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PranavHarshan

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[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "because of the well-documented increased risk of meningococcal disease among adolescents , vaccination is recommended for this population in many countries , including the united states .", "this study compared the tolerability and immunogenicity in adolescents of a candidate quadrivalent meningococcal crm@ glycoconjugate vaccine against serogroups a , c , w-@ , and y ( menacwy-crm ) with that of the licensed unconjugated quadrivalent polysaccharide vaccine ( mpsv@ ) .", "this phase ii study was conducted in the united states among @ adolescents aged @-@ years in @ stages , with different randomization schemes .", "the first @ participants , enrolled in stage @ , were randomized ( @:@ ) to receive either menacwy-crm ( + ) ( with adjuvant ) or mpsv@ .", "the next @ participants , enrolled in stage @ , were randomized ( @:@ ) to receive either menacwy-crm ( - ) ( without adjuvant ) or mpsv@ .", "safety data were collected using diary cards and active surveillance .", "human complement serum bactericidal activity ( hsba ) titers were measured @ and @ months postvaccination .", "menacwy-crm and mpsv@ vaccines were well tolerated ( local reactions , @ % -@ % vs. @ % -@ % ; systemic reactions , @ % -@ % vs. @ % -@ % , respectively ) .", "one month postvaccination , similar hsba titers were observed with the adjuvanted and nonadjuvanted menacwy-crm .", "the immunogenicity of menacwy-crm ( - ) , measured by geometric mean titer , was significantly ( p < @ ) greater than that of mpsv@ for all @ vaccine serogroups at @ month .", "the percentage of subjects with hsba titers > or = @:@ was also significantly greater ( p < @ ) for menacwy-crm ( - ) recipients for serogroups a , c , and y and noninferior for w-@ .", "the proportions of menacwy-crm ( - ) recipients with hsba titers > or = @:@ to the vaccine serogroups at @ month were @ % to @ % and geometric mean titers were @ to @ .", "the percentage of subjects with hsba titers > or = @:@ was significantly ( p < @ ) greater than mpsv@ for serogroups c , w-@ , and y @ months postvaccination .", "menacwy-crm was well tolerated and immunogenic , with evidence of persistence of bactericidal antibodies for at least @ months postvaccination ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['because of the well-documented increased risk of meningococcal disease among adolescents , vaccination is recommended for this population in many countries , including the united states .', 'this study compared the tolerability and immunogenicity in adolescents of a candidate quadrivalent meningococcal crm@ glycoconjugate vaccine against serogroups a , c , w-@ , and y ( menacwy-crm ) with that of the licensed unconjugated quadrivalent polysaccharide vaccine ( mpsv@ ) .', 'this phase ii study was conducted in the united states among @ adolescents aged @-@ years in @ stages , with different randomization schemes .', 'the first @ participants , enrolled in stage @ , were randomized ( @:@ ) to receive either menacwy-crm ( + ) ( with adjuvant ) or mpsv@ .', 'the next @ participants , enrolled in stage @ , were randomized ( @:@ ) to receive either menacwy-crm ( - ) ( without adjuvant ) or mpsv@ .', 'safety data were collected using diary cards and active surveillance .', 'human complement serum bactericidal activity ( hsba ) titers were measured @ and @ months postvaccination .', 'menacwy-crm and mpsv@ vaccines were well tolerated ( local reactions , @ % -@ % vs. @ % -@ % ; systemic reactions , @ % -@ % vs. @ % -@ % , respectively ) .', 'one month postvaccination , similar hsba titers were observed with the adjuvanted and nonadjuvanted menacwy-crm .', 'the immunogenicity of menacwy-crm ( - ) , measured by geometric mean titer , was significantly ( p < @ ) greater than that of mpsv@ for all @ vaccine serogroups at @ month .', 'the percentage of subjects with hsba titers > or = @:@ was also significantly greater ( p < @ ) for menacwy-crm ( - ) recipients for serogroups a , c , and y and noninferior for w-@ .', 'the proportions of menacwy-crm ( - ) recipients with hsba titers > or = @:@ to the vaccine serogroups at @ month were @ % to @ % and geometric mean titers were @ to @ .', 'the percentage of subjects with hsba titers > or = @:@ was significantly ( p < @ ) greater than mpsv@ for serogroups c , w-@ , and y @ months postvaccination .', 'menacwy-crm was well tolerated and immunogenic , with evidence of persistence of bactericidal antibodies for at least @ months postvaccination .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "cilostazol has been widely used to prevent peripheral vascular events , and its antiplatelet mechanisms may different from aspirin and clopidogrel .", "we hypothesized that cilostazol in addition to aspirin and clopidogrel effectively reduces systemic ischemic events after percutaneous coronary intervention ( pci ) in high-risk patients .", "in this prospective study , @,@ patients with acute coronary syndromes were randomly assigned to receive either standard dual-antiplatelet treatment with aspirin and clopidogrel ( n = @ ) or triple-antiplatelet therapy with the addition of a @-month course of cilostazol ( n = @ ) after successful pci .", "the primary end point was a composite of cardiac death , nonfatal myocardial infarction , stroke , or target vessel revascularization ( tvr ) at @ year after randomization .", "the secondary end points were tvr and hemorrhagic events .", "triple-antiplatelet treatment was associated with a significantly lower incidence of the primary end points ( @ % vs @ % ; p = @ ) .", "the need for tvr was similar between patients who received triple - and dual-antiplatelet treatment ( @ % vs @ % ; p = @ ) .", "multivariate analysis showed that female patients and clinically or angiographically high-risk patients benefited more from the triple-antiplatelet treatment .", "there were no significant differences between the @ regimens in terms of the risks for major and minor bleeding .", "for patients with acute coronary syndromes , triple-antiplatelet therapy consisting of cilostazol , aspirin , and clopidogrel reduced long-term cardiac and cerebral events after pci , especially for patients with high-risk profiles ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['cilostazol has been widely used to prevent peripheral vascular events , and its antiplatelet mechanisms may different from aspirin and clopidogrel .', 'we hypothesized that cilostazol in addition to aspirin and clopidogrel effectively reduces systemic ischemic events after percutaneous coronary intervention ( pci ) in high-risk patients .', 'in this prospective study , @,@ patients with acute coronary syndromes were randomly assigned to receive either standard dual-antiplatelet treatment with aspirin and clopidogrel ( n = @ ) or triple-antiplatelet therapy with the addition of a @-month course of cilostazol ( n = @ ) after successful pci .', 'the primary end point was a composite of cardiac death , nonfatal myocardial infarction , stroke , or target vessel revascularization ( tvr ) at @ year after randomization .', 'the secondary end points were tvr and hemorrhagic events .', 'triple-antiplatelet treatment was associated with a significantly lower incidence of the primary end points ( @ % vs @ % ; p = @ ) .', 'the need for tvr was similar between patients who received triple - and dual-antiplatelet treatment ( @ % vs @ % ; p = @ ) .', 'multivariate analysis showed that female patients and clinically or angiographically high-risk patients benefited more from the triple-antiplatelet treatment .', 'there were no significant differences between the @ regimens in terms of the risks for major and minor bleeding .', 'for patients with acute coronary syndromes , triple-antiplatelet therapy consisting of cilostazol , aspirin , and clopidogrel reduced long-term cardiac and cerebral events after pci , especially for patients with high-risk profiles .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "it was suggested that acute ingestion of small amounts of fructose can improve glucose homeostasis .", "to study the effect of a long-term tri-daily supplementation of catalytic amounts of fructose on glucose tolerance of subjects with type @ diabetes ( niddm ) .", "a double-blind , placebo-controlled study .", "twenty-six subjects with uncontrolled niddm as indicated by high levels of hemoglobin a@c ( hgb ( a@c ) ) and @-h postprandial glucose levels > @ mg % were assigned to either fructose or maltodextrin supplementation ( @ g ) tri-daily after each main meal .", "the subjects were challenged with a fixed meal and blood was drawn for determining levels of glucose , insulin and triglycerides before and @ h after meal at baseline and @ month after study entry .", "blood was drawn for total cholesterol , high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( ldl-c ) , fructosamine and hgb ( a@c ) before study entry and at @ , @ and @ months into the study .", "no changes were observed in the difference between postprandial and pre-meal glucose , insulin or triglyceride levels in each group or between groups .", "no significant statistical differences were found in weight , total cholesterol , ldl-c and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( hdl-c ) in each group or between groups along the study period .", "after @ month fructosamin levels decreased in the fructose-supplemented group but not in the maltodextrin-supplemented group ( p < @ ) .", "hgb ( a@c ) levels decreased with time in both groups but were significantly lower at @ months in the fructose group as compared to the maltodextrin group ( p < @ ) .", "subjects with niddm may benefit from daily supplementation of catalytic amounts of fructose in their diet ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['it was suggested that acute ingestion of small amounts of fructose can improve glucose homeostasis .', 'to study the effect of a long-term tri-daily supplementation of catalytic amounts of fructose on glucose tolerance of subjects with type @ diabetes ( niddm ) .', 'a double-blind , placebo-controlled study .', 'twenty-six subjects with uncontrolled niddm as indicated by high levels of hemoglobin a@c ( hgb ( a@c ) ) and @-h postprandial glucose levels > @ mg % were assigned to either fructose or maltodextrin supplementation ( @ g ) tri-daily after each main meal .', 'the subjects were challenged with a fixed meal and blood was drawn for determining levels of glucose , insulin and triglycerides before and @ h after meal at baseline and @ month after study entry .', 'blood was drawn for total cholesterol , high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( ldl-c ) , fructosamine and hgb ( a@c ) before study entry and at @ , @ and @ months into the study .', 'no changes were observed in the difference between postprandial and pre-meal glucose , insulin or triglyceride levels in each group or between groups .', 'no significant statistical differences were found in weight , total cholesterol , ldl-c and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( hdl-c ) in each group or between groups along the study period .', 'after @ month fructosamin levels decreased in the fructose-supplemented group but not in the maltodextrin-supplemented group ( p < @ ) .', 'hgb ( a@c ) levels decreased with time in both groups but were significantly lower at @ months in the fructose group as compared to the maltodextrin group ( p < @ ) .', 'subjects with niddm may benefit from daily supplementation of catalytic amounts of fructose in their diet .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "it is still unclear how brief counseling for smoking cessation , combined with proactive recruitment of participants , impacts on those smokers not reaching the primary treatment goal of tobacco abstinence .", "thus , within a quasi-randomized controlled trial , we examined the effects of ( @ ) practitioner-delivered brief advice and ( @ ) computer-generated tailored letters on cigarettes per day ( cpd ) among participants not succeeding in quitting .", "a total of @ general practices ( participation rate @ % ) were randomly selected in a german region .", "within these practices , @ daily smoking patients aged @-@ years ( participation rate @ % ) agreed to participate in a smoking cessation intervention trial .", "allocation to study condition was based on time of practice attendance .", "latent growth analyses were performed on the subsample of @ ( @ % ) smokers who did not reach @-month prolonged abstinence within the @-year follow-up period .", "cpd was assessed at baseline and at @ - , @ - , @ - , and @-month follow-ups .", "both interventions led to small but significant reductions in cpd , and they did not differ in efficacy .", "treatment effects occurred within the first @ months and could be sustained by the continuing smokers until the @-month follow-up .", "present results complement earlier findings of increased abstinence rates in the total sample .", "it can be concluded that , even if applied to unselected samples of smokers , from which only a minority initially intends to change , both brief counseling strategies are able to significantly decrease tobacco consumption .", "they hence appear to provide a means to reducing tobacco-related disease among general medical practice patients ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['it is still unclear how brief counseling for smoking cessation , combined with proactive recruitment of participants , impacts on those smokers not reaching the primary treatment goal of tobacco abstinence .', 'thus , within a quasi-randomized controlled trial , we examined the effects of ( @ ) practitioner-delivered brief advice and ( @ ) computer-generated tailored letters on cigarettes per day ( cpd ) among participants not succeeding in quitting .', 'a total of @ general practices ( participation rate @ % ) were randomly selected in a german region .', 'within these practices , @ daily smoking patients aged @-@ years ( participation rate @ % ) agreed to participate in a smoking cessation intervention trial .', 'allocation to study condition was based on time of practice attendance .', 'latent growth analyses were performed on the subsample of @ ( @ % ) smokers who did not reach @-month prolonged abstinence within the @-year follow-up period .', 'cpd was assessed at baseline and at @ - , @ - , @ - , and @-month follow-ups .', 'both interventions led to small but significant reductions in cpd , and they did not differ in efficacy .', 'treatment effects occurred within the first @ months and could be sustained by the continuing smokers until the @-month follow-up .', 'present results complement earlier findings of increased abstinence rates in the total sample .', 'it can be concluded that , even if applied to unselected samples of smokers , from which only a minority initially intends to change , both brief counseling strategies are able to significantly decrease tobacco consumption .', 'they hence appear to provide a means to reducing tobacco-related disease among general medical practice patients .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "human milk ( hm ) has antioxidant constituents which protect newborns against oxidative damage .", "we aimed to evaluate whether maternal consumption of herbal tea containing fenugreek had any effects on global oxidant and antioxidant capacity of hm .", "volunteer mothers @-@ years of age without any antenatal or perinatal risk factors were randomly assigned to receive galactagogue herbal tea ( humana still-tee , herford , deutschland ) @ cups/d or same amount of water as placebo .", "the total antioxidant capacity ( tac ) , total oxidant status ( tos ) and the oxidative stress index ( osi ) of breast milk samples taken in the @st day and @-@ d were compared between groups .", "herbal tea ( n = @ ) and placebo ( n = @ ) groups had similar tac , tos and osi values in the @st day samples .", "tac , tos and osi values in the breast milk samples taken on @-@th day were also similar .", "osi increased significantly in @-@ day samples compared to @st day in each group , while tac and tos levels did not differ .", "galactagogue herbal tea containing fenugreek has no detectable effect on global oxidant and antioxidant status of hm .", "osi increases in course of lactation compared to colostrums irrespective of galactagogue use ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['human milk ( hm ) has antioxidant constituents which protect newborns against oxidative damage .', 'we aimed to evaluate whether maternal consumption of herbal tea containing fenugreek had any effects on global oxidant and antioxidant capacity of hm .', 'volunteer mothers @-@ years of age without any antenatal or perinatal risk factors were randomly assigned to receive galactagogue herbal tea ( humana still-tee , herford , deutschland ) @ cups/d or same amount of water as placebo .', 'the total antioxidant capacity ( tac ) , total oxidant status ( tos ) and the oxidative stress index ( osi ) of breast milk samples taken in the @st day and @-@ d were compared between groups .', 'herbal tea ( n = @ ) and placebo ( n = @ ) groups had similar tac , tos and osi values in the @st day samples .', 'tac , tos and osi values in the breast milk samples taken on @-@th day were also similar .', 'osi increased significantly in @-@ day samples compared to @st day in each group , while tac and tos levels did not differ .', 'galactagogue herbal tea containing fenugreek has no detectable effect on global oxidant and antioxidant status of hm .', 'osi increases in course of lactation compared to colostrums irrespective of galactagogue use .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS" ]

[ "to compare the efficacy and safety of amoxicillin ( @ mg/kg/day divided twice daily ) for @ days and penicillin v ( @ mg/kg/day divided into three doses/day ) for @ days in children with group a streptococcal ( gas ) tonsillopharyngitis .", "in a prospective , comparative , open , randomized , multicenter trial , children were scheduled to return for visits @ days ( main end point ) and @ month after the completion of treatment for clinical and bacteriologic assessment .", "total dna restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to compare pre - and posttreatment gas isolates .", "between september , @ , and february , @ , @ children ( @ amoxicillin , @ penicillin v ) were enrolled , among whom @ ( @ amoxicillin , @ penicillin v ) were evaluable for safety , and @ were evaluable for efficacy .", "four days after the completion of treatment , pretreatment gas were eradicated from @ of the @ children receiving amoxicillin ( @ % ) and @ of the @ ( @ % ) taking penicillin .", "one month after the outset of treatment , bacteriologic relapses were observed in @ % ( n = @ ) of the children receiving amoxicillin and @ % ( n = @ ) of those treated with penicillin v , bacteriologic recurrences in @ and @ patients , respectively .", "adverse events related to the study medications were reported in @ patients in the amoxicillin group and @ in the penicillin v group .", "drug-related adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation occurred in @ patients , all in the penicillin v group .", "compliance , based on diary cards and the weight of study drugs returned , was significantly better in the amoxicillin group .", "conclusions .", "the efficacy and safety of amoxicillin ( @ mg/kg/day twice daily ) for @ days were not statistically different from those of penicillin ( @ mg/kg/d three times a day ) for @ days in the treatment of gas tonsillopharyngitis ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to compare the efficacy and safety of amoxicillin ( @ mg/kg/day divided twice daily ) for @ days and penicillin v ( @ mg/kg/day divided into three doses/day ) for @ days in children with group a streptococcal ( gas ) tonsillopharyngitis .', 'in a prospective , comparative , open , randomized , multicenter trial , children were scheduled to return for visits @ days ( main end point ) and @ month after the completion of treatment for clinical and bacteriologic assessment .', 'total dna restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to compare pre - and posttreatment gas isolates .', 'between september , @ , and february , @ , @ children ( @ amoxicillin , @ penicillin v ) were enrolled , among whom @ ( @ amoxicillin , @ penicillin v ) were evaluable for safety , and @ were evaluable for efficacy .', 'four days after the completion of treatment , pretreatment gas were eradicated from @ of the @ children receiving amoxicillin ( @ % ) and @ of the @ ( @ % ) taking penicillin .', 'one month after the outset of treatment , bacteriologic relapses were observed in @ % ( n = @ ) of the children receiving amoxicillin and @ % ( n = @ ) of those treated with penicillin v , bacteriologic recurrences in @ and @ patients , respectively .', 'adverse events related to the study medications were reported in @ patients in the amoxicillin group and @ in the penicillin v group .', 'drug-related adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation occurred in @ patients , all in the penicillin v group .', 'compliance , based on diary cards and the weight of study drugs returned , was significantly better in the amoxicillin group .', 'conclusions .', 'the efficacy and safety of amoxicillin ( @ mg/kg/day twice daily ) for @ days were not statistically different from those of penicillin ( @ mg/kg/d three times a day ) for @ days in the treatment of gas tonsillopharyngitis .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "small vitiliginous patches have been treated with epidermal grafts or their cell suspensions .", "in an attempt to overcome some of the shortcomings of cell suspension delivery , we have delivered melanocytes on a polymeric film .", "to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of a cultured graft consisting of autologous cultured melanocytes on a poly ( dl-lactic acid ) ( pla ) film in subjects with stable vitiligo .", "a prospective open-label , randomized , multicenter clinical trial was conducted with @ patients .", "each subject was treated with cultured graft and polyurethane dressing ( control arm ) after epidermal ablation and followed for up to @ months .", "the extent of repigmentation in the treated sites was compared with that control sites at days @ , @ , and @ .", "in the treatment arm , a minimum of @ % repigmentation was observed in five subjects at day @ ; nine at day @ , and @ at day @ .", "in the control arm , only one subject showed repigmentation until day @ .", "none of the test sites reported any recurrence of vitiliginous patches by the end of the study .", "cultured melanocytes delivered on pla film were efficacious and safe when applied on patients with stable vitiligo ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['small vitiliginous patches have been treated with epidermal grafts or their cell suspensions .', 'in an attempt to overcome some of the shortcomings of cell suspension delivery , we have delivered melanocytes on a polymeric film .', 'to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of a cultured graft consisting of autologous cultured melanocytes on a poly ( dl-lactic acid ) ( pla ) film in subjects with stable vitiligo .', 'a prospective open-label , randomized , multicenter clinical trial was conducted with @ patients .', 'each subject was treated with cultured graft and polyurethane dressing ( control arm ) after epidermal ablation and followed for up to @ months .', 'the extent of repigmentation in the treated sites was compared with that control sites at days @ , @ , and @ .', 'in the treatment arm , a minimum of @ % repigmentation was observed in five subjects at day @ ; nine at day @ , and @ at day @ .', 'in the control arm , only one subject showed repigmentation until day @ .', 'none of the test sites reported any recurrence of vitiliginous patches by the end of the study .', 'cultured melanocytes delivered on pla film were efficacious and safe when applied on patients with stable vitiligo .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "our objective was to compare the efficacy and safety of gabapentin and vigabatrin as first-line add-on treatment in patients with partial epilepsy .", "this was a multicenter , double-blind , randomized dose titration study .", "after baseline assessment and randomization , the dose could be increased if seizures persisted and reduced if side effects occurred .", "health-related quality of life was assessed at baseline and at the end of the study .", "by a protocol amendment post hoc , all randomized patients were offered a standardized perimetry examination at the end of the study .", "improvement rate was the proportion of patients with a reduction of seizure frequency of at least @ % during an @-week period without any adverse events causing withdrawal .", "one hundred two patients were randomized and analyzed on an intent-to-treat basis .", "the improvement rate was @ % in the gabapentin group and @ % in the vigabatrin group .", "the improvement rate , when per protocol criteria were fulfilled , was @ % in the gabapentin group and @ % in the vigabatrin group .", "the proportion of seizure-free patients was @ % in the gabapentin group and @ % in the vigabatrin group .", "there was no difference in quality-of-life scores between the groups .", "perimetry after termination of the study on @ patients showed abnormal results in @ of @ patients in the vigabatrin group .", "approximately one third of the patients in both groups became seizure-free .", "although no major differences were seen in terms of the improvement rate between the groups , equivalence between the two drugs was not found ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['our objective was to compare the efficacy and safety of gabapentin and vigabatrin as first-line add-on treatment in patients with partial epilepsy .', 'this was a multicenter , double-blind , randomized dose titration study .', 'after baseline assessment and randomization , the dose could be increased if seizures persisted and reduced if side effects occurred .', 'health-related quality of life was assessed at baseline and at the end of the study .', 'by a protocol amendment post hoc , all randomized patients were offered a standardized perimetry examination at the end of the study .', 'improvement rate was the proportion of patients with a reduction of seizure frequency of at least @ % during an @-week period without any adverse events causing withdrawal .', 'one hundred two patients were randomized and analyzed on an intent-to-treat basis .', 'the improvement rate was @ % in the gabapentin group and @ % in the vigabatrin group .', 'the improvement rate , when per protocol criteria were fulfilled , was @ % in the gabapentin group and @ % in the vigabatrin group .', 'the proportion of seizure-free patients was @ % in the gabapentin group and @ % in the vigabatrin group .', 'there was no difference in quality-of-life scores between the groups .', 'perimetry after termination of the study on @ patients showed abnormal results in @ of @ patients in the vigabatrin group .', 'approximately one third of the patients in both groups became seizure-free .', 'although no major differences were seen in terms of the improvement rate between the groups , equivalence between the two drugs was not found .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "heterotopic ossification around the elbow can result in pain , loss of motion , and impaired function .", "we hypothesized that a single dose of radiation therapy could be administered safely and acutely after elbow trauma , could decrease the number of elbows that would require surgical excision of heterotopic ossification , and might improve clinical results .", "a prospective randomized study was conducted at three medical centers .", "patients with an intra-articular distal humeral fracture or a fracture-dislocation of the elbow with proximal radial and/or ulnar fractures were enrolled .", "patients were randomized to receive either single-fraction radiation therapy of @ cgy immediately postoperatively ( within seventy-two hours ) or nothing ( the control group ) .", "clinical and radiographic assessment was performed at six weeks , three months , and six months postoperatively .", "all adverse events and complications were documented prospectively .", "this study was terminated prior to completion because of an unacceptably high number of adverse events reported in the treatment group .", "data were available on forty-five of the forty-eight patients enrolled in this study .", "when the rate of complications was investigated , a significant difference was detected in the frequency of nonunion between the groups .", "of the nine patients who had a nonunion , eight were in the treatment group .", "the nonunion rate was @ % ( eight ) of twenty-one patients in the treatment group , which was significantly different from the rate of @ % ( one ) of twenty-four patients in the control group ( p = @ ) .", "there were no significant differences between the groups with regard to the prevalence of heterotopic ossification , postoperative range of motion , or mayo elbow performance score noted at the time of study termination .", "this study demonstrated that postoperative single-fraction radiation therapy , when used acutely after elbow trauma for prophylaxis against heterotopic ossification , may play a role in increasing the rate of nonunion at the site of the fracture or an olecranon osteotomy .", "the clinical efficacy of radiation therapy could not be determined on the basis of the sample size .", "further research is needed to determine the role of limited-field radiation for prophylaxis against heterotopic ossification after elbow trauma ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['heterotopic ossification around the elbow can result in pain , loss of motion , and impaired function .', 'we hypothesized that a single dose of radiation therapy could be administered safely and acutely after elbow trauma , could decrease the number of elbows that would require surgical excision of heterotopic ossification , and might improve clinical results .', 'a prospective randomized study was conducted at three medical centers .', 'patients with an intra-articular distal humeral fracture or a fracture-dislocation of the elbow with proximal radial and/or ulnar fractures were enrolled .', 'patients were randomized to receive either single-fraction radiation therapy of @ cgy immediately postoperatively ( within seventy-two hours ) or nothing ( the control group ) .', 'clinical and radiographic assessment was performed at six weeks , three months , and six months postoperatively .', 'all adverse events and complications were documented prospectively .', 'this study was terminated prior to completion because of an unacceptably high number of adverse events reported in the treatment group .', 'data were available on forty-five of the forty-eight patients enrolled in this study .', 'when the rate of complications was investigated , a significant difference was detected in the frequency of nonunion between the groups .', 'of the nine patients who had a nonunion , eight were in the treatment group .', 'the nonunion rate was @ % ( eight ) of twenty-one patients in the treatment group , which was significantly different from the rate of @ % ( one ) of twenty-four patients in the control group ( p = @ ) .', 'there were no significant differences between the groups with regard to the prevalence of heterotopic ossification , postoperative range of motion , or mayo elbow performance score noted at the time of study termination .', 'this study demonstrated that postoperative single-fraction radiation therapy , when used acutely after elbow trauma for prophylaxis against heterotopic ossification , may play a role in increasing the rate of nonunion at the site of the fracture or an olecranon osteotomy .', 'the clinical efficacy of radiation therapy could not be determined on the basis of the sample size .', 'further research is needed to determine the role of limited-field radiation for prophylaxis against heterotopic ossification after elbow trauma .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "we sought to examine changes in intraocular pressure ( iop ) in the immediate period after clear corneal micro-incision cataract surgery ( mics ) and after small-incision cataract surgery ( sics ) .", "sixty-eight eyes of @ patients scheduled for coaxial phacoemulsification were randomized into one of two groups : ( a ) eyes that were to undergo a @-mm mics , and ( b ) a @-mm sics .", "at the conclusion of surgery , the iop was adjusted to the range between @-@mmhg with stromal hydration .", "the iop was measured using a rebound tonometer preoperatively , at the conclusion of surgery , and at @ , @ , @ , @ , and @min postoperatively .", "the seidel test and anterior segment-optical coherence tomography were performed at @min postoperatively .", "mean iop at the conclusion of surgery was @ mmhg in the mics group and @ mmhg in the sics group ( p = @ ) .", "in both groups , mean iop decreased to the preoperative level within @min postoperatively and did not change significantly for up to @min .", "mean iop was similar between the mics and sics groups throughout the observation period ( p@ @ ) .", "hypotony ( @mmhg ) , positive seidel test , and loss of wound coaptation were not detected in all eyes .", "after adjusting the iop to a relatively high level at the conclusion of surgery , the iop decreased within @min and was stable within @min without hypotony .", "the iop was comparable between eyes after mics and sics , and both incisions virtually closed within @min postoperatively ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['we sought to examine changes in intraocular pressure ( iop ) in the immediate period after clear corneal micro-incision cataract surgery ( mics ) and after small-incision cataract surgery ( sics ) .', 'sixty-eight eyes of @ patients scheduled for coaxial phacoemulsification were randomized into one of two groups : ( a ) eyes that were to undergo a @-mm mics , and ( b ) a @-mm sics .', 'at the conclusion of surgery , the iop was adjusted to the range between @-@mmhg with stromal hydration .', 'the iop was measured using a rebound tonometer preoperatively , at the conclusion of surgery , and at @ , @ , @ , @ , and @min postoperatively .', 'the seidel test and anterior segment-optical coherence tomography were performed at @min postoperatively .', 'mean iop at the conclusion of surgery was @ mmhg in the mics group and @ mmhg in the sics group ( p = @ ) .', 'in both groups , mean iop decreased to the preoperative level within @min postoperatively and did not change significantly for up to @min .', 'mean iop was similar between the mics and sics groups throughout the observation period ( p@ @ ) .', 'hypotony ( @mmhg ) , positive seidel test , and loss of wound coaptation were not detected in all eyes .', 'after adjusting the iop to a relatively high level at the conclusion of surgery , the iop decreased within @min and was stable within @min without hypotony .', 'the iop was comparable between eyes after mics and sics , and both incisions virtually closed within @min postoperatively .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "buprenorphine/naloxone ( bup/nx ) , an effective treatment for opioid dependence , has been implicated in hepatic toxicity .", "however , as persons taking bup/nx have multiple hepatic risk factors , comparative data are needed to quantify the risk of hepatoxicity with bup/nx .", "we compared rates of alanine aminotransferase ( alt ) elevationgrade @ ( alt@ @ times the upper limit of normal ) and graded bilirubin elevations in hiv-negative opioid injectors randomized to long-term ( @ weeks ) or short-term ( @ days ) medication assisted treatment ( lt-mat and st-mat , respectively ) with bup/nx in a multisite trial conducted in china and thailand .", "alt and bilirubin were measured at baseline , @ , @ , @ and @ weeks , times temporally remote from bup/nx exposure in the st-mat participants .", "among@ subjects with at least one laboratory follow-up measurement , @ ( @ % ) participants experienced alt elevationgrade @ .", "in an intent-to-treat analysis , the risk of alt events was similar in participants randomized to lt-mat compared with st-mat ( adjusted hazard ratio @ , @ % confidence interval @ to @ ) .", "this finding was supported by an as-treated analysis , in which actual exposure to bup/nx was considered .", "hepatitis c seroconversion during follow-up was strongly associated with alt events .", "bilirubin elevationsgrade @ occurred in @ % of subjects , with no significant difference between arms .", "over @-week follow-up , the risk of hepatotoxicity was similar in opioid injectors receiving brief and prolonged treatment with bup/nx .", "these data suggest that most hepatotoxic events observed during treatment with bup/nx are due to other factors ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['buprenorphine/naloxone ( bup/nx ) , an effective treatment for opioid dependence , has been implicated in hepatic toxicity .', 'however , as persons taking bup/nx have multiple hepatic risk factors , comparative data are needed to quantify the risk of hepatoxicity with bup/nx .', 'we compared rates of alanine aminotransferase ( alt ) elevationgrade @ ( alt@ @ times the upper limit of normal ) and graded bilirubin elevations in hiv-negative opioid injectors randomized to long-term ( @ weeks ) or short-term ( @ days ) medication assisted treatment ( lt-mat and st-mat , respectively ) with bup/nx in a multisite trial conducted in china and thailand .', 'alt and bilirubin were measured at baseline , @ , @ , @ and @ weeks , times temporally remote from bup/nx exposure in the st-mat participants .', 'among@ subjects with at least one laboratory follow-up measurement , @ ( @ % ) participants experienced alt elevationgrade @ .', 'in an intent-to-treat analysis , the risk of alt events was similar in participants randomized to lt-mat compared with st-mat ( adjusted hazard ratio @ , @ % confidence interval @ to @ ) .', 'this finding was supported by an as-treated analysis , in which actual exposure to bup/nx was considered .', 'hepatitis c seroconversion during follow-up was strongly associated with alt events .', 'bilirubin elevationsgrade @ occurred in @ % of subjects , with no significant difference between arms .', 'over @-week follow-up , the risk of hepatotoxicity was similar in opioid injectors receiving brief and prolonged treatment with bup/nx .', 'these data suggest that most hepatotoxic events observed during treatment with bup/nx are due to other factors .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "patients with type @ diabetes face heightened risk of hypoglycemia after exercise .", "subsequent overfeeding , as a preventative measure against hypoglycemia , negates the energy deficit after exercise .", "patients are also required to reduce the insulin dose administered with postexercise foods to further combat hypoglycemia .", "however , the insulin dose is dictated solely by the carbohydrate content , even though postprandial glycemia is vastly influenced by glycemic index ( gi ) .", "with a need to control the postexercise energy balance , appetite responses after meals differing in gi are of particular interest .", "we assessed the appetite response to low-glycemic index ( lgi ) and high-glycemic index ( hgi ) postexercise meals in type @ diabetes patients .", "this assessment also offered us the opportunity to evaluate the influence of gi on appetite responses independently of insulinemia , which confounds findings in individuals without diabetes .", "ten physically active men with type @ diabetes completed @ trials in a randomized crossover design .", "after @ min of treadmill exercise at @ % of the peak oxygen uptake , participants consumed an lgi ( gi @ ) or hgi ( gi @ ) meal with a matched macronutrient composition , negligible fiber content , and standardized insulin-dose administration .", "the postprandial appetite response was determined for @ min postmeal .", "during this time , circulating glucose , insulin , glucagon , and glucagon-like peptide-@ ( glp-@ ) concentrations and subjective appetite ratings were determined .", "the hgi meal produced an @ % greater postprandial glucose area under the curve ( auc ) than did the lgi meal ( p = @ ) .", "insulin , glucagon , and glp-@ did not significantly differ between trials ( p > @ ) .", "the fullness auc was @ % greater after the hgi meal than after the lgi meal ( p < @ ) , whereas hunger sensations were @ % lower after the hgi meal than after the lgi meal ( p = @ ) .", "under conditions of matched insulinemia and fiber , an hgi postexercise meal suppresses feelings of hunger and augments postprandial fullness sensations more so than an otherwise equivalent lgi meal in type @ diabetes patients ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['patients with type @ diabetes face heightened risk of hypoglycemia after exercise .', 'subsequent overfeeding , as a preventative measure against hypoglycemia , negates the energy deficit after exercise .', 'patients are also required to reduce the insulin dose administered with postexercise foods to further combat hypoglycemia .', 'however , the insulin dose is dictated solely by the carbohydrate content , even though postprandial glycemia is vastly influenced by glycemic index ( gi ) .', 'with a need to control the postexercise energy balance , appetite responses after meals differing in gi are of particular interest .', 'we assessed the appetite response to low-glycemic index ( lgi ) and high-glycemic index ( hgi ) postexercise meals in type @ diabetes patients .', 'this assessment also offered us the opportunity to evaluate the influence of gi on appetite responses independently of insulinemia , which confounds findings in individuals without diabetes .', 'ten physically active men with type @ diabetes completed @ trials in a randomized crossover design .', 'after @ min of treadmill exercise at @ % of the peak oxygen uptake , participants consumed an lgi ( gi @ ) or hgi ( gi @ ) meal with a matched macronutrient composition , negligible fiber content , and standardized insulin-dose administration .', 'the postprandial appetite response was determined for @ min postmeal .', 'during this time , circulating glucose , insulin , glucagon , and glucagon-like peptide-@ ( glp-@ ) concentrations and subjective appetite ratings were determined .', 'the hgi meal produced an @ % greater postprandial glucose area under the curve ( auc ) than did the lgi meal ( p = @ ) .', 'insulin , glucagon , and glp-@ did not significantly differ between trials ( p > @ ) .', 'the fullness auc was @ % greater after the hgi meal than after the lgi meal ( p < @ ) , whereas hunger sensations were @ % lower after the hgi meal than after the lgi meal ( p = @ ) .', 'under conditions of matched insulinemia and fiber , an hgi postexercise meal suppresses feelings of hunger and augments postprandial fullness sensations more so than an otherwise equivalent lgi meal in type @ diabetes patients .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to develop and validate a method for identifying persons with undiagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) using outpatient pharmacy data .", "case-control analysis of managed care administrative data with clinical validation by spirometry and standardized questionnaires .", "patients with a new diagnosis of copd were matched to @ control subjects by age and sex .", "outpatient pharmacy utilization for the @ years prior to the initial diagnosis was captured .", "drugs associated with an eventual diagnosis of copd were identified using conditional logistic regression , and then entered into a predictive algorithm using discriminant function analysis .", "the algorithm was tested in a second population from the same health plan and externally validated using @ large multicenter databases .", "this system was clinically validated by testing @ individuals identified by the algorithm with spirometry plus health status and respiratory symptoms questionnaires .", "copd patients used significantly more antibiotics , cardiac medications , and respiratory drugs than their matched controls .", "the final algorithm identified copd patients with a sensitivity of @ % and specificity of @ % , without the benefit of knowing any patient 's smoking history .", "of the first @ persons identified by the algorithm as being at risk and recruited for testing , @ were proven to have previously undiagnosed copd .", "pharmacy utilization increases in the years prior to initial copd diagnosis .", "algorithms based on pharmacy utilization can efficiently identify persons at risk for undiagnosed copd ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to develop and validate a method for identifying persons with undiagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) using outpatient pharmacy data .', 'case-control analysis of managed care administrative data with clinical validation by spirometry and standardized questionnaires .', 'patients with a new diagnosis of copd were matched to @ control subjects by age and sex .', 'outpatient pharmacy utilization for the @ years prior to the initial diagnosis was captured .', 'drugs associated with an eventual diagnosis of copd were identified using conditional logistic regression , and then entered into a predictive algorithm using discriminant function analysis .', 'the algorithm was tested in a second population from the same health plan and externally validated using @ large multicenter databases .', 'this system was clinically validated by testing @ individuals identified by the algorithm with spirometry plus health status and respiratory symptoms questionnaires .', 'copd patients used significantly more antibiotics , cardiac medications , and respiratory drugs than their matched controls .', \"the final algorithm identified copd patients with a sensitivity of @ % and specificity of @ % , without the benefit of knowing any patient 's smoking history .