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QRQA-10317-3-flip
John was looking in the microscope at some very small objects. What he observed was that the larger number of carbon atoms he saw, the number of isomers would quickly
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As you increase the number of carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon, the number of isomers quickly increases.
QRSent-10317
{ "effect_prop": "isomers", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "carbon atoms" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "number of carbon atoms", "more_effect_prop": "number of isomers", "less_effect_prop": "number of isomers", "less_cause_dir": "number of isomers" }
QRQA-10207-1-flip
When astronomers noticed a halving of Sun spot activity, did they predict that the Earth's temperature would
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
When there are more sunspots the Sun is more active and there are more solar storms and more of the Sun's energy reaches the Earth.
QRSent-10207
{ "effect_prop": "amount of solar energy reaching the Earth", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "frequency of sun spots" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "increase", "less_cause_prop": "sun spot activity", "more_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_cause_dir": "temperature" }
QRQA-10138-5-flip
Andy put two magnets at the end of the table, Karen put two magnets right next to each other. Whose magnets had a lesser gravitational force?
{ "text": [ "Andy", "Karen" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The further objects are away from each other, the smaller the gravitational force.
QRSent-10138
{ "effect_prop": "Gravitational Force", "cause_dir_str": "further", "effect_dir_str": "smaller", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "Distance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "lesser", "less_cause_prop": "magnets", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "gravitational force", "less_cause_dir": "gravitational force" }
QRQA-10023-4
Devon's cat, Fluffy, is looking for a nice warm spot to lay out in the sun. Because of how the sun heats the earth, and how some heat radiates into the air, the cat laying on the ground, rather than high up in a tree branch, would keep the cat
{ "text": [ "cooler", "warmer" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The surface is heated by the Sun and some of that heat radiates back into the air. This makes the temperature higher near the surface than at higher altitudes.
QRSent-10023
{ "effect_prop": "close to surface", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "near ", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "lower", "less_effect_dir": "higher", "less_cause_prop": "temperature", "more_effect_prop": "ground", "less_effect_prop": "up in a tree branch", "less_cause_dir": "up in a tree branch" }
QRQA-10310-5
When it is very cold what happens to the speed of items?
{ "text": [ "speed up", "slow down" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
For a given medium, sound waves travel more slowly at lower temperatures.
QRSent-10310
{ "effect_prop": "speed", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "more slowly", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "speed up", "less_effect_dir": "slow down", "less_cause_prop": "cold", "more_effect_prop": "speed", "less_effect_prop": "speed", "less_cause_dir": "speed" }
QRQA-10027-5
Jupiter and Saturn are much larger in mass than Earth and Venus, therefore the force of gravity between Jupiter and Saturn is _____ than the force of gravity between Earth and Venus.
{ "text": [ "greater", "lesser" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Objects with greater mass have a stronger force of gravity between them.
QRSent-10027
{ "effect_prop": "force of gravity", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "lesser", "less_cause_prop": "mass", "more_effect_prop": "force of gravity", "less_effect_prop": "force of gravity", "less_cause_dir": "force of gravity" }
QRQA-10140-4-flip
If Milo has dark skin and Jerry has light skin, which person will sunburn less easily?
{ "text": [ "Milo", "Jerry" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Light-skinned people get sunburned more quickly than people with darker skin.
QRSent-10140
{ "effect_prop": "sunburned", "cause_dir_str": "darker", "effect_dir_str": "", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "darker skin" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less easily", "less_cause_prop": "skin", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "sunburn", "less_cause_dir": "sunburn" }
QRQA-10177-2-flip
When we look at a molecule we can determine that if it it has few atoms it will typically have _____ isomers
{ "text": [ "many", "few" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more carbon atoms a hydrocarbon has, the greater the number of isomers.
QRSent-10177
{ "effect_prop": "isomers", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "atoms" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "few", "less_cause_prop": "atoms", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "isomers", "less_cause_dir": "isomers" }
QRQA-10177-4
A hydrocarbon with few carbon atoms will have _____ isomers.
{ "text": [ "fewer", "many" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more carbon atoms a hydrocarbon has, the greater the number of isomers.
QRSent-10177
{ "effect_prop": "isomers", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "many", "less_effect_dir": "fewer", "less_cause_prop": "carbon atoms", "more_effect_prop": "isomers", "less_effect_prop": "isomers", "less_cause_dir": "isomers" }
QRQA-10215-1
When Shane goes swimming in warmer water, he can move about quickly, whereas in cooler water, Shane's movement is
{ "text": [ "faster", "slower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
When a volume of water is cooled, the molecules move less vigorously, so same number of molecules takes up less space and the water is denser.
QRSent-10215
{ "effect_prop": "vigorous movement", "cause_dir_str": "cooled", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "cool" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "faster", "less_effect_dir": "slower", "less_cause_prop": "water", "more_effect_prop": "movement", "less_effect_prop": "movement", "less_cause_dir": "movement" }
QRQA-10028-5-flip
When we depress a spring down a lot what happens to the potential energy?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The farther the object is stretched or compressed, the greater its elastic potential energy is.
QRSent-10028
{ "effect_prop": "potential energy", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "compression" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "spring", "more_effect_prop": "potential energy", "less_effect_prop": "potential energy", "less_cause_dir": "potential energy" }
QRQA-10175-1-flip
Mary is taking measurements of the amount of oxygen in samples of water. If she measured the total levels of dissolved oxygen in a sample at 70 degrees fahrenheit and compared it to a sample at 80 degrees fahrenheit, which would contain less dissolved oxygen?
