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QRQA-10328-1
A particle that is in the desert is likely _____ compared to one in the arctic.
{ "text": [ "faster", "slower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
At higher temperatures, particles of reactants have more energy, so they move faster. They are more likely to bump into one another and to collide with greater force.
QRSent-10328
{ "effect_prop": "movement speed", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperatures" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "faster", "less_effect_dir": "slower", "less_cause_prop": "particle", "more_effect_prop": "particle", "less_effect_prop": "particle", "less_cause_dir": "particle" }
QRQA-10403-5-flip
John looked at the graphs and noticed something. As the population of people grew smaller, the rate of global warming was
{ "text": [ "Less", "Greater" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
For example, more people on the Earth means more people contributing to global warming and pollution.
QRSent-10403
{ "effect_prop": "warming", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "contributing to", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "people" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "population of people", "more_effect_prop": "rate of global warming", "less_effect_prop": "rate of global warming", "less_cause_dir": "rate of global warming" }
QRQA-10218-5-flip
If Mary decreases the resistance of her electrical circuit, what will happen to the current in that circuit?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
We can say that resistance and current in an electric circuit areinversely proportional, because as the one increases, the other decreases, and vice versa.
QRSent-10218
{ "effect_prop": "current", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "resistance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "current", "more_effect_prop": "circuit", "less_effect_prop": "circuit", "less_cause_dir": "circuit" }
QRQA-10085-4
Chris ran a wire 3 foot long. Ron ran a wire 10 foot long. If all else was the same, the wire that Ron had
{ "text": [ "more resistance", "less resistance." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Longer wires have more resistance than shorter wires.
QRSent-10085
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "longer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wire" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "wire", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10100-2-flip
Karen is observing an electromagnetic wave and how it travels from its source. This wave travels near to its source, because the energy is diluted
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
However, the energy is diluted as an electromagnetic wave travels farther from its source because it spreads out over an ever-larger area.
QRSent-10100
{ "effect_prop": "diluted energy", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "diluted", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "travel distance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more diluted", "less_effect_dir": "less diluted", "less_cause_prop": "wave", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10062-3
Harry was installing a TV mount. He drills into the wall with a screw that has 20 threads. If he used a screw of the same size with 30 threads, it would take _____ turns to put it in.
{ "text": [ "fewer", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The trade-off when the threads are closer together, is that more turns of the screw or bolt are needed to do the job because the distance over which the input force must be applied is greater.
QRSent-10062
{ "effect_prop": "turns of the screw needed", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "threads closer together" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "screw", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10083-2
Ian wants to have a very strong electrostatic force, so he will make sure that his charged objects are
{ "text": [ "closer", "farther" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The closer the charged objects are, the stronger the electrostatic force.
QRSent-10083
{ "effect_prop": "strong", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "close" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "very strong", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "charged objects", "more_effect_prop": "electrostatic force", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10048-1
If the rate of flow in a river were reduced, what would happen to the size of sediment particles being deposited on the riverbed?
{ "text": [ "smaller particles would be deposited", "larger particles would be deposited" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The size of the eroded particles depends on the velocity of the water. Eventually, the water deposits the materials. As water slows, larger particles are deposited. As the water slows even more, smaller particles are deposited.
QRSent-10048
{ "effect_prop": "smaller size of particles deposited", "cause_dir_str": "slows", "effect_dir_str": "smaller", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "water speed" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "rate of flow", "more_effect_prop": "particles", "less_effect_prop": "particles", "less_cause_dir": "particles" }
QRQA-10161-4-flip
The electron levels furthest from the nucleus of an atom have _____ energy than those further away.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As you go farther from the nucleus of an atom, the electron levels have more and more energy.
QRSent-10161
{ "effect_prop": "energy of the electron levels", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance from the nucleus of an atom" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "electron", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10280-3
As more solar panels are made the price of them will
{ "text": [ "go up", "go down" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Solar power is expensive, but as demand increases technology improves and costs decrease.
QRSent-10280
{ "effect_prop": "prices", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decrease", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "demand" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "go up", "less_effect_dir": "go down", "less_cause_prop": "solar panels made", "more_effect_prop": "price", "less_effect_prop": "price", "less_cause_dir": "price" }
QRQA-10080-1
Compared to a solution of lye with water, which is strongly basic, would vinegar, which is acidic, have a pH value
{ "text": [ "closer to 0", "farther away from 0?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more acidic a solution is, the closer its pH value will be to 0
QRSent-10080
{ "effect_prop": "the pH value of the solution", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "closer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "the acidity of a solution" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "closer to 0", "less_effect_dir": "farther away from 0", "less_cause_prop": "lye", "more_effect_prop": "pH value", "less_effect_prop": "pH value", "less_cause_dir": "pH value" }
QRQA-10178-4
As we work to develop things our technology levels as a species
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The development of better missiles fostered better rocket technologies.
QRSent-10178
{ "effect_prop": "technology", "cause_dir_str": "better", "effect_dir_str": "better", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "development" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "technology levels", "less_effect_prop": "technology levels", "less_cause_dir": "technology levels" }
QRQA-10279-2-flip
If Mona makes some clay balls and removes clay from them, decreasing their mass, what happens to the gravitational pull between the two clay balls?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The greater the mass of the objects, the stronger the gravitational pull between them.
