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PranavHarshan

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[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the performance of three elastomeric materials for the open monophase implant impressions technique was tested under the following clinical conditions : polyether ( im ) and vinylsiloxanether without ( id ) and with additional simultaneous splinting of the implant impression copings with a higher shore hardness a-silicone ( idf ) .", "the three test groups , im , id , and idf , were randomly allocated @ test subjects with three to five implants each .", "the impressions were analyzed regarding the subjective clinical assessments with @-point rating scales by the dentist , the patient , and the dental technician , as well as to the comparison of these assessments with the objectified clinical fit of the manufactured crowns based on standard clinical evaluation criteria .", "the three groups were statistically analyzed on the basis of the hypothesis of non-inferiority of id versus im and idf versus im ( alpha < @ ) .", "the results of the study showed the objective clinical fit of the dental prostheses made using id being comparable to the results obtained with im .", "compared with id and im , the precision of fit attained with idf was reduced , although the subjective dentist assessments of idf were in parts significantly better than those of im and id ( p = @ ) .", "a statistically significant superiority of id in comparison with im could be determined with regard to the subjective ratings of the taste by the test subject ( p < @ ) , of the handling ( p < @ ) and of the precision details of impression ( p = @ ) by the dentist , and of removing the plaster model from the mold by the dental technician ( p = @ ) .", "the overall results of the vinylsiloxanether material in terms of the patients ' , dentists ' , and dental technicians ' assessments proved to be equivalent or superior to those of the polyether material .", "the idf technique can not be recommended for this application ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the performance of three elastomeric materials for the open monophase implant impressions technique was tested under the following clinical conditions : polyether ( im ) and vinylsiloxanether without ( id ) and with additional simultaneous splinting of the implant impression copings with a higher shore hardness a-silicone ( idf ) .', 'the three test groups , im , id , and idf , were randomly allocated @ test subjects with three to five implants each .', 'the impressions were analyzed regarding the subjective clinical assessments with @-point rating scales by the dentist , the patient , and the dental technician , as well as to the comparison of these assessments with the objectified clinical fit of the manufactured crowns based on standard clinical evaluation criteria .', 'the three groups were statistically analyzed on the basis of the hypothesis of non-inferiority of id versus im and idf versus im ( alpha < @ ) .', 'the results of the study showed the objective clinical fit of the dental prostheses made using id being comparable to the results obtained with im .', 'compared with id and im , the precision of fit attained with idf was reduced , although the subjective dentist assessments of idf were in parts significantly better than those of im and id ( p = @ ) .', 'a statistically significant superiority of id in comparison with im could be determined with regard to the subjective ratings of the taste by the test subject ( p < @ ) , of the handling ( p < @ ) and of the precision details of impression ( p = @ ) by the dentist , and of removing the plaster model from the mold by the dental technician ( p = @ ) .', \"the overall results of the vinylsiloxanether material in terms of the patients ' , dentists ' , and dental technicians ' assessments proved to be equivalent or superior to those of the polyether material .\", 'the idf technique can not be recommended for this application .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "escitalopram is the single isomer responsible for the serotonin reuptake inhibition produced by the racemic antidepressant citalopram .", "the present randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , fixed-dose multicenter trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of escitalopram in the treatment of major depressive disorder .", "outpatients with an ongoing dsm-iv major depressive episode ( n = @ ) were randomly assigned to placebo , escitalopram , @ mg/day , escitalopram , @ mg/day , or citalopram , @ mg/day , and entered an @-week double-blind treatment period following a @-week single-blind placebo lead-in .", "clinical response was evaluated by the montgomery-asberg depression rating scale ( madrs ) , the @-item hamilton rating scale for depression ( ham-d ) , the clinical global impressions ( cgi ) scales , the hamilton rating scale for anxiety ( ham-a ) , and patient-rated quality-of-life scales .", "escitalopram , at both doses , produced significant improvement at study endpoint relative to placebo on all measures of depression ; significant separation of escitalopram from placebo was observed within i week of double-blind treatment .", "citalopram treatment also significantly improved depressive symptomatology compared with placebo ; however , escitalopram , @ mg/day , was at least as effective as citalopram , @ mg/day , at endpoint .", "anxiety symptoms and quality of life were also significantly improved by escitalopram compared with placebo .", "the incidence of discontinuations due to adverse events for the escitalopram @ mg/day group was not different from the placebo group ( @ % vs. @ % ; p = @ ) , and not different for the escitalopram @ mg/day group and the citalopram @ mg/day group ( @ % vs. @ % ; p = @ ) .", "escitalopram , a single isomer ssri , is well-tolerated and has demonstrated antidepressant efficacy at a dose of @ mg/day ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['escitalopram is the single isomer responsible for the serotonin reuptake inhibition produced by the racemic antidepressant citalopram .', 'the present randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , fixed-dose multicenter trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of escitalopram in the treatment of major depressive disorder .', 'outpatients with an ongoing dsm-iv major depressive episode ( n = @ ) were randomly assigned to placebo , escitalopram , @ mg/day , escitalopram , @ mg/day , or citalopram , @ mg/day , and entered an @-week double-blind treatment period following a @-week single-blind placebo lead-in .', 'clinical response was evaluated by the montgomery-asberg depression rating scale ( madrs ) , the @-item hamilton rating scale for depression ( ham-d ) , the clinical global impressions ( cgi ) scales , the hamilton rating scale for anxiety ( ham-a ) , and patient-rated quality-of-life scales .', 'escitalopram , at both doses , produced significant improvement at study endpoint relative to placebo on all measures of depression ; significant separation of escitalopram from placebo was observed within i week of double-blind treatment .', 'citalopram treatment also significantly improved depressive symptomatology compared with placebo ; however , escitalopram , @ mg/day , was at least as effective as citalopram , @ mg/day , at endpoint .', 'anxiety symptoms and quality of life were also significantly improved by escitalopram compared with placebo .', 'the incidence of discontinuations due to adverse events for the escitalopram @ mg/day group was not different from the placebo group ( @ % vs. @ % ; p = @ ) , and not different for the escitalopram @ mg/day group and the citalopram @ mg/day group ( @ % vs. @ % ; p = @ ) .', 'escitalopram , a single isomer ssri , is well-tolerated and has demonstrated antidepressant efficacy at a dose of @ mg/day .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "we determine the impact of a single dose of a diuretic given to patients scheduled for flow rate recording on clinic waiting time and flow rate parameters , and whether such practice induces artifacts in recording independent of those inherent in repeat recordings .", "a total of @ volunteers with a mean age plus or minus standard deviation of @ + / - @ years with no known urological condition participated in an open label , crossover study .", "on @ separate occasions they came to the clinic for a flow rate recording , and were randomized to receive @ mg .", "furosemide upon arrival at the first or second visit .", "clinic waiting time , pre-void bladder volume , voided volume , maximum flow rate and other parameters were captured in a database and analyzed .", "independent of diuretic use an increase in voided volume and maximum flow rate ( @ to @ ml .", "per second ) was noted from the first to second visit .", "diuretic use independent of sequence induced an increase in voided volume and significant reduction in waiting time ( @ versus @ minutes , p < @ ) without affecting maximum flow rate ( @ versus @ ml .", "per second , p = @ ) .", "diuretic use on the second visit enhanced the learning effect on maximum flow rate , while first visit use negated the learning effect on the second visit .", "waiting time reduction was significant independent of sequence .", "the positive correlation between voided volume and maximum flow rate remained unchanged with or without the diuretic .", "repeat flow rate recordings are associated with a measurable learning effect leading to an increase in maximum flow rate .", "the use of @ mg .", "furosemide reduces waiting time without inducing additional artifacts or significant changes in flow rate parameters .", "this practice is recommended for busy offices or clinical research centers to enhance urine flow , patient satisfaction and ultimately compliance with care ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['we determine the impact of a single dose of a diuretic given to patients scheduled for flow rate recording on clinic waiting time and flow rate parameters , and whether such practice induces artifacts in recording independent of those inherent in repeat recordings .', 'a total of @ volunteers with a mean age plus or minus standard deviation of @ + / - @ years with no known urological condition participated in an open label , crossover study .', 'on @ separate occasions they came to the clinic for a flow rate recording , and were randomized to receive @ mg .', 'furosemide upon arrival at the first or second visit .', 'clinic waiting time , pre-void bladder volume , voided volume , maximum flow rate and other parameters were captured in a database and analyzed .', 'independent of diuretic use an increase in voided volume and maximum flow rate ( @ to @ ml .', 'per second ) was noted from the first to second visit .', 'diuretic use independent of sequence induced an increase in voided volume and significant reduction in waiting time ( @ versus @ minutes , p < @ ) without affecting maximum flow rate ( @ versus @ ml .', 'per second , p = @ ) .', 'diuretic use on the second visit enhanced the learning effect on maximum flow rate , while first visit use negated the learning effect on the second visit .', 'waiting time reduction was significant independent of sequence .', 'the positive correlation between voided volume and maximum flow rate remained unchanged with or without the diuretic .', 'repeat flow rate recordings are associated with a measurable learning effect leading to an increase in maximum flow rate .', 'the use of @ mg .', 'furosemide reduces waiting time without inducing additional artifacts or significant changes in flow rate parameters .', 'this practice is recommended for busy offices or clinical research centers to enhance urine flow , patient satisfaction and ultimately compliance with care .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "this study aimed at assessing the effects of a self-regulation-based brief physical activity program for patients suffering from unexplained chronic fatigue , the `` @-steps to control your fatigue program '' .", "a @-week randomized controlled trial was conducted .", "adult patients meeting the cdc criteria for idiopathic chronic fatigue were randomized to either the control condition ( standard care ) or the intervention condition ( @-steps ) .", "the @-steps was based on self-regulation principles and consisted of motivational interviewing and self-regulation skills training .", "all patients were assessed at baseline and post-treatment ( @ weeks ) for fatigue severity ( primary outcome ) and impact , physical activity ( leisure time physical activity , number of daily steps and personal activity goal progress ) , health-related quality of life , somatic distress and psychological distress ( depression and anxiety ) .", "ninety-one patients ( @ intervention and @ control patients ) received the allocated intervention .", "at post-treatment , statistical analysis revealed a significant difference for subjective experience of fatigue ( @ points ; g = @ ) in favour of the intervention group .", "mixed design ancovas showed a significant effect of the @-steps on fatigue severity , leisure time physical activity , personal activity goal progress and health-related quality of life .", "no significant effects were found for number of daily steps and somatic and psychological distress .", "the @-steps program has significant beneficial effects at post-treatment .", "this brief self-regulation-based intervention looks promising for the management of unexplained chronic fatigue .", "isrctn@ ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: [\"this study aimed at assessing the effects of a self-regulation-based brief physical activity program for patients suffering from unexplained chronic fatigue , the `` @-steps to control your fatigue program '' .\", 'a @-week randomized controlled trial was conducted .', 'adult patients meeting the cdc criteria for idiopathic chronic fatigue were randomized to either the control condition ( standard care ) or the intervention condition ( @-steps ) .', 'the @-steps was based on self-regulation principles and consisted of motivational interviewing and self-regulation skills training .', 'all patients were assessed at baseline and post-treatment ( @ weeks ) for fatigue severity ( primary outcome ) and impact , physical activity ( leisure time physical activity , number of daily steps and personal activity goal progress ) , health-related quality of life , somatic distress and psychological distress ( depression and anxiety ) .', 'ninety-one patients ( @ intervention and @ control patients ) received the allocated intervention .', 'at post-treatment , statistical analysis revealed a significant difference for subjective experience of fatigue ( @ points ; g = @ ) in favour of the intervention group .', 'mixed design ancovas showed a significant effect of the @-steps on fatigue severity , leisure time physical activity , personal activity goal progress and health-related quality of life .', 'no significant effects were found for number of daily steps and somatic and psychological distress .', 'the @-steps program has significant beneficial effects at post-treatment .', 'this brief self-regulation-based intervention looks promising for the management of unexplained chronic fatigue .', 'isrctn@ .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'BACKGROUND']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "advantages/disadvantages of continuous vs. discrete glucose monitoring are not well documented .", "compare glucose profiles from home meters vs. continuous sensors .", "randomized clinical trial conducted by the diabetes research in children network ( direcnet ) to assess the utility of the glucowatch g@ biographer .", "home glucose measurements .", "two hundred children ( age , @ to < @ yr ) with type @ diabetes .", "at baseline , subjects were asked to wear the continuous glucose monitoring system ( cgms ) sensor and perform meter tests at eight prespecified times of the day ( eight-point testing ) each for @ d ( @ d using both , @ d eight-point testing only , @ d cgms only ) .", "hemoglobin a@c was measured in a central laboratory .", "six-month hemoglobin a@c .", "this analysis looked at baseline glucose profiles/hemoglobin a@c .", "only @ % of subjects completed full eight-point testing for @ d , but median cgms use was @ h. mean glucose was lower when measured by the cgms compared with eight-point testing ( @ + / - @ vs. @ + / - @ mg/dl ; @ + / - @ vs. @ + / - @ mmol/liter ; p = @ ) , especially overnight ( @-@ h ; @ vs. @ mg/dl ; @ vs. @ mmol/liter ; p < @ ) .", "associations of hemoglobin a@c with mean glucose were similar for eight-point testing [ slope @ mg/dl per @ % ( @ mmol/liter ) ; correlation @ ; p < @ ] and cgms [ slope @ mg/dl per @ % ( @ mmol/liter ) ; correlation @ ; p < @ ] .", "postprandial excursions were lower for eight-point testing vs. cgms , especially after dinner ( mean excursion -@ vs. @ mg/dl ; -@ vs. @ mmol/liter ; p < @ ) .", "both methods gave similar mean glucose profiles and associations with hemoglobin a@c .", "advantages of the cgms were higher density of data and better detection of postprandial peaks .", "however , the cgms may overestimate the frequency of low glucose levels , especially overnight ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['advantages/disadvantages of continuous vs. discrete glucose monitoring are not well documented .', 'compare glucose profiles from home meters vs. continuous sensors .', 'randomized clinical trial conducted by the diabetes research in children network ( direcnet ) to assess the utility of the glucowatch g@ biographer .', 'home glucose measurements .', 'two hundred children ( age , @ to < @ yr ) with type @ diabetes .', 'at baseline , subjects were asked to wear the continuous glucose monitoring system ( cgms ) sensor and perform meter tests at eight prespecified times of the day ( eight-point testing ) each for @ d ( @ d using both , @ d eight-point testing only , @ d cgms only ) .', 'hemoglobin a@c was measured in a central laboratory .', 'six-month hemoglobin a@c .', 'this analysis looked at baseline glucose profiles/hemoglobin a@c .', 'only @ % of subjects completed full eight-point testing for @ d , but median cgms use was @ h. mean glucose was lower when measured by the cgms compared with eight-point testing ( @ + / - @ vs. @ + / - @ mg/dl ; @ + / - @ vs. @ + / - @ mmol/liter ; p = @ ) , especially overnight ( @-@ h ; @ vs. @ mg/dl ; @ vs. @ mmol/liter ; p < @ ) .', 'associations of hemoglobin a@c with mean glucose were similar for eight-point testing [ slope @ mg/dl per @ % ( @ mmol/liter ) ; correlation @ ; p < @ ] and cgms [ slope @ mg/dl per @ % ( @ mmol/liter ) ; correlation @ ; p < @ ] .', 'postprandial excursions were lower for eight-point testing vs. cgms , especially after dinner ( mean excursion -@ vs. @ mg/dl ; -@ vs. @ mmol/liter ; p < @ ) .', 'both methods gave similar mean glucose profiles and associations with hemoglobin a@c .', 'advantages of the cgms were higher density of data and better detection of postprandial peaks .', 'however , the cgms may overestimate the frequency of low glucose levels , especially overnight .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "mumps , a communicable , acute and previously well-controlled disease , has had recent and occasional resurgences in some areas .", "a randomized , double-blind , controlled and multistep phase i study of an f-genotype attenuated mumps vaccine produced in human diploid cells was conducted .", "a total of @ subjects were enrolled and divided into @ age groups : @-@ years , @-@ years , @-@ years and @-@ months .", "the groups were immunized with one injection per subject .", "three different doses of the f-genotype attenuated mumps vaccine , a ( @ @ logccid@ ) , b ( @ @ logccid@ ) and c ( @ @ logccid@ ) , as well as a placebo control and a positive control of a licensed a-genotype vaccine ( s@ strain ) were used .", "the safety and immunogenicity of this vaccine were compared with those of the controls .", "the safety evaluation suggested that mild adverse reactions were observed in all groups .", "no serious adverse event ( sae ) was reported throughout the trial .", "the immunogenicity test showed a similar seroconversion rate of the neutralizing and elisa antibody in the @ - to @-year-old and @ - to @-month-old groups compared with the seroconversion rate in the positive control .", "the gmt of the neutralizing anti-f-genotype virus antibodies in the vaccine groups was slightly higher than that in the positive control group .", "the f-genotype attenuated mumps vaccine evaluated in this clinical trial was demonstrated to be safe and have effective immunogenicity vs. control ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['mumps , a communicable , acute and previously well-controlled disease , has had recent and occasional resurgences in some areas .', 'a randomized , double-blind , controlled and multistep phase i study of an f-genotype attenuated mumps vaccine produced in human diploid cells was conducted .', 'a total of @ subjects were enrolled and divided into @ age groups : @-@ years , @-@ years , @-@ years and @-@ months .', 'the groups were immunized with one injection per subject .', 'three different doses of the f-genotype attenuated mumps vaccine , a ( @ @ logccid@ ) , b ( @ @ logccid@ ) and c ( @ @ logccid@ ) , as well as a placebo control and a positive control of a licensed a-genotype vaccine ( s@ strain ) were used .', 'the safety and immunogenicity of this vaccine were compared with those of the controls .', 'the safety evaluation suggested that mild adverse reactions were observed in all groups .', 'no serious adverse event ( sae ) was reported throughout the trial .', 'the immunogenicity test showed a similar seroconversion rate of the neutralizing and elisa antibody in the @ - to @-year-old and @ - to @-month-old groups compared with the seroconversion rate in the positive control .', 'the gmt of the neutralizing anti-f-genotype virus antibodies in the vaccine groups was slightly higher than that in the positive control group .', 'the f-genotype attenuated mumps vaccine evaluated in this clinical trial was demonstrated to be safe and have effective immunogenicity vs. control .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the recent u.s. multicenter randomized trial of fk@ versus cyclosporine ( csa ) demonstrated equivalent patient and graft survival in patients treated with fk@ and statistically fewer rejection episodes in the first year posttransplant .", "to determine if more effective posttransplant immunosuppression was associated with an increased risk of cytomegalovirus ( cmv ) or posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease ( ptld ) , we examined the incidence of these two opportunistic infections during @ years of follow-up .", "cmv infection occurred in @ ( @ % ) fk@ and @ ( @ % ) csa-treated patients .", "the incidence of cmv disease was @ % in fk@ and @ % in csa-treated recipients ; the most common site of cmv disease was the gastrointestinal tract .", "a multivariate analysis of several risk factors demonstrated that a cmv - recipient of a cmv + donor was at greatest risk for cmv infection .", "the incidence of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease was equal in the two treatment arms : six csa - and five fk@-treated recipients .", "the results of this study suggest that the superior efficacy of fk@ in the prevention of acute rejection was not associated with an increased risk of cmv or posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease compared with csa ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the recent u.s. multicenter randomized trial of fk@ versus cyclosporine ( csa ) demonstrated equivalent patient and graft survival in patients treated with fk@ and statistically fewer rejection episodes in the first year posttransplant .', 'to determine if more effective posttransplant immunosuppression was associated with an increased risk of cytomegalovirus ( cmv ) or posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease ( ptld ) , we examined the incidence of these two opportunistic infections during @ years of follow-up .', 'cmv infection occurred in @ ( @ % ) fk@ and @ ( @ % ) csa-treated patients .', 'the incidence of cmv disease was @ % in fk@ and @ % in csa-treated recipients ; the most common site of cmv disease was the gastrointestinal tract .', 'a multivariate analysis of several risk factors demonstrated that a cmv - recipient of a cmv + donor was at greatest risk for cmv infection .', 'the incidence of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease was equal in the two treatment arms : six csa - and five fk@-treated recipients .', 'the results of this study suggest that the superior efficacy of fk@ in the prevention of acute rejection was not associated with an increased risk of cmv or posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease compared with csa .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "ischemia-reperfusion ( ir ) injury causes tissue injury and endothelial dysfunction .", "there is evidence that oxidative stress plays an important role .", "we tested if ir-induced endothelial dysfunction could be prevented by administration of the antioxidant vitamin c. twenty-six healthy male subjects and eight male patients with peripheral arterial disease ( pad ) were enrolled in this randomised placebo-controlled study .", "forearm blood flow ( fbf ) measurements in response to the vasodilators acetylcholine ( ach ; endothelium-dependent agonist ) or nitroglycerin ( ntg ; endothelium-independent ) were performed before and after forearm ischemia for @ min .", "fbf responses were reassessed during reperfusion with intra-arterial co-administration of @ mg/min vitamin c or placebo .", "in six volunteers responses to the no-synthase inhibitor n-monomethyl-l-arginine ( l-nmma ) were also assessed before and after ischemia with and without vitamin c.", "ach-induced vasodilation was blunted in subjects receiving placebo after reperfusion ( p < @ versus baseline ) .", "administration of vitamin c completely prevented impaired responsiveness .", "ntg-induced vasodilation was not affected by reperfusion or vitamin c.", "this finding was consistent in patients with pad and impaired endothelial function , where local vitamin c infusion restored fbf reactivity to ach before and after ir injury ( p < @ versus baseline ) .", "again , ntg-induced vasodilation was not affected .", "blunted l-nmma responses seen during reperfusion could be completely reversed by vitamin c.", "our data indicate that ir-induced vascular injury can be prevented by administration of antioxidants ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['ischemia-reperfusion ( ir ) injury causes tissue injury and endothelial dysfunction .', 'there is evidence that oxidative stress plays an important role .', 'we tested if ir-induced endothelial dysfunction could be prevented by administration of the antioxidant vitamin c. twenty-six healthy male subjects and eight male patients with peripheral arterial disease ( pad ) were enrolled in this randomised placebo-controlled study .', 'forearm blood flow ( fbf ) measurements in response to the vasodilators acetylcholine ( ach ; endothelium-dependent agonist ) or nitroglycerin ( ntg ; endothelium-independent ) were performed before and after forearm ischemia for @ min .', 'fbf responses were reassessed during reperfusion with intra-arterial co-administration of @ mg/min vitamin c or placebo .', 'in six volunteers responses to the no-synthase inhibitor n-monomethyl-l-arginine ( l-nmma ) were also assessed before and after ischemia with and without vitamin c.', 'ach-induced vasodilation was blunted in subjects receiving placebo after reperfusion ( p < @ versus baseline ) .', 'administration of vitamin c completely prevented impaired responsiveness .', 'ntg-induced vasodilation was not affected by reperfusion or vitamin c.', 'this finding was consistent in patients with pad and impaired endothelial function , where local vitamin c infusion restored fbf reactivity to ach before and after ir injury ( p < @ versus baseline ) .', 'again , ntg-induced vasodilation was not affected .', 'blunted l-nmma responses seen during reperfusion could be completely reversed by vitamin c.', 'our data indicate that ir-induced vascular injury can be prevented by administration of antioxidants .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "a randomized trial was performed to assess the effect of spinal cord stimulation ( scs ) on detection and pain thresholds for pressure , warmth , and cold and on the extent of mechanical hyperalgesia in patients with chronic complex regional pain syndrome type i.", "fifty-four chronic complex regional pain syndrome type i patients were randomized to receive both scs and physical therapy ( scs+pt ; n = @ ) , or to receive only physical therapy ( pt ; n = @ ) .", "twenty-four scs+pt patients responded positively to trial stimulation and underwent scs implantation .", "during a @-month follow-up period , six quantitative sensory testing sessions were performed .", "the main analysis compared @ scs patients with @ nonimplanted patients -- one pt patient was excluded .", "scs showed no effect on detection thresholds for warmth and cold or on pain thresholds for any sensation .", "the pressure detection threshold initially increased by scs , but after @ months , pressure detection thresholds returned to normal .", "mechanical hyperalgesia , both dynamic and static , was reduced slightly with scs .", "although scs has previously been shown to cause a significant pain reduction in complex regional pain syndrome type i , the treatment has no long-term effect on detection and pain thresholds for pressure , warmth , or cold .", "the treatment seems to have only minimal influence on mechanical hyperalgesia ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['a randomized trial was performed to assess the effect of spinal cord stimulation ( scs ) on detection and pain thresholds for pressure , warmth , and cold and on the extent of mechanical hyperalgesia in patients with chronic complex regional pain syndrome type i.', 'fifty-four chronic complex regional pain syndrome type i patients were randomized to receive both scs and physical therapy ( scs+pt ; n = @ ) , or to receive only physical therapy ( pt ; n = @ ) .', 'twenty-four scs+pt patients responded positively to trial stimulation and underwent scs implantation .', 'during a @-month follow-up period , six quantitative sensory testing sessions were performed .', 'the main analysis compared @ scs patients with @ nonimplanted patients -- one pt patient was excluded .', 'scs showed no effect on detection thresholds for warmth and cold or on pain thresholds for any sensation .', 'the pressure detection threshold initially increased by scs , but after @ months , pressure detection thresholds returned to normal .', 'mechanical hyperalgesia , both dynamic and static , was reduced slightly with scs .', 'although scs has previously been shown to cause a significant pain reduction in complex regional pain syndrome type i , the treatment has no long-term effect on detection and pain thresholds for pressure , warmth , or cold .', 'the treatment seems to have only minimal influence on mechanical hyperalgesia .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "hypertrophic scar development after median sternotomy wound in cardiac surgery patients is quite common in surgical practice and becomes a major concern nowadays .", "to compare cosmetic outcome between different suture materials and different suture techniques for skin closure in median sternotomy wound .", "a randomized clinical trial was conducted in @ patients who underwent cardiac surgery in thammasat university hospital , thailand .", "in respect of the materials and the techniques used to suture the skin , the patients were randomly allocated to four groups .", "in group @ , the skin was closed with subcuticular running @-@ poliglecaprone @ ( monocryl ) .", "in group @ , the skin was closed with subcuticular running @-@ polydioxanone ( pds ) .", "in group @ , the skin was closed with subcuticular running @-@ poliglecaprone @ ( monocryl ) and running horizontal mattress @-@ nylon .", "in group @ , the skin was closed with subcuticular running @-@ polydioxanone ( pds ) and running horizontal mattress @-@ nylon .", "postoperative evaluation was performed at @ and @ weeks , @ and @ months follow-up visits .", "the scar was analyzed in three parts : upper , middle and lower one third of the sternal wound .", "the outcome measures for surgical wound were width , height and overall appearance of the scar using the vancouver scar scale ( vss ) .", "a linear visual analogue score ( vas ) was preformed to assess pain and itch .", "at @ months , there were no significant differences between @ groups ofpatients in every parameters ( width , height , vss , pain score and itch score ) at three different wound sites ( upper middle and lower ) .", "there was a statistically significant and progressive increase in scar stretching , height and total vssfrom top to bottom of the sternum with the same pattern in all groups ofpatients ( p < @ ) .", "at @ months , scar showed a statistically significant difference in width when compares to@ weeks and @ months ( p < o. @ ) .", "female had a statistically significant difference ofscar stretching at upper two third of the sternum ( p < @ ) .", "female scar width was approximately @folds greater than male patient .", "duringfollow-up in group @ , two patients died postoperatively due to multi-organ failure and one patient developed wound infection .", "there were no significant differences in cosmetic outcomes between different suture materials and different suture techniques ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['hypertrophic scar development after median sternotomy wound in cardiac surgery patients is quite common in surgical practice and becomes a major concern nowadays .', 'to compare cosmetic outcome between different suture materials and different suture techniques for skin closure in median sternotomy wound .', 'a randomized clinical trial was conducted in @ patients who underwent cardiac surgery in thammasat university hospital , thailand .', 'in respect of the materials and the techniques used to suture the skin , the patients were randomly allocated to four groups .', 'in group @ , the skin was closed with subcuticular running @-@ poliglecaprone @ ( monocryl ) .', 'in group @ , the skin was closed with subcuticular running @-@ polydioxanone ( pds ) .', 'in group @ , the skin was closed with subcuticular running @-@ poliglecaprone @ ( monocryl ) and running horizontal mattress @-@ nylon .', 'in group @ , the skin was closed with subcuticular running @-@ polydioxanone ( pds ) and running horizontal mattress @-@ nylon .', 'postoperative evaluation was performed at @ and @ weeks , @ and @ months follow-up visits .', 'the scar was analyzed in three parts : upper , middle and lower one third of the sternal wound .', 'the outcome measures for surgical wound were width , height and overall appearance of the scar using the vancouver scar scale ( vss ) .', 'a linear visual analogue score ( vas ) was preformed to assess pain and itch .', 'at @ months , there were no significant differences between @ groups ofpatients in every parameters ( width , height , vss , pain score and itch score ) at three different wound sites ( upper middle and lower ) .', 'there was a statistically significant and progressive increase in scar stretching , height and total vssfrom top to bottom of the sternum with the same pattern in all groups ofpatients ( p < @ ) .', 'at @ months , scar showed a statistically significant difference in width when compares to@ weeks and @ months ( p < o. @ ) .', 'female had a statistically significant difference ofscar stretching at upper two third of the sternum ( p < @ ) .', 'female scar width was approximately @folds greater than male patient .', 'duringfollow-up in group @ , two patients died postoperatively due to multi-organ failure and one patient developed wound infection .', 'there were no significant differences in cosmetic outcomes between different suture materials and different suture techniques .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "does behavioural graded activity result in better exercise adherence and more physical activity than usual care in people with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee ?", "analysis of secondary outcomes of a cluster-randomised trial with concealed allocation , assessor blinding , and intention-to-treat analysis .", "two hundred patients with hip and/or knee osteoarthritis .", "experimental group received @ sessions of behavioural graded activity over @ weeks and up to @ booster sessions over the next year .", "the control group received @ sessions of usual care over @ weeks according to the dutch physiotherapy guideline .", "exercise adherence was measured using a questionnaire and physical activity was measured using the squash questionnaire at baseline , @ , and @ weeks .", "adherence to recommended exercises was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group at @ weeks ( or @ , @ % ci @ to @ ) and at @ weeks ( or @ , @ % ci @ to @ ) .", "significantly more of the experimental than the control group met the recommendations for physical activity at @ weeks ( or @ , @ % ci @ to @ ) and at @ weeks ( or @ , @ % ci @ to @ ) .", "behavioural graded activity results in better exercise adherence and more physical activity than usual care in people with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee , both in the short - and long-term .", "nct@ ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['does behavioural graded activity result in better exercise adherence and more physical activity than usual care in people with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee ?', 'analysis of secondary outcomes of a cluster-randomised trial with concealed allocation , assessor blinding , and intention-to-treat analysis .', 'two hundred patients with hip and/or knee osteoarthritis .', 'experimental group received @ sessions of behavioural graded activity over @ weeks and up to @ booster sessions over the next year .', 'the control group received @ sessions of usual care over @ weeks according to the dutch physiotherapy guideline .', 'exercise adherence was measured using a questionnaire and physical activity was measured using the squash questionnaire at baseline , @ , and @ weeks .', 'adherence to recommended exercises was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group at @ weeks ( or @ , @ % ci @ to @ ) and at @ weeks ( or @ , @ % ci @ to @ ) .', 'significantly more of the experimental than the control group met the recommendations for physical activity at @ weeks ( or @ , @ % ci @ to @ ) and at @ weeks ( or @ , @ % ci @ to @ ) .', 'behavioural graded activity results in better exercise adherence and more physical activity than usual care in people with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee , both in the short - and long-term .', 'nct@ .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'BACKGROUND']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the effects of box shape -- specifically width and height -- on the perception of heaviness were evaluated during individual and team lifting .", "large objects are perceived to be as much as @ % lighter than smaller objects with the same mass .", "this size-weight illusion presents an obvious risk when lifting large and heavy boxes .", "recent research has shown that shape influences this illusion .", "specifically , increases in length and width do not produce identical decreases in perceived heaviness .", "however , this effect has been documented only in individual lifting , mostly with small objects .", "individuals and teams lifted large boxes and reported their perceptions of heaviness .", "the mass , height , and width of the boxes were varied independently to determine their unique effects on perceived heaviness .", "for both types of lift , increasing width produced a greater mean illusory drop ( expressed as a percentage decrease with @ % confidence intervals ) in perceived heaviness ( @ + / - @ % during individual lifting and @ + / - @ % during team lifting ) than increasing height ( @ + / - @ % during individual lifting and @ + / - @ % during team lifting ) .", "size and shape are important factors in perceiving the heaviness of boxes during both individual and team lifting .", "to avoid misperceiving weight and risking injury , lifters should be careful when approaching larger ( especially wider ) boxes ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the effects of box shape -- specifically width and height -- on the perception of heaviness were evaluated during individual and team lifting .', 'large objects are perceived to be as much as @ % lighter than smaller objects with the same mass .', 'this size-weight illusion presents an obvious risk when lifting large and heavy boxes .', 'recent research has shown that shape influences this illusion .', 'specifically , increases in length and width do not produce identical decreases in perceived heaviness .', 'however , this effect has been documented only in individual lifting , mostly with small objects .', 'individuals and teams lifted large boxes and reported their perceptions of heaviness .', 'the mass , height , and width of the boxes were varied independently to determine their unique effects on perceived heaviness .', 'for both types of lift , increasing width produced a greater mean illusory drop ( expressed as a percentage decrease with @ % confidence intervals ) in perceived heaviness ( @ + / - @ % during individual lifting and @ + / - @ % during team lifting ) than increasing height ( @ + / - @ % during individual lifting and @ + / - @ % during team lifting ) .', 'size and shape are important factors in perceiving the heaviness of boxes during both individual and team lifting .', 'to avoid misperceiving weight and risking injury , lifters should be careful when approaching larger ( especially wider ) boxes .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare the results in terms of effectiveness , side effects , and patient satisfaction when diclofenac and indomethacin suppositories were used for the relief of perineal pain after episiotomy or tearing during childbirth .", "a total of @ women who had undergone mediolateral episiotomy or suffered lacerations while giving birth vaginally were randomly assigned to receive either rectal diclofenac or indomethacin .", "pain ratings were recorded before the administration of drugs and at @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , and @ h after the first dose on a @ cm visual analog scale .", "side effects and overall opinion on the two treatments were assessed at @ h.", "the prophylactic use of diclofenac suppositories reduced perineal pain more than the use of indomethacin suppositories , although the difference was not significant .", "overall additional analgesia requirement was correspondingly lower in the diclofenac group .", "there were no significant differences in overall patient satisfaction between the two groups .", "since the two analgesics were rated similarly and gave satisfactory pain relief , diclofenac may be preferred because it is administered in a single dose and requires less nursing time to dispense and is a substantially less costly alternative to the new pain treatment technologies currently in use ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to compare the results in terms of effectiveness , side effects , and patient satisfaction when diclofenac and indomethacin suppositories were used for the relief of perineal pain after episiotomy or tearing during childbirth .', 'a total of @ women who had undergone mediolateral episiotomy or suffered lacerations while giving birth vaginally were randomly assigned to receive either rectal diclofenac or indomethacin .', 'pain ratings were recorded before the administration of drugs and at @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , and @ h after the first dose on a @ cm visual analog scale .', 'side effects and overall opinion on the two treatments were assessed at @ h.', 'the prophylactic use of diclofenac suppositories reduced perineal pain more than the use of indomethacin suppositories , although the difference was not significant .', 'overall additional analgesia requirement was correspondingly lower in the diclofenac group .', 'there were no significant differences in overall patient satisfaction between the two groups .', 'since the two analgesics were rated similarly and gave satisfactory pain relief , diclofenac may be preferred because it is administered in a single dose and requires less nursing time to dispense and is a substantially less costly alternative to the new pain treatment technologies currently in use .