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Physics | How does a crowd support the weight of someone stage diving? | [
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] | Because with enough people doing the same thing, you can easily lift someone off the ground with just your index finger (ever played 'light as a feather, stiff as a board?). It is simply the distribution of weight across many points of contact, making each point bear much less than the total weight. |
Technology | How exactly does a automatic weapon work? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n How exactly does a automatic weapon work?",
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] | When you shoot a gun, not all of the energy from the explosion gets transferred into the bullet. For ex, if you shoot a revolver, the kick will move your hands to a different position. Automatic weapons harness that mechanical energy using pistons, springs, and levers to cycles the gun completely. So basically you use a small part of the energy from the explosion to eject the spent casing, cycle the bolt, move a new cartridge into the chamber, and rearm the firing mechanism. |
Economics | Why is the US military low on money when it has more money than the next 8 countries combined? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n Why is the US military low on money when it has more money than the next 8 countries combined?",
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] | > How is this happening when the US military has more money devoted to it than pretty much everything else on the entire planet? The US military probably *does* more things than any other military on the planet. Most militaries have a hard time operating outside their own country for any amount of time and doing so is difficult and resource intensive. |
Chemistry | How does sunscreen help protect our skin? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n How does sunscreen help protect our skin?",
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] | The sun puts out visible light that we can see, it also puts out light we can't see called ultra Violet or UV light. Our skin absorbs the UV light which causes damage we can see and feel as sunburn and eventually cancer. Sun screen is a combination of ingredients including metals like zinc or titanium which reflect most of the light away from our skin instead of allowing it to be absorbed. And organic chemicals which absorb the UV light before it can get to our skin It's like a camouflage to hide our skin from the UV light. |
Mathematics | What does % chance of rain really mean? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n What does % chance of rain really mean?",
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] | > They’d be better off just saying 50% every day and always being right. Except that it doesn't rain 50% of the time, so I don't see how that would be right. Rain probabilities are derived from current weather data like wind, temperature, air pressure, humidity, dew point, and so on. Over a long period of time, those percentages should correlate with what is observed. |
Economics | how does the bond market work? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n how does the bond market work?",
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] | Say I sell you a bond for $100. It's a contract that says in exactly 5 years, bring the contract back to me and I will give you $150. Sounds like a good deal to you because that's more than what you would get investing your money in the bank so you take it. Then after a year, the bank's interest rate jumps up a bit. You think that if they stay that way, you could make more than $150 by putting $100 in the bank instead. You are allowed to sell that bond to someone else and they can then bring it back to me on the same date we agreed on and I'll give them the $150 instead. So you find someone to buy the bond and they are willing to give you $105 for it (they only have to wait 4 years to cash it in now). They hold onto it for a year and then the banks drop their interest rates a lot. Lower than they were 2 years ago. So you go and see the person that you sold the bond to and ask if you can buy it back. But now because you can't get much money in interest from the bank you still think it's worthwhile to pay $120 to buy the bond back. TL;DR a bond is kind of like a fixed rate investment which can be traded. |
Earth Science | how did a cloud form inside the garage with the dryer running? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n how did a cloud form inside the garage with the dryer running?",
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] | A cloud indoors is possible but you need PERFECT EXACT proportions of everything from temp, light, humidity and some other factors to be able to achieve it. It's been done before by some artist who took the time to create a cloud inside of a building(I believe it was a church) |
Earth Science | Why does the moon look like it is covered in asteroid craters, but Earth doesn’t? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n Why does the moon look like it is covered in asteroid craters, but Earth doesn’t?",
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] | A few reasons: 1. Plate tectonics. The Earth has plates that move, sink under each other, and re-emerge as lava elsewhere. The Moon has no tectonic activity. 2. Speaking of lava: volcanoes. The Moon doesn't have those, either. 3. Most importantly, erosion. The Earth has water and wind, which erode rock over time. There's no erosion on the Moon. 4. And let's not forget life. Plants and animals modify the landscape. |
Physics | Why can’t gravity be blocked or dampened? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n Why can’t gravity be blocked or dampened?",