\", 'of the first @ persons identified by the algorithm as being at risk and recruited for testing , @ were proven to have previously undiagnosed copd .', 'pharmacy utilization increases in the years prior to initial copd diagnosis .', 'algorithms based on pharmacy utilization can efficiently identify persons at risk for undiagnosed copd .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "computer-administered assessment of cognitive function is being increasingly incorporated in clinical trials ; however , its performance in these settings has not been systematically evaluated .", "the seniors health and activity research program pilot trial ( n = @ ) developed a computer-based tool for assessing memory performance and executive functioning .", "the lifestyle interventions and independence for elders investigators incorporated this battery in a full-scale multicenter clinical trial ( n = @ ) .", "we describe relationships that test scores have with those from interviewer-administered cognitive function tests and risk factors for cognitive deficits and describe performance measures ( completeness , intraclass correlations [ icc ] ) .", "computer-based assessments of cognitive function had consistent relationships across the pilot and full-scale trial cohorts with interviewer-administered assessments of cognitive function , age , and a measure of physical function .", "in the lifestyle interventions and independence for elders cohort , their external validity was further demonstrated by associations with other risk factors for cognitive dysfunction : education , hypertension , diabetes , and physical function .", "acceptable levels of data completeness ( > @ % ) were achieved on all computer-based measures ; however , rates of missing data were higher among older participants ( odds ratio = @ for each additional year ; p < @ ) and those who reported no current computer use ( odds ratio = @ ; p < @ ) .", "iccs among clinics were at least as low ( icc < @ ) as for interviewer measures ( icc < @ ) , reflecting good standardization .", "all cognitive measures loaded onto the first principal component ( global cognitive function ) , which accounted for @ % of the overall variance .", "our results support the use of computer-based tools for assessing cognitive function in multicenter clinical trials of older individuals ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['computer-administered assessment of cognitive function is being increasingly incorporated in clinical trials ; however , its performance in these settings has not been systematically evaluated .', 'the seniors health and activity research program pilot trial ( n = @ ) developed a computer-based tool for assessing memory performance and executive functioning .', 'the lifestyle interventions and independence for elders investigators incorporated this battery in a full-scale multicenter clinical trial ( n = @ ) .', 'we describe relationships that test scores have with those from interviewer-administered cognitive function tests and risk factors for cognitive deficits and describe performance measures ( completeness , intraclass correlations [ icc ] ) .', 'computer-based assessments of cognitive function had consistent relationships across the pilot and full-scale trial cohorts with interviewer-administered assessments of cognitive function , age , and a measure of physical function .', 'in the lifestyle interventions and independence for elders cohort , their external validity was further demonstrated by associations with other risk factors for cognitive dysfunction : education , hypertension , diabetes , and physical function .', 'acceptable levels of data completeness ( > @ % ) were achieved on all computer-based measures ; however , rates of missing data were higher among older participants ( odds ratio = @ for each additional year ; p < @ ) and those who reported no current computer use ( odds ratio = @ ; p < @ ) .', 'iccs among clinics were at least as low ( icc < @ ) as for interviewer measures ( icc < @ ) , reflecting good standardization .', 'all cognitive measures loaded onto the first principal component ( global cognitive function ) , which accounted for @ % of the overall variance .', 'our results support the use of computer-based tools for assessing cognitive function in multicenter clinical trials of older individuals .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "gi endoscopy without general anesthesia causes a hyperperistaltic state in the stomach , which frequently necessitates the use of antispasmodic agents , such as hyoscine-n-butylbromide , but these drugs have side effects .", "peppermint oil is harmless and acts locally to inhibit gi smooth muscle contraction .", "a randomized double-blind , double-dummy , controlled trial was conducted in @ patients to compare the antispasmodic effects of hyoscine-n-butylbromide administered intramuscularly and a placebo solution administered intraluminally by means of the endoscope , and also the effects of a placebo solution administered intramuscularly with those of a peppermint oil solution administered intraluminally .", "the percent change in diameter of the pyloric ring before and after the administrations was defined as the opening ratio , and the percent change in diameter between the maximally and minimally opened pyloric ring states was defined as the contraction ratio .", "time until disappearance of the contraction ring ( s ) in the gastric antrum and side effects of the drugs were also determined .", "the opening ratio was significantly higher in the peppermint oil administration group than in the hyoscine-n-butylbromide injection group .", "the contraction ratio after peppermint oil administration was significantly lower than that after hyoscine-n-butylbromide injection .", "the time required for disappearance of the antral contraction ring ( s ) was shorter in the peppermint oil group ( @ + / - @ ) than in the hyoscine-n-butylbromide group ( @ + / - @ s ; p < @ ) .", "no significant side effects were associated with peppermint oil , whereas hyoscine-n-butylbromide injection produced side effects such as dry mouth , blurred vision , and urinary retention .", "peppermint oil solution administered intraluminally can be used as an antispasmodic agent with superior efficacy and fewer side effects than hyoscine-n-butylbromide administered by intramuscular injection during upper endoscopy ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['gi endoscopy without general anesthesia causes a hyperperistaltic state in the stomach , which frequently necessitates the use of antispasmodic agents , such as hyoscine-n-butylbromide , but these drugs have side effects .', 'peppermint oil is harmless and acts locally to inhibit gi smooth muscle contraction .', 'a randomized double-blind , double-dummy , controlled trial was conducted in @ patients to compare the antispasmodic effects of hyoscine-n-butylbromide administered intramuscularly and a placebo solution administered intraluminally by means of the endoscope , and also the effects of a placebo solution administered intramuscularly with those of a peppermint oil solution administered intraluminally .', 'the percent change in diameter of the pyloric ring before and after the administrations was defined as the opening ratio , and the percent change in diameter between the maximally and minimally opened pyloric ring states was defined as the contraction ratio .', 'time until disappearance of the contraction ring ( s ) in the gastric antrum and side effects of the drugs were also determined .', 'the opening ratio was significantly higher in the peppermint oil administration group than in the hyoscine-n-butylbromide injection group .', 'the contraction ratio after peppermint oil administration was significantly lower than that after hyoscine-n-butylbromide injection .', 'the time required for disappearance of the antral contraction ring ( s ) was shorter in the peppermint oil group ( @ + / - @ ) than in the hyoscine-n-butylbromide group ( @ + / - @ s ; p < @ ) .', 'no significant side effects were associated with peppermint oil , whereas hyoscine-n-butylbromide injection produced side effects such as dry mouth , blurred vision , and urinary retention .', 'peppermint oil solution administered intraluminally can be used as an antispasmodic agent with superior efficacy and fewer side effects than hyoscine-n-butylbromide administered by intramuscular injection during upper endoscopy .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "athletic performance demands simultaneous use of cognitive and postural control capabilities .", "decrements to both systems have been observed following concussion .", "this study evaluated a dual-task methodology to establish the tenability of using this testing model in concussed athletes .", "nonconcussed subjects were assessed over @ d. subjects were introduced to the task-switching cognitive assessment test and a neurocom smart balance master postural control assessment protocol on day @ .", "in the following session , subjects were evaluated on postural control and cognitive function tests independently ( single task ) , and then concurrently ( dual task ) .", "significant improvements were seen in three of the four balance conditions and in three of the four reaction times when the cognitive and balance task were performed simultaneously ( p < @ ) .", "no significant balance by cognitive task interaction was revealed ( p > @ ) ; however , significant differences existed in reaction time based on stimulus position and increasing balance demands ( p < @ ) .", "combining the cognitive and balance assessments resulted in healthy subjects showing improved performance when compared with individual task performance .", "the dual-task methodology brought about systematic changes to reaction time in relation to increasing balance demands .", "the ability of this protocol to detect changes in postural control or cognitive function following concussive injury requires further study ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['athletic performance demands simultaneous use of cognitive and postural control capabilities .', 'decrements to both systems have been observed following concussion .', 'this study evaluated a dual-task methodology to establish the tenability of using this testing model in concussed athletes .', 'nonconcussed subjects were assessed over @ d. subjects were introduced to the task-switching cognitive assessment test and a neurocom smart balance master postural control assessment protocol on day @ .', 'in the following session , subjects were evaluated on postural control and cognitive function tests independently ( single task ) , and then concurrently ( dual task ) .', 'significant improvements were seen in three of the four balance conditions and in three of the four reaction times when the cognitive and balance task were performed simultaneously ( p < @ ) .', 'no significant balance by cognitive task interaction was revealed ( p > @ ) ; however , significant differences existed in reaction time based on stimulus position and increasing balance demands ( p < @ ) .', 'combining the cognitive and balance assessments resulted in healthy subjects showing improved performance when compared with individual task performance .', 'the dual-task methodology brought about systematic changes to reaction time in relation to increasing balance demands .', 'the ability of this protocol to detect changes in postural control or cognitive function following concussive injury requires further study .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the requirement for antimicrobial agents in patients with minor limb lacerations was prospectively studied .", "the development of wound infections in patients with minor limb lacerations who received amoxicillin plus clavulanate acid treatment ( group a , @ patients ) was studied and compared with patients who did not ( group b , @ patients ) .", "wound infection occurred in @ ( @ % ) and @ ( @ % ) patients in groups a and b , respectively ( p > @ ) .", "statistically significant risk factors for the development of infection were diabetes mellitus ( odds ratio [ or ] , @ ; p < @ ) , lower limb lacerations ( or , @ ; p < @ ) , lacerations caused by compressive forces ( or , @ ; p = @ ) , laceration length from @ to @ cm ( or , @ ; p = @ ) , ragged laceration edge ( or , @ ; p = @ ) , and skin tension ( or , @ ; p = @ ) .", "the use of antimicrobial agents in minor limb injuries was not associated with a significant reduction of infection rate .", "routine antimicrobial treatment is discouraged ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the requirement for antimicrobial agents in patients with minor limb lacerations was prospectively studied .', 'the development of wound infections in patients with minor limb lacerations who received amoxicillin plus clavulanate acid treatment ( group a , @ patients ) was studied and compared with patients who did not ( group b , @ patients ) .', 'wound infection occurred in @ ( @ % ) and @ ( @ % ) patients in groups a and b , respectively ( p > @ ) .', 'statistically significant risk factors for the development of infection were diabetes mellitus ( odds ratio [ or ] , @ ; p < @ ) , lower limb lacerations ( or , @ ; p < @ ) , lacerations caused by compressive forces ( or , @ ; p = @ ) , laceration length from @ to @ cm ( or , @ ; p = @ ) , ragged laceration edge ( or , @ ; p = @ ) , and skin tension ( or , @ ; p = @ ) .', 'the use of antimicrobial agents in minor limb injuries was not associated with a significant reduction of infection rate .', 'routine antimicrobial treatment is discouraged .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "( a ) to determine which of two values clarification exercises ( vce ) , based on theoretical decision rules used naturally by people , would be more helpful to patients making a treatment decision and ( b ) to evaluate the convergent validity of the most helpful vce when part of a decision aid for the treatment of early-stage prostate cancer .", "two studies were completed .", "study @ : ninety community volunteers were assigned at random to one of three groups and all made a hypothetical treatment decision .", "two groups received vces , one with a summary and one without , and the third was a control group .", "study @ : in a multi-centre phase ii trial , @ patients used the decision aid that included the exercise ranked most helpful in study @ .", "decision aid assessments included the decisional conflict scale , treatment valuation assessment and regret .", "study @ : most participants in each group ranked the vce with the summary as most helpful .", "study @ : vce outputs , such as the size of the summary , were associated in predictable ways with the decision aid assessments .", "the vce ranked most helpful in study @ showed convergent validity with decision aid assessments .", "with the interpretation of the vce outputs now validated , a randomized controlled trial is required to determine if the exercise helps patients more than the aid without the exercise ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['( a ) to determine which of two values clarification exercises ( vce ) , based on theoretical decision rules used naturally by people , would be more helpful to patients making a treatment decision and ( b ) to evaluate the convergent validity of the most helpful vce when part of a decision aid for the treatment of early-stage prostate cancer .', 'two studies were completed .', 'study @ : ninety community volunteers were assigned at random to one of three groups and all made a hypothetical treatment decision .', 'two groups received vces , one with a summary and one without , and the third was a control group .', 'study @ : in a multi-centre phase ii trial , @ patients used the decision aid that included the exercise ranked most helpful in study @ .', 'decision aid assessments included the decisional conflict scale , treatment valuation assessment and regret .', 'study @ : most participants in each group ranked the vce with the summary as most helpful .', 'study @ : vce outputs , such as the size of the summary , were associated in predictable ways with the decision aid assessments .', 'the vce ranked most helpful in study @ showed convergent validity with decision aid assessments .', 'with the interpretation of the vce outputs now validated , a randomized controlled trial is required to determine if the exercise helps patients more than the aid without the exercise .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "as the overall evidence for the effectiveness of teaching of evidence based medicine ( ebm ) is not strong , and the impact of cultural and societal influences on teaching method is poorly understood , we undertook a randomised-controlled trial to test the effectiveness and learning satisfaction with two different ebm teaching methods ( usual teaching vs. problem based learning ( pbl ) ) for undergraduate medical students .", "a mixed methods study that included a randomised-controlled crossover trial with two intervention arms ( usual teaching and pbl ) and a nested qualitative study with focus groups to explore student perceptions of learning and to assess the effectiveness and utility of the two teaching methods.all @ second-year medical students at the university of hong kong in @ .", "the main outcomes measures were attitudes towards ebm ; personal application and current use of ebm ; ebm knowledge ; future use of ebm .", "pbl was less effective at imparting knowledge than usual teaching consisting of a lecture followed by a group tutorial .", "after usual teaching students showed improvement in scores for ` attitudes towards ebm ' , ` personal application and current use of ebm ' and ` ebm knowledge , which were not evident after pbl .", "in contrast to the usual teaching , students found pbl difficult as they lacked the statistical knowledge necessary to support discussion , failed to understand core concepts , and lost direction .", "the evidence presented here would suggest that the teaching of ebm within an asian environment should adopt a format that facilitates both the acquisition of knowledge and encourages enquiry ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['as the overall evidence for the effectiveness of teaching of evidence based medicine ( ebm ) is not strong , and the impact of cultural and societal influences on teaching method is poorly understood , we undertook a randomised-controlled trial to test the effectiveness and learning satisfaction with two different ebm teaching methods ( usual teaching vs. problem based learning ( pbl ) ) for undergraduate medical students .', 'a mixed methods study that included a randomised-controlled crossover trial with two intervention arms ( usual teaching and pbl ) and a nested qualitative study with focus groups to explore student perceptions of learning and to assess the effectiveness and utility of the two teaching methods.all @ second-year medical students at the university of hong kong in @ .', 'the main outcomes measures were attitudes towards ebm ; personal application and current use of ebm ; ebm knowledge ; future use of ebm .', 'pbl was less effective at imparting knowledge than usual teaching consisting of a lecture followed by a group tutorial .', \"after usual teaching students showed improvement in scores for ` attitudes towards ebm ' , ` personal application and current use of ebm ' and ` ebm knowledge , which were not evident after pbl .\", 'in contrast to the usual teaching , students found pbl difficult as they lacked the statistical knowledge necessary to support discussion , failed to understand core concepts , and lost direction .', 'the evidence presented here would suggest that the teaching of ebm within an asian environment should adopt a format that facilitates both the acquisition of knowledge and encourages enquiry .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to study the effect of calcium supplementation during pregnancy on blood pressure and maternal and neonatal outcomes .", "a total of @ healthy primigravidas with a blood pressure less than @/@ mm hg were randomly assigned between the @th and @th weeks to receive @ g of elemental calcium or placebo and were followed-up until delivery .", "the incidence of pre-eclampsia was significantly less in the calcium than in the placebo group ( @ % vs @ % ; odds ratio [ or ] , @ ; @ % confidence interval [ ci ] , @-@ @ ) ; the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures at study completion were different in the calcium and placebo group ( p = @ and p = @ ) .", "the risk for preterm delivery was less in the calcium ( @ % ) than in the placebo ( @ % ) group ( or , @ ; @ % ci , @-@ @ ) .", "the mean baseline calcium intake was @ + / -@ mg/day ( range , @-@ @ mg/day ) , which is lower than the recommended dietary intake of @ mg , and the @-hour urinary calcium excretion was @ + / -@ mg/dl ( range , @-@ mg/dl ) .", "calcium supplementation appears to reduce the occurrence of pre-eclampsia and preterm delivery in primigravidas who have a daily dietary calcium intake less than the recommended dietary allowances ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to study the effect of calcium supplementation during pregnancy on blood pressure and maternal and neonatal outcomes .', 'a total of @ healthy primigravidas with a blood pressure less than @/@ mm hg were randomly assigned between the @th and @th weeks to receive @ g of elemental calcium or placebo and were followed-up until delivery .', 'the incidence of pre-eclampsia was significantly less in the calcium than in the placebo group ( @ % vs @ % ; odds ratio [ or ] , @ ; @ % confidence interval [ ci ] , @-@ @ ) ; the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures at study completion were different in the calcium and placebo group ( p = @ and p = @ ) .', 'the risk for preterm delivery was less in the calcium ( @ % ) than in the placebo ( @ % ) group ( or , @ ; @ % ci , @-@ @ ) .', 'the mean baseline calcium intake was @ + / -@ mg/day ( range , @-@ @ mg/day ) , which is lower than the recommended dietary intake of @ mg , and the @-hour urinary calcium excretion was @ + / -@ mg/dl ( range , @-@ mg/dl ) .', 'calcium supplementation appears to reduce the occurrence of pre-eclampsia and preterm delivery in primigravidas who have a daily dietary calcium intake less than the recommended dietary allowances .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to assess health-related quality of life outcomes after endovascular versus open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair .", "participants were randomly assigned to receive either endovascular or open abdominal aortic aneurysm ( aaa ) surgery according to a rate of @ endovascular patients to @ with open repair .", "data on patient characteristics , operative aspects , and procedural and device-related complications were compiled at a single center .", "health-related quality of life was assessed before treatment and @ and @ months following operation using the medical outcomes study short-form @-item health survey ( sf-@ ) and the euroqol questionnaire .", "between @ and @ , @ patients ( @ men ; mean age @ years , range @-@ ) underwent endovascular and @ patients ( @ men ; mean age @ years , range @-@ ) underwent open aaa repairs .", "preoperatively , comparable scores were recorded in both treatment groups .", "one month after operation , patients of both groups scored significantly lower on the sf-@ domains of role limitations due to physical problems and pain compared to preoperative scores .", "three months after operation , both groups had scores in all domains comparable to preoperative levels of functioning .", "there was a significant benefit for the endovascular group @ month after operation in the sf-@ domains of physical functioning , role limitations due to physical problems , vitality , and pain ; their score on the euroqol usual activities item was also significantly better .", "after @ months , there were no longer differences between groups .", "short-term health-related quality of life benefits were found after endovascular repair compared with standard open surgery ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to assess health-related quality of life outcomes after endovascular versus open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair .', 'participants were randomly assigned to receive either endovascular or open abdominal aortic aneurysm ( aaa ) surgery according to a rate of @ endovascular patients to @ with open repair .', 'data on patient characteristics , operative aspects , and procedural and device-related complications were compiled at a single center .', 'health-related quality of life was assessed before treatment and @ and @ months following operation using the medical outcomes study short-form @-item health survey ( sf-@ ) and the euroqol questionnaire .', 'between @ and @ , @ patients ( @ men ; mean age @ years , range @-@ ) underwent endovascular and @ patients ( @ men ; mean age @ years , range @-@ ) underwent open aaa repairs .', 'preoperatively , comparable scores were recorded in both treatment groups .', 'one month after operation , patients of both groups scored significantly lower on the sf-@ domains of role limitations due to physical problems and pain compared to preoperative scores .', 'three months after operation , both groups had scores in all domains comparable to preoperative levels of functioning .', 'there was a significant benefit for the endovascular group @ month after operation in the sf-@ domains of physical functioning , role limitations due to physical problems , vitality , and pain ; their score on the euroqol usual activities item was also significantly better .', 'after @ months , there were no longer differences between groups .', 'short-term health-related quality of life benefits were found after endovascular repair compared with standard open surgery .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "continuous passive motion after major knee surgery optimizes the functional prognosis but causes severe pain .", "the authors tested the hypothesis that postoperative analgesic techniques influence surgical outcome and the duration of convalescence .", "before standardized general anesthesia , @ adult scheduled for major knee surgery were randomly assigned to one of three groups , each to receive a different postoperative analgesic technique for @ h : continuous epidural infusion , continuous femoral block , or intravenous patient-controlled morphine ( dose , @ mg ; lockout interval , @ min ; maximum dose , @ mg/@ h ) .", "the first two techniques were performed using a solution of @ % lidocaine , @ mg/ml morphine , and @ microg/ml clonidine administered at @ ml x kg ( -@ ) x h ( -@ ) .", "pain was assessed at rest and during continuous passive motion using a visual analog scale .", "the early postoperative maximal amplitude of knee flexion was measured during continuous passive motion at @ h and @ h and compared with the target levels prescribed by the surgeon .", "to evaluate functional outcome , the maximal amplitudes were measured again on postoperative day @ , at hospital discharge ( day @ ) , and at @ - and @-month follow-up examinations .", "when the patients left the surgical ward , they were admitted to a rehabilitation center , where their length of stay depended on prospectively determined discharge criteria", "the continuous epidural infusion and continuous femoral block groups showed significantly lower visual analog scale scores at rest and during continuous passive motion compared with the patient-controlled morphine group .", "the early postoperative knee mobilization levels in both continuous epidural infusion and continuous femoral block groups were significantly closer to the target levels prescribed by the surgeon than in the patient-controlled morphine group .", "on postoperative day @ , these values were @ degrees ( @-@ degrees ) ( median and @th-@th percentiles ) in the continuous epidural infusion group , @ degrees ( @-@ degrees ) in the continuous femoral block group , and @ degrees ( @-@ degrees ) in the patient-controlled morphine group ( p < @ ) .", "the durations of stay in the rehabilitation center were significantly shorter : @ days ( range , @-@ days ) in the continuous epidural infusion group , @ days ( range , @-@ days ) in the continuous femoral block group , and @ days ( range , @-@ days ) in the patient-controlled morphine group ( p < @ ) .", "side effects were encountered more frequently in the continuous epidural infusion group .", "regional analgesic techniques improve early rehabilitation after major knee surgery by effectively controlling pain during continuous passive motion , thereby hastening convalescence ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['continuous passive motion after major knee surgery optimizes the functional prognosis but causes severe pain .', 'the authors tested the hypothesis that postoperative analgesic techniques influence surgical outcome and the duration of convalescence .', 'before standardized general anesthesia , @ adult scheduled for major knee surgery were randomly assigned to one of three groups , each to receive a different postoperative analgesic technique for @ h : continuous epidural infusion , continuous femoral block , or intravenous patient-controlled morphine ( dose , @ mg ; lockout interval , @ min ; maximum dose , @ mg/@ h ) .', 'the first two techniques were performed using a solution of @ % lidocaine , @ mg/ml morphine , and @ microg/ml clonidine administered at @ ml x kg ( -@ ) x h ( -@ ) .', 'pain was assessed at rest and during continuous passive motion using a visual analog scale .', 'the early postoperative maximal amplitude of knee flexion was measured during continuous passive motion at @ h and @ h and compared with the target levels prescribed by the surgeon .', 'to evaluate functional outcome , the maximal amplitudes were measured again on postoperative day @ , at hospital discharge ( day @ ) , and at @ - and @-month follow-up examinations .', 'when the patients left the surgical ward , they were admitted to a rehabilitation center , where their length of stay depended on prospectively determined discharge criteria', 'the continuous epidural infusion and continuous femoral block groups showed significantly lower visual analog scale scores at rest and during continuous passive motion compared with the patient-controlled morphine group .', 'the early postoperative knee mobilization levels in both continuous epidural infusion and continuous femoral block groups were significantly closer to the target levels prescribed by the surgeon than in the patient-controlled morphine group .', 'on postoperative day @ , these values were @ degrees ( @-@ degrees ) ( median and @th-@th percentiles ) in the continuous epidural infusion group , @ degrees ( @-@ degrees ) in the continuous femoral block group , and @ degrees ( @-@ degrees ) in the patient-controlled morphine group ( p < @ ) .', 'the durations of stay in the rehabilitation center were significantly shorter : @ days ( range , @-@ days ) in the continuous epidural infusion group , @ days ( range , @-@ days ) in the continuous femoral block group , and @ days ( range , @-@ days ) in the patient-controlled morphine group ( p < @ ) .', 'side effects were encountered more frequently in the continuous epidural infusion group .', 'regional analgesic techniques improve early rehabilitation after major knee surgery by effectively controlling pain during continuous passive motion , thereby hastening convalescence .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "high-dose supplements of thiamine prevent the development of microalbuminuria in experimental diabetes .", "the aim of this pilot study was to assess whether oral supplements of thiamine could reverse microalbuminuria in patients with type @ diabetes .", "type @ diabetic patients ( @ male , @ female ) with microalbuminuria were recruited at the diabetes clinic , sheikh zayed hospital , lahore , pakistan , and randomised to placebo and treatment arms .", "randomisation was by central office in sequentially numbered opaque , sealed envelopes .", "participants , caregivers and those assessing the outcomes were blinded to group assignment .", "patients were given @ x @ mg capsules of thiamine or placebo per day for @ months with a @ month follow-up washout period .", "the primary endpoint was change in urinary albumin excretion ( uae ) .", "other markers of renal and vascular dysfunction and plasma concentrations of thiamine were determined .", "uae was decreased in patients receiving thiamine therapy for @ months with respect to baseline ( median -@ mg/@ h ; p < @ , n = @ ) .", "there was no significant decrease in uae in patients receiving placebo after @ months of therapy ( n = @ ) .", "uae was significantly lower in patients who had received thiamine therapy compared with those who had received placebo ( @ vs @ mg/@ h , p < @ ) but not at baseline .", "uae continued to decrease in the @ month washout period in both groups , but not significantly .", "there was no effect of thiamine treatment on glycaemic control , dyslipidaemia or bp .", "there were no adverse effects of therapy .", "in this pilot study , high-dose thiamine therapy produced a regression of uae in type @ diabetic patients with microalbuminuria .", "thiamine supplements at high dose may provide improved therapy for early-stage diabetic nephropathy .", "ctri ( india ) ctri/@/@ / @ .", "pakistan higher education commission ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['high-dose supplements of thiamine prevent the development of microalbuminuria in experimental diabetes .', 'the aim of this pilot study was to assess whether oral supplements of thiamine could reverse microalbuminuria in patients with type @ diabetes .', 'type @ diabetic patients ( @ male , @ female ) with microalbuminuria were recruited at the diabetes clinic , sheikh zayed hospital , lahore , pakistan , and randomised to placebo and treatment arms .', 'randomisation was by central office in sequentially numbered opaque , sealed envelopes .', 'participants , caregivers and those assessing the outcomes were blinded to group assignment .', 'patients were given @ x @ mg capsules of thiamine or placebo per day for @ months with a @ month follow-up washout period .', 'the primary endpoint was change in urinary albumin excretion ( uae ) .', 'other markers of renal and vascular dysfunction and plasma concentrations of thiamine were determined .', 'uae was decreased in patients receiving thiamine therapy for @ months with respect to baseline ( median -@ mg/@ h ; p < @ , n = @ ) .', 'there was no significant decrease in uae in patients receiving placebo after @ months of therapy ( n = @ ) .', 'uae was significantly lower in patients who had received thiamine therapy compared with those who had received placebo ( @ vs @ mg/@ h , p < @ ) but not at baseline .', 'uae continued to decrease in the @ month washout period in both groups , but not significantly .', 'there was no effect of thiamine treatment on glycaemic control , dyslipidaemia or bp .', 'there were no adverse effects of therapy .', 'in this pilot study , high-dose thiamine therapy produced a regression of uae in type @ diabetic patients with microalbuminuria .', 'thiamine supplements at high dose may provide improved therapy for early-stage diabetic nephropathy .', 'ctri ( india ) ctri/@/@ / @ .', 'pakistan higher education commission .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS" ]

[ "surgery is succeeded by long-lasting state of relative peripheral insulin resistance , which is reduced by giving glucose infusion or oral carbohydrate-rich drinks immediate before operating instead of fasting .", "the aim of the present study was to investigate whether oral carbohydrate or carbohydrate with peptide drinks preoperatively instead of fasting would improve postoperative voluntary muscle strength , nutritional intake and ambulation , decrease postoperative fatigue , anxiety and discomfort , and reduce the endocrine response to surgery .", "forty-eight patients were included and randomized into three groups to receive @ x @ ml of carbohydrate-rich drinks or to fast overnight and allowed only water .", "voluntary grip and quadriceps strength , body composition , pulmonary function , vas-score of eight parameters of wellbeing , muscle biopsies and insulin , glucagon , igf-@ and free fatty acids were measured before and after the operation .", "the basic postoperative regimen for all groups were immediate oral nutrition and early enforced mobilization .", "significant postoperative decrease in glycogen synthase activity in the muscle biopsies was reduced in the intervention groups , and in combination , the intervention groups had a less reduced quadriceps strength after one week ( -@ % vs. -@ % , ns ) and one month ( -@ % vs. -@ % , p < @ ) .", "minor changes in the endocrine response to surgery were found without differences between the groups , and there were no differences between the groups in ambulation time , nutritional intake or subjective measures of wellbeing ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['surgery is succeeded by long-lasting state of relative peripheral insulin resistance , which is reduced by giving glucose infusion or oral carbohydrate-rich drinks immediate before operating instead of fasting .', 'the aim of the present study was to investigate whether oral carbohydrate or carbohydrate with peptide drinks preoperatively instead of fasting would improve postoperative voluntary muscle strength , nutritional intake and ambulation , decrease postoperative fatigue , anxiety and discomfort , and reduce the endocrine response to surgery .', 'forty-eight patients were included and randomized into three groups to receive @ x @ ml of carbohydrate-rich drinks or to fast overnight and allowed only water .', 'voluntary grip and quadriceps strength , body composition , pulmonary function , vas-score of eight parameters of wellbeing , muscle biopsies and insulin , glucagon , igf-@ and free fatty acids were measured before and after the operation .', 'the basic postoperative regimen for all groups were immediate oral nutrition and early enforced mobilization .', 'significant postoperative decrease in glycogen synthase activity in the muscle biopsies was reduced in the intervention groups , and in combination , the intervention groups had a less reduced quadriceps strength after one week ( -@ % vs. -@ % , ns ) and one month ( -@ % vs. -@ % , p < @ ) .', 'minor changes in the endocrine response to surgery were found without differences between the groups , and there were no differences between the groups in ambulation time , nutritional intake or subjective measures of wellbeing .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "after primary treatment for cryptococcal meningitis , patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( aids ) require some form of continued suppressive therapy to prevent relapse .", "we conducted a multicenter , randomized trial that compared fluconazole ( @ mg per day given orally ) with amphotericin b ( @ mg per kilogram of body weight per week given intravenously ) in patients with aids who had completed primary therapy for cryptococcal meningitis with amphotericin b ( greater than or equal to @ mg per kilogram ) .", "to be eligible , patients had to have at least two negative cultures of cerebrospinal fluid immediately before randomization .", "the primary end point was relapse of cryptococcal disease as confirmed by biopsy or culture .", "of @ patients initially enrolled , @ were assigned to fluconazole and @ to amphotericin b. twenty-three patients were found not to have met the entry criteria ; six other patients assigned to amphotericin b did not receive it and were lost to follow-up .", "of the remaining @ patients , after a median follow-up of @ days @ of @ receiving amphotericin b ( @ percent ) and @ of @ assigned to fluconazole ( @ percent ) had relapses of symptomatic cryptococcal disease ( p less than @ by fisher 's exact test ) .", "there was a difference of @ percent in the estimated probability of remaining relapse-free at one year between the fluconazole group ( @ percent ) and the amphotericin b group ( @ percent ) ( @ percent confidence interval , @ percent to @ percent ; p less than @ ) .", "serious drug-related toxicity was more frequent in the amphotericin b group ( p = @ ) , as were bacterial infections ( p = @ ) and bacteremia ( p = @ ) .", "fluconazole taken by mouth is superior to weekly intravenous therapy with amphotericin b to prevent relapse in patients with aids-associated cryptococcal meningitis after primary treatment with amphotericin b." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['after primary treatment for cryptococcal meningitis , patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( aids ) require some form of continued suppressive therapy to prevent relapse .', 'we conducted a multicenter , randomized trial that compared fluconazole ( @ mg per day given orally ) with amphotericin b ( @ mg per kilogram of body weight per week given intravenously ) in patients with aids who had completed primary therapy for cryptococcal meningitis with amphotericin b ( greater than or equal to @ mg per kilogram ) .', 'to be eligible , patients had to have at least two negative cultures of cerebrospinal fluid immediately before randomization .', 'the primary end point was relapse of cryptococcal disease as confirmed by biopsy or culture .', 'of @ patients initially enrolled , @ were assigned to fluconazole and @ to amphotericin b. twenty-three patients were found not to have met the entry criteria ; six other patients assigned to amphotericin b did not receive it and were lost to follow-up .', \"of the remaining @ patients , after a median follow-up of @ days @ of @ receiving amphotericin b ( @ percent ) and @ of @ assigned to fluconazole ( @ percent ) had relapses of symptomatic cryptococcal disease ( p less than @ by fisher 's exact test ) .\", 'there was a difference of @ percent in the estimated probability of remaining relapse-free at one year between the fluconazole group ( @ percent ) and the amphotericin b group ( @ percent ) ( @ percent confidence interval , @ percent to @ percent ; p less than @ ) .', 'serious drug-related toxicity was more frequent in the amphotericin b group ( p = @ ) , as were bacterial infections ( p = @ ) and bacteremia ( p = @ ) .', 'fluconazole taken by mouth is superior to weekly intravenous therapy with amphotericin b to prevent relapse in patients with aids-associated cryptococcal meningitis after primary treatment with amphotericin b.']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "recent studies have indicated that proinsulin c-peptide shows specific binding to cell membrane binding sites and may exert biological effects when administered to patients with type @ diabetes mellitus .", "this study was undertaken to determine if combined treatment with c-peptide and insulin might reduce the level of microalbuminuria in patients with type @ diabetes and incipient nephropathy .", "twenty-one normotensive patients with microalbuminuria were studied for @ months in a double-blind , randomized , cross-over design .", "the patients received s.c. injections of either human c-peptide ( @ nmol/@ h ) or placebo plus their regular insulin regimen for @ months .", "glycaemic control improved slightly during the study and to a similar extent in both treatment groups .", "blood pressure was unaltered throughout the study .", "during the c-peptide treatment period , urinary albumin excretion decreased progressively on average from @ microg/min ( basal ) to @ microg/min ( @ months , p < @ ) and it tended to increase , but not significantly so , during the placebo period .", "the difference between the two treatment periods was statistically significant ( p < @ ) .", "in the @ patients with signs of autonomic neuropathy prior to the study , respiratory heart rate variability increased by @ + / - @ % ( p < @ ) during treatment with c-peptide but was unaltered during placebo .", "thermal thresholds were significantly improved during c-peptide treatment in comparison to placebo ( n = @ , p < @ ) .", "these results indicate that combined treatment with c-peptide and insulin for @ months may improve renal function by diminishing urinary albumin excretion and ameliorate autonomic and sensory nerve dysfunction in patients with type @ diabetes mellitus ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['recent studies have indicated that proinsulin c-peptide shows specific binding to cell membrane binding sites and may exert biological effects when administered to patients with type @ diabetes mellitus .', 'this study was undertaken to determine if combined treatment with c-peptide and insulin might reduce the level of microalbuminuria in patients with type @ diabetes and incipient nephropathy .', 'twenty-one normotensive patients with microalbuminuria were studied for @ months in a double-blind , randomized , cross-over design .', 'the patients received s.c. injections of either human c-peptide ( @ nmol/@ h ) or placebo plus their regular insulin regimen for @ months .', 'glycaemic control improved slightly during the study and to a similar extent in both treatment groups .', 'blood pressure was unaltered throughout the study .', 'during the c-peptide treatment period , urinary albumin excretion decreased progressively on average from @ microg/min ( basal ) to @ microg/min ( @ months , p < @ ) and it tended to increase , but not significantly so , during the placebo period .', 'the difference between the two treatment periods was statistically significant ( p < @ ) .', 'in the @ patients with signs of autonomic neuropathy prior to the study , respiratory heart rate variability increased by @ + / - @ % ( p < @ ) during treatment with c-peptide but was unaltered during placebo .', 'thermal thresholds were significantly improved during c-peptide treatment in comparison to placebo ( n = @ , p < @ ) .', 'these results indicate that combined treatment with c-peptide and insulin for @ months may improve renal function by diminishing urinary albumin excretion and ameliorate autonomic and sensory nerve dysfunction in patients with type @ diabetes mellitus .