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "injections of botulinum toxin type a are commonly used to treat facial wrinkles ; however , undesirable effects are associated with injections ( e.g. , pain , bruising , ptosis , immunogenicity , and needle aversion ) .", "to address these issues , rt@ botulinum toxin type a topical gel is being developed for the treatment of lateral canthal lines .", "to assess the safety and efficacy of rt@ for the treatment of lateral canthal lines in a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study .", "adult subjects were enrolled to receive a single treatment of rt@ ( n = @ ) or placebo ( n = @ ) applied topically in the lateral canthal area .", "the primary endpoint was the composite of the investigator global assessment of lateral canthal line severity ( iga-lcl ) and the patient severity assessment of lateral canthal line severity ( psa ) defined as a @-point or greater improvement on both scales .", "at four weeks , @ percent of subjects treated with rt@ achieved a @-point or greater improvement on a rigorous composite of both the iga-lcl and psa scales compared to @ % for the placebo subjects ( p < @ ) .", "at four weeks , @ percent of subjects achieved clinically relevant improvement by investigator assessment .", "adverse events were mild in severity and unrelated to study treatment .", "rt@ appears to be a safe and well-tolerated treatment for improvement of lateral canthal lines ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['injections of botulinum toxin type a are commonly used to treat facial wrinkles ; however , undesirable effects are associated with injections ( e.g. , pain , bruising , ptosis , immunogenicity , and needle aversion ) .', 'to address these issues , rt@ botulinum toxin type a topical gel is being developed for the treatment of lateral canthal lines .', 'to assess the safety and efficacy of rt@ for the treatment of lateral canthal lines in a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study .', 'adult subjects were enrolled to receive a single treatment of rt@ ( n = @ ) or placebo ( n = @ ) applied topically in the lateral canthal area .', 'the primary endpoint was the composite of the investigator global assessment of lateral canthal line severity ( iga-lcl ) and the patient severity assessment of lateral canthal line severity ( psa ) defined as a @-point or greater improvement on both scales .', 'at four weeks , @ percent of subjects treated with rt@ achieved a @-point or greater improvement on a rigorous composite of both the iga-lcl and psa scales compared to @ % for the placebo subjects ( p < @ ) .', 'at four weeks , @ percent of subjects achieved clinically relevant improvement by investigator assessment .', 'adverse events were mild in severity and unrelated to study treatment .', 'rt@ appears to be a safe and well-tolerated treatment for improvement of lateral canthal lines .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the term `` informed consent '' explains the process by which a patient , before treatment , is provided comprehensive and impartial information regarding a planned operative procedure so that he/she understands the implications of the procedure before consenting .", "the goal of the current study was to investigate whether standard methods of consenting can be improved using a multimedia-based information program ( mm-ip ) .", "in a prospective multicenter study , @ patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy went through the standard informed consent process .", "one group of patients was also given access to a mm-ip .", "questionnaires were completed before surgery .", "these evaluated how patients perceived their own understanding of important aspects of their illness ( ie , disease , therapeutic alternatives , operation , risks ) and satisfaction with the consenting process .", "patients ' anxiety levels were also assessed .", "these questionnaires were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the mm-ip for improving the consent process .", "seventy-six patients ( @ women , @ men , median age @ years ) were included .", "there was no significant age or gender variation between the groups ( standard n = @ and mm-ip n = @ ) .", "eighty-two percent of all respondents were satisfied with the standard informed consent process .", "however , perceived understanding of the material was significantly improved in the mm-ip group ( p < @ ) .", "patients with less formal education profited particularly from the mm-ip .", "preoperative anxiety did not vary between the groups .", "use of the multimedia-based program was positively evaluated by patients , and significantly improved patients ' perceived understanding of their disease and its treatment .", "it is , therefore , valuable in the informed consent process ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: [\"the term `` informed consent '' explains the process by which a patient , before treatment , is provided comprehensive and impartial information regarding a planned operative procedure so that he/she understands the implications of the procedure before consenting .\", 'the goal of the current study was to investigate whether standard methods of consenting can be improved using a multimedia-based information program ( mm-ip ) .', 'in a prospective multicenter study , @ patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy went through the standard informed consent process .', 'one group of patients was also given access to a mm-ip .', 'questionnaires were completed before surgery .', 'these evaluated how patients perceived their own understanding of important aspects of their illness ( ie , disease , therapeutic alternatives , operation , risks ) and satisfaction with the consenting process .', \"patients ' anxiety levels were also assessed .\", 'these questionnaires were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the mm-ip for improving the consent process .', 'seventy-six patients ( @ women , @ men , median age @ years ) were included .', 'there was no significant age or gender variation between the groups ( standard n = @ and mm-ip n = @ ) .', 'eighty-two percent of all respondents were satisfied with the standard informed consent process .', 'however , perceived understanding of the material was significantly improved in the mm-ip group ( p < @ ) .', 'patients with less formal education profited particularly from the mm-ip .', 'preoperative anxiety did not vary between the groups .', \"use of the multimedia-based program was positively evaluated by patients , and significantly improved patients ' perceived understanding of their disease and its treatment .\", 'it is , therefore , valuable in the informed consent process .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "we investigated the population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of piperacillin and tazobactam in hospitalized patients .", "a multicentre , randomized clinical trial was conducted in hospitalized patients with complicated intra-abdominal infection .", "patients received piperacillin/tazobactam administered by either continuous infusion ( @ g over @ h , n = @ ) or intermittent infusion ( @ g every @ h , n = @ ) .", "nonmem was used to perform population pharmacokinetic analysis in a subset of patients ( n = @ ) who had serum samples obtained at steady-state for drug concentration analyses .", "classification and regression tree analysis was used to identify the breakpoints of piperacillin pk-pd indexes in @ patients with causative pathogen 's mic .", "a one-compartment model was applied to fit the data .", "creatinine clearance and body weight were the most significant variables to explain patient variability in piperacillin and tazobactam clearance and volume of distribution .", "the infusion method had no influence on pk parameters .", "for patients ( n = @ ) receiving intermittent infusion in the pharmacokinetic study , mean cmax and half-life were @ mg/l and @ h for piperacillin , and @ mg/l and @ h for tazobactam .", "for patients ( n = @ ) receiving continuous infusion in the pharmacokinetic study , mean steady-state concentration was @ + / - @ mg/l for piperacillin and @ + / - @ mg/l for tazobactam .", "as a result of a low rate of failures ( < @ % ) observed in the trial and the low mics for infecting pathogens , no association could be established between clinical/microbiological outcome and drug exposure .", "intermittent infusion and continuous infusion of piperacillin and tazobactam provided sufficient drug exposure to treat those pathogens commonly implicated in intra-abdominal infections ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['we investigated the population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of piperacillin and tazobactam in hospitalized patients .', 'a multicentre , randomized clinical trial was conducted in hospitalized patients with complicated intra-abdominal infection .', 'patients received piperacillin/tazobactam administered by either continuous infusion ( @ g over @ h , n = @ ) or intermittent infusion ( @ g every @ h , n = @ ) .', 'nonmem was used to perform population pharmacokinetic analysis in a subset of patients ( n = @ ) who had serum samples obtained at steady-state for drug concentration analyses .', \"classification and regression tree analysis was used to identify the breakpoints of piperacillin pk-pd indexes in @ patients with causative pathogen 's mic .\", 'a one-compartment model was applied to fit the data .', 'creatinine clearance and body weight were the most significant variables to explain patient variability in piperacillin and tazobactam clearance and volume of distribution .', 'the infusion method had no influence on pk parameters .', 'for patients ( n = @ ) receiving intermittent infusion in the pharmacokinetic study , mean cmax and half-life were @ mg/l and @ h for piperacillin , and @ mg/l and @ h for tazobactam .', 'for patients ( n = @ ) receiving continuous infusion in the pharmacokinetic study , mean steady-state concentration was @ + / - @ mg/l for piperacillin and @ + / - @ mg/l for tazobactam .', 'as a result of a low rate of failures ( < @ % ) observed in the trial and the low mics for infecting pathogens , no association could be established between clinical/microbiological outcome and drug exposure .', 'intermittent infusion and continuous infusion of piperacillin and tazobactam provided sufficient drug exposure to treat those pathogens commonly implicated in intra-abdominal infections .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to assess the effectiveness of simple irrigation methods such as drip irrigation kits , furrow irrigation and use of watering cans in reducing contamination of lettuce irrigated with polluted water in urban farming in ghana .", "trials on drip kits , furrow irrigation and watering cans were conducted with urban vegetable farmers .", "trials were arranged in a completely randomised block design with each plot having all three irrigation methods tested .", "this was conducted in both dry and wet seasons .", "three hundred and ninety-six lettuce , @ soil , @ poultry manure and @ water samples were analysed for thermotolerant coliforms and helminth eggs .", "lettuce irrigated with drip kits had the lowest levels of contamination , with , on average , @ log units per @ g , fewer thermotolerant coliforms than that irrigated with watering cans .", "however , drip kits often got clogged , required lower crop densities and restricted other routine farm activities .", "watering cans were the most popular method .", "using watering cans with caps on outlets from a height < @ m reduced thermotolerant coliforms by @ log units and helminthes by @ eggs per @ g of lettuce compared with using watering cans without caps from a height > @ m.", "simple , cheap and easily adoptable irrigation methods have great potential to reduce crop contamination in low-income areas .", "when used in combination with other on-farm and post-harvest risk reduction measures , these will help to comprehensively reduce public health risks from using polluted water in vegetable farming ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to assess the effectiveness of simple irrigation methods such as drip irrigation kits , furrow irrigation and use of watering cans in reducing contamination of lettuce irrigated with polluted water in urban farming in ghana .', 'trials on drip kits , furrow irrigation and watering cans were conducted with urban vegetable farmers .', 'trials were arranged in a completely randomised block design with each plot having all three irrigation methods tested .', 'this was conducted in both dry and wet seasons .', 'three hundred and ninety-six lettuce , @ soil , @ poultry manure and @ water samples were analysed for thermotolerant coliforms and helminth eggs .', 'lettuce irrigated with drip kits had the lowest levels of contamination , with , on average , @ log units per @ g , fewer thermotolerant coliforms than that irrigated with watering cans .', 'however , drip kits often got clogged , required lower crop densities and restricted other routine farm activities .', 'watering cans were the most popular method .', 'using watering cans with caps on outlets from a height < @ m reduced thermotolerant coliforms by @ log units and helminthes by @ eggs per @ g of lettuce compared with using watering cans without caps from a height > @ m.', 'simple , cheap and easily adoptable irrigation methods have great potential to reduce crop contamination in low-income areas .', 'when used in combination with other on-farm and post-harvest risk reduction measures , these will help to comprehensively reduce public health risks from using polluted water in vegetable farming .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "retinaldehyde has been proven to be effective in the reduction of facial wrinkles .", "it has also demonstrated its usefulness when used before and after laser skin resurfacing .", "a monocentric , comparative , randomized , double-blind study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of retinaldehyde versus excipient in combination with non-ablative laser remodeling treatment .", "a total of @ female patients ( mean age @ years ) were enrolled for neck line and forehead rhytid treatment .", "they were randomly assigned into two groups .", "the ral group ( eight patients ) was treated with a non-ablative laser ( @ nm er : glass , @ j/cm@ per pulse , three pulses , @ hz repetition rate , @ mm spot , +@ degrees c cooling ) and daily topical application of @ % retinaldehyde immediately after the first laser treatment and up to @ months after the fifth treatment .", "the ctrl group ( eight patients ) was treated under similar conditions , except with a daily application of excipient .", "the thickness of the skin ( forehead and neck ) was measured by ultrasound imaging before the first treatment , @ month after the third treatment , @ month after the fifth treatment and @ months after the fifth treatment .", "an increase of dermal thickness was observed for all patients treated by laser ( groups ral and ctrl ) on the forehead and neck .", "however , the increase was greater for the ral group ( retinaldehyde ) when compared with the ctrl group ( excipient ) .", "three months after the fifth treatment , the increase in dermal thickness ( % ) was , respectively , @ versus @ for the forehead and @ versus @ for the neck .", "the difference between groups was statistically significant in favor of the retinaldehyde group for the forehead ( p < @ ) and of limited significance for the neck ( p = @ ) .", "when considering the reduced number of patients in each group , the statistical analysis demonstrates an evident advantage of using retinaldehyde versus excipient .", "this study demonstrates that irradiation with a @ nm er : glass laser can be potentiated with concomitant daily topical application of @ % retinaldehyde ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['retinaldehyde has been proven to be effective in the reduction of facial wrinkles .', 'it has also demonstrated its usefulness when used before and after laser skin resurfacing .', 'a monocentric , comparative , randomized , double-blind study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of retinaldehyde versus excipient in combination with non-ablative laser remodeling treatment .', 'a total of @ female patients ( mean age @ years ) were enrolled for neck line and forehead rhytid treatment .', 'they were randomly assigned into two groups .', 'the ral group ( eight patients ) was treated with a non-ablative laser ( @ nm er : glass , @ j/cm@ per pulse , three pulses , @ hz repetition rate , @ mm spot , +@ degrees c cooling ) and daily topical application of @ % retinaldehyde immediately after the first laser treatment and up to @ months after the fifth treatment .', 'the ctrl group ( eight patients ) was treated under similar conditions , except with a daily application of excipient .', 'the thickness of the skin ( forehead and neck ) was measured by ultrasound imaging before the first treatment , @ month after the third treatment , @ month after the fifth treatment and @ months after the fifth treatment .', 'an increase of dermal thickness was observed for all patients treated by laser ( groups ral and ctrl ) on the forehead and neck .', 'however , the increase was greater for the ral group ( retinaldehyde ) when compared with the ctrl group ( excipient ) .', 'three months after the fifth treatment , the increase in dermal thickness ( % ) was , respectively , @ versus @ for the forehead and @ versus @ for the neck .', 'the difference between groups was statistically significant in favor of the retinaldehyde group for the forehead ( p < @ ) and of limited significance for the neck ( p = @ ) .', 'when considering the reduced number of patients in each group , the statistical analysis demonstrates an evident advantage of using retinaldehyde versus excipient .', 'this study demonstrates that irradiation with a @ nm er : glass laser can be potentiated with concomitant daily topical application of @ % retinaldehyde .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "examine the acceptability of sodium-reduced research diets .", "randomized crossover trial of three sodium levels for @ days each among participants randomly assigned to one of two dietary patterns .", "three hundred fifty-four adults with prehypertension or stage @ hypertension who were participants in the dietary approaches to stop hypertension ( dash-sodium ) outpatient feeding trial .", "participants received their assigned diet ( control or dash , rich in fruits , vegetables , and low-fat dairy products ) , each at three levels of sodium ( higher , intermediate , and lower ) corresponding to @,@ , @,@ , and @,@ mg/day ( @ , @ , and @ mmol/day ) per @,@ kcal .", "nine-item questionnaire on liking and willingness to continue the assigned diet and its level of saltiness using a nine-point scale , ranging from one to nine .", "generalized estimating equations to test participant ratings as a function of sodium level and diet while adjusting for site , feeding cohort , carryover effects , and ratings during run-in .", "overall , participants rated the saltiness of the intermediate level sodium as most acceptable ( dash group : @ for intermediate vs @ and @ for higher and lower sodium ; control group : @ for intermediate vs @ and @ for higher and lower sodium ) and rated liking and willing to continue the dash diet more than the control diet by about one point ( ratings range from @ to @ for dash diet and @ to @ for control diet ) .", "small race differences were observed in sodium and diet acceptability .", "both the intermediate and lower sodium levels of each diet are at least as acceptable as the higher sodium level in persons with or at risk for hypertension ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['examine the acceptability of sodium-reduced research diets .', 'randomized crossover trial of three sodium levels for @ days each among participants randomly assigned to one of two dietary patterns .', 'three hundred fifty-four adults with prehypertension or stage @ hypertension who were participants in the dietary approaches to stop hypertension ( dash-sodium ) outpatient feeding trial .', 'participants received their assigned diet ( control or dash , rich in fruits , vegetables , and low-fat dairy products ) , each at three levels of sodium ( higher , intermediate , and lower ) corresponding to @,@ , @,@ , and @,@ mg/day ( @ , @ , and @ mmol/day ) per @,@ kcal .', 'nine-item questionnaire on liking and willingness to continue the assigned diet and its level of saltiness using a nine-point scale , ranging from one to nine .', 'generalized estimating equations to test participant ratings as a function of sodium level and diet while adjusting for site , feeding cohort , carryover effects , and ratings during run-in .', 'overall , participants rated the saltiness of the intermediate level sodium as most acceptable ( dash group : @ for intermediate vs @ and @ for higher and lower sodium ; control group : @ for intermediate vs @ and @ for higher and lower sodium ) and rated liking and willing to continue the dash diet more than the control diet by about one point ( ratings range from @ to @ for dash diet and @ to @ for control diet ) .', 'small race differences were observed in sodium and diet acceptability .', 'both the intermediate and lower sodium levels of each diet are at least as acceptable as the higher sodium level in persons with or at risk for hypertension .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "anastrozole is a new oral aromatase inhibitor with highly potent and selective activity for the aromatase enzyme .", "in a phase iii trial , the efficacy and tolerability of anastrozole , given in doses of @ and @ mg orally once daily , and megestrol acetate , given in doses of @ mg orally @ times daily , were compared in @ postmenopausal women with advanced breast carcinoma who progressed after tamoxifen therapy .", "the trial was randomized , double blind for anastrozole , open label for megestrol acetate , parallel group , and multicenter .", "patients were randomly assigned to receive anastrozole , @ mg ( n = @ ) ; anastrozole , @ mg ( n = @ ) ; or megestrol acetate ( n = @ ) .", "the primary efficacy measures were time to progression and tumor response ; secondary measures were time to treatment failure , duration of response , quality of life , and time to death .", "with a median duration of follow-up of @ months , there was no statistical evidence of a difference between either @ or @ mg doses of anastrozole and megestrol acetate for any efficacy endpoint .", "according to rigid response criteria , @ % , @ % , and @ % of patients in the anastrozole @ mg , anastrozole @ mg , and megestrol acetate groups , respectively , had an objective response ( complete response or partial response ) and @ % , @ % , and @ % of patients in the respective groups had stable disease for a duration of @ weeks or longer .", "quality-of-life assessments revealed that anastrozole in a @-mg dose was associated with better physical scores and anastrozole in a @-mg dose with better psychologic scores than megestrol acetate .", "both anastrozole and megestrol acetate were generally well tolerated .", "among anticipated adverse events , gastrointestinal disturbance was more common among patients in the anastrozole groups , whereas weight gain occurred more frequently among patients in the megestrol acetate groups .", "weight increases of @ % or more and @ % or more were more common among megestrol acetate-treated patients ; moreover , patients in this group continued to gain weight over time .", "anastrozole , given in doses of @ and @ mg once daily , represents a well tolerated and effective therapeutic option for the treatment of postmenopausal women with advanced breast carcinoma who progress after tamoxifen treatment ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['anastrozole is a new oral aromatase inhibitor with highly potent and selective activity for the aromatase enzyme .', 'in a phase iii trial , the efficacy and tolerability of anastrozole , given in doses of @ and @ mg orally once daily , and megestrol acetate , given in doses of @ mg orally @ times daily , were compared in @ postmenopausal women with advanced breast carcinoma who progressed after tamoxifen therapy .', 'the trial was randomized , double blind for anastrozole , open label for megestrol acetate , parallel group , and multicenter .', 'patients were randomly assigned to receive anastrozole , @ mg ( n = @ ) ; anastrozole , @ mg ( n = @ ) ; or megestrol acetate ( n = @ ) .', 'the primary efficacy measures were time to progression and tumor response ; secondary measures were time to treatment failure , duration of response , quality of life , and time to death .', 'with a median duration of follow-up of @ months , there was no statistical evidence of a difference between either @ or @ mg doses of anastrozole and megestrol acetate for any efficacy endpoint .', 'according to rigid response criteria , @ % , @ % , and @ % of patients in the anastrozole @ mg , anastrozole @ mg , and megestrol acetate groups , respectively , had an objective response ( complete response or partial response ) and @ % , @ % , and @ % of patients in the respective groups had stable disease for a duration of @ weeks or longer .', 'quality-of-life assessments revealed that anastrozole in a @-mg dose was associated with better physical scores and anastrozole in a @-mg dose with better psychologic scores than megestrol acetate .', 'both anastrozole and megestrol acetate were generally well tolerated .', 'among anticipated adverse events , gastrointestinal disturbance was more common among patients in the anastrozole groups , whereas weight gain occurred more frequently among patients in the megestrol acetate groups .', 'weight increases of @ % or more and @ % or more were more common among megestrol acetate-treated patients ; moreover , patients in this group continued to gain weight over time .', 'anastrozole , given in doses of @ and @ mg once daily , represents a well tolerated and effective therapeutic option for the treatment of postmenopausal women with advanced breast carcinoma who progress after tamoxifen treatment .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the oral antidepressant venlafaxine hydrochloride is a selective serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor .", "the aim of this study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of a new generic formulation of venlafaxine extended-release @-mg capsules ( test ) and the available branded formulation ( reference ) to comply with regulatory criteria for marketing of the test product in brazil .", "this single-dose , randomized-sequence , open-label , @-period crossover study was conducted in healthy male volunteers and consisted of separate fast - ing and fed phases .", "a single oral dose of the test or reference formulation was followed by a @-day washout period , after which subjects received the alternative formulation .", "there was a @-month interval between the fasting and fed portions of the study .", "there was no standardization of race because of the difficulty of achieving standardization in the brazilian population .", "blood samples were collected before dosing and at @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , and @ hours after dosing .", "venlafaxine concentrations were determined using an hplc-ms/ms method .", "the formulations were considered bioequivalent if the @ % cis of the geometric mean ratios ( test : reference ) for c ( max ) and auc ( @-t ) were within the regulatory range of @ % to @ % .", "adverse events were monitored through-out the study based on vital signs , laboratory tests , interviews , and spontaneous patient reports .", "forty-eight subjects were enrolled in both phases of the study ; all @ subjects completed the fasting phase , and @ subject withdrew during the fed phase .", "the mean ( sd ) age of participants in the fasting and fed phases was @ ( @ ) and @ ( @ ) years , respectively ; their mean weight was @ ( @ ) and @ ( @ ) kg and their mean height was @ ( @ ) and @ ( @ ) cm .", "under fasting conditions , the arithmetic mean venlafaxine c ( max ) was @ ( @ ) ng/ml for the test formulation and @ ( @ ) ng/ml for the reference formulation , with a geometric mean ratio of @ .", "the arithmetic mean auc ( @-t ) for the respective formulations was @ ( @ ) and @ ( @ ) ng h/ml , with a geometric mean ratio of @ .", "the arithmetic mean t ( max ) was @ ( @ ) and @ ( @ ) hours .", "under fed conditions , the arithmetic mean venlafaxine c ( max ) was @ ( @ ) ng/ml for the test formulation and @ ( @ ) ng/ml for the reference formulation , with a geometric mean ratio of @ .", "the arithmetic mean auc ( @-t ) for the respective formulations was @ ( @ ) and @ ( @ ) ng h/ml , with a geometric mean ratio of @ .", "the arithmetic mean t ( max ) was @ ( @ ) and @ ( @ ) hours .", "there were no significant increases in venlafaxine c ( max ) , auc ( @-t ) , or t ( max ) for either formulation in the fed phase compared with the fasting phase .", "in both the fasting and fed portions of the study , the @ % cis for the ratio ( test : reference ) of log-transformed c ( max ) ( fasting : @-@ @ ; fed : @-@ @ ) and auc ( @-t ) ( fasting : @-@ @ ; fed : @-@ @ ) were within the acceptance range for bioequivalence .", "the most common adverse events ( @ % of subjects ) in the fasting phase were nausea ( @ % ) , diarrhea ( @ % ) , headache ( @ % ) , vomiting ( @ % ) , and colic ( @ % ) ; the most common adverse events in the fed phase were nausea ( @ % ) , headache ( @ % ) , and dizziness ( @ % ) .", "in this single-dose study in healthy fasting and fed volunteers , the test formulation of venlafaxine extended-release @-mg capsules met brazilian regulatory criteria for bioequivalence to the reference formulation ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the oral antidepressant venlafaxine hydrochloride is a selective serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor .', 'the aim of this study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of a new generic formulation of venlafaxine extended-release @-mg capsules ( test ) and the available branded formulation ( reference ) to comply with regulatory criteria for marketing of the test product in brazil .', 'this single-dose , randomized-sequence , open-label , @-period crossover study was conducted in healthy male volunteers and consisted of separate fast - ing and fed phases .', 'a single oral dose of the test or reference formulation was followed by a @-day washout period , after which subjects received the alternative formulation .', 'there was a @-month interval between the fasting and fed portions of the study .', 'there was no standardization of race because of the difficulty of achieving standardization in the brazilian population .', 'blood samples were collected before dosing and at @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , and @ hours after dosing .', 'venlafaxine concentrations were determined using an hplc-ms/ms method .', 'the formulations were considered bioequivalent if the @ % cis of the geometric mean ratios ( test : reference ) for c ( max ) and auc ( @-t ) were within the regulatory range of @ % to @ % .', 'adverse events were monitored through-out the study based on vital signs , laboratory tests , interviews , and spontaneous patient reports .', 'forty-eight subjects were enrolled in both phases of the study ; all @ subjects completed the fasting phase , and @ subject withdrew during the fed phase .', 'the mean ( sd ) age of participants in the fasting and fed phases was @ ( @ ) and @ ( @ ) years , respectively ; their mean weight was @ ( @ ) and @ ( @ ) kg and their mean height was @ ( @ ) and @ ( @ ) cm .', 'under fasting conditions , the arithmetic mean venlafaxine c ( max ) was @ ( @ ) ng/ml for the test formulation and @ ( @ ) ng/ml for the reference formulation , with a geometric mean ratio of @ .', 'the arithmetic mean auc ( @-t ) for the respective formulations was @ ( @ ) and @ ( @ ) ng h/ml , with a geometric mean ratio of @ .', 'the arithmetic mean t ( max ) was @ ( @ ) and @ ( @ ) hours .', 'under fed conditions , the arithmetic mean venlafaxine c ( max ) was @ ( @ ) ng/ml for the test formulation and @ ( @ ) ng/ml for the reference formulation , with a geometric mean ratio of @ .', 'the arithmetic mean auc ( @-t ) for the respective formulations was @ ( @ ) and @ ( @ ) ng h/ml , with a geometric mean ratio of @ .', 'the arithmetic mean t ( max ) was @ ( @ ) and @ ( @ ) hours .', 'there were no significant increases in venlafaxine c ( max ) , auc ( @-t ) , or t ( max ) for either formulation in the fed phase compared with the fasting phase .', 'in both the fasting and fed portions of the study , the @ % cis for the ratio ( test : reference ) of log-transformed c ( max ) ( fasting : @-@ @ ; fed : @-@ @ ) and auc ( @-t ) ( fasting : @-@ @ ; fed : @-@ @ ) were within the acceptance range for bioequivalence .', 'the most common adverse events ( @ % of subjects ) in the fasting phase were nausea ( @ % ) , diarrhea ( @ % ) , headache ( @ % ) , vomiting ( @ % ) , and colic ( @ % ) ; the most common adverse events in the fed phase were nausea ( @ % ) , headache ( @ % ) , and dizziness ( @ % ) .', 'in this single-dose study in healthy fasting and fed volunteers , the test formulation of venlafaxine extended-release @-mg capsules met brazilian regulatory criteria for bioequivalence to the reference formulation .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "mealtime amylin replacement with the human amylin analog pramlintide , as an adjunct to mealtime insulin replacement , reduces postprandial glucose excursions in patients with type @ diabetes .", "the aim of the present study was to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of pramlintide in this patient population .", "in a @-week , double-blind , placebo-controlled , parallel-group , multicenter study , @ patients with type @ diabetes ( age @ + / - @ years , diabetes duration @ + / - @ years , bmi @ + / - @ kg/m ( @ ) , hba ( @c ) @ + / - @ % , mean + / - sd ) treated with insulin ( alone or in combination with sulfonylureas and/or metformin ) were randomized to receive additional preprandial subcutaneous injections of either placebo or pramlintide ( @ micro g tid , @ microg bid , or @ microg bid ) .", "treatment with pramlintide @ micro g bid led to a sustained reduction from baseline in hba ( @c ) ( -@ and -@ % at weeks @ and @ , respectively ) , which was significantly greater than that seen with placebo ( p < @ ) .", "the proportion of patients achieving an hba ( @c ) < @ % was approximately twofold greater with pramlintide ( @ microg bid ) than with placebo ( @ vs. @ % , p < @ ) .", "the glycemic improvement with pramlintide @ micro g bid was accompanied by a mean weight loss ( -@ kg vs. +@ kg with placebo at week @ , p < @ ) and occurred without an overall increase in the severe hypoglycemia event rate .", "the most common adverse event associated with pramlintide use was transient , mild-to-moderate nausea .", "mealtime amylin replacement with pramlintide @ microg bid , as an adjunct to insulin therapy , improves long-term glycemic and weight control in patients with type @ diabetes ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['mealtime amylin replacement with the human amylin analog pramlintide , as an adjunct to mealtime insulin replacement , reduces postprandial glucose excursions in patients with type @ diabetes .', 'the aim of the present study was to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of pramlintide in this patient population .', 'in a @-week , double-blind , placebo-controlled , parallel-group , multicenter study , @ patients with type @ diabetes ( age @ + / - @ years , diabetes duration @ + / - @ years , bmi @ + / - @ kg/m ( @ ) , hba ( @c ) @ + / - @ % , mean + / - sd ) treated with insulin ( alone or in combination with sulfonylureas and/or metformin ) were randomized to receive additional preprandial subcutaneous injections of either placebo or pramlintide ( @ micro g tid , @ microg bid , or @ microg bid ) .', 'treatment with pramlintide @ micro g bid led to a sustained reduction from baseline in hba ( @c ) ( -@ and -@ % at weeks @ and @ , respectively ) , which was significantly greater than that seen with placebo ( p < @ ) .', 'the proportion of patients achieving an hba ( @c ) < @ % was approximately twofold greater with pramlintide ( @ microg bid ) than with placebo ( @ vs. @ % , p < @ ) .', 'the glycemic improvement with pramlintide @ micro g bid was accompanied by a mean weight loss ( -@ kg vs. +@ kg with placebo at week @ , p < @ ) and occurred without an overall increase in the severe hypoglycemia event rate .', 'the most common adverse event associated with pramlintide use was transient , mild-to-moderate nausea .', 'mealtime amylin replacement with pramlintide @ microg bid , as an adjunct to insulin therapy , improves long-term glycemic and weight control in patients with type @ diabetes .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare the advantages and disadvantages of the new bird metal cups and silicone cups in terms of maternal and foetal outcome .", "to study the adverse effects and factors associated with failed vacuum deliveries .", "a prospective randomised study of all vacuum deliveries from @ december @ to @ april @ .", "the hanshin electrical vacuum pump was used .", "a large obstetric unit-the maternity hospital kuala lumpur ( mhkl ) .", "seventy-two consecutive patients where vacuum deliveries were indicated .", "forty had metal and @ had silicone cups .", "another @ vacuum deliveries using the manual vacuum pump were excluded .", "success rate of vaginal delivery , birth canal injuries , post-partum haemorrhage , duration of hospital stay , apgar score , foetal injuries ( scalp-ecchymosis , haematomas ) neonatal jaundice , the rate of special care nursery ( scn ) admission and neonatal mortality rate .", "failure to deliver with silicone cups alone was @ % compared to @ % for metal cups alone .", "material morbidities and serious foetal scalp injuries were almost the same in both cups .", "however , minor foetal scalp injuries were significantly lower with silicone cups .", "maternal height and baby 's weight had no independent predictive values for successful vacuum delivery .", "when the foetal head was palpable per abdomen , the failure rate was @ % compared to @ % when it was not .", "failed vacuum deliveries were associated with increased maternal and foetal morbidities .", "silicone cups and metal cups can be equally dangerous to the baby .", "although our sample size was small , we recommend that vacuum delivery be avoided if the foetal head is palpable per abdomen ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to compare the advantages and disadvantages of the new bird metal cups and silicone cups in terms of maternal and foetal outcome .', 'to study the adverse effects and factors associated with failed vacuum deliveries .', 'a prospective randomised study of all vacuum deliveries from @ december @ to @ april @ .', 'the hanshin electrical vacuum pump was used .', 'a large obstetric unit-the maternity hospital kuala lumpur ( mhkl ) .', 'seventy-two consecutive patients where vacuum deliveries were indicated .', 'forty had metal and @ had silicone cups .', 'another @ vacuum deliveries using the manual vacuum pump were excluded .', 'success rate of vaginal delivery , birth canal injuries , post-partum haemorrhage , duration of hospital stay , apgar score , foetal injuries ( scalp-ecchymosis , haematomas ) neonatal jaundice , the rate of special care nursery ( scn ) admission and neonatal mortality rate .', 'failure to deliver with silicone cups alone was @ % compared to @ % for metal cups alone .', 'material morbidities and serious foetal scalp injuries were almost the same in both cups .', 'however , minor foetal scalp injuries were significantly lower with silicone cups .', \"maternal height and baby 's weight had no independent predictive values for successful vacuum delivery .\", 'when the foetal head was palpable per abdomen , the failure rate was @ % compared to @ % when it was not .', 'failed vacuum deliveries were associated with increased maternal and foetal morbidities .', 'silicone cups and metal cups can be equally dangerous to the baby .', 'although our sample size was small , we recommend that vacuum delivery be avoided if the foetal head is palpable per abdomen .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "previous research has demonstrated a role for impulsivity and perceived availability of the substance in cue-elicited craving .", "however , their effects on cue-elicited craving for alcohol are still ambiguous .", "most important is that there has been no empirical evidence for the potential interaction of these factors on alcohol craving .", "the aim of the present study was to examine the effects of response inhibition and perceived availability on cue-elicited craving for alcohol in social drinkers .", "participants were light to moderate social drinkers ( n = @ ) who were exposed to neutral - and alcohol-related stimuli during a single laboratory session .", "response inhibition was assessed with the stop signal task .", "participants were randomly assigned to one of two perceived availability groups ( n = @ , expecting alcohol ; n = @ , not expecting alcohol ) .", "overall craving for alcohol was higher in participants who expected alcohol than in those who did not .", "this finding was statistically significant only in the alcohol condition .", "most important is that there was a significant interaction between response inhibition , perceived availability and time on cue-elicited craving .", "regardless of the cue type , impulsive people who expected alcohol experience a significant increase in cue-elicited craving relative to impulsive people who did not expect alcohol .", "this effect was not observed in the non-impulsive groups .", "the results clearly show that perceived availability alone and in combination with response inhibition can modulate alcohol cue reactivity .", "theoretical explanations and clinical implications of these findings are discussed ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['previous research has demonstrated a role for impulsivity and perceived availability of the substance in cue-elicited craving .', 'however , their effects on cue-elicited craving for alcohol are still ambiguous .', 'most important is that there has been no empirical evidence for the potential interaction of these factors on alcohol craving .', 'the aim of the present study was to examine the effects of response inhibition and perceived availability on cue-elicited craving for alcohol in social drinkers .', 'participants were light to moderate social drinkers ( n = @ ) who were exposed to neutral - and alcohol-related stimuli during a single laboratory session .', 'response inhibition was assessed with the stop signal task .', 'participants were randomly assigned to one of two perceived availability groups ( n = @ , expecting alcohol ; n = @ , not expecting alcohol ) .', 'overall craving for alcohol was higher in participants who expected alcohol than in those who did not .', 'this finding was statistically significant only in the alcohol condition .', 'most important is that there was a significant interaction between response inhibition , perceived availability and time on cue-elicited craving .', 'regardless of the cue type , impulsive people who expected alcohol experience a significant increase in cue-elicited craving relative to impulsive people who did not expect alcohol .', 'this effect was not observed in the non-impulsive groups .', 'the results clearly show that perceived availability alone and in combination with response inhibition can modulate alcohol cue reactivity .', 'theoretical explanations and clinical implications of these findings are discussed .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the objective of this study was to assess the effect of golimumab on carotid ultrasound measures and cardiovascular serious adverse events ( saes ) in patients with inflammatory arthritides .", "an exploratory carotid artery ultrasound substudy was performed in the go-before study of methotrexate ( mtx ) - naive rheumatoid arthritis patients , with ultrasounds performed at weeks @ , @ , and @ to measure common carotid artery intima-media thickness , distensibility coefficient , interadventitial diameter , and plaque count .", "cardiovascular saes reported over @ years of follow-up were assessed in @ golimumab phase @ clinical trials of patients with rheumatoid arthritis ( go-before , go-forward , and go-after ) , psoriatic arthritis ( go-reveal ) , and ankylosing spondylitis ( go-raise ) .", "in go-before and go-forward , patients received placebo + mtx , golimumab @ mg + mtx , or golimumab @ mg + / - mtx at baseline and every @ weeks ; in the other @ trials , patients received placebo or golimumab @ or @ mg .", "the carotid ultrasound substudy showed inconsistent changes in common carotid artery intima-media thickness in the golimumab + mtx groups over time , and there was large variability in the measurements .", "increases in interadventitial diameter were observed in the golimumab @ mg + placebo group , but not in the golimumab + mtx groups .", "there were no significant differences in the distensibility coefficient and plaque count between the golimumab and placebo groups .", "very few patients overall experienced a cardiovascular sae , and the incidence of cardiovascular saes was not statistically different between the golimumab and placebo groups .", "the results of the carotid ultrasound substudy were inconclusive , and no increase or decrease in cardiovascular saes was observed following @ years of treatment with golimumab with or without mtx ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the objective of this study was to assess the effect of golimumab on carotid ultrasound measures and cardiovascular serious adverse events ( saes ) in patients with inflammatory arthritides .', 'an exploratory carotid artery ultrasound substudy was performed in the go-before study of methotrexate ( mtx ) - naive rheumatoid arthritis patients , with ultrasounds performed at weeks @ , @ , and @ to measure common carotid artery intima-media thickness , distensibility coefficient , interadventitial diameter , and plaque count .', 'cardiovascular saes reported over @ years of follow-up were assessed in @ golimumab phase @ clinical trials of patients with rheumatoid arthritis ( go-before , go-forward , and go-after ) , psoriatic arthritis ( go-reveal ) , and ankylosing spondylitis ( go-raise ) .', 'in go-before and go-forward , patients received placebo + mtx , golimumab @ mg + mtx , or golimumab @ mg + / - mtx at baseline and every @ weeks ; in the other @ trials , patients received placebo or golimumab @ or @ mg .', 'the carotid ultrasound substudy showed inconsistent changes in common carotid artery intima-media thickness in the golimumab + mtx groups over time , and there was large variability in the measurements .', 'increases in interadventitial diameter were observed in the golimumab @ mg + placebo group , but not in the golimumab + mtx groups .', 'there were no significant differences in the distensibility coefficient and plaque count between the golimumab and placebo groups .', 'very few patients overall experienced a cardiovascular sae , and the incidence of cardiovascular saes was not statistically different between the golimumab and placebo groups .', 'the results of the carotid ultrasound substudy were inconclusive , and no increase or decrease in cardiovascular saes was observed following @ years of treatment with golimumab with or without mtx .