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Generate a FGDC (Federal Geographic Data Committee) XML from following description of datarelease:

[Skip to main content](#sb-container-body)  Your browser does not have support for cookies enabled. Some features of this application will not work. processing ... 1. [ScienceBase Catalog](/catalog/item/4f4e4760e4b07f02db47df9c) 2. [USGS Data Release Products](/catalog/item/5474ec49e4b04d7459a7eab2) 3. [Video data files to accompany USGS OFR 2015-1142--Assessment of existing and potential landslide hazards resulting from the April 25, 2015 Gorkha, Nepal earthquake sequence](/catalog/item/55b24f7ee4b09a3b01b5361e) 4. [Video data files to accompany USGS OFR 2015-1142--Assessment of existing and potential landslide hazards resulting from the April 25, 2015 Gorkha, Nepal earthquake sequence: USGS\_Nepal\_05302015-E](/catalog/folder/55e781efe4b0dacf699dd392) View - [Item View](/catalog/item/55e781efe4b0dacf699dd392) - [Folder View](/catalog/folder/55e781efe4b0dacf699dd392) - [JSON](/catalog/item/55e781efe4b0dacf699dd392?format=json) ## Dates Publication Date2015-07-24Start Date2015-05-27End Date2015-06-01 ## Citation Collins, B.D., 2015, Video data files to accompany USGS OFR 2015-1142--Assessment of existing and potential landslide hazards resulting from the April 25, 2015 Gorkha, Nepal earthquake sequence: U.S. Geological Survey Data Release, http://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7X928BN. ## Summary On April 25, 2015, a large ( M7.8) earthquake shook much of central Nepal and was followed by a series of M>6 aftershocks, including a M7.3 event on May 12, 2015. This earthquake and aftershocks, referred to as the Gorkha earthquake sequence, caused thousands of fatalities, damaged and destroyed entire villages, and displaced millions of residents. The earthquakes also triggered thousands of landslides in the exceedingly steep topography of Nepal; these landslides were responsible for hundreds of fatalities, and blocked vital roads and trails to affected villages. With the support of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA), and in collaboration with earthquake-hazard \[...\] ## Summary On April 25, 2015, a large ( M7.8) earthquake shook much of central Nepal and was followed by a series of M>6 aftershocks, including a M7.3 event on May 12, 2015. This earthquake and aftershocks, referred to as the Gorkha earthquake sequence, caused thousands of fatalities, damaged and destroyed entire villages, and displaced millions of residents. The earthquakes also triggered thousands of landslides in the exceedingly steep topography of Nepal; these landslides were responsible for hundreds of fatalities, and blocked vital roads and trails to affected villages. With the support of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA), and in collaboration with earthquake-hazard organizations from both the United States and Nepal, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) responded to this crisis by providing landslide-hazard expertise to Nepalese agencies and affected villages. During these assessments, over 11 hours of helicopter-based video coverage of earthquake-affected areas was collected. A report available on-line provides a report on landslide assessments conducted by the USGS. The video resources contained herein provide high resolution coverage of approximately 1,000 kilometers (km) of river valleys and surrounding terrain affected by the Gorkha earthquake sequence. ## Contacts Point of Contact : [Brian Collins](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=Brian+Collins) Distributor : [U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=U.S.+Geological+Survey+-+ScienceBase) Metadata Contact : [Brian Collins](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=Brian+Collins) Originator : [Brian Collins](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=Brian+Collins) Publisher : [U.S. Geological Survey](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=U.S.+Geological+Survey) ## Attached Files - sorting - [Metadata First](/catalog/item/get/55e781efe4b0dacf699dd392?files.metadataFirst=true\#attached-files-section "Sort files with metadata files first") - [Recent First](/catalog/item/get/55e781efe4b0dacf699dd392?files.sort=dateUploaded&files.order=desc&files.metadataFirst=false\#attached-files-section "Sort files with most recent first") - [Alphabetical](/catalog/item/get/55e781efe4b0dacf699dd392?files.sort=name&files.order=asc&files.metadataFirst=false\#attached-files-section "Sort files alphabetically") Click on title to download individual files attached to this item. | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Metadata\_video\_files\_for\_USGS\_OFR\_2015\_1142.xml<br>_Original FGDC Metadata_ | View | 8.04 KB | application/fgdc+xml | | USGS\_Nepal\_05302015-E.mp4 | | 2.78 GB | video/mp4 | ## Related External Resources Type: Online Link | | | | --- | --- | | Sciencebase catalog parent item | [https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/55b24f7ee4b09a3b01b5361e](https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/55b24f7ee4b09a3b01b5361e "https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/55b24f7ee4b09a3b01b5361e") | Type: browseImage | | | | --- | --- | | Thumbnail image of a clip from the USGS\_Nepal\_05272015-K.mp4 video file at 31 seconds from the beginning of the video. | [https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/55b24f7ee4b09a3b01b5361e?f=\_\_disk\_\_3b%2Ff3%2F59%2F3bf359a3d162ba6a018875c2b127559638199190&allowOpen=true](https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/55b24f7ee4b09a3b01b5361e?f=__disk__3b%2Ff3%2F59%2F3bf359a3d162ba6a018875c2b127559638199190&allowOpen=true "https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/55b24f7ee4b09a3b01b5361e?f=__disk__3b%2Ff3%2F59%2F3bf359a3d162ba6a018875c2b127559638199190&allowOpen=true") | Type: YouTube Video | | | | --- | --- | | USGS\_Nepal\_05302015-E | [https://www.sciencebase.gov/data/videos/youtube.html?id=55b24f7ee4b09a3b01b5361e&videoid=9iL-9eSG\_oE](https://www.sciencebase.gov/data/videos/youtube.html?id=55b24f7ee4b09a3b01b5361e&videoid=9iL-9eSG_oE "https://www.sciencebase.gov/data/videos/youtube.html?id=55b24f7ee4b09a3b01b5361e&videoid=9iL-9eSG_oE") | ## Purpose Video data was collected to record earthquake-affected river valleys and surrounding terrain from the April 25, 2015 Gorkha, Nepal earthquake sequence. ## Preview Image  Thumbnail image of a clip from the USGS\_Nepal\_05272015-K.mp4 video file at 31 seconds from the beginning of the video. ## [Map](/catalog/item/imap/55e781efe4b0dacf699dd392) [](/catalog/item/imap/55e781efe4b0dacf699dd392) ## Spatial Services ScienceBase WMS ## Communities - USGS Data Release Products ## Tags Theme - [Nepal](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3DNepal "Nepal (Nepal, Theme, USGS Thesaurus)") - [earthquake](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3Dearthquake "earthquake (earthquake, Theme, USGS Thesaurus)") - [helicopter](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3Dhelicopter "helicopter (helicopter, Theme, USGS Thesaurus)") - [landslide](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3Dlandslide "landslide (landslide, Theme, USGS Thesaurus)") - [video](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3Dvideo "video (video, Theme, USGS Thesaurus)") Place - [Gorkha](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3DGorkha "Gorkha (Gorkha, Place, Geographic Names Information System)") - [Kathmandu](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3DKathmandu "Kathmandu (Kathmandu, Place, Geographic Names Information System)") - [Nepal](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3DNepal "Nepal (Nepal, Place, Geographic Names Information System)") Types - [Map Service](/catalog/items?q=&filter=browseType%3DMap+Service "Map Service") - [OGC WFS Layer](/catalog/items?q=&filter=browseType%3DOGC+WFS+Layer "OGC WFS Layer") - [OGC WMS Layer](/catalog/items?q=&filter=browseType%3DOGC+WMS+Layer "OGC WMS Layer") - [OGC WMS Service](/catalog/items?q=&filter=browseType%3DOGC+WMS+Service "OGC WMS Service") ## Provenance ## Item Actions ### View Item as ... [JSON](/catalog/item/55e781efe4b0dacf699dd392?format=json) [ATOM](/catalog/item/55e781efe4b0dacf699dd392?format=atom) [ISO XML](/catalog/item/55e781efe4b0dacf699dd392?format=isohtml) ### Save Item as ... [JSON](/catalog/item/download/55e781efe4b0dacf699dd392?format=json) [FGDC](/catalog/item/download/55e781efe4b0dacf699dd392?format=fgdc) [MODS XML](/catalog/item/download/55e781efe4b0dacf699dd392?format=modsxml) [ISO XML](/catalog/item/download/55e781efe4b0dacf699dd392?format=iso) ### View Item... [Metrics](/catalog/item/metrics/55e781efe4b0dacf699dd392) ScienceBase-CatalogApp Version: 2.190.4 \| [Report a Problem](/catalog/issueCollector "Report ScienceBase Issue") \| [For General Contact/Questions](mailto:[email protected] "For General Contact/Questions") Build Version: 2.184.0-630-gc5d79ac-0 (2024-08-29 17:07)

b'<metadata>\n <idinfo>\n <citation>\n <citeinfo>\n <origin>Brian Collins</origin>\n <pubdate>20150724</pubdate>\n <title>Video data files to accompany USGS OFR 2015-1142--Assessment of existing and potential landslide hazards resulting from the April 25, 2015 Gorkha, Nepal earthquake sequence</title>\n <geoform>.mp4 and .kmz</geoform>\n <pubinfo>\n <pubplace>ScienceBase</pubplace>\n <publish>U.S. Geological Survey</publish>\n </pubinfo>\n <onlink>http://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7X928BN</onlink>\n <onlink>https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/55b24f7ee4b09a3b01b5361e</onlink>\n </citeinfo>\n </citation>\n <descript>\n <abstract>On April 25, 2015, a large ( M7.8) earthquake shook much of central Nepal and was followed by a series of M&gt;6 aftershocks, including a M7.3 event on May 12, 2015. This earthquake and aftershocks, referred to as the Gorkha earthquake sequence, caused thousands of fatalities, damaged and destroyed entire villages, and displaced millions of residents. The earthquakes also triggered thousands of landslides in the exceedingly steep topography of Nepal; these landslides were responsible for hundreds of fatalities, and blocked vital roads and trails to affected villages. With the support of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA), and in collaboration with earthquake-hazard organizations from both the United States and Nepal, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) responded to this crisis by providing landslide-hazard expertise to Nepalese agencies and affected villages. During these assessments, over 11 hours of helicopter-based video coverage of earthquake-affected areas was collected. A report available on-line provides a report on landslide assessments conducted by the USGS. The video resources contained herein provide high resolution coverage of approximately 1,000 kilometers (km) of river valleys and surrounding terrain affected by the Gorkha earthquake sequence.</abstract>\n <purpose>Video data was collected to record earthquake-affected river valleys and surrounding terrain from the April 25, 2015 Gorkha, Nepal earthquake sequence.</purpose>\n <supplinf>This data accompanies U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 2015-1142. The appendix of this report provides additional information on the video files.</supplinf>\n </descript>\n <timeperd>\n <timeinfo>\n <rngdates>\n <begdate>20150527</begdate>\n <enddate>20150601</enddate>\n </rngdates>\n </timeinfo>\n <current>ground condition</current>\n </timeperd>\n <status>\n <progress>Complete</progress>\n <update>not planned</update>\n </status>\n <spdom>\n <bounding>\n <westbc>83.322502852018</westbc>\n <eastbc>86.8205499951</eastbc>\n <northbc>29.293696635832</northbc>\n <southbc>27.242534198561</southbc>\n </bounding>\n <descgeog>Central Nepal</descgeog>\n </spdom>\n <keywords>\n <theme>\n <themekt>USGS Thesaurus</themekt>\n <themekey>Nepal</themekey>\n <themekey>earthquake</themekey>\n <themekey>landslide</themekey>\n <themekey>helicopter</themekey>\n <themekey>video</themekey>\n </theme>\n <theme>\n <themekt>USGS Metadata Identifier</themekt>\n <themekey>USGS:55e781efe4b0dacf699dd392</themekey>\n </theme>\n <place>\n <placekt>Geographic Names Information System</placekt>\n <placekey>Nepal</placekey>\n <placekey>Gorkha</placekey>\n <placekey>Kathmandu</placekey>\n </place>\n </keywords>\n <accconst>none</accconst>\n <useconst>none</useconst>\n <ptcontac>\n <cntinfo>\n <cntperp>\n <cntper>Brian Collins</cntper>\n <cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey</cntorg>\n </cntperp>\n <cntaddr>\n <addrtype>Mailing</addrtype>\n <address>345 Middlefield Road, MS973</address>\n <city>Menlo Park</city>\n <state>CA</state>\n <postal>94025</postal>\n <country>USA</country>\n </cntaddr>\n <cntvoice>650-329-5466</cntvoice>\n <cntemail>[email protected]</cntemail>\n </cntinfo>\n </ptcontac>\n <browse>\n <browsen>https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/55b24f7ee4b09a3b01b5361e?f=__disk__3b%2Ff3%2F59%2F3bf359a3d162ba6a018875c2b127559638199190&amp;allowOpen=true</browsen>\n <browsed>Thumbnail image of a clip from the USGS_Nepal_05272015-K.mp4 video file at 31 seconds from the beginning of the video.</browsed>\n <browset>PNG</browset>\n </browse>\n <datacred>U.S. Department of State, USAID Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance</datacred>\n </idinfo>\n <dataqual>\n <attracc>\n <attraccr>No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted</attraccr>\n </attracc>\n <logic>Start and end of video files were checked for consistency with geographic locations in KMZ files.</logic>\n <complete>Data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.</complete>\n <posacc>\n <horizpa>\n <horizpar>No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted</horizpar>\n </horizpa>\n </posacc>\n <lineage>\n <procstep>\n <procdesc>Video files were organized by date and titled accordingly.</procdesc>\n <procdate>2015</procdate>\n </procstep>\n </lineage>\n <cloud>0</cloud>\n </dataqual>\n <spdoinfo>\n <indspref>See KMZ file that accompanies the video files.</indspref>\n <direct>Raster</direct>\n </spdoinfo>\n <eainfo>\n <overview>\n <eaover>Video data</eaover>\n <eadetcit>https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/55b24f7ee4b09a3b01b5361e</eadetcit>\n </overview>\n </eainfo>\n <distinfo>\n <distrib>\n <cntinfo>\n <cntorgp>\n <cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase</cntorg>\n </cntorgp>\n <cntaddr>\n <addrtype>mailing and physical</addrtype>\n <address>Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302</address>\n <city>Denver</city>\n <state>CO</state>\n <postal>80225</postal>\n <country>United States</country>\n </cntaddr>\n <cntvoice>1-888-275-8747</cntvoice>\n <cntemail>[email protected]</cntemail>\n </cntinfo>\n </distrib>\n <distliab>This database has been approved for release and publication by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Although this database has been subjected to rigorous review and is substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, it is released on condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government shall be held liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use.</distliab>\n <stdorder>\n <digform>\n <digtinfo>\n <formname>Digital Geospatial Datasets</formname>\n </digtinfo>\n <digtopt>\n <onlinopt>\n <computer>\n <networka>\n <networkr>http://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7X928BN</networkr>\n </networka>\n </computer>\n </onlinopt>\n </digtopt>\n </digform>\n <fees>None. No fees are applicable for obtaining the data set.</fees>\n </stdorder>\n </distinfo>\n <metainfo>\n <metd>20200818</metd>\n <metc>\n <cntinfo>\n <cntperp>\n <cntper>Brian Collins</cntper>\n <cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey</cntorg>\n </cntperp>\n <cntaddr>\n <addrtype>mailing and physical</addrtype>\n <address>345 Middlefield Road, MS973</address>\n <city>Menlo Park</city>\n <state>CA</state>\n <postal>94025</postal>\n <country>USA</country>\n </cntaddr>\n <cntvoice>650-329-5466</cntvoice>\n <cntemail>[email protected]</cntemail>\n </cntinfo>\n </metc>\n <metstdn>FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata</metstdn>\n <metstdv>FGDC-STD-001-1998</metstdv>\n </metainfo>\n</metadata>'

Generate a FGDC (Federal Geographic Data Committee) XML from following description of datarelease:

[Skip to main content](#sb-container-body)  Your browser does not have support for cookies enabled. Some features of this application will not work. processing ... 1. [ScienceBase Catalog](/catalog/item/4f4e4760e4b07f02db47df9c) 2. [USGS Data Release Products](/catalog/item/5474ec49e4b04d7459a7eab2) 3. [Oxide and Cation Compositions of Pyroxene Grains from Drill Core of the Duluth Complex, Minnesota](/catalog/folder/59dcd057e4b05fe04ccbd536) View - [Item View](/catalog/item/59dcd057e4b05fe04ccbd536) - [Folder View](/catalog/folder/59dcd057e4b05fe04ccbd536) - [JSON](/catalog/item/59dcd057e4b05fe04ccbd536?format=json) ## Dates Publication Date2017-12-18Time Period2014-04-23Time Period2014-04-24Time Period2014-04-25Time Period2015-03-03Time Period2015-03-04Time Period2017-07-10Time Period2017-07-11 ## Citation Schulte, R.F., Seal, R.R., Piatak, N.M., and Woodruff, L.G., 2017, Oxide and cation compositions of pyroxene grains from drill core of the Duluth Complex, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F73N21XC. ## Summary The table contains oxide and cation compositions of pyroxene grains from drill core in the Duluth Complex. The oxides were determined by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and are reported in weight percent (we%). The cations were calculated from the oxide concentrations and are reported in mole percent (mol%). Pyroxene minerals are a group of rock-forming inosilicate minerals with calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and magnesium (Mg) endmembers. Wollastonite (Wo) is the Ca-endmember with the formula Ca2Si2O6. Ferrosilite (Fs) is the Fe-endmember with the formula Fe2Si2O6, and enstatite (En) is the Mg-endmember with the formula Mg2Si2O6. In order to better understand the chemical compositions of the pyroxenes, the percent of Wo, Fs, and En \[...\] ## Summary The table contains oxide and cation compositions of pyroxene grains from drill core in the Duluth Complex. The oxides were determined by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and are reported in weight percent (we%). The cations were calculated from the oxide concentrations and are reported in mole percent (mol%). Pyroxene minerals are a group of rock-forming inosilicate minerals with calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and magnesium (Mg) endmembers. Wollastonite (Wo) is the Ca-endmember with the formula Ca2Si2O6. Ferrosilite (Fs) is the Fe-endmember with the formula Fe2Si2O6, and enstatite (En) is the Mg-endmember with the formula Mg2Si2O6. In order to better understand the chemical compositions of the pyroxenes, the percent of Wo, Fs, and En were also determined using the cation compositions Ca, Fe, and Mg. ## Contacts Point of Contact : [Nadine Piatak](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=Nadine+Piatak) Originator : [Ruth F. Schulte](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=Ruth+F.+Schulte), [Robert R. Seal, II](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=Robert+R.+Seal%2C+II), [Nadine M. Piatak](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=Nadine+M.+Piatak), [Laurel G. Woodruff](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=Laurel+G.+Woodruff) Metadata Contact : [Peter N Schweitzer](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=Peter+N+Schweitzer) Publisher : [U.S. Geological Survey](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=U.S.