QRSent-10279
{ "effect_prop": "gravitational pull", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "clay balls", "more_effect_prop": "gravitational pull", "less_effect_prop": "gravitational pull", "less_cause_dir": "gravitational pull" }
QRQA-10238-5-flip
Erin was going to see the elephants in the jungle. If the jungle is larger than it was 20 years ago, then what has likely happened to the population of the elephants?
{ "text": [ "it has decreased", "it has increased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The forest habitat of elephants has also decreased in size due to humans moving in, so the numbers of the elephants have decreased.
QRSent-10238
{ "effect_prop": "numbers of the elephants", "cause_dir_str": "decreased", "effect_dir_str": "decreased", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "forest habitat of elephants" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increased", "less_effect_dir": "decreased", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "population of the elephants", "less_effect_prop": "population of the elephants", "less_cause_dir": "population of the elephants" }
QRQA-10240-2-flip
When we see something close it looks
{ "text": [ "bigger", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
If you are standing on the shore and a ship is going out to sea, the ship gets smaller as it moves further away from you.
QRSent-10240
{ "effect_prop": "size", "cause_dir_str": "further away", "effect_dir_str": "smaller", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "distance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "bigger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "size", "less_effect_prop": "size", "less_cause_dir": "size" }
QRQA-10038-1-flip
Dan hits a car with his car. Dan was going only twenty miles an hour, and the other car was stopped. If Dan had hit the car going forty miles an hour, the stopped car would be moved
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The harder the batter hits the ball, the greater will be its acceleration.
QRSent-10038
{ "effect_prop": "acceleration", "cause_dir_str": "harder", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "hit" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "Dan was going", "more_effect_prop": "stopped car would be moved", "less_effect_prop": "stopped car would be moved", "less_cause_dir": "stopped car would be moved" }
QRQA-10174-1
Kate makes a machine that is very productive, and it gets work done quickly, because it uses force in amounts that are
{ "text": [ "lesser", "greater" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Machines make work easier by increasing the amount of force that is applied, increasing the distance over which the force is applied, or changing the direction in which the force is applied.
QRSent-10174
{ "effect_prop": "easy", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "easier", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "force" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "quickly", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "force", "more_effect_prop": "work done", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10378-5
If Jim lowers the temperature of water in his bathtub, what happens to the density of the water?
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Water becomes more dense when it is colder and when it has more salt.
QRSent-10378
{ "effect_prop": "Water becomes more dense", "cause_dir_str": "colder", "effect_dir_str": "more dense", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "colder" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "density", "less_effect_prop": "density", "less_cause_dir": "density" }
QRQA-10310-5-flip
When it is very warm what happens to the speed of items?
{ "text": [ "speed up", "slow down" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
For a given medium, sound waves travel more slowly at lower temperatures.
QRSent-10310
{ "effect_prop": "speed", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "more slowly", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "speed up", "less_effect_dir": "slow down", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "speed", "less_effect_prop": "speed", "less_cause_dir": "speed" }
QRQA-10391-4
John was looking at the rock layers at the bottom of the cliff. He saw that as the layers became deeper, they also became
{ "text": [ "Newer", "older" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The main law is the law of superposition. This law states that deeper rock layers are older than layers closer to the surface.
QRSent-10391
{ "effect_prop": "layers", "cause_dir_str": "deeper", "effect_dir_str": "older", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "deepness" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "older", "less_effect_dir": "newer", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "layers", "less_effect_prop": "layers", "less_cause_dir": "layers" }
QRQA-10354-4
If Jim wants to lower the pH of his solution he should do what to the concentration of hydrogen ions inside of it?
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
With a higher the concentration of hydrogen ions, a solution is more acidic and has a lower pH.
QRSent-10354
{ "effect_prop": "pH", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "lower", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "oncentration of hydrogen ions" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "concentration of hydrogen ions", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "pH of his solution", "less_cause_dir": "pH of his solution" }
QRQA-10085-2
If Mona is building an electrical machine and she increases the length of the wire feeding power to it, what happens to the resistance of that wire?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Longer wires have more resistance than shorter wires.
QRSent-10085
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "longer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Longer wires" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10048-3
More particles are deposited when a river's speed
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The size of the eroded particles depends on the velocity of the water. Eventually, the water deposits the materials. As water slows, larger particles are deposited. As the water slows even more, smaller particles are deposited.
QRSent-10048
{ "effect_prop": "deposited particles", "cause_dir_str": "slows", "effect_dir_str": "smaller", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "water speed" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "speed", "more_effect_prop": "particles are deposited", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10384-4
Polly gets her planet to reduce greenhouse gas levels. The global temperature as a result likely
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
A decrease in greenhouse gas levels decreases global temperature and an increase raises global temperature.
QRSent-10384
{ "effect_prop": "global temperature", "cause_dir_str": "decrease", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "greenhouse gas levels" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "greenhouse gas levels", "more_effect_prop": "global temperature global temperature", "less_effect_prop": "global temperature global temperature", "less_cause_dir": "global temperature global temperature" }
QRQA-10309-1-flip
A dog, compared to an elephant, will have a number of electrons that is
{ "text": [ "larger", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Bigger atoms have more electrons.
