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description: >-
  Discover efficient, flexible, and customizable multi-object tracking with
  Ultralytics YOLO. Learn to track real-time video streams with ease.
keywords: >-
  multi-object tracking, Ultralytics YOLO, video analytics, real-time tracking,
  object detection, AI, machine learning

Multi-Object Tracking with Ultralytics YOLO

Multi-object tracking examples

Object tracking in the realm of video analytics is a critical task that not only identifies the location and class of objects within the frame but also maintains a unique ID for each detected object as the video progresses. The applications are limitless—ranging from surveillance and security to real-time sports analytics.

Why Choose Ultralytics YOLO for Object Tracking?

The output from Ultralytics trackers is consistent with standard object detection but has the added value of object IDs. This makes it easy to track objects in video streams and perform subsequent analytics. Here's why you should consider using Ultralytics YOLO for your object tracking needs:

  • Efficiency: Process video streams in real-time without compromising accuracy.
  • Flexibility: Supports multiple tracking algorithms and configurations.
  • Ease of Use: Simple Python API and CLI options for quick integration and deployment.
  • Customizability: Easy to use with custom trained YOLO models, allowing integration into domain-specific applications.



Watch: Object Detection and Tracking with Ultralytics YOLO.

Real-world Applications

Transportation Retail Aquaculture
Vehicle Tracking People Tracking Fish Tracking
Vehicle Tracking People Tracking Fish Tracking

Features at a Glance

Ultralytics YOLO extends its object detection features to provide robust and versatile object tracking:

  • Real-Time Tracking: Seamlessly track objects in high-frame-rate videos.
  • Multiple Tracker Support: Choose from a variety of established tracking algorithms.
  • Customizable Tracker Configurations: Tailor the tracking algorithm to meet specific requirements by adjusting various parameters.

Available Trackers

Ultralytics YOLO supports the following tracking algorithms. They can be enabled by passing the relevant YAML configuration file such as tracker=tracker_type.yaml:

  • BoT-SORT - Use botsort.yaml to enable this tracker.
  • ByteTrack - Use bytetrack.yaml to enable this tracker.

The default tracker is BoT-SORT.

Tracking

!!! warning "Tracker Threshold Information"

If object confidence score will be low, i.e lower than [`track_high_thresh`](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/cfg/trackers/bytetrack.yaml#L5), then there will be no tracks successfully returned and updated.

To run the tracker on video streams, use a trained Detect, Segment or Pose model such as YOLO11n, YOLO11n-seg and YOLO11n-pose.

!!! example

=== "Python"

    ```python
    from ultralytics import YOLO

    # Load an official or custom model
    model = YOLO("yolo11n.pt")  # Load an official Detect model
    model = YOLO("yolo11n-seg.pt")  # Load an official Segment model
    model = YOLO("yolo11n-pose.pt")  # Load an official Pose model
    model = YOLO("path/to/best.pt")  # Load a custom trained model

    # Perform tracking with the model
    results = model.track("https://youtu.be/LNwODJXcvt4", show=True)  # Tracking with default tracker
    results = model.track("https://youtu.be/LNwODJXcvt4", show=True, tracker="bytetrack.yaml")  # with ByteTrack
    ```

=== "CLI"

    ```bash
    # Perform tracking with various models using the command line interface
    yolo track model=yolo11n.pt source="https://youtu.be/LNwODJXcvt4"  # Official Detect model
    yolo track model=yolo11n-seg.pt source="https://youtu.be/LNwODJXcvt4"  # Official Segment model
    yolo track model=yolo11n-pose.pt source="https://youtu.be/LNwODJXcvt4"  # Official Pose model
    yolo track model=path/to/best.pt source="https://youtu.be/LNwODJXcvt4"  # Custom trained model

    # Track using ByteTrack tracker
    yolo track model=path/to/best.pt tracker="bytetrack.yaml"
    ```

As can be seen in the above usage, tracking is available for all Detect, Segment and Pose models run on videos or streaming sources.

Configuration

!!! warning "Tracker Threshold Information"

If object confidence score will be low, i.e lower than [`track_high_thresh`](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/blob/main/ultralytics/cfg/trackers/bytetrack.yaml#L5), then there will be no tracks successfully returned and updated.

