang berkekuatan hukum tetap (hal. 102).Tata Cara Mengajukan Perlawanan dalam Perkara Perdata Sebagai informasi, berikut kami jelaskan prosedur mengajukan perlawanan dalam perkara perdata:[2]Diajukan secara tertulis atau lisan;Ditujukan di Pengadilan Negeri bersangkutan;Perlawanan diajukan dalam tenggang waktu 8 hari sesudah diberitahukan penyitaan;Perlawanan akan diperiksa oleh Pengadilan Negeri terkait. Namun, tidak menghalangi dilakukan pelelangan atas barang sitaan, kecuali Ketua Pengadilan Negeri bersangkutan memerintahkan agar menangguhkan lelang sampai jatuh putusan;Bila perlawanan diterima dan beralasan oleh pengadilan sehingga tidak jadi dilakukan, segala biaya kerugian dan bunga yang timbul akan dibebankan pada pihak yang meminta penyitaan;Apabila perlawanan ditolak ataupun tidak ada perlawanan, agar perlawanan sah maka orang yang meminta penyitaan harus mengajukan tuntutan dalam tenggang waktu 1 bulan sejak putusan perlawanan dibacakan. Kesimpulannya, berdasarkan beberapa ketentuan hukum tersebut, derden verzet adalah upaya hukum luar biasa sebagai bentuk perlawanan dari pihak ketiga terhadap suatu putusan yang merugikan haknya. Derden verzet juga harus diajukan dan didaftarkan dalam perkara baru di pengadilan yang memeriksa dan memutus perkara tersebut. Kemudian, jika pengajuan derden verzet dikabulkan, maka putusan yang dilawan harus segera diperbaiki terbatas pada hal yang merugikan pihak ketiga, kecuali terhadap putusan yang tidak dapat dipecah dan menghendaki pembatalan putusan secara keseluruhan.Baca juga: Derden Verzet Terhadap Putusan Pidana, Adakah?Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwibahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut di sini. Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUMReglement op de RechtsvorderingReglement Tot Regeling Van Het Rechtswezen In De Gewesten Buiten Java En MaduraHerzien Inlandsch ReglementKitab Undang-Undang Hukum PerdataSurat Edaran Mahkamah Agung Nomor 3 Tahun 2000 tentang Putusan Serta Merta (Uitvoerbaar Bij Vooraad) dan ProvisionilREFERENSIIvonne W. K. Maramis. Perlawanan Pihak Ketiga (Derden Verzet) Sebagai Upaya Menangguhkan Eksekusi. Lex Administratum, Vol. 5, No. 5, 2017;Subekti. Hukum Acara Perdata Cetakan ke-2. Bandung: Badan Pembinaan Hukum Nasional Departemen Kehakiman, 1997;Pedoman Teknis Administrasi dan Teknis Peradilan Perdata Umum dan Perdata Khusus, Buku II Mahkamah Agung RI, 2008, diakses 16 Maret 2023, pukul 13.45 WIB.[1] Ivonne W. K. Maramis. Perlawanan Pihak Ketiga (Derden Verzet) Sebagai Upaya Menangguhkan Eksekusi. Lex Administratum, Vol. 5, No. 5, 2017, hal. 34.[2] Subekti. Hukum Acara Perdata Cetakan ke-2. Bandung: Badan Pembinaan Hukum Nasional Departemen Kehakiman, 1997, hal. 241-243.Tags
Apakah yang dimaksud derden verzet? Bagaimanakah tata caranya, melalui gugatan, atau permohonan kah, apa bisa dua-duanya?
Menurut hukum Indonesia, derden verzet adalah upaya perlawanan oleh pihak ketiga dan merupakan salah satu upaya hukum yang tercantum dalam Reglement op de Rechtsvordering (“R.V”). Pemaknaannya yang luas dan populer membuat langkah hukum ini sering digunakan oleh para pihak ketiga yang terlibat dalam suatu perkara. Oleh karena itu, secara lebih spesifik, apakah yang dimaksud derden verzet? Apakah langkah hukum ini bisa dilakukan melalui gugatan, permohonan, atau bisa melalui keduanya? Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Begini Cara Hitung Upah Lembur Pada Hari Raya Keagamaan12 Apr 2023Somasi: Pengertian, Dasar Hukum, dan Cara Membuatnya 7 Jun 2023Cara Pindah Kewarganegaraan WNI Menjadi WNA25 Mar 2024Begini Cara Hitung Upah Lembur Pada Hari Raya Keagamaan12 Apr 2023Somasi: Pengertian, Dasar Hukum, dan Cara Membuatnya 7 Jun 2023Cara Pindah Kewarganegaraan WNI Menjadi WNA25 Mar 2024
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/derden-verzet--begini-arti-dan-prosedurnya-cl57/
Derden Verzet, Begini Arti dan Prosedurnya
pages/155/page-5.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul _Derden Verzet atau Gugatan Perlawanan_ yang dibuat oleh [Si Pokrol](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/si-pokrol-lt4a0aae6c03cb7), dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Senin, 10 Juni 2002.** Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Ketentuan Hukum _Derden Verzet_** Peraturan perundang-undangan tidak secara eksplisit memberikan definisi mengenai perlawanan pihak ketiga atau _derden verzet_. Namun, ketentuan yang mengatur tentang _derden verzet_ terdapat pada pasal-pasal berikut: 1. **Pasal 195 ayat (6) [H.I.R](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/27228/nprt/2/herzien-inlandsch-reglement-\(h.i.r\)-\(s.-1941-44\)-reglemen-indonesia-yang-diperbaharui-\(r.i.b.\)?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=hir)** Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Perlawanan terhadap keputusan, juga dari orang lain yang menyatakan bahwa barang yang disita miliknya, dihadapkan serta diadili seperti segala perselisihan tentang upaya paksa yang diperintahkan oleh pengadilan negeri, yang dalam daerah hukumnya terjadi penjalanan keputusan itu. 2. **Pasal 206 ayat (6) [RBG](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6295fe18b5459?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=rbg)** Perlawanan, juga yang datang dari pihak ketiga, berdasarkan hak milik yang diakui olehnya yang disita untuk pelaksanaan putusan, juga semua sengketa mengenai upaya-upaya paksa yang diperintahkan, diadili oleh pengadilan negeri yang mempunyai wilayah hukum di mana dilakukan perbuatan-perbuatan untuk melaksanakan keputusan hakim. 3. **Pasal 378 [R.V](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6352a7a5e35ee/reglement-op-de-rechtsvordering-rv-s-1847-52?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=RV)** Pihak-pihak ketiga berhak melakukan perlawanan terhadap suatu putusan yang merugikan hak-hak mereka, jika mereka secara pribadi atau wakil mereka yang sah menurut hukum, atau pun pihak yang mereka wakili tidak dipanggil di sidang pengadilan, atau karena penggabungan perkara atau campur tangan dalam perkara pernah menjadi pihak. (KUHPerd. 383, 452, 833, 955, 1917; F. lo, 24; Rv. 279, 349, 382, 384.) 4. **Pasal 380 R.V** Jika putusan yang demikian dijatuhkan terhadap pihak ketiga dalam suatu persidangan dan perlawanan terhadapnya dilakukan sesuai pasal yang lain, maka hakim yang memeriksa perkara berwenang jika untuk itu ada alasan-alasan mengizinkan penundaan perkara itu sampai perkara perlawanan diputus. (Rv. 248 dst., 384, 393) Berdasarkan bunyi pasal-pasal tersebut, pada intinya _derden verzet_ merupakan perlawanan pihak ketiga terhadap putusan pengadilan yang telah memiliki kekuatan hukum yang tetap dan merugikan pihak ketiga.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Terhadap hal tersebut, untuk bisa mendapatkan keabsahan dalam upaya perlawanannya, terdapat beberapa syarat yang perlu untuk digarisbawahi sebagaimana tercantum dalam **Pasal 1917 [KUHPerdata](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17229/node/686?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHPerdata)**, yaitu: 1. Perihal yang dituntut harus sama; 2. Tuntutan didasarkan pada alasan yang sama; dan 3. Harus diajukan oleh pihak yang sama, terhadap pihak-pihak yang sama dalam hubungan yang sama. Selanjutnya, _derden verzet_ juga diatur dalam **Pasal 379 R.V**, yang berbunyi: _Perlawanan ini diperiksa hakim yang menjatuhkan putusan itu. Perlawanan diajukan dengan suatu pemanggilan untuk menghadap sidang terhadap semua pihak yang telah mendapat keputusan dan peraturan umum mengenai cara berperkara berlaku dalam perlawanan ini. (KUHPerd. 1967; Rv. 1, 99 dst., 384.)_ Untuk mempermudah pemahaman Anda, pasal tersebut kami interpretasikan bahwa hakim dalam upaya hukum _derden verzet_ adalah hakim yang menjatuhkan putusan dalam perkara yang diajukan perlawanan tersebut. Selanjutnya para pihak yang berperkara juga akan akan dipanggil (termasuk pihak ketiga) untuk memberitahukan mengenai adanya upaya hukum _derden verzet._ Hakim yang berwenang kemudian akan melakukan pemeriksaan kembali terhadap alasan-alasan yang dibenarkan dalam _derden verzet_. Baca juga: **[Seluk Beluk Derden Verzet (Perlawanan Pihak Ketiga)](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/seluk-beluk-derden-verzet-perlawanan-pihak-ketiga-lt516d85bd40408?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=seluk_beluk_derden_verzet)** Menurut **Pasal 381 R.V**, hakim yang memeriksa juga memiliki hak untuk menunda pelaksanaan putusan (untuk perkara yang diajukan perlawanan sampai perlawanan diputus), kecuali jika ditentukan bahwa putusan tersebut sebelumnya telah diputus dalam keadaan serta merta, atau putusan yang dapat dilaksanakan terlebih dahulu meskipun terdapat upaya hukum selanjutnya. Hal ini terdapat dalam **Pasal 54 R.V dan [SEMA 3/2000](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/19521/surat-edaran-mahkamah-agung-nomor-3-tahun-2000?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=sema_3_2000)** yang secara khusus mengatur syarat-syarat putusan serta merta, yaitu: 1. Putusan didasarkan atas suatu dasar hak otentik; 2. Putusan didasarkan atas surat bawah tangan yang diakui oleh para pihak; 3. Dalam hal telah ada penghukuman dengan keputusan hakim yang mendahuluinya yang terhadapnya tidak dapat diajukan perlawanan atau tidak dapat dimintakan banding. Apabila pengajuan _derden verzet_ tersebut dikabulkan, maka sesuai dengan **Pasal 382 R.V** putusan yang dilawan harus segera diperbaiki terbatas pada hal-hal yang merugikan pihak ketiga, kecuali terhadap putusan yang tidak dapat dipecah dan menghendaki pembatalan putusan secara keseluruhan. Sebagaimana tercantum dalam **[Pedoman Teknis Administrasi dan Teknis Peradilan Perdata Umum dan Perdata Khusus](https://perpustakaan.mahkamahagung.go.id/assets/resource/ebook/Pedoman%20Tenknis%20Administasi%20Dan%20Teknis%20Peradilan%20Perdata%20Umum%20Dan%20Perdata%20Khusus.pdf) (“Buku II Mahkamah Agung RI”)**, dalam pendaftarannya, _derden verzet_ harus didaftarkan sebagai perkara baru di pengadilan yang memeriksa perkara atau putusan yang dilakukan perlawanan (hal. 4). Lebih lanjut, dalam Buku II Mahkamah Agung RI juga dijelaskan bahwa _derden verzet_ termasuk dalam upaya hukum luar biasa dan pada prinsipnya tidak menangguhkan pelaksanaan eksekusi terhadap putusan yang berkekuatan hukum tetap (hal. 102). ### **Tata Cara Mengajukan Perlawanan dalam Perkara Perdata** Sebagai informasi, berikut kami jelaskan prosedur mengajukan perlawanan dalam perkara perdata:[\[2\]](#_ftn2) 1. Diajukan secara tertulis atau lisan; 2. Ditujukan di Pengadilan Negeri bersangkutan; 3. Perlawanan diajukan dalam tenggang waktu 8 hari sesudah diberitahukan penyitaan; 4. Perlawanan akan diperiksa oleh Pengadilan Negeri terkait. Namun, tidak menghalangi dilakukan pelelangan atas barang sitaan, kecuali Ketua Pengadilan Negeri bersangkutan memerintahkan agar menangguhkan lelang sampai jatuh putusan; 5. Bila perlawanan diterima dan beralasan oleh pengadilan sehingga tidak jadi dilakukan, segala biaya kerugian dan bunga yang timbul akan dibebankan pada pihak yang meminta penyitaan; 6. Apabila perlawanan ditolak ataupun tidak ada perlawanan, agar perlawanan sah maka orang yang meminta penyitaan harus mengajukan tuntutan dalam tenggang waktu 1 bulan sejak putusan perlawanan dibacakan. Kesimpulannya, berdasarkan beberapa ketentuan hukum tersebut, _derden verzet_ adalah upaya hukum luar biasa sebagai bentuk perlawanan dari pihak ketiga terhadap suatu putusan yang merugikan haknya. _Derden verzet_ juga harus diajukan dan didaftarkan dalam perkara baru di pengadilan yang memeriksa dan memutus perkara tersebut. Kemudian, jika pengajuan _derden verzet_ dikabulkan, maka putusan yang dilawan harus segera diperbaiki terbatas pada hal yang merugikan pihak ketiga, kecuali terhadap putusan yang tidak dapat dipecah dan menghendaki pembatalan putusan secara keseluruhan. Baca juga: **[Derden Verzet Terhadap Putusan Pidana, Adakah?](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/derden-verzet-terhadap-putusan-pidana--adakah-lt60fa17862e4d9?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=derden_verzet_terhadap_putusan_pidana)** Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwibahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut [**di sini**](https://pro.hukumonline.com/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=cta&utm_campaign=artikel_klinik).  Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Reglement op de Rechtsvordering [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6352a7a5e35ee/reglement-op-de-rechtsvordering-rv-s-1847-52?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=RV) Reglement Tot Regeling Van Het Rechtswezen In De Gewesten Buiten Java En Madura [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6295fe18b5459?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=rbg) Herzien Inlandsch Reglement [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/27228/nprt/2/herzien-inlandsch-reglement-\(h.i.r\)-\(s.-1941-44\)-reglemen-indonesia-yang-diperbaharui-\(r.i.b.\)?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=hir) Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17229/node/686?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHPerdata) Surat Edaran Mahkamah Agung Nomor 3 Tahun 2000 tentang Putusan Serta Merta (Uitvoerbaar Bij Vooraad) dan Provisionil [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/19521/surat-edaran-mahkamah-agung-nomor-3-tahun-2000?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=sema_3_2000) REFERENSI --------- 1. Ivonne W. K. Maramis. _Perlawanan Pihak Ketiga (Derden Verzet) Sebagai Upaya Menangguhkan Eksekusi._ Lex Administratum, Vol. 5, No. 5, 2017; 2. Subekti. _Hukum Acara Perdata Cetakan ke-2_. Bandung: Badan Pembinaan Hukum Nasional Departemen Kehakiman, 1997; 3. [Pedoman Teknis Administrasi dan Teknis Peradilan Perdata Umum dan Perdata Khusus](https://perpustakaan.mahkamahagung.go.id/assets/resource/ebook/Pedoman%20Tenknis%20Administasi%20Dan%20Teknis%20Peradilan%20Perdata%20Umum%20Dan%20Perdata%20Khusus.pdf), Buku II Mahkamah Agung RI, 2008, diakses 16 Maret 2023, pukul 13.45 WIB. [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Ivonne W. K. Maramis. _Perlawanan Pihak Ketiga (Derden Verzet) Sebagai Upaya Menangguhkan Eksekusi._ Lex Administratum, Vol. 5, No. 5, 2017, hal. 34. [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Subekti. _Hukum Acara Perdata Cetakan ke-2_. Bandung: Badan Pembinaan Hukum Nasional Departemen Kehakiman, 1997, hal. 241-243. Tags ---- [](/tag/)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.Artikel ini dibuat berdasarkan KUHP lama dan UU 1/2023 tentang KUHP yang diundangkan pada tanggal 2 Januari 2023.KLINIK TERKAITMengenal Ragam Hukuman Pidana untuk Anak30 Apr 2024Jerat Hukum Pemerkosaan Anak Kandung oleh Orang Tua14 Mar 2023Jerat Hukum Pengguna Jasa Prostitusi Anak09 Mar 2023Jerat Pasal Penganiayaan Anak yang Menyebabkan Koma27 Feb 2023Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.Jerat Pidana ‘Memprovokasi’ Tindak PidanaSebelumnya, kami turut prihatin atas kejadian yang menimpa korban. Semoga korban segera pulih dan sehat seperti sediakala dan nantinya mendapatkan keadilan atas kejadian tersebut.Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Berbicara tentang tindak pidana anak, terdapat kasus 3 dasawarsa lalu yang menghebohkan Merseyside, Inggris. Seorang anak yang berumur 2 tahun dibunuh oleh 2 orang anak berusia 10 tahun dengan cara yang kejam dan tidak berprikemanusiaan, melewati batas-batas kenormalan. Akan tetapi, karena dilakukan oleh pelaku berumur 10 tahun, maka tetap menggunakan persidangan anak dan diperlakukan layaknya seorang anak begitu juga vonis yang diterima. Kasus tersebut menimbulkan tekanan masyarakat terhadap lembaga peradilan bahkan hingga saat ini masih berlanjut dengan petisi-petisi. Di Indonesia, anak yang menjadi pelaku tindak pidana atau anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum adalah berusia 12 tahun dan belum berumur 18 tahun. Hal ini ditegaskan di dalam Pasal 1 angka 3 UU SPPA yang berbunyi sebagai berikut.Anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum yang selanjutnya disebut anak adalah anak yang telah berumur 12 (dua belas tahun), tetapi belum berumur 18 (delapan belas) tahun yang diduga melakukan tindak pidana Selanjutnya, anak yang melakukan aduan atau provokasi kepada orang lain untuk melakukan penganiayaan berat hingga menyebabkan korban koma sekaligus merekam aksi penganiayaan tersebut, berdasarkan KUHP yang pada saat artikel ini diterbitkan masih berlaku, maka anak tersebut dapat dilaporkan kepada Kepolisian atas dasar Pasal 353 ayat (1) dan (2) KUHP jika direncanakan atau Pasal 354 ayat (1) KUHP jika tidak direncanakan, jo. turut serta melakukan tindak pidana Pasal 55 KUHP.Adapun, dalam UU 1/2023 tentang KUHP baru yang berlaku 3 tahun sejak diundangkan,[1] yaitu 2026 diatur di Pasal 467 ayat (1) dan (2) UU 1/2023 jika direncanakan atau Pasal 468 ayat (1) UU 1/2023 jika tidak direncanakan, jo. turut serta melakukan tindak pidana Pasal 20 UU 1/2023.KUHP UU 1/2023Pasal 353 ayat (1) dan (2) KUHPPenganiayaan yang dilakukan dengan direncanakan terlebih dahulu dihukum penjara selama-lamanya empat tahun.Jika perbuatan itu menjadikan luka berat, sitersalah dihukum penjara selama-lamanya tujuh tahun. Pasal 467 ayat (1) dan (2) UU 1/2023Setiap orang yang melakukan penganiayaan dengan rencana lebih dahulu, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 4 tahun.Jika perbuatan sebagaimana dimaksud ayat (1) mengakibatkan luka berat, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 7 tahun.Pasal 354 ayat (1) KUHPBarang siapa dengan sengaja melukai berat orang lain dihukum karena menganiaya berat dengan hukuman selama-lamanya delapan tahun. Pasal 468 ayat (1) UU 1/2023Setiap orang yang melukai berat orang lain, dipidana karena penganiayaan berat, dengan pidana penjara paling lama 8 tahunPasal 55 KUHPDipidana sebagai pelaku tindak pidana: Mereka yang melakukan, yang menyuruhlakukan dan yang turut serta melakukan perbuatan;Mereka yang dengan memberi atau menjanjikan sesuatu, dengan menyalahgunakan kekuasaan atau martabat, dengan kekerasan, ancaman ataupun penyesatan, atau dengan memberi kesempatan, sarana dan keterangan, sengaja menganjurkan orang lain supaya melakukan perbuatan;Terhadap penganjur, hanya perbuatan yang disengaja dianjurkan sajalah yang diperhitungkan beserta akibat-akibatnya. Pasal 20 UU 1/2023Setiap orang dipidana dengan pelaku tindak pidana jika:melakukan sendiri tindak pidana;melakukan tindak pidana dengan perantaraan alat atau menyuruh orang lain yang tidak dapat dipertanggungjawabkan;turut serta melakukan tindak pidana; ataumenggerakkan orang lain supaya melakukan tindak pidana dengan cara memberi atau menjanjikan sesuatu, menyalahgunakan kekuasaan atau martabat, melakukan kekerasan, menggunakan ancaman kekerasan, melakukan penyesatan, atau dengan memberi kesempatan, sarana, atau keterangan.‘Provokasi’ yang dilakukan oleh pelaku anak dapat diartikan sebagai menggerakkan orang lain supaya melakukan tindak pidana, termasuk membujuk, menganjurkan, memancing, atau memikat orang lain dengan cara tertentu.[2]Hal tersebut tergolong sebagai penyertaan atau turut serta melakukan tindak pidana. Adapun perbedaan antara penyertaan dan pembantuan tindak pidana adalah dalam penyertaan terdapat kerja sama yang erat antarmereka yang turut serta melakukan tindak pidana. Sedangkan dalam pembantuan tindak pidana, kerja sama antar pelaku dan orang yang membantu tidak seerat kerja sama dalam penyertaan.[3]Baca juga: Perbedaan Turut Serta dan Pembantuan Tindak PidanaBisakah Anak yang ‘Memprovokasi’ Tindak Pidana Dihukum?Dalam sistem hukum di Indonesia, tidak ada pembeda penerapan pasal-pasal pidana bagi anak yang melakukan tindak pidana atau pelaku anak atau anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum dengan pidana terhadap orang dewasa.Lantas, bisakah anak dihukum atas provokasi tindak pidana? Jawabannya bisa. Akan tetapi, berdasarkan UU SPPA pelaku anak tidak boleh dijatuhi pidana mati atau pidana seumur hidup.[4] Selain itu, terdapat perbedaan pidana pokok dan pidana tambahan bagi anak. Pidana pokok bagi anak terdiri atas pidana peringatan, pidana dengan syarat, pelatihan kerja, pembinaan dalam lembaga, dan penjara.[5] Sebagai catatan, anak yang belum berusia 14 tahun, hanya dapat dikenai tindakan.[6]Jika anak yang melakukan tindak pidana belum berumur 12 tahun maka akan diserahkan kembali ke orang tua/wali, mengikutsertakan dalam program pendidikan, pembinaan, dan pembimbingan maksimal 6 bulan.[7]Sementara itu, anak dijatuhi pidana penjara di Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak (“LPKA”) jika keadaan dan perbuatan anak akan membahayakan masyarakat. Sementara, pidana penjara yang dijatuhkan kepada anak maksimal ½ dari maksimum ancaman pidana penjara bagi orang dewasa. Adapun, pidana penjara bagi anak hanya digunakan sebagai upaya terakhir.[8]Baca juga: Mengenal Macam-macam Sanksi Pidana AnakDalam sistem peradilan pidana anak wajib mengedepankan keadilan restoratif dan diversi. Selengkapnya tentang diversi dapat Anda baca dalam artikel Upayakan Diversi, Begini Prosedur Peradilan Pidana Anak.Demikian jawaban kami, semoga bermanfaat.DASAR HUKUMKitab Undang-Undang Hukum PidanaUndang-undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana AnakUndang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana[1] Pasal 624 Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (“UU 1/2023”)[2] Penjelasan Pasal 20 huruf d UU 1/2023[3] Penjelasan Pasal 21 huruf b UU 1/2023[4] Pasal 3 huruf f Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2011 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak (“UU SPPA”)[5] Pasal 71 ayat (1) UU SPPA[6] Pasal 69 ayat (2) UU SPPA[7] Pasal 21 ayat (1) UU SPPA[8] Pasal 81 ayat (1), (2), dan (5) UU SPPATagsanakperadilan pidana anakpidana anaksistem peradilan pidana anak
Belum lama ini viral penganiayaan salah satu anak pejabat hingga mengakibatkan korban koma. Berdasarkan kronologi yang diliput oleh banyak media, penganiayaan tersebut dilakukan berdasarkan aduan/provokasi dari pacar pelaku yang masih di bawah umur. Selain menghasut, pacar pelaku juga merekam aksi penganiayaan tersebut. Bisakah pacar pelaku yang notabene seorang anak atau di bawah umur dilaporkan karena menghasut tindak pidana? Bagaimana hukumnya?
‘Memprovokasi’ tindak pidana merupakan tindakan menggerakkan orang lain untuk melakukan tindak pidana yang tergolong sebagai penyertaan. Lantas, bagaimana jika tindakan tersebut dilakukan oleh anak? Dapatkah tindak pidana anak dihukum? Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Mengenal Ragam Hukuman Pidana untuk Anak30 Apr 2024Jerat Hukum Pemerkosaan Anak Kandung oleh Orang Tua14 Mar 2023Jerat Hukum Pengguna Jasa Prostitusi Anak09 Mar 2023Jerat Pasal Penganiayaan Anak yang Menyebabkan Koma27 Feb 2023Mengenal Ragam Hukuman Pidana untuk Anak30 Apr 2024Jerat Hukum Pemerkosaan Anak Kandung oleh Orang Tua14 Mar 2023Jerat Hukum Pengguna Jasa Prostitusi Anak09 Mar 2023Jerat Pasal Penganiayaan Anak yang Menyebabkan Koma27 Feb 2023Ini Cara Mengurus Akta Nikah yang Terlambat 30 Sep 2022Baca Tips Ini Sebelum Menggunakan Karya Cipta Milik Umum28 Feb 2023Langkah Jika Jual Beli Tanah HGB yang Belum Balik Nama15 Mei 2024Ini Cara Mengurus Akta Nikah yang Terlambat 30 Sep 2022Baca Tips Ini Sebelum Menggunakan Karya Cipta Milik Umum28 Feb 2023Langkah Jika Jual Beli Tanah HGB yang Belum Balik Nama15 Mei 2024
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/anak-memprovokasi-tindak-pidana-lt6412dded64d98/
Anak Memprovokasi Tindak Pidana, Bisakah Dihukum?
pages/155/page-6.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. **Artikel ini dibuat berdasarkan KUHP lama dan UU 1/2023 tentang KUHP yang diundangkan pada tanggal 2 Januari 2023.** ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Mengenal Ragam Hukuman Pidana untuk Anak ](/klinik/a/hukuman-pidana-untuk-anak-lt4f768a60341d9/) ![Mengenal Ragam Hukuman Pidana untuk Anak](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt4f768a60341d9/thumbnail_lt56d40469703f6.jpg) 30 Apr 2024 [ #### Jerat Hukum Pemerkosaan Anak Kandung oleh Orang Tua ](/klinik/a/pemerkosaan-anak-kandung-lt5611bd4d29799/) ![Jerat Hukum Pemerkosaan Anak Kandung oleh Orang Tua](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt5611bd4d29799/thumbnail_lt641023c0cff58.jpg) 14 Mar 2023 [ #### Jerat Hukum Pengguna Jasa Prostitusi Anak ](/klinik/a/jerat-hukum-pengguna-jasa-prostitusi-anak-lt60b1ceb54a8cd/) ![Jerat Hukum Pengguna Jasa Prostitusi Anak](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt60b1ceb54a8cd/thumbnail_lt6409c0d62d98c.jpg) 09 Mar 2023 [ #### Jerat Pasal Penganiayaan Anak yang Menyebabkan Koma ](/klinik/a/jerat-pasal-penganiayaan-anak-lt4f12a3f7630d1/) ![Jerat Pasal Penganiayaan Anak yang Menyebabkan Koma](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt4f12a3f7630d1/thumbnail_lt63fd570f1cd2b.jpg) 27 Feb 2023 [](#!) Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Jerat Pidana ‘Memprovokasi’ Tindak Pidana** Sebelumnya, kami turut prihatin atas kejadian yang menimpa korban. Semoga korban segera pulih dan sehat seperti sediakala dan nantinya mendapatkan keadilan atas kejadian tersebut. Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Berbicara tentang tindak pidana anak, terdapat kasus 3 dasawarsa lalu yang menghebohkan Merseyside, Inggris. Seorang anak yang berumur 2 tahun dibunuh oleh 2 orang anak berusia 10 tahun dengan cara yang kejam dan tidak berprikemanusiaan, melewati batas-batas kenormalan. Akan tetapi, karena dilakukan oleh pelaku berumur 10 tahun, maka tetap menggunakan persidangan anak dan diperlakukan layaknya seorang anak begitu juga vonis yang diterima. Kasus tersebut menimbulkan tekanan masyarakat terhadap lembaga peradilan bahkan hingga saat ini masih berlanjut dengan petisi-petisi.  Di Indonesia, anak yang menjadi pelaku tindak pidana atau [anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum](https://www.hukumonline.com/kamus/a/anak-yang-berkonflik-dengan-hukum) adalah **berusia 12 tahun dan belum berumur 18 tahun**. Hal ini ditegaskan di dalam **Pasal 1 angka 3 [UU SPPA](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5024cc61e623d/undang-undang-nomor-11-tahun-2012?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_11_2012)** yang berbunyi sebagai berikut. _Anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum yang selanjutnya disebut anak adalah anak yang telah berumur 12 (dua belas tahun), tetapi belum berumur 18 (delapan belas) tahun yang diduga melakukan tindak pidana_ Selanjutnya, anak yang melakukan aduan atau provokasi kepada orang lain untuk melakukan penganiayaan berat hingga menyebabkan korban koma sekaligus merekam aksi penganiayaan tersebut, berdasarkan **[KUHP](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4c7b7fd88a8c3/nprt/38/wetboek-van-strafrecht-\(wvs\)-kitab-undang-undang-hukum-pidana-\(kuhp\)?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHP)** yang pada saat artikel ini diterbitkan masih berlaku, maka anak tersebut dapat dilaporkan kepada Kepolisian atas dasar **Pasal 353 ayat (1) dan (2) KUHP** jika direncanakan atau **Pasal 354 ayat (1) KUHP** jika tidak direncanakan, _jo._ turut serta melakukan tindak pidana **Pasal 55 KUHP.** Adapun, dalam **[UU 1/2023](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b3943c53853/undang-undang-nomor-1-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_1_2023_KUHP_baru)** tentang KUHP baru yang berlaku 3 tahun sejak diundangkan,[\[1\]](#_ftn1) yaitu 2026 diatur di **Pasal 467 ayat (1) dan (2) UU 1/2023** jika direncanakan atau **Pasal 468 ayat (1) UU 1/2023** jika tidak direncanakan, _jo._ turut serta melakukan tindak pidana **Pasal 20 UU 1/2023**. **KUHP** **UU 1/2023** **Pasal 353 ayat (1) dan (2) KUHP** 1. Penganiayaan yang dilakukan dengan direncanakan terlebih dahulu dihukum penjara selama-lamanya empat tahun. 2. Jika perbuatan itu menjadikan luka berat, sitersalah dihukum penjara selama-lamanya tujuh tahun. **Pasal 467 ayat (1) dan (2) UU 1/2023** 1. Setiap orang yang melakukan penganiayaan dengan rencana lebih dahulu, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 4 tahun. 2. Jika perbuatan sebagaimana dimaksud ayat (1) mengakibatkan luka berat, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 7 tahun. **Pasal 354 ayat (1) KUHP** Barang siapa dengan sengaja melukai berat orang lain dihukum karena menganiaya berat dengan hukuman selama-lamanya delapan tahun. **Pasal 468 ayat (1) UU 1/2023** Setiap orang yang melukai berat orang lain, dipidana karena penganiayaan berat, dengan pidana penjara paling lama 8 tahun **Pasal 55 KUHP** 1. Dipidana sebagai pelaku tindak pidana: 1. Mereka yang melakukan, yang menyuruhlakukan dan yang turut serta melakukan perbuatan; 2. Mereka yang dengan memberi atau menjanjikan sesuatu, dengan menyalahgunakan kekuasaan atau martabat, dengan kekerasan, ancaman ataupun penyesatan, atau dengan memberi kesempatan, sarana dan keterangan, sengaja menganjurkan orang lain supaya melakukan perbuatan; 2. Terhadap penganjur, hanya perbuatan yang disengaja dianjurkan sajalah yang diperhitungkan beserta akibat-akibatnya. **Pasal 20 UU 1/2023** Setiap orang dipidana dengan pelaku tindak pidana jika: 1. melakukan sendiri tindak pidana; 2. melakukan tindak pidana dengan perantaraan alat atau menyuruh orang lain yang tidak dapat dipertanggungjawabkan; 3. turut serta melakukan tindak pidana; atau 4. menggerakkan orang lain supaya melakukan tindak pidana dengan cara memberi atau menjanjikan sesuatu, menyalahgunakan kekuasaan atau martabat, melakukan kekerasan, menggunakan ancaman kekerasan, melakukan penyesatan, atau dengan memberi kesempatan, sarana, atau keterangan. ‘Provokasi’ yang dilakukan oleh pelaku anak dapat diartikan sebagai menggerakkan orang lain supaya melakukan tindak pidana, termasuk membujuk, menganjurkan, memancing, atau memikat orang lain dengan cara tertentu.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Hal tersebut tergolong sebagai penyertaan atau turut serta melakukan tindak pidana. Adapun perbedaan antara penyertaan dan pembantuan tindak pidana adalah dalam penyertaan terdapat kerja sama yang erat antarmereka yang turut serta melakukan tindak pidana. Sedangkan dalam pembantuan tindak pidana, kerja sama antar pelaku dan orang yang membantu tidak seerat kerja sama dalam penyertaan.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Baca juga: **[Perbedaan Turut Serta dan Pembantuan Tindak Pidana](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/perbedaan-turut-serta-dan-pembantuan-tindak-pidana-lt519a34bca3574?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=turut_serta)** ### **Bisakah Anak yang ‘Memprovokasi’ Tindak Pidana Dihukum?** Dalam sistem hukum di Indonesia, tidak ada pembeda penerapan pasal-pasal pidana bagi anak yang melakukan tindak pidana atau pelaku anak atau anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum dengan pidana terhadap orang dewasa. Lantas, bisakah anak dihukum atas provokasi tindak pidana? Jawabannya bisa. Akan tetapi, berdasarkan UU SPPA pelaku anak tidak boleh dijatuhi pidana mati atau pidana seumur hidup.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) Selain itu, terdapat perbedaan pidana pokok dan pidana tambahan bagi anak. Pidana pokok bagi anak terdiri atas pidana peringatan, pidana dengan syarat, pelatihan kerja, pembinaan dalam lembaga, dan penjara.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) Sebagai catatan, anak yang belum berusia 14 tahun, hanya dapat dikenai tindakan.[\[6\]](#_ftn6) Jika anak yang melakukan tindak pidana belum berumur 12 tahun maka akan diserahkan kembali ke orang tua/wali, mengikutsertakan dalam program pendidikan, pembinaan, dan pembimbingan maksimal 6 bulan.[\[7\]](#_ftn7) Sementara itu, anak dijatuhi pidana penjara di Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak (“LPKA”) jika keadaan dan perbuatan anak akan membahayakan masyarakat. Sementara, pidana penjara yang dijatuhkan kepada anak maksimal ½ dari maksimum ancaman pidana penjara bagi orang dewasa. Adapun, pidana penjara bagi anak hanya digunakan sebagai upaya terakhir.[\[8\]](#_ftn8) Baca juga: **[Mengenal Macam-macam Sanksi Pidana Anak](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/sanksi-pidana-anak-lt4f768a60341d9#_ftnref4?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=sanksi_pidana_anak)** Dalam sistem peradilan pidana anak wajib mengedepankan keadilan restoratif dan diversi. Selengkapnya tentang diversi dapat Anda baca dalam artikel **[Upayakan Diversi, Begini Prosedur Peradilan Pidana Anak](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/upayakan-diversi--begini-prosedur-peradilan-pidana-anak-cl4775?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=diversi_anak).** Demikian jawaban kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4c7b7fd88a8c3/nprt/38/wetboek-van-strafrecht-\(wvs\)-kitab-undang-undang-hukum-pidana-\(kuhp\)?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHP) Undang-undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5024cc61e623d/undang-undang-nomor-11-tahun-2012?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_11_2012) Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b3943c53853/undang-undang-nomor-1-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_1_2023_KUHP_baru) * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Pasal 624 [Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b3943c53853/undang-undang-nomor-1-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_1_2023_KUHP_baru) (“UU 1/2023”) [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Penjelasan Pasal 20 huruf d UU 1/2023 [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Penjelasan Pasal 21 huruf b UU 1/2023 [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 3 huruf f [Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2011 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5024cc61e623d/undang-undang-nomor-11-tahun-2012?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_11_2012) (“UU SPPA”) [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Pasal 71 ayat (1) UU SPPA [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Pasal 69 ayat (2) UU SPPA [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Pasal 21 ayat (1) UU SPPA [\[8\]](#_ftnref8) Pasal 81 ayat (1), (2), dan (5) UU SPPA Tags ---- [anak](/tag/anak) [peradilan pidana anak](/tag/peradilan-pidana-anak) [pidana anak](/tag/pidana-anak) [sistem peradilan pidana anak](/tag/sistem-peradilan-pidana-anak)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.KLINIK TERKAITHukumnya Online Shop Menyebarkan Data Pribadi Customer16 Des 2022Perbedaan Pengendali dan Prosesor Data Pribadi Menurut UU PDP07 Des 2022Tanggung Jawab BPJS atas Kebocoran Data Pribadi Pesertanya02 Des 2022Terima Paket COD Pakai Data Pribadi yang Dicuri, Ini Langkah Hukumnya29 Nov 2022 Hukum Pelindungan Data PribadiSebelum menjawab inti pertanyaan, kami mengasumsikan Anda sempat mengajukan permohonan kartu kredit yang kemudian ditolak oleh pihak bank. Oleh karena itu, kami menyarankan langkah pertama yang bisa dilakukan adalah menghubungi pihak bank untuk mengonfirmasi kebenaran identitas sales bank yang menemui Anda. Sebab pengajuan kartu kredit secara umum dilakukan dengan datang langsung ke bank.Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Apabila bank menginformasikan tidak mengirimkan sales bank, maka pihak yang mengaku sebagai sales bank itu palsu dan ini berpotensi terjadinya pelanggaran data pribadi antara lain pemrosesan data pribadi tanpa izin, penyalahgunaan data pribadi seperti doxing, penipuan, data pribadi diperjualbelikan, dan lain-lain.Dalam rangka melindungi hak konstitusional warga negara atas data pribadi, kini telah diterbitkan UU PDP yang mana pelindungan data pribadi adalah keseluruhan upaya untuk melindungi data pribadi dalam rangkaian pemrosesan data pribadi guna menjamin hak konstitusional subjek data pribadi.[1]Data pribadi berdasarkan UU PDP dibagi menjadi 2 yakni:[2]Data pribadi yang bersifat spesifik, meliputi data dan informasi kesehatan, data biometrik, data genetika, catatan kejahatan, data anak, data keuangan pribadi; dan/atau data lainnya sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang- undangan.Data pribadi yang bersifat umum, meliputi nama lengkap, jenis kelamin, kewarganegaraan, agama, status perkawinan, dan/atau data pribadi yang dikombinasikan untuk mengidentifikasi seseorang.Dalam melakukan pemrosesan data pribadi terdapat kewajiban yang harus dipenuhi pengendali data pribadi yaitu salah satunya adanya persetujuan yang sah secara eksplisit dari subjek data pribadi untuk 1 atau beberapa tujuan tertentu yang telah disampaikan oleh pengendali data pribadi kepada subjek data pribadi.[3] Sanksi Pidana dan Gugatan PerdataLantas, bagaimana hukumnya jika data pribadi disalahgunakan?  Pelaku dapat dijerat menggunakan sanksi yang diatur dalam Pasal 67 dan 68 UU PDP sesuai dengan perbuatan yang dilakukan. Selengkapnya kami telah mengulas sanksi penyalahgunaan data pribadi dalam Terjadi Pencurian Data Pribadi (Identity Theft)? Tempuh Langkah Ini.Merujuk pada kondisi yang Anda alami, apabila sales bank ternyata palsu, ia dapat dijerat pasal dengan sengaja dan melawan hukum memperoleh atau mengumpulkan data pribadi yang bukan miliknya dengan maksud untuk menguntungkan diri sendiri atau orang lain yang dapat mengakibatkan kerugian subjek data pribadi dipidana penjara paling lama 5 tahun dan/atau pidana denda paling banyak Rp5 miliar.[4]Selain sanksi pidana, Anda selaku korban yang dilanggar haknya juga dapat mengajukan gugatan atas kerugian yang ditimbulkan oleh sales kartu kredit palsu atas penyalahgunaan data pribadi. Adapun dasar gugatan tersebut adalah Pasal 1365  KUH Perdata tentang perbuatan melawan hukum (onrechtmatige daad).Pengajuan gugatan perbuatan melawan hukum ini didasarkan pada ketentuan dalam Pasal 12 ayat (1) UU PDP, Pasal 26 ayat (1) dan (2) UU 19/2016, dan Pasal 39 ayat (1) UU ITE. Langkah yang Bisa DitempuhMelaporkan ke bank Anda pertama-tama bisa mengonfirmasi kepada pihak bank terkait kebenaran identitas sales bank. Jika didapati bahwa sales bank itu palsu, ini bisa dijadikan sebagai alat bukti membuat laporan ke polisi, bahwa telah terjadi dugaan pelanggaran data pribadi. Melaporkan ke polisi Atas pelanggaran data pribadi oleh sales kartu kredit palsu, Anda bisa segera melaporkan ke polisi. Langkah selanjutnya Anda dapat membaca Mau Melaporkan Tindak Pidana ke Polisi? Begini Prosedurnya. Menggugat PerdataSelain melaporkan tindak pidana penyalahgunaan data pribadi ke polisi, Anda dapat menggugat secara perdata atas kerugian yang ditimbulkan melalui gugatan perbuatan melawan hukum. Menyelesaikan sengketa via arbitrase atau lembaga penyelesaian sengketa alternatifSelain diselesaikan secara jalur litigasi, Anda bisa mengupayakan penyelesaian melalui arbitrase atau lembaga penyelesaian sengketa alternatif lainnya.[5] Tips Mencegah Penyalahgunaan Data PribadiPihak sales bank pada umumnya tidak akan pernah meminta agar nasabah memberitahu nomor kartu kredit, kode CCV, kode OTP, password, dan lain-lain.Jangan mudah memberikan data pribadi kepada seseorang maupun mengunggah data pribadi seperti KTP atau Kartu Keluarga (KK) ke media sosial.Jangan menggunakan VPN gratis untuk mengakses internet dan perhatikan keamanan jaringan yang digunakan.Perhatikan keamanan situs yang diakses dengan cara jangan sembarang login, akses atau klik link/pop up/iklan yang mencurigakan.Laporkan nomor sales bank palsu kepada pihak bank yang bersangkutan dan laporkan ke polisi. Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUMKitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata;Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi ElektronikUndang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi ElektronikUndang-Undang Nomor 27 Tahun 2022 tentang Pelindungan Data Pribadi[1] Pasal 1 angka 2 Undang-Undang Nomor 27 Tahun 2022 tentang Pelindungan Data Pribadi (“UU PDP”)[2] Pasal 4 UU PDP[3] Pasal 20 ayat (2) huruf a UU PDP[4] Pasal 67 ayat (1) UU PDP[5] Pasal 64 ayat (1) UU PDPTagsbankdata pribadipelindungan data pribadiuu pdp
Beberapa waktu lalu saya didatangi sales bank yang mengatakan pengajuan kartu kredit saya dibuka kembali, setelah sebelumnya ditolak. Setelahnya, saya diminta mengisi form aplikasi pengajuan kartu. Saya mengisi alamat e-mail, nomor telepon dan alamat kontak darurat, nomor telepon kantor, dan tanda tangan. Saya tidak mengisi NIK, NPWP, nomor KK, alamat saya, nama ibu kandung serta tidak mengirimkan foto selfie KTP dan dokumen lain karena mulai curiga. Kalau nanti data saya disalahgunakan, langkah apa yang harus saya lakukan? Terima kasih.
Hal pertama yang dapat Anda lakukan adalah memastikan kebenaran identitas sales bank kepada pihak bank yang bersangkutan. Jika didapati sales bank itu palsu, Anda baru dapat melakukan langkah-langkah berikut ini sebagai bentuk proteksi atas dugaan penyalahgunaan data pribadi. Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Hukumnya Online Shop Menyebarkan Data Pribadi Customer16 Des 2022Perbedaan Pengendali dan Prosesor Data Pribadi Menurut UU PDP07 Des 2022Tanggung Jawab BPJS atas Kebocoran Data Pribadi Pesertanya02 Des 2022Terima Paket COD Pakai Data Pribadi yang Dicuri, Ini Langkah Hukumnya29 Nov 2022Hukumnya Online Shop Menyebarkan Data Pribadi Customer16 Des 2022Perbedaan Pengendali dan Prosesor Data Pribadi Menurut UU PDP07 Des 2022Tanggung Jawab BPJS atas Kebocoran Data Pribadi Pesertanya02 Des 2022Terima Paket COD Pakai Data Pribadi yang Dicuri, Ini Langkah Hukumnya29 Nov 2022Cara Mengurus Surat Cerai dan Langkah Mengajukan Gugatannya22 Jun 2023Somasi: Pengertian, Dasar Hukum, dan Cara Membuatnya 7 Jun 2023Cara Menghitung Pembebasan Bersyarat bagi Narapidana3 Agu 2022Cara Mengurus Surat Cerai dan Langkah Mengajukan Gugatannya22 Jun 2023Somasi: Pengertian, Dasar Hukum, dan Cara Membuatnya 7 Jun 2023Cara Menghitung Pembebasan Bersyarat bagi Narapidana3 Agu 2022
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/terlanjur-beri-data-pribadi-ke-isales-i-bank-palsu-lakukan-ini-lt62d2d2e374f28/
Terlanjur Beri Data Pribadi ke Sales Bank Palsu? Lakukan Ini
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika)**.** ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Hukumnya _Online Shop_ Menyebarkan Data Pribadi _Customer_ ](/klinik/a/hukumnya-online-shop-menyebarkan-data-pribadi-customer-lt606bf1b8b3d7e/) ![Hukumnya <i>Online Shop</i> Menyebarkan Data Pribadi <i>Customer</i>](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt606bf1b8b3d7e/thumbnail_lt639c4f0a24960.jpg) 16 Des 2022 [ #### Perbedaan Pengendali dan Prosesor Data Pribadi Menurut UU PDP ](/klinik/a/perbedaan-pengendali-dan-prosesor-data-pribadi-menurut-uu-pdp-lt636d1861766bc/) ![Perbedaan Pengendali dan Prosesor Data Pribadi Menurut UU PDP](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt636d1861766bc/thumbnail_lt63908cc133bfe.jpg) 07 Des 2022 [ #### Tanggung Jawab BPJS atas Kebocoran Data Pribadi Pesertanya ](/klinik/a/tanggung-jawab-bpjs-atas-kebocoran-data-pribadi-pesertanya-lt6389d13f91363/) ![Tanggung Jawab BPJS atas Kebocoran Data Pribadi Pesertanya](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt6389d13f91363/thumbnail_lt6389d2582294d.jpg) 02 Des 2022 [ #### Terima Paket COD Pakai Data Pribadi yang Dicuri, Ini Langkah Hukumnya ](/klinik/a/terima-paket-cod-pakai-data-pribadi-yang-dicuri-lt62f4b91d4e40f/) ![Terima Paket COD Pakai Data Pribadi yang Dicuri, Ini Langkah Hukumnya](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt62f4b91d4e40f/thumbnail_lt6385e222a9975.jpg) 29 Nov 2022 [](#!) ### **Hukum Pelindungan Data Pribadi** Sebelum menjawab inti pertanyaan, kami mengasumsikan Anda sempat mengajukan permohonan kartu kredit yang kemudian ditolak oleh pihak bank. Oleh karena itu, kami menyarankan langkah pertama yang bisa dilakukan adalah menghubungi pihak bank untuk mengonfirmasi kebenaran identitas _sales_ bank yang menemui Anda. Sebab pengajuan kartu kredit secara umum dilakukan dengan datang langsung ke bank. Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Apabila bank menginformasikan tidak mengirimkan _sales_ bank, maka pihak yang mengaku sebagai _sales_ bank itu palsu dan ini berpotensi terjadinya pelanggaran data pribadi antara lain pemrosesan data pribadi tanpa izin, penyalahgunaan data pribadi seperti _doxing_, penipuan, data pribadi diperjualbelikan, dan lain-lain. Dalam rangka melindungi hak konstitusional warga negara atas data pribadi, kini telah diterbitkan **[UU PDP](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt634e841e24ca9/undang-undang-nomor-27-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_27_2022)** yang mana pelindungan data pribadi adalah keseluruhan upaya untuk melindungi data pribadi dalam rangkaian pemrosesan data pribadi guna menjamin hak konstitusional subjek data pribadi.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Data pribadi berdasarkan UU PDP dibagi menjadi 2 yakni:[\[2\]](#_ftn2) 1. **Data pribadi yang bersifat spesifik**, meliputi data dan informasi kesehatan, data biometrik, data genetika, catatan kejahatan, data anak, data keuangan pribadi; dan/atau data lainnya sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang- undangan. 2. **Data pribadi yang bersifat umum**, meliputi nama lengkap, jenis kelamin, kewarganegaraan, agama, status perkawinan, dan/atau data pribadi yang dikombinasikan untuk mengidentifikasi seseorang. Dalam melakukan pemrosesan data pribadi terdapat kewajiban yang harus dipenuhi pengendali data pribadi yaitu salah satunya **adanya persetujuan yang sah secara eksplisit dari subjek data pribadi** untuk 1 atau beberapa tujuan tertentu yang telah disampaikan oleh pengendali data pribadi kepada subjek data pribadi.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) ### **Sanksi Pidana dan Gugatan Perdata** Lantas, bagaimana hukumnya jika data pribadi disalahgunakan?  Pelaku dapat dijerat menggunakan sanksi yang diatur dalam **Pasal 67 dan 68 UU PDP** sesuai dengan perbuatan yang dilakukan. Selengkapnya kami telah mengulas sanksi penyalahgunaan data pribadi dalam **[Terjadi Pencurian Data Pribadi (_Identity Theft_)? Tempuh Langkah Ini](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/terjadi-pencurian-data-pribadi-tempuh-langkah-ini-lt5d904597bfa6e?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=terjadi_pencurian_data_pribadi)**. Merujuk pada kondisi yang Anda alami, apabila _sales_ bank ternyata palsu, ia dapat dijerat pasal dengan sengaja dan melawan hukum **memperoleh atau mengumpulkan data pribadi yang bukan miliknya** dengan maksud untuk menguntungkan diri sendiri atau orang lain yang dapat mengakibatkan kerugian subjek data pribadi dipidana penjara paling lama 5 tahun dan/atau pidana denda paling banyak Rp5 miliar.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) Selain sanksi pidana, Anda selaku korban yang dilanggar haknya juga dapat mengajukan gugatan atas kerugian yang ditimbulkan oleh _sales_ kartu kredit palsu atas penyalahgunaan data pribadi. Adapun dasar gugatan tersebut adalah **Pasal 1365**  **[KUH Perdata](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17229/burgerlijk-wetboek?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHPerdata)** tentang perbuatan melawan hukum _(onrechtmatige daad)_. Pengajuan gugatan perbuatan melawan hukum ini didasarkan pada ketentuan dalam **Pasal 12 ayat (1) UU PDP, Pasal 26 ayat (1) dan (2) [UU 19/2016](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt584a7363785c8?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_19_2016)**, dan **Pasal 39 ayat (1) [UU ITE](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/27912/undangundang-nomor-11-tahun-2008?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_11_2008)**. ### **Langkah yang Bisa Ditempuh** 1. **Melaporkan ke bank** Anda pertama-tama bisa mengonfirmasi kepada pihak bank terkait kebenaran identitas _sales_ bank. Jika didapati bahwa _sales_ bank itu palsu, ini bisa dijadikan sebagai alat bukti membuat laporan ke polisi, bahwa telah terjadi dugaan pelanggaran data pribadi. 2. **Melaporkan ke polisi** Atas pelanggaran data pribadi oleh _sales_ kartu kredit palsu, Anda bisa segera melaporkan ke polisi. Langkah selanjutnya Anda dapat membaca **[Mau Melaporkan Tindak Pidana ke Polisi? Begini Prosedurnya](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/mau-melaporkan-tindak-pidana-ke-polisi-begini-prosedurnya-lt504d52481c208/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=mau_lapor_tindak_pidana_ke_polisi)**. 3. **Menggugat Perdata** Selain melaporkan tindak pidana penyalahgunaan data pribadi ke polisi, Anda dapat menggugat secara perdata atas kerugian yang ditimbulkan melalui gugatan perbuatan melawan hukum. 4. **Menyelesaikan sengketa via arbitrase atau lembaga penyelesaian sengketa alternatif** Selain diselesaikan secara jalur litigasi, Anda bisa mengupayakan penyelesaian melalui arbitrase atau lembaga penyelesaian sengketa alternatif lainnya.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) ### **Tips Mencegah Penyalahgunaan Data Pribadi** 1. Pihak _sales_ bank pada umumnya tidak akan pernah meminta agar nasabah memberitahu nomor kartu kredit, kode CCV, kode OTP, password, dan lain-lain. 2. Jangan mudah memberikan data pribadi kepada seseorang maupun mengunggah data pribadi seperti KTP atau Kartu Keluarga (KK) ke media sosial. 3. Jangan menggunakan VPN gratis untuk mengakses internet dan perhatikan keamanan jaringan yang digunakan. 4. Perhatikan keamanan situs yang diakses dengan cara jangan sembarang _login_, akses atau klik _link_/_pop up_/iklan yang mencurigakan. 5. Laporkan nomor _sales_ bank palsu kepada pihak bank yang bersangkutan dan laporkan ke polisi. Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata; [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17229/burgerlijk-wetboek?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHPerdata) Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/27912/undangundang-nomor-11-tahun-2008?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_11_2008) Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt584a7363785c8?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_19_2016) Undang-Undang Nomor 27 Tahun 2022 tentang Pelindungan Data Pribadi [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt634e841e24ca9/undang-undang-nomor-27-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_27_2022) * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Pasal 1 angka 2 [Undang-Undang Nomor 27 Tahun 2022 tentang Pelindungan Data Pribadi](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt634e841e24ca9/undang-undang-nomor-27-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_27_2022) (“UU PDP”) [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal 4 UU PDP [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 20 ayat (2) huruf a UU PDP [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 67 ayat (1) UU PDP [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Pasal 64 ayat (1) UU PDP Tags ---- [bank](/tag/bank) [data pribadi](/tag/data-pribadi) [pelindungan data pribadi](/tag/pelindungan-data-pribadi) [uu pdp](/tag/uu-pdp)
ULASAN LENGKAPThis article is an English translation of Bertransaksi dengan Pihak Asing Menggunakan Mata Uang Asing di Wilayah Indonesia written by Dian Dwi Jayanti, S.H., and was published on Friday, 10 March 2023. This article below is an update of the article with the same title, which was first written by Tri Jata Ayu Pramesti, S.H., and was first published on Monday, 29 September 2014. All legal information available on Klinik hukumonline.com has been prepared for educational purposes only and is general in nature (read the complete Disclaimer). In order to obtain legal advice specific to your case, please consult with Justika Partner Consultant.Provision of Fisheries in IndonesiaBefore answering your question, we will assume that the sea you are referring to is a sea within Indonesian territory. The sovereignty as an archipelagic country includes lands, inland waters, archipelagic waters, and territorial sea, including air space above them and seabed and its subsoil thereof, including natural resources therein.[1]Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Also read: Maritime Zone Boundaries and International Law of the Sea Dispute SettlementFurthermore, basically, the Government and the Regional Government in accordance with their authority shall conduct Marine Management for the prosperity of the people through the utilization and exploitation of Marine Resources using blue economic principles.[2] One of the exploitation of Marine Resources is the fishery,[3] which is all activities related to the management and utilization of fish resources and their environment starting from pre-production, production, post-production, and processing to marketing which are carried out in a fishery business system.[4]Can Fishermen Sell Fish to Foreign Parties?In essence, Indonesian fishermen may sell fish to foreign parties, however, there are provisions from the laws and regulations and the minister which regulate the determination of what types of fish may be traded to and from Indonesian territory.The said provision can be found under Article 7 section (1) letter t and u Law 45/2009, that state:In order to support the management of fish resources policy, the Minister shall stipulate types of fish that are prohibited to be traded, imported, and exported to and from the territory of the Republic of Indonesia as well as protected species of fish.Examples of provisions regarding the prohibition of exporting certain types of fish are found under Article 1 Regulation of the Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries 18/2020, as follows:Every person or corporation is prohibited from releasing/exporting Arowana fish (Scleropages sp.) and Botia fish (Chromobotia macracanthus) from the territory of the Republic of Indonesia to outside the territory of the Republic of Indonesia.Arowana fish (Scleropages sp.) include:Super Red Arowana fish (Scleropages formosus), is a fish less than 12 cm (twelve centimeters) including eggs; andArowana Jardinii (Scleropages jardinii), is a fish less than 10 cm (ten centimeters) including eggs.Botia fish (Chromobotia macracanthus) is a fish less than 3.5 cm (three point five centimeters) and more than 10 cm (ten centimeters).The descriptions of Arowana fish (Scleropages sp.) and Botia fish (Chromobotia macracanthus) as referred to in section (2) and section (3) are set out in the Appendix which constitutes an integral part of this Regulation of the Minister.Provision of the Transaction with Foreign PartyAccording to Article 21 section (1) Law 7/2011, rupiah shall be used in:any transaction which has a payment purpose;settlement of other obligations which have to be settled by using money; and/orother transactions.Thus, in response to your question, the abovementioned provision affirms that any transactions which have the purpose of payment within Indonesian territory are required to use rupiah. Still, in relation to Article 21 section (1) Law 7/2011, Article 33 section (1) Law 7/2011 states that:Any person who does not use rupiah in:any transaction which has a payment purpose;settlement of other obligations which have to be settled by using money; and/orother financial transactions as referred to in Article 21 section (1) shall be sentenced with imprisonment for a maximum of 1 (one) year and subject to a fine maximum in the amount of Rp200.000.000, 00 (two hundred million rupiahs).So, if a fisherman receives foreign currency, does the fisherman have the right to reject the foreign currency which he receives from the foreign party? This is regulated under Article 23 Law 7/2011, which is:Every person is prohibited to refuse in accepting rupiah whose handover is intended as payment or to settle an obligation which must be settled with rupiah and/or for the other financial transactions in the Territory of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia.The provisions as referred to in paragraph (1) shall be excluded for the payment or the settlement of an obligation in a foreign currency which has been agreed in writing.Therefore, in our opinion, the above provisions can be interpreted as a violation of the law for fishermen who receive foreign currency (exchange) as payment. Unless he is in doubt as to the authenticity of the rupiah or there has been an obligation to pay in foreign currency that has been agreed in writing.There is also a criminal sanction for a person who refuses to accept rupiah whose handover is intended to settle as a payment or to settle an obligation that has to be settled by using rupiah and/or other financial transactions in the Territory of the Republic of Indonesia, unless due to doubt regarding the originality of rupiah as referred to in Article 23 Law 7/2011, shall be sentenced with imprisonment for a maximum of 1 (one) year and subject to a fine maximum in the amount of Rp200.000.000, 00 (two hundred million rupiah).[5]Also read: This is the Regulation of the Use of Rupiah in IndonesiaIn conclusion, fishermen may sell fish to foreign parties by taking into account the rules regarding the prohibition of the release/export of certain types of fish in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries 18/2020. In addition, foreign parties who engage in fish sales and purchase transactions with Indonesian fishermen in Indonesian waters are required to use rupiah currency as legal tender. If the parties violate the provisions, then the parties may be threatened with imprisonment for a maximum of 1 (one) year and a maximum fine of IDR 200 million.Enrich your legal research with the latest bilingual legal analysis, as well as the collection of regulatory translations integrated into Hukumonline Pro, click here to learn more.These are the answers we can provide, we hope you will find them useful.Legal Basis:Law Number 31 of 2004 on Fishery as amended by Law Number 45 of 2009 on the Amendment to Law Number 31 of 2004 on Fishery;Law Number 7 of 2011 on Currency;Law Number 32 of 2014 on Marine Affairs;Law Number 7 of 2016 on the Protection and Empowerment of Fishermen, Fish Farmers, and Salt Farmers;Regulation of the Government in Lieu of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation;Regulation of the Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Number 18 of 2020 on the Prohibition of the Export of Arowana Fish (Scleropages Sp.) and Botia Fish (Chromobotia Macracanthus) from the Territory of the Republic of Indonesia to Outside the Territory of the Republic of Indonesia.[1] Article 5 section (2) Law Number 32 of 2014 on Marine Affairs (“Law 32/2014”).[2] Article 14 section (1) Law 32/2014.[3] Article 14 section (2) letter a Law 32/2014.[4] Article 115 number 1 Regulation of the Government in Lieu of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation (“Perppu 2/2022”) which amended Article 1 number 20 Law Number 7 of 2016 on the Protection and Empowerment of Fishermen, Fish Farmers, and Salt Farmers (“Law 7/2016”).[5] Article 33 section (2) Law Number 7 of 2011 on Currency (“Law 7/2011”).Tagsklinik english edition
Are Indonesian fishermen who sell fish to foreign parties violate any laws? Then, if the payment is using a foreign currency, is this also a violation of the laws?
Basically, Indonesian fishermen may sell fish to foreign parties, however, there are provisions from the minister that regulate the determination of what types of fish may be traded to and from Indonesian territory. Then, rupiah must be used in a transaction that has a payment purpose. So, what if fishermen and foreign parties conduct transactions using foreign currencies? Are there any exceptions? What are the legal provisions? Please read the review below for a further explanation. Ini Cara Mengurus Akta Nikah yang Terlambat 30 Sep 2022Simak! Ini 5 Langkah Merger PT 22 Mei 2023Syarat dan Prosedur Hibah Saham11 Okt 2022Ini Cara Mengurus Akta Nikah yang Terlambat 30 Sep 2022Simak! Ini 5 Langkah Merger PT 22 Mei 2023Syarat dan Prosedur Hibah Saham11 Okt 2022
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/transactions-with-foreign-parties-using-foreign-currencies-in-indonesia-lt6411ad06abb99/
Transactions with Foreign Parties Using Foreign Currencies in Indonesia
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- This article is an English translation of [**_Bertransaksi dengan Pihak Asing Menggunakan Mata Uang Asing di Wilayah Indonesia_**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/bertransaksi-dengan-pihak-asing-menggunakan-mata-uang-asing-di-wilayah-indonesia-lt54242ff74b211?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=bertransaksi_dengan_pihak_asing_mata_uang_asing) written by [**Dian Dwi Jayanti, S.H.**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/dian-dwi-jayanti--sh-lt6374680d16d2f), and was published on Friday, 10 March 2023. **This article below is an update of the article with the same title, which was first written by** [**Tri Jata Ayu Pramesti, S.H.**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/tri-jata-ayu-pramesti--sh-lt5165540a9b53c)**, and was first published on Monday, 29 September 2014.**  All legal information available on Klinik hukumonline.com has been prepared for educational purposes only and is general in nature (read the complete [**Disclaimer**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer)). In order to obtain legal advice specific to your case, please consult with [**Justika Partner Consultant**](https://www.justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Provision of Fisheries in Indonesia** Before answering your question, we will assume that the sea you are referring to is a sea within Indonesian territory. The sovereignty as an archipelagic country includes lands, inland waters, archipelagic waters, and territorial sea, including air space above them and seabed and its subsoil thereof, including natural resources therein.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Also read: [**Maritime Zone Boundaries and International Law of the Sea Dispute Settlement**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/batas-zona-maritim-dalam-hukum-laut-internasional-lt631aa324cb706?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=batas_zona_maritim#_ftnref21) Furthermore, basically, the Government and the Regional Government in accordance with their authority shall conduct Marine Management for the prosperity of the people through the utilization and exploitation of Marine Resources using blue economic principles.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) One of the exploitation of Marine Resources is the fishery,[\[3\]](#_ftn3) which is all activities related to the management and utilization of fish resources and their environment starting from pre-production, production, post-production, and processing to marketing which are carried out in a fishery business system.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) ### **Can Fishermen Sell Fish to Foreign Parties?** In essence, Indonesian fishermen may sell fish to foreign parties, however, there are provisions from the laws and regulations and the minister which regulate the determination of what types of fish may be traded to and from Indonesian territory. The said provision can be found under **Article 7 section (1) letter t and u** [**Law 45/2009**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4b22031a01f26/undangundang-nomor-45-tahun-2009/translations?utm_medium=internal_link_klinik), that state: _In order to support the management of fish resources policy, the Minister shall stipulate types of fish that are prohibited to be traded, imported, and exported to and from the territory of the Republic of Indonesia as well as protected species of fish._ Examples of provisions regarding the prohibition of exporting certain types of fish are found under **Article 1** [**Regulation of the Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries 18/2020**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5f2b7a45aa605?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=permenkp_18_2020), as follows: 1. Every person or corporation is prohibited from releasing/exporting Arowana fish (Scleropages sp.) and Botia fish (Chromobotia macracanthus) from the territory of the Republic of Indonesia to outside the territory of the Republic of Indonesia. 2. Arowana fish (Scleropages sp.) include: 1. Super Red Arowana fish (Scleropages formosus), is a fish less than 12 cm (twelve centimeters) including eggs; and 2. Arowana Jardinii (Scleropages jardinii), is a fish less than 10 cm (ten centimeters) including eggs. 3. Botia fish (Chromobotia macracanthus) is a fish less than 3.5 cm (three point five centimeters) and more than 10 cm (ten centimeters). 4. The descriptions of Arowana fish (Scleropages sp.) and Botia fish (Chromobotia macracanthus) as referred to in section (2) and section (3) are set out in the Appendix which constitutes an integral part of this Regulation of the Minister. ### **Provision of the Transaction with Foreign Party** According to **Article 21 section (1)** [**Law 7/2011**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4e13df4da78a5/undangundang-nomor-7-tahun-2011/translations?utm_medium=internal_link_klinik), _rupiah_ shall be used in: 1. any transaction which has a payment purpose; 2. settlement of other obligations which have to be settled by using money; and/or 3. other transactions. Thus, in response to your question, the abovementioned provision affirms that any transactions which have the purpose of payment within Indonesian territory are required to use _rupiah_. Still, in relation to Article 21 section (1) Law 7/2011, **Article 33 section (1) Law 7/2011** states that: _Any person who does not use rupiah in:_ 1. _any transaction which has a payment purpose;_ 2. _settlement of other obligations which have to be settled by using money; and/or_ 3. _other financial transactions as referred to in Article 21 section (1) shall be sentenced with imprisonment for a maximum of 1 (one) year and subject to a fine maximum in the amount of Rp200.000.000, 00 (two hundred million rupiahs)._ So, if a fisherman receives foreign currency, does the fisherman have the right to reject the foreign currency which he receives from the foreign party? This is regulated under **Article 23 Law 7/2011**, which is: 1. _Every person is prohibited to refuse in accepting rupiah whose handover is intended as payment or to settle an obligation which must be settled with rupiah and/or for the other financial transactions in the Territory of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia._ 2. _The provisions as referred to in paragraph (1) shall be excluded for the payment or the settlement of an obligation in a foreign currency which has been agreed in writing._ Therefore, in our opinion, the above provisions can be interpreted as a violation of the law for fishermen who receive foreign currency (exchange) as payment. Unless he is in doubt as to the authenticity of the _rupiah_ or there has been an obligation to pay in foreign currency that has been agreed in writing. There is also a criminal sanction for a person who refuses to accept _rupiah_ whose handover is intended to settle as a payment or to settle an obligation that has to be settled by using _rupiah_ and/or other financial transactions in the Territory of the Republic of Indonesia, unless due to doubt regarding the originality of rupiah as referred to in Article 23 Law 7/2011, shall be sentenced with imprisonment for a maximum of 1 (one) year and subject to a fine maximum in the amount of Rp200.000.000, 00 (two hundred million _rupiah_).[\[5\]](#_ftn5) Also read: [**This is the Regulation of the Use of Rupiah in Indonesia**](https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/begini-pengaturan-penggunaan-mata-uang-rupiah-di-indonesia-lt601bde50f1dc3/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=begini_pengaturan_penggunaan_mata_uang_rupiah) In conclusion, fishermen may sell fish to foreign parties by taking into account the rules regarding the prohibition of the release/export of certain types of fish in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries 18/2020. In addition, foreign parties who engage in fish sales and purchase transactions with Indonesian fishermen in Indonesian waters are required to use rupiah currency as legal tender. If the parties violate the provisions, then the parties may be threatened with imprisonment for a maximum of 1 (one) year and a maximum fine of IDR 200 million. Enrich your legal research with the latest bilingual legal analysis, as well as the collection of regulatory translations integrated into Hukumonline Pro, click [**here**](https://pro.hukumonline.com/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=cta&utm_campaign=artikel_klinik) to learn more. These are the answers we can provide, we hope you will find them useful. Legal Basis: 1. [Law Number 31 of 2004 on Fishery](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/20143/undangundang-nomor-31-tahun-2004/translations?utm_medium=internal_link_klinik) as amended by [Law Number 45 of 2009 on the Amendment to Law Number 31 of 2004 on Fishery](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4b22031a01f26/undangundang-nomor-45-tahun-2009/translations?utm_medium=internal_link_klinik); 2. [Law Number 7 of 2011 on Currency](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4e13df4da78a5/undangundang-nomor-7-tahun-2011/translations?utm_medium=internal_link_klinik); 3. [Law Number 32 of 2014 on Marine Affairs](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt54535ba76713f/undang-undang-nomor-32-tahun-2014/translations?utm_medium=pusatdata%3Futm_source%3Dwebsite%2Cinternal_link_klinik); 4. [Law Number 7 of 2016 on the Protection and Empowerment of Fishermen, Fish Farmers, and Salt Farmers](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5734059a9e5e7/undang-undang-nomor-7-tahun-2016/translations?utm_medium=internal_link_klinik); 5. [Regulation of the Government in Lieu of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022/translations?utm_medium=internal_link_klinik); 6. [Regulation of the Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Number 18 of 2020 on the Prohibition of the Export of Arowana Fish (Scleropages Sp.) and Botia Fish (Chromobotia Macracanthus) from the Territory of the Republic of Indonesia to Outside the Terr](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5f2b7a45aa605?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=permenkp_18_2020)[itory of the Republic of Indonesia](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5f2b7a45aa605?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=permenkp_18_2020). * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Article 5 section (2) [Law Number 32 of 2014 on Marine Affairs](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt54535ba76713f/undang-undang-nomor-32-tahun-2014/translations?utm_medium=pusatdata%3Futm_source%3Dwebsite%2Cinternal_link_klinik) (“Law 32/2014”). [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Article 14 section (1) Law 32/2014. [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Article 14 section (2) letter a Law 32/2014. [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Article 115 number 1 [Regulation of the Government in Lieu of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022/translations?utm_medium=internal_link_klinik) (“Perppu 2/2022”) which amended Article 1 number 20 [Law Number 7 of 2016 on the Protection and Empowerment of Fishermen, Fish Farmers, and Salt Farmers](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5734059a9e5e7/undang-undang-nomor-7-tahun-2016/translations?utm_medium=internal_link_klinik) (“Law 7/2016”). [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Article 33 section (2) [Law Number 7 of 2011 on Currency](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4e13df4da78a5/undangundang-nomor-7-tahun-2011/translations?utm_medium=internal_link_klinik) (“Law 7/2011”). Tags ---- [klinik english edition](/tag/klinik-english-edition)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. KLINIK TERKAITKonser Batal, Bisakah Uang Tiket Di-Refund Penuh?08 Nov 2022Hak dan Kewajiban Konsumen serta Pelaku Usaha yang Perlu Diketahui28 Jul 20223 Lembaga Perlindungan Konsumen di Indonesia28 Jul 2022Pengembalian Biaya Tiket Jika Konser Dibatalkan Akibat COVID-1915 Jul 2020Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika. Tanggung Jawab Promotor Jika Tak Penuhi Prestasi Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Sebelum menjawab pertanyaan Anda tentang penonton yang sudah beli tiket konser tapi tak dapat kursi, perlu kami perjelas terlebih dahulu mengenai apa itu promotor. Promotor menurut KBBI adalah orang yang menjadi penganjur atau pendorong suatu usaha (gerakan dan sebagainya). Dalam konteks pergelaran musik atau konser, kami asumsikan bahwa promotor adalah pihak penyelenggara konser termasuk yang bertanggung jawab dalam mengelola tempat duduk penonton.Promotor konser musik adalah pelaku usaha yaitu setiap orang perseorangan atau badan usaha, baik yang berbentuk badan hukum maupun bukan badan hukum yang didirikan dan berkedudukan atau melakukan kegiatan dalam wilayah hukum negara Republik Indonesia, baik sendiri maupun bersama-sama melalui perjanjian menyelenggarakan kegiatan usaha dalam berbagai bidang ekonomi.[1]Sementara, penonton yang beli tiket konser tergolong sebagai konsumen yaitu setiap orang pemakai barang dan/atau jasa yang tersedia dalam masyarakat, baik bagi kepentingan diri sendiri, keluarga, orang lain maupun makhluk hidup lain dan tidak untuk diperdagangkan.[2]Ketika penonton beli tiket konser KPOP maupun tiket konser musik dan di dalam tiket tertera nomor kursi untuk diduduki penonton, maka sudah menjadi kewajiban promotor untuk menyediakan kursi sesuai dengan yang ‘dijanjikan’ di dalam tiket.Setiap penonton selaku konsumen menurut UU Perlindungan Konsumen berhak untuk memilih barang dan/atau jasa serta mendapatkan barang dan/atau jasa sesuai dengan nilai tukar dan kondisi serta jaminan yang dijanjikan.[3]  Apabila barang dan/atau jasa yang diterima konsumen tidak sesuai dengan perjanjian atau tidak sebagaimana mestinya, maka ia berhak untuk mendapatkan kompensasi, ganti rugi dan/atau penggantian.[4]Lantas, bagaimana tanggung jawab promotor konser untuk memenuhi hak penonton? Pelaku usaha atau promotor menurut UU Perlindungan Konsumen mempunyai kewajiban untuk beriktikad baik dalam melakukan kegiatan usahanya.[5] Jika barang dan/atau jasa yang diterima atau dimanfaatkan tidak sesuai dengan perjanjian, maka ia wajib memberi kompensasi, ganti rugi, dan/atau penggantian.[6]Maka, jika penonton telah membayar tiket konser dengan nomor kursi yang dijanjikan oleh promotor, maka promotor wajib menyediakan kursi seusai nomor kursi yang tercantum dalam tiket. Apabila promotor tidak memenuhi prestasinya yaitu menyediakan kursi penonton sesuai yang tertera di tiket, sehingga penonton tak dapat kursi, promotor wajib memberi kompensasi, ganti rugi dan/atau penggantian. Upaya yang Dapat Ditempuh PenontonPenonton yang merasa dirugikan atas tindakan promotor yang tidak menyediakan kursi sebagaimana dijanjikan di dalam tiket, dapat menempuh jalur non litigasi maupun litigasi sebagai berikut.Mengadukan ke Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa KonsumenSalah satu upaya hukum yang dapat ditempuh penonton adalah mengadukan sengketa konsumen ke Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen (“BPSK”) yang berwenang untuk menyelesaikan sengketa konsumen di luar pengadilan.[7]Dalam konteks penanganan aduan sengketa konsumen, BPSK mempunyai tugas dan wewenang di antaranya untuk menangani dan menyelesaikan sengketa konsumen melalui mediasi, arbitrase, atau konsiliasi serta menerima pengaduan baik tertulis ataupun tidak tertulis tentang terjadinya pelanggaran terhadap perlindungan konsumen.[8]Untuk menangani dan menyelesaikan sengketa konsumen, BPSK membentuk majelis minimal 3 orang anggota dan putusannya bersifat final dan mengikat.[9] Atas putusan BPSK tersebut, pelaku usaha wajib melaksanakannya maksimal 7 hari sejak menerima putusan.[10]Jika para pihak tidak puas atas putusan BPSK, selanjutnya para pihak dapat mengajukan keberatan kepada Pengadilan Negeri maksimal 4 hari setelah menerima pemberitahuan putusan tersebut.[11]Perlu diketahui bahwa putusan BPSK yang bersifat final dan mengikat dimintakan penetapan eksekusinya ke Pengadilan Negeri di tempat konsumen yang dirugikan.[12] Menggugat PromotorSelain melalui jalur non litigasi, penonton atau konsumen dapat mengajukan gugatan ke Pengadilan Negeri. Adapun dasar gugatannya, mengutip dari artikel Konser Batal, Bisakah Uang Tiket Di-Refund Penuh? dapat berupa perbuatan melawan hukum yang didasarkan pada pelanggaran hak konsumen dan kewajiban pelaku usaha dalam UU Perlindungan Konsumen. Di artikel yang sama juga disebutkan bahwa dasar gugatan juga bisa menggunakan wanprestasi jika didasarkan oleh tidak dipenuhinya prestasi. Dalam konteks penonton tak dapat kursi karena promotor tidak menyediakan sebagaimana mestinya, maka prestasi yang tidak dilaksanakan oleh promotor adalah tersedianya kursi yang tertera dalam tiket yang telah dibayar oleh penonton.Kemudian berdasarkan keterangan yang Anda sampaikan bahwa penonton yang tidak dapat kursi berjumlah lebih dari satu, maka sebagai informasi, dalam UU Perlindungan Konsumen diakui adanya gugatan kelompok atau class action.[13] Sehingga, penonton yang dirugikan dapat saja menggugat secara perseorangan ataupun dengan gugatan kelompok atau class action.[14] Selengkapnya Anda dapat membaca Gugatan Kelompok atau Class Action: Syarat dan Prosedurnya. Demikian jawaban dari kami tentang upaya hukum jika beli tiket konser tapi tak dapat kursi, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUMUndang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. REFERENSIPromotor, yang diakses pada Rabu, 15 Maret 2023 pukul 08.43 WIB.[1] Pasal 1 angka 3 Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen (“UU Perlindungan Konsumen”)[2] Pasal 1 angka 2 UU Perlindungan Konsumen[3] Pasal 4 huruf b UU Perlindungan Konsumen[4] Pasal 4 huruf h UU Perlindungan Konsumen[5] Pasal 7 huruf a UU Perlindungan Konsumen[6] Pasal 7 huruf g UU Perlindungan Konsumen[7] Pasal 49 ayat (1) UU Perlindungan Konsumen[8] Pasal 52 huruf a dan e UU Perlindungan Konsumen[9] Pasal 54 UU Perlindungan Konsumen[10] Pasal 56 ayat (1) UU Perlindungan Konsumen[11] Pasal 56 ayat (2) UU Perlindungan Konsumen[12] Pasal 57 UU Perlindungan Konsumen[13] Penjelasan Pasal 46 ayat (1) huruf b UU Perlindungan Konsumen[14] Pasal 46 ayat (1) huruf a dan b UU Perlindungan KonsumenTagsclass actionperbuatan melawan hukumperlindungan konsumenwanprestasi
Kemarin sempat viral konser KPOP yang dilaksanakan di Jakarta. Tapi, beberapa penonton mengeluh di media sosial kalau mereka beli tiket konser dengan harga sekitar Rp3 juta, tapi sampai di venue mereka tak dapat kursi. Di tiket tertera nomor kursi yang bisa dipakai penonton, tetapi di lokasi, nomor kursi tersebut tidak ada. Penonton yang bersangkutan sudah menyampaikan keluhan ke pihak promotor tapi tetap tidak mendapat solusi. Akhirnya mereka dipersilakan menonton konser dengan duduk di pagar pembatas atau jongkok karena tak dapat kursi. Bagaimana tanggung jawab promotor atas hal ini? Apa yang bisa dilakukan oleh penonton?