QRSent-10309
{ "effect_prop": "electrons", "cause_dir_str": "bigger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "size" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "dog", "more_effect_prop": "number of electrons", "less_effect_prop": "number of electrons", "less_cause_dir": "number of electrons" }
QRQA-10186-4-flip
Sally is pulling two wagons. The red wagon is full of sand, and the blue wagon is empty. The wagon that will be easier to pull is the
{ "text": [ "red wagon", "blue wagon" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The full box is harder to move because it has greater mass and therefore greater inertia.
QRSent-10186
{ "effect_prop": "inertia", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "easier", "less_cause_prop": "wagon", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "to pull", "less_cause_dir": "to pull" }
QRQA-10355-4
If an eighteen wheeler and a small wagon are both rolling down a small hill, which has the most momentum?
{ "text": [ "small wagon", "eighteen wheeler" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
An object has greater momentum if it has greater mass, greater velocity, or both.
QRSent-10355
{ "effect_prop": "momentum", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "most", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "wagon", "more_effect_prop": "momentum", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10041-5-flip
Don sees wavelengths using a spectrometer. A wavelength that is very long likely has a _____ frequency compared to a longer one.
{ "text": [ "lower", "higher" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Because all electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed through space, a wave with a shorter wavelength must have a higher frequency, and vice versa.
QRSent-10041
{ "effect_prop": "wavelengths", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "shorter", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "frequencies of wavelength" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "very long", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "frequency", "more_effect_prop": "wavelength", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10231-2-flip
If Mary is building a rocket and she wants it to fly as low as possible, what should she do to the mass of the rocket?
{ "text": [ "increase it", "decrease it" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
By using multiple stages, empty fuel containers could drop away. This reduced the mass of the rocket so that it could fly higher.
QRSent-10231
{ "effect_prop": "fly higher", "cause_dir_str": "reduced", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass of the rocket" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "fly", "less_cause_prop": "mass", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "lower", "less_cause_dir": "lower" }
QRQA-10366-2
As Betty gets older her chances of contracting breast cancer
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Breast cancer is rare in teens but becomes more common as females get older.
QRSent-10366
{ "effect_prop": "Breast cancer", "cause_dir_str": "older", "effect_dir_str": "more common", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "females get older" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "chances of contracting breast cancer", "less_effect_prop": "chances of contracting breast cancer", "less_cause_dir": "chances of contracting breast cancer" }
QRQA-10110-4
Thea moved to a town that has greater differences in air pressure than her hometown. The new city likely experiences _____ wind.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Differences in air pressure over the surface of the Earth result in wind. The greater the differences in air pressures, the stronger the wind.
QRSent-10110
{ "effect_prop": "wind", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "differences in air pressures" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "wind", "less_effect_prop": "wind", "less_cause_dir": "wind" }
QRQA-10035-4
A pH value of 6 has a _____ acidity level than a pH value of 8.
{ "text": [ "lower", "higher" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Acids have pH values below 7. The lower the pH value, the more strongly acidic the substance.
QRSent-10035
{ "effect_prop": "acidity", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "more strongly", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "pH value" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "pH value", "more_effect_prop": "acidity", "less_effect_prop": "acidity", "less_cause_dir": "acidity" }
QRQA-10144-2-flip
Carter puts two rocks outside; one is a soft pebble, the other is a solid stone. A year later, he checks on the rocks. The soft pebble is not there because it has a resistance that is
{ "text": [ "greater", "lesser" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Different types of rocks weather at different rates. More resistant types of rocks will remain longer.
QRSent-10144
{ "effect_prop": "lasting", "cause_dir_str": "more resistant", "effect_dir_str": "longer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "resistant" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "not there", "less_cause_prop": "resistance", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "soft pebble", "less_cause_dir": "soft pebble" }
QRQA-10284-2
Ulysses pilots his drill ship deep into the Earth's core. His ship is subjected to _____ temperature and pressure than at the surface.
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As the rocks move deeper into the Earth, temperature and pressure increase.
QRSent-10284
{ "effect_prop": "temperature and pressure", "cause_dir_str": "deeper", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "deeper into the Earth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "drill ship", "more_effect_prop": "temperature and pressure", "less_effect_prop": "temperature and pressure", "less_cause_dir": "temperature and pressure" }
QRQA-10189-2
John was watching the two men fighting and shoving each other. He observed that the harder they push, their movement will become
{ "text": [ "Greater", "Lesser" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When two skateboarders push against each other, it causes them to move apart. The harder they push together, the farther apart they move.
QRSent-10189
{ "effect_prop": "movement", "cause_dir_str": "harder", "effect_dir_str": "farther", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "push" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "lesser", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "movement", "less_effect_prop": "movement", "less_cause_dir": "movement" }
QRQA-10295-5-flip
If an object gains more charge, it will _____ electrostatic force.
{ "text": [ "lose", "gain" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more charged the objects are, the stronger the electrostatic force between them.