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare the efficacy and safety profile of irinotecan ( i ) versus the combination of irinotecan/gemcitabine ( ig ) as second-line treatment of patients with extensive stage small-cell lung cancer ( sclc ) .", "patients with sclc who have received at least one chemotherapy regimen were randomized to receive either the ig regimen ( gemcitabine @mg/m ( @ ) intravenous ( i.v. ) on days @ and @ and irinotecan @mg/m ( @ ) i.v. on day @ ) or i monotherapy ( @mg/m ( @ ) i.v. on day @ ) both every @ weeks .", "thirty-eight patients were enrolled in the ig and @ in the i arm .", "due to slow accrual an early closure of the study was decided .", "response rate was significantly higher in the ig than in i arm ( @ % vs. @ % ; p = @ ) .", "the median time to progression ( ttp ) was @ months ( range : @-@ @ months ; @ % ci : @-@ @ ) and @ months ( range : @-@ @ months ; @ % ci : @-@ @ ) ( p = @ ) for the ig and i arms , respectively .", "there was no difference in terms of median overall survival between the two arms ( @ months and @ months for the ig and i arm , respectively ) .", "the most frequent toxicities were grade iii/iv neutropenia and grade iii/iv diarrhea .", "although the ig regimen seems to be more active than the i monotherapy , the premature closure of the study prevents the drawing of definitive conclusions ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to compare the efficacy and safety profile of irinotecan ( i ) versus the combination of irinotecan/gemcitabine ( ig ) as second-line treatment of patients with extensive stage small-cell lung cancer ( sclc ) .', 'patients with sclc who have received at least one chemotherapy regimen were randomized to receive either the ig regimen ( gemcitabine @mg/m ( @ ) intravenous ( i.v. ) on days @ and @ and irinotecan @mg/m ( @ ) i.v. on day @ ) or i monotherapy ( @mg/m ( @ ) i.v. on day @ ) both every @ weeks .', 'thirty-eight patients were enrolled in the ig and @ in the i arm .', 'due to slow accrual an early closure of the study was decided .', 'response rate was significantly higher in the ig than in i arm ( @ % vs. @ % ; p = @ ) .', 'the median time to progression ( ttp ) was @ months ( range : @-@ @ months ; @ % ci : @-@ @ ) and @ months ( range : @-@ @ months ; @ % ci : @-@ @ ) ( p = @ ) for the ig and i arms , respectively .', 'there was no difference in terms of median overall survival between the two arms ( @ months and @ months for the ig and i arm , respectively ) .', 'the most frequent toxicities were grade iii/iv neutropenia and grade iii/iv diarrhea .', 'although the ig regimen seems to be more active than the i monotherapy , the premature closure of the study prevents the drawing of definitive conclusions .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "chlorhexidine is better than povidone-iodine for skin preparation before intravascular device insertion or blood culture collection , but it is not known whether chlorhexidine is superior in reducing the colonization of continuous epidural catheters .", "patients requiring an epidural catheter for postoperative analgesia were randomly assigned to receive skin preparation with @ % chlorhexidine ethanol ( ce group ) or @ % povidone-iodine ( pi group ) before catheter insertion .", "using surgical aseptic techniques , catheters were inserted into either the lumbar or the thoracic epidural space .", "gloves used at catheter insertion , swabs of insertion site skin and the catheter tip at catheter removal were qualitatively cultured .", "of @ randomly assigned patients , @ were evaluable .", "the clinical characteristics of the patients and the risk factors for infection were similar in the two groups .", "catheters were kept in place for @ + / - @ h ( mean + / - sd ) .", "seven cultures from gloves yielded microorganisms .", "in @ case , the leak test of gloves was positive .", "fifteen cultures of catheter insertion sites yielded microorganisms : @/@ ( @ % ) in the pi group and @/@ ( @ % ) in the ce group .", "six cultures of catheter tips yielded microorganisms : @/@ ( @ % ) in the pi group and @/@ ( @ % ) in the ce group .", "as for the incidence of isolation of bacteria , no difference was seen between the two groups .", "in none of these @ cases was any inflammatory reaction seen in the skin locally at catheter removal .", "the effect of @ % chlorhexidine ethanol is not different from that of @ % povidone-iodine in reducing catheter colonization associated with short-term epidural catheter placement ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['chlorhexidine is better than povidone-iodine for skin preparation before intravascular device insertion or blood culture collection , but it is not known whether chlorhexidine is superior in reducing the colonization of continuous epidural catheters .', 'patients requiring an epidural catheter for postoperative analgesia were randomly assigned to receive skin preparation with @ % chlorhexidine ethanol ( ce group ) or @ % povidone-iodine ( pi group ) before catheter insertion .', 'using surgical aseptic techniques , catheters were inserted into either the lumbar or the thoracic epidural space .', 'gloves used at catheter insertion , swabs of insertion site skin and the catheter tip at catheter removal were qualitatively cultured .', 'of @ randomly assigned patients , @ were evaluable .', 'the clinical characteristics of the patients and the risk factors for infection were similar in the two groups .', 'catheters were kept in place for @ + / - @ h ( mean + / - sd ) .', 'seven cultures from gloves yielded microorganisms .', 'in @ case , the leak test of gloves was positive .', 'fifteen cultures of catheter insertion sites yielded microorganisms : @/@ ( @ % ) in the pi group and @/@ ( @ % ) in the ce group .', 'six cultures of catheter tips yielded microorganisms : @/@ ( @ % ) in the pi group and @/@ ( @ % ) in the ce group .', 'as for the incidence of isolation of bacteria , no difference was seen between the two groups .', 'in none of these @ cases was any inflammatory reaction seen in the skin locally at catheter removal .', 'the effect of @ % chlorhexidine ethanol is not different from that of @ % povidone-iodine in reducing catheter colonization associated with short-term epidural catheter placement .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "a consulting method known as ` shared decision making ' ( sdm ) has been described and operationalized in terms of several ` competences ' .", "one of these competences concerns the discussion of the risks and benefits of treatment or care options - ` risk communication ' .", "few data exist on clinicians ' ability to acquire skills and implement the competences of sdm or risk communication in consultations with patients .", "the aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of skill development workshops for sdm and the use of risk communication aids on the process of consultations .", "a cluster randomized trial with crossover was carried out with the participation of @ recently qualified gps in urban and rural general practices in gwent , south wales .", "a total of @ patients with known atrial fibrillation , prostatism , menorrhagia or menopausal symptoms were invited to a consultation to review their condition or treatments .", "half the consultations were randomly selected for audio-taping , of which @ patients attended and were audio-taped successfully .", "after baseline , participating doctors were randomized to receive training in ( i ) sdm skills or ( ii ) the use of simple risk communication aids , using simulated patients .", "the alternative training was then provided for the final study phase .", "patients were allocated randomly to a consultation during baseline or intervention @ ( sdm or risk communication aids ) or intervention @ phases .", "a randomly selected half of the consultations were audio-taped from each phase .", "raters ( independent , trained and blinded to study phase ) assessed the audio-tapes using a validated scale to assess levels of patient involvement ( option : observing patient involvement ) , and to analyse the nature of risk information discussed .", "clinicians completed questionnaires after each consultation , assessing perceived clinician-patient agreement and level of patient involvement in decisions .", "multilevel modelling was carried out with the option score as the dependent variable , and rater , consultation and clinician levels of data , standardized by rater within clinician .", "following each of the interventions , the clinicians significantly increased their involvement of patients in decision making ( option score increased by @ following risk communication training [ @ % confidence interval ( ci ) @ -@ ; p < @ ] and by @ after sdm skill development ( @ % ci @ -@ , p < @ ) , a moderate effect size .", "the level of involvement achieved by the risk communication aids was significantly increased by the subsequent introduction of the skill development workshops ( @ increase in option score , @ % ci @-@ ; p < @ ) .", "the alternative sequence ( skills followed by risk communication aids ) did not achieve this effect .", "the use of most risk information formats increased after the provision of specific risk communication aids ( p < @ ) .", "clinicians using the risk communication tools perceived significantly higher patient and clinician agreement on treatment ( p < @ ) , patient satisfaction with information ( p < @ ) , clinician satisfaction with decision ( p < @ ) and general overall satisfaction with the consultation ( p < @ ) than those who were exposed to sdm skill development workshops .", "these clinicians were able to acquire the skills to implement sdm competences and to use risk communication aids .", "each intervention provided independent effects .", "further progress towards greater patient involvement in health care decision making is possible , and skill development in this area should be incorporated into postgraduate professional development programmes ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: [\"a consulting method known as ` shared decision making ' ( sdm ) has been described and operationalized in terms of several ` competences ' .\", \"one of these competences concerns the discussion of the risks and benefits of treatment or care options - ` risk communication ' .\", \"few data exist on clinicians ' ability to acquire skills and implement the competences of sdm or risk communication in consultations with patients .\", 'the aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of skill development workshops for sdm and the use of risk communication aids on the process of consultations .', 'a cluster randomized trial with crossover was carried out with the participation of @ recently qualified gps in urban and rural general practices in gwent , south wales .', 'a total of @ patients with known atrial fibrillation , prostatism , menorrhagia or menopausal symptoms were invited to a consultation to review their condition or treatments .', 'half the consultations were randomly selected for audio-taping , of which @ patients attended and were audio-taped successfully .', 'after baseline , participating doctors were randomized to receive training in ( i ) sdm skills or ( ii ) the use of simple risk communication aids , using simulated patients .', 'the alternative training was then provided for the final study phase .', 'patients were allocated randomly to a consultation during baseline or intervention @ ( sdm or risk communication aids ) or intervention @ phases .', 'a randomly selected half of the consultations were audio-taped from each phase .', 'raters ( independent , trained and blinded to study phase ) assessed the audio-tapes using a validated scale to assess levels of patient involvement ( option : observing patient involvement ) , and to analyse the nature of risk information discussed .', 'clinicians completed questionnaires after each consultation , assessing perceived clinician-patient agreement and level of patient involvement in decisions .', 'multilevel modelling was carried out with the option score as the dependent variable , and rater , consultation and clinician levels of data , standardized by rater within clinician .', 'following each of the interventions , the clinicians significantly increased their involvement of patients in decision making ( option score increased by @ following risk communication training [ @ % confidence interval ( ci ) @ -@ ; p < @ ] and by @ after sdm skill development ( @ % ci @ -@ , p < @ ) , a moderate effect size .', 'the level of involvement achieved by the risk communication aids was significantly increased by the subsequent introduction of the skill development workshops ( @ increase in option score , @ % ci @-@ ; p < @ ) .', 'the alternative sequence ( skills followed by risk communication aids ) did not achieve this effect .', 'the use of most risk information formats increased after the provision of specific risk communication aids ( p < @ ) .', 'clinicians using the risk communication tools perceived significantly higher patient and clinician agreement on treatment ( p < @ ) , patient satisfaction with information ( p < @ ) , clinician satisfaction with decision ( p < @ ) and general overall satisfaction with the consultation ( p < @ ) than those who were exposed to sdm skill development workshops .', 'these clinicians were able to acquire the skills to implement sdm competences and to use risk communication aids .', 'each intervention provided independent effects .', 'further progress towards greater patient involvement in health care decision making is possible , and skill development in this area should be incorporated into postgraduate professional development programmes .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "spontaneous intraventricular hemorrhage is an infrequent but severe complication of hemorrhagic stroke .", "the conventional treatment of intraventricular hemorrhage consists of ventricular drainage or surgical evacuation , but neither of them is encouraged .", "the objective of this article is to compare different surgical procedures in order to evaluate a method of minimally invasive treatment for intraventricular hemorrhage .", "neuroendoscopy was applied to treat @ cases of intraventricular hemorrhage .", "twenty cases of the same disease that were treated by external ventricular drainage were taken as a control and comparison .", "all patients were followed up for @ months .", "in the neuroendoscopy group , according to the glasgow outcome scale , the result was excellent in @ cases , good in @ , fair in @ , poor in @ and death in @ .", "in the external ventricular drainage group , the result was excellent in @ case , good in @ , fair in @ , poor in @ and death in @ .", "more patients in the neuroendoscopy group showed good recovery after @ months of surgery ( p < @ ) .", "the difference in mortality rate between the @ groups was not statistically significant ( p > @ ) .", "neuroendoscopic neurosurgery for intraventricular hemorrhage offers better surgical treatment because it is characterized by visualized manipulation , effective hemorrhage evacuation and excellent postoperative outcomes ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['spontaneous intraventricular hemorrhage is an infrequent but severe complication of hemorrhagic stroke .', 'the conventional treatment of intraventricular hemorrhage consists of ventricular drainage or surgical evacuation , but neither of them is encouraged .', 'the objective of this article is to compare different surgical procedures in order to evaluate a method of minimally invasive treatment for intraventricular hemorrhage .', 'neuroendoscopy was applied to treat @ cases of intraventricular hemorrhage .', 'twenty cases of the same disease that were treated by external ventricular drainage were taken as a control and comparison .', 'all patients were followed up for @ months .', 'in the neuroendoscopy group , according to the glasgow outcome scale , the result was excellent in @ cases , good in @ , fair in @ , poor in @ and death in @ .', 'in the external ventricular drainage group , the result was excellent in @ case , good in @ , fair in @ , poor in @ and death in @ .', 'more patients in the neuroendoscopy group showed good recovery after @ months of surgery ( p < @ ) .', 'the difference in mortality rate between the @ groups was not statistically significant ( p > @ ) .', 'neuroendoscopic neurosurgery for intraventricular hemorrhage offers better surgical treatment because it is characterized by visualized manipulation , effective hemorrhage evacuation and excellent postoperative outcomes .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the objective of this investigation was to assess the performance of an allometric model as the basis for interpolating drug exposure in the context of pharmacokinetic bridging across paediatric subpopulations .", "midazolam was selected as a paradigm compound .", "two nonlinear mixed effects models were developed to describe midazolam pharmacokinetics in infants , toddlers and adults ( model @ ) and in children and adolescents ( model @ ) .", "subsequently , systemic drug exposure , expressed in terms of the area under the concentration vs. time curve ( auc ) , in children and adolescents was interpolated based on pharmacokinetic parameter distributions obtained from the model describing infants , toddlers and adults ( model @ ) .", "results were compared with the values obtained from modelling of the data in the corresponding population ( model @ ) .", "the two pharmacokinetic models accurately described midazolam exposure in the population on which they were built .", "however , the model based on data from infants , toddlers and adults failed to predict the exposure observed in children and adolescents : the mean difference between the predicted and estimated auc ( @-@ ) was of -@ % , with a range of -@ to -@ % .", "the discrepancy between estimated and interpolated exposure increased proportionally with body weight .", "the current results indicate that irrespective of whether extrapolation or interpolation methods are to be applied during paediatric drug development , model predictions beyond the range of the data used for parameter estimation may be biased .", "for accurate inter - or extrapolation to different populations , the assumption of identical parameter-covariate correlations across age groups may not be taken for granted ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the objective of this investigation was to assess the performance of an allometric model as the basis for interpolating drug exposure in the context of pharmacokinetic bridging across paediatric subpopulations .', 'midazolam was selected as a paradigm compound .', 'two nonlinear mixed effects models were developed to describe midazolam pharmacokinetics in infants , toddlers and adults ( model @ ) and in children and adolescents ( model @ ) .', 'subsequently , systemic drug exposure , expressed in terms of the area under the concentration vs. time curve ( auc ) , in children and adolescents was interpolated based on pharmacokinetic parameter distributions obtained from the model describing infants , toddlers and adults ( model @ ) .', 'results were compared with the values obtained from modelling of the data in the corresponding population ( model @ ) .', 'the two pharmacokinetic models accurately described midazolam exposure in the population on which they were built .', 'however , the model based on data from infants , toddlers and adults failed to predict the exposure observed in children and adolescents : the mean difference between the predicted and estimated auc ( @-@ ) was of -@ % , with a range of -@ to -@ % .', 'the discrepancy between estimated and interpolated exposure increased proportionally with body weight .', 'the current results indicate that irrespective of whether extrapolation or interpolation methods are to be applied during paediatric drug development , model predictions beyond the range of the data used for parameter estimation may be biased .', 'for accurate inter - or extrapolation to different populations , the assumption of identical parameter-covariate correlations across age groups may not be taken for granted .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "METHODS", "OBJECTIVE", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "test-retest reliability analysis and @-factor anova contrast of athletic group and limb dominance .", "to determine the reliability of the one-arm hop test and the effects of upper-extremity dominance on test scores for @ athletic groups .", "limited information is available regarding functional performance tests of the upper extremity that involve axial loading .", "thirteen male collegiate wrestlers ( mean age , @ + / - @ years ) and @ male collegiate football players ( mean age , @ + / -@ years ) without upper-extremity pathology participated in the study .", "subjects were trained to perform the one-arm hop test , starting from a one-arm push-up position and then hopping as quickly as possible onto and off of a @-cm platform @ times .", "subjects returned to the test site @ to @ days later and were timed for @ trials of the one-arm hop test for each upper extremity .", "within-session icc@ ,@ reliability values were @ for the football players and @ for the wrestlers .", "mean absolute differences between trials were @ seconds for the football players and @ seconds for the wrestlers .", "trial @ performance times were significantly faster than trial @ times for the wrestlers .", "although performance time for the nondominant side was on average @ % slower than that of the dominant side , performance times for the dominant side were not significantly different from those of the nondominant upper extremities .", "the results provide preliminary evidence that the one-arm hop test may be a reliable upper-extremity functional performance test with sufficient training of the subject .", "uninjured upper-extremity performance for the one-arm hop test may be useful as a basis for comparing performance of an injured contralateral upper extremity ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['test-retest reliability analysis and @-factor anova contrast of athletic group and limb dominance .', 'to determine the reliability of the one-arm hop test and the effects of upper-extremity dominance on test scores for @ athletic groups .', 'limited information is available regarding functional performance tests of the upper extremity that involve axial loading .', 'thirteen male collegiate wrestlers ( mean age , @ + / - @ years ) and @ male collegiate football players ( mean age , @ + / -@ years ) without upper-extremity pathology participated in the study .', 'subjects were trained to perform the one-arm hop test , starting from a one-arm push-up position and then hopping as quickly as possible onto and off of a @-cm platform @ times .', 'subjects returned to the test site @ to @ days later and were timed for @ trials of the one-arm hop test for each upper extremity .', 'within-session icc@ ,@ reliability values were @ for the football players and @ for the wrestlers .', 'mean absolute differences between trials were @ seconds for the football players and @ seconds for the wrestlers .', 'trial @ performance times were significantly faster than trial @ times for the wrestlers .', 'although performance time for the nondominant side was on average @ % slower than that of the dominant side , performance times for the dominant side were not significantly different from those of the nondominant upper extremities .', 'the results provide preliminary evidence that the one-arm hop test may be a reliable upper-extremity functional performance test with sufficient training of the subject .', 'uninjured upper-extremity performance for the one-arm hop test may be useful as a basis for comparing performance of an injured contralateral upper extremity .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['METHODS', 'OBJECTIVE', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS" ]

[ "to evaluate the clinical performance of composite restorations performed with two matrix and wedge systems .", "each of @ subjects received at least one pair of class ii restorations , one with metallic matrix and wooden wedge and the other with polyester matrix and reflexive wedge .", "one dentist placed @ class ii restorations , @ in premolars and @ in molars , all in occlusion .", "most of the cavities were surrounded by enamel .", "the restorations were evaluated at baseline , and after @ months using the modified usphs criteria .", "all cavities were restored using single bond and p-@ , according to the manufacturer 's indications .", "in the metal matrix group , polymerization was performed from occlusal , and in the polyester group , through the reflexive wedge .", "statistical analysis was carried out with chi-square and mcneumar tests .", "after @ months , there was a significant increase in marginal staining , and marginal adaptation was affected by clinical service .", "there were no differences between matrix and wedge systems , neither considering dental groups nor cavity types ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to evaluate the clinical performance of composite restorations performed with two matrix and wedge systems .', 'each of @ subjects received at least one pair of class ii restorations , one with metallic matrix and wooden wedge and the other with polyester matrix and reflexive wedge .', 'one dentist placed @ class ii restorations , @ in premolars and @ in molars , all in occlusion .', 'most of the cavities were surrounded by enamel .', 'the restorations were evaluated at baseline , and after @ months using the modified usphs criteria .', \"all cavities were restored using single bond and p-@ , according to the manufacturer 's indications .\", 'in the metal matrix group , polymerization was performed from occlusal , and in the polyester group , through the reflexive wedge .', 'statistical analysis was carried out with chi-square and mcneumar tests .', 'after @ months , there was a significant increase in marginal staining , and marginal adaptation was affected by clinical service .', 'there were no differences between matrix and wedge systems , neither considering dental groups nor cavity types .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the purpose of this study was to examine the concept suggesting that microalbuminuria in combination with high levels of plasma von willebrand factor is a stronger predictor for cardiovascular disease and microvascular complications than microalbuminuria alone in type @ diabetic patients .", "one hundred and sixty patients with type @ diabetes mellitus and persistent microalbuminuria were followed for an average of @ ( sd @ ) years .", "@ % of the patients were treated with angiotensin converting enzyme ( ace ) - inhibitors .", "patients in this subanalysis were divided into two groups according to baseline plasma von willebrand factor levels below or above the median .", "the main outcome was cardiovascular disease ( cardiovascular mortality , non-fatal stroke , non-fatal myocardial infarction , coronary artery bypass graft and revascularization or amputation of legs ) , progression to diabetic nephropathy or progression in diabetic retinopathy .", "at baseline the two groups were comparable for hba ( @c ) , fasting levels of s-total-cholesterol , s-hdl-cholesterol and s-triglycerides , systolic and diastolic blood pressure , gender , known diabetes duration , smoking habits , previous cardiovascular disease and antihypertensive therapy as well as retinopathy .", "odds ratio for cardiovascular disease was @ ( @ % ci @-@ @ , p = @ ) ( multiple logistic regression ) , odds ratio for progression to nephropathy was @ ( @-@ @ , p = @ ) and odds ratio for progression in retinopathy was @ ( @-@ @ , p = @ ) , all with plasma von willebrand factor levels above the median .", "our results do not support the suggestion that the combination of high plasma levels of von willebrand factor and microalbuminuria is a stronger predictor for cardiovascular disease , progression to diabetic nephropathy or progression in diabetic retinopathy than microalbuminuria alone in patients with type @ diabetes and persistent microalbuminuria ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the purpose of this study was to examine the concept suggesting that microalbuminuria in combination with high levels of plasma von willebrand factor is a stronger predictor for cardiovascular disease and microvascular complications than microalbuminuria alone in type @ diabetic patients .', 'one hundred and sixty patients with type @ diabetes mellitus and persistent microalbuminuria were followed for an average of @ ( sd @ ) years .', '@ % of the patients were treated with angiotensin converting enzyme ( ace ) - inhibitors .', 'patients in this subanalysis were divided into two groups according to baseline plasma von willebrand factor levels below or above the median .', 'the main outcome was cardiovascular disease ( cardiovascular mortality , non-fatal stroke , non-fatal myocardial infarction , coronary artery bypass graft and revascularization or amputation of legs ) , progression to diabetic nephropathy or progression in diabetic retinopathy .', 'at baseline the two groups were comparable for hba ( @c ) , fasting levels of s-total-cholesterol , s-hdl-cholesterol and s-triglycerides , systolic and diastolic blood pressure , gender , known diabetes duration , smoking habits , previous cardiovascular disease and antihypertensive therapy as well as retinopathy .', 'odds ratio for cardiovascular disease was @ ( @ % ci @-@ @ , p = @ ) ( multiple logistic regression ) , odds ratio for progression to nephropathy was @ ( @-@ @ , p = @ ) and odds ratio for progression in retinopathy was @ ( @-@ @ , p = @ ) , all with plasma von willebrand factor levels above the median .', 'our results do not support the suggestion that the combination of high plasma levels of von willebrand factor and microalbuminuria is a stronger predictor for cardiovascular disease , progression to diabetic nephropathy or progression in diabetic retinopathy than microalbuminuria alone in patients with type @ diabetes and persistent microalbuminuria .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the purpose of this study was to determine the benefit and risk associated with antiplatelet therapy in the chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) population .", "cardiovascular and possibly bleeding risks are elevated in patients with ckd .", "the balance of benefit and harm associated with antiplatelet therapy remains uncertain .", "the hot ( hypertension optimal treatment ) study randomly assigned participants with diastolic hypertension to aspirin ( @ mg ) or placebo .", "study treatment effects were calculated using univariate proportional hazards regression models stratified by baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate ( egfr ) with trends tested by adding interaction terms .", "end points included major cardiovascular events , total mortality , and major bleeding .", "the study included @,@ participants treated for @ years .", "baseline egfr was < @ ml/min/@ @ m ( @ ) in @,@ participants .", "major cardiovascular events were reduced by @ % ( @ % confidence interval [ ci ] : -@ % to @ % ) , @ % ( @ % ci : -@ % to @ % ) , and @ % ( @ % ci : @ % to @ % ) for patients with baseline egfr of @ , @ to @ , and < @ ml/min/@ @ m ( @ ) , respectively ( p trend = @ ) .", "total mortality was reduced by @ % ( @ % ci : -@ % to @ % ) , @ % ( @ % ci : -@ % to @ % ) , and @ % ( @ % ci : @ % to @ % ) , respectively ( p trend = @ ) .", "major bleeding events were nonsignificantly greater with lower egfr ( hazard ratio [ hr ] : @ [ @ % ci : @ to @ ] , hr : @ [ @ % ci : @ to @ ] , and hr : @ [ @ % ci : @ to @ ] , respectively ; p trend = @ ) .", "among every @,@ persons with egfr < @ ml/min/@ @ m ( @ ) treated for @ years , @ major cardiovascular events and @ all-cause deaths will be prevented while @ excess major bleeds will occur .", "aspirin therapy produces greater absolute reduction in major cardiovascular events and mortality in hypertensive patients with ckd than with normal kidney function .", "an increased risk of major bleeding appears to be outweighed by the substantial benefits ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the purpose of this study was to determine the benefit and risk associated with antiplatelet therapy in the chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) population .', 'cardiovascular and possibly bleeding risks are elevated in patients with ckd .', 'the balance of benefit and harm associated with antiplatelet therapy remains uncertain .', 'the hot ( hypertension optimal treatment ) study randomly assigned participants with diastolic hypertension to aspirin ( @ mg ) or placebo .', 'study treatment effects were calculated using univariate proportional hazards regression models stratified by baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate ( egfr ) with trends tested by adding interaction terms .', 'end points included major cardiovascular events , total mortality , and major bleeding .', 'the study included @,@ participants treated for @ years .', 'baseline egfr was < @ ml/min/@ @ m ( @ ) in @,@ participants .', 'major cardiovascular events were reduced by @ % ( @ % confidence interval [ ci ] : -@ % to @ % ) , @ % ( @ % ci : -@ % to @ % ) , and @ % ( @ % ci : @ % to @ % ) for patients with baseline egfr of @ , @ to @ , and < @ ml/min/@ @ m ( @ ) , respectively ( p trend = @ ) .', 'total mortality was reduced by @ % ( @ % ci : -@ % to @ % ) , @ % ( @ % ci : -@ % to @ % ) , and @ % ( @ % ci : @ % to @ % ) , respectively ( p trend = @ ) .', 'major bleeding events were nonsignificantly greater with lower egfr ( hazard ratio [ hr ] : @ [ @ % ci : @ to @ ] , hr : @ [ @ % ci : @ to @ ] , and hr : @ [ @ % ci : @ to @ ] , respectively ; p trend = @ ) .', 'among every @,@ persons with egfr < @ ml/min/@ @ m ( @ ) treated for @ years , @ major cardiovascular events and @ all-cause deaths will be prevented while @ excess major bleeds will occur .', 'aspirin therapy produces greater absolute reduction in major cardiovascular events and mortality in hypertensive patients with ckd than with normal kidney function .', 'an increased risk of major bleeding appears to be outweighed by the substantial benefits .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "currently , several local antimicrobial delivery systems are available to periodontists .", "the aim of this @-month follow-up parallel study was to evaluate the efficacy of three commercially available local delivery systems as adjuncts to scaling and root planing in the treatment of sites with persistent periodontal lesions .", "seventy-nine patients with @ pockets > or = @ mm and bleeding on probing and/or suppuration were randomized into @ treatment groups which included : scaling and root planing alone ( s ) ( @ patients ) , or in conjunction with the application of @ % tetracycline fibers ( s+t et ) ( @ patients ) , or @ % minocycline gel ( s+m in ) ( @ patients ) , or @ % metronidazole gel ( s+m et ) ( @ patients ) .", "clinical measurements were taken at baseline , @ weeks , @ months , and @ months after antimicrobial application .", "treatments were applied using the distributors ' recommended protocols .", "all @ therapies resulted in significant improvements from baseline in probing depth , attachment level , bleeding on probing , and the modified gingival index ( mgi ) scores .", "the improvements in clinical parameters were greater in all @ adjunctive treatment groups than scaling and root planing alone .", "the mean probing depth reductions at @ months were : scaling + tetracycline = @ mm ; scaling + metronidazole = @ mm ; scaling + minocycline = @ mm ; and scaling alone = @ mm .", "the probing depth reduction at all time points was significantly greater in the scaling plus tetracycline fiber group than the scaling and root planing alone group ( p < @ ) .", "there was also a significant improvement for scaling plus tetracycline fiber application over scaling and metronidazole at both @ weeks and @ months , although this did not remain significant at the @-month visit .", "while the frequency of sites with suppuration was markedly reduced following all antimicrobial treatments , the most effective reductions were seen in the scaling plus tetracycline fiber group , followed by the minocycline group .", "although all @ locally applied antimicrobial systems seem to offer some benefit over scaling and root planing alone , a treatment regimen of scaling and root planing plus tetracycline fiber placement gave the greatest reduction in probing depth over the @ months after treatment ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['currently , several local antimicrobial delivery systems are available to periodontists .', 'the aim of this @-month follow-up parallel study was to evaluate the efficacy of three commercially available local delivery systems as adjuncts to scaling and root planing in the treatment of sites with persistent periodontal lesions .', 'seventy-nine patients with @ pockets > or = @ mm and bleeding on probing and/or suppuration were randomized into @ treatment groups which included : scaling and root planing alone ( s ) ( @ patients ) , or in conjunction with the application of @ % tetracycline fibers ( s+t et ) ( @ patients ) , or @ % minocycline gel ( s+m in ) ( @ patients ) , or @ % metronidazole gel ( s+m et ) ( @ patients ) .', 'clinical measurements were taken at baseline , @ weeks , @ months , and @ months after antimicrobial application .', \"treatments were applied using the distributors ' recommended protocols .\", 'all @ therapies resulted in significant improvements from baseline in probing depth , attachment level , bleeding on probing , and the modified gingival index ( mgi ) scores .', 'the improvements in clinical parameters were greater in all @ adjunctive treatment groups than scaling and root planing alone .', 'the mean probing depth reductions at @ months were : scaling + tetracycline = @ mm ; scaling + metronidazole = @ mm ; scaling + minocycline = @ mm ; and scaling alone = @ mm .', 'the probing depth reduction at all time points was significantly greater in the scaling plus tetracycline fiber group than the scaling and root planing alone group ( p < @ ) .', 'there was also a significant improvement for scaling plus tetracycline fiber application over scaling and metronidazole at both @ weeks and @ months , although this did not remain significant at the @-month visit .', 'while the frequency of sites with suppuration was markedly reduced following all antimicrobial treatments , the most effective reductions were seen in the scaling plus tetracycline fiber group , followed by the minocycline group .', 'although all @ locally applied antimicrobial systems seem to offer some benefit over scaling and root planing alone , a treatment regimen of scaling and root planing plus tetracycline fiber placement gave the greatest reduction in probing depth over the @ months after treatment .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the quality of life for eating disorders questionnaire was translated into hindi ( qol ed-h ) using the forward-backward translation procedure for use with indian females .", "a total of ninety-five females were recruited from two secondary schools and one tertiary college from delhi , india .", "they were aged between @ and @ years , ranging from low to high socioeconomic status communities .", "a psychologist and teacher produced a preliminary hindi version , which was back-translated by the psychologist and a journalist and any disparity was checked .", "the hindi and english versions were administered one week apart to the same participants , the order being randomised .", "repeated measures analysis revealed no significant differences in qol ed scores ( global and subscores ) between the hindi and english versions , when controlled for age .", "the qol ed-h can be used to assess eating and exercise disordered thinking , feeling , behaviours , psychological feelings and daily living in indian females of all ses groups ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the quality of life for eating disorders questionnaire was translated into hindi ( qol ed-h ) using the forward-backward translation procedure for use with indian females .', 'a total of ninety-five females were recruited from two secondary schools and one tertiary college from delhi , india .', 'they were aged between @ and @ years , ranging from low to high socioeconomic status communities .', 'a psychologist and teacher produced a preliminary hindi version , which was back-translated by the psychologist and a journalist and any disparity was checked .', 'the hindi and english versions were administered one week apart to the same participants , the order being randomised .', 'repeated measures analysis revealed no significant differences in qol ed scores ( global and subscores ) between the hindi and english versions , when controlled for age .', 'the qol ed-h can be used to assess eating and exercise disordered thinking , feeling , behaviours , psychological feelings and daily living in indian females of all ses groups .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the use of antibiotics in uncomplicated appendicitis in children , remains the area of controversy .", "the aim of the study was to assess the necessity of antibiotic administration in nonperforated appendicitis in children .", "the design of the study was a double blind randomized controlled trial , with a follow-up of @ to @ months .", "surgical department in a university pediatric hospital .", "one hundred and eighty seven out of @ children subjected to emergency appendectomies met the inclusion criteria , with @ eligible but not included in the study .", "the remaining @ patients were randomized ; @ had complicated appendicitis , @ other diagnosis , @ were analyzed within @ study groups : @ ( n = @ ) no antibiotic , @ ( n = @ ) one dose , @ ( n = @ ) @-day course .", "open appendectomy was a surgical procedure and ceftriaxone @ g i.v. was administered .", "investigated parameters were : body temperature , wbc , bowel sounds , wound healing , recovery and morbidity .", "valid outcome data were available for @ of @ randomized patients .", "protocols of @ children due to fever > @ degrees c , upper airway infection or allergy were disclosed .", "in the remaining @ children , there were no differences in wbc and oral feeding between groups @ ( n = @ ) , @ ( n = @ ) and @ ( n = @ ) .", "group @ and @ had a higher mean temperature on day @ post-op , without any clinical significance .", "a higher mean temperature was noted on day @ post-op in group @ , due to wound infection in one patient .", "there were no intraabdominal abscesses .", "the only other complications were @ adhesion small bowel obstructions ( in groups @ and @ each ) .", "routine use of antibiotics in nonperforated appendicitis in children is not necessary ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the use of antibiotics in uncomplicated appendicitis in children , remains the area of controversy .', 'the aim of the study was to assess the necessity of antibiotic administration in nonperforated appendicitis in children .', 'the design of the study was a double blind randomized controlled trial , with a follow-up of @ to @ months .', 'surgical department in a university pediatric hospital .', 'one hundred and eighty seven out of @ children subjected to emergency appendectomies met the inclusion criteria , with @ eligible but not included in the study .', 'the remaining @ patients were randomized ; @ had complicated appendicitis , @ other diagnosis , @ were analyzed within @ study groups : @ ( n = @ ) no antibiotic , @ ( n = @ ) one dose , @ ( n = @ ) @-day course .', 'open appendectomy was a surgical procedure and ceftriaxone @ g i.v. was administered .', 'investigated parameters were : body temperature , wbc , bowel sounds , wound healing , recovery and morbidity .', 'valid outcome data were available for @ of @ randomized patients .', 'protocols of @ children due to fever > @ degrees c , upper airway infection or allergy were disclosed .', 'in the remaining @ children , there were no differences in wbc and oral feeding between groups @ ( n = @ ) , @ ( n = @ ) and @ ( n = @ ) .', 'group @ and @ had a higher mean temperature on day @ post-op , without any clinical significance .', 'a higher mean temperature was noted on day @ post-op in group @ , due to wound infection in one patient .', 'there were no intraabdominal abscesses .', 'the only other complications were @ adhesion small bowel obstructions ( in groups @ and @ each ) .', 'routine use of antibiotics in nonperforated appendicitis in children is not necessary .