{ "text": [ "80 degrees fahrenheit", "70 degrees fahrenheit" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Warm water cant hold as much dissolved oxygen as cool water, so an increase in the temperature of water decreases the amount of oxygen it contains.
QRSent-10175
{ "effect_prop": "dissolved oxygen", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "decrease", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "water temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "fahrenheit", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "dissolved oxygen", "less_cause_dir": "dissolved oxygen" }
QRQA-10153-5
When observing reactants and their particles, Shane increases the temperature they're exposed to, noting that they now move
{ "text": [ "faster", "slower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
At higher temperatures, particles of reactants have more energy, so they move faster.
QRSent-10153
{ "effect_prop": "speed", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "move faster", "less_effect_dir": "move slower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "particles", "less_effect_prop": "particles", "less_cause_dir": "particles" }
QRQA-10242-2
When a country starts manufacturing things they need to have
{ "text": [ "less resources", "more resources" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Developing nations will also increase demands on natural resources as they build more factories.
QRSent-10242
{ "effect_prop": "demand for resources", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "factories" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "resources", "less_effect_prop": "resources", "less_cause_dir": "resources" }
QRQA-10399-2
Sasha is throwing bottles into the lake. Some bottles are filled with sand, and some only have a tiny bit of sand in them. The bottles filled with sand will sink first because they are
{ "text": [ "less dense", "more dense" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more tightly packed the particles inside the material are, the more dense we say they are.
QRSent-10399
{ "effect_prop": "density", "cause_dir_str": "more tightly packed", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "tightly packed" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more dense", "less_effect_dir": "less dense", "less_cause_prop": "bottles", "more_effect_prop": "bottles", "less_effect_prop": "bottles", "less_cause_dir": "bottles" }
QRQA-10303-3-flip
If Mona lives in a city that begins producing a smaller amount of pollutants, what happens to the air quality in that city?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
More pollutants mean poorer air quality.
QRSent-10303
{ "effect_prop": "air quality", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "poorer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "pollutants" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "amount of pollutants", "more_effect_prop": "air quality", "less_effect_prop": "air quality", "less_cause_dir": "air quality" }
QRQA-10216-1-flip
If Jim is transmitting electricity through a wire and he increases the size of that wire, the electrons move through it
{ "text": [ "easier", "harder" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
A thinner wire is more difficult for electrons to move through than a thicker wire.
QRSent-10216
{ "effect_prop": "difficult for electrons to move", "cause_dir_str": "thinner", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "thinner wire" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "harder", "less_effect_dir": "easier", "less_cause_prop": "wire size", "more_effect_prop": "electron movement", "less_effect_prop": "electron movement", "less_cause_dir": "electron movement" }
QRQA-10178-5
Ryan wants to have better technology in the world, so do have that, he will need for the things currently being developed to be
{ "text": [ "better", "worse" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The development of better missiles fostered better rocket technologies.
QRSent-10178
{ "effect_prop": "technology", "cause_dir_str": "better", "effect_dir_str": "better", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "good missiles" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "better", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "developed", "more_effect_prop": "technology", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10303-4-flip
Michael is studying the air quality of various cities. He finds that there are many more pollutants in the air in Mexico City, than there are in the air of Chicago. Therefore, the air quality will be higher in
{ "text": [ "Chicago", "Mexico City" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
More pollutants mean poorer air quality.
QRSent-10303
{ "effect_prop": "air quality", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "poorer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "pollutants" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "Less", "less_effect_dir": "More", "less_cause_prop": "Air", "more_effect_prop": "Pollution", "less_effect_prop": "Pollutants", "less_cause_dir": "Pollutants" }
QRQA-10238-1
The elephants were moved to a reservation where they could thrive, since their habitat in the wild was shrunk too far. The elephant numbers were now
{ "text": [ "larger", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The forest habitat of elephants has also decreased in size due to humans moving in, so the numbers of the elephants have decreased.
QRSent-10238
{ "effect_prop": "elephants", "cause_dir_str": "decreased", "effect_dir_str": "decreased", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "habitat" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "habitat in the wild", "more_effect_prop": "elephant numbers", "less_effect_prop": "elephant numbers", "less_cause_dir": "elephant numbers" }
QRQA-10178-1
Milo's country spends a lot of energy developing better missiles. This means their rocket technologies have
{ "text": [ "increased", "decreased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The development of better missiles fostered better rocket technologies.
QRSent-10178
{ "effect_prop": "rocket technologies", "cause_dir_str": "better", "effect_dir_str": "better", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "development of better missiles" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increased", "less_effect_dir": "decreased", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "rocket technologies", "less_effect_prop": "rocket technologies", "less_cause_dir": "rocket technologies" }
QRQA-10246-2-flip
Joe's urine was almost black; its water content was probably
{ "text": [ "high", "low" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The darker the urine, the less water it contains.
QRSent-10246
{ "effect_prop": "water in it", "cause_dir_str": "darker", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "darkness of the urine" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "high", "less_effect_dir": "low", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "water content", "less_effect_prop": "water content", "less_cause_dir": "water content" }
QRQA-10260-1-flip
If Jim opens his water tap so that the water moves slower, what will happen to the energy levels of the water?
{ "text": [ "they will decrease", "they will increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Faster-moving water has more energy.
QRSent-10260
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "faster", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Faster-moving water" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "water", "more_effect_prop": "energy level", "less_effect_prop": "energy level", "less_cause_dir": "energy level" }
QRQA-10075-3-flip
Places that are farther from the middle of earth are generally
{ "text": [ "colder", "warmer" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Areas near the equator are warmer than areas near the poles because they receive more direct sunlight.