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "this study aimed to assess the virtue of adding prokinetics to proton pump inhibitors ( ppis ) in the treatment of laryngopharyngeal reflux ( lpr ) with regard to symptom and sign improvement and reduction in recurrence rates after cessation of treatment .", "one hundred patients were divided by blind random card selection into two groups , @ per group .", "the first group received itopride , a prokinetic agent , with a ppi , and the second group received a ppi and a placebo , both for a period of @ weeks .", "they were followed up on a monthly basis for @ weeks , with documentation of the symptom and sign scores with each visit and with photographic documentation .", "eighty-seven patients completed the study .", "the results showed significant improvement in group a when compared to group b with regard to improvement rates and degrees of subjective and objective improvement , with significantly less recurrence of symptoms .", "adding prokinetics to ppis in the treatment of lpr improves the outcome , shortens the need for oral medication , and reduces the rates of recurrence of symptoms ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['this study aimed to assess the virtue of adding prokinetics to proton pump inhibitors ( ppis ) in the treatment of laryngopharyngeal reflux ( lpr ) with regard to symptom and sign improvement and reduction in recurrence rates after cessation of treatment .', 'one hundred patients were divided by blind random card selection into two groups , @ per group .', 'the first group received itopride , a prokinetic agent , with a ppi , and the second group received a ppi and a placebo , both for a period of @ weeks .', 'they were followed up on a monthly basis for @ weeks , with documentation of the symptom and sign scores with each visit and with photographic documentation .', 'eighty-seven patients completed the study .', 'the results showed significant improvement in group a when compared to group b with regard to improvement rates and degrees of subjective and objective improvement , with significantly less recurrence of symptoms .', 'adding prokinetics to ppis in the treatment of lpr improves the outcome , shortens the need for oral medication , and reduces the rates of recurrence of symptoms .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the present study aimed to compare the efficacy of levo-alpha-acetylmethadol ( laam ) and methadone , as measured by retention in treatment and heroin use , in a randomized trial conducted under naturalistic conditions .", "this study is the first randomized trial comparing laam with methadone in the primary care setting .", "participants were recruited through @ medical practitioners working in specialist and generalist settings in australia .", "existing methadone maintenance patients , aged @ years and over and able to give informed consent , were randomized to receive either laam or methadone .", "a total of @ patients participated .", "after being trained in the use of laam , existing methadone prescribers were then able to determine an individually tailored treatment regimen for each patient .", "the trial was an open-label study .", "methadone and laam dosing was supervised through local community pharmacies .", "participation in ancillary services ( e.g. counselling ) was optional for all patients .", "the treatment period for the trial was @ months .", "baseline , @ - , @ - and @-month interviews were conducted .", "outcome measures were retention in treatment , self-reported heroin use and serious adverse events .", "there were no significant differences between laam and methadone on retention in treatment , nor heroin use .", "there was a trend for laam patients to have lower heroin use than methadone patients .", "of the seven serious adverse events in the laam group , three were not drug-related .", "there were two dosing errors .", "this study demonstrates ( a ) the efficacy of laam as a treatment for heroin dependence , and ( b ) the capacity for laam to be effectively delivered in primary care settings by trained general practitioners and pharmacists .", "the next challenge is to resolve outstanding safety concerns with laam ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the present study aimed to compare the efficacy of levo-alpha-acetylmethadol ( laam ) and methadone , as measured by retention in treatment and heroin use , in a randomized trial conducted under naturalistic conditions .', 'this study is the first randomized trial comparing laam with methadone in the primary care setting .', 'participants were recruited through @ medical practitioners working in specialist and generalist settings in australia .', 'existing methadone maintenance patients , aged @ years and over and able to give informed consent , were randomized to receive either laam or methadone .', 'a total of @ patients participated .', 'after being trained in the use of laam , existing methadone prescribers were then able to determine an individually tailored treatment regimen for each patient .', 'the trial was an open-label study .', 'methadone and laam dosing was supervised through local community pharmacies .', 'participation in ancillary services ( e.g. counselling ) was optional for all patients .', 'the treatment period for the trial was @ months .', 'baseline , @ - , @ - and @-month interviews were conducted .', 'outcome measures were retention in treatment , self-reported heroin use and serious adverse events .', 'there were no significant differences between laam and methadone on retention in treatment , nor heroin use .', 'there was a trend for laam patients to have lower heroin use than methadone patients .', 'of the seven serious adverse events in the laam group , three were not drug-related .', 'there were two dosing errors .', 'this study demonstrates ( a ) the efficacy of laam as a treatment for heroin dependence , and ( b ) the capacity for laam to be effectively delivered in primary care settings by trained general practitioners and pharmacists .', 'the next challenge is to resolve outstanding safety concerns with laam .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "we studied the benefits and risks of adding clopidogrel to different doses of aspirin in the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome ( acs ) .", "in the clopidogrel in unstable angina to prevent recurrent events ( cure ) trial , @ @ patients with acs using aspirin , @ to @ mg daily , were randomized to clopidogrel or placebo for up to @ year .", "in this analysis , patients were divided into the following @ aspirin dose groups : < or = @ mg , @ through @ mg , and > or = @ mg .", "the combined incidence of cardiovascular death , myocardial infarction , or stroke was reduced by clopidogrel regardless of aspirin dose , as follows : < or = @ mg , @ % versus @ % ( relative risk [ rr ] , @ [ @ % ci , @ to @ ] ) ; @ to @ mg , @ % versus @ % ( rr , @ [ @ % ci @ to @ ] ) ; and > or = @ mg , @ % versus @ % ( rr , @ [ @ % ci , @ to @ ] ) .", "the incidence of major bleeding increased with increasing aspirin dose both in the placebo group ( @ % , @ % , and @ % , respectively ; p = @ ) and the clopidogrel group ( @ % , @ % , and @ % , respectively ; p = @ ) ; thus , the excess risk with clopidogrel was @ % , @ % , and @ % , respectively .", "the adjusted hazard ratio for major bleeding for the highest versus the lowest dose of aspirin was @ ( @ % ci @ to @ ) in the placebo group , @ ( @ % ci @ to @ ) in the clopidogrel group , and @ ( @ % ci @ to @ ) in the combined group .", "in patients with acs , adding clopidogrel to aspirin is beneficial regardless of aspirin dose .", "bleeding risks increase with increasing aspirin dose , with or without clopidogrel , without any increase in efficacy .", "our findings suggest that the optimal daily dose of aspirin may be between @ and @ mg , with or without clopidogrel ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['we studied the benefits and risks of adding clopidogrel to different doses of aspirin in the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome ( acs ) .', 'in the clopidogrel in unstable angina to prevent recurrent events ( cure ) trial , @ @ patients with acs using aspirin , @ to @ mg daily , were randomized to clopidogrel or placebo for up to @ year .', 'in this analysis , patients were divided into the following @ aspirin dose groups : < or = @ mg , @ through @ mg , and > or = @ mg .', 'the combined incidence of cardiovascular death , myocardial infarction , or stroke was reduced by clopidogrel regardless of aspirin dose , as follows : < or = @ mg , @ % versus @ % ( relative risk [ rr ] , @ [ @ % ci , @ to @ ] ) ; @ to @ mg , @ % versus @ % ( rr , @ [ @ % ci @ to @ ] ) ; and > or = @ mg , @ % versus @ % ( rr , @ [ @ % ci , @ to @ ] ) .', 'the incidence of major bleeding increased with increasing aspirin dose both in the placebo group ( @ % , @ % , and @ % , respectively ; p = @ ) and the clopidogrel group ( @ % , @ % , and @ % , respectively ; p = @ ) ; thus , the excess risk with clopidogrel was @ % , @ % , and @ % , respectively .', 'the adjusted hazard ratio for major bleeding for the highest versus the lowest dose of aspirin was @ ( @ % ci @ to @ ) in the placebo group , @ ( @ % ci @ to @ ) in the clopidogrel group , and @ ( @ % ci @ to @ ) in the combined group .', 'in patients with acs , adding clopidogrel to aspirin is beneficial regardless of aspirin dose .', 'bleeding risks increase with increasing aspirin dose , with or without clopidogrel , without any increase in efficacy .', 'our findings suggest that the optimal daily dose of aspirin may be between @ and @ mg , with or without clopidogrel .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the purpose of this article was to present the preliminary results of a prospective clinical trial comparing titanium plasma-sprayed versus hydroxyapatite-coated titanium plasma-sprayed cylinder ( press fit ) implants in different regions of the mouth .", "sixty-five subjects met the inclusion requirements .", "surgery was done in two phases by four experienced surgeons .", "implant placement and abutment connection were separated by @ to @ months in the mandible , @ to @ months in the maxilla .", "patients were assigned to either titanium plasma-sprayed or hydroxyapatite-coated implants on the day of surgery .", "implant placement was not stratified for the region of the jaws .", "outcome assessment was failure ( loss ) of an implant before or within @ months of second phase surgery .", "three hundred fifty-two implants equally distributed between titanium plasma-sprayed and hydroxyapatite-coated titanium plasma-sprayed implants were placed in four different sites ; anterior maxilla , posterior maxilla , anterior mandible , and posterior mandible .", "there were a total of @ failures ( @ % ) .", "overall , titanium plasma-sprayed implants showed a higher but not significant failure rate compared with hydroxyapatite-coated implants ( p = @ ) .", "although not statistically significant , we believe that a smoking history played an important role in the failure of implants .", "this study suggests that an hydroxyapatite-coating of an implant allows superior initial integration when compared with a titanium plasma-sprayed surface ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the purpose of this article was to present the preliminary results of a prospective clinical trial comparing titanium plasma-sprayed versus hydroxyapatite-coated titanium plasma-sprayed cylinder ( press fit ) implants in different regions of the mouth .', 'sixty-five subjects met the inclusion requirements .', 'surgery was done in two phases by four experienced surgeons .', 'implant placement and abutment connection were separated by @ to @ months in the mandible , @ to @ months in the maxilla .', 'patients were assigned to either titanium plasma-sprayed or hydroxyapatite-coated implants on the day of surgery .', 'implant placement was not stratified for the region of the jaws .', 'outcome assessment was failure ( loss ) of an implant before or within @ months of second phase surgery .', 'three hundred fifty-two implants equally distributed between titanium plasma-sprayed and hydroxyapatite-coated titanium plasma-sprayed implants were placed in four different sites ; anterior maxilla , posterior maxilla , anterior mandible , and posterior mandible .', 'there were a total of @ failures ( @ % ) .', 'overall , titanium plasma-sprayed implants showed a higher but not significant failure rate compared with hydroxyapatite-coated implants ( p = @ ) .', 'although not statistically significant , we believe that a smoking history played an important role in the failure of implants .', 'this study suggests that an hydroxyapatite-coating of an implant allows superior initial integration when compared with a titanium plasma-sprayed surface .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "as difficulty with evacuation is a common occurrence in individuals with spinal cord injury , preparation prior to colonoscopy may be suboptimal and , perhaps , more hazardous .", "to assess the safety and efficacy of bowel cleansing regimens in persons with spinal cord injury .", "randomized , prospective , single blind study comparing polyethylene glycol ( peg ) , oral sodium phosphosoda ( osps ) and combination of both for colonic preparation prior to colonoscopy in subjects with spinal cord injury .", "thirty six subjects with egfr > or = @ ml/min/@ @ m ( @ ) were randomized to peg or osps or peg+osps .", "regardless of bowel preparation employed , > @ % of subjects had unacceptable colonic cleansing .", "no subject in the osps preparation group demonstrated a decrease in egfr or an increase in serum creatinine concentration from the baseline .", "osps and peg+osps preparations caused a transient change in serum potassium , phosphate and calcium concentrations , but no change in electrolytes was noted in the peg group .", "neither osps alone , peg alone nor their combination was sufficient to prepare adequately the bowel for colonoscopy in most patients with spinal cord injury .", "however , administration of osps and/or peg appears to be safe in the spinal cord injury population , provided adequate hydration is provided ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['as difficulty with evacuation is a common occurrence in individuals with spinal cord injury , preparation prior to colonoscopy may be suboptimal and , perhaps , more hazardous .', 'to assess the safety and efficacy of bowel cleansing regimens in persons with spinal cord injury .', 'randomized , prospective , single blind study comparing polyethylene glycol ( peg ) , oral sodium phosphosoda ( osps ) and combination of both for colonic preparation prior to colonoscopy in subjects with spinal cord injury .', 'thirty six subjects with egfr > or = @ ml/min/@ @ m ( @ ) were randomized to peg or osps or peg+osps .', 'regardless of bowel preparation employed , > @ % of subjects had unacceptable colonic cleansing .', 'no subject in the osps preparation group demonstrated a decrease in egfr or an increase in serum creatinine concentration from the baseline .', 'osps and peg+osps preparations caused a transient change in serum potassium , phosphate and calcium concentrations , but no change in electrolytes was noted in the peg group .', 'neither osps alone , peg alone nor their combination was sufficient to prepare adequately the bowel for colonoscopy in most patients with spinal cord injury .', 'however , administration of osps and/or peg appears to be safe in the spinal cord injury population , provided adequate hydration is provided .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the aim of this prospective randomized controlled trial was to investigate the need for prophylactic antibiotherapy in patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent transarterial embolization and to establish the parameters that determine the development of fever > @ degrees c after this procedure .", "sixty-one consecutive patients with cirrhosis undergoing @ procedures were randomized into group i [ ( n = @ ) allocated to receive prophylactic antibiotics ( cefotaxime + metronidazole ) ] and group ii [ ( n = @ ) allocated to receive no antibiotic treatment ] .", "twelve of the @ patients ( @ % ) in group i and @ of the @ patients ( @ % ) in group ii developed fever > @ degrees c after treatment .", "however , none of them developed bacterial infection , and all biological fluid cultures were negative .", "a logistic regression analysis disclosed that the obtention of an extensive tumor necrosis was the unique parameter independently associated with the development of fever .", "antibiotic prophylaxis is therefore not necessary in patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing transarterial embolization .", "the appearance of fever after this procedure does not indicate bacterial infection ; it rather represents a clinical marker of extensive tumor necrosis and thus of a favorable response to treatment ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the aim of this prospective randomized controlled trial was to investigate the need for prophylactic antibiotherapy in patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent transarterial embolization and to establish the parameters that determine the development of fever > @ degrees c after this procedure .', 'sixty-one consecutive patients with cirrhosis undergoing @ procedures were randomized into group i [ ( n = @ ) allocated to receive prophylactic antibiotics ( cefotaxime + metronidazole ) ] and group ii [ ( n = @ ) allocated to receive no antibiotic treatment ] .', 'twelve of the @ patients ( @ % ) in group i and @ of the @ patients ( @ % ) in group ii developed fever > @ degrees c after treatment .', 'however , none of them developed bacterial infection , and all biological fluid cultures were negative .', 'a logistic regression analysis disclosed that the obtention of an extensive tumor necrosis was the unique parameter independently associated with the development of fever .', 'antibiotic prophylaxis is therefore not necessary in patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing transarterial embolization .', 'the appearance of fever after this procedure does not indicate bacterial infection ; it rather represents a clinical marker of extensive tumor necrosis and thus of a favorable response to treatment .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "little is known about the optimal duration of antibiotic therapy for diabetic foot osteomyelitis ( dfo ) .", "this study sought to compare the effectiveness of @ versus @ weeks of antibiotic therapy in patients with dfo treated nonsurgically ( i.e. , antibiotics alone ) .", "this was a prospective randomized trial comparing @ - versus @-week duration of antibiotic treatment .", "remission of osteomyelitis during the monitoring period was defined as complete and persistent ( > @ weeks ) healing of the wound ( if present initially ) , absence of recurrent infection at the initial site or that of adjacent rays , and no need for surgical bone resection or amputation at the end of a follow-up period of at least @ months after completion of antibiotic treatment .", "forty patients followed at five french general hospitals were randomized between january @ and january @ , with @ treated for @ weeks and @ treated for @ weeks with antibiotics .", "the two groups were comparable for all variables recorded at inclusion in the study .", "remission was obtained in @ ( @ % ) patients , with no significant differences between patients treated for @ versus @ weeks ( @/@ vs. @/@ , respectively ; p = @ ) .", "we did not identify any significant parameters associated with patient outcome .", "fewer patients treated for @ weeks experienced gastrointestinal adverse events related to antimicrobial therapy compared with patients treated for @ weeks ( respectively , @ vs. @ % ; p = @ ) .", "the present multicenter prospective randomized study provides data suggesting that @-week duration of antibiotic therapy may be sufficient in patients with dfo for whom nonsurgical treatment is considered ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['little is known about the optimal duration of antibiotic therapy for diabetic foot osteomyelitis ( dfo ) .', 'this study sought to compare the effectiveness of @ versus @ weeks of antibiotic therapy in patients with dfo treated nonsurgically ( i.e. , antibiotics alone ) .', 'this was a prospective randomized trial comparing @ - versus @-week duration of antibiotic treatment .', 'remission of osteomyelitis during the monitoring period was defined as complete and persistent ( > @ weeks ) healing of the wound ( if present initially ) , absence of recurrent infection at the initial site or that of adjacent rays , and no need for surgical bone resection or amputation at the end of a follow-up period of at least @ months after completion of antibiotic treatment .', 'forty patients followed at five french general hospitals were randomized between january @ and january @ , with @ treated for @ weeks and @ treated for @ weeks with antibiotics .', 'the two groups were comparable for all variables recorded at inclusion in the study .', 'remission was obtained in @ ( @ % ) patients , with no significant differences between patients treated for @ versus @ weeks ( @/@ vs. @/@ , respectively ; p = @ ) .', 'we did not identify any significant parameters associated with patient outcome .', 'fewer patients treated for @ weeks experienced gastrointestinal adverse events related to antimicrobial therapy compared with patients treated for @ weeks ( respectively , @ vs. @ % ; p = @ ) .', 'the present multicenter prospective randomized study provides data suggesting that @-week duration of antibiotic therapy may be sufficient in patients with dfo for whom nonsurgical treatment is considered .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "patients with severe eczema frequently receive systemic glucocorticosteroids .", "the efficacy of prednisolone and other steroids , however , has never been evaluated appropriately .", "a meta-analysis indicated that ciclosporin is the best evaluated systemic treatment for eczema .", "to investigate the comparative efficacy of prednisolone and ciclosporin for severe eczema .", "in an investigator-initiated double-blind randomized multicentre trial , adults with severe eczema ( objective scorad > or = @ and dermatology life quality index > or = @ ) were randomly allocated to receive prednisolone ( initial dose @-@ @ mg kg ( -@ ) daily ) for @ weeks followed by placebo for @ weeks or ciclosporin ( @-@ @ mg kg ( -@ ) daily ) for @ weeks and followed for another @ weeks .", "concomitant treatment included a moderately potent topical steroid , emollients , and continuation of antihistamines .", "primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with stable remission , i.e. > or = @ % scorad improvement under active treatment and no flare ( > or = @ % of baseline scorad ) during follow-up .", "sample size calculation indicated that @ patients were needed to see clinically relevant differences between groups .", "analysis was by intention-to-treat ( clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct@ ) .", "because of unexpectedly high numbers of withdrawals due to significant exacerbations of eczema ( n = @/@ ) an independent data monitoring and safety board proposed early study termination .", "thirty-eight patients were randomized and analysed .", "stable remission was achieved in one of @ patients receiving prednisolone compared with six of @ patients treated with ciclosporin ( p = @ ) .", "ciclosporin is significantly more efficacious than prednisolone for severe adult eczema .", "despite its frequent use in daily practice , prednisolone is not recommended to induce stable remission of eczema ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['patients with severe eczema frequently receive systemic glucocorticosteroids .', 'the efficacy of prednisolone and other steroids , however , has never been evaluated appropriately .', 'a meta-analysis indicated that ciclosporin is the best evaluated systemic treatment for eczema .', 'to investigate the comparative efficacy of prednisolone and ciclosporin for severe eczema .', 'in an investigator-initiated double-blind randomized multicentre trial , adults with severe eczema ( objective scorad > or = @ and dermatology life quality index > or = @ ) were randomly allocated to receive prednisolone ( initial dose @-@ @ mg kg ( -@ ) daily ) for @ weeks followed by placebo for @ weeks or ciclosporin ( @-@ @ mg kg ( -@ ) daily ) for @ weeks and followed for another @ weeks .', 'concomitant treatment included a moderately potent topical steroid , emollients , and continuation of antihistamines .', 'primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with stable remission , i.e. > or = @ % scorad improvement under active treatment and no flare ( > or = @ % of baseline scorad ) during follow-up .', 'sample size calculation indicated that @ patients were needed to see clinically relevant differences between groups .', 'analysis was by intention-to-treat ( clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct@ ) .', 'because of unexpectedly high numbers of withdrawals due to significant exacerbations of eczema ( n = @/@ ) an independent data monitoring and safety board proposed early study termination .', 'thirty-eight patients were randomized and analysed .', 'stable remission was achieved in one of @ patients receiving prednisolone compared with six of @ patients treated with ciclosporin ( p = @ ) .', 'ciclosporin is significantly more efficacious than prednisolone for severe adult eczema .', 'despite its frequent use in daily practice , prednisolone is not recommended to induce stable remission of eczema .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to assess the effects of intravitreal ranibizumab on diabetic retinopathy ( dr ) severity when administered for up to @ years , evaluate the effect of delayed initiation of ranibizumab therapy on dr severity , and identify baseline patient characteristics associated with the development of proliferative dr ( pdr ) .", "exploratory analyses of phase iii , randomized , double-masked , sham-controlled multicenter clinical trials .", "adults with diabetic macular edema ( dme ) ( n = @ ) , baseline best-corrected visual acuity @/@ to @/@ snellen equivalent , and central foveal thickness @ m.", "patients were randomized to monthly @ or @ mg ranibizumab or sham injections .", "sham participants could switch to @ mg ranibizumab during the third year ( sham/@ @ mg crossover ) .", "baseline risk factors were evaluated to explore potential associations with development of pdr .", "time to first development of pdr was analyzed by kaplan-meier methods to calculate cumulative probabilities by group .", "study eye change on the early treatment diabetic retinopathy study severity scale and a composite clinical outcome evaluating progression to pdr based on photographic changes plus clinically important events defining pdr .", "at month @ , a greater proportion of ranibizumab-treated eyes had @ - or @-step dr improvement compared with sham/@ @ mg crossover .", "a @-step improvement was achieved at @ months by @ % , @ % , and @ % of sham/@ @ mg , @ mg , and @ mg ranibizumab-treated eyes , respectively ( p < @ ) .", "through @ months , @ % of eyes in the sham/@ @ mg group developed pdr , as measured by composite outcome , compared with @ % and @ % of eyes treated with @ or @ mg ranibizumab , respectively .", "the presence of macular capillary nonperfusion at baseline seems to be associated with progression to pdr in ranibizumab-treated eyes but did not meaningfully influence visual acuity improvement in eyes with dme after ranibizumab therapy .", "ranibizumab , as administered to patients with dme for @ to @ months in these studies , can both improve dr severity and prevent worsening .", "prolonged delays in initiation of ranibizumab therapy may limit this therapeutic effect .", "although uncommon , the development of pdr still occurs in a small percentage of eyes undergoing anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy and may be related to the presence of macular nonperfusion ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to assess the effects of intravitreal ranibizumab on diabetic retinopathy ( dr ) severity when administered for up to @ years , evaluate the effect of delayed initiation of ranibizumab therapy on dr severity , and identify baseline patient characteristics associated with the development of proliferative dr ( pdr ) .', 'exploratory analyses of phase iii , randomized , double-masked , sham-controlled multicenter clinical trials .', 'adults with diabetic macular edema ( dme ) ( n = @ ) , baseline best-corrected visual acuity @/@ to @/@ snellen equivalent , and central foveal thickness @ m.', 'patients were randomized to monthly @ or @ mg ranibizumab or sham injections .', 'sham participants could switch to @ mg ranibizumab during the third year ( sham/@ @ mg crossover ) .', 'baseline risk factors were evaluated to explore potential associations with development of pdr .', 'time to first development of pdr was analyzed by kaplan-meier methods to calculate cumulative probabilities by group .', 'study eye change on the early treatment diabetic retinopathy study severity scale and a composite clinical outcome evaluating progression to pdr based on photographic changes plus clinically important events defining pdr .', 'at month @ , a greater proportion of ranibizumab-treated eyes had @ - or @-step dr improvement compared with sham/@ @ mg crossover .', 'a @-step improvement was achieved at @ months by @ % , @ % , and @ % of sham/@ @ mg , @ mg , and @ mg ranibizumab-treated eyes , respectively ( p < @ ) .', 'through @ months , @ % of eyes in the sham/@ @ mg group developed pdr , as measured by composite outcome , compared with @ % and @ % of eyes treated with @ or @ mg ranibizumab , respectively .', 'the presence of macular capillary nonperfusion at baseline seems to be associated with progression to pdr in ranibizumab-treated eyes but did not meaningfully influence visual acuity improvement in eyes with dme after ranibizumab therapy .', 'ranibizumab , as administered to patients with dme for @ to @ months in these studies , can both improve dr severity and prevent worsening .', 'prolonged delays in initiation of ranibizumab therapy may limit this therapeutic effect .', 'although uncommon , the development of pdr still occurs in a small percentage of eyes undergoing anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy and may be related to the presence of macular nonperfusion .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "diesel exhaust enhances allergic inflammation , and pollutants are associated with heightened susceptibility to viral respiratory infections .", "the effects of combined diesel and virus exposure in humans are unknown .", "test whether acute exposure to diesel modifies inflammatory responses to influenza virus in normal humans and those with allergies .", "we conducted a double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled study of nasal responses to live attenuated influenza virus in normal volunteers and those with allergic rhinitis exposed to diesel ( @ g/m ( @ ) ) or clean air for @ hours , followed by standard dose of virus and serial nasal lavages .", "endpoints were inflammatory mediators ( elisa ) and virus quantity ( quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ) .", "to test for exposure effect , we used multiple regression with exposure group ( diesel vs. air ) as the main explanatory variable and allergic status as an additional factor .", "baseline levels of mediators did not differ among groups .", "for most postvirus nasal cytokine responses , there was no significant diesel effect , and no significant interaction with allergy .", "however , diesel was associated with significantly increased ifn - responses ( p = @ ) , with no interaction with allergy in the regression model .", "eotaxin-@ ( p = @ ) , eosinophil cationic protein ( p < @ ) , and influenza rna sequences in nasal cells ( p = @ ) were significantly increased with diesel exposure , linked to allergy .", "short-term exposure to diesel exhaust leads to increased eosinophil activation and increased virus quantity after virus inoculation in those with allergic rhinitis .", "this is consistent with previous literature suggesting a diesel `` adjuvant '' effect promoting allergic inflammation , and our data further suggest this change may be associated with reduced virus clearance.clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov ( nct@ ) ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['diesel exhaust enhances allergic inflammation , and pollutants are associated with heightened susceptibility to viral respiratory infections .', 'the effects of combined diesel and virus exposure in humans are unknown .', 'test whether acute exposure to diesel modifies inflammatory responses to influenza virus in normal humans and those with allergies .', 'we conducted a double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled study of nasal responses to live attenuated influenza virus in normal volunteers and those with allergic rhinitis exposed to diesel ( @ g/m ( @ ) ) or clean air for @ hours , followed by standard dose of virus and serial nasal lavages .', 'endpoints were inflammatory mediators ( elisa ) and virus quantity ( quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ) .', 'to test for exposure effect , we used multiple regression with exposure group ( diesel vs. air ) as the main explanatory variable and allergic status as an additional factor .', 'baseline levels of mediators did not differ among groups .', 'for most postvirus nasal cytokine responses , there was no significant diesel effect , and no significant interaction with allergy .', 'however , diesel was associated with significantly increased ifn - responses ( p = @ ) , with no interaction with allergy in the regression model .', 'eotaxin-@ ( p = @ ) , eosinophil cationic protein ( p < @ ) , and influenza rna sequences in nasal cells ( p = @ ) were significantly increased with diesel exposure , linked to allergy .', 'short-term exposure to diesel exhaust leads to increased eosinophil activation and increased virus quantity after virus inoculation in those with allergic rhinitis .', \"this is consistent with previous literature suggesting a diesel `` adjuvant '' effect promoting allergic inflammation , and our data further suggest this change may be associated with reduced virus clearance.clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov ( nct@ ) .\"]" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare , in a phase iv trial , the efficacy and tolerability of artesunate-amodiaquine ( camoquin plus ) dosed at @ and @ mg of amodiaquine per tablet to artemether-lumefantrine ( coartem ) for the treatment of plasmodium falciparum uncomplicated malaria in ivory coast and senegal .", "multisite , randomised , open-labelled study in patients over the age of @ years .", "the primary endpoint for efficacy was adequate clinical and parasitological response ( acpr ) at day @ .", "the secondary endpoints were fever and parasite clearance and gametocyte carriage in each treatment group .", "drug tolerability was assessed comparing adverse events and modification of biological parameters between d@ and d@ .", "data were analysed on an intention-to-treat and per protocol basis .", "we included @ patients ; @ patients completed the monitoring to d@ ( @ in as + aq group and @ in al group ) .", "in itt analysis , an acpr corrected rate of @ % was observed in as + aq group versus @ % in al group ( p = @ ) .", "no parasite recrudescence was observed in as + aq arm .", "all patients in both groups had a fever and parasite clearance at d@ .", "gametocytes had disappeared by d@ in the al group and by d@ in the as + aq group .", "no serious adverse events were observed .", "minor adverse events were significantly more frequent in the as + aq arm .", "biological parameters between d@ and d@ did not show any significant statistical variations except for anaemia .", "this study demonstrates the efficacy and tolerability of as + aq for uncomplicated plasmodium falciparum malaria treatment in african patients over the age of @ years ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to compare , in a phase iv trial , the efficacy and tolerability of artesunate-amodiaquine ( camoquin plus ) dosed at @ and @ mg of amodiaquine per tablet to artemether-lumefantrine ( coartem ) for the treatment of plasmodium falciparum uncomplicated malaria in ivory coast and senegal .', 'multisite , randomised , open-labelled study in patients over the age of @ years .', 'the primary endpoint for efficacy was adequate clinical and parasitological response ( acpr ) at day @ .', 'the secondary endpoints were fever and parasite clearance and gametocyte carriage in each treatment group .', 'drug tolerability was assessed comparing adverse events and modification of biological parameters between d@ and d@ .', 'data were analysed on an intention-to-treat and per protocol basis .', 'we included @ patients ; @ patients completed the monitoring to d@ ( @ in as + aq group and @ in al group ) .', 'in itt analysis , an acpr corrected rate of @ % was observed in as + aq group versus @ % in al group ( p = @ ) .', 'no parasite recrudescence was observed in as + aq arm .', 'all patients in both groups had a fever and parasite clearance at d@ .', 'gametocytes had disappeared by d@ in the al group and by d@ in the as + aq group .', 'no serious adverse events were observed .', 'minor adverse events were significantly more frequent in the as + aq arm .', 'biological parameters between d@ and d@ did not show any significant statistical variations except for anaemia .', 'this study demonstrates the efficacy and tolerability of as + aq for uncomplicated plasmodium falciparum malaria treatment in african patients over the age of @ years .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare the efficacy and safety of induction of labour by vaginal application of dinoprostone or misoprostol or transcervical insertion of a balloon ( bard ) catheter .", "a non-blinded , randomised , controlled trial .", "a tertiary level swedish hospital .", "a total of @ women who had undergone full-term pregnancies , not previously been subjected to a caesarean section , and required induction of labour for common , routine indications .", "women were randomly assigned to induction of labour using intravaginal dinoprostone ( @ mg once every @ hours ) or misoprostol ( @ micrograms once every @ hours ) or a transcervical balloon catheter .", "the time interval between induction to delivery in general and vaginal delivery in particular , the mode of delivery , maternal and neonatal parameters of outcome .", "of the @ subjects included in the final intention-to-treat analysis , @ were assigned to treatment with dinoprostone , @ with misoprostol and @ with the balloon catheter .", "the shortest mean induction-to-delivery interval was obtained with the catheter ( @ hours versus @ and @ hours for dinoprostone and misoprostol , respectively ) .", "the efficacies of the two prostaglandins were similar .", "the maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with each of the three procedures were similar .", "induction of labour with a transcervical balloon catheter is effective and safe and can be recommended as the first choice .", "the two prostaglandins , dinoprostone and misoprostol , were shown to be equally effective and safe , while misoprostol costs significantly less and is easier to store ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to compare the efficacy and safety of induction of labour by vaginal application of dinoprostone or misoprostol or transcervical insertion of a balloon ( bard ) catheter .', 'a non-blinded , randomised , controlled trial .', 'a tertiary level swedish hospital .', 'a total of @ women who had undergone full-term pregnancies , not previously been subjected to a caesarean section , and required induction of labour for common , routine indications .', 'women were randomly assigned to induction of labour using intravaginal dinoprostone ( @ mg once every @ hours ) or misoprostol ( @ micrograms once every @ hours ) or a transcervical balloon catheter .', 'the time interval between induction to delivery in general and vaginal delivery in particular , the mode of delivery , maternal and neonatal parameters of outcome .', 'of the @ subjects included in the final intention-to-treat analysis , @ were assigned to treatment with dinoprostone , @ with misoprostol and @ with the balloon catheter .', 'the shortest mean induction-to-delivery interval was obtained with the catheter ( @ hours versus @ and @ hours for dinoprostone and misoprostol , respectively ) .', 'the efficacies of the two prostaglandins were similar .', 'the maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with each of the three procedures were similar .', 'induction of labour with a transcervical balloon catheter is effective and safe and can be recommended as the first choice .', 'the two prostaglandins , dinoprostone and misoprostol , were shown to be equally effective and safe , while misoprostol costs significantly less and is easier to store .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "diabetic patients treated with metformin have a lower risk of developing bc or a better bc prognosis .", "metformin might reduce cancer growth through direct antiproliferative effects or through indirect mechanisms , particularly the reduction of insulin .", "in a randomized study on nondiabetic bc patients in natural menopause with hightestosterone levels , we observed a significant decrease in insulin and in testosterone levels with metformin @mg/d compared with @ mg/d .", "we present the results of a new analysis of our study on the effect of metformin on the bioavailability of sex hormones .", "one hundred twenty-four eligible women were initiallyinvited to take metformin @ mg/d for @ months .", "the @ women who completed the first @ months continued the study using @ mg/d for @ month .", "the women were then randomized into @ groups , and , for the subsequent @months , @ group increased the dose to @ mg/d , and the other group continued with @ mg/d .", "ninety-six women completed the study , @ receiving metformin @ mg/day , and @ receiving @ mg/day .", "the women receiving @ mg/d showed a greater and significant reduction of free testosterone ( -@ % ) and estradiol ( -@ % ) , a borderline significant reduction of estrone and insulin-like growth factor-@ , and a nonsignificant reduction of androstenedione .", "they also showed a nonsignificant increase of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate .", "metformin does not interfere with the production of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate .", "besides , it decreases estradiol levels , basically through the reduction of testosterone .", "these hormonal changes might have clinical relevance ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['diabetic patients treated with metformin have a lower risk of developing bc or a better bc prognosis .', 'metformin might reduce cancer growth through direct antiproliferative effects or through indirect mechanisms , particularly the reduction of insulin .', 'in a randomized study on nondiabetic bc patients in natural menopause with hightestosterone levels , we observed a significant decrease in insulin and in testosterone levels with metformin @mg/d compared with @ mg/d .', 'we present the results of a new analysis of our study on the effect of metformin on the bioavailability of sex hormones .', 'one hundred twenty-four eligible women were initiallyinvited to take metformin @ mg/d for @ months .', 'the @ women who completed the first @ months continued the study using @ mg/d for @ month .', 'the women were then randomized into @ groups , and , for the subsequent @months , @ group increased the dose to @ mg/d , and the other group continued with @ mg/d .', 'ninety-six women completed the study , @ receiving metformin @ mg/day , and @ receiving @ mg/day .', 'the women receiving @ mg/d showed a greater and significant reduction of free testosterone ( -@ % ) and estradiol ( -@ % ) , a borderline significant reduction of estrone and insulin-like growth factor-@ , and a nonsignificant reduction of androstenedione .', 'they also showed a nonsignificant increase of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate .', 'metformin does not interfere with the production of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate .', 'besides , it decreases estradiol levels , basically through the reduction of testosterone .', 'these hormonal changes might have clinical relevance .