Promotor konser selaku pelaku usaha wajib memenuhi ‘janjinya’ seperti menyediakan kursi bagi penonton sebagaimana tertera di dalam tiket. Apabila janji tersebut tidak terpenuhi, promotor wajib memberikan ganti rugi, kompensasi, dan/atau penggantian. Lantas, apa upaya hukum yang dapat ditempuh oleh penonton konser KPOP maupun konser musik yang tak dapat kursi sesuai dengan yang dijanjikan dalam tiket?   Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Konser Batal, Bisakah Uang Tiket Di-Refund Penuh?08 Nov 2022Hak dan Kewajiban Konsumen serta Pelaku Usaha yang Perlu Diketahui28 Jul 20223 Lembaga Perlindungan Konsumen di Indonesia28 Jul 2022Pengembalian Biaya Tiket Jika Konser Dibatalkan Akibat COVID-1915 Jul 2020Konser Batal, Bisakah Uang Tiket Di-Refund Penuh?08 Nov 2022Hak dan Kewajiban Konsumen serta Pelaku Usaha yang Perlu Diketahui28 Jul 20223 Lembaga Perlindungan Konsumen di Indonesia28 Jul 2022Pengembalian Biaya Tiket Jika Konser Dibatalkan Akibat COVID-1915 Jul 2020Baca Tips Ini Sebelum Menggunakan Karya Cipta Milik Umum28 Feb 2023Cara Mengurus Akta Cerai yang Hilang19 Mei 2023Ini Cara Mengurus Akta Nikah yang Terlambat 30 Sep 2022Baca Tips Ini Sebelum Menggunakan Karya Cipta Milik Umum28 Feb 2023Cara Mengurus Akta Cerai yang Hilang19 Mei 2023Ini Cara Mengurus Akta Nikah yang Terlambat 30 Sep 2022
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/sudah-beli-tiket-konser-tapi-tak-dapat-kursi-tempuh-upaya-ini-lt641197341e0d7/
Sudah Beli Tiket Konser Tapi Tak Dapat Kursi, Tempuh Upaya Ini
pages/156/page-0.html
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Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika)**.** ### **Tanggung Jawab Promotor Jika Tak Penuhi Prestasi** Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Sebelum menjawab pertanyaan Anda tentang penonton yang sudah beli tiket konser tapi tak dapat kursi, perlu kami perjelas terlebih dahulu mengenai apa itu promotor. **[Promotor](https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/promotor)** menurut KBBI adalah orang yang menjadi penganjur atau pendorong suatu usaha (gerakan dan sebagainya). Dalam konteks pergelaran musik atau konser, kami asumsikan bahwa promotor adalah pihak penyelenggara konser termasuk yang bertanggung jawab dalam mengelola tempat duduk penonton. Promotor konser musik adalah pelaku usaha yaitu setiap orang perseorangan atau badan usaha, baik yang berbentuk badan hukum maupun bukan badan hukum yang didirikan dan berkedudukan atau melakukan kegiatan dalam wilayah hukum negara Republik Indonesia, baik sendiri maupun bersama-sama melalui perjanjian menyelenggarakan kegiatan usaha dalam berbagai bidang ekonomi.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Sementara, penonton yang beli tiket konser tergolong sebagai konsumen yaitu setiap orang pemakai barang dan/atau jasa yang tersedia dalam masyarakat, baik bagi kepentingan diri sendiri, keluarga, orang lain maupun makhluk hidup lain dan tidak untuk diperdagangkan.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Ketika penonton beli tiket konser KPOP maupun tiket konser musik dan di dalam tiket tertera nomor kursi untuk diduduki penonton, maka sudah menjadi kewajiban promotor untuk menyediakan kursi sesuai dengan yang ‘dijanjikan’ di dalam tiket. Setiap penonton selaku konsumen menurut [**UU Perlindungan Konsumen**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/447/undangundang-nomor-8-tahun-1999/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_8_1999) berhak untuk memilih barang dan/atau jasa serta mendapatkan barang dan/atau jasa sesuai dengan nilai tukar dan kondisi serta jaminan yang dijanjikan.[\[3\]](#_ftn3)   Apabila barang dan/atau jasa yang diterima konsumen tidak sesuai dengan perjanjian atau tidak sebagaimana mestinya, maka ia berhak untuk mendapatkan kompensasi, ganti rugi dan/atau penggantian.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) Lantas, bagaimana tanggung jawab promotor konser untuk memenuhi hak penonton? Pelaku usaha atau promotor menurut UU Perlindungan Konsumen mempunyai kewajiban untuk beriktikad baik dalam melakukan kegiatan usahanya.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) Jika barang dan/atau jasa yang diterima atau dimanfaatkan tidak sesuai dengan perjanjian, maka ia wajib memberi kompensasi, ganti rugi, dan/atau penggantian.[\[6\]](#_ftn6) Maka, jika penonton telah membayar tiket konser dengan nomor kursi yang dijanjikan oleh promotor, maka promotor wajib menyediakan kursi seusai nomor kursi yang tercantum dalam tiket. Apabila promotor tidak memenuhi prestasinya yaitu menyediakan kursi penonton sesuai yang tertera di tiket, sehingga penonton tak dapat kursi, promotor wajib memberi kompensasi, ganti rugi dan/atau penggantian. ### **Upaya yang Dapat Ditempuh Penonton** Penonton yang merasa dirugikan atas tindakan promotor yang tidak menyediakan kursi sebagaimana dijanjikan di dalam tiket, dapat menempuh jalur non litigasi maupun litigasi sebagai berikut. 1. **Mengadukan ke Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen** Salah satu upaya hukum yang dapat ditempuh penonton adalah mengadukan sengketa konsumen ke Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen (“BPSK”) yang berwenang untuk menyelesaikan sengketa konsumen di luar pengadilan.[\[7\]](#_ftn7) Dalam konteks penanganan aduan sengketa konsumen, BPSK mempunyai tugas dan wewenang di antaranya untuk menangani dan menyelesaikan sengketa konsumen melalui mediasi, arbitrase, atau konsiliasi serta menerima pengaduan baik tertulis ataupun tidak tertulis tentang terjadinya pelanggaran terhadap perlindungan konsumen.[\[8\]](#_ftn8) Untuk menangani dan menyelesaikan sengketa konsumen, BPSK membentuk majelis minimal 3 orang anggota dan putusannya bersifat final dan mengikat.[\[9\]](#_ftn9) Atas putusan BPSK tersebut, pelaku usaha wajib melaksanakannya maksimal 7 hari sejak menerima putusan.[\[10\]](#_ftn10) Jika para pihak tidak puas atas putusan BPSK, selanjutnya para pihak dapat mengajukan keberatan kepada Pengadilan Negeri maksimal 4 hari setelah menerima pemberitahuan putusan tersebut.[\[11\]](#_ftn11) Perlu diketahui bahwa putusan BPSK yang bersifat final dan mengikat dimintakan penetapan eksekusinya ke Pengadilan Negeri di tempat konsumen yang dirugikan.[\[12\]](#_ftn12) 2. **Menggugat Promotor** Selain melalui jalur non litigasi, penonton atau konsumen dapat mengajukan gugatan ke Pengadilan Negeri. Adapun dasar gugatannya, mengutip dari artikel [**Konser Batal, Bisakah Uang Tiket Di-_Refund_ Penuh?**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/konser-batal-bisakah-uang-tiket-di-refund-penuh-lt4f702a027cdda/#!?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=konser_batal) dapat berupa **perbuatan melawan hukum** yang didasarkan pada pelanggaran hak konsumen dan kewajiban pelaku usaha dalam UU Perlindungan Konsumen. Di artikel yang sama juga disebutkan bahwa dasar gugatan juga bisa menggunakan **wanprestasi** jika didasarkan oleh tidak dipenuhinya prestasi. Dalam konteks penonton tak dapat kursi karena promotor tidak menyediakan sebagaimana mestinya, maka prestasi yang tidak dilaksanakan oleh promotor adalah tersedianya kursi yang tertera dalam tiket yang telah dibayar oleh penonton. Kemudian berdasarkan keterangan yang Anda sampaikan bahwa penonton yang tidak dapat kursi berjumlah lebih dari satu, maka sebagai informasi, dalam UU Perlindungan Konsumen diakui adanya gugatan kelompok atau _class action._[\[13\]](#_ftn13) Sehingga, penonton yang dirugikan dapat saja menggugat secara perseorangan ataupun dengan gugatan kelompok atau _class action_.[\[14\]](#_ftn14) Selengkapnya Anda dapat membaca [**Gugatan Kelompok atau _Class Action_: Syarat dan Prosedurnya**.](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/gugatan-kelompok-atau-iclass-action-i--syarat-dan-prosedurnya-cl2436?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=gugatan_kelompok) Demikian jawaban dari kami tentang upaya hukum jika beli tiket konser tapi tak dapat kursi, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- [Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/447/undangundang-nomor-8-tahun-1999/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_8_1999). REFERENSI --------- [Promotor](https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/promotor), yang diakses pada Rabu, 15 Maret 2023 pukul 08.43 WIB. * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Pasal 1 angka 3 [Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/447/undangundang-nomor-8-tahun-1999/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_8_1999) (“UU Perlindungan Konsumen”) [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal 1 angka 2 UU Perlindungan Konsumen [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 4 huruf b UU Perlindungan Konsumen [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 4 huruf h UU Perlindungan Konsumen [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Pasal 7 huruf a UU Perlindungan Konsumen [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Pasal 7 huruf g UU Perlindungan Konsumen [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Pasal 49 ayat (1) UU Perlindungan Konsumen [\[8\]](#_ftnref8) Pasal 52 huruf a dan e UU Perlindungan Konsumen [\[9\]](#_ftnref9) Pasal 54 UU Perlindungan Konsumen [\[10\]](#_ftnref10) Pasal 56 ayat (1) UU Perlindungan Konsumen [\[11\]](#_ftnref11) Pasal 56 ayat (2) UU Perlindungan Konsumen [\[12\]](#_ftnref12) Pasal 57 UU Perlindungan Konsumen [\[13\]](#_ftnref13) Penjelasan Pasal 46 ayat (1) huruf b UU Perlindungan Konsumen [\[14\]](#_ftnref14) Pasal 46 ayat (1) huruf a dan b UU Perlindungan Konsumen Tags ---- [class action](/tag/class-action) [perbuatan melawan hukum](/tag/perbuatan-melawan-hukum) [perlindungan konsumen](/tag/perlindungan-konsumen) [wanprestasi](/tag/wanprestasi)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul Perpanjangan Perjanjian Perlu Meterai Lagi? yang dibuat oleh Diana Kusumasari, S.H., M.H., dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Rabu, 2 Maret 2011.KLINIK TERKAITAturan Kenaikan Gaji Karyawan Menurut UU Cipta Kerja28 Agt 2023Mau Menyusun Struktur dan Skala Upah? Perhatikan 5 Hal Ini30 Jan 2023Kuitansi Tidak Bermeterai02 Mar 2011Peraturan mengenai Tunjangan Keahlian09 Feb 2011Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.Pengertian dan Syarat Sah PerjanjianSebelum menjawab pertanyaan Anda, sebaiknya kita pahami terlebih dahulu pengertian dari perjanjian. Menurut Sri Soedewi Masjehoen Sofwan, perjanjian adalah suatu perbuatan hukum dimana seorang atau lebih mengikatkan dirinya terhadap seorang lain atau lebih.[1] Sedangkan menurut Subekti, perjanjian adalah suatu perhubungan hukum antara dua orang atau lebih, berdasarkan mana pihak yang satu berhak menuntut sesuatu dari pihak lain, dan pihak yang lain tersebut berkewajiban untuk memenuhi tuntutan tersebut.[2] Selain itu, Subekti juga menjelaskan bahwa perjanjian merupakan bentuk konkrit dari perikatan, dan perikatan merupakan bentuk abstrak dari perjanjian. Hal tersebut dapat diartikan adanya hubungan hukum antara dua pihak yang isinya adalah hak dan kewajiban, yakni suatu hak untuk menuntut sesuatu dan sebaliknya suatu kewajiban untuk memenuhi tuntutan tersebut.[3]Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Pasal 1313 KUHPerdata memberikan pengertian tentang perjanjian atau overeenskomst[4] sebagai berikut:Suatu persetujuan adalah suatu perbuatan dimana satu orang atau lebih mengikatkan diri terhadap satu orang lain atau lebih. Dalam perjanjian, kata sepakat adalah salah satu syarat sahnya perjanjian,[5] sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata yang berbunyi:Supaya terjadi persetujuan yang sah, perlu dipenuhi empat syarat; kesepakatan mereka yang mengikatkan dirinya;kecakapan untuk membuat suatu perikatan;suatu pokok persoalan tertentu;suatu sebab yang tidak terlarang.Baca juga: Ini 4 Syarat Sah Perjanjian dan Akibatnya Jika Tak DipenuhiPengertian MeteraiBerdasarkan Pasal 1 angka 4 UU 10/2020, meterai adalah label atau carik dalam bentuk tempel, elektronik, atau bentuk lainnya yang memiliki ciri dan mengandung unsur pengaman yang dikeluarkan oleh Pemerintah Republik Indonesia, yang digunakan untuk membayar pajak atas Dokumen. Sedangkan bea meterai adalah pajak atas dokumen.[6]Kegunaan dan tujuan dari bea meterai telah diatur dalam Pasal 2 ayat (2) UU 10/2020 yaitu:mengoptimalkan penerimaan negara guna membiayai pembangunan nasional secara mandiri menuju masyarakat Indonesia yang sejahtera;memberikan kepastian hukum dalam pemungutan Bea Meterai;menyesuaikan dengan kebutuhan masyarakat;menerapkan pengenaan Bea Meterai secara lebih adil; danmenyelaraskan ketentuan Bea Meterai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan lainnya.Sebagai informasi, bea meterai dikenakan atas dokumen yang dibuat sebagai alat untuk menerangkan mengenai suatu kejadian yang bersifat perdata dan dokumen yang digunakan sebagai alat bukti di pengadilan.[7] Dari ketentuan tersebut, menurut pendapat kami, fungsi dari meterai adalah sebagai pajak atas dokumen terhadap negara. Kemudian, keberadaan meterai menjelaskan implikasi perjanjian akan menghasilkan nilai keperdataan yang nantinya dapat dipergunakan sebagai alat bukti di pengadilan. Baca juga: Fungsi Meterai dan Objek Bea MeteraiDalam klasifikasinya, dokumen-dokumen yang dikriteriakan memiliki sifat keperdataan di antaranya adalah sebagai berikut:[8]surat perjanjian, surat keterangan, surat pernyataan, atau surat lainnya yang sejenis, beserta rangkapnya;akta notaris beserta grosse, salinan, dan kutipannya;akta Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah beserta salinan dan kutipannya;surat berharga dengan nama dan dalam bentuk apa pun;Dokumen transaksi surat berharga, termasuk Dokumen transaksi kontrak berjangka, dengan nama dan dalam bentuk apa pun;Dokumen lelang yang berupa kutipan risalah lelang, minuta risalah lelang, salinan risalah lelang, dan grosse risalah lelang;Dokumen yang menyatakan jumlah uang dengan nilai nominal lebih dari Rp5.000.000,00 (lima juta rupiah) yang:menyebutkan penerimaan uang; atauberisi pengakuan bahwa utang seluruhnya atau sebagiannya telah dilunasi atau diperhitungkan; danDokumen lain yang ditetapkan dengan Peraturan Pemerintah.Baca juga: Ini Jenis Dokumen yang Wajib Meterai dan Bebas MeteraiKesimpulannya, berdasarkan penjelasan di atas, meterai bukan merupakan syarat sah perjanjian. Maka dari itu, selama para pihak yang terlibat dalam perjanjian sepakat untuk tidak mewajibkan penggunaan meterai, perpanjangan perjanjian tidak wajib untuk diberi meterai. Namun, apabila suatu ketika para pihak dalam perjanjian terlibat dalam sengketa, maka perjanjian yang digunakan sebagai alat bukti di Pengadilan tersebut wajib untuk diberikan meterai sebagai pembayaran pajak atas perjanjian tersebut.Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwibahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut di sini. Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUMKitab Undang-Undang Hukum PerdataUndang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 2020 tentang Bea MeteraiREFERENSIHartana. Hukum Perjanjian (Dalam Perspektif Perjanjian Karya Pengusahaan Pertambangan Batubara). Jurnal Komunikasi Hukum, Vol. 2, No. 2, 2016;Retna Gumanti. Syarat Sahnya Perjanjian (Ditinjau Dari KUHPerdata). Jurnal Pelangi Ilmu, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2012;Subekti. Pokok-Pokok Hukum Perdata. Jakarta: Intermasa, 1984.[1] Retna Gumanti. Syarat Sahnya Perjanjian (Ditinjau Dari KUHPerdata). Jurnal Pelangi Ilmu, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2012, hal. 3.[2] Subekti. Pokok-Pokok Hukum Perdata. Jakarta: Intermasa, 1984, hal. 1.[3] Hartana. Hukum Perjanjian (Dalam Perspektif Perjanjian Karya Pengusahaan Pertambangan Batubara). Jurnal Komunikasi Hukum, Vol. 2, No. 2, 2016, hal. 149.[4] Hartana. Hukum Perjanjian (Dalam Perspektif Perjanjian Karya Pengusahaan Pertambangan Batubara). Jurnal Komunikasi Hukum, Vol. 2, No. 2, 2016, hal. 149.[5] Retna Gumanti. Syarat Sahnya Perjanjian (Ditinjau Dari KUHPerdata). Jurnal Pelangi Ilmu, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2012, hal. 4.[6] Pasal 1 Angka 1 Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 2020 tentang Bea Meterai (“UU 10/2020”).[7] Pasal 3 ayat (1) UU 10/2020.[8] Pasal 3 ayat (2) UU 10/2020.Tags
Apakah meterai diperlukan jika hendak melakukan perpanjangan perjanjian?
Dalam perjanjian, kata sepakat adalah salah satu syarat sahnya perjanjian sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata. Lantas, apakah meterai juga merupakan syarat sah perjanjian? Dalam hal perpanjangan perjanjian, apakah perlu meterai lagi? Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Aturan Kenaikan Gaji Karyawan Menurut UU Cipta Kerja28 Agt 2023Mau Menyusun Struktur dan Skala Upah? Perhatikan 5 Hal Ini30 Jan 2023Kuitansi Tidak Bermeterai02 Mar 2011Peraturan mengenai Tunjangan Keahlian09 Feb 2011Aturan Kenaikan Gaji Karyawan Menurut UU Cipta Kerja28 Agt 2023Mau Menyusun Struktur dan Skala Upah? Perhatikan 5 Hal Ini30 Jan 2023Kuitansi Tidak Bermeterai02 Mar 2011Peraturan mengenai Tunjangan Keahlian09 Feb 2011Hal-hal yang Harus Disiapkan Jika Pindah KPR Bank6 Mei 2024Cara Mengurus Akta Cerai yang Hilang19 Mei 2023Perhatikan Ini Sebelum Tanda Tangan Kontrak Kerja20 Mar 2023Hal-hal yang Harus Disiapkan Jika Pindah KPR Bank6 Mei 2024Cara Mengurus Akta Cerai yang Hilang19 Mei 2023Perhatikan Ini Sebelum Tanda Tangan Kontrak Kerja20 Mar 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/perpanjangan-perjanjian--perlukah-meterai-lagi-cl5378/
Perpanjangan Perjanjian, Perlukah Meterai Lagi?
pages/156/page-1.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul _Perpanjangan Perjanjian Perlu Meterai Lagi?_ yang dibuat oleh** [**Diana Kusumasari, S.H., M.H.**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/diana-kusumasari--sh--mh-lt4d37c414e08df)**, dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Rabu, 2 Maret 2011.** ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Aturan Kenaikan Gaji Karyawan Menurut UU Cipta Kerja ](/klinik/a/aturan-kenaikan-gaji-cl2752/) ![Aturan Kenaikan Gaji Karyawan Menurut UU Cipta Kerja](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/cl2752/thumbnail_lt64ec7c73ca31d.jpg) 28 Agt 2023 [ #### Mau Menyusun Struktur dan Skala Upah? Perhatikan 5 Hal Ini ](/klinik/a/struktur-dan-skala-upah-cl6087/) ![Mau Menyusun Struktur dan Skala Upah? Perhatikan 5 Hal Ini](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/cl6087/thumbnail_lt63d7786d2606f.jpg) 30 Jan 2023 [ #### Kuitansi Tidak Bermeterai ](/klinik/a/kuitansi-tidak-bermeterai-lt4ce4e37db7be7/) ![Kuitansi Tidak Bermeterai](https://static.hukumonline.com/frontend/default/images/kaze/thumbnail_default.jpg) 02 Mar 2011 [ #### Peraturan mengenai Tunjangan Keahlian ](/klinik/a/peraturan-mengenai-tunjangan-keahlian-lt4d4b6d6b9094d/) ![Peraturan mengenai Tunjangan Keahlian](https://static.hukumonline.com/frontend/default/images/kaze/thumbnail_default.jpg) 09 Feb 2011 [](#!) Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Pengertian dan Syarat Sah Perjanjian** Sebelum menjawab pertanyaan Anda, sebaiknya kita pahami terlebih dahulu pengertian dari perjanjian. Menurut **Sri Soedewi Masjehoen Sofwan**, perjanjian adalah suatu perbuatan hukum dimana seorang atau lebih mengikatkan dirinya terhadap seorang lain atau lebih.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Sedangkan menurut **Subekti**, perjanjian adalah suatu perhubungan hukum antara dua orang atau lebih, berdasarkan mana pihak yang satu berhak menuntut sesuatu dari pihak lain, dan pihak yang lain tersebut berkewajiban untuk memenuhi tuntutan tersebut.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Selain itu, Subekti juga menjelaskan bahwa perjanjian merupakan bentuk konkrit dari perikatan, dan perikatan merupakan bentuk abstrak dari perjanjian. Hal tersebut dapat diartikan adanya hubungan hukum antara dua pihak yang isinya adalah hak dan kewajiban, yakni suatu hak untuk menuntut sesuatu dan sebaliknya suatu kewajiban untuk memenuhi tuntutan tersebut.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) **Pasal 1313 [KUHPerdata](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17229/node/686?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHPerdata)** memberikan pengertian tentang perjanjian atau _overeenskomst[**\[4\]**](#_ftn4)_ sebagai berikut: Suatu persetujuan adalah suatu perbuatan dimana satu orang atau lebih mengikatkan diri terhadap satu orang lain atau lebih. Dalam perjanjian, kata sepakat adalah salah satu syarat sahnya perjanjian,[\[5\]](#_ftn5) sebagaimana diatur dalam **Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata** yang berbunyi: _Supaya terjadi persetujuan yang sah, perlu dipenuhi empat syarat;_ 1. _kesepakatan mereka yang mengikatkan dirinya;_ 2. _kecakapan untuk membuat suatu perikatan;_ 3. _suatu pokok persoalan tertentu;_ 4. _suatu sebab yang tidak terlarang._ Baca juga: **[Ini 4 Syarat Sah Perjanjian dan Akibatnya Jika Tak Dipenuhi](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/4-syarat-sah-perjanjian-dan-akibatnya-jika-tak-dipenuhi-cl4141?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=ini_4_syarat_sah_perjanjian)** ### **Pengertian Meterai** Berdasarkan **Pasal 1 angka 4 [UU 10/2020](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5fa0c87c7ca4f/undang-undang-nomor-10-tahun-2020?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_10_2020)**, meterai adalah label atau carik dalam bentuk tempel, elektronik, atau bentuk lainnya yang memiliki ciri dan mengandung unsur pengaman yang dikeluarkan oleh Pemerintah Republik Indonesia, yang digunakan untuk membayar pajak atas Dokumen. Sedangkan bea meterai adalah pajak atas dokumen.[\[6\]](#_ftn6) Kegunaan dan tujuan dari bea meterai telah diatur dalam **Pasal 2 ayat (2) UU 10/2020** yaitu: 1. mengoptimalkan penerimaan negara guna membiayai pembangunan nasional secara mandiri menuju masyarakat Indonesia yang sejahtera; 2. memberikan kepastian hukum dalam pemungutan Bea Meterai; 3. menyesuaikan dengan kebutuhan masyarakat; 4. menerapkan pengenaan Bea Meterai secara lebih adil; dan 5. menyelaraskan ketentuan Bea Meterai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan lainnya. Sebagai informasi, bea meterai dikenakan atas dokumen yang dibuat sebagai alat untuk menerangkan mengenai suatu kejadian yang bersifat perdata dan dokumen yang digunakan sebagai alat bukti di pengadilan.[\[7\]](#_ftn7) Dari ketentuan tersebut, menurut pendapat kami, fungsi dari meterai adalah sebagai pajak atas dokumen terhadap negara. Kemudian, keberadaan meterai menjelaskan implikasi perjanjian akan menghasilkan nilai keperdataan yang nantinya dapat dipergunakan sebagai alat bukti di pengadilan. Baca juga: **[Fungsi Meterai dan Objek Bea Meterai](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/fungsi-meterai-dan-objek-bea-meterai-lt51426f0a4f0ee?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=fungsi_meterai_dan_objek_bea_meterai)** Dalam klasifikasinya, dokumen-dokumen yang dikriteriakan memiliki sifat keperdataan di antaranya adalah sebagai berikut:[\[8\]](#_ftn8) 1. surat perjanjian, surat keterangan, surat pernyataan, atau surat lainnya yang sejenis, beserta rangkapnya; 2. akta notaris beserta grosse, salinan, dan kutipannya; 3. akta Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah beserta salinan dan kutipannya; 4. surat berharga dengan nama dan dalam bentuk apa pun; 5. Dokumen transaksi surat berharga, termasuk Dokumen transaksi kontrak berjangka, dengan nama dan dalam bentuk apa pun; 6. Dokumen lelang yang berupa kutipan risalah lelang, minuta risalah lelang, salinan risalah lelang, dan grosse risalah lelang; 7. Dokumen yang menyatakan jumlah uang dengan nilai nominal lebih dari Rp5.000.000,00 (lima juta rupiah) yang: 1. menyebutkan penerimaan uang; atau 2. berisi pengakuan bahwa utang seluruhnya atau sebagiannya telah dilunasi atau diperhitungkan; dan 8. Dokumen lain yang ditetapkan dengan Peraturan Pemerintah. Baca juga: **[Ini Jenis Dokumen yang Wajib Meterai dan Bebas Meterai](https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/ini-jenis-dokumen-yang-wajib-meterai-dan-bebas-meterai-lt5ff447d438889/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=ini_jenis_dokumen_yang_wajib_meterai)** Kesimpulannya, berdasarkan penjelasan di atas, meterai bukan merupakan syarat sah perjanjian. Maka dari itu, selama para pihak yang terlibat dalam perjanjian sepakat untuk tidak mewajibkan penggunaan meterai, perpanjangan perjanjian tidak wajib untuk diberi meterai. Namun, apabila suatu ketika para pihak dalam perjanjian terlibat dalam sengketa, maka perjanjian yang digunakan sebagai alat bukti di Pengadilan tersebut wajib untuk diberikan meterai sebagai pembayaran pajak atas perjanjian tersebut. Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwibahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut [**di sini**](https://pro.hukumonline.com/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=cta&utm_campaign=artikel_klinik).  Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17229/node/686?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHPerdata) Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 2020 tentang Bea Meterai [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5fa0c87c7ca4f/undang-undang-nomor-10-tahun-2020?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_10_2020) REFERENSI --------- 1. Hartana. _Hukum Perjanjian (Dalam Perspektif Perjanjian Karya Pengusahaan Pertambangan Batubara)_. Jurnal Komunikasi Hukum, Vol. 2, No. 2, 2016; 2. Retna Gumanti. _Syarat Sahnya Perjanjian (Ditinjau Dari KUHPerdata)_. Jurnal Pelangi Ilmu, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2012; 3. Subekti. _Pokok-Pokok Hukum Perdata_. Jakarta: Intermasa, 1984. [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Retna Gumanti. _Syarat Sahnya Perjanjian (Ditinjau Dari KUHPerdata)_. Jurnal Pelangi Ilmu, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2012, hal. 3. [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Subekti. _Pokok-Pokok Hukum Perdata_. Jakarta: Intermasa, 1984, hal. 1. [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Hartana. _Hukum Perjanjian (Dalam Perspektif Perjanjian Karya Pengusahaan Pertambangan Batubara)_. Jurnal Komunikasi Hukum, Vol. 2, No. 2, 2016, hal. 149. [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Hartana. _Hukum Perjanjian (Dalam Perspektif Perjanjian Karya Pengusahaan Pertambangan Batubara)_. Jurnal Komunikasi Hukum, Vol. 2, No. 2, 2016, hal. 149. [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Retna Gumanti. _Syarat Sahnya Perjanjian (Ditinjau Dari KUHPerdata)_. Jurnal Pelangi Ilmu, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2012, hal. 4. [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Pasal 1 Angka 1 [Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 2020 tentang Bea Meterai](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5fa0c87c7ca4f/undang-undang-nomor-10-tahun-2020?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_10_2020) (“UU 10/2020”). [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Pasal 3 ayat (1) UU 10/2020. [\[8\]](#_ftnref8) Pasal 3 ayat (2) UU 10/2020. Tags ---- [](/tag/)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.KLINIK TERKAITMK sebagai Negative Legislator, Apakah Berwenang Buat Norma Baru?04 Okt 2022Memahami Arti Putusan MK Bersifat Final 06 Sep 2022Bedanya Judicial Review dengan Hak Uji Materiil20 Des 2021Langkah-langkah Memohon Judicial Review UU ke MK15 Jun 2021 Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul Praktik Legislative Review dan Judicial Review di Indonesia yang dibuat oleh Ali Salmande, S.H. dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Jumat, 6 Mei 2011.Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas  Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika. Executive Review, Legislative Review dan Judicial ReviewPada dasarnya, kewenangan melakukan pengujian atau review dikenal dengan toetsingsrecht.[1] Kewenangan pengujian tersebut dibagi menjadi hak pengujian materil dan hak pengujian formil.[2] Di Indonesia, kewenangan melakukan pengujian terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan dimiliki oleh lembaga yudikatif dan lembaga legislatif. Kewenangan tersebut disebut legislative review dan judicial review.Sebagai informasi, terkait kewenangan executive review pasca Putusan MK No. 137/PUU-XIII/2015 dan Putusan MK No. 56/PUU-XIV/2016 lembaga eksekutif dalam hal ini Menteri Dalam Negeri dan Gubernur tidak lagi memiliki kewenangan untuk melakukan review peraturan daerah.[3]Baca juga: Pasca Pencabutan Wewenang Executive Review atas PerdaAdapun konsep pengujian atau review muncul dikarenakan adanya ketidakpuasan masyarakat terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku, sehingga dikehendaki adanya perubahan. Selain itu, terdapat kewenangan melakukan review yang harus dijalankan berdasarkan UUD 1945.Kembali ke pengertian toetsingsrecht, apa yang dimaksud dengan legislative review? Dapat diartikan legislative review adalah mekanisme pengujian peraturan perundang-undangan oleh lembaga legislatif. Lalu, apa itu judicial review? Singkatnya judicial review adalah mekanisme pengujian terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan oleh pengadilan dengan objek pengujiannya adalah peraturan yang lebih rendah terhadap peraturan yang lebih tinggi.[4] Perbedaan legislative review dengan judicial review terletak pada subjek yang melakukan review dengan kewenangan yang melekat kepada lembaga negara tersebut.Pada praktiknya, siapa yang berwenang melakukan legislative review adalah Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (“DPR”) yaitu terkait undang-undang berdasarkan Pasal 20 ayat (1) dan (2) UUD 1945 dan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang (“perppu”) berdasarkan Pasal 22 ayat (2) UUD 1945 yang menyatakan bahwa perppu harus mendapatkan persetujuan DPR dalam persidangan yang berikutnya.Artinya, DPR dapat menyatakan persetujuan atau penolakan terhadap perppu. Selanjutnya, jika DPR setuju maka perppu tersebut ditetapkan sebagai undang-undang. Pada legislative review, pengujian lebih condong kepada pandangan anggota DPR terhadap urgensi perppu ditetapkan menjadi undang-undang atau dapat diartikan legislative review sebagai pengujian dari segi politis fraksi dalam DPR.[5] Sementara, judicial review dilakukan oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi (“MK”) dan Mahkamah Agung (“MA”) sebagai lembaga peradilan. Pengujian itu melingkupi pengujian secara materil dan formil. Kewenangan MK melakukan pengujian undang-undang terhadap konstitusi. Sedangkan untuk pengujian peraturan perundang-undangan di bawah undang-undang terhadap undang-undang dilakukan judicial review Mahkamah Agung dengan kewenangan hak uji materil. Kewenangan MK dan MA melakukan judicial review dilakukan berdasarkan Pasal 24C ayat (1) dan Pasal 24A ayat (1) UUD 1945.Baca juga: Arti Judicial Review, Legislative Review dan Executive Review Perbedaan Legislative Review dan Judicial ReviewDengan demikian, perbedaan signifikan antara legislative review dan judicial review terletak pada subjek yang melakukan review dan objek review sesuai dengan kewenangan yang diberikan oleh konstitusi yang akan kami terangkan dalam tabel berikut ini.PembedaLegislative ReviewJudicial ReviewSubjekDewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR).Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK) dan Mahkamah Agung (MA).ObjekPengujian undang-undang dan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang (Perppu) untuk disetujui.MA: kewenangan pengujian peraturan perundang-undangan di bawah undang-undang terhadap undang-undang.MK: kewenangan pengujian undang-undang terhadap UUD 1945.Konsep trias politica tidak secara mutlak diterapkan di Indonesia. Hal ini dapat dilihat bahwa terdapat lembaga legislatif sebagai pembentuk undang-undang, namun juga dapat melakukan review undang-undang yang dikeluarkannya sendiri serta menyetujui atau tidak menyetujui perppu. Sedangkan, pada konsep trias politica, lembaga yudikatif yang berwenang secara penuh melakukan pengujian. Di Indonesia, judicial review dilakukan oleh MA dan MK sebagai lembaga peradilan sesuai kewenangannya sebagaimana diterangkan. Namun demikian, review yang dilakukan setiap lembaga yang berwenang pada intinya merupakan wujud dari check and balance. Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUMUndang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. PUTUSANPutusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 137/PUU-XIII/2015;Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 56/PUU-XIV/2016. REFERENSIHenry P. Panggabean, Fungsi Mahkamah Agung dalam Praktik Sehari-hari, Upaya Penanggulangan Tunggakan Perkara dan Pemberdayaan Fungsi Pengawasan Mahkamah Agung, Jakarta: Pustaka Sinar Harapan, 2001;R. Subekti, Kekuasaan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia, Bandung: Penerbit Alumni, 1992;Ali Marwan, Judicial Review dan Legislative Review Terhadap Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang, Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia, Vol. 17 No. 1, Maret 2020;Nurul Qamar, Kewenangan Judicial Review Mahkamah Konstitusi, Jurnal Konstitusi, Vol. I, No. 1, November 2012;Taufik H. Simatupang, Mendudukkan Konsep Executive Review dalam Sistem Hukum Ketatanegaraan Indonesia, Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure, Vol. 19, No. 2, 2019.[1] R. Subekti, Kekuasaan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia, Bandung: Penerbit Alumni, 1992, hal. 27[2] Henry P. Panggabean, Fungsi Mahkamah Agung dalam Praktik Sehari-hari, Upaya Penanggulangan Tunggakan Perkara dan Pemberdayaan Fungsi Pengawasan Mahkamah Agung, Jakarta: Pustaka Sinar Harapan, 2001, hal. 127[3] Taufik H. Simatupang, Mendudukkan Konsep Executive Review dalam Sistem Hukum Ketatanegaraan Indonesia, Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure, Vol. 19, No. 2, 2019, hal. 227[4] Nurul Qamar, Kewenangan Judicial Review Mahkamah Konstitusi, Jurnal Konstitusi, Vol. I, No. 1, November 2012, hal. 2[5] Ali Marwan, Judicial Review dan Legislative Review Terhadap Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang, Jurnal Legislative Indonesia, Vol. 17 No. 1, Maret 2020, hal. 55Tagsexecutive reviewjudicial reviewlegislatifmahkamah agungmahkamah konstitusi
Apa itu judicial review dan legislative review serta bagaimana praktiknya? Hal-hal apa sajakah yang dapat dilakukan review? Bagaimanakah review dilakukan oleh masing-masing lembaga yang terkait dengan adanya trias politica?
Legislative review adalah mekanisme pengujian peraturan perundang-undangan dalam hal ini pada undang-undang dan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang (Perppu) oleh DPR. Sedangkan judicial review adalah pengujian peraturan perundang-undangan oleh lembaga peradilan oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi dan Mahkamah Agung. Lantas, apa saja perbedaan legislative review dan judicial review?   Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. MK sebagai Negative Legislator, Apakah Berwenang Buat Norma Baru?04 Okt 2022Memahami Arti Putusan MK Bersifat Final 06 Sep 2022Bedanya Judicial Review dengan Hak Uji Materiil20 Des 2021Langkah-langkah Memohon Judicial Review UU ke MK15 Jun 2021MK sebagai Negative Legislator, Apakah Berwenang Buat Norma Baru?04 Okt 2022Memahami Arti Putusan MK Bersifat Final 06 Sep 2022Bedanya Judicial Review dengan Hak Uji Materiil20 Des 2021Langkah-langkah Memohon Judicial Review UU ke MK15 Jun 2021Catat! Ini 3 Aspek Hukum untuk Mendirikan Startup9 Mei 2023Perhatikan Ini Sebelum Tanda Tangan Kontrak Kerja20 Mar 2023Konversi Utang Jadi Setoran Saham, Ini Caranya14 Sep 2022Catat! Ini 3 Aspek Hukum untuk Mendirikan Startup9 Mei 2023Perhatikan Ini Sebelum Tanda Tangan Kontrak Kerja20 Mar 2023Konversi Utang Jadi Setoran Saham, Ini Caranya14 Sep 2022
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/legislative-review-dan-judicial-review-cl1105/
Ini 2 Perbedaan Legislative Review dan Judicial Review
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### MK sebagai _Negative Legislator_, Apakah Berwenang Buat Norma Baru? ](/klinik/a/mk-sebagai-negative-legislator-apakah-berwenang-buat-norma-baru-lt50487c14ed33f/) ![MK sebagai <i>Negative Legislator</i>, Apakah Berwenang Buat Norma Baru?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt50487c14ed33f/thumbnail_lt633bed1e13297.jpg) 04 Okt 2022 [ #### Memahami Arti Putusan MK Bersifat Final ](/klinik/a/memahami-arti-putusan-mk-bersifat-final-lt4e7be4d656482/) ![Memahami Arti Putusan MK Bersifat Final ](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt4e7be4d656482/thumbnail_lt631718414b4cc.jpg) 06 Sep 2022 [ #### Bedanya _Judicial Review_ dengan Hak Uji Materiil ](/klinik/a/bedanya-ijudicial-review-i-dengan-hak-uji-materiil-cl4257/) ![Bedanya <i>Judicial Review</i> dengan Hak Uji Materiil](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/cl4257/thumbnail_lt61c082e18d350.jpg) 20 Des 2021 [ #### Langkah-langkah Memohon _Judicial Review_ UU ke MK ](/klinik/a/langkah-langkah-memohon-ijudicial-review-i-uu-ke-mk-lt5f8661093ee62/) ![Langkah-langkah Memohon <i>Judicial Review</i> UU ke MK](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt5f8661093ee62/thumbnail_lt5f8838b89bcea.jpg) 15 Jun 2021 [](#!) **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul _Praktik Legislative Review dan Judicial Review di Indonesia_ yang dibuat oleh** [**Ali Salmande, S.H.**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/ali-salmande--sh-lt4b710bde88c68) **dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Jumat, 6 Mei 2011.** Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika)**.** ### **_Executive Review_****, _Legislative Review_ dan _Judicial Review_** Pada dasarnya, kewenangan melakukan pengujian atau _review_ dikenal dengan _toetsingsrecht_.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Kewenangan pengujian tersebut dibagi menjadi hak pengujian materil dan hak pengujian formil.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Di Indonesia, kewenangan melakukan pengujian terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan dimiliki oleh lembaga yudikatif dan lembaga legislatif. Kewenangan tersebut disebut _legislative review_ dan _judicial review._ Sebagai informasi, terkait kewenangan _executive review_ pasca **[Putusan MK No. 137/PUU-XIII/2015](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5c11fef88f81b/putusan-mahkamah-konstitusi-nomor-137-puu-xiii-2015?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=MK_137_2015)** dan **[Putusan MK No. 56/PUU-XIV/2016](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5c10dc772303f/putusan-mahkamah-konstitusi-nomor-56-puu-xiv-2016?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=MK_56_2016)** lembaga eksekutif dalam hal ini Menteri Dalam Negeri dan Gubernur tidak lagi memiliki kewenangan untuk melakukan _review_ peraturan daerah.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Baca juga: **[Pasca Pencabutan Wewenang _Executive Review_ atas Perda](https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/pasca-pencabutan-wewenang-executive-review-atas-perda-lt596dc6a39cdfa?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=executive_review)** Adapun konsep pengujian atau _review_ muncul dikarenakan adanya ketidakpuasan masyarakat terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku, sehingga dikehendaki adanya perubahan. Selain itu, terdapat kewenangan melakukan _review_ yang harus dijalankan berdasarkan **[UUD 1945](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4ca2eb6dd2834/undang-undang-dasar-1945?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UUD_1945)**. Kembali ke pengertian _toetsingsrecht,_ apa yang dimaksud dengan _legislative review_? Dapat diartikan _legislative review_ adalah mekanisme pengujian peraturan perundang-undangan oleh lembaga legislatif. Lalu, apa itu _judicial review_? Singkatnya _judicial review_ adalah mekanisme pengujian terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan oleh pengadilan dengan objek pengujiannya adalah peraturan yang lebih rendah terhadap peraturan yang lebih tinggi.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) Perbedaan _legislative review_ dengan _judicial review_ terletak pada subjek yang melakukan _review_ dengan kewenangan yang melekat kepada lembaga negara tersebut. Pada praktiknya, siapa yang berwenang melakukan _legislative review_ adalah Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (“DPR”) yaitu terkait undang-undang berdasarkan **Pasal 20 ayat (1) dan (2) UUD 1945** dan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang (“perppu”) berdasarkan **Pasal 22 ayat (2) UUD 1945** yang menyatakan bahwa perppu harus mendapatkan persetujuan DPR dalam persidangan yang berikutnya. Artinya, DPR dapat menyatakan persetujuan atau penolakan terhadap perppu. Selanjutnya, jika DPR setuju maka perppu tersebut ditetapkan sebagai undang-undang. Pada _legislative review_, pengujian lebih condong kepada pandangan anggota DPR terhadap urgensi perppu ditetapkan menjadi undang-undang atau dapat diartikan _legislative review_ sebagai pengujian dari segi politis fraksi dalam DPR.[\[5\]](#_ftn5)  Sementara, _judicial review_ dilakukan oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi (“MK”) dan Mahkamah Agung (“MA”) sebagai lembaga peradilan. Pengujian itu melingkupi pengujian secara materil dan formil. Kewenangan MK melakukan pengujian undang-undang terhadap konstitusi. Sedangkan untuk pengujian peraturan perundang-undangan di bawah undang-undang terhadap undang-undang dilakukan _judicial review_ Mahkamah Agung dengan kewenangan hak uji materil. Kewenangan MK dan MA melakukan _judicial review_ dilakukan berdasarkan **Pasal 24C ayat (1) dan Pasal 24A ayat (1) UUD 1945**. Baca juga: **[Arti _Judicial Review_, _Legislative Review_ dan _Executive Review_](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/arti-ijudicial-review-i--ilegislative-review-i-dan-iexecutive-review-i-lt5cd543cf5d1d4?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=judicial_legislative_review)** ### **Perbedaan _Legislative Review_ dan _Judicial Review_** Dengan demikian, perbedaan signifikan antara _legislative review_ dan _judicial review_ terletak pada subjek yang melakukan _review_ dan objek _review_ sesuai dengan kewenangan yang diberikan oleh konstitusi yang akan kami terangkan dalam tabel berikut ini. **Pembeda** **_Legislative Review_** **_Judicial Review_** Subjek Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR). Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK) dan Mahkamah Agung (MA). Objek Pengujian undang-undang dan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang (Perppu) untuk disetujui. 1. MA: kewenangan pengujian peraturan perundang-undangan di bawah undang-undang terhadap undang-undang. 2. MK: kewenangan pengujian undang-undang terhadap UUD 1945. Konsep trias politica tidak secara mutlak diterapkan di Indonesia. Hal ini dapat dilihat bahwa terdapat lembaga legislatif sebagai pembentuk undang-undang, namun juga dapat melakukan _review_ undang-undang yang dikeluarkannya sendiri serta menyetujui atau tidak menyetujui perppu. Sedangkan, pada konsep trias politica, lembaga yudikatif yang berwenang secara penuh melakukan pengujian. Di Indonesia, _judicial review_ dilakukan oleh MA dan MK sebagai lembaga peradilan sesuai kewenangannya sebagaimana diterangkan_._ Namun demikian, _review_ yang dilakukan setiap lembaga yang berwenang pada intinya merupakan wujud dari _check and balance._ Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- [Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4ca2eb6dd2834/undang-undang-dasar-1945?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UUD_1945). PUTUSAN ------- 1. [Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 137/PUU-XIII/2015](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5c11fef88f81b/putusan-mahkamah-konstitusi-nomor-137-puu-xiii-2015?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=MK_137_2015); 2. [Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 56/PUU-XIV/2016](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5c10dc772303f/putusan-mahkamah-konstitusi-nomor-56-puu-xiv-2016?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=MK_56_2016). REFERENSI --------- 1. Henry P. Panggabean, _Fungsi Mahkamah Agung dalam Praktik Sehari-hari, Upaya Penanggulangan Tunggakan Perkara dan Pemberdayaan Fungsi Pengawasan Mahkamah Agung,_ Jakarta: Pustaka Sinar Harapan, 2001; 2. R. Subekti, _Kekuasaan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia,_ Bandung: Penerbit Alumni, 1992; 3. Ali Marwan, _Judicial Review_ dan _Legislative Review Terhadap Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang_, Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia_,_ Vol. 17 No. 1, Maret 2020; 4. Nurul Qamar, _Kewenangan Judicial Review Mahkamah Konstitusi_, Jurnal Konstitusi_,_ Vol. I, No. 1, November 2012; 5. Taufik H. Simatupang, _Mendudukkan Konsep Executive Review dalam Sistem Hukum Ketatanegaraan Indonesia_, Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure_,_ Vol. 19, No. 2, 2019. * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) R. Subekti, _Kekuasaan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia,_ Bandung: Penerbit Alumni, 1992, hal. 27 [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Henry P. Panggabean, _Fungsi Mahkamah Agung dalam Praktik Sehari-hari, Upaya Penanggulangan Tunggakan Perkara dan Pemberdayaan Fungsi Pengawasan Mahkamah Agung,_ Jakarta: Pustaka Sinar Harapan, 2001, hal. 127 [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Taufik H. Simatupang, _Mendudukkan Konsep Executive Review dalam Sistem Hukum Ketatanegaraan Indonesia_, Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure_,_ Vol. 19, No. 2, 2019, hal. 227 [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Nurul Qamar, _Kewenangan Judicial Review Mahkamah Konstitusi_, Jurnal Konstitusi_,_ Vol. I, No. 1, November 2012, hal. 2 [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Ali Marwan, _Judicial Review_ dan _Legislative Review Terhadap Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang_, Jurnal Legislative Indonesia_,_ Vol. 17 No. 1, Maret 2020, hal. 55 Tags ---- [executive review](/tag/executive-review) [judicial review](/tag/judicial-review) [legislatif](/tag/legislatif) [mahkamah agung](/tag/mahkamah-agung) [mahkamah konstitusi](/tag/mahkamah-konstitusi)
ULASAN LENGKAPThis article is an English translation of 3 Tahapan Perjanjian Internasional dan Penjelasannya written by Nafiatul Munawaroh, S.H., M.H, and was published on Friday, 10 March 2023. This article below is an update of the article entitled 3 Stages of International Treaty and Their Explanations as well as the Explanations(3 Tahapan Perjanjian Internasional Berikut Penjelasannya) which was first written by Saufa Ata Taqiyya, S.H. and was first published on Friday, 25 February 2022. All legal information available on Klinik hukumonline.com has been prepared for educational purposes only and is general in nature (read the complete Disclaimer). In order to obtain legal advice specific to your case, please consult with Justika Partner Consultant.International TreatyInternational treaties are one of the main sources of international law, as described in Article 38 section (1) ICJ Statute. The definition of an international treaty if it refers to Article 2 section (1) letter a VCLT 1969 are:Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas “treaty” means an international agreement concluded between States in written form and governed by international law, whether embodied in a single instrument or in two or more related instruments and whatever its particular designation.If the above definitions are interpreted, in essence, treaties are international agreements which are made between countries in written form and are regulated by international law.It should be noted that the VCLT 1969 is indeed one of the main instruments in international law governing international treaties. However, the applicability of the rules in the convention is limited to agreements between countries/states, and does not apply to agreements between countries and international organizations or agreements between international organizations.Under international law, agreements between states and international organizations as well as agreements between international organizations are regulated under a separate convention, which is VCLT 1986.Such separations are to be carried out on the basis of the consideration that the authority to draw up international treaties by international organizations is different from the authority to draw up international treaties by states, as well as the procedure to draw up international treaties which are undertaken by states differ from the procedures undertaken by international organizations.[1]Due to these differences in procedures, in order to simplify our answers, we will focus on the process/stages of international treaty-making, which are drawn up by states only.Stages of International TreatyFurthermore, in answering your question, what are the stages in the process of making international treaties? In essence, there are three stages of international treaty-making. The 3 stages of international treaties are as follows.[2]Negotiation/Negotiation of International AgreementThe first stage of an international treaty is negotiation, which is usually preceded by approaches by parties who intend to enter into international agreements, or in diplomatic language, this is known as lobbying. Lobbying can be conducted formally or informally. If in the lobbying there are clear points on an agreement of an issue, then an official negotiation will be held, which will be carried out by people who officially represent their country, accept the agreement that has been formulated, and ratify it.[3]These persons who are authorized to represent their country are further regulated under Article 7 VCLT 1969, among them are the Heads of State (i.e. the President), the Head of Government (i.e. the Prime Minister), and the Ministers for Foreign Affairs.In this stage of negotiation, there is also an adoption of the text process,[4] in which the negotiating parties formulate the text of the agreement which is then accepted by each of the negotiating parties. The adoption of the text of a treaty at an international conference takes place by the vote of 2/3 (two-thirds) of the States present and voting unless, by the same majority, they shall decide to apply a different rule.[5]Signing (Signature) of International TreatyAfter the adoption of the text during the negotiation stage, the next stage of the international treaty is the authentication of the text that is received by the negotiating parties.[6] The process or stage of authentication of the text of the international treaty is carried out in accordance with the agreement of the negotiating parties, or by affixing the signature of the state representative in the text of the international agreement.[7]Ratification of International Treaty (if necessary)According to Article 1 number 2 Law 24/2000, ratification is one of the legal acts to bind to an international treaty.However, from the perspective of international treaty law, this ratification process is not always necessary in order for an international treaty to be binding to a country. This is due to the fact that the parties in the negotiation of international treaties may agree that the signing of the treaty alone is sufficient to signify the state's approval of the agreement.[8]This ratification process is necessary if the text of the relevant international treaty states that the state's consent to be bound is indicated by way of ratification.[9]In Indonesia, ratification as the authentication of an international agreement is conducted by law or by decree of the president.[10]For the record, in addition to ratification, there are also various other ways to show the approval of a country to be bound to international treaties, such as accession, acceptance, and approval. The use of any of the abovementioned methods may be undertaken subject to the consent of the parties and to the provisions of international treaties.[11]It can be concluded that in short, there are 3 stages in international treaties, namely their establishment through negotiation, signing, and ratification if necessary.These are the answers we can provide, we hope you will find them useful.Legal Basis:Statute of the International Court of Justice;Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 1969;Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties between States and International Organizations or between International Organizations 1986;Law Number 24 of 2000 on International Treaty.Reference:I Made Pasek Diantha (et.al). Buku Ajar Hukum Perjanjian Internasional. Bagian Hukum Internasional, Fakultas Hukum Universitas Udayana, 2016;Sri Setianingsih Suwardi and Ida Kurnia. Hukum Perjanjian Internasional. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2019.[1] Sri S. Suwardi, Ida Kurnia, Hukum Perjanjian Internasional, Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2019, p. 4.[2] Sri S. Suwardi, Ida Kurnia, Hukum Perjanjian Internasional, Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2019, p. 25; I Made Pasek Diantha (et.al), Buku Ajar Hukum Perjanjian Internasional, Bagian Hukum Internasional: Fakultas Hukum Universitas Udayana, 2016, p. 19.[3] Sri S. Suwardi, Ida Kurnia, Hukum Perjanjian Internasional, Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2019, pp. 24–25.[4] Sri S. Suwardi, Ida Kurnia, Hukum Perjanjian Internasional, Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2019, p. 29.[5] Article 9 section (2) Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 1969 (“VCLT 1969”).[6] Sri S. Suwardi, Ida Kurnia, Hukum Perjanjian Internasional, Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2019, p. 29.[7] Article 10 VCLT 1969.[8] Article 12 section (1) letter b VCLT 1969.[9] Article 14 section (1) letter a VCLT 1969.[10] Article 9 section (2) Law Number 24 of 2000 on International Treaty (“Law 24/2000”).[11] Article 11 VCLT 1969.Tagsklinik english edition
What are the stages in the international treaty-making process? Please explain.
In short, there are 3 stages of international treaty-making until it becomes binding to a country. The three stages of the making of an international treaty are negotiation, signing, and ratification (if necessary). Please read the review below for a further explanation. Mau Melaporkan Tindak Pidana ke Polisi? Begini Prosedurnya21 Des 2022Perhatikan Ini Sebelum Tanda Tangan Kontrak Kerja20 Mar 2023Somasi: Pengertian, Dasar Hukum, dan Cara Membuatnya 7 Jun 2023Mau Melaporkan Tindak Pidana ke Polisi? Begini Prosedurnya21 Des 2022Perhatikan Ini Sebelum Tanda Tangan Kontrak Kerja20 Mar 2023Somasi: Pengertian, Dasar Hukum, dan Cara Membuatnya 7 Jun 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/3-stages-of-international-treaty-and-their-explanations-lt64107ab6e3b01/
3 Stages of International Treaty and Their Explanations
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- This article is an English translation of [**_3 Tahapan Perjanjian Internasional dan Penjelasannya_**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/tahapan-perjanjian-internasional-cl4997#_ftnref8?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=3_tahap_perjanjian_internasional) written by [**Nafiatul Munawaroh, S.H., M.H**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/nafiatul-munawaroh--sh--mh-lt627b7907691c3), and was published on Friday, 10 March 2023. **This article below is an update of the article entitled** **3 Stages of International Treaty and Their Explanations** **as well as the Explanations(3 Tahapan Perjanjian Internasional Berikut Penjelasannya) which was first written by** [**Saufa Ata Taqiyya, S.H.**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/saufa-ata-taqiyya--sh-lt5f33b4569d68e) **and was first published on Friday, 25 February 2022.**  All legal information available on Klinik hukumonline.com has been prepared for educational purposes only and is general in nature (read the complete [**Disclaimer**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer)). In order to obtain legal advice specific to your case, please consult with [**Justika Partner Consultant**](https://www.justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **International Treaty** International treaties are one of the main sources of international law, as described in **Article 38 section (1)** [**ICJ Statute**](https://www.icj-cij.org/statute). The definition of an international treaty if it refers to **Article 2 section (1) letter a** [**VCLT 1969**](https://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/conventions/1_1_1969.pdf) are: Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) _“treaty” means an international agreement concluded between States in written form and governed by international law, whether embodied in a single instrument or in two or more related instruments and whatever its particular designation._ If the above definitions are interpreted, in essence, treaties are international agreements which are made between countries in written form and are regulated by international law. It should be noted that the VCLT 1969 is indeed one of the main instruments in international law governing international treaties. However, the applicability of the rules in the convention is limited to agreements between countries/states, and does not apply to agreements between countries and international organizations or agreements between international organizations. Under international law, agreements between states and international organizations as well as agreements between international organizations are regulated under a separate convention, which is [**VCLT 1986**](https://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/conventions/1_2_1986.pdf). Such separations are to be carried out on the basis of the consideration that the authority to draw up international treaties by international organizations is different from the authority to draw up international treaties by states, as well as the procedure to draw up international treaties which are undertaken by states differ from the procedures undertaken by international organizations.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Due to these differences in procedures, in order to simplify our answers, we will focus on the process/stages of international treaty-making, which are drawn up by states only. ### **Stages of International Treaty** Furthermore, in answering your question, what are the stages in the process of making international treaties? In essence, there are three stages of international treaty-making. The 3 stages of international treaties are as follows.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) 1. **Negotiation/Negotiation of International Agreement** The first stage of an international treaty is negotiation, which is usually preceded by approaches by parties who intend to enter into international agreements, or in diplomatic language, this is known as lobbying. Lobbying can be conducted formally or informally. If in the lobbying there are clear points on an agreement of an issue, then an official negotiation will be held, which will be carried out by people who officially represent their country, accept the agreement that has been formulated, and ratify it.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) These persons who are authorized to represent their country are further regulated under **Article 7 VCLT 1969**, among them are the Heads of State (i.e. the President), the Head of Government (i.e. the Prime Minister), and the Ministers for Foreign Affairs. In this stage of negotiation, there is also an adoption of the text process,[\[4\]](#_ftn4) in which the negotiating parties formulate the text of the agreement which is then accepted by each of the negotiating parties. The adoption of the text of a treaty at an international conference takes place by the vote of 2/3 (two-thirds) of the States present and voting unless, by the same majority, they shall decide to apply a different rule.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) 2. **Signing (Signature) of International Treaty** After the adoption of the text during the negotiation stage, the next stage of the international treaty is the authentication of the text that is received by the negotiating parties.[\[6\]](#_ftn6) The process or stage of authentication of the text of the international treaty is carried out in accordance with the agreement of the negotiating parties, or by affixing the signature of the state representative in the text of the international agreement.[\[7\]](#_ftn7) 3. **Ratification of International Treaty (if necessary)** According to **Article 1 number 2** [**Law 24/2000**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17498/nprt/15/uu-no-24-tahun-2000-perjanjian-internasional?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_24_2000), ratification is one of the legal acts to bind to an international treaty. However, from the perspective of international treaty law, this ratification process is not always necessary in order for an international treaty to be binding to a country. This is due to the fact that the parties in the negotiation of international treaties may agree that the signing of the treaty alone is sufficient to signify the state's approval of the agreement.[\[8\]](#_ftn8) This ratification process is necessary if the text of the relevant international treaty states that the state's consent to be bound is indicated by way of ratification.[\[9\]](#_ftn9) In Indonesia, ratification as the authentication of an international agreement is conducted by law or by decree of the president.[\[10\]](#_ftn10) For the record, in addition to ratification, there are also various other ways to show the approval of a country to be bound to international treaties, such as accession, acceptance, and approval. The use of any of the abovementioned methods may be undertaken subject to the consent of the parties and to the provisions of international treaties.[\[11\]](#_ftn11) It can be concluded that in short, there are 3 stages in international treaties, namely their establishment through negotiation, signing, and ratification if necessary. These are the answers we can provide, we hope you will find them useful. Legal Basis: 1. [Statute of the International Court of Justice](https://www.icj-cij.org/statute); 2. [Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 1969](https://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/conventions/1_1_1969.pdf); 3. [Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties between States and International Organizations or between International Organizations 1986](https://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/conventions/1_2_1986.pdf); 4. [Law Number 24 of 2000 on International Treaty](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17498/nprt/15/uu-no-24-tahun-2000-perjanjian-internasional?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_24_2000). Reference: 1. I Made Pasek Diantha _(et.al)_. _Buku Ajar Hukum Perjanjian Internasional_. Bagian Hukum Internasional, Fakultas Hukum Universitas Udayana, 2016; 2. Sri Setianingsih Suwardi and Ida Kurnia. _Hukum Perjanjian Internasional_. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2019. * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Sri S. Suwardi, Ida Kurnia, _Hukum Perjanjian Internasional_, Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2019, p. 4. [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Sri S. Suwardi, Ida Kurnia, _Hukum Perjanjian Internasional_, Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2019, p. 25; I Made Pasek Diantha _(et.al)_, _Buku Ajar Hukum Perjanjian Internasional_, Bagian Hukum Internasional: Fakultas Hukum Universitas Udayana, 2016, p. 19. [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Sri S. Suwardi, Ida Kurnia, _Hukum Perjanjian Internasional_, Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2019, pp. 24–25. [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Sri S. Suwardi, Ida Kurnia, _Hukum Perjanjian Internasional_, Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2019, p. 29. [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Article 9 section (2) [Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 1969](https://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/conventions/1_1_1969.pdf) (“VCLT 1969”). [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Sri S. Suwardi, Ida Kurnia, _Hukum Perjanjian Internasional_, Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2019, p. 29. [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Article 10 VCLT 1969. [\[8\]](#_ftnref8) Article 12 section (1) letter b VCLT 1969. [\[9\]](#_ftnref9) Article 14 section (1) letter a VCLT 1969. [\[10\]](#_ftnref10) Article 9 section (2) [Law Number 24 of 2000 on International Treaty](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17498/nprt/15/uu-no-24-tahun-2000-perjanjian-internasional?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_24_2000) (“Law 24/2000”). [\[11\]](#_ftnref11) Article 11 VCLT 1969. Tags ---- [klinik english edition](/tag/klinik-english-edition)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.Para Pihak dalam Sengketa di Sektor Jasa Keuangan KLINIK TERKAITBiaya Layanan Penyelesaian Sengketa di LAPS SJK09 Mar 2023Bisakah Penyelesaian Sengketa Jarak Jauh Dilakukan Melalui LAPS SJK?02 Feb 2023Alur Penyelesaian Sengketa Jasa Keuangan Melalui LAPS SJK01 Feb 2023Mengenal LAPS SJK (Lembaga Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Sektor Jasa Keuangan)30 Jan 2023Untuk menjawab pertanyaan Anda, kami merujuk pada POJK 61/2020. Sebelumnya, perlu kami sampaikan terlebih dahulu mengenai mediasi di LAPS SJK. Mediasi adalah salah satu layanan yang disediakan oleh Lembaga Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Sektor Jasa Keuangan (“LAPS SJK”) untuk penyelesaian sengketa yang dilakukan melalui pihak ketiga untuk membantu pihak yang bersengketa mencapai kesepakatan.[1]Adapun, yang dimaksud dengan sengketa adalah perselisihan antara konsumen dengan  Pelaku Usaha Jasa Keuangan (“PUJK”) yang telah melalui proses penyelesaian pengaduan oleh PUJK dan disebabkan oleh adanya kerugian dan/atau potensi kerugian materiel, wajar dan secara langsung pada konsumen karena PUJK tidak memenuhi perjanjian dan/atau dokumen transaksi keuangan yang telah disepakati.[2]Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Artinya, yang menjadi para pihak dalam sengketa yang ditangani oleh LAPS SJK adalah PUJK dan konsumen. Lantas siapa saja yang tergolong sebagai PUJK? PUJK adalah bank umum, bank perkreditan rakyat/pembiayaan rakyat, perantara pedagang efek, manajer investasi, dana pensiun, perusahaan asuransi, perusahaan reasuransi, lembaga pembiayaan, perusahaan pergadaian, perusahaan penjaminan, penyelenggara layanan pinjam meminjam uang berbasis teknologi informasi, penyelenggara layanan urunan dana, lembaga keuangan mikro, lembaga ekspor Indonesia, PT Permodalan Nasional Madani (Persero), dan lembaga jasa keuangan lainnya yang melakukan kegiatan keperantaraan, pengelolaan dana, dan penyimpanan dana di sektor jasa keuangan, baik yang melaksanakan kegiatan usahanya secara konvensional maupun secara syariah berdasarkan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan di sektor jasa keuangan.[3]Sementara, konsumen adalah pihak yang menempatkan dananya dan/atau memanfaatkan pelayanan yang tersedia di PUJK.[4]Apabila para pihak telah menempuh proses alternatif penyelesaian sengketa dan sudah ada hasil kesepakatan yang disepakati, PUJK memiliki serangkaian kewajiban, salah satunya adalah melaksanakan kesepakatan dan putusan LAPS SJK.[5]Mediasi Tidak Dilaksanakan, Tempuh Langkah IniLantas, yang menjadi permasalahan adalah apa langkah yang dapat dilakukan oleh konsumen apabila mediasi tidak dilaksanakan oleh PUJK ?Apabila Anda merupakan konsumen yang dirugikan akibat PUJK tidak menjalankan atau tidak memenuhi kewajibannya untuk melaksanakan hasil mediasi, maka Anda dapat menyampaikan hal tersebut kepada LAPS SJK untuk selanjutnya LAPS SJK akan melaporkan kepada OJK. Adapun batas waktunya adalah 10 hari sejak batas waktu pelaksanaan kesepakatan. Hal ini sebagaimana diatur di dalam Pasal 37 POJK 61/2020 yang berbunyi:LAPS Sektor Jasa Keuangan wajib menyampaikan secara tertulis nama PUJK dan Konsumen yang tidak melaksanakan kesepakatan atau putusan LAPS Sektor Jasa Keuangan kepada Otoritas Jasa Keuangan paling lama 10 (sepuluh) hari kerja sejak batas waktu pelaksanaan kesepakatan atau putusan.Perlu Anda ketahui bahwa LAPS SJK memiliki kewajiban untuk melakukan pemantauan atau monitoring terhadap pelaksanaan kesepakatan para pihak yang menyelesaikan sengketanya di LAPS SJK sebagaimana tertuang dalam kesepakatan perdamaian.Apabila kesepakatan perdamaian tidak dilaksanakan oleh PUJK, maka PUJK tersebut dapat dikenakan sanksi administratif oleh OJK, sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal  43 POJK 61/2020 yaitu berupa:peringatan tertulis;denda yaitu kewajiban untuk membayar sejumlah uang tertentu;pembatasan kegiatan usaha; dan/ataupembekuan kegiatan usaha.Sanksi berupa denda, pembatasan kegiatan usaha dan/atau pembekuan kegiatan usaha dapat dikenakan dengan atau tanpa didahului pengenaan sanksi peringatan tertulis.[6]Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwibahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut di sini.Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat.DASAR HUKUMPeraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Republik Indonesia Nomor 61 Tahun 2020 tentang Lembaga Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Sektor Jasa Keuangan.[1] Penjelasan Pasal 8 ayat (3) huruf a angka 1 Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 61/POJK.07/2020 Tahun 2020 tentang Lembaga Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Sektor Jasa Keuangan (“POJK 61/2021”)[2] Pasal 1 angka 6 POJK 61/2020[3] Pasal 1 angka 2 POJK 61/2020[4] Pasal 1 angka 3 POJK 61/2020[5] Pasal 11 huruf c POJK 61/2020[6] Pasal 43 ayat (2) POJK 61/2020Tagsalternatif penyelesaian sengketalapsmediasi
Jika saya dan pihak Pelaku Usaha Jasa Keuangan (PUJK) bersepakat untuk menyelesaikan sengketa sektor jasa keuangan di LAPS SJK melalui mediasi, namun pihak PUJK tidak melaksanakan hasil mediasi yang telah disepakati, apa upaya hukum yang dapat saya tempuh sebagai pihak yang dirugikan?