QRSent-10075
{ "effect_prop": "heat", "cause_dir_str": "near", "effect_dir_str": "warmer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "close to the equator" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "warmer", "less_effect_dir": "colder", "less_cause_prop": "equator", "more_effect_prop": "heat", "less_effect_prop": "heat", "less_cause_dir": "heat" }
QRQA-10294-3-flip
John noted something very interesting on his trip to the mountain. When there is more air above a telescope, the interference is
{ "text": [ "More", "Less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Many observatories are built on high mountains. There is less air above the telescope, so there is less interference from the atmosphere.
QRSent-10294
{ "effect_prop": "interference", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "air" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "interference", "less_effect_prop": "interference", "less_cause_dir": "interference" }
QRQA-10028-1-flip
Donna contracts a rubber band further and further. The elastic potential energy of the rubber band will be
{ "text": [ "greater", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The farther the object is stretched or compressed, the greater its elastic potential energy is.
QRSent-10028
{ "effect_prop": "elastic potential energy", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "object is stretched" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "contracts", "more_effect_prop": "elastic potential energy", "less_effect_prop": "elastic potential energy", "less_cause_dir": "elastic potential energy" }
QRQA-10315-2
A _____ in the population cold lead to more food availability.
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As the population increases, the food supply, or the supply of another necessary resource, may decrease.
QRSent-10315
{ "effect_prop": "food", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decrease", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "population" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "population", "more_effect_prop": "food", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10207-4-flip
Fred sees fewer sunspots than usual on the Sun. He knows that this means that solar storms happen
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
When there are more sunspots the Sun is more active and there are more solar storms and more of the Sun's energy reaches the Earth.
QRSent-10207
{ "effect_prop": "more solar storms", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "sunsports on Sun" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "sunspots", "more_effect_prop": "solar storms", "less_effect_prop": "solar storms", "less_cause_dir": "solar storms" }
QRQA-10123-3-flip
Rick gained a lot of blood after cutting himself. His blood pressure rapidly
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
If blood volume in the body decreases, blood pressure decreases.
QRSent-10123
{ "effect_prop": "blood pressure", "cause_dir_str": "decreases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "blood volume in the body" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "blood pressure", "less_effect_prop": "blood pressure", "less_cause_dir": "blood pressure" }
QRQA-10237-5-flip
Ian wants the transpiration rate to rise in his leaves, so he will do what with the humidity levels
{ "text": [ "decrease them", "increase them" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As humidity increases, the water potential gradient across the inside and outside the leaf become more equal, and so the rate of transpiration decreases.
QRSent-10237
{ "effect_prop": "transpiration", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "humidity" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "rise", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "humidity", "more_effect_prop": "transpiration rate", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10066-3-flip
Gaby is examining a particle that sped up after she heated some gaseous CO2. Why did the particle speed up?
{ "text": [ "it has more energy", "it has less energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
If the gas is cooled, the particles will move more slowly, because they will have less energy.
QRSent-10066
{ "effect_prop": "particles energy", "cause_dir_str": "more slowly", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "particles will move" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10200-1-flip
Jim is designing a new car and playing around with different materials. If he were to increase the weight of the vehicle, what would happen to the fuel efficiency of that vehicle? It would
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Lighter, more streamlined vehicles need less energy.
QRSent-10200
{ "effect_prop": "energy usage", "cause_dir_str": "lighter", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "vehicle weight" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10294-2-flip
Carter is at sea level and looks through a telescope. There is a lot of interference from the atmosphere, so Carter knows that above the telescope, there is _____ air than up on a mountain.
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Many observatories are built on high mountains. There is less air above the telescope, so there is less interference from the atmosphere.
QRSent-10294
{ "effect_prop": "interference", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "air" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "a lot of", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "air", "more_effect_prop": "interference", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10204-4-flip
Jimbo was playing with magnetic field lines by manipulating them. If he moves the field lines less close, what happens to the strength of the field?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The closer the field lines are drawn together, the stronger the field being described.
QRSent-10204
{ "effect_prop": "stronger the field", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "closer the field lines" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "Less", "less_cause_prop": "Strength", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "Close", "less_cause_dir": "Close" }
QRQA-10338-2
Will induces diffusion in a gas and a liquid. The gas likely diffuses much
{ "text": [ "faster", "slower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
This is also called diffusion, and the process is much faster in gases than in liquids, because the particles in gases are further apart.
QRSent-10338
{ "effect_prop": "faster diffusion in gas", "cause_dir_str": "further apart", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "further apart particles" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "diffuses much faster", "less_effect_dir": "diffuses much slower", "less_cause_prop": "liquid", "more_effect_prop": "gas", "less_effect_prop": "gas", "less_cause_dir": "gas" }
QRQA-10284-4
When we look deep into the earth through a volcano the temperature
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As the rocks move deeper into the Earth, temperature and pressure increase.
QRSent-10284
{ "effect_prop": "temperature", "cause_dir_str": "deeper", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "depth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_cause_dir": "temperature" }
QRQA-10312-5-flip
When we remove resistors in series to a computer what happens to the resistance?
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In a series circuit, the resistance increases as more resistors are added in series.
QRSent-10312
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "resistors in series" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "resistors", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10215-2-flip
Jim puts his water in the oven for later. The molecules in the liquid
{ "text": [ "speed up", "slow down" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When a volume of water is cooled, the molecules move less vigorously, so same number of molecules takes up less space and the water is denser.