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate effects of meals in difficult-to-wean tracheostomised patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases during spontaneous breathing or inspiratory pressure support .", "prospective , crossover , randomised , and physiological study .", "weaning centre .", "sixteen copd undergoing either decreasing levels of pressure support or increasing periods of spontaneous breathing .", "each patient underwent monitoring during a @-min procedure , during and after meals either under pressure support or spontaneous breathing on two consecutive days .", "inductance plethysmography was used to monitor respiratory rate and tidal volume .", "tidal volume by a flow transducer , arterial oxygen saturation , pulse rate , end-tidal co@ ( , ) and dyspnoea by a visual analogue scale were also assessed .", "anova analysis showed a significant increase under spontaneous breathing for respiratory rate ( p < @ ) and for end tidal co ( @ ) ( p < @ ) induced by the meals .", "inspiratory pressure support was associated to significantly greater tidal volume ( p < @ ) , lower respiratory rate ( p < @ ) , lower respiratory rate/tidal volume ( p < @ ) , and lower pulse rate ( p < @ ) than spontaneous breathing .", "under spontaneous breathing but not under pressure support a statistically worsening in meal-induced dispnoea ( p < @ ) was found .", "in tracheostomised difficult-to-wean copd patients : @ ) under unassisted breathing , meals may induce an increase in respiratory rate , end-tidal co ( @ ) , and dyspnoea ; @ ) inspiratory pressure support ventilation prevents dyspnoea from worsening during meals ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to evaluate effects of meals in difficult-to-wean tracheostomised patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases during spontaneous breathing or inspiratory pressure support .', 'prospective , crossover , randomised , and physiological study .', 'weaning centre .', 'sixteen copd undergoing either decreasing levels of pressure support or increasing periods of spontaneous breathing .', 'each patient underwent monitoring during a @-min procedure , during and after meals either under pressure support or spontaneous breathing on two consecutive days .', 'inductance plethysmography was used to monitor respiratory rate and tidal volume .', 'tidal volume by a flow transducer , arterial oxygen saturation , pulse rate , end-tidal co@ ( , ) and dyspnoea by a visual analogue scale were also assessed .', 'anova analysis showed a significant increase under spontaneous breathing for respiratory rate ( p < @ ) and for end tidal co ( @ ) ( p < @ ) induced by the meals .', 'inspiratory pressure support was associated to significantly greater tidal volume ( p < @ ) , lower respiratory rate ( p < @ ) , lower respiratory rate/tidal volume ( p < @ ) , and lower pulse rate ( p < @ ) than spontaneous breathing .', 'under spontaneous breathing but not under pressure support a statistically worsening in meal-induced dispnoea ( p < @ ) was found .', 'in tracheostomised difficult-to-wean copd patients : @ ) under unassisted breathing , meals may induce an increase in respiratory rate , end-tidal co ( @ ) , and dyspnoea ; @ ) inspiratory pressure support ventilation prevents dyspnoea from worsening during meals .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "a @-week double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled trial was conducted to determine the efficacy of combined therapy with olanzapine and either valproate or lithium compared with valproate or lithium alone in treating acute manic or mixed bipolar episodes .", "the primary objective was to evaluate the efficacy of olanzapine ( @-@ mg/d ) vs placebo when added to ongoing mood-stabilizer therapy as measured by reductions in young mania rating scale ( ymrs ) scores .", "patients with bipolar disorder ( n = @ ) , manic or mixed episode , who were inadequately responsive to more than @ weeks of lithium or valproate therapy , were randomized to receive cotherapy ( olanzapine + mood-stabilizer ) or monotherapy ( placebo + mood-stabilizer ) .", "olanzapine cotherapy improved patients ' ymrs total scores significantly more than monotherapy ( -@ vs -@ ; p = @ ) .", "clinical response rates ( > or = @ % improvement on ymrs ) were significantly higher with cotherapy ( @ % vs @ % ; p < @ ) .", "olanzapine cotherapy improved @-item hamilton depression rating scale ( hamd-@ ) total scores significantly more than monotherapy ( @ vs @ points ; p < @ ) .", "in patients with mixed-episodes with moderate to severe depressive symptoms ( dsm-iv mixed episode ; hamd-@ score of > or = @ at baseline ) , olanzapine cotherapy improved hamd-@ scores by @ points compared with @ for monotherapy ( p < @ ) .", "extrapyramidal symptoms ( simpson-angus scale , barnes akathisia scale , abnormal involuntary movement scale ) were not significantly changed from baseline to end point in either treatment group .", "treatment-emergent symptoms that were significantly higher for the olanzapine cotherapy group included somnolence , dry mouth , weight gain , increased appetite , tremor , and slurred speech .", "compared with the use of valproate or lithium alone , the addition of olanzapine provided superior efficacy in the treatment of manic and mixed bipolar episodes ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['a @-week double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled trial was conducted to determine the efficacy of combined therapy with olanzapine and either valproate or lithium compared with valproate or lithium alone in treating acute manic or mixed bipolar episodes .', 'the primary objective was to evaluate the efficacy of olanzapine ( @-@ mg/d ) vs placebo when added to ongoing mood-stabilizer therapy as measured by reductions in young mania rating scale ( ymrs ) scores .', 'patients with bipolar disorder ( n = @ ) , manic or mixed episode , who were inadequately responsive to more than @ weeks of lithium or valproate therapy , were randomized to receive cotherapy ( olanzapine + mood-stabilizer ) or monotherapy ( placebo + mood-stabilizer ) .', \"olanzapine cotherapy improved patients ' ymrs total scores significantly more than monotherapy ( -@ vs -@ ; p = @ ) .\", 'clinical response rates ( > or = @ % improvement on ymrs ) were significantly higher with cotherapy ( @ % vs @ % ; p < @ ) .', 'olanzapine cotherapy improved @-item hamilton depression rating scale ( hamd-@ ) total scores significantly more than monotherapy ( @ vs @ points ; p < @ ) .', 'in patients with mixed-episodes with moderate to severe depressive symptoms ( dsm-iv mixed episode ; hamd-@ score of > or = @ at baseline ) , olanzapine cotherapy improved hamd-@ scores by @ points compared with @ for monotherapy ( p < @ ) .', 'extrapyramidal symptoms ( simpson-angus scale , barnes akathisia scale , abnormal involuntary movement scale ) were not significantly changed from baseline to end point in either treatment group .', 'treatment-emergent symptoms that were significantly higher for the olanzapine cotherapy group included somnolence , dry mouth , weight gain , increased appetite , tremor , and slurred speech .', 'compared with the use of valproate or lithium alone , the addition of olanzapine provided superior efficacy in the treatment of manic and mixed bipolar episodes .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "people with cirrhosis are at increased risk of development of complications related to sedation .", "the aim of the present study was to compare the effects of sedation for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy ( ugie ) with propofol and midazolam on psychometric tests and critical flicker frequency ( cff ) in people with cirrhosis .", "a total of @ people with cirrhosis were randomized into three groups : propofol group ( n = @ ) , midazolam group ( n = @ ) and no sedation ( n = @ ) .", "all patients underwent cff test and combination of psychometry ( number connection test-a and b [ nct-a , b ] ; digit symbol test [ dst ] , line tracing test [ ltt ] and serial dotting test [ sdt ] ) at baseline and at @h post-endoscopy .", "cff was done at @min and repeated every @min for @h .", "in the propofol group there was no deterioration in psychometry ( nct-a [ @ vs @ s ] , nct-b [ @ vs @ s ] , dst [ @ vs @ ] , ltt [ @ vs @ s ] , sdt [ @ vs @ s ] ) .", "significant deterioration from baseline ( @ hz ) was seen in cff at @min ( @ hz ) and @h ( @ hz ) , p = @ but no difference thereafter .", "in the midazolam group , significant deterioration was observed on psychometry ( nct-a [ @ vs @ s ] , nct-b [ @ vs @ s ] , dst [ @ vs @ ] , ltt [ @ vs @ s ] , sdt [ @ ] ) .", "no deterioration was observed in psychometry and cff in people with cirrhosis without sedation .", "propofol sedation for ugie was associated with earlier recovery compared with midazolam , which causes deterioration of psychometric tests and cff for a longer time in comparison with propofol ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['people with cirrhosis are at increased risk of development of complications related to sedation .', 'the aim of the present study was to compare the effects of sedation for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy ( ugie ) with propofol and midazolam on psychometric tests and critical flicker frequency ( cff ) in people with cirrhosis .', 'a total of @ people with cirrhosis were randomized into three groups : propofol group ( n = @ ) , midazolam group ( n = @ ) and no sedation ( n = @ ) .', 'all patients underwent cff test and combination of psychometry ( number connection test-a and b [ nct-a , b ] ; digit symbol test [ dst ] , line tracing test [ ltt ] and serial dotting test [ sdt ] ) at baseline and at @h post-endoscopy .', 'cff was done at @min and repeated every @min for @h .', 'in the propofol group there was no deterioration in psychometry ( nct-a [ @ vs @ s ] , nct-b [ @ vs @ s ] , dst [ @ vs @ ] , ltt [ @ vs @ s ] , sdt [ @ vs @ s ] ) .', 'significant deterioration from baseline ( @ hz ) was seen in cff at @min ( @ hz ) and @h ( @ hz ) , p = @ but no difference thereafter .', 'in the midazolam group , significant deterioration was observed on psychometry ( nct-a [ @ vs @ s ] , nct-b [ @ vs @ s ] , dst [ @ vs @ ] , ltt [ @ vs @ s ] , sdt [ @ ] ) .', 'no deterioration was observed in psychometry and cff in people with cirrhosis without sedation .', 'propofol sedation for ugie was associated with earlier recovery compared with midazolam , which causes deterioration of psychometric tests and cff for a longer time in comparison with propofol .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "excessive platelet deposition at the site of arterial damage due to coronary angioplasty plays an important role in the pathophysiology of both abrupt closure and restenosis after that procedure .", "even aspirin , a relatively weak platelet antagonist , decreases the complications of coronary angioplasty .", "this study was designed to provide preliminary safety and efficacy data on the use of a much more powerful antiplatelet agent , m@e@ fab , a prototype murine monoclonal antibody fragment that binds directly to the platelet glycoprotein iib/iiia receptor mediating aggregation in patients undergoing coronary angioplasty .", "twenty-three patients referred for elective coronary angioplasty who met prespecified criteria designed to minimize risk of bleeding received , in groups of four to six patients , escalating bolus doses of @ to @ mg/kg of this agent immediately before coronary angioplasty .", "heparin was administered in the usual manner , but aspirin was withheld for @ hours before coronary angioplasty and until bleeding times and platelet aggregation had returned to normal after angioplasty .", "glycoprotein iib/iiia binding site occupation , platelet aggregation response to @ microm of adenosine diphosphate , and data on bleeding times were acquired at baseline and at @ , @ , @ , @ and @ hours after m@e@ fab administration .", "clinical safety and efficacy were also monitored throughout the time of hospitalization , and delayed antimurine immune responses were assayed .", "five similar patients received aspirin ( @ mg orally per day ) but otherwise received the same treatment , thus serving as controls .", "treatment with m@e@ fab resulted in a dose-dependent occupation of binding sites to a maximum of @ % at @ hours in the highest-dose groups , with an associated graded inhibition of platelet aggregation and increase in bleeding time significantly exceeding that seen in control patients , with a gradual recovery over @ to @ hours .", "percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty was successfully performed in @ of @ patients ( @ % ) in whom it was attempted .", "arterial and venous sheath removal @ hours after m@e@ fab dosing was largely uneventful .", "no thrombotic complications were seen , and only one patient ( excluding a patient who underwent uneventful urgent bypass surgery ) had bleeding severe enough to require packed red cell transfusion .", "eight patients ( @ % ) developed late antibody titers against m@e@ fab .", "this murine monoclonal antibody provides potent antiaggregatory action and thus may be useful in preventing thrombotic complications of coronary angioplasty , but studies of its safety and efficacy during longer infusions and with larger numbers of patients are needed .", "less immunogenic forms of the antibody may be more clinically useful ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['excessive platelet deposition at the site of arterial damage due to coronary angioplasty plays an important role in the pathophysiology of both abrupt closure and restenosis after that procedure .', 'even aspirin , a relatively weak platelet antagonist , decreases the complications of coronary angioplasty .', 'this study was designed to provide preliminary safety and efficacy data on the use of a much more powerful antiplatelet agent , m@e@ fab , a prototype murine monoclonal antibody fragment that binds directly to the platelet glycoprotein iib/iiia receptor mediating aggregation in patients undergoing coronary angioplasty .', 'twenty-three patients referred for elective coronary angioplasty who met prespecified criteria designed to minimize risk of bleeding received , in groups of four to six patients , escalating bolus doses of @ to @ mg/kg of this agent immediately before coronary angioplasty .', 'heparin was administered in the usual manner , but aspirin was withheld for @ hours before coronary angioplasty and until bleeding times and platelet aggregation had returned to normal after angioplasty .', 'glycoprotein iib/iiia binding site occupation , platelet aggregation response to @ microm of adenosine diphosphate , and data on bleeding times were acquired at baseline and at @ , @ , @ , @ and @ hours after m@e@ fab administration .', 'clinical safety and efficacy were also monitored throughout the time of hospitalization , and delayed antimurine immune responses were assayed .', 'five similar patients received aspirin ( @ mg orally per day ) but otherwise received the same treatment , thus serving as controls .', 'treatment with m@e@ fab resulted in a dose-dependent occupation of binding sites to a maximum of @ % at @ hours in the highest-dose groups , with an associated graded inhibition of platelet aggregation and increase in bleeding time significantly exceeding that seen in control patients , with a gradual recovery over @ to @ hours .', 'percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty was successfully performed in @ of @ patients ( @ % ) in whom it was attempted .', 'arterial and venous sheath removal @ hours after m@e@ fab dosing was largely uneventful .', 'no thrombotic complications were seen , and only one patient ( excluding a patient who underwent uneventful urgent bypass surgery ) had bleeding severe enough to require packed red cell transfusion .', 'eight patients ( @ % ) developed late antibody titers against m@e@ fab .', 'this murine monoclonal antibody provides potent antiaggregatory action and thus may be useful in preventing thrombotic complications of coronary angioplasty , but studies of its safety and efficacy during longer infusions and with larger numbers of patients are needed .', 'less immunogenic forms of the antibody may be more clinically useful .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "despite successful coronary angioplasty ( ptca ) , patients may have ischemia after the procedure because of the overall coronary disease and luminal renarrowing at the lesion sites .", "the aim of this study was to examine the effects of the calcium-channel blocker amlodipine on post-ptca ischemia .", "in a prospective , double-blind design , patients were randomized to receive @ mg of amlodipine or placebo @ weeks before angioplasty .", "exercise tests and @-hour ambulatory electrocardiography recordings were performed in @ patients , @ weeks before and @ and @ weeks ( early and late ) after ptca .", "there were no differences in clinical and angiographic baseline characteristics between the treatment groups .", "ischemia and angina were equally distributed before ptca , and no difference in restenosis was found between the groups at follow-up .", "the incidence of angina was significantly lower in the amlodipine group compared with the placebo group both early and late after ptca ( p = @ and @ ) .", "exercise-induced ischemia was reduced by @ % ( p = @ ) early and @ % ( p = @ ) late after ptca in the amlodipine group , and ischemia on ambulatory electrocardiography was reduced by @ % early and @ % late after ptca compared with placebo ( p = @ and p = @ ) .", "ischemia and angina occurred after successful ptca and were significantly reduced by amlodipine ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['despite successful coronary angioplasty ( ptca ) , patients may have ischemia after the procedure because of the overall coronary disease and luminal renarrowing at the lesion sites .', 'the aim of this study was to examine the effects of the calcium-channel blocker amlodipine on post-ptca ischemia .', 'in a prospective , double-blind design , patients were randomized to receive @ mg of amlodipine or placebo @ weeks before angioplasty .', 'exercise tests and @-hour ambulatory electrocardiography recordings were performed in @ patients , @ weeks before and @ and @ weeks ( early and late ) after ptca .', 'there were no differences in clinical and angiographic baseline characteristics between the treatment groups .', 'ischemia and angina were equally distributed before ptca , and no difference in restenosis was found between the groups at follow-up .', 'the incidence of angina was significantly lower in the amlodipine group compared with the placebo group both early and late after ptca ( p = @ and @ ) .', 'exercise-induced ischemia was reduced by @ % ( p = @ ) early and @ % ( p = @ ) late after ptca in the amlodipine group , and ischemia on ambulatory electrocardiography was reduced by @ % early and @ % late after ptca compared with placebo ( p = @ and p = @ ) .', 'ischemia and angina occurred after successful ptca and were significantly reduced by amlodipine .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to assess the effect of intra-arterial magnesium on the radial artery during transradial cardiac catheterization .", "transradial coronary angiography has become popular in the last decade and offers several advantages over transfemoral angiography .", "radial artery spasm is a major limitation of this approach , and a vasodilatory cocktail is usually given .", "the aim of this study was to examine the effect of magnesium sulphate on the radial artery during cardiac catheterization .", "this was a prospective , double-blind , randomized trial of @ patients undergoing radial catheterization .", "patients were randomized to receive magnesium sulphate ( @ mg ) or verapamil ( @ mg ) into the radial sheath .", "radial dimensions were assessed using doppler ultrasound .", "the primary endpoint of the study was a change in radial artery diameter following administration .", "secondary endpoints included operator-defined radial artery spasm and patient pain .", "following administration of the study drug , there was an increase in radial artery diameter in both groups ( p < @ ) , although the increase seen was greater in the group receiving magnesium ( magnesium @ + / - @ mm ; verapamil @ + / - @ mm ; p < @ ) .", "administration of verapamil resulted in a fall in mean arterial pressure ( map ) ( change in map -@ + / - @ mmhg ; p < @ ) , whereas magnesium did not have a hemodynamic effect .", "severe arm pain ( pain score > @ ) was observed in @ ( @ % ) patients receiving verapamil and @ ( @ % ) receiving magnesium ( p = ns ) .", "this study demonstrates that magnesium is a more effective vasodilator when compared to verapamil , with a reduced hemodynamic effect , and is equally effective at preventing radial artery spasm .", "as such , the use of this agent offers distinct advantages over verapamil during radial catheterization ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to assess the effect of intra-arterial magnesium on the radial artery during transradial cardiac catheterization .', 'transradial coronary angiography has become popular in the last decade and offers several advantages over transfemoral angiography .', 'radial artery spasm is a major limitation of this approach , and a vasodilatory cocktail is usually given .', 'the aim of this study was to examine the effect of magnesium sulphate on the radial artery during cardiac catheterization .', 'this was a prospective , double-blind , randomized trial of @ patients undergoing radial catheterization .', 'patients were randomized to receive magnesium sulphate ( @ mg ) or verapamil ( @ mg ) into the radial sheath .', 'radial dimensions were assessed using doppler ultrasound .', 'the primary endpoint of the study was a change in radial artery diameter following administration .', 'secondary endpoints included operator-defined radial artery spasm and patient pain .', 'following administration of the study drug , there was an increase in radial artery diameter in both groups ( p < @ ) , although the increase seen was greater in the group receiving magnesium ( magnesium @ + / - @ mm ; verapamil @ + / - @ mm ; p < @ ) .', 'administration of verapamil resulted in a fall in mean arterial pressure ( map ) ( change in map -@ + / - @ mmhg ; p < @ ) , whereas magnesium did not have a hemodynamic effect .', 'severe arm pain ( pain score > @ ) was observed in @ ( @ % ) patients receiving verapamil and @ ( @ % ) receiving magnesium ( p = ns ) .', 'this study demonstrates that magnesium is a more effective vasodilator when compared to verapamil , with a reduced hemodynamic effect , and is equally effective at preventing radial artery spasm .', 'as such , the use of this agent offers distinct advantages over verapamil during radial catheterization .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "several large epidemiological outcome studies did not demonstrate a benefit of combined estrogen-progestin replacement treatment ( hrt ) on cardiovascular events in elderly postmenopausal women .", "whether progestin antagonism is responsible for these negative results or the natural estrogen @ss-estradial ( e@ ) itself is not effective in the coronary circulation is unknown .", "to assess the effect of @ months of e@ treatment on the coronary circulation , i.e. , on coronary flow reserve ( cfr ) , in postmenopausal women without established coronary artery disease ( cad ) .", "in a double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over design postmenopausal women ( @ + / - @ years , n = @ ) were randomized to either start with placebo or e@ ( estrofem , novo nordisk , copenhagen , denmark ) @ mg/d given orally over @ months and to switch thereafter for another @ months of therapy .", "at baseline , a stress echocardiography was performed to exclude cad .", "cfr was determined by coronary sinus cmr flow measurements ( with motion-adapted gating and interactive acquisition window control ; spatial/temporal resolution of @ x @ mm@/@ -@ ms ) which were performed at rest and during vasodilation ( dipyridamole @ mg/kg over @ minutes iv ) at baseline , and after @ and @ months of therapy , respectively .", "hemodynamics such as heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were not different for the control and e@ group .", "for cfr and for resting and hyperemic coronary sinus blood flow , no differences between the placebo and e@ group were found ( @-way anova for repeated measurements ) .", "reproducibility of phase-contrast cmr measurements of cfr was -@ + / - @ % .", "in elderly postmenopausal women without significant cad , oral administration of e@ over @ months without a progestin co-administration does not improve cfr .", "this finding yields partly explanation for some large epidemiological trials which could not demonstrate a clinical cardiovascular benefit of hrt in elderly women ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['several large epidemiological outcome studies did not demonstrate a benefit of combined estrogen-progestin replacement treatment ( hrt ) on cardiovascular events in elderly postmenopausal women .', 'whether progestin antagonism is responsible for these negative results or the natural estrogen @ss-estradial ( e@ ) itself is not effective in the coronary circulation is unknown .', 'to assess the effect of @ months of e@ treatment on the coronary circulation , i.e. , on coronary flow reserve ( cfr ) , in postmenopausal women without established coronary artery disease ( cad ) .', 'in a double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over design postmenopausal women ( @ + / - @ years , n = @ ) were randomized to either start with placebo or e@ ( estrofem , novo nordisk , copenhagen , denmark ) @ mg/d given orally over @ months and to switch thereafter for another @ months of therapy .', 'at baseline , a stress echocardiography was performed to exclude cad .', 'cfr was determined by coronary sinus cmr flow measurements ( with motion-adapted gating and interactive acquisition window control ; spatial/temporal resolution of @ x @ mm@/@ -@ ms ) which were performed at rest and during vasodilation ( dipyridamole @ mg/kg over @ minutes iv ) at baseline , and after @ and @ months of therapy , respectively .', 'hemodynamics such as heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were not different for the control and e@ group .', 'for cfr and for resting and hyperemic coronary sinus blood flow , no differences between the placebo and e@ group were found ( @-way anova for repeated measurements ) .', 'reproducibility of phase-contrast cmr measurements of cfr was -@ + / - @ % .', 'in elderly postmenopausal women without significant cad , oral administration of e@ over @ months without a progestin co-administration does not improve cfr .', 'this finding yields partly explanation for some large epidemiological trials which could not demonstrate a clinical cardiovascular benefit of hrt in elderly women .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to determine the effectiveness of an educational video entitled syphilis and men to increase syphilis knowledge among at-risk black and hispanic male patients .", "in this randomized controlled trial , participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups and completed a pre-test survey , viewed the video ( intervention group ) and/or completed a post-test knowledge survey .", "our analysis assessed whether the intervention group in comparison to the control group had an increase in syphilis knowledge , regardless of self-reported socio-demographic and sexual behavior characteristics associated with increased risk for syphilis infection .", "two hundred and six ( @ ) males were studied .", "the intervention group participants scored on average @ percentage points higher than the control group participants ( p < @ ) on the post-test survey after viewing the video .", "this difference was present regardless of certain self-reported socio-demographic and sexual behavior characteristics associated with increased risk for syphilis infection .", "the syphilis and men video is a five-minute , low-cost tool that increased syphilis knowledge among black and hispanic male patients and could have similar effects in other settings ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to determine the effectiveness of an educational video entitled syphilis and men to increase syphilis knowledge among at-risk black and hispanic male patients .', 'in this randomized controlled trial , participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups and completed a pre-test survey , viewed the video ( intervention group ) and/or completed a post-test knowledge survey .', 'our analysis assessed whether the intervention group in comparison to the control group had an increase in syphilis knowledge , regardless of self-reported socio-demographic and sexual behavior characteristics associated with increased risk for syphilis infection .', 'two hundred and six ( @ ) males were studied .', 'the intervention group participants scored on average @ percentage points higher than the control group participants ( p < @ ) on the post-test survey after viewing the video .', 'this difference was present regardless of certain self-reported socio-demographic and sexual behavior characteristics associated with increased risk for syphilis infection .', 'the syphilis and men video is a five-minute , low-cost tool that increased syphilis knowledge among black and hispanic male patients and could have similar effects in other settings .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the objective was to test the hypothesis that heart failure ( hf ) patients treated with sertraline will have lower depression scores and fewer cardiovascular events compared with placebo .", "depression is common among hf patients .", "it is associated with increased hospitalization and mortality .", "the sadhart-chf ( sertraline against depression and heart disease in chronic heart failure ) trial was a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial of sertraline @ to @ mg/day versus matching placebo for @ weeks .", "all participants also received nurse-facilitated support .", "eligible patients were age @ years or older with hf ( left ventricular ejection fraction < or = @ % , new york heart association functional class ii to iv ) and clinical depression ( diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-fourth edition criteria for current major depressive disorder ) .", "those with significant cognitive impairment , psychosis , recent alcohol or drug dependence , bipolar or severe personality disorder , active suicidal ideation , and current antipsychotic or antidepressant medications were excluded .", "primary end points were change in depression severity ( hamilton depression rating scale total score ) and composite cardiovascular status at @ weeks .", "a total of @ patients were randomized ( n = @ sertraline , n = @ placebo ) .", "the mean + / - se change from baseline to @ weeks in the hamilton depression rating scale total score was -@ + / - @ ( sertraline ) and -@ + / - @ ( placebo ) ( p < @ from baseline , p = @ between groups , mean change between groups -@ ; @ % confidence interval : -@ to @ ) .", "the proportions whose composite cardiovascular score worsened , improved , or was unchanged were @ % , @ % , and @ % , respectively , in the sertraline group and @ % , @ % , and @ % , respectively , in the placebo group ( p = @ ) .", "sertraline was safe in patients with significant hf .", "however , treatment with sertraline compared with placebo did not provide greater reduction in depression or improved cardiovascular status among patients with hf and depression .", "( antidepressant medication treatment for depression in individuals with chronic heart failure [ sadhart-chf ] ; nct@ ) ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the objective was to test the hypothesis that heart failure ( hf ) patients treated with sertraline will have lower depression scores and fewer cardiovascular events compared with placebo .', 'depression is common among hf patients .', 'it is associated with increased hospitalization and mortality .', 'the sadhart-chf ( sertraline against depression and heart disease in chronic heart failure ) trial was a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial of sertraline @ to @ mg/day versus matching placebo for @ weeks .', 'all participants also received nurse-facilitated support .', 'eligible patients were age @ years or older with hf ( left ventricular ejection fraction < or = @ % , new york heart association functional class ii to iv ) and clinical depression ( diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-fourth edition criteria for current major depressive disorder ) .', 'those with significant cognitive impairment , psychosis , recent alcohol or drug dependence , bipolar or severe personality disorder , active suicidal ideation , and current antipsychotic or antidepressant medications were excluded .', 'primary end points were change in depression severity ( hamilton depression rating scale total score ) and composite cardiovascular status at @ weeks .', 'a total of @ patients were randomized ( n = @ sertraline , n = @ placebo ) .', 'the mean + / - se change from baseline to @ weeks in the hamilton depression rating scale total score was -@ + / - @ ( sertraline ) and -@ + / - @ ( placebo ) ( p < @ from baseline , p = @ between groups , mean change between groups -@ ; @ % confidence interval : -@ to @ ) .', 'the proportions whose composite cardiovascular score worsened , improved , or was unchanged were @ % , @ % , and @ % , respectively , in the sertraline group and @ % , @ % , and @ % , respectively , in the placebo group ( p = @ ) .', 'sertraline was safe in patients with significant hf .', 'however , treatment with sertraline compared with placebo did not provide greater reduction in depression or improved cardiovascular status among patients with hf and depression .', '( antidepressant medication treatment for depression in individuals with chronic heart failure [ sadhart-chf ] ; nct@ ) .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "family members and caregivers play a significant supporting role in the rehabilitation process after stroke , a role that may increase with the growing trend of providing stroke rehabilitation in the individual 's own home after discharge from the hospital .", "to explore the impact of family involvement in exercise delivery after stroke from the perspective of the individual with stroke and his or her family member .", "a qualitative research design was used in which in-depth semi-structured interviews were carried out with participants who had taken part in an @-week family-mediated exercise program ( fame ) .", "a phenomenological theoretical framework and a grounded theory methodology were used to inform the data analysis .", "fifteen individuals with acute stroke and @ designated `` family '' members participated in the study after completion of an @-week , individually tailored , family-mediated exercise intervention .", "an overarching concept of patient-centeredness emerged after data analysis , which detailed the extent to which individuals with stroke and their families felt that their rehabilitation was enhanced by the active role of their families .", "four key themes that expanded the concept of patient-centeredness were identified : personalized nature of the reported benefits , therapeutic value of the program , family involvement , and caregiver commitment to program .", "this research serves to increase our understanding of the role of family members in the rehabilitation process after stroke , particularly in relation to exercise delivery , from the perspective of the individuals with stroke and their family members ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: [\"family members and caregivers play a significant supporting role in the rehabilitation process after stroke , a role that may increase with the growing trend of providing stroke rehabilitation in the individual 's own home after discharge from the hospital .\", 'to explore the impact of family involvement in exercise delivery after stroke from the perspective of the individual with stroke and his or her family member .', 'a qualitative research design was used in which in-depth semi-structured interviews were carried out with participants who had taken part in an @-week family-mediated exercise program ( fame ) .', 'a phenomenological theoretical framework and a grounded theory methodology were used to inform the data analysis .', \"fifteen individuals with acute stroke and @ designated `` family '' members participated in the study after completion of an @-week , individually tailored , family-mediated exercise intervention .\", 'an overarching concept of patient-centeredness emerged after data analysis , which detailed the extent to which individuals with stroke and their families felt that their rehabilitation was enhanced by the active role of their families .', 'four key themes that expanded the concept of patient-centeredness were identified : personalized nature of the reported benefits , therapeutic value of the program , family involvement , and caregiver commitment to program .', 'this research serves to increase our understanding of the role of family members in the rehabilitation process after stroke , particularly in relation to exercise delivery , from the perspective of the individuals with stroke and their family members .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "this paper is a report of a study to explore the effects of psychosocial group nursing intervention on older people 's feelings of loneliness , social activity and psychological well-being .", "older people 's loneliness is associated with low quality of life , and impaired health , increased use of health and social services and increased mortality .", "previous intervention studies have achieved quite modest results .", "a randomized controlled trial was conducted between @ and @ using a group intervention aimed at empowering older people , and promoting peer support and social integration .", "a total of @ people ( > @ years ) suffering from loneliness met @ times with professional leaders in groups .", "the ucla loneliness scale and lubben 's social network scale were used at entry , after @ and @ months .", "psychological well-being was charted using a six-dimensional questionnaire at baseline and @ months later .", "a statistically significantly larger proportion of intervention group participants had found new friends during the follow-up year ( @ % vs. @ % , p = @ ) , and @ % of intervention group participants continued their group meetings for @ year .", "however , no differences were found in loneliness or social networks between the groups .", "psychological well-being score improved statistically significantly in the intervention groups [ +@ , @ % confidence interval ( ci ) : +@ to +@ ] , compared with the controls ( +@ , @ % ci : -@ to +@ , p = @ ) .", "feeling needed was statistically significantly more common in the intervention groups ( @ % ) than in controls ( @ % , p = @ ) .", "new sensitive measurements of loneliness and social isolation are needed to measure fluctuations in feelings of loneliness and in social isolation ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: [\"this paper is a report of a study to explore the effects of psychosocial group nursing intervention on older people 's feelings of loneliness , social activity and psychological well-being .\", \"older people 's loneliness is associated with low quality of life , and impaired health , increased use of health and social services and increased mortality .\", 'previous intervention studies have achieved quite modest results .', 'a randomized controlled trial was conducted between @ and @ using a group intervention aimed at empowering older people , and promoting peer support and social integration .', 'a total of @ people ( > @ years ) suffering from loneliness met @ times with professional leaders in groups .', \"the ucla loneliness scale and lubben 's social network scale were used at entry , after @ and @ months .\", 'psychological well-being was charted using a six-dimensional questionnaire at baseline and @ months later .', 'a statistically significantly larger proportion of intervention group participants had found new friends during the follow-up year ( @ % vs. @ % , p = @ ) , and @ % of intervention group participants continued their group meetings for @ year .', 'however , no differences were found in loneliness or social networks between the groups .', 'psychological well-being score improved statistically significantly in the intervention groups [ +@ , @ % confidence interval ( ci ) : +@ to +@ ] , compared with the controls ( +@ , @ % ci : -@ to +@ , p = @ ) .', 'feeling needed was statistically significantly more common in the intervention groups ( @ % ) than in controls ( @ % , p = @ ) .', 'new sensitive measurements of loneliness and social isolation are needed to measure fluctuations in feelings of loneliness and in social isolation .