Dalam menyelesaikan sengketa di sektor jasa keuangan, Lembaga Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Sektor Jasa Keuangan (LAPS SJK) memberikan layanan melalui mediasi. Apabila para pihak yaitu Pelaku Usaha Jasa Keuangan (PUJK) dan konsumen telah melakukan mediasi dan tercapai kesepakatan, namun mediasi tidak dilaksanakan oleh PUJK, langkah apa yang dapat ditempuh oleh konsumen? Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Biaya Layanan Penyelesaian Sengketa di LAPS SJK09 Mar 2023Bisakah Penyelesaian Sengketa Jarak Jauh Dilakukan Melalui LAPS SJK?02 Feb 2023Alur Penyelesaian Sengketa Jasa Keuangan Melalui LAPS SJK01 Feb 2023Mengenal LAPS SJK (Lembaga Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Sektor Jasa Keuangan)30 Jan 2023Biaya Layanan Penyelesaian Sengketa di LAPS SJK09 Mar 2023Bisakah Penyelesaian Sengketa Jarak Jauh Dilakukan Melalui LAPS SJK?02 Feb 2023Alur Penyelesaian Sengketa Jasa Keuangan Melalui LAPS SJK01 Feb 2023Mengenal LAPS SJK (Lembaga Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Sektor Jasa Keuangan)30 Jan 2023Catat! Ini 3 Aspek Hukum untuk Mendirikan Startup9 Mei 2023Persyaratan Pemberhentian Direksi dan Komisaris PT PMA17 Mei 2023Simak! Ini 5 Langkah Merger PT 22 Mei 2023Catat! Ini 3 Aspek Hukum untuk Mendirikan Startup9 Mei 2023Persyaratan Pemberhentian Direksi dan Komisaris PT PMA17 Mei 2023Simak! Ini 5 Langkah Merger PT 22 Mei 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/hasil-mediasi-di-laps-sjk-tidak-dilaksanakan-tempuh-langkah-ini-lt641053d92060a/
Hasil Mediasi di LAPS SJK Tidak Dilaksanakan, Tempuh Langkah Ini
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika)**.** ### **Para Pihak dalam Sengketa di Sektor Jasa Keuangan** ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Biaya Layanan Penyelesaian Sengketa di LAPS SJK ](/klinik/a/biaya-layanan-penyelesaian-sengketa-di-laps-sjk-lt6409873512cd3/) ![Biaya Layanan Penyelesaian Sengketa di LAPS SJK](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt6409873512cd3/thumbnail_lt6409886982a84.jpg) 09 Mar 2023 [ #### Bisakah Penyelesaian Sengketa Jarak Jauh Dilakukan Melalui LAPS SJK? ](/klinik/a/bisakah-penyelesaian-sengketa-jarak-jauh-dilakukan-melalui-laps-sjk-lt63db6205289c7/) ![Bisakah Penyelesaian Sengketa Jarak Jauh Dilakukan Melalui LAPS SJK?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt63db6205289c7/thumbnail_lt63db62d1e9b6c.jpg) 02 Feb 2023 [ #### Alur Penyelesaian Sengketa Jasa Keuangan Melalui LAPS SJK ](/klinik/a/alur-penyelesaian-sengketa-jasa-keuangan-melalui-laps-sjk-lt63da2bd746301/) ![Alur Penyelesaian Sengketa Jasa Keuangan Melalui LAPS SJK](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt63da2bd746301/thumbnail_lt63da2ca8419d7.jpg) 01 Feb 2023 [ #### Mengenal LAPS SJK (Lembaga Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Sektor Jasa Keuangan) ](/klinik/a/mengenal-laps-sjk-lembaga-alternatif-penyelesaian-sengketa-sektor-jasa-keuangan-lt63d79c5153926/) ![Mengenal LAPS SJK (Lembaga Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Sektor Jasa Keuangan)](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt63d79c5153926/thumbnail_lt63d79e3a191ff.jpg) 30 Jan 2023 [](#!) Untuk menjawab pertanyaan Anda, kami merujuk pada **[POJK 61/2020](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5fe18d53c66d9/peraturan-otoritas-jasa-keuangan-nomor-61-pojk07-2020-tahun-2020/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pojk_61_2020)**. Sebelumnya, perlu kami sampaikan terlebih dahulu mengenai mediasi di LAPS SJK. Mediasi adalah salah satu layanan yang disediakan oleh [Lembaga Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Sektor Jasa Keuangan](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/mengenal-laps-sjk-lembaga-alternatif-penyelesaian-sengketa-sektor-jasa-keuangan-lt63d79c5153926?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=mengenal_LAPS_SJK) (“LAPS SJK”) untuk penyelesaian sengketa yang dilakukan melalui pihak ketiga untuk membantu pihak yang bersengketa mencapai kesepakatan.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Adapun, yang dimaksud dengan sengketa adalah perselisihan antara konsumen dengan  Pelaku Usaha Jasa Keuangan (“PUJK”) yang telah melalui proses penyelesaian pengaduan oleh PUJK dan disebabkan oleh adanya kerugian dan/atau potensi kerugian materiel, wajar dan secara langsung pada konsumen karena PUJK tidak memenuhi perjanjian dan/atau dokumen transaksi keuangan yang telah disepakati.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Artinya, yang menjadi para pihak dalam sengketa yang ditangani oleh LAPS SJK adalah PUJK dan konsumen. Lantas siapa saja yang tergolong sebagai PUJK? PUJK adalah bank umum, bank perkreditan rakyat/pembiayaan rakyat, perantara pedagang efek, manajer investasi, dana pensiun, perusahaan asuransi, perusahaan reasuransi, lembaga pembiayaan, perusahaan pergadaian, perusahaan penjaminan, penyelenggara layanan pinjam meminjam uang berbasis teknologi informasi, penyelenggara layanan urunan dana, lembaga keuangan mikro, lembaga ekspor Indonesia, PT Permodalan Nasional Madani (Persero), dan lembaga jasa keuangan lainnya yang melakukan kegiatan keperantaraan, pengelolaan dana, dan penyimpanan dana di sektor jasa keuangan, baik yang melaksanakan kegiatan usahanya secara konvensional maupun secara syariah berdasarkan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan di sektor jasa keuangan.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Sementara, konsumen adalah pihak yang menempatkan dananya dan/atau memanfaatkan pelayanan yang tersedia di PUJK.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) Apabila para pihak telah menempuh proses alternatif penyelesaian sengketa dan sudah ada hasil kesepakatan yang disepakati, PUJK memiliki serangkaian kewajiban, salah satunya adalah **melaksanakan kesepakatan dan putusan LAPS SJK**.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) ### **Mediasi Tidak Dilaksanakan, Tempuh Langkah Ini** Lantas, yang menjadi permasalahan adalah apa langkah yang dapat dilakukan oleh konsumen apabila mediasi tidak dilaksanakan oleh PUJK ? Apabila Anda merupakan konsumen yang dirugikan akibat PUJK tidak menjalankan atau tidak memenuhi kewajibannya untuk melaksanakan hasil mediasi, maka Anda **dapat menyampaikan hal tersebut kepada LAPS SJK untuk selanjutnya LAPS SJK akan melaporkan kepada OJK.** Adapun batas waktunya adalah 10 hari sejak batas waktu pelaksanaan kesepakatan. Hal ini sebagaimana diatur di dalam **Pasal 37 POJK 61/2020** yang berbunyi: _LAPS Sektor Jasa Keuangan wajib menyampaikan secara tertulis **nama PUJK dan Konsumen yang tidak melaksanakan kesepakatan atau putusan LAPS Sektor Jasa Keuangan kepada Otoritas Jasa Keuangan** paling lama 10 (sepuluh) hari kerja sejak batas waktu pelaksanaan kesepakatan atau putusan._ Perlu Anda ketahui bahwa LAPS SJK memiliki kewajiban untuk melakukan pemantauan atau _monitoring_ terhadap pelaksanaan kesepakatan para pihak yang menyelesaikan sengketanya di LAPS SJK sebagaimana tertuang dalam **kesepakatan perdamaian.** Apabila kesepakatan perdamaian tidak dilaksanakan oleh PUJK, maka PUJK tersebut dapat dikenakan sanksi administratif oleh OJK, sebagaimana diatur dalam **Pasal  43 POJK 61/2020** yaitu berupa: 1. peringatan tertulis; 2. denda yaitu kewajiban untuk membayar sejumlah uang tertentu; 3. pembatasan kegiatan usaha; dan/atau 4. pembekuan kegiatan usaha. Sanksi berupa denda, pembatasan kegiatan usaha dan/atau pembekuan kegiatan usaha dapat dikenakan dengan atau tanpa didahului pengenaan sanksi peringatan tertulis.[\[6\]](#_ftn6) Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwibahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut [di sini](https://pro.hukumonline.com/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=cta&utm_campaign=artikel_klinik). Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- [Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Republik Indonesia Nomor 61 Tahun 2020 tentang Lembaga Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Sektor Jasa Keuangan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5fe18d53c66d9/peraturan-otoritas-jasa-keuangan-nomor-61-pojk07-2020-tahun-2020/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pojk_61_2020). * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Penjelasan Pasal 8 ayat (3) huruf a angka 1 [Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 61/POJK.07/2020 Tahun 2020 tentang Lembaga Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Sektor Jasa Keuangan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5fe18d53c66d9/peraturan-otoritas-jasa-keuangan-nomor-61-pojk07-2020-tahun-2020/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pojk_61_2020) (“POJK 61/2021”) [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal 1 angka 6 POJK 61/2020 [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 1 angka 2 POJK 61/2020 [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 1 angka 3 POJK 61/2020 [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Pasal 11 huruf c POJK 61/2020 [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Pasal 43 ayat (2) POJK 61/2020 Tags ---- [alternatif penyelesaian sengketa](/tag/alternatif-penyelesaian-sengketa) [laps](/tag/laps) [mediasi](/tag/mediasi)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. KLINIK TERKAITMendaftar Merek Pakai Nama Orang Tanpa Izin, Bisakah Digugat?02 Mar 2023Warkop Pakai Nama Merek Mi Instan Langgar Hak Merek?12 Sep 2022Pelanggaran Merek atau Bukan, Cek Dulu Fakta Ini27 Jun 2022Arti R dan TM dalam Merek Dagang10 Mar 2022Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika. Gantungan Kunci Berbentuk Mi Instan Langgar Merek?Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Sebelumnya, kami informasikan bahwa hak atas suatu merek baru diperoleh ketika suatu merek tersebut telah terdaftar, bukan ketika diajukan pendaftaran merek ke Kementerian Hukum dan HAM.[1] Terdaftarnya merek tersebut dapat dibuktikan dengan telah terbitnya suatu sertifikat merek yang dikeluarkan oleh Kementerian Hukum dan HAM.[2]Lebih lanjut, untuk pelanggaran kekayaan intelektual, baik dalam pelanggaran perdata maupun pidana baru terjadi apabila penggunaan merek yang sama pada keseluruhannya atau pokoknya dengan merek terdaftar milik pihak lain untuk jenis barang dan/atau jasa yang sejenis. Hal ini diatur secara tegas dalam dalam Pasal 83 ayat (1), Pasal 100 ayat (1) dan (2), dan Pasal 102 UU Merek yang selengkapnya berbunyi sebagai berikut.Pasal 83 ayat (1)Pemilik Merek terdaftar dan/atau penerima Lisensi Merek terdaftar dapat mengajukan gugatan terhadap pihak lain yang secara tanpa hak menggunakan Merek yang mempunyai persamaan pada pokoknya atau keseluruhannya untuk barang dan/atau jasa yang sejenis berupa:gugatan ganti rugi; dan/ataupenghentian semua perbuatan yang berkaitan dengan penggunaan Merek tersebut. Pasal 100 ayat (1) Setiap Orang yang dengan tanpa hak menggunakan Merek yang sama pada keseluruhannya dengan Merek terdaftar milik pihak lain untuk barang dan/atau jasa sejenis yang diproduksi dan/atau diperdagangkan, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 5 tahun dan/atau pidana denda paling banyak Rp2 miliar. Pasal 102 Setiap Orang yang memperdagangkan barang dan/atau jasa dan/atau produk yang diketahui atau patut diduga mengetahui bahwa barang dan/atau jasa dan/atau produk tersebut merupakan hasil tindak pidana sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 100 dan Pasal 101 dipidana dengan pidana kurungan paling lama 1 tahun atau denda paling banyak Rp200 juta.Berdasarkan bunyi pasal tersebut di atas, perlu diperhatikan kembali pendaftaran merek atas jenis barang atau jasa terkait. Jadi, apabila ada pihak yang memproduksi atau menjual gantungan kunci yang menyerupai produk mi instan atau suvenir lainnya yang menggunakan merek terdaftar, secara prinsip perbuatan ini bukanlah pelanggaran pidana atau perdata atas UU Merek, sepanjang pemilik merek mi instan tidak memiliki pendaftaran merek untuk jenis barang yang berkaitan dengan gantungan kunci.Namun sebaliknya, pelanggaran pidana atau perdata atas UU Merek tersebut baru terjadi apabila pemilik merek mi instan terkait memiliki pendaftaran merek untuk jenis barang berkaitan dengan gantungan kunci dalam hal ini kelas barang yang relevan adalah kelas 14. Contoh KasusUntuk mempermudah gambaran Anda terkait pelanggaran merek, kami mencontohkan kasus penjualan produk pisau cukur yang telah diputus melalui Putusan PN Jakarta Barat No. 1619/Pid.Sus/2020/PN Jkt.Brt.Terdakwa dijatuhi hukuman pidana penjara selama 1 tahun dan 6 bulan dan pidana denda sebesar Rp500 juta, karena telah menjual produk pisau cukur menggunakan merek terdaftar untuk jenis barang pisau cukur milik salah satu perusahaan multinasional di Indonesia. Dalam hal ini, keduanya sama-sama merupakan produk pisau cukur atau dengan kata lain sejenis. Potensi Pelanggaran UU Perlindungan KonsumenSelain adanya potensi pelanggaran merek, produk gantungan kunci atau souvenir yang mencantumkan merek terdaftar bisa berpotensi melanggar Pasal 9 ayat (1) huruf d UU Perlindungan Konsumen.Pelaku usaha dilarang menawarkan, mempromosikan, mengiklankan suatu barang dan/atau jasa secara tidak benar, dan/atau seolah-olah barang dan/atau jasa tersebut dibuat oleh perusahaan yang mempunyai sponsor, persetujuan atau afiliasi.[3]Pelanggaran atas ketentuan larangan di atas mengakibatkan pelaku usaha diancam pidana penjara paling lama 5 tahun atau pidana denda paling banyak Rp2 miliar.[4] Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUMUndang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan KonsumenUndang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 tentang Merek dan Indikasi GeografisPeraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja PUTUSANPutusan Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Barat Nomor 1619/Pid.Sus/2020/PN Jkt.Brt. REFERENSIKelas 14, yang diakses pada 14 Maret 2023, pukul 15.30 WIB.[1] Pasal 3 Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis (“UU Merek”)[2] Pasal 108 angka 3 Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja yang mengubah Pasal 25 ayat (1) UU Merek[3] Pasal 9 ayat (1) huruf d Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen (“UU Perlindungan Konsumen”)[4] Pasal 62 ayat (1) UU Perlindungan KonsumenTagshak kekayaan intelektualkekayaan intelektualmerekperlindungan konsumensengketa merek
Apakah miniatur produk yang dibuat menyerupai aslinya seperti gantungan kunci dengan bentuk produk mi instan, makanan ringan, dll termasuk pelanggaran kekayaan intelektual? Terima kasih.
Terkait pelanggaran kekayaan intelektual, baik dalam pelanggaran perdata maupun pidana baru terjadi apabila penggunaan merek yang sama pada keseluruhannya atau pokoknya dengan merek terdaftar milik pihak lain untuk jenis barang dan/atau jasa yang sejenis. Lalu apakah menjual gantungan kunci berbentuk mi instan dapat dikatakan melanggar merek?   Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Mendaftar Merek Pakai Nama Orang Tanpa Izin, Bisakah Digugat?02 Mar 2023Warkop Pakai Nama Merek Mi Instan Langgar Hak Merek?12 Sep 2022Pelanggaran Merek atau Bukan, Cek Dulu Fakta Ini27 Jun 2022Arti R dan TM dalam Merek Dagang10 Mar 2022Mendaftar Merek Pakai Nama Orang Tanpa Izin, Bisakah Digugat?02 Mar 2023Warkop Pakai Nama Merek Mi Instan Langgar Hak Merek?12 Sep 2022Pelanggaran Merek atau Bukan, Cek Dulu Fakta Ini27 Jun 2022Arti R dan TM dalam Merek Dagang10 Mar 2022Kiat-kiat Membeli Tanah Girik yang Aman4 Jun 2024Cara dan Biaya Mengurus Perceraian Tanpa Pengacara25 Apr 2024Cara Hitung Pesangon Berdasarkan UU Cipta Kerja18 Agu 2023Kiat-kiat Membeli Tanah Girik yang Aman4 Jun 2024Cara dan Biaya Mengurus Perceraian Tanpa Pengacara25 Apr 2024Cara Hitung Pesangon Berdasarkan UU Cipta Kerja18 Agu 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/jual-gantungan-kunci-berbentuk-mi-instan-masuk-pelanggaran-merek-lt62f480831966b/
Jual Gantungan Kunci Berbentuk Mi Instan, Masuk Pelanggaran Merek?
pages/156/page-5.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Mendaftar Merek Pakai Nama Orang Tanpa Izin, Bisakah Digugat? ](/klinik/a/mendaftar-merek-pakai-nama-orang-tanpa-izin-bisakah-digugat-lt64005cc67b000/) ![Mendaftar Merek Pakai Nama Orang Tanpa Izin, Bisakah Digugat?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt64005cc67b000/thumbnail_lt64005e123745f.jpg) 02 Mar 2023 [ #### Warkop Pakai Nama Merek Mi Instan Langgar Hak Merek? ](/klinik/a/warkop-pakai-nama-merek-mi-instan-langgar-hak-merek-lt631f0d7cc39d0/) ![Warkop Pakai Nama Merek Mi Instan Langgar Hak Merek?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt631f0d7cc39d0/thumbnail_lt631f0ecba5c5f.jpg) 12 Sep 2022 [ #### Pelanggaran Merek atau Bukan, Cek Dulu Fakta Ini ](/klinik/a/pelanggaran-merek-atau-bukan-cek-dulu-fakta-ini-lt62b9656c00886/) ![Pelanggaran Merek atau Bukan, Cek Dulu Fakta Ini](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt62b9656c00886/thumbnail_lt62b9669358b9d.jpg) 27 Jun 2022 [ #### Arti R dan TM dalam Merek Dagang ](/klinik/a/arti-r-dan-tm-dalam-merek-dagang-cl5735/) ![Arti R dan TM dalam Merek Dagang](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/cl5735/thumbnail_lt6229a84b548c4.jpg) 10 Mar 2022 [](#!) Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Gantungan Kunci Berbentuk Mi Instan Langgar Merek?** Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Sebelumnya, kami informasikan bahwa hak atas suatu merek baru diperoleh ketika suatu merek tersebut telah terdaftar, bukan ketika diajukan pendaftaran merek ke Kementerian Hukum dan HAM.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Terdaftarnya merek tersebut dapat dibuktikan dengan telah terbitnya suatu sertifikat merek yang dikeluarkan oleh Kementerian Hukum dan HAM.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Lebih lanjut, untuk pelanggaran kekayaan intelektual, baik dalam pelanggaran perdata maupun pidana baru terjadi apabila penggunaan merek yang sama pada keseluruhannya atau pokoknya dengan merek terdaftar milik pihak lain untuk jenis barang dan/atau jasa yang sejenis. Hal ini diatur secara tegas dalam dalam **Pasal 83 ayat (1), Pasal 100 ayat (1) dan (2),** dan **Pasal 102 [UU Merek](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5850fd588be8e/undang-undang-nomor-20-tahun-2016?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_20_2016)** yang selengkapnya berbunyi sebagai berikut. **Pasal 83 ayat (1)** _Pemilik Merek terdaftar dan/atau penerima Lisensi Merek terdaftar dapat mengajukan gugatan terhadap pihak lain yang secara tanpa hak menggunakan Merek yang mempunyai persamaan pada pokoknya atau keseluruhannya **untuk** **barang dan/atau jasa yang sejenis** berupa:_ 1. _gugatan ganti rugi; dan/atau_ 2. _penghentian semua perbuatan yang berkaitan dengan penggunaan Merek tersebut._ **Pasal 100 ayat (1)** _Setiap Orang yang dengan tanpa hak menggunakan Merek yang sama pada keseluruhannya dengan Merek terdaftar milik pihak lain **untuk barang dan/atau jasa sejenis** yang diproduksi dan/atau diperdagangkan, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 5 tahun dan/atau pidana denda paling banyak Rp2 miliar._ **Pasal 102** _Setiap Orang yang memperdagangkan barang dan/atau jasa dan/atau produk yang diketahui atau patut diduga mengetahui bahwa barang dan/atau jasa dan/atau produk tersebut merupakan **hasil tindak pidana** **sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 100** dan Pasal 101 dipidana dengan pidana kurungan paling lama 1 tahun atau denda paling banyak Rp200 juta._ Berdasarkan bunyi pasal tersebut di atas, perlu diperhatikan kembali pendaftaran merek atas jenis barang atau jasa terkait. Jadi, apabila ada pihak yang memproduksi atau menjual gantungan kunci yang menyerupai produk mi instan atau suvenir lainnya yang menggunakan merek terdaftar, secara prinsip perbuatan ini bukanlah pelanggaran pidana atau perdata atas UU Merek, sepanjang pemilik merek mi instan tidak memiliki pendaftaran merek untuk jenis barang yang berkaitan dengan gantungan kunci. Namun sebaliknya, pelanggaran pidana atau perdata atas UU Merek tersebut baru terjadi apabila pemilik merek mi instan terkait memiliki pendaftaran merek untuk jenis barang berkaitan dengan gantungan kunci dalam hal ini kelas barang yang relevan adalah **[kelas 14](https://skm.dgip.go.id/index.php/skm/detailkelas/14)**. ### **Contoh Kasus** Untuk mempermudah gambaran Anda terkait pelanggaran merek, kami mencontohkan kasus penjualan produk pisau cukur yang telah diputus melalui **[Putusan PN Jakarta Barat No. 1619/Pid.Sus/2020/PN Jkt.Brt](https://putusan3.mahkamahagung.go.id/direktori/putusan/zaec34ce0128e8c0abba323032363332.html)**. Terdakwa dijatuhi hukuman pidana penjara selama 1 tahun dan 6 bulan dan pidana denda sebesar Rp500 juta, karena telah menjual produk pisau cukur menggunakan merek terdaftar untuk jenis barang pisau cukur milik salah satu perusahaan multinasional di Indonesia. Dalam hal ini, keduanya sama-sama merupakan produk pisau cukur atau dengan kata lain sejenis. ### **Potensi Pelanggaran UU Perlindungan Konsumen** Selain adanya potensi pelanggaran merek, produk gantungan kunci atau souvenir yang mencantumkan merek terdaftar bisa berpotensi melanggar **Pasal 9 ayat (1) huruf d [UU Perlindungan Konsumen](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/447/undangundang-nomor-8-tahun-1999/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_Perlindungan_Konsumen)**. Pelaku usaha dilarang menawarkan, mempromosikan, mengiklankan suatu barang dan/atau jasa secara tidak benar, dan/atau seolah-olah barang dan/atau jasa tersebut dibuat oleh perusahaan yang mempunyai sponsor, persetujuan atau afiliasi.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Pelanggaran atas ketentuan larangan di atas mengakibatkan pelaku usaha diancam pidana penjara paling lama 5 tahun atau pidana denda paling banyak Rp2 miliar.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/447/undangundang-nomor-8-tahun-1999/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_Perlindungan_Konsumen) Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5850fd588be8e/undang-undang-nomor-20-tahun-2016?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_20_2016) Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022) PUTUSAN ------- [Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Barat Nomor 1619/Pid.Sus/2020/PN Jkt.Brt](https://putusan3.mahkamahagung.go.id/direktori/putusan/zaec34ce0128e8c0abba323032363332.html). REFERENSI --------- [Kelas 14](https://skm.dgip.go.id/index.php/skm/detailkelas/14), yang diakses pada 14 Maret 2023, pukul 15.30 WIB. * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Pasal 3 [Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5850fd588be8e/undang-undang-nomor-20-tahun-2016?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_20_2016) (“UU Merek”) [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal 108 angka 3 [Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022) yang mengubah Pasal 25 ayat (1) UU Merek [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 9 ayat (1) huruf d [Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/447/undangundang-nomor-8-tahun-1999/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_Perlindungan_Konsumen) (“UU Perlindungan Konsumen”) [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 62 ayat (1) UU Perlindungan Konsumen Tags ---- [hak kekayaan intelektual](/tag/hak-kekayaan-intelektual) [kekayaan intelektual](/tag/kekayaan-intelektual) [merek](/tag/merek) [perlindungan konsumen](/tag/perlindungan-konsumen) [sengketa merek](/tag/sengketa-merek)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul Jerat Pidana Bagi Pemerkosa Anak Kandung yang dibuat oleh Tri Jata Ayu Pramesti, S.H. dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Kamis, 21 Februari 2019. Artikel ini dibuat berdasarkan KUHP lama dan UU 1/2023 tentang KUHP yang diundangkan pada tanggal 2 Januari 2023. Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika. Jerat Pasal Pemerkosaan Anak dalam KUHPPada dasarnya, tindak pidana orang tua yang perkosa anak kandung telah diatur dalam ketentuan KUHP lama yang masih berlaku pada saat artikel ini diterbitkan dan UU 1/2023 yang mulai berlaku 3 tahun terhitung sejak tanggal diundangkan, yakni pada tahun 2026 yaitu sebagai berikut.Pasal 294 ayat (1) KUHPPasal 418 ayat (1) UU 1/2023Barang siapa melakukan perbuatan cabul dengan anaknya, anak tirinya, anak angkatnya, anak di bawah pengawasannya yang belum dewasa, atau dengan orang yang belum dewasa yang pemeliharaannya, pendidikan atau penjagaannya diserahkan kepadanya ataupun dengan bujangnya atau bawahannya yang belum dewasa, diancam dengan pidana penjara paling lama 7 tahun.Setiap orang yang melakukan percabulan dengan anak kandung, anak tirinya, anak angkatnya, atau anak di bawah pengawasannya yang dipercayakan padanya untuk diasuh atau dididik, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 12 tahun.R. Soesilo dalam bukunya Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) serta Komentar-Komentarnya Lengkap Pasal Demi Pasal (hal. 216) menjelaskan bahwa dewasa itu sudah berumur 21 tahun atau belum berumur 21 tahun tapi sudah kawin atau pernah kawin. Perbuatan cabul adalah segala perbuatan yang melanggar kesusilaan (kesopanan) atau perbuatan keji, semuanya itu dalam lingkungan nafsu berahi kelamin, misalnya cium-ciuman, meraba anggota kemaluan, meraba-raba buah dada, dan sebagainya (hal. 212). Di sini termasuk pula bersetubuh, akan tetapi dalam undang-undang disebutkan tersendiri dalam pasal pemerkosaan anak di bawah umur, sebagai berikut.Pasal 287 KUHPPasal 419 UU 1/2023Barang siapa bersetubuh dengan seorang wanita di luar perkawinan, padahal diketahuinya atau sepatutnya harus diduganya bahwa umurnya belum 15 tahun, atau kalau umurnya tidak jelas, bahwa belum waktunya untuk dikawin, diancam dengan pidana penjara paling lama 9 tahun. Penuntutan hanya dilakukan atas pengaduan, kecuali jika umur wanita belum sampai 12 tahun atau jika ada salah satu hal berdasarkan Pasal 291 dan Pasal 294.Setiap orang yang menghubungkan atau memudahkan orang lain berbuat cabul atau bersetubuh dengan orang yang diketahui atau patut diduga anak, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 7 tahun. Jika tindak pidana sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dilakukan terhadap anak kandung, anak tiri, anak angkat, atau anak di bawah pengawasannya yang dipercayakan padanya untuk diasuh, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 9 tahun.Jadi, apa hukuman bagi pelaku pemerkosa? Orang tua yang perkosa anak kandung dapat dijerat dengan Pasal 287 KUHP atau Pasal 419 UU 1/2023. Sedangkan untuk rumusan perbuatan cabul terhadap anak dapat dijerat menggunakan Pasal 294 ayat (1) KUHP atau Pasal 418 ayat (1) UU 1/2023. Jerat Pasal Pemerkosaan Anak dalam UU Perlindungan AnakSelain itu, pasal pemerkosaan anak di bawah umur termasuk pemerkosaan anak kandung diatur dalam Pasal 76D UU 35/2014 bahwa setiap orang dilarang melakukan kekerasan atau ancaman kekerasan memaksa anak melakukan persetubuhan dengannya atau dengan orang lain. Berapa hukuman pemerkosaan anak di bawah umur? Pelaku dipidana penjara minimal 5 tahun dan maksimal 15 tahun dan denda maksimal Rp5 miliar.[1]Dalam hal tindak pidana persetubuhan atau pemerkosaan anak dilakukan oleh orang tua, wali, orang-orang yang mempunyai hubungan keluarga, pengasuh anak, pendidik, tenaga kependidikan, aparat yang menangani perlindungan anak, atau dilakukan oleh lebih dari satu orang secara bersama-sama, pidananya ditambah 1/3.[2]Dalam hal tindak pidana pemerkosaan anak di bawah umur menimbulkan korban lebih dari 1 orang, mengakibatkan luka berat, gangguan jiwa, penyakit menular, terganggu atau hilangnya fungsi reproduksi, dan/atau korban meninggal dunia, pelaku dipidana mati, seumur hidup, atau pidana penjara paling singkat 10 tahun dan paling lama 20 tahun.[3] Terhadap pelaku juga dapat dikenai tindakan berupa kebiri kimia dan pemasangan alat pendeteksi elektronik serta diputuskan bersama-sama dengan pidana pokok dengan memuat jangka waktu pelaksanaan tindakan.[4]Baca juga: Alasan Hukum yang Membenarkan Pemasangan Chip dan Kebiri KimiaSelain itu, pelaku orang tua yang perkosa anak kandung maupun yang menimbulkan korban lebih dari 1 orang, mengakibatkan luka berat, gangguan jiwa, penyakit menular, terganggu atau hilangnya fungsi reproduksi, dan/atau korban meninggal dunia dapat dikenai pidana tambahan berupa pengumuman identitas pelaku.[5]Namun sebelumnya patut Anda catat, yang dimaksud anak adalah seseorang yang belum berusia 18 tahun, termasuk anak yang masih dalam kandungan. Sedangkan yang dimaksud dengan orang tua adalah ayah dan/atau ibu kandung, atau ayah dan/atau ibu tiri, atau ayah dan/atau ibu angkat.[6]Sebagai informasi, dalam praktiknya, pelaku pemerkosaan anak dijerat menggunakan pasal dalam UU Perlindungan Anak dan perubahannya. Kemudian terkait perbuatan cabul terhadap anak, pelaku dijerat menggunakan Pasal 76E UU 35/2014 jo. Pasal 82 Perppu 1/2016. Contoh Kasus Pemerkosaan Anak KandungKami mencontohkan kasus orang tua perkosa anak kandung yang sudah diputus melalui Putusan PN Kota Timika No. 27/Pid.Sus/2021/PN Tim, terdakwa selaku orang tua perkosa anak kandung dengan cara menyita ponsel anaknya dan akan mengembalikan ponsel tersebut jika anaknya mau bersetubuh dengan terdakwa (hal. 11).Atas perbuatan terdakwa, majelis hakim menyatakan terdakwa terbukti secara sah dan meyakinkan bersalah melakukan tindak pidana orang tua yang melakukan membujuk anak melakukan persetubuhan dengannya yang di mana merupakan anak kandungnya sendiri dan menjatuhkan pidana penjara selama 16 tahun dan denda Rp1 miliar yang apabila tidak dibayar oleh terdakwa diganti dengan pidana 6 bulan kurungan. Lalu, menetapkan masa penangkapan dan penahanan yang telah dijalani terdakwa dikurangkan seluruhnya dari pidana yang dijatuhkan (hal.14). Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. Dasar Hukum:Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana;Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana;Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak sebagaimana diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak yang diubah kedua kalinya dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2016 tentang Penetapan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Kedua Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak Menjadi Undang-Undang. Putusan:Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Kota Timika Nomor 27/Pid.Sus/2021/PN Tim. Referensi:R. Soesilo. Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) Serta Komentar-Komentarnya Lengkap Pasal Demi Pasal. Bogor: Politeia, 1991.[1] Pasal 81 ayat (1) Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Kedua Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak (“Perppu 1/2016”)[2] Pasal 81 ayat (3) Perppu 1/2016[3] Pasal 81 ayat (5) Perppu 1/2016[4] Pasal 81 ayat (7) dan (8) Perppu 1/2016[5] Pasal 81 ayat (6) Perppu 1/2016[6] Pasal 1 angka 1 dan 4 Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan AnakTagsanakcabulkuhppemerkosaanpencabulanperkosaanpidana
Kasus pemerkosaan anak belakangan ini sering terjadi. Tak sedikit kasus orang tua perkosa anak kandung. Lantas berapa hukuman pemerkosaan anak di bawah umur?
Perbuatan tindak pidana orang tua perkosa anak kandung dapat dijerat dengan pasal pemerkosaan anak yang diatur dalam UU Perlindungan Anak. Selain itu, jerat pasal pemerkosaan anak di bawah umur juga diatur dalam KUHP lama yang masih berlaku pada saat artikel ini diterbitkan dan UU 1/2023 yang mulai berlaku 3 tahun terhitung sejak tanggal diundangkan. Bagaimana bunyi ketentuannya?   Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Syarat dan Prosedur Mempekerjakan TKA untuk Sementara21 Mar 2023Ini Cara Mengurus Akta Nikah yang Terlambat 30 Sep 2022Pasal Penipuan Online untuk Menjerat Pelaku27 Des 2022Syarat dan Prosedur Mempekerjakan TKA untuk Sementara21 Mar 2023Ini Cara Mengurus Akta Nikah yang Terlambat 30 Sep 2022Pasal Penipuan Online untuk Menjerat Pelaku27 Des 2022
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/pemerkosaan-anak-kandung-lt5611bd4d29799/
Jerat Hukum Pemerkosaan Anak Kandung oleh Orang Tua
pages/156/page-6.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul _Jerat Pidana Bagi Pemerkosa Anak Kandung_ yang dibuat oleh [Tri Jata Ayu Pramesti, S.H.](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/tri-jata-ayu-pramesti--sh-lt5165540a9b53c) dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Kamis, 21 Februari 2019.** **Artikel ini dibuat berdasarkan KUHP lama dan** **UU 1/2023 tentang** **KUHP** **yang diundangkan pada tanggal 2 Januari 2023****.** Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Jerat Pasal Pemerkosaan Anak dalam KUHP** Pada dasarnya, tindak pidana orang tua yang perkosa anak kandung telah diatur dalam ketentuan [**KUHP**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4c7b7fd88a8c3/nprt/38/wetboek-van-strafrecht-\(wvs\)-kitab-undang-undang-hukum-pidana-\(kuhp\)?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHP) lama yang masih berlaku pada saat artikel ini diterbitkan dan [**UU 1/2023**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b3943c53853/undang-undang-nomor-1-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_1_2023_KUHP_baru) yang mulai berlaku 3 tahun terhitung sejak tanggal diundangkan, yakni pada tahun 2026 yaitu sebagai berikut. **Pasal 294 ayat (1)** **KUHP** **Pasal 418 ayat (1) UU 1/2023** Barang siapa melakukan perbuatan cabul dengan anaknya, anak tirinya, anak angkatnya, anak di bawah pengawasannya yang belum dewasa, atau dengan orang yang belum dewasa yang pemeliharaannya, pendidikan atau penjagaannya diserahkan kepadanya ataupun dengan bujangnya atau bawahannya yang belum dewasa, diancam dengan pidana penjara paling lama 7 tahun. Setiap orang yang melakukan percabulan dengan anak kandung, anak tirinya, anak angkatnya, atau anak di bawah pengawasannya yang dipercayakan padanya untuk diasuh atau dididik, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 12 tahun. **R. Soesilo** dalam bukunya _Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) serta Komentar-Komentarnya Lengkap Pasal Demi Pasal_ (hal. 216) menjelaskan bahwa dewasa itu sudah berumur 21 tahun atau belum berumur 21 tahun tapi sudah kawin atau pernah kawin. Perbuatan cabul adalah segala perbuatan yang melanggar kesusilaan (kesopanan) atau perbuatan keji, semuanya itu dalam lingkungan nafsu berahi kelamin, misalnya cium-ciuman, meraba anggota kemaluan, meraba-raba buah dada, dan sebagainya (hal. 212). Di sini termasuk pula bersetubuh, akan tetapi dalam undang-undang disebutkan tersendiri dalam pasal pemerkosaan anak di bawah umur, sebagai berikut. **Pasal 287** **KUHP** **Pasal 419 UU 1/2023** 1. Barang siapa bersetubuh dengan seorang wanita di luar perkawinan, padahal diketahuinya atau sepatutnya harus diduganya bahwa umurnya belum 15 tahun, atau kalau umurnya tidak jelas, bahwa belum waktunya untuk dikawin, diancam dengan pidana penjara paling lama 9 tahun. 2. Penuntutan hanya dilakukan atas pengaduan, kecuali jika umur wanita belum sampai 12 tahun atau jika ada salah satu hal berdasarkan Pasal 291 dan Pasal 294. 1. Setiap orang yang menghubungkan atau memudahkan orang lain berbuat cabul atau bersetubuh dengan orang yang diketahui atau patut diduga anak, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 7 tahun. 2. Jika tindak pidana sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dilakukan terhadap anak kandung, anak tiri, anak angkat, atau anak di bawah pengawasannya yang dipercayakan padanya untuk diasuh, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 9 tahun. Jadi, apa hukuman bagi pelaku pemerkosa? Orang tua yang perkosa anak kandung dapat dijerat dengan Pasal 287 KUHP atau Pasal 419 UU 1/2023. Sedangkan untuk rumusan perbuatan cabul terhadap anak dapat dijerat menggunakan Pasal 294 ayat (1) KUHP atau Pasal 418 ayat (1) UU 1/2023. ### **Jerat Pasal Pemerkosaan Anak dalam UU Perlindungan Anak** Selain itu, pasal pemerkosaan anak di bawah umur termasuk pemerkosaan anak kandung diatur dalam **Pasal 76D [UU 35/2014](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt548fdfd3a87d2/undang-undang-nomor-35-tahun-2014/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_35_2014)** bahwa setiap orang dilarang melakukan kekerasan atau ancaman kekerasan memaksa anak melakukan persetubuhan dengannya atau dengan orang lain. Berapa hukuman pemerkosaan anak di bawah umur? Pelaku dipidana penjara minimal 5 tahun dan maksimal 15 tahun dan denda maksimal Rp5 miliar.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Dalam hal tindak pidana persetubuhan atau pemerkosaan anak dilakukan oleh orang tua, wali, orang-orang yang mempunyai hubungan keluarga, pengasuh anak, pendidik, tenaga kependidikan, aparat yang menangani perlindungan anak, atau dilakukan oleh lebih dari satu orang secara bersama-sama, pidananya ditambah 1/3.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Dalam hal tindak pidana pemerkosaan anak di bawah umur menimbulkan korban lebih dari 1 orang, mengakibatkan luka berat, gangguan jiwa, penyakit menular, terganggu atau hilangnya fungsi reproduksi, dan/atau korban meninggal dunia, pelaku dipidana mati, seumur hidup, atau pidana penjara paling singkat 10 tahun dan paling lama 20 tahun.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Terhadap pelaku juga dapat dikenai tindakan berupa kebiri kimia dan pemasangan alat pendeteksi elektronik serta diputuskan bersama-sama dengan pidana pokok dengan memuat jangka waktu pelaksanaan tindakan.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) Baca juga: **[Alasan Hukum yang Membenarkan Pemasangan Chip dan Kebiri Kimia](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/alasan-hukum-yang-membenarkan-pemasangan-ichip-i-dan-kebiri-kimia-lt5ee9fda7d210d?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=chip_kebiri_kimia)** Selain itu, pelaku orang tua yang perkosa anak kandung maupun yang menimbulkan korban lebih dari 1 orang, mengakibatkan luka berat, gangguan jiwa, penyakit menular, terganggu atau hilangnya fungsi reproduksi, dan/atau korban meninggal dunia dapat dikenai pidana tambahan berupa pengumuman identitas pelaku.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) Namun sebelumnya patut Anda catat, yang dimaksud anak adalah seseorang yang belum berusia 18 tahun, termasuk anak yang masih dalam kandungan. Sedangkan yang dimaksud dengan orang tua adalah ayah dan/atau ibu kandung, atau ayah dan/atau ibu tiri, atau ayah dan/atau ibu angkat.[\[6\]](#_ftn6) Sebagai informasi, dalam praktiknya, pelaku pemerkosaan anak dijerat menggunakan pasal dalam **[UU Perlindungan Anak](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17453/undangundang-nomor-23-tahun-2002?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_23_2002)** dan perubahannya. Kemudian terkait perbuatan cabul terhadap anak, pelaku dijerat menggunakan **Pasal 76E UU 35/2014 _jo._ Pasal 82 [Perppu 1/2016](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5746a3e8d6d80/nprt/lt51f1152a8fbb3/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-1-tahun-2016?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_1_2016)**. ### **Contoh Kasus Pemerkosaan Anak Kandung** Kami mencontohkan kasus orang tua perkosa anak kandung yang sudah diputus melalui **[Putusan PN Kota Timika No. 27/Pid.Sus/2021/PN Tim](https://putusan3.mahkamahagung.go.id/direktori/putusan/zaebbf454da3eb0480a7303634333134.html)**, terdakwa selaku orang tua perkosa anak kandung dengan cara menyita ponsel anaknya dan akan mengembalikan ponsel tersebut jika anaknya mau bersetubuh dengan terdakwa (hal. 11). Atas perbuatan terdakwa, majelis hakim menyatakan terdakwa terbukti secara sah dan meyakinkan bersalah melakukan tindak pidana orang tua yang melakukan membujuk anak melakukan persetubuhan dengannya yang di mana merupakan anak kandungnya sendiri dan menjatuhkan pidana penjara selama 16 tahun dan denda Rp1 miliar yang apabila tidak dibayar oleh terdakwa diganti dengan pidana 6 bulan kurungan. Lalu, menetapkan masa penangkapan dan penahanan yang telah dijalani terdakwa dikurangkan seluruhnya dari pidana yang dijatuhkan (hal.14). Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. Dasar Hukum: 1. [Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4c7b7fd88a8c3/nprt/38/wetboek-van-strafrecht-\(wvs\)-kitab-undang-undang-hukum-pidana-\(kuhp\)?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHP); 2. [Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b3943c53853/undang-undang-nomor-1-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_1_2023_KUHP_baru); 3. [Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17453/undangundang-nomor-23-tahun-2002?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_23_2002) sebagaimana diubah dengan [Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt548fdfd3a87d2/undang-undang-nomor-35-tahun-2014/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_35_2014) yang diubah kedua kalinya dengan [Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2016 tentang Penetapan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Kedua Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak Menjadi Undang-Undang](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt584786efd1075?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_17_2016). Putusan: [Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Kota Timika Nomor 27/Pid.Sus/2021/PN Tim](https://putusan3.mahkamahagung.go.id/direktori/putusan/zaebbf454da3eb0480a7303634333134.html). Referensi: R. Soesilo. _Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) Serta Komentar-Komentarnya Lengkap Pasal Demi Pasal_. Bogor: Politeia, 1991. * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Pasal 81 ayat (1) [Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Kedua Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5746a3e8d6d80/nprt/lt51f1152a8fbb3/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-1-tahun-2016?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_1_2016) (“Perppu 1/2016”) [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal 81 ayat (3) Perppu 1/2016 [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 81 ayat (5) Perppu 1/2016 [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 81 ayat (7) dan (8) Perppu 1/2016 [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Pasal 81 ayat (6) Perppu 1/2016 [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Pasal 1 angka 1 dan 4 [Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt548fdfd3a87d2/undang-undang-nomor-35-tahun-2014/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_35_2014) Tags ---- [anak](/tag/anak) [cabul](/tag/cabul) [kuhp](/tag/kuhp) [pemerkosaan](/tag/pemerkosaan) [pencabulan](/tag/pencabulan) [perkosaan](/tag/perkosaan) [pidana](/tag/pidana)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul Jerat Hukum WNA sebagai Penjaga Vila Ilegal yang dibuat oleh James Peter N. C. Paath, S.H. dari Lembaga Bantuan Hukum Mawar Saron dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Selasa, 9 Oktober 2018.KLINIK TERKAITBisakah Memidanakan TKA yang Menghina Pekerja Indonesia?12 Des 2023Apa Itu KITAS/KITAP dan Cara Mengurusnya24 Okt 2023Syarat Tenaga Kerja Asing Bisa Bekerja di Indonesia 03 Feb 2023Syarat Mempekerjakan Pilot Asing di Indonesia14 Jan 2021Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.Pengertian Tenaga Kerja AsingSebelum menjawab pertanyaan Anda, sebaiknya kita pahami terlebih dahulu apa yang dimaksud dengan Tenaga Kerja Asing (“TKA”). Menurut Abdul Hakim, TKA adalah setiap orang yang bukan Warga Negara Indonesia yang mampu melakukan pekerjaan, baik di dalam maupun luar hubungan kerja, guna menghasilkan jasa atau barang untuk memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat.[1] Definisi tersebut sejalan dengan Pasal 1 angka 1 Permenaker 8/2021, Pasal 1 angka 1 PP 34/2021, dan Pasal 1 angka 13 UU Ketenagakerjaan, yang mengartikan TKA sebagai warga negara asing pemegang visa dengan maksud bekerja di wilayah Indonesia.Visa dan Izin Tinggal WNA untuk Bekerja di IndonesiaBelajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Sebagaimana definisi di atas, syarat utama menjadi TKA yaitu Warga Negara Asing (“WNA”) harus memiliki visa. Jenis visa yang diperlukan TKA untuk bekerja di Indonesia yaitu Visa Tinggal Terbatas (“Vitas”) yang didapatkan melalui permohonan.[2] Penjelasan selengkapnya mengenai jenis-jenis visa dapat Anda baca dalam artikel Jenis Visa Republik Indonesia dan Kegunaannya.Vitas dalam rangka bekerja dapat diberikan kepada orang asing untuk melakukan kegiatan meliputi:[3]sebagai tenaga ahli;bergabung untuk bekerja di atas kapal, alat apung, atau instalasi yang beroperasi di wilayah perairan nusantara, laut teritorial, atau landas kontinen, serta Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif Indonesia;melaksanakan tugas sebagai rohaniwan;melakukan kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan profesi dengan menerima bayaran;melakukan kegiatan dalam rangka pembuatan film yang bersifat komersial dan telah mendapat izin dari instansi yang berwenang;melakukan pengawasan kualitas barang atau produksi;melakukan inspeksi atau audit pada cabang perusahaan di Indonesia;melayani purnajual;memasang dan mereparasi mesin;melakukan pekerjaan nonpermanen dalam rangka konstruksi;mengadakan pertunjukan kesenian, musik, dan olah raga;mengadakan kegiatan olahraga profesional;melakukan kegiatan pengobatan; ataucalon tenaga kerja asing yang akan bekerja dalam rangka uji coba keahlian.Permohonan Vitas dalam rangka bekerja dapat diajukan oleh Penjamin kepada Pejabat Imigrasi pada Direktorat Jenderal Imigrasi melalui aplikasi dengan melampirkan:[4]surat penjaminan dari Penjamin yang merupakan pemberi kerja dari Orang Asing;Paspor Kebangsaan yang Sah dan Masih Berlaku:paling singkat 12 (dua belas) bulan bagi yang akan melakukan pekerjaan di Wilayah Indonesia untuk waktu paling lama 180 (seratus delapan puluh) hari;paling singkat 18 (delapan belas) bulan bagi yang akan melakukan pekerjaan atau tinggal di Wilayah Indonesia untuk waktu paling lama 1 (satu) tahun; ataupaling singkat 30 (tiga puluh) bulan bagi yang akan melakukan pekerjaan atau tinggal di Wilayah Indonesia untuk waktu paling lama 2 (dua) tahun.bukti memiliki biaya hidup bagi dirinya dan/atau keluarganya selama berada di Wilayah Indonesia paling sedikit US$2000 (dua ribu dolar Amerika) atau setara;pasfoto berwarna terbaru dengan ukuran 4 cm x 6 cm (empat sentimeter kali enam sentimeter) dengan latar belakang berwarna putih sebanyak 2 (dua) lembar;bukti kepemilikan asuransi di perusahaan asuransi berbadan hukum Indonesia yang mencakup pembiayaan kesehatan selama Orang Asing berada di wilayah Indonesia; dansurat rekomendasi dari instansi berwenang yang membidangi ketenagakerjaan atau instansi terkait lainnya.Lebih lanjut, permohonan Vitas tersebut sekaligus dijadikan sebagai permohonan Izin Tinggal Terbatas (“Itas”) dalam rangka bekerja.[5]Aturan Pemberi Kerja TKAPada dasarnya, TKA hanya dapat dipekerjakan oleh Pemberi Kerja TKA dalam hubungan kerja untuk jabatan tertentu dan waktu tertentu, serta memiliki kompetensi sesuai dengan jabatan yang akan diduduki.[6]Setiap Pemberi Kerja yang mempekerjakan TKA wajib memiliki Rencana Penggunaan Tenaga Kerja Asing (“RPTKA”) yang disahkan oleh Pemerintah Pusat dan Pemberi Kerja orang perseorangan dilarang mempekerjakan TKA.[7]RPTKA juga ditegaskan dalam Pasal 6 PP 34/2021 yang berbunyi:Setiap Pemberi Kerja TKA yang mempekerjakan TKA wajib memiliki RPTKA yang disahkan oleh Menteri atau pejabat yang ditunjuk.Dalam hal Pemberi Kerja TKA akan mempekerjakan TKA yang sedang dipekerjakan oleh Pemberi Kerja TKA lain, masing-masing Pemberi Kerja TKA wajib memiliki Pengesahan RPTKA.Pemberi Kerja TKA sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dan ayat (2) wajib mempekerjakan TKA sesuai dengan Pengesahan RPTKA.Selain itu, Pemberi Kerja TKA memiliki beberapa kewajiban seperti menunjuk tenaga kerja warga negara Indonesia sebagai Tenaga Kerja Pendamping TKA yang dipekerjakan untuk alih teknologi dan alih keahlian dari TKA, melaksanakan pendidikan dan pelatihan kerja bagi Tenaga Kerja Pendamping TKA sesuai dengan kualifikasi jabatan yang diduduki oleh TKA, memulangkan TKA ke negara asalnya setelah perjanjian kerjanya berakhir,[8] dan wajib memfasilitasi pendidikan dan pelatihan bahasa Indonesia kepada TKA.[9]Sebagai informasi, terdapat beberapa pekerjaan seperti pekerja seni, penjaga villa, pet sitter, yang tidak diatur dalam Permenkumham 29/2021 maupun UU Ketenagakerjaan. Maka, kami asumsikan pekerjaan yang dilakukan WNA tersebut dapat dikategorikan sebagai pekerjaan sektor informal/non-formal yang mempunyai ciri-ciri antara lain: [10]Perintah pekerjaan yang tidak tetap, melainkan mengikuti perintah majikan;Jam kerja yang tidak ditentukan;Upah yang tidak di bayar dalam bentuk uang melainkan hanya akomodasi, atau yang secara yuridis dikenal dengan pendapatan non upah. Namun, sistem pengupahan seperti ini tidak menghapuskan fakta bahwa terdapat pekerjaan yang dilakukan, pemberi kerja dan kontra prestasi dari apa yang dikerjakan. Maka, WNA tetap harus mempunyai vitas bekerja.Baca juga: Bolehkah Mempekerjakan Tenaga Kerja Asing sebagai Buruh Kasar?Sanksi bagi WNA yang Bekerja Tanpa IzinMenurut pendapat kami, warga negara asing yang bekerja tanpa memiliki Vitas telah melakukan pelanggaran hukum, untuk itu, Pejabat Imigrasi berwenang melakukan Tindakan Administratif Keimigrasian terhadap Orang Asing yang berada di Wilayah Indonesia yang melakukan kegiatan berbahaya dan patut diduga membahayakan keamanan dan ketertiban umum atau tidak menghormati atau tidak menaati peraturan perundang-undangan,[11] seperti:[12]pencantuman dalam daftar Pencegahan atau Penangkalan;pembatasan, perubahan, atau pembatalan Izin Tinggal;larangan untuk berada di satu atau beberapa tempat tertentu di Wilayah Indonesia;keharusan untuk bertempat tinggal di suatu tempat tertentu di Wilayah Indonesia;pengenaan biaya beban; dan/atauDeportasi dari Wilayah Indonesia.Selain sanksi administratif, terdapat juga sanksi pidana bagi orang asing yang menyalahgunakan pemberian Izin Tinggal yang diberikan kepadanya. Hal ini diatur dalam Pasal 122 UU Keimigrasian, yaitu:Dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 5 (lima) tahun dan pidana denda paling banyak Rp500.000.000,00 (lima ratus juta rupiah):setiap Orang Asing yang dengan sengaja menyalahgunakan atau melakukan kegiatan yang tidak sesuai dengan maksud dan tujuan pemberian Izin Tinggal yang diberikan kepadanya;setiap orang yang menyuruh atau memberikan kesempatan kepada Orang Asing menyalahgunakan atau melakukan kegiatan yang tidak sesuai dengan maksud atau tujuan pemberian Izin Tinggal yang diberikan kepadanya.Berdasarkan ketentuan diatas, maka orang yang memberikan pekerjaan kepada WNA yang menyalahgunakan atau melakukan kegiatan yang bertentangan dengan izin tinggalnya juga dapat dipidana dengan pidana penjara maksimal 5 (lima) tahun dan pidana denda paling banyak Rp500 juta.Baca juga: Syarat Tenaga Kerja Asing Bisa Bekerja di IndonesiaKesimpulannya, Tenaga Kerja Asing adalah Warga Negara Asing yang memegang Visa Tinggal Terbatas dengan maksud bekerja di wilayah Indonesia. Dengan kata lain, untuk dapat bekerja di Indonesia, WNA wajib memiliki visa tersebut. Bagi WNA tidak menaati peraturan perundang-undangan dapat dikenakan sanksi administratif hingga deportasi dari wilayah Indonesia. Selain itu, jika WNA dengan sengaja menyalahgunakan atau melakukan kegiatan yang tidak sesuai dengan maksud dan tujuan pemberian Izin Tinggal, maka bisa dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 5 (lima) tahun dan pidana denda paling banyak Rp500 juta.Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwibahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut di sini. Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat.DASAR HUKUMUndang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang KetenagakerjaanUndang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2011 tentang KeimigrasianPeraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta KerjaPeraturan Pemerintah Nomor 34 Tahun 2021 tentang Penggunaan Tenaga Kerja AsingPeraturan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan Nomor 8 Tahun 2021 tentang Peraturan Pelaksanaan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 34 Tahun 2021 tentang Penggunaan Tenaga Kerja AsingPeraturan Menteri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Nomor 29 Tahun 2021 tentang Visa dan Izin TinggalSurat Edaran Menteri Tenaga Kerja Nomor: SE-07/Men/1990 tentang Pengelompokan Upah dan Pendapatan Non UpahREFERENSIAbdul Hakim. Dasar-Dasar Hukum Ketenagakerjaan Indonesia. Jakarta: Citra Aditya Bakti, 2009.[1] Abdul Hakim. Dasar-Dasar Hukum Ketenagakerjaan Indonesia. Jakarta: Citra Aditya Bakti, 2009, hal. 27.[2] Pasal 29 Peraturan Menteri Hukum Dan Hak Asasi Manusia Nomor 29 Tahun 2021 (“Permenkumham 29/2021”).[3] Pasal 30 ayat (1) Permenkumham 29/2021.[4] Pasal 32 ayat (1) Permenkumham 29/2021.[5] Pasal ayat 32 ayat (2) Permenkumham 29/2021.[6] Pasal 4 ayat (1) Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 34 Tahun 2021 tentang Penggunaan Tenaga Kerja Asing (“PP 34/2021”).[7] Pasal 81 angka 4 Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja (“Perppu 2/2022”) yang mengubah Pasal 42 ayat (1) dan (2)  Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan (“UU Ketenagakerjaan”).[8] Pasal 7 ayat (1) PP 34/2021.[9] Pasal 7 ayat (2) PP 34/2021.[10] Surat Edaran Menteri Tenaga Kerja Nomor : SE-07/Men/1990 tentang Pengelompokan Upah dan Pendapatan Non Upah (“SE 07/1990”).[11] Pasal 75 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2011 tentang Keimigrasian (“UU Keimigrasian”).[12] Pasal 75 ayat (2)  UU Keimigrasian.Tagsbaligooglehukumhukumonlineilegalimigrasiindonesiaketenagakerjaankewarganegaraanonlinetenaga kerjatenaga kerja asingtkawarga negara asing
Akhir-akhir ini banyak sekali warga negara asing dilaporkan bekerja secara illegal di Bali, misalnya menjadi guru yoga, photographer/videographer, ahli spiritual, pekerja seni, penjaga villa, pet sitter, dan lainnya tanpa memiliki izin yang jelas dari pemerintah. Apakah ada dasar hukum untuk mengatur turis ataupun warga negara asing yang bekerja di Indonesia? Apakah syarat warga negara asing bisa bekerja di Indonesia?