Tracking Arguments

Tracking configuration shares properties with Predict mode, such as conf, iou, and show. For further configurations, refer to the Predict model page.

!!! example

=== "Python"

    ```python
    from ultralytics import YOLO

    # Configure the tracking parameters and run the tracker
    model = YOLO("yolo11n.pt")
    results = model.track(source="https://youtu.be/LNwODJXcvt4", conf=0.3, iou=0.5, show=True)
    ```

=== "CLI"

    ```bash
    # Configure tracking parameters and run the tracker using the command line interface
    yolo track model=yolo11n.pt source="https://youtu.be/LNwODJXcvt4" conf=0.3, iou=0.5 show
    ```

Tracker Selection

Ultralytics also allows you to use a modified tracker configuration file. To do this, simply make a copy of a tracker config file (for example, custom_tracker.yaml) from ultralytics/cfg/trackers and modify any configurations (except the tracker_type) as per your needs.

!!! example

=== "Python"

    ```python
    from ultralytics import YOLO

    # Load the model and run the tracker with a custom configuration file
    model = YOLO("yolo11n.pt")
    results = model.track(source="https://youtu.be/LNwODJXcvt4", tracker="custom_tracker.yaml")
    ```

=== "CLI"

    ```bash
    # Load the model and run the tracker with a custom configuration file using the command line interface
    yolo track model=yolo11n.pt source="https://youtu.be/LNwODJXcvt4" tracker='custom_tracker.yaml'
    ```

For a comprehensive list of tracking arguments, refer to the ultralytics/cfg/trackers page.

Python Examples

Persisting Tracks Loop

Here is a Python script using OpenCV (cv2) and YOLO11 to run object tracking on video frames. This script still assumes you have already installed the necessary packages (opencv-python and ultralytics). The persist=True argument tells the tracker that the current image or frame is the next in a sequence and to expect tracks from the previous image in the current image.

!!! example "Streaming for-loop with tracking"

```python
import cv2

from ultralytics import YOLO

# Load the YOLO11 model
model = YOLO("yolo11n.pt")

# Open the video file
video_path = "path/to/video.mp4"
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(video_path)

# Loop through the video frames
while cap.isOpened():
    # Read a frame from the video
    success, frame = cap.read()

    if success:
        # Run YOLO11 tracking on the frame, persisting tracks between frames
        results = model.track(frame, persist=True)

        # Visualize the results on the frame
        annotated_frame = results[0].plot()

        # Display the annotated frame
        cv2.imshow("YOLO11 Tracking", annotated_frame)

        # Break the loop if 'q' is pressed
        if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord("q"):
            break
    else:
        # Break the loop if the end of the video is reached
        break

# Release the video capture object and close the display window
cap.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
```

Please note the change from model(frame) to model.track(frame), which enables object tracking instead of simple detection. This modified script will run the tracker on each frame of the video, visualize the results, and display them in a window. The loop can be exited by pressing 'q'.

Plotting Tracks Over Time

Visualizing object tracks over consecutive frames can provide valuable insights into the movement patterns and behavior of detected objects within a video. With Ultralytics YOLO11, plotting these tracks is a seamless and efficient process.

In the following example, we demonstrate how to utilize YOLO11's tracking capabilities to plot the movement of detected objects across multiple video frames. This script involves opening a video file, reading it frame by frame, and utilizing the YOLO model to identify and track various objects. By retaining the center points of the detected bounding boxes and connecting them, we can draw lines that represent the paths followed by the tracked objects.