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "scaling and root planing ( srp ) is the primary non-surgical treatment for periodontitis , but its effectiveness is limited .", "consequently , various adjunctive therapies have been investigated to improve clinical outcome .", "this study evaluated the clinical effects of one srp procedure alone or combined with local administration of hydrogen peroxide gel using customized trays for the treatment of subjects with chronic periodontitis over a period of six months .", "an examiner-blind clinical trial was conducted among @ subjects with moderate to advanced periodontitis who were randomized to srp alone or srp combined with prescription custom-tray application ( perio tray ) of @ % hydrogen peroxide gel ( perio gel ) for a period of three months , then extended to six months .", "following impressions for the test group , all subjects brushed twice daily with a regular dentifrice and toothbrush for a four-week acclimation phase to standardize oral conditions ( while trays were fabricated ) prior to initiating the treatment phase .", "srp was performed three weeks after baseline , and clinical assessments , i.e. , pocket probing depth ( ppd ) and bleeding index ( bi ) , were conducted at baseline and after two , five , @ , and @ weeks of peroxide gel applications .", "clinical variables were compared by ancova and paired t-tests after each treatment interval .", "a total of @ test and @ control subjects completed the original three-month trial , of whom @ test and @ control subjects finished the three-month extension .", "after two weeks of peroxide gel use prior to srp , mean ppd for the test group significantly decreased from baseline by @ mm and mean bi significantly dropped by @ ; clinical parameters for the control group were unchanged .", "two weeks following srp , mean ppd significantly decreased from baseline by @ mm for the test group and @ mm for the control ; mean bi significantly dropped by @ for the test group and @ for the control .", "ten weeks following srp , mean ppd decreases were @ mm for the test group and @ mm for the control , and mean bi reductions were @ for the test group and @ for the control .", "for subjects who completed the three-month extension ( i.e. , @ weeks post-srp ) , mean ppd decreases were @ mm for the test group and @ mm for the control , and mean bi reductions were @ for the test group and @ for the control .", "analysis of deeper pockets ( i.e. , > @ mm at baseline ) showed the same relationship for ppd , but with larger differences between groups .", "for example , after two weeks of peroxide gel use prior to srp , mean ppd decreased by @ mm for the test group compared to @ mm for the control .", "two weeks after srp , mean ppd decreased from baseline by @ mm for the test group and @ mm for the control , and @ weeks after srp by @ mm for the test group and @ mm for the control .", "after the extension ( i.e. , @ weeks post-srp ) , mean ppd changed from baseline by @ mm for the test group and @ mm for the control .", "with the exception of bi at @ weeks post-srp , all reductions cited above for the test group were statistically significantly different from the control group for both ppd and bi for all comparisons .", "when compared with srp alone , clinical improvements in ppd ( e.g. , -@ mm for pockets > @ mm at baseline ) were maintained for up to six months after srp with adjunctive use of @ % hydrogen peroxide gel , locally administered using prescription customized trays in the treatment of subjects with moderate to advanced periodontitis ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['scaling and root planing ( srp ) is the primary non-surgical treatment for periodontitis , but its effectiveness is limited .', 'consequently , various adjunctive therapies have been investigated to improve clinical outcome .', 'this study evaluated the clinical effects of one srp procedure alone or combined with local administration of hydrogen peroxide gel using customized trays for the treatment of subjects with chronic periodontitis over a period of six months .', 'an examiner-blind clinical trial was conducted among @ subjects with moderate to advanced periodontitis who were randomized to srp alone or srp combined with prescription custom-tray application ( perio tray ) of @ % hydrogen peroxide gel ( perio gel ) for a period of three months , then extended to six months .', 'following impressions for the test group , all subjects brushed twice daily with a regular dentifrice and toothbrush for a four-week acclimation phase to standardize oral conditions ( while trays were fabricated ) prior to initiating the treatment phase .', 'srp was performed three weeks after baseline , and clinical assessments , i.e. , pocket probing depth ( ppd ) and bleeding index ( bi ) , were conducted at baseline and after two , five , @ , and @ weeks of peroxide gel applications .', 'clinical variables were compared by ancova and paired t-tests after each treatment interval .', 'a total of @ test and @ control subjects completed the original three-month trial , of whom @ test and @ control subjects finished the three-month extension .', 'after two weeks of peroxide gel use prior to srp , mean ppd for the test group significantly decreased from baseline by @ mm and mean bi significantly dropped by @ ; clinical parameters for the control group were unchanged .', 'two weeks following srp , mean ppd significantly decreased from baseline by @ mm for the test group and @ mm for the control ; mean bi significantly dropped by @ for the test group and @ for the control .', 'ten weeks following srp , mean ppd decreases were @ mm for the test group and @ mm for the control , and mean bi reductions were @ for the test group and @ for the control .', 'for subjects who completed the three-month extension ( i.e. , @ weeks post-srp ) , mean ppd decreases were @ mm for the test group and @ mm for the control , and mean bi reductions were @ for the test group and @ for the control .', 'analysis of deeper pockets ( i.e. , > @ mm at baseline ) showed the same relationship for ppd , but with larger differences between groups .', 'for example , after two weeks of peroxide gel use prior to srp , mean ppd decreased by @ mm for the test group compared to @ mm for the control .', 'two weeks after srp , mean ppd decreased from baseline by @ mm for the test group and @ mm for the control , and @ weeks after srp by @ mm for the test group and @ mm for the control .', 'after the extension ( i.e. , @ weeks post-srp ) , mean ppd changed from baseline by @ mm for the test group and @ mm for the control .', 'with the exception of bi at @ weeks post-srp , all reductions cited above for the test group were statistically significantly different from the control group for both ppd and bi for all comparisons .', 'when compared with srp alone , clinical improvements in ppd ( e.g. , -@ mm for pockets > @ mm at baseline ) were maintained for up to six months after srp with adjunctive use of @ % hydrogen peroxide gel , locally administered using prescription customized trays in the treatment of subjects with moderate to advanced periodontitis .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "impaired dark adaptation occurs commonly in vitamin a deficiency .", "we sought to examine the responsiveness of dark-adaptation threshold to vitamin a and beta-carotene supplementation in nepali women .", "the dark-adapted pupillary response was tested in @ pregnant women aged @-@ y in a placebo-controlled trial of vitamin a and beta-carotene ; @ of these women were also tested at @ mo postpartum .", "results were compared with those for @ nonpregnant us women of similar age .", "the amount of light required for pupillary constriction was recorded after bleaching and dark adaptation .", "pregnant women receiving vitamin a had better dark-adaptation thresholds ( -@ log cd/m ( @ ) ) than did those receiving placebo ( -@ log cd/m ( @ ) ; p : = @ ) or beta-carotene ( -@ log cd/m ( @ ) ; p : = @ ) ( t tests with bonferroni correction ) .", "dark-adaptation threshold was associated with serum retinol concentration in pregnant women receiving placebo ( p : = @ ) and in those receiving beta-carotene ( p : = @ ) but not in those receiving vitamin a. among women receiving placebo , mean dark-adaptation thresholds were better during the first trimester ( -@ log cd/m ( @ ) ) than during the second and third trimesters ( -@ log cd/m ( @ ) ; p : = @ , t test ) .", "the mean threshold of nonpregnant us women ( -@ log cd/m ( @ ) ) was better than that of all @ nepali groups ( p : < @ , t test , for all @ groups ) .", "during pregnancy , pupillary dark adaptation was strongly associated with serum retinol concentration and improved significantly in response to vitamin a supplementation .", "this noninvasive testing technique is a valid indicator of population vitamin a status in women of reproductive age ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['impaired dark adaptation occurs commonly in vitamin a deficiency .', 'we sought to examine the responsiveness of dark-adaptation threshold to vitamin a and beta-carotene supplementation in nepali women .', 'the dark-adapted pupillary response was tested in @ pregnant women aged @-@ y in a placebo-controlled trial of vitamin a and beta-carotene ; @ of these women were also tested at @ mo postpartum .', 'results were compared with those for @ nonpregnant us women of similar age .', 'the amount of light required for pupillary constriction was recorded after bleaching and dark adaptation .', 'pregnant women receiving vitamin a had better dark-adaptation thresholds ( -@ log cd/m ( @ ) ) than did those receiving placebo ( -@ log cd/m ( @ ) ; p : = @ ) or beta-carotene ( -@ log cd/m ( @ ) ; p : = @ ) ( t tests with bonferroni correction ) .', 'dark-adaptation threshold was associated with serum retinol concentration in pregnant women receiving placebo ( p : = @ ) and in those receiving beta-carotene ( p : = @ ) but not in those receiving vitamin a. among women receiving placebo , mean dark-adaptation thresholds were better during the first trimester ( -@ log cd/m ( @ ) ) than during the second and third trimesters ( -@ log cd/m ( @ ) ; p : = @ , t test ) .', 'the mean threshold of nonpregnant us women ( -@ log cd/m ( @ ) ) was better than that of all @ nepali groups ( p : < @ , t test , for all @ groups ) .', 'during pregnancy , pupillary dark adaptation was strongly associated with serum retinol concentration and improved significantly in response to vitamin a supplementation .', 'this noninvasive testing technique is a valid indicator of population vitamin a status in women of reproductive age .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide .", "higher oxidative stress may contribute to the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease ( cad ) .", "the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of l-carnitine ( lc , @mg/d ) on the markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes activities in cad patients .", "we enrolled @ cad patients in the study .", "the cad patients were identified by cardiac catheterization as having at least @ % stenosis of one major coronary artery .", "the subjects were randomly assigned to the placebo ( n = @ ) and lc ( n = @ ) groups .", "the intervention was administered for @weeks .", "the levels of serum lc , plasma malondialdehyde ( mda ) , and erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes activities [ catalase ( cat ) , superoxide dismutase ( sod ) , glutathione peroxidase ( gpx ) ] were measured before and after intervention .", "thirty-nine subjects completed the study ( placebo , n = @ ; lc , n = @ ) .", "after @weeks of lc supplementation , the level of mda was significantly reduced ( @ to @ mol/l , p = @ ) and the level of lc ( @ to @ mol/l , p = @ ) and antioxidant enzymes activities [ cat ( @ to @ u/mg of protein , p = @ ) , sod ( @ to @ u/mg of protein , p < @ ) , and gpx ( @ to @ u/mg of protein , p = @ ) ] were significantly increased .", "the level of lc was significantly positively correlated with the antioxidant enzymes activities ( cat , = @ , p = @ ; sod , = @ , p < @ ) .", "lc supplementation at a dose of @mg/d was associated with a significant reduction in oxidative stress and an increase in antioxidant enzymes activities in cad patients .", "cad patients might benefit from using lc supplements to increase their anti-oxidation capacity .", "clinical trials.gov identifier : nct@ ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide .', 'higher oxidative stress may contribute to the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease ( cad ) .', 'the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of l-carnitine ( lc , @mg/d ) on the markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes activities in cad patients .', 'we enrolled @ cad patients in the study .', 'the cad patients were identified by cardiac catheterization as having at least @ % stenosis of one major coronary artery .', 'the subjects were randomly assigned to the placebo ( n = @ ) and lc ( n = @ ) groups .', 'the intervention was administered for @weeks .', 'the levels of serum lc , plasma malondialdehyde ( mda ) , and erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes activities [ catalase ( cat ) , superoxide dismutase ( sod ) , glutathione peroxidase ( gpx ) ] were measured before and after intervention .', 'thirty-nine subjects completed the study ( placebo , n = @ ; lc , n = @ ) .', 'after @weeks of lc supplementation , the level of mda was significantly reduced ( @ to @ mol/l , p = @ ) and the level of lc ( @ to @ mol/l , p = @ ) and antioxidant enzymes activities [ cat ( @ to @ u/mg of protein , p = @ ) , sod ( @ to @ u/mg of protein , p < @ ) , and gpx ( @ to @ u/mg of protein , p = @ ) ] were significantly increased .', 'the level of lc was significantly positively correlated with the antioxidant enzymes activities ( cat , = @ , p = @ ; sod , = @ , p < @ ) .', 'lc supplementation at a dose of @mg/d was associated with a significant reduction in oxidative stress and an increase in antioxidant enzymes activities in cad patients .', 'cad patients might benefit from using lc supplements to increase their anti-oxidation capacity .', 'clinical trials.gov identifier : nct@ .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'BACKGROUND']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "this study aimed to compare dental plaque removal efficacy of three manual toothbrushes .", "three toothbrushes ( colgate flexvel - colgate ( t@ ) , oral b advantage control grip - oral b ( t@ ) , comfort clean - johnson & johnson - reach ( t@ ) were evaluated for dental plaque removal in @ subjects .", "dental plaque was scored before and after seven days ' use of each toothbrush , employing an adaptation of quigley-hein index modified by turesky ( plaque index ) .", "assessments were performed at days @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , and @ .", "at the end of the trial each subject was asked which toothbrush was preferred .", "final dental plaque scores for toothbrush t@ were statistically different from toothbrushes t@ and t@ , which in turn did not differ from each other .", "subjects showed preference towards toothbrush t@ .", "toothbrush t@ was more efficient in terms of dental plaque removal when compared with toothbrushes t@ and t@ ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['this study aimed to compare dental plaque removal efficacy of three manual toothbrushes .', 'three toothbrushes ( colgate flexvel - colgate ( t@ ) , oral b advantage control grip - oral b ( t@ ) , comfort clean - johnson & johnson - reach ( t@ ) were evaluated for dental plaque removal in @ subjects .', \"dental plaque was scored before and after seven days ' use of each toothbrush , employing an adaptation of quigley-hein index modified by turesky ( plaque index ) .\", 'assessments were performed at days @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , and @ .', 'at the end of the trial each subject was asked which toothbrush was preferred .', 'final dental plaque scores for toothbrush t@ were statistically different from toothbrushes t@ and t@ , which in turn did not differ from each other .', 'subjects showed preference towards toothbrush t@ .', 'toothbrush t@ was more efficient in terms of dental plaque removal when compared with toothbrushes t@ and t@ .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy of adding fenofibric acid to moderate-dose statin therapy in patients at goal for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( ldl-c ) but with persistent hypertriglyceridemia .", "this is a post hoc analysis of a subset of patients ( n = @ ) with mixed dyslipidemia treated with moderate-dose statin ( rosuvastatin @ mg , simvastatin @ mg , or atorvastatin @ mg ) for @ weeks in three controlled trials who had achieved ldl-c < @ mg/dl but whose triglycerides remained > @ mg/dl , and had fenofibric acid @ mg added to the moderate-dose statin in a @-week open-label extension study .", "lipid and apolipoprotein ( apo ) values and the proportion of patients meeting individual and combined treatment targets with combination therapy were determined at scheduled visits during the @-week study and compared with baseline ( start of extension study ) .", "addition of fenofibric acid to moderate-dose statin for @ weeks resulted in significant ( p < @ ) improvements in non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( non-hdl-c ; -@ % ) , apob ( -@ % ) , hdl-c ( @ % ) , and triglycerides ( -@ % ) compared with baseline .", "at final visit , greater proportions of patients achieved optimal levels of individual parameters as well as combined targets of ldl-c + non-hdl-c ( @ % vs @ % ) , ldl-c + non-hdl-c + apob ( @ % vs @ % , p = @ ) , and ldl-c + non-hdl-c + apob + hdl-c + triglycerides ( @ % vs @ % ) than at baseline .", "the addition of fenofibric acid to moderate-dose statin in patients whose ldl-c was optimal but whose triglycerides remained > @ mg/dl led to additional improvements in non-hdl-c , apob , hdl-c , and triglycerides that resulted in greater proportions of patients attaining optimal levels of the individual parameters as well as simultaneously achieving optimal levels of these parameters and ldl-c ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy of adding fenofibric acid to moderate-dose statin therapy in patients at goal for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( ldl-c ) but with persistent hypertriglyceridemia .', 'this is a post hoc analysis of a subset of patients ( n = @ ) with mixed dyslipidemia treated with moderate-dose statin ( rosuvastatin @ mg , simvastatin @ mg , or atorvastatin @ mg ) for @ weeks in three controlled trials who had achieved ldl-c < @ mg/dl but whose triglycerides remained > @ mg/dl , and had fenofibric acid @ mg added to the moderate-dose statin in a @-week open-label extension study .', 'lipid and apolipoprotein ( apo ) values and the proportion of patients meeting individual and combined treatment targets with combination therapy were determined at scheduled visits during the @-week study and compared with baseline ( start of extension study ) .', 'addition of fenofibric acid to moderate-dose statin for @ weeks resulted in significant ( p < @ ) improvements in non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( non-hdl-c ; -@ % ) , apob ( -@ % ) , hdl-c ( @ % ) , and triglycerides ( -@ % ) compared with baseline .', 'at final visit , greater proportions of patients achieved optimal levels of individual parameters as well as combined targets of ldl-c + non-hdl-c ( @ % vs @ % ) , ldl-c + non-hdl-c + apob ( @ % vs @ % , p = @ ) , and ldl-c + non-hdl-c + apob + hdl-c + triglycerides ( @ % vs @ % ) than at baseline .', 'the addition of fenofibric acid to moderate-dose statin in patients whose ldl-c was optimal but whose triglycerides remained > @ mg/dl led to additional improvements in non-hdl-c , apob , hdl-c , and triglycerides that resulted in greater proportions of patients attaining optimal levels of the individual parameters as well as simultaneously achieving optimal levels of these parameters and ldl-c .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "patients commonly present with complaints of postnasal drainage ( pnd ) without objective evidence to support a sinonasal or infectious etiology .", "pnd has been attributed to extra-esophageal reflux ( eer ) , and an empiric trial of antireflux medication often is used to treat pnd and associated symptoms .", "this study was performed to ( @ ) evaluate the relationship between symptoms of eer and pnd and ( @ ) assess the efficacy of proton pump inhibitors ( ppis ) in the management of pnd .", "patients with a chief complaint of pnd without objective evidence of sinonasal inflammatory disease were enrolled in a prospective , double-blinded , randomized placebo-controlled trial using rabeprazole , @ mg , orally twice daily or placebo for @ days .", "subjects completed two-site @-hour pharyngeal ph probe monitoring before treatment .", "outcome measures included pre - and posttreatment visual analog scales for pnd symptoms , reflux symptom index , and reflux finding score ( rfs ) .", "forty-seven patients were enrolled ( mean age , @ years ) -@ patients in the ppi group and @ in the placebo group .", "fifty-six percent of subjects had ph probe confirmed eer using a cutoff of ph < @ .", "baseline symptom measures between subjects with and without eer were not different .", "compared with placebo , subjects receiving rabeprazole reported significant reduction in pnd frequency ( p = @ ) , hoarseness ( p = @ ) , and chronic cough ( p = @ ) .", "the rfs decreased slightly in the placebo group ( p = @ ) whereas it increased slightly in the ppi group ( p = @ ) .", "this difference between groups was significant ( p = @ ) .", "although @ % of subjects had evidence of eer , there was no difference in baseline symptoms between subjects with and without .", "our findings support the potential benefit of ppi therapy for reducing pnd frequency , hoarseness , and chronic cough , and confirm a placebo effect for other laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms .", "the effect on laryngeal findings is mixed and patients may experience symptomatic improvement before changes in laryngoscopic appearance ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['patients commonly present with complaints of postnasal drainage ( pnd ) without objective evidence to support a sinonasal or infectious etiology .', 'pnd has been attributed to extra-esophageal reflux ( eer ) , and an empiric trial of antireflux medication often is used to treat pnd and associated symptoms .', 'this study was performed to ( @ ) evaluate the relationship between symptoms of eer and pnd and ( @ ) assess the efficacy of proton pump inhibitors ( ppis ) in the management of pnd .', 'patients with a chief complaint of pnd without objective evidence of sinonasal inflammatory disease were enrolled in a prospective , double-blinded , randomized placebo-controlled trial using rabeprazole , @ mg , orally twice daily or placebo for @ days .', 'subjects completed two-site @-hour pharyngeal ph probe monitoring before treatment .', 'outcome measures included pre - and posttreatment visual analog scales for pnd symptoms , reflux symptom index , and reflux finding score ( rfs ) .', 'forty-seven patients were enrolled ( mean age , @ years ) -@ patients in the ppi group and @ in the placebo group .', 'fifty-six percent of subjects had ph probe confirmed eer using a cutoff of ph < @ .', 'baseline symptom measures between subjects with and without eer were not different .', 'compared with placebo , subjects receiving rabeprazole reported significant reduction in pnd frequency ( p = @ ) , hoarseness ( p = @ ) , and chronic cough ( p = @ ) .', 'the rfs decreased slightly in the placebo group ( p = @ ) whereas it increased slightly in the ppi group ( p = @ ) .', 'this difference between groups was significant ( p = @ ) .', 'although @ % of subjects had evidence of eer , there was no difference in baseline symptoms between subjects with and without .', 'our findings support the potential benefit of ppi therapy for reducing pnd frequency , hoarseness , and chronic cough , and confirm a placebo effect for other laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms .', 'the effect on laryngeal findings is mixed and patients may experience symptomatic improvement before changes in laryngoscopic appearance .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the purpose of this study was to assess the radiographic and clinical distribution of @ to @ paravertebral injections by use of the same total volume of local anesthetic mixture .", "sixty-nine patients scheduled for surgical interventions suitable for bilateral pvb were included in the study and were randomly assigned to @ of @ treatment groups .", "group @ received @ paravertebral injections on one side versus @ injection on the contralateral side ( @ patients ) , group @ received @ injections versus @ injections ( @ patients ) , and group @ received @ injections versus @ injections ( @ patients ) .", "sixty-one patients were included in the final analysis , which resulted in @ thoracic paravertebral injections .", "overall , @ % of the patients had adequate loss of sensation within the targeted area at the side of @ injections , compared with only @ % for the single injections .", "the average vertical spread of contrast was found to be significantly greater in the set of @ injections , with mean ( sd ) @ ( @ ) dermatomes , compared with the single injection , with @ ( @ ) dermatomes ( p < @ ) .", "the average vertical spread of contrast and complete absence of sensation were significantly greater in the set of @ injections compared with the set of @ and @ injections ( p < @ ) .", "the main finding of the present study was that multiple paravertebral injections resulted in more reliable radiographic and clinical distribution compared with a single-injection technique ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the purpose of this study was to assess the radiographic and clinical distribution of @ to @ paravertebral injections by use of the same total volume of local anesthetic mixture .', 'sixty-nine patients scheduled for surgical interventions suitable for bilateral pvb were included in the study and were randomly assigned to @ of @ treatment groups .', 'group @ received @ paravertebral injections on one side versus @ injection on the contralateral side ( @ patients ) , group @ received @ injections versus @ injections ( @ patients ) , and group @ received @ injections versus @ injections ( @ patients ) .', 'sixty-one patients were included in the final analysis , which resulted in @ thoracic paravertebral injections .', 'overall , @ % of the patients had adequate loss of sensation within the targeted area at the side of @ injections , compared with only @ % for the single injections .', 'the average vertical spread of contrast was found to be significantly greater in the set of @ injections , with mean ( sd ) @ ( @ ) dermatomes , compared with the single injection , with @ ( @ ) dermatomes ( p < @ ) .', 'the average vertical spread of contrast and complete absence of sensation were significantly greater in the set of @ injections compared with the set of @ and @ injections ( p < @ ) .', 'the main finding of the present study was that multiple paravertebral injections resulted in more reliable radiographic and clinical distribution compared with a single-injection technique .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare the efficacy on acute pain treated under the different time of needle retention so as to provide the scientific evidence for the optimization of needle retention time for acupuncture analgesia .", "eighty cases of acute pain ( acute lumbar sprain , stiffness of neck ) were randomized into @ groups .", "acupuncture was applied to all the patients .", "after the arrival of needling sensation , the needles were retained for @ min , @ min , @ min and @ min in different groups separately .", "for acute lumbar sprain , ashi ( extra ) , houxi ( si @ ) and weizhong ( bl @ ) were the main points .", "for stiffness of neck , ashi ( extra ) , fengchi ( gb @ ) and lieque ( lu @ ) were the main points .", "mcgill pain scale , the internationally recognized pain description and measurement was adopted to observe the indexes and record the score changes of each item of pain symptoms before and @ months after treatment .", "the immediate analgesic efficacy under different time of needle retention and the longterm efficacy in follow-up visit @ months after treatment were compared and assessed among the groups .", "the scores of visual analogue scale ( vas ) and present pain intensity ( ppi ) after treatment were all improved significantly as compared with those before treatment in the @ groups ( all p < @ ) , and the result in the @ min group was superior to the other @ groups ( vas : @ + / -@ vs @ + / -@ , @ + / -@ , @ + / -@ ; ppi : @ + / -@ vs @ + / -@ , @ + / -@ , @ + / -@ , all p < @ ) .", "the total effective rate of the immediate analgesia was @ % ( @/@ ) in the @ min group , which was better than that in each of the other @ groups .", "the @ min of needle retention achieves the best efficacy of acupuncture analgesia in treatment of acute pain ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to compare the efficacy on acute pain treated under the different time of needle retention so as to provide the scientific evidence for the optimization of needle retention time for acupuncture analgesia .', 'eighty cases of acute pain ( acute lumbar sprain , stiffness of neck ) were randomized into @ groups .', 'acupuncture was applied to all the patients .', 'after the arrival of needling sensation , the needles were retained for @ min , @ min , @ min and @ min in different groups separately .', 'for acute lumbar sprain , ashi ( extra ) , houxi ( si @ ) and weizhong ( bl @ ) were the main points .', 'for stiffness of neck , ashi ( extra ) , fengchi ( gb @ ) and lieque ( lu @ ) were the main points .', 'mcgill pain scale , the internationally recognized pain description and measurement was adopted to observe the indexes and record the score changes of each item of pain symptoms before and @ months after treatment .', 'the immediate analgesic efficacy under different time of needle retention and the longterm efficacy in follow-up visit @ months after treatment were compared and assessed among the groups .', 'the scores of visual analogue scale ( vas ) and present pain intensity ( ppi ) after treatment were all improved significantly as compared with those before treatment in the @ groups ( all p < @ ) , and the result in the @ min group was superior to the other @ groups ( vas : @ + / -@ vs @ + / -@ , @ + / -@ , @ + / -@ ; ppi : @ + / -@ vs @ + / -@ , @ + / -@ , @ + / -@ , all p < @ ) .', 'the total effective rate of the immediate analgesia was @ % ( @/@ ) in the @ min group , which was better than that in each of the other @ groups .', 'the @ min of needle retention achieves the best efficacy of acupuncture analgesia in treatment of acute pain .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate the impact of peak flow or symptom-based self-management plans on asthma control and patients ' quality of life and to determine the main psychosocial factors that affect compliance with these plans .", "the study sample consisted of @ patients with persistent asthma outpatients .", "data collection included demographics , pulmonary functions , symptom scores , and asthma control parameters recorded over the previous @ consecutive years .", "a standard asthma self-management education program including personal action plans was given to the patients who were randomly divided into peak flow meter ( pfm ) ( n = @ ) or symptom-based ( n = @ ) action plan groups .", "patients were then assessed prospectively for various study outcomes including symptoms , drug compliance , psychiatric co-morbidities , quality of life , and asthma control over the next @ months .", "psychiatric co-morbidities were assessed using rotter 's internal and external locus of control scale ( rielcs ) , beck depression inventory ( bdi ) , structured clinical interview for dsm-iv ( scid-i ) , spielberger state-trait-anxiety inventory ( stai ) , and short form-@ ( sf-@ ) .", "of the @ patients ( @ % female ; mean age @ ) , @ % of them had moderately or severely persistent asthma .", "baseline demographics , clinical parameters , psychiatric diagnosis , and quality of life were not different between groups .", "personal asthma plans increased optimal asthma control significantly .", "emergency visits , antibiotic treatments , systemic corticosteroid treatments , and unscheduled visits were fewer than the previous year .", "control parameters were better in the pfm group .", "after the self-management education , the quality of life dimensions , i.e. , vitality , total mental and general scores of both groups increased .", "frequency of psychiatric co-morbidities decreased from @ % to @ % .", "however , state anxiety levels were increased in both groups .", "these increases were statistically significant in the pfm group .", "compliance with the action plans was better in the pfm group .", "higher bdi scores were associated with worse compliance .", "no statistically significant association was found between demographic parameters and the compliance .", "although the compliance had decreased in both groups after @ months , this decrease was greater in the symptom group .", "higher rielcs and mental health scores were associated with better compliance .", "introduction of self-management plans improved illness control and quality of life in asthma patients .", "use of the pfm and the presence of higher rielcs and lower bdi scores can be used to predict compliance with the action plans ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: [\"to evaluate the impact of peak flow or symptom-based self-management plans on asthma control and patients ' quality of life and to determine the main psychosocial factors that affect compliance with these plans .\", 'the study sample consisted of @ patients with persistent asthma outpatients .', 'data collection included demographics , pulmonary functions , symptom scores , and asthma control parameters recorded over the previous @ consecutive years .', 'a standard asthma self-management education program including personal action plans was given to the patients who were randomly divided into peak flow meter ( pfm ) ( n = @ ) or symptom-based ( n = @ ) action plan groups .', 'patients were then assessed prospectively for various study outcomes including symptoms , drug compliance , psychiatric co-morbidities , quality of life , and asthma control over the next @ months .', \"psychiatric co-morbidities were assessed using rotter 's internal and external locus of control scale ( rielcs ) , beck depression inventory ( bdi ) , structured clinical interview for dsm-iv ( scid-i ) , spielberger state-trait-anxiety inventory ( stai ) , and short form-@ ( sf-@ ) .\", 'of the @ patients ( @ % female ; mean age @ ) , @ % of them had moderately or severely persistent asthma .', 'baseline demographics , clinical parameters , psychiatric diagnosis , and quality of life were not different between groups .', 'personal asthma plans increased optimal asthma control significantly .', 'emergency visits , antibiotic treatments , systemic corticosteroid treatments , and unscheduled visits were fewer than the previous year .', 'control parameters were better in the pfm group .', 'after the self-management education , the quality of life dimensions , i.e. , vitality , total mental and general scores of both groups increased .', 'frequency of psychiatric co-morbidities decreased from @ % to @ % .', 'however , state anxiety levels were increased in both groups .', 'these increases were statistically significant in the pfm group .', 'compliance with the action plans was better in the pfm group .', 'higher bdi scores were associated with worse compliance .', 'no statistically significant association was found between demographic parameters and the compliance .', 'although the compliance had decreased in both groups after @ months , this decrease was greater in the symptom group .', 'higher rielcs and mental health scores were associated with better compliance .', 'introduction of self-management plans improved illness control and quality of life in asthma patients .', 'use of the pfm and the presence of higher rielcs and lower bdi scores can be used to predict compliance with the action plans .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "ultrasound biometry for axial length measurement may be performed either by directly putting the probe on the cornea or by using a water immersion technique .", "our goal was to examine whether there are unsystematic differences between both techniques present besides systematic differences that can be compensated by adjusting calculation formula constants .", "we examined @ patients in a prospective , randomized trial .", "there was no ocular pathology present beside cataract .", "axial lengths < @ mm and > @ mm were excluded .", "we calculated which iol power would have given the desired refractive result by using the postoperative refraction and data of the lens implanted .", "a systematic difference between both techniques is present .", "with the contact technique , axial length is measured @ mm shorter .", "this requires adjustment of formula constants .", "furthermore , there is an unsystematic difference that leads to @ % greater calculation errors ( difference between iol calculated preoperatively and ideal iol ) with the contact technique .", "mean absolute error was @ + / - @ dpt for the immersion group and @ + / - @ dpt for the contact group .", "to minimize postoperative refractive errors , ultrasound biometry using immersion technique should be preferred ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['ultrasound biometry for axial length measurement may be performed either by directly putting the probe on the cornea or by using a water immersion technique .', 'our goal was to examine whether there are unsystematic differences between both techniques present besides systematic differences that can be compensated by adjusting calculation formula constants .', 'we examined @ patients in a prospective , randomized trial .', 'there was no ocular pathology present beside cataract .', 'axial lengths < @ mm and > @ mm were excluded .', 'we calculated which iol power would have given the desired refractive result by using the postoperative refraction and data of the lens implanted .', 'a systematic difference between both techniques is present .', 'with the contact technique , axial length is measured @ mm shorter .', 'this requires adjustment of formula constants .', 'furthermore , there is an unsystematic difference that leads to @ % greater calculation errors ( difference between iol calculated preoperatively and ideal iol ) with the contact technique .', 'mean absolute error was @ + / - @ dpt for the immersion group and @ + / - @ dpt for the contact group .', 'to minimize postoperative refractive errors , ultrasound biometry using immersion technique should be preferred .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "this study compared the central nervous system ( cns ) metastasis incidence between a temozolomide - and a dacarbazine-based regimen in untreated stage iv melanoma patients .", "a total of @ patients were randomly assigned to receive either oral temozolomide ( @ mg m ( -@ ) per day ; days @-@ ) or intravenous dacarbazine ( @ mg m ( -@ ) ; day @ ) , in combination with intravenous cisplatin ( @ mg m ( -@ ) ; day @ ) and subcutaneous interleukin-@ ( @ mu twice daily ; days @-@ ) , every @ days ( cti and cdi ) .", "a total of @ patients were eligible for an intention-to-treat analysis ( cti : n = @ , cdi : n = @ ) .", "the @-year cumulative cns incidence failure was @ % for cti and @ % for cdi ( p = @ ) .", "in all @ patients in cti ( @ % ) and @ ( @ % ) in cdi developed cns metastases ; @ patients died of early systemic progression , before cns evaluation .", "median survival time was @ months in the cti and @ in the cdi arm ; in patients with cns metastases the median survival time was @ months in the cti and @ in the cdi arm .", "no difference in toxicity was observed between the two arms .", "the incidence of cns failures in metastatic melanoma was not significantly reduced and the clinical course was not modified substituting a dacarbazine-based regimen with a temozolomide-based regimen .", "patients who developed cns metastases did not have a worse prognosis than patients progressing in other sites and should not be excluded from new investigational studies ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['this study compared the central nervous system ( cns ) metastasis incidence between a temozolomide - and a dacarbazine-based regimen in untreated stage iv melanoma patients .', 'a total of @ patients were randomly assigned to receive either oral temozolomide ( @ mg m ( -@ ) per day ; days @-@ ) or intravenous dacarbazine ( @ mg m ( -@ ) ; day @ ) , in combination with intravenous cisplatin ( @ mg m ( -@ ) ; day @ ) and subcutaneous interleukin-@ ( @ mu twice daily ; days @-@ ) , every @ days ( cti and cdi ) .', 'a total of @ patients were eligible for an intention-to-treat analysis ( cti : n = @ , cdi : n = @ ) .', 'the @-year cumulative cns incidence failure was @ % for cti and @ % for cdi ( p = @ ) .', 'in all @ patients in cti ( @ % ) and @ ( @ % ) in cdi developed cns metastases ; @ patients died of early systemic progression , before cns evaluation .', 'median survival time was @ months in the cti and @ in the cdi arm ; in patients with cns metastases the median survival time was @ months in the cti and @ in the cdi arm .', 'no difference in toxicity was observed between the two arms .', 'the incidence of cns failures in metastatic melanoma was not significantly reduced and the clinical course was not modified substituting a dacarbazine-based regimen with a temozolomide-based regimen .', 'patients who developed cns metastases did not have a worse prognosis than patients progressing in other sites and should not be excluded from new investigational studies .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the present study investigated changes in cardiac energy metabolism and function in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy ( dcm ) before and after exercise training ( et ) with phosphorus-@ magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( mrs ) in combination with magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) .", "exercise training might have a beneficial role on myocardial function and oxidative metabolism in dcm , but it is unclear whether the additional load on the failing heart leads to deterioration of cardiac energy metabolism .", "twenty-four patients were randomized to an exercise ( age @ + / - @ years ) or a control ( age @ + / - @ years ) group .", "supervised et was performed for @ months , followed by @ months of self-regulated training .", "at baseline and @ and @ months , maximal exercise testing along with quantitative mrs and mri studies were performed .", "the effectiveness of et was demonstrated by a @ % increase in peak oxygen uptake ( p < @ ) .", "exercise training improved left ventricular ( lv ) end-systolic volume ( p < @ ) and lv ejection fraction ( @ + / - @ % vs. @ + / - @ % ; p < @ ) but not right ventricular parameters .", "the improvement in cardiac function was not accompanied by changes in cardiac high-energy phosphate concentrations ; phosphocreatine , adenosine triphosphate , and the phosphocreatine/adenosine triphosphate ratio were all unchanged after training .", "the observation that lv function improved and lv energy metabolism remained unchanged suggests that the beneficial effect of et on lv function is achieved without adversely affecting metabolism .", "these findings lend further support for the use of et as an adjunct therapy in dcm ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the present study investigated changes in cardiac energy metabolism and function in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy ( dcm ) before and after exercise training ( et ) with phosphorus-@ magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( mrs ) in combination with magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) .', 'exercise training might have a beneficial role on myocardial function and oxidative metabolism in dcm , but it is unclear whether the additional load on the failing heart leads to deterioration of cardiac energy metabolism .', 'twenty-four patients were randomized to an exercise ( age @ + / - @ years ) or a control ( age @ + / - @ years ) group .', 'supervised et was performed for @ months , followed by @ months of self-regulated training .', 'at baseline and @ and @ months , maximal exercise testing along with quantitative mrs and mri studies were performed .', 'the effectiveness of et was demonstrated by a @ % increase in peak oxygen uptake ( p < @ ) .', 'exercise training improved left ventricular ( lv ) end-systolic volume ( p < @ ) and lv ejection fraction ( @ + / - @ % vs. @ + / - @ % ; p < @ ) but not right ventricular parameters .', 'the improvement in cardiac function was not accompanied by changes in cardiac high-energy phosphate concentrations ; phosphocreatine , adenosine triphosphate , and the phosphocreatine/adenosine triphosphate ratio were all unchanged after training .', 'the observation that lv function improved and lv energy metabolism remained unchanged suggests that the beneficial effect of et on lv function is achieved without adversely affecting metabolism .', 'these findings lend further support for the use of et as an adjunct therapy in dcm .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "matrix metalloproteinases ( mmps ) degrade extracellular proteins and facilitate tumor growth , invasion , metastasis , and angiogenesis .", "this trial was undertaken to determine the effect of prinomastat , an inhibitor of selected mmps , on the survival of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) , when given in combination with gemcitabine-cisplatin chemotherapy .", "chemotherapy-naive patients were randomly assigned to receive prinomastat @ mg or placebo twice daily orally continuously , in combination with gemcitabine @,@ mg/m@ days @ and @ plus cisplatin @ mg/m@ day @ , every @ days for up to six cycles .", "the planned sample size was @ patients .", "study results at an interim analysis and lack of efficacy in another phase iii trial prompted early closure of this study .", "there were @ patients randomized ( @ on prinomastat and @ on placebo ) .", "one hundred thirty-four patients had stage iiib disease with t@ primary tumor , @ had stage iv disease , and @ had recurrent disease ( one enrolled patient was ineligible with stage iiia disease ) .", "overall response rates for the two treatment arms were similar ( @ % for prinomastat v @ % for placebo ; p = @ ) .", "there was no difference in overall survival or time to progression ; for prinomastat versus placebo patients , the median overall survival times were @ versus @ months ( p = @ ) , @-year survival rates were @ % v @ % ( p = @ ) , and progression-free survival times were @ v @ months ( p = @ ) , respectively .", "the toxicities of prinomastat were arthralgia , stiffness , and joint swelling .", "treatment interruption was required in @ % of prinomastat patients and @ % of placebo patients .", "prinomastat does not improve the outcome of chemotherapy in advanced nsclc ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['matrix metalloproteinases ( mmps ) degrade extracellular proteins and facilitate tumor growth , invasion , metastasis , and angiogenesis .', 'this trial was undertaken to determine the effect of prinomastat , an inhibitor of selected mmps , on the survival of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) , when given in combination with gemcitabine-cisplatin chemotherapy .', 'chemotherapy-naive patients were randomly assigned to receive prinomastat @ mg or placebo twice daily orally continuously , in combination with gemcitabine @,@ mg/m@ days @ and @ plus cisplatin @ mg/m@ day @ , every @ days for up to six cycles .', 'the planned sample size was @ patients .', 'study results at an interim analysis and lack of efficacy in another phase iii trial prompted early closure of this study .', 'there were @ patients randomized ( @ on prinomastat and @ on placebo ) .', 'one hundred thirty-four patients had stage iiib disease with t@ primary tumor , @ had stage iv disease , and @ had recurrent disease ( one enrolled patient was ineligible with stage iiia disease ) .', 'overall response rates for the two treatment arms were similar ( @ % for prinomastat v @ % for placebo ; p = @ ) .', 'there was no difference in overall survival or time to progression ; for prinomastat versus placebo patients , the median overall survival times were @ versus @ months ( p = @ ) , @-year survival rates were @ % v @ % ( p = @ ) , and progression-free survival times were @ v @ months ( p = @ ) , respectively .', 'the toxicities of prinomastat were arthralgia , stiffness , and joint swelling .', 'treatment interruption was required in @ % of prinomastat patients and @ % of placebo patients .', 'prinomastat does not improve the outcome of chemotherapy in advanced nsclc .