Pada intinya, syarat utama Warga Negara Asing (“WNA”) yang hendak bekerja di Indonesia harus memiliki Visa Tinggal Terbatas (“Vitas”) yang didapatkan melalui permohonan. Lantas, bagaimana sanksi hukum jika WNA bekerja tanpa memiliki Vitas? Apakah pemberi kerja WNA tanpa Vitas juga dapat dikenakan sanksi pidana? Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Bisakah Memidanakan TKA yang Menghina Pekerja Indonesia?12 Des 2023Apa Itu KITAS/KITAP dan Cara Mengurusnya24 Okt 2023Syarat Tenaga Kerja Asing Bisa Bekerja di Indonesia 03 Feb 2023Syarat Mempekerjakan Pilot Asing di Indonesia14 Jan 2021Bisakah Memidanakan TKA yang Menghina Pekerja Indonesia?12 Des 2023Apa Itu KITAS/KITAP dan Cara Mengurusnya24 Okt 2023Syarat Tenaga Kerja Asing Bisa Bekerja di Indonesia 03 Feb 2023Syarat Mempekerjakan Pilot Asing di Indonesia14 Jan 2021Cara Pindah Kewarganegaraan WNI Menjadi WNA25 Mar 2024Pasal Penipuan Online untuk Menjerat Pelaku27 Des 2022Somasi: Pengertian, Dasar Hukum, dan Cara Membuatnya 7 Jun 2023Cara Pindah Kewarganegaraan WNI Menjadi WNA25 Mar 2024Pasal Penipuan Online untuk Menjerat Pelaku27 Des 2022Somasi: Pengertian, Dasar Hukum, dan Cara Membuatnya 7 Jun 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/jerat-hukum-wna-kerja-ilegal-di-indonesia-lt5b76f9f3c7bee/
Jerat Hukum WNA Kerja Ilegal di Indonesia
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul Jerat Hukum WNA sebagai Penjaga Vila Ilegal yang dibuat oleh [James Peter N. C. Paath, S.H.](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/lembaga-bantuan-hukum-mawar-saron-lt4ddc7a184bdfe/james-peter-n-c-paath--sh-lt5bbc55b9bcd17) dari [Lembaga Bantuan Hukum Mawar Saron](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/lembaga-bantuan-hukum-mawar-saron-lt4ddc7a184bdfe) dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Selasa, 9 Oktober 2018.** ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Bisakah Memidanakan TKA yang Menghina Pekerja Indonesia? ](/klinik/a/bisakah-memidanakan-tka-yang-menghina-pekerja-indonesia-lt579c6f346a96b/) ![Bisakah Memidanakan TKA yang Menghina Pekerja Indonesia?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt579c6f346a96b/thumbnail_lt65784118ad0ea.jpg) 12 Des 2023 [ #### Apa Itu KITAS/KITAP dan Cara Mengurusnya ](/klinik/a/apa-itu-kitas-kitap-dan-cara-mengurusnya-lt4cca43416d462/) ![Apa Itu KITAS/KITAP dan Cara Mengurusnya](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt4cca43416d462/thumbnail_lt648af3a0c045d.jpg) 24 Okt 2023 [ #### Syarat Tenaga Kerja Asing Bisa Bekerja di Indonesia ](/klinik/a/syarat-tenaga-kerja-asing-bisa-bekerja-di-indonesia-lt557fb3beea80c/) ![Syarat Tenaga Kerja Asing Bisa Bekerja di Indonesia ](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt557fb3beea80c/thumbnail_lt63dcc40b40635.jpg) 03 Feb 2023 [ #### Syarat Mempekerjakan Pilot Asing di Indonesia ](/klinik/a/syarat-mempekerjakan-pilot-asing-di-indonesia-cl5232/) ![Syarat Mempekerjakan Pilot Asing di Indonesia](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/cl5232/thumbnail_lt5ffff93b82d84.jpg) 14 Jan 2021 [](#!) Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Pengertian Tenaga Kerja Asing** Sebelum menjawab pertanyaan Anda, sebaiknya kita pahami terlebih dahulu apa yang dimaksud dengan Tenaga Kerja Asing (“TKA”). Menurut **Abdul** **Hakim**, TKA adalah setiap orang yang bukan Warga Negara Indonesia yang mampu melakukan pekerjaan, baik di dalam maupun luar hubungan kerja, guna menghasilkan jasa atau barang untuk memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Definisi tersebut sejalan dengan **Pasal 1 angka 1 [Permenaker 8/2021](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6098d852a541a/peraturan-menteri-ketenagakerjaan-nomor-8-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=Permenaker_8_2021)**, **Pasal 1 angka 1 [PP 34/2021](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt60322aa20df10/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-34-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_34_2021)**, dan **Pasal 1 angka 13 [UU Ketenagakerjaan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13146/undangundang-nomor-13-tahun-2003/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_13_2003)**, yang mengartikan TKA sebagai warga negara asing pemegang visa dengan maksud bekerja di wilayah Indonesia. ### **Visa dan Izin Tinggal WNA untuk Bekerja di Indonesia** Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Sebagaimana definisi di atas, syarat utama menjadi TKA yaitu Warga Negara Asing (“WNA”) harus memiliki visa. Jenis visa yang diperlukan TKA untuk bekerja di Indonesia yaitu Visa Tinggal Terbatas (“Vitas”) yang didapatkan melalui permohonan.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Penjelasan selengkapnya mengenai jenis-jenis visa dapat Anda baca dalam artikel **[Jenis Visa Republik Indonesia dan Kegunaannya](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/jenis-visa-lt5a289ad826c58?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=jenis_visa_ri_kegunaan)**. Vitas dalam rangka bekerja dapat diberikan kepada orang asing untuk melakukan kegiatan meliputi:[\[3\]](#_ftn3) 1. sebagai tenaga ahli; 2. bergabung untuk bekerja di atas kapal, alat apung, atau instalasi yang beroperasi di wilayah perairan nusantara, laut teritorial, atau landas kontinen, serta Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif Indonesia; 3. **melaksanakan tugas sebagai rohaniwan**; 4. melakukan kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan profesi dengan menerima bayaran; 5. **melakukan kegiatan dalam rangka pembuatan film yang bersifat komersial dan telah mendapat izin dari instansi yang berwenang**; 6. melakukan pengawasan kualitas barang atau produksi; 7. melakukan inspeksi atau audit pada cabang perusahaan di Indonesia; 8. melayani purnajual; 9. memasang dan mereparasi mesin; 10. melakukan pekerjaan nonpermanen dalam rangka konstruksi; 11. mengadakan pertunjukan kesenian, musik, dan olah raga; 12. **mengadakan kegiatan olahraga profesional**; 13. melakukan kegiatan pengobatan; atau 14. calon tenaga kerja asing yang akan bekerja dalam rangka uji coba keahlian. Permohonan Vitas dalam rangka bekerja dapat diajukan oleh Penjamin kepada Pejabat Imigrasi pada Direktorat Jenderal Imigrasi melalui aplikasi dengan melampirkan:[\[4\]](#_ftn4) 1. surat penjaminan dari Penjamin yang merupakan pemberi kerja dari Orang Asing; 2. Paspor Kebangsaan yang Sah dan Masih Berlaku: 1. paling singkat 12 (dua belas) bulan bagi yang akan melakukan pekerjaan di Wilayah Indonesia untuk waktu paling lama 180 (seratus delapan puluh) hari; 2. paling singkat 18 (delapan belas) bulan bagi yang akan melakukan pekerjaan atau tinggal di Wilayah Indonesia untuk waktu paling lama 1 (satu) tahun; atau 3. paling singkat 30 (tiga puluh) bulan bagi yang akan melakukan pekerjaan atau tinggal di Wilayah Indonesia untuk waktu paling lama 2 (dua) tahun. 3. bukti memiliki biaya hidup bagi dirinya dan/atau keluarganya selama berada di Wilayah Indonesia paling sedikit US$2000 (dua ribu dolar Amerika) atau setara; 4. pasfoto berwarna terbaru dengan ukuran 4 cm x 6 cm (empat sentimeter kali enam sentimeter) dengan latar belakang berwarna putih sebanyak 2 (dua) lembar; 5. bukti kepemilikan asuransi di perusahaan asuransi berbadan hukum Indonesia yang mencakup pembiayaan kesehatan selama Orang Asing berada di wilayah Indonesia; dan 6. surat rekomendasi dari instansi berwenang yang membidangi ketenagakerjaan atau instansi terkait lainnya. Lebih lanjut, permohonan Vitas tersebut sekaligus dijadikan sebagai permohonan Izin Tinggal Terbatas (“Itas”) dalam rangka bekerja.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) ### **Aturan Pemberi Kerja TKA** Pada dasarnya, TKA hanya dapat dipekerjakan oleh Pemberi Kerja TKA dalam hubungan kerja untuk jabatan tertentu dan waktu tertentu, serta memiliki kompetensi sesuai dengan jabatan yang akan diduduki.[\[6\]](#_ftn6) Setiap Pemberi Kerja yang mempekerjakan TKA wajib memiliki Rencana Penggunaan Tenaga Kerja Asing (“RPTKA”) yang disahkan oleh Pemerintah Pusat dan Pemberi Kerja orang perseorangan dilarang mempekerjakan TKA.[\[7\]](#_ftn7) RPTKA juga ditegaskan dalam **Pasal 6 PP 34/2021** yang berbunyi: 1. _Setiap Pemberi Kerja TKA yang mempekerjakan TKA wajib memiliki RPTKA yang disahkan oleh Menteri atau pejabat yang ditunjuk._ 2. _Dalam hal Pemberi Kerja TKA akan mempekerjakan TKA yang sedang dipekerjakan oleh Pemberi Kerja TKA lain, masing-masing Pemberi Kerja TKA wajib memiliki Pengesahan RPTKA._ 3. _Pemberi Kerja TKA sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dan ayat (2) wajib mempekerjakan TKA sesuai dengan Pengesahan RPTKA._ Selain itu, Pemberi Kerja TKA memiliki beberapa kewajiban seperti menunjuk tenaga kerja warga negara Indonesia sebagai Tenaga Kerja Pendamping TKA yang dipekerjakan untuk alih teknologi dan alih keahlian dari TKA, melaksanakan pendidikan dan pelatihan kerja bagi Tenaga Kerja Pendamping TKA sesuai dengan kualifikasi jabatan yang diduduki oleh TKA, memulangkan TKA ke negara asalnya setelah perjanjian kerjanya berakhir,[\[8\]](#_ftn8) dan wajib memfasilitasi pendidikan dan pelatihan bahasa Indonesia kepada TKA.[\[9\]](#_ftn9) Sebagai informasi, terdapat beberapa pekerjaan seperti pekerja seni, penjaga villa, _pet sitter,_ yang tidak diatur dalam Permenkumham 29/2021 maupun UU Ketenagakerjaan. Maka, kami asumsikan pekerjaan yang dilakukan WNA tersebut dapat dikategorikan sebagai pekerjaan sektor informal/non-formal yang mempunyai ciri-ciri antara lain: [\[10\]](#_ftn10) 1. Perintah pekerjaan yang tidak tetap, melainkan mengikuti perintah majikan; 2. Jam kerja yang tidak ditentukan; 3. Upah yang tidak di bayar dalam bentuk uang melainkan hanya akomodasi, atau yang secara yuridis dikenal dengan pendapatan non upah.  Namun, sistem pengupahan seperti ini tidak menghapuskan fakta bahwa terdapat pekerjaan yang dilakukan, pemberi kerja dan kontra prestasi dari apa yang dikerjakan. Maka, WNA tetap harus mempunyai vitas bekerja. Baca juga: [**Bolehkah Mempekerjakan Tenaga Kerja Asing sebagai Buruh Kasar?**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/bolehkah-mempekerjakan-tenaga-kerja-asing-sebagai-buruh-kasar-lt558cb5b9d1e51?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=Bolehkah_Mempekerjakan_Tenaga_Kerja_Asing_sebagai_Buruh_Kasar) ### **Sanksi bagi WNA yang Bekerja Tanpa Izin** Menurut pendapat kami, warga negara asing yang bekerja tanpa memiliki Vitas telah melakukan pelanggaran hukum, untuk itu, Pejabat Imigrasi berwenang melakukan Tindakan Administratif Keimigrasian terhadap Orang Asing yang berada di Wilayah Indonesia yang melakukan kegiatan berbahaya dan patut diduga membahayakan keamanan dan ketertiban umum atau tidak menghormati atau tidak menaati peraturan perundang-undangan,[\[11\]](#_ftn11) seperti:[\[12\]](#_ftn12) 1. pencantuman dalam daftar Pencegahan atau Penangkalan; 2. pembatasan, perubahan, atau pembatalan Izin Tinggal; 3. larangan untuk berada di satu atau beberapa tempat tertentu di Wilayah Indonesia; 4. keharusan untuk bertempat tinggal di suatu tempat tertentu di Wilayah Indonesia; 5. pengenaan biaya beban; dan/atau 6. Deportasi dari Wilayah Indonesia. Selain sanksi administratif, terdapat juga sanksi pidana bagi orang asing yang menyalahgunakan pemberian Izin Tinggal yang diberikan kepadanya. Hal ini diatur dalam **Pasal 122 [UU Keimigrasian](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4dd0e447183ec/undangundang-nomor-6-tahun-2011/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_6_2011)**, yaitu: Dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 5 (lima) tahun dan pidana denda paling banyak Rp500.000.000,00 (lima ratus juta rupiah): 1. setiap Orang Asing yang dengan sengaja menyalahgunakan atau melakukan kegiatan yang tidak sesuai dengan maksud dan tujuan pemberian Izin Tinggal yang diberikan kepadanya; 2. setiap orang yang menyuruh atau memberikan kesempatan kepada Orang Asing menyalahgunakan atau melakukan kegiatan yang tidak sesuai dengan maksud atau tujuan pemberian Izin Tinggal yang diberikan kepadanya. Berdasarkan ketentuan diatas, maka orang yang memberikan pekerjaan kepada WNA yang menyalahgunakan atau melakukan kegiatan yang bertentangan dengan izin tinggalnya juga dapat dipidana dengan pidana penjara maksimal 5 (lima) tahun dan pidana denda paling banyak Rp500 juta. Baca juga: **[Syarat Tenaga Kerja Asing Bisa Bekerja di Indonesia](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/syarat-tenaga-kerja-asing-bisa-bekerja-di-indonesia-lt557fb3beea80c?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=syarat_tka_kerja_di_indo)** Kesimpulannya, Tenaga Kerja Asing adalah Warga Negara Asing yang memegang Visa Tinggal Terbatas dengan maksud bekerja di wilayah Indonesia. Dengan kata lain, untuk dapat bekerja di Indonesia, WNA wajib memiliki visa tersebut. Bagi WNA tidak menaati peraturan perundang-undangan dapat dikenakan sanksi administratif hingga deportasi dari wilayah Indonesia. Selain itu, jika WNA dengan sengaja menyalahgunakan atau melakukan kegiatan yang tidak sesuai dengan maksud dan tujuan pemberian Izin Tinggal, maka bisa dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 5 (lima) tahun dan pidana denda paling banyak Rp500 juta. Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwibahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut [**di sini**](https://pro.hukumonline.com/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=cta&utm_campaign=artikel_klinik).  Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13146/undangundang-nomor-13-tahun-2003/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_13_2003) Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2011 tentang Keimigrasian [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4dd0e447183ec/undangundang-nomor-6-tahun-2011/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_6_2011) Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022) Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 34 Tahun 2021 tentang Penggunaan Tenaga Kerja Asing [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt60322aa20df10/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-34-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_34_2021) Peraturan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan Nomor 8 Tahun 2021 tentang Peraturan Pelaksanaan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 34 Tahun 2021 tentang Penggunaan Tenaga Kerja Asing [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6098d852a541a/peraturan-menteri-ketenagakerjaan-nomor-8-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=Permenaker_8_2021) Peraturan Menteri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Nomor 29 Tahun 2021 tentang Visa dan Izin Tinggal [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt622f4923764d3/peraturan-menteri-hukum-dan-hak-asasi-manusia-nomor-29-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=Permenkumham_29_2021) Surat Edaran Menteri Tenaga Kerja Nomor: SE-07/Men/1990 tentang Pengelompokan Upah dan Pendapatan Non Upah [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/626/node/157/se-menteri-tenaga-kerja-no-se-07_men_1990-tahun-1990-pengelompokan-komponen-upah-dan-pendapatan-non-upah?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=se_menaker_7_1990) REFERENSI --------- Abdul Hakim. _Dasar-Dasar Hukum Ketenagakerjaan Indonesia_. Jakarta: Citra Aditya Bakti, 2009. * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Abdul Hakim. _Dasar-Dasar Hukum Ketenagakerjaan Indonesia_. Jakarta: Citra Aditya Bakti, 2009, hal. 27. [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal 29 [Peraturan Menteri Hukum Dan Hak Asasi Manusia Nomor 29 Tahun 2021](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt622f4923764d3/peraturan-menteri-hukum-dan-hak-asasi-manusia-nomor-29-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=Permenkumham_29_2021) (“Permenkumham 29/2021”). [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 30 ayat (1) Permenkumham 29/2021. [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 32 ayat (1) Permenkumham 29/2021. [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Pasal ayat 32 ayat (2) Permenkumham 29/2021. [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Pasal 4 ayat (1) [Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 34 Tahun 2021 tentang Penggunaan Tenaga Kerja Asing](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt60322aa20df10/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-34-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_34_2021) (“PP 34/2021”). [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Pasal 81 angka 4 [Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022) (“Perppu 2/2022”) yang mengubah Pasal 42 ayat (1) dan (2)  [Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13146/undangundang-nomor-13-tahun-2003/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_13_2003) (“UU Ketenagakerjaan”). [\[8\]](#_ftnref8) Pasal 7 ayat (1) PP 34/2021. [\[9\]](#_ftnref9) Pasal 7 ayat (2) PP 34/2021. [\[10\]](#_ftnref10) [Surat Edaran Menteri Tenaga Kerja Nomor : SE-07/Men/1990 tentang Pengelompokan Upah dan Pendapatan Non Upah](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/626/node/157/se-menteri-tenaga-kerja-no-se-07_men_1990-tahun-1990-pengelompokan-komponen-upah-dan-pendapatan-non-upah?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=se_menaker_7_1990) (“SE 07/1990”). [\[11\]](#_ftnref11) Pasal 75 ayat (1) [Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2011 tentang Keimigrasian](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4dd0e447183ec/undangundang-nomor-6-tahun-2011/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_6_2011) (“UU Keimigrasian”). [\[12\]](#_ftnref12) Pasal 75 ayat (2)  UU Keimigrasian. 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ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.Transaksi dalam Rekening Valas di IndonesiaKLINIK TERKAITBertransaksi dengan Pihak Asing Menggunakan Mata Uang Asing di Wilayah Indonesia10 Mar 2023Haruskah Surat Kuasa Ditandatangani Penerima Kuasa?22 Des 2022Hukumnya Bank Mengubah Data Nasabah secara Sepihak13 Okt 2022Usaha Penukaran Valuta Asing05 Sep 2017Dalam KBBI, expatriate atau ekspatriat adalah orang yang melepaskan kewarganegaraannya, orang yang meninggalkan negeri asalnya, warga negara asing (“WNA”) yang menetap di sebuah negara, orang yang terbuang, atau tenaga kerja asing. Sehingga guna menyederhanakan jawaban, kami mengasumsikan ekspatriat yang Anda maksud merupakan WNA yang bekerja di Indonesia sebagai tenaga kerja asing.Baca juga: Syarat Tenaga Kerja Asing Bisa Bekerja di IndonesiaBelajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Selain itu, kami juga mengasumsikan bahwa rekening pribadi ekspatriat yang dimaksud merupakan rekening valuta asing (“valas”) untuk WNA di Indonesia. Lebih lanjut, merujuk SE OJK S-246/D.01/2015 menyebutkan sejumlah persyaratan pembukaan rekening valas untuk WNA perorangan.Kemudian terkait pembayaran kepada bank, karena tidak disebutkan bank itu berlokasi di mana, kami mengasumsikan bank tersebut merupakan bank umum yang ada di Indonesia. Sedangkan terkait karyawan yang mewakili ekspatriat diasumsikan merupakan warga negara Indonesia (WNI).Adapun transaksi di pasar valuta asing meliputi transaksi valas terhadap rupiah dan transaksi valas terhadap valas.[1] Salah satu contohnya, transaksi valas terhadap rupiah yang dilakukan antar bank dilakukan sepanjang rentang waktu pelaksanaan window time operasi pasar terbuka Bank Indonesia yaitu pada hari kerja pukul 08.00 WIB – 16.00 WIB. Sebaliknya, di luar rentang waktu transaksi valas terhadap rupiah yang dilakukan antar bank di pasar valas dilarang.[2]Kemudian sepanjang penelusuran kami di berbagai laman bank di Indonesia, pemilik rekening valas diberikan beberapa fasilitas kemudahan untuk bertransaksi menggunakan internet banking maupun mobile banking termasuk mengecek mutasi rekening.Oleh karena itu, kami berpendapat jika ekspatriat itu memiliki rekening valas di Indonesia, maka ia dapat bertransaksi secara langsung tanpa perlu menggunakan surat kuasa atau memberikan surat kuasa kepada orang lain dengan memperhatikan koridor transaksi valas termasuk limit minimum transaksi harian atau bulanan sebagaimana diatur dalam PBI 24/7/PBI/2022, Peraturan Anggota Dewan Gubernur BI 24/10/PADG/2022, maupun ketentuan bank yang bersangkutan.Sebagai contoh, jumlah tertentu (threshold) untuk transaksi yang bersifat tunai beli valas terhadap rupiah sebesar USD100.000,00 atau ekuivalennya per bulan per pelaku transaksi di pasar valas.[3]Jika hendak melakukan transaksi valas terhadap rupiah dengan nilai nominal di atas jumlah tertentu (threshold) per bulan, pelaku transaksi wajib menyampaikan dokumen underlying transaksi (kegiatan yang mendasari transaksi valuta asing terhadap rupiah)[4] dan dokumen pendukung lainnya sebagaimana disebut dalam Pasal 27 Peraturan Anggota Dewan Gubernur BI 24/10/PADG/2022.Fungsi Surat KuasaNamun demikian, apabila asumsi yang kami bangun di atas kurang tepat, kami akan menerangkan fungsi surat kuasa pada umumnya. Pasal 1792 KUH Perdata menyebutkan pemberian kuasa adalah suatu persetujuan dengan mana seorang memberikan kekuasaan kepada seorang lain, yang menerimanya untuk dan atas namanya menyelenggarakan suatu urusan.Sehingga dapat disimpulkan surat kuasa adalah sebuah dokumen yang memberikan wewenang kepada pihak lain untuk melakukan perbuatan hukum, untuk dan atas nama pemberi kuasa, karena pihak pemberi kuasa sedang tidak dapat melakukannya sendiri.Baca juga: Perbedaan Surat Kuasa Umum dan Surat Kuasa KhususMenjawab pertanyaan Anda, kami berpendapat pemberian kuasa dianggap sah sepanjang pemberi kuasa (ekspatriat) memberikan surat kuasa secara tertulis kepada penerima kuasa (karyawan) dengan menegaskan dalam rangka keperluan pembayaran kepada bank, penerima kuasa mewakili pemberi kuasa.Adapun mengenai nilai transaksi yang cukup besar, kami menyarankan kepada Anda agar merujuk kembali pada ketentuan bank yang bersangkutan terkait limit transaksi dan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan terkait lainnya (jika bank yang dimaksud berada di luar negeri).Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwibahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut di sini. Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat.DASAR HUKUMKitab Undang-Undang Hukum PerdataPeraturan Anggota Dewan Gubernur Nomor 22/22/PADG/2020 Tahun 2020 tentang Instrumen Operasi Pasar TerbukaPeraturan Anggota Dewan Gubernur Nomor 23/9/PADG/2021 Tahun 2021 tentang Perubahan atas Peraturan Anggota Dewan Gubernur Nomor 22/22/PADG/2020 tentang Instrumen Operasi Pasar TerbukaPeraturan Bank Indonesia Nomor 24/7/PBI/2022 Tahun 2022 tentang Transaksi di Pasar Valuta AsingPeraturan Anggota Dewan Gubernur Bank Indonesia Nomor 24/10/PADG/2022 Tahun 2022 tentang Peraturan Pelaksanaan Transaksi di Pasar Valuta AsingSurat Edaran Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor S-246/D.01/2015 Tahun 2015 tentang Pembukaan Rekening Valuta Asing (Valas) oleh Calon Nasabah Perorangan Berkewarganegaraan AsingREFERENSIEkspatriat, yang diakses pada 13 Maret 2023, pukul 22.00 WIB.[1] Pasal 3 Peraturan Bank Indonesia Nomor 24/7/PBI/2022 tentang Transaksi di Pasar Valuta Asing[2] Pasal 5 Peraturan Anggota Dewan Gubernur Bank Indonesia Nomor 24/10/PADG/2022 tentang Peraturan Pelaksanaan Transaksi di Pasar Valuta Asing (“Peraturan Anggota Dewan Gubernur BI 24/10/PADG/2022”) jo. Pasal 5 Peraturan Anggota Dewan Gubernur Nomor 22/22/PADG/2020 Tahun 2020 tentang Instrumen Operasi Pasar Terbuka[3] Pasal 9 ayat (1) Peraturan Anggota Dewan Gubernur BI 24/10/PADG/2022[4] Pasal 1 angka 6 Peraturan Anggota Dewan Gubernur BI 24/10/PADG/2022Tagsbankbank umumvalasvaluta asing
Bolehkah seorang karyawan sebagai PIC mewakili expatriate secara pribadi untuk melakukan pembayaran-pembayaran atas nama dirinya sendiri kepada bank dari rekening pribadi expatriate? Jika boleh, apakah cukup hanya dengan menyertakan surat kuasa? Sebagai informasi, transaksi-transaksi yang akan dilakukan nilainya cukup besar. Adakah aturan, batasan atau larangan yang mengatur ini?
Kami mengasumsikan ekspatriat yang Anda maksud memiliki rekening valuta asing (“valas”) di Indonesia. Terkait transaksi valas dapat dilakukan menggunakan fasilitas yang diberikan oleh bank yang bersangkutan dengan tetap memperhatikan ketentuan transaksi valas. Lantas, bagaimana jika ekspatriat tersebut memberikan surat kuasa kepada karyawan untuk bertransaksi? Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Bertransaksi dengan Pihak Asing Menggunakan Mata Uang Asing di Wilayah Indonesia10 Mar 2023Haruskah Surat Kuasa Ditandatangani Penerima Kuasa?22 Des 2022Hukumnya Bank Mengubah Data Nasabah secara Sepihak13 Okt 2022Usaha Penukaran Valuta Asing05 Sep 2017Bertransaksi dengan Pihak Asing Menggunakan Mata Uang Asing di Wilayah Indonesia10 Mar 2023Haruskah Surat Kuasa Ditandatangani Penerima Kuasa?22 Des 2022Hukumnya Bank Mengubah Data Nasabah secara Sepihak13 Okt 2022Usaha Penukaran Valuta Asing05 Sep 2017Ingin Rujuk, Begini Cara Cabut Gugatan Cerai di Pengadilan1 Sep 2023Tips Agar Terhindar dari Jebakan Saham Gorengan15 Agu 2023Ini Cara Mengurus Akta Nikah yang Terlambat 30 Sep 2022Ingin Rujuk, Begini Cara Cabut Gugatan Cerai di Pengadilan1 Sep 2023Tips Agar Terhindar dari Jebakan Saham Gorengan15 Agu 2023Ini Cara Mengurus Akta Nikah yang Terlambat 30 Sep 2022
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/ketentuan-transaksi-via-rekening-valuta-asing-di-indonesia-lt640ff8913a165/
Ketentuan Transaksi via Rekening Valuta Asing di Indonesia
pages/156/page-8.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Transaksi dalam Rekening Valas di Indonesia** ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Bertransaksi dengan Pihak Asing Menggunakan Mata Uang Asing di Wilayah Indonesia ](/klinik/a/bertransaksi-dengan-pihak-asing-menggunakan-mata-uang-asing-di-wilayah-indonesia-lt54242ff74b211/) ![Bertransaksi dengan Pihak Asing Menggunakan Mata Uang Asing di Wilayah Indonesia](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt54242ff74b211/thumbnail_lt640b173a6a18a.jpg) 10 Mar 2023 [ #### Haruskah Surat Kuasa Ditandatangani Penerima Kuasa? ](/klinik/a/haruskah-surat-kuasa-ditandatangani-penerima-kuasa-lt4d09825f048e0/) ![Haruskah Surat Kuasa Ditandatangani Penerima Kuasa?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt4d09825f048e0/thumbnail_lt63a3dd57c93f3.jpg) 22 Des 2022 [ #### Hukumnya Bank Mengubah Data Nasabah secara Sepihak ](/klinik/a/hukumnya-bank-mengubah-data-nasabah-secara-sepihak-lt5579a8bd480d6/) ![Hukumnya Bank Mengubah Data Nasabah secara Sepihak](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt5579a8bd480d6/thumbnail_lt6347cc6c0d58b.jpg) 13 Okt 2022 [ #### Usaha Penukaran Valuta Asing ](/klinik/a/usaha-penukaran-valuta-asing-cl4714/) ![Usaha Penukaran Valuta Asing](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/cl4714/thumbnail_lt59ae4c0123469.jpg) 05 Sep 2017 [](#!) Dalam **KBBI**, _expatriate_ atau [ekspatriat](https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/ekspatriat) adalah orang yang melepaskan kewarganegaraannya, orang yang meninggalkan negeri asalnya, warga negara asing (“WNA”) yang menetap di sebuah negara, orang yang terbuang, atau tenaga kerja asing. Sehingga guna menyederhanakan jawaban, kami mengasumsikan ekspatriat yang Anda maksud merupakan WNA yang bekerja di Indonesia sebagai tenaga kerja asing. Baca juga: [**Syarat Tenaga Kerja Asing Bisa Bekerja di Indonesia**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/syarat-tenaga-kerja-asing-bisa-bekerja-di-indonesia-lt557fb3beea80c?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=syarat_tka_kerja_di_indo) Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Selain itu, kami juga mengasumsikan bahwa rekening pribadi ekspatriat yang dimaksud merupakan rekening valuta asing (“valas”) untuk WNA di Indonesia. Lebih lanjut, merujuk [**SE OJK S-246/D.01/2015**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt55fa32a9f1dec/surat-edaran-otoritas-jasa-keuangan-nomor-s-246-d01-2015-tahun-2015?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=ojk_246_2015) menyebutkan sejumlah persyaratan pembukaan rekening valas untuk WNA perorangan. Kemudian terkait pembayaran kepada bank, karena tidak disebutkan bank itu berlokasi di mana, kami mengasumsikan bank tersebut merupakan bank umum yang ada di Indonesia. Sedangkan terkait karyawan yang mewakili ekspatriat diasumsikan merupakan warga negara Indonesia (WNI). Adapun transaksi di pasar valuta asing meliputi transaksi valas terhadap rupiah dan transaksi valas terhadap valas.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Salah satu contohnya, transaksi valas terhadap rupiah yang dilakukan antar bank dilakukan sepanjang rentang waktu pelaksanaan _window time_ operasi pasar terbuka Bank Indonesia yaitu pada hari kerja pukul 08.00 WIB – 16.00 WIB. Sebaliknya, di luar rentang waktu transaksi valas terhadap rupiah yang dilakukan antar bank di pasar valas dilarang.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Kemudian sepanjang penelusuran kami di berbagai laman bank di Indonesia, pemilik rekening valas diberikan beberapa fasilitas kemudahan untuk bertransaksi menggunakan _internet banking_ maupun _mobile banking_ termasuk mengecek mutasi rekening. Oleh karena itu, kami berpendapat jika ekspatriat itu memiliki rekening valas di Indonesia, maka ia dapat bertransaksi secara langsung tanpa perlu menggunakan surat kuasa atau memberikan surat kuasa kepada orang lain dengan memperhatikan koridor transaksi valas termasuk limit minimum transaksi harian atau bulanan sebagaimana diatur dalam [**PBI 24/7/PBI/2022**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt62c52ef2bf70d/peraturan-bank-indonesia-nomor-24-7-pbi-2022-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pbi_24_2022), [**Peraturan Anggota Dewan Gubernur BI 24/10/PADG/2022**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt62cbc841422d7/peraturan-anggota-dewan-gubernur-nomor-24-10-padg-2022-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=padg_24_2022), maupun ketentuan bank yang bersangkutan. Sebagai contoh, jumlah tertentu (_threshold_) untuk transaksi yang bersifat tunai beli valas terhadap rupiah sebesar USD100.000,00 atau ekuivalennya per bulan per pelaku transaksi di pasar valas.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Jika hendak melakukan transaksi valas terhadap rupiah dengan nilai nominal di atas jumlah tertentu (_threshold_) per bulan, pelaku transaksi wajib menyampaikan dokumen _underlying_ transaksi (kegiatan yang mendasari transaksi valuta asing terhadap rupiah)[\[4\]](#_ftn4) dan dokumen pendukung lainnya sebagaimana disebut dalam **Pasal 27 Peraturan Anggota Dewan Gubernur BI 24/10/PADG/2022**. ### **Fungsi Surat Kuasa** Namun demikian, apabila asumsi yang kami bangun di atas kurang tepat, kami akan menerangkan fungsi surat kuasa pada umumnya. **Pasal 1792** [**KUH Perdata**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17229/node/686?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHPerdata) menyebutkan pemberian kuasa adalah suatu persetujuan dengan mana seorang memberikan kekuasaan kepada seorang lain, yang menerimanya untuk dan atas namanya menyelenggarakan suatu urusan. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan surat kuasa adalah sebuah dokumen yang memberikan wewenang kepada pihak lain untuk melakukan perbuatan hukum, untuk dan atas nama pemberi kuasa, karena pihak pemberi kuasa sedang tidak dapat melakukannya sendiri. Baca juga: [**Perbedaan Surat Kuasa Umum dan Surat Kuasa Khusus**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/perbedaan-surat-kuasa-umum-dan-surat-kuasa-khusus-cl5976?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=beda_surat_kuasa_umum_khusus) Menjawab pertanyaan Anda, kami berpendapat pemberian kuasa dianggap sah sepanjang pemberi kuasa (ekspatriat) memberikan surat kuasa secara tertulis kepada penerima kuasa (karyawan) dengan menegaskan dalam rangka keperluan pembayaran kepada bank, penerima kuasa mewakili pemberi kuasa. Adapun mengenai nilai transaksi yang cukup besar, kami menyarankan kepada Anda agar merujuk kembali pada ketentuan bank yang bersangkutan terkait limit transaksi dan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan terkait lainnya (jika bank yang dimaksud berada di luar negeri). Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwibahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut [**di sini**](https://pro.hukumonline.com/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=cta&utm_campaign=artikel_klinik).  Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17229/node/686?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHPerdata) Peraturan Anggota Dewan Gubernur Nomor 22/22/PADG/2020 Tahun 2020 tentang Instrumen Operasi Pasar Terbuka [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5f8009637919c?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=PADG_22_2020) Peraturan Anggota Dewan Gubernur Nomor 23/9/PADG/2021 Tahun 2021 tentang Perubahan atas Peraturan Anggota Dewan Gubernur Nomor 22/22/PADG/2020 tentang Instrumen Operasi Pasar Terbuka [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt60a610fd9bb8c/peraturan-anggota-dewan-gubernur-nomor-239padg2021-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=PADG_23_2021) Peraturan Bank Indonesia Nomor 24/7/PBI/2022 Tahun 2022 tentang Transaksi di Pasar Valuta Asing [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt62c52ef2bf70d/peraturan-bank-indonesia-nomor-24-7-pbi-2022-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pbi_24_2022) Peraturan Anggota Dewan Gubernur Bank Indonesia Nomor 24/10/PADG/2022 Tahun 2022 tentang Peraturan Pelaksanaan Transaksi di Pasar Valuta Asing [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt62cbc841422d7/peraturan-anggota-dewan-gubernur-nomor-24-10-padg-2022-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=padg_24_2022) Surat Edaran Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor S-246/D.01/2015 Tahun 2015 tentang Pembukaan Rekening Valuta Asing (Valas) oleh Calon Nasabah Perorangan Berkewarganegaraan Asing [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt55fa32a9f1dec/surat-edaran-otoritas-jasa-keuangan-nomor-s-246-d01-2015-tahun-2015?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=ojk_246_2015) REFERENSI --------- [Ekspatriat](https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/ekspatriat), yang diakses pada 13 Maret 2023, pukul 22.00 WIB. * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Pasal 3 [Peraturan Bank Indonesia Nomor 24/7/PBI/2022 tentang Transaksi di Pasar Valuta Asing](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt62c52ef2bf70d/peraturan-bank-indonesia-nomor-24-7-pbi-2022-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pbi_24_2022) [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal 5 [Peraturan Anggota Dewan Gubernur Bank Indonesia Nomor 24/10/PADG/2022 tentang Peraturan Pelaksanaan Transaksi di Pasar Valuta Asing](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt62cbc841422d7/peraturan-anggota-dewan-gubernur-nomor-24-10-padg-2022-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=padg_24_2022) (“Peraturan Anggota Dewan Gubernur BI 24/10/PADG/2022”) _jo._ Pasal 5 [Peraturan Anggota Dewan Gubernur Nomor 22/22/PADG/2020 Tahun 2020 tentang Instrumen Operasi Pasar Terbuka](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5f8009637919c?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=PADG_22_2020) [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 9 ayat (1) Peraturan Anggota Dewan Gubernur BI 24/10/PADG/2022 [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 1 angka 6 Peraturan Anggota Dewan Gubernur BI 24/10/PADG/2022 Tags ---- [bank](/tag/bank) [bank umum](/tag/bank-umum) [valas](/tag/valas) [valuta asing](/tag/valuta-asing)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul sama yang dibuat oleh Sovia Hasanah, S.H., dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Senin, 9 Juli 2018.Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.Pengertian PenerjemahanPenerjemahan teks peraturan perundang-undangan ke dalam bahasa asing menjadi hal yang krusial dalam rangka menyebarluaskan ketentuan hukum positif di Indonesia.[1] Menurut John Cunnison "Ian" Catford, penerjemahan adalah pengalihan bahasa, sedangkan terjemahan merupakan proses yang dilakukan pada bahasa, yakni mengganti teks dalam satu bahasa dengan teks dalam bahasa lain.[2]Definisi penerjemahan tersebut sejalan dengan Pasal 1 angka 2 dan 3 Permenkumham 13/2018, yang berbunyi:Angka 2Penerjemahan Peraturan Perundang-undangan yang selanjutnya disebut Penerjemahan adalah pengalihbahasaan Peraturan Perundang-undangan dari bahasa Indonesia ke dalam bahasa Inggris.Angka 3Penerjemahan Resmi Peraturan Perundang-undangan adalah proses pengalihbahasaan Peraturan Perundang-undangan dari bahasa Indonesia ke dalam bahasa Inggris mulai dari tahap permohonan sampai dengan penandatanganan oleh Menteri.Sedangkan penerjemah adalah orang yang memiliki keahlian untuk melakukan penerjemahan bahasa, yaitu dari bahasa sumber ke bahasa sasaran maupun sebaliknya.[3]Aturan Hukum Penerjemahan Resmi Peraturan Perundang-UndanganPada dasarnya, dalam hal peraturan perundang-undangan perlu diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa asing, penerjemahannya dilaksanakan oleh menteri atau kepala lembaga yang menyelenggarakan urusan pemerintahan di bidang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan. Terjemahan tersebut merupakan terjemahan resmi.[4]Ketentuan mengenai penerjemahan peraturan perundang-undangan juga ditegaskan kembali dalam Pasal 162 Perpres 87/2014, yaitu:Penerjemahan Peraturan Perundang-undangan ke dalam bahasa asing dilaksanakan oleh Menteri.Penerjemahan Peraturan Perundang-undangan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) merupakan pengalihbahasaan Peraturan Perundang-undangan dari bahasa Indonesia ke dalam bahasa Inggris.Tata Cara Pengajuan Permohonan Penerjemahan  Permohonan penerjemahan disampaikan kepada Menteri yang menyelenggarakan urusan pemerintahan di bidang hukum, melalui Direktur Jenderal Peraturan Perundang-undangan.[5] Permohonan penerjemahan tersebut diajukan secara tertulis yang ditandatangani oleh:[6]sekretaris jenderal;pejabat pimpinan tinggi madya; atausekretaris daerah provinsi atau daerah kabupaten/kota dari Pemohon.Permohonan penerjemahan sebagaimana dimaksud paling sedikit memuat urgensi penerjemahan dengan melampirkan persyaratan:[7]salinan naskah Peraturan Perundang-undangan yang telah diundangkan; dan konsep terjemahan Peraturan Perundang-undangan yang dimohonkan.Pasal 5 Permenkumham 13/2018 secara rinci mengatur tahapan pengajuan permohonan sebagai berikut:Direktur Jenderal melakukan Klarifikasi terhadap permohonan Penerjemahan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 4;Dalam hal berdasarkan Klarifikasi sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) permohonan dinyatakan tidak memenuhi syarat, Direktur Jenderal memberitahukan kepada Pemohon untuk melengkapi;Dalam hal permohonan dinyatakan tidak memenuhi syarat sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2), Pemohon harus melengkapi permohonan paling lama 7 (tujuh) Hari terhitung sejak tanggal pemberitahuan diterima;Apabila Pemohon tidak melengkapi permohonan dalam jangka waktu sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (3), permohonan dinyatakan tidak diterima;Permohonan yang tidak diterima sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (4) diberitahukan secara tertulis oleh Direktur Jenderal kepada Pemohon dalam jangka waktu paling lama 7 (tujuh) Hari terhitung sejak tanggal permohonan diterima dengan disertai alasan.Dalam hal berdasarkan klarifikasi sebagaimana permohonan dinyatakan telah memenuhi syarat, Direktur Jenderal dapat membentuk tim untuk melakukan Penerjemahan Resmi.[8] Keanggotaan tim dapat terdiri dari:[9]kementerian yang menyelenggarakan urusan pemerintahan di bidang hukum; pemrakarsa; danpenerjemah tersumpah.Sebagai informasi, penerjemah tersumpah diatas dapat berasal dari pejabat fungsional penerjemah.[10] Kemudian, hasil rancangan terjemahan peraturan perundang-undangan disampaikan oleh ketua tim kepada Direktur Jenderal. Direktur Jenderal kemudian menyampaikan hasil rancangan terjemahan tersebut kepada pemohon untuk memperoleh paraf persetujuan. Setelah Direktur Jenderal menandatangani hasil rancangan terjemahan peraturan perundang-undangan yang telah memperoleh paraf persetujuan, maka hasil rancangan terjemahan tersebut merupakan terjemahan resmi.[11]Sepanjang penelusuran kami, terjemahan resmi peraturan perundang-undangan hanya dapat dilakukan dari dari bahasa Indonesia ke dalam bahasa Inggris. Hal yang sama juga disampaikan dalam artikel Begini Aturan Penerjemahan Peraturan Perundang-undangan, dimana Kepala Subbagian Hubungan Masyarakat Kemenkumham, Pambudi Hurip Yuwono menyatakan belum bisa menjelaskan apakah Permenkumham 13/2018 bisa menerjemahkan bahasa asing lain selain bahasa Inggris.Kesimpulannya, merujuk pada beberapa peraturan di atas, mengenai penerjemahan peraturan perundang-undangan secara tegas diatur hanya dari bahasa Indonesia ke dalam bahasa Inggris. Artinya, penerjemahan peraturan perundang-undangan tidak bisa diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa lain selain bahasa Inggris. Penerjemahan peraturan perundang-undangan juga dimulai dari tahap permohonan sampai dengan penandatanganan oleh Menteri.Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwibahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut di sini. Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat.Dasar hukum:Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 15 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan yang diubah kedua kalinya dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2022 Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan;Peraturan Presiden Nomor 87 Tahun 2014 tentang Peraturan Pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Peraturan Presiden Nomor 76 Tahun 2021 tentang Perubahan atas Peraturan Presiden Nomor 87 Tahun 2014 tentang Peraturan Pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2O11 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan;Peraturan Menteri Hukum Dan Hak Asasi Manusia Nomor 13 Tahun 2018 tentang Penerjemahan Resmi Peraturan Perundang-undangan.Referensi:J.C. Catford. A Linguistic Theory of Translation. London: Oxford University Press, 1965;Muhammad Reza Hastomo Aji. Studi Komparatif Penyediaan Penerjemah Terhadap Penghadap Notaris Tuli di Indonesia Dan Jepang. Lex Renaissance, Vol. 1, No. 5, 2020;Syahmardan. Kedudukan Perancang Peraturan Perundang-undangan sebagai Penerjemah Resmi Peraturan Perundang-undangan. Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia, Vol. 9, No. 2, 2012.[1] Syahmardan. Kedudukan Perancang Peraturan Perundang-undangan sebagai Penerjemah Resmi Peraturan Perundang-undangan. Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia, Vol. 9, No. 2, 2012, hal. 300.[2] J.C. Catford. A Linguistic Theory of Translation. London: Oxford University Press, 1965, hal. 1.[3] Muhammad Reza Hastomo Aji. Studi Komparatif Penyediaan Penerjemah Terhadap Penghadap Notaris Tuli di Indonesia Dan Jepang. Lex Renaissance, Vol. 1, No. 5, 2020, hal. 213.[4] Pasal 1 angka 14 Undang-Undang Nomor 15 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan (“UU 15/2019”).[5] Pasal 3 ayat (1) Peraturan Menteri Hukum Dan Hak Asasi Manusia Nomor 13 Tahun 2018 tentang Penerjemahan Resmi Peraturan Perundang-undangan (“Permenkumham 13/2018”).[6] Pasal 3 ayat (2) Permenkumham 13/2018.[7] Pasal 4 ayat (1) Permenkumham 13/2018.[8] Pasal 6 Permenkumham 13/2018.[9] Pasal 7 ayat (1) Permenkumham 13/2018.[10] Pasal 7 ayat (2) Permenkumham 13/2018.[11] Pasal 8 Permenkumham 13/2018.Tagsbahasa indonesiabahasa inggrishukumhukumonlineinggrisperaturanperaturan perundang-undangantata negaraundang-undang
Sekarang, mulai bermunculan peraturan perundang-undangan yang diterjemahkan ke bahasa Inggris. Bisakah peraturan tersebut diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa selain bahasa Inggris? Sebagaimana banyak juga perusahaan asing yang tidak berbahasa Inggris di Indonesia. Terima kasih.
Berdasarkan Pasal 162 ayat (2) Perpres 87/2014 dan Pasal 1 angka 2 Permenkumham 13/2018, penerjemahan peraturan perundang-undangan merupakan pengalihbahasaan peraturan perundang-undangan dari bahasa Indonesia ke dalam bahasa Inggris. Lantas, apakah penerjemahan peraturan perundang-undangan bisa dilakukan ke dalam bahasa asing selain bahasa Inggris? Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda simak ulasan di bawah ini. Mau Melaporkan Tindak Pidana ke Polisi? Begini Prosedurnya21 Des 2022Cara Mengurus Surat Cerai dan Langkah Mengajukan Gugatannya22 Jun 2023Kiat-kiat Membeli Tanah Girik yang Aman4 Jun 2024Mau Melaporkan Tindak Pidana ke Polisi? Begini Prosedurnya21 Des 2022Cara Mengurus Surat Cerai dan Langkah Mengajukan Gugatannya22 Jun 2023Kiat-kiat Membeli Tanah Girik yang Aman4 Jun 2024
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/penerjemahan-resmi-peraturan-perundang-undangan--begini-aturannya-lt5b42db07ce46c/
Penerjemahan Resmi Peraturan Perundang-Undangan, Begini Aturannya
pages/157/page-0.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul sama yang dibuat oleh [Sovia Hasanah, S.H.](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/sovia-hasanah--sh-lt57d2913a130b4)**, **dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Senin, 9 Juli 2018.** Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Pengertian Penerjemahan** Penerjemahan teks peraturan perundang-undangan ke dalam bahasa asing menjadi hal yang krusial dalam rangka menyebarluaskan ketentuan hukum positif di Indonesia.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Menurut **John Cunnison "Ian" Catford**, penerjemahan adalah pengalihan bahasa, sedangkan terjemahan merupakan proses yang dilakukan pada bahasa, yakni mengganti teks dalam satu bahasa dengan teks dalam bahasa lain.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Definisi penerjemahan tersebut sejalan dengan **Pasal 1 angka 2 dan 3 [Permenkumham 13/2018](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5ae0438f8bcb9/nprt/lt51ee13ce8e9ef/peraturan-menteri-hukum-dan-hak-asasi-manusia-no-13-tahun-2018-penerjemahan-resmi-peraturan-perundang-undangan?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=permenkumham_13_2018)**, yang berbunyi: **_Angka 2_** _Penerjemahan Peraturan Perundang-undangan yang selanjutnya disebut Penerjemahan adalah pengalihbahasaan Peraturan Perundang-undangan dari bahasa Indonesia ke dalam bahasa Inggris._ **_Angka 3_** _Penerjemahan Resmi Peraturan Perundang-undangan adalah proses pengalihbahasaan Peraturan Perundang-undangan dari bahasa Indonesia ke dalam bahasa Inggris mulai dari tahap permohonan sampai dengan penandatanganan oleh Menteri._ Sedangkan penerjemah adalah orang yang memiliki keahlian untuk melakukan penerjemahan bahasa, yaitu dari bahasa sumber ke bahasa sasaran maupun sebaliknya.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) ### **Aturan Hukum Penerjemahan Resmi Peraturan Perundang-Undangan** Pada dasarnya, dalam hal peraturan perundang-undangan perlu diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa asing, penerjemahannya dilaksanakan oleh menteri atau kepala lembaga yang menyelenggarakan urusan pemerintahan di bidang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan. Terjemahan tersebut merupakan terjemahan resmi.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) Ketentuan mengenai penerjemahan peraturan perundang-undangan juga ditegaskan kembali dalam **Pasal 162** **[Perpres 87/2014](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt541021fe6cc4b/nprt/lt51ee13ce8e9ef/perpres-no-87-tahun-2014-peraturan-pelaksanaan-undang-undang-nomor-12-tahun-2011-tentang-pembentukan-peraturan-perundang-undangan?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perpres_87_2014)**, yaitu: 1. Penerjemahan Peraturan Perundang-undangan ke dalam bahasa asing dilaksanakan oleh Menteri. 2. Penerjemahan Peraturan Perundang-undangan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) merupakan pengalihbahasaan Peraturan Perundang-undangan dari bahasa Indonesia ke dalam bahasa Inggris. ### **Tata Cara Pengajuan Permohonan Penerjemahan**   Permohonan penerjemahan disampaikan kepada Menteri yang menyelenggarakan urusan pemerintahan di bidang hukum, melalui Direktur Jenderal Peraturan Perundang-undangan.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) Permohonan penerjemahan tersebut diajukan secara tertulis yang ditandatangani oleh:[\[6\]](#_ftn6) 1. sekretaris jenderal; 2. pejabat pimpinan tinggi madya; atau 3. sekretaris daerah provinsi atau daerah kabupaten/kota dari Pemohon. Permohonan penerjemahan sebagaimana dimaksud paling sedikit memuat urgensi penerjemahan dengan melampirkan persyaratan:[\[7\]](#_ftn7) 1. salinan naskah Peraturan Perundang-undangan yang telah diundangkan; dan 2. konsep terjemahan Peraturan Perundang-undangan yang dimohonkan. **Pasal 5 Permenkumham 13/2018** secara rinci mengatur tahapan pengajuan permohonan sebagai berikut: 1. Direktur Jenderal melakukan Klarifikasi terhadap permohonan Penerjemahan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 4; 2. Dalam hal berdasarkan Klarifikasi sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) permohonan dinyatakan tidak memenuhi syarat, Direktur Jenderal memberitahukan kepada Pemohon untuk melengkapi; 3. Dalam hal permohonan dinyatakan tidak memenuhi syarat sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2), Pemohon harus melengkapi permohonan paling lama 7 (tujuh) Hari terhitung sejak tanggal pemberitahuan diterima; 4. Apabila Pemohon tidak melengkapi permohonan dalam jangka waktu sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (3), permohonan dinyatakan tidak diterima; 5. Permohonan yang tidak diterima sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (4) diberitahukan secara tertulis oleh Direktur Jenderal kepada Pemohon dalam jangka waktu paling lama 7 (tujuh) Hari terhitung sejak tanggal permohonan diterima dengan disertai alasan. Dalam hal berdasarkan klarifikasi sebagaimana permohonan dinyatakan telah memenuhi syarat, Direktur Jenderal dapat membentuk tim untuk melakukan Penerjemahan Resmi.[\[8\]](#_ftn8) Keanggotaan tim dapat terdiri dari:[\[9\]](#_ftn9) 1. kementerian yang menyelenggarakan urusan pemerintahan di bidang hukum; 2. pemrakarsa; dan 3. penerjemah tersumpah. Sebagai informasi, penerjemah tersumpah diatas dapat berasal dari pejabat fungsional penerjemah.[\[10\]](#_ftn10) Kemudian, hasil rancangan terjemahan peraturan perundang-undangan disampaikan oleh ketua tim kepada Direktur Jenderal. Direktur Jenderal kemudian menyampaikan hasil rancangan terjemahan tersebut kepada pemohon untuk memperoleh paraf persetujuan. Setelah Direktur Jenderal menandatangani hasil rancangan terjemahan peraturan perundang-undangan yang telah memperoleh paraf persetujuan, maka hasil rancangan terjemahan tersebut merupakan terjemahan resmi.[\[11\]](#_ftn11) Sepanjang penelusuran kami, terjemahan resmi peraturan perundang-undangan hanya dapat dilakukan dari dari bahasa Indonesia ke dalam bahasa Inggris_._ Hal yang sama juga disampaikan dalam artikel **[Begini Aturan Penerjemahan Peraturan Perundang-undangan](https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/begini-aturan-penerjemahan-peraturan-perundang-undangan-lt5ae1f07469b38?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=Begini_Aturan_Penerjemahan_Peraturan_Perundang-undangan)**, dimana Kepala Subbagian Hubungan Masyarakat Kemenkumham, **Pambudi Hurip Yuwono** menyatakan belum bisa menjelaskan apakah Permenkumham 13/2018 bisa menerjemahkan bahasa asing lain selain bahasa Inggris. Kesimpulannya, merujuk pada beberapa peraturan di atas, mengenai penerjemahan peraturan perundang-undangan secara tegas diatur hanya dari bahasa Indonesia ke dalam bahasa Inggris. Artinya, penerjemahan peraturan perundang-undangan tidak bisa diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa lain selain bahasa Inggris. Penerjemahan peraturan perundang-undangan juga dimulai dari tahap permohonan sampai dengan penandatanganan oleh Menteri. Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwibahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut [**di sini**](https://pro.hukumonline.com/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=cta&utm_campaign=artikel_klinik).  Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. Dasar hukum: 1. [Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4e573e59d0487/nprt/lt4d50fbec8b2ce/uu-no-12-tahun-2011-pembentukan-peraturan-perundang-undangan?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_12_2011) sebagaimana telah diubah dengan [Undang-Undang Nomor 15 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5da039a94937f?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_15_2019) yang diubah kedua kalinya dengan [Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2022 Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt62b01b9e7e96e/undang-undang-nomor-13-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_13_2022); 2. [Peraturan Presiden Nomor 87 Tahun 2014 tentang Peraturan Pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt541021fe6cc4b/nprt/lt51ee13ce8e9ef/perpres-no-87-tahun-2014-peraturan-pelaksanaan-undang-undang-nomor-12-tahun-2011-tentang-pembentukan-peraturan-perundang-undangan?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perpres_87_2014) sebagaimana telah diubah dengan [Peraturan Presiden Nomor 76 Tahun 2021 tentang Perubahan atas Peraturan Presiden Nomor 87 Tahun 2014 tentang Peraturan Pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2O11 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt612c795e1b2cb?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perpres_76_2021); 3. [Peraturan Menteri Hukum Dan Hak Asasi Manusia Nomor 13 Tahun 2018 tentang Penerjemahan Resmi Peraturan Perundang-undangan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5ae0438f8bcb9/nprt/lt51ee13ce8e9ef/peraturan-menteri-hukum-dan-hak-asasi-manusia-no-13-tahun-2018-penerjemahan-resmi-peraturan-perundang-undangan?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=permenkumham_13_2018). Referensi: 1. J.C. Catford. _A Linguistic Theory of Translation._ London: Oxford University Press, 1965; 2. Muhammad Reza Hastomo Aji. _Studi Komparatif Penyediaan Penerjemah Terhadap Penghadap Notaris Tuli di Indonesia Dan Jepang_. Lex Renaissance, Vol. 1, No. 5, 2020; 3. Syahmardan. _Kedudukan Perancang Peraturan Perundang-undangan sebagai Penerjemah Resmi Peraturan Perundang-undangan_. Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia, Vol. 9, No. 2, 2012. * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Syahmardan. _Kedudukan Perancang Peraturan Perundang-undangan sebagai Penerjemah Resmi Peraturan Perundang-undangan_. Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia, Vol. 9, No. 2, 2012, hal. 300. [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) J.C. Catford. _A Linguistic Theory of Translation._ London: Oxford University Press, 1965, hal. 1. [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Muhammad Reza Hastomo Aji. _Studi Komparatif Penyediaan Penerjemah Terhadap Penghadap Notaris Tuli di Indonesia Dan Jepang_. Lex Renaissance, Vol. 1, No. 5, 2020, hal. 213. [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 1 angka 14 [Undang-Undang Nomor 15 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5da039a94937f?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_15_2019) (“UU 15/2019”). [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Pasal 3 ayat (1) [Peraturan Menteri Hukum Dan Hak Asasi Manusia Nomor 13 Tahun 2018 tentang Penerjemahan Resmi Peraturan Perundang-undangan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5ae0438f8bcb9/nprt/lt51ee13ce8e9ef/peraturan-menteri-hukum-dan-hak-asasi-manusia-no-13-tahun-2018-penerjemahan-resmi-peraturan-perundang-undangan?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=permenkumham_13_2018) (“Permenkumham 13/2018”). [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Pasal 3 ayat (2) Permenkumham 13/2018. [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Pasal 4 ayat (1) Permenkumham 13/2018. [\[8\]](#_ftnref8) Pasal 6 Permenkumham 13/2018. [\[9\]](#_ftnref9) Pasal 7 ayat (1) Permenkumham 13/2018. [\[10\]](#_ftnref10) Pasal 7 ayat (2) Permenkumham 13/2018. [\[11\]](#_ftnref11) Pasal 8 Permenkumham 13/2018. Tags ---- [bahasa indonesia](/tag/bahasa-indonesia) [bahasa inggris](/tag/bahasa-inggris) [hukum](/tag/hukum) [hukumonline](/tag/hukumonline) [inggris](/tag/inggris) [peraturan](/tag/peraturan) [peraturan perundang-undangan](/tag/peraturan-perundang_undangan) [tata negara](/tag/tata-negara) [undang-undang](/tag/undang_undang)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. KLINIK TERKAITHak Istri Setelah Cerai Menurut Islam 17 Mei 2024Hak Asuh Anak Jika Cerai karena Pindah Agama20 Feb 2023Cara Mengurus Surat Cerai Tanpa Buku Nikah16 Feb 2023Istri Gugat Cerai Suami Menolak, Dapatkah Akta Cerai Terbit?12 Jan 2023Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika. Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Peraturan pemerintah merupakan salah satu bentuk dari peraturan perundang-undangan yang wajib dipatuhi terlebih jika ia memiliki daya laku dan daya guna atau telah diundangkan.[1] Di sisi lain, putusan pengadilan pun wajib diikuti oleh para pihak yang perkaranya telah diputuskan oleh hakim berdasarkan putusan yang berkekuatan hukum tetap. Hal ini seperti yang tertuang dalam Penjelasan Pasal 195 HIR bahwa dalam perkara perdata berdasarkan putusan hakim, pihak yang menang dapat menghukum lawannya dengan alat-alat yang diperbolehkan undang-undang untuk memaksa lawannya mematuhi putusan hakim itu.Menurut Sudikno Mertokusumo putusan hakim merupakan suatu pernyataan hakim sebagai pejabat negara yang berwenang untuk mengakhiri atau menyelesaikan perkara hukum.[2] Putusan hakim memiliki kekuatan untuk menciptakan atau meniadakan suatu keadaan hukum.[3] Oleh karenanya, antara peraturan pemerintah dan putusan pengadilan sama-sama wajib untuk diikuti. Kendati demikian, putusan pengadilan hanya akan mengikat para pihak yang disebutkan dalam putusan yang bersangkutan.Indonesia sebagai negara yang menganut sistem civil law erat kaitannya dengan hakim sebagai corong undang-undang. Namun, Indonesia juga turut menggunakan hukum adat maupun hukum Islam. Untuk mengakomodir hal tersebut, UU Kekuasaan Kehakiman memberikan kewenangan hakim untuk memutuskan suatu perkara dengan dasar peraturan perundang-undangan atau sumber hukum tidak tertulis. Hakim pun dapat mengadili, mengikuti, dan memahami nilai-nilai hukum dan rasa keadilan yang hidup dalam masyarakat.[4] Oleh karenanya, putusan pengadilan memang harus merujuk pada bunyi pasal, namun tidak menutup kemungkinan bahwa hakim dapat menentukan lain dari peraturan perundang-undangan sebagai pertimbangan pada alasan dan dasar putusannya.Menyambung yang Anda tanyakan, perkara tentang pembagian gaji PNS cerai merujuk pada Pasal 8 PP 45/1990 terdapat perbedaan ketentuan pembagian gaji PNS cerai antara pria atau wanita yang berkehendak bercerai.Baca juga: Pembagian Gaji setelah Perceraian PNSSyarat perceraian PNS atas kehendak PNS pria wajib menyerahkan sebagian gajinya untuk penghidupan bekas istri dan anak-anaknya.[5] Namun demikian, syarat perceraian PNS ini memiliki pengecualian, jika istri yang meminta bercerai atau karena alasan perceraian disebabkan karena istri berzinah, melakukan kekejaman atau penganiayaan berat baik lahir maupun batin terhadap suami, menjadi pemabuk, pemadat, dan penjudi yang sukar disembuhkan, telah meninggalkan suami selama 2 tahun berturut-turut tanpa izin suami dan tanpa alasan yang sah atau karena hal lain di luar kemampuannya, maka pembagian gaji PNS cerai dari pihak suami tidak diberikan kepadanya.[6]Kembali ke pertanyaan Anda, majelis hakim memutuskan perceraian PNS suami dan istri masing-masing menafkahi 50% dari kebutuhan anak. Hal ini tentu bertentangan dengan ketentuan di atas.Oleh karenanya, kami menyarankan agar Anda perlu menelusuri bunyi ketentuan Pasal 41 UU Perkawinan. Baik ibu atau bapak tetap berkewajiban memelihara dan mendidik anak-anaknya, semata-mata berdasarkan kepentingan anak. Bapak yang bertanggung jawab atas semua biaya pemeliharaan dan pendidikan anak, bilamana bapak tidak dapat memenuhi kewajibannya, Pengadilan dapat menentukan ibu ikut memikul biaya.[7] Artinya, kewajiban memelihara anak terdapat pada istri maupun suami.Lebih lanjut, SEMA 3/2018 pada rumusan hukum kamar agama disebutkan hakim dalam menetapkan nafkah madhiyah, nafkah iddah, mut’ah, dan nafkah anak, harus mempertimbangkan rasa keadilan dan kepatutan dengan menggali fakta kemampuan ekonomi suami dan fakta kebutuhan dasar istri dan/atau anak (hal. 14).Sehingga, ada kemungkinan hakim dapat menentukan besaran nafkah kepada anak atau suami dan/atau istri berdasarkan rasa keadilan dan kepatutan dengan menggali fakta kemampuan ekonomi suami dan kebutuhan dasar anak.Maka dari itu, kami berpandangan hakim dapat saja berpedoman pada Pasal 41 UU Perkawinan daripada ketentuan Pasal 8 PP 45/1990 tentang pembagian gaji PNS cerai, dengan berdasarkan pertimbangan keadilan dan kepatutan. Jadi, mantan pasangan suami dan istri PNS tersebut harus patuh dan tunduk pada amar putusan pengadilan yang telah berkekuatan hukum tetap.  Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUMHerzien Inlandsch Reglement (H.I.R)Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang PerkawinanUndang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang PerkawinanUndang-Undang Nomor 48 Tahun 2009 tentang Kekuasaan KehakimanUndang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undanganUndang-Undang Nomor 15 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undanganUndang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2022 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undanganPeraturan Pemerintah Nomor 10 Tahun 1983 tentang Izin Perkawinan dan Perceraian Bagi Pegawai Negeri SipilPeraturan Pemerintah Nomor 45 Tahun 1990 tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 10 Tahun 1983 tentang Izin Perkawinan dan Perceraian Bagi Pegawai Negeri SipilSurat Edaran Mahkamah Agung Nomor 3 Tahun 2018 tentang Pemberlakuan Rumusan Hasil Rapat Pleno Kamar Mahkamah Agung Tahun 2018 Sebagai Pedoman Pelaksanaan Tugas Bagi Pengadilan REFERENSIMaria Farida Indrati, Ilmu Perundang-Undangan: Jenis, Fungsi, dan Materi Muatan, Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 2020;M. Yahya Harahap, Hukum Acara Perdata tentang Gugatan, Persidangan, Penyitaan, Pembuktian, dan Putusan Pengadilan, Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2017;Sudikno Mertokusumo, Hukum Acara Perdata Indonesia, Yogyakarta: Liberty, 2006.[1] Maria Farida Indrati, Ilmu Perundang-Undangan: Jenis, Fungsi, dan Materi Muatan, Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 2020, hal. 41 jo. Pasal 81 dan Pasal 82 Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan[2] Sudikno Mertokusumo, Hukum Acara Perdata Indonesia, Yogyakarta: Liberty, 2006, hal. 158[3] M. Yahya Harahap, Hukum Acara Perdata tentang Gugatan, Persidangan, Penyitaan, Pembuktian, dan Putusan Pengadilan, Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2017, hal. 887[4] Pasal 5 ayat (1) jo. Pasal 50 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 48 Tahun 2009 tentang Kekuasaan Kehakiman[5] Pasal 8 ayat (1) Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 45 Tahun 1990 tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 10 Tahun 1983 tentang Izin Perkawinan dan Perceraian Bagi Pegawai Negeri Sipil  (“PP 45/1990”)[6] Pasal 8 ayat (4) dan (5) PP 45/1990[7] Pasal 41 huruf a dan b Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang PerkawinanTagsceraigugat cerainafkahpns
Suami dan istri yang keduanya PNS bercerai. Mereka memiliki seorang anak. Menurut putusan disebutkan baik masing-masing suami dan istri menafkahi anak sebesar 50% dari kebutuhan anak. Namun Pasal 8 PP 45/1990 menyebutkan bahwa PNS wajib membayar sepertiga dari gajinya untuk menafkahi anak. Yang ingin kami tanyakan, mana yg wajib dan harus diikuti, apakah bunyi amar putusan pengadilan atau seharusnya merujuk pada PP? Bukankah putusan seharusnya merujuk pada bunyi ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan? Mohon pencerahannya.
Peraturan Pemerintah (“PP”) merupakan salah satu jenis dari peraturan perundang-undangan yang wajib untuk dipatuhi apabila diundangkan. Putusan pengadilan pun wajib diikuti oleh para pihak yang bersengketa. Dalam putusan pengadilan tidak didasarkan pada ketentuan yang diatur dalam PP, bagaimana hukumnya?   Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Hak Istri Setelah Cerai Menurut Islam 17 Mei 2024Hak Asuh Anak Jika Cerai karena Pindah Agama20 Feb 2023Cara Mengurus Surat Cerai Tanpa Buku Nikah16 Feb 2023Istri Gugat Cerai Suami Menolak, Dapatkah Akta Cerai Terbit?12 Jan 2023Hak Istri Setelah Cerai Menurut Islam 17 Mei 2024Hak Asuh Anak Jika Cerai karena Pindah Agama20 Feb 2023Cara Mengurus Surat Cerai Tanpa Buku Nikah16 Feb 2023Istri Gugat Cerai Suami Menolak, Dapatkah Akta Cerai Terbit?12 Jan 2023Pasal Penipuan Online untuk Menjerat Pelaku27 Des 2022Ingin Rujuk, Begini Cara Cabut Gugatan Cerai di Pengadilan1 Sep 2023Tips Cicil Rumah dengan KPR Agar Terhindar Risiko Hukum2 Apr 2024Pasal Penipuan Online untuk Menjerat Pelaku27 Des 2022Ingin Rujuk, Begini Cara Cabut Gugatan Cerai di Pengadilan1 Sep 2023Tips Cicil Rumah dengan KPR Agar Terhindar Risiko Hukum2 Apr 2024
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/putusan-pembagian-gaji-pns-yang-cerai-lt62cce73b76bf5/
Bolehkah Putusan Pembagian Gaji PNS yang Cerai Tak Sesuai Aturan?
pages/157/page-1.html
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[ #### Hak Istri Setelah Cerai Menurut Islam ](/klinik/a/hak-istri-setelah-cerai-menurut-islam-lt5e7315368865f/) ![Hak Istri Setelah Cerai Menurut Islam ](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt5e7315368865f/thumbnail_lt61cda288282de.jpg) 17 Mei 2024 [ #### Hak Asuh Anak Jika Cerai karena Pindah Agama ](/klinik/a/cerai-karena-pindah-agama-lt553a3f8e7d51d/) ![Hak Asuh Anak Jika Cerai karena Pindah Agama](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt553a3f8e7d51d/thumbnail_lt6310a984cb15d.jpg) 20 Feb 2023 [ #### Cara Mengurus Surat Cerai Tanpa Buku Nikah ](/klinik/a/cerai-tanpa-buku-nikah-lt5d0c41eb3bc40/) ![Cara Mengurus Surat Cerai Tanpa Buku Nikah](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt5d0c41eb3bc40/thumbnail_lt5d143669a9c63.jpg) 16 Feb 2023 [ #### Istri Gugat Cerai Suami Menolak, Dapatkah Akta Cerai Terbit? ](/klinik/a/istri-gugat-cerai-suami-menolak%20-lt51dab90028cba/) ![Istri Gugat Cerai Suami Menolak, Dapatkah Akta Cerai Terbit?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt51dab90028cba/thumbnail_lt63bfe54f5cc88.jpg) 12 Jan 2023 [](#!) Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Peraturan pemerintah merupakan salah satu bentuk dari peraturan perundang-undangan yang wajib dipatuhi terlebih jika ia memiliki daya laku dan daya guna atau telah diundangkan.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Di sisi lain, putusan pengadilan pun wajib diikuti oleh para pihak yang perkaranya telah diputuskan oleh hakim berdasarkan putusan yang berkekuatan hukum tetap. Hal ini seperti yang tertuang dalam **Penjelasan Pasal 195 [HIR](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/27228/nprt/2/herzien-inlandsch-reglement-\(h.i.r\)-\(s.-1941-44\)-reglemen-indonesia-yang-diperbaharui-\(r.i.b.\)?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=hir)** bahwa dalam perkara perdata berdasarkan putusan hakim, pihak yang menang dapat menghukum lawannya dengan alat-alat yang diperbolehkan undang-undang untuk memaksa lawannya mematuhi putusan hakim itu. Menurut **Sudikno Mertokusumo** putusan hakim merupakan suatu pernyataan hakim sebagai pejabat negara yang berwenang untuk mengakhiri atau menyelesaikan perkara hukum.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Putusan hakim memiliki kekuatan untuk menciptakan atau meniadakan suatu keadaan hukum.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Oleh karenanya, antara peraturan pemerintah dan putusan pengadilan sama-sama wajib untuk diikuti. Kendati demikian, putusan pengadilan hanya akan mengikat para pihak yang disebutkan dalam putusan yang bersangkutan. Indonesia sebagai negara yang menganut sistem _civil law_ erat kaitannya dengan hakim sebagai corong undang-undang. Namun, Indonesia juga turut menggunakan hukum adat maupun hukum Islam. Untuk mengakomodir hal tersebut, **[UU Kekuasaan Kehakiman](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4b01297e9d172/undangundang-nomor-48-tahun-2009?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_48_2009)** memberikan kewenangan hakim untuk memutuskan suatu perkara dengan dasar peraturan perundang-undangan atau sumber hukum tidak tertulis. Hakim pun dapat mengadili, mengikuti, dan memahami nilai-nilai hukum dan rasa keadilan yang hidup dalam masyarakat.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) Oleh karenanya, putusan pengadilan memang harus merujuk pada bunyi pasal, namun tidak menutup kemungkinan bahwa hakim dapat menentukan lain dari peraturan perundang-undangan sebagai pertimbangan pada alasan dan dasar putusannya. Menyambung yang Anda tanyakan, perkara tentang pembagian gaji PNS cerai merujuk pada **Pasal 8 PP 45/1990** terdapat perbedaan ketentuan pembagian gaji PNS cerai antara pria atau wanita yang berkehendak bercerai. Baca juga: **[Pembagian Gaji setelah Perceraian PNS](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/perceraian-pns-lt565bb4b997550/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pns_cerai)** Syarat perceraian PNS atas kehendak PNS pria wajib menyerahkan sebagian gajinya untuk penghidupan bekas istri dan anak-anaknya.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) Namun demikian, syarat perceraian PNS ini memiliki pengecualian, jika istri yang meminta bercerai atau karena alasan perceraian disebabkan karena istri berzinah, melakukan kekejaman atau penganiayaan berat baik lahir maupun batin terhadap suami, menjadi pemabuk, pemadat, dan penjudi yang sukar disembuhkan, telah meninggalkan suami selama 2 tahun berturut-turut tanpa izin suami dan tanpa alasan yang sah atau karena hal lain di luar kemampuannya, maka pembagian gaji PNS cerai dari pihak suami tidak diberikan kepadanya.[\[6\]](#_ftn6) Kembali ke pertanyaan Anda, majelis hakim memutuskan perceraian PNS suami dan istri masing-masing menafkahi 50% dari kebutuhan anak. Hal ini tentu bertentangan dengan ketentuan di atas. Oleh karenanya, kami menyarankan agar Anda perlu menelusuri bunyi ketentuan **Pasal 41 UU Perkawinan**. Baik ibu atau bapak tetap berkewajiban memelihara dan mendidik anak-anaknya, semata-mata berdasarkan kepentingan anak. Bapak yang bertanggung jawab atas semua biaya pemeliharaan dan pendidikan anak, bilamana bapak tidak dapat memenuhi kewajibannya, Pengadilan dapat menentukan ibu ikut memikul biaya.[\[7\]](#_ftn7) Artinya, kewajiban memelihara anak terdapat pada istri maupun suami. Lebih lanjut, **[SEMA 3/2018](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5c0a36dec61b7/nprt/647/surat-edaran-mahkamah-agung-nomor-3-tahun-2018?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=SEMA_3_2018)** pada rumusan hukum kamar agama disebutkan hakim dalam menetapkan nafkah _madhiyah,_ nafkah _iddah, mut’ah,_ dan nafkah anak, harus mempertimbangkan rasa keadilan dan kepatutan dengan menggali fakta kemampuan ekonomi suami dan fakta kebutuhan dasar istri dan/atau anak (hal. 14). Sehingga, ada kemungkinan hakim dapat menentukan besaran nafkah kepada anak atau suami dan/atau istri berdasarkan rasa keadilan dan kepatutan dengan menggali fakta kemampuan ekonomi suami dan kebutuhan dasar anak. Maka dari itu, kami berpandangan hakim dapat saja berpedoman pada Pasal 41 UU Perkawinan daripada ketentuan Pasal 8 PP 45/1990 tentang pembagian gaji PNS cerai, dengan berdasarkan pertimbangan keadilan dan kepatutan. Jadi, mantan pasangan suami dan istri PNS tersebut harus patuh dan tunduk pada amar putusan pengadilan yang telah berkekuatan hukum tetap.  Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Herzien Inlandsch Reglement (H.I.R) [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/27228/nprt/2/herzien-inlandsch-reglement-\(h.i.r\)-\(s.-1941-44\)-reglemen-indonesia-yang-diperbaharui-\(r.i.b.\)?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=hir) Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26834/node/18/uu-no-1-tahun-1974-perkawinan?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_Perkawinan) Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5dafedf4cd014/undang-undang-nomor-16-tahun-2019?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_16_2019) Undang-Undang Nomor 48 Tahun 2009 tentang Kekuasaan Kehakiman [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4b01297e9d172/undangundang-nomor-48-tahun-2009?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_48_2009) Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4e573e59d0487/nprt/lt4d50fbec8b2ce/uu-no-12-tahun-2011-pembentukan-peraturan-perundang-undangan?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_12_2011) Undang-Undang Nomor 15 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5da039a94937f?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_15_2019) Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2022 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt62b01b9e7e96e/undang-undang-nomor-13-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_13_2022) Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 10 Tahun 1983 tentang Izin Perkawinan dan Perceraian Bagi Pegawai Negeri Sipil [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17600/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-10-tahun-1983/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_10_1983) Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 45 Tahun 1990 tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 10 Tahun 1983 tentang Izin Perkawinan dan Perceraian Bagi Pegawai Negeri Sipil [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4bab22c0d2e33?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_45_1990) Surat Edaran Mahkamah Agung Nomor 3 Tahun 2018 tentang Pemberlakuan Rumusan Hasil Rapat Pleno Kamar Mahkamah Agung Tahun 2018 Sebagai Pedoman Pelaksanaan Tugas Bagi Pengadilan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5c0a36dec61b7/nprt/647/surat-edaran-mahkamah-agung-nomor-3-tahun-2018?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=SEMA_3_2018) REFERENSI --------- 1. Maria Farida Indrati, _Ilmu Perundang-Undangan: Jenis, Fungsi, dan Materi Muatan,_ Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 2020; 2. M. Yahya Harahap, _Hukum Acara Perdata tentang Gugatan, Persidangan, Penyitaan, Pembuktian, dan Putusan Pengadilan,_ Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2017; 3. Sudikno Mertokusumo, _Hukum Acara Perdata Indonesia,_ Yogyakarta: Liberty, 2006. * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Maria Farida Indrati, _Ilmu Perundang-Undangan: Jenis, Fungsi, dan Materi Muatan,_ Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 2020, hal. 41 _jo._ Pasal 81 dan Pasal 82 [Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4e573e59d0487/nprt/lt4d50fbec8b2ce/uu-no-12-tahun-2011-pembentukan-peraturan-perundang-undangan?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_12_2011) [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Sudikno Mertokusumo, _Hukum Acara Perdata Indonesia,_ Yogyakarta: Liberty, 2006, hal. 158 [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) M. Yahya Harahap, _Hukum Acara Perdata tentang Gugatan, Persidangan, Penyitaan, Pembuktian, dan Putusan Pengadilan,_ Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2017, hal. 887 [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 5 ayat (1) _jo._ Pasal 50 ayat (1) [Undang-Undang Nomor 48 Tahun 2009 tentang Kekuasaan Kehakiman](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4b01297e9d172/undangundang-nomor-48-tahun-2009?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_48_2009) [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Pasal 8 ayat (1) [Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 45 Tahun 1990 tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 10 Tahun 1983 tentang Izin Perkawinan dan Perceraian Bagi Pegawai Negeri Sipil](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4bab22c0d2e33?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_45_1990)  (“PP 45/1990”) [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Pasal 8 ayat (4) dan (5) PP 45/1990 [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Pasal 41 huruf a dan b [Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26834/node/18/uu-no-1-tahun-1974-perkawinan?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_Perkawinan) Tags ---- [cerai](/tag/cerai) [gugat cerai](/tag/gugat-cerai) [nafkah](/tag/nafkah) [pns](/tag/pns)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. KLINIK TERKAITSyarat Warisan Bebas Pajak16 Feb 2024Apakah Hak Guna Bangunan Dikenakan BPHTB?09 Nov 2022Cara Mudah Hitung Pajak Hadiah13 Jul 2021Jual-Beli Tanah, Begini Rumus Hitung BPHTB28 Jun 2021Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul Yang Bisa Dilakukan Jika Ada Kejanggalan Pemotongan Pajak yang dibuat oleh Ikatan Kuasa Hukum dan Advokat Pajak Indonesia (IKHAPI) dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Rabu, 14 Juli 2021. Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika. PBJT untuk RestoranSebelum menjawab pertanyaan Anda, terlebih dahulu kami menjelaskan pengertian restoran adalah fasilitas penyediaan layanan makanan dan/atau minuman dengan dipungut bayaran.[1] Sementara makanan dan/atau minuman adalah makanan dan/atau minuman yang disediakan, dijual dan/atau diserahkan, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung, atau melalui pesanan oleh restoran.[2]Pajak yang dibayarkan oleh konsumen akhir atas konsumsi barang dan/atau jasa tertentu disebut dengan Pajak Barang dan Jasa Tertentu (“PBJT”).[3] Objek PBJT merupakan penjualan, penyerahan, dan/atau konsumsi barang dan jasa tertentu yang salah satunya adalah makanan dan/atau minuman.[4]Penjualan dan/atau penyerahan makanan dan/atau minuman meliputi makanan dan/atau minuman yang disediakan oleh restoran yang paling sedikit menyediakan layanan penyajian makanan dan/atau minuman berupa meja, kursi, dan/atau peralatan makan dan minum.[5]  Adapun wajib pajak PBJT adalah orang pribadi atau badan yang melakukan penjualan, penyerahan, dan/atau konsumsi barang dan jasa tertentu.[6] Tarif PBJT ditetapkan paling tinggi sebesar 10%, sedangkan khusus tarif PBJT atas jasa hiburan pada diskotek, karaoke, kelab malam, bar, dan mandi uap/spa ditetapkan paling rendah 40% dan paling tinggi 75%.[7]Dalam Penjelasan Pasal 51 ayat (1) huruf a UU 1/2022 mencontohkan toko roti dengan merek dagang B pada mal X di kota Z melakukan penjualan roti dan minuman kepada konsumen. Roti diproduksi dari tempat lain (pabrik roti), kemudian didistribusikan melalui toko roti B untuk dijual kepada konsumen. Untuk meningkatkan pelayanannya kepada konsumen, toko roti B menyediakan meja dan kursi kepada konsumen untuk menyantap di tempat. Oleh karena itu, toko roti dimaksud merupakan restoran sehingga atas penjualan roti dan minuman yang dilakukan terutang PBJT bukan objek pajak pertambahan nilai.Maka, kami mengasumsikan bahwa pemotongan 10% atas gross revenue sebagaimana Anda maksud merupakan PBJT atau yang lebih dikenal dengan pajak restoran, yaitu pajak atas orang pribadi atau badan yang melakukan penjualan, penyerahan, dan/atau konsumsi barang dan jasa tertentu yang disediakan oleh restoran. Cara Menghitung PBJTSebagai gambaran cara menghitung PBJT, berdasarkan artikel Cara Menghitung Pajak Restoran, disebutkan besaran pokok PBJT yang terutang dihitung dengan cara mengalikan dasar pengenaan PBJT dengan tarif PBJT.[8] Besaran Pokok PBJT: Dasar pengenaan PBJT x Tarif PBJTKeterangan:Dasar pengenaan PJBT (nominal pembayaran yang diterima/dipungut sesuai dengan struk atau dokumen lainnya yang sejenis). Misalnya biaya makan di restoran sebesar Rp70 juta.Tarif PJBT sebesar 10%.Maka, hitungan PBJT atas makanan dan minuman di restoran atau yang dikenal dengan pajak restoran: Rp70 juta x 10% = Rp7 juta. Pajak restoran atau PBJT yang telah terhitung nantinya akan tercantum pada struk. Jika Ada Indikasi Pelanggaran PajakMenjawab pertanyaan Anda, sebagai seorang manajer dalam hal menemukan kejanggalan pelanggaran pajak sebagaimana diceritakan, Anda dapat mengambil langkah-langkah berikut ini.Lakukan cek laporan keuangan perusahaan/gross revenue;Lihat laporan PBJT atas bar dan restoran yang Anda kelola;Apabila tidak ada pelaporan pajak, maka Anda bisa meminta bantuan Dinas Pendapatan Daerah (Dispenda) untuk mendapatkan informasi pelaporan pembayaran pajak. Sebab, PBJT merupakan jenis pajak kabupaten/kota;[9]Apabila ditemukan adanya penggelapan pajak, Anda bisa meminta bantuan pemegang saham untuk mendiskusikan masalah perpajakan;Anda dapat meminta dilakukan audit eksternal atas laporan keuangan.Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUMUndang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2022 tentang Hubungan Keuangan antara Pemerintah Pusat dan Pemerintahan Daerah.[1] Pasal 1 angka 45 Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2022 tentang Hubungan Keuangan antara Pemerintah Pusat dan Pemerintahan Daerah (“UU 1/2022”)[2] Pasal 1 angka 44 UU 1/2022[3] Pasal 1 angka 42 UU 1/2022[4] Pasal 50 UU 1/2022[5] Pasal 51 ayat (1) huruf a UU 1/2022[6] Pasal 56 ayat (2) UU 1/2022[7] Pasal 58 ayat (1) dan (2) UU 1/2022[8] Pasal 59 ayat (1) UU 1/2022[9] Pasal 4 ayat (2) huruf c UU 1/2022Tagshukum pajakpajakrestoran
Saya seorang manager bar & restaurant yang mana pemilik pertama (pihak pertama) adalah investor modal dengan 65% saham (WNA), pemilik kedua (pihak kedua) yaitu pemilik tanah dengan 25% saham (WNI), dan pemilik ketiga (pihak ketiga) adalah pengelola management yang mempekerjakan saya dengan 15% saham (WNI). Pembagian keuntungan sesuai persentase kepemilikan saham, namun saya menemukan kejanggalan, karna pengelola management (pihak ketiga) memotong 10% pajak dari gross revenue, tapi usaha ini tidak pernah membayar pajak, dan tidak merincikannya. Dia tidak menagih dalam bill belanja tamu, tapi dalam laporan keuangan kepada owner lain, dia memotong terlebih dahulu pajak, yang sebenarnya tidak ada pembayaran pajak. Artinya, dia memotong 10% itu masuk ke sakunya, namun tidak diketahui pihak pertama dan pihak kedua karena tidak dirincikan pada laporan. Sebagai manager apa yang bisa saya lakukan? Berhakkah saya menuntutnya karena tahu dia telah menipu? Atau yang berhak menuntut hanya pihak pertama dan kedua saja?