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to observe the clinical therapeutic effect of xinmaitong on hypertension .", "@ primary hypertension patients were assigned to xinmaitong group and nimodipine group randomly .", "compare the effective rate between two groups after @ weeks ' therapy .", "the degree of decreasing blood pressure of xinmaitong group was obviously higher than nimodipine group , there was significant difference between them ( p < @ ) .", "the effect to therapy hypertension of xinmaitong is better than nimodipine , and there is no obvious adverse effect ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to observe the clinical therapeutic effect of xinmaitong on hypertension .', '@ primary hypertension patients were assigned to xinmaitong group and nimodipine group randomly .', \"compare the effective rate between two groups after @ weeks ' therapy .\", 'the degree of decreasing blood pressure of xinmaitong group was obviously higher than nimodipine group , there was significant difference between them ( p < @ ) .', 'the effect to therapy hypertension of xinmaitong is better than nimodipine , and there is no obvious adverse effect .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the oxidative burden in the airways is a hallmark of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) .", "this prospective , cross-over , placebo ( pl ) - controlled study was designed to investigate the effect of n-acetyl-l-cysteine ( nac ) on hydrogen peroxide ( h ( @ ) o ( @ ) ) , nitrites and nitrates ( no ( @ ) ( - ) + no ( @ ) ( - ) ) , and thiol ( rsh ) concentrations in exhaled breath condensate ( ebc ) in stable copd patients ( n = @ , aged @ + / -@ years , @ females , mean fev ( @ ) @ + / -@ % , fev ( @ ) / fvc @ + / -@ % ) .", "h ( @ ) o ( @ ) , no ( @ ) ( - ) + no ( @ ) ( - ) and rsh concentrations in ebc were determined with homovanillic acid , nadph-nitrite reductase assays and ellman 's reaction , respectively .", "thirty minutes after nebulization , h ( @ ) o ( @ ) concentration increased if levels after nac ( @ + / -@ microm ) and pl ( @ + / -@ microm ) were compared in copd patients ( p = @ ) .", "this increased h ( @ ) o ( @ ) level in ebc was no longer observed either after @min : @ + / -@ microm ( pl @ + / -@ microm ) or @h : @ + / -@ microm ( pl @ + / -@ microm ) ( p = @ and @ , respectively ) .", "the levels of no ( @ ) ( - ) and no ( @ ) ( - ) did not differ between nac and pl .", "there was no significant difference in rsh levels between nebulized nac and pl .", "after nebulized nac , however , exhaled rsh increased from @ + / -@ microm ( @min ) to @ + / -@ microm ( @min ) , and @ + / -@ microm ( @min ) ( p = @ and @ , respectively , compared with @min ) .", "these data demonstrate that nebulized nac transiently increases exhaled h ( @ ) o ( @ ) level , whereas it has no effect on other oxidative parameters ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the oxidative burden in the airways is a hallmark of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) .', 'this prospective , cross-over , placebo ( pl ) - controlled study was designed to investigate the effect of n-acetyl-l-cysteine ( nac ) on hydrogen peroxide ( h ( @ ) o ( @ ) ) , nitrites and nitrates ( no ( @ ) ( - ) + no ( @ ) ( - ) ) , and thiol ( rsh ) concentrations in exhaled breath condensate ( ebc ) in stable copd patients ( n = @ , aged @ + / -@ years , @ females , mean fev ( @ ) @ + / -@ % , fev ( @ ) / fvc @ + / -@ % ) .', \"h ( @ ) o ( @ ) , no ( @ ) ( - ) + no ( @ ) ( - ) and rsh concentrations in ebc were determined with homovanillic acid , nadph-nitrite reductase assays and ellman 's reaction , respectively .\", 'thirty minutes after nebulization , h ( @ ) o ( @ ) concentration increased if levels after nac ( @ + / -@ microm ) and pl ( @ + / -@ microm ) were compared in copd patients ( p = @ ) .', 'this increased h ( @ ) o ( @ ) level in ebc was no longer observed either after @min : @ + / -@ microm ( pl @ + / -@ microm ) or @h : @ + / -@ microm ( pl @ + / -@ microm ) ( p = @ and @ , respectively ) .', 'the levels of no ( @ ) ( - ) and no ( @ ) ( - ) did not differ between nac and pl .', 'there was no significant difference in rsh levels between nebulized nac and pl .', 'after nebulized nac , however , exhaled rsh increased from @ + / -@ microm ( @min ) to @ + / -@ microm ( @min ) , and @ + / -@ microm ( @min ) ( p = @ and @ , respectively , compared with @min ) .', 'these data demonstrate that nebulized nac transiently increases exhaled h ( @ ) o ( @ ) level , whereas it has no effect on other oxidative parameters .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "patients with clinical symptoms of esophageal dysfunction and dense eosinophilic infiltration of the esophageal mucosa are suspected to have eosinophilic esophagitis ( eoe ) .", "topical steroids are often used as first-line therapy for eoe , although some patients respond clinically to proton pump inhibitors ( ppis ) .", "the purpose of this study was to compare the histological and clinical response of patients with esophageal eosinophilia treated with aerosolized swallowed fluticasone propionate vs. esomeprazole .", "this prospective single-blinded randomized controlled trial enrolled newly diagnosed patients with suspected eoe , defined as having clinical symptoms related to esophageal dysfunction with at least @ eosinophils/high power field ( hpf ) .", "patients underwent @-h ph/impedance monitoring to establish gastroesophageal reflux disease ( gerd ) .", "patients were stratified by the presence of gerd and randomized to receive fluticasone @ mcg twice daily or esomeprazole @ mg once daily for @ weeks followed by repeat endoscopy with biopsies .", "the primary outcome was histological response of esophageal eosinophilia , defined as < @ eosinophils/hpf .", "secondary outcomes included clinical change in symptoms using the validated mayo dysphagia questionnaire ( mdq ) and interval change in endoscopic findings following treatment .", "forty-two patients ( @ % male , @ % white , mean age @ @ years ) were randomized into fluticasone ( n = @ ) and esomeprazole ( n = @ ) treatment arms .", "in all , @ % ( @/@ ) of patients had coexisting gerd and were equally stratified into each arm ( n = @ ) .", "overall , there was no significant difference in resolution of esophageal eosinophilia between fluticasone and esomeprazole ( @ vs. @ % , p = @ ) .", "in patients with established gerd , resolution of esophageal eosinophilia was noted in @ % ( @/@ ) of the fluticasone group compared with @ % ( @/@ ) of the esomeprazole group ( p = @ ) .", "in gerd-negative patients , there was no significant difference in resolution of esophageal eosinophilia between treatment arms with fluticasone and esomeprazole ( @ vs. @ % , p = @ ) .", "the mdq score significantly decreased after treatment with esomeprazole ( @ @ vs. @ @ , p < @ ) , but not with fluticasone ( @ @ vs. @ @ , p = @ ) .", "improvement in endoscopic findings and other histological markers were similar between treatment groups .", "fluticasone and esomeprazole provide a similar histological response for esophageal eosinophilia .", "with regard to clinical response , esomeprazole was superior to fluticasone , particularly in patients with established gerd ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['patients with clinical symptoms of esophageal dysfunction and dense eosinophilic infiltration of the esophageal mucosa are suspected to have eosinophilic esophagitis ( eoe ) .', 'topical steroids are often used as first-line therapy for eoe , although some patients respond clinically to proton pump inhibitors ( ppis ) .', 'the purpose of this study was to compare the histological and clinical response of patients with esophageal eosinophilia treated with aerosolized swallowed fluticasone propionate vs. esomeprazole .', 'this prospective single-blinded randomized controlled trial enrolled newly diagnosed patients with suspected eoe , defined as having clinical symptoms related to esophageal dysfunction with at least @ eosinophils/high power field ( hpf ) .', 'patients underwent @-h ph/impedance monitoring to establish gastroesophageal reflux disease ( gerd ) .', 'patients were stratified by the presence of gerd and randomized to receive fluticasone @ mcg twice daily or esomeprazole @ mg once daily for @ weeks followed by repeat endoscopy with biopsies .', 'the primary outcome was histological response of esophageal eosinophilia , defined as < @ eosinophils/hpf .', 'secondary outcomes included clinical change in symptoms using the validated mayo dysphagia questionnaire ( mdq ) and interval change in endoscopic findings following treatment .', 'forty-two patients ( @ % male , @ % white , mean age @ @ years ) were randomized into fluticasone ( n = @ ) and esomeprazole ( n = @ ) treatment arms .', 'in all , @ % ( @/@ ) of patients had coexisting gerd and were equally stratified into each arm ( n = @ ) .', 'overall , there was no significant difference in resolution of esophageal eosinophilia between fluticasone and esomeprazole ( @ vs. @ % , p = @ ) .', 'in patients with established gerd , resolution of esophageal eosinophilia was noted in @ % ( @/@ ) of the fluticasone group compared with @ % ( @/@ ) of the esomeprazole group ( p = @ ) .', 'in gerd-negative patients , there was no significant difference in resolution of esophageal eosinophilia between treatment arms with fluticasone and esomeprazole ( @ vs. @ % , p = @ ) .', 'the mdq score significantly decreased after treatment with esomeprazole ( @ @ vs. @ @ , p < @ ) , but not with fluticasone ( @ @ vs. @ @ , p = @ ) .', 'improvement in endoscopic findings and other histological markers were similar between treatment groups .', 'fluticasone and esomeprazole provide a similar histological response for esophageal eosinophilia .', 'with regard to clinical response , esomeprazole was superior to fluticasone , particularly in patients with established gerd .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate the efficacy of the transillumination technique for precisely locating the ciliary sulcus in transscleral fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses ( pc iols ) by determining the haptic positions with ultrasound biomicroscopy ( ubm ) .", "department of ophthalmology , numune training and research hospital , ankara , turkey .", "ultrasound biomicroscopy was used to determine the haptic positions in eyes with ab externo transsclerally fixated pc iols .", "eyes were randomly assigned to a control group , in which transscleral fixation of a pc iol was performed , or an endoilluminator-assisted group , in which transscleral fixation was combined with transillumination .", "the study evaluated @ eyes of @ patients ranging in age from @ to @ years .", "the control group comprised @ eyes ( @ patients ) and the endoilluminator-assisted group , @ eyes ( @ patients ) .", "all haptics were easily visualized with ubm .", "the ubm examination showed that the rate of haptics located in the sulcus was statistically significantly higher in the endoilluminator-assisted group ( @ % ) than in the control group ( @ % ) ( p = @ ) .", "there was no significant difference in either group in the rate of precise sulcus location between the straight needle and the @-gauge insulin needle ( p > @ ) .", "ultrasound biomicroscopy showed the difficulty in reliably suturing the haptics in the ciliary sulcus , even with the use of a transillumination technique .", "however , the results suggest that the transillumination technique is a safe and easy procedure and helps the surgeon identify the ciliary sulcus during transscleral fixation of pc iols more precisely than without the use of transillumination ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to evaluate the efficacy of the transillumination technique for precisely locating the ciliary sulcus in transscleral fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses ( pc iols ) by determining the haptic positions with ultrasound biomicroscopy ( ubm ) .', 'department of ophthalmology , numune training and research hospital , ankara , turkey .', 'ultrasound biomicroscopy was used to determine the haptic positions in eyes with ab externo transsclerally fixated pc iols .', 'eyes were randomly assigned to a control group , in which transscleral fixation of a pc iol was performed , or an endoilluminator-assisted group , in which transscleral fixation was combined with transillumination .', 'the study evaluated @ eyes of @ patients ranging in age from @ to @ years .', 'the control group comprised @ eyes ( @ patients ) and the endoilluminator-assisted group , @ eyes ( @ patients ) .', 'all haptics were easily visualized with ubm .', 'the ubm examination showed that the rate of haptics located in the sulcus was statistically significantly higher in the endoilluminator-assisted group ( @ % ) than in the control group ( @ % ) ( p = @ ) .', 'there was no significant difference in either group in the rate of precise sulcus location between the straight needle and the @-gauge insulin needle ( p > @ ) .', 'ultrasound biomicroscopy showed the difficulty in reliably suturing the haptics in the ciliary sulcus , even with the use of a transillumination technique .', 'however , the results suggest that the transillumination technique is a safe and easy procedure and helps the surgeon identify the ciliary sulcus during transscleral fixation of pc iols more precisely than without the use of transillumination .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "rapid opioid detoxification with opioid antagonist induction using general anesthesia has emerged as an expensive , potentially dangerous , unproven approach to treat opioid dependence .", "to determine how anesthesia-assisted detoxification with rapid antagonist induction for heroin dependence compared with @ alternative detoxification and antagonist induction methods .", "a total of @ treatment-seeking heroin-dependent patients , aged @ through @ years , were randomly assigned to @ of @ inpatient withdrawal treatments over @ hours followed by @ weeks of outpatient naltrexone maintenance with relapse prevention psychotherapy .", "this randomized trial was conducted between @ and @ at columbia university medical center 's clinical research center .", "outpatient treatment occurred at the columbia university research service for substance use disorders .", "patients were included if they had an american society of anesthesiologists physical status of i or ii , were without major comorbid psychiatric illness , and were not dependent on other drugs or alcohol .", "anesthesia-assisted rapid opioid detoxification with naltrexone induction , buprenorphine-assisted rapid opioid detoxification with naltrexone induction , and clonidine-assisted opioid detoxification with delayed naltrexone induction .", "withdrawal severity scores on objective and subjective scales ; proportions of patients receiving naltrexone , completing inpatient detoxification , and retained in treatment ; proportion of opioid-positive urine specimens .", "mean withdrawal severities were comparable across the @ treatments .", "compared with clonidine-assisted detoxification , the anesthesia - and buprenorphine-assisted detoxification interventions had significantly greater rates of naltrexone induction ( @ % anesthesia , @ % buprenorphine , and @ % clonidine ) , but the groups did not differ in rates of completion of inpatient detoxification .", "treatment retention over @ weeks was not significantly different among groups with @ of @ ( @ % ) retained in the anesthesia-assisted group , @ of @ ( @ % ) in the buprenorphine-assisted group , and @ of @ ( @ % ) in the clonidine-assisted group .", "induction with @ mg of naltrexone significantly reduced the risk of dropping out ( odds ratio , @ ; @ % confidence interval , @-@ @ ) .", "there were no significant group differences in proportions of opioid-positive urine specimens .", "the anesthesia procedure was associated with @ potentially life-threatening adverse events .", "these data do not support the use of general anesthesia for heroin detoxification and rapid opioid antagonist induction ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['rapid opioid detoxification with opioid antagonist induction using general anesthesia has emerged as an expensive , potentially dangerous , unproven approach to treat opioid dependence .', 'to determine how anesthesia-assisted detoxification with rapid antagonist induction for heroin dependence compared with @ alternative detoxification and antagonist induction methods .', 'a total of @ treatment-seeking heroin-dependent patients , aged @ through @ years , were randomly assigned to @ of @ inpatient withdrawal treatments over @ hours followed by @ weeks of outpatient naltrexone maintenance with relapse prevention psychotherapy .', \"this randomized trial was conducted between @ and @ at columbia university medical center 's clinical research center .\", 'outpatient treatment occurred at the columbia university research service for substance use disorders .', 'patients were included if they had an american society of anesthesiologists physical status of i or ii , were without major comorbid psychiatric illness , and were not dependent on other drugs or alcohol .', 'anesthesia-assisted rapid opioid detoxification with naltrexone induction , buprenorphine-assisted rapid opioid detoxification with naltrexone induction , and clonidine-assisted opioid detoxification with delayed naltrexone induction .', 'withdrawal severity scores on objective and subjective scales ; proportions of patients receiving naltrexone , completing inpatient detoxification , and retained in treatment ; proportion of opioid-positive urine specimens .', 'mean withdrawal severities were comparable across the @ treatments .', 'compared with clonidine-assisted detoxification , the anesthesia - and buprenorphine-assisted detoxification interventions had significantly greater rates of naltrexone induction ( @ % anesthesia , @ % buprenorphine , and @ % clonidine ) , but the groups did not differ in rates of completion of inpatient detoxification .', 'treatment retention over @ weeks was not significantly different among groups with @ of @ ( @ % ) retained in the anesthesia-assisted group , @ of @ ( @ % ) in the buprenorphine-assisted group , and @ of @ ( @ % ) in the clonidine-assisted group .', 'induction with @ mg of naltrexone significantly reduced the risk of dropping out ( odds ratio , @ ; @ % confidence interval , @-@ @ ) .', 'there were no significant group differences in proportions of opioid-positive urine specimens .', 'the anesthesia procedure was associated with @ potentially life-threatening adverse events .', 'these data do not support the use of general anesthesia for heroin detoxification and rapid opioid antagonist induction .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "upper airway obstruction ( uao ) is a major problem in unconscious subjects , making full face mask ventilation difficult .", "the mechanism of uao in unconscious subjects shares many similarities with that of obstructive sleep apnea ( osa ) , especially the hypotonic upper airway seen during rapid eye movement sleep .", "continuous positive airway pressure ( cpap ) via nasal mask is more effective at maintaining airway patency than a full face mask in patients with osa .", "we hypothesized that cpap via nasal mask and ventilation ( ncpap ) would be more effective than full face mask cpap and ventilation ( fmcpap ) for unconscious subjects , and we tested our hypothesis during induction of general anesthesia for elective surgery .", "in total , @ adult subjects requiring general anesthesia were randomly assigned to one of four groups : ncpap p@ , ncpap p@ , fmcpap p@ , and fmcpap p@ , where p@ and p@ represent positive end-expiratory pressure ( peep ) @ and @ cm h@o applied prior to induction .", "after apnea , ventilation was initiated with pressure control ventilation at a peak inspiratory pressure over peep ( pip/peep ) of @/@ , then @/@ , and finally @/@ cm h@o , each applied for @ min .", "at each pressure setting , expired tidal volume ( vte ) was calculated by using a plethysmograph device .", "the rate of effective tidal volume ( vte > estimated anatomical dead space ) was higher ( @ % vs. @ % ; p < @ ) and the median vte was larger ( @ vs. @ ml/kg ; p < @ ) with ncpap than with fmcpap .", "application of cpap prior to induction of general anesthesia did not affect vte in either approach ( ncpap pre - vs. post - ; @ vs. @ ml/kg , p = @ ) ( fmcpap pre - vs. post - ; @ vs. @ ml/kg , p = @ ) .", "ncpap produced more effective tidal volume than fmcpap in unconscious subjects .", "clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct@ ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['upper airway obstruction ( uao ) is a major problem in unconscious subjects , making full face mask ventilation difficult .', 'the mechanism of uao in unconscious subjects shares many similarities with that of obstructive sleep apnea ( osa ) , especially the hypotonic upper airway seen during rapid eye movement sleep .', 'continuous positive airway pressure ( cpap ) via nasal mask is more effective at maintaining airway patency than a full face mask in patients with osa .', 'we hypothesized that cpap via nasal mask and ventilation ( ncpap ) would be more effective than full face mask cpap and ventilation ( fmcpap ) for unconscious subjects , and we tested our hypothesis during induction of general anesthesia for elective surgery .', 'in total , @ adult subjects requiring general anesthesia were randomly assigned to one of four groups : ncpap p@ , ncpap p@ , fmcpap p@ , and fmcpap p@ , where p@ and p@ represent positive end-expiratory pressure ( peep ) @ and @ cm h@o applied prior to induction .', 'after apnea , ventilation was initiated with pressure control ventilation at a peak inspiratory pressure over peep ( pip/peep ) of @/@ , then @/@ , and finally @/@ cm h@o , each applied for @ min .', 'at each pressure setting , expired tidal volume ( vte ) was calculated by using a plethysmograph device .', 'the rate of effective tidal volume ( vte > estimated anatomical dead space ) was higher ( @ % vs. @ % ; p < @ ) and the median vte was larger ( @ vs. @ ml/kg ; p < @ ) with ncpap than with fmcpap .', 'application of cpap prior to induction of general anesthesia did not affect vte in either approach ( ncpap pre - vs. post - ; @ vs. @ ml/kg , p = @ ) ( fmcpap pre - vs. post - ; @ vs. @ ml/kg , p = @ ) .', 'ncpap produced more effective tidal volume than fmcpap in unconscious subjects .', 'clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct@ .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'BACKGROUND']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "alefacept has demonstrated efficacy in clinical trials of patients with chronic plaque psoriasis , either as monotherapy or combined with other treatment modalities such as phototherapy .", "aware ( amevive wisdom acquired from real-world evidence ) is a multicenter , observational , phase iv canadian registry of psoriasis patients treated with alefacept .", "patients with chronic plaque psoriasis were treated with at least one course of alefacept , either alone or added on to their existing antipsoriatic treatment regimen .", "each course of alefacept was followed by a period of at least @ weeks off treatment .", "efficacy outcomes included physicians ' and patients ' assessments of response at week @ , as well as change in percent body surface area ( bsa ) involvement with psoriasis .", "the time to retreatment was assessed in patients receiving a second course of alefacept during at least @ weeks of prospective follow-up .", "the majority of patients received alefacept in combination with other antipsoriatic therapies .", "physicians ' and patients ' assessments of response at @ weeks showed that @ % and @ % of patients , respectively , had a `` cleared to marked response '' and a further @ % had a `` moderate to some response . ''", "among those patients whose psoriasis was moderately controlled or not controlled at baseline , @ to @ % and @ to @ % , respectively , improved to `` cleared to marked response '' at @ weeks .", "a substantial shift in percent bsa involvement with psoriasis was observed at @ weeks , with @ % of patients having a bsa involvement of < @ % at week @ compared to only @ % having this level of bsa involvement at baseline .", "the mean time to retreatment among the @ % of patients who received a second course of alefacept was @ weeks ( range @-@ weeks ) .", "a single course of alefacept therapy improved outcomes in this broad population of real-world chronic plaque psoriasis patients .", "the limitations of this study include its nonrandomized , noncontrolled , noncomparative design , which allowed multiple different treatment approaches across all patients .", "the rating scales used in this study have not been previously validated , and ranges were assigned to baseline control and response data that are not specifically defined .", "clinicians did not receive specific training in using these scales ; therefore , interrater variability could not be assessed ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['alefacept has demonstrated efficacy in clinical trials of patients with chronic plaque psoriasis , either as monotherapy or combined with other treatment modalities such as phototherapy .', 'aware ( amevive wisdom acquired from real-world evidence ) is a multicenter , observational , phase iv canadian registry of psoriasis patients treated with alefacept .', 'patients with chronic plaque psoriasis were treated with at least one course of alefacept , either alone or added on to their existing antipsoriatic treatment regimen .', 'each course of alefacept was followed by a period of at least @ weeks off treatment .', \"efficacy outcomes included physicians ' and patients ' assessments of response at week @ , as well as change in percent body surface area ( bsa ) involvement with psoriasis .\", 'the time to retreatment was assessed in patients receiving a second course of alefacept during at least @ weeks of prospective follow-up .', 'the majority of patients received alefacept in combination with other antipsoriatic therapies .', \"physicians ' and patients ' assessments of response at @ weeks showed that @ % and @ % of patients , respectively , had a `` cleared to marked response '' and a further @ % had a `` moderate to some response . ''\", \"among those patients whose psoriasis was moderately controlled or not controlled at baseline , @ to @ % and @ to @ % , respectively , improved to `` cleared to marked response '' at @ weeks .\", 'a substantial shift in percent bsa involvement with psoriasis was observed at @ weeks , with @ % of patients having a bsa involvement of < @ % at week @ compared to only @ % having this level of bsa involvement at baseline .', 'the mean time to retreatment among the @ % of patients who received a second course of alefacept was @ weeks ( range @-@ weeks ) .', 'a single course of alefacept therapy improved outcomes in this broad population of real-world chronic plaque psoriasis patients .', 'the limitations of this study include its nonrandomized , noncontrolled , noncomparative design , which allowed multiple different treatment approaches across all patients .', 'the rating scales used in this study have not been previously validated , and ranges were assigned to baseline control and response data that are not specifically defined .', 'clinicians did not receive specific training in using these scales ; therefore , interrater variability could not be assessed .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "our study investigated the metabolic benefits deriving from chronic pharmacological vitamin c administration in aged non-insulin dependent ( type ii ) diabetic patients .", "forty type ii diabetic patients ( age : @ + / - @ years ) underwent placebo and vitamin c ( @ g twice daily ) administration in double-blind , randomized , cross-over fashion .", "all patients were treated by oral hypoglycaemic agents which continued throughout the study .", "after baseline observations , treatment periods lasted @ months and were separated by a @-day wash-out period .", "patients ' antropometric data were unchanged throughout the study .", "chronic vitamin c administration vs placebo was associated with a significant decline in fasting plasma free radicals ( @ + / - @ vs @ + / - @ p < @ ) and insulin ( @ + / - @ vs @ + / - @ pmol/l p < @ ) , total - ( @ + / - @ vs @ + / - @ mmol/l p < @ ) , ldl-cholesterol ( @ + / - @ vs @ + / - @ mmol/l p < @ ) and triglycerides ( @ + / - @ vs @ + / - @ mmol/l p < @ ) levels .", "in @ patients , chronic vitamin c administration improved whole body glucose disposal and nonoxidative glucose metabolism .", "percent increase in plasma vitamin c levels correlated with the percent decline in plasma ldl-cholesterol ( r = @ ; p < @ ) and insulin levels ( r = @ ; p < @ ) .", "finally percent increase in plasma vitamin c levels was correlated with the percent decline in plasma free radicals and increase in gsh levels .", "chronic vitamin c administration has beneficial effects upon glucose and lipid metabolism in aged non-insulin dependent ( type ii ) diabetic patients ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['our study investigated the metabolic benefits deriving from chronic pharmacological vitamin c administration in aged non-insulin dependent ( type ii ) diabetic patients .', 'forty type ii diabetic patients ( age : @ + / - @ years ) underwent placebo and vitamin c ( @ g twice daily ) administration in double-blind , randomized , cross-over fashion .', 'all patients were treated by oral hypoglycaemic agents which continued throughout the study .', 'after baseline observations , treatment periods lasted @ months and were separated by a @-day wash-out period .', \"patients ' antropometric data were unchanged throughout the study .\", 'chronic vitamin c administration vs placebo was associated with a significant decline in fasting plasma free radicals ( @ + / - @ vs @ + / - @ p < @ ) and insulin ( @ + / - @ vs @ + / - @ pmol/l p < @ ) , total - ( @ + / - @ vs @ + / - @ mmol/l p < @ ) , ldl-cholesterol ( @ + / - @ vs @ + / - @ mmol/l p < @ ) and triglycerides ( @ + / - @ vs @ + / - @ mmol/l p < @ ) levels .', 'in @ patients , chronic vitamin c administration improved whole body glucose disposal and nonoxidative glucose metabolism .', 'percent increase in plasma vitamin c levels correlated with the percent decline in plasma ldl-cholesterol ( r = @ ; p < @ ) and insulin levels ( r = @ ; p < @ ) .', 'finally percent increase in plasma vitamin c levels was correlated with the percent decline in plasma free radicals and increase in gsh levels .', 'chronic vitamin c administration has beneficial effects upon glucose and lipid metabolism in aged non-insulin dependent ( type ii ) diabetic patients .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "cyclooxygenase-@ ( cox-@ ) and cox-@-derived prostaglandins contribute to acute inflammation and pain , as well as resolution of inflammation ; inhibition of cox-@ results in persistence of inflammation .", "because matrix metalloproteinases ( mmps ) play an essential role in inflammatory tissue injury and their activity is regulated by cox-@-derived prostaglandin e@ , we evaluated whether cox-@ inhibition is associated with mmp overexpression during acute inflammation .", "a total of @ oral mucosal biopsy specimens were taken from @ healthy volunteers who required extraction of impacted third molars .", "subjects randomly received either rofecoxib ( @ mg daily ) , ibuprofen ( @ mg @ times per day ) , or placebo @ minutes before surgery and up to @ hours after surgery .", "total ribonucleic acid extracted from each biopsy specimen was used to analyze changes in gene expression related to the mmp pathway after tissue injury and drug treatments by use of microarray and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in this clinical model of acute inflammation .", "following tissue injury , rofecoxib increased the expression of genes associated with degradation of the extracellular matrix , including mmp-@ ( @ + / - @ , p = @ ) , mmp-@ ( @ + / - @ , p = @ ) , plat ( encoding tissue plasminogen activator ) ( @ + / - @ , p = @ ) , and il@ ( encoding interleukin @ ) ( @ + / - @ , p = @ ) , and decreased the expression of timp@ ( encoding tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase @ ) ( @ + / - @ , p = @ ) .", "ibuprofen produced similar effects on the expression of mmp-@ ( @ + / - @ , p = @ ) and mmp-@ ( @ + / - @ , p = @ ) .", "in contrast , the expression of these genes was not statistically changed after tissue injury in the placebo group .", "the microarray data were in concordance with the changes in gene expression confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction .", "these findings provide evidence at the transcriptional level that inhibition of cox-@ , in the presence of acute inflammation , induces changes in gene expression related to the mmp pathway .", "these changes may contribute to the adverse effects attributed to cox-@ inhibition by interfering with resolution of inflammation ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['cyclooxygenase-@ ( cox-@ ) and cox-@-derived prostaglandins contribute to acute inflammation and pain , as well as resolution of inflammation ; inhibition of cox-@ results in persistence of inflammation .', 'because matrix metalloproteinases ( mmps ) play an essential role in inflammatory tissue injury and their activity is regulated by cox-@-derived prostaglandin e@ , we evaluated whether cox-@ inhibition is associated with mmp overexpression during acute inflammation .', 'a total of @ oral mucosal biopsy specimens were taken from @ healthy volunteers who required extraction of impacted third molars .', 'subjects randomly received either rofecoxib ( @ mg daily ) , ibuprofen ( @ mg @ times per day ) , or placebo @ minutes before surgery and up to @ hours after surgery .', 'total ribonucleic acid extracted from each biopsy specimen was used to analyze changes in gene expression related to the mmp pathway after tissue injury and drug treatments by use of microarray and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in this clinical model of acute inflammation .', 'following tissue injury , rofecoxib increased the expression of genes associated with degradation of the extracellular matrix , including mmp-@ ( @ + / - @ , p = @ ) , mmp-@ ( @ + / - @ , p = @ ) , plat ( encoding tissue plasminogen activator ) ( @ + / - @ , p = @ ) , and il@ ( encoding interleukin @ ) ( @ + / - @ , p = @ ) , and decreased the expression of timp@ ( encoding tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase @ ) ( @ + / - @ , p = @ ) .', 'ibuprofen produced similar effects on the expression of mmp-@ ( @ + / - @ , p = @ ) and mmp-@ ( @ + / - @ , p = @ ) .', 'in contrast , the expression of these genes was not statistically changed after tissue injury in the placebo group .', 'the microarray data were in concordance with the changes in gene expression confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction .', 'these findings provide evidence at the transcriptional level that inhibition of cox-@ , in the presence of acute inflammation , induces changes in gene expression related to the mmp pathway .', 'these changes may contribute to the adverse effects attributed to cox-@ inhibition by interfering with resolution of inflammation .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "intrathecal morphine for cesarean delivery provides excellent postoperative analgesia but is associated with significant nausea and vomiting .", "we compared the antiemetic efficacy of transdermal scopolamine , iv ondansetron , and placebo during the first @ h postoperatively .", "two-hundred forty women undergoing cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia were randomly allocated , in a double-blind study design , to receive transdermal scopolamine @ mg , ondansetron @ mg , or placebo at the time of cord clamping .", "our study showed that the overall rates for all emesis were @ % in the placebo group and were reduced to @ % in the scopolamine group and @ % in the ondansetron group .", "the greatest reduction in emesis in the scopolamine group when compared with placebo was in the @-@ h time period .", "scopolamine is an effective medication for prophylactic use in parturients receiving intrathecal morphine while undergoing cesarean delivery .", "its use , however , was associated with a higher incidence of side effects such as dry mouth and blurry vision ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['intrathecal morphine for cesarean delivery provides excellent postoperative analgesia but is associated with significant nausea and vomiting .', 'we compared the antiemetic efficacy of transdermal scopolamine , iv ondansetron , and placebo during the first @ h postoperatively .', 'two-hundred forty women undergoing cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia were randomly allocated , in a double-blind study design , to receive transdermal scopolamine @ mg , ondansetron @ mg , or placebo at the time of cord clamping .', 'our study showed that the overall rates for all emesis were @ % in the placebo group and were reduced to @ % in the scopolamine group and @ % in the ondansetron group .', 'the greatest reduction in emesis in the scopolamine group when compared with placebo was in the @-@ h time period .', 'scopolamine is an effective medication for prophylactic use in parturients receiving intrathecal morphine while undergoing cesarean delivery .', 'its use , however , was associated with a higher incidence of side effects such as dry mouth and blurry vision .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "treatment of localized prostate carcinoma ( lpc ) using radiotherapy ( rt ) can induce disturbances in a patient 's quality of life ( qol ) and urinary and intestinal function .", "late symptoms and qol were evaluated in a randomized trial between rt and deferred treatment ( dt ) .", "quality of life was evaluated with european organization for research and treatment of cancer 's qlq-c@ ( +@ ) formula .", "urinary and intestinal problems were evaluated with a validated symptom specific self-assessment questionnaire , qufw@ .", "the questionnaires were sent to @ randomized patients with lpc and to an age-matched control group ( n = @ ) .", "mean age was @ years .", "mean total dose was @ grays ( gy ; @-@ gy ) .", "the median follow-up time from randomization was @ months for the rt group and @ months for the dt group .", "social functioning was the only qol scale in which a significant difference was found between the two patient groups and compared with the control group .", "multivariate regression analysis showed that hematuria , incontinence , mucus , and planning of daily activities in response to intestinal problems caused this decrease in qol in the rt group .", "a significant increase of intestinal problems was observed in the rt versus dt groups regarding mucus , stool leakage , intestinal blood , and planning of daily activity in response to intestinal problems .", "the rt patients showed increased levels of minor intestinal side effects compared with the dt patients and the controls , but the rt patients reported no decreased qol except for decreased social functioning .", "this could be because this group developed coping skills or because of a low magnitude of side effects to influence the qol ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: [\"treatment of localized prostate carcinoma ( lpc ) using radiotherapy ( rt ) can induce disturbances in a patient 's quality of life ( qol ) and urinary and intestinal function .\", 'late symptoms and qol were evaluated in a randomized trial between rt and deferred treatment ( dt ) .', \"quality of life was evaluated with european organization for research and treatment of cancer 's qlq-c@ ( +@ ) formula .\", 'urinary and intestinal problems were evaluated with a validated symptom specific self-assessment questionnaire , qufw@ .', 'the questionnaires were sent to @ randomized patients with lpc and to an age-matched control group ( n = @ ) .', 'mean age was @ years .', 'mean total dose was @ grays ( gy ; @-@ gy ) .', 'the median follow-up time from randomization was @ months for the rt group and @ months for the dt group .', 'social functioning was the only qol scale in which a significant difference was found between the two patient groups and compared with the control group .', 'multivariate regression analysis showed that hematuria , incontinence , mucus , and planning of daily activities in response to intestinal problems caused this decrease in qol in the rt group .', 'a significant increase of intestinal problems was observed in the rt versus dt groups regarding mucus , stool leakage , intestinal blood , and planning of daily activity in response to intestinal problems .', 'the rt patients showed increased levels of minor intestinal side effects compared with the dt patients and the controls , but the rt patients reported no decreased qol except for decreased social functioning .', 'this could be because this group developed coping skills or because of a low magnitude of side effects to influence the qol .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "this study was performed to determine the relative effectiveness of several passive head maneuvers for treating benign paroxysmal positional vertigo .", "this prospective study used @ subjects diagnosed by their physicians with unilateral benign paroxysmal positional vertigo of the posterior semicircular canal .", "subjects were randomly assigned to three treatment groups : modified epley maneuver , modified epley maneuver with augmented head rotations , and modified semont maneuver .", "they were interviewed @ week after receiving one maneuver .", "if subjects desired further treatment , they were treated again with the same maneuver , a methodology repeated until subjects desired no further treatment ; they were telephoned @ and @ months after the last treatment .", "the groups did not differ significantly , but subjects decreased significantly on vertigo intensity and frequency and improved significantly on independence in activities of daily living .", "before treatment , tasks requiring pitch rotations of the head induced vertigo ; common comorbid conditions were osteoporosis , cervical spine problems , and head trauma .", "these data suggest that augmented head rotations are unnecessary and that the modified epley and semont maneuvers are equally effective in the remediation of vertigo in this population ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['this study was performed to determine the relative effectiveness of several passive head maneuvers for treating benign paroxysmal positional vertigo .', 'this prospective study used @ subjects diagnosed by their physicians with unilateral benign paroxysmal positional vertigo of the posterior semicircular canal .', 'subjects were randomly assigned to three treatment groups : modified epley maneuver , modified epley maneuver with augmented head rotations , and modified semont maneuver .', 'they were interviewed @ week after receiving one maneuver .', 'if subjects desired further treatment , they were treated again with the same maneuver , a methodology repeated until subjects desired no further treatment ; they were telephoned @ and @ months after the last treatment .', 'the groups did not differ significantly , but subjects decreased significantly on vertigo intensity and frequency and improved significantly on independence in activities of daily living .', 'before treatment , tasks requiring pitch rotations of the head induced vertigo ; common comorbid conditions were osteoporosis , cervical spine problems , and head trauma .', 'these data suggest that augmented head rotations are unnecessary and that the modified epley and semont maneuvers are equally effective in the remediation of vertigo in this population .