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "this randomized clinical trial is designed to assess whether the prevention and/or correction of anemia , by immediate versus delayed treatment with erythropoietin alfa in patients with chronic kidney disease , would delay left ventricular ( lv ) growth .", "study design and sample size calculations were based on previously published canadian data .", "one hundred seventy-two patients were randomly assigned .", "the treatment group received therapy with erythropoietin alfa subcutaneously to maintain or achieve hemoglobin ( hgb ) level targets of @ to @ g/dl ( @ to @ g/l ) .", "the control/delayed treatment group had hgb levels of @ + / - @ g/dl ( @ + / - @ g/l ) before therapy was started : target level was @ to @ g/dl ( @ to @ g/l ) .", "optimal blood pressure and parathyroid hormone , calcium , and phosphate level targets were prescribed ; all patients were iron replete .", "the primary end point is lv growth at @ months .", "one hundred fifty-two patients were eligible for the intention-to-treat analysis : mean age was @ years , @ % were women , @ % had diabetes , and median glomerular filtration rate was @ ml/min ( @ ml/s ; range , @ to @ ml/min [ @ to @ ml/s ] ) .", "blood pressure and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker use were similar in the control/delayed treatment and treatment groups at baseline .", "erythropoietin therapy was administered to @ of @ patients in the treatment group , with a median final dose of @,@ iu/wk .", "sixteen patients in the control/delayed treatment group were administered erythropoietin at a median final dose of @,@ iu/wk .", "there was no statistically significant difference between groups for the primary outcome of mean change in lv mass index ( lvmi ) from baseline to @ months , which was @ + / - @ g/m@ in the control/delayed treatment group versus @ + / - @ g/m@ in the treatment group .", "absolute mean difference between groups was @ g/m@ ( @ % confidence interval , -@ to @ ; p = @ ) .", "mean hgb level was greater in the treatment group throughout the study and at study end was @ g/dl ( @ g/l in treatment group versus @ g/dl [ @ g/l ] in control/delayed treatment group ; p = @ ) .", "lv growth occurred in @ % in the treatment group versus @ % in the control/delayed treatment group ( p = @ ) .", "in patients with a stable hgb level , mean lvmi did not change ( -@ + / - @ g/m@ ) , but it increased in those with decreasing hgb levels ( @ + / - @ g/m@ ; p = @ ) .", "this trial describes disparity between observational and randomized controlled trial data : observed and randomly assigned hgb level and lvmi are not linked ; thus , there is strong evidence that the association between hgb level and lvmi likely is not causal .", "large randomized controlled trials with unselected patients , using morbidity and mortality as outcomes , are needed ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['this randomized clinical trial is designed to assess whether the prevention and/or correction of anemia , by immediate versus delayed treatment with erythropoietin alfa in patients with chronic kidney disease , would delay left ventricular ( lv ) growth .', 'study design and sample size calculations were based on previously published canadian data .', 'one hundred seventy-two patients were randomly assigned .', 'the treatment group received therapy with erythropoietin alfa subcutaneously to maintain or achieve hemoglobin ( hgb ) level targets of @ to @ g/dl ( @ to @ g/l ) .', 'the control/delayed treatment group had hgb levels of @ + / - @ g/dl ( @ + / - @ g/l ) before therapy was started : target level was @ to @ g/dl ( @ to @ g/l ) .', 'optimal blood pressure and parathyroid hormone , calcium , and phosphate level targets were prescribed ; all patients were iron replete .', 'the primary end point is lv growth at @ months .', 'one hundred fifty-two patients were eligible for the intention-to-treat analysis : mean age was @ years , @ % were women , @ % had diabetes , and median glomerular filtration rate was @ ml/min ( @ ml/s ; range , @ to @ ml/min [ @ to @ ml/s ] ) .', 'blood pressure and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker use were similar in the control/delayed treatment and treatment groups at baseline .', 'erythropoietin therapy was administered to @ of @ patients in the treatment group , with a median final dose of @,@ iu/wk .', 'sixteen patients in the control/delayed treatment group were administered erythropoietin at a median final dose of @,@ iu/wk .', 'there was no statistically significant difference between groups for the primary outcome of mean change in lv mass index ( lvmi ) from baseline to @ months , which was @ + / - @ g/m@ in the control/delayed treatment group versus @ + / - @ g/m@ in the treatment group .', 'absolute mean difference between groups was @ g/m@ ( @ % confidence interval , -@ to @ ; p = @ ) .', 'mean hgb level was greater in the treatment group throughout the study and at study end was @ g/dl ( @ g/l in treatment group versus @ g/dl [ @ g/l ] in control/delayed treatment group ; p = @ ) .', 'lv growth occurred in @ % in the treatment group versus @ % in the control/delayed treatment group ( p = @ ) .', 'in patients with a stable hgb level , mean lvmi did not change ( -@ + / - @ g/m@ ) , but it increased in those with decreasing hgb levels ( @ + / - @ g/m@ ; p = @ ) .', 'this trial describes disparity between observational and randomized controlled trial data : observed and randomly assigned hgb level and lvmi are not linked ; thus , there is strong evidence that the association between hgb level and lvmi likely is not causal .', 'large randomized controlled trials with unselected patients , using morbidity and mortality as outcomes , are needed .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the gynecologic oncology group ( gog ) compared methotrexate , vinblastine , doxorubicin , and cisplatin ( mvac ) with topotecan and cisplatin ( tc ) or cisplatin alone ( c ) in advanced cervical cancer .", "the primary endpoint was overall survival ( os ) , with response rate , progression-free survival ( pfs ) , and quality of life ( qol ) as secondary objectives .", "eligible patients were randomly allocated to receive either cisplatin @ mg/m@ q @ weeks ( c ) or cisplatin @ mg/m@ day @ and topotecan @ mg/m@ days @-@ q @ weeks ( tc ) or methotrexate @ mg/m@ days @ , @ , and @ , vinblastine @ mg/m@ days @ , @ , and @ , doxorubicin @ mg/m@ day @ , and cisplatin @ mg/m@ day @ q @ weeks ( mvac ) .", "qol was assessed at four time points using the functional assessment of cancer therapy-cervix ( fact-cx ) , neurotoxicity subscale ( fact/gog-ntx subscale ) , and brief pain inventory ( bpi ) .", "one hundred eighty-six patients ( c = @ ; tc = @ ; mvac = @ ) were enrolled before mvac was closed by the gog data safety monitoring board after four treatment-related deaths occurred on that arm .", "mvac produced a @ % overall response rate ( @ % ci : @ to @ ) and median pfs and os of @ months and @ months , respectively .", "compared with c and tc , there was more hematologic toxicity with mvac .", "there were no appreciable differences in qol scores after controlling for baseline scores .", "mvac 's clinical activity tended to be similar to that of tc but with an unacceptable risk of death from sepsis at this dose and schedule .", "nevertheless , qol , as measured by these instruments , was not substantially impaired by this regimen ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the gynecologic oncology group ( gog ) compared methotrexate , vinblastine , doxorubicin , and cisplatin ( mvac ) with topotecan and cisplatin ( tc ) or cisplatin alone ( c ) in advanced cervical cancer .', 'the primary endpoint was overall survival ( os ) , with response rate , progression-free survival ( pfs ) , and quality of life ( qol ) as secondary objectives .', 'eligible patients were randomly allocated to receive either cisplatin @ mg/m@ q @ weeks ( c ) or cisplatin @ mg/m@ day @ and topotecan @ mg/m@ days @-@ q @ weeks ( tc ) or methotrexate @ mg/m@ days @ , @ , and @ , vinblastine @ mg/m@ days @ , @ , and @ , doxorubicin @ mg/m@ day @ , and cisplatin @ mg/m@ day @ q @ weeks ( mvac ) .', 'qol was assessed at four time points using the functional assessment of cancer therapy-cervix ( fact-cx ) , neurotoxicity subscale ( fact/gog-ntx subscale ) , and brief pain inventory ( bpi ) .', 'one hundred eighty-six patients ( c = @ ; tc = @ ; mvac = @ ) were enrolled before mvac was closed by the gog data safety monitoring board after four treatment-related deaths occurred on that arm .', 'mvac produced a @ % overall response rate ( @ % ci : @ to @ ) and median pfs and os of @ months and @ months , respectively .', 'compared with c and tc , there was more hematologic toxicity with mvac .', 'there were no appreciable differences in qol scores after controlling for baseline scores .', \"mvac 's clinical activity tended to be similar to that of tc but with an unacceptable risk of death from sepsis at this dose and schedule .\", 'nevertheless , qol , as measured by these instruments , was not substantially impaired by this regimen .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the aim of this clinical trial was to determine the potential analgesic effect of preoperative paravertebral blockade in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy .", "sixty patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomized to one of two groups with @ patients each : bilateral nerve stimulator guided paravertebral blockade at the t@ to t@ level either prior to induction of general anesthesia ( group @ ) or blockade immediately postoperatively ( group @ ) .", "the preoperative paravertebral block group had significantly lower visual analog scale scores compared with the postoperative paravertebral block group both at rest @ hours postoperatively ( @ vs. @ ; p < @ ) , on movement @ hours postoperatively ( @ vs. @ ; p < @ ) and on coughing @ hours postoperatively ( @ vs. @ ; p < @ ) .", "the consumption of analgesics as well as the duration of hospital stay was significantly reduced in patients receiving preoperative paravertebral blocks ( p < @ ) .", "[ correction added after online publication @th may @ : visual analog scores were amended ]", "bilateral paravertebral blockade performed prior to general anesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy can provide early discharge and better postoperative pain management ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the aim of this clinical trial was to determine the potential analgesic effect of preoperative paravertebral blockade in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy .', 'sixty patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomized to one of two groups with @ patients each : bilateral nerve stimulator guided paravertebral blockade at the t@ to t@ level either prior to induction of general anesthesia ( group @ ) or blockade immediately postoperatively ( group @ ) .', 'the preoperative paravertebral block group had significantly lower visual analog scale scores compared with the postoperative paravertebral block group both at rest @ hours postoperatively ( @ vs. @ ; p < @ ) , on movement @ hours postoperatively ( @ vs. @ ; p < @ ) and on coughing @ hours postoperatively ( @ vs. @ ; p < @ ) .', 'the consumption of analgesics as well as the duration of hospital stay was significantly reduced in patients receiving preoperative paravertebral blocks ( p < @ ) .', '[ correction added after online publication @th may @ : visual analog scores were amended ]', 'bilateral paravertebral blockade performed prior to general anesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy can provide early discharge and better postoperative pain management .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "microalbuminuria can reflect the progress of microvascular complications and may be predictive of macrovascular disease in type @ diabetes .", "the effect of intensive glycemic control on microalbuminuria in patients in the u.s. who have had type @ diabetes for several years has not previously been evaluated .", "we randomly assigned @ male patients to either intensive treatment ( int ) ( goal hba ( @c ) @ % ) or to standard treatment ( st ) ( goal hba ( @c ) @ % ; p = @ ) , and data were obtained during a @-year period .", "mean duration of known diabetes was @ years , mean age of the patients was @ years , and patients were well matched at baseline .", "we obtained @-h urine samples for each patient at baseline and annually and defined microalbuminuria as an albumin : creatinine ratio of @-@ @ .", "all patients were treated with insulin and received instructions regarding diet and exercise .", "hypertension and dyslipidemia were treated with similar goals in each group .", "a total of @ % of patients had microalbuminuria at entry and were evenly assigned to both treatment groups .", "int retarded the progression of microalbuminuria during the @-year period : the changes in albumin : creatinine ratio from baseline to @ years of int versus st were @ vs. @ , respectively ( p = @ ) .", "retardation of progressive urinary albumin excretion was most pronounced in those patients who entered the study with microalbuminuria and were randomized to int .", "patients entering with microalbuminuria had a deterioration in creatinine clearance at @ years regardless of the intensity of glycemic control .", "in the group entering without microalbuminuria , the subgroup receiving st had a lower percentage of patients with a macrovascular event ( @ % ) than the subgroup receiving int ( @ % ) ( p = @ ) .", "use of ace inhibitors or calcium-channel blockers was similarly distributed among the groups .", "intensive glycemic control retards microalbuminuria in patients who have had type @ diabetes for several years but may not lessen the progressive deterioration of glomerular function .", "increases in macrovascular event rates in the subgroup entering without albuminuria who received int remain unexplained but could reflect early worsening , as observed with microvascular disease in the diabetes control and complications trial ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['microalbuminuria can reflect the progress of microvascular complications and may be predictive of macrovascular disease in type @ diabetes .', 'the effect of intensive glycemic control on microalbuminuria in patients in the u.s. who have had type @ diabetes for several years has not previously been evaluated .', 'we randomly assigned @ male patients to either intensive treatment ( int ) ( goal hba ( @c ) @ % ) or to standard treatment ( st ) ( goal hba ( @c ) @ % ; p = @ ) , and data were obtained during a @-year period .', 'mean duration of known diabetes was @ years , mean age of the patients was @ years , and patients were well matched at baseline .', 'we obtained @-h urine samples for each patient at baseline and annually and defined microalbuminuria as an albumin : creatinine ratio of @-@ @ .', 'all patients were treated with insulin and received instructions regarding diet and exercise .', 'hypertension and dyslipidemia were treated with similar goals in each group .', 'a total of @ % of patients had microalbuminuria at entry and were evenly assigned to both treatment groups .', 'int retarded the progression of microalbuminuria during the @-year period : the changes in albumin : creatinine ratio from baseline to @ years of int versus st were @ vs. @ , respectively ( p = @ ) .', 'retardation of progressive urinary albumin excretion was most pronounced in those patients who entered the study with microalbuminuria and were randomized to int .', 'patients entering with microalbuminuria had a deterioration in creatinine clearance at @ years regardless of the intensity of glycemic control .', 'in the group entering without microalbuminuria , the subgroup receiving st had a lower percentage of patients with a macrovascular event ( @ % ) than the subgroup receiving int ( @ % ) ( p = @ ) .', 'use of ace inhibitors or calcium-channel blockers was similarly distributed among the groups .', 'intensive glycemic control retards microalbuminuria in patients who have had type @ diabetes for several years but may not lessen the progressive deterioration of glomerular function .', 'increases in macrovascular event rates in the subgroup entering without albuminuria who received int remain unexplained but could reflect early worsening , as observed with microvascular disease in the diabetes control and complications trial .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "cheyne-stokes respiration ( csr-csa ) is often observed in patients with chronic heart failure ( chf ) .", "although cardiac resynchronization therapy ( crt ) is effective for chf patients with left ventricular dyssynchrony , it is still unclear whether adaptive servo ventilation ( asv ) improves cardiac function and prognosis of chf patients with csr-csa after crt .", "twenty two patients with chf and csr-csa after crt defibrillator ( crtd ) implantation were enrolled in the present study and randomly assigned into two groups : @ patients treated with asv ( asv group ) and @ patients treated without asv ( non-asv group ) .", "measurement of plasma b-type natriuretic peptide ( bnp ) levels ( before @ , and @ months later ) and echocardiography ( before and @ months ) were performed in each group .", "patients were followed up to register cardiac events ( cardiac death and re-hospitalization ) after discharge .", "in the asv group , indices for apnea-hypopnea , central apnea , and oxyhemoglobin saturation were improved on asv .", "bnp levels , cardiac systolic and diastolic function were improved with asv treatment for @ months .", "importantly , the event-free rate was significantly higher in the asv group than in the non-asv group .", "asv improves csr-csa , cardiac function , and prognosis in chf patients with crtd .", "patients with csr-csa and post crtd implantation would get benefits by treatment with asv ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['cheyne-stokes respiration ( csr-csa ) is often observed in patients with chronic heart failure ( chf ) .', 'although cardiac resynchronization therapy ( crt ) is effective for chf patients with left ventricular dyssynchrony , it is still unclear whether adaptive servo ventilation ( asv ) improves cardiac function and prognosis of chf patients with csr-csa after crt .', 'twenty two patients with chf and csr-csa after crt defibrillator ( crtd ) implantation were enrolled in the present study and randomly assigned into two groups : @ patients treated with asv ( asv group ) and @ patients treated without asv ( non-asv group ) .', 'measurement of plasma b-type natriuretic peptide ( bnp ) levels ( before @ , and @ months later ) and echocardiography ( before and @ months ) were performed in each group .', 'patients were followed up to register cardiac events ( cardiac death and re-hospitalization ) after discharge .', 'in the asv group , indices for apnea-hypopnea , central apnea , and oxyhemoglobin saturation were improved on asv .', 'bnp levels , cardiac systolic and diastolic function were improved with asv treatment for @ months .', 'importantly , the event-free rate was significantly higher in the asv group than in the non-asv group .', 'asv improves csr-csa , cardiac function , and prognosis in chf patients with crtd .', 'patients with csr-csa and post crtd implantation would get benefits by treatment with asv .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to explore prognostic factors for the effects of two interventions ( myofeedback training in combination with ergonomic counselling ( mfb/ec ) and ergonomic counselling alone ( ec ) ) on discomfort and disability in work-related neck-shoulder complaints .", "thirty-six females completed the interventions .", "discomfort and disability were assessed at baseline , immediately after the intervention , and at @-month follow-up .", "potential sociodemographic and psychological prognostic factors were assessed using questionnaires .", "data were analysed using multiple regression and general linear modelling .", "changes in discomfort were best predicted by baseline discomfort levels .", "changes in disability were predicted by baseline disability levels , patient profile , and coping strategy ` ignoring sensations ' .", "a significant difference between the mfb/ec and ec group was found for coping strategy ` ignoring sensations ' , which appeared to be a predictor for changes in disability at @-month follow-up in the mfb/ec group only .", "subjects with high levels of initial discomfort and disability and specific psychological patient profiles benefit most from interventions .", "myofeedback training contributes a specific quality to those who ignore pain sensations ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to explore prognostic factors for the effects of two interventions ( myofeedback training in combination with ergonomic counselling ( mfb/ec ) and ergonomic counselling alone ( ec ) ) on discomfort and disability in work-related neck-shoulder complaints .', 'thirty-six females completed the interventions .', 'discomfort and disability were assessed at baseline , immediately after the intervention , and at @-month follow-up .', 'potential sociodemographic and psychological prognostic factors were assessed using questionnaires .', 'data were analysed using multiple regression and general linear modelling .', 'changes in discomfort were best predicted by baseline discomfort levels .', \"changes in disability were predicted by baseline disability levels , patient profile , and coping strategy ` ignoring sensations ' .\", \"a significant difference between the mfb/ec and ec group was found for coping strategy ` ignoring sensations ' , which appeared to be a predictor for changes in disability at @-month follow-up in the mfb/ec group only .\", 'subjects with high levels of initial discomfort and disability and specific psychological patient profiles benefit most from interventions .', 'myofeedback training contributes a specific quality to those who ignore pain sensations .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "fibrocaps , a ready-to-use , dry-powder fibrin sealant containing human plasma-derived thrombin and fibrinogen , is being developed as an adjunct for surgical hemostasis .", "safety and efficacy of fibrocaps applied directly or by spray device , in combination with gelatin sponge , was compared with that of gelatin sponge-alone in two randomized , single-blind controlled trials : fc-@ us ( united states ) and fc-@ nl ( the netherlands ) .", "a total of @ adult patients were randomized ( fibrocaps : n = @ [ fc-@ us ] , n = @ [ fc-@ nl ] ; gelatin sponge alone : n = @ [ fc-@ us ] , n = @ [ fc-@ nl ) .", "one bleeding site was treated during a surgical procedure ( n = @ ) .", "time to hemostasis ( primary end point ) was measured , with a @-d safety follow-up .", "four surgical indications included hepatic resection ( n = @ ) , spinal procedures ( n = @ ) , peripheral vascular procedures ( n = @ ) , and soft tissue dissection ( n = @ ) .", "mean ( standard deviation ) time to hemostasis was significantly shorter after fibrocaps treatment than after gelatin sponge alone ( fc-@ us : @ [ @ ] versus @ min [ @ ] , p < @ ; fc-@ nl : @ [ @ ] versus @ min [ @ ] , p = @ ) .", "the incidence of hemostasis was greater after fibrocaps compared with that of gelatin sponge alone within @min ( fc-@ us : @ % versus @ % , p < @ ; fc-@ nl : @ % versus @ % , p = @ ) , @min ( @ % versus @ % , p = @ ; @ % versus @ % , p = @ ) , and @min ( @ % versus @ % , p = @ ; @ % versus @ % , p = @ ) .", "adverse events were consistent with surgical procedures performed and patients ' underlying diseases and generally similar between treatment arms ; most were mild or moderate in severity .", "non-neutralizing antithrombin antibodies were detected in @ % of fibrocaps-treated patients on day@ .", "fibrocaps had good safety and efficacy profiles , supporting continuing clinical development as a novel fibrin sealant ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['fibrocaps , a ready-to-use , dry-powder fibrin sealant containing human plasma-derived thrombin and fibrinogen , is being developed as an adjunct for surgical hemostasis .', 'safety and efficacy of fibrocaps applied directly or by spray device , in combination with gelatin sponge , was compared with that of gelatin sponge-alone in two randomized , single-blind controlled trials : fc-@ us ( united states ) and fc-@ nl ( the netherlands ) .', 'a total of @ adult patients were randomized ( fibrocaps : n = @ [ fc-@ us ] , n = @ [ fc-@ nl ] ; gelatin sponge alone : n = @ [ fc-@ us ] , n = @ [ fc-@ nl ) .', 'one bleeding site was treated during a surgical procedure ( n = @ ) .', 'time to hemostasis ( primary end point ) was measured , with a @-d safety follow-up .', 'four surgical indications included hepatic resection ( n = @ ) , spinal procedures ( n = @ ) , peripheral vascular procedures ( n = @ ) , and soft tissue dissection ( n = @ ) .', 'mean ( standard deviation ) time to hemostasis was significantly shorter after fibrocaps treatment than after gelatin sponge alone ( fc-@ us : @ [ @ ] versus @ min [ @ ] , p < @ ; fc-@ nl : @ [ @ ] versus @ min [ @ ] , p = @ ) .', 'the incidence of hemostasis was greater after fibrocaps compared with that of gelatin sponge alone within @min ( fc-@ us : @ % versus @ % , p < @ ; fc-@ nl : @ % versus @ % , p = @ ) , @min ( @ % versus @ % , p = @ ; @ % versus @ % , p = @ ) , and @min ( @ % versus @ % , p = @ ; @ % versus @ % , p = @ ) .', \"adverse events were consistent with surgical procedures performed and patients ' underlying diseases and generally similar between treatment arms ; most were mild or moderate in severity .\", 'non-neutralizing antithrombin antibodies were detected in @ % of fibrocaps-treated patients on day@ .', 'fibrocaps had good safety and efficacy profiles , supporting continuing clinical development as a novel fibrin sealant .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "this randomized study 's aim was to compare the effect of four oral contraceptives ( ocs ) containing @ mcg of ethinylestradiol ( ee ) and different progestogens [ drospirenone , ( drsp ) , chlormadinone acetate ( cma ) , desogestrel ( dsg ) , gestodene ( gsd ) ] on biochemical and hormonal parameters of hyperandrogenism and sex hormone-binding globulin ( shbg ) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome ( pcos ) .", "forty women with pcos ( age @-@ years ) were recruited and randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups of @ women each , treated , respectively , with @ mg drsp/@ mcg ee ( yasmin , bayer shering ) , @ mg cma/@ mcg ee ( belara , grunenthal ) , @ mcg gsd/@ mcg ee ( minulet , wyeth lederle ) and @ mcg dsg/@ mcg ee ( practil @ , organon italia ) .", "blood samples were obtained on day @-@ of the control cycle and day @-@ of the third treatment cycle for assay of the following hormones : androsteredione ( a ) , total testosterone ( t ) , free t , shbg , dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate ( dheas ) .", "in all groups , mean concentrations of free t , total t and a dropped by @-@ % , and concentrations of dheas dropped by @-@ % .", "formulations with drsp and cma caused a greater reduction of androgens and a progressive increase in serum concentrations of shbg than those with dsg and gsd .", "clinical studies need to be performed to determine effects of these ocs upon clinical signs of hyperandrogenism ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: [\"this randomized study 's aim was to compare the effect of four oral contraceptives ( ocs ) containing @ mcg of ethinylestradiol ( ee ) and different progestogens [ drospirenone , ( drsp ) , chlormadinone acetate ( cma ) , desogestrel ( dsg ) , gestodene ( gsd ) ] on biochemical and hormonal parameters of hyperandrogenism and sex hormone-binding globulin ( shbg ) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome ( pcos ) .\", 'forty women with pcos ( age @-@ years ) were recruited and randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups of @ women each , treated , respectively , with @ mg drsp/@ mcg ee ( yasmin , bayer shering ) , @ mg cma/@ mcg ee ( belara , grunenthal ) , @ mcg gsd/@ mcg ee ( minulet , wyeth lederle ) and @ mcg dsg/@ mcg ee ( practil @ , organon italia ) .', 'blood samples were obtained on day @-@ of the control cycle and day @-@ of the third treatment cycle for assay of the following hormones : androsteredione ( a ) , total testosterone ( t ) , free t , shbg , dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate ( dheas ) .', 'in all groups , mean concentrations of free t , total t and a dropped by @-@ % , and concentrations of dheas dropped by @-@ % .', 'formulations with drsp and cma caused a greater reduction of androgens and a progressive increase in serum concentrations of shbg than those with dsg and gsd .', 'clinical studies need to be performed to determine effects of these ocs upon clinical signs of hyperandrogenism .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "studies have shown that cigarette smokers constitute a substantial proportion of patients with acute coronary syndromes ( acs ) and have platelet-rich coronary thrombi .", "we characterized the influence of smoking status on outcome of patients with acs without persistent st-segment elevation and tested the hypothesis that selective inhibition of the platelet glycoprotein iib/iiia receptor with eptifibatide would improve outcomes among cigarette smokers .", "the study population included patients enrolled in the pursuit trial ( platelet glycoprotein iib/iiia in unstable angina : receptor suppression using integrilin therapy ) with known smoking status presenting with ischemic chest pain < / = @ hours and having either ischemic electrocardiographic changes without persistent st-segment elevation or elevated creatine kinase mb levels .", "patients were randomly assigned to receive a bolus and infusion of either eptifibatide or placebo in addition to standard therapy .", "the primary end point was a composite of death or nonfatal myocardial infarction within @ days .", "of the @ patients with known smoking status , @ were current smokers , @ were former smokers , and @ were nonsmokers .", "cigarette smokers had better @-day outcomes ( @ % , @ % , and @ % for smokers , former smokers , and nonsmokers , respectively ; p = @ ) .", "however , after adjusting for differences in baseline clinical variables , smoking status was not a predictor of @-day outcome ( p = @ ) .", "there was a reduction in the composite end point overall with eptifibatide compared with placebo ( @ % vs @ % , p = @ ) but no interaction between smoking status and treatment strategy ( p = @ ) .", "among patients with acs without persistent st-segment elevation , cigarette smokers had better short-term outcomes because of their more favorable clinical profile .", "although prior studies have suggested that smokers more commonly have platelet-rich thrombi than nonsmokers , eptifibatide did not result in more improvement in their outcome compared with former smokers or nonsmokers ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['studies have shown that cigarette smokers constitute a substantial proportion of patients with acute coronary syndromes ( acs ) and have platelet-rich coronary thrombi .', 'we characterized the influence of smoking status on outcome of patients with acs without persistent st-segment elevation and tested the hypothesis that selective inhibition of the platelet glycoprotein iib/iiia receptor with eptifibatide would improve outcomes among cigarette smokers .', 'the study population included patients enrolled in the pursuit trial ( platelet glycoprotein iib/iiia in unstable angina : receptor suppression using integrilin therapy ) with known smoking status presenting with ischemic chest pain < / = @ hours and having either ischemic electrocardiographic changes without persistent st-segment elevation or elevated creatine kinase mb levels .', 'patients were randomly assigned to receive a bolus and infusion of either eptifibatide or placebo in addition to standard therapy .', 'the primary end point was a composite of death or nonfatal myocardial infarction within @ days .', 'of the @ patients with known smoking status , @ were current smokers , @ were former smokers , and @ were nonsmokers .', 'cigarette smokers had better @-day outcomes ( @ % , @ % , and @ % for smokers , former smokers , and nonsmokers , respectively ; p = @ ) .', 'however , after adjusting for differences in baseline clinical variables , smoking status was not a predictor of @-day outcome ( p = @ ) .', 'there was a reduction in the composite end point overall with eptifibatide compared with placebo ( @ % vs @ % , p = @ ) but no interaction between smoking status and treatment strategy ( p = @ ) .', 'among patients with acs without persistent st-segment elevation , cigarette smokers had better short-term outcomes because of their more favorable clinical profile .', 'although prior studies have suggested that smokers more commonly have platelet-rich thrombi than nonsmokers , eptifibatide did not result in more improvement in their outcome compared with former smokers or nonsmokers .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "we aimed to compare efficacy of intravaginal misoprostol versus endocervical laminaria tents prior to operative hysteroscopy in selected cases .", "a total of @ patients with diagnosed intrauterine lesions scheduled for operative hysteroscopy were randomly allocated to two groups according to method of cervical priming prior to the procedure .", "misoprostol @ microg was inserted into the posterior fornix of the vagina for patients in group a ( n = @ ) , while laminaria tents were inserted intracervically in group b patients ( n = @ ) .", "both methods were effective for cervical dilatation with a mean cervical diameter of @ + / -@ and @ + / -@ mm respectively .", "there was no significant difference in the mean cervical diameter or the time required for cervical dilatation ( @ versus @ s respectively ) .", "in contrast , there was a significant difference between the groups with respect to the insertion difficulty and in doctors ' and patients ' assessments of the procedure .", "both misoprostol and laminaria were equally effective in inducing proper cervical priming prior to operative hysteroscopy with minimal time of cervical dilatation .", "nevertheless , misoprostol may be superior due to easy application , reduced cost , and patient convenience and acceptability ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['we aimed to compare efficacy of intravaginal misoprostol versus endocervical laminaria tents prior to operative hysteroscopy in selected cases .', 'a total of @ patients with diagnosed intrauterine lesions scheduled for operative hysteroscopy were randomly allocated to two groups according to method of cervical priming prior to the procedure .', 'misoprostol @ microg was inserted into the posterior fornix of the vagina for patients in group a ( n = @ ) , while laminaria tents were inserted intracervically in group b patients ( n = @ ) .', 'both methods were effective for cervical dilatation with a mean cervical diameter of @ + / -@ and @ + / -@ mm respectively .', 'there was no significant difference in the mean cervical diameter or the time required for cervical dilatation ( @ versus @ s respectively ) .', \"in contrast , there was a significant difference between the groups with respect to the insertion difficulty and in doctors ' and patients ' assessments of the procedure .\", 'both misoprostol and laminaria were equally effective in inducing proper cervical priming prior to operative hysteroscopy with minimal time of cervical dilatation .', 'nevertheless , misoprostol may be superior due to easy application , reduced cost , and patient convenience and acceptability .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "this study aimed to examine the effects of a multidisciplinary treatment program on health-related quality of life of iranian patients living with chronic low back , at @months follow-up .", "this study is an extended follow-up of an original randomized , controlled trial with registration number nct@ .", "in the present study @ patients in an intervention group and @ patients in a control group were assessed at @months follow-up .", "the intervention was a group-based multidisciplinary rehabilitation program which continued by monthly motivational consultation by telephone from @ to @months after intervention .", "data from three standard measures , short form @ ( sf-@ ) , qds and rdq were collected at @ , @ and @months follow-up and analyzed through repeated measures analysis of variance .", "despite the similarity between the two groups who completed the @month follow-up in terms of all baseline variables , there were significant differences between the two groups in all domains of the sf-@ scale , as well as qds and rdq scales ( p < @ ) .", "also , there were differences within each group over time in the sf-@ domains and disability measurements ( p < @ ) .", "the physical function mean score differed significantly when the interaction between groups and time points was examined ( p = @ ) .", "this study indicates that the multidisciplinary program could improve the domains of health related quality of life and disability in chronic low back pain patients up to @months ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['this study aimed to examine the effects of a multidisciplinary treatment program on health-related quality of life of iranian patients living with chronic low back , at @months follow-up .', 'this study is an extended follow-up of an original randomized , controlled trial with registration number nct@ .', 'in the present study @ patients in an intervention group and @ patients in a control group were assessed at @months follow-up .', 'the intervention was a group-based multidisciplinary rehabilitation program which continued by monthly motivational consultation by telephone from @ to @months after intervention .', 'data from three standard measures , short form @ ( sf-@ ) , qds and rdq were collected at @ , @ and @months follow-up and analyzed through repeated measures analysis of variance .', 'despite the similarity between the two groups who completed the @month follow-up in terms of all baseline variables , there were significant differences between the two groups in all domains of the sf-@ scale , as well as qds and rdq scales ( p < @ ) .', 'also , there were differences within each group over time in the sf-@ domains and disability measurements ( p < @ ) .', 'the physical function mean score differed significantly when the interaction between groups and time points was examined ( p = @ ) .', 'this study indicates that the multidisciplinary program could improve the domains of health related quality of life and disability in chronic low back pain patients up to @months .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy ( dapt ) following second-generation drug-eluting stent ( des ) implantation is still debated .", "the aim of this study was to test the noninferiority of @ versus @ months of dapt in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with second-generation des .", "the security ( second generation drug-eluting stent implantation followed by six - versus twelve-month dual antiplatelet therapy ) trial was a @:@ randomized , multicenter , international , investigator-driven , noninferiority study conducted from july @ to june @ .", "patients with a stable or unstable angina diagnosis or documented silent ischemia undergoing revascularization with at least @ second-generation des were eligible .", "the primary endpoint was a composite of cardiac death , myocardial infarction ( mi ) , stroke , definite or probable stent thrombosis , or bleeding academic research consortium ( barc ) type @ or @ bleeding at @ months .", "the main secondary endpoint was a composite of cardiac death , mi , stroke , definite or probable stent thrombosis , or barc type @ , @ , or @ bleeding at @ and @ months .", "overall , @,@ patients were enrolled in the study and randomized to receive @ months ( n = @ ) versus @months ( n = @ ) dapt .", "the primary composite endpoint occurred , respectively , in @ % versus @ % ( risk difference @ % ; @ % confidence interval [ ci ] : -@ % to @ % ; p = @ ) at @ months .", "the upper @ % ci limit was lower than the pre-set margin of @ % , confirming the noninferiority hypothesis ( p < @ ) .", "moreover , no differences were observed in the occurrence of the secondary endpoint at @ months ( @ % vs. @ % , difference : @ % ; @ % ci : -@ to @ ; p = @ ) and between @ and @ months ( @ % vs. @ % , difference : -@ % ; @ % ci : -@ to @ ; p = @ ) .", "finally , no differences were observed in definite or probable stent thrombosis at @ months ( @ % vs. @ % ; difference : -@ % ; @ % ci : -@ to @ ; p = @ ) and between @ and @ months of follow-up ( @ % vs. @ % ; difference : @ % ; @ % ci : -@ to @ ; p = @ ) .", "in a low-risk population , the noninferiority hypothesis of @ vs. @ months dapt following second-generation des implantation appears accepted for the incidence of cardiac death , mi , stroke , definite/probable stentthrombosis , and barc type @ or @ bleeding at @ months .", "( second generation drug-eluting stent implantation followed by six - versus twelve-month dual antiplatelet therapy ; nct@ ) ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy ( dapt ) following second-generation drug-eluting stent ( des ) implantation is still debated .', 'the aim of this study was to test the noninferiority of @ versus @ months of dapt in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with second-generation des .', 'the security ( second generation drug-eluting stent implantation followed by six - versus twelve-month dual antiplatelet therapy ) trial was a @:@ randomized , multicenter , international , investigator-driven , noninferiority study conducted from july @ to june @ .', 'patients with a stable or unstable angina diagnosis or documented silent ischemia undergoing revascularization with at least @ second-generation des were eligible .', 'the primary endpoint was a composite of cardiac death , myocardial infarction ( mi ) , stroke , definite or probable stent thrombosis , or bleeding academic research consortium ( barc ) type @ or @ bleeding at @ months .', 'the main secondary endpoint was a composite of cardiac death , mi , stroke , definite or probable stent thrombosis , or barc type @ , @ , or @ bleeding at @ and @ months .', 'overall , @,@ patients were enrolled in the study and randomized to receive @ months ( n = @ ) versus @months ( n = @ ) dapt .', 'the primary composite endpoint occurred , respectively , in @ % versus @ % ( risk difference @ % ; @ % confidence interval [ ci ] : -@ % to @ % ; p = @ ) at @ months .', 'the upper @ % ci limit was lower than the pre-set margin of @ % , confirming the noninferiority hypothesis ( p < @ ) .', 'moreover , no differences were observed in the occurrence of the secondary endpoint at @ months ( @ % vs. @ % , difference : @ % ; @ % ci : -@ to @ ; p = @ ) and between @ and @ months ( @ % vs. @ % , difference : -@ % ; @ % ci : -@ to @ ; p = @ ) .', 'finally , no differences were observed in definite or probable stent thrombosis at @ months ( @ % vs. @ % ; difference : -@ % ; @ % ci : -@ to @ ; p = @ ) and between @ and @ months of follow-up ( @ % vs. @ % ; difference : @ % ; @ % ci : -@ to @ ; p = @ ) .', 'in a low-risk population , the noninferiority hypothesis of @ vs. @ months dapt following second-generation des implantation appears accepted for the incidence of cardiac death , mi , stroke , definite/probable stentthrombosis , and barc type @ or @ bleeding at @ months .', '( second generation drug-eluting stent implantation followed by six - versus twelve-month dual antiplatelet therapy ; nct@ ) .