QRSent-10295
{ "effect_prop": "electrostatic force", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "charged the objects are" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "gain", "less_effect_dir": "lose", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "electrostatic force", "less_effect_prop": "electrostatic force", "less_cause_dir": "electrostatic force" }
QRQA-10264-4
Bob watched the rocket as it shoots into the sky. He sees that as the gases exiting the nozzle go faster, the rocket goes
{ "text": [ "faster", "slower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The rocket goes upwards because the hot gases shoot downwards out of the nozzle. The faster the gases go downwards, the faster the rocket goes upwards.
QRSent-10264
{ "effect_prop": "faster", "cause_dir_str": "faster", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "gases" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "faster", "less_effect_dir": "slower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "rocket", "less_effect_prop": "rocket", "less_cause_dir": "rocket" }
QRQA-10058-4-flip
Eric notices an decrease in antibiotic resistance in a certain bacteria. The mutation that causes the resistance has become _____ common
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Bacteria with a mutation the helps resist antibiotics increase in numbers, so the mutation becomes more common.
QRSent-10058
{ "effect_prop": "antibiotics resists in bacteria", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "common mutation" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "common", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "antibiotic resistance", "less_cause_dir": "antibiotic resistance" }
QRQA-10266-3-flip
When we are pumping less water out of a lake the lake's water level will
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As the water is pumped out, the water table slowly falls, requiring wells to be dug deeper, which takes more money and energy.
QRSent-10266
{ "effect_prop": "water in reservoir", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "falls", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "water pumped out" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "water", "more_effect_prop": "lake water level", "less_effect_prop": "lake water level", "less_cause_dir": "lake water level" }
QRQA-10124-4-flip
Eric saw a fast moving particle and a slower one. The slow moving particle has _____ energy than the faster one.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The particles in matter are always moving. The more energy they have, the faster they move.
QRSent-10124
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "faster", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "moving particles" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "particle", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10186-5
When something is very heavy and starts moving what level of energy does it have?
{ "text": [ "high", "low" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The full box is harder to move because it has greater mass and therefore greater inertia.
QRSent-10186
{ "effect_prop": "inertia", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "high", "less_effect_dir": "low", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10253-3
If you were trying to push a box and wanted the one with the most friction which would you push?
{ "text": [ "light box", "Heavy box" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Its harder to overcome friction between heavier objects and the floor than it is between lighter objects and the floor.
QRSent-10253
{ "effect_prop": "friction", "cause_dir_str": "heavier", "effect_dir_str": "harder", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "weight" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "most", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "box", "more_effect_prop": "friction", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10312-4-flip
Steve noticed when looking at the series circuit that as more resistors were subtracted the resistance
{ "text": [ "increased", "decreased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
In a series circuit, the resistance increases as more resistors are added in series.
QRSent-10312
{ "effect_prop": "resistors", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "resistance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "subtracted", "less_cause_prop": "resistance", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "resistors", "less_cause_dir": "resistors" }
QRQA-10297-2
Sandra sees a huge glacier, and notes that it has smaller tributary glaciers flowing into it, in valleys that are
{ "text": [ "shallow", "deep" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Smaller tributary glaciers, like tributary streams, flow into the main glacier in their own shallower U-shaped valleys.
QRSent-10297
{ "effect_prop": "shallow", "cause_dir_str": "smaller", "effect_dir_str": "shallower", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "large glaciers" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "shallow", "less_effect_dir": "deep", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "valley", "less_effect_prop": "valley", "less_cause_dir": "valley" }
QRQA-10264-1
If John increases the rate at which gas exits the bottom of his rocket, what will happen to the upward momentum of the rocket? It will
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The rocket goes upwards because the hot gases shoot downwards out of the nozzle. The faster the gases go downwards, the faster the rocket goes upwards.
QRSent-10264
{ "effect_prop": "upward movement", "cause_dir_str": "faster", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "gas velocity" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "upward momentum", "less_effect_prop": "upward momentum", "less_cause_dir": "upward momentum" }
QRQA-10217-5-flip
If we want to decrease resistance in computers we should put more resistors in
{ "text": [ "parallel", "series" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As more resistors are added in series, the total resistance of the circuit increases.
QRSent-10217
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "resistors in series" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "resistors", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10268-3-flip
When we get lower in the air what happens to the temperature?
{ "text": [ "goes up", "goes down" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In the mesosphere, temperature decreases as altitude increases.
QRSent-10268
{ "effect_prop": "temperature", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "altitude" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "goes up", "less_effect_dir": "goes down", "less_cause_prop": "we", "more_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_cause_dir": "temperature" }
QRQA-10173-2
If Mona upgrades her old computer to a more powerful model, what happens to the amount of work her computer can do?
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Compared with a less powerful device, a more powerful device can either do more work in the same time or do the same work in less time.
QRSent-10173
{ "effect_prop": "more work", "cause_dir_str": "more powerful", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "powerful device" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "amount of work", "less_effect_prop": "amount of work", "less_cause_dir": "amount of work" }
QRQA-10248-2-flip
If Mona is pushing a sled and she begins to get energized, her energy levels rise. What happens to the movement of the sled?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As the liquid particles lose energy, their movement slows down even more. As their movements become slower and slower, the attractive forces between become stronger.
QRSent-10248
{ "effect_prop": "movement slows", "cause_dir_str": "lose", "effect_dir_str": "slows down even more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "energy" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "movement of the sled", "less_effect_prop": "movement of the sled", "less_cause_dir": "movement of the sled" }
QRQA-10123-1-flip
If Jim increases a lot of blood from a cut he sustains, what will happen to his blood pressure?