!!! example "Plotting tracks over multiple video frames"

```python
from collections import defaultdict

import cv2
import numpy as np

from ultralytics import YOLO

# Load the YOLO11 model
model = YOLO("yolo11n.pt")

# Open the video file
video_path = "path/to/video.mp4"
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(video_path)

# Store the track history
track_history = defaultdict(lambda: [])

# Loop through the video frames
while cap.isOpened():
    # Read a frame from the video
    success, frame = cap.read()

    if success:
        # Run YOLO11 tracking on the frame, persisting tracks between frames
        results = model.track(frame, persist=True)

        # Get the boxes and track IDs
        boxes = results[0].boxes.xywh.cpu()
        track_ids = results[0].boxes.id.int().cpu().tolist()

        # Visualize the results on the frame
        annotated_frame = results[0].plot()

        # Plot the tracks
        for box, track_id in zip(boxes, track_ids):
            x, y, w, h = box
            track = track_history[track_id]
            track.append((float(x), float(y)))  # x, y center point
            if len(track) > 30:  # retain 90 tracks for 90 frames
                track.pop(0)

            # Draw the tracking lines
            points = np.hstack(track).astype(np.int32).reshape((-1, 1, 2))
            cv2.polylines(annotated_frame, [points], isClosed=False, color=(230, 230, 230), thickness=10)

        # Display the annotated frame
        cv2.imshow("YOLO11 Tracking", annotated_frame)

        # Break the loop if 'q' is pressed
        if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord("q"):
            break
    else:
        # Break the loop if the end of the video is reached
        break

# Release the video capture object and close the display window
cap.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
```

Multithreaded Tracking

Multithreaded tracking provides the capability to run object tracking on multiple video streams simultaneously. This is particularly useful when handling multiple video inputs, such as from multiple surveillance cameras, where concurrent processing can greatly enhance efficiency and performance.

In the provided Python script, we make use of Python's threading module to run multiple instances of the tracker concurrently. Each thread is responsible for running the tracker on one video file, and all the threads run simultaneously in the background.

To ensure that each thread receives the correct parameters (the video file, the model to use and the file index), we define a function run_tracker_in_thread that accepts these parameters and contains the main tracking loop. This function reads the video frame by frame, runs the tracker, and displays the results.

Two different models are used in this example: yolo11n.pt and yolo11n-seg.pt, each tracking objects in a different video file. The video files are specified in video_file1 and video_file2.

The daemon=True parameter in threading.Thread means that these threads will be closed as soon as the main program finishes. We then start the threads with start() and use join() to make the main thread wait until both tracker threads have finished.

Finally, after all threads have completed their task, the windows displaying the results are closed using cv2.destroyAllWindows().

!!! example "Streaming for-loop with tracking"

```python
import threading

import cv2

from ultralytics import YOLO

# Define model names and video sources
MODEL_NAMES = ["yolo11n.pt", "yolo11n-seg.pt"]
SOURCES = ["path/to/video.mp4", "0"]  # local video, 0 for webcam


def run_tracker_in_thread(model_name, filename):
    """
    Run YOLO tracker in its own thread for concurrent processing.

    Args:
        model_name (str): The YOLO11 model object.
        filename (str): The path to the video file or the identifier for the webcam/external camera source.
    """
    model = YOLO(model_name)
    results = model.track(filename, save=True, stream=True)
    for r in results:
        pass


# Create and start tracker threads using a for loop
tracker_threads = []
for video_file, model_name in zip(SOURCES, MODEL_NAMES):
    thread = threading.Thread(target=run_tracker_in_thread, args=(model_name, video_file), daemon=True)
    tracker_threads.append(thread)
    thread.start()

# Wait for all tracker threads to finish
for thread in tracker_threads:
    thread.join()

# Clean up and close windows
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
```

This example can easily be extended to handle more video files and models by creating more threads and applying the same methodology.

Contribute New Trackers

Are you proficient in multi-object tracking and have successfully implemented or adapted a tracking algorithm with Ultralytics YOLO? We invite you to contribute to our Trackers section in ultralytics/cfg/trackers! Your real-world applications and solutions could be invaluable for users working on tracking tasks.

By contributing to this section, you help expand the scope of tracking solutions available within the Ultralytics YOLO framework, adding another layer of functionality and utility for the community.

To initiate your contribution, please refer to our Contributing Guide for comprehensive instructions on submitting a Pull Request (PR) 🛠️. We are excited to see what you bring to the table!

Together, let's enhance the tracking capabilities of the Ultralytics YOLO ecosystem 🙏!

FAQ

What is Multi-Object Tracking and how does Ultralytics YOLO support it?