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to use electroacupuncture ( ea ) of different waveforms to treat peripheral facial paralysis and assess the clinical efficacies of @ kinds of ea waveforms ( continuous wave , disperse-dense wave and intermittent wave ) .", "one hundred and twenty-nine cases of bell 's palsy were randomly divided into a continuous wave group ( @ cases ) , a disperse-dense wave group ( @ cases ) and an intermittent wave group ( @ cases ) .", "the acupoints were dicang ( st @ ) , jiache ( st @ ) , taiyang ( ex-hn @ ) , xiaguan ( st @ ) , hegu ( li @ ) , etc. .", "the house-brackmann ( h-b ) scale was used in the assessment on the day of the inclusion , in the @st , @nd , @rd and @th sessions of treatment and in @st and @rd months of the follow-up visit after the end of treatment separately .", "the cured rates were @ % ( @/@ ) , @ % ( @/@ ) and @ % ( @/@ ) in the continuous wave group , the disperse-dense wave group and the intermittent wave group separately .", "the results of the rank sum test showed that the efficacy comparison among the groups did not present the statistically significant difference ( p > @ ) .", "electroacupuncture achieves the significant clinical efficacy on peripheral facial paralysis and there are no any significant differences in the efficacy among the different waveforms .", "it is suggested that the clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture on the disease has nothing significant correlation with the waveforms ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to use electroacupuncture ( ea ) of different waveforms to treat peripheral facial paralysis and assess the clinical efficacies of @ kinds of ea waveforms ( continuous wave , disperse-dense wave and intermittent wave ) .', \"one hundred and twenty-nine cases of bell 's palsy were randomly divided into a continuous wave group ( @ cases ) , a disperse-dense wave group ( @ cases ) and an intermittent wave group ( @ cases ) .\", 'the acupoints were dicang ( st @ ) , jiache ( st @ ) , taiyang ( ex-hn @ ) , xiaguan ( st @ ) , hegu ( li @ ) , etc. .', 'the house-brackmann ( h-b ) scale was used in the assessment on the day of the inclusion , in the @st , @nd , @rd and @th sessions of treatment and in @st and @rd months of the follow-up visit after the end of treatment separately .', 'the cured rates were @ % ( @/@ ) , @ % ( @/@ ) and @ % ( @/@ ) in the continuous wave group , the disperse-dense wave group and the intermittent wave group separately .', 'the results of the rank sum test showed that the efficacy comparison among the groups did not present the statistically significant difference ( p > @ ) .', 'electroacupuncture achieves the significant clinical efficacy on peripheral facial paralysis and there are no any significant differences in the efficacy among the different waveforms .', 'it is suggested that the clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture on the disease has nothing significant correlation with the waveforms .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "increased hdl-cholesterol ( hdl-c ) concentrations have been associated with lower coronary heart disease risk .", "on the other hand , dietary fats are known to influence the fatty acid profile of plasma lipids , including phospholipids that are substrates of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase ( lcat ) , an important enzyme in hdl metabolism .", "the purpose of this study was to examine the association between the saturated fatty acid ( sfa ) intake and lcat activity .", "an interventional study was performed in a monk community of @ men .", "a french monk community , south west of france .", "the basal diet of the study cohort contained sfa in a proportion of @ % of their total energy intake ( tei ) .", "they were submitted to two experimental isocaloric diets containing either @ % of the tei in sfa ( diet a ) or @ % ( diet b ) , each lasting @ weeks .", "the elevation of sfa in diet b was mainly obtained by decreasing carbohydrates .", "the only significant difference among total fats between diets a and b was the myristic acid content ( @ and @ % of tei , respectively ) .", "the elevation in sfa in diet b resulted in a significant increase of hdl-c ( p < @ ) , while plasma apo a-i concentration and lcat activity both decreased ( p < @ ) .", "altogether , these results are consistent with a negative effect of sfa on reverse cholesterol transport ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['increased hdl-cholesterol ( hdl-c ) concentrations have been associated with lower coronary heart disease risk .', 'on the other hand , dietary fats are known to influence the fatty acid profile of plasma lipids , including phospholipids that are substrates of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase ( lcat ) , an important enzyme in hdl metabolism .', 'the purpose of this study was to examine the association between the saturated fatty acid ( sfa ) intake and lcat activity .', 'an interventional study was performed in a monk community of @ men .', 'a french monk community , south west of france .', 'the basal diet of the study cohort contained sfa in a proportion of @ % of their total energy intake ( tei ) .', 'they were submitted to two experimental isocaloric diets containing either @ % of the tei in sfa ( diet a ) or @ % ( diet b ) , each lasting @ weeks .', 'the elevation of sfa in diet b was mainly obtained by decreasing carbohydrates .', 'the only significant difference among total fats between diets a and b was the myristic acid content ( @ and @ % of tei , respectively ) .', 'the elevation in sfa in diet b resulted in a significant increase of hdl-c ( p < @ ) , while plasma apo a-i concentration and lcat activity both decreased ( p < @ ) .', 'altogether , these results are consistent with a negative effect of sfa on reverse cholesterol transport .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "anastrozole ( ana ) alone delivers significant disease-free survival benefits over tamoxifen ( tam ) monotherapy in postmenopausal women with early estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer .", "the abcsg-@ ( austrian breast and colorectal cancer study group @ ) study is a large phase iii clinical trial addressing the sequence strategy containing ana in comparison with @ years of tam in a low - to intermediate-risk group of postmenopausal patients .", "endocrine receptor-positive patients with g@ or g@ tumors were eligible .", "after surgery , patients were randomly assigned to @ years of tam or @ years of tam followed by @ years of ana .", "adjuvant chemotherapy and g@ and t@ tumors were exclusion criteria .", "intention-to-treat and censored analyses of on-treatment recurrence-free survival ( rfs ) were performed , and exploratory survival end points and toxicity were investigated .", "information from @,@ patients , including @,@ woman-years , with a median of @ months of follow-up was available for this analysis .", "median age was @ years , @ % were node negative , and @ % had t@ tumors .", "sequencing of ana after identical @-year treatment with tam in both arms did not result in a statistically significant improvement of rfs ( hazard ratio [ hr ] , @ ; @ % ci , @ to @ ; p = @ ) .", "exploratory analyses of distant relapse-free survival indicated a @ % improvement ( hr , @ ; @ % ci , @ to @ ) .", "on-treatment adverse events and serious adverse events were consistent with known toxicity profiles of ana and tam treatment .", "despite a low overall rate of recurrence in a population with breast cancer at limited risk of relapse , the a priori sequence strategy of @ years of tam followed by @ years of ana led to small outcome and toxicity benefits ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['anastrozole ( ana ) alone delivers significant disease-free survival benefits over tamoxifen ( tam ) monotherapy in postmenopausal women with early estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer .', 'the abcsg-@ ( austrian breast and colorectal cancer study group @ ) study is a large phase iii clinical trial addressing the sequence strategy containing ana in comparison with @ years of tam in a low - to intermediate-risk group of postmenopausal patients .', 'endocrine receptor-positive patients with g@ or g@ tumors were eligible .', 'after surgery , patients were randomly assigned to @ years of tam or @ years of tam followed by @ years of ana .', 'adjuvant chemotherapy and g@ and t@ tumors were exclusion criteria .', 'intention-to-treat and censored analyses of on-treatment recurrence-free survival ( rfs ) were performed , and exploratory survival end points and toxicity were investigated .', 'information from @,@ patients , including @,@ woman-years , with a median of @ months of follow-up was available for this analysis .', 'median age was @ years , @ % were node negative , and @ % had t@ tumors .', 'sequencing of ana after identical @-year treatment with tam in both arms did not result in a statistically significant improvement of rfs ( hazard ratio [ hr ] , @ ; @ % ci , @ to @ ; p = @ ) .', 'exploratory analyses of distant relapse-free survival indicated a @ % improvement ( hr , @ ; @ % ci , @ to @ ) .', 'on-treatment adverse events and serious adverse events were consistent with known toxicity profiles of ana and tam treatment .', 'despite a low overall rate of recurrence in a population with breast cancer at limited risk of relapse , the a priori sequence strategy of @ years of tam followed by @ years of ana led to small outcome and toxicity benefits .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare the results between a new intramedullary gamma nail and a compression hip screw in the treatment of trochanteric fractures .", "prospective randomized .", "level @ trauma center .", "two hundred ten consecutive patients older than @ years with trochanteric femoral fractures .", "treatment with a compression hip screw or a new design of the trochanteric gamma nail ( @ mm in length with a mediolateral angle of @ degrees and available only with a proximal diameter of @ mm and distal diameter of @ mm ) .", "operative and fluoroscopy times , blood loss , functional outcome , complication rate , and failure of fixation .", "the trochanteric gamma nail was used in @ patients and the compression hip screw in @ .", "the @ groups were similar in terms of their preoperative data , with a median follow-up of @ months ( range @-@ ) .", "the results show no difference in operating time ( p = @ ) , but the trochanteric gamma nail group had a significantly shorter fluoroscopy time ( p = @ ) , and the number of patients transfused and the mean of units of blood transfused were significantly less in the trochanteric gamma nail group ( p = @ , @ , respectively ) .", "mortality within @ months was similar in both groups ( p = @ ) .", "all fractures were radiographically healed at the last visit .", "there was no difference in intraoperative and postoperative complications or rate of fixation failure between the @ groups , and no case of secondary shaft fracture of the femur was encountered in this study .", "in the entire series , there was no difference in the functional outcome ( p = @ ) , but the postoperative walking ability was better in those patients with unstable fractures who were treated with the trochanteric gamma nail ( p = @ ) .", "the new trochanteric gamma nail is an effective method for the treatment of trochanteric femoral fractures in elderly patients .", "the indication for either trochanteric gamma nail or compression hip screw is similar in stable fractures , but we recommend the use of the trochanteric gamma nail for unstable trochanteric fractures ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to compare the results between a new intramedullary gamma nail and a compression hip screw in the treatment of trochanteric fractures .', 'prospective randomized .', 'level @ trauma center .', 'two hundred ten consecutive patients older than @ years with trochanteric femoral fractures .', 'treatment with a compression hip screw or a new design of the trochanteric gamma nail ( @ mm in length with a mediolateral angle of @ degrees and available only with a proximal diameter of @ mm and distal diameter of @ mm ) .', 'operative and fluoroscopy times , blood loss , functional outcome , complication rate , and failure of fixation .', 'the trochanteric gamma nail was used in @ patients and the compression hip screw in @ .', 'the @ groups were similar in terms of their preoperative data , with a median follow-up of @ months ( range @-@ ) .', 'the results show no difference in operating time ( p = @ ) , but the trochanteric gamma nail group had a significantly shorter fluoroscopy time ( p = @ ) , and the number of patients transfused and the mean of units of blood transfused were significantly less in the trochanteric gamma nail group ( p = @ , @ , respectively ) .', 'mortality within @ months was similar in both groups ( p = @ ) .', 'all fractures were radiographically healed at the last visit .', 'there was no difference in intraoperative and postoperative complications or rate of fixation failure between the @ groups , and no case of secondary shaft fracture of the femur was encountered in this study .', 'in the entire series , there was no difference in the functional outcome ( p = @ ) , but the postoperative walking ability was better in those patients with unstable fractures who were treated with the trochanteric gamma nail ( p = @ ) .', 'the new trochanteric gamma nail is an effective method for the treatment of trochanteric femoral fractures in elderly patients .', 'the indication for either trochanteric gamma nail or compression hip screw is similar in stable fractures , but we recommend the use of the trochanteric gamma nail for unstable trochanteric fractures .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "fty@ is a sphingosine-@-phosphate receptor agonist intended for use in immunoprophylaxis regimens to prevent acute rejection after organ transplantation .", "to evaluate the potential for a pharmacokinetic drug interaction between the immunomodulator fty@ and cyclosporine to support the use of this drug combination in organ transplantation .", "in this open-label , randomized crossover study , @ subjects with psoriasis received a single dose of fty@ @ mg alone and on day @ of an @-day course of cyclosporine @ mg twice daily .", "the single-dose pharmacokinetics of fty@ and the steady-state pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine were characterized when given alone and during coadministration .", "routine safety data were collected , with special attention to total blood lymphocyte counts and heart rate .", "cyclosporine coadministration compared with fty@ given alone did not significantly alter fty@ maximum concentration ( c ( max ) ) ( @ + / - @ vs @ + / - @ .", "ng/ml , respectively ) or auc ( @-t ) ( @ + / - @ vs @ + / - @ ng .", "h/ml , respectively ) .", "likewise for cyclosporine , fty@ coadministration did not alter the steady-state cmax compared with cyclosporine given alone ( @ + / - @ vs @ + / - @ ng/ml , respectively ) or auc ( tau ) ( @ + / - @ vs @ + / - @ ng .", "h/ml , respectively ) .", "mean lymphocyte counts decreased from baseline by an average of @ % over the first @ days after fty@ administration and thereafter increased to prestudy values by day @ similarly in the absence and presence of cyclosporine .", "the morning mean supine heart rate decreased approximately @ % and returned to prestudy rates by day @ after administration of fty@ alone and with cyclosporine .", "heart rate changes were asymptomatic in all study participants .", "one subject experienced asymptomatic second-degree type @ atrioventricular ( wenckebach ) block .", "the pharmacokinetics of single-dose fty@ and steady-state cyclosporine were not altered during coadministration ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['fty@ is a sphingosine-@-phosphate receptor agonist intended for use in immunoprophylaxis regimens to prevent acute rejection after organ transplantation .', 'to evaluate the potential for a pharmacokinetic drug interaction between the immunomodulator fty@ and cyclosporine to support the use of this drug combination in organ transplantation .', 'in this open-label , randomized crossover study , @ subjects with psoriasis received a single dose of fty@ @ mg alone and on day @ of an @-day course of cyclosporine @ mg twice daily .', 'the single-dose pharmacokinetics of fty@ and the steady-state pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine were characterized when given alone and during coadministration .', 'routine safety data were collected , with special attention to total blood lymphocyte counts and heart rate .', 'cyclosporine coadministration compared with fty@ given alone did not significantly alter fty@ maximum concentration ( c ( max ) ) ( @ + / - @ vs @ + / - @ .', 'ng/ml , respectively ) or auc ( @-t ) ( @ + / - @ vs @ + / - @ ng .', 'h/ml , respectively ) .', 'likewise for cyclosporine , fty@ coadministration did not alter the steady-state cmax compared with cyclosporine given alone ( @ + / - @ vs @ + / - @ ng/ml , respectively ) or auc ( tau ) ( @ + / - @ vs @ + / - @ ng .', 'h/ml , respectively ) .', 'mean lymphocyte counts decreased from baseline by an average of @ % over the first @ days after fty@ administration and thereafter increased to prestudy values by day @ similarly in the absence and presence of cyclosporine .', 'the morning mean supine heart rate decreased approximately @ % and returned to prestudy rates by day @ after administration of fty@ alone and with cyclosporine .', 'heart rate changes were asymptomatic in all study participants .', 'one subject experienced asymptomatic second-degree type @ atrioventricular ( wenckebach ) block .', 'the pharmacokinetics of single-dose fty@ and steady-state cyclosporine were not altered during coadministration .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "some nebulized bronchodilator solutions contain additives , such as edta , benzalkonium chloride ( bac ) , or both .", "although bac-induced bronchoconstriction has been well documented in patients with asthma , there is no information on the effects of edta on fev ( @ ) when inhaled in the amounts that would be administered during emergency department treatment of asthma .", "eighteen subjects with stable asthma and airway responsiveness to methacholine were randomly assigned to inhale up to four @-microg nebulized doses of edta , bac ( positive control ) , and normal saline ( placebo ) in a double-blind crossover manner on separate days .", "fev ( @ ) was measured @ minutes after each dose .", "treatments were repeated every @ minutes until fev ( @ ) decreased by @ % or greater or a maximum of @ doses were administered .", "mean + / - sd maximum percent decrease in fev ( @ ) was @ % + / - @ % after edta , @ % + / - @ % after bac , and @ % + / - @ % after placebo ( p < @ ) ; there was no significant difference between edta and placebo .", "the amount of edta contained in maximum recommended doses of nebulized bronchodilators does not induce bronchospasm .", "in contrast , bac induces clinically important bronchospasm , which could decrease the efficacy of a bronchodilator during an emergency ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['some nebulized bronchodilator solutions contain additives , such as edta , benzalkonium chloride ( bac ) , or both .', 'although bac-induced bronchoconstriction has been well documented in patients with asthma , there is no information on the effects of edta on fev ( @ ) when inhaled in the amounts that would be administered during emergency department treatment of asthma .', 'eighteen subjects with stable asthma and airway responsiveness to methacholine were randomly assigned to inhale up to four @-microg nebulized doses of edta , bac ( positive control ) , and normal saline ( placebo ) in a double-blind crossover manner on separate days .', 'fev ( @ ) was measured @ minutes after each dose .', 'treatments were repeated every @ minutes until fev ( @ ) decreased by @ % or greater or a maximum of @ doses were administered .', 'mean + / - sd maximum percent decrease in fev ( @ ) was @ % + / - @ % after edta , @ % + / - @ % after bac , and @ % + / - @ % after placebo ( p < @ ) ; there was no significant difference between edta and placebo .', 'the amount of edta contained in maximum recommended doses of nebulized bronchodilators does not induce bronchospasm .', 'in contrast , bac induces clinically important bronchospasm , which could decrease the efficacy of a bronchodilator during an emergency .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "this study was a prospective , randomized evaluation of parietal cell vagotomy ( pcv ) and selective vagotomy-antrectomy ( sv-a ) in the treatment of duodenal ulcer .", "operative treatment of duodenal ulcer is associated with mortality and mechanical and metabolic morbidity .", "at the time that surgeons appear to have succeeded in developing operations with low morbidity and mortality , the number of patients requiring elective operation has decreased partly because of the simultaneous , dramatic improvement in medical therapy .", "nevertheless , surgical therapy still is important , especially in certain socioeconomic environments .", "after a pilot study of pcv , @ patients with duodenal ulcers were randomized to pcv or sv-a .", "one surgeon was responsible for the operations and follow-up studies .", "an attempt was made to evaluate all patients annually in the hospital .", "gastric analyses were performed on each visit , for which the patient gave his/her consent .", "there was no operative mortality .", "the recurrence rate-by-life table analysis was less ( p < @ ) after sv-a than pcv .", "dumping was greater ( p < @ ) , and there was no difference in the frequency of diarrhea after sv-a compared with pcv .", "the percentage of patients with grades visick i or visick ii was not different for the two operations , but more patients were graded visick i after pcv than after sv-a .", "selective vagotomy-antrectomy and parietal cell vagotomy are effective and safe operations , when used appropriately .", "selective vagotomy-antrectomy is preferable for patients with pyloric and prepyloric ulcers and pyloric obstruction .", "parietal cell vagotomy is the authors ' choice for duodenal ulcer patients because of the occasional patient who becomes disabled by sv-a ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['this study was a prospective , randomized evaluation of parietal cell vagotomy ( pcv ) and selective vagotomy-antrectomy ( sv-a ) in the treatment of duodenal ulcer .', 'operative treatment of duodenal ulcer is associated with mortality and mechanical and metabolic morbidity .', 'at the time that surgeons appear to have succeeded in developing operations with low morbidity and mortality , the number of patients requiring elective operation has decreased partly because of the simultaneous , dramatic improvement in medical therapy .', 'nevertheless , surgical therapy still is important , especially in certain socioeconomic environments .', 'after a pilot study of pcv , @ patients with duodenal ulcers were randomized to pcv or sv-a .', 'one surgeon was responsible for the operations and follow-up studies .', 'an attempt was made to evaluate all patients annually in the hospital .', 'gastric analyses were performed on each visit , for which the patient gave his/her consent .', 'there was no operative mortality .', 'the recurrence rate-by-life table analysis was less ( p < @ ) after sv-a than pcv .', 'dumping was greater ( p < @ ) , and there was no difference in the frequency of diarrhea after sv-a compared with pcv .', 'the percentage of patients with grades visick i or visick ii was not different for the two operations , but more patients were graded visick i after pcv than after sv-a .', 'selective vagotomy-antrectomy and parietal cell vagotomy are effective and safe operations , when used appropriately .', 'selective vagotomy-antrectomy is preferable for patients with pyloric and prepyloric ulcers and pyloric obstruction .', \"parietal cell vagotomy is the authors ' choice for duodenal ulcer patients because of the occasional patient who becomes disabled by sv-a .\"]" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to study the gastric function after esophagectomy and cardiectomy with vagus nerve preserved and reconstruction of gastric funds ( vprg ) in patients with esophageal cancer ( ec ) and cardiac cancer ( cc ) .", "sixty-eight patients with early or middle staged ec or cc received esophagectomy and cardiectomy with vagus nerve preserved and reconstruction of gastric funds ( vprg ) , while other @ patients esophagectomy and cardiectomy with vagus nerve severed and no reconstruction of gastric funds ( vsng ) as control .", "the symptoms , the pressure of the residual esophagus and thoracic stomach , @-hour ph monitoring , mean basic gastric acid output , gastric emptying time of the intrathoracic stomach , fasting serum gastrin level , fibreoptic endoscopic results were compared before and after operation between the two groups .", "the patients with vprg had less symptoms after operation than those with vsng such as anorexia , belch , reflux , heartburn , nausea , diarrhea , postcibal satiety ( p < @ ) .", "in vprg group , compared with the results before operation , there were no significant differences in @-hour ph monitoring , the mean basic gastric acid output , the fasting serum gastrin level , the gastric emptying time of intrathoracic stomach one month and one year after operation ( both p > @ ) .", "the pressure of the residual esophagus above the anastomosis in vprg group was significantly higher than that in vsng group ( both p < @ ) .", "fibreoptic endoscopic examination revealed higher incidences of postoperative atrophic gastritis and reflux esophagitis in vprg group one month and one year after operation than those in vsng group ( p < @ ) .", "preservation of the vagus nerve and reconstruction of gastric funds after esophagectomy and cardiectomy for esophageal and cardiac cancer can prevent digestive disorder and improve the life quality of the patients ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to study the gastric function after esophagectomy and cardiectomy with vagus nerve preserved and reconstruction of gastric funds ( vprg ) in patients with esophageal cancer ( ec ) and cardiac cancer ( cc ) .', 'sixty-eight patients with early or middle staged ec or cc received esophagectomy and cardiectomy with vagus nerve preserved and reconstruction of gastric funds ( vprg ) , while other @ patients esophagectomy and cardiectomy with vagus nerve severed and no reconstruction of gastric funds ( vsng ) as control .', 'the symptoms , the pressure of the residual esophagus and thoracic stomach , @-hour ph monitoring , mean basic gastric acid output , gastric emptying time of the intrathoracic stomach , fasting serum gastrin level , fibreoptic endoscopic results were compared before and after operation between the two groups .', 'the patients with vprg had less symptoms after operation than those with vsng such as anorexia , belch , reflux , heartburn , nausea , diarrhea , postcibal satiety ( p < @ ) .', 'in vprg group , compared with the results before operation , there were no significant differences in @-hour ph monitoring , the mean basic gastric acid output , the fasting serum gastrin level , the gastric emptying time of intrathoracic stomach one month and one year after operation ( both p > @ ) .', 'the pressure of the residual esophagus above the anastomosis in vprg group was significantly higher than that in vsng group ( both p < @ ) .', 'fibreoptic endoscopic examination revealed higher incidences of postoperative atrophic gastritis and reflux esophagitis in vprg group one month and one year after operation than those in vsng group ( p < @ ) .', 'preservation of the vagus nerve and reconstruction of gastric funds after esophagectomy and cardiectomy for esophageal and cardiac cancer can prevent digestive disorder and improve the life quality of the patients .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to present a single centre prospective randomized study on the use of the bladeless optiview system ( ethicon endosurgery , cincinnati , oh ) to create the pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic renal procedures reporting the results with regards safety , efficacy and complications and comparing it with the hasson open technique .", "sixty patients were randomly recruited , @ to the open and @ to the bladeless group at the bristol urological institute , uk .", "time to insertion , time to closure and any intraoperative and postoperative complication related to trocar insertion was recorded .", "all procedures were performed for renal pathology .", "bmi values were similar in both groups .", "the mean time to insertion of the @ mm hasson and bladeless trocars were @ and @ seconds , respectively ( p < @ ) .", "the incision in the bladeless group was only closed when the defect exceeded @ mm ( @ % ) or extended for specimen removal ( @ % ) , resulting in a mean time to closure of @ seconds .", "in the hasson group , entry into the abdominal cavity could not be confirmed in two patients ( @ % ) due to multiple adhesions .", "in the bladeless group , there was one failed placement ( @ % ) requiring conversion to the hasson technique and two injuries to intraabdominal structures ( peritoneal minor bruising , liver injury requiring conversion to open procedure , @ % ) , there was one incidence of gas leakage ( @ % ) .", "there were no reports of port site herniation at a mean follow up of @ months .", "direct placement of a bladeless trocar under direct vision in a desufflated abdomen can reduce port placement time when compared to the hasson technique .", "the benefits are maximised by using the bladeless trocar for procedures not requiring intact specimen removal .", "however , despite visualisation of tissue layers , this port can not prevent serious intra abdominal injuries that can occur in a higher percentage of cases in comparison to the hasson technique ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to present a single centre prospective randomized study on the use of the bladeless optiview system ( ethicon endosurgery , cincinnati , oh ) to create the pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic renal procedures reporting the results with regards safety , efficacy and complications and comparing it with the hasson open technique .', 'sixty patients were randomly recruited , @ to the open and @ to the bladeless group at the bristol urological institute , uk .', 'time to insertion , time to closure and any intraoperative and postoperative complication related to trocar insertion was recorded .', 'all procedures were performed for renal pathology .', 'bmi values were similar in both groups .', 'the mean time to insertion of the @ mm hasson and bladeless trocars were @ and @ seconds , respectively ( p < @ ) .', 'the incision in the bladeless group was only closed when the defect exceeded @ mm ( @ % ) or extended for specimen removal ( @ % ) , resulting in a mean time to closure of @ seconds .', 'in the hasson group , entry into the abdominal cavity could not be confirmed in two patients ( @ % ) due to multiple adhesions .', 'in the bladeless group , there was one failed placement ( @ % ) requiring conversion to the hasson technique and two injuries to intraabdominal structures ( peritoneal minor bruising , liver injury requiring conversion to open procedure , @ % ) , there was one incidence of gas leakage ( @ % ) .', 'there were no reports of port site herniation at a mean follow up of @ months .', 'direct placement of a bladeless trocar under direct vision in a desufflated abdomen can reduce port placement time when compared to the hasson technique .', 'the benefits are maximised by using the bladeless trocar for procedures not requiring intact specimen removal .', 'however , despite visualisation of tissue layers , this port can not prevent serious intra abdominal injuries that can occur in a higher percentage of cases in comparison to the hasson technique .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the proseal laryngeal mask airway ( plma ) may be difficult to insert because of its large soft cuff , even when using a dedicated introducer tool .", "the purpose of this study was to investigate whether introduction of a stylet ( flexi-slip ) in the drainage tube improved insertion characteristics compared with the standard introducer .", "in this randomized controlled trial , @ adults were allocated randomly to either the introducer group ( n = @ ) or to the flexi-slip stylet group ( n = @ ) .", "in the introducer group , the plma was inserted with an introducer as described in the manufacturer 's instructions .", "in the flexi-slip stylet group , a flexi-slip stylet was inserted into the drainage tube of the plma and bent to form a near @ angle at the junction of the cuff and the airway tube .", "the primary outcome measurement was the success rate at first attempt .", "insertion time , visible blood staining , and complications were also noted .", "success at first attempt was more frequent with the flexi-slip stylet than with the introducer ( @ % vs @ % , respectively ; p = @ ) .", "overall time ( meanstandard deviation ) taken for successful placement was shorter with the flexi-slip stylet than with the introducer ( @ sec vs @ sec , respectively ; p < @ ) .", "the incidences of blood staining and postoperative sore throat were lower in the flexi-slip stylet group than in the introducer group ( @ % vs @ % , respectively ; p = @ and @ % vs @ % , respectively ; p = @ ) .", "insertion of the plma with a flexi-slip stylet has a higher success rate at first attempt , requires less time , and results in fewer airway complications than the introducer technique ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the proseal laryngeal mask airway ( plma ) may be difficult to insert because of its large soft cuff , even when using a dedicated introducer tool .', 'the purpose of this study was to investigate whether introduction of a stylet ( flexi-slip ) in the drainage tube improved insertion characteristics compared with the standard introducer .', 'in this randomized controlled trial , @ adults were allocated randomly to either the introducer group ( n = @ ) or to the flexi-slip stylet group ( n = @ ) .', \"in the introducer group , the plma was inserted with an introducer as described in the manufacturer 's instructions .\", 'in the flexi-slip stylet group , a flexi-slip stylet was inserted into the drainage tube of the plma and bent to form a near @ angle at the junction of the cuff and the airway tube .', 'the primary outcome measurement was the success rate at first attempt .', 'insertion time , visible blood staining , and complications were also noted .', 'success at first attempt was more frequent with the flexi-slip stylet than with the introducer ( @ % vs @ % , respectively ; p = @ ) .', 'overall time ( meanstandard deviation ) taken for successful placement was shorter with the flexi-slip stylet than with the introducer ( @ sec vs @ sec , respectively ; p < @ ) .', 'the incidences of blood staining and postoperative sore throat were lower in the flexi-slip stylet group than in the introducer group ( @ % vs @ % , respectively ; p = @ and @ % vs @ % , respectively ; p = @ ) .', 'insertion of the plma with a flexi-slip stylet has a higher success rate at first attempt , requires less time , and results in fewer airway complications than the introducer technique .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to assess potential alterations of the nasal mucosa by clinical and histopathological evaluation of workers exposed to sulphuric acid mists at anodising plants , correlating the findings with duration of exposure and sulphuric acid concentrations in the air , and comparing them with a control group .", "fifty two workers from five plants underwent a clinical evaluation ( standard questionnaire , clinical , and ear , nose , and throat examination including nasal endoscopy ) .", "for the histopathological study , @ of the @ subjects ( study group ) were randomly selected , as well as @ unexposed subjects ( control group ) , matched by sex , age , and smoking habits .", "nasal biopsy specimens were obtained from the anterior septum mucosa and the anterior curvature of the middle turbinate in each individual .", "a total of @ nasal mucosa specimens ( @ in the study group and @ in the control group ) were evaluated with regard to normal respiratory epithelium or metaplastic epithelium , atypia or dysplasia , and alterations of the lamina propria .", "the histopathological study revealed squamous metaplasia in @ ( @ % ) and atypia in @ ( @ % ) of the @ study group samples .", "no association was found between exposure duration and the clinical and histopathological variables , but a significant association was found between sulphuric acid concentrations higher than @ micro g/m ( @ ) and pale mucosal patches and ulcerations in the exposed subjects .", "logistic regression analysis showed that the exposed subjects had a fivefold risk of developing atypia compared with the unexposed subjects .", "workers exposed to sulphuric acid mists presented with a high incidence of nasal symptoms , and macroscopic and microscopic changes of the nasal mucosa , including squamous atypia and dysplasia .", "the risk for these histopthological lesions increased with higher sulphuric acid concentrations in the air , revealing an exposure-response relation ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to assess potential alterations of the nasal mucosa by clinical and histopathological evaluation of workers exposed to sulphuric acid mists at anodising plants , correlating the findings with duration of exposure and sulphuric acid concentrations in the air , and comparing them with a control group .', 'fifty two workers from five plants underwent a clinical evaluation ( standard questionnaire , clinical , and ear , nose , and throat examination including nasal endoscopy ) .', 'for the histopathological study , @ of the @ subjects ( study group ) were randomly selected , as well as @ unexposed subjects ( control group ) , matched by sex , age , and smoking habits .', 'nasal biopsy specimens were obtained from the anterior septum mucosa and the anterior curvature of the middle turbinate in each individual .', 'a total of @ nasal mucosa specimens ( @ in the study group and @ in the control group ) were evaluated with regard to normal respiratory epithelium or metaplastic epithelium , atypia or dysplasia , and alterations of the lamina propria .', 'the histopathological study revealed squamous metaplasia in @ ( @ % ) and atypia in @ ( @ % ) of the @ study group samples .', 'no association was found between exposure duration and the clinical and histopathological variables , but a significant association was found between sulphuric acid concentrations higher than @ micro g/m ( @ ) and pale mucosal patches and ulcerations in the exposed subjects .', 'logistic regression analysis showed that the exposed subjects had a fivefold risk of developing atypia compared with the unexposed subjects .', 'workers exposed to sulphuric acid mists presented with a high incidence of nasal symptoms , and macroscopic and microscopic changes of the nasal mucosa , including squamous atypia and dysplasia .', 'the risk for these histopthological lesions increased with higher sulphuric acid concentrations in the air , revealing an exposure-response relation .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "we have studied the effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme ( ace ) inhibition with lisinopril on acute hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction ( hpv ) .", "randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study in ten healthy volunteers .", "subjects received four daily doses of lisinopril or matched placebo before attending the laboratory @ h after taking the final dose .", "after reaching a resting hemodynamic state , subjects were made hypoxemic ( sao@ , @ to @ % ) for @ min .", "pulmonary and systemic hemodynamic parameters were measured noninvasively at baseline and after @ min of hypoxemia .", "mean pulmonary artery pressure ( mpap ) and total pulmonary vascular resistance ( tpr ) were similar at baseline on both study days .", "the increase in mpap induced by hypoxemia was significantly blunted by pretreatment with lisinopril ( means and @ % confidence interval [ ci ] for difference ) @ mm hg vs placebo @ mm hg ( @ % ci , @ , @ ) .", "likewise , the tpr response to hypoxemia was significantly blunted by lisinopril : @ dyne.s.cm-@ vs placebo @ dyne.s.cm-@ ( @ % ci , @ , @ ) .", "lisinopril had no confounding systemic effects on mean arterial pressure , cardiac output , or systemic vascular resistance at baseline or in response to hypoxemia .", "lisinopril therefore significantly attenuated the pulmonary pressor response to hypoxemia without decreasing baseline mpap or tpr .", "this suggests that angiotensin ii might play a modulatory role during hpv in man and that ace inhibition may be a useful adjunctive treatment in hypoxemic pulmonary hypertension ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['we have studied the effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme ( ace ) inhibition with lisinopril on acute hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction ( hpv ) .', 'randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study in ten healthy volunteers .', 'subjects received four daily doses of lisinopril or matched placebo before attending the laboratory @ h after taking the final dose .', 'after reaching a resting hemodynamic state , subjects were made hypoxemic ( sao@ , @ to @ % ) for @ min .', 'pulmonary and systemic hemodynamic parameters were measured noninvasively at baseline and after @ min of hypoxemia .', 'mean pulmonary artery pressure ( mpap ) and total pulmonary vascular resistance ( tpr ) were similar at baseline on both study days .', 'the increase in mpap induced by hypoxemia was significantly blunted by pretreatment with lisinopril ( means and @ % confidence interval [ ci ] for difference ) @ mm hg vs placebo @ mm hg ( @ % ci , @ , @ ) .', 'likewise , the tpr response to hypoxemia was significantly blunted by lisinopril : @ dyne.s.cm-@ vs placebo @ dyne.s.cm-@ ( @ % ci , @ , @ ) .', 'lisinopril had no confounding systemic effects on mean arterial pressure , cardiac output , or systemic vascular resistance at baseline or in response to hypoxemia .', 'lisinopril therefore significantly attenuated the pulmonary pressor response to hypoxemia without decreasing baseline mpap or tpr .', 'this suggests that angiotensin ii might play a modulatory role during hpv in man and that ace inhibition may be a useful adjunctive treatment in hypoxemic pulmonary hypertension .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the purpose of this study was to assess the effect of lateral positions on tissue oxygenation in critically ill patients .", "the study design was prospective and quasi-experimental , and we used a convenience sample with random assignment .", "the study took place in the intensive care unit and the cardiac intensive care unit of a @-bed medical center in the northwestern united states .", "the sample included @ adult patients with indwelling pulmonary artery and radial arterial catheters who were receiving mechanical ventilation and who met the criteria of `` critical illness '' by having impaired arterial oxygenation ( pao@ < or = @ mm hg ) and/or cardiac index < or = @ l/min/m@ .", "the outcome measures were dependent variables reflecting oxygen delivery including heart rate , cardiac output , arterial oxygen content ( cao@ ) and oxygen consumption , and the adequacy of tissue oxygenation ( serum lactate ) .", "each patient was passively turned to each of the three positions ( right and left @ degrees lateral and supine ) according to a computer-generated , randomized positioning sequence .", "dependent variables were measured @ minutes after each position change .", "no changes in ventilator settings or vasoactive drugs occurred during data collection .", "analysis of variance for repeated measures was used in the data analysis .", "post hoc analysis determined an effect size of @ and power of @ at an alpha level of @ .", "no statistically significant differences caused by position were found in mean cao@ , cardiac output , heart rate , respiratory rate , pao@ , sao@ , or lactate level .", "pearson correlation analysis found no significant relationships between the primary variables reflecting oxygen delivery ( cardiac output and cao@ ) and serum lactate levels .", "these findings suggest that lateral positioning of critically ill patients who are hypoxemic or have low cardiac output does not further endanger tissue oxygenation .", "evaluation of individual patient responses to position changes in the clinical setting is encouraged until further studies using more heterogenous populations can provide more definitive guidance ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the purpose of this study was to assess the effect of lateral positions on tissue oxygenation in critically ill patients .', 'the study design was prospective and quasi-experimental , and we used a convenience sample with random assignment .', 'the study took place in the intensive care unit and the cardiac intensive care unit of a @-bed medical center in the northwestern united states .', \"the sample included @ adult patients with indwelling pulmonary artery and radial arterial catheters who were receiving mechanical ventilation and who met the criteria of `` critical illness '' by having impaired arterial oxygenation ( pao@ < or = @ mm hg ) and/or cardiac index < or = @ l/min/m@ .