QRSent-10215
{ "effect_prop": "molecules move", "cause_dir_str": "cooled", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "cooled water" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "speed up", "less_effect_dir": "slow down", "less_cause_prop": "water", "more_effect_prop": "molecules", "less_effect_prop": "molecules", "less_cause_dir": "molecules" }
QRQA-10247-4
A kitten and her mother were lying on the floor. Because the mother cat was older and had undergone more growth, as compared to the kitten she would have
{ "text": [ "more hair", "less hair)." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As animals grow their bones get longer and bigger, they grow more hair, and are able to take care of themselves by getting food, shelter, and water.
QRSent-10247
{ "effect_prop": "hair", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "grow" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "kitten", "more_effect_prop": "hair", "less_effect_prop": "hair", "less_cause_dir": "hair" }
QRQA-10056-1-flip
Dana has no diabetes, and her insulin is high, so her blood glucose levels have
{ "text": [ "increased", "decreased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As blood glucose levels decrease, less insulin is produced.
QRSent-10056
{ "effect_prop": "insulin produced", "cause_dir_str": "decrease", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "blood glucose levels" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "high", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "blood glucose levels", "more_effect_prop": "insulin", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10256-2-flip
If Jim eats animals that are lower on the food chain, the amount of toxic metals that enter his body are
{ "text": [ "greater", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The higher up a food chain that humans eat, the greater the levels of toxic metals they take in.
QRSent-10256
{ "effect_prop": "levels of toxic metals", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "higher up a food chain" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "animals", "more_effect_prop": "toxic metals", "less_effect_prop": "toxic metals", "less_cause_dir": "toxic metals" }
QRQA-10278-1-flip
The cop shot the radar gun at the super slow car, which _____ the waves.
{ "text": [ "increased", "decreased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
A: As the car approaches the radar gun, the reflected microwaves get bunched up in front of the car. Therefore, the waves the receiver detects have a higher frequency than they would if they were being reflected from a stationary object. The faster the car is moving, the greater the increase in the frequency of the waves.
QRSent-10278
{ "effect_prop": "Frequency waves", "cause_dir_str": "faster", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Speed." }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increasd", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "car", "more_effect_prop": "waves", "less_effect_prop": "waves", "less_cause_dir": "waves" }
QRQA-10143-2-flip
When water starts to boil it becomes
{ "text": [ "more dense", "less dense" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Lower temperature and higher salinity yield the densest water.
QRSent-10143
{ "effect_prop": "density", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "densest", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "dense", "less_effect_prop": "dense", "less_cause_dir": "dense" }
QRQA-10305-2-flip
Ulysses has a solution with a pH of 15. Reilly has a solution with a pH of 14. Who has a stronger base?
{ "text": [ "Ulysses", "Reilly" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The higher the pH value is, the stronger the base.
QRSent-10305
{ "effect_prop": "stronger base", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "pH value" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "solution", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10401-1
If Milo lives in a country that starts producing pollution which causes the ozone layer to deplete, what happens to the amount of UV rays that can reach the ground?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
With less ozone in the stratosphere, more UV rays reach the ground.
QRSent-10401
{ "effect_prop": "UV rays", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "ozone" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "ozone layer", "more_effect_prop": "UV rays", "less_effect_prop": "UV rays", "less_cause_dir": "UV rays" }
QRQA-10013-1-flip
A container that has less particles in it will have a
{ "text": [ "higher pressure", "lower pressure." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
More particles inside the container means more collisions, and more collisions mean a higher pressure.
QRSent-10013
{ "effect_prop": "pressure", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "particles in an area" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "particles", "more_effect_prop": "pressure", "less_effect_prop": "pressure", "less_cause_dir": "pressure" }
QRQA-10340-1-flip
If Jim's country decreases use of fossil fuels, what will happen to the amount of pollution it produces?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Because richer nations use more fossil fuels, they also cause more air pollution and global warming than poorer nations do.
QRSent-10340
{ "effect_prop": "pollution", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "fossil fuels" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "fossil fuels", "more_effect_prop": "pollution", "less_effect_prop": "pollution", "less_cause_dir": "pollution" }
QRQA-10380-3
Brad wants to go to the gym more regularly, so that his muscles will get larger. Another aspect of having larger muscles means that Brad will likely be
{ "text": [ "stronger", "weaker" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Exercising muscles increases their size, and bigger muscles have greater strength.
QRSent-10380
{ "effect_prop": "muscle strength", "cause_dir_str": "bigger", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "muscle size" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "stronger", "less_effect_dir": "weaker", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "Brad", "less_effect_prop": "Brad", "less_cause_dir": "Brad" }
QRQA-10386-3-flip
If Milo is playing with his rubber bands and he relaxes one from being stretched, what can he expect to happen to the resistance as he relaxes it and it becomes looser?
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The farther you stretch the band, the greater the resistance is.
QRSent-10386
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "stretch the band" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "rubber bands", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10182-1-flip
If Jim decreases the strength of an acid he is playing with, the concentration of ions in that acid
{ "text": [ "falls", "rises" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
A stronger acid produces a greater concentration of ions than a weaker acid.
QRSent-10182
{ "effect_prop": "concentration of ions", "cause_dir_str": "stronger", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "acid" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "rises", "less_effect_dir": "falls", "less_cause_prop": "strength of an acid", "more_effect_prop": "concentration of ions", "less_effect_prop": "concentration of ions", "less_cause_dir": "concentration of ions" }
QRQA-10066-3
Gaby is examining a particle that slowed down after she cooled some gaseous CO2. Why did the particle slow down?