Multi-object tracking in video analytics involves both identifying objects and maintaining a unique ID for each detected object across video frames. Ultralytics YOLO supports this by providing real-time tracking along with object IDs, facilitating tasks such as security surveillance and sports analytics. The system uses trackers like BoT-SORT and ByteTrack, which can be configured via YAML files.

How do I configure a custom tracker for Ultralytics YOLO?

You can configure a custom tracker by copying an existing tracker configuration file (e.g., custom_tracker.yaml) from the Ultralytics tracker configuration directory and modifying parameters as needed, except for the tracker_type. Use this file in your tracking model like so:

!!! example

=== "Python"

    ```python
    from ultralytics import YOLO

    model = YOLO("yolo11n.pt")
    results = model.track(source="https://youtu.be/LNwODJXcvt4", tracker="custom_tracker.yaml")
    ```

=== "CLI"

    ```bash
    yolo track model=yolo11n.pt source="https://youtu.be/LNwODJXcvt4" tracker='custom_tracker.yaml'
    ```

How can I run object tracking on multiple video streams simultaneously?

To run object tracking on multiple video streams simultaneously, you can use Python's threading module. Each thread will handle a separate video stream. Here's an example of how you can set this up:

!!! example "Multithreaded Tracking"

```python
import threading

import cv2

from ultralytics import YOLO

# Define model names and video sources
MODEL_NAMES = ["yolo11n.pt", "yolo11n-seg.pt"]
SOURCES = ["path/to/video.mp4", "0"]  # local video, 0 for webcam


def run_tracker_in_thread(model_name, filename):
    """
    Run YOLO tracker in its own thread for concurrent processing.

    Args:
        model_name (str): The YOLO11 model object.
        filename (str): The path to the video file or the identifier for the webcam/external camera source.
    """
    model = YOLO(model_name)
    results = model.track(filename, save=True, stream=True)
    for r in results:
        pass


# Create and start tracker threads using a for loop
tracker_threads = []
for video_file, model_name in zip(SOURCES, MODEL_NAMES):
    thread = threading.Thread(target=run_tracker_in_thread, args=(model_name, video_file), daemon=True)
    tracker_threads.append(thread)
    thread.start()

# Wait for all tracker threads to finish
for thread in tracker_threads:
    thread.join()

# Clean up and close windows
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
```

What are the real-world applications of multi-object tracking with Ultralytics YOLO?

Multi-object tracking with Ultralytics YOLO has numerous applications, including:

  • Transportation: Vehicle tracking for traffic management and autonomous driving.
  • Retail: People tracking for in-store analytics and security.
  • Aquaculture: Fish tracking for monitoring aquatic environments.

These applications benefit from Ultralytics YOLO's ability to process high-frame-rate videos in real time.

How can I visualize object tracks over multiple video frames with Ultralytics YOLO?

To visualize object tracks over multiple video frames, you can use the YOLO model's tracking features along with OpenCV to draw the paths of detected objects. Here's an example script that demonstrates this:

!!! example "Plotting tracks over multiple video frames"

```python
from collections import defaultdict

import cv2
import numpy as np

from ultralytics import YOLO

model = YOLO("yolo11n.pt")
video_path = "path/to/video.mp4"
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(video_path)
track_history = defaultdict(lambda: [])

while cap.isOpened():
    success, frame = cap.read()
    if success:
        results = model.track(frame, persist=True)
        boxes = results[0].boxes.xywh.cpu()
        track_ids = results[0].boxes.id.int().cpu().tolist()
        annotated_frame = results[0].plot()
        for box, track_id in zip(boxes, track_ids):
            x, y, w, h = box
            track = track_history[track_id]
            track.append((float(x), float(y)))
            if len(track) > 30:
                track.pop(0)
            points = np.hstack(track).astype(np.int32).reshape((-1, 1, 2))
            cv2.polylines(annotated_frame, [points], isClosed=False, color=(230, 230, 230), thickness=10)
        cv2.imshow("YOLO11 Tracking", annotated_frame)
        if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord("q"):
            break
    else:
        break
cap.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
```

This script will plot the tracking lines showing the movement paths of the tracked objects over time.