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "evidence for a relationship between cigarette smoking and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( adhd ) has prompted investigations into nicotinic treatments for this disorder .", "impulsivity is a hallmark of adhd and is measured in the laboratory as behavioral inhibition ( bi ) using the stop signal task ( sst ) .", "acute nicotine improves sst performance in adolescents and young adults who have both adhd and impaired baseline sst performance , raising questions about the role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor function in bi .", "the specificity of this effect to those with adhd , the component processes of the sst affected by nicotine , and the effects of nicotinic antagonism are yet unknown .", "this study investigated the effects of both a nicotinic receptor agonist and antagonist on the sst and choice reaction time task ( crt ) in highly impulsive ( hi ) and control ( ctrl ) subjects .", "this was a within-subjects , double-blind study of : @mg transdermal nicotine , @mg oral mecamylamine , and placebo .", "subjects were recruited into hi ( n = @ ) and ctrl ( n = @ ) groups based on both sst and clinical criteria .", "bi was significantly improved by nicotine compared with placebo in the hi group and impaired by mecamylamine in the ctrl group .", "go signal reaction time on the sst was improved by nicotine compared with placebo in the ctrl group and was unchanged in both groups on the crt .", "these findings demonstrate nicotinic modulation of bi in subjects with both normal and disordered baseline performance .", "the effects on bi are consistent with cholinergic enhancement of signal detection processes and/or modulation of noradrenaline by nicotine ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['evidence for a relationship between cigarette smoking and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( adhd ) has prompted investigations into nicotinic treatments for this disorder .', 'impulsivity is a hallmark of adhd and is measured in the laboratory as behavioral inhibition ( bi ) using the stop signal task ( sst ) .', 'acute nicotine improves sst performance in adolescents and young adults who have both adhd and impaired baseline sst performance , raising questions about the role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor function in bi .', 'the specificity of this effect to those with adhd , the component processes of the sst affected by nicotine , and the effects of nicotinic antagonism are yet unknown .', 'this study investigated the effects of both a nicotinic receptor agonist and antagonist on the sst and choice reaction time task ( crt ) in highly impulsive ( hi ) and control ( ctrl ) subjects .', 'this was a within-subjects , double-blind study of : @mg transdermal nicotine , @mg oral mecamylamine , and placebo .', 'subjects were recruited into hi ( n = @ ) and ctrl ( n = @ ) groups based on both sst and clinical criteria .', 'bi was significantly improved by nicotine compared with placebo in the hi group and impaired by mecamylamine in the ctrl group .', 'go signal reaction time on the sst was improved by nicotine compared with placebo in the ctrl group and was unchanged in both groups on the crt .', 'these findings demonstrate nicotinic modulation of bi in subjects with both normal and disordered baseline performance .', 'the effects on bi are consistent with cholinergic enhancement of signal detection processes and/or modulation of noradrenaline by nicotine .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "over recent decades there has been a substantial increase in asthma and allergic disease especially in children .", "given the high prevalence , and the associated high disease burden and costs , there is a need to identify effective strategies for the primary prevention of asthma and allergy .", "a recent systematic review of the literature found strong supportive epidemiological evidence for a protective role of the mediterranean diet , which now needs to be confirmed through formal experimental studies .", "this pilot trial in pregnant women aims to establish recruitment , retention and acceptability of a dietary intervention , and to assess the likely impact of the intervention on adherence to a mediterranean diet during pregnancy .", "this study was a pilot , two-arm , randomised controlled trial in a sample population of pregnant women at high risk of having a child who will develop asthma or allergic disease .", "the work ultimately aims to contribute to improving health outcomes through seeking to reduce the incidence of asthma and allergic problems .", "this pilot trial will prove invaluable in informing the subsequent planned large-scale , parallel group , randomised controlled trial ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['over recent decades there has been a substantial increase in asthma and allergic disease especially in children .', 'given the high prevalence , and the associated high disease burden and costs , there is a need to identify effective strategies for the primary prevention of asthma and allergy .', 'a recent systematic review of the literature found strong supportive epidemiological evidence for a protective role of the mediterranean diet , which now needs to be confirmed through formal experimental studies .', 'this pilot trial in pregnant women aims to establish recruitment , retention and acceptability of a dietary intervention , and to assess the likely impact of the intervention on adherence to a mediterranean diet during pregnancy .', 'this study was a pilot , two-arm , randomised controlled trial in a sample population of pregnant women at high risk of having a child who will develop asthma or allergic disease .', 'the work ultimately aims to contribute to improving health outcomes through seeking to reduce the incidence of asthma and allergic problems .', 'this pilot trial will prove invaluable in informing the subsequent planned large-scale , parallel group , randomised controlled trial .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "although the blood-saving effect of aprotinin has been well documented in cardiac surgery and lung transplantation , its use in lung surgery has received less attention .", "we present our experience with the intraoperative application of aprotinin in lung resections with a predicted high risk of bleeding .", "thirty-eight patients undergoing major thoracic surgical procedures were randomized into treatment and placebo groups .", "the treatment group ( n = @ ) received a bolus of @ x @ ( @ ) kallikrein inhibitor units ( kiu ) of aprotinin followed by @ x @ ( @ ) kiu/h during surgery .", "the placebo group ( n = @ ) received an isotonic saline infusion instead .", "there was no significant difference between the groups concerning diagnosis , co-morbidity , age , sex , height , and weight .", "the mean intraoperative blood loss in the treatment group was significantly reduced ( @ vs. @ ml , p < @ ) , postoperative blood loss was also reduced ( @ vs. @ ml , p < @ ) and the need for blood transfusion was less ( @ vs. @ , n.s. ) .", "no severe side effects of aprotinin were registered .", "re-thoracotomy was necessary in two patients of the placebo group because of postoperative bleeding .", "aprotinin reduces the perioperative blood loss and the need for blood transfusion in thoracic surgical procedures in patients with an increased risk of bleeding ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['although the blood-saving effect of aprotinin has been well documented in cardiac surgery and lung transplantation , its use in lung surgery has received less attention .', 'we present our experience with the intraoperative application of aprotinin in lung resections with a predicted high risk of bleeding .', 'thirty-eight patients undergoing major thoracic surgical procedures were randomized into treatment and placebo groups .', 'the treatment group ( n = @ ) received a bolus of @ x @ ( @ ) kallikrein inhibitor units ( kiu ) of aprotinin followed by @ x @ ( @ ) kiu/h during surgery .', 'the placebo group ( n = @ ) received an isotonic saline infusion instead .', 'there was no significant difference between the groups concerning diagnosis , co-morbidity , age , sex , height , and weight .', 'the mean intraoperative blood loss in the treatment group was significantly reduced ( @ vs. @ ml , p < @ ) , postoperative blood loss was also reduced ( @ vs. @ ml , p < @ ) and the need for blood transfusion was less ( @ vs. @ , n.s. ) .', 'no severe side effects of aprotinin were registered .', 're-thoracotomy was necessary in two patients of the placebo group because of postoperative bleeding .', 'aprotinin reduces the perioperative blood loss and the need for blood transfusion in thoracic surgical procedures in patients with an increased risk of bleeding .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "hepatitis b ( hb ) may progress to cirrhosis and liver carcinoma .", "its prevalence is estimated at @ % in hemodialysis ( hd ) patients .", "hb vaccine when applied intramuscularly ( im ) in end-stage renal disease patients often does not induce appropriate antibody titers .", "however , there has been suggestion for intradermal ( id ) to be a more effective inoculation method .", "to compare the immune response to im or id vaccine administration on hd patients .", "thirty one incident hd patients were randomly assigned alternately to im or id vaccine inoculation .", "vaccine doses were applied at three monthly intervals , with patients being followed-up for six months .", "sixteen patients were assigned to im ( @ mg/dose ) and @ to id ( @ mg/dose ) vaccine administration .", "hb-virus surface antibody titer , hematimetric parameters , serum urea level and kt/v were monthly evaluated .", "c-reactive protein , parathormone , ferritin , aminotransferases and albumin serum levels were evaluated before and at the sixth month of the initial inoculation .", "urea levels were significantly higher in the id group ( p ( @ ) = @ ) ; ferritin levels were higher in the im ( p ( @ ) = @ ) and c-reactive protein levels tended to be higher in the id group .", "an interim evaluation by the safety monitoring committee recommended discontinuing the study as im vaccination had converted @ % of the exposed subjects , while id inoculation converted only @ % .", "as performed , id applied vaccine was inferior to the im inoculation .", "such result may depend on the inoculated doses or some other factor , such as inflammation ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['hepatitis b ( hb ) may progress to cirrhosis and liver carcinoma .', 'its prevalence is estimated at @ % in hemodialysis ( hd ) patients .', 'hb vaccine when applied intramuscularly ( im ) in end-stage renal disease patients often does not induce appropriate antibody titers .', 'however , there has been suggestion for intradermal ( id ) to be a more effective inoculation method .', 'to compare the immune response to im or id vaccine administration on hd patients .', 'thirty one incident hd patients were randomly assigned alternately to im or id vaccine inoculation .', 'vaccine doses were applied at three monthly intervals , with patients being followed-up for six months .', 'sixteen patients were assigned to im ( @ mg/dose ) and @ to id ( @ mg/dose ) vaccine administration .', 'hb-virus surface antibody titer , hematimetric parameters , serum urea level and kt/v were monthly evaluated .', 'c-reactive protein , parathormone , ferritin , aminotransferases and albumin serum levels were evaluated before and at the sixth month of the initial inoculation .', 'urea levels were significantly higher in the id group ( p ( @ ) = @ ) ; ferritin levels were higher in the im ( p ( @ ) = @ ) and c-reactive protein levels tended to be higher in the id group .', 'an interim evaluation by the safety monitoring committee recommended discontinuing the study as im vaccination had converted @ % of the exposed subjects , while id inoculation converted only @ % .', 'as performed , id applied vaccine was inferior to the im inoculation .', 'such result may depend on the inoculated doses or some other factor , such as inflammation .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "hirsutism is commonly a consequence of ovarian androgen over-production .", "polycystic ovary syndrome ( pcos ) or peripheral hypersensitivity to normal androgen circulating levels ( idiopathic hirsutism ) can be the underlying cause .", "several drugs with anti-androgenic properties , such as cyproterone acetate ( cpa ) , spironolactone and flutamide have been used to treat hirsutism , but the efficacy of these drugs has yet to be fully elucidated .", "the objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of flutamide , and spironolactone plus a combination tablet of @ mg cpa/@ microg ethinyloestradiol ( ee ) in the treatment of hirsutism .", "a prospective randomised clinical study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital setting .", "twenty-nine women with hirsutism as a consequence of pcos or idiopathic hirsutism were randomly assigned to receive @ mg/day flutamide alone or @ mg/day spironolactone plus a combination tablet of @ mg cpa/@ microg ee , for @ months .", "patients ' hormonal and lipid profiles were evaluated .", "hirsutism was graded according to the modified ferriman-gallwey ( mf-g ) score , and side effects were monitored .", "a significant decrease in mf-g scores was observed in the flutamide ( from @ + / -@ to @ + / -@ ) and spironolactone plus cpa/ee ( from @ + / -@ to @ + / -@ ) groups .", "however , there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups .", "after flutamide therapy , total cholesterol levels decreased significantly but no significant change was observed in any other lipid parameters or in the patients ' hormone profiles .", "after spironolactone plus cpa/ee therapy , levels of luteinising hormone , total testosterone and free testosterone significantly decreased and triglyceride levels increased .", "no patients were found to have abnormal liver function test results .", "flutamide and spironolactone plus cpa/ee are effective drugs in the treatment of hirsutism ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['hirsutism is commonly a consequence of ovarian androgen over-production .', 'polycystic ovary syndrome ( pcos ) or peripheral hypersensitivity to normal androgen circulating levels ( idiopathic hirsutism ) can be the underlying cause .', 'several drugs with anti-androgenic properties , such as cyproterone acetate ( cpa ) , spironolactone and flutamide have been used to treat hirsutism , but the efficacy of these drugs has yet to be fully elucidated .', 'the objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of flutamide , and spironolactone plus a combination tablet of @ mg cpa/@ microg ethinyloestradiol ( ee ) in the treatment of hirsutism .', 'a prospective randomised clinical study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital setting .', 'twenty-nine women with hirsutism as a consequence of pcos or idiopathic hirsutism were randomly assigned to receive @ mg/day flutamide alone or @ mg/day spironolactone plus a combination tablet of @ mg cpa/@ microg ee , for @ months .', \"patients ' hormonal and lipid profiles were evaluated .\", 'hirsutism was graded according to the modified ferriman-gallwey ( mf-g ) score , and side effects were monitored .', 'a significant decrease in mf-g scores was observed in the flutamide ( from @ + / -@ to @ + / -@ ) and spironolactone plus cpa/ee ( from @ + / -@ to @ + / -@ ) groups .', 'however , there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups .', \"after flutamide therapy , total cholesterol levels decreased significantly but no significant change was observed in any other lipid parameters or in the patients ' hormone profiles .\", 'after spironolactone plus cpa/ee therapy , levels of luteinising hormone , total testosterone and free testosterone significantly decreased and triglyceride levels increased .', 'no patients were found to have abnormal liver function test results .', 'flutamide and spironolactone plus cpa/ee are effective drugs in the treatment of hirsutism .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate the efficacy of @ mg cisapride p.o. in reducing residual gastric volume and ph in adult ambulatory surgical patients .", "using a prospective randomised double-blind controlled design , we administered either @ mg cisapride p.o. or placebo preoperatively to @ asa @-@ ambulatory surgical patients .", "following induction of anesthesia we measured volume and ph of residual gastric contents , using blind aspiration through an orogastric tube .", "parametric data were analysed using unpaired , one tail students ' t test .", "non-parametric data were analysed using fishers exact test and chi square analysis .", "statistical significance was accepted at the probability level of < @ .", "residual gastric volumes were similar in the two groups ( @ + / - @ , @ + / - @ ml ) , in the cisapride and placebo groups respectively , p = @ ) .", "data shown are mean ( + / - sd ) .", "the proportions of patients with a residual gastric volume exceeding @ ml x kg ( -@ ) were similar in the two groups ( @ of @ , and @ of @ patients in the cisapride and placebo groups respectively , p = @ ) .", "the ph of the residual gastric contents were similar in the cisapride and placebo groups ( @ + / - @ , @ + / - @ , respectively , p = @ ) .", "the proportions of patients with ph < @ was also similar in the cisapride and placebo groups ( @ of @ , and @ of @ patients respectively , p = @ ) .", "preoperative administration of @ mg cisapride p.o. to patients scheduled for outpatient surgery does not alter either the volume or the ph of gastric contents .", "its use in this setting is of no apparent clinical benefit ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to evaluate the efficacy of @ mg cisapride p.o. in reducing residual gastric volume and ph in adult ambulatory surgical patients .', 'using a prospective randomised double-blind controlled design , we administered either @ mg cisapride p.o. or placebo preoperatively to @ asa @-@ ambulatory surgical patients .', 'following induction of anesthesia we measured volume and ph of residual gastric contents , using blind aspiration through an orogastric tube .', \"parametric data were analysed using unpaired , one tail students ' t test .\", 'non-parametric data were analysed using fishers exact test and chi square analysis .', 'statistical significance was accepted at the probability level of < @ .', 'residual gastric volumes were similar in the two groups ( @ + / - @ , @ + / - @ ml ) , in the cisapride and placebo groups respectively , p = @ ) .', 'data shown are mean ( + / - sd ) .', 'the proportions of patients with a residual gastric volume exceeding @ ml x kg ( -@ ) were similar in the two groups ( @ of @ , and @ of @ patients in the cisapride and placebo groups respectively , p = @ ) .', 'the ph of the residual gastric contents were similar in the cisapride and placebo groups ( @ + / - @ , @ + / - @ , respectively , p = @ ) .', 'the proportions of patients with ph < @ was also similar in the cisapride and placebo groups ( @ of @ , and @ of @ patients respectively , p = @ ) .', 'preoperative administration of @ mg cisapride p.o. to patients scheduled for outpatient surgery does not alter either the volume or the ph of gastric contents .', 'its use in this setting is of no apparent clinical benefit .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "we have developed both a computer-assisted instruction ( cai ) multimedia program and a textbook on arterial blood gas interpretation with the same content as formal didactic instruction .", "a prospective , randomized study was designed to compare the outcomes of self-learning using the software and using the textbook .", "@ third-year medical students were randomly allocated to two groups : the cai ( n = @ ) and text group ( n = @ ) .", "a @-item , type-k examination was administered as the pre-test .", "after the pre-test , the volunteers in the cai group studied the software program , whereas those in the text group spent their time reading the textbook covering the same material .", "the post-test was held immediately at the end of a full day of study , and @ weeks later , the final test was performed without prior notice .", "a p value of < @ was considered to be a statistically significant difference .", "students in the text group seemed to fulfil their assignments and improved their scores post-test better than those in the cai group .", "after @ weeks , the final test scores of both groups demonstrated a significant decrease , but showed an insignificant difference between the two groups .", "text-based learning seems to be a convenient method of education where time is limited .", "however , with more time available , use of software may be as good as the conventional learning method and can be an alternative tool .", "the computer-assisted instruction program seems to enhance the learning process ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['we have developed both a computer-assisted instruction ( cai ) multimedia program and a textbook on arterial blood gas interpretation with the same content as formal didactic instruction .', 'a prospective , randomized study was designed to compare the outcomes of self-learning using the software and using the textbook .', '@ third-year medical students were randomly allocated to two groups : the cai ( n = @ ) and text group ( n = @ ) .', 'a @-item , type-k examination was administered as the pre-test .', 'after the pre-test , the volunteers in the cai group studied the software program , whereas those in the text group spent their time reading the textbook covering the same material .', 'the post-test was held immediately at the end of a full day of study , and @ weeks later , the final test was performed without prior notice .', 'a p value of < @ was considered to be a statistically significant difference .', 'students in the text group seemed to fulfil their assignments and improved their scores post-test better than those in the cai group .', 'after @ weeks , the final test scores of both groups demonstrated a significant decrease , but showed an insignificant difference between the two groups .', 'text-based learning seems to be a convenient method of education where time is limited .', 'however , with more time available , use of software may be as good as the conventional learning method and can be an alternative tool .', 'the computer-assisted instruction program seems to enhance the learning process .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "this study examined the feasibility , acceptability , and effects of camp cope-a-lot ( ccal ) , a computer-assisted cognitive behavioral therapy ( cbt ) for anxiety in youth .", "children ( @ ; @ males ) ages @-@ ( m = @ @ ; @ % caucasian , @ % african american , @ % hispanic ) with a principal anxiety disorder were randomly assigned to ( a ) ccal , ( b ) individual cbt ( icbt ) , or ( c ) a computer-assisted education , support , and attention ( cesa ) condition .", "all therapists were from the community ( school or counseling psychologists , clinical psychologist ) or were psyd or phd trainees with no experience or training in cbt for child anxiety .", "independent diagnostic interviews and self-report measures were completed at pre - and posttreatment and @-month follow-up .", "at posttreatment , icbt or ccal children showed significantly better gains than cesa children ; @ % , @ % , and @ % , respectively , no longer met criteria for their principal anxiety diagnosis .", "gains were maintained at follow-up , with no significant differences between icbt and ccal .", "parents and children rated all treatments acceptable , with ccal and icbt children rating higher satisfaction than cesa children .", "findings support the feasibility , acceptability and beneficial effects of ccal for anxious youth .", "discussion considers the potential of computer-assisted treatments in the dissemination of empirically supported treatments ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['this study examined the feasibility , acceptability , and effects of camp cope-a-lot ( ccal ) , a computer-assisted cognitive behavioral therapy ( cbt ) for anxiety in youth .', 'children ( @ ; @ males ) ages @-@ ( m = @ @ ; @ % caucasian , @ % african american , @ % hispanic ) with a principal anxiety disorder were randomly assigned to ( a ) ccal , ( b ) individual cbt ( icbt ) , or ( c ) a computer-assisted education , support , and attention ( cesa ) condition .', 'all therapists were from the community ( school or counseling psychologists , clinical psychologist ) or were psyd or phd trainees with no experience or training in cbt for child anxiety .', 'independent diagnostic interviews and self-report measures were completed at pre - and posttreatment and @-month follow-up .', 'at posttreatment , icbt or ccal children showed significantly better gains than cesa children ; @ % , @ % , and @ % , respectively , no longer met criteria for their principal anxiety diagnosis .', 'gains were maintained at follow-up , with no significant differences between icbt and ccal .', 'parents and children rated all treatments acceptable , with ccal and icbt children rating higher satisfaction than cesa children .', 'findings support the feasibility , acceptability and beneficial effects of ccal for anxious youth .', 'discussion considers the potential of computer-assisted treatments in the dissemination of empirically supported treatments .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "posttransplant hypertension is a well-known risk factor for long-term allograft failure and mortality in kidney recipients .", "although dietary sodium restriction is a widely recommended nonpharmacological measure for control of blood pressure ( bp ) , no detailed investigation has been conducted regarding the impact of dietary sodium restriction on this condition .", "thirty-two patients on antihypertensive treatment completed the study .", "they were randomly divided into two groups : controls ( group @ ) versus strict sodium diet ( group @ ; @ to @ mmol sodium daily ) .", "after randomization , @-hour urine for sodium measurement , bp , and allograft functions were recorded at baseline and after @ months .", "bp treatment was reevaluated at each visit throughout the study .", "at baseline , there was no significant difference in age , sex , serum creatinine , systolic and diastolic bp , antihypertensive drugs , or @-hour urinary sodium levels between the groups .", "after @ months , daily urinary sodium excretion ( from @ + / -@ to @ + / -@ meq/d , p < @ ) , systolic bp ( from @ + / -@ to @ + / -@ mm hg ) , and diastolic bp ( from @ + / -@ to @ + / -@ mm hg ) had significantly decreased in group @ , while no significant changes were observed in group @ .", "low sodium intake in combination with antihypertensive treatment appears to efficiently control bp in kidney allograft recipients with hypertension .", "twenty-four-hour urinary sodium excretion should be checked regularly in these patients as a useful marker to indicate whether the patient complies with low sodium intake ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['posttransplant hypertension is a well-known risk factor for long-term allograft failure and mortality in kidney recipients .', 'although dietary sodium restriction is a widely recommended nonpharmacological measure for control of blood pressure ( bp ) , no detailed investigation has been conducted regarding the impact of dietary sodium restriction on this condition .', 'thirty-two patients on antihypertensive treatment completed the study .', 'they were randomly divided into two groups : controls ( group @ ) versus strict sodium diet ( group @ ; @ to @ mmol sodium daily ) .', 'after randomization , @-hour urine for sodium measurement , bp , and allograft functions were recorded at baseline and after @ months .', 'bp treatment was reevaluated at each visit throughout the study .', 'at baseline , there was no significant difference in age , sex , serum creatinine , systolic and diastolic bp , antihypertensive drugs , or @-hour urinary sodium levels between the groups .', 'after @ months , daily urinary sodium excretion ( from @ + / -@ to @ + / -@ meq/d , p < @ ) , systolic bp ( from @ + / -@ to @ + / -@ mm hg ) , and diastolic bp ( from @ + / -@ to @ + / -@ mm hg ) had significantly decreased in group @ , while no significant changes were observed in group @ .', 'low sodium intake in combination with antihypertensive treatment appears to efficiently control bp in kidney allograft recipients with hypertension .', 'twenty-four-hour urinary sodium excretion should be checked regularly in these patients as a useful marker to indicate whether the patient complies with low sodium intake .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "lispro is a new rapidly absorbed insulin analog .", "at present , there are no recommendations for the optimal injection time of lispro insulin in hyperglycemic patients .", "in contrast to normoglycemic patients with diabetes , we hypothesized that injection of lispro insulin @-@ min before meal ingestion would improve postprandial glucose excursion in hyperglycemic diabetic subjects .", "in @ randomized overnight studies , @ healthy adult type @ diabetic patients received lispro insulin @ u/kg admixed with human ultralente @ u/kg ( as background insulin ) subcutaneously at minutes ( -@ , -@ , @ , and +@ ) relative to the ingestion of an american diabetes association breakfast of @ kcal/kg .", "pre-breakfast hyperglycemia of @ + / - @ mmol/l was established before the study by continuous overnight infusion of intravenous insulin , which was stopped @ min before lispro insulin injection .", "glucose and insulin levels were measured every @ min for @ h after breakfast .", "results demonstrated that postprandial glucose excursion was reduced when lispro insulin was administered @ or @ min before the meal compared with lispro insulin injected at the meal ( p < @ ) .", "the postprandial glucose excursion ( millimoles per liter per hour ) was -@ + / - @ for the -@ - min group , -@ + / - @ for the -@ - min group , @ + / - @ for the @-min group , and @ + / - @ for the +@ - min group .", "although injecting lispro insulin at @ min before the meal resulted in a significant reduction in postprandial glycemia , it was accompanied by loss of glucose control at @ h postmeal in two subjects .", "optimization of lispro insulin in hyperglycemic patients requires timing of the insulin injection at least @ min before the meal ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['lispro is a new rapidly absorbed insulin analog .', 'at present , there are no recommendations for the optimal injection time of lispro insulin in hyperglycemic patients .', 'in contrast to normoglycemic patients with diabetes , we hypothesized that injection of lispro insulin @-@ min before meal ingestion would improve postprandial glucose excursion in hyperglycemic diabetic subjects .', 'in @ randomized overnight studies , @ healthy adult type @ diabetic patients received lispro insulin @ u/kg admixed with human ultralente @ u/kg ( as background insulin ) subcutaneously at minutes ( -@ , -@ , @ , and +@ ) relative to the ingestion of an american diabetes association breakfast of @ kcal/kg .', 'pre-breakfast hyperglycemia of @ + / - @ mmol/l was established before the study by continuous overnight infusion of intravenous insulin , which was stopped @ min before lispro insulin injection .', 'glucose and insulin levels were measured every @ min for @ h after breakfast .', 'results demonstrated that postprandial glucose excursion was reduced when lispro insulin was administered @ or @ min before the meal compared with lispro insulin injected at the meal ( p < @ ) .', 'the postprandial glucose excursion ( millimoles per liter per hour ) was -@ + / - @ for the -@ - min group , -@ + / - @ for the -@ - min group , @ + / - @ for the @-min group , and @ + / - @ for the +@ - min group .', 'although injecting lispro insulin at @ min before the meal resulted in a significant reduction in postprandial glycemia , it was accompanied by loss of glucose control at @ h postmeal in two subjects .', 'optimization of lispro insulin in hyperglycemic patients requires timing of the insulin injection at least @ min before the meal .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "hemodialysis ( hd ) patients have a high prevalence of pruritus .", "@-hydroxy vitamin d deficiency is common in this population and may play a role in its etiology .", "because of this , we studied whether vitamin d@ treatment with ergocalciferol is effective for relief of uremic pruritus severity as measured by pruritus severity surveys .", "in this double-blind , placebo-controlled , randomized trial , the effect of @ weeks of ergocalciferol administration on uremic pruritus severity was evaluated .", "fifty hd patients randomly received either ergocalciferol @,@ international units ( iu ) or placebo once weekly for @weeks .", "pruritus severity surveys were completed every @ weeks by all patients starting from baseline until @ weeks and serve as the main outcome variable .", "twenty-five study participants were randomized to ergocalciferol therapy and @ were randomized to placebo .", "at baseline , the only significant difference between the two groups was time on dialysis and white blood cell count .", "both groups experienced a decrease in pruritus scores from the beginning to the end of study ( percent change -@ % in the treatment group vs. -@ % in the placebo group ) .", "by intention to treat , the treatment time effect was not statistically significant ( f = @ , df = ( @ , @ ) , p = @ ) , indicating that the pruritus score was not significantly lower in the treatment group than the placebo group throughout the study .", "in conclusion , we did not find ergocalciferol to be effective for the treatment of uremic pruritus ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['hemodialysis ( hd ) patients have a high prevalence of pruritus .', '@-hydroxy vitamin d deficiency is common in this population and may play a role in its etiology .', 'because of this , we studied whether vitamin d@ treatment with ergocalciferol is effective for relief of uremic pruritus severity as measured by pruritus severity surveys .', 'in this double-blind , placebo-controlled , randomized trial , the effect of @ weeks of ergocalciferol administration on uremic pruritus severity was evaluated .', 'fifty hd patients randomly received either ergocalciferol @,@ international units ( iu ) or placebo once weekly for @weeks .', 'pruritus severity surveys were completed every @ weeks by all patients starting from baseline until @ weeks and serve as the main outcome variable .', 'twenty-five study participants were randomized to ergocalciferol therapy and @ were randomized to placebo .', 'at baseline , the only significant difference between the two groups was time on dialysis and white blood cell count .', 'both groups experienced a decrease in pruritus scores from the beginning to the end of study ( percent change -@ % in the treatment group vs. -@ % in the placebo group ) .', 'by intention to treat , the treatment time effect was not statistically significant ( f = @ , df = ( @ , @ ) , p = @ ) , indicating that the pruritus score was not significantly lower in the treatment group than the placebo group throughout the study .', 'in conclusion , we did not find ergocalciferol to be effective for the treatment of uremic pruritus .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "midazolam sedation for upper gastrointestinal ( gi ) endoscopy exacerbates minimal hepatic encephalopathy ( he ) in patients with liver cirrhosis , therefore an alternative drug regimen for these patients is warranted .", "the aim of this randomized , controlled study was to assess whether the use of the short-acting propofol as a sedative for gi endoscopy could prevent the exacerbation of minimal he in patients with liver cirrhosis .", "the study comprised patients with liver cirrhosis without clinical he who had undergone upper gi endoscopy for therapeutic purposes ( intended variceal band ligation ) .", "sixty patients were randomly assigned into two groups to receive propofol ( n = @ ) or midazolam ( n = @ ) for upper gi endoscopy .", "the study groups were matched for age , gender and child-pugh score .", "all patients completed number connecting tests ( ncts ) , as well as a porto-systemic encephalopathy ( pse ) syndrome test before and at @ h after completion of the endoscopic procedure .", "time needed to fulfill the tests was documented .", "baseline results of the psychomotor test batteries were compared with the post-interventional evaluations .", "data were also compared with the results of a healthy control group ( n = @ ) that did not undergo endoscopic sedation .", "recovery time and quality ( score system ) were evaluated .", "the differences in the nct times before and after sedation ( median delta nct , midazolam group , @ s ( @ % ci , -@ to @ s ) versus the propofol group , -@ s ( @ % ci , -@ to -@ s ) , p = @ ) and in the pse scores ( median delta pse , midazolam group , -@ ( @ % ci , -@ to @ ) versus the propofol group , @ ( @ % ci , @ to @ ) , p = @ ) differed significantly between the two groups .", "in addition , the recovery time and quality in patients receiving propofol were significantly improved compared with in the midazolam group ( @ + / -@ min versus @ + / -@ min , @ + / -@ versus @ + / -@ , both p < @ ) .", "the study demonstrates that propofol sedation for upper gi endoscopy does not cause acute deterioration of minimal hepatic encephalopathy and is associated with improved recovery in patients with liver cirrhosis .", "propofol should be recommended for these patients as an alternative to midazolam ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['midazolam sedation for upper gastrointestinal ( gi ) endoscopy exacerbates minimal hepatic encephalopathy ( he ) in patients with liver cirrhosis , therefore an alternative drug regimen for these patients is warranted .', 'the aim of this randomized , controlled study was to assess whether the use of the short-acting propofol as a sedative for gi endoscopy could prevent the exacerbation of minimal he in patients with liver cirrhosis .', 'the study comprised patients with liver cirrhosis without clinical he who had undergone upper gi endoscopy for therapeutic purposes ( intended variceal band ligation ) .', 'sixty patients were randomly assigned into two groups to receive propofol ( n = @ ) or midazolam ( n = @ ) for upper gi endoscopy .', 'the study groups were matched for age , gender and child-pugh score .', 'all patients completed number connecting tests ( ncts ) , as well as a porto-systemic encephalopathy ( pse ) syndrome test before and at @ h after completion of the endoscopic procedure .', 'time needed to fulfill the tests was documented .', 'baseline results of the psychomotor test batteries were compared with the post-interventional evaluations .', 'data were also compared with the results of a healthy control group ( n = @ ) that did not undergo endoscopic sedation .', 'recovery time and quality ( score system ) were evaluated .', 'the differences in the nct times before and after sedation ( median delta nct , midazolam group , @ s ( @ % ci , -@ to @ s ) versus the propofol group , -@ s ( @ % ci , -@ to -@ s ) , p = @ ) and in the pse scores ( median delta pse , midazolam group , -@ ( @ % ci , -@ to @ ) versus the propofol group , @ ( @ % ci , @ to @ ) , p = @ ) differed significantly between the two groups .', 'in addition , the recovery time and quality in patients receiving propofol were significantly improved compared with in the midazolam group ( @ + / -@ min versus @ + / -@ min , @ + / -@ versus @ + / -@ , both p < @ ) .', 'the study demonstrates that propofol sedation for upper gi endoscopy does not cause acute deterioration of minimal hepatic encephalopathy and is associated with improved recovery in patients with liver cirrhosis .', 'propofol should be recommended for these patients as an alternative to midazolam .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "visual disturbances very often accompany of multiple sclerosis ( ms ) and affect patients ' quality of life ( qol ) .", "there have been no tools for investigation of the effect of visual disturbances on qol in ms patients available in poland .", "the aim of this study was validation analysis of polish adaptation of visual function questionnaire vfq-@ .", "vfq-@ published by mangione in @ , consists of @ questions concerning general well-being , assessment of vision , social functioning , mental health , and self-sufficiency .", "according to the applicable translation principles , the original english version was adapted into polish , and validation analysis of the convergent validity as well internal reliability was carried out .", "@ randomly selected patients , diagnosed with ms according to mcdonald 's criteria were included in this study : @ women and @ men aged on the average @ + / - @ years , with mean disease duration of @ + / - @ years .", "all patients underwent assessment of disability based on expanded disability status scale ( edss ) .", "besides the analyzed vfq-@ questionnaire , the patients completed also the functional assessment of multiple sclerosis ( fams ) questionnaire and sf-@ health survey .", "the internal consistency of the questionnaire was satisfactory ( cronbach 's alpha reached @ ) .", "the accuracy of the scale was confirmed by positive correlations of the results between vfq-@ and edss , fams and sf-@ .", "statistical analysis has demonstrated that the polish version of vfq-@ is a valuable tool for investigation of the effect of visual disturbances on qol in ms patients ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: [\"visual disturbances very often accompany of multiple sclerosis ( ms ) and affect patients ' quality of life ( qol ) .\", 'there have been no tools for investigation of the effect of visual disturbances on qol in ms patients available in poland .', 'the aim of this study was validation analysis of polish adaptation of visual function questionnaire vfq-@ .', 'vfq-@ published by mangione in @ , consists of @ questions concerning general well-being , assessment of vision , social functioning , mental health , and self-sufficiency .', 'according to the applicable translation principles , the original english version was adapted into polish , and validation analysis of the convergent validity as well internal reliability was carried out .', \"@ randomly selected patients , diagnosed with ms according to mcdonald 's criteria were included in this study : @ women and @ men aged on the average @ + / - @ years , with mean disease duration of @ + / - @ years .\", 'all patients underwent assessment of disability based on expanded disability status scale ( edss ) .', 'besides the analyzed vfq-@ questionnaire , the patients completed also the functional assessment of multiple sclerosis ( fams ) questionnaire and sf-@ health survey .', \"the internal consistency of the questionnaire was satisfactory ( cronbach 's alpha reached @ ) .\", 'the accuracy of the scale was confirmed by positive correlations of the results between vfq-@ and edss , fams and sf-@ .', 'statistical analysis has demonstrated that the polish version of vfq-@ is a valuable tool for investigation of the effect of visual disturbances on qol in ms patients .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "in coronary artery disease patients , enhanced external counterpulsation ( eecp ) improves peripheral arterial function and nitric oxide ( no ) bioavailability , which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of abnormal glucose tolerance ( agt ) .", "we sought to evaluate the effects of eecp on outcomes of arterial function , glucose tolerance , and skeletal muscle morphology in subjects with agt .", "@ subjects with agt were randomly ( @:@ ratio ) assigned to receive either @ wk ( @ @-h sessions ) of eecp ( n = @ ) or @ wk of standard care ( control ; n = @ ) .", "peripheral vascular function , biochemical assays , glucose tolerance , and skeletal muscle morphology were evaluated before and after eecp or control .", "eecp increased normalized brachial artery ( @ % ) and popliteal artery ( @ % ) flow-mediated dilation .", "plasma nitrite/nitrate ( nox ) increased ( @ % ) and @-isoprostane-pgf-f ( @ ) , a marker of lipid peroxidation in the plasma , decreased ( -@ % ) .", "fasting plasma glucose declined ( -@ @ mg/dl ) , and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance ( homa-ir ) decreased ( @ % ) following eecp .", "plasma glucose @ min after initiation of oral glucose tolerance testing decreased ( -@ @ mg/dl ) , and the whole body composite insulin sensitivity index ( c-isi ) increased ( @ % ) .", "vegf concentrations increased ( @ % ) , and vastus lateralis skeletal muscle biopsies demonstrated improvements in capillary density following eecp .", "no change was observed in cellular signaling pathways , but there was a significant increase glut-@ protein expression ( @ % ) following eecp .", "our findings provide novel evidence that eecp has a beneficial effect on peripheral arterial function and glucose tolerance in subjects with agt ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['in coronary artery disease patients , enhanced external counterpulsation ( eecp ) improves peripheral arterial function and nitric oxide ( no ) bioavailability , which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of abnormal glucose tolerance ( agt ) .', 'we sought to evaluate the effects of eecp on outcomes of arterial function , glucose tolerance , and skeletal muscle morphology in subjects with agt .', '@ subjects with agt were randomly ( @:@ ratio ) assigned to receive either @ wk ( @ @-h sessions ) of eecp ( n = @ ) or @ wk of standard care ( control ; n = @ ) .', 'peripheral vascular function , biochemical assays , glucose tolerance , and skeletal muscle morphology were evaluated before and after eecp or control .', 'eecp increased normalized brachial artery ( @ % ) and popliteal artery ( @ % ) flow-mediated dilation .', 'plasma nitrite/nitrate ( nox ) increased ( @ % ) and @-isoprostane-pgf-f ( @ ) , a marker of lipid peroxidation in the plasma , decreased ( -@ % ) .', 'fasting plasma glucose declined ( -@ @ mg/dl ) , and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance ( homa-ir ) decreased ( @ % ) following eecp .', 'plasma glucose @ min after initiation of oral glucose tolerance testing decreased ( -@ @ mg/dl ) , and the whole body composite insulin sensitivity index ( c-isi ) increased ( @ % ) .', 'vegf concentrations increased ( @ % ) , and vastus lateralis skeletal muscle biopsies demonstrated improvements in capillary density following eecp .', 'no change was observed in cellular signaling pathways , but there was a significant increase glut-@ protein expression ( @ % ) following eecp .', 'our findings provide novel evidence that eecp has a beneficial effect on peripheral arterial function and glucose tolerance in subjects with agt .