{ "text": [ "it has more energy", "it has less energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
If the gas is cooled, the particles will move more slowly, because they will have less energy.
QRSent-10066
{ "effect_prop": "particles energy", "cause_dir_str": "more slowly", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "particles will move" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "particle", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10259-2
The Moon has _____ effect on the tides than Mars.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The Moon has a greater effect on the tides because, although it is much smaller than the Sun, it is much closer.
QRSent-10259
{ "effect_prop": "effect on the tides", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance from Earth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "More", "less_effect_dir": "Less tides", "less_cause_prop": "Effect", "more_effect_prop": "Tides", "less_effect_prop": "Tides", "less_cause_dir": "Tides" }
QRQA-10118-5-flip
Will has a pully with 5 rope segments. Alan's pully has an equal size rope with 7 segments. Which person needs more force to do the same job?
{ "text": [ "Will", "Alan" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more rope segments on a pully that are helping to do the lifting work, the less force that is needed for the job.
QRSent-10118
{ "effect_prop": "force needed", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "rope segments on a pully" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "segments", "more_effect_prop": "force", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10208-3-flip
Milo threw both a basketball and a baseball through the air. If the basketball has less mass then the baseball, which ball has more kinetic energy?
{ "text": [ "basketball", "baseball" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
An object with greater mass or greater velocity has more kinetic energy.
QRSent-10208
{ "effect_prop": "kinetic energy", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "mass", "more_effect_prop": "kinetic energy", "less_effect_prop": "kinetic energy", "less_cause_dir": "kinetic energy" }
QRQA-10303-4
Michael is studying the air quality of various cities. He finds that there are many more pollutants in the air in Mexico City, than there are in the air of Chicago. Therefore, the air quality will be lower in
{ "text": [ "Chicago", "Mexico City" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
More pollutants mean poorer air quality.
QRSent-10303
{ "effect_prop": "air quality", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "poorer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "pollutants" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "Better", "less_effect_dir": "Worse", "less_cause_prop": "Quality", "more_effect_prop": "Air", "less_effect_prop": "Air", "less_cause_dir": "Air" }
QRQA-10039-1
When looking at a hill, Shane sees that the sand on the steep slopes is
{ "text": [ "finer", "thicker" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Smaller sediments are dropped as the slope becomes less steep.
QRSent-10039
{ "effect_prop": "steep", "cause_dir_str": "smaller", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "sediments" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "steep", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "sand", "more_effect_prop": "slopes", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10025-1-flip
Between the United States, the richest nation in the world, and the Democratic Republic of Congo, the poorest nation in the world, which uses less gasoline per capita,
{ "text": [ "the people in the United States", "the people in the Democratic Republic of Congo?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Richer nations use far more energy resources, especially fossil fuels, than poorer nations do.
QRSent-10025
{ "effect_prop": "use of fossil fuels", "cause_dir_str": "richer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wealth of a country" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "nation", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "gasoline per capita", "less_cause_dir": "gasoline per capita" }
QRQA-10207-4
Fred sees more sunspots than usual on the Sun. He knows that this means that solar storms happen
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When there are more sunspots the Sun is more active and there are more solar storms and more of the Sun's energy reaches the Earth.
QRSent-10207
{ "effect_prop": "more solar storms", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "sunsports on Sun" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "solar storms", "less_effect_prop": "solar storms", "less_cause_dir": "solar storms" }
QRQA-10256-4-flip
Mike is studying what humans eat. Bears are higher up the food chain than mosquitoes. Therefore, if humans were to eat mosquitoes, they would likely be taking in _____ levels of toxic metals.
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The higher up a food chain that humans eat, the greater the levels of toxic metals they take in.
QRSent-10256
{ "effect_prop": "levels of toxic metals", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "up a food chain that humans eat" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "levels of toxic metals", "less_effect_prop": "levels of toxic metals", "less_cause_dir": "levels of toxic metals" }
QRQA-10277-2
If people use a lot of energy they create
{ "text": [ "less waste", "more waste" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Increased resource use generally means more waste; electronic waste from developed nations is a growing problem in the developing world.
QRSent-10277
{ "effect_prop": "waste", "cause_dir_str": "increased", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "resource use" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "waste", "less_effect_prop": "waste", "less_cause_dir": "waste" }
QRQA-10018-2-flip
If Jim starts exercising and performs no anaerobic exercises, would his muscles get
{ "text": [ "bigger", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Anaerobic exercises cause muscles to get bigger and stronger.
QRSent-10018
{ "effect_prop": "muscles to get bigger", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "bigger and stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Anaerobic exercises" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "bigger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "anaerobic exercises", "more_effect_prop": "muscles", "less_effect_prop": "muscles", "less_cause_dir": "muscles" }
QRQA-10048-4
Wendy turned the hose from full blast to half power. This makes the stream _____ likely to be able to deposit large rock particles.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The size of the eroded particles depends on the velocity of the water. Eventually, the water deposits the materials. As water slows, larger particles are deposited. As the water slows even more, smaller particles are deposited.
QRSent-10048
{ "effect_prop": "particles are deposited", "cause_dir_str": "slows", "effect_dir_str": "smaller", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "velocity of the water" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "stream", "more_effect_prop": "deposit", "less_effect_prop": "deposit", "less_cause_dir": "deposit" }
QRQA-10348-4
Leo is working in a lab studying genotypes. He notices that the genotypes that are more fit produce
{ "text": [ "less offspring.", "more offspring" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Genotypes with greater fitness produce more offspring and pass more copies of their alleles to the next generation.