{ "text": [ "it will become lower", "it will become higher" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
If blood volume in the body decreases, blood pressure decreases.
QRSent-10123
{ "effect_prop": "blood pressure", "cause_dir_str": "decreases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "blood volume" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "blood pressure", "less_effect_prop": "blood pressure", "less_cause_dir": "blood pressure" }
QRQA-10121-3
If there is more surface area on an item then it will have
{ "text": [ "more ribosomes", "less ribosomes" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The folds present in the membrane increase the surface area allowing more ribosomes to be present on the ER, thereby allowing greater protein production.
QRSent-10121
{ "effect_prop": "ribosomes", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "surface area" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "ribosomes", "less_effect_prop": "ribosomes", "less_cause_dir": "ribosomes" }
QRQA-10023-2
The closer to sea level that you get the
{ "text": [ "cooler it is", "warmer it is" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The surface is heated by the Sun and some of that heat radiates back into the air. This makes the temperature higher near the surface than at higher altitudes.
QRSent-10023
{ "effect_prop": "heat", "cause_dir_str": "near the surface", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "elevation" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "warmer", "less_effect_dir": "cooler", "less_cause_prop": "sea level", "more_effect_prop": "heat", "less_effect_prop": "heat", "less_cause_dir": "heat" }
QRQA-10249-5
John is relaxing at the beach watching the waves when the wind begins to pick up. When the wind begins to blow faster, what happens to the size of the waves?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The size of an ocean wave depends on how fast, over how great a distance, and how long the wind blows. The greater each of these factors is, the bigger a wave will be.
QRSent-10249
{ "effect_prop": "size of an ocean wave", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "bigger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wind blows" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "wind", "more_effect_prop": "size of waves", "less_effect_prop": "size of waves", "less_cause_dir": "size of waves" }
QRQA-10183-1
A city will grow larger when the number of people who are there
{ "text": [ "grows", "shrinks" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
More people also means more clearing of land for agriculture and development.
QRSent-10183
{ "effect_prop": "land development", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "people" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "number of people", "more_effect_prop": "city", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10404-4-flip
John was looking at the weather data and making some observations. He saw that with more trees, droughts were
{ "text": [ "Greater", "Lesser" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
With fewer trees, the air is drier and droughts are more common.
QRSent-10404
{ "effect_prop": "droughts", "cause_dir_str": "fewer", "effect_dir_str": "more common", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "trees" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "lesser", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "droughts", "less_effect_prop": "droughts", "less_cause_dir": "droughts" }
QRQA-10387-1
Compared to an obese person who has never exercised, would an Olympic sprinter in perfect condition be more likely to have a heart that can, with each beat, move
{ "text": [ "more blood", "less blood?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When a person exercises regularly, and is fit, the heart undergoes certain long-term adaptations. The heart muscle gets stronger, and expels more blood with each contraction.
QRSent-10387
{ "effect_prop": "amount of blood is pumped with each heart contraction", "cause_dir_str": "stronger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "heart muscle strength" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "move more", "less_effect_dir": "move less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "blood", "less_effect_prop": "blood", "less_cause_dir": "blood" }
QRQA-10164-4
the pilot was looking at the barometer in his airplane. he saw that with an increase in height made the density be
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The density of the atmosphere decreases with an increase in the height above sea level (altitude).
QRSent-10164
{ "effect_prop": "height", "cause_dir_str": "decreases", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "density" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase in", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "density", "more_effect_prop": "height", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10277-5-flip
If Milo makes an effort to use less resources in his day to day life, what will happen to the amount of waste he produces?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Increased resource use generally means more waste; electronic waste from developed nations is a growing problem in the developing world.
QRSent-10277
{ "effect_prop": "waste", "cause_dir_str": "increased", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "resource use" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "resource use", "more_effect_prop": "waste produced", "less_effect_prop": "waste produced", "less_cause_dir": "waste produced" }
QRQA-10334-1
As Carla's baby drank breast milk more vigorously, the milk that was made was
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more the baby suckles, the more prolactin is released, which causes more milk to be produced.
QRSent-10334
{ "effect_prop": "milk produced", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "suckling" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "milk", "less_effect_prop": "milk", "less_cause_dir": "milk" }
QRQA-10259-1-flip
What will happen to the effect on ocean tides if the Moon were to move farther to the Earth?
{ "text": [ "greater effect", "smaller effect" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The Moon has a greater effect on the tides because, although it is much smaller than the Sun, it is much closer.
QRSent-10259
{ "effect_prop": "effect on tides", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance from earth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "effect on ocean tides", "less_effect_prop": "effect on ocean tides", "less_cause_dir": "effect on ocean tides" }
QRQA-10327-1
When quarks are brought together, they experience minimal attraction, but when they're taken further apart, they have an attraction that is
{ "text": [ "greater", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Gluons make quarks attract each other more strongly the farther apart the quarks get.