+Geological+Survey) Distributor : [GS ScienceBase](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=GS+ScienceBase) USGS Mission Area : [Energy and Minerals](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=Energy+and+Minerals) SDC Data Owner : [Mineral Resources Program](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=17162) ## Attached Files - sorting - [Metadata First](/catalog/item/get/59dcd057e4b05fe04ccbd536?files.metadataFirst=true\#attached-files-section "Sort files with metadata files first") - [Recent First](/catalog/item/get/59dcd057e4b05fe04ccbd536?files.sort=dateUploaded&files.order=desc&files.metadataFirst=false\#attached-files-section "Sort files with most recent first") - [Alphabetical](/catalog/item/get/59dcd057e4b05fe04ccbd536?files.sort=name&files.order=asc&files.metadataFirst=false\#attached-files-section "Sort files alphabetically") Click on title to download individual files attached to this item or download all files listed below as a compressed file. | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Oxide and Cation Compositions of Pyroxene Grains from Drill Core of the Duluth Complex, Minnesota.xml<br>_Original FGDC Metadata_ | View | 32.85 KB | application/fgdc+xml | | Pyroxene Compositions.csv<br>“Pyroxene Compositions” | | 63.32 KB | text/csv | ## Purpose Data were collected in order to determine the chemical composition of pyroxene grains found in drill cores from the Duluth Complex. ## [Map](/catalog/item/imap/59dcd057e4b05fe04ccbd536) [](/catalog/item/imap/59dcd057e4b05fe04ccbd536) ## Communities - USGS Data Release Products ## Associated Items - _related to_ [Oxide and Cation Compositions of Olivine Grains from Drill Core in the Duluth Complex, Minnesota](/catalog/item/59dcd0e3e4b05fe04ccbd53d "Compositions of olivine grains from drill core of the Duluth Complex, Minnesota") - _related_ [Oxide and Cation Compositions of Olivine Grains from Drill Core in the Duluth Complex, Minnesota](/catalog/item/59dcd0e3e4b05fe04ccbd53d "Compositions of pyroxene grains from drill core of the Duluth Complex, Minnesota") - _related_ [Oxide and Cation Compositions of Feldspar Grains from Drill Core of the Duluth Complex, Minnesota](/catalog/item/59dcd1a3e4b05fe04ccbd549 "Compositions of pyroxene grains from drill core of the Duluth Complex, Minnesota") - _related_ [Major, Minor, and Trace Element Compositions of Bulk Drill Core Samples from the Duluth Complex, Minnesota](/catalog/item/59dcd146e4b05fe04ccbd543 "Compositions of pyroxene grains from drill core of the Duluth Complex, Minnesota") - [View Associated Items](/catalog/itemLinks?itemId=59dcd057e4b05fe04ccbd536) ## Tags Categories - [Data](/catalog/items?q=&filter=browseCategory%3DData "Data") Theme - [electron microscopy](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3Delectron+microscopy "electron microscopy (electron microscopy, Theme, USGS Thesaurus)") - [mineralogy](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3Dmineralogy "mineralogy (mineralogy, Theme, USGS Thesaurus)") Place - [Cook County](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3DCook+County "Cook County (Cook County, Place, Geographic Names Information System (GNIS))") - [Duluth](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3DDuluth "Duluth (Duluth, Place, Geographic Names Information System (GNIS))") - [Lake County](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3DLake+County "Lake County (Lake County, Place, Geographic Names Information System (GNIS))") - [Minnesota](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3DMinnesota "Minnesota (Minnesota, Place, Geographic Names Information System (GNIS))") - [St. Louis County](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3DSt.+Louis+County "St. Louis County (St. Louis County, Place, Geographic Names Information System (GNIS))") Harvest Set - [USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC)](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3DUSGS+Science+Data+Catalog+%28SDC%29 "USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC) (USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Harvest Set, )") USGS Scientific Topic Keyword - [Environmental Health](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3DEnvironmental+Health "Environmental Health (Environmental Health, USGS Scientific Topic Keyword, )") - [Geochemistry](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3DGeochemistry "Geochemistry (Geochemistry, USGS Scientific Topic Keyword, )") - [Mineralogy](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3DMineralogy "Mineralogy (Mineralogy, USGS Scientific Topic Keyword, )") Types - [Citation](/catalog/items?q=&filter=browseType%3DCitation "Citation") ## Provenance ## Additional Information ### Identifiers | Type | Scheme | Key | | --- | --- | --- | | DOI | https://www.sciencebase.gov/vocab/category/item/identifier | doi:10.5066/F73N21XC | ## Item Actions ### View Item as ... 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b'<metadata>\n <idinfo>\n <citation>\n <citeinfo>\n <origin>Ruth F. Schulte</origin>\n <origin>Robert R. Seal, II</origin>\n <origin>Nadine M. Piatak</origin>\n <origin>Laurel G. Woodruff</origin>\n <pubdate>2017</pubdate>\n <title>Oxide and Cation Compositions of Pyroxene Grains from Drill Core of the Duluth Complex, Minnesota</title>\n <geoform>tabular data</geoform>\n <pubinfo>\n <pubplace>Reston, VA</pubplace>\n <publish>U.S. Geological Survey</publish>\n </pubinfo>\n <onlink>https://doi.org/10.5066/F73N21XC</onlink>\n <lworkcit>\n <citeinfo>\n <origin>Ruth F. Schulte</origin>\n <origin>Nadine M. Piatak</origin>\n <origin>Robert R. Seal, II</origin>\n <origin>Laurel G. Woodruff</origin>\n <pubdate>2017</pubdate>\n <title>Acid-Generating and Acid-Neutralizing Potential of Silicate Rocks from the Basal Mineralized Zones of the Duluth Complex, Minnesota</title>\n <geoform>scientific report</geoform>\n <pubinfo>\n <pubplace>Heidelberg, Germany</pubplace>\n <publish>Springer Verlag</publish>\n </pubinfo>\n </citeinfo>\n </lworkcit>\n </citeinfo>\n </citation>\n <descript>\n <abstract>The table contains oxide and cation compositions of pyroxene grains from drill core in the Duluth Complex. The oxides were determined by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and are reported in weight percent (we%). The cations were calculated from the oxide concentrations and are reported in mole percent (mol%). Pyroxene minerals are a group of rock-forming inosilicate minerals with calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and magnesium (Mg) endmembers. Wollastonite (Wo) is the Ca-endmember with the formula Ca2Si2O6. Ferrosilite (Fs) is the Fe-endmember with the formula Fe2Si2O6, and enstatite (En) is the Mg-endmember with the formula Mg2Si2O6. In order to better understand the chemical compositions of the pyroxenes, the percent of Wo, Fs, and En were also determined using the cation compositions Ca, Fe, and Mg.</abstract>\n <purpose>Data were collected in order to determine the chemical composition of pyroxene grains found in drill cores from the Duluth Complex.</purpose>\n </descript>\n <timeperd>\n <timeinfo>\n <mdattim>\n <sngdate>\n <caldate>20140423</caldate>\n </sngdate>\n <sngdate>\n <caldate>20140424</caldate>\n </sngdate>\n <sngdate>\n <caldate>20140425</caldate>\n </sngdate>\n <sngdate>\n <caldate>20150303</caldate>\n </sngdate>\n <sngdate>\n <caldate>20150304</caldate>\n </sngdate>\n <sngdate>\n <caldate>20170710</caldate>\n </sngdate>\n <sngdate>\n <caldate>20170711</caldate>\n </sngdate>\n </mdattim>\n </timeinfo>\n <current>ground condition</current>\n </timeperd>\n <status>\n <progress>Complete</progress>\n <update>None planned</update>\n </status>\n <spdom>\n <bounding>\n <westbc>-92.936096188011</westbc>\n <eastbc>-89.81597900064</eastbc>\n <northbc>48.202710287247</northbc>\n <southbc>46.50595444409</southbc>\n </bounding>\n </spdom>\n <keywords>\n <theme>\n <themekt>USGS Thesaurus</themekt>\n <themekey>mineralogy</themekey>\n <themekey>electron microscopy</themekey>\n </theme>\n <theme>\n <themekt>USGS Metadata Identifier</themekt>\n <themekey>USGS:59dcd057e4b05fe04ccbd536</themekey>\n </theme>\n <place>\n <placekt>Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)</placekt>\n <placekey>Minnesota</placekey>\n <placekey>Lake County</placekey>\n <placekey>St. Louis County</placekey>\n <placekey>Cook County</placekey>\n <placekey>Duluth</placekey>\n </place>\n <temporal>\n <tempkt>USGS Thesaurus: Time Periods</tempkt>\n <tempkey>Middle Proterozoic</tempkey>\n </temporal>\n </keywords>\n <accconst>none</accconst>\n <useconst>The USGS shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data retrieved from the system.</useconst>\n <ptcontac>\n <cntinfo>\n <cntperp>\n <cntper>Nadine Piatak</cntper>\n <cntorg>Midwest Region</cntorg>\n </cntperp>\n <cntaddr>\n <addrtype>mailing and physical</addrtype>\n <address>Mail Stop 954, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr</address>\n <city>Reston</city>\n <state>VA</state>\n <postal>20192</postal>\n <country>United States</country>\n </cntaddr>\n <cntvoice>703-648-6254</cntvoice>\n <cntemail>[email protected]</cntemail>\n </cntinfo>\n </ptcontac>\n </idinfo>\n <dataqual>\n <attracc>\n <attraccr>A ZAF correction was applied to the analyses using the electron microprobe software. Standard reference materials used to calculate the instrument for quantitative analysis include natural and synthetic oxides. In general, precision for microprobe analyses is \xc2\xb1 1% of the amount present or better for major and minor elements. Detection limits (in weight percent oxide) for pyroxene are 0.025 for Al2O3, 0.036 for MnO, 0.075 for SiO2, 0.077 for FeO, 0.028 for CaO, 0.020 for Na2O, 0.037 for Cr2O3, 0.041 for MgO, 0.066 for NiO, 0.0193 for K2O, and 0.042 for TiO2.</attraccr>\n </attracc>\n <logic>The values fall within the expected ranges for pyroxene grains. Data points that were not consistent with pyroxene chemical composition were removed from the dataset and notes were added to the original spreadsheet as to the correct mineralogy and reason for omission. The rest of the data was checked for duplication and omission.</logic>\n <complete>Data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.</complete>\n <posacc>\n <horizpa>\n <horizpar>No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted</horizpar>\n </horizpa>\n <vertacc>\n <vertaccr>No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted</vertaccr>\n </vertacc>\n </posacc>\n <lineage>\n <procstep>\n <procdesc>Drill core samples were collected from the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Drill Core Library in Hibbing, Minnesota, in June 2013.</procdesc>\n <procdate>2013</procdate>\n </procstep>\n <procstep>\n <procdesc>Slices of rock samples were sent to Wagner Petrographic to be made into double polished thin sections (standard size) for microprobe analysis. Thin sections were impregnated with clear epoxy where necessary. The samples were not covered with glass slides.</procdesc>\n <procdate>2013</procdate>\n </procstep>\n <procstep>\n <procdesc>Thin sections were returned to the USGS and then examined with petrographic microscope to identify the and evaluate the pyroxene grains for analysis by the electron probe microanalyzer.</procdesc>\n <procdate>2014</procdate>\n </procstep>\n <procstep>\n <procdesc>Polished thin section were carbon coated in order to be analyzed in the electron probe microanalyzer at the U.S. Geological Survey laboratories in Reston, Virginia.</procdesc>\n <procdate>2017</procdate>\n </procstep>\n <procstep>\n <procdesc>An analytical package was created to measure major, minor, and trace elements in pyroxene grains. Standard reference materials were selected based on the documented reliability for measuring pyroxene grains. Selected thin sections were then analysed using electron microprobe. Analyses started in April 2014 and ended in July 2017.</procdesc>\n <procdate>2017</procdate>\n </procstep>\n <procstep>\n <procdesc>Data was downloaded from the electron microprobe and reviewed using Microsoft Excel software.</procdesc>\n <procdate>2017</procdate>\n </procstep>\n <procstep>\n <procdesc>Values below detection were identified as below detection (b.d.). The Fe2O3 concentrations were calculated from the FeO concentrations assuming FeO is FeO (total), such that Fe3+ can be calculated based on stoichiometry and charge balance. Cation proportions were calculated from the reported oxides based on the molecular weight of the oxide and the number of cation present in the mineral formula. The number of oxygen anions in each oxide was determined based on the molecular weight of the oxide and the number of anions present in the mineral formula. The sum of the anions was corrected by a factor of six based on the assumption that six oxygen anions are present in the pyroxene formula. The cations were then calculated based on the oxygen factor.</procdesc>\n <procdate>2017</procdate>\n </procstep>\n <procstep>\n <procdesc>Using the sum of magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), and calcium (Ca) cations, the percent enstatite (En), ferrosilite (Fs) and wollastonite (Wo) were determined.</procdesc>\n <procdate>2017</procdate>\n </procstep>\n </lineage>\n </dataqual>\n <spref>\n <vertdef>\n <depthsys>\n <depthdn>Depth below surface</depthdn>\n <depthres>1.0</depthres>\n <depthdu>feet</depthdu>\n <depthem>Attribute values</depthem>\n </depthsys>\n </vertdef>\n </spref>\n <eainfo>\n <detailed>\n <enttyp>\n <enttypl>Pyroxene Compositions</enttypl>\n <enttypd>Oxide and cation compositions of pyroxene grains from drill core of the Duluth Complex</enttypd>\n <enttypds>Multiple sources, including mining companies and producer defined. Values produced by electron microprobe analysis.</enttypds>\n </enttyp>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Sample</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>The identification of a sample by drill core ID and depth of occurrence.</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Defined by companies that obtained the drill core.</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <udom>The first numeric value or text and numeric value correlates to the drill core ID. There is a space that follows the drill core ID. The second numeric value corresponds to the depth (in feet) at which the sample was taken. The value 26075 represents drill core from the NorthMet deposit. B1-95 is a drill core from the Mesaba deposit; 10089 and 10107 correlate to drill core from the Local Boy deposit.</udom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Comment</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>A textual description of the type of point selected on the thin section to be analyzed by the electron probe microanalyzer.</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <udom>Comments refer to the type of point analyzed by the electron microprobe. For traverses across pyroxene grains, each point was identified as a traverse followed by an underscore and then the number associated with the point along the traverse. Generally, ten points were taken along each traverse to determine if zoning was present. An additional 10 to 25 points were selected at random to get an average representative mineral composition and assess homogeneity of mineral composition within the sample. Some of these points are identified as cpx_#; the rest of the points were given a number. Gaps in a numerical sequence are due to an error in the position that the microprobe took the data or are associated with a different mineral (such as olivine, feldspar, mica, or amphibole).</udom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>SiO2 (wt%)</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>The concentration of silicon dioxide (SiO2) measured by the electron microprobe. Concentration values are reported in weight percent (wt%).</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0.075</rdommin>\n <rdommax>80.000</rdommax>\n <attrunit>weight percent (wt%)</attrunit>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>TiO2 (wt%)</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>The concentration of titanium dioxide (TiO2) measured by the electron microprobe. Concentration values are reported in weight percent (wt%).</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0.040</rdommin>\n <rdommax>5.000</rdommax>\n <attrunit>weight percent (wt%)</attrunit>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Al2O3 (wt%)</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>The concentration of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) measured by the electron microprobe. Concentration values are reported in weight percent (wt%).</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0.040</rdommin>\n <rdommax>10.000</rdommax>\n <attrunit>weight percent (wt%)</attrunit>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Cr2O3 (wt%)</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>The concentration of chromium oxide (Cr2O3) measured by the electron microprobe. Concentration values are reported in weight percent (wt%).</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0.040</rdommin>\n <rdommax>10.000</rdommax>\n <attrunit>weight percent (wt%)</attrunit>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n <attrdomv>\n <udom>The abbreviation b.d. means the measurement was below the detection limit of the electron microprobe.</udom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Fe2O3 (wt%)</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>The concentration of iron (III) oxide (Fe2O3) calculated from the concentration of iron (II) oxide (FeO) determined by the electron microprobe, assuming FeO is FeO total. Concentration values are reported in weight percent (wt%).</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0.065</rdommin>\n <rdommax>10.000</rdommax>\n <attrunit>weight percent (wt%)</attrunit>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>FeO (wt%)</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>The concentration of iron (II) oxide (FeO) measured by the electron microprobe. Concentration values are reported in weight percent (wt%).</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0.065</rdommin>\n <rdommax>50.000</rdommax>\n <attrunit>weight percent (wt%)</attrunit>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>MnO (wt%)</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>The concentration of manganese oxide (MnO) measured by the electron microprobe. Concentration values are reported in weight percent (wt%).</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0.030</rdommin>\n <rdommax>10.000</rdommax>\n <attrunit>weight percent (wt%)</attrunit>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>MgO (wt%)</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>The concentration of magnesium oxide (MgO) measured by the electron microprobe. Concentration values are reported in weight percent (wt%).</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0.040</rdommin>\n <rdommax>50.000</rdommax>\n <attrunit>weight percent (wt%)</attrunit>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>CaO (wt%)</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>The concentration of calcium oxide (CaO) measured by the electron microprobe. Concentration values are reported in weight percent (wt%).</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0.030</rdommin>\n <rdommax>50.000</rdommax>\n <attrunit>weight percent (wt%)</attrunit>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n <attrdomv>\n <udom>The abbreviation b.d. means the measurement was below the detection limit of the electron microprobe.</udom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Na2O (wt%)</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>The concentration of sodium oxide (Na2O) measured by the electron microprobe. Concentration values are reported in weight percent (wt%).</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0.030</rdommin>\n <rdommax>2.000</rdommax>\n <attrunit>weight percent (wt%)</attrunit>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n <attrdomv>\n <udom>The abbreviation b.d. means the measurement was below the detection limit of the electron microprobe.