Kami mengasumsikan bahwa pemotongan 10% atas gross revenue pada restoran sebagaimana Anda maksud merupakan Pajak Barang dan Jasa Tertentu (“PBJT”) atau yang biasa disebut dengan pajak restoran. Lantas, jika menemukan kejanggalan dalam pembayaran pajak restoran atau PBJT, hal apa yang bisa dilakukan oleh Anda selaku manajer bar dan restoran?   Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Syarat Warisan Bebas Pajak16 Feb 2024Apakah Hak Guna Bangunan Dikenakan BPHTB?09 Nov 2022Cara Mudah Hitung Pajak Hadiah13 Jul 2021Jual-Beli Tanah, Begini Rumus Hitung BPHTB28 Jun 2021Syarat Warisan Bebas Pajak16 Feb 2024Apakah Hak Guna Bangunan Dikenakan BPHTB?09 Nov 2022Cara Mudah Hitung Pajak Hadiah13 Jul 2021Jual-Beli Tanah, Begini Rumus Hitung BPHTB28 Jun 2021Konversi Utang Jadi Setoran Saham, Ini Caranya14 Sep 2022Begini Cara Hitung Upah Lembur Pada Hari Raya Keagamaan12 Apr 2023Cara Pindah Kewarganegaraan WNI Menjadi WNA25 Mar 2024Konversi Utang Jadi Setoran Saham, Ini Caranya14 Sep 2022Begini Cara Hitung Upah Lembur Pada Hari Raya Keagamaan12 Apr 2023Cara Pindah Kewarganegaraan WNI Menjadi WNA25 Mar 2024
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/jika-ada-indikasi-pelanggaran-pajak-restoran-lakukan-ini-lt6075d18c80a25/
Jika Ada Indikasi Pelanggaran Pajak Restoran, Lakukan Ini
pages/157/page-2.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Syarat Warisan Bebas Pajak ](/klinik/a/syarat-warisan-bebas-pajak-lt60109bb114657/) ![Syarat Warisan Bebas Pajak](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt60109bb114657/thumbnail_lt60c0564928d7d.jpg) 16 Feb 2024 [ #### Apakah Hak Guna Bangunan Dikenakan BPHTB? ](/klinik/a/apakah-hak-guna-bangunan-dikenakan-bphtb-cl5346/) ![Apakah Hak Guna Bangunan Dikenakan BPHTB?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/cl5346/thumbnail_lt6073fe245f13c.jpg) 09 Nov 2022 [ #### Cara Mudah Hitung Pajak Hadiah ](/klinik/a/cara-mudah-hitung-pajak-hadiah-lt6058bf3c9d104/) ![Cara Mudah Hitung Pajak Hadiah](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt6058bf3c9d104/thumbnail_lt60ed757eeee04.jpg) 13 Jul 2021 [ #### Jual-Beli Tanah, Begini Rumus Hitung BPHTB ](/klinik/a/jual-beli-tanah--begini-rumus-hitung-bphtb-lt60109bb92a261/) ![Jual-Beli Tanah, Begini Rumus Hitung BPHTB](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt60109bb92a261/thumbnail_lt60d9bb944edc8.jpg) 28 Jun 2021 [](#!) **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul _Yang Bisa Dilakukan Jika Ada Kejanggalan Pemotongan Pajak_ yang dibuat oleh** **[Ikatan Kuasa Hukum dan Advokat Pajak Indonesia (IKHAPI)](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/ikatan-kuasa-hukum-dan-advokat-pajak-indonesia-ikhapi-lt5e5786ec79902/ikatan-kuasa-hukum-dan-advokat-pajak-indonesia-ikhapi-lt5e57892e220b1)** **dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Rabu, 14 Juli 2021.** Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **PBJT untuk Restoran** Sebelum menjawab pertanyaan Anda, terlebih dahulu kami menjelaskan pengertian restoran adalah fasilitas penyediaan layanan makanan dan/atau minuman dengan dipungut bayaran.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Sementara makanan dan/atau minuman adalah makanan dan/atau minuman yang disediakan, dijual dan/atau diserahkan, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung, atau melalui pesanan oleh restoran.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Pajak yang dibayarkan oleh konsumen akhir atas konsumsi barang dan/atau jasa tertentu disebut dengan Pajak Barang dan Jasa Tertentu (“PBJT”).[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Objek PBJT merupakan penjualan, penyerahan, dan/atau konsumsi barang dan jasa tertentu yang salah satunya adalah makanan dan/atau minuman.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) Penjualan dan/atau penyerahan makanan dan/atau minuman meliputi makanan dan/atau minuman yang disediakan oleh restoran yang paling sedikit menyediakan layanan penyajian makanan dan/atau minuman berupa meja, kursi, dan/atau peralatan makan dan minum.[\[5\]](#_ftn5)   Adapun wajib pajak PBJT adalah orang pribadi atau badan yang melakukan penjualan, penyerahan, dan/atau konsumsi barang dan jasa tertentu.[\[6\]](#_ftn6) Tarif PBJT ditetapkan paling tinggi sebesar 10%, sedangkan khusus tarif PBJT atas jasa hiburan pada diskotek, karaoke, kelab malam, bar, dan mandi uap/spa ditetapkan paling rendah 40% dan paling tinggi 75%.[\[7\]](#_ftn7) Dalam **Penjelasan** **Pasal 51 ayat (1) huruf a** **[UU 1/2022](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt61de861d5698c/undang-undang-nomor-1-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_1_2022)** mencontohkan toko roti dengan merek dagang B pada mal X di kota Z melakukan penjualan roti dan minuman kepada konsumen. Roti diproduksi dari tempat lain (pabrik roti), kemudian didistribusikan melalui toko roti B untuk dijual kepada konsumen. Untuk meningkatkan pelayanannya kepada konsumen, toko roti B menyediakan meja dan kursi kepada konsumen untuk menyantap di tempat. Oleh karena itu, toko roti dimaksud merupakan restoran sehingga atas penjualan roti dan minuman yang dilakukan terutang PBJT bukan objek pajak pertambahan nilai. Maka, kami mengasumsikan bahwa pemotongan 10% atas _gross revenue_ sebagaimana Anda maksud merupakan PBJT atau yang lebih dikenal dengan pajak restoran, yaitu pajak atas orang pribadi atau badan yang melakukan penjualan, penyerahan, dan/atau konsumsi barang dan jasa tertentu yang disediakan oleh restoran. ### **Cara Menghitung PBJT** Sebagai gambaran cara menghitung PBJT, berdasarkan artikel **[Cara Menghitung Pajak Restoran](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/cara-menghitung-biaya-pajak-restoran-lt5faba191bbdee?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=Cara_Menghitung_Biaya_Pajak_Restoran)**, disebutkan besaran pokok PBJT yang terutang dihitung dengan cara mengalikan dasar pengenaan PBJT dengan tarif PBJT.[\[8\]](#_ftn8)  _Besaran Pokok PBJT: Dasar pengenaan PBJT x Tarif PBJT_ Keterangan: 1. Dasar pengenaan PJBT (nominal pembayaran yang diterima/dipungut sesuai dengan struk atau dokumen lainnya yang sejenis). Misalnya biaya makan di restoran sebesar Rp70 juta. 2. Tarif PJBT sebesar 10%. Maka, hitungan PBJT atas makanan dan minuman di restoran atau yang dikenal dengan pajak restoran: Rp70 juta x 10% = **Rp7 juta**. Pajak restoran atau PBJT yang telah terhitung nantinya akan tercantum pada struk. ### **Jika Ada Indikasi Pelanggaran Pajak** Menjawab pertanyaan Anda, sebagai seorang manajer dalam hal menemukan kejanggalan pelanggaran pajak sebagaimana diceritakan, Anda dapat mengambil langkah-langkah berikut ini. 1. Lakukan cek laporan keuangan perusahaan/_gross revenue_; 2. Lihat laporan PBJT atas bar dan restoran yang Anda kelola; 3. Apabila tidak ada pelaporan pajak, maka Anda bisa meminta bantuan Dinas Pendapatan Daerah (Dispenda) untuk mendapatkan informasi pelaporan pembayaran pajak. Sebab, PBJT merupakan jenis pajak kabupaten/kota;[\[9\]](#_ftn9) 4. Apabila ditemukan adanya penggelapan pajak, Anda bisa meminta bantuan pemegang saham untuk mendiskusikan masalah perpajakan; 5. Anda dapat meminta dilakukan audit eksternal atas laporan keuangan. Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- [Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2022 tentang Hubungan Keuangan antara Pemerintah Pusat dan Pemerintahan Daerah](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt61de861d5698c/undang-undang-nomor-1-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_1_2022). * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Pasal 1 angka 45 [Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2022 tentang Hubungan Keuangan antara Pemerintah Pusat dan Pemerintahan Daerah](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt61de861d5698c/undang-undang-nomor-1-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_1_2022) (“UU 1/2022”) [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal 1 angka 44 UU 1/2022 [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 1 angka 42 UU 1/2022 [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 50 UU 1/2022 [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Pasal 51 ayat (1) huruf a UU 1/2022 [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Pasal 56 ayat (2) UU 1/2022 [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Pasal 58 ayat (1) dan (2) UU 1/2022 [\[8\]](#_ftnref8) Pasal 59 ayat (1) UU 1/2022 [\[9\]](#_ftnref9) Pasal 4 ayat (2) huruf c UU 1/2022 Tags ---- [hukum pajak](/tag/hukum-pajak) [pajak](/tag/pajak) [restoran](/tag/restoran)
ULASAN LENGKAPThis article is an English translation of Nekat Pakai Pelat Nomor Palsu Bisa Dijerat Pidana Ini written by Bernadetha Aurelia Oktavira, S.H., and was published on Thursday, 9 March 2023. This article below is an update of the article entitled Penalties for Users of Fake Number Plates (Hukuman bagi Pengguna Pelat Kendaraan Nomor Palsu) which was first written by Tri Jata Ayu Pramesti, S.H. and was first published on Monday, 24 March 2014. All legal information available on Klinik hukumonline.com has been prepared for educational purposes only and is general in nature (read the complete Disclaimer). In order to obtain legal advice specific to your case, please consult with Justika Partner Consultant.Provisions on Vehicle Number Plate In the practice of traffic, it is not uncommon to find various traffic violations. Not only Indonesian Citizens (Warga Negara Indonesia/ “WNI”), but traffic violations are also committed by Foreign Citizens (Warga Negara Asing/ "WNA") or foreigners. One of the most common violations is the use of fake number plates. As recently gone viral, a number of photos have been captured that show foreigners using fake number plates.Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas It should be noted that the provisions on vehicle number plates under Law 22/2009 are known as Number Plates/ License Plates. Every motor vehicle which is operated on the road must be equipped with a Vehicle Registration Certificate (Surat Tanda Nomor Kendaraan/ “STNK”) and a Number Plate (Tanda Nomor Kendaraan Bermotor/ “TNKB”).[1]Number Plates contain area code, registration number, and validity period and must fulfill the requirements of shape, size, material, color, and installation method.Further provisions on Number Plates are regulated under the Regulation of the Indonesian National Police 7/2021.According to Article 1 number 11 Regulation of the Indonesian National Police 7/2021, Number Plates or TNKB is a registration and identification mark of a motor vehicle that functions as proof of the legitimacy of the operation of a motor vehicle in the form of plates or other materials with certain specifications issued by the Indonesian National Police. From this, it is clear that official Number Plates are only issued by the Indonesian National Police.As an information, the black-and-white license plate has now been applied. What is a black-and-white plate? The colors of Number Plates are currently:[2]white, black writing for motor vehicles used by individuals, legal entities, Foreign State Representatives (Perwakilan Negara Asing/ “PNA”), and international agencies;yellow, black writing for public motor vehicles;red, white lettering for government agency motor vehicles; andgreen, black writing for motor vehicles in free trade areas that obtain import duty exemption facilities and based on the provisions of laws and regulations.Criminal Sanctions for the Use of Fake Number PlatesTherefore, if asked if it is allowed to use fake number plates? Of course, the use of fake number plates which are not issued by the Indonesian National Police is illegal and invalid, as well as the imposition of fines. How much is the fine for fake number plates? This is explicitly stated in Article 280 Law 22/2009 as follows.Any person who drives a Motor Vehicle on a Road that is not affixed with a Number Plate determined by the Indonesian National Police as referred to in Article 68 section (1) shall be subject to imprisonment for a maximum of 2 (two) months or a maximum fine of IDR 500,000. 00 (five hundred thousand rupiahs).Therefore, will fake number plates be ticketed? Regarding this matter, it is necessary to refer to the provisions on the examination of motor vehicles on the road, one of which is the examination of Number Plates which in Article 4 section (3) Government Regulation 80/2012 includes:technical specifications of vehicle number marks;validity period; andauthenticity.In relation to the authenticity of a number plate, a motor vehicle operated on the road without a valid Number Plate in accordance with the relevant Vehicle Registration Certificate/STNK or phony license plate is a criminal act which can be prosecuted by issuing a ticket.[3]Thus, in answer to your question, traffic violations in the form of using fake number plates, including foreigners who use fake number plates, can be sentenced to imprisonment for a maximum of 2 months or a maximum fine of IDR 500,000.Enrich your legal research with the latest bilingual legal analysis, as well as the collection of regulatory translations integrated into Hukumonline Pro, click here to learn more.These are the answers we can provide, we hope you will find them useful.Legal Basis:Law Number 22 of 2009 on Traffic and Road Transportation;Regulation of the Government in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation;Regulation of the Government Number 80 of 2012 on Motor Vehicle Examination Procedures on Road and Procedures for Traffic and Road Transportation Violations;Regulation of the Indonesian National Police Number 7 of 2021 on Motor Vehicle Registration and Identification.[1] Article 68 section (1) Law Number 22 of 2009 on Traffic and Road Transportation (“Law 22/2009”).[2] Article 45 section (1) Regulation of the Indonesian National Police Number 7 of 2021 on Motor Vehicle Registration and Identification (“Regulation of the Indonesian National Police 7/2021”).[3] Article 24 section (3) and the Elucidation Regulation of the Government Number 80 of 2012 on Motor Vehicle Examination Procedures on Road and Procedures for Traffic and Road Transportation Violations (“Government Regulation 80/2012”).Tagsklinik english edition
What is the law on motorcycle riders using fake number plates a.k.a not from the official police? Thank you.
It is common in traffic to encounter motor vehicle users using fake number plates, including foreigners who use phony number plates that have recently gone viral. This act is of course against the law. So, do fake number plates get a ticket? How much is the fine for fake number plates? Please read the review below for a further explanation. Cara Pindah Kewarganegaraan WNI Menjadi WNA25 Mar 2024Konversi Utang Jadi Setoran Saham, Ini Caranya14 Sep 2022Kiat-kiat Membeli Tanah Girik yang Aman4 Jun 2024Cara Pindah Kewarganegaraan WNI Menjadi WNA25 Mar 2024Konversi Utang Jadi Setoran Saham, Ini Caranya14 Sep 2022Kiat-kiat Membeli Tanah Girik yang Aman4 Jun 2024
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/using-fake-number-plates-can-be-charged-with-this-penalty-lt640ed50e8169c/
Using Fake Number Plates Can Be Charged with This Penalty
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- This article is an English translation of [**_Nekat Pakai Pelat Nomor Palsu Bisa Dijerat Pidana Ini_**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/pelat-nomor-palsu-lt53225c36df269?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=nekat_plat_nomor_palsu) written by [**Bernadetha Aurelia Oktavira, S.H.**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/bernadetha-aurelia-oktavira--sh-lt5d537b77ab8d5), and was published on Thursday, 9 March 2023. **This article below is an update of the article entitled Penalties for Users of Fake Number Plates (Hukuman bagi Pengguna Pelat Kendaraan Nomor Palsu) which was first written by** [**Tri Jata Ayu Pramesti, S.H.**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/tri-jata-ayu-pramesti--sh-lt5165540a9b53c) **and was first published on Monday, 24 March 2014.**  All legal information available on Klinik hukumonline.com has been prepared for educational purposes only and is general in nature (read the complete [**Disclaimer**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer)). In order to obtain legal advice specific to your case, please consult with [**Justika Partner Consultant**](https://www.justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Provisions on Vehicle Number Plate** In the practice of traffic, it is not uncommon to find various traffic violations. Not only Indonesian Citizens (Warga Negara Indonesia/ “WNI”), but traffic violations are also committed by Foreign Citizens (Warga Negara Asing/ "WNA") or foreigners. One of the most common violations is the use of fake number plates. As recently gone viral, a number of photos have been captured that show foreigners using fake number plates. Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) It should be noted that the provisions on vehicle number plates under [**Law 22/2009**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4a604fcfd406d/undangundang-nomor-22-tahun-2009?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_22_2009) are known as Number Plates/ License Plates. Every motor vehicle which is operated on the road must be equipped with a Vehicle Registration Certificate (Surat Tanda Nomor Kendaraan/ “STNK”) and a Number Plate (Tanda Nomor Kendaraan Bermotor/ “TNKB”).[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Number Plates contain area code, registration number, and validity period and must fulfill the requirements of shape, size, material, color, and installation method. Further provisions on Number Plates are regulated under the [**Regulation of the Indonesian National Police 7/2021**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6110e249b8687/peraturan-kepolisian-negara-nomor-7-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perpolri_7_2021). According to **Article 1 number 11** **Regulation of the Indonesian National Police 7/2021**, Number Plates or TNKB is a registration and identification mark of a motor vehicle that functions as proof of the legitimacy of the operation of a motor vehicle in the form of plates or other materials with certain specifications issued by the Indonesian National Police. From this, it is clear that official Number Plates are only issued by the Indonesian National Police. As an information, the black-and-white license plate has now been applied. What is a black-and-white plate? The colors of Number Plates are currently:[\[2\]](#_ftn2) 1. white, black writing for motor vehicles used by individuals, legal entities, Foreign State Representatives (Perwakilan Negara Asing/ “PNA”), and international agencies; 2. yellow, black writing for public motor vehicles; 3. red, white lettering for government agency motor vehicles; and 4. green, black writing for motor vehicles in free trade areas that obtain import duty exemption facilities and based on the provisions of laws and regulations. ### **Criminal Sanctions for the Use of Fake Number Plates** Therefore, if asked if it is allowed to use fake number plates? Of course, the use of fake number plates which are not issued by the Indonesian National Police is **illegal and invalid**, as well as the imposition of fines. How much is the fine for fake number plates? This is explicitly stated in **Article 280 Law 22/2009** as follows. _Any person who drives a Motor Vehicle on a Road that is **not affixed with a Number Plate determined by the Indonesian National Police** as referred to in Article 68 section (1) shall be subject to imprisonment for a maximum of 2 (two) months or a maximum fine of IDR 500,000. 00 (five hundred thousand rupiahs)._ Therefore, will fake number plates be ticketed? Regarding this matter, it is necessary to refer to the provisions on the examination of motor vehicles on the road, one of which is the examination of Number Plates which in **Article 4 section (3)** [**Government Regulation 80/2012**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt508f5bc65f442/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-80-tahun-2012?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_80_2012) includes: 1. technical specifications of vehicle number marks; 2. validity period; and 3. **authenticity**. In relation to the authenticity of a number plate, a motor vehicle operated on the road **without a valid Number Plate in accordance with the relevant Vehicle Registration Certificate/STNK** or phony license plate is a criminal act which can be prosecuted by issuing a ticket.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Thus, in answer to your question, traffic violations in the form of using fake number plates, including foreigners who use fake number plates, can be sentenced to imprisonment for a maximum of 2 months or a maximum fine of IDR 500,000. Enrich your legal research with the latest bilingual legal analysis, as well as the collection of regulatory translations integrated into Hukumonline Pro, click [**here**](https://pro.hukumonline.com/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=cta&utm_campaign=artikel_klinik) to learn more. These are the answers we can provide, we hope you will find them useful. Legal Basis: 1. [Law Number 22 of 2009 on Traffic and Road Transportation](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4a604fcfd406d/undangundang-nomor-22-tahun-2009?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_22_2009); 2. [Regulation of the Government in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022); 3. [Regulation of the Government Number 80 of 2012 on Motor Vehicle Examination Procedures on Road and Procedures for Traffic and Road Transportation Violations](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt508f5bc65f442/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-80-tahun-2012?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_80_2012); 4. [Regulation of the Indonesian National Police Number 7 of 2021 on Motor Vehicle Registration and Identification](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6110e249b8687/peraturan-kepolisian-negara-nomor-7-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perpolri_7_2021). * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Article 68 section (1) [Law Number 22 of 2009 on Traffic and Road Transportation](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4a604fcfd406d/undangundang-nomor-22-tahun-2009?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_22_2009) (“Law 22/2009”). [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Article 45 section (1) [Regulation of the Indonesian National Police Number 7 of 2021 on Motor Vehicle Registration and Identification](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6110e249b8687/peraturan-kepolisian-negara-nomor-7-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perpolri_7_2021) (“Regulation of the Indonesian National Police 7/2021”). [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Article 24 section (3) and the Elucidation [Regulation of the Government Number 80 of 2012 on Motor Vehicle Examination Procedures on Road and Procedures for Traffic and Road Transportation Violations](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt508f5bc65f442/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-80-tahun-2012?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_80_2012) (“Government Regulation 80/2012”). Tags ---- [klinik english edition](/tag/klinik-english-edition)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul sama yang dibuat oleh Tri Jata Ayu Pramesti, S.H. dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Senin, 29 September 2014.KLINIK TERKAITSewa Apartemen Bertarif Dolar, Haruskah Bayar Pakai Rupiah?01 Agt 2023Pasal untuk Menjerat Pelaku Penipuan Dolar Palsu18 Jan 2013Pencantuman Mata Uang Asing dalam Brosur Penjualan23 Jun 2012Pengertian 'Transaksi Tertentu' dalam UU Mata Uang02 Nov 2011Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.Ketentuan Perikanan di IndonesiaSebelum menjawab pertanyaan Anda, kami asumsikan bahwa laut yang Anda maksud merupakan laut yang berada di wilayah Indonesia. Kedaulatan Indonesia sebagai negara kepulauan meliputi wilayah daratan, perairan pedalaman, perairan kepulauan, dan laut teritorial, termasuk ruang udara di atasnya serta dasar Laut dan tanah di bawahnya, termasuk kekayaan alam yang terkandung di dalamnya.[1] Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Baca juga: Batas Zona Maritim dan Penyelesaian Sengketa Hukum Laut InternasionalKemudian, pada dasarnya Pemerintah dan Pemerintah Daerah sesuai dengan kewenangannya melakukan Pengelolaan Kelautan untuk sebesar-besarnya kemakmuran rakyat melalui pemanfaatan dan pengusahaan Sumber Daya Kelautan dengan menggunakan prinsip ekonomi biru.[2] Salah satu pemanfaatan sumber daya kelautan adalah perikanan,[3] yaitu semua kegiatan yang berhubungan dengan pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan sumber daya ikan dan lingkungannya mulai dari praproduksi, produksi, pascaproduksi, dan pengolahan sampai dengan pemasaran yang dilaksanakan dalam suatu sistem bisnis perikanan.[4]Bolehkah Nelayan Menjual Ikan Kepada Pihak Asing?Pada dasarnya, boleh saja nelayan Indonesia menjual ikan ke pihak asing, namun ada ketentuan dari peraturan perundang-undangan dan menteri yang mengatur perihal penetapan jenis ikan apa yang boleh diperdagangkan ke dan dari wilayah Indonesia. Ketentuan ini dapat kita lihat dalam Pasal 7 ayat (1) huruf t dan u UU 45/2009 yang berbunyi:Dalam rangka mendukung kebijakan pengelolaan sumber daya ikan, Menteri menetapkan jenis ikan yang dilarang untuk diperdagangkan, dimasukkan, dan dikeluarkan ke dan dari wilayah Negara Republik Indonesia dan jenis ikan yang dilindungi.Contoh ketentuan mengenai pelarangan mengeluarkan jenis ikan tertentu terdapat dalam Pasal 1 Permen KP 18/2020, yaitu:Setiap orang atau korporasi dilarang mengeluarkan ikan arwana (Scleropages sp.) dan ikan botia (Chromobotia macracanthus) dari wilayah Negara Republik Indonesia ke luar wilayah Negara Republik Indonesia. Ikan arwana (Scleropages sp.) meliputi: ikan arwana super red (Scleropages formosus), merupakan ikan hidup berukuran kurang dari 12 cm (dua belas sentimeter) termasuk telur; dan ikan arwana jardinii (Scleropages jardinii), merupakan ikan hidup berukuran kurang dari 10 cm (sepuluh sentimeter) termasuk telur. Ikan botia (Chromobotia macracanthus) merupakan ikan hidup berukuran kurang dari 3,5 cm (tiga koma lima sentimeter) dan lebih dari 10 cm (sepuluh sentimeter). Deskripsi ikan arwana (Scleropages sp.) dan ikan botia (Chromobotia macracanthus) sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2) dan ayat (3) tercantum dalam Lampiran yang merupakan bagian tidak terpisahkan dari Peraturan Menteri ini.Ketentuan Transaksi dengan Pihak AsingBerdasarkan Pasal 21 ayat (1) UU Mata Uang, rupiah wajib digunakan dalam:setiap transaksi yang mempunyai tujuan pembayaran;penyelesaian kewajiban lainnya yang harus dipenuhi dengan uang; dan/atautransaksi keuangan lainnya, yang dilakukan di Wilayah Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Maka, menjawab pertanyaan Anda, ketentuan di atas mempertegas bahwa transaksi yang mempunyai tujuan pembayaran di wilayah Indonesia wajib menggunakan rupiah. Masih berkaitan dengan Pasal 21 ayat (1) UU Mata Uang, berikut bunyi Pasal 33 ayat (1) UU Mata Uang:Setiap orang yang tidak menggunakan Rupiah dalam:setiap transaksi yang mempunyai tujuan pembayaran;penyelesaian kewajiban lainnya yang harus dipenuhi dengan uang; dan/atau transaksi keuangan lainnya, sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 21 ayat (1) dipidana dengan pidana kurungan paling lama 1 (satu) tahun dan pidana denda paling banyak Rp. 200.000.000,00 (dua ratus juta rupiah).Lantas, jika nelayan menerima mata uang asing, apakah nelayan berhak untuk menolak mata uang asing yang ia terima dari pihak asing tersebut? Hal ini diatur dalam Pasal 23 UU Mata Uang yang berbunyi:Setiap orang dilarang menolak untuk menerima Rupiah yang penyerahannya dimaksudkan sebagai pembayaran atau untuk menyelesaikan kewajiban yang harus dipenuhi dengan Rupiah dan/atau untuk transaksi keuangan lainnya di Wilayah Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia, kecuali karena terdapat keraguan atas keaslian Rupiah.Ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dikecualikan untuk pembayaran atau untuk penyelesaian kewajiban dalam valuta asing yang telah diperjanjikan secara tertulis.Maka, menurut pendapat kami, dari ketentuan di atas dapat ditafsirkan bahwa nelayan yang menerima mata uang (valuta) asing sebagai pembayaran di wilayah Indonesia adalah pelanggaran hukum. Kecuali, ia ragu atas keaslian rupiah atau terdapat kewajiban pembayaran dalam valuta asing telah diperjanjikan secara tertulis. Adapun sanksi bagi setiap orang yang menolak untuk menerima rupiah yang penyerahannya dimaksudkan sebagai pembayaran atau untuk menyelesaikan kewajiban yang harus dipenuhi dengan rupiah dan/atau untuk transaksi keuangan lainnya di Wilayah Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia, kecuali karena terdapat keraguan atas keaslian Rupiah sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 23 UU Mata Uang, dipidana dengan pidana kurungan paling lama 1 (satu) tahun dan pidana denda paling banyak Rp 200.000.000 (dua ratus juta rupiah).[5]Baca juga: Begini Pengaturan Penggunaan Mata Uang Rupiah di IndonesiaKesimpulannya, nelayan boleh menjual ikan ke pihak asing dengan memperhatikan aturan mengenai larangan pengeluaran jenis ikan tertentu sesuai dengan Permen KP 18/2020. Selain itu, pihak asing yang melakukan transaksi jual beli ikan dengan nelayan Indonesia di perairan Indonesia wajib menggunakan mata uang rupiah sebagai alat pembayaran yang sah. Jika para pihak melanggar ketentuan, maka para pihak dapat diancam pidana dengan pidana kurungan paling lama 1 (satu) tahun dan pidana denda paling banyak Rp200 juta.Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwibahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut di sini. Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat.DASAR HUKUMUndang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 2004 Tentang PerikananUndang-Undang Nomor 45 Tahun 2009 Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 2004 Tentang PerikananUndang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2011 tentang Mata UangUndang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2014 tentang KelautanUndang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2016 tentang Perlindungan dan Pemberdayaan Nelayan, Pembudi Daya Ikan, dan Petambak GaramPeraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta KerjaPeraturan Menteri Kelautan Dan Perikanan Nomor 18/PERMEN-KP/2020 Tahun 2020 tentang Larangan Pengeluaran Ikan Arwana (Scleropages sp.) dan Ikan Botia (Chromobotia macracanthus) dari Wilayah Negara Republik Indonesia ke Luar Wilayah Negara Republik Indonesia[1] Pasal 5 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2014 tentang Kelautan (“UU Kelautan”).[2] Pasal 14 ayat (1) UU Kelautan.[3] Pasal 14 ayat (2) huruf a UU Kelautan.[4] Pasal 115 angka 1 Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja (“Perppu Ciptaker”) yang mengubah Pasal 1 angka 20 Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2016 tentang Perlindungan dan Pemberdayaan Nelayan, Pembudi Daya Ikan, dan Petambak Garam (“UU 7/2016”).[5] Pasal 33 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2011 tentang Mata Uang (“UU Mata Uang”).Tagsuu mata uang
Apakah nelayan Indonesia yang menjual ikan dengan pihak asing di laut melanggar aturan? Lalu, jika pembayarannya menggunakan mata uang asing, apakah hal ini juga merupakan pelanggaran hukum?
Pada dasarnya, nelayan Indonesia boleh menjual ikan ke pihak asing, namun ada ketentuan dari menteri yang mengatur perihal penetapan jenis ikan apa yang boleh diperdagangkan ke dan dari wilayah Indonesia. Kemudian, rupiah wajib digunakan salah satunya dalam setiap transaksi yang mempunyai tujuan pembayaran. Lantas, bagaimana jika nelayan dan pihak asing melakukan transaksi menggunakan mata uang asing? Apakah ada pengecualian? Bagaimana ketentuan hukumnya? Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Sewa Apartemen Bertarif Dolar, Haruskah Bayar Pakai Rupiah?01 Agt 2023Pasal untuk Menjerat Pelaku Penipuan Dolar Palsu18 Jan 2013Pencantuman Mata Uang Asing dalam Brosur Penjualan23 Jun 2012Pengertian 'Transaksi Tertentu' dalam UU Mata Uang02 Nov 2011Sewa Apartemen Bertarif Dolar, Haruskah Bayar Pakai Rupiah?01 Agt 2023Pasal untuk Menjerat Pelaku Penipuan Dolar Palsu18 Jan 2013Pencantuman Mata Uang Asing dalam Brosur Penjualan23 Jun 2012Pengertian 'Transaksi Tertentu' dalam UU Mata Uang02 Nov 2011Persyaratan Pemberhentian Direksi dan Komisaris PT PMA17 Mei 2023Mau Melaporkan Tindak Pidana ke Polisi? Begini Prosedurnya21 Des 2022Perhatikan Ini Sebelum Tanda Tangan Kontrak Kerja20 Mar 2023Persyaratan Pemberhentian Direksi dan Komisaris PT PMA17 Mei 2023Mau Melaporkan Tindak Pidana ke Polisi? Begini Prosedurnya21 Des 2022Perhatikan Ini Sebelum Tanda Tangan Kontrak Kerja20 Mar 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/bertransaksi-dengan-pihak-asing-menggunakan-mata-uang-asing-di-wilayah-indonesia-lt54242ff74b211/
Bertransaksi dengan Pihak Asing Menggunakan Mata Uang Asing di Wilayah Indonesia
pages/157/page-4.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul sama yang dibuat oleh [Tri Jata Ayu Pramesti, S.H.](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/tri-jata-ayu-pramesti--sh-lt5165540a9b53c) dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Senin, 29 September 2014.** ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Sewa Apartemen Bertarif Dolar, Haruskah Bayar Pakai Rupiah? ](/klinik/a/sewa-apartemen-bertarif-dolar-haruskah-bayar-pakai-rupiah-lt4e1ff0fbf2c45/) ![Sewa Apartemen Bertarif Dolar, Haruskah Bayar Pakai Rupiah?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt4e1ff0fbf2c45/thumbnail_lt64c8dae8e7e62.jpg) 01 Agt 2023 [ #### Pasal untuk Menjerat Pelaku Penipuan Dolar Palsu ](/klinik/a/pasal-untuk-menjerat-pelaku-penipuan-dolar-palsu-lt50d4f81c1f187/) ![Pasal untuk Menjerat Pelaku Penipuan Dolar Palsu](https://static.hukumonline.com/frontend/default/images/kaze/thumbnail_default.jpg) 18 Jan 2013 [ #### Pencantuman Mata Uang Asing dalam Brosur Penjualan ](/klinik/a/brosur-dalam-mata-uang-asing-lt4fc6ea41c3567/) ![Pencantuman Mata Uang Asing dalam Brosur Penjualan](https://static.hukumonline.com/frontend/default/images/kaze/thumbnail_default.jpg) 23 Jun 2012 [ #### Pengertian 'Transaksi Tertentu' dalam UU Mata Uang ](/klinik/a/pengertian-transaksi-tertentu-dalam-uu-mata-uang-lt4e802dd196cc3/) ![Pengertian &#39;Transaksi Tertentu&#39; dalam UU Mata Uang](https://static.hukumonline.com/frontend/default/images/kaze/thumbnail_default.jpg) 02 Nov 2011 [](#!) Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Ketentuan Perikanan di Indonesia** Sebelum menjawab pertanyaan Anda, kami asumsikan bahwa laut yang Anda maksud merupakan laut yang berada di wilayah Indonesia. Kedaulatan Indonesia sebagai negara kepulauan meliputi wilayah daratan, perairan pedalaman, perairan kepulauan, dan laut teritorial, termasuk ruang udara di atasnya serta dasar Laut dan tanah di bawahnya, termasuk kekayaan alam yang terkandung di dalamnya.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Baca juga: **[Batas Zona Maritim dan Penyelesaian Sengketa Hukum Laut Internasional](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/batas-zona-maritim-dalam-hukum-laut-internasional-lt631aa324cb706?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=batas_zona_maritim)** Kemudian, pada dasarnya Pemerintah dan Pemerintah Daerah sesuai dengan kewenangannya melakukan Pengelolaan Kelautan untuk sebesar-besarnya kemakmuran rakyat melalui pemanfaatan dan pengusahaan Sumber Daya Kelautan dengan menggunakan prinsip ekonomi biru.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Salah satu pemanfaatan sumber daya kelautan adalah perikanan,[\[3\]](#_ftn3) yaitu semua kegiatan yang berhubungan dengan pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan sumber daya ikan dan lingkungannya mulai dari praproduksi, produksi, pascaproduksi, dan pengolahan sampai dengan pemasaran yang dilaksanakan dalam suatu sistem bisnis perikanan.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) ### **Bolehkah Nelayan Menjual Ikan Kepada Pihak Asing?** Pada dasarnya, boleh saja nelayan Indonesia menjual ikan ke pihak asing, namun ada ketentuan dari peraturan perundang-undangan dan menteri yang mengatur perihal penetapan jenis ikan apa yang boleh diperdagangkan ke dan dari wilayah Indonesia. Ketentuan ini dapat kita lihat dalam **Pasal 7 ayat (1) huruf t dan u** **[UU 45/2009](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4b22031a01f26?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_45_2009)** yang berbunyi: _Dalam rangka mendukung kebijakan pengelolaan sumber daya ikan, Menteri menetapkan jenis ikan yang dilarang untuk diperdagangkan, dimasukkan, dan dikeluarkan ke dan dari wilayah Negara Republik Indonesia dan jenis ikan yang dilindungi._ Contoh ketentuan mengenai pelarangan mengeluarkan jenis ikan tertentu terdapat dalam **Pasal 1** **[Permen KP 18/2020](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5f2b7a45aa605?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=permenkp_18_2020)**, yaitu: 1. Setiap orang atau korporasi dilarang mengeluarkan ikan arwana (Scleropages sp.) dan ikan botia (Chromobotia macracanthus) dari wilayah Negara Republik Indonesia ke luar wilayah Negara Republik Indonesia. 2. Ikan arwana (Scleropages sp.) meliputi: 1. ikan arwana super red (Scleropages formosus), merupakan ikan hidup berukuran kurang dari 12 cm (dua belas sentimeter) termasuk telur; dan 2. ikan arwana jardinii (Scleropages jardinii), merupakan ikan hidup berukuran kurang dari 10 cm (sepuluh sentimeter) termasuk telur. 3. Ikan botia (Chromobotia macracanthus) merupakan ikan hidup berukuran kurang dari 3,5 cm (tiga koma lima sentimeter) dan lebih dari 10 cm (sepuluh sentimeter). 4. Deskripsi ikan arwana (Scleropages sp.) dan ikan botia (Chromobotia macracanthus) sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2) dan ayat (3) tercantum dalam Lampiran yang merupakan bagian tidak terpisahkan dari Peraturan Menteri ini. ### **Ketentuan Transaksi dengan Pihak Asing** Berdasarkan **Pasal 21 ayat (1) [UU Mata Uang](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4e13df4da78a5/undangundang-nomor-7-tahun-2011/document/lt4e13dfa81c3e1?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_7_2011)**, rupiah wajib digunakan dalam: 1. setiap transaksi yang mempunyai tujuan pembayaran; 2. penyelesaian kewajiban lainnya yang harus dipenuhi dengan uang; dan/atau 3. transaksi keuangan lainnya, yang dilakukan di Wilayah Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia.  Maka, menjawab pertanyaan Anda, ketentuan di atas mempertegas bahwa transaksi yang mempunyai tujuan pembayaran di wilayah Indonesia wajib menggunakan rupiah. Masih berkaitan dengan Pasal 21 ayat (1) UU Mata Uang, berikut bunyi **Pasal 33 ayat (1) UU Mata Uang**: _Setiap orang yang tidak menggunakan Rupiah dalam:_ 1. _setiap transaksi yang mempunyai tujuan pembayaran;_ 2. _penyelesaian kewajiban lainnya yang harus dipenuhi dengan uang; dan/atau_ 3. _transaksi keuangan lainnya, sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 21 ayat (1) dipidana dengan pidana kurungan paling lama 1 (satu) tahun dan pidana denda paling banyak Rp. 200.000.000,00 (dua ratus juta rupiah)._ Lantas, jika nelayan menerima mata uang asing, apakah nelayan berhak untuk menolak mata uang asing yang ia terima dari pihak asing tersebut? Hal ini diatur dalam **Pasal 23 UU Mata Uang** yang berbunyi: 1. _Setiap orang dilarang menolak untuk menerima Rupiah yang penyerahannya dimaksudkan sebagai pembayaran atau untuk menyelesaikan kewajiban yang harus dipenuhi dengan Rupiah dan/atau untuk transaksi keuangan lainnya di Wilayah Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia, kecuali karena terdapat keraguan atas keaslian Rupiah._ 2. _Ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dikecualikan untuk pembayaran atau untuk penyelesaian kewajiban dalam valuta asing yang telah diperjanjikan secara tertulis._ Maka, menurut pendapat kami, dari ketentuan di atas dapat ditafsirkan bahwa nelayan yang menerima mata uang (valuta) asing sebagai pembayaran di wilayah Indonesia adalah pelanggaran hukum. Kecuali, ia ragu atas keaslian rupiah atau terdapat kewajiban pembayaran dalam valuta asing telah diperjanjikan secara tertulis. Adapun sanksi bagi setiap orang yang menolak untuk menerima rupiah yang penyerahannya dimaksudkan sebagai pembayaran atau untuk menyelesaikan kewajiban yang harus dipenuhi dengan rupiah dan/atau untuk transaksi keuangan lainnya di Wilayah Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia, kecuali karena terdapat keraguan atas keaslian Rupiah sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 23 UU Mata Uang, dipidana dengan pidana kurungan paling lama 1 (satu) tahun dan pidana denda paling banyak Rp 200.000.000 (dua ratus juta rupiah).[\[5\]](#_ftn5) Baca juga: **[Begini Pengaturan Penggunaan Mata Uang Rupiah di Indonesia](https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/begini-pengaturan-penggunaan-mata-uang-rupiah-di-indonesia-lt601bde50f1dc3/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=klinik_mnc&utm_campaign=begini_aturan_rupiah)** Kesimpulannya, nelayan boleh menjual ikan ke pihak asing dengan memperhatikan aturan mengenai larangan pengeluaran jenis ikan tertentu sesuai dengan Permen KP 18/2020. Selain itu, pihak asing yang melakukan transaksi jual beli ikan dengan nelayan Indonesia di perairan Indonesia wajib menggunakan mata uang rupiah sebagai alat pembayaran yang sah. Jika para pihak melanggar ketentuan, maka para pihak dapat diancam pidana dengan pidana kurungan paling lama 1 (satu) tahun dan pidana denda paling banyak Rp200 juta. Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwibahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut [**di sini**](https://pro.hukumonline.com/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=cta&utm_campaign=artikel_klinik).  Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 2004 Tentang Perikanan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/20143/undangundang-nomor-31-tahun-2004/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_31_2004) Undang-Undang Nomor 45 Tahun 2009 Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 2004 Tentang Perikanan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4b22031a01f26?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_45_2009) Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2011 tentang Mata Uang [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4e13df4da78a5/undangundang-nomor-7-tahun-2011/document/lt4e13dfa81c3e1?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_7_2011) Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2014 tentang Kelautan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt54535ba76713f/undang-undang-nomor-32-tahun-2014/document?utm_medium=pusatdata?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_32_2014) Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2016 tentang Perlindungan dan Pemberdayaan Nelayan, Pembudi Daya Ikan, dan Petambak Garam [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5734059a9e5e7/undang-undang-nomor-7-tahun-2016?r=1&p=1&q=uu%207%202016&rs=1847&re=2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_7_2016) Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022) Peraturan Menteri Kelautan Dan Perikanan Nomor 18/PERMEN-KP/2020 Tahun 2020 tentang Larangan Pengeluaran Ikan Arwana (Scleropages sp.) dan Ikan Botia (Chromobotia macracanthus) dari Wilayah Negara Republik Indonesia ke Luar Wilayah Negara Republik Indonesia [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5f2b7a45aa605?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=permenkp_18_2020) * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Pasal 5 ayat (2) [Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2014 tentang Kelautan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt54535ba76713f/undang-undang-nomor-32-tahun-2014/document?utm_medium=pusatdata?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_32_2014) (“UU Kelautan”). [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal 14 ayat (1) UU Kelautan. [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 14 ayat (2) huruf a UU Kelautan. [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 115 angka 1 [Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022) (“Perppu Ciptaker”) yang mengubah Pasal 1 angka 20 [Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2016 tentang Perlindungan dan Pemberdayaan Nelayan, Pembudi Daya Ikan, dan Petambak Garam](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5734059a9e5e7/undang-undang-nomor-7-tahun-2016?r=1&p=1&q=uu%207%202016&rs=1847&re=2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_7_2016) (“UU 7/2016”). [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Pasal 33 ayat (2) [Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2011 tentang Mata Uang](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4e13df4da78a5/undangundang-nomor-7-tahun-2011/document/lt4e13dfa81c3e1?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_7_2011) (“UU Mata Uang”). Tags ---- [uu mata uang](/tag/uu-mata-uang)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. KLINIK TERKAITHak Istri Setelah Cerai Menurut Islam 17 Mei 2024Cara Mengurus Surat Cerai dan Langkah Mengajukan Gugatannya22 Jun 2023Pembagian Gaji setelah Perceraian PNS10 Feb 2023Tak Pernah Nafkahi Keluarga, Apakah Ayah Berhak Warisan dari Ibu? 13 Jan 2022Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul Dapatkah Suami Menceraikan Istri yang Meninggalkannya? yang dibuat oleh Adi Condro Bawono, S.H., M.H. dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Kamis, 8 Maret 2012, dan pertama kali dimutakhirkan pada Jumat, 4 Maret 2022. Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika. Istri Meninggalkan Suami, Apakah Jatuh Talak?Mengenai persoalan istri meninggalkan suami apakah jatuh talak sebagaimana yang Anda tanyakan, perlu dipahami terlebih dahulu bahwa perceraian hanya dapat dilakukan di depan sidang pengadilan setelah pengadilan yang bersangkutan berusaha dan tidak berhasil mendamaikan kedua belah pihak.[1]Menjawab jika istri meninggalkan suami apakah jatuh talak? Kami sampaikan bahwa untuk melakukan perceraian harus ada cukup alasan bahwa suami istri tidak akan dapat hidup rukun sebagai suami istri.[2] Adapun yang dapat dijadikan dasar alasan perceraian adalah sebagai berikut.[3]Salah satu pihak berbuat zina atau menjadi pemabuk, pemadat, penjudi dan lain sebagainya yang sukar disembuhkan.Salah satu pihak meninggalkan yang lain selama 2 tahun berturut-turut tanpa izin pihak yang lain dan tanpa alasan yang sah atau karena hal lain di luar kemauannya.Salah satu pihak mendapat hukuman penjara 5 tahun atau hukuman yang lebih berat setelah perkawinan berlangsung.Salah satu pihak melakukan kekejaman atau penganiayaan berat yang membahayakan terhadap pihak yang lain.Salah satu pihak mendapat cacat badan atau penyakit yang mengakibatkan tidak dapat menjalankan kewajibannya sebagai suami/istri.Antara suami dan istri terus menerus terjadi perselisihan dan pertengkaran dan tidak ada harapan akan hidup rukun lagi dalam rumah tangga.Merujuk dari ketentuan alasan perceraian tersebut, menjawab pertanyaan mengenai istri meninggalkan suami apakah jatuh talak, menurut hemat kami, talak tidak bisa otomatis dijatuhkan begitu saja. Sebab, perceraian hanya dapat dilakukan di depan sidang pengadilan setelah pengadilan yang bersangkutan berusaha dan tidak berhasil mendamaikan kedua belah pihak.Sebagaimana telah diterangkan sebelumnya, perceraian hanya dapat dilakukan jika ada alasan perceraian yang sah, salah satunya yaitu salah satu pihak meninggalkan pihak lainnya selama 2 tahun berturut-turut tanpa izin dan tanpa alasan yang sah, atau karena hal lain di luar kemauannya. Sedangkan dalam kasus Anda, disebutkan istri pergi meninggalkan suami selama lebih dari 6 bulan. Dengan demikian, kami berpendapat, alasan perceraian belum bisa jadi alasan suami menjatuhkan talak kepada istrinya. Aturan Cerai Bagi PNSPerlu diketahui pula, karena suami seorang Pegawai Negeri Sipil (“PNS”), maka PNS yang akan melakukan perceraian wajib memperoleh izin atau surat keterangan lebih dahulu dari pejabat.[4] Yang dimaksud dengan pejabat di sini adalah:[5]Menteri;Jaksa Agung;Pimpinan Lembaga Pemerintah Non Departemen;Pimpinan Kesekretariatan Lembaga Tertinggi/Tinggi Negara;Gubernur Kepala Daerah Tingkat I;Pimpinan Bank milik Negara;Pimpinan Badan Usaha milik Negara;Pimpinan Bank milik Daerah;Pimpinan Badan Usaha milik Daerah.Bagaimana aturan bagi PNS yang hendak bercerai?[6]  Bagi PNS yang mengajukan gugatan perceraian (penggugat) wajib memperoleh izin dari pejabat, dengan mengajukan izin secara tertulis melalui saluran hierarki.Bagi PNS yang menerima gugatan perceraian (tergugat), wajib memberitahukan adanya gugatan perceraian secara tertulis melalui saluran hierarki dalam jangka waktu maksimal 6 hari kerja setelah menerima gugatan cerai serta memperoleh surat keterangan dari pejabat sebelum melakukan perceraian.Selain itu, perlu diperhatikan, izin untuk bercerai dapat diberikan oleh pejabat jika didasarkan pada alasan-alasan perceraian yang ditetapkan oleh peraturan perundang-undangan dan ketentuan dalam PP 10/1983 dan perubahannya.[7]Dengan demikian, menjawab pertanyaan Anda mengenai istri meninggalkan suami apakah jatuh talak, menurut kami talak tidak otomatis jatuh sebagaimana alasan yang telah diuraikan sebelumnya. Terlebih, (dalam kasus suami seorang PNS) suami yang hendak menceraikan istrinya harus terlebih dulu memperoleh izin tertulis dari pejabat, yang diberikan jika perceraian didasarkan pada alasan-alasan perceraian yang sah. Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUMUndang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang PerkawinanUndang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang PerkawinanPeraturan Pemerintah Nomor 10 Tahun 1983 tentang Izin Perkawinan dan Perceraian Bagi Pegawai Negeri SipilPeraturan Pemerintah Nomor 45 Tahun 1990 Nomor 45 Tahun 1990 tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 10 Tahun 1983 tentang Izin Perkawinan dan Perceraian Bagi Pegawai Negeri Sipil[1] Pasal 39 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan (“UU Perkawinan”)[2] Pasal 39 ayat (2) UU Perkawinan[3] Penjelasan Pasal 39 ayat (2) UU Perkawinan[4] Pasal 3 ayat (1) Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 45 Tahun 1990 Nomor 45 Tahun 1990 tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 10 Tahun 1983 tentang Izin Perkawinan dan Perceraian Bagi Pegawai Negeri Sipil[5] Pasal 1 huruf b Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 10 Tahun 1983 tentang Izin Perkawinan dan Perceraian Bagi Pegawai Negeri Sipil (“PP 10/1983”)[6] Penjelasan Pasal 3 ayat (1) dan (2) PP 45/1990[7] Pasal 7 ayat (1) PP 10/1983  Tagsceraicerai talakgugat ceraikeluarga dan perkawinanperceraianperkawinan
Jika istri pergi selama lebih dari 6 bulan dari rumah tanpa pamit kepada suami dan suami tidak mengetahui penyebabnya. Suami sudah mencoba mencari kepada pihak keluarga istri dan teman-temannya namun tidak ada yang tahu. Suami sudah mencoba sms/telepon ke istri namun tidak dibalas/dijawab. Pertanyaannya, untuk kasus istri meninggalkan suami apakah jatuh talak? Bagaimana prosedur dan izinnya, mengingat suami seorang PNS serta apa dasar hukumnya? Terima kasih.
Mengenai istri meninggalkan suami apakah jatuh talak, menurut kami talak tidak otomatis jatuh. Sebab, perceraian hanya dapat dilakukan di depan sidang pengadilan setelah pengadilan yang bersangkutan berusaha dan tidak berhasil mendamaikan kedua belah pihak. Selain itu, perceraian hanya bisa dilakukan jika ada alasan perceraian yang sah, salah satunya yakni salah satu pihak meninggalkan pihak lainnya selama 2 tahun berturut-turut tanpa izin dan tanpa alasan yang sah, atau karena hal lain di luar kemauannya. Sedangkan dalam kasus Anda, istri pergi meninggalkan suami lebih dari 6 bulan, sehingga kami berpendapat, suami belum bisa menjatuhkan talak ke istrinya.   Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat baca ulasan di bawah ini. Hak Istri Setelah Cerai Menurut Islam 17 Mei 2024Cara Mengurus Surat Cerai dan Langkah Mengajukan Gugatannya22 Jun 2023Pembagian Gaji setelah Perceraian PNS10 Feb 2023Tak Pernah Nafkahi Keluarga, Apakah Ayah Berhak Warisan dari Ibu? 13 Jan 2022Hak Istri Setelah Cerai Menurut Islam 17 Mei 2024Cara Mengurus Surat Cerai dan Langkah Mengajukan Gugatannya22 Jun 2023Pembagian Gaji setelah Perceraian PNS10 Feb 2023Tak Pernah Nafkahi Keluarga, Apakah Ayah Berhak Warisan dari Ibu? 13 Jan 2022Mau Melaporkan Tindak Pidana ke Polisi? Begini Prosedurnya21 Des 2022Syarat dan Prosedur Hibah Saham11 Okt 2022Cara Pindah Kewarganegaraan WNI Menjadi WNA25 Mar 2024Mau Melaporkan Tindak Pidana ke Polisi? Begini Prosedurnya21 Des 2022Syarat dan Prosedur Hibah Saham11 Okt 2022Cara Pindah Kewarganegaraan WNI Menjadi WNA25 Mar 2024
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/istri-meninggalkan-suami-apakah-jatuh-talak-lt4f1e598a3a77d/
Istri Meninggalkan Suami, Apakah Jatuh Talak?
pages/157/page-5.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Hak Istri Setelah Cerai Menurut Islam ](/klinik/a/hak-istri-setelah-cerai-menurut-islam-lt5e7315368865f/) ![Hak Istri Setelah Cerai Menurut Islam ](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt5e7315368865f/thumbnail_lt61cda288282de.jpg) 17 Mei 2024 [ #### Cara Mengurus Surat Cerai dan Langkah Mengajukan Gugatannya ](/klinik/a/mengurus-surat-cerai-lt618110a95e0c1/) ![Cara Mengurus Surat Cerai dan Langkah Mengajukan Gugatannya](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt618110a95e0c1/thumbnail_lt6181119c12034.jpg) 22 Jun 2023 [ #### Pembagian Gaji setelah Perceraian PNS ](/klinik/a/perceraian-pns-lt565bb4b997550/) ![Pembagian Gaji setelah Perceraian PNS](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt565bb4b997550/thumbnail_lt5661cef69b986.jpg) 10 Feb 2023 [ #### Tak Pernah Nafkahi Keluarga, Apakah Ayah Berhak Warisan dari Ibu? ](/klinik/a/tak-pernah-nafkahi-keluarga--apakah-ayah-berhak-warisan-dari-ibu-lt61768ebf09a49/) ![Tak Pernah Nafkahi Keluarga, Apakah Ayah Berhak Warisan dari Ibu? ](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt61768ebf09a49/thumbnail_lt61e0048bf2a8d.jpg) 13 Jan 2022 [](#!) **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul _Dapatkah Suami Menceraikan Istri yang Meninggalkannya?_ yang dibuat oleh [Adi Condro Bawono, S.H., M.H.](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/adi-condro-bawono--sh--mh-lt4edc3ee1b9149) dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Kamis, 8 Maret 2012, dan pertama kali dimutakhirkan pada Jumat, 4 Maret 2022.** Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat **[Pernyataan Penyangkalan](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer)** selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan **[Konsultan Mitra Justika](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika)**. ### **Istri Meninggalkan Suami, Apakah Jatuh Talak?** Mengenai persoalan istri meninggalkan suami apakah jatuh talak sebagaimana yang Anda tanyakan, perlu dipahami terlebih dahulu bahwa perceraian hanya dapat dilakukan di depan sidang pengadilan setelah pengadilan yang bersangkutan berusaha dan tidak berhasil mendamaikan kedua belah pihak.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Menjawab jika istri meninggalkan suami apakah jatuh talak? Kami sampaikan bahwa untuk melakukan perceraian harus ada cukup alasan bahwa suami istri tidak akan dapat hidup rukun sebagai suami istri.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Adapun yang dapat dijadikan dasar alasan perceraian adalah sebagai berikut.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) 1. Salah satu pihak berbuat zina atau menjadi pemabuk, pemadat, penjudi dan lain sebagainya yang sukar disembuhkan. 2. Salah satu pihak meninggalkan yang lain selama 2 tahun berturut-turut tanpa izin pihak yang lain dan tanpa alasan yang sah atau karena hal lain di luar kemauannya. 3. Salah satu pihak mendapat hukuman penjara 5 tahun atau hukuman yang lebih berat setelah perkawinan berlangsung. 4. Salah satu pihak melakukan kekejaman atau penganiayaan berat yang membahayakan terhadap pihak yang lain. 5. Salah satu pihak mendapat cacat badan atau penyakit yang mengakibatkan tidak dapat menjalankan kewajibannya sebagai suami/istri. 6. Antara suami dan istri terus menerus terjadi perselisihan dan pertengkaran dan tidak ada harapan akan hidup rukun lagi dalam rumah tangga. Merujuk dari ketentuan alasan perceraian tersebut, menjawab pertanyaan mengenai istri meninggalkan suami apakah jatuh talak, menurut hemat kami, talak tidak bisa otomatis dijatuhkan begitu saja. Sebab, perceraian hanya dapat dilakukan di depan sidang pengadilan setelah pengadilan yang bersangkutan berusaha dan tidak berhasil mendamaikan kedua belah pihak. Sebagaimana telah diterangkan sebelumnya, perceraian hanya dapat dilakukan jika ada alasan perceraian yang sah, salah satunya yaitu salah satu pihak meninggalkan pihak lainnya selama 2 tahun berturut-turut tanpa izin dan tanpa alasan yang sah, atau karena hal lain di luar kemauannya. Sedangkan dalam kasus Anda, disebutkan istri pergi meninggalkan suami selama lebih dari 6 bulan. Dengan demikian, kami berpendapat, alasan perceraian belum bisa jadi alasan suami menjatuhkan talak kepada istrinya. ### **Aturan Cerai Bagi PNS** Perlu diketahui pula, karena suami seorang Pegawai Negeri Sipil (“PNS”), maka PNS yang akan melakukan perceraian wajib memperoleh izin atau surat keterangan lebih dahulu dari pejabat.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) Yang dimaksud dengan pejabat di sini adalah:[\[5\]](#_ftn5) 1. Menteri; 2. Jaksa Agung; 3. Pimpinan Lembaga Pemerintah Non Departemen; 4. Pimpinan Kesekretariatan Lembaga Tertinggi/Tinggi Negara; 5. Gubernur Kepala Daerah Tingkat I; 6. Pimpinan Bank milik Negara; 7. Pimpinan Badan Usaha milik Negara; 8. Pimpinan Bank milik Daerah; 9. Pimpinan Badan Usaha milik Daerah. Bagaimana aturan bagi PNS yang hendak bercerai?[\[6\]](#_ftn6)  1. Bagi PNS yang mengajukan gugatan perceraian (penggugat) wajib memperoleh izin dari pejabat, dengan mengajukan izin secara tertulis melalui saluran hierarki. 2. Bagi PNS yang menerima gugatan perceraian (tergugat), wajib memberitahukan adanya gugatan perceraian secara tertulis melalui saluran hierarki dalam jangka waktu maksimal 6 hari kerja setelah menerima gugatan cerai serta memperoleh surat keterangan dari pejabat sebelum melakukan perceraian. Selain itu, perlu diperhatikan, izin untuk bercerai dapat diberikan oleh pejabat jika didasarkan pada alasan-alasan perceraian yang ditetapkan oleh peraturan perundang-undangan dan ketentuan dalam **[PP 10/1983](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17600/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-10-tahun-1983/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_10_1983)** dan perubahannya.[\[7\]](#_ftn7) Dengan demikian, menjawab pertanyaan Anda mengenai istri meninggalkan suami apakah jatuh talak, menurut kami talak tidak otomatis jatuh sebagaimana alasan yang telah diuraikan sebelumnya. Terlebih, (dalam kasus suami seorang PNS) suami yang hendak menceraikan istrinya harus terlebih dulu memperoleh izin tertulis dari pejabat, yang diberikan jika perceraian didasarkan pada alasan-alasan perceraian yang sah. Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26834/undangundang-nomor-1-tahun-1974?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_Perkawinan) Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5dafedf4cd014/undang-undang-nomor-16-tahun-2019?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_16_2019) Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 10 Tahun 1983 tentang Izin Perkawinan dan Perceraian Bagi Pegawai Negeri Sipil [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17600/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-10-tahun-1983/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_10_1983) Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 45 Tahun 1990 Nomor 45 Tahun 1990 tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 10 Tahun 1983 tentang Izin Perkawinan dan Perceraian Bagi Pegawai Negeri Sipil [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4bab22c0d2e33?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_45_1990) * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Pasal 39 ayat (1) [Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/26834/undangundang-nomor-1-tahun-1974?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_Perkawinan) (“UU Perkawinan”) [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal 39 ayat (2) UU Perkawinan [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Penjelasan Pasal 39 ayat (2) UU Perkawinan [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 3 ayat (1) [Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 45 Tahun 1990 Nomor 45 Tahun 1990 tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 10 Tahun 1983 tentang Izin Perkawinan dan Perceraian Bagi Pegawai Negeri Sipil](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4bab22c0d2e33?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_45_1990) [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Pasal 1 huruf b [Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 10 Tahun 1983 tentang Izin Perkawinan dan Perceraian Bagi Pegawai Negeri Sipil](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17600/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-10-tahun-1983/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_10_1983) (“PP 10/1983”) [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Penjelasan Pasal 3 ayat (1) dan (2) PP 45/1990 [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Pasal 7 ayat (1) PP 10/1983 Tags ---- [cerai](/tag/cerai) [cerai talak](/tag/cerai-talak) [gugat cerai](/tag/gugat-cerai) [keluarga dan perkawinan](/tag/keluarga-dan-perkawinan) [perceraian](/tag/perceraian) [perkawinan](/tag/perkawinan)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul 3 Tahapan Perjanjian Internasional Berikut Penjelasannya yang dibuat oleh Saufa Ata Taqiyya, S.H. dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Jumat, 25 Februari 2022.KLINIK TERKAIT5 Sumber Hukum Internasional07 Mar 2024Pengertian, Asas, dan Prinsip Hukum Humaniter Internasional07 Sep 2023Tanggung Jawab Negara dan Individu atas Kejahatan Internasional02 Nov 2022Sejarah Singkat Hukum Laut Internasional08 Sep 2022Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.Perjanjian Internasional Perjanjian internasional merupakan salah satu sumber utama hukum internasional, sebagaimana dijelaskan dalam Pasal 38 ayat (1) Statuta Mahkamah Internasional. Adapun definisi dari perjanjian internasional (treaty) jika merujuk pada Pasal 2 ayat (1) huruf a Konvensi Wina 1969 adalah:Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas “treaty” means an international agreement concluded between States in written form and governed by international law, whether embodied in a single instrument or in two or more related instruments and whatever its particular designation.Jika definisi tersebut diartikan, pada intinya yang dimaksud dengan treaty atau perjanjian internasional adalah kesepakatan internasional yang dibuat antarnegara-negara dalam bentuk tertulis dan diatur oleh hukum internasional.Perlu diperhatikan, Konvensi Wina 1969 memang merupakan salah satu instrumen utama dalam hukum internasional yang mengatur tentang perjanjian internasional. Akan tetapi, keberlakuan aturan dalam konvensi tersebut terbatas hanya terhadap perjanjian antarnegara, dan tidak berlaku untuk perjanjian antara negara dengan organisasi internasional maupun perjanjian antara sesama organisasi internasional.Dalam hukum internasional, perjanjian antara negara dengan organisasi internasional maupun perjanjian antara sesama organisasi internasional diatur dalam konvensi terpisah yakni Konvensi Wina 1986.Pemisahan tersebut dilakukan atas dasar pertimbangan bahwa kewenangan membuat perjanjian internasional oleh organisasi internasional berlainan dengan kewenangan membuat perjanjian internasional oleh negara, demikian pula prosedur untuk membuat perjanjian internasional yang dilakukan oleh negara berbeda dengan prosedur yang dilakukan oleh organisasi internasional.[1]Karena adanya perbedaan prosedur tersebut, guna menyederhanakan jawaban, kami akan fokus membahas proses/tahapan pembuatan perjanjian internasional yang dibuat oleh negara saja.Tahapan Perjanjian InternasionalSelanjutnya, menyambung pertanyaan Anda, apa saja tahapan dalam proses pembuatan perjanjian internasional? Pada pokoknya, ada tiga tahapan pembuatan perjanjian internasional. Adapun 3 tahapan perjanjian internasional ialah sebagai berikut.[2]Negosiasi/Perundingan Perjanjian InternasionalTahapan perjanjian internasional yang pertama adalah perundingan, di mana biasanya didahului oleh pendekatan-pendekatan oleh pihak yang bermaksud mengadakan perjanjian internasional, atau yang dalam bahasa diplomatik dikenal dengan lobbying. Lobbying dapat dilakukan secara formal maupun secara nonformal. Bila dalam lobbying telah ada titik terang tentang kesepakatan tentang suatu masalah, maka kemudian diadakan perundingan secara resmi yang akan dilakukan oleh orang-orang yang resmi mewakili negaranya, menerima kesepakatan yang telah dirumuskan, dan mengesahkannya.[3]Orang-orang yang berwenang mewakili negaranya ini diatur lebih lanjut dalam Pasal 7 Konvensi Wina 1969, di antaranya yaitu kepala negara (seperti presiden), kepala pemerintahan (seperti perdana menteri), dan menteri luar negeri.Dalam tahapan perundingan ini terdapat juga proses penerimaan teks (adoption of the text),[4] di mana para pihak yang berunding merumuskan teks dari perjanjian yang kemudian diterima oleh masing-masing pihak peserta perundingan. Penerimaan naskah/teks dalam konferensi yang melibatkan banyak negara dilakukan dengan persetujuan 2/3 dari negara yang hadir dan menggunakan suaranya, kecuali jika 2/3 negara tersebut setuju untuk memberlakukan ketentuan lain.[5]Penandatanganan Perjanjian InternasionalSetelah adanya penerimaan teks dalam tahapan perundingan, tahapan perjanjian internasional selanjutnya adalah dilakukan pengesahan teks yang telah diterima oleh peserta perundingan tadi.[6] Proses atau tahap pengesahan teks perjanjian internasional dilakukan sesuai kesepakatan para peserta perundingan, atau dengan pembubuhan tanda tangan wakil negara dalam teks perjanjian internasional tersebut.[7]Ratifikasi Perjanjian Internasional (jika perlu)Menurut Pasal 1 angka 2 UU 24/2000, ratifikasi merupakan salah satu perbuatan hukum untuk mengikatkan diri pada suatu perjanjian internasional.Namun, dari perspektif hukum perjanjian internasional, proses ratifikasi ini tak selalu diperlukan agar sebuah perjanjian internasional bisa berlaku mengikat terhadap suatu negara. Hal ini dikarenakan, bisa saja peserta perundingan perjanjian internasional menyepakati bahwa penandatanganan perjanjian saja sudah cukup menandakan persetujuan negara terhadap perjanjian tersebut.[8]Proses ratifikasi ini diperlukan, di antaranya jika teks perjanjian internasional terkait menyatakan bahwa persetujuan negara untuk terikat ditunjukkan dengan cara ratifikasi.[9]Di Indonesia, ratifikasi sebagai pengesahan perjanjian internasional ini dilakukan dengan undang-undang atau keputusan presiden.[10]Sebagai catatan, selain ratifikasi, ada juga berbagai cara lainnya untuk menunjukkan persetujuan sebuah negara untuk terikat kepada perjanjian internasional, seperti aksesi (accession), penerimaan (acceptance) dan penyetujuan (approval). Penggunaan cara-cara tersebut bisa dilakukan tergantung kepada persetujuan para pihak dan ketentuan dalam perjanjian internasional.[11]Dapat disimpulkan bahwa singkatnya, ada 3 tahapan dalam perjanjian internasional adalah pembentukannya melalui perundingan, penandatanganan, hingga ratifikasi jika diperlukan. Demikian jawaban kami mengenai tahapan dalam perjanjian internasional, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUMStatuta Mahkamah InternasionalVienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 1969Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties between States and International Organizations or between International Organizations 1986Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2000 tentang Perjanjian InternasionalREFERENSII Made Pasek Diantha, dkk. Buku Ajar Hukum Perjanjian Internasional. Bagian Hukum Internasional, Fakultas Hukum Universitas Udayana, 2016;Sri Setianingsih Suwardi, Ida Kurnia. Hukum Perjanjian Internasional. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2019.[1] Sri S. Suwardi, Ida Kurnia, Hukum Perjanjian Internasional, Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2019, hal. 4[2] Sri S. Suwardi, Ida Kurnia, Hukum Perjanjian Internasional, Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2019, hal. 25; I Made Pasek Diantha, dkk, Buku Ajar Hukum Perjanjian Internasional, Bagian Hukum Internasional: Fakultas Hukum Universitas Udayana, 2016, hal. 19[3]  Sri S. Suwardi, Ida Kurnia, Hukum Perjanjian Internasional, Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2019, hal. 24–25.[4]  Sri S. Suwardi, Ida Kurnia, Hukum Perjanjian Internasional, Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2019, hal. 29.[5] Pasal 9 ayat (2) Konvensi Wina 1969[6] Sri S. Suwardi, Ida Kurnia, Hukum Perjanjian Internasional, Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2019, hal 29.[7] Pasal 10 Konvensi Wina 1969[8] Pasal 12 ayat (1) huruf b Konvensi Wina 1969[9] Pasal 14 ayat (1) huruf a Konvensi Wina 1969[10] Pasal 9 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2000 tentang Perjanjian Internasional[11] Pasal 11 Konvensi Wina 1969Tagshukum internasionalinternasionalperjanjian internasional
Apa saja tahapan dalam proses pembuatan perjanjian internasional? Mohon penjelasannya.