\", 'the outcome measures were dependent variables reflecting oxygen delivery including heart rate , cardiac output , arterial oxygen content ( cao@ ) and oxygen consumption , and the adequacy of tissue oxygenation ( serum lactate ) .', 'each patient was passively turned to each of the three positions ( right and left @ degrees lateral and supine ) according to a computer-generated , randomized positioning sequence .', 'dependent variables were measured @ minutes after each position change .', 'no changes in ventilator settings or vasoactive drugs occurred during data collection .', 'analysis of variance for repeated measures was used in the data analysis .', 'post hoc analysis determined an effect size of @ and power of @ at an alpha level of @ .', 'no statistically significant differences caused by position were found in mean cao@ , cardiac output , heart rate , respiratory rate , pao@ , sao@ , or lactate level .', 'pearson correlation analysis found no significant relationships between the primary variables reflecting oxygen delivery ( cardiac output and cao@ ) and serum lactate levels .', 'these findings suggest that lateral positioning of critically ill patients who are hypoxemic or have low cardiac output does not further endanger tissue oxygenation .', 'evaluation of individual patient responses to position changes in the clinical setting is encouraged until further studies using more heterogenous populations can provide more definitive guidance .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "patients undergoing cardiac surgery presenting with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) have a higher @-day mortality risk .", "in these patients , pulmonary dysfunction linked to an inflammatory response is frequent after cardiac operations using cardiopulmonary bypass ( cpb ) , which causes pulmonary hypoperfusion .", "we hypothesize that selective pulmonary perfusion ( spp ) of the lungs leads to a reduction of pulmonary inflammation and a better clinical outcome .", "fifty-nine copd patients ( forced expiratory volume in @ s/vital capacity < @ % ) undergoing cardiac surgery procedures ( coronary artery bypass grafting @ % , valve @ % ) were block-randomized to spp ( venous blood , temperature @c , @ l ) or standard cpb ( @/@ ) .", "the primary end-point of the study was to evaluate the effect of pulmonary perfusion on gas exchange by measuring alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient .", "the surrogate end-points were inflammatory response , intensive care unit ( icu ) stay , time on respirator ( tor ) and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events .", "a cytokine assay for interleukin-@ , il-@ , il-@ , tumour necrosis factor - ( tnf - ) and polymorphonuclear elastase was performed with peripheral blood at different time-points [ ( t@ ) pre-cpb , ( t@ ) end of cpb , ( t@ ) @ h , ( t@ ) @ h , ( t@ ) @ h postoperatively ] .", "repeated-measure analysis of variance and non-parametric statistics were used to assess the between-group and during time differences .", "the two groups proved comparable for perioperative variables .", "serum cytokines were not different in the two groups throughout the study ( p > @ at single time-points ) , but as a function of time , the markers of the inflammatory response increased after cbp ( p < @ pre-cpb to @ h ) .", "clinical end-points were statistically comparable in both groups , but with a trend towards a shorter tor ( @ @ h/@ @ h ) and icu stay ( @ @ days/@ @ @ days ) in the spp group despite a slightly longer time on extracorporeal circulation ( @ vs @ min ) .", "these results indicate a non-significant trend that repeated hypothermic lung perfusion with venous blood during cpb may have a protective effect on the lungs .", "a multicentre study design and larger cohort seem necessary to demonstrate the benefits of spp more clearly ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['patients undergoing cardiac surgery presenting with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) have a higher @-day mortality risk .', 'in these patients , pulmonary dysfunction linked to an inflammatory response is frequent after cardiac operations using cardiopulmonary bypass ( cpb ) , which causes pulmonary hypoperfusion .', 'we hypothesize that selective pulmonary perfusion ( spp ) of the lungs leads to a reduction of pulmonary inflammation and a better clinical outcome .', 'fifty-nine copd patients ( forced expiratory volume in @ s/vital capacity < @ % ) undergoing cardiac surgery procedures ( coronary artery bypass grafting @ % , valve @ % ) were block-randomized to spp ( venous blood , temperature @c , @ l ) or standard cpb ( @/@ ) .', 'the primary end-point of the study was to evaluate the effect of pulmonary perfusion on gas exchange by measuring alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient .', 'the surrogate end-points were inflammatory response , intensive care unit ( icu ) stay , time on respirator ( tor ) and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events .', 'a cytokine assay for interleukin-@ , il-@ , il-@ , tumour necrosis factor - ( tnf - ) and polymorphonuclear elastase was performed with peripheral blood at different time-points [ ( t@ ) pre-cpb , ( t@ ) end of cpb , ( t@ ) @ h , ( t@ ) @ h , ( t@ ) @ h postoperatively ] .', 'repeated-measure analysis of variance and non-parametric statistics were used to assess the between-group and during time differences .', 'the two groups proved comparable for perioperative variables .', 'serum cytokines were not different in the two groups throughout the study ( p > @ at single time-points ) , but as a function of time , the markers of the inflammatory response increased after cbp ( p < @ pre-cpb to @ h ) .', 'clinical end-points were statistically comparable in both groups , but with a trend towards a shorter tor ( @ @ h/@ @ h ) and icu stay ( @ @ days/@ @ @ days ) in the spp group despite a slightly longer time on extracorporeal circulation ( @ vs @ min ) .', 'these results indicate a non-significant trend that repeated hypothermic lung perfusion with venous blood during cpb may have a protective effect on the lungs .', 'a multicentre study design and larger cohort seem necessary to demonstrate the benefits of spp more clearly .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the effects of extended regimens of combined oral contraceptives ( coc ) on lipid parameters are largely unknown .", "the present study compared the effects of a coc containing @ mcg ethinyl estradiol and @ mg dienogest ( ee/dng ) in conventional and extended-cycle regimen over @ year .", "lipid parameters were measured in @ women treated with ee/dng either conventionally ( @ +@ days ) or in extended-cycle regimen ( @ +@ days ) .", "blood samples were taken in a control cycle and at @ and @ months of treatment .", "the mean levels of total cholesterol , hdl cholesterol and hdl ( @ ) cholesterol underwent modest to moderate significant increases over time , while the significant increase in triglycerides and vldl cholesterol was more pronounced with both regimens .", "ldl cholesterol decreased slightly in both regimen groups , whereas lipoprotein ( a ) was transiently decreased at @ months only in the extended-cycle group .", "the changes reached a steady-state at latest at @ months , but did not exceed the given normal ranges for any of the parameters .", "notably , except for lipoprotein ( a ) , the changes in mean lipid levels were not significantly different in the conventional and the extended-cycle regimen at @ or @ months of treatment .", "use of ee/dng in conventional or extended-cycle regimen resulted in comparable changes of lipid parameters ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the effects of extended regimens of combined oral contraceptives ( coc ) on lipid parameters are largely unknown .', 'the present study compared the effects of a coc containing @ mcg ethinyl estradiol and @ mg dienogest ( ee/dng ) in conventional and extended-cycle regimen over @ year .', 'lipid parameters were measured in @ women treated with ee/dng either conventionally ( @ +@ days ) or in extended-cycle regimen ( @ +@ days ) .', 'blood samples were taken in a control cycle and at @ and @ months of treatment .', 'the mean levels of total cholesterol , hdl cholesterol and hdl ( @ ) cholesterol underwent modest to moderate significant increases over time , while the significant increase in triglycerides and vldl cholesterol was more pronounced with both regimens .', 'ldl cholesterol decreased slightly in both regimen groups , whereas lipoprotein ( a ) was transiently decreased at @ months only in the extended-cycle group .', 'the changes reached a steady-state at latest at @ months , but did not exceed the given normal ranges for any of the parameters .', 'notably , except for lipoprotein ( a ) , the changes in mean lipid levels were not significantly different in the conventional and the extended-cycle regimen at @ or @ months of treatment .', 'use of ee/dng in conventional or extended-cycle regimen resulted in comparable changes of lipid parameters .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the mitroflow valve ( sorin group , milan , italy ) has been in use since @ and has shown long-term durability in large studies from european centers but has not been studied for long-term hemodynamics in large standardized multicenter trials .", "this study sought to assess the hemodynamics of the mitroflow valve by extending the duration of follow-up in an ongoing prospective multicenter trial conducted in north america .", "six sites participated in this midterm study requiring annual follow-up and echocardiographic evaluation using a standardized transthoracic echocardiography acquisition protocol .", "there were @ patients enrolled ( age @ years ) and @ % were in new york heart association ( nyha ) functional class iii-iv .", "follow-up from the time of valve implantation had a mean of @ years with a cumulative follow-up of @,@ patient-years .", "at @ years of follow-up , @ % of patients were free of moderate or severe aortic regurgitation and @ % were in nyha functional class i or ii .", "between baseline and @ years , mean gradients increased an average of @ to @ mm hg .", "the change in effective orifice area was appreciably small ( -@ to -@ cm@ ) after @ years .", "there were @ deaths ( @ early and @ late ) and @ valve explants .", "the mitroflow valve implanted in the aortic position has shown to be hemodynamically stable over a @-year follow-up in an elderly population with a high prevalence of comorbid conditions ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the mitroflow valve ( sorin group , milan , italy ) has been in use since @ and has shown long-term durability in large studies from european centers but has not been studied for long-term hemodynamics in large standardized multicenter trials .', 'this study sought to assess the hemodynamics of the mitroflow valve by extending the duration of follow-up in an ongoing prospective multicenter trial conducted in north america .', 'six sites participated in this midterm study requiring annual follow-up and echocardiographic evaluation using a standardized transthoracic echocardiography acquisition protocol .', 'there were @ patients enrolled ( age @ years ) and @ % were in new york heart association ( nyha ) functional class iii-iv .', 'follow-up from the time of valve implantation had a mean of @ years with a cumulative follow-up of @,@ patient-years .', 'at @ years of follow-up , @ % of patients were free of moderate or severe aortic regurgitation and @ % were in nyha functional class i or ii .', 'between baseline and @ years , mean gradients increased an average of @ to @ mm hg .', 'the change in effective orifice area was appreciably small ( -@ to -@ cm@ ) after @ years .', 'there were @ deaths ( @ early and @ late ) and @ valve explants .', 'the mitroflow valve implanted in the aortic position has shown to be hemodynamically stable over a @-year follow-up in an elderly population with a high prevalence of comorbid conditions .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "decreased fat intake with weight loss and increased exercise may reduce the risk of diabetes mellitus in persons with impaired glucose tolerance .", "this study was undertaken to assess the effects of a low-fat dietary pattern on incidence of treated diabetes among generally healthy postmenopausal women .", "a randomized controlled trial was conducted at @ us clinical centers from @ to @ , including @,@ postmenopausal women aged @ to @ years .", "women were randomly assigned to a usual-diet comparison group ( n = @,@ [ @ % ] ) or an intervention group with a @ % low-fat dietary pattern with increased vegetables , fruits , and grains ( n = @,@ [ @ % ] ) .", "self-reported incident diabetes treated with oral agents or insulin was assessed .", "incident treated diabetes was reported by @ intervention participants ( @ % ) and @ comparison participants ( @ % ) ( hazard ratio , @ ; @ % confidence interval , @-@ @ ; p = @ ) .", "weight loss occurred in the intervention group , with a difference between intervention and comparison groups of @ kg after @ years ( p < @ ) .", "subgroup analysis suggested that greater decreases in percentage of energy from total fat reduced diabetes risk ( p for trend = @ ) , which was not statistically significant after adjusting for weight loss .", "a low-fat dietary pattern among generally healthy postmenopausal women showed no evidence of reducing diabetes risk after @ years .", "trends toward reduced incidence were greater with greater decreases in total fat intake and weight loss .", "weight loss , rather than macronutrient composition , may be the dominant predictor of reduced risk of diabetes ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['decreased fat intake with weight loss and increased exercise may reduce the risk of diabetes mellitus in persons with impaired glucose tolerance .', 'this study was undertaken to assess the effects of a low-fat dietary pattern on incidence of treated diabetes among generally healthy postmenopausal women .', 'a randomized controlled trial was conducted at @ us clinical centers from @ to @ , including @,@ postmenopausal women aged @ to @ years .', 'women were randomly assigned to a usual-diet comparison group ( n = @,@ [ @ % ] ) or an intervention group with a @ % low-fat dietary pattern with increased vegetables , fruits , and grains ( n = @,@ [ @ % ] ) .', 'self-reported incident diabetes treated with oral agents or insulin was assessed .', 'incident treated diabetes was reported by @ intervention participants ( @ % ) and @ comparison participants ( @ % ) ( hazard ratio , @ ; @ % confidence interval , @-@ @ ; p = @ ) .', 'weight loss occurred in the intervention group , with a difference between intervention and comparison groups of @ kg after @ years ( p < @ ) .', 'subgroup analysis suggested that greater decreases in percentage of energy from total fat reduced diabetes risk ( p for trend = @ ) , which was not statistically significant after adjusting for weight loss .', 'a low-fat dietary pattern among generally healthy postmenopausal women showed no evidence of reducing diabetes risk after @ years .', 'trends toward reduced incidence were greater with greater decreases in total fat intake and weight loss .', 'weight loss , rather than macronutrient composition , may be the dominant predictor of reduced risk of diabetes .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "newer nsaids that more selectively target the induced isoform of the cyclooxygenase enzyme ( cox@ ) activity might reduce adverse effects while preserving therapeutic benefits of these drugs .", "to compare the effect of oral administration of multiple dose rates of meloxicam and phenylbutazone ( pbz ) on gastric mucosal integrity in horses .", "twenty-five light breed horses .", "in vivo toxicity study .", "horses were randomly assigned to @ treatment groups , receiving placebo , pbz ( @ mg/kg po q@h day @ , @ mg/kg po q@h for @ days , @ mg/kg po q@h for @ days ) , or @ dose rates of meloxicam ( @ mg/kg q@h , @ mg/kg q@h , @ mg/kg q@h ) for @ days .", "sucrose permeability testing was performed on day @ ( before treatment ) and on day @ .", "all personnel involved with data collection or analysis were blinded to treatment .", "administration of pbz at the above dose rate significantly increased gastric permeability to sucrose , evidenced by increased peak serum sucrose concentrations ( @-@ ,@ pg/l , p = @ ) after treatment .", "similar changes were not evident after administration of meloxicam at any dose rate tested , or in control horses ( p > @ ) .", "treatment was not associated with significant differences in ulceration of the squamous or glandular mucosa .", "peak sucrose concentrations were not correlated with serum total protein or albumin concentrations ( r ( @ ) = -@ , p = @ , r ( @ ) = -@ , p = @ , respectively ) .", "these results suggest that pbz was associated with greater compromise to gastric mucosal integrity than meloxicam ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['newer nsaids that more selectively target the induced isoform of the cyclooxygenase enzyme ( cox@ ) activity might reduce adverse effects while preserving therapeutic benefits of these drugs .', 'to compare the effect of oral administration of multiple dose rates of meloxicam and phenylbutazone ( pbz ) on gastric mucosal integrity in horses .', 'twenty-five light breed horses .', 'in vivo toxicity study .', 'horses were randomly assigned to @ treatment groups , receiving placebo , pbz ( @ mg/kg po q@h day @ , @ mg/kg po q@h for @ days , @ mg/kg po q@h for @ days ) , or @ dose rates of meloxicam ( @ mg/kg q@h , @ mg/kg q@h , @ mg/kg q@h ) for @ days .', 'sucrose permeability testing was performed on day @ ( before treatment ) and on day @ .', 'all personnel involved with data collection or analysis were blinded to treatment .', 'administration of pbz at the above dose rate significantly increased gastric permeability to sucrose , evidenced by increased peak serum sucrose concentrations ( @-@ ,@ pg/l , p = @ ) after treatment .', 'similar changes were not evident after administration of meloxicam at any dose rate tested , or in control horses ( p > @ ) .', 'treatment was not associated with significant differences in ulceration of the squamous or glandular mucosa .', 'peak sucrose concentrations were not correlated with serum total protein or albumin concentrations ( r ( @ ) = -@ , p = @ , r ( @ ) = -@ , p = @ , respectively ) .', 'these results suggest that pbz was associated with greater compromise to gastric mucosal integrity than meloxicam .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "radiofrequency ablation ( rfa ) has become an accepted therapy for atrial fibrillation ( af ) .", "the objective of this study was to perform an economic evaluation of rfa versus antiarrhythmic drug therapy ( aad ) as first-line treatment of symptomatic paroxysmal af .", "to estimate and compare the costs of rfa versus aad , a decision analytic model was developed using data on af recurrence , hospitalization rates , aad use , and treatment crossover rates derived directly from the randomized trial of rfa versus aad as first-line treatment of symptomatic atrial fibrillation ( raaft ) .", "resource utilization was modeled to reflect canadian clinical practice in af management .", "unit costs of healthcare interactions were based on available canadian government resources and published literature .", "costs were assessed based on intention-to-treat .", "total expected costs were computed to include initial treatment , hospital stay , physician fees , diagnostic tests , and outpatient visits .", "sensitivity analyses were performed to account for the uncertainties .", "the study was conducted from the third party payer 's perspective and costs are reported in @ canadian dollars with @ % discount rate used in the analysis .", "during the @-month blanking period following therapy selection , total average costs for rfa and aad were $ @,@ and $ @,@ , respectively ; at @-year follow-up , these were $ @,@ and $ @,@ ; and total @-year cumulative total average costs were $ @,@ and $ @,@ .", "sensitivity analyses did not alter the results , suggesting the model is robust .", "rfa as first-line treatment strategy in patients with symptomatic paroxysmal af was cost neutral @ years after the initial procedure compared to aad ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['radiofrequency ablation ( rfa ) has become an accepted therapy for atrial fibrillation ( af ) .', 'the objective of this study was to perform an economic evaluation of rfa versus antiarrhythmic drug therapy ( aad ) as first-line treatment of symptomatic paroxysmal af .', 'to estimate and compare the costs of rfa versus aad , a decision analytic model was developed using data on af recurrence , hospitalization rates , aad use , and treatment crossover rates derived directly from the randomized trial of rfa versus aad as first-line treatment of symptomatic atrial fibrillation ( raaft ) .', 'resource utilization was modeled to reflect canadian clinical practice in af management .', 'unit costs of healthcare interactions were based on available canadian government resources and published literature .', 'costs were assessed based on intention-to-treat .', 'total expected costs were computed to include initial treatment , hospital stay , physician fees , diagnostic tests , and outpatient visits .', 'sensitivity analyses were performed to account for the uncertainties .', \"the study was conducted from the third party payer 's perspective and costs are reported in @ canadian dollars with @ % discount rate used in the analysis .\", 'during the @-month blanking period following therapy selection , total average costs for rfa and aad were $ @,@ and $ @,@ , respectively ; at @-year follow-up , these were $ @,@ and $ @,@ ; and total @-year cumulative total average costs were $ @,@ and $ @,@ .', 'sensitivity analyses did not alter the results , suggesting the model is robust .', 'rfa as first-line treatment strategy in patients with symptomatic paroxysmal af was cost neutral @ years after the initial procedure compared to aad .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "a lipid emulsion composed of soybean oil ( long-chain triglycerides , lct ) , medium-chain triglycerides ( mct ) and n-@ poly-unsaturated fatty acids ( pufas ) was evaluated for immune-modulation efficacy , safety , and tolerance in patients undergoing major surgery for gastric and colorectal cancer .", "in a prospective , randomized , double-blind study , @ patients with gastric and colorectal cancer receiving elective surgery were recruited and randomly assigned to either the study group , receiving the n-@ pufas enriched intravenous fat emulsion ( ivfe ) , or the control group , receiving a lipid emulsion comprised of soybean oil and mcts ( @ - @gkg-@day-@ ) as part of total parenteral nutrition ( tpn ) regimen from surgery ( day -@ ) up to post-operative day @ .", "safety and efficacy parameters were assessed on day -@ and post-operative visits on day @ , @ , and @ .", "adverse events were documented daily and compared between the groups .", "pro-inflammatory markers , laboratory parameters , and adverse events did not differ prominently between the @ groups , with the exception of net changes ( day @ minus day -@ ) of free fatty acids ( ffas ) , triglyceride , and high-density lipoprotein ( hdl ) .", "net decrease of ffas was remarkably higher in the study group , while the net increase of triglyceride and decrease of hdl was significantly lower .", "the n-@ pufa-enriched ivfe showed improvements in lipid metabolism .", "in respect of efficacy , safety and tolerance both ivfe were comparable .", "in patients with severe stress , there is an inflammation-attenuating effect of n-@ pufas .", "further , adequately powered clinical trials will be necessary to address this question in postsurgical gi cancer patients .", "us clinicaltrials.gov nct@ ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['a lipid emulsion composed of soybean oil ( long-chain triglycerides , lct ) , medium-chain triglycerides ( mct ) and n-@ poly-unsaturated fatty acids ( pufas ) was evaluated for immune-modulation efficacy , safety , and tolerance in patients undergoing major surgery for gastric and colorectal cancer .', 'in a prospective , randomized , double-blind study , @ patients with gastric and colorectal cancer receiving elective surgery were recruited and randomly assigned to either the study group , receiving the n-@ pufas enriched intravenous fat emulsion ( ivfe ) , or the control group , receiving a lipid emulsion comprised of soybean oil and mcts ( @ - @gkg-@day-@ ) as part of total parenteral nutrition ( tpn ) regimen from surgery ( day -@ ) up to post-operative day @ .', 'safety and efficacy parameters were assessed on day -@ and post-operative visits on day @ , @ , and @ .', 'adverse events were documented daily and compared between the groups .', 'pro-inflammatory markers , laboratory parameters , and adverse events did not differ prominently between the @ groups , with the exception of net changes ( day @ minus day -@ ) of free fatty acids ( ffas ) , triglyceride , and high-density lipoprotein ( hdl ) .', 'net decrease of ffas was remarkably higher in the study group , while the net increase of triglyceride and decrease of hdl was significantly lower .', 'the n-@ pufa-enriched ivfe showed improvements in lipid metabolism .', 'in respect of efficacy , safety and tolerance both ivfe were comparable .', 'in patients with severe stress , there is an inflammation-attenuating effect of n-@ pufas .', 'further , adequately powered clinical trials will be necessary to address this question in postsurgical gi cancer patients .', 'us clinicaltrials.gov nct@ .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'BACKGROUND']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "hydroxy-methyl-glutaryl co-enzyme a reductase inhibitors ( hmg coa ris ) markedly improve the lipid profile of patients with hypercholesterolemia , but the magnitude and time course of the effect of these drugs on other risk factors for atherosclerosis are not well defined .", "we employed a random assignment , double-blind design to compare the effect of @ weeks of hmg coa ri therapy with either pravastatin ( @ mg qd ; n = @ ) or simvastatin ( @ mg qd ; n = @ ) with placebo ( n = @ ) on serum lipids , platelet thrombus formation ( ptf ) , and markers of inflammation and thrombosis in patients with coronary artery disease .", "ptf was measured using a validated ex vivo perfusion chamber system .", "total and ldl cholesterol decreased @ + / - @ % and @ + / - @ % in the hmg coa ri group and were unchanged with placebo ( p < @ ) .", "triglycerides also decreased @ + / - @ % with hmg coa ri therapy , but increased @ + / - @ % with placebo ( p = @ ) .", "ptf increased @ + / - @ % with placebo and decreased @ + / - @ % with hmg coa ri treatment ( p < @ ) .", "hmg coa ri therapy with pravastatin or simvastatin reduces ptf after only @ weeks of therapy .", "such lipid effects may contribute to the prompt reduction in cardiovascular events noted in some clinical trials ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['hydroxy-methyl-glutaryl co-enzyme a reductase inhibitors ( hmg coa ris ) markedly improve the lipid profile of patients with hypercholesterolemia , but the magnitude and time course of the effect of these drugs on other risk factors for atherosclerosis are not well defined .', 'we employed a random assignment , double-blind design to compare the effect of @ weeks of hmg coa ri therapy with either pravastatin ( @ mg qd ; n = @ ) or simvastatin ( @ mg qd ; n = @ ) with placebo ( n = @ ) on serum lipids , platelet thrombus formation ( ptf ) , and markers of inflammation and thrombosis in patients with coronary artery disease .', 'ptf was measured using a validated ex vivo perfusion chamber system .', 'total and ldl cholesterol decreased @ + / - @ % and @ + / - @ % in the hmg coa ri group and were unchanged with placebo ( p < @ ) .', 'triglycerides also decreased @ + / - @ % with hmg coa ri therapy , but increased @ + / - @ % with placebo ( p = @ ) .', 'ptf increased @ + / - @ % with placebo and decreased @ + / - @ % with hmg coa ri treatment ( p < @ ) .', 'hmg coa ri therapy with pravastatin or simvastatin reduces ptf after only @ weeks of therapy .', 'such lipid effects may contribute to the prompt reduction in cardiovascular events noted in some clinical trials .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to observe differences of therapeutic effect between acupuncture combined with bloodletting and regular western medication on chronic urticarial .", "one hundred and sixty patients were randomly divided into an acupuncture bloodletting group and a loratadine group , @ cases in each group .", "in the acupuncture bloodletting group , quchi ( li @ ) , neiguan ( pc @ ) , xuehai ( sp @ ) and sanyinjiao ( sp @ ) were selected and manipulated with reducing method , and pricking bloodletting with three-edge needle and cupping were given at feishu ( bl @ ) and geshu ( bl @ ) , once every other day .", "the oral administration of @ mg loratadine was applied in the loratadine group , once a day .", "the therapeutic effect in two groups was observed and compared after four weeks .", "the cured and markedly effective rate was @ % ( @/@ ) in the acupuncture bloodletting group , which was similar to @ % ( @/@ ) in the loratadine group ( p > @ ) .", "the scores of symptom-sign in the two groups were reduced after treatment ( @ + / - @ vs @ + / - @ , @ + / - @ vs @ + / - @ , both p < @ ) , but there was no statistically significant difference between two groups after treatment ( p > @ ) .", "there was no obvious adverse effect in the acupuncture bloodletting group while @ cases of mild somnolence were reported in the loratadine group .", "the acupuncture bloodletting is an effective method for chronic urticarial , which has similar effect to loratadine without adverse effect ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to observe differences of therapeutic effect between acupuncture combined with bloodletting and regular western medication on chronic urticarial .', 'one hundred and sixty patients were randomly divided into an acupuncture bloodletting group and a loratadine group , @ cases in each group .', 'in the acupuncture bloodletting group , quchi ( li @ ) , neiguan ( pc @ ) , xuehai ( sp @ ) and sanyinjiao ( sp @ ) were selected and manipulated with reducing method , and pricking bloodletting with three-edge needle and cupping were given at feishu ( bl @ ) and geshu ( bl @ ) , once every other day .', 'the oral administration of @ mg loratadine was applied in the loratadine group , once a day .', 'the therapeutic effect in two groups was observed and compared after four weeks .', 'the cured and markedly effective rate was @ % ( @/@ ) in the acupuncture bloodletting group , which was similar to @ % ( @/@ ) in the loratadine group ( p > @ ) .', 'the scores of symptom-sign in the two groups were reduced after treatment ( @ + / - @ vs @ + / - @ , @ + / - @ vs @ + / - @ , both p < @ ) , but there was no statistically significant difference between two groups after treatment ( p > @ ) .', 'there was no obvious adverse effect in the acupuncture bloodletting group while @ cases of mild somnolence were reported in the loratadine group .', 'the acupuncture bloodletting is an effective method for chronic urticarial , which has similar effect to loratadine without adverse effect .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "though the greatest proportion of irritable bowel syndrome ( ibs ) patients report a mixed bowel pattern ( ibs-mixed ) , no available therapies have been rigorously evaluated in this subgroup .", "this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the @-ht ( @ ) agonist tegaserod in women with ibs-mixed and ibs with constipation ( ibs-c ) .", "this prospective , double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled , multicenter study was conducted in @ centers in north america , south america , and europe .", "women with ibs-mixed or ibs-c received tegaserod @ mg or placebo twice daily .", "the primary efficacy variable was the patient 's assessment of satisfactory relief over the @-wk treatment period .", "the proportion of patients reporting satisfactory relief for > / = @ of @ treatment weeks ( @ % rule ) and individual ibs symptoms were assessed .", "in total , @ women were randomized ( ibs-mixed @ , ibs-c @ ) .", "baseline symptom assessments identified clear differences between the two cohorts .", "tegaserod provided significant improvement in satisfactory relief of ibs symptoms over @ wk ( or @ , @ % ci @-@ @ , p < @ ) in both ibs-mixed and ibs-c patients .", "using the @ % rule , @ % of tegaserod-receiving ibs-m patients and @ % of ibs-c patients were responders ( vs @ , or @ , @ % ci @-@ @ , p < @ ; and @ , or @ , @ % ci @-@ @ , p < @ for placebo , respectively ) .", "the most frequent adverse events leading to study discontinuation in tegaserod-treated patients were diarrhea ( @ % ) and abdominal pain ( @ % ) .", "overall @ % of ibs-c patients reported diarrhea compared to @ % of ibs-mixed ( placebo @ % , @ % , respectively ) .", "tegaserod is effective in treating overall ibs symptoms in patients with ibs-mixed and ibs-c ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['though the greatest proportion of irritable bowel syndrome ( ibs ) patients report a mixed bowel pattern ( ibs-mixed ) , no available therapies have been rigorously evaluated in this subgroup .', 'this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the @-ht ( @ ) agonist tegaserod in women with ibs-mixed and ibs with constipation ( ibs-c ) .', 'this prospective , double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled , multicenter study was conducted in @ centers in north america , south america , and europe .', 'women with ibs-mixed or ibs-c received tegaserod @ mg or placebo twice daily .', \"the primary efficacy variable was the patient 's assessment of satisfactory relief over the @-wk treatment period .\", 'the proportion of patients reporting satisfactory relief for > / = @ of @ treatment weeks ( @ % rule ) and individual ibs symptoms were assessed .', 'in total , @ women were randomized ( ibs-mixed @ , ibs-c @ ) .', 'baseline symptom assessments identified clear differences between the two cohorts .', 'tegaserod provided significant improvement in satisfactory relief of ibs symptoms over @ wk ( or @ , @ % ci @-@ @ , p < @ ) in both ibs-mixed and ibs-c patients .', 'using the @ % rule , @ % of tegaserod-receiving ibs-m patients and @ % of ibs-c patients were responders ( vs @ , or @ , @ % ci @-@ @ , p < @ ; and @ , or @ , @ % ci @-@ @ , p < @ for placebo , respectively ) .', 'the most frequent adverse events leading to study discontinuation in tegaserod-treated patients were diarrhea ( @ % ) and abdominal pain ( @ % ) .', 'overall @ % of ibs-c patients reported diarrhea compared to @ % of ibs-mixed ( placebo @ % , @ % , respectively ) .', 'tegaserod is effective in treating overall ibs symptoms in patients with ibs-mixed and ibs-c .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the vascular effects of local anesthetics are important determinants of their therapeutic activity .", "drugs that vasoconstrict have the potential clinical advantages of limited systemic uptake and prolonged duration of effect .", "the aim of this study was to assess quantitatively the cutaneous vasoactivity of racemic bupivacaine and one of its enantiomers , levobupivacaine .", "four concentrations of each drug ( @ ml each of @ % , @ % , @ % , and @ % ) , as well as normal saline , were injected intradermally into randomly assigned sites on the forearms of @ volunteers .", "we measured skin blood perfusion using laser doppler imaging before injection and at @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , and @ minutes thereafter .", "both drugs produced a rapid , dose-dependent increase in skin perfusion ( p < @ ) .", "saline also caused an increase in perfusion , although less sustained .", "by @ minutes , most responses had returned to baseline levels .", "however , after this time , perfusion continued to decrease , below baseline , for both bupivacaine and levobupivacaine .", "the exception to this was @ % bupivacaine , the response to which was significantly higher than the same concentration of levobupivacaine over this later period ( p < @ ) .", "bupivacaine and levobupivacaine both have a biphasic effect on skin microvessels .", "the vasoconstriction observed after @ minutes may occur when the quantity of drug remaining at the administration site has decreased to a lower level .", "the continued vasodilatation caused by bupivacaine is more difficult to interpret .", "the results suggest that these local anesthetics cause vasodilatation at high doses and vasoconstriction at lower , subclinical doses .", "this hypothesis and the clinical relevance of these effects warrant further investigation ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the vascular effects of local anesthetics are important determinants of their therapeutic activity .', 'drugs that vasoconstrict have the potential clinical advantages of limited systemic uptake and prolonged duration of effect .', 'the aim of this study was to assess quantitatively the cutaneous vasoactivity of racemic bupivacaine and one of its enantiomers , levobupivacaine .', 'four concentrations of each drug ( @ ml each of @ % , @ % , @ % , and @ % ) , as well as normal saline , were injected intradermally into randomly assigned sites on the forearms of @ volunteers .', 'we measured skin blood perfusion using laser doppler imaging before injection and at @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , and @ minutes thereafter .', 'both drugs produced a rapid , dose-dependent increase in skin perfusion ( p < @ ) .', 'saline also caused an increase in perfusion , although less sustained .', 'by @ minutes , most responses had returned to baseline levels .', 'however , after this time , perfusion continued to decrease , below baseline , for both bupivacaine and levobupivacaine .', 'the exception to this was @ % bupivacaine , the response to which was significantly higher than the same concentration of levobupivacaine over this later period ( p < @ ) .', 'bupivacaine and levobupivacaine both have a biphasic effect on skin microvessels .', 'the vasoconstriction observed after @ minutes may occur when the quantity of drug remaining at the administration site has decreased to a lower level .', 'the continued vasodilatation caused by bupivacaine is more difficult to interpret .', 'the results suggest that these local anesthetics cause vasodilatation at high doses and vasoconstriction at lower , subclinical doses .', 'this hypothesis and the clinical relevance of these effects warrant further investigation .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "although incentive spirometry ( is ) is frequently used to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications , its efficacy in patients with copd has not been documented .", "the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of is on pulmonary function tests , arterial blood gases , dyspnoea and health-related quality of life in patients hospitalized for copd .", "a total of @ consecutive patients ( mean age , @ + / - @ years ; @ males ) admitted for copd exacerbations were recruited for the study .", "in total , @ ( is treatment group ) used is for @ months , together with medical treatment .", "the remaining @ ( medical treatment group ) were given only medical treatment .", "pulmonary function and blood gases were measured .", "assessment of dyspnoea by visual analogue scale ( vas ) and quality of life using the st. george 's respiratory questionnaire ( sgrq ) were performed at admission and after @ months of treatment .", "the activity , impact and total scores for the sgrq improved ( all p < or = @ ) , paco@ values decreased ( p = @ ) , pao@ and pao@ values increased ( p = @ and p = @ , respectively ) in the is treatment group .", "however , there were no significant differences between the measurements made pretreatment and after @ months of medical therapy in the medical treatment group , with regards to pulmonary function , blood gases , sgrq scores and vas .", "the use of is appears to improve arterial blood gases and health-related quality of life in patients with copd exacerbations , although it does not alter pulmonary function parameters ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['although incentive spirometry ( is ) is frequently used to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications , its efficacy in patients with copd has not been documented .', 'the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of is on pulmonary function tests , arterial blood gases , dyspnoea and health-related quality of life in patients hospitalized for copd .', 'a total of @ consecutive patients ( mean age , @ + / - @ years ; @ males ) admitted for copd exacerbations were recruited for the study .', 'in total , @ ( is treatment group ) used is for @ months , together with medical treatment .', 'the remaining @ ( medical treatment group ) were given only medical treatment .', 'pulmonary function and blood gases were measured .', \"assessment of dyspnoea by visual analogue scale ( vas ) and quality of life using the st. george 's respiratory questionnaire ( sgrq ) were performed at admission and after @ months of treatment .\", 'the activity , impact and total scores for the sgrq improved ( all p < or = @ ) , paco@ values decreased ( p = @ ) , pao@ and pao@ values increased ( p = @ and p = @ , respectively ) in the is treatment group .', 'however , there were no significant differences between the measurements made pretreatment and after @ months of medical therapy in the medical treatment group , with regards to pulmonary function , blood gases , sgrq scores and vas .', 'the use of is appears to improve arterial blood gases and health-related quality of life in patients with copd exacerbations , although it does not alter pulmonary function parameters .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "pain following tonsillectomy is often intense .", "nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids are effective , but both can cause adverse effects .", "tramadol may be a viable alternative for post-tonsillectomy pain .", "this study was designed to compare the analgesic effects of ketoprofen and tramadol during the early recovery period after tonsillectomy .", "forty-five asa class i children ( @-@ years ) were randomized to receive either saline , ketoprofen ( @ mg.kg ( -@ ) ) or tramadol ( @ mg.kg ( -@ ) ) after induction of anesthesia .", "upon completion of surgery , the study treatment was continued as a @ h intravenous ( i.v. ) infusion of another dose of saline , ketoprofen ( @ mg.kg ( -@ ) ) or tramadol ( @ mg.kg ( -@ ) ) .", "postoperatively , each patient received rescue analgesia with patient-controlled analgesia ( pca ) device programmed to deliver @ microg.kg ( -@ ) bolus doses of fentanyl .", "postoperative pain was assessed using visual analog scale ( vas ) during swallowing .", "intraoperative blood loss was measured .", "the total number of requests of pca-fentanyl was significantly less in ketoprofen group compared with tramadol and placebo groups ( p = @ and p = @ , respectively , in pairwise comparisons ) and the vas scores for pain were significantly lower in ketoprofen group compared with tramadol ( p = @ ) or placebo groups ( p = @ ) during the first six postoperative hours .", "measured intraoperative blood loss was greater in ketoprofen-treated patients than in those receiving placebo ( p = @ ) .", "a dose of @ mg.kg ( -@ ) of i.v. ketoprofen provided good pain relief with moderate supplemental pca-fentanyl requirements during the first six postoperative hours after tonsillectomy in children whereas the effects of @ mg.kg ( -@ ) of i.v. tramadol did not differ from those of placebo ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['pain following tonsillectomy is often intense .', 'nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids are effective , but both can cause adverse effects .', 'tramadol may be a viable alternative for post-tonsillectomy pain .', 'this study was designed to compare the analgesic effects of ketoprofen and tramadol during the early recovery period after tonsillectomy .', 'forty-five asa class i children ( @-@ years ) were randomized to receive either saline , ketoprofen ( @ mg.kg ( -@ ) ) or tramadol ( @ mg.kg ( -@ ) ) after induction of anesthesia .', 'upon completion of surgery , the study treatment was continued as a @ h intravenous ( i.v. ) infusion of another dose of saline , ketoprofen ( @ mg.kg ( -@ ) ) or tramadol ( @ mg.kg ( -@ ) ) .', 'postoperatively , each patient received rescue analgesia with patient-controlled analgesia ( pca ) device programmed to deliver @ microg.kg ( -@ ) bolus doses of fentanyl .', 'postoperative pain was assessed using visual analog scale ( vas ) during swallowing .', 'intraoperative blood loss was measured .', 'the total number of requests of pca-fentanyl was significantly less in ketoprofen group compared with tramadol and placebo groups ( p = @ and p = @ , respectively , in pairwise comparisons ) and the vas scores for pain were significantly lower in ketoprofen group compared with tramadol ( p = @ ) or placebo groups ( p = @ ) during the first six postoperative hours .', 'measured intraoperative blood loss was greater in ketoprofen-treated patients than in those receiving placebo ( p = @ ) .', 'a dose of @ mg.kg ( -@ ) of i.v. ketoprofen provided good pain relief with moderate supplemental pca-fentanyl requirements during the first six postoperative hours after tonsillectomy in children whereas the effects of @ mg.kg ( -@ ) of i.v. tramadol did not differ from those of placebo .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]