QRSent-10327
{ "effect_prop": "apart", "cause_dir_str": "more strongly", "effect_dir_str": "farther apart", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "strong" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "taken further apart", "less_effect_dir": "brought together", "less_cause_prop": "attraction", "more_effect_prop": "quarks", "less_effect_prop": "quarks", "less_cause_dir": "quarks" }
QRQA-10184-5-flip
What happens to the rate at which waves move past a particular spot if Jim increases the wavelength of a sound wave?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
This means that as wavelengths get shorter, more waves move past a particular spot in the same amount of time.
QRSent-10184
{ "effect_prop": "waves move past a particular spot in the same amount of time", "cause_dir_str": "shorter", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wavelengths" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "waves move past a particular spot", "less_effect_prop": "waves move past a particular spot", "less_cause_dir": "waves move past a particular spot" }
QRQA-10334-2
Will is one year old and breastfeeds from his mother. He suckles more and more. The mother produces _____ milk in response.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more the baby suckles, the more prolactin is released, which causes more milk to be produced.
QRSent-10334
{ "effect_prop": "prolactin released", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "the baby suckles" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "protein", "less_effect_prop": "protein", "less_cause_dir": "protein" }
QRQA-10386-3
If Milo is playing with his rubber bands and he stretches one out, what can he expect to happen to the resistance as he stretches it tighter?
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The farther you stretch the band, the greater the resistance is.
QRSent-10386
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "stretch the band" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10063-2
If Jimbo decreases the wavelength of the soundwave he is generating, what will happen to the energy carried by that soundwave?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Waves with shorter wavelengths have more energy.
QRSent-10063
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "shorter", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wavelengths" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "wavelength", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10013-3
Sara is in a container representing an object. Her container has 30 balls flying around, representing particles. Tyler is in another container, and his contains 5 balls. Which person's container likely would be under the most pressure?
{ "text": [ "Sara's", "Tyler's" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
More particles inside the container means more collisions, and more collisions mean a higher pressure.
QRSent-10013
{ "effect_prop": "pressure", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "particles in the container" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "most", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "balls", "more_effect_prop": "pressure", "less_effect_prop": "pressure", "less_cause_dir": "pressure" }
QRQA-10186-2-flip
Rita added less food to the box. It is now _____ to move.
{ "text": [ "harder", "easier" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The full box is harder to move because it has greater mass and therefore greater inertia.
QRSent-10186
{ "effect_prop": "harder to move", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "harder", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "full box" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "harder", "less_effect_dir": "easier", "less_cause_prop": "food", "more_effect_prop": "to move", "less_effect_prop": "to move", "less_cause_dir": "to move" }
QRQA-10405-5-flip
A population of squirrels in a local forest had more food available to them this spring than they did last spring. During which spring will more squirrels leave the area to live somewhere else?
{ "text": [ "this spring", "last spring" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Low food supply or a lack of space can lower birth rates, increase death rates, or lead to emigration.
QRSent-10405
{ "effect_prop": "emigration", "cause_dir_str": "low", "effect_dir_str": "", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "food supply" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "leave the area", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10162-3-flip
We are designing a submarine to study fish that live far below the surface of the ocean. Before we can send a human researcher down in the submarine, we have to be sure it can tolerate the pressure of the water without cracking. The easier test will be to send our submarine down to
{ "text": [ "500 feet or", "1500 feet?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
A fluid exerts pressure in all directions, but the pressure is greater at greater depth.
QRSent-10162
{ "effect_prop": "pressure", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "depth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "easier", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "test", "less_cause_dir": "test" }
QRQA-10109-4
Kevin has a hybrid car and Steve has a large truck. Which car likely pollutes less?
{ "text": [ "hybrid", "truck" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Plug-in hybrids run for a longer time on electricity and so are less polluting than regular hybrids.
QRSent-10109
{ "effect_prop": "polluting", "cause_dir_str": "longer", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "time on electricity" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "truck", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "pollutes", "less_cause_dir": "pollutes" }
QRQA-10186-3-flip
If Jimbo is creating a ball from clay and he removes more clay to the ball, what does he do to the ball's inertia?
{ "text": [ "increases it", "decreases it" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The full box is harder to move because it has greater mass and therefore greater inertia.
QRSent-10186
{ "effect_prop": "inertia", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "inertia", "less_effect_prop": "inertia", "less_cause_dir": "inertia" }
QRQA-10231-5-flip
What happens when you make a rocket heavier?
{ "text": [ "goes higher", "falls down" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
By using multiple stages, empty fuel containers could drop away. This reduced the mass of the rocket so that it could fly higher.
QRSent-10231
{ "effect_prop": "height", "cause_dir_str": "reduced", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "goes higher", "less_effect_dir": "falls down", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "rocket", "less_effect_prop": "rocket", "less_cause_dir": "rocket" }
QRQA-10193-1-flip
Compared to a 350 foot tall ocean tsunami, would a one inch ripple in a pond have
{ "text": [ "more energy", "less energy?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Bigger waves have more energy.
QRSent-10193
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "bigger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "waves" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "ripple in a pond", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10105-1-flip
A part of the beach is rough, and another part is very smooth. The waves on the rough part of the beach are probably
{ "text": [ "larger", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The bigger the waves are and the more sediment they carry, the more erosion they cause.