Singkatnya, ada 3 tahapan pembuatan perjanjian internasional hingga berlaku mengikat terhadap suatu negara. Ketiga tahapan pembuatan perjanjian internasional tersebut adalah negosiasi/perundingan, penandatanganan, dan ratifikasi (jika perlu). Penjelasan selengkapnya dapat dibaca pada ulasan di bawah ini. 5 Sumber Hukum Internasional07 Mar 2024Pengertian, Asas, dan Prinsip Hukum Humaniter Internasional07 Sep 2023Tanggung Jawab Negara dan Individu atas Kejahatan Internasional02 Nov 2022Sejarah Singkat Hukum Laut Internasional08 Sep 20225 Sumber Hukum Internasional07 Mar 2024Pengertian, Asas, dan Prinsip Hukum Humaniter Internasional07 Sep 2023Tanggung Jawab Negara dan Individu atas Kejahatan Internasional02 Nov 2022Sejarah Singkat Hukum Laut Internasional08 Sep 2022Syarat dan Biaya Balik Nama Sertifikat Tanah karena Jual Beli25 Jun 2024Mau Melaporkan Tindak Pidana ke Polisi? Begini Prosedurnya21 Des 2022Tips Cicil Rumah dengan KPR Agar Terhindar Risiko Hukum2 Apr 2024Syarat dan Biaya Balik Nama Sertifikat Tanah karena Jual Beli25 Jun 2024Mau Melaporkan Tindak Pidana ke Polisi? Begini Prosedurnya21 Des 2022Tips Cicil Rumah dengan KPR Agar Terhindar Risiko Hukum2 Apr 2024
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/tahapan-perjanjian-internasional-cl4997/
3 Tahapan Perjanjian Internasional dan Penjelasannya
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul _3 Tahapan Perjanjian Internasional Berikut Penjelasannya_ yang dibuat oleh [Saufa Ata Taqiyya, S.H.](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/saufa-ata-taqiyya--sh-lt5f33b4569d68e) dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Jumat, 25 Februari 2022.** ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### 5 Sumber Hukum Internasional ](/klinik/a/sumber-hukum-internasional-lt62b02e4990cb4/) ![5 Sumber Hukum Internasional](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt62b02e4990cb4/thumbnail_lt62b032ae76afa.jpg) 07 Mar 2024 [ #### Pengertian, Asas, dan Prinsip Hukum Humaniter Internasional ](/klinik/a/hukum-humaniter-internasional-lt62e8ebdd0a7c4/) ![Pengertian, Asas, dan Prinsip Hukum Humaniter Internasional](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt62e8ebdd0a7c4/thumbnail_lt62e8ed7333275.jpg) 07 Sep 2023 [ #### Tanggung Jawab Negara dan Individu atas Kejahatan Internasional ](/klinik/a/tanggung-jawab-negara-dan-individu-atas-kejahatan-internasional-lt63620e4532072/) ![Tanggung Jawab Negara dan Individu atas Kejahatan Internasional](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt63620e4532072/thumbnail_lt63620f59f3ca1.jpg) 02 Nov 2022 [ #### Sejarah Singkat Hukum Laut Internasional ](/klinik/a/sejarah-hukum-laut-internasional-lt6319a0cded099/) ![Sejarah Singkat Hukum Laut Internasional](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt6319a0cded099/thumbnail_lt6319a2454101e.jpg) 08 Sep 2022 [](#!) Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat **[Pernyataan Penyangkalan](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer)** selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan **[Konsultan Mitra Justika](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika)****.** ### **Perjanjian Internasional** Perjanjian internasional merupakan salah satu sumber utama hukum internasional, sebagaimana dijelaskan dalam **Pasal 38 ayat (1)** **[Statuta Mahkamah Internasional](https://www.icj-cij.org/en/statute)**. Adapun definisi dari perjanjian internasional (_treaty_) jika merujuk pada **Pasal 2 ayat (1) huruf a** **[Konvensi Wina 1969](https://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/conventions/1_1_1969.pdf)** adalah: Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) _“treaty” means an international agreement concluded between States in written form and governed by international law, whether embodied in a single instrument or in two or more related instruments and whatever its particular designation._ Jika definisi tersebut diartikan, pada intinya yang dimaksud dengan _treaty_ atau perjanjian internasional adalah kesepakatan internasional yang dibuat antarnegara-negara dalam bentuk tertulis dan diatur oleh hukum internasional. Perlu diperhatikan, Konvensi Wina 1969 memang merupakan salah satu instrumen utama dalam hukum internasional yang mengatur tentang perjanjian internasional. Akan tetapi, keberlakuan aturan dalam konvensi tersebut terbatas hanya terhadap perjanjian antarnegara, dan tidak berlaku untuk perjanjian antara negara dengan organisasi internasional maupun perjanjian antara sesama organisasi internasional. Dalam hukum internasional, perjanjian antara negara dengan organisasi internasional maupun perjanjian antara sesama organisasi internasional diatur dalam konvensi terpisah yakni **[Konvensi Wina 1986](https://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/conventions/1_2_1986.pdf)**. Pemisahan tersebut dilakukan atas dasar pertimbangan bahwa kewenangan membuat perjanjian internasional oleh organisasi internasional berlainan dengan kewenangan membuat perjanjian internasional oleh negara, demikian pula prosedur untuk membuat perjanjian internasional yang dilakukan oleh negara berbeda dengan prosedur yang dilakukan oleh organisasi internasional.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Karena adanya perbedaan prosedur tersebut, guna menyederhanakan jawaban, kami akan fokus membahas proses/tahapan pembuatan perjanjian internasional yang dibuat oleh negara saja. ### **Tahapan Perjanjian Internasional** Selanjutnya, menyambung pertanyaan Anda, apa saja tahapan dalam proses pembuatan perjanjian internasional? Pada pokoknya, ada tiga tahapan pembuatan perjanjian internasional. Adapun 3 tahapan perjanjian internasional ialah sebagai berikut.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) 1. #### **Negosiasi/Perundingan Perjanjian Internasional** Tahapan perjanjian internasional yang pertama adalah perundingan, di mana biasanya didahului oleh pendekatan-pendekatan oleh pihak yang bermaksud mengadakan perjanjian internasional, atau yang dalam bahasa diplomatik dikenal dengan _lobbying_. _Lobbying_ dapat dilakukan secara formal maupun secara nonformal. Bila dalam _lobbying_ telah ada titik terang tentang kesepakatan tentang suatu masalah, maka kemudian diadakan perundingan secara resmi yang akan dilakukan oleh orang-orang yang resmi mewakili negaranya, menerima kesepakatan yang telah dirumuskan, dan mengesahkannya.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Orang-orang yang berwenang mewakili negaranya ini diatur lebih lanjut dalam **Pasal 7 Konvensi Wina 1969**, di antaranya yaitu kepala negara (seperti presiden), kepala pemerintahan (seperti perdana menteri), dan menteri luar negeri. Dalam tahapan perundingan ini terdapat juga proses penerimaan teks (_adoption of the text_),[\[4\]](#_ftn4) di mana para pihak yang berunding merumuskan teks dari perjanjian yang kemudian diterima oleh masing-masing pihak peserta perundingan. Penerimaan naskah/teks dalam konferensi yang melibatkan banyak negara dilakukan dengan persetujuan 2/3 dari negara yang hadir dan menggunakan suaranya, kecuali jika 2/3 negara tersebut setuju untuk memberlakukan ketentuan lain.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) 2. #### **Penandatanganan Perjanjian Internasional** Setelah adanya penerimaan teks dalam tahapan perundingan, tahapan perjanjian internasional selanjutnya adalah dilakukan pengesahan teks yang telah diterima oleh peserta perundingan tadi.[\[6\]](#_ftn6) Proses atau tahap pengesahan teks perjanjian internasional dilakukan sesuai kesepakatan para peserta perundingan, atau dengan pembubuhan tanda tangan wakil negara dalam teks perjanjian internasional tersebut.[\[7\]](#_ftn7) 3. #### **Ratifikasi Perjanjian Internasional (jika perlu)** Menurut **Pasal 1 angka 2** **[UU 24/2000](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17498/nprt/15/uu-no-24-tahun-2000-perjanjian-internasional?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_24_2000)**, ratifikasi merupakan salah satu perbuatan hukum untuk mengikatkan diri pada suatu perjanjian internasional. Namun, dari perspektif hukum perjanjian internasional, proses ratifikasi ini tak selalu diperlukan agar sebuah perjanjian internasional bisa berlaku mengikat terhadap suatu negara. Hal ini dikarenakan, bisa saja peserta perundingan perjanjian internasional menyepakati bahwa penandatanganan perjanjian saja sudah cukup menandakan persetujuan negara terhadap perjanjian tersebut.[\[8\]](#_ftn8) Proses ratifikasi ini diperlukan, di antaranya jika teks perjanjian internasional terkait menyatakan bahwa persetujuan negara untuk terikat ditunjukkan dengan cara ratifikasi.[\[9\]](#_ftn9) Di Indonesia, ratifikasi sebagai pengesahan perjanjian internasional ini dilakukan dengan undang-undang atau keputusan presiden.[\[10\]](#_ftn10) Sebagai catatan, selain ratifikasi, ada juga berbagai cara lainnya untuk menunjukkan persetujuan sebuah negara untuk terikat kepada perjanjian internasional, seperti aksesi (_accession_), penerimaan (_acceptance_) dan penyetujuan (_approval_). Penggunaan cara-cara tersebut bisa dilakukan tergantung kepada persetujuan para pihak dan ketentuan dalam perjanjian internasional.[\[11\]](#_ftn11) Dapat disimpulkan bahwa singkatnya, ada 3 tahapan dalam perjanjian internasional adalah pembentukannya melalui perundingan, penandatanganan, hingga ratifikasi jika diperlukan. Demikian jawaban kami mengenai tahapan dalam perjanjian internasional, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Statuta Mahkamah Internasional [](https://www.icj-cij.org/en/statute) Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 1969 [](https://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/conventions/1_1_1969.pdf) Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties between States and International Organizations or between International Organizations 1986 [](https://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/conventions/1_2_1986.pdf) Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2000 tentang Perjanjian Internasional [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17498/nprt/15/uu-no-24-tahun-2000-perjanjian-internasional?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_24_2000) REFERENSI --------- 1. I Made Pasek Diantha, dkk. _Buku Ajar Hukum Perjanjian Internasional_. Bagian Hukum Internasional, Fakultas Hukum Universitas Udayana, 2016; 2. Sri Setianingsih Suwardi, Ida Kurnia. _Hukum Perjanjian Internasional_. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2019. * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Sri S. Suwardi, Ida Kurnia, _Hukum Perjanjian Internasional_, Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2019, hal. 4 [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Sri S. Suwardi, Ida Kurnia, _Hukum Perjanjian Internasional_, Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2019, hal. 25; I Made Pasek Diantha, dkk, _Buku Ajar Hukum Perjanjian Internasional_, Bagian Hukum Internasional: Fakultas Hukum Universitas Udayana, 2016, hal. 19 [\[3\]](#_ftnref3)  Sri S. Suwardi, Ida Kurnia, _Hukum Perjanjian Internasional_, Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2019, hal. 24–25. [\[4\]](#_ftnref4)  Sri S. Suwardi, Ida Kurnia, _Hukum Perjanjian Internasional_, Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2019, hal. 29. [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Pasal 9 ayat (2) [Konvensi Wina 1969](https://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/conventions/1_1_1969.pdf) [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Sri S. Suwardi, Ida Kurnia, _Hukum Perjanjian Internasional_, Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2019, hal 29. [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Pasal 10 Konvensi Wina 1969 [\[8\]](#_ftnref8) Pasal 12 ayat (1) huruf b Konvensi Wina 1969 [\[9\]](#_ftnref9) Pasal 14 ayat (1) huruf a Konvensi Wina 1969 [\[10\]](#_ftnref10) Pasal 9 ayat (2) [Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2000 tentang Perjanjian Internasional](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17498/nprt/15/uu-no-24-tahun-2000-perjanjian-internasional?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_24_2000) [\[11\]](#_ftnref11) Pasal 11 Konvensi Wina 1969 Tags ---- [hukum internasional](/tag/hukum-internasional) [internasional](/tag/internasional) [perjanjian internasional](/tag/perjanjian-internasional)
ULASAN LENGKAPKLINIK TERKAITHukumnya Dosen yang Menyulitkan Skripsi Mahasiswa23 Des 2022Surat Izin Penelitian Mahasiswa di Jakarta Diajukan ke Siapa?06 Okt 2022Bolehkah Kampus Skorsing Mahasiswa Tanpa Surat Peringatan?08 Mar 2022Mahasiswa Tewas Saat Diklatsar Menwa, Ini Hukumnya03 Nov 2021Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul Visa Pelajar dan Izin Tinggal Bagi Mahasiswa Asing di Indonesia yang dibuat oleh Sovia Hasanah, S.H. dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Rabu, 6 Desember 2017. Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika. Prosedur WNA Menjadi Mahasiswa di IndonesiaWarga negara asing (“WNA”) yang dapat menjadi mahasiswa di perguruan tinggi terdiri atas WNA yang berada di luar negeri atau yang berada di Indonesia. Persyaratan WNA untuk menjadi calon mahasiswa pada perguruan tinggi di Indonesia meliputi:[1]memenuhi persyaratan akademik untuk mengikuti pendidikan tinggi di Indonesia;memiliki sumber pembiayaan untuk menjamin kelangsungan mengikuti pendidikan di perguruan tinggi;diterima oleh perguruan tinggi sebagai mahasiswa;memiliki izin belajar dari Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset dan Teknologi (“Kemendikbudristek”);memiliki visa atau izin tinggal di Indonesia; danmematuhi peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia dan ketentuan perguruan tinggi yang dituju.Prosedur bagi WNA untuk menjadi mahasiswa pada perguruan tinggi meliputi:[2]melamar langsung kepada perguruan tinggi yang dituju; dan/ataumengikuti tes masuk perguruan tinggi; danmengurus izin belajar ke Kemendikbudristek.  Visa dan Izin Tinggal Terbatas untuk Mahasiswa AsingWNA yang berada di luar negeri dan diterima di perguruan tinggi mengurus visa ke Perwakilan Republik Indonesia tempat yang bersangkutan berdomisili/tinggal dengan menggunakan surat keterangan atau pernyataan diterima pada perguruan tinggi di Indonesia.[3]Kemudian, untuk WNA yang sudah berada di Indonesia dan diterima di perguruan tinggi mengurus izin tinggal sesuai peraturan perundang-undangan dengan menggunakan izin belajar dari Direktorat Jenderal Kelembagaan Iptek dan Dikti.[4]Visa bagi mahasiswa asing termasuk kategori visa tinggal terbatas. Apa yang dimaksud dengan visa tinggal terbatas? Pasal 106 angka 3 Perppu 2/2022 yang mengubah Pasal 39 ayat (1) UU Keimigrasian mengatur visa tinggal terbatas diberikan kepada orang asing:sebagai rohaniwan, tenaga ahli, pekerja, peneliti, pelajar, investor, rumah kedua, dan keluarganya, serta orang asing yang kawin secara sah dengan warga negara indonesia, yang akan melakukan perjalanan ke wilayah Indonesia untuk bertempat tinggal dalam jangka waktu yang terbatas; ataudalam rangka bergabung untuk bekerja di atas kapal, alat apung, atau instalasi yang beroperasi di wilayah perairan nusantara, laut teritorial, landas kontinen, dan/atau Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif Indonesia.Permohonan visa tinggal terbatas diajukan oleh orang asing atau penjamin kepada Menteri Hukum dan HAM atau pejabat imigrasi yang ditunjuk dengan mengisi aplikasi data dan melampirkan persyaratan:[5]surat penjaminan dari penjamin; fotokopi paspor kebangsaan yang sah dan masih berlaku: paling singkat 12 bulan bagi yang akan melakukan pekerjaan di wilayah Indonesia untuk waktu paling lama 6 bulan; paling singkat 18 bulan bagi yang akan melakukan pekerjaan atau tinggal di wilayah Indonesia untuk waktu paling lama 1 tahun; atau paling singkat 30 bulan bagi yang akan melakukan pekerjaan atau tinggal di Wilayah Indonesia untuk waktu paling lama 2 tahun. keterangan berkelakuan baik dari otoritas berwenang di negara asal atau perwakilan negara asal orang asing; hasil pemeriksaan kesehatan yang menyatakan bebas dari penyakit menular yang membahayakan kesehatan umum; bukti memiliki biaya hidup bagi dirinya dan/atau keluarganya selama berada di wilayah Indonesia; dan pas foto berwarna.Selanjutnya mengenai pemberian izin tinggal terbatas bagi orang asing yang mengikuti pendidikan diajukan oleh orang asing atau penjaminnya kepada kepala kantor imigrasi atau pejabat imigrasi yang ditunjuk yang wilayah kerjanya meliputi tempat tinggal orang asing,[6] dengan mengisi aplikasi data dan melampirkan persyaratan:[7]surat penjaminan dari penjamin; paspor kebangsaan yang sah dan masih berlaku; dan surat rekomendasi dari instansi dan/atau lembaga pemerintahan terkait.Berapa lama izin tinggal terbatas? Izin tinggal terbatas diberikan untuk waktu paling lama 5 tahun dan dapat diperpanjang dengan ketentuan keseluruhan izin tinggal tidak lebih dari 10 tahun.[8] Jika ingin memperpanjang izin tinggal terbatas, berikut Syarat Perpanjangan Izin Tinggal Terbatas. Syarat Umum:Formulir yang sudah diisi lengkap (tersedia di kantor Imigrasi);Fotokopi dan asli paspor kebangsaan atau dokumen perjalanan serta bukti visa;Fotokopi dan asli KITAS lama (bagi yang telah memiliki KITAS);Surat permohonan dari penjamin yang ditujukan kepada Kepala Kantor; Surat penjaminan dari penjamin bermaterai Rp10.000;KTP (e-KTP) penjamin;Surat keterangan tempat tinggal;Surat kuasa dalam hal pengurusan melalui kuasa;Syarat Khusus untuk WNA yang mengikuti pendidikan dan pelatihan: Rekomendasi dari Kemendikbudristek atau lembaga pemerintah yang membidangi.Rekomendasi dari Setneg bagi orang asing penerima beasiswa dari RI. Izin Belajar untuk Mahasiswa AsingSelain visa tinggal terbatas dan izin tinggal terbatas, WNA yang belajar di perguruan tinggi di Indonesia juga harus mengurus izin belajar. Syarat untuk mendapatkan izin belajar bagi mahasiswa asing disarikan dari Mengurus Izin Belajar bagi Mahasiswa Asing adalah sebagai berikut.Hasil pindaian surat permohonan izin belajar bagi mahasiswa asing dari perguruan tinggi ditujukan kepada Direktur Pembinaan Kelembagaan Perguruan Tinggi;Informasi terkait program studi dan data pribadi;Hasil pindaian surat diterima di perguruan tinggi;Hasil pindaian ijazah atau transkrip akademik;Hasil pindaian paspor;Hasil pindaian surat pernyataan untuk tidak akan bekerja selama belajar di Indonesia;Tidak berpartisipasi di dalam aktivitas politik;Mematuhi peraturan perundang-undangan yang ada di Indonesia;Hasil pindaian surat pernyataan dari penjamin atau penanggung jawab selama belajar;Hasil pindaian surat keterangan jaminan biaya;Hasil pindaian surat keterangan sehat;Hasil pindaian foto berwarna ukuran paspor;Hasil pindaian KITAS dan STM/SKLD;Hasil pindaian transkrip akademik.Bagaimana prosedur permohonan izin belajar bagi mahasiswa asing?Mahasiswa Asing mempersiapkan persyaratan izin belajar dan menyampaikan kepada perguruan tinggi.Perguruan tinggi melengkapi dokumen yang dipersyaratkan dan mengajukan permohonan izin belajar kepada Direktur Pembinaan Kelembagaan Perguruan Tinggi cq. Subdit Kerjasama Perguruan Tinggi (KPT) melalui aplikasi Izin Belajar Mahasiswa Asing.Subdit KPT menerima dan memproses permohonan izin belajar.Subdit KPT mempersiapkan proses clearing house untuk melakukan evaluasi dan pengawasan mahasiswa asing.Subdit KPT menyampaikan surat izin belajar hasil clearing house kepada perguruan tinggi.Perguruan tinggi menyampaikan surat izin belajar kepada mahasiswa asing.WNA yang belajar pada perguruan tinggi di Indonesia wajib memperpanjang izin belajar dan izin tinggal sesuai dengan lama pendidikan di perguruan tinggi yang diikuti dan peraturan perundang-undangan, setelah mendapat rekomendasi dari pimpinan perguruan tinggi.[9] Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUMUndang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2011 tentang KeimigrasianPeraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta KerjaPeraturan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional Nomor 25 Tahun 2007 tentang Persyaratan dan Prosedur Bagi Warga Negara Asing Untuk Menjadi Mahasiswa Pada Perguruan Tinggi di IndonesiaPeraturan Pemerintah Nomor 31 Tahun 2013 tentang Peraturan Pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2011 tentang KeimigrasianPeraturan Pemerintah Nomor 26 Tahun 2016 Perubahan atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 31 Tahun 2013 tentang Peraturan Pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2011 tentang Keimigrasian Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 51 Tahun 2020 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 31 Tahun 2013 tentang Peraturan Pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2011 tentang KeimigrasianPeraturan Pemerintah Nomor 48 Tahun 2021 tentang Perubahan Ketiga atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 31 Tahun 2013 tentang Peraturan Pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2011 tentang Keimigrasian REFERENSIMengurus Izin Belajar bagi Mahasiswa Asing, yang diakses pada 9 Maret 2023, pukul 17.32 WIB;Syarat Perpanjangan Izin Tinggal Terbatas, yang diakses pada 9 Maret 2023, pukul 17.59 WIB.[1] Pasal 2 dan Pasal 3 Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional Nomor 25 Tahun 2007 tentang Persyaratan dan Prosedur Bagi Warga Negara Asing Untuk Menjadi Mahasiswa Pada Perguruan Tinggi di Indonesia (“Permendiknas 25/2007”)[2] Pasal 4 ayat (1) Permendiknas 25/2007[3] Pasal 5 ayat (1) Permendiknas 25/2007[4] Pasal 5 ayat (2) Permendiknas 25/2007[5] Pasal 103 ayat (1) Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 48 Tahun 2021 tentang Perubahan Ketiga atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 31 Tahun 2013 tentang Peraturan Pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2011 tentang Keimigrasian (“PP 48/2021”)[6] Pasal 142 ayat (1) PP 48/2021[7] Pasal 142 ayat (2) huruf e PP 48/2021[8] Pasal 148 PP 48/2021[9] Pasal 6 Permendiknas 25/2007Tagskampusmahasiswamahasiswipendidikan dan kebudayaanperguruan tinggiuniversitas
Saya pernah menjadi relawan di Cina. Saya bertemu dengan teman yang ingin sekali mempelajari bahasa Indonesia dengan mendalam serta budaya Indonesia. Ia ingin sekali untuk kuliah di Indonesia sebagai mahasiswa asing. Saya ingin menanyakan bagaimana prosedur sebenarnya untuk menjadi mahasiswa asing terutama mengenai pengurusan visa pelajar dan izin tinggal? Kami tidak ingin diakali oleh konsultan pendidikan yang akan membantu pengurusan visa tersebut, karena banyak mendengar pengalaman teman saya yang lainnya banyak yang diakali oleh pihak konsultan pendidikan. Terima kasih.
Warga negara asing (“WNA”) dapat menjadi mahasiswa pada perguruan tinggi di Indonesia. Sebelum menjalani kegiatan perkuliahan di Indonesia, WNA tersebut harus mengurus visa, izin tinggal terbatas, hingga izin belajar. Bagaimana peryaratan yang harus dipenuhi oleh mahasiswa asing di Indonesia?   Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Hukumnya Dosen yang Menyulitkan Skripsi Mahasiswa23 Des 2022Surat Izin Penelitian Mahasiswa di Jakarta Diajukan ke Siapa?06 Okt 2022Bolehkah Kampus Skorsing Mahasiswa Tanpa Surat Peringatan?08 Mar 2022Mahasiswa Tewas Saat Diklatsar Menwa, Ini Hukumnya03 Nov 2021Hukumnya Dosen yang Menyulitkan Skripsi Mahasiswa23 Des 2022Surat Izin Penelitian Mahasiswa di Jakarta Diajukan ke Siapa?06 Okt 2022Bolehkah Kampus Skorsing Mahasiswa Tanpa Surat Peringatan?08 Mar 2022Mahasiswa Tewas Saat Diklatsar Menwa, Ini Hukumnya03 Nov 2021Jika Polisi Menolak Laporan Masyarakat, Lakukan Ini15 Jan 2024Cara Hitung Pesangon Berdasarkan UU Cipta Kerja18 Agu 2023Somasi: Pengertian, Dasar Hukum, dan Cara Membuatnya 7 Jun 2023Jika Polisi Menolak Laporan Masyarakat, Lakukan Ini15 Jan 2024Cara Hitung Pesangon Berdasarkan UU Cipta Kerja18 Agu 2023Somasi: Pengertian, Dasar Hukum, dan Cara Membuatnya 7 Jun 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/syarat-visa-dan-izin-tinggal-terbatas-untuk-mahasiswa-asing-lt5a25fcb50a593/
Syarat Visa dan Izin Tinggal Terbatas untuk Mahasiswa Asing
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Hukumnya Dosen yang Menyulitkan Skripsi Mahasiswa ](/klinik/a/hukumnya-dosen-yang-menyulitkan-skripsi-mahasiswa-lt63a56b7a9cb01/) ![Hukumnya Dosen yang Menyulitkan Skripsi Mahasiswa](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt63a56b7a9cb01/thumbnail_lt63a56c8bee37b.jpg) 23 Des 2022 [ #### Surat Izin Penelitian Mahasiswa di Jakarta Diajukan ke Siapa? ](/klinik/a/surat-izin-penelitian-mahasiswa-di-jakarta-diajukan-ke-siapa-lt5a4300edb6f97/) ![Surat Izin Penelitian Mahasiswa di Jakarta Diajukan ke Siapa?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt5a4300edb6f97/thumbnail_lt5a435d489cdd3.jpg) 06 Okt 2022 [ #### Bolehkah Kampus Skorsing Mahasiswa Tanpa Surat Peringatan? ](/klinik/a/bolehkah-kampus-skorsing-mahasiswa-tanpa-surat-peringatan-lt5e2550682709c/) ![Bolehkah Kampus Skorsing Mahasiswa Tanpa Surat Peringatan?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt5e2550682709c/thumbnail_lt5e2a9fb22a67e.jpg) 08 Mar 2022 [ #### Mahasiswa Tewas Saat Diklatsar Menwa, Ini Hukumnya ](/klinik/a/mahasiswa-tewas-saat-diklatsar-menwa-ini-hukumnya-lt61828a90acbc4/) ![Mahasiswa Tewas Saat Diklatsar Menwa, Ini Hukumnya](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt61828a90acbc4/thumbnail_lt61828e2f194ab.jpg) 03 Nov 2021 [](#!) Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul _Visa Pelajar dan Izin Tinggal Bagi Mahasiswa Asing di Indonesia_ yang dibuat oleh** **[Sovia Hasanah, S.H.](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/sovia-hasanah--sh-lt57d2913a130b4)** **dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Rabu, 6 Desember 2017.** Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Prosedur WNA Menjadi Mahasiswa di Indonesia** Warga negara asing (“WNA”) yang dapat menjadi mahasiswa di perguruan tinggi terdiri atas WNA yang berada di luar negeri atau yang berada di Indonesia. Persyaratan WNA untuk menjadi calon mahasiswa pada perguruan tinggi di Indonesia meliputi:[\[1\]](#_ftn1) 1. memenuhi persyaratan akademik untuk mengikuti pendidikan tinggi di Indonesia; 2. memiliki sumber pembiayaan untuk menjamin kelangsungan mengikuti pendidikan di perguruan tinggi; 3. diterima oleh perguruan tinggi sebagai mahasiswa; 4. memiliki izin belajar dari Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset dan Teknologi (“Kemendikbudristek”); 5. memiliki visa atau izin tinggal di Indonesia; dan 6. mematuhi peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia dan ketentuan perguruan tinggi yang dituju. Prosedur bagi WNA untuk menjadi mahasiswa pada perguruan tinggi meliputi:[\[2\]](#_ftn2) 1. melamar langsung kepada perguruan tinggi yang dituju; dan/atau 2. mengikuti tes masuk perguruan tinggi; dan 3. mengurus izin belajar ke Kemendikbudristek. ### **Visa dan Izin Tinggal Terbatas untuk Mahasiswa Asing** WNA yang berada di luar negeri dan diterima di perguruan tinggi **mengurus visa** ke Perwakilan Republik Indonesia tempat yang bersangkutan berdomisili/tinggal dengan menggunakan surat keterangan atau pernyataan diterima pada perguruan tinggi di Indonesia.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Kemudian, untuk WNA yang sudah berada di Indonesia dan diterima di perguruan tinggi **mengurus izin tinggal** sesuai peraturan perundang-undangan dengan menggunakan izin belajar dari Direktorat Jenderal Kelembagaan Iptek dan Dikti.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) Visa bagi mahasiswa asing termasuk kategori visa tinggal terbatas. Apa yang dimaksud dengan visa tinggal terbatas? **Pasal 106 angka 3 [Perppu 2/2022](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022) yang mengubah** **Pasal 39 ayat (1)** **[UU Keimigrasian](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4dd0e447183ec/undangundang-nomor-6-tahun-2011/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_6_2011)** mengatur visa tinggal terbatas diberikan kepada orang asing: 1. sebagai rohaniwan, tenaga ahli, pekerja, peneliti, pelajar, investor, rumah kedua, dan keluarganya, serta orang asing yang kawin secara sah dengan warga negara indonesia, yang akan melakukan perjalanan ke wilayah Indonesia untuk bertempat tinggal dalam jangka waktu yang terbatas; atau 2. dalam rangka bergabung untuk bekerja di atas kapal, alat apung, atau instalasi yang beroperasi di wilayah perairan nusantara, laut teritorial, landas kontinen, dan/atau Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif Indonesia. Permohonan visa tinggal terbatas diajukan oleh orang asing atau penjamin kepada Menteri Hukum dan HAM atau pejabat imigrasi yang ditunjuk dengan mengisi aplikasi data dan melampirkan persyaratan:[\[5\]](#_ftn5) 1. surat penjaminan dari penjamin; 2. fotokopi paspor kebangsaan yang sah dan masih berlaku: 1. paling singkat 12 bulan bagi yang akan melakukan pekerjaan di wilayah Indonesia untuk waktu paling lama 6 bulan; 2. paling singkat 18 bulan bagi yang akan melakukan pekerjaan atau tinggal di wilayah Indonesia untuk waktu paling lama 1 tahun; atau 3. paling singkat 30 bulan bagi yang akan melakukan pekerjaan atau tinggal di Wilayah Indonesia untuk waktu paling lama 2 tahun. 3. keterangan berkelakuan baik dari otoritas berwenang di negara asal atau perwakilan negara asal orang asing; 4. hasil pemeriksaan kesehatan yang menyatakan bebas dari penyakit menular yang membahayakan kesehatan umum; 5. bukti memiliki biaya hidup bagi dirinya dan/atau keluarganya selama berada di wilayah Indonesia; dan 6. pas foto berwarna. Selanjutnya mengenai pemberian izin tinggal terbatas bagi orang asing yang mengikuti pendidikan diajukan oleh orang asing atau penjaminnya kepada kepala kantor imigrasi atau pejabat imigrasi yang ditunjuk yang wilayah kerjanya meliputi tempat tinggal orang asing,[\[6\]](#_ftn6) dengan mengisi aplikasi data dan melampirkan persyaratan:[\[7\]](#_ftn7) 1. surat penjaminan dari penjamin; 2. paspor kebangsaan yang sah dan masih berlaku; dan 3. surat rekomendasi dari instansi dan/atau lembaga pemerintahan terkait. Berapa lama izin tinggal terbatas? Izin tinggal terbatas diberikan untuk waktu paling lama 5 tahun dan dapat diperpanjang dengan ketentuan keseluruhan izin tinggal tidak lebih dari 10 tahun.[\[8\]](#_ftn8) Jika ingin memperpanjang izin tinggal terbatas, berikut [**Syarat Perpanjangan Izin Tinggal Terbatas**](https://www.imigrasi.go.id/id/perpanjangan-izin-tinggal-terbatas/). Syarat Umum: 1. Formulir yang sudah diisi lengkap (tersedia di kantor Imigrasi); 2. Fotokopi dan asli paspor kebangsaan atau dokumen perjalanan serta bukti visa; 3. Fotokopi dan asli KITAS lama (bagi yang telah memiliki KITAS); 4. Surat permohonan dari penjamin yang ditujukan kepada Kepala Kantor;  5. Surat penjaminan dari penjamin bermaterai Rp10.000; 6. KTP (e-KTP) penjamin; 7. Surat keterangan tempat tinggal; 8. Surat kuasa dalam hal pengurusan melalui kuasa; Syarat Khusus untuk WNA yang mengikuti pendidikan dan pelatihan: 1. Rekomendasi dari Kemendikbudristek atau lembaga pemerintah yang membidangi. 2. Rekomendasi dari Setneg bagi orang asing penerima beasiswa dari RI. ### **Izin Belajar untuk Mahasiswa Asing** Selain visa tinggal terbatas dan izin tinggal terbatas, WNA yang belajar di perguruan tinggi di Indonesia juga harus mengurus izin belajar. Syarat untuk mendapatkan izin belajar bagi mahasiswa asing disarikan dari **[Mengurus Izin Belajar bagi Mahasiswa Asing](https://indonesia.go.id/layanan/pendidikan/sosial/mengurus-izin-belajar-bagi-mahasiswa-asing)** adalah sebagai berikut. 1. Hasil pindaian surat permohonan izin belajar bagi mahasiswa asing dari perguruan tinggi ditujukan kepada Direktur Pembinaan Kelembagaan Perguruan Tinggi; 2. Informasi terkait program studi dan data pribadi; 3. Hasil pindaian surat diterima di perguruan tinggi; 4. Hasil pindaian ijazah atau transkrip akademik; 5. Hasil pindaian paspor; 6. Hasil pindaian surat pernyataan untuk tidak akan bekerja selama belajar di Indonesia; 7. Tidak berpartisipasi di dalam aktivitas politik; 8. Mematuhi peraturan perundang-undangan yang ada di Indonesia; 9. Hasil pindaian surat pernyataan dari penjamin atau penanggung jawab selama belajar; 10. Hasil pindaian surat keterangan jaminan biaya; 11. Hasil pindaian surat keterangan sehat; 12. Hasil pindaian foto berwarna ukuran paspor; 13. Hasil pindaian KITAS dan STM/SKLD; 14. Hasil pindaian transkrip akademik. Bagaimana prosedur permohonan izin belajar bagi mahasiswa asing? 1. Mahasiswa Asing mempersiapkan persyaratan izin belajar dan menyampaikan kepada perguruan tinggi. 2. Perguruan tinggi melengkapi dokumen yang dipersyaratkan dan mengajukan permohonan izin belajar kepada Direktur Pembinaan Kelembagaan Perguruan Tinggi cq. Subdit Kerjasama Perguruan Tinggi (KPT) melalui aplikasi Izin Belajar Mahasiswa Asing. 3. Subdit KPT menerima dan memproses permohonan izin belajar. 4. Subdit KPT mempersiapkan proses clearing house untuk melakukan evaluasi dan pengawasan mahasiswa asing. 5. Subdit KPT menyampaikan surat izin belajar hasil clearing house kepada perguruan tinggi. 6. Perguruan tinggi menyampaikan surat izin belajar kepada mahasiswa asing. WNA yang belajar pada perguruan tinggi di Indonesia wajib memperpanjang izin belajar dan izin tinggal sesuai dengan lama pendidikan di perguruan tinggi yang diikuti dan peraturan perundang-undangan, setelah mendapat rekomendasi dari pimpinan perguruan tinggi.[\[9\]](#_ftn9) Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2011 tentang Keimigrasian [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4dd0e447183ec/undangundang-nomor-6-tahun-2011/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_6_2011) Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022) Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional Nomor 25 Tahun 2007 tentang Persyaratan dan Prosedur Bagi Warga Negara Asing Untuk Menjadi Mahasiswa Pada Perguruan Tinggi di Indonesia [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4cabfab79db64/nprt/lt50f3a2f66c18f/peraturan-menteri-pendidikan-nasional-no-25-tahun-2007-persyaratan-dan-prosedur-bagi-warga-negara-asing-untuk-menjadi-mahasiswa-pada-perguruan-tinggi-dl-indonesia?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=permendiknas_25_2007) Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 31 Tahun 2013 tentang Peraturan Pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2011 tentang Keimigrasian [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt518a19697ab23/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-31-tahun-2013/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=PP_31_2013) Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 26 Tahun 2016 Perubahan atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 31 Tahun 2013 tentang Peraturan Pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2011 tentang Keimigrasian [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt578493f1135b5?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=PP_26_2016)  Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 51 Tahun 2020 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 31 Tahun 2013 tentang Peraturan Pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2011 tentang Keimigrasian [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5f6d901555047?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=PP_51_2020) Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 48 Tahun 2021 tentang Perubahan Ketiga atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 31 Tahun 2013 tentang Peraturan Pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2011 tentang Keimigrasian [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6032472bafe24?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=PP_48_2021) REFERENSI --------- 1. [Mengurus Izin Belajar bagi Mahasiswa Asing](https://indonesia.go.id/layanan/pendidikan/sosial/mengurus-izin-belajar-bagi-mahasiswa-asing), yang diakses pada 9 Maret 2023, pukul 17.32 WIB; 2. [Syarat Perpanjangan Izin Tinggal Terbatas](https://www.imigrasi.go.id/id/perpanjangan-izin-tinggal-terbatas/), yang diakses pada 9 Maret 2023, pukul 17.59 WIB. * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Pasal 2 dan Pasal 3 [Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional Nomor 25 Tahun 2007 tentang Persyaratan dan Prosedur Bagi Warga Negara Asing Untuk Menjadi Mahasiswa Pada Perguruan Tinggi di Indonesia](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4cabfab79db64/nprt/lt50f3a2f66c18f/peraturan-menteri-pendidikan-nasional-no-25-tahun-2007-persyaratan-dan-prosedur-bagi-warga-negara-asing-untuk-menjadi-mahasiswa-pada-perguruan-tinggi-dl-indonesia?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=permendiknas_25_2007) (“Permendiknas 25/2007”) [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal 4 ayat (1) Permendiknas 25/2007 [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 5 ayat (1) Permendiknas 25/2007 [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 5 ayat (2) Permendiknas 25/2007 [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Pasal 103 ayat (1) [Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 48 Tahun 2021 tentang Perubahan Ketiga atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 31 Tahun 2013 tentang Peraturan Pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2011 tentang Keimigrasian](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6032472bafe24?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=PP_48_2021) (“PP 48/2021”) [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Pasal 142 ayat (1) PP 48/2021 [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Pasal 142 ayat (2) huruf e PP 48/2021 [\[8\]](#_ftnref8) Pasal 148 PP 48/2021 [\[9\]](#_ftnref9) Pasal 6 Permendiknas 25/2007 Tags ---- [kampus](/tag/kampus) [mahasiswa](/tag/mahasiswa) [mahasiswi](/tag/mahasiswi) [pendidikan dan kebudayaan](/tag/pendidikan-dan-kebudayaan) [perguruan tinggi](/tag/perguruan-tinggi) [universitas](/tag/universitas)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.Ketentuan Hukum dalam Menggunakan Media SosialKLINIK TERKAITTugas Panitera dan Kode Etik yang Wajib Dipatuhi22 Sep 202210 Prinsip Kode Etik Hakim, Yuk Cari Tahu di Sini!22 Agt 2022Cara Melaporkan Advokat yang Melanggar Kode Etik17 Nov 2021Tugas Majelis Kehormatan Etik Kedokteran dan Majelis Kehormatan Disiplin Kedokteran Indonesia19 Nov 2014Di era digitalisasi, setiap pengguna media sosial (“medsos”) harus bijak dan beretika dalam menggunakan dan membuat konten di media sosial.Dalam pertanyaan Anda, tidak disebutkan secara jelas jenis konten yang dibuat oleh dokter di media sosial hingga membuat gaduh. Namun demikian, secara umum, setiap orang yang membuat konten di media sosial perlu memperhatikan batasan-batasan baik yang ditetapkan oleh norma yang hidup di masyarakat maupun norma hukum.Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Ketentuan hukum yang mengatur mengenai konten media sosial dapat ditemukan di dalam Pasal 27, Pasal 28 dan Pasal 29 UU ITE. Pasal 27 UU ITE melarang setiap orang dengan sengaja dan tanpa hak mendistribusikan, mentransmisikan, dan/atau membuat dapat diaksesnya konten (informasi elektronik dan/atau dokumen elektronik) yang memiliki muatan yang melanggar kesusilaan, perjudian, penghinaan dan/atau pencemaran nama baik, dan pemerasan dan/atau pengancaman.  Sementara, dalam Pasal 28 UU ITE melarang setiap orang dengan sengaja dan tanpa hak menyebarkan berita bohong dan menyesatkan yang merugikan konsumen dalam transaksi elektronik dan menyebarkan informasi yang bertujuan menimbulkan rasa kebencian atau permusuhan berdasarkan SARA.Pasal 29 UU ITE melarang setiap orang dengan sengaja dan tanpa hak mengirimkan konten (informasi elektronik dan/atau dokumen elektronik) yang berisi ancaman kekerasan atau menakut-nakuti yang ditujukan secara pribadi.Apabila dokter yang Anda maksud membuat konten di media sosial yang memenuhi unsur Pasal 27, Pasal 28, ataupun Pasal 29 UU ITE, maka ia dapat dijerat dengan pidana sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 45, Pasal 45A, dan Pasal 45B UU 19/2016.Etika Dokter dalam Membuat Konten Media SosialSementara, dalam menjalankan profesinya, seorang dokter hendaknya mematuhi kode etik dokter maupun fatwa etik baik di lingkungan kerja maupun ketika membuat konten medsos. Hal ini sebagaimana diterangkan dalam Pasal 1 angka 11 UU Praktik Kedokteran yang menyatakan profesi kedokteran atau kedokteran gigi adalah suatu pekerjaan kedokteran atau kedokteran gigi yang dilaksanakan berdasarkan suatu keilmuan, kompetensi yang diperoleh melalui pendidikan yang berjenjang, dan kode etik yang bersifat melayani masyarakat.Menjawab pertanyaan Anda, mengenai etika dokter dalam membuat konten di medsos, diatur dalam fatwa etik yang dimuat dalam SK MKEK 29/2021 sebagai berikut.Dokter harus sepenuhnya menyadari sisi positif dan negatif aktivitas media sosial dalam keseluruhan upaya kesehatan dan harus menaati peraturan perundangan yang berlaku.Dokter selalu mengedepankan nilai integritas, profesionalisme, kesejawatan, kesantunan, dan etika profesi pada aktivitasnya di media sosial.Penggunaan media sosial sebagai upaya kesehatan promotif dan preventif bernilai etika tinggi dan perlu diapresiasi selama sesuai kebenaran ilmiah, etika umum, etika profesi, serta peraturan perundangan yang berlaku.Penggunaan media sosial untuk memberantas hoax atau informasi keliru terkait kesehatan/kedokteran merupakan tindakan mulia selama sesuai kebenaran ilmiah, etika umum, etika profesi, serta peraturan perundangan yang berlaku. Dalam upaya tersebut, dokter harus menyadari potensi berdebat dengan masyarakat. Dalam berdebat di media sosial, dokter perlu mengendalikan diri, tidak membalas dengan keburukan, serta menjaga marwah luhur profesi kedokteran. Apabila terdapat pernyataan yang merendahkan sosok dokter, tenaga kesehatan, maupun profesi/organisasi profesi dokter/kesehatan, dokter harus melaporkan hal tersebut ke otoritas media sosial melalui fitur yang disediakan dan langkah lainnya sesuai peraturan perundangan yang berlaku.Pada penggunaan media sosial, dokter harus menjaga diri dari promosi diri berlebihan dan praktiknya serta mengiklankan suatu produk dan jasa.Pada penggunaan media sosial untuk tujuan konsultasi suatu kasus kedokteran dengan dokter lainnya, dokter harus menggunakan jenis dan fitur media sosial khusus yang terenkripsi end-to-end dan tingkat keamanan baik, dan memakai jalur pribadi kepada dokter yang dikonsultasikan tersebut atau pada grup khusus yang hanya berisikan dokter.Pada penggunaan media sosial termasuk dalam hal memuat gambar, dokter wajib mengikuti peraturan perundangan yang berlaku dan etika profesi. Gambar yang dimuat tidak boleh membuka secara langsung maupun tidak langsung identitas pasien, rahasia kedokteran, privasi pasien/keluarganya, privasi sesama dokter dan tenaga kesehatan, dan peraturan internal RS/klinik. Dalam menampilkan kondisi klinis pasien atau hasil pemeriksaan penunjang pasien untuk tujuan pendidikan, hanya boleh dilakukan atas persetujuan pasien serta identitas pasien seperti wajah dan nama yang dikaburkan. Hal ini dikecualikan pada penggunaan media sosial dengan maksud konsultasi suatu kasus kedokteran sebagaimana yang diatur pada poin 6.Pada penggunaan media sosial dengan tujuan memberikan edukasi kesehatan bagi masyarakat, sebaiknya dibuat dalam akun terpisah dengan akun pertemanan supaya fokus pada tujuan. Bila akun yang sama juga digunakan untuk pertemanan, maka dokter harus memahami dan mengelola ekspektasi masyarakat terhadap profesi kedokteran.Pada penggunaan media sosial dengan tujuan edukasi ilmu kedokteran dan kesehatan yang terbatas pada dokter dan/atau tenaga kesehatan, hendaknya menggunakan akun terpisah dan memilah sasaran informasi khusus dokter/tenaga kesehatan.Pada penggunaan media sosial dengan tujuan pertemanan, dokter dapat bebas berekspresi sebagai hak privat sesuai ketentuan etika umum dan peraturan perundangan yang berlaku dengan memilih platform media sosial yang diatur khusus untuk pertemanan dan tidak untuk dilihat publik.Dokter perlu selektif memasukkan pasiennya ke daftar teman pada akun pertemanan karena dapat mempengaruhi hubungan dokter-pasien.Dokter dapat membalas dengan baik dan wajar pujian pasien/masyarakat atas pelayanan medisnya sebagai balasan di akun pasien/masyarakat tersebut. Namun sebaiknya dokter menghindari untuk mendesain pujian pasien/masyarakat atas dirinya yang dikirim ke publik menggunakan akun media sosial dokter sebagai tindakan memuji diri secara berlebihan.Pada kondisi di mana dokter memandang aktivitas media sosial sejawatnya terdapat kekeliruan, maka dokter harus mengingatkannya melalui jalur pribadi. Apabila dokter tersebut tidak bersedia diingatkan dan memperbaiki perilaku aktivitasnya di media sosial, maka dokter dapat melaporkan kepada MKEK.Jika Terjadi Pelanggaran Etika DokterApabila terjadi pelanggaran ketentuan fatwa etik dokter dalam membuat konten di medsos sebagaimana disebutkan di atas, maka berdasarkan SK MKEK 29/2021 menyatakan Majelis Kehormatan Etik Kedokteran (“MKEK”) berwenang melakukan klarifikasi terhadap suatu informasi dugaan pelanggaran etik, pembinaan, dan atau proses kemahkamahan pada dokter yang tidak sesuai dengan isi fatwa.Salah satu wewenang MKEK yang diatur dalam Pasal 9 angka 8 Pedoman Organisasi dan Tatalaksana MKEK 2018 (“Pedoman MKEK 2018”)yaitu:MKEK Pusat melakukan pengumpulan semua data dan informasi tentang pengaduan etika, konflik etik dan atau sengketa medik yang diperoleh dan diselesaikan oleh segenap lembaga di jajaran dan perangkat IDI yang setingkat dan data dari MKEK Wilayah, dan Dewan Etik PDSp. Sedangkan MKEK Wilayah dari segenap lembaga di jajaran dan perangkat IDI yang setingkat dan data dari MKEK Cabang.MKEK juga melakukan kewenangan lain dalam pembinaan etika kedokteran yang ditetapkan kemudian oleh PB IDI bersama dengan MKEK pusat.[1]Dalam konteks dokter yang membuat konten di medsos, jika ada dugaan pelanggaran etik, maka MKEK akan menerima pengaduan, kemudian melakukan penelaahan, persidangan, hingga putusan.[2] Putusan MKEK menetapkan bersalah atau tidak bersalah dokter teradu dengan menyatakan melanggar atau tidak melanggar butir sumpah dokter dan pasal-pasal kode etik kedokteran Indonesia beserta pasal cakupannya, atau fatwa etik kedokteran.[3]Putusan bersalah akan diikuti dengan pemberian sanksi dan pembinaan etik.[4] Adapun jenis sanksi yang dapat diberikan MKEK terhadap pelanggaran etik yang dilakukan oleh dokter, menurut Pasal 29 angka 1 Pedoman MKEK 2018 terbagi dalam empat kategori, yaitu:Kategori 1, bersifat murni pembinaan;Kategori 2, bersifat penginsafan tanpa pemberhentian keanggotaan;Kategori 3, bersifat penginsafan dengan pemberhentian keanggotaan sementara;Kategori 4, bersifat pemberhentian keanggotaan tetap.Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat.DASAR HUKUMUndang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi ElektronikUndang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi ElektronikUndang-Undang Nomor 29 Tahun 2004 tentang Praktik KedokteranSurat Keputusan Majelis Kehormatan Etik Kedokteran Nomor 029/PB/K/MKEK/04/2021 tentang Fatwa Etik Dokter Dalam Aktivitas Media SosialPedoman Organisasi dan Tatalaksana Majelis Kehormatan Etik Kedokteran 2018[1] Pasal 9 angka 11 Pedoman Organisasi dan Tatalaksana Majelis Kehormatan Etik Kedokteran 2018 (“Pedoman MKEK 2018”)[2] Pasal 22 – Pasal 28 Pedoman MKEK 2018.[3] Pasal 28 angka 1 Pedoman MKEK 2018.[4] Pasal 28 angka 2 Pedoman MKEK 2018.Tagsdokteretikakedokterankode etikpraktik kedokteranuu praktik kedokteran
Belum lama ini hangat dibicarakan dokter yang mengunggah konten di media sosial dan membuat gaduh dunia maya. Yang ingin saya tanyakan, adakah aturan mengenai kode etik seorang dokter dalam membuat konten di media sosial?
Di era digitalisasi saat ini, setiap pengguna media sosial dituntut untuk bijak dan memperhatikan etika dalam membuat konten, termasuk kalangan profesi dokter. Ketentuan mengenai etika dokter dalam bermedia sosial terdapat dalam fatwa etik dokter yang dimuat dalam SK MKEK 29/2021. Bagaimana bunyi ketentuannya? Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Tugas Panitera dan Kode Etik yang Wajib Dipatuhi22 Sep 202210 Prinsip Kode Etik Hakim, Yuk Cari Tahu di Sini!22 Agt 2022Cara Melaporkan Advokat yang Melanggar Kode Etik17 Nov 2021Tugas Majelis Kehormatan Etik Kedokteran dan Majelis Kehormatan Disiplin Kedokteran Indonesia19 Nov 2014Tugas Panitera dan Kode Etik yang Wajib Dipatuhi22 Sep 202210 Prinsip Kode Etik Hakim, Yuk Cari Tahu di Sini!22 Agt 2022Cara Melaporkan Advokat yang Melanggar Kode Etik17 Nov 2021Tugas Majelis Kehormatan Etik Kedokteran dan Majelis Kehormatan Disiplin Kedokteran Indonesia19 Nov 2014Langkah Jika Jual Beli Tanah HGB yang Belum Balik Nama15 Mei 2024Simak! Ini 5 Langkah Merger PT 22 Mei 2023Kiat-kiat Membeli Tanah Girik yang Aman4 Jun 2024Langkah Jika Jual Beli Tanah HGB yang Belum Balik Nama15 Mei 2024Simak! Ini 5 Langkah Merger PT 22 Mei 2023Kiat-kiat Membeli Tanah Girik yang Aman4 Jun 2024
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/etika-dokter-dalam-membuat-konten-medsos-lt640aeb611e0d7/
Etika Dokter dalam Membuat Konten Medsos
pages/157/page-8.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Ketentuan Hukum dalam Menggunakan Media Sosial** ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Tugas Panitera dan Kode Etik yang Wajib Dipatuhi ](/klinik/a/tugas-panitera-dan-kode-etik-panitera-lt58174099da1ef/) ![Tugas Panitera dan Kode Etik yang Wajib Dipatuhi](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt58174099da1ef/thumbnail_lt632c3accb9de5.jpg) 22 Sep 2022 [ #### 10 Prinsip Kode Etik Hakim, Yuk Cari Tahu di Sini! ](/klinik/a/10-prinsip-kode-etik-hakim-yuk-cari-tahu-di-sini-lt630335ad22e26/) ![10 Prinsip Kode Etik Hakim, Yuk Cari Tahu di Sini!](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt630335ad22e26/thumbnail_lt630336a1cce0d.jpg) 22 Agt 2022 [ #### Cara Melaporkan Advokat yang Melanggar Kode Etik ](/klinik/a/cara-melaporkan-advokat-yang-melanggar-kode-etik-lt6191aaed2952e/) ![Cara Melaporkan Advokat yang Melanggar Kode Etik](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt6191aaed2952e/thumbnail_lt6194d1c522820.jpg) 17 Nov 2021 [ #### Tugas Majelis Kehormatan Etik Kedokteran dan Majelis Kehormatan Disiplin Kedokteran Indonesia ](/klinik/a/tugas-majelis-kehormatan-etik-kedokteran-dan-majelis-kehormatan-disiplin-kedokteran-indonesia-lt546814ab747dc/) ![Tugas Majelis Kehormatan Etik Kedokteran dan Majelis Kehormatan Disiplin Kedokteran Indonesia](https://static.hukumonline.com/frontend/default/images/kaze/thumbnail_default.jpg) 19 Nov 2014 [](#!) Di era digitalisasi, setiap pengguna media sosial (“medsos”) harus bijak dan beretika dalam menggunakan dan membuat konten di media sosial. Dalam pertanyaan Anda, tidak disebutkan secara jelas jenis konten yang dibuat oleh dokter di media sosial hingga membuat gaduh. Namun demikian, secara umum, setiap orang yang membuat konten di media sosial perlu memperhatikan batasan-batasan baik yang ditetapkan oleh norma yang hidup di masyarakat maupun norma hukum. Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Ketentuan hukum yang mengatur mengenai konten media sosial dapat ditemukan di dalam **Pasal 27, Pasal 28 dan Pasal 29** [**UU ITE**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/27912/nprt/1011/uu-no-11-tahun-2008-informasi-dan-transaksi-elektronik?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_ite)**.** Pasal 27 UU ITE melarang setiap orang dengan sengaja dan tanpa hak mendistribusikan, mentransmisikan, dan/atau membuat dapat diaksesnya konten (informasi elektronik dan/atau dokumen elektronik) yang memiliki muatan yang melanggar kesusilaan, perjudian, penghinaan dan/atau pencemaran nama baik, dan pemerasan dan/atau pengancaman.   Sementara, dalam Pasal 28 UU ITE melarang setiap orang dengan sengaja dan tanpa hak menyebarkan berita bohong dan menyesatkan yang merugikan konsumen dalam transaksi elektronik dan menyebarkan informasi yang bertujuan menimbulkan rasa kebencian atau permusuhan berdasarkan SARA. Pasal 29 UU ITE melarang setiap orang dengan sengaja dan tanpa hak mengirimkan konten (informasi elektronik dan/atau dokumen elektronik) yang berisi ancaman kekerasan atau menakut-nakuti yang ditujukan secara pribadi. Apabila dokter yang Anda maksud membuat konten di media sosial yang memenuhi unsur Pasal 27, Pasal 28, ataupun Pasal 29 UU ITE, maka ia dapat dijerat dengan pidana sebagaimana diatur dalam **Pasal 45, Pasal 45A, dan Pasal 45B [UU 19/2016](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt584a7363785c8?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_19_2016)**. ### **Etika Dokter dalam Membuat Konten Media Sosial** Sementara, dalam menjalankan profesinya, seorang dokter hendaknya mematuhi kode etik dokter maupun fatwa etik baik di lingkungan kerja maupun ketika membuat konten medsos. Hal ini sebagaimana diterangkan dalam **Pasal 1 angka 11** [**UU Praktik Kedokteran**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/19808/undangundang-nomor-29-tahun-2004?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_29_2004) yang menyatakan profesi kedokteran atau kedokteran gigi adalah suatu pekerjaan kedokteran atau kedokteran gigi yang dilaksanakan berdasarkan suatu keilmuan, kompetensi yang diperoleh melalui pendidikan yang berjenjang, dan kode etik yang bersifat melayani masyarakat. Menjawab pertanyaan Anda, mengenai etika dokter dalam membuat konten di medsos, diatur dalam fatwa etik yang dimuat dalam [**SK MKEK 29/2021**](http://mkekidi.id/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/SK-MKEK-029-Fatwa-Etik-Medsos.pdf) sebagai berikut. 1. Dokter harus sepenuhnya menyadari sisi positif dan negatif aktivitas media sosial dalam keseluruhan upaya kesehatan dan harus menaati peraturan perundangan yang berlaku. 2. Dokter selalu mengedepankan nilai integritas, profesionalisme, kesejawatan, kesantunan, dan etika profesi pada aktivitasnya di media sosial. 3. Penggunaan media sosial sebagai upaya kesehatan promotif dan preventif bernilai etika tinggi dan perlu diapresiasi selama sesuai kebenaran ilmiah, etika umum, etika profesi, serta peraturan perundangan yang berlaku. 4. Penggunaan media sosial untuk memberantas _hoax_ atau informasi keliru terkait kesehatan/kedokteran merupakan tindakan mulia selama sesuai kebenaran ilmiah, etika umum, etika profesi, serta peraturan perundangan yang berlaku. Dalam upaya tersebut, dokter harus menyadari potensi berdebat dengan masyarakat. Dalam berdebat di media sosial, dokter perlu mengendalikan diri, tidak membalas dengan keburukan, serta menjaga marwah luhur profesi kedokteran. Apabila terdapat pernyataan yang merendahkan sosok dokter, tenaga kesehatan, maupun profesi/organisasi profesi dokter/kesehatan, dokter harus melaporkan hal tersebut ke otoritas media sosial melalui fitur yang disediakan dan langkah lainnya sesuai peraturan perundangan yang berlaku. 5. Pada penggunaan media sosial, dokter harus menjaga diri dari promosi diri berlebihan dan praktiknya serta mengiklankan suatu produk dan jasa. 6. Pada penggunaan media sosial untuk tujuan konsultasi suatu kasus kedokteran dengan dokter lainnya, dokter harus menggunakan jenis dan fitur media sosial khusus yang terenkripsi _end-to-end_ dan tingkat keamanan baik, dan memakai jalur pribadi kepada dokter yang dikonsultasikan tersebut atau pada grup khusus yang hanya berisikan dokter. 7. Pada penggunaan media sosial termasuk dalam hal memuat gambar, dokter wajib mengikuti peraturan perundangan yang berlaku dan etika profesi. Gambar yang dimuat tidak boleh membuka secara langsung maupun tidak langsung identitas pasien, rahasia kedokteran, privasi pasien/keluarganya, privasi sesama dokter dan tenaga kesehatan, dan peraturan internal RS/klinik. Dalam menampilkan kondisi klinis pasien atau hasil pemeriksaan penunjang pasien untuk tujuan pendidikan, hanya boleh dilakukan atas persetujuan pasien serta identitas pasien seperti wajah dan nama yang dikaburkan. Hal ini dikecualikan pada penggunaan media sosial dengan maksud konsultasi suatu kasus kedokteran sebagaimana yang diatur pada poin 6. 8. Pada penggunaan media sosial dengan tujuan memberikan edukasi kesehatan bagi masyarakat, sebaiknya dibuat dalam akun terpisah dengan akun pertemanan supaya fokus pada tujuan. Bila akun yang sama juga digunakan untuk pertemanan, maka dokter harus memahami dan mengelola ekspektasi masyarakat terhadap profesi kedokteran. 9. Pada penggunaan media sosial dengan tujuan edukasi ilmu kedokteran dan kesehatan yang terbatas pada dokter dan/atau tenaga kesehatan, hendaknya menggunakan akun terpisah dan memilah sasaran informasi khusus dokter/tenaga kesehatan. 10. Pada penggunaan media sosial dengan tujuan pertemanan, dokter dapat bebas berekspresi sebagai hak privat sesuai ketentuan etika umum dan peraturan perundangan yang berlaku dengan memilih _platform_ media sosial yang diatur khusus untuk pertemanan dan tidak untuk dilihat publik. 11. Dokter perlu selektif memasukkan pasiennya ke daftar teman pada akun pertemanan karena dapat mempengaruhi hubungan dokter-pasien. 12. Dokter dapat membalas dengan baik dan wajar pujian pasien/masyarakat atas pelayanan medisnya sebagai balasan di akun pasien/masyarakat tersebut. Namun sebaiknya dokter menghindari untuk mendesain pujian pasien/masyarakat atas dirinya yang dikirim ke publik menggunakan akun media sosial dokter sebagai tindakan memuji diri secara berlebihan. 13. Pada kondisi di mana dokter memandang aktivitas media sosial sejawatnya terdapat kekeliruan, maka dokter harus mengingatkannya melalui jalur pribadi. Apabila dokter tersebut tidak bersedia diingatkan dan memperbaiki perilaku aktivitasnya di media sosial, maka dokter dapat melaporkan kepada MKEK. ### **Jika Terjadi Pelanggaran Etika Dokter** Apabila terjadi pelanggaran ketentuan fatwa etik dokter dalam membuat konten di medsos sebagaimana disebutkan di atas, maka berdasarkan SK MKEK 29/2021 menyatakan Majelis Kehormatan Etik Kedokteran (“MKEK”) berwenang melakukan klarifikasi terhadap suatu informasi dugaan pelanggaran etik, pembinaan, dan atau proses kemahkamahan pada dokter yang tidak sesuai dengan isi fatwa. Salah satu wewenang MKEK yang diatur dalam **Pasal 9 angka 8 [Pedoman Organisasi dan Tatalaksana MKEK 2018](http://mkekidi.id/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/ORTALA-MKEK-2018-SALINAN.pdf)** (“**Pedoman MKEK 2018**”)yaitu: _MKEK Pusat melakukan pengumpulan semua data dan informasi tentang pengaduan etika, konflik etik dan atau sengketa medik yang diperoleh dan diselesaikan oleh segenap lembaga di jajaran dan perangkat IDI yang setingkat dan data dari MKEK Wilayah, dan Dewan Etik PDSp. Sedangkan MKEK Wilayah dari segenap lembaga di jajaran dan perangkat IDI yang setingkat dan data dari MKEK Cabang._ MKEK juga melakukan kewenangan lain dalam pembinaan etika kedokteran yang ditetapkan kemudian oleh PB IDI bersama dengan MKEK pusat.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Dalam konteks dokter yang membuat konten di medsos, jika ada dugaan pelanggaran etik, maka MKEK akan menerima pengaduan, kemudian melakukan penelaahan, persidangan, hingga putusan.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Putusan MKEK menetapkan bersalah atau tidak bersalah dokter teradu dengan menyatakan melanggar atau tidak melanggar butir sumpah dokter dan pasal-pasal kode etik kedokteran Indonesia beserta pasal cakupannya, atau fatwa etik kedokteran.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Putusan bersalah akan diikuti dengan pemberian sanksi dan pembinaan etik.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) Adapun jenis sanksi yang dapat diberikan MKEK terhadap pelanggaran etik yang dilakukan oleh dokter, menurut **Pasal 29 angka 1 Pedoman MKEK 2018** terbagi dalam empat kategori, yaitu: 1. Kategori 1, bersifat murni pembinaan; 2. Kategori 2, bersifat penginsafan tanpa pemberhentian keanggotaan; 3. Kategori 3, bersifat penginsafan dengan pemberhentian keanggotaan sementara; 4. Kategori 4, bersifat pemberhentian keanggotaan tetap. Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/27912/nprt/1011/uu-no-11-tahun-2008-informasi-dan-transaksi-elektronik?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_ite) Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt584a7363785c8?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_19_2016) Undang-Undang Nomor 29 Tahun 2004 tentang Praktik Kedokteran [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/19808/undangundang-nomor-29-tahun-2004?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_29_2004) Surat Keputusan Majelis Kehormatan Etik Kedokteran Nomor 029/PB/K/MKEK/04/2021 tentang Fatwa Etik Dokter Dalam Aktivitas Media Sosial [](http://mkekidi.id/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/SK-MKEK-029-Fatwa-Etik-Medsos.pdf) Pedoman Organisasi dan Tatalaksana Majelis Kehormatan Etik Kedokteran 2018 [](http://mkekidi.id/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/ORTALA-MKEK-2018-SALINAN.pdf) * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Pasal 9 angka 11 [Pedoman Organisasi dan Tatalaksana Majelis Kehormatan Etik Kedokteran 2018](http://mkekidi.id/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/ORTALA-MKEK-2018-SALINAN.pdf) (“Pedoman MKEK 2018”) [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal 22 – Pasal 28 Pedoman MKEK 2018. [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 28 angka 1 Pedoman MKEK 2018. [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 28 angka 2 Pedoman MKEK 2018. Tags ---- [dokter](/tag/dokter) [etika](/tag/etika) [kedokteran](/tag/kedokteran) [kode etik](/tag/kode-etik) [praktik kedokteran](/tag/praktik-kedokteran) [uu praktik kedokteran](/tag/uu-praktik-kedokteran)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. KLINIK TERKAITHukumnya Mencantumkan Klausul Eksonerasi dalam Perjanjian 04 Okt 2021Memperjanjikan Ginjal Diambil untuk Lunasi Utang, Bolehkah?30 Sep 2021Bolehkah Adopsi Anak Hanya Berdasarkan Perjanjian Bermeterai?13 Jul 2021Syarat Materiil dan Formil Akta Notaris, Apa Saja?05 Jul 2021Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul Asas-asas Hukum Kontrak Perdata yang Harus Kamu Tahu yang pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Kamis, 28 Oktober 2021. Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika. Asas-Asas Hukum Kontrak PerdataDisarikan dari buku Hukum Perjanjian: Asas Proporsionalitas dalam Kontrak Komersial (hal. 104-171), Agus Yudha Hernoko menerangkan bahwa ada sejumlah asas-asas yang berlaku dalam hukum kontrak menurut UNIDROIT (The International Institute for the Unification of Private Law), antara lain:Asas Kebebasan Berkontrak. Adapun yang dimaksud dengan kebebasan berkontrak dapat dilihat secara implisit dalam Pasal 1338 ayat (1) KUH Perdata, di antaranya yaitu para pihak memiliki kebebasan untuk (hal. 111):Menentukan atau memilih kausa dari perjanjian yang akan dibuatnya;Menentukan objek perjanjian;Menentukan bentuk perjanjian;Menerima atau menyimpangi ketentuan undang-undang yang bersifat opsional (aanvullend, optional).Meskipun para pihak memiliki kehendak bebas, Agus kemudian merujuk pendapat Niewenhuis yang menegaskan, terdapat pengecualian kebebasan berkontrak, yakni dalam hal kontrak-kontrak formal dan riil (bentuk perjanjian) dan syarat kausa yang diperbolehkan (isi perjanjian). Asas Konsensualisme. Adapun yang dimaksud dengan asas konsensualisme yaitu para pihak yang mengadakan perjanjian itu harus sepakat, setuju, atau seiya sekata mengenai hal-hal yang pokok dalam perjanjian yang diadakan itu. Asas ini tercantum dalam salah satu syarat sahnya perjanjian menurut Pasal 1320 KUH Perdata.Apa yang dikehendaki oleh pihak satu, dikehendaki juga oleh pihak yang lain. Mereka menghendaki sesuatu yang sama secara timbal balik, sebagaimana disarikan dari Bolehkah Membuat Perjanjian untuk Melepaskan Diri dari Utang Ortu? Asas Pacta Sunt Servanda dalam hukum kontrak atau perjanjian berarti perjanjian yang dibuat berlaku sebagai undang-undang bagi mereka yang membuatnya, sebagaimana dimaksud Pasal 1338 ayat (1) KUH Perdata. Asas Iktikad Baik (good faith). Terkait asas ini, merujuk ketentuan Pasal 1338 ayat (3) KUH Perdata, Agus menerangkan yang dimaksud dengan iktikad baik berarti melaksanakan perjanjian dengan iktikad baik. Artinya, dalam melaksanakan perjanjian, kejujuran harus berjalan dalam hati sanubari seorang manusia (hal. 139).Patut diperhatikan, pemahaman substansi iktikad baik dalam Pasal 1338 ayat (3) KUH Perdata tidak harus diinterpretasikan secara gramatikal, bahwa iktikad baik hanya muncul sebatas pada tahap pelaksanaan kontrak (hal. 139).Iktikad baik ini harus dimaknai dalam keseluruhan proses kontraktual. Artinya, iktikad baik harus melandasi hubungan para pihak pada tahap pra kontraktual, kontraktual, dan pelaksanaan kontraktual (hal. 139).Selanjutnya, dalam Simposium Hukum Perdata Nasional yang diselenggarakan Badan Pembinaan Hukum Nasional (“BPHN”), diterangkan, iktikad baik hendaknya diartikan sebagai (hal. 141):kejujuran pada waktu membuat kontrak;pada tahap pembuatan ditekankan, apabila kontrak dibuat di hadapan pejabat, para pihak dianggap beriktikad baik (meskipun ada juga pendapat yang menyatakan keberatannya); dansebagai kepatutan dalam tahap pelaksanaan, yaitu terkait suatu penilaian baik terhadap perilaku para pihak dalam melaksanakan apa yang telah disepakati dalam kontrak, semata-mata bertujuan untuk mencegah perilaku yang tidak patut dalam pelaksanaan kontrak tersebut. Asas Syarat Sahnya Kontrak. Disarikan dari Macam-macam Perjanjian dan Syarat Sahnya, syarat sahnya perjanjian menurut Pasal 1320 – Pasal 1337 KUH Perdata, yaitu:Kesepakatan para pihak: kesepakatan berarti ada persesuaian kehendak yang bebas antara para pihak mengenai hal-hal pokok yang diinginkan dalam perjanjian.Kecakapan para pihak: pada dasarnya, semua orang cakap dalam membuat perjanjian, kecuali ditentukan tidak cakap menurut undang-undang.Mengenai suatu hal tertentu: hal tertentu berarti dalam perjanjian tersebut terdapat objek yang diperjanjikan, yang paling tidak objek yang dimaksudkan dalam perjanjian dapat ditentukan jenisnya.Sebab yang halal: berarti perjanjian yang dibuat tidak bertentangan dengan undang-undang, kesusilaan, maupun dengan ketertiban umum. Asas Kontrak Bisa Dibatalkan Bila Mengandung Perbedaan Besar (gross disparity). Asas Contra Proferentem dalam Penafsiran Kontrak Baku. Asas contra proferentem berarti klausul-klausul yang multitafsir ditafsirkan untuk kerugian pihak yang menyiapkan kontrak baku, sebagaimana diterangkan oleh Marko Cahya Sutanto dalam buku Prospek Penggunaan United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) sebagai Model Pembentukan Hukum Kontrak Jual-Beli Barang Internasional-Indonesia (hal. 10). Asas Diakuinya Kebiasaan Transaksi Bisnis di Negara Setempat.Asas Kesepakatan Melalui Penawaran (offer) dan Penerimaan (acceptance) atau Melalui Tindakan.Asas Larangan Bernegosiasi dengan Iktikad Buruk.Asas Kewajiban Menjaga Kerahasiaan.Asas Perlindungan Pihak Lemah dari Syarat-syarat Baku.Asas Menghormati Kontrak Ketika Terjadi kesulitan (hardship).Asas Pembebasan Tanggung Jawab dalam Keadaan Memaksa (force majeur).Dari sejumlah asas yang telah disebutkan di atas, diterangkan Agus bahwa ada 4 asas hukum kontrak yang dianggap sebagai “saka guru hukum kontrak”, yaitu asas kebebasan berkontrak, asas konsensualisme, asas pacta sunt servanda, dan asas iktikad baik (hal. 107).Selain itu, disarikan dari Asas-asas Hukum Perjanjian: Suatu Landasan dalam Pembuatan Kontrak oleh M. Muhtarom, disebutkan bahwa ada 5 asas hukum kontrak yang dikenal menurut ilmu hukum perdata yaitu asas kebebasan berkontrak, asas konsensualisme, asas kepastian hukum (pacta sunt servanda), asas iktikad baik, dan asas kepribadian (hal. 50).Dalam hal ini, asas kepribadian berarti asas yang menentukan bahwa seseorang yang akan melakukan dan/atau membuat kontrak hanya untuk kepentingan perseorangan saja. Asas kepribadian ini bisa dilihat dalam Pasal 1315 dan Pasal 1340 KUH Perdata. Tapi, seseorang dapat mengadakan perjanjian untuk kepentingan pihak ketiga dengan adanya suatu syarat yang ditentukan, ini diatur dalam Pasal 1317 KUH Perdata. Lebih lanjut, Pasal 1318 KUH Perdata mengatur perjanjian untuk kepentingan ahli waris dan untuk orang-orang yang memperoleh hak daripadanya (hal. 53). Asas-Asas Hukum Perikatan NasionalSelanjutnya, M. Muhtarom menjelaskan, dalam Lokakarya Hukum Perikatan yang diselenggarakan BPHN pada tanggal 17 – 19 Desember 1985 dirumuskan 8 asas hukum perikatan nasional, antara lain (hal. 54-55):Asas Kepercayaan: setiap orang yang mengadakan perjanjian akan memenuhi prestasi yang diadakan di antara mereka di kemudian hari.Asas Persamaan Hukum: subjek hukum yang mengadakan perjanjian mempunyai kedudukan, hak dan kewajiban yang sama dalam hukum.Asas Keseimbangan: kedua belah pihak harus memenuhi dan melaksanakan perjanjian. Kreditur berhak menuntut prestasi dan jika diperlukan dapat menuntut pelunasan prestasi melalui kekayaan debitur. Lalu, debitur juga wajib untuk melaksanakan perjanjian dengan iktikad baik.Asas Kepastian Hukum: kepastian ini terungkap dari kekuatan mengikatnya perjanjian, yaitu sebagai undang-undang bagi yang membuatnya.Asas Moralitas: berkaitan dengan perikatan wajar, suatu perbuatan sukarela dari seseorang tidak dapat menuntut hak baginya untuk menggugat prestasi dari pihak debitur.Asas Kepatutan: ketentuan isi perjanjian yang diharuskan oleh kepatutan berdasarkan sifat perjanjiannya.Asas Kebiasaan: suatu perjanjian tidak hanya mengikat apa yang secara tegas diatur, tapi juga hal-hal menurut kebiasaan lazim diikuti.Asas Perlindungan: baik debitur dan kreditur harus dilindungi oleh hukum. Namun, yang perlu mendapat perlindungan adalah pihak debitur karena berada di posisi yang lemah. DASAR HUKUMKitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata. REFERENSIAgus Yudha Hernoko. Hukum Perjanjian: Asas Proporsionalitas dalam Kontrak Komersial (Cet. 4). Jakarta: Prenamedia Group, 2014;Marko Cahya Sutanto. Prospek Penggunaan United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) sebagai Model Pembentukan Hukum Kontrak Jual-Beli Barang Internasional-Indonesia. Bandung: Penerbit Alumni, 2019;M. Muhtarom. Asas-asas Hukum Perjanjian: Suatu Landasan dalam Pembuatan Kontrak. SUHUF, Vol. 26, No. 1, Mei 2014.Tagsanak hukumfakultas hukumilmu hukumjurusan hukumkampus hukumkebebasan berkontrakkuliah hukummaba hukummahasiswa hukumperdata
Apa sajakah asas-asas hukum kotrak atau asas kebebasan berkontrak yang dikenal dalam hukum perdata?