QRSent-10348
{ "effect_prop": "offspring", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "fitness" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "offspring", "less_effect_prop": "offspring", "less_cause_dir": "offspring" }
QRQA-10233-2-flip
Objects moving closer together will have _____ gravitational force between them.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The closer objects are to each other, the stronger the gravitational force between them.
QRSent-10233
{ "effect_prop": "gravitational force", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance between objects" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "Objects", "more_effect_prop": "gravitational force", "less_effect_prop": "gravitational force", "less_cause_dir": "gravitational force" }
QRQA-10046-1-flip
Compared to the Sun, which is an average sized star, would VY Canis Majoris, the smallest known star, produce
{ "text": [ "more energy", "less energy?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Bigger stars produce more energy, so their surfaces are hotter.
QRSent-10046
{ "effect_prop": "production of energy", "cause_dir_str": "bigger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "stars" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "star", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10012-4-flip
What would happen to the amount of ultraviolet radiation trapped in the atmosphere if the number of greenhouse gases were decreased?
{ "text": [ "more would be trapped", "less would be trapped" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
If there are more greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, more ultraviolet radiation will be trapped and the Earth will heat up.
QRSent-10012
{ "effect_prop": "ultraviolet radiation will be trapped", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "greenhouse gases in the atmosphere" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "greenhouse gases", "more_effect_prop": "ultraviolet radiation trapped", "less_effect_prop": "ultraviolet radiation trapped", "less_cause_dir": "ultraviolet radiation trapped" }
QRQA-10075-1-flip
A person moving north towards the North Pole will receive _____ direct sunlight.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Areas near the equator are warmer than areas near the poles because they receive more direct sunlight.
QRSent-10075
{ "effect_prop": "direct sunlight", "cause_dir_str": "near the poles", "effect_dir_str": "", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "distance from the equator" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "The North Pole", "more_effect_prop": "direct sunlight", "less_effect_prop": "direct sunlight", "less_cause_dir": "direct sunlight" }
QRQA-10151-1-flip
Mike put two things into buckets of water. The first bucket got a rubber duck, and the second bucket got a bowling ball. The water was less displaced in the bucket with the rubber duck, because the mass was
{ "text": [ "larger", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
If we have two materials with the same volume, the material with a higher mass will be more dense.
QRSent-10151
{ "effect_prop": "dense", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "mass", "more_effect_prop": "bowling ball", "less_effect_prop": "rubber duck", "less_cause_dir": "rubber duck" }
QRQA-10216-1
If Jim is transmitting electricity through a wire and he reduces the size of that wire, the electrons move through it
{ "text": [ "easier", "harder" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
A thinner wire is more difficult for electrons to move through than a thicker wire.
QRSent-10216
{ "effect_prop": "difficult for electrons to move", "cause_dir_str": "thinner", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "thinner wire" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "harder", "less_effect_dir": "easier", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "electron movement", "less_effect_prop": "electron movement", "less_cause_dir": "electron movement" }
QRQA-10104-1
What would happen to the speed of Earth's orbit if our planet were to move closer to the Sun?
{ "text": [ "increased speed", "decreased speed" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The Earth travels faster in its elliptical orbit when it is closer to the Sun than when it is farther away.
QRSent-10104
{ "effect_prop": "faster orbit speed", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance from sun" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increased", "less_effect_dir": "decreased", "less_cause_prop": "our planet", "more_effect_prop": "speed of Earth's orbit", "less_effect_prop": "speed of Earth's orbit", "less_cause_dir": "speed of Earth's orbit" }
QRQA-10010-4
If Milo is holding two objects close together and he decides to move them farther apart, what happens to the gravitational force between the objects?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The gravitational force between two objects decreases as the objects move further apart.
QRSent-10010
{ "effect_prop": "gravitational force between two objects", "cause_dir_str": "further", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "objects move further apart" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "gravitational force", "less_effect_prop": "gravitational force", "less_cause_dir": "gravitational force" }
QRQA-10248-1
When Ian has a ton of energy, Ian moves
{ "text": [ "quickly", "slowly" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As the liquid particles lose energy, their movement slows down even more. As their movements become slower and slower, the attractive forces between become stronger.
QRSent-10248
{ "effect_prop": "movement", "cause_dir_str": "lose", "effect_dir_str": "slows down even more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "energy" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "quickly", "less_effect_dir": "slowly", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "moves", "less_effect_prop": "moves", "less_cause_dir": "moves" }
QRQA-10255-3
If Mona is comparing an apple and an orange and she determines that the apple has more mass then the orange, which one has a greater force of gravity?
{ "text": [ "apple", "orange" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Objects with greater mass have a stronger force of gravity.
QRSent-10255
{ "effect_prop": "force of gravity", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "force of gravity", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10119-1
By filling a kettle with water and placing it on a burner turned to high, will the motion of the water molecules in the kettle
{ "text": [ "increase in speed", "decrease in speed." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The higher the temperature, the more energy the particles have and the faster they will move and diffuse.
QRSent-10119
{ "effect_prop": "speed of particles", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "energy of particles" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "speed", "less_effect_prop": "speed", "less_cause_dir": "speed" }
QRQA-10031-4-flip
If Milo is racing cars on a track and one car has more mass then another, what does that tell him about the larger cars acceleration potential compared to the smaller car?
{ "text": [ "it's higher", "it's lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The smaller its mass is, the greater its acceleration for a given amount of force.