QRSent-10105
{ "effect_prop": "erosion", "cause_dir_str": "bigger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "waves" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "very smooth", "less_effect_dir": "rough", "less_cause_prop": "waves", "more_effect_prop": "beach", "less_effect_prop": "beach", "less_cause_dir": "beach" }
QRQA-10157-1
The _____ orbitals in energy levels are found furthest from the nucleus of an atom.
{ "text": [ "most", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Energy levels farther from the nucleus of an atom have more orbitals.
QRSent-10157
{ "effect_prop": "orbitals in energy levels", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance from the nucleus of an atom" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "most", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "orbitals", "less_effect_prop": "orbitals", "less_cause_dir": "orbitals" }
QRQA-10076-5-flip
A high-frequency wave will have _____ energy than a low-frequency wave.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
A higher-frequency wave has more energy than a lower-frequency wave with the same amplitude.
QRSent-10076
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "frequency wave" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "frequency", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10064-5
As we fill a balloon with air the number of reactions in the balloon
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
At higher concentrations, particles of reactants are crowded closer together, so they are more likely to collide and react.
QRSent-10064
{ "effect_prop": "reactions", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "particles near each other" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "reactions", "less_effect_prop": "reactions", "less_cause_dir": "reactions" }
QRQA-10343-3
Eric is looking at the longest electromagnetic wave he has seen today. This wave has the _____ frequency of the day.
{ "text": [ "highest", "lowest" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Longer wavelength electromagnetic waves have lower frequencies, and shorter wavelength waves have higher frequencies.
QRSent-10343
{ "effect_prop": "frequencies", "cause_dir_str": "longer", "effect_dir_str": "lower", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "electromagnetic waves" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "highest", "less_effect_dir": "lowest", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "frequency", "less_effect_prop": "frequency", "less_cause_dir": "frequency" }
QRQA-10085-5
As cables get longer they need to get thicker because long cables have
{ "text": [ "less resistance", "more resistance" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Longer wires have more resistance than shorter wires.
QRSent-10085
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "longer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "length" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more resistance", "less_effect_dir": "less resistance", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "cables", "less_effect_prop": "cables", "less_cause_dir": "cables" }
QRQA-10171-4-flip
Increasing the resistance in a series circuit will lead to _____ total current.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
If we increase the resistance in a series circuit, by adding more resistors, then the total current decreases.
QRSent-10171
{ "effect_prop": "total current", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "resistance in a series circuit" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "total current", "less_effect_prop": "total current", "less_cause_dir": "total current" }
QRQA-10248-2
If Mona is pushing a sled and she begins to get tired, her energy levels fall. What happens to the movement of the sled?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As the liquid particles lose energy, their movement slows down even more. As their movements become slower and slower, the attractive forces between become stronger.
QRSent-10248
{ "effect_prop": "movement slows", "cause_dir_str": "lose", "effect_dir_str": "slows down even more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "energy" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "energy levels", "more_effect_prop": "movement of the sled", "less_effect_prop": "movement of the sled", "less_cause_dir": "movement of the sled" }
QRQA-10275-2
Don is sending out wavelengths, and wants them to correspond to higher energies. In order to best do this, Don will send out wavelengths that are
{ "text": [ "longer", "shorter" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Shorter wavelengths (higher frequencies) correspond to higher energies and thus hotter star temperatures.
QRSent-10275
{ "effect_prop": "energies", "cause_dir_str": "shorter", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wavelenths" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "wavelengths", "more_effect_prop": "energies", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10274-4-flip
Terry adds a shorter resistor to the circuit. The resistor offer _____ than the other one.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The longer the resistor, the more resistance it has.
QRSent-10274
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "longer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "resistor long" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "resistor", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10321-2
James loved to travel the world. In his travels, he noticed that America contained a lot of industry while China contained not much industry at all. Which country produced more hazardous wastes?
{ "text": [ "America", "China" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Countries with more industry produce more hazardous wastes than those with little industry.
QRSent-10321
{ "effect_prop": "hazardous wastes", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "industry" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "industry", "more_effect_prop": "hazardous wastes:", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10303-2
You would find better air near a
{ "text": [ "factory", "wooded area." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
More pollutants mean poorer air quality.
QRSent-10303
{ "effect_prop": "air quality", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "poorer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "pollutants" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "better", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "a wooded area", "more_effect_prop": "air", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10242-1-flip
Compared to the city of Detroit, which is a highly developed industrial city, would an undeveloped patch of Yellowstone national park consume
{ "text": [ "fewer natural resources?", "more natural resources" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Developing nations will also increase demands on natural resources as they build more factories.
QRSent-10242
{ "effect_prop": "demands on natural resources", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "increased development" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more natural resources", "less_effect_dir": "fewer natural resources", "less_cause_prop": "Yellowstone national park", "more_effect_prop": "Yellowstone national park", "less_effect_prop": "Yellowstone national park", "less_cause_dir": "Yellowstone national park" }
QRQA-10319-4
Tina heats some oxygen gas. The oxygen particles will move
{ "text": [ "faster", "slower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
If the gas is heated, the particles will move faster as they gain more energy.
QRSent-10319
{ "effect_prop": "faster particles", "cause_dir_str": "heated", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "heated gas" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "faster", "less_effect_dir": "slower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "particles", "less_effect_prop": "particles", "less_cause_dir": "particles" }
QRQA-10201-4-flip
When rocket comes back down out of space, the attraction level the rocket has to the Earth
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As the distance between the objects increases, the force of gravitational attraction decreases.