Dalam hukum kontrak perdata, dikenal sejumlah asas-asas hukum kontrak, di antaranya yaitu asas kebebasan berkontrak, asas konsensualisme, asas pacta sunt servanda, asas iktikad baik (good faith), dan lain sebagainya. Apa maksud dari masing-masing asas tersebut?   Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Hukumnya Mencantumkan Klausul Eksonerasi dalam Perjanjian 04 Okt 2021Memperjanjikan Ginjal Diambil untuk Lunasi Utang, Bolehkah?30 Sep 2021Bolehkah Adopsi Anak Hanya Berdasarkan Perjanjian Bermeterai?13 Jul 2021Syarat Materiil dan Formil Akta Notaris, Apa Saja?05 Jul 2021Hukumnya Mencantumkan Klausul Eksonerasi dalam Perjanjian 04 Okt 2021Memperjanjikan Ginjal Diambil untuk Lunasi Utang, Bolehkah?30 Sep 2021Bolehkah Adopsi Anak Hanya Berdasarkan Perjanjian Bermeterai?13 Jul 2021Syarat Materiil dan Formil Akta Notaris, Apa Saja?05 Jul 2021Langkah Jika Jual Beli Tanah HGB yang Belum Balik Nama15 Mei 2024Baca Tips Ini Sebelum Menggunakan Karya Cipta Milik Umum28 Feb 2023Cara Pindah Kewarganegaraan WNI Menjadi WNA25 Mar 2024Langkah Jika Jual Beli Tanah HGB yang Belum Balik Nama15 Mei 2024Baca Tips Ini Sebelum Menggunakan Karya Cipta Milik Umum28 Feb 2023Cara Pindah Kewarganegaraan WNI Menjadi WNA25 Mar 2024
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/asas-asas-hukum-kontrak-lt617a88d958bb9/
Asas-Asas yang Berlaku dalam Hukum Kontrak
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Hukumnya Mencantumkan Klausul Eksonerasi dalam Perjanjian ](/klinik/a/hukumnya-mencantumkan-klausul-eksonerasi-dalam-perjanjian-lt4d0894211ad0e/) ![Hukumnya Mencantumkan Klausul Eksonerasi dalam Perjanjian ](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt4d0894211ad0e/thumbnail_lt615af7b496839.jpg) 04 Okt 2021 [ #### Memperjanjikan Ginjal Diambil untuk Lunasi Utang, Bolehkah? ](/klinik/a/memperjanjikan-ginjal-diambil-untuk-lunasi-utang-bolehkah-lt615562986f0e3/) ![Memperjanjikan Ginjal Diambil untuk Lunasi Utang, Bolehkah?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt615562986f0e3/thumbnail_lt615570dd9c30d.jpg) 30 Sep 2021 [ #### Bolehkah Adopsi Anak Hanya Berdasarkan Perjanjian Bermeterai? ](/klinik/a/bolehkah-adopsi-anak-hanya-berdasarkan-perjanjian-bermeterai-lt60cf5a1bdf341/) ![Bolehkah Adopsi Anak Hanya Berdasarkan Perjanjian Bermeterai?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt60cf5a1bdf341/thumbnail_lt60ed415de40f0.jpg) 13 Jul 2021 [ #### Syarat Materiil dan Formil Akta Notaris, Apa Saja? ](/klinik/a/syarat-materiil-dan-formil-akta-notaris--apa-saja-lt601406afbaaa9/) ![Syarat Materiil dan Formil Akta Notaris, Apa Saja?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt601406afbaaa9/thumbnail_lt60e303d44eeab.jpg) 05 Jul 2021 [](#!) **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul _Asas-asas Hukum Kontrak Perdata yang Harus Kamu Tahu_ yang pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Kamis, 28 Oktober 2021.** Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Asas-Asas Hukum Kontrak Perdata** Disarikan dari buku _Hukum Perjanjian: Asas Proporsionalitas dalam Kontrak Komersial_ (hal. 104-171), **Agus Yudha Hernoko** menerangkan bahwa ada sejumlah asas-asas yang berlaku dalam hukum kontrak menurut UNIDROIT (_The International Institute for the Unification of Private Law_), antara lain: 1. Asas Kebebasan Berkontrak. Adapun yang dimaksud dengan kebebasan berkontrak dapat dilihat secara implisit dalam **Pasal 1338 ayat (1)** [**KUH Perdata**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17229/node/686?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHPerdata), di antaranya yaitu para pihak memiliki kebebasan untuk (hal. 111): 1. Menentukan atau memilih kausa dari perjanjian yang akan dibuatnya; 2. Menentukan objek perjanjian; 3. Menentukan bentuk perjanjian; 4. Menerima atau menyimpangi ketentuan undang-undang yang bersifat opsional (_aanvullend, optional_). Meskipun para pihak memiliki kehendak bebas, Agus kemudian merujuk pendapat **Niewenhuis** yang menegaskan, terdapat pengecualian kebebasan berkontrak, yakni dalam hal kontrak-kontrak formal dan riil (bentuk perjanjian) dan syarat kausa yang diperbolehkan (isi perjanjian). 2. Asas Konsensualisme. Adapun yang dimaksud dengan asas konsensualisme yaitu para pihak yang mengadakan perjanjian itu harus sepakat, setuju, atau seiya sekata mengenai hal-hal yang pokok dalam perjanjian yang diadakan itu. Asas ini tercantum dalam salah satu syarat sahnya perjanjian menurut **Pasal 1320 KUH Perdata**. Apa yang dikehendaki oleh pihak satu, dikehendaki juga oleh pihak yang lain. Mereka menghendaki sesuatu yang sama secara timbal balik, sebagaimana disarikan dari **[Bolehkah Membuat Perjanjian untuk Melepaskan Diri dari Utang Ortu?](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/bolehkah-membuat-perjanjian-untuk-melepaskan-diri-dari-utang-ortu-lt6050c3b3c9cba?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=lepas_utang)** 3. Asas _Pacta Sunt Servanda_ dalam hukum kontrak atau perjanjian berarti perjanjian yang dibuat berlaku sebagai undang-undang bagi mereka yang membuatnya, sebagaimana dimaksud **Pasal 1338 ayat (1)** **KUH Perdata**. 4. Asas Iktikad Baik (_good faith_). Terkait asas ini, merujuk ketentuan **Pasal 1338 ayat (3) KUH Perdata**, Agus menerangkan yang dimaksud dengan iktikad baik berarti melaksanakan perjanjian dengan iktikad baik. Artinya, dalam melaksanakan perjanjian, kejujuran harus berjalan dalam hati sanubari seorang manusia (hal. 139). Patut diperhatikan, pemahaman substansi iktikad baik dalam **Pasal 1338 ayat (3) KUH Perdata** tidak harus diinterpretasikan secara gramatikal, bahwa iktikad baik hanya muncul sebatas pada tahap pelaksanaan kontrak (hal. 139). Iktikad baik ini harus dimaknai dalam keseluruhan proses kontraktual. Artinya, iktikad baik harus melandasi hubungan para pihak pada tahap pra kontraktual, kontraktual, dan pelaksanaan kontraktual (hal. 139). Selanjutnya, dalam **Simposium Hukum Perdata Nasional** yang diselenggarakan **Badan Pembinaan Hukum Nasional (“BPHN”)**, diterangkan, iktikad baik hendaknya diartikan sebagai (hal. 141): 1. kejujuran pada waktu membuat kontrak; 2. pada tahap pembuatan ditekankan, apabila kontrak dibuat di hadapan pejabat, para pihak dianggap beriktikad baik (meskipun ada juga pendapat yang menyatakan keberatannya); dan 3. sebagai kepatutan dalam tahap pelaksanaan, yaitu terkait suatu penilaian baik terhadap perilaku para pihak dalam melaksanakan apa yang telah disepakati dalam kontrak, semata-mata bertujuan untuk mencegah perilaku yang tidak patut dalam pelaksanaan kontrak tersebut. 5. Asas Syarat Sahnya Kontrak. Disarikan dari **[Macam-macam Perjanjian dan Syarat Sahnya](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/macam-macam-perjanjian-dan-syarat-sahnya-lt4c3d1e98bb1bc?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=syarat_sah_perjanjian)**, syarat sahnya perjanjian menurut **Pasal 1320 – Pasal 1337 KUH Perdata**, yaitu: 1. Kesepakatan para pihak: kesepakatan berarti ada persesuaian kehendak yang bebas antara para pihak mengenai hal-hal pokok yang diinginkan dalam perjanjian. 2. Kecakapan para pihak: pada dasarnya, semua orang cakap dalam membuat perjanjian, kecuali ditentukan tidak cakap menurut undang-undang. 3. Mengenai suatu hal tertentu: hal tertentu berarti dalam perjanjian tersebut terdapat objek yang diperjanjikan, yang paling tidak objek yang dimaksudkan dalam perjanjian dapat ditentukan jenisnya. 4. Sebab yang halal: berarti perjanjian yang dibuat tidak bertentangan dengan undang-undang, kesusilaan, maupun dengan ketertiban umum. 6. Asas Kontrak Bisa Dibatalkan Bila Mengandung Perbedaan Besar (_gross disparity_). 7. Asas _Contra Proferentem_ dalam Penafsiran Kontrak Baku. Asas _contra proferentem_ berarti klausul-klausul yang multitafsir ditafsirkan untuk kerugian pihak yang menyiapkan kontrak baku, sebagaimana diterangkan oleh **Marko Cahya Sutanto** dalam buku _Prospek Penggunaan United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG)_ _sebagai Model Pembentukan Hukum Kontrak Jual-Beli Barang Internasional-Indonesia_ (hal. 10). 8. Asas Diakuinya Kebiasaan Transaksi Bisnis di Negara Setempat. 9. Asas Kesepakatan Melalui Penawaran (_offer_) dan Penerimaan (_acceptance_) atau Melalui Tindakan. 10. Asas Larangan Bernegosiasi dengan Iktikad Buruk. 11. Asas Kewajiban Menjaga Kerahasiaan. 12. Asas Perlindungan Pihak Lemah dari Syarat-syarat Baku. 13. Asas Menghormati Kontrak Ketika Terjadi kesulitan (_hardship_). 14. Asas Pembebasan Tanggung Jawab dalam Keadaan Memaksa (_force majeur_). Dari sejumlah asas yang telah disebutkan di atas, diterangkan Agus bahwa ada 4 asas hukum kontrak yang dianggap sebagai “saka guru hukum kontrak”**,** yaitu asas kebebasan berkontrak, asas konsensualisme, asas _pacta sunt servanda_, dan asas iktikad baik (hal. 107). Selain itu, disarikan dari _Asas-asas Hukum Perjanjian: Suatu Landasan dalam Pembuatan Kontrak_ oleh **M. Muhtarom**, disebutkan bahwa ada 5 asas hukum kontrak yang dikenal menurut ilmu hukum perdata yaitu asas kebebasan berkontrak, asas konsensualisme, asas kepastian hukum (pacta sunt servanda), asas iktikad baik, dan asas kepribadian (hal. 50). Dalam hal ini, asas kepribadian berarti asas yang menentukan bahwa seseorang yang akan melakukan dan/atau membuat kontrak hanya untuk kepentingan perseorangan saja. Asas kepribadian ini bisa dilihat dalam Pasal 1315 dan Pasal 1340 KUH Perdata. Tapi, seseorang dapat mengadakan perjanjian untuk kepentingan pihak ketiga dengan adanya suatu syarat yang ditentukan, ini diatur dalam Pasal 1317 KUH Perdata. Lebih lanjut, Pasal 1318 KUH Perdata mengatur perjanjian untuk kepentingan ahli waris dan untuk orang-orang yang memperoleh hak daripadanya (hal. 53). ### **Asas-Asas Hukum Perikatan Nasional** Selanjutnya, M. Muhtarom menjelaskan, dalam **Lokakarya Hukum Perikatan** yang diselenggarakan BPHN pada tanggal 17 – 19 Desember 1985 dirumuskan 8 asas hukum perikatan nasional, antara lain (hal. 54-55): 1. Asas Kepercayaan: setiap orang yang mengadakan perjanjian akan memenuhi prestasi yang diadakan di antara mereka di kemudian hari. 2. Asas Persamaan Hukum: subjek hukum yang mengadakan perjanjian mempunyai kedudukan, hak dan kewajiban yang sama dalam hukum. 3. Asas Keseimbangan: kedua belah pihak harus memenuhi dan melaksanakan perjanjian. Kreditur berhak menuntut prestasi dan jika diperlukan dapat menuntut pelunasan prestasi melalui kekayaan debitur. Lalu, debitur juga wajib untuk melaksanakan perjanjian dengan iktikad baik. 4. Asas Kepastian Hukum: kepastian ini terungkap dari kekuatan mengikatnya perjanjian, yaitu sebagai undang-undang bagi yang membuatnya. 5. Asas Moralitas: berkaitan dengan perikatan wajar, suatu perbuatan sukarela dari seseorang tidak dapat menuntut hak baginya untuk menggugat prestasi dari pihak debitur. 6. Asas Kepatutan: ketentuan isi perjanjian yang diharuskan oleh kepatutan berdasarkan sifat perjanjiannya. 7. Asas Kebiasaan: suatu perjanjian tidak hanya mengikat apa yang secara tegas diatur, tapi juga hal-hal menurut kebiasaan lazim diikuti. 8. Asas Perlindungan: baik debitur dan kreditur harus dilindungi oleh hukum. Namun, yang perlu mendapat perlindungan adalah pihak debitur karena berada di posisi yang lemah. DASAR HUKUM ----------- [Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17229/node/686?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHPerdata). REFERENSI --------- 1. Agus Yudha Hernoko. _Hukum Perjanjian: Asas Proporsionalitas dalam Kontrak Komersial_ (Cet. 4). Jakarta: Prenamedia Group, 2014; 2. Marko Cahya Sutanto. _Prospek Penggunaan United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) sebagai Model Pembentukan Hukum Kontrak Jual-Beli Barang Internasional-Indonesia._ Bandung: Penerbit Alumni, 2019; 3. M. Muhtarom. [_Asas-asas Hukum Perjanjian: Suatu Landasan dalam Pembuatan Kontrak_](https://publikasiilmiah.ums.ac.id/handle/11617/4573). SUHUF, Vol. 26, No. 1, Mei 2014. Tags ---- [anak hukum](/tag/anak-hukum) [fakultas hukum](/tag/fakultas-hukum) [ilmu hukum](/tag/ilmu-hukum) [jurusan hukum](/tag/jurusan-hukum) [kampus hukum](/tag/kampus-hukum) [kebebasan berkontrak](/tag/kebebasan-berkontrak) [kuliah hukum](/tag/kuliah-hukum) [maba hukum](/tag/maba-hukum) [mahasiswa hukum](/tag/mahasiswa-hukum) [perdata](/tag/perdata)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul yang sama yang dibuat oleh Frans Sopater Hutapea, S.H. dari Lembaga Bantuan Hukum Mawar Saron dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Kamis, 22 Juli 2021.KLINIK TERKAITBolehkah Ormas Melakukan Sweeping di Tempat Umum?05 Jul 2024Jerat Pidana Penyedia Tempat Pelacuran14 Mar 2024Bisakah Konsumen VCS Dipidana?08 Des 2023Hukumnya Eksploitasi Pengemis Anak oleh Orangtuanya22 Apr 2020Artikel ini dibuat berdasarkan KUHP lama dan UU 1/2023 tentang KUHP yang diundangkan pada tanggal 2 Januari 2023.Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.Pengertian ProstitusiBelajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Prostitusi di Indonesia dianggap sebagai kejahatan terhadap kesusilan, bersifat ilegal, serta bertentangan dengan Hak Asasi Manusia (“HAM”). Praktek prostitusi adalah sebuah kegiatan yang patut dihentikan atau dilarang karena dianggap bertentangan dengan nilai agama dan kesusilaan. Selain itu, prostitusi juga bertentangan dengan nilai-nilai kepatutan dalam hubungannya dengan etika dan moral.[1]Hariana Eka Dewi dalam bukunya Memahami Perkembangan Fisik Remaja (hal. 81) mendefinisikan prostitusi sebagai melakukan hubungan seksual dengan berganti-ganti pasangan yang bukan istri atau suaminya, yang dilakukan di tempat-tempat tertentu (lokalisasi, hotel, tempat rekreasi dan lain-lain), yang pada umumnya mereka mendapatkan uang setelah melakukan hubungan badan. Kemudian, menurut Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (“KBBI”), prostitusi adalah pertukaran hubungan seksual dengan uang atau hadiah sebagai suatu transaksi perdagangan, dan dikenal dengan istilah pelacuran.Larangan Prostitusi AnakIndonesia tidak hanya menghadapi bahaya prostitusi yang dilakukan oleh orang dewasa, tapi juga prostitusi yang korbannya anak-anak.[2] Praktik prostitusi anak di bawah umur di Indonesia sangat memprihatinkan, terutama dengan banyaknya kasus eksploitasi anak, baik atas kemauannya sendiri maupun atas paksaan dari oknum-oknum tertentu.[3]Adapun yang dimaksud dengan anak menurut Pasal 1 angka 1 UU 35/2014 adalah seseorang yang belum berusia 18 (delapan belas) tahun, termasuk anak yang masih dalam kandungan. Dalam peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia tidak dikenal istilah prostitusi, melainkan yang dikenal adalah istilah “eksploitasi secara ekonomi dan/atau seksual” yang definisinya tertulis dalam Penjelasan Pasal 66 UU 35/2014, yaitu:Yang dimaksud dengan “dieksploitasi secara ekonomi” adalah tindakan dengan atau tanpa persetujuan Anak yang menjadi korban yang meliputi tetapi tidak terbatas pada pelacuran, kerja atau pelayanan paksa, perbudakan atau praktik serupa perbudakan, penindasan, pemerasan, pemanfaatan fisik, seksual, organ reproduksi, atau secara melawan hukum memindahkan atau mentransplantasi organ dan/atau jaringan tubuh atau memanfaatkan tenaga atau kemampuan Anak oleh pihak lain untuk mendapatkan keuntungan materiil.Yang dimaksud dengan “dieksploitasi secara seksual” adalah segala bentuk pemanfaatan organ tubuh seksual atau organ tubuh lain dari Anak untuk mendapatkan keuntungan, termasuk tetapi tidak terbatas pada semua kegiatan pelacuran dan pencabulan. Dari penjelasan di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa kegiatan prostitusi anak merupakan bentuk eksploitasi secara ekonomi maupun seksual yang dilarang.Ketentuan Pidana Pengguna Jasa Prostitusi AnakKetentuan mengenai larangan ekploitasi anak secara seksual, dalam hal ini prostitusi anak, telah diatur dalam ketentuan yang umum yaitu KUHP lama yang masih berlaku pada saat artikel ini diterbitkan dan UU 1/2023 yang mulai berlaku 3 tahun terhitung sejak tanggal diundangkan,[4] yakni pada tahun 2026 yaitu:KUHPUU 1/2023Pasal 290 angka 2 dan 3 Diancam dengan pidana penjara paling lama 7 (tujuh) tahun:  2. barang siapa melakukan perbuatan cabul dengan seorang padahal diketahuinya atau sepatutnya harus diduganya, bahwa umumnya belum lima belas tahun atau kalau umurnya tidak jelas, yang bersangkutan belum waktunya untuk dikawin; 3. barang siapa membujuk seseorang yang diketahuinya atau sepatutnya harus diduganya bahwa umurnya belum lima belas tahun atau kalau umurnya tidak jelas yang bersangkutan belum waktunya untuk dikawin, untuk melakukan atau membiarkan dilakukan perbuatan cabul, atau bersetubuh di luar perkawinan dengan orang lain.Pasal 415 huruf bDipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 9 (sembilan) tahun, Setiap Orang yang:  b. melakukan perbuatan cabul dengan seseorang yang diketahui atau patut diduga anak.Pasal 295 Diancam:dengan pidana penjara paling lama lima tahun barang siapa dengan sengaja menyebabkan atau memudahkan dilakukannya perbuatan cabul oleh anaknya, anak tirinya, anak angkatnya, atau anak di bawah pengawasannya yang belum dewasa, atau oleh orang yang belum dewasa yang pemeliharaannya, pendidikan atau penjagaannya diserahkan kepadanya, ataupun oleh bujangnya atau bawahannya yang belum cukup umur, dengan orang lain;dengan pidana penjara paling lama empat tahun barang siapa dengan sengaja menghubungkan atau memudahkan perbuatan cabul, kecuali yang tersebut dalam butir 1 di atas, yang dilakukan oleh orang yang diketahuinya belum dewasa atau yang sepatutnya harus diduganya demikian, dengan orang lain. Pasal 419 Setiap Orang yang menghubungkan atau memudahkan orang lain berbuat cabul atau bersetubuh dengan orang yang diketahui atau patut diduga Anak, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 7 (tujuh) tahun.Jika Tindak Pidana sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dilakukan terhadap Anak kandung, Anak tiri, Anak angkat, atau Anak di bawah pengawasannya yang dipercayakan padanya untuk diasuh, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 9 (sembilan) tahun.  Pasal 297 Perdagangan wanita dan perdagangan anak laki-laki yang belum dewasa, diancam dengan pidana penjara paling lama 6 (enam) tahun.Pasal 422 Setiap Orang yang menggerakkan, membawa, menempatkan, atau menyerahkan Anak kepada orang lain untuk melakukan percabulan, pelacuran, atau perbuatan melanggar kesusilaan lainnya, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 9 (sembilan) tahun.Jika Tindak Pidana sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dilakukan dengan menjanjikan Anak memperoleh pekerjaan atau janji lainnya, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 10 (sepuluh) tahun.  Selain KUHP dan UU 1/2023, terdapat ketentuan lebih khusus (lex specialis) yang mengatur mengenai larangan adanya praktek prostitusi anak, yang dimuat dalam pasal-pasal berikut:Pasal 76I jo. Pasal 88 UU 35/2014Pasal 76ISetiap Orang dilarang menempatkan, membiarkan, melakukan, menyuruh melakukan, atau turut serta melakukan eksploitasi secara ekonomi dan/atau seksual terhadap Anak. Pasal 88Setiap Orang yang melanggar ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 76I, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 10 (sepuluh) tahun dan/atau denda paling banyak Rp200 juta. Selain itu, UU 35/2014 juga memberikan perlindungan khusus terhadap anak yang terjerat dalam kegiatan prostitusi, karena berdasarkan undang-undang tersebut, Pemerintah, Pemerintah Daerah, dan lembaga negara lainnya berkewajiban dan bertanggung jawab untuk memberikan perlindungan khusus kepada anak yang dieksploitasi secara ekonomi dan/atau seksual.[5]Perlindungan khusus tersebut dilakukan melalui:[6]penyebarluasan dan/atau sosialisasi ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berkaitan dengan perlindungan anak yang dieksploitasi secara ekonomi dan/atau seksual;pemantauan, pelaporan, dan pemberian sanksi; danpelibatan berbagai perusahaan, serikat pekerja, lembaga swadaya masyarakat, dan masyarakat dalam penghapusan eksploitasi terhadap anak secara ekonomi dan/atau seksual.Dengan demikian, menurut pendapat kami dapat diartikan bahwa pihak-pihak yang terlibat sebagai penyelenggara, perantara maupun pengguna jasa prostitusi anak yang merupakan bentuk eksploitasi secara ekonomi dan/atau seksual, dapat dijerat dengan pasal a quo dan ditindak melalui proses hukum acara pidana sebagaimana diatur dalam KUHAP jika dilakukan oleh orang dewasa. Namun, apabila pelaku pengguna jasa prostitusi anak adalah seorang anak juga, maka pelaku ditindak dalam proses hukum acara pidana yang khusus sebagaimana diatur dalam UU SPPA.Baca juga: Hal-Hal Penting yang Diatur dalam UU Sistem Peradilan Pidana AnakPenjelasan lebih lanjut mengenai perlindungan khusus terhadap anak dari adanya kegiatan prostitusi, dapat Anda simak dalam artikel Langkah Pemerintah Menanggulangi Prostitusi Anak.Contoh KasusSebagai contoh, Anda dapat lihat dalam Putusan PN Bengkulu 327/Pid.Sus/2020/PN BGL. Pada kasus ini, terdakwa adalah pemilik panti pijat yang mempekerjakan 3 (tiga) orang perempuan, yang salah satunya berusia 16 (enam belas) tahun. Di panti pijat tersebut, saksi korban tidak hanya memijit pelanggan, namun juga melakukan hubungan badan dengan imbalan sebesar Rp. 250.000,- hingga Rp. 300.000,-. Setelah saksi korban melakukan pijit dan persetubuhan dengan tamu atau pelanggan, uang yang diterima langsung disetorkan kepada terdakwa.Karena semua unsur dalam Pasal 76I jo. Pasal 88 UU 35/2014 terpenuhi, maka Majelis Hakim menetapkan terdakwa telah terbukti secara sah dan meyakinkan melakukan tindak pidana eksploitasi anak secara seksual. Oleh karena perbuatannya, terdakwa dipidana penjara selama 3 (tiga) tahun dan dipidana denda sebesar Rp200.000.000 (dua ratus juta rupiah), dengan apabila denda tidak dibayar, maka denda diganti dengan pidana penjara selama 3 (tiga) bulan.Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwibahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut di sini. Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat.DASAR HUKUMKitab Undang-Undang Hukum PidanaUndang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1981 tentang Hukum Acara PidanaUndang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan AnakUndang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan AnakUndang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2016 tentang Penetapan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Kedua Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak Menjadi Undang-UndangUndang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana AnakUndang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum PidanaPUTUSANPutusan PN Bengkulu 327/Pid.Sus/2020/PN BGL.REFERENSIHeriana Eka Dewi. Memahami Perkembangan Fisik Remaja. Yogyakarta: Gosyen Publishing, 2012;Oksidelfa Yanto. Prostitusi Sebagai Kejahatan Terhadap Eksploitasi Anak yang bersifat Ilegal dan Melawan Hak Asasi Manusia. Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia, Vol. 12, No. 4, 2018;Supriyadi Widodo Eddyono (et.al). Melawan Praktik Prostitusi Anak di Indonesia & Tantangannya. Jakarta: Institute for Criminal Justice Reform, 2017;Zeti Utami dan Hadibah Zachra Wadjo. Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pekerja Seks Komersil Anak Di Kabupaten Kepulauan Aru. Jurnal Kreativitas Mahasiswa Hukum SANISA, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2021;Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, diakses pada 04 Maret 2023, pukul 17.20 WIB.[1] Oksidelfa Yanto. Prostitusi Sebagai Kejahatan Terhadap Eksploitasi Anak yang bersifat Ilegal dan Melawan Hak Asasi Manusia. Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia, Vol. 12, No. 4, 2018, hal. 4-5.[2] Supriyadi Widodo Eddyono (et.al). Melawan Praktik Prostitusi Anak di Indonesia & Tantangannya. Jakarta: Institute for Criminal Justice Reform, 2017, hal. 4.[3] Zeti Utami dan Hadibah Zachra Wadjo. Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pekerja Seks Komersil Anak Di Kabupaten Kepulauan Aru. Jurnal Kreativitas Mahasiswa Hukum SANISA, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2021, hal. 29.[4] Pasal 624 Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (“UU 1/2023”).[5] Pasal 59 ayat (1) dan (2) huruf d Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak (“UU 35/2014”).[6] Pasal 66 UU 35/2014.Tagsanakhukumonlineklinik hukumonlinekuhpperlindungan anakpidanauu perlindungan anak
Apakah ada hukuman yang berlaku untuk pengguna jasa prostitusi anak? Karena jika dalam prostitusi dewasa jeratan hukum hanya ada pada Peraturan Daerah, bukan undang-undang. Bagaimana jika pada anak? Apakah dapat di jerat UU Perlindungan Anak, dan dapat dipidana, mengingat UU Perlindungan Anak masuk dalam kategori pidana khusus?
Larangan terhadap prostitusi anak telah diatur secara umum dalam KUHP, namun ketentuan yang lebih khusus (lex specialis) juga diatur dalam UU Perlindungan Anak dan aturan perubahannya. Pihak-pihak yang merupakan penyelenggara, perantara maupun pengguna jasa prostitusi anak dapat dijerat pidana berdasarkan undang-undang tersebut. Lantas, apa bunyi ketentuannya? Bagaimana jika pelaku adalah anak? Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Bolehkah Ormas Melakukan Sweeping di Tempat Umum?05 Jul 2024Jerat Pidana Penyedia Tempat Pelacuran14 Mar 2024Bisakah Konsumen VCS Dipidana?08 Des 2023Hukumnya Eksploitasi Pengemis Anak oleh Orangtuanya22 Apr 2020Bolehkah Ormas Melakukan Sweeping di Tempat Umum?05 Jul 2024Jerat Pidana Penyedia Tempat Pelacuran14 Mar 2024Bisakah Konsumen VCS Dipidana?08 Des 2023Hukumnya Eksploitasi Pengemis Anak oleh Orangtuanya22 Apr 2020Syarat dan Biaya Balik Nama Sertifikat Tanah karena Jual Beli25 Jun 2024Mau Melaporkan Tindak Pidana ke Polisi? Begini Prosedurnya21 Des 2022Cara Menghitung Pembebasan Bersyarat bagi Narapidana3 Agu 2022Syarat dan Biaya Balik Nama Sertifikat Tanah karena Jual Beli25 Jun 2024Mau Melaporkan Tindak Pidana ke Polisi? Begini Prosedurnya21 Des 2022Cara Menghitung Pembebasan Bersyarat bagi Narapidana3 Agu 2022
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/jerat-hukum-pengguna-jasa-prostitusi-anak-lt60b1ceb54a8cd/
Jerat Hukum Pengguna Jasa Prostitusi Anak
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul yang sama yang dibuat oleh** [**Frans Sopater Hutapea, S.H.**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/lembaga-bantuan-hukum-mawar-saron-lt4ddc7a184bdfe/frans-sopater-hutapea--sh-lt600ad0a0b27fb) **dari** [**Lembaga Bantuan Hukum Mawar Saron**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/lembaga-bantuan-hukum-mawar-saron-lt4ddc7a184bdfe) **dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Kamis, 22 Juli 2021.** ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Bolehkah Ormas Melakukan _Sweeping_ di Tempat Umum? ](/klinik/a/bolehkah-ormas-melakukan-isweeping-i-di-tempat-umum-lt58744f7b1f2d8/) ![Bolehkah Ormas Melakukan <i>Sweeping</i> di Tempat Umum?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt58744f7b1f2d8/thumbnail_lt5874bae2357ff.jpg) 05 Jul 2024 [ #### Jerat Pidana Penyedia Tempat Pelacuran ](/klinik/a/jerat-pidana-penyedia-tempat-pelacuran-cl1932/) ![Jerat Pidana Penyedia Tempat Pelacuran](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/cl1932/thumbnail_lt5fa8fc9507c8a.jpg) 14 Mar 2024 [ #### Bisakah Konsumen VCS Dipidana? ](/klinik/a/bisakah-konsumen-vcs-dipidana-lt5eb9b709b90be/) ![Bisakah Konsumen VCS Dipidana?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt5eb9b709b90be/thumbnail_lt6572f0a13f263.jpg) 08 Des 2023 [ #### Hukumnya Eksploitasi Pengemis Anak oleh Orangtuanya ](/klinik/a/hukumnya-eksploitasi-pengemis-anak-oleh-orangtuanya-lt5e9ffdf583874/) ![Hukumnya Eksploitasi Pengemis Anak oleh Orangtuanya](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt5e9ffdf583874/thumbnail_lt5e9fffd080ca1.jpg) 22 Apr 2020 [](#!) **Artikel ini dibuat berdasarkan KUHP lama dan** **UU 1/2023 tentang** **KUHP** **yang diundangkan pada tanggal 2 Januari 2023****.** Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Pengertian Prostitusi** Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Prostitusi di Indonesia dianggap sebagai kejahatan terhadap kesusilan, bersifat ilegal, serta bertentangan dengan Hak Asasi Manusia (“HAM”). Praktek prostitusi adalah sebuah kegiatan yang patut dihentikan atau dilarang karena dianggap bertentangan dengan nilai agama dan kesusilaan. Selain itu, prostitusi juga bertentangan dengan nilai-nilai kepatutan dalam hubungannya dengan etika dan moral.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) **Hariana Eka Dewi** dalam bukunya _Memahami Perkembangan Fisik Remaja_ (hal. 81) mendefinisikan prostitusi sebagai melakukan hubungan seksual dengan berganti-ganti pasangan yang bukan istri atau suaminya, yang dilakukan di tempat-tempat tertentu (lokalisasi, hotel, tempat rekreasi dan lain-lain), yang pada umumnya mereka mendapatkan uang setelah melakukan hubungan badan. Kemudian, menurut [**Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia**](https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/prostitusi) **(“KBBI”)**, prostitusi adalah pertukaran hubungan seksual dengan uang atau hadiah sebagai suatu transaksi perdagangan, dan dikenal dengan istilah pelacuran. ### **Larangan Prostitusi Anak** Indonesia tidak hanya menghadapi bahaya prostitusi yang dilakukan oleh orang dewasa, tapi juga prostitusi yang korbannya anak-anak.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Praktik prostitusi anak di bawah umur di Indonesia sangat memprihatinkan, terutama dengan banyaknya kasus eksploitasi anak, baik atas kemauannya sendiri maupun atas paksaan dari oknum-oknum tertentu.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Adapun yang dimaksud dengan anak menurut **Pasal 1 angka 1** [**UU 35/2014**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt548fdfd3a87d2/undang-undang-nomor-35-tahun-2014/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_35_2014) adalah seseorang yang belum berusia 18 (delapan belas) tahun, termasuk anak yang masih dalam kandungan. Dalam peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia tidak dikenal istilah prostitusi, melainkan yang dikenal adalah istilah “eksploitasi secara ekonomi dan/atau seksual” yang definisinya tertulis dalam **Penjelasan Pasal 66 UU 35/2014**, yaitu: _Yang dimaksud dengan “**dieksploitasi secara ekonomi**” adalah tindakan dengan atau tanpa persetujuan Anak yang menjadi korban yang meliputi tetapi tidak terbatas pada pelacuran, kerja atau pelayanan paksa, perbudakan atau praktik serupa perbudakan, penindasan, pemerasan, pemanfaatan fisik, seksual, organ reproduksi, atau secara melawan hukum memindahkan atau mentransplantasi organ dan/atau jaringan tubuh atau memanfaatkan tenaga atau kemampuan Anak oleh pihak lain untuk mendapatkan keuntungan materiil._ _Yang dimaksud dengan “**dieksploitasi secara seksual**” adalah segala bentuk pemanfaatan organ tubuh seksual atau organ tubuh lain dari Anak untuk mendapatkan keuntungan, termasuk tetapi tidak terbatas pada semua kegiatan pelacuran dan pencabulan._ Dari penjelasan di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa kegiatan prostitusi anak merupakan bentuk eksploitasi secara ekonomi maupun seksual yang dilarang. ### **Ketentuan Pidana Pengguna Jasa Prostitusi Anak** Ketentuan mengenai larangan ekploitasi anak secara seksual, dalam hal ini prostitusi anak, telah diatur dalam ketentuan yang umum yaitu [**KUHP**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4c7b7fd88a8c3/nprt/38/wetboek-van-strafrecht-\(wvs\)-kitab-undang-undang-hukum-pidana-\(kuhp\)?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHP) lama yang masih berlaku pada saat artikel ini diterbitkan dan [**UU 1/2023**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b3943c53853/undang-undang-nomor-1-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_1_2023_KUHP_baru) yang mulai berlaku 3 tahun terhitung sejak tanggal diundangkan,[\[4\]](#_ftn4) yakni pada tahun 2026 yaitu: **KUHP** **UU 1/2023** **Pasal 290 angka 2 dan 3** Diancam dengan pidana penjara paling lama 7 (tujuh) tahun: 2\. barang siapa melakukan perbuatan cabul dengan seorang padahal diketahuinya atau sepatutnya harus diduganya, bahwa umumnya belum lima belas tahun atau kalau umurnya tidak jelas, yang bersangkutan belum waktunya untuk dikawin; 3\. barang siapa membujuk seseorang yang diketahuinya atau sepatutnya harus diduganya bahwa umurnya belum lima belas tahun atau kalau umurnya tidak jelas yang bersangkutan belum waktunya untuk dikawin, untuk melakukan atau membiarkan dilakukan perbuatan cabul, atau bersetubuh di luar perkawinan dengan orang lain. **Pasal 415 huruf b** Dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 9 (sembilan) tahun, Setiap Orang yang: b. melakukan perbuatan cabul dengan seseorang yang diketahui atau patut diduga anak. **Pasal 295** Diancam: 1. dengan pidana penjara paling lama lima tahun barang siapa dengan sengaja menyebabkan atau memudahkan dilakukannya perbuatan cabul oleh anaknya, anak tirinya, anak angkatnya, atau anak di bawah pengawasannya yang belum dewasa, atau oleh orang yang belum dewasa yang pemeliharaannya, pendidikan atau penjagaannya diserahkan kepadanya, ataupun oleh bujangnya atau bawahannya yang belum cukup umur, dengan orang lain; 2. dengan pidana penjara paling lama empat tahun barang siapa dengan sengaja menghubungkan atau memudahkan perbuatan cabul, kecuali yang tersebut dalam butir 1 di atas, yang dilakukan oleh orang yang diketahuinya belum dewasa atau yang sepatutnya harus diduganya demikian, dengan orang lain. **Pasal 419** 1. Setiap Orang yang menghubungkan atau memudahkan orang lain berbuat cabul atau bersetubuh dengan orang yang diketahui atau patut diduga Anak, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 7 (tujuh) tahun. 2. Jika Tindak Pidana sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dilakukan terhadap Anak kandung, Anak tiri, Anak angkat, atau Anak di bawah pengawasannya yang dipercayakan padanya untuk diasuh, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 9 (sembilan) tahun. **Pasal 297**  Perdagangan wanita dan perdagangan anak laki-laki yang belum dewasa, diancam dengan pidana penjara paling lama 6 (enam) tahun. **Pasal 422** 1. Setiap Orang yang menggerakkan, membawa, menempatkan, atau menyerahkan Anak kepada orang lain untuk melakukan percabulan, pelacuran, atau perbuatan melanggar kesusilaan lainnya, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 9 (sembilan) tahun. 2. Jika Tindak Pidana sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dilakukan dengan menjanjikan Anak memperoleh pekerjaan atau janji lainnya, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 10 (sepuluh) tahun. Selain KUHP dan UU 1/2023, terdapat ketentuan lebih khusus (_lex specialis_) yang mengatur mengenai larangan adanya praktek prostitusi anak, yang dimuat dalam pasal-pasal berikut: **Pasal 76I _jo._ Pasal 88 UU 35/2014** **Pasal 76I** _Setiap Orang dilarang menempatkan, membiarkan, melakukan, menyuruh melakukan, atau turut serta melakukan eksploitasi secara ekonomi dan/atau seksual terhadap Anak._ **Pasal 88** _Setiap Orang yang melanggar ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 76I, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 10 (sepuluh) tahun dan/atau denda paling banyak Rp200 juta._ Selain itu, UU 35/2014 juga memberikan perlindungan khusus terhadap anak yang terjerat dalam kegiatan prostitusi, karena berdasarkan undang-undang tersebut, Pemerintah, Pemerintah Daerah, dan lembaga negara lainnya berkewajiban dan bertanggung jawab untuk memberikan perlindungan khusus kepada anak yang dieksploitasi secara ekonomi dan/atau seksual.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) Perlindungan khusus tersebut dilakukan melalui:[\[6\]](#_ftn6) 1. penyebarluasan dan/atau sosialisasi ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berkaitan dengan perlindungan anak yang dieksploitasi secara ekonomi dan/atau seksual; 2. pemantauan, pelaporan, dan pemberian sanksi; dan 3. pelibatan berbagai perusahaan, serikat pekerja, lembaga swadaya masyarakat, dan masyarakat dalam penghapusan eksploitasi terhadap anak secara ekonomi dan/atau seksual. Dengan demikian, menurut pendapat kami dapat diartikan bahwa pihak-pihak yang terlibat sebagai penyelenggara, perantara maupun pengguna jasa prostitusi anak yang merupakan bentuk eksploitasi secara ekonomi dan/atau seksual, dapat dijerat dengan pasal _a quo_ dan ditindak melalui proses hukum acara pidana sebagaimana diatur dalam [**KUHAP**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/2647/node/629/uu-no-8-tahun-1981-hukum-acara-pidana?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHAP) jika dilakukan oleh orang dewasa. Namun, apabila pelaku pengguna jasa prostitusi anak adalah seorang anak juga, maka pelaku ditindak dalam proses hukum acara pidana yang khusus sebagaimana diatur dalam [**UU SPPA**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5024cc61e623d/undang-undang-nomor-11-tahun-2012?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_11_2012). Baca juga: [**Hal-Hal Penting yang Diatur dalam UU Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/hal-hal-penting-yang-diatur-dalam-uu-sistem-peradilan-pidana-anak-lt53f55d0f46878?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=hal_penting_yang_diatur_uu_sppa) Penjelasan lebih lanjut mengenai perlindungan khusus terhadap anak dari adanya kegiatan prostitusi, dapat Anda simak dalam artikel [**Langkah Pemerintah Menanggulangi Prostitusi Anak**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/langkah-pemerintah-menanggulangi-prostitusi-anak-lt5ea00097770e8?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=Langkah_Pemerintah_Menanggulangi_Prostitusi_Anak). ### **Contoh Kasus** Sebagai contoh, Anda dapat lihat dalam [**Putusan PN Bengkulu 327/Pid.Sus/2020/PN BGL**](https://putusan3.mahkamahagung.go.id/direktori/putusan/f789b93dd857415a32a9b3b13d95a74a.html). Pada kasus ini, terdakwa adalah pemilik panti pijat yang mempekerjakan 3 (tiga) orang perempuan, yang salah satunya berusia 16 (enam belas) tahun. Di panti pijat tersebut, saksi korban tidak hanya memijit pelanggan, namun juga melakukan hubungan badan dengan imbalan sebesar Rp. 250.000,- hingga Rp. 300.000,-. Setelah saksi korban melakukan pijit dan persetubuhan dengan tamu atau pelanggan, uang yang diterima langsung disetorkan kepada terdakwa. Karena semua unsur dalam Pasal 76I _jo._ Pasal 88 UU 35/2014 terpenuhi, maka Majelis Hakim menetapkan terdakwa telah terbukti secara sah dan meyakinkan melakukan tindak pidana eksploitasi anak secara seksual. Oleh karena perbuatannya, terdakwa dipidana penjara selama 3 (tiga) tahun dan dipidana denda sebesar Rp200.000.000 (dua ratus juta rupiah), dengan apabila denda tidak dibayar, maka denda diganti dengan pidana penjara selama 3 (tiga) bulan. Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwibahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut [**di sini**](https://pro.hukumonline.com/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=cta&utm_campaign=artikel_klinik).  Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4c7b7fd88a8c3/nprt/38/wetboek-van-strafrecht-\(wvs\)-kitab-undang-undang-hukum-pidana-\(kuhp\)?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHP) Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1981 tentang Hukum Acara Pidana [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/2647/node/629/uu-no-8-tahun-1981-hukum-acara-pidana?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHAP) Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/17453/undangundang-nomor-23-tahun-2002?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_23_2002) Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt548fdfd3a87d2/undang-undang-nomor-35-tahun-2014/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_35_2014) Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2016 tentang Penetapan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Kedua Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak Menjadi Undang-Undang [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt584786efd1075?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_17_2016) Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5024cc61e623d/undang-undang-nomor-11-tahun-2012?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_11_2012) Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b3943c53853/undang-undang-nomor-1-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_1_2023_KUHP_baru) PUTUSAN ------- [Putusan PN Bengkulu 327/Pid.Sus/2020/PN BGL](https://putusan3.mahkamahagung.go.id/direktori/putusan/f789b93dd857415a32a9b3b13d95a74a.html). REFERENSI --------- 1. Heriana Eka Dewi. _Memahami Perkembangan Fisik Remaja_. Yogyakarta: Gosyen Publishing, 2012; 2. Oksidelfa Yanto. _Prostitusi Sebagai Kejahatan Terhadap Eksploitasi Anak yang bersifat Ilegal dan Melawan Hak Asasi Manusia._ Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia, Vol. 12, No. 4, 2018; 3. Supriyadi Widodo Eddyono (_et.al_). _Melawan Praktik Prostitusi Anak di Indonesia & Tantangannya._ Jakarta: Institute for Criminal Justice Reform, 2017; 4. Zeti Utami dan Hadibah Zachra Wadjo. _Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pekerja Seks Komersil Anak Di Kabupaten Kepulauan Aru_. Jurnal Kreativitas Mahasiswa Hukum SANISA, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2021; 5. [Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia](https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/prostitusi), diakses pada 04 Maret 2023, pukul 17.20 WIB. * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Oksidelfa Yanto. _Prostitusi Sebagai Kejahatan Terhadap Eksploitasi Anak yang bersifat Ilegal dan Melawan Hak Asasi Manusia._ Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia, Vol. 12, No. 4, 2018, hal. 4-5. [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Supriyadi Widodo Eddyono (_et.al_). _Melawan Praktik Prostitusi Anak di Indonesia & Tantangannya._ Jakarta: Institute for Criminal Justice Reform, 2017, hal. 4. [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Zeti Utami dan Hadibah Zachra Wadjo. _Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pekerja Seks Komersil Anak Di Kabupaten Kepulauan Aru_. Jurnal Kreativitas Mahasiswa Hukum SANISA, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2021, hal. 29. [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 624 [Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b3943c53853/undang-undang-nomor-1-tahun-2023?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_1_2023_KUHP_baru) (“UU 1/2023”). [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Pasal 59 ayat (1) dan (2) huruf d [Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt548fdfd3a87d2/undang-undang-nomor-35-tahun-2014/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_35_2014) (“UU 35/2014”). [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Pasal 66 UU 35/2014. Tags ---- [anak](/tag/anak) [hukumonline](/tag/hukumonline) [klinik hukumonline](/tag/klinik-hukumonline) [kuhp](/tag/kuhp) [perlindungan anak](/tag/perlindungan-anak) [pidana](/tag/pidana) [uu perlindungan anak](/tag/uu-perlindungan-anak)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran kedua dari artikel dengan judul Kedudukan Pancasila sebagai Sumber Hukum Negara yang dibuat oleh Dimas Hutomo, S.H., dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Jumat, 17 Mei 2019, kemudian dimutakhirkan pertama kali pada Rabu, 23 Maret 2022.KLINIK TERKAITHierarki Peraturan Perundang-undangan di Indonesia11 Apr 2024Belajar Ilmu Perundang-undangan itu Penting, Ini Alasannya26 Jul 2023Hukumnya Penggunaan Lambang Garuda Pancasila pada Produk Komersial 22 Jun 2020Jika Peraturan Perundang-undangan Tidak Diundangkan27 Mei 2019Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.Menjawab pertanyaan Anda tentang Pancasila sebagai sumber hukum, mari simak hierarki peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia terlebih dahulu. Hierarki Peraturan Perundang-undangan di IndonesiaBelajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Makna dari peraturan perundang-undangan adalah peraturan tertulis yang memuat norma hukum yang mengikat secara umum dan dibentuk atau ditetapkan oleh lembaga negara atau pejabat yang berwenang melalui prosedur yang ditetapkan dalam peraturan perundang-undangan.[1]Saat ini, hierarki atau tata urutan peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia terbagi atas tujuh tingkatan. Adapun urutannya sebagai berikut.[2]Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 (“UUD 1945”);Ketetapan Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat (“Tap MPR”);Undang-Undang/Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang;Peraturan Pemerintah;Peraturan Presiden;Peraturan Daerah Provinsi; danPeraturan Daerah Kabupaten/Kota.Selain tujuh peraturan perundang-undangan tersebut, ada pula peraturan-peraturan yang ditetapkan oleh Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Daerah, Mahkamah Agung, Mahkamah Konstitusi, Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan, Komisi Yudisial, Bank Indonesia, menteri, badan, lembaga, atau komisi yang setingkat yang dibentuk dengan undang-undang atau pemerintah atas perintah undang-undang, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Provinsi, Gubernur, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten/Kota, Bupati/Walikota, Kepala Desa atau yang setingkat. [3]Peraturan perundang-undangan ini diakui keberadaannya dan mempunyai kekuatan hukum mengikat sepanjang diperintahkan oleh peraturan perundang-undangan yang lebih tinggi atau dibentuk berdasarkan kewenangan.[4] Baca juga: Hierarki Peraturan Perundang-undangan di IndonesiaPancasila Sebagai Sumber Hukum di IndonesiaKemudian berkaitan dengan pertanyaan Anda mengenai apakah Pancasila sebagai hukum tertinggi dalam hierarki dan berada di atas UUD 1945, mari kenali dulu apa itu hierarki. Hierarki dalam konteks ini adalah penjenjangan setiap jenis peraturan perundang-undangan yang didasarkan pada asas bahwa peraturan perundang-undangan yang lebih rendah tidak boleh bertentangan dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang lebih tinggi.[5]Dari definisi tersebut, jika dilihat secara hierarki, UUD 1945 berada pada tingkatan tertinggi. Menurut Rizky Argama, Direktur Riset dan Inovasi di Pusat Studi Hukum dan Kajian Indonesia (PSHK), dalam teori norma Hans Nawiasky yang dikenal dengan die Stuferordnung der Recht Normen, terdapat jenis dan tingkatan suatu aturan yakni:Staatsfundamentalnorm (norma fundamental negara/abstrak/sumber hukum, contoh: Pancasila);Staatsgrundgesetz (aturan dasar/aturan pokok negara/konstitusi/ UUD);Formell gesetz (undang-undang);Verordnung & Autonome Satzung (aturan pelaksana peraturan pemerintah-peraturan daerah).Sejalan dengan pendapat tersebut, UUD 1945 berada pada tataran staatsgrundgesetz atau sebagai konstitusi suatu negara. Bagaimana dengan Pancasila sebagai sumber hukum? Ketentuan Pasal 2 UU 12/2011 menerangkan bahwa Pancasila merupakan sumber segala sumber hukum negara. Jika kembali ke teori Hans Nawiasky, berarti letak Pancasila ada pada tataran staatsfundamentalnorm. Dalam sumber tata hukum di Indonesia Pancasila dijadikan sebagai sumber dari segala sumber hukum negara sebagaimana sesuai dengan Pembukaan UUD 1945 alinea keempat yaitu Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa, Kemanusiaan yang adil dan beradab, Persatuan Indonesia, Kerakyatan yang dipimpin oleh hikmat kebijaksanaan dalam Permusyawaratan/Perwakilan, dan Keadilan sosial bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia.[6]Menjawab pertanyaan Anda, posisi Pancasila sebagai dasar negara dan ideologi negara serta sekaligus dasar filosofis negara sehingga setiap materi muatan peraturan perundang-undangan tidak boleh bertentangan dengan nilai-nilai yang terkandung dalam pancasila.[7]Pancasila tidak ada dalam hierarki peraturan perundang-undangan karena nilai-nilai Pancasila telah terkandung dalam suatu norma di UUD 1945. Hal ini sesuai bunyi Pasal 3 ayat (1) UU 12/2011, yakni:Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 merupakan hukum dasar dalam Peraturan Perundang-undangan.Maksudnya “hukum dasar” adalah norma dasar bagi pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan yang merupakan sumber hukum bagi pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan di bawah UUD 1945.[8]Kedudukan Pancasila berdasarkan teori Hans Nawiasky ada di atas UUD 1945, artinya, Pancasila merupakan sumber hukum di Indonesia. Namun, Pancasila bukan merupakan dasar hukum tertinggi dalam hierarki peraturan perundang-undangan. Karena dasar hukum tertinggi dalam hierarki ialah UUD 1945 sesuai Pasal 7 ayat (1) UU 12/2011. Sehingga dapat dipahami bahwa Pancasila bukan dasar hukum, melainkan Pancasila sebagai sumber hukum tertinggi atau dasar dari segala sumber hukum.Demikian jawaban dari kami mengenai Pancasila sebagai sumber hukum, semoga bermanfaat.DASAR HUKUMUndang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 15 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan dan diubah kedua kalinya dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2022 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan.Catatan:Pendapat Rizky Argama, S.H., LL.M., Direktur Riset dan Inovasi di Pusat Studi Hukum dan Kajian Indonesia (PSHK) disampaikan pada internal training/sharing session Hukumonline.com, pada Rabu 15 Mei 2019.[1] Pasal 1 angka 2 Undang-Undang Nomor 15 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan[2] Pasal 7 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan (“UU 12/2011”)[3] Pasal 8 ayat (1) UU 12/2011[4] Pasal 8 ayat (2) UU 12/2011[5] Penjelasan Pasal 7 ayat (2) UU 12/2011[6] Penjelasan Pasal 2 alinea 1 UU 12/2011[7] Penjelasan Pasal 2 alinea 2 UU 12/2011[8] Penjelasan Pasal 3 ayat (1) UU 12/2011Tagsdasar hukumhierarkipancasilatata negarauud 1945
Apakah betul Pancasila sebagai sumber hukum merupakan dasar hukum tertinggi yang berada di atas UUD 1945 dalam hierarki?
Kedudukan Pancasila lebih tinggi dari Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 (“UUD 1945”) dalam tataran teori norma. Namun bukan merupakan dasar hukum tertinggi dalam hierarki peraturan perundang-undangan. Dapat dipahami bahwa Pancasila bukan dasar hukum, melainkan sumber dari segala sumber hukum. Karena dasar hukum tertinggi dalam hierarki ialah UUD 1945 berdasarkan Pasal 7 ayat (1) UU 12/2011. Penjelasan selengkapnya dapat dibaca pada ulasan di bawah ini. Hierarki Peraturan Perundang-undangan di Indonesia11 Apr 2024Belajar Ilmu Perundang-undangan itu Penting, Ini Alasannya26 Jul 2023Hukumnya Penggunaan Lambang Garuda Pancasila pada Produk Komersial 22 Jun 2020Jika Peraturan Perundang-undangan Tidak Diundangkan27 Mei 2019Hierarki Peraturan Perundang-undangan di Indonesia11 Apr 2024Belajar Ilmu Perundang-undangan itu Penting, Ini Alasannya26 Jul 2023Hukumnya Penggunaan Lambang Garuda Pancasila pada Produk Komersial 22 Jun 2020Jika Peraturan Perundang-undangan Tidak Diundangkan27 Mei 20194 Cara Mencairkan BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Online 15 Mei 2024Cara dan Biaya Mengurus Perceraian Tanpa Pengacara25 Apr 2024Syarat dan Biaya Balik Nama Sertifikat Tanah karena Jual Beli25 Jun 20244 Cara Mencairkan BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Online 15 Mei 2024Cara dan Biaya Mengurus Perceraian Tanpa Pengacara25 Apr 2024Syarat dan Biaya Balik Nama Sertifikat Tanah karena Jual Beli25 Jun 2024
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/pancasila-sebagai-sumber-hukum-lt5cdbb96764783/
Pancasila sebagai Sumber Hukum Tertinggi di Indonesia
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran kedua dari artikel dengan judul _Kedudukan Pancasila sebagai Sumber Hukum Negara_ yang dibuat oleh [Dimas Hutomo, S.H.](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/dimas-hutomo--sh-lt5b4dc1b842992), dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Jumat, 17 Mei 2019, kemudian dimutakhirkan pertama kali pada Rabu, 23 Maret 2022.** ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Hierarki Peraturan Perundang-undangan di Indonesia ](/klinik/a/hierarki-peraturan-perundang-undangan-di-indonesia-cl4012/) ![Hierarki Peraturan Perundang-undangan di Indonesia](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/cl4012/thumbnail_lt65291b83b8988.jpg) 11 Apr 2024 [ #### Belajar Ilmu Perundang-undangan itu Penting, Ini Alasannya ](/klinik/a/belajar-ilmu-perundang-undangan-lt638d3e536756c/) ![Belajar Ilmu Perundang-undangan itu Penting, Ini Alasannya](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt638d3e536756c/thumbnail_lt638d3f3601ac8.jpg) 26 Jul 2023 [ #### Hukumnya Penggunaan Lambang Garuda Pancasila pada Produk Komersial ](/klinik/a/hukumnya-penggunaan-lambang-garuda-pancasila-pada-produk-komersial-lt4e9d6aaa12e80/) ![Hukumnya Penggunaan Lambang Garuda Pancasila pada Produk Komersial ](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt4e9d6aaa12e80/thumbnail_lt5ef04a62adb74.jpg) 22 Jun 2020 [ #### Jika Peraturan Perundang-undangan Tidak Diundangkan ](/klinik/a/jika-peraturan-perundang-undangan-tidak-diundangkan-lt5ce4c3720df11/) ![Jika Peraturan Perundang-undangan Tidak Diundangkan](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt5ce4c3720df11/thumbnail_lt5ceb7589bd376.jpg) 27 Mei 2019 [](#!) Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika)**.** Menjawab pertanyaan Anda tentang Pancasila sebagai sumber hukum, mari simak hierarki peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia terlebih dahulu. ### **Hierarki Peraturan Perundang-undangan di Indonesia** Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Makna dari peraturan perundang-undangan adalah peraturan tertulis yang memuat norma hukum yang mengikat secara umum dan dibentuk atau ditetapkan oleh lembaga negara atau pejabat yang berwenang melalui prosedur yang ditetapkan dalam peraturan perundang-undangan.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Saat ini, hierarki atau tata urutan peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia terbagi atas tujuh tingkatan. Adapun urutannya sebagai berikut.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) 1. [Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4ca2eb6dd2834/undang-undang-dasar-1945?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UUD_1945) (“UUD 1945”); 2. Ketetapan Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat (“Tap MPR”); 3. Undang-Undang/Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang; 4. Peraturan Pemerintah; 5. Peraturan Presiden; 6. Peraturan Daerah Provinsi; dan 7. Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten/Kota. Selain tujuh peraturan perundang-undangan tersebut, ada pula peraturan-peraturan yang ditetapkan oleh Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Daerah, Mahkamah Agung, Mahkamah Konstitusi, Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan, Komisi Yudisial, Bank Indonesia, menteri, badan, lembaga, atau komisi yang setingkat yang dibentuk dengan undang-undang atau pemerintah atas perintah undang-undang, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Provinsi, Gubernur, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten/Kota, Bupati/Walikota, Kepala Desa atau yang setingkat. [\[3\]](#_ftn3) Peraturan perundang-undangan ini diakui keberadaannya dan mempunyai kekuatan hukum mengikat sepanjang diperintahkan oleh peraturan perundang-undangan yang lebih tinggi atau dibentuk berdasarkan kewenangan.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) Baca juga: [**Hierarki Peraturan Perundang-undangan di Indonesia**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/hierarki-peraturan-perundang-undangan-di-indonesia-cl4012?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=Hierarki) ### **Pancasila Sebagai Sumber Hukum di Indonesia** Kemudian berkaitan dengan pertanyaan Anda mengenai apakah Pancasila sebagai hukum tertinggi dalam hierarki dan berada di atas UUD 1945, mari kenali dulu apa itu hierarki. Hierarki dalam konteks ini adalah penjenjangan setiap jenis peraturan perundang-undangan yang didasarkan pada asas bahwa peraturan perundang-undangan yang lebih rendah tidak boleh bertentangan dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang lebih tinggi.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) Dari definisi tersebut, jika dilihat secara hierarki, UUD 1945 berada pada tingkatan tertinggi. Menurut **Rizky Argama,** Direktur Riset dan Inovasi di Pusat Studi Hukum dan Kajian Indonesia (PSHK), dalam teori norma **Hans Nawiasky** yang dikenal dengan _die Stuferordnung der Recht Normen_, terdapat jenis dan tingkatan suatu aturan yakni: 1. _Staatsfundamentalnorm_ (norma fundamental negara/abstrak/sumber hukum, contoh: Pancasila); 2. _Staatsgrundgesetz_ (aturan dasar/aturan pokok negara/konstitusi/ UUD); 3. _Formell gesetz_ (undang-undang); 4. _Verordnung & Autonome Satzung_ (aturan pelaksana peraturan pemerintah-peraturan daerah). Sejalan dengan pendapat tersebut, UUD 1945 berada pada tataran _staatsgrundgesetz_ atau sebagai konstitusi suatu negara. Bagaimana dengan Pancasila sebagai sumber hukum? Ketentuan **Pasal 2 [UU 12/2011](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4e573e59d0487/nprt/lt4d50fbec8b2ce/uu-no-12-tahun-2011-pembentukan-peraturan-perundang-undangan?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_12_2011)** menerangkan bahwa Pancasila merupakan sumber segala sumber hukum negara. Jika kembali ke teori Hans Nawiasky, berarti letak Pancasila ada pada tataran _staatsfundamentalnorm._ Dalam sumber tata hukum di Indonesia Pancasila dijadikan sebagai sumber dari segala sumber hukum negara sebagaimana sesuai dengan Pembukaan UUD 1945 alinea keempat yaitu Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa, Kemanusiaan yang adil dan beradab, Persatuan Indonesia, Kerakyatan yang dipimpin oleh hikmat kebijaksanaan dalam Permusyawaratan/Perwakilan, dan Keadilan sosial bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia.[\[6\]](#_ftn6) Menjawab pertanyaan Anda, posisi Pancasila sebagai dasar negara dan ideologi negara serta sekaligus dasar filosofis negara sehingga setiap materi muatan peraturan perundang-undangan tidak boleh bertentangan dengan nilai-nilai yang terkandung dalam pancasila.[\[7\]](#_ftn7) Pancasila tidak ada dalam hierarki peraturan perundang-undangan karena nilai-nilai Pancasila telah terkandung dalam suatu norma di UUD 1945. Hal ini sesuai bunyi **Pasal 3 ayat (1) UU 12/2011**, yakni: _Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 merupakan hukum dasar dalam Peraturan Perundang-undangan._ Maksudnya “hukum dasar” adalah norma dasar bagi pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan yang merupakan sumber hukum bagi pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan di bawah UUD 1945.[\[8\]](#_ftn8) Kedudukan Pancasila berdasarkan teori Hans Nawiasky ada di atas UUD 1945, artinya, Pancasila merupakan sumber hukum di Indonesia. Namun, Pancasila bukan merupakan dasar hukum tertinggi dalam hierarki peraturan perundang-undangan. Karena dasar hukum tertinggi dalam hierarki ialah UUD 1945 sesuai **Pasal 7 ayat (1) UU 12/2011**. Sehingga dapat dipahami bahwa Pancasila bukan dasar hukum, melainkan Pancasila sebagai sumber hukum tertinggi atau dasar dari segala sumber hukum. Demikian jawaban dari kami mengenai Pancasila sebagai sumber hukum, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- [Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4e573e59d0487/nprt/lt4d50fbec8b2ce/uu-no-12-tahun-2011-pembentukan-peraturan-perundang-undangan?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_12_2011) sebagaimana telah diubah dengan [Undang-Undang Nomor 15 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5da039a94937f?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_15_2019) dan diubah kedua kalinya dengan [Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2022 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt62b01b9e7e96e/undang-undang-nomor-13-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_13_2022). Catatan: _Pendapat Rizky Argama, S.H., LL.M., Direktur Riset dan Inovasi di Pusat Studi Hukum dan Kajian Indonesia (PSHK) disampaikan pada internal training/sharing session Hukumonline.com, pada Rabu 15 Mei 2019._ * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Pasal 1 angka 2 [Undang-Undang Nomor 15 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5da039a94937f?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_15_2019) [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal 7 ayat (1) [Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4e573e59d0487/nprt/lt4d50fbec8b2ce/uu-no-12-tahun-2011-pembentukan-peraturan-perundang-undangan?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_12_2011) (“UU 12/2011”) [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 8 ayat (1) UU 12/2011 [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 8 ayat (2) UU 12/2011 [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Penjelasan Pasal 7 ayat (2) UU 12/2011 [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Penjelasan Pasal 2 alinea 1 UU 12/2011 [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Penjelasan Pasal 2 alinea 2 UU 12/2011 [\[8\]](#_ftnref8) Penjelasan Pasal 3 ayat (1) UU 12/2011 Tags ---- [dasar hukum](/tag/dasar-hukum) [hierarki](/tag/hierarki) [pancasila](/tag/pancasila) [tata negara](/tag/tata-negara) [uud 1945](/tag/uud-1945)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul Hukuman bagi Pengguna Pelat Kendaraan Nomor Palsu yang dibuat oleh Tri Jata Ayu Pramesti, S.H. dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Senin, 24 Maret 2014.Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.Ketentuan Pelat Nomor KendaraanDalam praktik berlalu lintas, tak jarang ditemukan berbagai pelanggaran lalu lintas. Tak hanya warga negara Indonesia (WNI), perbuatan pelanggaran lalu lintas juga dilakukan oleh warga negara asing (“WNA”). Salah satu pelanggaran yang kerap dijumpai adalah menggunakan pelat nomor palsu atau yang lebih dikenal dengan plat nomor palsu. Seperti yang belakangan viral, tertangkap sejumlah foto yang menunjukkan WNA pakai plat nomor palsu.Patut Anda catat, ketentuan mengenai plat nomor kendaraan dalam UU LLAJ lebih dikenal dengan istilah Tanda Nomor Kendaraan Bermotor. Setiap kendaraan bermotor yang dioperasikan di jalan wajib dilengkapi dengan Surat Tanda Nomor Kendaraan Bermotor dan Tanda Nomor Kendaraan Bermotor.[1]Tanda Nomor Kendaraan Bermotor memuat kode wilayah, nomor registrasi, dan masa berlaku serta harus memenuhi syarat bentuk, ukuran, bahan, warna, dan cara pemasangan.Ketentuan lebih lanjut mengenai Tanda Nomor Kendaraan bermotor diatur dengan Perpolri 7/2021.Menurut Pasal 1 angka 11 Perpolri 7/2021, Tanda Nomor Kendaraan Bermotor (“TNKB”) adalah tanda registrasi dan identifikasi kendaraan bermotor yang berfungsi sebagai bukti legitimasi pengoperasian kendaraan bermotor berupa plat atau berbahan lain dengan spesifikasi tertentu yang diterbitkan Polri. Dari sini jelas diketahui TNKB resmi hanya diterbitkan oleh Polri.Sebagai informasi, kini telah berlaku plat putih hitam. Apa itu plat putih hitam? TNKB saat ini berwarna dasar:[2]putih, tulisan hitam untuk kendaraan bermotor perseorangan, badan hukum, Perwakilan Negara Asing (PNA) dan badan Internasional;kuning, tulisan hitam untuk kendaraan bermotor umum;merah, tulisan putih untuk kendaraan bermotor instansi pemerintah; danhijau, tulisan hitam untuk kendaraan bermotor di kawasan perdagangan bebas yang mendapatkan fasilitas pembebasan bea masuk dan berdasarkan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan.Sanksi Pakai Pelat Nomor Palsu Oleh karena itu, jika ditanya bolehkah pakai plat nomor palsu? Tentu menggunakan plat nomor bodong yang tidak diterbitkan oleh Polri tidak sah dan tidak berlaku, serta bisa dikenai sanksi denda. Berapa denda plat nomor palsu? Hal ini tertuang tegas dalam Pasal 280 UU LLAJ dengan bunyi sebagai berikut.Setiap orang yang mengemudikan Kendaraan Bermotor di Jalan yang tidak dipasangi Tanda Nomor Kendaraan Bermotor yang ditetapkan oleh Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 68 ayat (1) dipidana dengan pidana kurungan paling lama 2 (dua) bulan atau denda paling banyak Rp500.000,00 (lima ratus ribu rupiah).Kemudian apakah plat nomor palsu kena tilang? Mengenai hal ini, perlu dirujuk ketentuan tentang pemeriksaan kendaraan bermotor di jalan, salah satunya pemeriksaan TNKB yang dalam Pasal 4 ayat (3) PP 80/2012 mencakup:spesifikasi teknis tanda nomor kendaraan;masa berlaku; dankeaslian.Terkait dengan keaslian (keabsahan) suatu plat nomor, kendaraan bermotor yang dioperasikan di jalan tanpa dilengkapi plat tanda nomor kendaraan yang sah sesuai dengan Surat Tanda Nomor Kendaraan (STNK) yang bersangkutan atau plat nomor bodong merupakan tindak pidana yang dapat ditindak dengan menerbitkan surat tilang.[3]Dengan demikian, menjawab pertanyaan Anda, pelanggaran lalu lintas berupa menggunakan plat nomor bodong termasuk WNA pakai plat nomor palsu dapat dipidana kurungan paling lama 2 bulan atau denda paling banyak Rp500 ribu serta pelakunya diberikan surat tilang.Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwibahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut di sini. Demikian jawaban dari kami terkait hukumnya memakai pelat nomor palsu, semoga bermanfaat.Dasar Hukum:Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2009 tentang Lalu Lintas dan Angkutan Jalan;Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja;Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 80 Tahun 2012 tentang Tata Cara Pemeriksaan Kendaraan Bermotor di Jalan dan Penindakan Pelanggaran Lalu Lintas dan Angkutan Jalan;Peraturan Kepolisian Negara Nomor 7 Tahun 2021 tentang Registrasi dan Identifikasi Kendaraan Bermotor.[1] Pasal 68 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2009 tentang Lalu Lintas dan Angkutan Jalan[2] Pasal 45 ayat (1) Peraturan Kepolisian Negara Nomor 7 Tahun 2021 tentang Registrasi dan Identifikasi Kendaraan Bermotor[3] Pasal 24 ayat (3) dan penjelasannya Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 80 Tahun 2012 tentang Tata Cara Pemeriksaan Kendaraan Bermotor di Jalan dan Penindakan Pelanggaran Lalu Lintas dan Angkutan JalanTagskendaraan bermotorplat nomorstnktnkb
Bagaimana hukumnya pengendara sepeda motor dengan plat nomor palsu alias bukan dari kepolisian resmi? Terima kasih.