QRSent-10031
{ "effect_prop": "acceleration", "cause_dir_str": "smaller", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "car", "more_effect_prop": "acceleration potential", "less_effect_prop": "acceleration potential", "less_cause_dir": "acceleration potential" }
QRQA-10313-3-flip
A smaller box can hold how much air compared to a large box?
{ "text": [ "More air", "Less air" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
In the larger container we will still have the same number of gas particles, but now they are filling a much larger space.
QRSent-10313
{ "effect_prop": "volume", "cause_dir_str": "larger", "effect_dir_str": "larger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "size" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "box", "more_effect_prop": "air", "less_effect_prop": "air", "less_cause_dir": "air" }
QRQA-10069-5-flip
A piece of sandpaper was rubbed across a glass table, then the sandpaper was rubbed across some gravel. The friction will be less between
{ "text": [ "the sandpaper and the glass table or", "the sandpaper and the gravel." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Rougher surfaces have more friction between them than smoother surfaces.
QRSent-10069
{ "effect_prop": "friction", "cause_dir_str": "rougher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "surface roughness" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "glass table", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "friction", "less_cause_dir": "friction" }
QRQA-10294-5
Milo owns two telescopes, one at the top of a mountain and one at the base. If he looks through the one at the top of the mountain, how much interference can he expect compared to the one at the bottom of the mountain?
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Many observatories are built on high mountains. There is less air above the telescope, so there is less interference from the atmosphere.
QRSent-10294
{ "effect_prop": "interference from the atmosphere", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "less air above the telescope" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "of the mountain", "more_effect_prop": "interference", "less_effect_prop": "interference", "less_cause_dir": "interference" }
QRQA-10399-4-flip
When we pack a fewer things into a box it becomes
{ "text": [ "less dense", "more dense" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more tightly packed the particles inside the material are, the more dense we say they are.
QRSent-10399
{ "effect_prop": "density", "cause_dir_str": "more tightly packed", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "space between atoms" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "dense", "less_effect_prop": "dense", "less_cause_dir": "dense" }
QRQA-10152-5-flip
If Mona is mixing some chemicals in a beaker for her science project and she adds less water to the mixture, what will happen to the amount of chemical reactions that can take place inside the beaker?
{ "text": [ "it will decrease", "it will increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
More water allows more chemical reactions.
QRSent-10152
{ "effect_prop": "chemical reactions", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "water" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "water", "more_effect_prop": "chemical reactions", "less_effect_prop": "chemical reactions", "less_cause_dir": "chemical reactions" }
QRQA-10213-4
A structure with a decreased surface area will _____ in functioning.
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
In Life Sciences it is important to note that whenever a structure has an increased surface area, there is an increase in the functioning of that structure.
QRSent-10213
{ "effect_prop": "functioning", "cause_dir_str": "increased", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "surface area" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "surface area", "more_effect_prop": "functioning", "less_effect_prop": "functioning", "less_cause_dir": "functioning" }
QRQA-10112-4-flip
James is boring deep into the Earth. His shuttle is less likely to burn up at _____ depths.
{ "text": [ "shallow", "deep" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Temperature increases with depth inside the Earth, so melting of rocks is more likely to occur at greater depths.
QRSent-10112
{ "effect_prop": "melting of rocks likely", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "more likely", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "depth inside Earth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "depth", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "likely", "less_cause_dir": "likely" }
QRQA-10337-5-flip
Bob releases a deep breath, so that his lungs will have more painful pressure, making the size of Bob's chest
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Inhaling, or breathing in, increases the size of the chest, which decreases air pressure inside the lungs.
QRSent-10337
{ "effect_prop": "external air pressure", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "chest size" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "chest size", "more_effect_prop": "pressure", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10112-2
Mona is excavating a deep tunnel as part of an exploratory committee. As she bores deeper in to the Earth, what can she expect will happen to the temperature?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Temperature increases with depth inside the Earth, so melting of rocks is more likely to occur at greater depths.
QRSent-10112
{ "effect_prop": "Temperature", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "depth inside the Earth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_cause_dir": "temperature" }
QRQA-10400-2
If air cools, it becomes _____ dense.
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Warm air is less dense than cool air, so it rises higher in the troposphere.
QRSent-10400
{ "effect_prop": "temperature", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "warm", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "density of air" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "cools", "less_cause_prop": "dense", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "air", "less_cause_dir": "air" }
QRQA-10190-5-flip
If Mona is holding a baseball above a table and then decreases the height of that baseball from the table, what happens to the potential energy of the baseball?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
So the higher an object is above a surface, the more potential energy it has.
QRSent-10190
{ "effect_prop": "potential energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "higher an object is" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "height of that baseball", "more_effect_prop": "potential energy", "less_effect_prop": "potential energy", "less_cause_dir": "potential energy" }
QRQA-10119-4-flip
As we move slower we wind up getting
{ "text": [ "hotter", "cooler" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The higher the temperature, the more energy the particles have and the faster they will move and diffuse.
QRSent-10119
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "body", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10327-1-flip
When quarks are taken further apart, they experience minimal attraction, but when they're brought together, they have an attraction that is
{ "text": [ "greater", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Gluons make quarks attract each other more strongly the farther apart the quarks get.