</udom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>K2O (wt%)</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>The concentration of potassium oxide (K2O) measured by the electron microprobe. Concentration values are reported in weight percent (wt%).</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0.025</rdommin>\n <rdommax>2.000</rdommax>\n <attrunit>weight percent (wt%)</attrunit>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n <attrdomv>\n <udom>The abbreviation b.d. means the measurement was below the detection limit of the electron microprobe.</udom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>NiO (wt%)</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>The concentration of nickel oxide (NiO) measured by the electron microprobe. Concentration values are reported in weight percent (wt%).</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0.035</rdommin>\n <rdommax>2.000</rdommax>\n <attrunit>weight percent (wt%)</attrunit>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n <attrdomv>\n <udom>The abbreviation b.d. means the measurement was below the detection limit of the electron microprobe.</udom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Total (wt%)</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>The total oxide concentrations measured by the electron microprobe. Concentrations are reported in weight percent (wt%).</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>97</rdommin>\n <rdommax>103</rdommax>\n <attrunit>weight percent (wt%)</attrunit>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Si (mol%)</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>The calculated mole percent (mol%) of silicon (Si) based on the concentration data obtained by electron probe microanalysis.</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>2.00</rdommax>\n <attrunit>mole percent (mol%)</attrunit>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Ti (mol%)</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>The calculated mole percent (mol%) of titanium (Ti) based on the concentration data obtained by electron probe microanalysis.</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>1.00</rdommax>\n <attrunit>mole percent (mol%)</attrunit>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Al (mol%)</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>The calculated mole percent (mol%) of aluminum (Al) based on the concentration data obtained by electron probe microanalysis.</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>1.00</rdommax>\n <attrunit>mole percent (mol%)</attrunit>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Cr (mol%)</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>The calculated mole percent (mol%) of chromium (Cr) based on the concentration data obtained by electron probe microanalysis.</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>1.00</rdommax>\n <attrunit>mole percent (mol%)</attrunit>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n <attrdomv>\n <udom>The abbreviation b.d. means the oxide measurement was below the detection limit of the electron microprobe.</udom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Fe3+ (mol%)</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>The calculated mole percent (mol%) of iron (III) (Fe3+) based on the concentration data obtained by electron probe microanalysis.</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>2.00</rdommax>\n <attrunit>mole percent (mol%)</attrunit>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Fe2+ (mol%)</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>The calculated mole percent (mol%) of iron (II) (Fe2+) based on the concentration data obtained by electron probe microanalysis.</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>2.00</rdommax>\n <attrunit>mole percent (mol%)</attrunit>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Mn (mol%)</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>The calculated mole percent (mol%) of manganese (Mn) based on the concentration data obtained by electron probe microanalysis.</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>1.00</rdommax>\n <attrunit>mole percent (mol%)</attrunit>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Mg (mol%)</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>The calculated mole percent (mol%) of magnesium (Mg) based on the concentration data obtained by electron probe microanalysis.</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>2.00</rdommax>\n <attrunit>mole percent (mol%)</attrunit>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Ca (mol%)</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>The calculated mole percent (mol%) of calcium (Ca) based on the concentration data obtained by electron probe microanalysis.</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>1.00</rdommax>\n <attrunit>mole percent (mol%)</attrunit>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Na (mol%)</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>The calculated mole percent (mol%) of sodium (Na) based on the concentration data obtained by electron probe microanalysis.</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>1.00</rdommax>\n <attrunit>mole percent (mol%)</attrunit>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n <attrdomv>\n <udom>The abbreviation b.d. means the oxide measurement was below the detection limit of the electron microprobe.</udom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>K (mol%)</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>The calculated mole percent (mol%) of potassium (K) based on the concentration data obtained by electron probe microanalysis.</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>1.00</rdommax>\n <attrunit>mole percent (mol%)</attrunit>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n <attrdomv>\n <udom>The abbreviation b.d. means the oxide measurement was below the detection limit of the electron microprobe.</udom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Ni (mol%)</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>The calculated mole percent (mol%) of nickel (Ni) based on the concentration data obtained by electron probe microanalysis.</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>1.00</rdommax>\n <attrunit>mole percent (mol%)</attrunit>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n <attrdomv>\n <udom>The abbreviation b.d. means the oxide measurement was below the detection limit of the electron microprobe.</udom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Si +Ti (T)</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>The sum of silicon (Si) and titanium (Ti) in mole percent (mol%) that occupy the tetrahedral (T) site in the pyroxene chemical formula.</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>2.00</rdommax>\n <attrunit>mole percent (mol%)</attrunit>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Al (T)</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>The contribution of aluminum (Al) cation to the tetrahedral (T) site in the pyroxene chemical formula.</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>1.00</rdommax>\n <attrunit>mole percent (mol%)</attrunit>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>T site total</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>The total cations present in the tetrahedral (T) site of the pyroxene chemical formula.</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>1.00</rdommin>\n <rdommax>2.00</rdommax>\n <attrunit>mole percent (mol%)</attrunit>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Al (M2)</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>The contribution of the aluminum (Al) cation to the cubic (M2) site in the pyroxene chemical formula. The M2 site can be coordinated with 6 to 8 oxygen atoms, depending on the cation size.</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>1.00</rdommax>\n <attrunit>mole percent (mol%)</attrunit>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Fe3+Cr+Fe2+Mn (M2)</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>The contribution of the iron III (Fe3), chromium (Cr), iron II (Fe2), and manganese cations to the cubic (M2) site in the pyroxene chemical formula. The M2 site can be coordinated with 6 to 8 oxygen atoms, depending on the cation size.</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>1.00</rdommax>\n <attrunit>mole percent (mol%)</attrunit>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Mg (M2)</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>The contribution of the magnesium (Mg) cation to the cubic (M2) site in the pyroxene chemical formula. The M2 site can be coordinated with 6 to 8 oxygen atoms, depending on the cation size.</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>1.00</rdommax>\n <attrunit>mole percent (mol%)</attrunit>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>M2 site total</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>The total number of cations present in the cubic (M2) site of the pyroxene chemical formula. Total cations are reported in mole percent (mol%).</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>1.00</rdommax>\n <attrunit>mole percent (mol%)</attrunit>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Mg (M1)</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>The contribution of the magnesium (Mg) cation to the octahedral (M1) site in the pyroxene chemical formula.</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>1.00</rdommax>\n <attrunit>mole percent (mol%)</attrunit>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Ca+Na (M1)</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>The contribution of the calcium (Ca) and sodium (Na) cations to the octahedral (M1) site in the pyroxene chemical formula.</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>1.00</rdommax>\n <attrunit>mole percent (mol%)</attrunit>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>M1 site total</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>The total number of cations in the octahedral (M1) site. Total cations are reported in mole percent (mol%).</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>2.00</rdommax>\n <attrunit>mole percent (mol%)</attrunit>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>En%</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Pyroxene minerals can have compositions between magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and iron (Fe) endmembers. The Mg endmember is enstatite (En) and the percent (%) En is determined by dividing Mg cations by the sum of Ca, Mg, and Fe cations and multiplying times 100.</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>100.0</rdommax>\n <attrunit>percent (%)</attrunit>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Fs%</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Pyroxene minerals can have compositions between magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and iron (Fe) endmembers. The Fe endmember is ferrosilite (Fs) and the percent (%) Fs is determined by dividing Fe cations by the sum of Ca, Mg, and Fe cations and multiplying times 100.</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>100.0</rdommax>\n <attrunit>percent (%)</attrunit>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Wo%</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Pyroxene minerals can have compositions between magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and iron (Fe) endmembers. The Ca endmember is wollastonite (Wo) and the percent (%) Wo is determined by dividing Ca cations by the sum of Ca, Mg, and Fe cations and multiplying times 100.</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>100.0</rdommax>\n <attrunit>percent (%)</attrunit>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n </detailed>\n </eainfo>\n <distinfo>\n <distrib>\n <cntinfo>\n <cntperp>\n <cntper>GS ScienceBase</cntper>\n <cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey</cntorg>\n </cntperp>\n <cntaddr>\n <addrtype>mailing and physical</addrtype>\n <address>Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302</address>\n <city>Denver</city>\n <state>CO</state>\n <postal>80225</postal>\n <country>United States</country>\n </cntaddr>\n <cntvoice>1-888-275-8747</cntvoice>\n <cntemail>[email protected]</cntemail>\n </cntinfo>\n </distrib>\n <distliab>This database has been approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Although this database has been subjected to rigorous review and is substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, the database is released on the condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government shall be held liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use.</distliab>\n <techpreq>This file contains data in a comma separated values format (csv). The user must have software capable of opening and reading the csv file format.</techpreq>\n </distinfo>\n <metainfo>\n <metd>20200821</metd>\n <metc>\n <cntinfo>\n <cntperp>\n <cntper>Peter N Schweitzer</cntper>\n <cntorg>Midwest Region</cntorg>\n </cntperp>\n <cntaddr>\n <addrtype>mailing and physical</addrtype>\n <address>Mail Stop 954, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr</address>\n <city>Reston</city>\n <state>VA</state>\n <postal>20192</postal>\n <country>United States</country>\n </cntaddr>\n <cntvoice>703-648-6533</cntvoice>\n <cntemail>[email protected]</cntemail>\n </cntinfo>\n </metc>\n <metstdn>Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata</metstdn>\n <metstdv>FGDC-STD-001-1998</metstdv>\n </metainfo>\n</metadata>'

Generate a FGDC (Federal Geographic Data Committee) XML from following description of datarelease:

[Skip to main content](#sb-container-body)  Your browser does not have support for cookies enabled. Some features of this application will not work. processing ... 1. [ScienceBase Catalog](/catalog/item/4f4e4760e4b07f02db47df9c) 2. [USGS Data Release Products](/catalog/item/5474ec49e4b04d7459a7eab2) 3. [Native Bee Genera in Colorado Conservation Reserve Program Fields, Collected from 2012-2014](/catalog/folder/5c819e86e4b0938824476639) View - [Item View](/catalog/item/5c819e86e4b0938824476639) - [Folder View](/catalog/folder/5c819e86e4b0938824476639) - [JSON](/catalog/item/5c819e86e4b0938824476639?format=json) ## Dates Publication Date2019-03-08Start Date2012End Date2014 ## Citation Vandever, M., and Cade, B., 2019, Native Bee Genera in Colorado Conservation Reserve Program Fields, Collected from 2012-2014: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9BVVHVB. ## Summary Data included in this data set are for blue vane trap captured native bees from Logan County, Colorado starting in 2012 and ending in 2014. Data collected were the number of bees captured per date, per field, and identified to genus. Net level data contains 16,229 records. ## Summary Data included in this data set are for blue vane trap captured native bees from Logan County, Colorado starting in 2012 and ending in 2014. Data collected were the number of bees captured per date, per field, and identified to genus. Net level data contains 16,229 records. ## Contacts Point of Contact : [Mark Vandever](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=10687), [U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Region](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=U.S.+Geological+Survey%2C+Southwest+Region) Process Contact : [Brian S Cade](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=1467), [U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Region](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=U.S.+Geological+Survey%2C+Southwest+Region) Originator : [Mark Vandever](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=10687), [Brian S Cade](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=1467) Metadata Contact : [Mark Vandever](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=10687), [U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Region](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=U.S.+Geological+Survey%2C+Southwest+Region) Distributor : [U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=70157) SDC Data Owner : [Fort Collins Science Center](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=17368) USGS Mission Area : [Ecosystems](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=Ecosystems) ## Attached Files - sorting - [Metadata First](/catalog/item/get/5c819e86e4b0938824476639?files.metadataFirst=true\#attached-files-section "Sort files with metadata files first") - [Recent First](/catalog/item/get/5c819e86e4b0938824476639?files.sort=dateUploaded&files.order=desc&files.metadataFirst=false\#attached-files-section "Sort files with most recent first") - [Alphabetical](/catalog/item/get/5c819e86e4b0938824476639?files.sort=name&files.order=asc&files.metadataFirst=false\#attached-files-section "Sort files alphabetically") Click on title to download individual files attached to this item or download all files listed below as a compressed file. | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Bee data 2012-2014.xml<br>_Original FGDC Metadata_ | View | 28.39 KB | application/fgdc+xml | | Bees 2012-2014 data.csv | | 34.46 KB | text/csv | ## Purpose To our knowledge this is the first examination of the effect of USDA pollinator habitat plantings on pollinator abundance and diversity that has been done. Data should be used to continue to estimate whether planting pollinator habitat in grasslands is an impactful way to support native bees populations. ## [Map](/catalog/item/imap/5c819e86e4b0938824476639) [](/catalog/item/imap/5c819e86e4b0938824476639) ## Communities - Fort Collins Science Center (FORT) - USGS Data Release Products ## Tags Categories - [Data](/catalog/items?q=&filter=browseCategory%3DData "Data") Harvest Set - [USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC)](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3DUSGS+Science+Data+Catalog+%28SDC%29 "USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC) (USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Harvest Set, )") Theme - [Bees](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3DBees "Bees (Bees, Theme, None)") - [Conservation Reserve Program](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3DConservation+Reserve+Program "Conservation Reserve Program (Conservation Reserve Program, Theme, None)") - [biota](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3Dbiota "biota (biota, Theme, ISO 19115 Topic Category)") - [grasslands](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3Dgrasslands "grasslands (grasslands, Theme, Alexandria Digital Library Feature Type Thesaurus)") - [pollinators](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3Dpollinators "pollinators (pollinators, Theme, USGS Thesaurus)") Place - [Colorado](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3DColorado "Colorado (Colorado, Place, None)") - [Logan County](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3DLogan+County "Logan County (Logan County, Place, None)") ## Provenance ## Additional Information ### Identifiers | Type | Scheme | Key | | --- | --- | --- | | DOI | https://www.sciencebase.gov/vocab/category/item/identifier | doi:10.5066/P9BVVHVB | ## Item Actions ### View Item as ... 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b'<metadata>\n <idinfo>\n <citation>\n <citeinfo>\n <origin>Mark Vandever</origin>\n <origin>Brian Cade</origin>\n <pubdate>2019</pubdate>\n <title>Native Bee Genera in Colorado Conservation Reserve Program Fields, Collected from 2012-2014</title>\n <geoform>spreadsheet</geoform>\n <onlink>https://doi.org/10.5066/P9BVVHVB</onlink>\n <lworkcit>\n <citeinfo>\n <origin>H. S. Arathi</origin>\n <origin>Mark W. Vandever</origin>\n <origin>Brian S. Cade</origin>\n <pubdate>20190222</pubdate>\n <title>Diversity and abundance of wild bees in an agriculturally dominated landscape of eastern Colorado</title>\n <geoform>publication</geoform>\n <serinfo>\n <sername>Journal of Insect Conservation</sername>\n <issue>vol. 23, issue 1</issue>\n </serinfo>\n <pubinfo>\n <pubplace>n/a</pubplace>\n <publish>Springer Science and Business Media LLC</publish>\n </pubinfo>\n <othercit>ppg. 187-197</othercit>\n <onlink>https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-019-00125-1</onlink>\n </citeinfo>\n </lworkcit>\n </citeinfo>\n </citation>\n <descript>\n <abstract>Data included in this data set are for blue vane trap captured native bees from Logan County, Colorado starting in 2012 and ending in 2014. Data were collected the number of bees captured per date, per field, and identified to genus. Net level data contains 16,229 records.