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "this study examines the effects of parental lisdexamfetamine ( ldx ) treatment on parent-child interactions .", "participants were @ parents ( @ % were male ) and their children aged @-@ years , both diagnosed with dsm-iv attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( adhd ) .", "optimal ldx dose ( @ , @ , or @ mg/day ) was determined for parents during a @-week open-label titration , followed by a within-subjects trial of the acute impact of ldx and placebo on observable parent-child interactions .", "two laboratory-based , parent-child interactions simulating typical family tasks ( e.g. , homework , joint play ) were conducted within @ weeks , once with the adult on a blinded optimal dose of ldx and once on placebo ( phase i ) .", "parents were then randomly assigned to continue blinded treatment with ldx or placebo for another month followed by a third interaction task ( phase ii ) to assess the ongoing effects of ldx on parent-child interactions .", "the primary outcome was the change in rate of parenting behaviors coded during the parent-child interaction tasks .", "secondary outcomes included observed rates of children 's inappropriate behaviors during the laboratory tasks and changes in parental adhd symptom severity ( adhd-rating scale ) .", "twenty parents ( @ % ) completed the trial .", "in phase i , medication was associated with a significant reduction in negative talk by parents ( p = @ , d = -@ ) .", "there was a medication task interaction ( p = @ ) with a reduction in children 's negative behaviors in the homework phase only ( p = @ , d = -@ ) .", "in phase ii , ldx was associated with significant increases in praise by parents ( d = @ ) and reductions in parental commands ( d = -@ ) and children 's inappropriate behaviors ( d = -@ ) ( all p-values < @ ) .", "while not reaching statistical significance , ldx was also associated with large reductions in parental verbalizations ( d = -@ ) , moderate increases in parental responsiveness ( d = @ ) , and large reductions in the ratio of commands to verbalizations during the non-homework task ( d = -@ ) ( all p-values < @ ) .", "significant reductions in parental adhd symptoms vs. placebo were observed ( p < @ ) .", "loss of appetite , dry mouth , headaches , and delayed sleep onset were the most common adverse events .", "improvements in parent-child interactions emerged over time with ldx treatment of parental adhd .", "results suggest that pharmacological treatment of parental adhd may improve outcomes in parents and their children ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['this study examines the effects of parental lisdexamfetamine ( ldx ) treatment on parent-child interactions .', 'participants were @ parents ( @ % were male ) and their children aged @-@ years , both diagnosed with dsm-iv attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( adhd ) .', 'optimal ldx dose ( @ , @ , or @ mg/day ) was determined for parents during a @-week open-label titration , followed by a within-subjects trial of the acute impact of ldx and placebo on observable parent-child interactions .', 'two laboratory-based , parent-child interactions simulating typical family tasks ( e.g. , homework , joint play ) were conducted within @ weeks , once with the adult on a blinded optimal dose of ldx and once on placebo ( phase i ) .', 'parents were then randomly assigned to continue blinded treatment with ldx or placebo for another month followed by a third interaction task ( phase ii ) to assess the ongoing effects of ldx on parent-child interactions .', 'the primary outcome was the change in rate of parenting behaviors coded during the parent-child interaction tasks .', \"secondary outcomes included observed rates of children 's inappropriate behaviors during the laboratory tasks and changes in parental adhd symptom severity ( adhd-rating scale ) .\", 'twenty parents ( @ % ) completed the trial .', 'in phase i , medication was associated with a significant reduction in negative talk by parents ( p = @ , d = -@ ) .', \"there was a medication task interaction ( p = @ ) with a reduction in children 's negative behaviors in the homework phase only ( p = @ , d = -@ ) .\", \"in phase ii , ldx was associated with significant increases in praise by parents ( d = @ ) and reductions in parental commands ( d = -@ ) and children 's inappropriate behaviors ( d = -@ ) ( all p-values < @ ) .\", 'while not reaching statistical significance , ldx was also associated with large reductions in parental verbalizations ( d = -@ ) , moderate increases in parental responsiveness ( d = @ ) , and large reductions in the ratio of commands to verbalizations during the non-homework task ( d = -@ ) ( all p-values < @ ) .', 'significant reductions in parental adhd symptoms vs. placebo were observed ( p < @ ) .', 'loss of appetite , dry mouth , headaches , and delayed sleep onset were the most common adverse events .', 'improvements in parent-child interactions emerged over time with ldx treatment of parental adhd .', 'results suggest that pharmacological treatment of parental adhd may improve outcomes in parents and their children .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride ( d-mph , focalin ) for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( adhd ) and to test an a priori hypothesis that d-mph would have a longer duration of action than d,l-threo-methylphenidate ( d,l-mph ) .", "this was a randomized , double-blind study conducted at @ u.s. centers .", "one hundred thirty-two subjects received d-mph ( n = @ ) , d,l-mph ( n = @ ) , or placebo ( n = @ ) twice daily for @ weeks , with titration of the dose based on weekly clinic visits .", "the primary efficacy variable was change from baseline to last study visit on teacher-completed swanson , nolan , and pelham rating scale ( teacher snap ) .", "secondary efficacy measures included the change on parent-completed snap ( parent snap ) , clinical global impressions scale-improvement ( cgi-i ) score , and math test performance .", "assessments at home in late afternoon were included to test the hypothesis that d-mph would have a longer duration of efficacy than d,l-mph .", "safety was assessed through monitoring occurrence and severity of adverse events and discontinuations related to them .", "treatment with either d-mph ( p = @ ) or d,l-mph ( p = @ ) significantly improved teacher snap ratings compared with placebo .", "the d-mph group showed significant improvements compared with placebo on the afternoon parent snap ratings ( p = @ ) and scores on the math test ( p = @ ) obtained late in the afternoon at @:@ p.m. sixty-seven percent of patients showed improvement on d-mph and @ % on d,l-mph based on cgi-i scores .", "both d-mph and d,l-mph were well tolerated , no patient in the d-mph group and only two patients each in the d,l-mph and placebo groups discontinued the study .", "for the treatment of adhd , an average titrated dose of @ mg/day of d-mph is as efficacious and safe as an average titrated dose of @ mg/day of d,l-mph .", "both active treatments have large effect sizes .", "thus , d-mph and d,l-mph appear to provide similar efficacy , and d-mph may have longer duration of action after twice-daily dosing , but additional studies are needed to determine the statistical and clinical significance of this possibility ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride ( d-mph , focalin ) for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( adhd ) and to test an a priori hypothesis that d-mph would have a longer duration of action than d,l-threo-methylphenidate ( d,l-mph ) .', 'this was a randomized , double-blind study conducted at @ u.s. centers .', 'one hundred thirty-two subjects received d-mph ( n = @ ) , d,l-mph ( n = @ ) , or placebo ( n = @ ) twice daily for @ weeks , with titration of the dose based on weekly clinic visits .', 'the primary efficacy variable was change from baseline to last study visit on teacher-completed swanson , nolan , and pelham rating scale ( teacher snap ) .', 'secondary efficacy measures included the change on parent-completed snap ( parent snap ) , clinical global impressions scale-improvement ( cgi-i ) score , and math test performance .', 'assessments at home in late afternoon were included to test the hypothesis that d-mph would have a longer duration of efficacy than d,l-mph .', 'safety was assessed through monitoring occurrence and severity of adverse events and discontinuations related to them .', 'treatment with either d-mph ( p = @ ) or d,l-mph ( p = @ ) significantly improved teacher snap ratings compared with placebo .', 'the d-mph group showed significant improvements compared with placebo on the afternoon parent snap ratings ( p = @ ) and scores on the math test ( p = @ ) obtained late in the afternoon at @:@ p.m. sixty-seven percent of patients showed improvement on d-mph and @ % on d,l-mph based on cgi-i scores .', 'both d-mph and d,l-mph were well tolerated , no patient in the d-mph group and only two patients each in the d,l-mph and placebo groups discontinued the study .', 'for the treatment of adhd , an average titrated dose of @ mg/day of d-mph is as efficacious and safe as an average titrated dose of @ mg/day of d,l-mph .', 'both active treatments have large effect sizes .', 'thus , d-mph and d,l-mph appear to provide similar efficacy , and d-mph may have longer duration of action after twice-daily dosing , but additional studies are needed to determine the statistical and clinical significance of this possibility .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "infection with clostridium difficile is the primary infective cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea .", "we aimed to compare efficacy and safety of fidaxomicin and vancomycin to treat patients with c difficile infection in europe , canada , and the usa .", "in this multicentre , double-blind , randomised , non-inferiority trial , we enrolled patients from @ sites in europe and @ sites in the usa and canada between april @ , @ , and dec @ , @ .", "eligible patients were aged @ years or older with acute , toxin-positive c difficile infection .", "patients were randomly allocated ( @:@ ) to receive oral fidaxomicin ( @ mg every @ h ) or oral vancomycin ( @ mg every @ h ) for @ days .", "the primary endpoint was clinical cure , defined as resolution of diarrhoea and no further need for treatment .", "an interactive voice-response system and computer-generated randomisation schedule gave a randomisation number and medication kit number for each patient .", "participants and investigators were masked to treatment allocation .", "non-inferiority was prespecified with a margin of @ % .", "modified intention-to-treat and per-protocol populations were analysed .", "this study is registered with clinicaltrials.gov , number nct@ .", "of @ patients enrolled , @ were assigned fidaxomicin and @ vancomycin .", "after @ patients were excluded , @ were included in the modified intention-to-treat ( mitt ) population .", "@ ( @ % ) of @ patients in the per-protocol population given fidaxomicin achieved clinical cure , compared with @ ( @ % ) of @ given vancomycin , meeting the criterion for non-inferiority ( one-sided @ % ci -@ % ) .", "non-inferiority was also shown for clinical cure in the mitt population , with @ ( @ % ) of @ patients given fidaxomicin and @ ( @ % ) of @ given vancomycin cured ( one-sided @ % ci -@ % ) .", "in most subgroup analyses of the primary endpoint in the mitt population , outcomes in the two treatment groups did not differ significantly ; although patients receiving concomitant antibiotics for other infections had a higher cure rate with fidaxomicin ( @ [ @ % ] of @ ) than with vancomycin ( @ [ @ % ] of @ ; p = @ ) .", "occurrence of treatment-emergent adverse events did not differ between groups .", "@ ( @ % ) of @ patients given at least one dose of fidaxomicin and @ ( @ % ) of @ given vancomycin died .", "fidaxomicin could be an alternative treatment for infection with c difficile , with similar efficacy and safety to vancomycin .", "optimer pharmaceuticals ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['infection with clostridium difficile is the primary infective cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea .', 'we aimed to compare efficacy and safety of fidaxomicin and vancomycin to treat patients with c difficile infection in europe , canada , and the usa .', 'in this multicentre , double-blind , randomised , non-inferiority trial , we enrolled patients from @ sites in europe and @ sites in the usa and canada between april @ , @ , and dec @ , @ .', 'eligible patients were aged @ years or older with acute , toxin-positive c difficile infection .', 'patients were randomly allocated ( @:@ ) to receive oral fidaxomicin ( @ mg every @ h ) or oral vancomycin ( @ mg every @ h ) for @ days .', 'the primary endpoint was clinical cure , defined as resolution of diarrhoea and no further need for treatment .', 'an interactive voice-response system and computer-generated randomisation schedule gave a randomisation number and medication kit number for each patient .', 'participants and investigators were masked to treatment allocation .', 'non-inferiority was prespecified with a margin of @ % .', 'modified intention-to-treat and per-protocol populations were analysed .', 'this study is registered with clinicaltrials.gov , number nct@ .', 'of @ patients enrolled , @ were assigned fidaxomicin and @ vancomycin .', 'after @ patients were excluded , @ were included in the modified intention-to-treat ( mitt ) population .', '@ ( @ % ) of @ patients in the per-protocol population given fidaxomicin achieved clinical cure , compared with @ ( @ % ) of @ given vancomycin , meeting the criterion for non-inferiority ( one-sided @ % ci -@ % ) .', 'non-inferiority was also shown for clinical cure in the mitt population , with @ ( @ % ) of @ patients given fidaxomicin and @ ( @ % ) of @ given vancomycin cured ( one-sided @ % ci -@ % ) .', 'in most subgroup analyses of the primary endpoint in the mitt population , outcomes in the two treatment groups did not differ significantly ; although patients receiving concomitant antibiotics for other infections had a higher cure rate with fidaxomicin ( @ [ @ % ] of @ ) than with vancomycin ( @ [ @ % ] of @ ; p = @ ) .', 'occurrence of treatment-emergent adverse events did not differ between groups .', '@ ( @ % ) of @ patients given at least one dose of fidaxomicin and @ ( @ % ) of @ given vancomycin died .', 'fidaxomicin could be an alternative treatment for infection with c difficile , with similar efficacy and safety to vancomycin .', 'optimer pharmaceuticals .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'BACKGROUND']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of augmented soft tissue mobilization ( astm ) on the treatment of lateral epicondylitis .", "this randomized clinical study assessed @ subjects ( @ men and @ women ) with lateral epicondylitis and were divided randomly into @ groups .", "the experimental group ( n = @ ) received astm twice a week for @ weeks .", "the subjects of the control group ( n = @ ) received advice on the natural evolution of lateral epicondylitis , computer ergonomics , and stretching exercises .", "patient-rated outcome was assessed at baseline and after @ weeks and @ months using a visual analog scale and the patient-rated tennis elbow evaluation .", "the function was assessed using the pain-free grip strength at baseline and after @ weeks .", "both groups showed improvements in pain-free grip strength , visual analog scale , and patient-rated tennis elbow evaluation .", "sample size for larger future randomized clinical trial was @ participants .", "a larger study investigating the same hypothesis is warranted to detect difference in the effects of these treatments strategies .", "the study design is feasible , and minor improvements will help to minimize the potential bias ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of augmented soft tissue mobilization ( astm ) on the treatment of lateral epicondylitis .', 'this randomized clinical study assessed @ subjects ( @ men and @ women ) with lateral epicondylitis and were divided randomly into @ groups .', 'the experimental group ( n = @ ) received astm twice a week for @ weeks .', 'the subjects of the control group ( n = @ ) received advice on the natural evolution of lateral epicondylitis , computer ergonomics , and stretching exercises .', 'patient-rated outcome was assessed at baseline and after @ weeks and @ months using a visual analog scale and the patient-rated tennis elbow evaluation .', 'the function was assessed using the pain-free grip strength at baseline and after @ weeks .', 'both groups showed improvements in pain-free grip strength , visual analog scale , and patient-rated tennis elbow evaluation .', 'sample size for larger future randomized clinical trial was @ participants .', 'a larger study investigating the same hypothesis is warranted to detect difference in the effects of these treatments strategies .', 'the study design is feasible , and minor improvements will help to minimize the potential bias .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "ivabradine , a new i ( f ) inhibitor which acts specifically on the pacemaker activity of the sinoatrial node , is a pure heart rate lowering agent .", "ivabradine has shown anti-ischaemic and anti-anginal activity in a placebo-controlled trial .", "the objective of this study was to compare the anti-anginal and anti-ischaemic effects of ivabradine and the beta-blocker atenolol .", "in a double-blinded trial , @ patients with stable angina were randomized to receive ivabradine @ mg bid for @ weeks and then either @ or @ mg bid for @ weeks or atenolol @ mg od for @ weeks and then @ mg od for @ weeks .", "patients underwent treadmill exercise tests at randomization ( m ( @ ) ) and after @ ( m ( @ ) ) and @ ( m ( @ ) ) weeks of therapy .", "increases in total exercise duration ( ted ) at trough at m ( @ ) were @ + / -@ and @ + / -@ s with ivabradine @ and @ mg , respectively and @ + / -@ s with atenolol @ mg .", "mean differences ( se ) when compared with atenolol @ mg were @ ( @ ) and @ ( @ ) s in favour of ivabradine @ and @ mg ( p < @ for non-inferiority ) .", "ted at m ( @ ) improved by @ + / -@ s with ivabradine @ mg and by @ + / -@ s with atenolol @ mg ( p < @ for non-inferiority ) .", "non-inferiority of ivabradine was shown at all doses and for all criteria .", "the number of angina attacks was decreased by two-thirds with both ivabradine and atenolol .", "ivabradine is as effective as atenolol in patients with stable angina ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['ivabradine , a new i ( f ) inhibitor which acts specifically on the pacemaker activity of the sinoatrial node , is a pure heart rate lowering agent .', 'ivabradine has shown anti-ischaemic and anti-anginal activity in a placebo-controlled trial .', 'the objective of this study was to compare the anti-anginal and anti-ischaemic effects of ivabradine and the beta-blocker atenolol .', 'in a double-blinded trial , @ patients with stable angina were randomized to receive ivabradine @ mg bid for @ weeks and then either @ or @ mg bid for @ weeks or atenolol @ mg od for @ weeks and then @ mg od for @ weeks .', 'patients underwent treadmill exercise tests at randomization ( m ( @ ) ) and after @ ( m ( @ ) ) and @ ( m ( @ ) ) weeks of therapy .', 'increases in total exercise duration ( ted ) at trough at m ( @ ) were @ + / -@ and @ + / -@ s with ivabradine @ and @ mg , respectively and @ + / -@ s with atenolol @ mg .', 'mean differences ( se ) when compared with atenolol @ mg were @ ( @ ) and @ ( @ ) s in favour of ivabradine @ and @ mg ( p < @ for non-inferiority ) .', 'ted at m ( @ ) improved by @ + / -@ s with ivabradine @ mg and by @ + / -@ s with atenolol @ mg ( p < @ for non-inferiority ) .', 'non-inferiority of ivabradine was shown at all doses and for all criteria .', 'the number of angina attacks was decreased by two-thirds with both ivabradine and atenolol .', 'ivabradine is as effective as atenolol in patients with stable angina .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "fesoterodine is a new antimuscarinic agent developed for the treatment of overactive bladder .", "fesoterodine itself is inactive and is rapidly and extensively converted by ubiquitous esterases to its principal active moiety , @-hydroxymethyl tolterodine ( @-hmt ) .", "@-hmt is formed via biotransformation of both fesoterodine and tolterodine , albeit by different metabolising enzymes , viz .", "esterases and cyp@d@ respectively .", "tolterodine is a potent muscarinic receptor antagonist and has been used for the treatment of overactive bladder for over ten years .", "the objective of this study was to establish the pharmacokinetic profile of fesoterodine and to highlight ist potential pharmacokinetic advantages over tolterodine .", "single-centre , open-label , randomised , @-way crossover study in a total of @ healthy male volunteers .", "single oral doses of @ , @ , or @ mg fesoterodine were administered after an overnight fast .", "in addition , the @ mg dose was also administered after a standard high-fat and high-calorie breakfast .", "blood and urine samples for the analysis of @-hmt were collected before and multiple times after drug administration for pharmacokinetic analysis .", "the mean peak plasma concentration ( cmax ) of @-hmt and the mean area under the time versus concentration curve ( auc ) increased proportionally with the fesoterodine dose .", "these two parameters were some @-fold higher in cyp@d@ poor metabolisers , whereas the time to peak plasma concentration ( tmax ) and half life ( t@/@ ) were not influenced by the dose or the cyp@d@ metaboliser status .", "if fesoterodine was taken following a high-fat breakfast , we observed small increases in cmax and auc .", "in spite of these modest genetic influences and food effects on the pharmacokinetics of fesoterodine , the overall interindividual variability in cmax levels was relatively little compared to previously published reports using tolterodine .", "due to the esterase-mediated cytochrome p@-independent formation of @-hmt and involvement of multiple metabolic and renal excretion pathways in the elimination of @-hmt , the effects of patient-intrinsic and - extrinsic factors on the pharmacokinetics of fesoterodine are only modest , with some @-fold higher @-hmt exposure .", "therefore , in contrast to tolterodine , no reduction of fesoterodine dosage is required under conditions of reduced elimination .", "in most cases of drug interaction or renal/hepatic impairment , the fesoterodine dose may be increased to @ mg/day based on individual patients ' response , or patients may be required to remain at the initial recommended dose of @ mg/day ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['fesoterodine is a new antimuscarinic agent developed for the treatment of overactive bladder .', 'fesoterodine itself is inactive and is rapidly and extensively converted by ubiquitous esterases to its principal active moiety , @-hydroxymethyl tolterodine ( @-hmt ) .', '@-hmt is formed via biotransformation of both fesoterodine and tolterodine , albeit by different metabolising enzymes , viz .', 'esterases and cyp@d@ respectively .', 'tolterodine is a potent muscarinic receptor antagonist and has been used for the treatment of overactive bladder for over ten years .', 'the objective of this study was to establish the pharmacokinetic profile of fesoterodine and to highlight ist potential pharmacokinetic advantages over tolterodine .', 'single-centre , open-label , randomised , @-way crossover study in a total of @ healthy male volunteers .', 'single oral doses of @ , @ , or @ mg fesoterodine were administered after an overnight fast .', 'in addition , the @ mg dose was also administered after a standard high-fat and high-calorie breakfast .', 'blood and urine samples for the analysis of @-hmt were collected before and multiple times after drug administration for pharmacokinetic analysis .', 'the mean peak plasma concentration ( cmax ) of @-hmt and the mean area under the time versus concentration curve ( auc ) increased proportionally with the fesoterodine dose .', 'these two parameters were some @-fold higher in cyp@d@ poor metabolisers , whereas the time to peak plasma concentration ( tmax ) and half life ( t@/@ ) were not influenced by the dose or the cyp@d@ metaboliser status .', 'if fesoterodine was taken following a high-fat breakfast , we observed small increases in cmax and auc .', 'in spite of these modest genetic influences and food effects on the pharmacokinetics of fesoterodine , the overall interindividual variability in cmax levels was relatively little compared to previously published reports using tolterodine .', 'due to the esterase-mediated cytochrome p@-independent formation of @-hmt and involvement of multiple metabolic and renal excretion pathways in the elimination of @-hmt , the effects of patient-intrinsic and - extrinsic factors on the pharmacokinetics of fesoterodine are only modest , with some @-fold higher @-hmt exposure .', 'therefore , in contrast to tolterodine , no reduction of fesoterodine dosage is required under conditions of reduced elimination .', \"in most cases of drug interaction or renal/hepatic impairment , the fesoterodine dose may be increased to @ mg/day based on individual patients ' response , or patients may be required to remain at the initial recommended dose of @ mg/day .\"]" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the short and long term variability of the interrupter technique was assessed to determine whether interrupter resistance is a stable individual characteristic over time .", "the effect of field and standardised measurement conditions on the within-subject variability of the interrupter technique was also examined .", "the interrupter technique was studied under field and standardised conditions in children aged @-@ years .", "under field conditions , five investigators performed the measurements using two different measurement devices in random sequence .", "both short term ( @-@ minutes ) and long term variability ( median @ days ) were assessed in @ children .", "under standardised conditions , a single investigator conducted all measurements using a single device ; the repeated measurements were conducted at the same time of day in a familiar quiet classroom .", "long term variability ( median @ days ) was estimated in @ children .", "within-subject standard deviations were estimated by analysis of variance with adjustment for the effects of different investigators and measurement devices on within-subject variability under field conditions .", "under field conditions within-subject standard deviations for short and long term variability were @ kpa/l/s ( adjusted @ kpa/l/s ) and @ kpa/l/s ( adjusted @ kpa/l/s ) , respectively .", "under standardised conditions the within-subject standard deviation for long term variability was @ kpa/l/s .", "measurement of interrupter resistance under field conditions only slightly increased the within-subject variability compared with standardised conditions .", "the results indicate that interrupter resistance is a stable individual characteristic over a period of some weeks ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the short and long term variability of the interrupter technique was assessed to determine whether interrupter resistance is a stable individual characteristic over time .', 'the effect of field and standardised measurement conditions on the within-subject variability of the interrupter technique was also examined .', 'the interrupter technique was studied under field and standardised conditions in children aged @-@ years .', 'under field conditions , five investigators performed the measurements using two different measurement devices in random sequence .', 'both short term ( @-@ minutes ) and long term variability ( median @ days ) were assessed in @ children .', 'under standardised conditions , a single investigator conducted all measurements using a single device ; the repeated measurements were conducted at the same time of day in a familiar quiet classroom .', 'long term variability ( median @ days ) was estimated in @ children .', 'within-subject standard deviations were estimated by analysis of variance with adjustment for the effects of different investigators and measurement devices on within-subject variability under field conditions .', 'under field conditions within-subject standard deviations for short and long term variability were @ kpa/l/s ( adjusted @ kpa/l/s ) and @ kpa/l/s ( adjusted @ kpa/l/s ) , respectively .', 'under standardised conditions the within-subject standard deviation for long term variability was @ kpa/l/s .', 'measurement of interrupter resistance under field conditions only slightly increased the within-subject variability compared with standardised conditions .', 'the results indicate that interrupter resistance is a stable individual characteristic over a period of some weeks .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "school-based comprehensive sex education programs can reduce early adolescents ' risky sexual behavior .", "the purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a @-year comprehensive sex education program in delaying vaginal sex for middle school students and whether the family component of the intervention contributes to its effectiveness .", "this longitudinal evaluation followed a cohort of @th graders ( n = @ ) through the end of @th grade .", "the design used random assignment of @ schools into treatment and comparison conditions .", "the analysis included multiple-group logistic regression to assess differences in delay of sex between intervention and comparison groups .", "in schools where the program was taught , @ % fewer boys and @ % fewer girls had had sex by the end of @th grade compared to boys and girls at comparison schools .", "completing family activities during the first year of the program predicted delayed sexual debut for boys .", "theory-based , developmentally appropriate , comprehensive sex education programs that include parent involvement can be effective in delaying vaginal sex for middle school students .", "parent involvement is particularly important for boys , as family activities may encourage parents to talk with their sons earlier and more frequently ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: [\"school-based comprehensive sex education programs can reduce early adolescents ' risky sexual behavior .\", 'the purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a @-year comprehensive sex education program in delaying vaginal sex for middle school students and whether the family component of the intervention contributes to its effectiveness .', 'this longitudinal evaluation followed a cohort of @th graders ( n = @ ) through the end of @th grade .', 'the design used random assignment of @ schools into treatment and comparison conditions .', 'the analysis included multiple-group logistic regression to assess differences in delay of sex between intervention and comparison groups .', 'in schools where the program was taught , @ % fewer boys and @ % fewer girls had had sex by the end of @th grade compared to boys and girls at comparison schools .', 'completing family activities during the first year of the program predicted delayed sexual debut for boys .', 'theory-based , developmentally appropriate , comprehensive sex education programs that include parent involvement can be effective in delaying vaginal sex for middle school students .', 'parent involvement is particularly important for boys , as family activities may encourage parents to talk with their sons earlier and more frequently .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "intramuscular pethidine is routinely used throughout the uk for labour analgesia .", "studies have suggested that pethidine provides little pain relief in labour and has a number of side effects affecting mother and neonate .", "it can cause nausea , vomiting and dysphoria in mothers and can cause reduced fetal heart rate variability and accelerations .", "neonatal effects include respiratory depression and impaired feeding .", "there are few large studies comparing the relative side effects and efficacy of different opioids in labour .", "a small trial comparing intramuscular pethidine with diamorphine , showed diamorphine to have some benefits over pethidine when used for labour analgesia but the study did not investigate the adverse effects of either opioid .", "the intramuscular diamorphine versus intramuscular pethidine ( idvip ) trial is a randomised double-blind two centre controlled trial comparing intramuscular diamorphine and pethidine regarding their analgesic efficacy in labour and their side effects in mother , fetus and neonate .", "information about the trial will be provided to women in the antenatal period or in early labour .", "consent and recruitment to the trial will be obtained when the mother requests opioid analgesia .", "the sample size requirement is @ women with data on primary outcomes .", "the maternal primary outcomes are pain relief during the first @ hours after trial analgesia and specifically pain relief after @ minutes .", "the neonatal primary outcomes are need for resuscitation and apgar score < @ at @ minute .", "the secondary outcomes are an additional measure of pain relief , maternal sedation , nausea and vomiting , maternal oxygen saturation , satisfaction with analgesia , whether method of analgesia would be used again , use of entonox , umbilical arterial and venous ph , fetal heart rate , meconium staining , time from delivery to first breath , apgar scores at @ mins , naloxone requirement , transfer to neonatal intensive care unit , neonatal haemoglobin oxygen saturation at @ , @ , @ , and @ mins after delivery , and neonatal sedation and feeding behaviour during first @ hours .", "if the trial demonstrates that diamorphine provides better analgesia with fewer side effects in mother and neonate this could lead to a change in national practice and result in diamorphine becoming the preferred intramuscular opioid for analgesia in labour .", "isrctn@eudra no : @-@-@ , rec reference no : @/q@/@ , mhra authorisation no : @/@/@ -@ , nihr ukcrn reference @ , rfpb grant pb-pg-@-@_ir@ ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['intramuscular pethidine is routinely used throughout the uk for labour analgesia .', 'studies have suggested that pethidine provides little pain relief in labour and has a number of side effects affecting mother and neonate .', 'it can cause nausea , vomiting and dysphoria in mothers and can cause reduced fetal heart rate variability and accelerations .', 'neonatal effects include respiratory depression and impaired feeding .', 'there are few large studies comparing the relative side effects and efficacy of different opioids in labour .', 'a small trial comparing intramuscular pethidine with diamorphine , showed diamorphine to have some benefits over pethidine when used for labour analgesia but the study did not investigate the adverse effects of either opioid .', 'the intramuscular diamorphine versus intramuscular pethidine ( idvip ) trial is a randomised double-blind two centre controlled trial comparing intramuscular diamorphine and pethidine regarding their analgesic efficacy in labour and their side effects in mother , fetus and neonate .', 'information about the trial will be provided to women in the antenatal period or in early labour .', 'consent and recruitment to the trial will be obtained when the mother requests opioid analgesia .', 'the sample size requirement is @ women with data on primary outcomes .', 'the maternal primary outcomes are pain relief during the first @ hours after trial analgesia and specifically pain relief after @ minutes .', 'the neonatal primary outcomes are need for resuscitation and apgar score < @ at @ minute .', 'the secondary outcomes are an additional measure of pain relief , maternal sedation , nausea and vomiting , maternal oxygen saturation , satisfaction with analgesia , whether method of analgesia would be used again , use of entonox , umbilical arterial and venous ph , fetal heart rate , meconium staining , time from delivery to first breath , apgar scores at @ mins , naloxone requirement , transfer to neonatal intensive care unit , neonatal haemoglobin oxygen saturation at @ , @ , @ , and @ mins after delivery , and neonatal sedation and feeding behaviour during first @ hours .', 'if the trial demonstrates that diamorphine provides better analgesia with fewer side effects in mother and neonate this could lead to a change in national practice and result in diamorphine becoming the preferred intramuscular opioid for analgesia in labour .', 'isrctn@eudra no : @-@-@ , rec reference no : @/q@/@ , mhra authorisation no : @/@/@ -@ , nihr ukcrn reference @ , rfpb grant pb-pg-@-@_ir@ .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'BACKGROUND']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to investigate the effectiveness of disposable transrectal ultrasound needle guide in the prevention of possible infectious complications after transrectal prostate biopsy .", "one hundred ninety-eight patients who underwent transrectal needle biopsy of the prostate were included in the study .", "patients were randomly assigned into @ groups ; in group @ ( @ patients ) , prostate biopsies were taken with reusable needle guide .", "in group @ ( @ patients ) , biopsy was performed by using a disposable transrectal needle guide .", "patients received @ mg ciprofloxacin orally twice daily beginning the day before biopsy and continued for @ week .", "infectious complications were recorded as asymptomatic bacteriuria , acute urinary infection , high fever , and bacteremia .", "the mean age of the patients was @ years .", "the mean age of the patients were @ and @ years in group @ and @ , respectively ( p = @ ) .", "there were no significant differences between the regarding serum total and free prostate-specific antigen ( psa ) levels , total prostate volume , and transitional prostat volume ( p ( total psa ) = @ , p ( free psa ) = @ , p ( prostate volume ) = @ , p ( transitional zone volume of the prostate ) = @ ) .", "although asymptomatic bacteriuria was found in a total of @ ( @ % ) patients , acute urinary tract infection was diagnosed in @ ( @ % ) patients and high fever was observed in @ ( @ % ) patients .", "blood cultures did not show bacteremia in either of the groups .", "infectious complication rates were significantly lower in group @ than the other group ( p < @ ) .", "the use of a disposable needle guide helps minimize infection risk after transrectal prostate needle biopsy .", "the novel disposable needle guide seems to be the alternative to a reusable needle guide ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to investigate the effectiveness of disposable transrectal ultrasound needle guide in the prevention of possible infectious complications after transrectal prostate biopsy .', 'one hundred ninety-eight patients who underwent transrectal needle biopsy of the prostate were included in the study .', 'patients were randomly assigned into @ groups ; in group @ ( @ patients ) , prostate biopsies were taken with reusable needle guide .', 'in group @ ( @ patients ) , biopsy was performed by using a disposable transrectal needle guide .', 'patients received @ mg ciprofloxacin orally twice daily beginning the day before biopsy and continued for @ week .', 'infectious complications were recorded as asymptomatic bacteriuria , acute urinary infection , high fever , and bacteremia .', 'the mean age of the patients was @ years .', 'the mean age of the patients were @ and @ years in group @ and @ , respectively ( p = @ ) .', 'there were no significant differences between the regarding serum total and free prostate-specific antigen ( psa ) levels , total prostate volume , and transitional prostat volume ( p ( total psa ) = @ , p ( free psa ) = @ , p ( prostate volume ) = @ , p ( transitional zone volume of the prostate ) = @ ) .', 'although asymptomatic bacteriuria was found in a total of @ ( @ % ) patients , acute urinary tract infection was diagnosed in @ ( @ % ) patients and high fever was observed in @ ( @ % ) patients .', 'blood cultures did not show bacteremia in either of the groups .', 'infectious complication rates were significantly lower in group @ than the other group ( p < @ ) .', 'the use of a disposable needle guide helps minimize infection risk after transrectal prostate needle biopsy .', 'the novel disposable needle guide seems to be the alternative to a reusable needle guide .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "pregnancy and the postpartum period have been suggested as important contributors to overweight and obesity among women .", "this paper presents the design , rationale , and baseline participant characteristics of a randomized controlled intervention trial to enhance weight loss in postpartum women who entered pregnancy overweight or obese .", "active mothers postpartum ( amp ) is based on the rationale that the birth of a child can be a teachable moment .", "amp 's primary objectives are to promote and sustain a reduction in body mass index ( bmi ) up to @ years postpartum via changes in diet and exercise behavior , with a secondary aim to assess racial differences in these outcomes .", "women in the intervention arm participate in ten physical activity group sessions , eight healthy eating classes , and six telephone counseling sessions over a @-month period .", "they also receive motivational tools , including a workbook with recipes and exercises , a pedometer , and a sport stroller .", "four hundred fifty women aged > or = @ ( mean @ ) , with a bmi > or = @ kg/m ( @ ) ( mean @ ) at baseline ( @ weeks postpartum ) were enrolled ; @ % of the final sample are black and @ % are white .", "baseline characteristics by study arm and by race are presented .", "our intervention is designed to be disseminated broadly to benefit the public health .", "behavior change interventions based on principles of social cognitive theory , stage of readiness , and other models that coincide with a teachable moment , such as the birth of a child , could be important motivators for postpartum weight loss ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['pregnancy and the postpartum period have been suggested as important contributors to overweight and obesity among women .', 'this paper presents the design , rationale , and baseline participant characteristics of a randomized controlled intervention trial to enhance weight loss in postpartum women who entered pregnancy overweight or obese .', 'active mothers postpartum ( amp ) is based on the rationale that the birth of a child can be a teachable moment .', \"amp 's primary objectives are to promote and sustain a reduction in body mass index ( bmi ) up to @ years postpartum via changes in diet and exercise behavior , with a secondary aim to assess racial differences in these outcomes .\", 'women in the intervention arm participate in ten physical activity group sessions , eight healthy eating classes , and six telephone counseling sessions over a @-month period .', 'they also receive motivational tools , including a workbook with recipes and exercises , a pedometer , and a sport stroller .', 'four hundred fifty women aged > or = @ ( mean @ ) , with a bmi > or = @ kg/m ( @ ) ( mean @ ) at baseline ( @ weeks postpartum ) were enrolled ; @ % of the final sample are black and @ % are white .', 'baseline characteristics by study arm and by race are presented .', 'our intervention is designed to be disseminated broadly to benefit the public health .', 'behavior change interventions based on principles of social cognitive theory , stage of readiness , and other models that coincide with a teachable moment , such as the birth of a child , could be important motivators for postpartum weight loss .