QRSent-10201
{ "effect_prop": "gravitational attraction", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "distance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "level", "less_effect_prop": "level", "less_cause_dir": "level" }
QRQA-10366-4
As people get older they generally become
{ "text": [ "healthier", "less healthy" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Breast cancer is rare in teens but becomes more common as females get older.
QRSent-10366
{ "effect_prop": "chance of breast cancer", "cause_dir_str": "older", "effect_dir_str": "more common", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "age" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "less", "less_effect_dir": "healthier", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "healthy", "less_effect_prop": "health", "less_cause_dir": "health" }
QRQA-10329-4-flip
Marcus is climbing a mountain, and notices that it is easier to breathe than it was before. This is likely because Marcus is at a
{ "text": [ "lower elevation", "higher elevation" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Air pressure is less at higher elevations.
QRSent-10329
{ "effect_prop": "elevations", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "air pressure" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "elevation", "less_effect_prop": "elevation", "less_cause_dir": "elevation" }
QRQA-10295-4-flip
Megan had two charged metal balls that she was analyzing. If she increases the charge of the balls, the electrostatic force between them
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more charged the objects are, the stronger the electrostatic force between them.
QRSent-10295
{ "effect_prop": "electrostatic force between them.", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "charged the objects are" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "electrostatic force", "less_effect_prop": "electrostatic force", "less_cause_dir": "electrostatic force" }
QRQA-10122-2
If there are a lot of wolves the deer population will
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
An increase in predators, the emergence of a new disease, or the loss of habitat are just three possible problems that will decrease a population.
QRSent-10122
{ "effect_prop": "population", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "decrease", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "predators" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "population", "less_effect_prop": "population", "less_cause_dir": "population" }
QRQA-10312-2
Derek adds several resistors to his project within his series circuit, so therefore, within the series circuit, the resistance will have
{ "text": [ "increased", "decreased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In a series circuit, the resistance increases as more resistors are added in series.
QRSent-10312
{ "effect_prop": "resistors", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "resistance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "adds to", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "circuit resistance", "more_effect_prop": "resistors series", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10383-4-flip
If the speed of a stream increases, the size of the particles carried in that stream
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In erosion, a slower moving stream will only carry smaller particles.
QRSent-10383
{ "effect_prop": "smaller particles", "cause_dir_str": "slower", "effect_dir_str": "smaller", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "slower moving stream" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_effect_dir": "increase", "less_cause_prop": "stream", "more_effect_prop": "size of particles", "less_effect_prop": "size of particles", "less_cause_dir": "size of particles" }
QRQA-10396-2
If Jim adds more carbon dioxide to the ocean, the level of acidity in the ocean becomes
{ "text": [ "greater", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
With higher levels of dissolved carbon dioxide in ocean water, the water becomes more acidic.
QRSent-10396
{ "effect_prop": "acidic", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "carbon dioxide in ocean water" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "acidity", "less_effect_prop": "acidity", "less_cause_dir": "acidity" }
QRQA-10315-2-flip
A _____ in the population cold lead to less food availability.
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As the population increases, the food supply, or the supply of another necessary resource, may decrease.
QRSent-10315
{ "effect_prop": "food", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decrease", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "population" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "population", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "food", "less_cause_dir": "food" }
QRQA-10197-3
The distance between the first and second planets from the sun should be _____ than the distance between the sixth and seventh planets.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
In general, the farther away from the Sun, the greater the distance from one planets orbit to the next.
QRSent-10197
{ "effect_prop": "distance between planets", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance from the Sun" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more distance", "less_effect_dir": "less distance", "less_cause_prop": "sun", "more_effect_prop": "planets", "less_effect_prop": "planets", "less_cause_dir": "planets" }
QRQA-10144-1-flip
When Dan went to the beach, he found rocks that had not been eroded. Some rocks were quite weathered though, so those must have a resistance that is
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Different types of rocks weather at different rates. More resistant types of rocks will remain longer.
QRSent-10144
{ "effect_prop": "lasting", "cause_dir_str": "more resistant", "effect_dir_str": "longer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "resistant rocks" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "not eroded", "less_effect_dir": "quite weathered", "less_cause_prop": "resistance", "more_effect_prop": "rocks", "less_effect_prop": "rocks", "less_cause_dir": "rocks" }
QRQA-10133-3
John was looking at pictures of the field. He could see that the more lines there were, the field would be
{ "text": [ "Stronger", "Weaker" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more field lines that are drawn, the stronger the field.
QRSent-10133
{ "effect_prop": "field", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "lines" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "stronger", "less_effect_dir": "weaker", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "field", "less_effect_prop": "field", "less_cause_dir": "field" }
QRQA-10261-2-flip
When you hold two magnets close together what is the force between them?
{ "text": [ "Strong", "Weak" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As the distance between the objects increases the magnetic force of attraction decreases.
QRSent-10261
{ "effect_prop": "force", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "distance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "strong", "less_effect_dir": "weak", "less_cause_prop": "magnets", "more_effect_prop": "force", "less_effect_prop": "force", "less_cause_dir": "force" }