</abstract>\n <purpose>To our knowledge this is the first examination of the effect of USDA pollinator habitat plantings on pollinator abundance and diversity that has been done. Data should be used to continue to estimate whether planting pollinator habitat in grasslands is an impactful way to support native bees populations.</purpose>\n </descript>\n <timeperd>\n <timeinfo>\n <rngdates>\n <begdate>2012</begdate>\n <enddate>2014</enddate>\n </rngdates>\n </timeinfo>\n <current>Field collection/sampling</current>\n </timeperd>\n <status>\n <progress>Complete</progress>\n <update>None planned</update>\n </status>\n <spdom>\n <bounding>\n <westbc>-103.5626</westbc>\n <eastbc>-102.6500</eastbc>\n <northbc>40.6536</northbc>\n <southbc>40.4200</southbc>\n </bounding>\n <descgeog>Logan County, Colorado</descgeog>\n </spdom>\n <keywords>\n <theme>\n <themekt>ISO 19115 Topic Category</themekt>\n <themekey>biota</themekey>\n </theme>\n <theme>\n <themekt>None</themekt>\n <themekey>Bees</themekey>\n <themekey>Conservation Reserve Program</themekey>\n </theme>\n <theme>\n <themekt>Alexandria Digital Library Feature Type Thesaurus</themekt>\n <themekey>grasslands</themekey>\n </theme>\n <theme>\n <themekt>USGS Thesaurus</themekt>\n <themekey>pollinators</themekey>\n </theme>\n <theme>\n <themekt>USGS Metadata Identifier</themekt>\n <themekey>USGS:5c819e86e4b0938824476639</themekey>\n </theme>\n <place>\n <placekt>None</placekt>\n <placekey>Logan County</placekey>\n <placekey>Colorado</placekey>\n </place>\n </keywords>\n <accconst>None. Please see \'Distribution Info\' for details.</accconst>\n <useconst>None. Users are advised to read the data set\'s metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations.</useconst>\n <ptcontac>\n <cntinfo>\n <cntperp>\n <cntper>Mark Vandever</cntper>\n <cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Region</cntorg>\n </cntperp>\n <cntpos>Rangeland Management Specialist</cntpos>\n <cntaddr>\n <addrtype>mailing address</addrtype>\n <address>2150 Centre Avenue Bldg C</address>\n <city>Fort Collins</city>\n <state>CO</state>\n <postal>80526</postal>\n <country>United States</country>\n </cntaddr>\n <cntvoice>970-226-9264</cntvoice>\n <cntfax>970-226-9230</cntfax>\n <cntemail>[email protected]</cntemail>\n </cntinfo>\n </ptcontac>\n </idinfo>\n <dataqual>\n <attracc>\n <attraccr>Dataset values are believed to be true values reflecting specimens collected in the field. Bees were numbered, pinned and assigned barcodes containing date and field location the day after field collection. Bees were then identified to genus by a taxonomist and their associated barcodes were scanned into an .xls file and labeled. A general tabular summary of counts per day/field was done to assure accuracy of specimen numbers. An additional taxonomic review of specimens was done in the Gillette Museum at Colorado State University in 2017.</attraccr>\n </attracc>\n <logic>All data values fall within expected range and field/lab/taxonomic data were a match in the final dataset. Preliminary field collection numbers were often not accurate as some specimens escaped. A potential shortcoming could be a small percentage of misidentified bees but precautions were taken and the taxonomist who authored "The Bees of Colorado" identified all specimens.</logic>\n <complete>Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.</complete>\n <posacc>\n <horizpa>\n <horizpar>No spatial aspect to this data</horizpar>\n </horizpa>\n </posacc>\n <lineage>\n <procstep>\n <procdesc>Data collected were recorded as tabular data. Tabular data were organized by paired fields, per season, and per year and statistically analyzed using a multi-response permutation procedure for randomized blocks. Adjustments were made to account for trapping efficiency by using a sample-based rarefaction for each identified time period of collection.</procdesc>\n <procdate>Unknown</procdate>\n <proccont>\n <cntinfo>\n <cntperp>\n <cntper>Brian S Cade</cntper>\n <cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Region</cntorg>\n </cntperp>\n <cntpos>Research Statistician (Biology)</cntpos>\n <cntaddr>\n <addrtype>mailing address</addrtype>\n <address>2150 Centre Avenue Bldg C</address>\n <city>Fort Collins</city>\n <state>CO</state>\n <postal>80526</postal>\n <country>United States</country>\n </cntaddr>\n <cntvoice>970-226-9326</cntvoice>\n <cntfax>970-226-9230</cntfax>\n <cntemail>[email protected]</cntemail>\n </cntinfo>\n </proccont>\n </procstep>\n </lineage>\n </dataqual>\n <eainfo>\n <detailed>\n <enttyp>\n <enttypl>Bees 2012-2014 data.xlsx (Sheet1)</enttypl>\n <enttypd>Excel Worksheet</enttypd>\n <enttypds>Producer defined</enttypds>\n </enttyp>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Date</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Date of field sampling</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>2012-05-31 00:00:00</rdommin>\n <rdommax>2014-10-04 00:00:00</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Treatment</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Defines design of experiment. Control fields were not planted to pollinator pollinator habitat. Pollinator (treated) fields were planted to pollinator habitat</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <edom>\n <edomv>Control</edomv>\n <edomvd>General sign-up Conservation Reserve Program Fields not planted to pollinator habitat</edomvd>\n <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>\n </edom>\n </attrdomv>\n <attrdomv>\n <edom>\n <edomv>Pollinator</edomv>\n <edomvd>Conservation Reserve Program fields enrolled in the pollinator habitat initiative and planted to pollinator habitat</edomvd>\n <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>\n </edom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Site #</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Unique identifier of field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>5</rdommax>\n <attrunit>1</attrunit>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Method</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Identifies type of trap used to collect bees</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <edom>\n <edomv>BVT</edomv>\n <edomvd>blue vane trap</edomvd>\n <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>\n </edom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl># Traps</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of traps used per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>4</rdommin>\n <rdommax>8</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Agapostemon</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of bees associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>80</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Andrena</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of bees associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>2</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Anthidium</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of bees associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>6</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Anthophora</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of bees associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>21</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Apis</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of bees associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>5</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Ashmeadiella</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of bees associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>1</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Augochlora</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of bees associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>1</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Augochlorella</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of bees associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>9</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Augochloropsis</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of bees associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>9</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Bombus</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of bees associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>18</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Calliopsis</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of bees associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>4</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Ceratina</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of bees associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>1</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Coelioxys</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of bees associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>4</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Colletes</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of bees associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>5</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Diadasia</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of bees associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>373</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Dianthidium</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of bees associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>4</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Dieunomia</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of bees associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>3</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Doeringiella</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of bees associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n 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associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>2</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Florilegus</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of bees associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>6</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Habropoda</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of bees associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>3</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Halictus</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of bees associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>9</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Hesperapis</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of bees associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>1</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Holcopasites</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of bees associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>1</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Hoplitis</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of bees associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>7</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Hylaeus</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of bees associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>1</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Lasioglossum</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of bees associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>72</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Lithurgopsis</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of bees associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>15</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Lithurgus</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of bees associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>16</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Megachile</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of bees associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>11</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Melecta</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of bees associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>1</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Melissodes</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of bees associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>321</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Melitoma</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of bees associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>2</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Neolarra</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of bees associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>1</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Nomada</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of bees associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>5</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Nomia</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of bees associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>2</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Osmia</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of bees associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>8</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Panurginus</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of bees associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>12</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Peponapis</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of bees associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>4</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Perdita</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of bees associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>21</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Protandrena</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of bees associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>3</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Pseudopanurgus</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of bees associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>3</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Sphecodes</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of bees associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>32</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Svastra</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of bees associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>164</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Tetraloniella</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of bees associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>6</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Triepeolus</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of bees associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>10</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Xenoglossa</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of bees associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>1</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>Xeromelecta</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Count of bees associated with this genus trapped per field</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <rdom>\n <rdommin>0</rdommin>\n <rdommax>9</rdommax>\n </rdom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n </detailed>\n </eainfo>\n <distinfo>\n <distrib>\n <cntinfo>\n <cntperp>\n <cntper>GS ScienceBase</cntper>\n <cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey</cntorg>\n </cntperp>\n <cntaddr>\n <addrtype>mailing address</addrtype>\n <address>Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302</address>\n <city>Denver</city>\n <state>CO</state>\n <postal>80225</postal>\n <country>United States</country>\n </cntaddr>\n <cntvoice>1-888-275-8747</cntvoice>\n <cntemail>[email protected]</cntemail>\n </cntinfo>\n </distrib>\n <distliab>Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.</distliab>\n <stdorder>\n <digform>\n <digtinfo>\n <formname>Digital Data</formname>\n </digtinfo>\n <digtopt>\n <onlinopt>\n <computer>\n <networka>\n <networkr>https://doi.org/10.5066/P9BVVHVB</networkr>\n </networka>\n </computer>\n </onlinopt>\n </digtopt>\n </digform>\n <fees>None</fees>\n </stdorder>\n </distinfo>\n <metainfo>\n <metd>20220203</metd>\n <metc>\n <cntinfo>\n <cntperp>\n <cntper>Mark Vandever</cntper>\n <cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Region</cntorg>\n </cntperp>\n <cntpos>Rangeland Management Specialist</cntpos>\n <cntaddr>\n <addrtype>mailing address</addrtype>\n <address>2150 Centre Avenue Bldg C</address>\n <city>Fort Collins</city>\n <state>CO</state>\n <postal>80526</postal>\n <country>United States</country>\n </cntaddr>\n <cntvoice>970-226-9264</cntvoice>\n <cntfax>970-226-9230</cntfax>\n <cntemail>[email protected]</cntemail>\n </cntinfo>\n </metc>\n <metstdn>FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata</metstdn>\n <metstdv>FGDC-STD-001.1-1999</metstdv>\n </metainfo>\n</metadata>'

Generate a FGDC (Federal Geographic Data Committee) XML from following description of datarelease:

[Skip to main content](#sb-container-body)  Your browser does not have support for cookies enabled. Some features of this application will not work. processing ... 1. [ScienceBase Catalog](/catalog/item/4f4e4760e4b07f02db47df9c) 2. [Geology, Energy & Minerals (GEM) Science Center](/catalog/item/5f9044e382cec5ff998af2f4) 3. [USGS Data Releases](/catalog/item/5f9045e482cec5ff998af2fc) 4. [Model of groundwater flow, gas migration, and reactive transport in the Virgin River Basin, SW Utah](/catalog/folder/5fa2ab1ad34e198cb7960970) View - [Item View](/catalog/item/5fa2ab1ad34e198cb7960970) - [Folder View](/catalog/folder/5fa2ab1ad34e198cb7960970) - [JSON](/catalog/item/5fa2ab1ad34e198cb7960970?format=json) ## Dates Publication Date2021-02-22Start Date2020-11-02End Date2020-11-02 ## Citation Plampin, M.R., Blondes, M.S., Sonnenthal, E.L., and Craddock, W.H., 2021, Model of groundwater flow, gas migration, and reactive transport in the Virgin River Basin, SW Utah: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ZSPA9D. ## Summary To better understand the possible risks posed to shallow groundwater resources by geologic carbon sequestration (GCS), a multi-scale numerical modeling approach was invoked using the TOUGHREACT code from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The code solves coupled equations representing conservation of mass and energy on a finite difference grid to simulate multiphase, multicomponent, non-isothermal heat and mass transport in porous media. Two different two-dimensional cross-section modeling domains were constructed to improve understanding of groundwater flow and contaminant transport processes at a field site in soutwestern Utah. The site represents a natural analogue for leakage from a GCS site because water with elevated concentrations \[...\] ## Summary To better understand the possible risks posed to shallow groundwater resources by geologic carbon sequestration (GCS), a multi-scale numerical modeling approach was invoked using the TOUGHREACT code from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The code solves coupled equations representing conservation of mass and energy on a finite difference grid to simulate multiphase, multicomponent, non-isothermal heat and mass transport in porous media. Two different two-dimensional cross-section modeling domains were constructed to improve understanding of groundwater flow and contaminant transport processes at a field site in soutwestern Utah. The site represents a natural analogue for leakage from a GCS site because water with elevated concentrations of salt and CO2 are migrating upward into a shallow aquifer system. The first modeling domain was designed to improve understanding of long-term hydrological leakage and conservative transport processes at the regional scale, while the second was designed to investigate site-scale reactive transport processes that could occur if the leaking fluids, or those with higher carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, were to interact with a potential source of contamination along their flow path toward the ground surface. Lead (Pb+2) was used as an example heavy metal contaminant and was incorporated into a region of iron oxide representing concretion zones that are common in the geographic area. Results indicate that the initial state of potential heavy metal contaminant (i.e., sorbed onto the surface of the iron oxide or in an oxide mineral assemblage as PbO, litharge), exerts strong control on the amount of contamination that may occur, and that precipitation readily sequesters mobilized Pb+2. This USGS data release contains all of the input and output files for the simulations described in the associated journal article. Descriptions of the data in each subdirectory are given to facilitate understanding of this model archive. File descriptions are provided for select files to provide additional information that may be of use for understanding this model archive. Support is provided for correcting errors in the data release and clarification of the modeling conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey. Users are encouraged to review the complete journal article (See 'Related External Resources' section below) to understand the purpose, report construction, and limitations of this model. ## Contacts Point of Contact : [Michelle R Plampin](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=71418) Originator : [Michelle R Plampin](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=71418), [Madalyn S Blondes](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=23335), [Eric L Sonnenthal](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=Eric+L+Sonnenthal), [William H Craddock](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=23462) Metadata Contact : [Eric A Morrissey](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=7209) Publisher : [U.S. Geological Survey](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=18139) USGS Mission Area : [Energy and Minerals](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=Energy+and+Minerals) SDC Data Owner : [Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=17290) Distributor : [U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=70157) ## Attached Files - sorting - [Metadata First](/catalog/item/get/5fa2ab1ad34e198cb7960970?files.metadataFirst=true\#attached-files-section "Sort files with metadata files first") - [Recent First](/catalog/item/get/5fa2ab1ad34e198cb7960970?files.sort=dateUploaded&files.order=desc&files.metadataFirst=false\#attached-files-section "Sort files with most recent first") - [Alphabetical](/catalog/item/get/5fa2ab1ad34e198cb7960970?files.sort=name&files.order=asc&files.metadataFirst=false\#attached-files-section "Sort files alphabetically") Click on title to download individual files attached to this item or download all files listed below as a compressed file. | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Product\_10.5066P9ZSPA9D\_METADATA.xml<br>_Original FGDC Metadata_ | View | 18.45 KB | application/fgdc+xml | | plampin2021\_GSLThumbnail.png |  | 12.41 MB | image/png | | plampin2021\_GSL.zip | | 401.13 MB | application/zip | ## Related External Resources Type: Related Primary Publication | | | | --- | --- | | Plampin, M.R., Blondes, M.S., Sonnenthal, E.L., Craddock; W.H., 2021, Potential Pb+2 mobilization, transport, and sequestration in shallow aquifers impacted by multiphase CO2 leakage: a natural analogue study from the Virgin River Basin in Southwest Utah: Petroleum Geoscience, https://doi.org/10.1144/petgeo2020-109. | [https://doi.org/10.1144/petgeo2020-109](https://doi.org/10.1144/petgeo2020-109 "https://doi.org/10.1144/petgeo2020-109") | ## Purpose This groundwater model was created to examine possible multiphase flow and reactive transport processes that may occur in shallow aquifers if CO2 were to leak from a deep geologic sequestration site. A site in southwestern Utah was analyzed as a natural analogue in this study because water with moderately elevated salt and CO2 concentrations is upwelling into shallow aquifers at the site. A model was built to better understand the upwelling process, and then a hypothetical contamination source was incorporated in a smaller-scale reactive transport model. The development of the model input and output files included in this data release is documented in the article published in Petroleum Geoscience (See 'Related External Resources' section above). ## Preview Image  ## [Map](/catalog/item/imap/5fa2ab1ad34e198cb7960970) [](/catalog/item/imap/5fa2ab1ad34e198cb7960970) ## Communities - Geology, Energy & Minerals (GEM) Science Center - USGS Data Release Products ## Tags Harvest Set - [USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC)](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3DUSGS+Science+Data+Catalog+%28SDC%29 "USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC) (USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Harvest Set, )") Theme - [CO2 Sequestration](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3DCO2+Sequestration "CO2 Sequestration (CO2 Sequestration, Theme, USGS Thesaurus)") - [Groundwater](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3DGroundwater "Groundwater (Groundwater, Theme, USGS Thesaurus)") - [Groundwater Model](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3DGroundwater+Model "Groundwater Model (Groundwater Model, Theme, USGS Thesaurus)") - [Multiphase Flow](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3DMultiphase+Flow "Multiphase Flow (Multiphase Flow, Theme, USGS Thesaurus)") - [Reactive Transport](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3DReactive+Transport "Reactive Transport (Reactive Transport, Theme, USGS Thesaurus)") - [TOUGHREACT](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3DTOUGHREACT "TOUGHREACT (TOUGHREACT, Theme, USGS Thesaurus)") - [environment](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3Denvironment "environment (environment, Theme, ISO 19115 Topic Category)") - [geoscientificInformation](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3DgeoscientificInformation "geoscientificInformation (geoscientificInformation, Theme, ISO 19115 Topic Category)") - [inlandWaters](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3DinlandWaters "inlandWaters (inlandWaters, Theme, ISO 19115 Topic Category)") - [usgsgroundwatermodel](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3Dusgsgroundwatermodel "usgsgroundwatermodel (usgsgroundwatermodel, Theme, USGS Thesaurus)") Place - [St. George](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3DSt.+George "St. George (St. George, Place, Geographic Information Names System)") - [Utah](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3DUtah "Utah (Utah, Place, Geographic Information Names System)") - [Virgin River Basin](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3DVirgin+River+Basin "Virgin River Basin (Virgin River Basin, Place, Geographic Information Names System)") - [Washington County](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3DWashington+County "Washington County (Washington County, Place, Geographic Information Names System)") USGS Scientific Topic Keyword - [Energy Resources](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3DEnergy+Resources "Energy Resources (Energy Resources, USGS Scientific Topic Keyword, )") ## Provenance Please see attached metadata record for full dataset provenance. ## Additional Information ### Identifiers | Type | Scheme | Key | | --- | --- | --- | | DOI | https://www.sciencebase.gov/vocab/category/item/identifier | doi:10.5066/P9ZSPA9D | ## Item Actions ### View Item as ... 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b'<metadata>\n <idinfo>\n <citation>\n <citeinfo>\n <origin>Plampin, Michelle R.</origin>\n <origin>Blondes, Madalyn S.</origin>\n <origin>Sonnenthal, Eric L.</origin>\n <origin>Craddock, William H.</origin>\n <pubdate>20210222</pubdate>\n <title>Model of groundwater flow, gas migration, and reactive transport in the Virgin River Basin, SW Utah</title>\n <edition>Version 1.0</edition>\n <geoform>groundwater model</geoform>\n <pubinfo>\n <pubplace>Reston, VA, USA</pubplace>\n <publish>U.S. Geological Survey</publish>\n </pubinfo>\n <onlink>https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ZSPA9D</onlink>\n <lworkcit>\n <citeinfo>\n <origin>Plampin, Michelle R.</origin>\n <origin>Blondes, Madalyn S.</origin>\n <origin>Sonnenthal, Eric L.</origin>\n <origin>Craddock, William H.</origin>\n <pubdate>2021</pubdate>\n <title>Potential Pb+2 mobilization, transport, and sequestration in shallow aquifers impacted by multiphase CO2 leakage: a natural analogue study from the Virgin River Basin in SW Utah</title>\n <geoform>Journal article</geoform>\n <serinfo>\n <sername>Petroleum Geocience</sername>\n <issue>Geoscience for CO2 Storage</issue>\n </serinfo>\n <pubinfo>\n <pubplace>London, United Kingdom</pubplace>\n <publish>Geological Society of London</publish>\n </pubinfo>\n <onlink>https://doi.org/10.1144/petgeo2020-109</onlink>\n </citeinfo>\n </lworkcit>\n </citeinfo>\n </citation>\n <descript>\n <abstract>To better understand the possible risks posed to shallow groundwater resources by geologic carbon sequestration (GCS), a multi-scale numerical modeling approach was invoked using the TOUGHREACT code from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The code solves coupled equations representing conservation of mass and energy on a finite difference grid to simulate multiphase, multicomponent, non-isothermal heat and mass transport in porous media. Two different two-dimensional cross-section modeling domains were constructed to improve understanding of groundwater flow and contaminant transport processes at a field site in soutwestern Utah. The site represents a natural analogue for leakage from a GCS site because water with elevated concentrations of salt and CO2 are migrating upward into a shallow aquifer system. The first modeling domain was designed to improve understanding of long-term hydrological leakage and conservative transport processes at the regional scale, while the second was designed for investigation of site-scale reactive transport processes that could occur if the leaking fluids, or those with higher carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, were to interact with a potential source of contamination along their flow path toward the ground surface. Lead (Pb+2) was used as an example heavy metal contaminant and was incorporated into a region of iron oxide representing concretion zones that are common in the geographic area. Results indicate that the initial state of potential heavy metal contaminant (i.e., sorbed onto the surface of the iron oxide or in an oxide mineral assemblage as PbO, litharge), exerts strong control on the amount of contamination that may occur, and that precipitation readily sequesters mobilized Pb+2. This USGS data release contains all of the input and output files for the simulations described in the associated journal article. \n\nDescriptions of the data in each subdirectory are given to facilitate understanding of this model archive. File descriptions are provided for select files to provide additional information that may be of use for understanding this model archive. Support is provided for correcting errors in the data release and clarification of the modeling conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey. Users are encouraged to review the complete journal article (https://doi.org/10.1144/petgeo2020-109) to understand the purpose, documentation report construction, and limitations of this model.</abstract>\n <purpose>This groundwater model was created to examine possible multiphase flow and reactive transport processes that may occur in shallow aquifers if CO2 were to leak from a deep geologic sequestration site. A site in southwestern Utah was analyzed as a natural analogue in this study because water with moderately elevated salt and CO2 concentrations is upwelling into shallow aquifers at the site. A model was built to better understand the upwelling process, and then a hypothetical contamination source was incorporated in a smaller-scale reactive transport model. The development of the model input and output files included in this data release is documented in the article published in Petroleum Geoscience (https://doi.org/1144/petgeo2020-109).</purpose>\n <supplinf>Support is provided for correcting errors in the data release and clarification of the modeling conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey. Users are encouraged to review the journal article (https://doi.org/1144/petgeo2020-109) to understand the purpose, construction, and limitations of this model. The models, along with pre- and post-processing tools, will run successfully only if the original directory structure is correctly restored. Instructions for reconstructing the original directory structure and running the models included in this data release and described in the journal article can be found in the readme.txt ASCII file which can be downloaded as part of this data release.</supplinf>\n </descript>\n <timeperd>\n <timeinfo>\n <rngdates>\n <begdate>20201102</begdate>\n <enddate>20201102</enddate>\n </rngdates>\n </timeinfo>\n <current>publication date</current>\n </timeperd>\n <status>\n <progress>Complete</progress>\n <update>None planned</update>\n </status>\n <spdom>\n <bounding>\n <westbc>-113.6676598</westbc>\n <eastbc>-113.5389137</eastbc>\n <northbc>37.262223</northbc>\n <southbc>37.1216461</southbc>\n </bounding>\n </spdom>\n <keywords>\n <theme>\n <themekt>USGS Thesaurus</themekt>\n <themekey>usgsgroundwatermodel</themekey>\n <themekey>TOUGHREACT</themekey>\n <themekey>Groundwater</themekey>\n <themekey>Reactive Transport</themekey>\n <themekey>Groundwater Model</themekey>\n <themekey>Multiphase Flow</themekey>\n <themekey>CO2 Sequestration</themekey>\n </theme>\n <theme>\n <themekt>ISO 19115 Topic Category</themekt>\n <themekey>geoscientificInformation</themekey>\n <themekey>inlandWaters</themekey>\n <themekey>environment</themekey>\n </theme>\n <theme>\n <themekt>USGS Metadata Identifier</themekt>\n <themekey>USGS:5fa2ab1ad34e198cb7960970</themekey>\n </theme>\n <place>\n <placekt>Geographic Information Names System</placekt>\n <placekey>Utah</placekey>\n <placekey>Virgin River Basin</placekey>\n <placekey>St. George</placekey>\n <placekey>Washington County</placekey>\n </place>\n <stratum>\n <stratkt>None</stratkt>\n <stratkey>None</stratkey>\n </stratum>\n <temporal>\n <tempkt>None</tempkt>\n <tempkey>None</tempkey>\n </temporal>\n </keywords>\n <accconst>None. Acknowledgement of the U.S. Geological Survey would be appreciated in products derived from this data release.</accconst>\n <useconst>none</useconst>\n <ptcontac>\n <cntinfo>\n <cntperp>\n <cntper>Michelle R Plampin</cntper>\n <cntorg>NORTHEAST REGION: GEOLOGY, ENERGY&amp;MINERALS SC</cntorg>\n </cntperp>\n <cntpos>Research Hydrologist</cntpos>\n <cntaddr>\n <addrtype>mailing and physical</addrtype>\n <address>Mail Stop 954, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr</address>\n <city>Reston</city>\n <state>VA</state>\n <postal>20192</postal>\n <country>US</country>\n </cntaddr>\n <cntvoice>703-648-5841</cntvoice>\n <cntemail>[email protected]</cntemail>\n </cntinfo>\n </ptcontac>\n <browse>\n <browsen>https://gcc02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencebase.gov%2Fcatalog%2Ffile%2Fget%2F5fa2ab1ad34e198cb7960970%3Fname%3Dplampin2021_GSLThumbnail.png%26allowOpen%3Dtrue&amp;data=04%7C01%7Cmplampin%40usgs.gov%7Ca02597b2c7354d7322b308d8c797e808%7C0693b5ba4b184d7b9341f32f400a5494%7C0%7C0%7C637478802527215190%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&amp;sdata=iBAEgq62wg7JTbSNdCjIez1YUAXEwJuHO35iTh2oDlE%3D&amp;reserved=0</browsen>\n <browsed>Image of the model location.</browsed>\n <browset>jpg</browset>\n </browse>\n <datacred>U.S. Geological Survey</datacred>\n </idinfo>\n <dataqual>\n <attracc>\n <attraccr>The simulation in the larger of the two model domains simulated groundwater flow and conservative transport for a period of 10,000 years, ending at the present day. The simulations on the smaller domain simulated groundwater flow, multiphase CO2 evolution, and reactive metal transport during a hypothetical 100-year period.</attraccr>\n </attracc>\n <logic>No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted.</logic>\n <complete>Data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record and the associated journal article (https://doi.org/10.1144/petgeo2020-109) for additional details.</complete>\n <posacc>\n <horizpa>\n <horizpar>No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted</horizpar>\n </horizpa>\n <vertacc>\n <vertaccr>No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted</vertaccr>\n </vertacc>\n </posacc>\n <lineage>\n <procstep>\n <procdesc>The processes used to develop, calibrate, and apply the multiphase flow and reactive transport models are fully described in the journal article (https://doi.org/10.1144/petgeo2020-109).</procdesc>\n <procdate>2020</procdate>\n </procstep>\n </lineage>\n </dataqual>\n <spdoinfo>\n <indspref>None</indspref>\n <direct>Point</direct>\n </spdoinfo>\n <spref>\n <horizsys>\n <local>\n <localdes>Two cross-sectional models were constructed, one of which constitutes a portion of the other.</localdes>\n <localgeo>The larger model domain is a cross-section, the projection of which onto the land surface extends from the northwest corner given in the "Spatial Domain" section ( -113.6676598, 37.262223) to the southeast corner (-113.5389137, 37.1216461).</localgeo>\n </local>\n </horizsys>\n <vertdef>\n <depthsys>\n <depthdn>Distance from top of model domain, which is the ground level at the discharge end of the regional model.</depthdn>\n <depthres>4.0</depthres>\n <depthdu>meters</depthdu>\n <depthem>Explicit depth coordinate included with horizontal coordinates</depthem>\n </depthsys>\n </vertdef>\n </spref>\n <eainfo>\n <detailed>\n <enttyp>\n <enttypl>plampin2021_GSL.zip</enttypl>\n <enttypd>Model archive, containing simulation input and output files, georeferencing information, and instructions for use.</enttypd>\n <enttypds>Producer defined</enttypds>\n </enttyp>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>webrelease</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Folder</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <udom>A thumbnail image of the study site and this .xml metadata file.</udom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>bin.zip</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>A zip folder for numerical modeling software</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <udom>A readme text file describing the modeling software.