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "abused women , who suffer from chronic psychological stress , have been shown to have shorter telomeres than never abused women .", "telomere shortening is associated with increased risk of cell death , and it is believed that adopting health-promoting behaviors can help to increase the activity of telomerase , an enzyme that counters telomere shortening .", "qigong is an ancient chinese mind-body integration , health-oriented practice designed to enhance the function of qi , an energy that sustains well-being .", "therefore , an assessor-blind , randomized , wait-list controlled trial was developed to evaluate the effect of a qigong intervention on telomerase activity ( primary objective ) and proinflammatory cytokines , perceived stress , perceived coping , and depressive symptoms ( secondary objectives ) in abused chinese women .", "a total of @ chinese women , aged @ years , who have been abused by an intimate partner within the past three years will be recruited from a community setting in hong kong and randomized to receive either a qigong intervention or wait-list control condition as follows : the qigong intervention will comprise ( i ) a @-hour group qigong training session twice a week for @ weeks , ( ii ) a @-hour follow-up group qigong exercise session once a week for @ months , and ( iii ) a @-minute self-practice qigong exercise session once a day for @ months .", "the wait-list control group will receive qigong training after the intervention group completes the program .", "upon completion of the qigong intervention program , it is expected that abused chinese women in the intervention group will have higher levels of telomerase activity and perceived coping and lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines , perceived stress , and depressive symptoms than will abused chinese women in the wait-list control group .", "this study will provide information about the effect of qigong exercise on telomerase activity and chronic psychological stress in abused chinese women .", "the findings will inform the design of interventions to relieve the effects of ipv-related psychological stress on health .", "also , the concept that health-promoting behaviors could slow down cellular aging might even motivate abused women to change their lifestyles .", "current controlled trials nct@ .", "registered february @ , @ ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['abused women , who suffer from chronic psychological stress , have been shown to have shorter telomeres than never abused women .', 'telomere shortening is associated with increased risk of cell death , and it is believed that adopting health-promoting behaviors can help to increase the activity of telomerase , an enzyme that counters telomere shortening .', 'qigong is an ancient chinese mind-body integration , health-oriented practice designed to enhance the function of qi , an energy that sustains well-being .', 'therefore , an assessor-blind , randomized , wait-list controlled trial was developed to evaluate the effect of a qigong intervention on telomerase activity ( primary objective ) and proinflammatory cytokines , perceived stress , perceived coping , and depressive symptoms ( secondary objectives ) in abused chinese women .', 'a total of @ chinese women , aged @ years , who have been abused by an intimate partner within the past three years will be recruited from a community setting in hong kong and randomized to receive either a qigong intervention or wait-list control condition as follows : the qigong intervention will comprise ( i ) a @-hour group qigong training session twice a week for @ weeks , ( ii ) a @-hour follow-up group qigong exercise session once a week for @ months , and ( iii ) a @-minute self-practice qigong exercise session once a day for @ months .', 'the wait-list control group will receive qigong training after the intervention group completes the program .', 'upon completion of the qigong intervention program , it is expected that abused chinese women in the intervention group will have higher levels of telomerase activity and perceived coping and lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines , perceived stress , and depressive symptoms than will abused chinese women in the wait-list control group .', 'this study will provide information about the effect of qigong exercise on telomerase activity and chronic psychological stress in abused chinese women .', 'the findings will inform the design of interventions to relieve the effects of ipv-related psychological stress on health .', 'also , the concept that health-promoting behaviors could slow down cellular aging might even motivate abused women to change their lifestyles .', 'current controlled trials nct@ .', 'registered february @ , @ .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate the effectiveness of early detection of intrathoracic and bone metastases in reducing mortality in breast cancer patients .", "randomized clinical trial allocating breast cancer patients to two alternative follow-up protocols ( intensive vs clinical ) for at least @ years .", "twelve breast clinics ( referral centers ) in different areas in italy .", "a total of @ consecutive patients ( either premenopausal or postmenopausal ) surgically treated for unilateral invasive breast carcinoma with no evidence of metastases .", "the two study groups were well balanced in terms of clinical and prognostic characteristics .", "patients in both treatment groups had physical examination and mammography , while patients of the intensive follow-up group had , in addition , chest roentgenography and bone scan every @ months .", "vital status at @ years was the main outcome ; information was available for all except five patients ( @ % ) .", "relapse-free survival was also analyzed .", "overall , @ recurrences ( @ local and @ distant ) were observed during the study .", "increased detection of isolated intrathoracic and bone metastases was evident in the intensive follow-up group compared with the clinical follow-up group ( @ vs @ cases ) , while no difference was observed for other sites and for local and/or regional recurrences .", "the @-year relapse-free survival rate was significantly higher for the clinical follow-up group , with patients in the intensive follow-up group showing earlier detection of recurrences .", "no difference in @-year overall mortality ( @ % vs @ % ) was observed between the two follow-up groups .", "periodic chest roentgenography and bone scan allow earlier detection of distant metastases , but anticipated diagnosis appears to be the only effect of intensive follow-up , and no impact on prognosis is evident after @ years .", "periodic intensive follow-up with chest roentgenography and bone scan should not be recommended as a routine policy ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to evaluate the effectiveness of early detection of intrathoracic and bone metastases in reducing mortality in breast cancer patients .', 'randomized clinical trial allocating breast cancer patients to two alternative follow-up protocols ( intensive vs clinical ) for at least @ years .', 'twelve breast clinics ( referral centers ) in different areas in italy .', 'a total of @ consecutive patients ( either premenopausal or postmenopausal ) surgically treated for unilateral invasive breast carcinoma with no evidence of metastases .', 'the two study groups were well balanced in terms of clinical and prognostic characteristics .', 'patients in both treatment groups had physical examination and mammography , while patients of the intensive follow-up group had , in addition , chest roentgenography and bone scan every @ months .', 'vital status at @ years was the main outcome ; information was available for all except five patients ( @ % ) .', 'relapse-free survival was also analyzed .', 'overall , @ recurrences ( @ local and @ distant ) were observed during the study .', 'increased detection of isolated intrathoracic and bone metastases was evident in the intensive follow-up group compared with the clinical follow-up group ( @ vs @ cases ) , while no difference was observed for other sites and for local and/or regional recurrences .', 'the @-year relapse-free survival rate was significantly higher for the clinical follow-up group , with patients in the intensive follow-up group showing earlier detection of recurrences .', 'no difference in @-year overall mortality ( @ % vs @ % ) was observed between the two follow-up groups .', 'periodic chest roentgenography and bone scan allow earlier detection of distant metastases , but anticipated diagnosis appears to be the only effect of intensive follow-up , and no impact on prognosis is evident after @ years .', 'periodic intensive follow-up with chest roentgenography and bone scan should not be recommended as a routine policy .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare the clinical performance of a new polyhexamethylene-biguanide ( phmb ) - vs a polyquad-based contact lens care regime with two silicone hydrogel contact lenses .", "this study was a randomised , controlled and investigator-masked ( to the lens regimen ) clinical study where the clinical performance of two multipurpose contact lens solutions was compared at a single site .", "forty-one existing contact lens wearers were recruited and fitted randomly with either galyfilcon a or lotrafilcon a contact lenses .", "subjects wore the same lens type for a period of @ months but used a different care regime ( phmb - and polyquad-based ) in a crossover manner , each for a period of @ month .", "the primary outcome measure was the difference in corneal staining .", "corneal staining was graded in five different locations : central , superior , inferior , temporal and nasal .", "measurements of conjunctival redness , limbal redness , conjunctival staining and papillary conjunctivitis were also carried out throughout the study .", "biomicroscopic measures were graded using the efron grading scales .", "a variety of symptoms were also measured using a visual analogue scale .", "there was no statistically significant difference in overall corneal staining between lens types ( p = @ ) or care regimens ( p = @ ) .", "central corneal staining was significantly greater for the polyquad-based care regimen when compared with the phmb-based care regimen ( p = @ ) .", "lotrafilcon a lenses showed greater superior corneal staining ( p = @ ) and papillary conjunctivitis ( p = @ ) , and lower comfort on insertion ( p = @ ) when compared with galyfilcon a lenses regardless of the care regime used .", "there were no statistically significant differences in the other biomicrosopic signs and symptoms between the lens types and the care regimes .", "both care regimes performed in a similar clinical manner and are valid for use with the two silicone hydrogel contact lenses used in this study ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to compare the clinical performance of a new polyhexamethylene-biguanide ( phmb ) - vs a polyquad-based contact lens care regime with two silicone hydrogel contact lenses .', 'this study was a randomised , controlled and investigator-masked ( to the lens regimen ) clinical study where the clinical performance of two multipurpose contact lens solutions was compared at a single site .', 'forty-one existing contact lens wearers were recruited and fitted randomly with either galyfilcon a or lotrafilcon a contact lenses .', 'subjects wore the same lens type for a period of @ months but used a different care regime ( phmb - and polyquad-based ) in a crossover manner , each for a period of @ month .', 'the primary outcome measure was the difference in corneal staining .', 'corneal staining was graded in five different locations : central , superior , inferior , temporal and nasal .', 'measurements of conjunctival redness , limbal redness , conjunctival staining and papillary conjunctivitis were also carried out throughout the study .', 'biomicroscopic measures were graded using the efron grading scales .', 'a variety of symptoms were also measured using a visual analogue scale .', 'there was no statistically significant difference in overall corneal staining between lens types ( p = @ ) or care regimens ( p = @ ) .', 'central corneal staining was significantly greater for the polyquad-based care regimen when compared with the phmb-based care regimen ( p = @ ) .', 'lotrafilcon a lenses showed greater superior corneal staining ( p = @ ) and papillary conjunctivitis ( p = @ ) , and lower comfort on insertion ( p = @ ) when compared with galyfilcon a lenses regardless of the care regime used .', 'there were no statistically significant differences in the other biomicrosopic signs and symptoms between the lens types and the care regimes .', 'both care regimes performed in a similar clinical manner and are valid for use with the two silicone hydrogel contact lenses used in this study .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "a growing body of findings illustrates the importance of state-dependency in studies using brain stimulation .", "we aimed to investigate the effects of tdcs priming followed by rtms applied over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ( dlpfc ) on emotional working memory .", "in a randomized single-blind within-subjects design , participants performed an emotional @-back task at baseline and after tdcs priming ( anodal , cathodal ) and subsequent low-frequency rtms ( active , sham ) of the right dlpfc .", "stimuli consisted of words related to the distinct emotion categories fear and anger as well as neutral words .", "task accuracy increased for fear-related words and decreased for neutral words across stimulation conditions .", "no general state-dependent effects of prefrontal rtms on working memory were found .", "we further showed a detrimental effect of negative emotional content on working memory performance .", "our findings support a hemispheric lateralization of emotion processing by demonstrating that the withdrawal-related emotion fear is associated with the right dlpfc and contribute to clarifying the interaction between working memory and emotion ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['a growing body of findings illustrates the importance of state-dependency in studies using brain stimulation .', 'we aimed to investigate the effects of tdcs priming followed by rtms applied over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ( dlpfc ) on emotional working memory .', 'in a randomized single-blind within-subjects design , participants performed an emotional @-back task at baseline and after tdcs priming ( anodal , cathodal ) and subsequent low-frequency rtms ( active , sham ) of the right dlpfc .', 'stimuli consisted of words related to the distinct emotion categories fear and anger as well as neutral words .', 'task accuracy increased for fear-related words and decreased for neutral words across stimulation conditions .', 'no general state-dependent effects of prefrontal rtms on working memory were found .', 'we further showed a detrimental effect of negative emotional content on working memory performance .', 'our findings support a hemispheric lateralization of emotion processing by demonstrating that the withdrawal-related emotion fear is associated with the right dlpfc and contribute to clarifying the interaction between working memory and emotion .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "during the course of development of montelukast , a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor @ antagonist , for treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis , a double-blind , non-inferiority study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy and safety of montelukast @mg and @mg compared with pranlukast @mg , which has a similar mechanism of action .", "montelukast @mg , @mg or pranlukast @mg and the corresponding placebo were orally administered to patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis three times a day for @ weeks .", "non-inferior efficacy of montelukast @mg and @mg to pranlukast @mg was investigated by the change from the baseline in the composite nasal symptoms scores over the @-week treatment period .", "montelukast @mg , @mg once daily and the pranlukast @mg/day showed significant improvements in the change from the baseline in the composite , daytime and nighttime nasal symptom scores , and the improvement lasted for @ weeks .", "montelukast @mg and @mg were non-inferior to pranlukast @mg in the change from the baseline in the composite nasal symptoms scores .", "the incidence rates of adverse experiences and drug-related adverse experiences were not significantly different among the three treatment groups .", "the results indicate that administration of montelukast @mg and @mg once daily are potent alternatives for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis and demonstrated that the efficacy and the safety profiles are comparable with pranlukast @mg/day ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['during the course of development of montelukast , a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor @ antagonist , for treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis , a double-blind , non-inferiority study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy and safety of montelukast @mg and @mg compared with pranlukast @mg , which has a similar mechanism of action .', 'montelukast @mg , @mg or pranlukast @mg and the corresponding placebo were orally administered to patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis three times a day for @ weeks .', 'non-inferior efficacy of montelukast @mg and @mg to pranlukast @mg was investigated by the change from the baseline in the composite nasal symptoms scores over the @-week treatment period .', 'montelukast @mg , @mg once daily and the pranlukast @mg/day showed significant improvements in the change from the baseline in the composite , daytime and nighttime nasal symptom scores , and the improvement lasted for @ weeks .', 'montelukast @mg and @mg were non-inferior to pranlukast @mg in the change from the baseline in the composite nasal symptoms scores .', 'the incidence rates of adverse experiences and drug-related adverse experiences were not significantly different among the three treatment groups .', 'the results indicate that administration of montelukast @mg and @mg once daily are potent alternatives for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis and demonstrated that the efficacy and the safety profiles are comparable with pranlukast @mg/day .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to study lung protection by perfusion with hypothermic protective solution to the pulmonary artery during total correction of tetralogy of fallot ( tof ) .", "sixty-four consecutive children with tof were randomly divided into control group ( n = @ ) and lung protective group ( n = @ ) .", "the way of lung protection in the lung protective group was to perfuse with hypothermic protective solution to the pulmonary artery .", "patients in the control group were subjected to routine approach .", "patients ' hemodynamics and lung functions were monitored .", "plasma malondialdehyde ( mda ) , tnf-alpha and il-@ , il-@ in tracheal suction were measured .", "lung biopsy specimens were obtained after operations to study histological changes .", "the oxygen index was higher in the lung protect group than in the control group at @ h , @ h and @ h after operation ( t = @ , p < @ ; t = @ , p < @ ; t = @ , p < @ , respectively ) .", "the time for icu and mechanical ventilation was significantly less in the lung protective group than in the control group ( t = -@ , p < @ ; t = -@ , p < @ ) .", "the level of mda was lower in the lung protective group than in the control group at @ h and @ h after operations ( t = -@ , p < @ ; t = -@ , p < @ respectively ) .", "the level of tnf-alpha was lower in the lung protective group than in the control group at @ h , @ h and @ h after operation ( t = @ , p < @ ; t = @ , p < @ ; t = @ , p < @ , respectively ) .", "the levels of il-@ , il-@ in tracheal suction were lower in the lung protective group ( t = -@ , p < @ ; t = -@ , p < @ ) .", "tissue examination showed intraalveolar edema , capillary hyperemia , leukocytes accumulated , and mitochondria swelling in the control group , whereas no change in the lung protective group .", "perfusion with hypothermic protective solution to the pulmonary artery in cpb could reduce lung injury during the total correction of tof ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to study lung protection by perfusion with hypothermic protective solution to the pulmonary artery during total correction of tetralogy of fallot ( tof ) .', 'sixty-four consecutive children with tof were randomly divided into control group ( n = @ ) and lung protective group ( n = @ ) .', 'the way of lung protection in the lung protective group was to perfuse with hypothermic protective solution to the pulmonary artery .', 'patients in the control group were subjected to routine approach .', \"patients ' hemodynamics and lung functions were monitored .\", 'plasma malondialdehyde ( mda ) , tnf-alpha and il-@ , il-@ in tracheal suction were measured .', 'lung biopsy specimens were obtained after operations to study histological changes .', 'the oxygen index was higher in the lung protect group than in the control group at @ h , @ h and @ h after operation ( t = @ , p < @ ; t = @ , p < @ ; t = @ , p < @ , respectively ) .', 'the time for icu and mechanical ventilation was significantly less in the lung protective group than in the control group ( t = -@ , p < @ ; t = -@ , p < @ ) .', 'the level of mda was lower in the lung protective group than in the control group at @ h and @ h after operations ( t = -@ , p < @ ; t = -@ , p < @ respectively ) .', 'the level of tnf-alpha was lower in the lung protective group than in the control group at @ h , @ h and @ h after operation ( t = @ , p < @ ; t = @ , p < @ ; t = @ , p < @ , respectively ) .', 'the levels of il-@ , il-@ in tracheal suction were lower in the lung protective group ( t = -@ , p < @ ; t = -@ , p < @ ) .', 'tissue examination showed intraalveolar edema , capillary hyperemia , leukocytes accumulated , and mitochondria swelling in the control group , whereas no change in the lung protective group .', 'perfusion with hypothermic protective solution to the pulmonary artery in cpb could reduce lung injury during the total correction of tof .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "to evaluate the prevention of joint destruction and clinical efficacy of low-dose etanercept ( etn ) ( @ mg/week ) compared with standard-dose etn ( @ mg/week ) in ra .", "in this prospective , randomized , open-label study , @ patients were assigned to receive etn at either @ or @ mg/week for @ weeks .", "the primary endpoint was the variation in modified total sharp score ( mtss ) , and secondary endpoints were variations in disease activity score in @ joints ( das-@ ) , modified haq and adverse event rate .", "values of mtss were calculated at baseline and after @ weeks .", "non-progression was estimated as mtss @ , and the non-progression rate was compared between groups .", "mean values at baseline were as follows : disease duration @ years ; das-@ @ ; and annual progression of mtss @ .", "no significant differences in background were seen between groups .", "at @ weeks , the non-progression rate was significantly less in the @ mg/week group ( @ % ) than in the @ mg/week group ( @ % ) ( p = @ ) .", "mean mtss was higher at @ mg/week ( @ ) than at @ mg/week ( -@ ) .", "das-@ was significantly improved at @ weeks , and the effect of treatment lasted for @ weeks in both groups .", "no differences in adverse event rates were seen between groups .", "low-dose etn is not inferior to standard-dose etn in terms of effects on clinical manifestations .", "however , in terms of the radiographic non-progression rate , the effects of low-dose etn may be inferior to the effects of standard-dose etn .", "umin clinical trials registry , http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/ , umin@ ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to evaluate the prevention of joint destruction and clinical efficacy of low-dose etanercept ( etn ) ( @ mg/week ) compared with standard-dose etn ( @ mg/week ) in ra .', 'in this prospective , randomized , open-label study , @ patients were assigned to receive etn at either @ or @ mg/week for @ weeks .', 'the primary endpoint was the variation in modified total sharp score ( mtss ) , and secondary endpoints were variations in disease activity score in @ joints ( das-@ ) , modified haq and adverse event rate .', 'values of mtss were calculated at baseline and after @ weeks .', 'non-progression was estimated as mtss @ , and the non-progression rate was compared between groups .', 'mean values at baseline were as follows : disease duration @ years ; das-@ @ ; and annual progression of mtss @ .', 'no significant differences in background were seen between groups .', 'at @ weeks , the non-progression rate was significantly less in the @ mg/week group ( @ % ) than in the @ mg/week group ( @ % ) ( p = @ ) .', 'mean mtss was higher at @ mg/week ( @ ) than at @ mg/week ( -@ ) .', 'das-@ was significantly improved at @ weeks , and the effect of treatment lasted for @ weeks in both groups .', 'no differences in adverse event rates were seen between groups .', 'low-dose etn is not inferior to standard-dose etn in terms of effects on clinical manifestations .', 'however , in terms of the radiographic non-progression rate , the effects of low-dose etn may be inferior to the effects of standard-dose etn .', 'umin clinical trials registry , http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/ , umin@ .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'BACKGROUND']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare the effect of tetracaine @ % on central corneal thickness ( cct ) measurements obtained by the ultrasound pachymetry ( usp ) and topcon sp-@p specular microscope .", "in the following sequence , sp-@p before anesthesia , usp before anesthesia , sp-@p @mins after anesthesia , usp @mins after anesthesia , cct measurements were obtained from @ randomly selected eyes of @ oculo-visually young adults in @ measurement sessions .", "the cct before instilling anesthetic did not vary significantly in each technique within session ( p > @ ) and between sessions ( p > @ ) .", "baseline cct measurements obtained by the usp were significantly ( p < @ ) higher than that of sp-@p by about @m and @m in sessions @ and @ , respectively .", "a small but statistically insignificant increase in cct ( p > @ ) was observed @mins after instilling one drop of @ % tetracaine in both sessions of sp-@p , whereas a statistically significant increase ( p < @ ) in cct in both sessions of usp was observed .", "the precision of the effects of anesthesia in the usp for sessions @ and @ was@m and@m , and in sp-@p sessions @ and @ , respectively , was@m and@m .", "topical anesthetic might have an effect on cct measurements made with the ultrasound pachymeter .", "such an effect could be due to instability of the tear film caused by the anesthetic , and this effect was not measurable with the sp-@p suggesting that the difference in the principles of operation of both pachymetry devices might play a significant role in the detection of changes in cct induced by topical anesthetic and the difference in cct measurements observed between techniques ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to compare the effect of tetracaine @ % on central corneal thickness ( cct ) measurements obtained by the ultrasound pachymetry ( usp ) and topcon sp-@p specular microscope .', 'in the following sequence , sp-@p before anesthesia , usp before anesthesia , sp-@p @mins after anesthesia , usp @mins after anesthesia , cct measurements were obtained from @ randomly selected eyes of @ oculo-visually young adults in @ measurement sessions .', 'the cct before instilling anesthetic did not vary significantly in each technique within session ( p > @ ) and between sessions ( p > @ ) .', 'baseline cct measurements obtained by the usp were significantly ( p < @ ) higher than that of sp-@p by about @m and @m in sessions @ and @ , respectively .', 'a small but statistically insignificant increase in cct ( p > @ ) was observed @mins after instilling one drop of @ % tetracaine in both sessions of sp-@p , whereas a statistically significant increase ( p < @ ) in cct in both sessions of usp was observed .', 'the precision of the effects of anesthesia in the usp for sessions @ and @ was@m and@m , and in sp-@p sessions @ and @ , respectively , was@m and@m .', 'topical anesthetic might have an effect on cct measurements made with the ultrasound pachymeter .', 'such an effect could be due to instability of the tear film caused by the anesthetic , and this effect was not measurable with the sp-@p suggesting that the difference in the principles of operation of both pachymetry devices might play a significant role in the detection of changes in cct induced by topical anesthetic and the difference in cct measurements observed between techniques .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "generalized anxiety disorder ( gad ) is a chronic disorder in need of reliable data to guide long-term treatment .", "to assess the benefits of @ and @ months ' treatment of gad with venlafaxine hydrochloride extended release ( xr ) in patients who improved after @ months ' open-label venlafaxine xr treatment .", "after @ months ' open-label venlafaxine xr treatment , improved patients were randomized to venlafaxine xr or placebo for @ months .", "all venlafaxine xr patients still in the study at @ months were randomized to receive venlafaxine xr or placebo , and all placebo patients continued taking placebo for another @ months .", "one urban site ( @ locations ) .", "of @ patients with a diagnosis of gad entering the open-label venlafaxine xr treatment phase , @ ( @ % ) completed @ months , and @ ( @ % ) entered relapse phase @ ( @-@ months ) .", "fifty-nine ( @ % ) of @ patients entered phase @ ( @-@ months ) .", "six months ' open-label treatment with venlafaxine xr , followed by double-blind venlafaxine xr or placebo for @ relapse phases , each lasting @ months .", "time to relapse while receiving venlafaxine xr or placebo after @ and after @ months of treatment .", "relapse was strictly defined to safeguard against assigning patients with venlafaxine xr discontinuation symptoms or temporary anxiety increase as relapse .", "for objective @ , relapse rates in phase @ ( months @-@ ) were @ % on venlafaxine xr and @ % on placebo ( p < @ ) .", "for objective @ , relapse rates after @ months on placebo ( @ % ) were lower than after @ months on venlafaxine xr ( @ % ) ( p < @ ) .", "treatment of gad with an antidepressant should be continued for at least @ months .", "preliminary data demonstrate that improved patients who relapse while off their antianxiety medication after at least @ months of treatment will again most likely respond to a second course of treatment with the same medication .", "trial registration clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct@ ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['generalized anxiety disorder ( gad ) is a chronic disorder in need of reliable data to guide long-term treatment .', \"to assess the benefits of @ and @ months ' treatment of gad with venlafaxine hydrochloride extended release ( xr ) in patients who improved after @ months ' open-label venlafaxine xr treatment .\", \"after @ months ' open-label venlafaxine xr treatment , improved patients were randomized to venlafaxine xr or placebo for @ months .\", 'all venlafaxine xr patients still in the study at @ months were randomized to receive venlafaxine xr or placebo , and all placebo patients continued taking placebo for another @ months .', 'one urban site ( @ locations ) .', 'of @ patients with a diagnosis of gad entering the open-label venlafaxine xr treatment phase , @ ( @ % ) completed @ months , and @ ( @ % ) entered relapse phase @ ( @-@ months ) .', 'fifty-nine ( @ % ) of @ patients entered phase @ ( @-@ months ) .', \"six months ' open-label treatment with venlafaxine xr , followed by double-blind venlafaxine xr or placebo for @ relapse phases , each lasting @ months .\", 'time to relapse while receiving venlafaxine xr or placebo after @ and after @ months of treatment .', 'relapse was strictly defined to safeguard against assigning patients with venlafaxine xr discontinuation symptoms or temporary anxiety increase as relapse .', 'for objective @ , relapse rates in phase @ ( months @-@ ) were @ % on venlafaxine xr and @ % on placebo ( p < @ ) .', 'for objective @ , relapse rates after @ months on placebo ( @ % ) were lower than after @ months on venlafaxine xr ( @ % ) ( p < @ ) .', 'treatment of gad with an antidepressant should be continued for at least @ months .', 'preliminary data demonstrate that improved patients who relapse while off their antianxiety medication after at least @ months of treatment will again most likely respond to a second course of treatment with the same medication .', 'trial registration clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct@ .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "kidney transplantation is associated with an increased risk of bone fracture and rapid loss of bone mineral density after kidney transplantation .", "randomized controlled trial .", "patients were randomly assigned to treatment ( n = @ ) or control ( no treatment ; n = @ ) groups .", "patients were stratified according to parathyroid hormone level and sex .", "those with parathyroid hormone level less than @ pg/ml were excluded .", "the treatment and control groups received pamidronate , @ mg/kg , perioperatively and then at @ , @ , @ , and @ months or no treatment , respectively .", "all received calcium ( @ mg ) and vitamin d ( @ units ) daily .", "immunosuppression was cyclosporine and prednisolone , with no difference in dosing between the @ groups .", "bone mineral density was evaluated by means of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry of the lumbar spine and hip at baseline and @ , @ , @ , and @ months , with the primary end point at @ year of percentage of change in bone mineral density from baseline .", "clinical fractures were recorded and also evaluated by means of spinal radiographs at baseline and @ and @ years .", "pamidronate protected bone mineral density at the lumbar spine ; bone mineral density increased by @ % in the treatment group and decreased by @ % in the control group at @ months ( p = @ ) .", "protection was also seen in ward 's area of the hip ( p = @ ) and the total hip ( p = @ ) .", "there was no difference in femoral neck bone mineral density loss between the @ groups .", "fracture rates in the treatment and control groups were @ % and @ % per annum , respectively .", "this study was not powered to detect differences in fracture rates .", "pamidronate protects against posttransplantation bone loss at the lumbar spine and ward 's area of the hip ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['kidney transplantation is associated with an increased risk of bone fracture and rapid loss of bone mineral density after kidney transplantation .', 'randomized controlled trial .', 'patients were randomly assigned to treatment ( n = @ ) or control ( no treatment ; n = @ ) groups .', 'patients were stratified according to parathyroid hormone level and sex .', 'those with parathyroid hormone level less than @ pg/ml were excluded .', 'the treatment and control groups received pamidronate , @ mg/kg , perioperatively and then at @ , @ , @ , and @ months or no treatment , respectively .', 'all received calcium ( @ mg ) and vitamin d ( @ units ) daily .', 'immunosuppression was cyclosporine and prednisolone , with no difference in dosing between the @ groups .', 'bone mineral density was evaluated by means of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry of the lumbar spine and hip at baseline and @ , @ , @ , and @ months , with the primary end point at @ year of percentage of change in bone mineral density from baseline .', 'clinical fractures were recorded and also evaluated by means of spinal radiographs at baseline and @ and @ years .', 'pamidronate protected bone mineral density at the lumbar spine ; bone mineral density increased by @ % in the treatment group and decreased by @ % in the control group at @ months ( p = @ ) .', \"protection was also seen in ward 's area of the hip ( p = @ ) and the total hip ( p = @ ) .\", 'there was no difference in femoral neck bone mineral density loss between the @ groups .', 'fracture rates in the treatment and control groups were @ % and @ % per annum , respectively .', 'this study was not powered to detect differences in fracture rates .', \"pamidronate protects against posttransplantation bone loss at the lumbar spine and ward 's area of the hip .\"]" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "many patients with esrd , particularly minorities and women , face barriers in completing the steps required to obtain a transplant .", "these eight sequential steps are as follows : medical suitability , interest in transplant , referral to a transplant center , first visit to center , transplant workup , successful candidate , waiting list or identify living donor , and receive transplant .", "this study sought to determine the effect of navigators on completion of steps .", "cluster randomized , controlled trial at @ ohio hemodialysis facilities .", "one hundred sixty-seven patients were recruited between january @ and august @ and were followed for up to @ months or until study end in february @ .", "trained kidney transplant recipients met monthly with intervention participants ( n = @ ) , determined their step in the transplant process , and provided tailored information and assistance in completing the step .", "control participants ( n = @ ) continued to receive usual care .", "the primary outcome was the number of transplant process steps completed .", "starting step did not significantly differ between the two groups .", "by the end of the trial , intervention participants completed more than twice as many steps as control participants ( @ versus @ steps ; difference , @ steps ; @ % confidence interval , @-@ @ steps ) .", "the effect of the intervention on step completion was similar across race and sex subgroups .", "use of trained transplant recipients as navigators resulted in increased completion of transplant process steps ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['many patients with esrd , particularly minorities and women , face barriers in completing the steps required to obtain a transplant .', 'these eight sequential steps are as follows : medical suitability , interest in transplant , referral to a transplant center , first visit to center , transplant workup , successful candidate , waiting list or identify living donor , and receive transplant .', 'this study sought to determine the effect of navigators on completion of steps .', 'cluster randomized , controlled trial at @ ohio hemodialysis facilities .', 'one hundred sixty-seven patients were recruited between january @ and august @ and were followed for up to @ months or until study end in february @ .', 'trained kidney transplant recipients met monthly with intervention participants ( n = @ ) , determined their step in the transplant process , and provided tailored information and assistance in completing the step .', 'control participants ( n = @ ) continued to receive usual care .', 'the primary outcome was the number of transplant process steps completed .', 'starting step did not significantly differ between the two groups .', 'by the end of the trial , intervention participants completed more than twice as many steps as control participants ( @ versus @ steps ; difference , @ steps ; @ % confidence interval , @-@ @ steps ) .', 'the effect of the intervention on step completion was similar across race and sex subgroups .', 'use of trained transplant recipients as navigators resulted in increased completion of transplant process steps .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to investigate the changes in plasma atrial natriuretic peptide , renin activity , and aldosterone during isoflurane anesthesia in patients over @ years .", "prospective , randomized , controlled study .", "operating rooms and postanesthesia recovery room of hirosaki university hospital and hakodate watanabe hospital .", "@ patients undergoing reduction of femur neck fracture ( @ patients ranging in age from @ to @ years and @ patients ranging in age from @ to @ years as control ) .", "in all patients , anesthesia was induced with intravenous ( i.v. ) thiopental sodium @ to @ mg/kg succinylcholine @ to @ mg/kg for facilitating tracheal intubation and was maintained with @ % to @ % isoflurane in @ % oxygen .", "plasma atrial natriuretic peptide ( anp ) , plasma renin activity ( pra ) , and plasma aldosterone ( pa ) levels were assayed .", "blood samples were obtained on the following occasions : before the induction of anesthesia , @ minutes after skin incision , @ minutes after anesthesia induction , and the @ minutes after the end of surgery .", "plasma renin activity and pa levels in patients from @ to @ years increased significantly @ minutes after induction , whereas pra and pa levels in patients over @ years were unchanged .", "there were significant differences in pra and pa levels between both groups at any time of measurements .", "plasma anp levels of patients over @ years were significantly elevated at @ minutes induction .", "plasma anp levels in patients over @ years at @ minutes after the induction and @ minutes after the end of surgery were significantly higher than those of patients from @ to @ years .", "plasma renin activity in hypertensive patients over @ years at @ minutes after the induction was significantly lower than that observed in normotensive patients .", "the renal loss of sodium was increased in the hypertensive patients .", "orthopedic patients over @ years of age have decreased pra and pa , increased anp , and renal loss of sodium as compared with patients @ to @ years , during isoflurane anesthesia .", "plasma renin activity at @ minutes after induction was decreased in hypertensive patients over @ years , but pa and anp were not affected by hypertension during anesthesia ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to investigate the changes in plasma atrial natriuretic peptide , renin activity , and aldosterone during isoflurane anesthesia in patients over @ years .', 'prospective , randomized , controlled study .', 'operating rooms and postanesthesia recovery room of hirosaki university hospital and hakodate watanabe hospital .', '@ patients undergoing reduction of femur neck fracture ( @ patients ranging in age from @ to @ years and @ patients ranging in age from @ to @ years as control ) .', 'in all patients , anesthesia was induced with intravenous ( i.v. ) thiopental sodium @ to @ mg/kg succinylcholine @ to @ mg/kg for facilitating tracheal intubation and was maintained with @ % to @ % isoflurane in @ % oxygen .', 'plasma atrial natriuretic peptide ( anp ) , plasma renin activity ( pra ) , and plasma aldosterone ( pa ) levels were assayed .', 'blood samples were obtained on the following occasions : before the induction of anesthesia , @ minutes after skin incision , @ minutes after anesthesia induction , and the @ minutes after the end of surgery .', 'plasma renin activity and pa levels in patients from @ to @ years increased significantly @ minutes after induction , whereas pra and pa levels in patients over @ years were unchanged .', 'there were significant differences in pra and pa levels between both groups at any time of measurements .', 'plasma anp levels of patients over @ years were significantly elevated at @ minutes induction .', 'plasma anp levels in patients over @ years at @ minutes after the induction and @ minutes after the end of surgery were significantly higher than those of patients from @ to @ years .', 'plasma renin activity in hypertensive patients over @ years at @ minutes after the induction was significantly lower than that observed in normotensive patients .', 'the renal loss of sodium was increased in the hypertensive patients .', 'orthopedic patients over @ years of age have decreased pra and pa , increased anp , and renal loss of sodium as compared with patients @ to @ years , during isoflurane anesthesia .', 'plasma renin activity at @ minutes after induction was decreased in hypertensive patients over @ years , but pa and anp were not affected by hypertension during anesthesia .