Tak jarang dalam berlalu lintas dijumpai pengguna kendaraan bermotor yang memakai plat nomor bodong, termasuk WNA pakai plat nomor palsu yang baru saja viral. Perbuatan ini tentu melanggar hukum. Lantas apakah plat nomor palsu kena tilang? Berapa denda plat nomor palsu? Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Cara Menghitung Pembebasan Bersyarat bagi Narapidana3 Agu 2022Langkah Jika Jual Beli Tanah HGB yang Belum Balik Nama15 Mei 2024Konversi Utang Jadi Setoran Saham, Ini Caranya14 Sep 2022Cara Menghitung Pembebasan Bersyarat bagi Narapidana3 Agu 2022Langkah Jika Jual Beli Tanah HGB yang Belum Balik Nama15 Mei 2024Konversi Utang Jadi Setoran Saham, Ini Caranya14 Sep 2022
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/pelat-nomor-palsu-lt53225c36df269/
Nekat Pakai Pelat Nomor Palsu Bisa Dijerat Pidana Ini
pages/158/page-3.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul _Hukuman bagi Pengguna Pelat Kendaraan Nomor Palsu_ yang dibuat oleh [Tri Jata Ayu Pramesti, S.H.](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/tri-jata-ayu-pramesti--sh-lt5165540a9b53c) dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Senin, 24 Maret 2014.** Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Ketentuan Pelat Nomor Kendaraan** Dalam praktik berlalu lintas, tak jarang ditemukan berbagai pelanggaran lalu lintas. Tak hanya warga negara Indonesia (WNI), perbuatan pelanggaran lalu lintas juga dilakukan oleh warga negara asing (“WNA”). Salah satu pelanggaran yang kerap dijumpai adalah menggunakan pelat nomor palsu atau yang lebih dikenal dengan plat nomor palsu. Seperti yang belakangan viral, tertangkap sejumlah foto yang menunjukkan WNA pakai plat nomor palsu. Patut Anda catat, ketentuan mengenai plat nomor kendaraan dalam **[UU LLAJ](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4a604fcfd406d/undangundang-nomor-22-tahun-2009?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_22_2009)** lebih dikenal dengan istilah Tanda Nomor Kendaraan Bermotor. Setiap kendaraan bermotor yang dioperasikan di jalan wajib dilengkapi dengan Surat Tanda Nomor Kendaraan Bermotor dan Tanda Nomor Kendaraan Bermotor.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Tanda Nomor Kendaraan Bermotor memuat kode wilayah, nomor registrasi, dan masa berlaku serta harus memenuhi syarat bentuk, ukuran, bahan, warna, dan cara pemasangan. Ketentuan lebih lanjut mengenai Tanda Nomor Kendaraan bermotor diatur dengan **[Perpolri 7/2021](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6110e249b8687/peraturan-kepolisian-negara-nomor-7-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perpolri_7_2021)**. Menurut **Pasal 1 angka 11 Perpolri 7/2021**, Tanda Nomor Kendaraan Bermotor (“TNKB”) adalah tanda registrasi dan identifikasi kendaraan bermotor yang berfungsi sebagai bukti legitimasi pengoperasian kendaraan bermotor berupa plat atau berbahan lain dengan spesifikasi tertentu yang diterbitkan Polri. Dari sini jelas diketahui TNKB resmi hanya diterbitkan oleh Polri. Sebagai informasi, kini telah berlaku plat putih hitam. Apa itu plat putih hitam? TNKB saat ini berwarna dasar:[\[2\]](#_ftn2) 1. putih, tulisan hitam untuk kendaraan bermotor perseorangan, badan hukum, Perwakilan Negara Asing (PNA) dan badan Internasional; 2. kuning, tulisan hitam untuk kendaraan bermotor umum; 3. merah, tulisan putih untuk kendaraan bermotor instansi pemerintah; dan 4. hijau, tulisan hitam untuk kendaraan bermotor di kawasan perdagangan bebas yang mendapatkan fasilitas pembebasan bea masuk dan berdasarkan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan. ### **Sanksi Pakai Pelat Nomor Palsu** Oleh karena itu, jika ditanya bolehkah pakai plat nomor palsu? Tentu menggunakan plat nomor bodong yang tidak diterbitkan oleh Polri **tidak sah dan tidak berlaku**, serta bisa dikenai sanksi denda. Berapa denda plat nomor palsu? Hal ini tertuang tegas dalam **Pasal 280 UU LLAJ** dengan bunyi sebagai berikut. _Setiap orang yang mengemudikan Kendaraan Bermotor di Jalan yang **tidak dipasangi Tanda Nomor Kendaraan Bermotor yang ditetapkan oleh Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia** sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 68 ayat (1) dipidana dengan pidana kurungan paling lama 2 (dua) bulan atau denda paling banyak Rp500.000,00 (lima ratus ribu rupiah)._ Kemudian apakah plat nomor palsu kena tilang? Mengenai hal ini, perlu dirujuk ketentuan tentang pemeriksaan kendaraan bermotor di jalan, salah satunya pemeriksaan TNKB yang dalam **Pasal 4 ayat (3) [PP 80/2012](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt508f5bc65f442/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-80-tahun-2012?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_80_2012)** mencakup: 1. spesifikasi teknis tanda nomor kendaraan; 2. masa berlaku; dan 3. **keaslian**. Terkait dengan keaslian (keabsahan) suatu plat nomor, kendaraan bermotor yang dioperasikan di jalan **tanpa dilengkapi plat tanda nomor kendaraan yang sah sesuai dengan Surat Tanda Nomor Kendaraan (STNK)** yang bersangkutan atau plat nomor bodong merupakan tindak pidana yang dapat ditindak dengan menerbitkan surat tilang.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Dengan demikian, menjawab pertanyaan Anda, pelanggaran lalu lintas berupa menggunakan plat nomor bodong termasuk WNA pakai plat nomor palsu dapat dipidana kurungan paling lama 2 bulan atau denda paling banyak Rp500 ribu serta pelakunya diberikan surat tilang. Perkaya riset hukum Anda dengan analisis hukum terbaru dwibahasa, serta koleksi terjemahan peraturan yang terintegrasi dalam Hukumonline Pro, pelajari lebih lanjut **[di sini](https://pro.hukumonline.com/?utm_source=website&utm_medium=cta&utm_campaign=artikel_klinik)**.  Demikian jawaban dari kami terkait hukumnya memakai pelat nomor palsu, semoga bermanfaat. Dasar Hukum: 1. [Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2009 tentang Lalu Lintas dan Angkutan Jalan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4a604fcfd406d/undangundang-nomor-22-tahun-2009?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_22_2009); 2. [Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022); 3. [Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 80 Tahun 2012 tentang Tata Cara Pemeriksaan Kendaraan Bermotor di Jalan dan Penindakan Pelanggaran Lalu Lintas dan Angkutan Jalan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt508f5bc65f442/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-80-tahun-2012?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_80_2012); 4. [Peraturan Kepolisian Negara Nomor 7 Tahun 2021 tentang Registrasi dan Identifikasi Kendaraan Bermotor](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6110e249b8687/peraturan-kepolisian-negara-nomor-7-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perpolri_7_2021). * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Pasal 68 ayat (1) [Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2009 tentang Lalu Lintas dan Angkutan Jalan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4a604fcfd406d/undangundang-nomor-22-tahun-2009?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_22_2009) [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal 45 ayat (1) [Peraturan Kepolisian Negara Nomor 7 Tahun 2021 tentang Registrasi dan Identifikasi Kendaraan Bermotor](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt6110e249b8687/peraturan-kepolisian-negara-nomor-7-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perpolri_7_2021) [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 24 ayat (3) dan penjelasannya [Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 80 Tahun 2012 tentang Tata Cara Pemeriksaan Kendaraan Bermotor di Jalan dan Penindakan Pelanggaran Lalu Lintas dan Angkutan Jalan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt508f5bc65f442/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-80-tahun-2012/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_80_2012) Tags ---- [kendaraan bermotor](/tag/kendaraan-bermotor) [plat nomor](/tag/plat-nomor) [stnk](/tag/stnk) [tnkb](/tag/tnkb)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. Alat Bukti dalam Perkara PidanaKLINIK TERKAITBisakah Orang Gila Jadi Saksi di Persidangan Pidana?07 Mar 2023Menolak Panggilan Sebagai Saksi, Apa Ancaman Pidananya?03 Jan 2023Saksi Batalkan Keterangan BAP di Persidangan, Bolehkah?10 Mei 2022Hukumnya Menghadirkan Saksi Dadakan dalam Sidang Pidana26 Apr 2021Sebelumnya perlu diketahui bahwa secara yuridis, keterangan saksi maupun video merupakan suatu alat bukti yang digunakan dalam proses pembuktian pada pemeriksaan perkara pidana. Terkait pembuktian, R. Subekti berpendapat pembuktian adalah proses untuk meyakinkan hakim dalam persidangan untuk menjatuhkan hukuman kepada terdakwa.[1]Sementara alat bukti adalah segala sesuatu yang ada hubungannya dengan suatu perbuatan dan dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pembuktian guna menimbulkan keyakinan hakim atas kebenaran adanya suatu tindak pidana yang telah dilakukan oleh terdakwa.[2] Lebih lanjut, alat bukti dalam hukum acara pidana diatur dalam Pasal 184 KUHAP yaitu keterangan saksi, keterangan ahli, surat, petunjuk, dan keterangan terdakwa.Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Selanjutnya, kami terangkan pula apa yang dimaksud dengan saksi adalah orang yang dapat memberikan keterangan dalam rangka penyidikan, penuntutan, dan peradilan suatu tindak pidana yang tidak selalu ia dengar sendiri, ia lihat sendiri, dan ia alami sendiri.[3]Sedangkan keterangan saksi adalah salah satu alat bukti dalam perkara pidana yang berupa keterangan dari saksi mengenai suatu peristiwa pidana yang tidak selalu ia dengar sendiri, ia lihat sendiri, dan ia alami sendiri dengan menyebut alasan dari pengetahuannya itu.[4] Rekaman Video Berisi Keterangan Saksi Sebagai Alat BuktiMenyambung pertanyaan Anda, bagaimana validitas video yang berisi keterangan saksi yang direkam sebelum ia meninggal dunia sebagai alat bukti di persidangan, video ini dapat dikategorikan sebagai alat bukti elektronik berupa dokumen elektronik yang berisi informasi elektronik.[5]Dokumen elektronik adalah setiap informasi elektronik yang dibuat, diteruskan, dikirimkan, diterima, atau disimpan dalam bentuk analog, digital, elektromagnetik, optikal, atau sejenisnya, yang dapat dilihat, ditampilkan, dan/atau didengar melalui komputer atau sistem elektronik, termasuk tetapi tidak terbatas pada tulisan, suara, gambar, peta, rancangan, foto atau sejenisnya, huruf, tanda, angka, kode akses, simbol atau perforasi yang memiliki makna atau arti atau dapat dipahami oleh orang yang mampu memahaminya.[6]Kemudian informasi elektronik adalah satu atau sekumpulan data elektronik, termasuk tetapi tidak terbatas pada tulisan, suara, gambar, peta, rancangan, foto, electronic data interchange (EDI), surat elektronik (electronic mail), telegram, teleks, telecopy, atau sejenisnya, huruf, tanda, angka, kode akses, simbol, atau perforasi yang telah diolah yang memiliki arti atau dapat dipahami oleh orang yang mampu memahaminya.[7]Lebih lanjut, untuk menentukan validitas suatu alat bukti elektronik diperlukan pengkajian ahli yang memiliki kompetensi tertentu dalam hal ini ahli digital forensik[8] yang akan menilai keaslian video hingga didapatkan kesimpulan validitas video tersebut yang berimplikasi pada dapat atau tidaknya dijadikan sebagai alat bukti di persidangan.Keabsahan penggunaan video sebagai alat bukti elektronik menurut hemat kami sifatnya tidak absolut karena sejatinya aspek validitas video mempengaruhi aspek keabsahan video. Dengan kata lain apabila alat bukti elektronik berupa video itu dinyatakan valid oleh ahli digital forensik, selanjutnya video itu baru dapat dikatakan sah untuk dijadikan sebagai alat bukti di persidangan.Terhadap materi muatan video yakni kesaksian yang lebih lengkap daripada yang disampaikan oleh saksi di persidangan sebelumnya, kami berpendapat hakim juga akan menilai kebenaran substansi dengan cara membandingkan kedua keterangan saksi tersebut atau membandingkannya dengan keterangan saksi lain, maupun alat bukti lain yang pada akhirnya akan menentukan keabsahan video sebagai alat bukti elektronik di persidangan.Selain itu, sebagai informasi, meninggalnya saksi secara yuridis tidaklah mempengaruhi keabsahan keterangan saksi yang telah dibuat sebelumnya, baik yang disampaikan di persidangan maupun yang dibuat dalam bentuk video.Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUMUndang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1981 tentang Hukum Acara PidanaUndang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi ElektronikUndang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik PUTUSANPutusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 65/PUU-VIII/2010;Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 20/PUU-XIV/2016. REFERENSIR. Subekti, Hukum Pembuktian, Jakarta: Pradnya Paramita, 2008;Alfitra, Hukum Pembuktian dalam Beracara Pidana, Perdata, dan Korupsi di Indonesia, Jakarta: Raih Asa Sukses, 2017.[1] R. Subekti, Hukum Pembuktian, Jakarta: Pradnya Paramita, 2008, hal. 1[2] Alfitra, Hukum Pembuktian dalam Beracara Pidana, Perdata, dan Korupsi di Indonesia, Jakarta: Raih Asa Sukses, 2017, hal. 23[3] Pasal 1 angka 26  Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1981 tentang Hukum Acara Pidana (“KUHAP”) jo. Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 65/PUU-VIII/2010[4] Pasal 1 angka 27 KUHAP jo. Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 65/PUU-VIII/2010[5] Pasal 5 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik jo. Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 20/PUU-XIV/2016[6] Pasal 1 angka 4 Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (“UU 19/2016”)[7] Pasal 1 angka 1 UU 19/2016[8] Pasal 184 KUHAPTagsacara pidanaalat buktialat bukti elektronikketerangan saksipembuktiansaksi
Seorang saksi telah memberikan kesaksian dalam persidangan. Namun selang beberapa hari kemudian, ia ditemukan meninggal dunia di rumahnya. Diduga ia dibunuh oleh orang suruhan dari terdakwa. Sebelum meninggal, saksi tersebut merekam video dan memberikan kesaksian lain yang lebih lengkap dari sebelumnya. Ia bahkan mengatakan bahwa nyawanya terancam dibunuh karena memberikan kesaksian ini. Lantas apakah keterangan saksi yang diberikan dalam bentuk video valid dan sah di muka persidangan? Mengingat saksi tersebut sudah meninggal dunia.
Video yang berisi keterangan saksi tersebut dapat dianggap sebagai alat bukti elektronik. Namun sebelumnya perlu ditinjau terlebih dahulu validitas dan keabsahan video. Bagaimana caranya?   Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Bisakah Orang Gila Jadi Saksi di Persidangan Pidana?07 Mar 2023Menolak Panggilan Sebagai Saksi, Apa Ancaman Pidananya?03 Jan 2023Saksi Batalkan Keterangan BAP di Persidangan, Bolehkah?10 Mei 2022Hukumnya Menghadirkan Saksi Dadakan dalam Sidang Pidana26 Apr 2021Bisakah Orang Gila Jadi Saksi di Persidangan Pidana?07 Mar 2023Menolak Panggilan Sebagai Saksi, Apa Ancaman Pidananya?03 Jan 2023Saksi Batalkan Keterangan BAP di Persidangan, Bolehkah?10 Mei 2022Hukumnya Menghadirkan Saksi Dadakan dalam Sidang Pidana26 Apr 2021Langkah Jika Jual Beli Tanah HGB yang Belum Balik Nama15 Mei 2024Pasal Penipuan Online untuk Menjerat Pelaku27 Des 2022Cara Menghitung Pembebasan Bersyarat bagi Narapidana3 Agu 2022Langkah Jika Jual Beli Tanah HGB yang Belum Balik Nama15 Mei 2024Pasal Penipuan Online untuk Menjerat Pelaku27 Des 2022Cara Menghitung Pembebasan Bersyarat bagi Narapidana3 Agu 2022
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/bisakah-rekaman-video-keterangan-saksi-jadi-alat-bukti-lt6409a6e266af6/
Bisakah Rekaman Video Keterangan Saksi Jadi Alat Bukti?
pages/158/page-4.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. ### **Alat Bukti dalam Perkara Pidana** ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Bisakah Orang Gila Jadi Saksi di Persidangan Pidana? ](/klinik/a/bisakah-orang-gila-jadi-saksi-di-persidangan-pidana-lt4c15d67fe5c8c/) ![Bisakah Orang Gila Jadi Saksi di Persidangan Pidana?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt4c15d67fe5c8c/thumbnail_lt640805677d633.jpg) 07 Mar 2023 [ #### Menolak Panggilan Sebagai Saksi, Apa Ancaman Pidananya? ](/klinik/a/menolak-panggilan-sebagai-saksi-apa-ancaman-pidananya-lt50cc981bed84f/) ![Menolak Panggilan Sebagai Saksi, Apa Ancaman Pidananya?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt50cc981bed84f/thumbnail_lt63b3f05372f0d.jpg) 03 Jan 2023 [ #### Saksi Batalkan Keterangan BAP di Persidangan, Bolehkah? ](/klinik/a/saksi-batalkan-keterangan-bap-di-persidangan--bolehkah-lt62174874de8f7/) ![Saksi Batalkan Keterangan BAP di Persidangan, Bolehkah?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt62174874de8f7/thumbnail_lt627a4aa0e685a.jpg) 10 Mei 2022 [ #### Hukumnya Menghadirkan Saksi Dadakan dalam Sidang Pidana ](/klinik/a/hukumnya-menghadirkan-saksi-dadakan-dalam-sidang-pidana-lt6086d29225ede/) ![Hukumnya Menghadirkan Saksi Dadakan dalam Sidang Pidana](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt6086d29225ede/thumbnail_lt6086d3a19cff4.jpg) 26 Apr 2021 [](#!) Sebelumnya perlu diketahui bahwa secara yuridis, keterangan saksi maupun video merupakan suatu alat bukti yang digunakan dalam proses pembuktian pada pemeriksaan perkara pidana. Terkait pembuktian, **R. Subekti** berpendapat pembuktian adalah proses untuk meyakinkan hakim dalam persidangan untuk menjatuhkan hukuman kepada terdakwa.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Sementara alat bukti adalah segala sesuatu yang ada hubungannya dengan suatu perbuatan dan dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pembuktian guna menimbulkan keyakinan hakim atas kebenaran adanya suatu tindak pidana yang telah dilakukan oleh terdakwa.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Lebih lanjut, alat bukti dalam hukum acara pidana diatur dalam **Pasal 184** **KUHAP** yaitu keterangan saksi, keterangan ahli, surat, petunjuk, dan keterangan terdakwa. Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Selanjutnya, kami terangkan pula apa yang dimaksud dengan saksi adalah orang yang dapat memberikan keterangan dalam rangka penyidikan, penuntutan, dan peradilan suatu tindak pidana yang tidak selalu ia dengar sendiri, ia lihat sendiri, dan ia alami sendiri.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Sedangkan keterangan saksi adalah salah satu alat bukti dalam perkara pidana yang berupa keterangan dari saksi mengenai suatu peristiwa pidana yang tidak selalu ia dengar sendiri, ia lihat sendiri, dan ia alami sendiri dengan menyebut alasan dari pengetahuannya itu.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) ### **Rekaman Video Berisi Keterangan Saksi Sebagai Alat Bukti** Menyambung pertanyaan Anda, bagaimana validitas video yang berisi keterangan saksi yang direkam sebelum ia meninggal dunia sebagai alat bukti di persidangan, video ini dapat dikategorikan sebagai alat bukti elektronik berupa dokumen elektronik yang berisi informasi elektronik.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) Dokumen elektronik adalah setiap informasi elektronik yang dibuat, diteruskan, dikirimkan, diterima, atau disimpan dalam bentuk analog, digital, elektromagnetik, optikal, atau sejenisnya, yang dapat dilihat, ditampilkan, dan/atau didengar melalui komputer atau sistem elektronik, termasuk tetapi tidak terbatas pada tulisan, suara, gambar, peta, rancangan, foto atau sejenisnya, huruf, tanda, angka, kode akses, simbol atau perforasi yang memiliki makna atau arti atau dapat dipahami oleh orang yang mampu memahaminya.[\[6\]](#_ftn6) Kemudian informasi elektronik adalah satu atau sekumpulan data elektronik, termasuk tetapi tidak terbatas pada tulisan, suara, gambar, peta, rancangan, foto, electronic data interchange (EDI), surat elektronik (electronic mail), telegram, teleks, telecopy, atau sejenisnya, huruf, tanda, angka, kode akses, simbol, atau perforasi yang telah diolah yang memiliki arti atau dapat dipahami oleh orang yang mampu memahaminya.[\[7\]](#_ftn7) Lebih lanjut, untuk menentukan validitas suatu alat bukti elektronik diperlukan pengkajian ahli yang memiliki kompetensi tertentu dalam hal ini ahli digital forensik[\[8\]](#_ftn8) yang akan menilai keaslian video hingga didapatkan kesimpulan validitas video tersebut yang berimplikasi pada dapat atau tidaknya dijadikan sebagai alat bukti di persidangan. Keabsahan penggunaan video sebagai alat bukti elektronik menurut hemat kami sifatnya tidak absolut karena sejatinya aspek validitas video mempengaruhi aspek keabsahan video. Dengan kata lain apabila alat bukti elektronik berupa video itu dinyatakan valid oleh ahli digital forensik, selanjutnya video itu baru dapat dikatakan sah untuk dijadikan sebagai alat bukti di persidangan. Terhadap materi muatan video yakni kesaksian yang lebih lengkap daripada yang disampaikan oleh saksi di persidangan sebelumnya, kami berpendapat hakim juga akan menilai kebenaran substansi dengan cara membandingkan kedua keterangan saksi tersebut atau membandingkannya dengan keterangan saksi lain, maupun alat bukti lain yang pada akhirnya akan menentukan keabsahan video sebagai alat bukti elektronik di persidangan. Selain itu, sebagai informasi, meninggalnya saksi secara yuridis tidaklah mempengaruhi keabsahan keterangan saksi yang telah dibuat sebelumnya, baik yang disampaikan di persidangan maupun yang dibuat dalam bentuk video. Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1981 tentang Hukum Acara Pidana [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/2647/node/629/uu-no-8-tahun-1981-hukum-acara-pidana?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHAP) Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/27912/undangundang-nomor-11-tahun-2008?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_11_2008) Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik [](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt584a7363785c8?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_19_2016) PUTUSAN ------- 1. [Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 65/PUU-VIII/2010](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5003e3de56409/putusan-mahkamah-konstitusi-nomor-65-puu-viii-2010/document?utm_medium=internal_link_klinik?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=MK_65_2010); 2. [Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 20/PUU-XIV/2016](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5bd6d20c5595a/putusan-mahkamah-konstitusi-nomor-20-puu-xiv-2016?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=MK_20_2016). REFERENSI --------- 1. R. Subekti, _Hukum Pembuktian_, Jakarta: Pradnya Paramita, 2008; 2. Alfitra, _Hukum Pembuktian dalam Beracara Pidana, Perdata, dan Korupsi di Indonesia_, Jakarta: Raih Asa Sukses, 2017. * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) R. Subekti, _Hukum Pembuktian_, Jakarta: Pradnya Paramita, 2008, hal. 1 [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Alfitra, _Hukum Pembuktian dalam Beracara Pidana, Perdata, dan Korupsi di Indonesia_, Jakarta: Raih Asa Sukses, 2017, hal. 23 [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 1 angka 26  [Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1981 tentang Hukum Acara Pidana](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/2647/node/629/uu-no-8-tahun-1981-hukum-acara-pidana?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=KUHAP) (“KUHAP”) _jo._ [Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 65/PUU-VIII/2010](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5003e3de56409/putusan-mahkamah-konstitusi-nomor-65-puu-viii-2010/document?utm_medium=internal_link_klinik?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=MK_65_2010) [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 1 angka 27 KUHAP _jo._ [Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 65/PUU-VIII/2010](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5003e3de56409/putusan-mahkamah-konstitusi-nomor-65-puu-viii-2010/document?utm_medium=internal_link_klinik?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=MK_65_2010) [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Pasal 5 ayat (1) [Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/27912/undangundang-nomor-11-tahun-2008?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_11_2008) _jo._ [Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 20/PUU-XIV/2016](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5bd6d20c5595a/putusan-mahkamah-konstitusi-nomor-20-puu-xiv-2016?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=MK_20_2016) [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Pasal 1 angka 4 [Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt584a7363785c8?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_19_2016) (“UU 19/2016”) [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Pasal 1 angka 1 UU 19/2016 [\[8\]](#_ftnref8) Pasal 184 KUHAP Tags ---- [acara pidana](/tag/acara-pidana) [alat bukti](/tag/alat-bukti) [alat bukti elektronik](/tag/alat-bukti-elektronik) [keterangan saksi](/tag/keterangan-saksi) [pembuktian](/tag/pembuktian) [saksi](/tag/saksi)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda.Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika.Biaya Penyelesaian Sengketa Melalui MediasiKLINIK TERKAITBisakah Penyelesaian Sengketa Jarak Jauh Dilakukan Melalui LAPS SJK?02 Feb 2023Alur Penyelesaian Sengketa Jasa Keuangan Melalui LAPS SJK01 Feb 2023Mengenal LAPS SJK (Lembaga Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Sektor Jasa Keuangan)30 Jan 2023Penyelesaian Sengketa di Luar Pengadilan via LAPS SJK25 Mei 2022Sebelum menjawab pertanyaan Anda, kami terlebih dahulu akan menjelaskan mengenai jenis-jenis sengketa yang ditangani oleh Lembaga Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Sektor Jasa Keuangan (“LAPS SJK”).Pada dasarnya, pengaduan sengketa yang dilayani oleh LAPS SJK yaitu sengketa retail & small claims dan sengketa komersil. Pembagian jenis sengketa ini berlaku untuk penyelesaian sengketa sektor jasa keuangan melalui mediasi.Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Adapun yang menjadi tolok ukur penentuan jenis sengketa tersebut diatur dalam Peraturan LAPS SJK No. 06. Sengketa yang masuk ke dalam kategori retail & small claims dikategorikan berdasarkan nilai sengketa yang akan diselesaikan di LAPS SJK, yaitu:[1]Jenis SengketaNilai Tuntutan Konsumen ke PUJK Bidang pergadaian, pembiayaan dan financial technologyRp200.000.000,00 Perbankan, pasar modal, asuransi jiwa, dana pensiun, modal ventura, dan penjaminanRp500.000.000,00 Asuransi umumRp750.000.000,00 Apabila nilai sengketa yang dimohonkan melalui Aplikasi Portal Perlindungan Konsumen (“APPK”) tidak melebihi dari ambang batas nilai sengketa sebagaimana disebutkan di atas, maka  termasuk kategori sengketa retail & small claims sehingga tidak dikenakan biaya apapun.[2]Namun, apabila nilai sengketa yang dimohonkan melalui APPK melebihi ambang batas nilai sengketa sebagaimana disebutkan di atas, maka akan dikategorikan sebagai sengketa komersil.Terhadap sengketa komersil, jika penyelesaian sengketa diselesaikan melalui mediasi, maka akan dikenakan biaya penanganan aduan yang terdiri dari biaya wajib yang harus dibayarkan serta biaya tentatif yaitu biaya yang harus dibayarkan jika diperlukan dalam rangkaian proses mediasi. Biaya wajib terdiri dari biaya pendaftaran permohonan mediasi, biaya administrasi mediasi serta honorarium mediator. Sedangkan biaya tentatif terdiri dari biaya pertemuan dan biaya pelaksanaan hasil mediasi.[3]Adapun rincian biayanya dapat Anda lihat dalam Lampiran III Peraturan LAPS SJK No. 06. Sebagai ilustrasi, dapat Anda simak perhitungan berikut ini:[4]Biaya pendaftaran: Rp2,5 jutaBiaya administrasi mediasi adalah 33,33% dari biaya administrasi arbitrase dengan ketentuan minimum biaya Rp5 juta. Misalnya nilai sengketa Rp3,5 miliar, maka biaya administrasi mediasinya menjadi [(2.500.000.000 x 7%) + (1.000.000.000 x 6%) x 30% x 80%] x 33,33%.  Honorarium mediator adalah 33,33% dari honorarium arbiter dengan minimum biaya Rp12 juta. Misalnya nilai sengketa Rp3,5 miliar, maka biaya administrasi mediasinya menjadi [(2.500.000.000 x 7%) + (1.000.000.000 x 6%) x 70% x 80%] x 33,33%Apabila honorarium mediator dibagi per jam karena mediasi berakhir tanpa kesepakatan perdamaian maka LAPS SJK memberikan honorarium kepada mediator Rp2,5 juta dan maksimal Rp7,5 juta per sesi pertemuan.Deposit biaya pertemuan: Rp2,5 juta.Biaya Penyelesaian Sengketa Melalui ArbitraseSementara, apabila sengketa diselesaikan melalui arbitrase di LAPS SJK, maka biaya yang diperlukan antara lain biaya pendaftaran permohonan arbitrase, biaya administrasi arbitrase, honorarium arbiter, biaya pemeriksaan, dan biaya pelaksanaan hasil arbitrase serta biaya-biaya permohonan rekonvensi.[5]Adapun terkait dengan rincian biaya arbitrase dapat Anda baca di dalam Lampiran II Peraturan LAPS SJK No. 06. Sebagai ilustrasi, berikut akan kami tampilkan rincian biaya sengketa melalui arbitrase yang nilai sengketanya Rp3,5 miliar.[6]Biaya pendaftaran permohonan arbitrase: Rp2,5 juta.Biaya administrasi arbitrase menggunakan skala tarif secara berjenjang yakni sebagai berikut: [(2.500.000.000 x 7%) + (1.000.000.000 x 6%) x 30% x 80%].Honorarium arbiter juga menggunakan skala tarif berjenjang dengan perhitungan sebagai berikut: [(2.500.000.000 x 7%) + (1.000.000.000 x 6%) x 70% x 80%].Jika majelis arbitrase terdiri dari 5 orang, maka dikenakan honor arbiter sebesar 150% dari hasil perhitungan tarif tersebut.Deposit biaya pemeriksaan: termohon dan pemohon masing-masing menyetor Rp5 juta.Untuk informasi lebih lengkap mengenai biaya, Anda dapat mengakses peraturan biaya tersebut melalui laman LAPS SJK.Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat.DASAR HUKUMPeraturan Lembaga Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Sektor Jasa Keuangan Nomor 06 tentang Biaya Layanan Penyelesaian Sengketa.REFERENSIAplikasi Portal Perlindungan Konsumen yang diakses pada Kamis, 9 Maret 2023 pukul 10.05 WIB;LAPS SJK yang diakses pada Kamis, 9 Maret 2023 pukul 10.59 WIB.[1] Pasal 19 ayat (1) Peraturan Lembaga Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Sektor Jasa Keuangan Nomor 6 tentang Biaya Layanan Penyelesaian Sengketa (“Peraturan LAPS SJK No. 06”)[2] Pasal19 ayat (2) Peraturan LAPS SJK No. 06[3] Pasal 2 huruf (b) Peraturan LAPS SJK No. 06[4] Lampiran III Peraturan LAPS SJK No. 06[5] Pasal 2 huruf (a) Peraturan LAPS SJK No. 06[6] Lampiran II Peraturan LAPS SJK No. 06Tagsadralternatif penyelesaian sengketajasa keuangankonsumenotoritas jasa keuanganpengaduan konsumen
Saya sudah mengajukan permohonan pengaduan sengketa melalui Aplikasi Portal Perlindungan Konsumen atau APPK. Apakah terdapat biaya jika saya memohonkan untuk menyelesaikan pengaduan tersebut di LAPS SJK?
Lembaga Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Sektor Jasa Keuangan (“LAPS SJK”) memberikan setidak-tidaknya dua jenis layanan penyelesaian sengketa yaitu mediasi dan arbitrase. Lantas, berapakah biaya di LAPS SJK yang perlu dikeluarkan oleh konsumen atau para pihak? Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Bisakah Penyelesaian Sengketa Jarak Jauh Dilakukan Melalui LAPS SJK?02 Feb 2023Alur Penyelesaian Sengketa Jasa Keuangan Melalui LAPS SJK01 Feb 2023Mengenal LAPS SJK (Lembaga Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Sektor Jasa Keuangan)30 Jan 2023Penyelesaian Sengketa di Luar Pengadilan via LAPS SJK25 Mei 2022Bisakah Penyelesaian Sengketa Jarak Jauh Dilakukan Melalui LAPS SJK?02 Feb 2023Alur Penyelesaian Sengketa Jasa Keuangan Melalui LAPS SJK01 Feb 2023Mengenal LAPS SJK (Lembaga Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Sektor Jasa Keuangan)30 Jan 2023Penyelesaian Sengketa di Luar Pengadilan via LAPS SJK25 Mei 2022Cara Menghitung Pembebasan Bersyarat bagi Narapidana3 Agu 2022Simak! Ini 5 Langkah Merger PT 22 Mei 2023Cara Mengurus Surat Cerai dan Langkah Mengajukan Gugatannya22 Jun 2023Cara Menghitung Pembebasan Bersyarat bagi Narapidana3 Agu 2022Simak! Ini 5 Langkah Merger PT 22 Mei 2023Cara Mengurus Surat Cerai dan Langkah Mengajukan Gugatannya22 Jun 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/biaya-layanan-penyelesaian-sengketa-di-laps-sjk-lt6409873512cd3/
Biaya Layanan Penyelesaian Sengketa di LAPS SJK
pages/158/page-5.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat **[Pernyataan Penyangkalan](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer)** selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan **[Konsultan Mitra Justika](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika)****.** ### **Biaya Penyelesaian Sengketa Melalui Mediasi** ### KLINIK TERKAIT [](#!) [ #### Bisakah Penyelesaian Sengketa Jarak Jauh Dilakukan Melalui LAPS SJK? ](/klinik/a/bisakah-penyelesaian-sengketa-jarak-jauh-dilakukan-melalui-laps-sjk-lt63db6205289c7/) ![Bisakah Penyelesaian Sengketa Jarak Jauh Dilakukan Melalui LAPS SJK?](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt63db6205289c7/thumbnail_lt63db62d1e9b6c.jpg) 02 Feb 2023 [ #### Alur Penyelesaian Sengketa Jasa Keuangan Melalui LAPS SJK ](/klinik/a/alur-penyelesaian-sengketa-jasa-keuangan-melalui-laps-sjk-lt63da2bd746301/) ![Alur Penyelesaian Sengketa Jasa Keuangan Melalui LAPS SJK](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt63da2bd746301/thumbnail_lt63da2ca8419d7.jpg) 01 Feb 2023 [ #### Mengenal LAPS SJK (Lembaga Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Sektor Jasa Keuangan) ](/klinik/a/mengenal-laps-sjk-lembaga-alternatif-penyelesaian-sengketa-sektor-jasa-keuangan-lt63d79c5153926/) ![Mengenal LAPS SJK (Lembaga Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Sektor Jasa Keuangan)](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt63d79c5153926/thumbnail_lt63d79e3a191ff.jpg) 30 Jan 2023 [ #### Penyelesaian Sengketa di Luar Pengadilan via LAPS SJK ](/klinik/a/penyelesaian-sengketa-di-luar-pengadilan-via-laps-sjk-lt628e118797df9/) ![Penyelesaian Sengketa di Luar Pengadilan via LAPS SJK](https://images.hukumonline.com/frontend/lt628e118797df9/thumbnail_lt628e133aef0be.jpg) 25 Mei 2022 [](#!) Sebelum menjawab pertanyaan Anda, kami terlebih dahulu akan menjelaskan mengenai jenis-jenis sengketa yang ditangani oleh Lembaga Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Sektor Jasa Keuangan (“LAPS SJK”). Pada dasarnya, pengaduan sengketa yang dilayani oleh LAPS SJK yaitu sengketa _retail & small claims_ dan sengketa komersil. Pembagian jenis sengketa ini berlaku untuk penyelesaian sengketa sektor jasa keuangan melalui mediasi. Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Adapun yang menjadi tolok ukur penentuan jenis sengketa tersebut diatur dalam **[Peraturan LAPS SJK No. 06](https://lapssjk.id/peraturan-tentang-biaya-1/)**. Sengketa yang masuk ke dalam kategori _retail & small claims_ dikategorikan berdasarkan nilai sengketa yang akan diselesaikan di LAPS SJK, yaitu:[\[1\]](#_ftn1) **Jenis Sengketa** **Nilai Tuntutan Konsumen ke PUJK** Bidang pergadaian, pembiayaan dan _financial technology_ Rp200.000.000,00 Perbankan, pasar modal, asuransi jiwa, dana pensiun, modal ventura, dan penjaminan Rp500.000.000,00 Asuransi umum Rp750.000.000,00 Apabila nilai sengketa yang dimohonkan melalui [Aplikasi Portal Perlindungan Konsumen](https://kontak157.ojk.go.id/appkpublicportal/Login) (“APPK”) tidak melebihi dari ambang batas nilai sengketa sebagaimana disebutkan di atas, maka  termasuk kategori sengketa _retail & small claims_ sehingga **tidak dikenakan biaya apapun**.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Namun, apabila nilai sengketa yang dimohonkan melalui APPK melebihi ambang batas nilai sengketa sebagaimana disebutkan di atas, maka akan dikategorikan sebagai sengketa komersil. Terhadap sengketa komersil, jika penyelesaian sengketa diselesaikan melalui mediasi, maka akan dikenakan biaya penanganan aduan yang terdiri dari biaya wajib yang harus dibayarkan serta biaya tentatif yaitu biaya yang harus dibayarkan jika diperlukan dalam rangkaian proses mediasi. Biaya wajib terdiri dari biaya pendaftaran permohonan mediasi, biaya administrasi mediasi serta honorarium mediator. Sedangkan biaya tentatif terdiri dari biaya pertemuan dan biaya pelaksanaan hasil mediasi.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Adapun rincian biayanya dapat Anda lihat dalam **Lampiran III** Peraturan LAPS SJK No. 06. Sebagai ilustrasi, dapat Anda simak perhitungan berikut ini:[\[4\]](#_ftn4) 1. Biaya pendaftaran: Rp2,5 juta 2. Biaya administrasi mediasi adalah 33,33% dari biaya administrasi arbitrase dengan ketentuan minimum biaya Rp5 juta. Misalnya nilai sengketa Rp3,5 miliar, maka biaya administrasi mediasinya menjadi \[(2.500.000.000 x 7%) + (1.000.000.000 x 6%) x 30% x 80%\] x 33,33%.   3. Honorarium mediator adalah 33,33% dari honorarium arbiter dengan minimum biaya Rp12 juta. Misalnya nilai sengketa Rp3,5 miliar, maka biaya administrasi mediasinya menjadi \[(2.500.000.000 x 7%) + (1.000.000.000 x 6%) x 70% x 80%\] x 33,33% Apabila honorarium mediator dibagi per jam karena mediasi berakhir tanpa kesepakatan perdamaian maka LAPS SJK memberikan honorarium kepada mediator Rp2,5 juta dan maksimal Rp7,5 juta per sesi pertemuan. 4. Deposit biaya pertemuan: Rp2,5 juta. ### **Biaya Penyelesaian Sengketa Melalui Arbitrase** Sementara, apabila sengketa diselesaikan melalui arbitrase di LAPS SJK, maka biaya yang diperlukan antara lain biaya pendaftaran permohonan arbitrase, biaya administrasi arbitrase, honorarium arbiter, biaya pemeriksaan, dan biaya pelaksanaan hasil arbitrase serta biaya-biaya permohonan rekonvensi.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) Adapun terkait dengan rincian biaya arbitrase dapat Anda baca di dalam **Lampiran II** Peraturan LAPS SJK No. 06. Sebagai ilustrasi, berikut akan kami tampilkan rincian biaya sengketa melalui arbitrase yang nilai sengketanya Rp3,5 miliar.[\[6\]](#_ftn6) 1. Biaya pendaftaran permohonan arbitrase: Rp2,5 juta. 2. Biaya administrasi arbitrase menggunakan skala tarif secara berjenjang yakni sebagai berikut: \[(2.500.000.000 x 7%) + (1.000.000.000 x 6%) x 30% x 80%\]. 3. Honorarium arbiter juga menggunakan skala tarif berjenjang dengan perhitungan sebagai berikut: \[(2.500.000.000 x 7%) + (1.000.000.000 x 6%) x 70% x 80%\]. Jika majelis arbitrase terdiri dari 5 orang, maka dikenakan honor arbiter sebesar 150% dari hasil perhitungan tarif tersebut. 4. Deposit biaya pemeriksaan: termohon dan pemohon masing-masing menyetor Rp5 juta. Untuk informasi lebih lengkap mengenai biaya, Anda dapat mengakses peraturan biaya tersebut melalui laman [**LAPS SJK**.](https://lapssjk.id/peraturan-tentang-biaya-2/) Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. DASAR HUKUM ----------- [Peraturan Lembaga Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Sektor Jasa Keuangan Nomor 06 tentang Biaya Layanan Penyelesaian Sengketa](https://lapssjk.id/peraturan-tentang-biaya-2/). REFERENSI --------- 1. [Aplikasi Portal Perlindungan Konsumen](https://kontak157.ojk.go.id/appkpublicportal/Login) yang diakses pada Kamis, 9 Maret 2023 pukul 10.05 WIB; 2. [LAPS SJK](https://lapssjk.id/peraturan-tentang-biaya-2/) yang diakses pada Kamis, 9 Maret 2023 pukul 10.59 WIB. * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Pasal 19 ayat (1) [Peraturan Lembaga Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Sektor Jasa Keuangan Nomor 6 tentang Biaya Layanan Penyelesaian Sengketa](https://lapssjk.id/peraturan-tentang-biaya-1/) (“Peraturan LAPS SJK No. 06”) [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Pasal19 ayat (2) Peraturan LAPS SJK No. 06 [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 2 huruf (b) Peraturan LAPS SJK No. 06 [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Lampiran III Peraturan LAPS SJK No. 06 [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Pasal 2 huruf (a) Peraturan LAPS SJK No. 06 [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Lampiran II Peraturan LAPS SJK No. 06 Tags ---- [adr](/tag/adr) [alternatif penyelesaian sengketa](/tag/alternatif-penyelesaian-sengketa) [jasa keuangan](/tag/jasa-keuangan) [konsumen](/tag/konsumen) [otoritas jasa keuangan](/tag/otoritas-jasa-keuangan) [pengaduan konsumen](/tag/pengaduan-konsumen)
ULASAN LENGKAPThis article is an English translation of Aturan tentang Pemain Sepak Bola Asing di Indonesia which was written by Dian Dwi Jayanti, S.H., and was published on Wednesday, 1 March 2023. This article below is an update with the same title, which was first written by Abi Jam'an Kurnia, S.H., and was first published on Thursday, 21 June 2018.All legal information available on Klinik hukumonline.com has been prepared for educational purposes only and is general in nature (read the complete Disclaimer). In order to obtain legal advice specific to your case, please consult with Justika Partner Consultant.Are Foreign Football Players Categorized as Foreign Workers?Formerly, you should first understand Article 1 number 13 Law 13/2003 that states a Foreign Worker (Tenaga Kerja Asing/ “TKA”)is a visa holder of foreign citizenship with the intention to work in the territory of Indonesia.Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000Lihat Semua Kelas Any employer who employs Foreign Workers must possess a Foreign Workers Recruitment Plan (Rencana Penggunaan TKA/ “RPTKA”) that is validated by the Central Government.[1] Foreign workers may be employed in Indonesia only in an employment relationship for certain positions and a specified period as well as having competence in accordance with positions that will be occupied.[2]In response to your question, in accordance with the Appendix to Decree of Minister of Manpower 228/2019, football players with the International Standard Classification of Occupations (“ISCO”) code number 3421, are categorized as positions that can be occupied by Foreign Workers (p. 62). Thus, foreign football players (from abroad) are subject to the rules of the Manpower Law a.k.a Law 13/2003.However, regarding the recruitment of Foreign Workers, the provisions are not only regulated in the Manpower Law, but also in other laws and regulations such as Government Regulation 34/2021.However, it should be understood that this rule is not a lex specialis of a more general rule (lex generalis), because, in the application of the principle lex specialis derogat legi generalis, the laws and regulations must be in the same level/hierarchy, for example, a law with another law. For a further explanation of this principle, you may read 3 Principles of Law: Lex Superior, Lex Specialis, and Lex Posterior, and Their Examples.Regulations on the Recruitment of Foreign WorkersForeign Workers' Employer is a legal entity established based on Indonesian law or other entities that employ Foreign Workers by paying wages or other forms of remuneration.[3] Foreign Workers' Employers include:[4]Government agencies, representatives of foreign countries, and international agencies;foreign trade representative offices, foreign company representative offices, and foreign news agencies operating in Indonesia;foreign private companies operating in Indonesia;legal entities in the form of a Limited-Liability Company or Foundation, which are established based on Indonesian law or foreign business entities which are registered with the authorized agency;social, religious, educational, and cultural institutions;impresario businesses; andother business entities, provided that they are allowed by the law to recruit Foreign Workers.Every Foreign Workers' Employer who employs Foreign Workers must have an RPTKA which is validated by the Minister of Manpower or an appointed official.[5] Foreign Workers Recruitment Plan, from this point onward is referred to as RPTKA, is a plan for the recruitment of Foreign Workers in certain positions and for a certain period.[6]To secure validation of RPTKA, Foreign Workers’ Employers shall submit an application online to the Minister of Manpower or the appointed official[7] that at least contains:[8]identity of the Foreign Workers’ Employer;reasons for the recruitment of Foreign Workers;position or ranking of Foreign Workers in the company’s organizational structure;number of Foreign Workers;time period of Foreign Workers recruitment;work location of Foreign Workers;identity of Foreign Workers Understudy Workers; andplan to absorb the Indonesian workforce every year.After the results of the feasibility assessment of the validation of RPTKA, Foreign Workers’ Employers shall submit data of Foreign Workers' candidates online, to the Minister of Manpower or the appointed official. Data of Foreign Workers shall contain:[9]identities of Foreign Workers;positions of Foreign Workers and work periods of Foreign Workers;work locations of Foreign Workers; anddetermination of codes and domicile locations of Foreign Workers.Furthermore, the prospective Foreign Workers’ data and documents shall be verified by no later than 2 business days and if declared complete and correct and the Foreign Workers’ Employers have paid the Compensation Fund for the Recruitment of TKA (“Dana Kompensasi Penggunaan TKA”), the Minister of Manpower or the appointed official shall issue the validation of RPTKA.[10]For additional information, the validation of RPTKA is used as a recommendation to obtain a visa and stay permit in the framework of working for Foreign Workers.[11]These are the answers we can provide, we hope you will find them useful.Legal Basis:Law Number 13 of 2003 on Manpower;Regulation of the Government in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation;Regulation of the Government Number 34 of 2021 on the Recruitment of Foreign Workers;Decree of the Minister of Manpower Number 228 of 2019 on Certain Positions Which May Be Occupied by Foreign Workers.[1] Article 81 number 4 Regulation of the Government in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation (“Perppu 2/2022”) which amended Article 42 section (1) Law Number 13 of 2003 on Manpower (“Law 13/2003”).[2] Article 81 number 4 Perppu 2/2022 which amended Article 42 section (4) Law 13/2003.[3] Pasal 1 angka 2 Regulation of the Government Number 34 of 2021 on the Recruitment of Foreign Workers (“Government Regulation 34/2021”).[4] Pasal 3 ayat (1) Government Regulation 34/2021.[5] Pasal 6 ayat (1) Government Regulation 34/2021.[6] Pasal 1 angka 4 Government Regulation 34/2021.[7] Pasal 12 ayat (1) Government Regulation 34/2021.[8] Pasal 12 ayat (2) Government Regulation 34/2021.[9] Pasal 14 ayat (1) dan (2) Government Regulation 34/2021.[10] Pasal 14 ayat (5) Government Regulation 34/2021.[11] Pasal 14 ayat (6) Government Regulation 34/2021.Tagsklinik english edition
Can foreign football players (from abroad) be categorized as Foreign Workers? Furthermore, are foreign football players only subject to the provisions of the Manpower Law? Or is there a lex specialis? Thank you.
Football players with the International Standard Classification of Occupations (“ISCO”) code number 3421 are categorized in the positions that can be occupied by Foreign Workers. Thus, foreign football players (from abroad) are subject to the provisions of the Manpower Law and its implementing regulations. Then, because of their status as Foreign Workers, what are the provisions for the recruitment of Foreign Workers in Indonesia? Please read the review below for a further explanation. Begini Cara Hitung Upah Lembur Pada Hari Raya Keagamaan12 Apr 2023Ini Cara Mengurus Akta Nikah yang Terlambat 30 Sep 2022Persyaratan Pemberhentian Direksi dan Komisaris PT PMA17 Mei 2023Begini Cara Hitung Upah Lembur Pada Hari Raya Keagamaan12 Apr 2023Ini Cara Mengurus Akta Nikah yang Terlambat 30 Sep 2022Persyaratan Pemberhentian Direksi dan Komisaris PT PMA17 Mei 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/regulations-on-foreign-football-players-in-indonesia-lt640954174e361/
Regulations on Foreign Football Players in Indonesia
pages/158/page-6.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- This article is an English translation of [**_Aturan tentang Pemain Sepak Bola Asing di Indonesia_**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/aturan-tentang-pemain-sepak-bola-asing-di-indonesia-lt58c50c14ef690?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=aturan_pemain_sepak_bola_asing) which was written by [**Dian Dwi Jayanti, S.H.**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/dian-dwi-jayanti--sh-lt6374680d16d2f), and was published on Wednesday, 1 March 2023. **This article below is an update with the same title, which was first written by** [**Abi Jam'an Kurnia, S.H.**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/si-pokrol-lt4b457ff0c3e1b/abi-jaman-kurnia--sh-lt5af158b5ce08c)**, and was first published on Thursday, 21 June 2018.** All legal information available on Klinik hukumonline.com has been prepared for educational purposes only and is general in nature (read the complete [**Disclaimer**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer)). In order to obtain legal advice specific to your case, please consult with [**Justika Partner Consultant**](https://www.justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Are Foreign Football Players Categorized as Foreign Workers?** Formerly, you should first understand **Article 1 number 13** [**Law 13/2003**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13146/undangundang-nomor-13-tahun-2003/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_13_2003) that states a Foreign Worker (Tenaga Kerja Asing/ “TKA”)is a visa holder of foreign citizenship with the intention to work in the territory of Indonesia. Belajar Hukum Secara Online dari Pengajar Berkompeten Dengan Biaya TerjangkauMulai DariRp. 149.000[Lihat Semua Kelas](https://learning.hukumonline.com/) Any employer who employs Foreign Workers must possess a Foreign Workers Recruitment Plan (Rencana Penggunaan TKA/ “RPTKA”) that is validated by the Central Government.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) Foreign workers may be employed in Indonesia only in an employment relationship for certain positions and a specified period as well as having competence in accordance with positions that will be occupied.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) In response to your question, in accordance with the **Appendix to** [**Decree of Minister of Manpower 228/2019**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5d688fd49d6cf?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=kepmenaker_228_2019), football players with the International Standard Classification of Occupations (“ISCO”) code number 3421, are categorized as positions that can be occupied by Foreign Workers (p. 62). Thus, foreign football players (from abroad) are subject to the rules of the Manpower Law a.k.a Law 13/2003. However, regarding the recruitment of Foreign Workers, the provisions are not only regulated in the Manpower Law, but also in other laws and regulations such as [**Government Regulation 34/2021**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt60322aa20df10/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-34-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_34_2021). However, it should be understood that this rule is not a _lex specialis_ of a more general rule (_lex generalis_), because, in the application of the principle _lex specialis derogat legi generalis_, the laws and regulations must be in the same level/hierarchy, for example, a law with another law. For a further explanation of this principle, you may read [**3 Principles of Law: _Lex Superior_, _Lex Specialis_, and _Lex Posterior_, and Their Examples**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/3-asas-hukum--ilex-superior-i--ilex-specialis-i--dan-ilex-posterior-i-beserta-contohnya-cl6806?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=3_asas_hukum_lex). ### **Regulations on the Recruitment of Foreign Workers** Foreign Workers' Employer is a legal entity established based on Indonesian law or other entities that employ Foreign Workers by paying wages or other forms of remuneration.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Foreign Workers' Employers include:[\[4\]](#_ftn4) 1. Government agencies, representatives of foreign countries, and international agencies; 2. foreign trade representative offices, foreign company representative offices, and foreign news agencies operating in Indonesia; 3. foreign private companies operating in Indonesia; 4. legal entities in the form of a Limited-Liability Company or Foundation, which are established based on Indonesian law or foreign business entities which are registered with the authorized agency; 5. social, religious, educational, and cultural institutions; 6. impresario businesses; and 7. other business entities, provided that they are allowed by the law to recruit Foreign Workers. Every Foreign Workers' Employer who employs Foreign Workers must have an RPTKA which is validated by the Minister of Manpower or an appointed official.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) Foreign Workers Recruitment Plan, from this point onward is referred to as RPTKA, is a plan for the recruitment of Foreign Workers in certain positions and for a certain period.[\[6\]](#_ftn6) To secure validation of RPTKA, Foreign Workers’ Employers shall submit an application online to the Minister of Manpower or the appointed official[\[7\]](#_ftn7) that at least contains:[\[8\]](#_ftn8) 1. identity of the Foreign Workers’ Employer; 2. reasons for the recruitment of Foreign Workers; 3. position or ranking of Foreign Workers in the company’s organizational structure; 4. number of Foreign Workers; 5. time period of Foreign Workers recruitment; 6. work location of Foreign Workers; 7. identity of Foreign Workers Understudy Workers; and 8. plan to absorb the Indonesian workforce every year. After the results of the feasibility assessment of the validation of RPTKA, Foreign Workers’ Employers shall submit data of Foreign Workers' candidates online, to the Minister of Manpower or the appointed official. Data of Foreign Workers shall contain:[\[9\]](#_ftn9) 1. identities of Foreign Workers; 2. positions of Foreign Workers and work periods of Foreign Workers; 3. work locations of Foreign Workers; and 4. determination of codes and domicile locations of Foreign Workers. Furthermore, the prospective Foreign Workers’ data and documents shall be verified by no later than 2 business days and if declared complete and correct and the Foreign Workers’ Employers have paid the Compensation Fund for the Recruitment of TKA (“Dana Kompensasi Penggunaan TKA”), the Minister of Manpower or the appointed official shall issue the validation of RPTKA.[\[10\]](#_ftn10) For additional information, the validation of RPTKA is used as a recommendation to obtain a visa and stay permit in the framework of working for Foreign Workers.[\[11\]](#_ftn11) These are the answers we can provide, we hope you will find them useful. Legal Basis: 1. [Law Number 13 of 2003 on Manpower](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13146/undangundang-nomor-13-tahun-2003/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_13_2003); 2. [Regulation of the Government in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022); 3. [Regulation of the Government Number 34 of 2021 on the Recruitment of Foreign Workers](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt60322aa20df10/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-34-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_34_2021); 4. [Decree of the Minister of Manpower Number 228 of 2019 on Certain Positions Which May Be Occupied by Foreign Workers](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5d688fd49d6cf?utm_source=&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=kepmenaker_228_2019). * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Article 81 number 4 [Regulation of the Government in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022) (“Perppu 2/2022”) which amended Article 42 section (1) [Law Number 13 of 2003 on Manpower](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/13146/undangundang-nomor-13-tahun-2003/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_13_2003) (“Law 13/2003”). [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Article 81 number 4 Perppu 2/2022 which amended Article 42 section (4) Law 13/2003. [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Pasal 1 angka 2 [Regulation of the Government Number 34 of 2021 on the Recruitment of Foreign Workers](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt60322aa20df10/peraturan-pemerintah-nomor-34-tahun-2021?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=pp_34_2021) (“Government Regulation 34/2021”). [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Pasal 3 ayat (1) Government Regulation 34/2021. [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Pasal 6 ayat (1) Government Regulation 34/2021. [\[6\]](#_ftnref6) Pasal 1 angka 4 Government Regulation 34/2021. [\[7\]](#_ftnref7) Pasal 12 ayat (1) Government Regulation 34/2021. [\[8\]](#_ftnref8) Pasal 12 ayat (2) Government Regulation 34/2021. [\[9\]](#_ftnref9) Pasal 14 ayat (1) dan (2) Government Regulation 34/2021. [\[10\]](#_ftnref10) Pasal 14 ayat (5) Government Regulation 34/2021. [\[11\]](#_ftnref11) Pasal 14 ayat (6) Government Regulation 34/2021. Tags ---- [klinik english edition](/tag/klinik-english-edition)
ULASAN LENGKAPTerima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul Aturan Pencabutan dan Tidak Berlakunya Undang-undang yang dibuat oleh M. Naufal Fileindi, S.H. dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Selasa, 29 Mei 2012. Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat Pernyataan Penyangkalan selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan Konsultan Mitra Justika. Pencabutan Undang-Undang Menjawab pertanyaan Anda, apakah undang-undang bisa dicabut? Bisa, undang-undang dapat dicabut karena dua sebab, yaitu karena dicabut sendiri oleh suatu undang-undang atau karena putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi (“MK”). Berikut kami jelaskan terlebih dahulu pencabutan undang-undang karena dicabut sendiri oleh undang-undang.Kewenangan pembentukan undang-undang ada pada Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (“DPR”) bersama dengan Presiden. Dalam hal-hal tertentu seperti otonomi daerah, Dewan Perwakilan Daerah (DPD) ikut dalam proses pembahasan undang-undang, tetapi tidak memberikan persetujuan. DPR dan Presiden masing-masing berhak mengajukan, membahas, mengubah, menyetujui, dan/atau menolak suatu rancangan undang-undang.[1] DPR dan Presiden merupakan pembentuk undang-undang (law making power).Selanjutnya, menjawab pertanyaan tentang siapa yang bisa mencabut undang-undang? Pada dasarnya kewenangan membentuk undang-undang secara otomatis juga melekat kewenangan mencabut undang-undang yang dibentuknya itu. Setiap undang-undang mempunyai norma hukum yang bersifat terus menerus (dauerhaftig). Maksudnya, selama belum diubah, dicabut, atau diganti, norma atau ketentuan di dalam undang-undang akan terus berlaku.[2]Pencabutan adalah proses untuk menjadikan suatu peraturan perundang-undangan, dalam hal ini undang-undang, tidak memiliki daya laku dan daya guna lagi sehingga tidak lagi mempunyai kekuatan mengikat secara hukum.Baca juga: Tata Cara Pencabutan Undang-UndangOleh karenanya, pencabutan harus dilakukan dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang setara atau lebih tinggi.[3] Dalam konteks pencabutan undang-undang harus dicabut dengan undang-undang juga. Dengan demikian, DPR bersama Presiden merupakan lembaga negara yang berwenang mencabut undang-undang.Apa akibat hukum jika undang-undang dicabut? Undang-undang yang dicabut itu tidak lagi mempunyai daya laku dan daya guna alias tidak berlaku lagi. Dengan kata lain, pencabutan mengakhiri keberlakuan (validity) dari suatu undang-undang dan menjadikannya tidak berlaku. ‘Pembatalan’ Undang-Undang oleh MKSelanjutnya, putusan MK dapat menyatakan suatu undang-undang ‘dicabut’ atau ‘dibatalkan’. Namun pencabutan ini berbeda dengan kewenangan yang diberikan kepada DPR bersama Presiden melalui pembentukan undang-undang.Menurut Pasal 24C ayat (1) UUD 1945, MK berwenang menguji undang-undang terhadap UUD 1945 guna menilai kesesuaiannya dengan UUD 1945. Jika MK memutuskan undang-undang telah bertentangan dengan UUD 1945, undang-undang secara keseluruhan atau bagian tertentu dinyatakan tidak mempunyai kekuatan hukum mengikat.Dalam situasi tersebut, undang-undang atau bagian undang-undang yang bersangkutan hanya memiliki daya laku saja tetapi tidak memiliki daya guna.[4] Masih memiliki daya laku karena belum dicabut oleh undang-undang. Tidak memiliki daya guna karena undang-undang itu tidak boleh dipatuhi karena dinyatakan bertentangan dengan UUD 1945 (inkonstitusional).Pencabutan terhadap ketentuan yang dinyatakan inkonstitusional tidak wajib dilakukan, tetapi mungkin saja terdapat perubahan (penyesuaian) terhadapnya. Misalnya dalam Putusan MK No. 85/PUU-XI/2013  menyatakan bahwa UU 7/2004 bertentangan dengan UUD 1945 dan tidak memiliki kekuatan hukum mengikat. Dalam putusan juga dinyatakan untuk memberlakukan kembali UU 11/1974 (hal. 146).Setelah itu, diterbitkan UU 17/2019 yang tidak menyatakan pencabutan UU 7/2004, melainkan mencabut dan menyatakan tidak berlaku UU 11/1974.[5] Dengan demikian, pembatalan atau pernyataan tidak mempunyai kekuatan hukum mengikat atas suatu undang-undang berdasarkan putusan MK tidak wajib dan tidak selalu diikuti dengan pencabutan dengan undang-undang.Jadi, dapat dipahami bahwa kewenangan pencabutan undang-undang ada pada kewenangan pembentuk undang-undang yaitu DPR dan Presiden. Lain halnya dalam kegentingan yang memaksa, menurut Pasal 22 ayat (1) UUD 1945, Presiden dapat mencabut undang-undang melalui Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang (“Perppu”). Sehingga, suatu Perppu dapat saja mencabut undang-undang. Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. Dasar Hukum:Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945;Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan sebagaimana diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 15 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan yang diubah kedua kalinya dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2022 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan;Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2019 tentang Sumber Daya Air;Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja.Putusan:Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 85/PUU-XI/2013.Referensi:Maria Farida Indrati. Ilmu Perundang-Undangan I: Jenis, Fungsi, dan Materi Muatan, Ed. Revisi. Yogyakarta: PT Kanisius, 2020.[1] Pasal 5 ayat (1) dan Pasal 20 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945[2] Maria Farida Indrati. Ilmu Perundang-Undangan I: Jenis, Fungsi, dan Materi Muatan, Ed. Revisi. Yogyakarta: PT Kanisius, 2020, hal. 31[3] Lampiran Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan, hal. 66[4] Maria Farida Indrati. Ilmu Perundang-Undangan I: Jenis, Fungsi, dan Materi Muatan, Ed. Revisi. Yogyakarta: PT Kanisius, 2020, hal. 19[5] Pasal 76 huruf a Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2019 tentang Sumber Daya AirTagsdprmahkamah konstitusipembentukan undang-undangpengujian undang-undangpresidenundang-undang
Apakah undang-undang bisa dicabut? Jika bisa, siapa yang bisa mencabut undang-undang? Terima kasih.
Singkatnya jika ditanya apakah undang-undang bisa dicabut? Jawabnya, bisa. Lalu, pada kewenangan siapa yang bisa mencabut undang-undang? Kewenangan pencabutan undang-undang ada pada kewenangan pembentukan undang-undang yaitu Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR) bersama dengan Presiden.   Penjelasan lebih lanjut dapat Anda baca ulasan di bawah ini. Perhatikan Ini Sebelum Tanda Tangan Kontrak Kerja20 Mar 2023Cara dan Biaya Mengurus Perceraian Tanpa Pengacara25 Apr 2024Cara Mengurus Akta Cerai yang Hilang19 Mei 2023Perhatikan Ini Sebelum Tanda Tangan Kontrak Kerja20 Mar 2023Cara dan Biaya Mengurus Perceraian Tanpa Pengacara25 Apr 2024Cara Mengurus Akta Cerai yang Hilang19 Mei 2023
https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/siapa-yang-berwenang-mencabut-undang-undang-lt4f8e7835a3286/
Siapa yang Berwenang Mencabut Undang-Undang?
pages/158/page-7.html
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ULASAN LENGKAP -------------- Terima kasih atas pertanyaan Anda. **Artikel di bawah ini adalah pemutakhiran dari artikel dengan judul _Aturan Pencabutan dan Tidak Berlakunya Undang-undang_ yang dibuat oleh** [M.](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/mitra-klinik-hukum-lt4f750cc51c755/m-naufal-fileindi--sh-lt4fc4aa0ad0367) **[](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/mitra-klinik-hukum-lt4f750cc51c755/m-naufal-fileindi--sh-lt4fc4aa0ad0367)[Naufal Fileindi, S.H.](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/mitra/mitra-klinik-hukum-lt4f750cc51c755/m-naufal-fileindi--sh-lt4fc4aa0ad0367) dan pertama kali dipublikasikan pada Selasa, 29 Mei 2012.** Seluruh informasi hukum yang ada di Klinik hukumonline.com disiapkan semata – mata untuk tujuan pendidikan dan bersifat umum (lihat [**Pernyataan Penyangkalan**](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/disclaimer) selengkapnya). Untuk mendapatkan nasihat hukum spesifik terhadap kasus Anda, konsultasikan langsung dengan [**Konsultan Mitra Justika**](https://justika.com/layanan/konsultasi-hukum/pemesanan/isi-detail/?layanan=Konsultasi%20via%20Telepon?utm_source=hukumonline&utm_medium=softselling&utm_campaign=softselling&utm_content=konsultanmitrajustika). ### **Pencabutan Undang-Undang** Menjawab pertanyaan Anda, apakah undang-undang bisa dicabut? Bisa, undang-undang dapat dicabut karena dua sebab, yaitu karena dicabut sendiri oleh suatu undang-undang atau karena putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi (“MK”). Berikut kami jelaskan terlebih dahulu pencabutan undang-undang karena dicabut sendiri oleh undang-undang. Kewenangan pembentukan undang-undang ada pada Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (“DPR”) bersama dengan Presiden. Dalam hal-hal tertentu seperti otonomi daerah, Dewan Perwakilan Daerah (DPD) ikut dalam proses pembahasan undang-undang, tetapi tidak memberikan persetujuan. DPR dan Presiden masing-masing berhak mengajukan, membahas, mengubah, menyetujui, dan/atau menolak suatu rancangan undang-undang.[\[1\]](#_ftn1) DPR dan Presiden merupakan pembentuk undang-undang (_law making power_). Selanjutnya, menjawab pertanyaan tentang siapa yang bisa mencabut undang-undang? Pada dasarnya kewenangan membentuk undang-undang secara otomatis juga melekat kewenangan mencabut undang-undang yang dibentuknya itu. Setiap undang-undang mempunyai norma hukum yang bersifat terus menerus _(dauerhaftig)_. Maksudnya, selama belum diubah, dicabut, atau diganti, norma atau ketentuan di dalam undang-undang akan terus berlaku.[\[2\]](#_ftn2) Pencabutan adalah proses untuk menjadikan suatu peraturan perundang-undangan, dalam hal ini undang-undang, tidak memiliki daya laku dan daya guna lagi sehingga tidak lagi mempunyai kekuatan mengikat secara hukum. Baca juga: **[Tata Cara Pencabutan Undang-Undang](https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/tata-cara-pencabutan-undang-undang-lt542f9da05dba4?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=cabut_uu)** Oleh karenanya, pencabutan harus dilakukan dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang setara atau lebih tinggi.[\[3\]](#_ftn3) Dalam konteks pencabutan undang-undang harus dicabut dengan undang-undang juga. Dengan demikian, DPR bersama Presiden merupakan lembaga negara yang berwenang mencabut undang-undang. Apa akibat hukum jika undang-undang dicabut? Undang-undang yang dicabut itu tidak lagi mempunyai daya laku dan daya guna alias tidak berlaku lagi. Dengan kata lain, pencabutan mengakhiri keberlakuan (_validity_) dari suatu undang-undang dan menjadikannya tidak berlaku. ### **‘Pembatalan’ Undang-Undang oleh MK** Selanjutnya, putusan MK dapat menyatakan suatu undang-undang ‘dicabut’ atau ‘dibatalkan’. Namun pencabutan ini berbeda dengan kewenangan yang diberikan kepada DPR bersama Presiden melalui pembentukan undang-undang. Menurut **Pasal 24C ayat (1) [UUD 1945](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4ca2eb6dd2834/node/lt49c8ba3665987/uud-undang-undang-dasar-1945?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UUD_1945)**, MK berwenang menguji undang-undang terhadap UUD 1945 guna menilai kesesuaiannya dengan UUD 1945. Jika MK memutuskan undang-undang telah bertentangan dengan UUD 1945, undang-undang secara keseluruhan atau bagian tertentu dinyatakan tidak mempunyai kekuatan hukum mengikat. Dalam situasi tersebut, undang-undang atau bagian undang-undang yang bersangkutan hanya memiliki daya laku saja tetapi tidak memiliki daya guna.[\[4\]](#_ftn4) Masih memiliki daya laku karena belum dicabut oleh undang-undang. Tidak memiliki daya guna karena undang-undang itu tidak boleh dipatuhi karena dinyatakan bertentangan dengan UUD 1945 (inkonstitusional). Pencabutan terhadap ketentuan yang dinyatakan inkonstitusional tidak wajib dilakukan, tetapi mungkin saja terdapat perubahan (penyesuaian) terhadapnya. Misalnya dalam [**Putusan MK No. 85/PUU-XI/2013**](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt54ec57bbeb4ea/putusan-mahkamah-konstitusi-nomor-85-puu-xi-2013?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=MK_85_2013)  menyatakan bahwa **[UU 7/2004](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/18262/undangundang-nomor-7-tahun-2004?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_7_2004)** bertentangan dengan UUD 1945 dan tidak memiliki kekuatan hukum mengikat. Dalam putusan juga dinyatakan untuk memberlakukan kembali **[UU 11/1974](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/367/undangundang-nomor-11-tahun-1974?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_11_1974)** (hal. 146). Setelah itu, diterbitkan **[UU 17/2019](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5dae6d0230590/undang-undang-nomor-17-tahun-2019/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_17_2019)** yang tidak menyatakan pencabutan UU 7/2004, melainkan mencabut dan menyatakan tidak berlaku UU 11/1974.[\[5\]](#_ftn5) Dengan demikian, pembatalan atau pernyataan tidak mempunyai kekuatan hukum mengikat atas suatu undang-undang berdasarkan putusan MK tidak wajib dan tidak selalu diikuti dengan pencabutan dengan undang-undang. Jadi, dapat dipahami bahwa kewenangan pencabutan undang-undang ada pada kewenangan pembentuk undang-undang yaitu DPR dan Presiden. Lain halnya dalam kegentingan yang memaksa, menurut **Pasal 22 ayat (1) UUD 1945**, Presiden dapat mencabut undang-undang melalui Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang (“Perppu”). Sehingga, suatu Perppu dapat saja mencabut undang-undang. Demikian jawaban dari kami, semoga bermanfaat. Dasar Hukum: 1. [Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4ca2eb6dd2834/node/lt49c8ba3665987/uud-undang-undang-dasar-1945?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UUD_1945); 2. [Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4e573e59d0487/nprt/lt4d50fbec8b2ce/uu-no-12-tahun-2011-pembentukan-peraturan-perundang-undangan?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_12_2011) sebagaimana diubah dengan [Undang-Undang Nomor 15 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5da039a94937f?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_15_2019) yang diubah kedua kalinya dengan [Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2022 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt62b01b9e7e96e/undang-undang-nomor-13-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_13_2022); 3. [Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2019 tentang Sumber Daya Air](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5dae6d0230590/undang-undang-nomor-17-tahun-2019/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_17_2019); 4. [Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt63b23fc23cfe4/peraturan-pemerintah-pengganti-undang-undang-nomor-2-tahun-2022?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=perppu_2_2022). Putusan: [Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 85/PUU-XI/2013](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt54ec57bbeb4ea/putusan-mahkamah-konstitusi-nomor-85-puu-xi-2013?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=MK_85_2013). Referensi: Maria Farida Indrati. _Ilmu Perundang-Undangan I: Jenis, Fungsi, dan Materi Muatan_, Ed. Revisi. Yogyakarta: PT Kanisius, 2020. * * * [\[1\]](#_ftnref1) Pasal 5 ayat (1) dan Pasal 20 ayat (1) [Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4ca2eb6dd2834/node/lt49c8ba3665987/uud-undang-undang-dasar-1945?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UUD_1945) [\[2\]](#_ftnref2) Maria Farida Indrati. _Ilmu Perundang-Undangan I: Jenis, Fungsi, dan Materi Muatan,_ Ed. Revisi. Yogyakarta: PT Kanisius, 2020, hal. 31 [\[3\]](#_ftnref3) Lampiran [Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt4e573e59d0487/nprt/lt4d50fbec8b2ce/uu-no-12-tahun-2011-pembentukan-peraturan-perundang-undangan?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=UU_12_2011), hal. 66 [\[4\]](#_ftnref4) Maria Farida Indrati. _Ilmu Perundang-Undangan I: Jenis, Fungsi, dan Materi Muatan_, Ed. Revisi. Yogyakarta: PT Kanisius, 2020, hal. 19 [\[5\]](#_ftnref5) Pasal 76 huruf a [Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2019 tentang Sumber Daya Air](https://www.hukumonline.com/pusatdata/detail/lt5dae6d0230590/undang-undang-nomor-17-tahun-2019/document?utm_source=website&utm_medium=internal_link_klinik&utm_campaign=uu_17_2019) Tags ---- [dpr](/tag/dpr) [mahkamah konstitusi](/tag/mahkamah-konstitusi) [pembentukan undang-undang](/tag/pembentukan-undang_undang) [pengujian undang-undang](/tag/pengujian-undang_undang) [presiden](/tag/presiden) [undang-undang](/tag/undang_undang)