</udom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>georef.zip</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Zip folder for georeferencing information</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <udom>GIS shape files and a readme file describing them</udom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>model.zip</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>A zip folder containing model input files</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <udom>Subdirectories for each simulation in the journal article, each of which contains ASCII text files for running the simulations, and a usgs.model.reference file describing the model</udom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>modelgeoref.txt</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Text file for georeferencing information</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <udom>Coordinates of the modeling domain</udom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>output.zip</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Zip folder containing model output files</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <udom>Subdirectories for each simulation in the journal article, each of which contains ASCII text files produced from running the simulations</udom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>readme.txt</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Text file describing the model archive</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <udom>A description of the model archive purpose, structure, contents, and usage</udom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n <attr>\n <attrlabl>source.zip</attrlabl>\n <attrdef>Zip folder for the numerical modeling source code</attrdef>\n <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>\n <attrdomv>\n <udom>A readme text file containing information about the numerical modeling source code</udom>\n </attrdomv>\n </attr>\n </detailed>\n <overview>\n <eaover>The data are described in the accompanying journal article.</eaover>\n <eadetcit>Plampin, Michelle R., Madalyn S. Blondes, Eric L. Sonnenthal and William H. Craddock, 2021, Potential Pb+2 mobilization, \ntransport, and sequestration in shallow aquifers impacted by multiphase CO2 leakage: a natural analogue study from the Virgin \nRiver Basin in SW Utah, In: Geoscience for CO2 Storage, Petroleum Geoscience. https://doi.org/10.1144/petgeo2020-109.</eadetcit>\n </overview>\n </eainfo>\n <distinfo>\n <distrib>\n <cntinfo>\n <cntperp>\n <cntper>GS ScienceBase</cntper>\n <cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey</cntorg>\n </cntperp>\n <cntaddr>\n <addrtype>mailing and physical</addrtype>\n <address>Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302</address>\n <city>Denver</city>\n <state>CO</state>\n <postal>80225</postal>\n <country>United States</country>\n </cntaddr>\n <cntvoice>1-888-275-8747</cntvoice>\n <cntemail>[email protected]</cntemail>\n </cntinfo>\n </distrib>\n <distliab>The data have been approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.</distliab>\n <stdorder>\n <digform>\n <digtinfo>\n <formname>readme.txt</formname>\n <formvern>Version 1.0</formvern>\n <formspec>ASCII text file</formspec>\n <formcont>ASCII text file describing the model data release, including descriptions of the model input and output files and instructions on how to run the models contained in the data release.</formcont>\n <transize>0.021</transize>\n </digtinfo>\n <digtopt>\n <onlinopt>\n <computer>\n <networka>\n <networkr>https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ZSPA9D</networkr>\n </networka>\n </computer>\n <accinstr>None</accinstr>\n </onlinopt>\n </digtopt>\n </digform>\n <fees>None</fees>\n </stdorder>\n <techpreq>This zip file contains model input and output files from simulations conducted using the TOUGH family of numerical modeling tools from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The user must obtain the TOUGH modeling software (specific modules used in this study were iTOUGH2 and TOUGHREACT) from http://esd1.lbl.gov/research/projects/tough/. More details on software acquisition, installation, and use are given in the file readme.txt. The zip file also contains data available in ESRI shapefile format. The user must have software capable of uncompressing the WinZip file and displaying the shapefile. In lieu of ArcView or ArcGIS, the user may utilize another GIS application package capable of importing the data. A free data viewer, ArcExplorer, capable of displaying the data is available from ESRI at www.esri.com</techpreq>\n </distinfo>\n <metainfo>\n <metd>20210316</metd>\n <metc>\n <cntinfo>\n <cntperp>\n <cntper>Eric A Morrissey</cntper>\n <cntorg>NORTHEAST REGION: GEOLOGY, ENERGY, &amp; MINERALS SC</cntorg>\n </cntperp>\n <cntorgp>\n <cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey</cntorg>\n </cntorgp>\n <cntpos>Info Tech Spec (Internet)</cntpos>\n <cntaddr>\n <addrtype>mailing and physical</addrtype>\n <address>Mail Stop 954, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr</address>\n <city>Reston</city>\n <state>VA</state>\n <postal>20192</postal>\n <country>US</country>\n </cntaddr>\n <cntvoice>703-648-6409</cntvoice>\n <cntemail>[email protected]</cntemail>\n </cntinfo>\n </metc>\n <metstdn>Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata</metstdn>\n <metstdv>FGDC-STD-001-1998</metstdv>\n </metainfo>\n</metadata>'

Generate a FGDC (Federal Geographic Data Committee) XML from following description of datarelease:

[Skip to main content](#sb-container-body)  Your browser does not have support for cookies enabled. Some features of this application will not work. processing ... 1. [ScienceBase Catalog](/catalog/item/4f4e4760e4b07f02db47df9c) 2. [USGS Data Release Products](/catalog/item/5474ec49e4b04d7459a7eab2) 3. [Stable isotopic ratios of hydrogen and oxygen in groundwater and calculated fraction of recharge from winter precipitation, South Rim Grand Canyon, Arizona](/catalog/folder/5e862421e4b01d50927fb774) View - [Item View](/catalog/item/5e862421e4b01d50927fb774) - [Folder View](/catalog/folder/5e862421e4b01d50927fb774) - [JSON](/catalog/item/5e862421e4b01d50927fb774?format=json) ## Dates Publication Date2020-04-10Start Date1992-09-01End Date2019-05-09 ## Citation Solder, J.E., 2020, Stable isotopic ratios of hydrogen and oxygen in groundwater and calculated fraction of recharge from winter precipitation, South Rim Grand Canyon, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9G7INFB. ## Summary Dataset provides inputs and model results of a stable isotope-based mixing model for estimating the relative contribution of seasonal recharge sources to the South Rim groundwater flow system, Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA. ## Summary Dataset provides inputs and model results of a stable isotope-based mixing model for estimating the relative contribution of seasonal recharge sources to the South Rim groundwater flow system, Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA. ## Contacts Point of Contact : [John E Solder](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=59762) Originator : [John E Solder](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=59762) Metadata Contact : [John E Solder](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=59762) Publisher : [U.S. Geological Survey](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=18139) Distributor : [U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=70157) SDC Data Owner : [Utah Water Science Center](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=17454) USGS Mission Area : [Water Resources](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=Water+Resources) ## Attached Files - sorting - [Metadata First](/catalog/item/get/5e862421e4b01d50927fb774?files.metadataFirst=true\#attached-files-section "Sort files with metadata files first") - [Recent First](/catalog/item/get/5e862421e4b01d50927fb774?files.sort=dateUploaded&files.order=desc&files.metadataFirst=false\#attached-files-section "Sort files with most recent first") - [Alphabetical](/catalog/item/get/5e862421e4b01d50927fb774?files.sort=name&files.order=asc&files.metadataFirst=false\#attached-files-section "Sort files alphabetically") Click on title to download individual files attached to this item or download all files listed below as a compressed file. | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | StableIso\_Metadata.xml<br>_Original FGDC Metadata_ | View | 18.65 KB | application/fgdc+xml | | Table1\_GroundwaterData\_CalculatedFractionWinter.xlsx | | 43.87 KB | application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet | ## Related External Resources Type: Related Primary Publication | | | | --- | --- | | Solder, J.E., and Beisner, K.R., 2020, Critical evaluation of stable isotope mixing end-members for estimating groundwater recharge sources: case study from the South Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 28, no. 5, p. 1575–1591, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-020-02194-y. | [https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-020-02194-y](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-020-02194-y "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-020-02194-y") | ## Purpose Groundwater data was collected and compiled from published literature to evaluate the source and flow paths of groundwater. Stable isotopic ratios of hydrogen and oxygen in water were used to evaluate the seasonal precipitation source of groundwater recharge. The mixing model is described in Solder and Beisner (2020), which estimates mixing end-members from precipitation and surface water data. The final calculated value is the fraction of recharge from winter precipitation as reported here. Solder, J.E., and Beisner, K.R., 2020, Critical evaluation of stable isotope mixing end-members for estimating groundwater recharge sources: case study from the South Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA, Hydrogeology Journal ## [Map](/catalog/item/imap/5e862421e4b01d50927fb774) [](/catalog/item/imap/5e862421e4b01d50927fb774) ## Spatial Services ScienceBase WMS ## Communities - USGS Data Release Products ## Tags Categories - [Data](/catalog/items?q=&filter=browseCategory%3DData "Data") Harvest Set - [USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC)](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3DUSGS+Science+Data+Catalog+%28SDC%29 "USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC) (USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Harvest Set, )") Theme - [atmospheric sciences](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3Datmospheric+sciences "atmospheric sciences (atmospheric sciences, Theme, USGSThesaurus)") - [biota](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3Dbiota "biota (biota, Theme, ISO 19115 Topic Category)") - [climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3DclimatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere "climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere (climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere, Theme, ISO 19115 Topic Category)") - [earth sciences](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3Dearth+sciences "earth sciences (earth sciences, Theme, USGSThesaurus)") - [environment](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3Denvironment "environment (environment, Theme, ISO 19115 Topic Category)") - [geoscientificInformation](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3DgeoscientificInformation "geoscientificInformation (geoscientificInformation, Theme, ISO 19115 Topic Category)") - [geospatial dataset](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3Dgeospatial+dataset "geospatial dataset (geospatial dataset, Theme, USGSThesaurus)") - [groundwater](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3Dgroundwater "groundwater (groundwater, Theme, USGSThesaurus)") - [groundwater flow](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3Dgroundwater+flow "groundwater flow (groundwater flow, Theme, USGSThesaurus)") - [hydrogeology](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3Dhydrogeology "hydrogeology (hydrogeology, Theme, USGSThesaurus)") - [hydrology](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3Dhydrology "hydrology (hydrology, Theme, USGSThesaurus)") - [light stable isotope analysis](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3Dlight+stable+isotope+analysis "light stable isotope analysis (light stable isotope analysis, Theme, USGSThesaurus)") - [mathematical modeling](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3Dmathematical+modeling "mathematical modeling (mathematical modeling, Theme, USGSThesaurus)") - [precipitation (atmospheric)](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3Dprecipitation+%28atmospheric%29 "precipitation (atmospheric) (precipitation (atmospheric), Theme, USGSThesaurus)") - [recharge](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3Drecharge "recharge (recharge, Theme, USGSThesaurus)") - [runoff](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3Drunoff "runoff (runoff, Theme, USGSThesaurus)") - [scientific interpretation](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3Dscientific+interpretation "scientific interpretation (scientific interpretation, Theme, USGSThesaurus)") - [water chemistry](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3Dwater+chemistry "water chemistry (water chemistry, Theme, USGSThesaurus)") - [water cycle](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3Dwater+cycle "water cycle (water cycle, Theme, USGSThesaurus)") Place - [Arizona](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3DArizona "Arizona (Arizona, Place, CommonGeographicAreas)") - [Coconino](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3DCoconino "Coconino (Coconino, Place, CommonGeographicAreas)") - [Grand Canyon](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3DGrand+Canyon "Grand Canyon (Grand Canyon, Place, CommonGeographicAreas)") - [North America](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3DNorth+America "North America (North America, Place, CommonGeographicAreas)") USGS Scientific Topic Keyword - [Geochemistry](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3DGeochemistry "Geochemistry (Geochemistry, USGS Scientific Topic Keyword, )") - [Hydrology](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3DHydrology "Hydrology (Hydrology, USGS Scientific Topic Keyword, )") - [Water Resources](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3DWater+Resources "Water Resources (Water Resources, USGS Scientific Topic Keyword, )") Types - [Map Service](/catalog/items?q=&filter=browseType%3DMap+Service "Map Service") - [OGC WFS Layer](/catalog/items?q=&filter=browseType%3DOGC+WFS+Layer "OGC WFS Layer") - [OGC WMS Layer](/catalog/items?q=&filter=browseType%3DOGC+WMS+Layer "OGC WMS Layer") - [OGC WMS Service](/catalog/items?q=&filter=browseType%3DOGC+WMS+Service "OGC WMS Service") ## Provenance ## Additional Information ### Identifiers | Type | Scheme | Key | | --- | --- | --- | | DOI | https://www.sciencebase.gov/vocab/category/item/identifier | doi:10.5066/P9G7INFB | ## Item Actions ### View Item as ... 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b"<metadata><idinfo><citation><citeinfo><origin>John E. Solder</origin><pubdate>20200410</pubdate><title>Stable isotopic ratios of hydrogen and oxygen in groundwater and calculated fraction of recharge from winter precipitation, South Rim Grand Canyon, Arizona</title><geoform>spreadsheet</geoform><onlink>https://doi.org/10.5066/P9G7INFB</onlink><lworkcit><citeinfo><origin>John E. Solder</origin><origin>Kimberly R. Beisner</origin><pubdate>20200501</pubdate><title>Critical evaluation of stable isotope mixing end-members for estimating groundwater recharge sources: case study from the South Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA</title><geoform>publication</geoform><othercit>Solder, J..E, and Beisner, K.R., 2020, Critical evaluation of stable isotope mixing end-members for estimating groundwater recharge sources: case study from the South Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA, Hydrogeology Journal</othercit></citeinfo></lworkcit></citeinfo></citation><descript><abstract>Dataset provides inputs and model results of a stable isotope-based mixing model for estimating the relative contribution of seasonal recharge sources to the South Rim groundwater flow system, Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA.</abstract><purpose>Groundwater data was collected and compiled from published literature to evaluate the source and flow paths of groundwater. Stable isotopic ratios of hydrogen and oxygen in water were used to evaluate the seasonal precipitation source of groundwater recharge. The mixing model is described in Solder and Beisner (2020), which estimates mixing end-members from precipitation and surface water data. The final calculated value is the fraction of recharge from winter precipitation as reported here.\n\nSolder, J.E., and Beisner, K.R., 2020, Critical evaluation of stable isotope mixing end-members for estimating groundwater recharge sources: case study from the South Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA, Hydrogeology Journal</purpose></descript><timeperd><timeinfo><rngdates><begdate>19920901</begdate><enddate>20190509</enddate></rngdates></timeinfo><current>ground condition</current></timeperd><status><progress>Complete</progress><update>None planned</update></status><spdom><bounding><westbc>-112.9504</westbc><eastbc>-111.3794</eastbc><northbc>36.4301</northbc><southbc>35.1558</southbc></bounding></spdom><keywords><theme><themekt>ISO 19115 Topic Category</themekt><themekey>climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere</themekey><themekey>geoscientificInformation</themekey><themekey>environment</themekey><themekey>biota</themekey></theme><theme><themekt>USGSThesaurus</themekt><themekey>earth sciences</themekey><themekey>atmospheric sciences</themekey><themekey>hydrology</themekey><themekey>hydrogeology</themekey><themekey>groundwater</themekey><themekey>groundwater flow</themekey><themekey>water cycle</themekey><themekey>precipitation (atmospheric)</themekey><themekey>runoff</themekey><themekey>recharge</themekey><themekey>mathematical modeling</themekey><themekey>scientific interpretation</themekey><themekey>geospatial dataset</themekey><themekey>water chemistry</themekey><themekey>light stable isotope analysis</themekey></theme><theme><themekt>USGS Metadata Identifier</themekt><themekey>USGS:5e862421e4b01d50927fb774</themekey></theme><place><placekt>CommonGeographicAreas</placekt><placekey>North America</placekey><placekey>Arizona</placekey><placekey>Coconino</placekey><placekey>Grand Canyon</placekey></place></keywords><accconst>None. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details.</accconst><useconst>None. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations.</useconst><ptcontac><cntinfo><cntperp><cntper>John E Solder</cntper></cntperp><cntaddr><addrtype /><address>2329 West Orton Cr.</address><city>West Valley City</city><state>Utah</state><postal>84119</postal></cntaddr><cntvoice>8019085000</cntvoice></cntinfo></ptcontac><datacred>Analysis and parts of data collection supported by funding from the National Park Service Water Resources Division.</datacred></idinfo><dataqual><attracc><attraccr>No tests to evaluate the accuracy of data performed.</attraccr></attracc><logic>Data reviewed for consistency by peer-review.</logic><complete>Data are discrete samples of hydrogen and oxygen in groundwater and associated model results.</complete><posacc><horizpa><horizpar>None</horizpar></horizpa><vertacc><vertaccr>None</vertaccr></vertacc></posacc><lineage><srcinfo><srccite><citeinfo><origin>Donald J. Bills</origin><origin>Marilyn E. Flynn</origin><origin>Stephen A. Monroe</origin><pubdate>2007</pubdate><title>Hydrogeology of the Coconino Plateau and adjacent areas, Coconino and Yavapai Counties, Arizona</title><geoform>publication</geoform><pubinfo><pubplace>n/a</pubplace><publish>US Geological Survey</publish></pubinfo><onlink>https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055222</onlink></citeinfo></srccite><typesrc>Digital and/or Hardcopy</typesrc><srctime><timeinfo><rngdates><begdate>19942308</begdate><enddate>20040413</enddate></rngdates></timeinfo><srccurr>publication date</srccurr></srctime><srccitea>Bills, 2007</srccitea><srccontr>Groundwater chemistry.