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "self-monitoring of physical activity ( pa ) and diet are key components of behavioral weight loss programs .", "the purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between diet ( mobile app , website , or paper journal ) and pa ( mobile app vs no mobile app ) self-monitoring and dietary and pa behaviors .", "this study is a post hoc analysis of a @-month randomized weight loss trial among @ overweight men and women ( body mass index ( bmi ) @-@ kg/m ( @ ) ) conducted from @ to @ .", "participants in both randomized groups were collapsed and categorized by their chosen self-monitoring method for diet and pa. .", "all participants received a behavioral weight loss intervention delivered via podcast and were encouraged to self-monitor dietary intake and pa. .", "adjusting for randomized group and demographics , pa app users self-monitored exercise more frequently over the @-month study ( @ days/week ) and reported greater intentional pa ( @ kcal/day ) than non-app users ( @ days/week pa self-monitoring , p < @ ; @ kcal/day intentional pa , p = @ ) .", "pa app users also had a significantly lower bmi at @ months ( @ kg/m ( @ ) ) than non-users ( @ kg/m ( @ ) ; p = @ ) .", "frequency of self-monitoring did not differ by diet self-monitoring method ( p = @ ) ; however , app users consumed less energy ( @ kcal/day ) than paper journal users ( @ kcal/day ; p = @ ) at @ months .", "bmi did not differ among the three diet monitoring methods ( p = @ ) .", "these findings point to potential benefits of mobile monitoring methods during behavioral weight loss trials .", "future studies should examine ways to predict which self-monitoring method works best for an individual to increase adherence ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['self-monitoring of physical activity ( pa ) and diet are key components of behavioral weight loss programs .', 'the purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between diet ( mobile app , website , or paper journal ) and pa ( mobile app vs no mobile app ) self-monitoring and dietary and pa behaviors .', 'this study is a post hoc analysis of a @-month randomized weight loss trial among @ overweight men and women ( body mass index ( bmi ) @-@ kg/m ( @ ) ) conducted from @ to @ .', 'participants in both randomized groups were collapsed and categorized by their chosen self-monitoring method for diet and pa. .', 'all participants received a behavioral weight loss intervention delivered via podcast and were encouraged to self-monitor dietary intake and pa. .', 'adjusting for randomized group and demographics , pa app users self-monitored exercise more frequently over the @-month study ( @ days/week ) and reported greater intentional pa ( @ kcal/day ) than non-app users ( @ days/week pa self-monitoring , p < @ ; @ kcal/day intentional pa , p = @ ) .', 'pa app users also had a significantly lower bmi at @ months ( @ kg/m ( @ ) ) than non-users ( @ kg/m ( @ ) ; p = @ ) .', 'frequency of self-monitoring did not differ by diet self-monitoring method ( p = @ ) ; however , app users consumed less energy ( @ kcal/day ) than paper journal users ( @ kcal/day ; p = @ ) at @ months .', 'bmi did not differ among the three diet monitoring methods ( p = @ ) .', 'these findings point to potential benefits of mobile monitoring methods during behavioral weight loss trials .', 'future studies should examine ways to predict which self-monitoring method works best for an individual to increase adherence .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "in acute myocardial infarction , distal embolization of debris during primary percutaneous catheter intervention may curtail microvascular reperfusion of the infarct region .", "our randomized trial investigated whether distal protection with a filter device can improve microvascular perfusion and reduce infarct size after primary percutaneous catheter intervention .", "we enrolled @ patients who had angina within @ hours after onset of pain plus at least @ of @ additional criteria : st-segment elevation , elevated myocardial marker proteins , and angiographic evidence of thrombotic occlusion .", "among the patients included ( @ % men ; mean age , @ + / -@ years ) , @ were randomly assigned to the filter-wire group and @ to the control group .", "the primary end point was the maximal adenosine-induced doppler flow velocity in the recanalized infarct artery ; the secondary end point was infarct size estimated by the volume of delayed enhancement on nuclear mri .", "st-segment elevation myocardial infarction was present in @ % of the patients ; the median time from onset of pain was @ hours .", "in the filter-wire group , maximal adenosine-induced flow velocity was @ + / -@ compared with @ + / -@ cm/s in the control group ( p = @ ) .", "infarct sizes , assessed in @ patients in the filter-wire group and @ patients in the control group , were @ + / -@ % of the left ventricular mass in the filter-wire group and @ + / -@ % in the control group ( p = @ ) .", "thirty-day mortality was @ % in filter-wire group and @ % in the control group .", "the filter wire as an adjunct to primary percutaneous catheter intervention in myocardial infarction with and without st-segment elevation did not improve reperfusion or reduce infarct size ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['in acute myocardial infarction , distal embolization of debris during primary percutaneous catheter intervention may curtail microvascular reperfusion of the infarct region .', 'our randomized trial investigated whether distal protection with a filter device can improve microvascular perfusion and reduce infarct size after primary percutaneous catheter intervention .', 'we enrolled @ patients who had angina within @ hours after onset of pain plus at least @ of @ additional criteria : st-segment elevation , elevated myocardial marker proteins , and angiographic evidence of thrombotic occlusion .', 'among the patients included ( @ % men ; mean age , @ + / -@ years ) , @ were randomly assigned to the filter-wire group and @ to the control group .', 'the primary end point was the maximal adenosine-induced doppler flow velocity in the recanalized infarct artery ; the secondary end point was infarct size estimated by the volume of delayed enhancement on nuclear mri .', 'st-segment elevation myocardial infarction was present in @ % of the patients ; the median time from onset of pain was @ hours .', 'in the filter-wire group , maximal adenosine-induced flow velocity was @ + / -@ compared with @ + / -@ cm/s in the control group ( p = @ ) .', 'infarct sizes , assessed in @ patients in the filter-wire group and @ patients in the control group , were @ + / -@ % of the left ventricular mass in the filter-wire group and @ + / -@ % in the control group ( p = @ ) .', 'thirty-day mortality was @ % in filter-wire group and @ % in the control group .', 'the filter wire as an adjunct to primary percutaneous catheter intervention in myocardial infarction with and without st-segment elevation did not improve reperfusion or reduce infarct size .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "depression is one of the more severe and serious health problems because of its morbidity , disabling effects and for its societal and economic burden .", "despite the variety of existing pharmacological and psychological treatments , most of the cases evolve with only partial remission , relapse and recurrence.cognitive models have contributed significantly to the understanding of unipolar depression and its psychological treatment .", "however , success is only partial and many authors affirm the need to improve those models and also the treatment programs derived from them .", "one of the issues that requires further elaboration is the difficulty these patients experience in responding to treatment and in maintaining therapeutic gains across time without relapse or recurrence .", "our research group has been working on the notion of cognitive conflict viewed as personal dilemmas according to personal construct theory .", "we use a novel method for identifying those conflicts using the repertory grid technique ( rgt ) .", "preliminary results with depressive patients show that about @ % of them have one or more of those conflicts .", "this fact might explain the blockage and the difficult progress of these patients , especially the more severe and/or chronic .", "these results justify the need for specific interventions focused on the resolution of these internal conflicts .", "this study aims to empirically test the hypothesis that an intervention focused on the dilemma ( s ) specifically detected for each patient will enhance the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy ( cbt ) for depression .", "a therapy manual for a dilemma-focused intervention will be tested using a randomized clinical trial by comparing the outcome of two treatment conditions : combined group cbt ( eight , @-hour weekly sessions ) plus individual dilemma-focused therapy ( eight , @-hour weekly sessions ) and cbt alone ( eight , @-hour group weekly sessions plus eight , @-hour individual weekly sessions ) .", "participants are patients aged over @ years meeting diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder or dysthymic disorder , with a score of @ or above on the beck depression inventory , second edition ( bdi-ii ) and presenting at least one cognitive conflict ( implicative dilemma or dilemmatic construct ) as assessed using the rgt .", "the bdi-ii is the primary outcome measure , collected at baseline , at the end of therapy , and at @ - and @-month follow-up ; other secondary measures are also used .", "we expect that adding a dilemma-focused intervention to cbt will increase the efficacy of one of the more prestigious therapies for depression , thus resulting in a significant contribution to the psychological treatment of depression .", "isrctn@ ; clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct@ ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['depression is one of the more severe and serious health problems because of its morbidity , disabling effects and for its societal and economic burden .', 'despite the variety of existing pharmacological and psychological treatments , most of the cases evolve with only partial remission , relapse and recurrence.cognitive models have contributed significantly to the understanding of unipolar depression and its psychological treatment .', 'however , success is only partial and many authors affirm the need to improve those models and also the treatment programs derived from them .', 'one of the issues that requires further elaboration is the difficulty these patients experience in responding to treatment and in maintaining therapeutic gains across time without relapse or recurrence .', 'our research group has been working on the notion of cognitive conflict viewed as personal dilemmas according to personal construct theory .', 'we use a novel method for identifying those conflicts using the repertory grid technique ( rgt ) .', 'preliminary results with depressive patients show that about @ % of them have one or more of those conflicts .', 'this fact might explain the blockage and the difficult progress of these patients , especially the more severe and/or chronic .', 'these results justify the need for specific interventions focused on the resolution of these internal conflicts .', 'this study aims to empirically test the hypothesis that an intervention focused on the dilemma ( s ) specifically detected for each patient will enhance the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy ( cbt ) for depression .', 'a therapy manual for a dilemma-focused intervention will be tested using a randomized clinical trial by comparing the outcome of two treatment conditions : combined group cbt ( eight , @-hour weekly sessions ) plus individual dilemma-focused therapy ( eight , @-hour weekly sessions ) and cbt alone ( eight , @-hour group weekly sessions plus eight , @-hour individual weekly sessions ) .', 'participants are patients aged over @ years meeting diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder or dysthymic disorder , with a score of @ or above on the beck depression inventory , second edition ( bdi-ii ) and presenting at least one cognitive conflict ( implicative dilemma or dilemmatic construct ) as assessed using the rgt .', 'the bdi-ii is the primary outcome measure , collected at baseline , at the end of therapy , and at @ - and @-month follow-up ; other secondary measures are also used .', 'we expect that adding a dilemma-focused intervention to cbt will increase the efficacy of one of the more prestigious therapies for depression , thus resulting in a significant contribution to the psychological treatment of depression .', 'isrctn@ ; clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct@ .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'BACKGROUND']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate the effect of zinc supplementation on mental and psychomotor scores in children aged @ to @ months .", "in this double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled trial , children aged @ to @ months received daily elemental zinc ( @ mg for infants and @ mg for others ) or placebo for @ months .", "bayley scales of infant development ii were used for development assessment in the @ - to @-month subgroup at enrollment and the end of the study .", "at the end of the study , the adjusted mean mental ( p = @ ) and psychomotor ( p = @ ) index scores were similar in the intervention and control groups .", "in a multivariate model , the baseline mental development index score was positively associated with the mother 's schooling , the child 's height for age , packed cell volumes , hospital birth , and attendance at a day care center , and was negatively associated with the child 's age .", "breastfeeding , the child 's weight for height , and packed cell volumes were positively associated with the baseline psychomotor index score .", "zinc supplementation did not affect the mental or psychomotor development index scores in a setting in which zinc deficiency is common ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to evaluate the effect of zinc supplementation on mental and psychomotor scores in children aged @ to @ months .', 'in this double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled trial , children aged @ to @ months received daily elemental zinc ( @ mg for infants and @ mg for others ) or placebo for @ months .', 'bayley scales of infant development ii were used for development assessment in the @ - to @-month subgroup at enrollment and the end of the study .', 'at the end of the study , the adjusted mean mental ( p = @ ) and psychomotor ( p = @ ) index scores were similar in the intervention and control groups .', \"in a multivariate model , the baseline mental development index score was positively associated with the mother 's schooling , the child 's height for age , packed cell volumes , hospital birth , and attendance at a day care center , and was negatively associated with the child 's age .\", \"breastfeeding , the child 's weight for height , and packed cell volumes were positively associated with the baseline psychomotor index score .\", 'zinc supplementation did not affect the mental or psychomotor development index scores in a setting in which zinc deficiency is common .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "increasing colorectal cancer screening ( crcs ) can have a substantial positive impact on morbidity and mortality .", "the purpose of this report is to describe the development and feasibility testing of a computer-based , theory-guided educational program designed to increase crcs .", "this mixed-methods study used focus groups and subsequent randomized controlled trial design .", "participants ( n = @ ) were randomized to an intervention or control group ; @ % were african american ; mean age was @ ( sd = @ ) ; @ % were male .", "previously validated measures on knowledge , beliefs , and screening test adherence were used to establish pre - and post-intervention perceptions .", "feasibility was measured by response and completion rates , and participants ' perceptions of the program .", "before feasibility testing , the program was presented to @ focus groups .", "changes were made to the program based on discussion , leading to a visually appealing , easy to understand and navigate , self-paced program .", "in the rct pilot test that followed , of the participants in the intervention group , @ % said the education helped them decide to get crcs ; @ % agreed it helped them overcome barriers ; @ % agreed it was useful , @ % thought it raised new concerns about cancer , but only @ % said it made them worry about crc ; @ % agreed their doctor 's office should continue giving such education , and @ % said they would inform family about the program .", "the response rate of @ % demonstrated feasibility of conducting colorectal cancer education in the primary care setting ; overall the program was well received ; participants averaged @ minutes to complete it .", "participants sought no help from attending data collectors and navigated the revised touch screen program with ease .", "computer-based education is feasible in primary care clinics ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['increasing colorectal cancer screening ( crcs ) can have a substantial positive impact on morbidity and mortality .', 'the purpose of this report is to describe the development and feasibility testing of a computer-based , theory-guided educational program designed to increase crcs .', 'this mixed-methods study used focus groups and subsequent randomized controlled trial design .', 'participants ( n = @ ) were randomized to an intervention or control group ; @ % were african american ; mean age was @ ( sd = @ ) ; @ % were male .', 'previously validated measures on knowledge , beliefs , and screening test adherence were used to establish pre - and post-intervention perceptions .', \"feasibility was measured by response and completion rates , and participants ' perceptions of the program .\", 'before feasibility testing , the program was presented to @ focus groups .', 'changes were made to the program based on discussion , leading to a visually appealing , easy to understand and navigate , self-paced program .', \"in the rct pilot test that followed , of the participants in the intervention group , @ % said the education helped them decide to get crcs ; @ % agreed it helped them overcome barriers ; @ % agreed it was useful , @ % thought it raised new concerns about cancer , but only @ % said it made them worry about crc ; @ % agreed their doctor 's office should continue giving such education , and @ % said they would inform family about the program .\", 'the response rate of @ % demonstrated feasibility of conducting colorectal cancer education in the primary care setting ; overall the program was well received ; participants averaged @ minutes to complete it .', 'participants sought no help from attending data collectors and navigated the revised touch screen program with ease .', 'computer-based education is feasible in primary care clinics .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the effect of volatile anesthetics on cerebral blood flow depends on the balance between the agent 's direct vasodilatory action and the indirect vasoconstrictive action mediated by flow-metabolism coupling .", "to compare the intrinsic action of volatile anesthetics , the effect of halothane , isoflurane , and desflurane on flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery during propofol-induced isoelectricity of the electroencephalogram was examined .", "in @ asa physical status @-@ patients , anesthesia was induced with @ mg/kg propofol , @ micrograms/kg fentanyl , and @ mg/kg vecuronium and maintained with a propofol infusion to preserve an isoelectric electroencephalogram .", "end-tidal carbon dioxide and blood pressure were maintained constant throughout the study period .", "a transcranial doppler was used to measure blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery , and a catheter was inserted in a retrograde direction into the jugular bulb for oxygen saturation measurements .", "after @ min of isoelectric electroencephalogram , arterial and jugular venous blood samples were drawn , and flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery was recorded .", "patients were randomly allocated to receive @ mac halothane , isoflurane , or desflurane , and after @ min of equilibration , all variables were measured again .", "the concentration of the volatile agent was increased to @ mac , and after @ min of equilibration , the measurements were repeated .", "halothane , isoflurane , and desflurane significantly increased flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery ( baseline @ + / - @ , @ + / - @ , and @ + / - @ cm/s , respectively ) at @ mac ( @ + / - @ % , @ + / - @ % , and @ + / - @ % , respectively ; p < @ ) and at @ mac ( @ + / - @ % , @ + / - @ % , and @ + / - @ % , respectively ; p < @ ) .", "changes in the cerebral arteriovenous oxygen content difference are consistent with these findings .", "halothane , isoflurane , and desflurane have intrinsic , dose-related cerebral vasodilatory effects .", "whereas all three agents are similar at @ mac , isoflurane and desflurane have greater vasodilatory effects than halothane at @ mac ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: [\"the effect of volatile anesthetics on cerebral blood flow depends on the balance between the agent 's direct vasodilatory action and the indirect vasoconstrictive action mediated by flow-metabolism coupling .\", 'to compare the intrinsic action of volatile anesthetics , the effect of halothane , isoflurane , and desflurane on flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery during propofol-induced isoelectricity of the electroencephalogram was examined .', 'in @ asa physical status @-@ patients , anesthesia was induced with @ mg/kg propofol , @ micrograms/kg fentanyl , and @ mg/kg vecuronium and maintained with a propofol infusion to preserve an isoelectric electroencephalogram .', 'end-tidal carbon dioxide and blood pressure were maintained constant throughout the study period .', 'a transcranial doppler was used to measure blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery , and a catheter was inserted in a retrograde direction into the jugular bulb for oxygen saturation measurements .', 'after @ min of isoelectric electroencephalogram , arterial and jugular venous blood samples were drawn , and flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery was recorded .', 'patients were randomly allocated to receive @ mac halothane , isoflurane , or desflurane , and after @ min of equilibration , all variables were measured again .', 'the concentration of the volatile agent was increased to @ mac , and after @ min of equilibration , the measurements were repeated .', 'halothane , isoflurane , and desflurane significantly increased flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery ( baseline @ + / - @ , @ + / - @ , and @ + / - @ cm/s , respectively ) at @ mac ( @ + / - @ % , @ + / - @ % , and @ + / - @ % , respectively ; p < @ ) and at @ mac ( @ + / - @ % , @ + / - @ % , and @ + / - @ % , respectively ; p < @ ) .', 'changes in the cerebral arteriovenous oxygen content difference are consistent with these findings .', 'halothane , isoflurane , and desflurane have intrinsic , dose-related cerebral vasodilatory effects .', 'whereas all three agents are similar at @ mac , isoflurane and desflurane have greater vasodilatory effects than halothane at @ mac .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "ambroxol induces the synthesis of surfactant in lung alveolar type ii cells .", "some studies have shown its effectiveness for the prevention of respiratory distress syndrome ( rds ) in preterm infants .", "this study aimed to compare the efficacy of two different ways of ambroxol administration , ie , intravenous injection and atomizing inhalation , for the prevention of rds in preterm infants .", "a total of @ preterm infants born between @-@ weeks of gestation were randomly assigned into three groups : intravenous and atomizing ambroxol treatment groups ( n = @ each ) or control group ( n = @ ) .", "the intravenous group was injected with @ mg/kg of ambroxol through the umbilical vein immediately after birth and then received @ mg/kg of ambroxol daily for @ days by intravenous drip .", "the atomizing group was administered with @ mg/kg of ambroxol daily for @ days by atomizing inhalation immediately after birth .", "the control group received no ambroxol treatment .", "the incidences of rds and complications as well as the blood gas results @ hrs after birth were compared among the three groups .", "the incidence of rds was @ % , @ % and @ % in the intravenous , atomizing and control groups respectively .", "there were no significant differences in the incidence of rds between the two ambroxol treatment groups .", "however , the incidence of rds in the two treatment groups were noticeably lower than in the control group ( p < @ ) .", "the blood gas results did not show significant differences between the two ambroxol treatment groups but both groups demonstrated improved blood gas results compared with the control group at @ hrs after birth ( p < @ ) .", "the incidence of complications , such as pulmonary hemorrhage , respiratory failure , intraranial hemorrhage , in the two ambroxol treatment groups was reduced compared with the control group ( p < @ ) , but there were no differences between the two ambroxol groups .", "early administration of either intravenous or atomizing ambroxol can produce a positive efficacy for the prevention of rds in preterm infants .", "the two different ways of administration seem to result in a similar efficacy in the prevention of rds ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['ambroxol induces the synthesis of surfactant in lung alveolar type ii cells .', 'some studies have shown its effectiveness for the prevention of respiratory distress syndrome ( rds ) in preterm infants .', 'this study aimed to compare the efficacy of two different ways of ambroxol administration , ie , intravenous injection and atomizing inhalation , for the prevention of rds in preterm infants .', 'a total of @ preterm infants born between @-@ weeks of gestation were randomly assigned into three groups : intravenous and atomizing ambroxol treatment groups ( n = @ each ) or control group ( n = @ ) .', 'the intravenous group was injected with @ mg/kg of ambroxol through the umbilical vein immediately after birth and then received @ mg/kg of ambroxol daily for @ days by intravenous drip .', 'the atomizing group was administered with @ mg/kg of ambroxol daily for @ days by atomizing inhalation immediately after birth .', 'the control group received no ambroxol treatment .', 'the incidences of rds and complications as well as the blood gas results @ hrs after birth were compared among the three groups .', 'the incidence of rds was @ % , @ % and @ % in the intravenous , atomizing and control groups respectively .', 'there were no significant differences in the incidence of rds between the two ambroxol treatment groups .', 'however , the incidence of rds in the two treatment groups were noticeably lower than in the control group ( p < @ ) .', 'the blood gas results did not show significant differences between the two ambroxol treatment groups but both groups demonstrated improved blood gas results compared with the control group at @ hrs after birth ( p < @ ) .', 'the incidence of complications , such as pulmonary hemorrhage , respiratory failure , intraranial hemorrhage , in the two ambroxol treatment groups was reduced compared with the control group ( p < @ ) , but there were no differences between the two ambroxol groups .', 'early administration of either intravenous or atomizing ambroxol can produce a positive efficacy for the prevention of rds in preterm infants .', 'the two different ways of administration seem to result in a similar efficacy in the prevention of rds .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to investigate the seasonal variations in myopia progression and axial elongation in japanese children .", "ninety-two children who were enrolled in a myopia-control trial and wearing single vision or progressive addition lenses were included in the analyses ( mean sd age @ @ years , mean spherical equivalent refractive error -@ @ d ) .", "refractive error and axial length were measured every @ months for @ years by non-cycloplegic autorefraction and partial coherence interferometer , respectively .", "myopia progression and axial elongation for each @-month interval were calculated by subtracting the measure at the end of the interval from that at the beginning .", "seasons were classified as summer , winter or others , based on mid-day of the @-month period between visits .", "myopia progression was not significantly influenced by the season .", "after adjusting study groups ( type of spectacles ) , years and age at the baseline , the mean ( se ) myopia progression was @ @ d for summer , @ @ d for winter and @ @ d for the others .", "in contrast , axial elongation was significantly influenced by the season , and the mean axial elongation was @ @ mm for summer , @ @ mm for winter and @ @ mm for the others .", "the seasonal variation in axial elongation , however , was smaller than that previously reported overseas .", "in japanese children myopia progression did not slow in summer .", "although axial elongation slightly decreased in summer , myopia progression seems to be fairly stable throughout the year ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to investigate the seasonal variations in myopia progression and axial elongation in japanese children .', 'ninety-two children who were enrolled in a myopia-control trial and wearing single vision or progressive addition lenses were included in the analyses ( mean sd age @ @ years , mean spherical equivalent refractive error -@ @ d ) .', 'refractive error and axial length were measured every @ months for @ years by non-cycloplegic autorefraction and partial coherence interferometer , respectively .', 'myopia progression and axial elongation for each @-month interval were calculated by subtracting the measure at the end of the interval from that at the beginning .', 'seasons were classified as summer , winter or others , based on mid-day of the @-month period between visits .', 'myopia progression was not significantly influenced by the season .', 'after adjusting study groups ( type of spectacles ) , years and age at the baseline , the mean ( se ) myopia progression was @ @ d for summer , @ @ d for winter and @ @ d for the others .', 'in contrast , axial elongation was significantly influenced by the season , and the mean axial elongation was @ @ mm for summer , @ @ mm for winter and @ @ mm for the others .', 'the seasonal variation in axial elongation , however , was smaller than that previously reported overseas .', 'in japanese children myopia progression did not slow in summer .', 'although axial elongation slightly decreased in summer , myopia progression seems to be fairly stable throughout the year .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to study whether lifestyle intervention can reduce the development of type ii diabetes mellitus ( dm ) and metabolic syndrome ( ms ) among chinese women who had gestational diabetes mellitus ( gdm ) .", "a prospective randomized controlled interventional trial of @ women who had gdm and impaired glucose tolerance ( igt ) postpartum .", "advice on diet and exercise was given to the intervention group and reinforced in each follow-up visit .", "women in both arms were followed for @months .", "blood pressure and anthropometry were measured at each visit and blood tests were repeated .", "fewer women in the intervention group developed dm ( @ versus @ % ) but this was not statistically significant , and there was a lower incidence of dm among women over @years old .", "no difference was found in fasting glucose , insulin and homeostasis model assessment ( homa ) index .", "both systolic and diastolic blood pressures , and triglyceride level , were lower but the significance was inconsistent among visits .", "bmi and percentage body fat were also significantly lower in the later visits .", "there was no difference in waist-hip ratio and basal metabolic rate .", "our results demonstrate a trend towards lower incidence of type ii dm within @years postpartum in gdm women given lifestyle advice , which also potentially offers protection against development of ms , in terms of lower blood pressure and triglyceride level .", "women over @years old are more likely to benefit .", "future studies should address ways to maximize compliance to lifestyle intervention as its potential benefits can be undermined by challenges of motherhood ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to study whether lifestyle intervention can reduce the development of type ii diabetes mellitus ( dm ) and metabolic syndrome ( ms ) among chinese women who had gestational diabetes mellitus ( gdm ) .', 'a prospective randomized controlled interventional trial of @ women who had gdm and impaired glucose tolerance ( igt ) postpartum .', 'advice on diet and exercise was given to the intervention group and reinforced in each follow-up visit .', 'women in both arms were followed for @months .', 'blood pressure and anthropometry were measured at each visit and blood tests were repeated .', 'fewer women in the intervention group developed dm ( @ versus @ % ) but this was not statistically significant , and there was a lower incidence of dm among women over @years old .', 'no difference was found in fasting glucose , insulin and homeostasis model assessment ( homa ) index .', 'both systolic and diastolic blood pressures , and triglyceride level , were lower but the significance was inconsistent among visits .', 'bmi and percentage body fat were also significantly lower in the later visits .', 'there was no difference in waist-hip ratio and basal metabolic rate .', 'our results demonstrate a trend towards lower incidence of type ii dm within @years postpartum in gdm women given lifestyle advice , which also potentially offers protection against development of ms , in terms of lower blood pressure and triglyceride level .', 'women over @years old are more likely to benefit .', 'future studies should address ways to maximize compliance to lifestyle intervention as its potential benefits can be undermined by challenges of motherhood .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "iopromide is a new nonionic monomeric contrast medium for cerebral arteriography .", "this agent has been approved for sale in over @ countries ; however , it is still undergoing clinical review in the united states .", "this study evaluated the safety and efficacy of iopromide in comparison with two other nonionic contrast media .", "a total of @ patients participated in the study , which was prospective , double-blind , and randomized .", "in two centers , patients received iopromide or iohexol ; in the other three centers , patients received iopromide or iopamidol .", "adverse events were monitored by investigators , and efficacy was evaluated by grading the radiographic images .", "most adverse events were mild or moderate in severity ; all resolved completely .", "twenty-one percent of patients given iopromide were reported to have a drug-related adverse event , versus @ % of patients given a comparator .", "no statistically significant difference emerged between iopromide and the comparators with regard to efficacy .", "these study results indicate that iopromide is a safe and effective contrast medium for cerebral angiography ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['iopromide is a new nonionic monomeric contrast medium for cerebral arteriography .', 'this agent has been approved for sale in over @ countries ; however , it is still undergoing clinical review in the united states .', 'this study evaluated the safety and efficacy of iopromide in comparison with two other nonionic contrast media .', 'a total of @ patients participated in the study , which was prospective , double-blind , and randomized .', 'in two centers , patients received iopromide or iohexol ; in the other three centers , patients received iopromide or iopamidol .', 'adverse events were monitored by investigators , and efficacy was evaluated by grading the radiographic images .', 'most adverse events were mild or moderate in severity ; all resolved completely .', 'twenty-one percent of patients given iopromide were reported to have a drug-related adverse event , versus @ % of patients given a comparator .', 'no statistically significant difference emerged between iopromide and the comparators with regard to efficacy .', 'these study results indicate that iopromide is a safe and effective contrast medium for cerebral angiography .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare high and low starting dose of oxytocin infusion for effectiveness and safety in augmentation of labour in nulliparous women .", "an open randomised controlled clinical trial .", "harare maternity hospital , zimbabwe .", "@ nulliparous women , with spontaneous onset of labour , who required augmentation .", "duration of augmentation , mode of delivery , maternal and neonatal complications .", "women were randomly allocated to either low dose ( starting at @ miu/minute ) or high dose ( starting at @ miu/minute ) oxytocin group .", "of the @ women enrolled , @ were randomized to the low and @ to the high starting oxytocin dose groups .", "the groups were comparable for maternal and gestational age .", "there was no difference in mean cervical dilatation before augmentation of labour ; six cm in both groups ( p = @ ) .", "the mean augmentation to delivery interval was shorter in the high dose group , @ versus @ minutes ( p < @ ) .", "there was no difference in the mode of delivery and fetal outcome in terms of birthweight , five minute apgar score , admission to neonatal unit and perinatal death .", "a high starting dose of oxytocin infusion is as safe but more effective for augmentation of labour in nulliparous women , compared to a low starting dose ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to compare high and low starting dose of oxytocin infusion for effectiveness and safety in augmentation of labour in nulliparous women .', 'an open randomised controlled clinical trial .', 'harare maternity hospital , zimbabwe .', '@ nulliparous women , with spontaneous onset of labour , who required augmentation .', 'duration of augmentation , mode of delivery , maternal and neonatal complications .', 'women were randomly allocated to either low dose ( starting at @ miu/minute ) or high dose ( starting at @ miu/minute ) oxytocin group .', 'of the @ women enrolled , @ were randomized to the low and @ to the high starting oxytocin dose groups .', 'the groups were comparable for maternal and gestational age .', 'there was no difference in mean cervical dilatation before augmentation of labour ; six cm in both groups ( p = @ ) .', 'the mean augmentation to delivery interval was shorter in the high dose group , @ versus @ minutes ( p < @ ) .', 'there was no difference in the mode of delivery and fetal outcome in terms of birthweight , five minute apgar score , admission to neonatal unit and perinatal death .', 'a high starting dose of oxytocin infusion is as safe but more effective for augmentation of labour in nulliparous women , compared to a low starting dose .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate the efficacy of continuous infusion of nefopam .", "indeed this analgesic is commonly used by continuous infusion by many anaesthetists to reduce its adverse effects .", "however whether the analgesic effect of an intermittent administration of nefopam has been proven , the efficacy of continuous infusion has not been established .", "double-blind placebo controlled prospective randomised study .", "sixty patients asa @ to @ undergoing planned urological surgery with laparotomy were included .", "at the end of surgery , bolus doses of placebo ( group @ ) or nefopam @ mg ( group @ and @ ) were administered to all the patients .", "placebo ( group @ ) , nefopam @ mg ( group @ ) or @ mg ( group @ ) was thereafter continuously infused over @ hours .", "all patients received additional analgesia with pca morphine .", "we measured pain at rest and on cough with vas .", "adverse side effects such as nausea and vomiting , sedation and respiratory depression were evaluated .", "mental performance was measured with mini mental status tests .", "patients were older in the placebo group by approximately six years but anesthetic and surgical variables were not different between groups .", "pain at rest and on cough was not statistically different between groups .", "in the placebo group , the median ( interquartile range ) morphine consumption reached @ mg ( @-@ ) whereas in patients receiving @ and @ mg nefopam , it levelled to @ mg ( @-@ ) and @ mg ( @-@ ) respectively ( p > @ ) .", "patients needed morphine during the same time period whether they received nefopam or not .", "patients suffering from adverse effects were similar between groups .", "in this study , continuous administration of nefopam did not reduce morphine consumption nor ameliorate analgesia and thus may not be recommended in urological surgery .", "nefopam pharmacokinetics when used with continuous infusion as well as surgery types and differences in age between groups may explain these results ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['to evaluate the efficacy of continuous infusion of nefopam .', 'indeed this analgesic is commonly used by continuous infusion by many anaesthetists to reduce its adverse effects .', 'however whether the analgesic effect of an intermittent administration of nefopam has been proven , the efficacy of continuous infusion has not been established .', 'double-blind placebo controlled prospective randomised study .', 'sixty patients asa @ to @ undergoing planned urological surgery with laparotomy were included .', 'at the end of surgery , bolus doses of placebo ( group @ ) or nefopam @ mg ( group @ and @ ) were administered to all the patients .', 'placebo ( group @ ) , nefopam @ mg ( group @ ) or @ mg ( group @ ) was thereafter continuously infused over @ hours .', 'all patients received additional analgesia with pca morphine .', 'we measured pain at rest and on cough with vas .', 'adverse side effects such as nausea and vomiting , sedation and respiratory depression were evaluated .', 'mental performance was measured with mini mental status tests .', 'patients were older in the placebo group by approximately six years but anesthetic and surgical variables were not different between groups .', 'pain at rest and on cough was not statistically different between groups .', 'in the placebo group , the median ( interquartile range ) morphine consumption reached @ mg ( @-@ ) whereas in patients receiving @ and @ mg nefopam , it levelled to @ mg ( @-@ ) and @ mg ( @-@ ) respectively ( p > @ ) .', 'patients needed morphine during the same time period whether they received nefopam or not .', 'patients suffering from adverse effects were similar between groups .', 'in this study , continuous administration of nefopam did not reduce morphine consumption nor ameliorate analgesia and thus may not be recommended in urological surgery .', 'nefopam pharmacokinetics when used with continuous infusion as well as surgery types and differences in age between groups may explain these results .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'CONCLUSIONS']" } ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "the prevalence of social-emotional and behavioral problems is estimated to be @ to @ % among preschool children .", "effective early detection tools are needed to promote the provision of adequate care at an early stage .", "the brief infant-toddler social and emotional assessment ( bitsea ) was developed for this purpose .", "this study evaluates the effectiveness of the bitsea to enhance social-emotional and behavioral health of preschool children .", "a cluster randomized controlled trial is set up in youth health care centers in the larger rotterdam area in the netherlands , to evaluate the bitsea .", "the @ youth health care centers are randomly allocated to either the control group or the intervention group .", "the intervention group uses the scores on the bitsea and cut-off points to evaluate a child 's social-emotional and behavioral health and to decide whether or not the child should be referred .", "the control group provides care as usual , which involves administering a questionnaire that structures the conversation between child health professionals and parents .", "at a one year follow-up measurement the social-emotional and behavioral health of all children included in the study population will be evaluated .", "it is hypothesized that better results will be found , in terms of social-emotional and behavioral health in the intervention group , compared to the control group , due to more adequate early detection , referral and more appropriate and timely care .", "current controlled trials ntr@ ." ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Text: ['the prevalence of social-emotional and behavioral problems is estimated to be @ to @ % among preschool children .', 'effective early detection tools are needed to promote the provision of adequate care at an early stage .', 'the brief infant-toddler social and emotional assessment ( bitsea ) was developed for this purpose .', 'this study evaluates the effectiveness of the bitsea to enhance social-emotional and behavioral health of preschool children .', 'a cluster randomized controlled trial is set up in youth health care centers in the larger rotterdam area in the netherlands , to evaluate the bitsea .', 'the @ youth health care centers are randomly allocated to either the control group or the intervention group .', \"the intervention group uses the scores on the bitsea and cut-off points to evaluate a child 's social-emotional and behavioral health and to decide whether or not the child should be referred .\", 'the control group provides care as usual , which involves administering a questionnaire that structures the conversation between child health professionals and parents .', 'at a one year follow-up measurement the social-emotional and behavioral health of all children included in the study population will be evaluated .', 'it is hypothesized that better results will be found , in terms of social-emotional and behavioral health in the intervention group , compared to the control group , due to more adequate early detection , referral and more appropriate and timely care .', 'current controlled trials ntr@ .']" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Target: ['BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'CONCLUSIONS', 'BACKGROUND']" } ]