QRSent-10327
{ "effect_prop": "apart", "cause_dir_str": "more strongly", "effect_dir_str": "farther apart", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "strong" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "taken further apart", "less_effect_dir": "brought together", "less_cause_prop": "attraction", "more_effect_prop": "quarks", "less_effect_prop": "quarks", "less_cause_dir": "quarks" }
QRQA-10368-5
Ian is trying to melt rocks, nothing that the water around the rocks is quite high. Since there is a lot of water around the rocks, the melting point of the rock will be
{ "text": [ "increased", "decreased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As the amount of water increases, the melting point of rock decreases.
QRSent-10368
{ "effect_prop": "melting point of rock", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "water" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increased", "less_effect_dir": "decreased", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "melting point of rock", "less_effect_prop": "melting point of rock", "less_cause_dir": "melting point of rock" }
QRQA-10015-4
When people figured out how to grow food the levels of food in the world
{ "text": [ "increased", "decreased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Better farming techniques and machines increased the food supply and the distribution of food.
QRSent-10015
{ "effect_prop": "food", "cause_dir_str": "better", "effect_dir_str": "increased", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "farming" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increased", "less_effect_dir": "decreased", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "food", "less_effect_prop": "food", "less_cause_dir": "food" }
QRQA-10225-1-flip
A scientist, near the shore, would expect to find _____ dissolved nutrients in the water than one mile away from the shore.
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Water near shore generally has more dissolved nutrients than water farther from shore.
QRSent-10225
{ "effect_prop": "dissolved nutrients", "cause_dir_str": "near", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "water near shore than away" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "the shore", "more_effect_prop": "dissolved nutrients", "less_effect_prop": "dissolved nutrients", "less_cause_dir": "dissolved nutrients" }
QRQA-10040-2-flip
Tina is at a loud concert. She is _____ susceptible to hearing loss as she gets further from the speakers.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The louder the sounds are, the less exposure is needed to cause hearing loss.
QRSent-10040
{ "effect_prop": "exposure needed to cause hearing loss", "cause_dir_str": "louder", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "louder the sounds" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "further from", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "speakers", "less_cause_dir": "speakers" }
QRQA-10272-5-flip
john was watching the rate of reactions going on in some plants. he noticed that the rate decreased when the temperatures
{ "text": [ "increased", "decreased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Temperature affects the rate at which photosynthesis, cellular respiration and decomposition take place. The rate of reaction increases with increasing temperature and decreases at lower temperatures.
QRSent-10272
{ "effect_prop": "temperatures", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "increasing", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "reaction" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increased", "less_effect_dir": "decreased", "less_cause_prop": "rate of reactions", "more_effect_prop": "temperatures", "less_effect_prop": "temperatures", "less_cause_dir": "temperatures" }
QRQA-10329-3-flip
Air pressure will _____ when one goes up a mountain.
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Air pressure is less at higher elevations.
QRSent-10329
{ "effect_prop": "air pressure", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "elevation" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "air pressure", "less_effect_prop": "air pressure", "less_cause_dir": "air pressure" }
QRQA-10107-4
A solution with a pH value of 14 is _____ considered to be basic.
{ "text": [ "definitely", "not" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more basic a solution is, the closer its pH value will be to 14.
QRSent-10107
{ "effect_prop": "distance from 14 is its pH value", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "closer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "basic a solution is" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "14", "less_cause_prop": "basic", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "pH value", "less_cause_dir": "pH value" }
QRQA-10389-2-flip
Will was using a flashlight. He used a long exposure and a short exposure. Which exposure likely made the stars seem dimmer?
{ "text": [ "short", "long" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The longer the exposure, the more light that the telescope can gather to make the image.
QRSent-10389
{ "effect_prop": "light that the telescope can gather to make the image", "cause_dir_str": "longer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "longer the exposure" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "dimmer", "less_cause_prop": "exposure", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "stars", "less_cause_dir": "stars" }
QRQA-10166-3
Everett went lower and lower to look at the rocks on the cliff. The lowest rocks are likely
{ "text": [ "youngest", "oldest" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Fossils found at the lowest layer of rock would be the oldest, as these would have been buried for the longest time, whereas fossils found closer to the surface would be buried more recently and therefore be younger.
QRSent-10166
{ "effect_prop": "oldest fossils", "cause_dir_str": "lowest", "effect_dir_str": "oldest", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "lowest layer of rock" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "oldest", "less_effect_dir": "youngest", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "rocks", "less_effect_prop": "rocks", "less_cause_dir": "rocks" }
QRQA-10272-4-flip
Eric decreased the temperature on the thermostat. The rates of reaction in the room now happen more
{ "text": [ "quickly", "slowly" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Temperature affects the rate at which photosynthesis, cellular respiration and decomposition take place. The rate of reaction increases with increasing temperature and decreases at lower temperatures.
QRSent-10272
{ "effect_prop": "temperature", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "increasing", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "rate of reaction" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "decreased", "less_cause_prop": "reaction", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_cause_dir": "temperature" }
QRQA-10112-1-flip
James stares at the volcano and saw the rocks exist because of the _____ temperatures.
{ "text": [ "high", "low" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Temperature increases with depth inside the Earth, so melting of rocks is more likely to occur at greater depths.
QRSent-10112
{ "effect_prop": "Rocks", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "more likely", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "Temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "temperatures", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10189-3-flip
When you use less force to move a car it will
{ "text": [ "move less", "move further" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When two skateboarders push against each other, it causes them to move apart. The harder they push together, the farther apart they move.
QRSent-10189
{ "effect_prop": "movement", "cause_dir_str": "harder", "effect_dir_str": "farther", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "force" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "move further", "less_effect_dir": "move less", "less_cause_prop": "car", "more_effect_prop": "car", "less_effect_prop": "car", "less_cause_dir": "car" }