</srccontr></srcinfo><srcinfo><srccite><citeinfo><origin>Stephen A. Monroe</origin><origin>Ronald C. Antweiler</origin><origin>Robert J. Hart</origin><origin>Howard E. Taylor</origin><origin>Margot Truini</origin><origin>John R. Rihs</origin><origin>Tracey J. Felger</origin><pubdate>2005</pubdate><title>Chemical characteristics of ground-water discharge along the south rim of Grand Canyon in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, 2000-2001</title><geoform>publication</geoform><pubinfo><pubplace>n/a</pubplace><publish>US Geological Survey</publish></pubinfo><onlink>https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045146</onlink></citeinfo></srccite><typesrc>Digital and/or Hardcopy</typesrc><srctime><timeinfo><rngdates><begdate>20000522</begdate><enddate>20010926</enddate></rngdates></timeinfo><srccurr>publication date</srccurr></srctime><srccitea>Monroe, 2005</srccitea><srccontr>Groundwater chemistry.</srccontr></srcinfo><srcinfo><srccite><citeinfo><origin>U.S. Geological Survey</origin><pubdate>20190710</pubdate><title>U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System data available on the World Wide Web (USGS Water Data for the Nation)</title><geoform>application/service</geoform><onlink>http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/</onlink></citeinfo></srccite><typesrc>Digital and/or Hardcopy</typesrc><srctime><timeinfo><rngdates><begdate>19960611</begdate><enddate>20190509</enddate></rngdates></timeinfo><srccurr>Date accessed</srccurr></srctime><srccitea>NWIS</srccitea><srccontr>Groundwater chemistry</srccontr></srcinfo><srcinfo><srccite><citeinfo><origin>KA Zukowsky</origin><pubdate>19950501</pubdate><title>An assessment of the potential to use water chemistry parameters to define groundwater flow pathways at Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, M.S. Thesis University of Nevada, Las Vegas.</title><geoform>publication</geoform><onlink>https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1492&amp;context=rtds</onlink></citeinfo></srccite><typesrc>Digital and/or Hardcopy</typesrc><srctime><timeinfo><rngdates><begdate>19920901</begdate><enddate>19930901</enddate></rngdates></timeinfo><srccurr>publication date</srccurr></srctime><srccitea>Zukowsky, 1995</srccitea><srccontr>Groundwater chemistry</srccontr></srcinfo><srcinfo><srccite><citeinfo><origin>John E. Solder</origin><origin>Kimberly R. Beisner</origin><pubdate>20200501</pubdate><title>Critical evaluation of stable isotope mixing end-members for estimating groundwater recharge sources: case study from the South Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA</title><geoform>publication</geoform></citeinfo></srccite><typesrc>Digital and/or Hardcopy</typesrc><srctime><timeinfo><rngdates><begdate>19920901</begdate><enddate>20190509</enddate></rngdates></timeinfo><srccurr>publication date</srccurr></srctime><srccitea>Solder and Besiner, 2020</srccitea><srccontr>Model description.</srccontr></srcinfo><procstep><procdesc>Data of stable isotopic ratios of hydrogen and oxygen compiled from primary sources.</procdesc><srcused>NWIS</srcused><srcused>Zukowsky, 1995</srcused><srcused>Monroe, 2005</srcused><srcused>Bills, 2007</srcused><procdate>20190301</procdate></procstep><procstep><procdesc>See description of modeling in associated journal article by Solder and Beisner (2020).</procdesc><procdate>20190125</procdate></procstep></lineage></dataqual><spref><horizsys><geograph><latres>.0000001</latres><longres>.0000001</longres><geogunit>Decimal degrees</geogunit></geograph><geodetic><horizdn>World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 84)</horizdn><ellips /><semiaxis /><denflat /></geodetic></horizsys><vertdef><altsys><altdatum>North American Vertical Datum of 1988</altdatum><altres>.1</altres><altunits>meters</altunits><altenc>Attribute values</altenc></altsys></vertdef></spref><eainfo><detailed><enttyp><enttypl>Table1_GroundwaterData_CalculatedFractionWinter.xlsx</enttypl><enttypd>Excel data table (XLSX) describing site attributes (station ID, latitude, longitude, altitude), isotopic ratios of hydrogen (d2H) and oxygen (d18O) in groundwater, and calculated fraction of winter recharge as described in associated journal article (Solder and Beisner, 2020). Values of d-excess calculated following Dansgaard (1964).</enttypd><enttypds>Producer Defined</enttypds></enttyp><attr><attrlabl>USGS Station ID</attrlabl><attrdef>15-digit U.S. Geological survey station identification number.</attrdef><attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs><attrdomv><edom><edomv>\xe2\x80\x94</edomv><edomvd>Site not in National Water Information System. See Data Source portion of this metadata for additional information on the sample site.</edomvd><edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds></edom></attrdomv><attrdomv><udom>15-digit U.S. Geological survey station identification number.</udom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>Lat.</attrlabl><attrdef>Site latitude (WGS83)</attrdef><attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs><attrdomv><rdom><rdommin>35.28223276</rdommin><rdommax>36.398111</rdommax><attrunit>decimal degrees</attrunit></rdom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>Lon.</attrlabl><attrdef>Site longitude (WGS83).</attrdef><attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs><attrdomv><rdom><rdommin>-112.9699222</rdommin><rdommax>-111.3723718</rdommax><attrunit>decimal degrees</attrunit></rdom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>Alt.</attrlabl><attrdef>Site altitude in meters (NAVD88).</attrdef><attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs><attrdomv><edom><edomv>\xe2\x80\x94</edomv><edomvd>Altitude not recorded for this site.</edomvd><edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds></edom></attrdomv><attrdomv><udom>Meters altitude (NAVD88).</udom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>Map ID</attrlabl><attrdef>Map ID for reference to associated journal article (Solder and Beisner, 2020).</attrdef><attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs><attrdomv><rdom><rdommin>1</rdommin><rdommax>49</rdommax></rdom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>Site Name</attrlabl><attrdef>Common name</attrdef><attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs><attrdomv><udom /></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>Date</attrlabl><attrdef>Date of sample collection.</attrdef><attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs><attrdomv><udom>Date of sample collection in mm/dd/yyyy.</udom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>\xce\xb42H</attrlabl><attrdef>Measured groundwater isotopic ratio of hydrogen-1/hydrogen-2 in water.</attrdef><attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs><attrdomv><rdom><rdommin>-15.94</rdommin><rdommax>-8.5</rdommax><attrunit>permil</attrunit></rdom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>\xce\xb418O</attrlabl><attrdef>Measured groundwater isotopic ratio of oxygen-16/oxygen-18 in water.</attrdef><attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs><attrdomv><rdom><rdommin>-114.0</rdommin><rdommax>-71.0</rdommax><attrunit>permil</attrunit></rdom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>d-excess</attrlabl><attrdef>Excess d2H relative to the global meteoric water line.</attrdef><attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs><attrdomv><rdom><rdommin>-3.5999999999999943</rdommin><rdommax>14.519999999999996</rdommax><attrunit>unitless</attrunit></rdom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>Data Source</attrlabl><attrdef>Original data source of groundwater isotopic data.</attrdef><attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs><attrdomv><edom><edomv>Bills, 2007</edomv><edomvd>Data from Bills and others (2007).</edomvd><edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds></edom></attrdomv><attrdomv><edom><edomv>NWIS</edomv><edomvd>Data from U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System.</edomvd><edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds></edom></attrdomv><attrdomv><edom><edomv>Monroe, 2005</edomv><edomvd>Data from Monroe and others (2005).</edomvd><edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds></edom></attrdomv><attrdomv><edom><edomv>Zukosky, 1995</edomv><edomvd>Data from Zukosky (1995).</edomvd><edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds></edom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>Fwin (\xce\xb418O precip)</attrlabl><attrdef>Calculated fraction of winter recharge using d18O end-members in precipitation.</attrdef><attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs><attrdomv><rdom><rdommin>0.251284891851412</rdommin><rdommax>1.7714582995817565</rdommax><attrunit>unitless</attrunit></rdom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>SD (\xce\xb418O precip)</attrlabl><attrdef>Standard deviation (SD) of fraction of winter recharge using d18O end-members in precipitation.</attrdef><attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs><attrdomv><rdom><rdommin>0.3367913319798289</rdommin><rdommax>0.6020772052697546</rdommax><attrunit>unitless</attrunit></rdom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>Fwin (\xce\xb42H precip)</attrlabl><attrdef>Calculated fraction of winter recharge using d12H end-members in precipitation.</attrdef><attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs><attrdomv><rdom><rdommin>0.3791595990440156</rdommin><rdommax>1.4894773674848125</rdommax><attrunit>unitless</attrunit></rdom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>SD (\xce\xb42H precip)</attrlabl><attrdef>Standard deviation (SD) of fraction of winter recharge using d2H end-members in precipitation.</attrdef><attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs><attrdomv><rdom><rdommin>0.3567737749129118</rdommin><rdommax>0.5887479002400832</rdommax><attrunit>unitless</attrunit></rdom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>Fwin (\xce\xb418O SW)</attrlabl><attrdef>Calculated fraction of winter recharge using d18O end-members in surface water (SW).</attrdef><attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs><attrdomv><rdom><rdommin>0.6239229528558501</rdommin><rdommax>1.3875008746904784</rdommax><attrunit>unitless</attrunit></rdom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>SD (\xce\xb418O SW)</attrlabl><attrdef>Standard deviation (SD) of fraction of winter recharge using d18O end-members in surface water.</attrdef><attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs><attrdomv><rdom><rdommin>0.16474602767073315</rdommin><rdommax>0.240481188597589</rdommax><attrunit>unitless</attrunit></rdom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>Fwin (\xce\xb42H SW)</attrlabl><attrdef>Calculated fraction of winter recharge using d2H end-members in surface water (SW).</attrdef><attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs><attrdomv><rdom><rdommin>0.5763895289023165</rdommin><rdommax>1.333979132016242</rdommax><attrunit>unitless</attrunit></rdom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>SD (\xce\xb42H SW)</attrlabl><attrdef>Standard deviation (SD) of fraction of winter recharge using d2H end-members in surface water.</attrdef><attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs><attrdomv><rdom><rdommin>0.2749961751113878</rdommin><rdommax>0.37940468512169906</rdommax><attrunit>unitless</attrunit></rdom></attrdomv></attr></detailed><overview><eaover>Excel data table (XLSX) describing site attributes (latitude, longitude, altitude), isotopic ratios of hydrogen (d2H) and oxygen (d18O) in groundwater, and calculated fraction of winter recharge as described in associated journal article (Solder and Beisner, 2020).</eaover><eadetcit>Bills DJ, Flynn M, Monroe S (2007) Hydrogeology of the Coconino Plateau and adjacent areas, Coconino and Yavapai Counties, Arizona (ver. 1.1, March 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005\xe2\x80\x93 5222, http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20055222. \n\nDansgaard W (1964), Stable isotopes in precipitation. Tellus, v. 16, pp. 436-468, doi:10.1111/j.2153-3490.1964.tb00181.x.\n\nMonroe SA, Antweiler RC, Hart RJ, Taylor HE, Truini M, Rihs JR, Felger TJ (2005) Chemical characteristics of ground-water discharge along the South Rim of Grand Canyon in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, 2000\xe2\x80\x932001: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004\xe2\x80\x935146, 59 p.\n\nU.S. Geological Survey (2018) National Water Information System data available on the World Wide Web (USGS Water Data for the Nation), http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/. Cited September 10, 2019\n\nZukosky KA (1995) An assessment of the potential to use water chemistry parameters to define groundwater flow pathways at Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, M.S. Thesis University of Nevada, Las Vegas. https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1492&amp;context=rtds. Cited Sep. 11, 2018</eadetcit></overview></eainfo><distinfo><distrib><cntinfo><cntorgp><cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey</cntorg><cntper>GS ScienceBase</cntper></cntorgp><cntaddr><addrtype>mailing address</addrtype><address>Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302</address><city>Denver</city><state>CO</state><postal>80225</postal><country>United States</country></cntaddr><cntvoice>1-888-275-8747</cntvoice><cntemail>[email protected]</cntemail></cntinfo></distrib><distliab>Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.</distliab><stdorder><digform><digtinfo><formname>Digital Data</formname></digtinfo><digtopt><onlinopt><computer><networka><networkr>https://doi.org/10.5066/P9G7INFB</networkr></networka></computer></onlinopt></digtopt></digform><fees>None</fees></stdorder></distinfo><metainfo><metd>20220824</metd><metc><cntinfo><cntperp><cntper>John E Solder</cntper><cntorg>SOUTHWEST REGION: UTAH WATER SCI CTR</cntorg></cntperp><cntaddr><addrtype>mailing and physical</addrtype><address>2329 West Orton Cr.</address><city>West Valley City</city><state>Utah</state><postal>84119</postal><country>USA</country></cntaddr><cntvoice>8019085000</cntvoice><cntemail>[email protected]</cntemail></cntinfo></metc><metstdn>FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata</metstdn><metstdv>FGDC-STD-001-1998</metstdv></metainfo></metadata>"

Generate a FGDC (Federal Geographic Data Committee) XML from following description of datarelease:

[Skip to main content](#sb-container-body)  Your browser does not have support for cookies enabled. Some features of this application will not work. processing ... 1. [ScienceBase Catalog](/catalog/item/4f4e4760e4b07f02db47df9c) 2. [Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units](/catalog/item/5a28543ce4b03852bafe152b) 3. [Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit](/catalog/item/5f97112dd34e198cb77db04e) 4. [Ungulate Migrations of the Western United States, Volume 1](/catalog/item/5f80c88d82cebef40f0fefc5) 5. [Winter Ranges of Mule Deer in the Sheep Creek Range in Nevada](/catalog/folder/5f8db57b82ce32418791d542) View - [Item View](/catalog/item/5f8db57b82ce32418791d542) - [Folder View](/catalog/folder/5f8db57b82ce32418791d542) - [JSON](/catalog/item/5f8db57b82ce32418791d542?format=json) ## Dates Publication Date2020-11-09Start Date2011-01-01End Date2017-12-01 ## Citation Nevada Department of Wildlife, 2020, Winter Ranges of Mule Deer in the Sheep Creek Range in Nevada in Kauffman, M.J., Copeland, H.E., Cole, E., Cuzzocreo, M., Dewey, S., Fattebert, J., Gagnon, J., Gelzer, E., Graves, T.A., Hersey, K., Kaiser, R., Meacham, J., Merkle, J., Middleton, A., Nunez, T., Oates, B., Olson, D., Olson, L., Sawyer, H., Schroeder, C., Sprague, S., Steingisser, A., and Thonhoff, M., 2020, Ungulate Migrations of the Western United States, Volume 1: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9O2YM6I. ## Summary Mule deer in the Sheep Creek sub herd are part of the larger Area 6 herd that occupies portions of Elko, Lander, and Eureka counties. The primary winter range of this population is located along the eastern flank of the Sheep Creek Range and the west side of Boulder Valley. Most deer migrate approximately 30 miles from winter ranges in upper Boulder Creek and Antelope Creek drainages to summer ranges on the west side of the Tuscarora Mountains. However, some deer in this population migrate much farther – approximately 80 miles – and connect with mule deer that summer east of the Humboldt River. This deer herd faces several challenges, including migration routes that pass through increased mineral extraction activities in the Carlin \[...\] ## Summary Mule deer in the Sheep Creek sub herd are part of the larger Area 6 herd that occupies portions of Elko, Lander, and Eureka counties. The primary winter range of this population is located along the eastern flank of the Sheep Creek Range and the west side of Boulder Valley. Most deer migrate approximately 30 miles from winter ranges in upper Boulder Creek and Antelope Creek drainages to summer ranges on the west side of the Tuscarora Mountains. However, some deer in this population migrate much farther – approximately 80 miles – and connect with mule deer that summer east of the Humboldt River. This deer herd faces several challenges, including migration routes that pass through increased mineral extraction activities in the Carlin Mine area, invasion of exotic annual grasses on winter range, increased wildfires on winter range, and deteriorated range conditions on many stopover sites and winter range due to overgrazing by livestock. These data provide the location of winter ranges for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in the Sheep Creek Range, Nevada. They were developed from Brownian bridge movement models (Sawyer et al. 2009) using 58 migration sequences collected from a sample size of 34 animals comprising GPS locations collected every 1-25 hours. ## Contacts Point of Contact : [Cody Schroeder](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=Cody+Schroeder), [Nevada Department of Wildlife](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=Nevada+Department+of+Wildlife) Originator : [Cody Schroeder](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=Cody+Schroeder), [Hall Sawyer](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=Hall+Sawyer) Metadata Contact : [US Geological Survey, Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Wyoming](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=US+Geological+Survey%2C+Wyoming+Cooperative+Fish+and+Wildlife+Research+Unit%2C+University+of+Wyoming), [Matthew Kauffman](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=Matthew+Kauffman) Distributor : [U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase](/catalog/catalogParty/show?partyId=70157) ## Attached Files - sorting - [Metadata First](/catalog/item/get/5f8db57b82ce32418791d542?files.metadataFirst=true\#attached-files-section "Sort files with metadata files first") - [Recent First](/catalog/item/get/5f8db57b82ce32418791d542?files.sort=dateUploaded&files.order=desc&files.metadataFirst=false\#attached-files-section "Sort files with most recent first") - [Alphabetical](/catalog/item/get/5f8db57b82ce32418791d542?files.sort=name&files.order=asc&files.metadataFirst=false\#attached-files-section "Sort files alphabetically") Click on title to download individual files attached to this item or download all files listed below as a compressed file. | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | NV\_MD\_Area6\_SheepCreek\_WinterRange30\_Ver1\_2019.xml<br>_Original FGDC Metadata_ | View | 13.19 KB | | NV\_MD\_Area6\_SheepCreek\_WinterRange30\_Ver1\_2019.cpg | | 5 Bytes | | NV\_MD\_Area6\_SheepCreek\_WinterRange30\_Ver1\_2019.dbf | | 406 Bytes | | NV\_MD\_Area6\_SheepCreek\_WinterRange30\_Ver1\_2019.prj | | 435 Bytes | | NV\_MD\_Area6\_SheepCreek\_WinterRange30\_Ver1\_2019.sbn | | 292 Bytes | | NV\_MD\_Area6\_SheepCreek\_WinterRange30\_Ver1\_2019.sbx | | 132 Bytes | | NV\_MD\_Area6\_SheepCreek\_WinterRange30\_Ver1\_2019.shp | | 56.34 KB | | NV\_MD\_Area6\_SheepCreek\_WinterRange30\_Ver1\_2019.shx | | 236 Bytes | Shapefile: NV\_MD\_Area6\_SheepCreek\_WinterRange30\_Ver1\_2019.zip ## Related External Resources Type: Map Viewer | | | | --- | --- | | Western Migrations Data Viewer | [https://westernmigrations.net](https://westernmigrations.net "https://westernmigrations.net") | Type: Related Primary Publication | | | | --- | --- | | Ungulate Migrations of the Western United States | [https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205101](https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205101 "https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205101") | ## Purpose Across the western United States, many ungulate herds must migrate seasonally to access resources and avoid harsh winter conditions. Because these corridors traverse vast landscapes (i.e., up to 150 miles), they are increasingly threatened by roads, fencing, subdivisions and other development. Over the last decade, many new tracking studies have been conducted on migratory herds, and analytical methods have been developed that allow for population-level corridors and stopovers to be mapped and prioritized. In 2018, the U.S. Geological Survey assembled a Corridor Mapping Team to provide technical assistance to western states working to map bison, elk, moose, mule deer, and pronghorn corridors using existing GPS data. Based out of the Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, the team consists of federal scientists, university researchers, and biologists and analysts from participating state agencies. In its first year, the team has worked to develop a standardized analytical and computational methods and a workflow applicable to data sets typically collected by state agencies. In 2019, the team completed analyses necessary to map corridors, stopovers, and winter ranges in Arizona, Idaho, Nevada, Utah, and Wyoming. A total of 26 corridors, 16 migration routes, 25 stopovers, and 9 winter ranges, were mapped across these states and are included in this project. The Ungulate Migrations of the Western United States report and associated map archive provides the means for corridors to be taken into account by state and federal transportation officials, land and wildlife managers, planners, and other conservationists working to maintain big game corridors in the western states. ## [Map](/catalog/item/imap/5f8db57b82ce32418791d542) [](/catalog/item/imap/5f8db57b82ce32418791d542) ## Spatial Services ScienceBase WMS ScienceBase WFS ## Communities - Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units ## Tags Categories - [Data](/catalog/items?q=&filter=browseCategory%3DData "Data") Theme - [animal behavior](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3Danimal+behavior "animal behavior (animal behavior, Theme, USGS Thesaurus)") - [biota](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3Dbiota "biota (biota, Theme, ISO 19115 Topic Category)") - [migration (organisms)](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3Dmigration+%28organisms%29 "migration (organisms) (migration (organisms), Theme, USGS Thesaurus)") - [migratory species](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3Dmigratory+species "migratory species (migratory species, Theme, USGS Thesaurus)") - [winter range](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3Dwinter+range "winter range (winter range, Theme, USGS Thesaurus)") Place - [Carlin](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3DCarlin "Carlin (Carlin, Place, Common geographic areas)") - [Nevada](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3DNevada "Nevada (Nevada, Place, Common geographic areas)") - [USA](/catalog/items?q=&filter=tags%3DUSA "USA (USA, Place, Common geographic areas)") Types - [Downloadable](/catalog/items?q=&filter=browseType%3DDownloadable "Downloadable") - [Map Service](/catalog/items?q=&filter=browseType%3DMap+Service "Map Service") - [OGC WFS Layer](/catalog/items?q=&filter=browseType%3DOGC+WFS+Layer "OGC WFS Layer") - [OGC WMS Layer](/catalog/items?q=&filter=browseType%3DOGC+WMS+Layer "OGC WMS Layer") - [Shapefile](/catalog/items?q=&filter=browseType%3DShapefile "Shapefile") ## Provenance ## Additional Information ### Shapefile Extension | boundingBox | | minY | 40.638815696470296 | | minX | -117.04917993021343 | | maxY | 41.34964559813976 | | maxX | -116.13015789273142 | | | files | | name | NV\_MD\_Area6\_SheepCreek\_WinterRange30\_Ver1\_2019.cpg | | contentType | text/plain | | pathOnDisk | \_\_disk\_\_49/68/a8/4968a8c7bddd42abdc32e6962357e6bbac031a40 | | imageWidth | 580 | | imageHeight | 435 | | size | 5 | | dateUploaded | Mon Oct 19 09:49:15 MDT 2020 | | name | NV\_MD\_Area6\_SheepCreek\_WinterRange30\_Ver1\_2019.dbf | | contentType | application/unknown | | pathOnDisk | \_\_disk\_\_14/2e/fb/142efb3397b87aba959f314a809f5717e316c1f3 | | size | 406 | | dateUploaded | Mon Oct 19 09:49:15 MDT 2020 | | name | NV\_MD\_Area6\_SheepCreek\_WinterRange30\_Ver1\_2019.prj | | contentType | text/plain | | pathOnDisk | \_\_disk\_\_8e/14/63/8e146300df6740b38549c6bbfe9b02406f08b6a5 | | imageWidth | 580 | | imageHeight | 435 | | size | 435 | | dateUploaded | Mon Oct 19 09:49:15 MDT 2020 | | name | NV\_MD\_Area6\_SheepCreek\_WinterRange30\_Ver1\_2019.sbn | | contentType | x-gis/x-shapefile | | pathOnDisk | \_\_disk\_\_b7/87/79/b78779a257dd7be21e8cf787344415298accf5ff | | size | 292 | | dateUploaded | Mon Oct 19 09:49:15 MDT 2020 | | name | NV\_MD\_Area6\_SheepCreek\_WinterRange30\_Ver1\_2019.sbx | | contentType | x-gis/x-shapefile | | pathOnDisk | \_\_disk\_\_ae/3a/37/ae3a37f339a8096d5e279e7f251d6d093cc1cbb7 | | size | 132 | | dateUploaded | Mon Oct 19 09:49:15 MDT 2020 | | name | NV\_MD\_Area6\_SheepCreek\_WinterRange30\_Ver1\_2019.shp | | contentType | x-gis/x-shapefile | | pathOnDisk | \_\_disk\_\_30/db/9d/30db9d85df60c4a6edde1d82de113c43e3759006 | | size | 57692 | | dateUploaded | Mon Oct 19 09:49:15 MDT 2020 | | name | NV\_MD\_Area6\_SheepCreek\_WinterRange30\_Ver1\_2019.shx | | contentType | x-gis/x-shapefile | | pathOnDisk | \_\_disk\_\_0e/f0/5d/0ef05d4d2398a7b115591e147078c286c7bdf587 | | size | 236 | | dateUploaded | Mon Oct 19 09:49:15 MDT 2020 | | name | NV\_MD\_Area6\_SheepCreek\_WinterRange30\_Ver1\_2019.xml | | contentType | application/fgdc+xml | | pathOnDisk | \_\_disk\_\_d6/01/de/d601de05329cad14a2a89ab34d6ec27595728cfe | | dateUploaded | Sat Aug 27 22:15:47 MDT 2022 | | originalMetadata | true | | checksum | | value | 4e93425a6ef406b4d5a9eb10ae9ea4ed | | type | MD5 | | | | geometryType | MultiPolygon | | name | NV\_MD\_Area6\_SheepCreek\_WinterRange30\_Ver1\_2019 | | nativeCrs | EPSG:5070 | ... show more ... 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b"<metadata><idinfo><citation><citeinfo><origin>Cody Schroeder</origin><origin>Hall Sawyer</origin><pubdate>20201109</pubdate><title>Winter ranges of mule deer in the Sheep Creek Range, Nevada</title><edition>Version 1.0</edition><geoform>vector digital data</geoform><onlink>https://doi.org/10.5066/P9O2YM6I</onlink><lworkcit><citeinfo><origin>Matthew Kauffman</origin><origin>Holly Copeland</origin><origin>Jodi Berg</origin><origin>Scott Bergen</origin><origin>Eric K. Cole</origin><origin>Matthew Cuzzocreo</origin><origin>Sarah Dewey</origin><origin>Julien Fattebert</origin><origin>Jeff Gagnon</origin><origin>Emily Gelzer</origin><origin>Chris Geremia</origin><origin>Tabitha Graves</origin><origin>Kent Hersey</origin><origin>Mark Hurley</origin><origin>Rusty Kaiser</origin><origin>James Meacham</origin><origin>Jerod Merkle</origin><origin>Arthur Middleton</origin><origin>Tristan Nunez</origin><origin>Brendan Oates</origin><origin>Daniel Olson</origin><origin>Lucas Olson</origin><origin>Hall Sawyer</origin><origin>Cody Schroeder</origin><origin>Scott Sprague</origin><origin>Alethea Steingisser</origin><origin>Mark Thonhoff</origin><pubdate>20201001</pubdate><title>Ungulate Migrations of the Western United States</title><geoform>publication</geoform><onlink>https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205101</onlink></citeinfo></lworkcit></citeinfo></citation><descript><abstract>Mule deer in the Sheep Creek sub herd are part of the larger Area 6 herd that occupies portions of Elko, Lander, and Eureka counties. The primary winter range of this population is located along the eastern flank of the Sheep Creek Range and the west side of Boulder Valley. Most deer migrate approximately 30 miles from winter ranges in upper Boulder Creek and Antelope Creek drainages to summer ranges on the west side of the Tuscarora Mountains. However, some deer in this population migrate much farther \xe2\x80\x93 approximately 80 miles \xe2\x80\x93 and connect with mule deer that summer east of the Humboldt River. This deer herd faces several challenges, including migration routes that pass through increased mineral extraction activities in the Carlin Mine area, invasion of exotic annual grasses on winter range, increased wildfires on winter range, and deteriorated range conditions on many stopover sites and winter range due to overgrazing by livestock.\n\nThese data provide the location of winter ranges for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in the Sheep Creek Range, Nevada. They were developed from Brownian bridge movement models (Sawyer et al. 2009) using 58 migration sequences collected from a sample size of 34 animals comprising GPS locations collected every 1-25 hours.</abstract><purpose>Across the western United States, many ungulate herds must migrate seasonally to access resources and avoid harsh winter conditions. Because these corridors traverse vast landscapes (i.e., up to 150 miles), they are increasingly threatened by roads, fencing, subdivisions and other development. Over the last decade, many new tracking studies have been conducted on migratory herds, and analytical methods have been developed that allow for population-level corridors and stopovers to be mapped and prioritized. In 2018, the U.S. Geological Survey assembled a Corridor Mapping Team to provide technical assistance to western states working to map bison, elk, moose, mule deer, and pronghorn corridors using existing GPS data. Based out of the Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, the team consists of federal scientists, university researchers, and biologists and analysts from participating state agencies. In its first year, the team has worked to develop a standardized analytical and computational methods and a workflow applicable to data sets typically collected by state agencies. In 2019, the team completed analyses necessary to map corridors, stopovers, and winter ranges in Arizona, Idaho, Nevada, Utah, and Wyoming. A total of 26 corridors, 16 migration routes, 25 stopovers, and 9 winter ranges, were mapped across these states and are included in this project. The Ungulate Migrations of the Western United States report and associated map archive provides the means for corridors to be taken into account by state and federal transportation officials, land and wildlife managers, planners, and other conservationists working to maintain big game corridors in the western states.</purpose></descript><timeperd><timeinfo><rngdates><begdate>20110101</begdate><enddate>20171201</enddate></rngdates></timeinfo><current>observed</current></timeperd><status><progress>Complete</progress><update>As needed</update></status><spdom><bounding><westbc>-117.0492</westbc><eastbc>-116.1302</eastbc><northbc>41.3496</northbc><southbc>40.6388</southbc></bounding><descgeog>Battle Mountain</descgeog></spdom><keywords><theme><themekt>ISO 19115 Topic Category</themekt><themekey>biota</themekey></theme><theme><themekt>USGS Thesaurus</themekt><themekey>migration (organisms)</themekey><themekey>migratory species</themekey><themekey>animal behavior</themekey><themekey>winter range</themekey></theme><theme><themekt>USGS Metadata Identifier</themekt><themekey>USGS:5f8db57b82ce32418791d542</themekey></theme><place><placekt>Common geographic areas</placekt><placekey>Carlin</placekey><placekey>Nevada</placekey><placekey>USA</placekey></place></keywords><accconst>None. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details.</accconst><useconst>Users are required to properly attribute this dataset. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations.</useconst><ptcontac><cntinfo><cntperp><cntper>Cody Schroeder</cntper><cntorg>Nevada Department of Wildlife</cntorg></cntperp><cntpos>Mule Deer Staff Specialist</cntpos><cntaddr><addrtype>mailing and physical</addrtype><address>6980 Sierra Center Pkwy Suite 120</address><city>Reno</city><state>Nevada</state><postal>89509</postal><country>USA</country></cntaddr><cntvoice>775-688-1659</cntvoice><cntemail>[email protected]</cntemail></cntinfo></ptcontac><datacred>Nevada Department of Wildlife, Wildlife Heritage Trust Account, University of Nevada Reno</datacred><crossref><citeinfo><origin>Hall Sawyer</origin><origin>Matthew J. Kauffman</origin><origin>Ryan M. Nielson</origin><origin>Jon S. Horne</origin><pubdate>200912</pubdate><title>Identifying and prioritizing ungulate migration routes for landscape-level conservation</title><geoform>publication</geoform><serinfo><sername>Ecological Applications</sername><issue>vol. 19, issue 8</issue></serinfo><pubinfo><pubplace>n/a</pubplace><publish>Wiley</publish></pubinfo><othercit>ppg. 2016-2025</othercit><onlink>https://doi.org/10.1890/08-2034.1</onlink></citeinfo></crossref><taxonomy><keywtax><taxonkt>None</taxonkt><taxonkey>Odocoileus hemionus</taxonkey></keywtax><taxoncl><taxonrn>Kingdom</taxonrn><taxonrv>Animalia</taxonrv><taxoncl><taxonrn>Subkingdom</taxonrn><taxonrv>Bilateria</taxonrv><taxoncl><taxonrn>Infrakingdom</taxonrn><taxonrv>Deuterostomia</taxonrv><taxoncl><taxonrn>Phylum</taxonrn><taxonrv>Chordata</taxonrv><taxoncl><taxonrn>Subphylum</taxonrn><taxonrv>Vertebrata</taxonrv><taxoncl><taxonrn>Infraphylum</taxonrn><taxonrv>Gnathostomata</taxonrv><taxoncl><taxonrn>Superclass</taxonrn><taxonrv>Tetrapoda</taxonrv><taxoncl><taxonrn>Class</taxonrn><taxonrv>Mammalia</taxonrv><taxoncl><taxonrn>Subclass</taxonrn><taxonrv>Theria</taxonrv><taxoncl><taxonrn>Infraclass</taxonrn><taxonrv>Eutheria</taxonrv><taxoncl><taxonrn>Order</taxonrn><taxonrv>Artiodactyla</taxonrv><taxoncl><taxonrn>Family</taxonrn><taxonrv>Cervidae</taxonrv><taxoncl><taxonrn>Subfamily</taxonrn><taxonrv>Capreolinae</taxonrv><taxoncl><taxonrn>Genus</taxonrn><taxonrv>Odocoileus</taxonrv><common>mule deer</common><taxoncl><taxonrn>Species</taxonrn><taxonrv>Odocoileus hemionus</taxonrv><common>TSN: 180698</common></taxoncl></taxoncl></taxoncl></taxoncl></taxoncl></taxoncl></taxoncl></taxoncl></taxoncl></taxoncl></taxoncl></taxoncl></taxoncl></taxoncl></taxoncl></taxonomy></idinfo><dataqual><attracc><attraccr>We checked to ensure values were in expected ranges (e.g. locations of corridors were as expected, and dates of GPS observations were consistent with the project time period), completeness, and there were no errors of omission.</attraccr></attracc><logic>We checked to ensure values were in expected ranges and locations (e.g. locations of corridors were as expected, and dates of GPS observations were consistent with the project time period).</logic><complete>Data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.</complete><posacc><horizpa><horizpar>We checked to ensure there were no locations outside of the expected regions.</horizpar></horizpa><vertacc><vertaccr>We checked to ensure there were no locations outside of the expected regions.</vertaccr></vertacc></posacc><lineage><procstep><procdesc>We applied a three-step process to calculate population-level corridors and to identify stopovers, which generally followed the approach outlined by Sawyer et al. (2009). First, we averaged the utilization distribution (UD) for a given individual\xe2\x80\x99s spring and fall migration sequences across all years to produce a single, individual-level migration UD. We rescaled this averaged UD to sum to one. We then defined a migration footprint for each individual as the 99% isopleth of this UD. We stacked up all the individual footprints for a given population, and defined different levels of corridor use based on the number of individuals using a given pixel. We defined low-use corridors as areas traversed by \xe2\x89\xa51 individual during migration, medium-use corridors were used by \xe2\x89\xa510% of individuals within the population, and high-use corridors were used by \xe2\x89\xa520% individuals within the population. We then converted these corridors from a raster format to a polygon/vector format. Furthermore, we removed polygons of less than 20,000 m2 (i.e., less than approximately 5 acres), which can represent spatially isolated use by just a single animal and do not meet the definition of a corridor.</procdesc><procdate>20200518</procdate></procstep></lineage></dataqual><spdoinfo><direct>Vector</direct><ptvctinf><sdtsterm><sdtstype>G-polygon</sdtstype><ptvctcnt>17</ptvctcnt></sdtsterm></ptvctinf></spdoinfo><spref><horizsys><planar><mapproj><mapprojn>Albers Conical Equal Area</mapprojn><albers><stdparll>29.5</stdparll><stdparll>45.5</stdparll><longcm>-96.0</longcm><latprjo>23.0</latprjo><feast>0.0</feast><fnorth>0.0</fnorth></albers></mapproj><planci><plance>coordinate pair</plance><coordrep><absres>0.6096</absres><ordres>0.6096</ordres></coordrep><plandu>meters</plandu></planci></planar><geodetic><horizdn>North_American_Datum_1983</horizdn><ellips>GRS_1980</ellips><semiaxis>6378137.0</semiaxis><denflat>298.257222101</denflat></geodetic></horizsys></spref><eainfo><detailed><enttyp><enttypl>NV_MD_Area6_SheepCreek_WinterRange_Ver1_2019.shp Attribute Table</enttypl><enttypd>Table containing attribute information associated with the data set.</enttypd><enttypds>Producer Defined</enttypds></enttyp><attr><attrlabl>FID</attrlabl><attrdef>Internal feature number.</attrdef><attrdefs>ESRI</attrdefs><attrdomv><udom>Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.</udom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>Shape</attrlabl><attrdef>Feature geometry.</attrdef><attrdefs>ESRI</attrdefs><attrdomv><udom>Coordinates defining the features.</udom></attrdomv></attr><attr><attrlabl>GRIDCODE</attrlabl><attrdef>Percent of the winter range of the population</attrdef><attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs><attrdomv><udom>30% winter range</udom></attrdomv></attr></detailed></eainfo><distinfo><distrib><cntinfo><cntorgp><cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase</cntorg></cntorgp><cntaddr><addrtype>mailing and physical</addrtype><address>Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302</address><city>Denver</city><state>CO</state><postal>80225</postal><country>USA</country></cntaddr><cntvoice>1-888-275-8747</cntvoice><cntemail>[email protected]</cntemail></cntinfo></distrib><distliab>The Nevada Department of Wildlife will retain ownership of the data provided and must approve of any additional use before other analyses, research, or publications are initiated. The burden for determining fitness for use lies entirely with the user. For purposes of publication or dissemination, citations, or credit should be given to the Nevada Department of Wildlife.</distliab><stdorder><digform><digtinfo><formname>Digital Data</formname></digtinfo><digtopt><onlinopt><computer><networka><networkr>https://doi.org/10.5066/P9O2YM6I</networkr></networka></computer></onlinopt></digtopt></digform><fees>none</fees></stdorder></distinfo><metainfo><metd>20220824</metd><metc><cntinfo><cntorgp><cntorg>US Geological Survey, Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Wyoming</cntorg><cntper>Matthew Kauffman</cntper></cntorgp><cntaddr><addrtype>mailing and physical</addrtype><address>1000 E University Ave, Dept 3166</address><city>Laramie</city><state>WY</state><postal>82071</postal></cntaddr><cntvoice>307-766-6404</cntvoice><cntemail>[email protected]</cntemail></cntinfo></metc><metstdn>FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata</metstdn><metstdv>FGDC-STD-001.1-1999</metstdv></metainfo></metadata>"

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