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] | The other explanations here are not really getting at the heart of your question (which isn't any different for gravity - other forces do the same thing). Your error is in going "this is a solid object and nothing can go through it". But what you think of as "solid objects" are not completely impenetrable. As an everyday example, light has absolutely no trouble going through glass. [EDITED to clarify: this part is here to explain to OP how their idea of 'solid' is inaccurate. It's not directly about how forces can go through things] ~~'Solid' objects don't fill up all the space in the region they occupy (in fact, they're not even *close* to filling up all the available space). They seem solid on human scales because electrons repel one another, so once two atoms get even somewhat close, they're pushed apart by the repulsion of the electrons in each atom.~~ On an even more fundamental level, fields (like the electromagnetic field or, if you set aside some of the weirder aspects of relativity for a sec, the gravitational field) aren't different things from the physical objects around you. Objects are "made of" these fields, in the same way that a wave in the ocean is made of water. What we think of as a particle is just a place where these fields take on different values from other parts of the field, in the same way that a wave is just a place where the water is a little bit higher. And so your question becomes, roughly, "how can water travel through a wave?". If this seems strange, well, it is. There's a reason it took fifty years and some very surprising experiments for the most brilliant minds in physics to figure it out. |
Technology | How did graphic designers enlarge images before computers? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n How did graphic designers enlarge images before computers?",
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] | Grid enlargement, where boxes are drawn on a picture and the stuff in the boxes is drawn on bigger boxes so they match. Projector enlargement, where a really bright light shines through the picture onto a big space and a special piece of curved glass called a lens makes the picture look good enough to trace where the light shines. |
Economics | Why are China's economic policies considered a threat to the US? Isn't the US being benefited by trade with China? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n Why are China's economic policies considered a threat to the US? Isn't the US being benefited by trade with China?",
"role": "user"
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] | China for a while now has been intentionally devaluing their currency to make their products cheaper on the international market. This harms US companies as they cant compete when they are stuck using the much stronger dollar to make their products. If there were truly a free and open market currency(at least a stable one) wouldn't play a role in pricing. Attaching tariffs to Chinese goods is a way to balance out this deficit. Will it work? Maybe. In the short term this harms US consumers who can no longer get these goods as cheaply as before. If in the long term this leads to more open trade relations everyone will benefit. Historically though tariffs are probably a net loss. |
Biology | Why do animals in a particular ecological niche often look so similar even if they are completely unrelated? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n Why do animals in a particular ecological niche often look so similar even if they are completely unrelated?",
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] | This is a concept called "convergent evolution." Basically, if the pressures on one creature were such that flight was advantageous to survival in a particular environment, those same pressures could easily select for similar variations should they happen to randomly arise in another species. This is particularly true for those filing the same niche, as the pressures will be particularly similar. |
Biology | Why is it that the body's core being cold is fatal, but hands can be cold 24/7 and it's no problem? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n Why is it that the body's core being cold is fatal, but hands can be cold 24/7 and it's no problem?",
"role": "user"
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] | The reason you need to keep a constant core temperature is for enzymes to work properly in vital organs like your Brain, heart and liver, etc to make essential biochemical reactions work. A person's vital organs are located in the head and chest. It's the same reason that you can live without arms or legs, but you can't live without a head or chest. |
Biology | Is ECMO basically like dialysis for the heart? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n Is ECMO basically like dialysis for the heart?",
"role": "user"
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] | Similarities- They replace the function of an organ imperfectly to buy time for a permanent solution. Differences- Heart functions are needed constantly. Kidney functions can be left for a few days while still living a mostly normal life in between dialysis appointments. While I think it's commonly a mistake, dialysis can be performed indefinitely without seeking a transplant. Patients can survive for decades on dialysis, the longest ecmo patient is a less than two years and not getting an infection over that time is a minor miracle. So yes and no. |
Biology | When you touch really hot water, why does it feel cold? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n When you touch really hot water, why does it feel cold?",
"role": "user"
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] | Scientists aren't exactly sure. There are special nerves just under your skin called thermoreceptors which detect temperature. When activated, they send messages to the brain that say "this is hot," or "this is cold." For some reason, temperatures above 113 F sometimes fire off the "this is cold" response. It's most likely because the nerves are just freaking out from the extreme temperature and malfunctioning, but we can't say for sure yet. |
Other | Why do Americans have to pay for an ambulance if someone else called it for them? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n Why do Americans have to pay for an ambulance if someone else called it for them?",
"role": "user"
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] | If someone calls an ambulance for you and you don't need it then you won't be expected to pay anything. If the ambulance provides you with medical attention then you pay because you were provided with service. You couldn't possibly to expect the person who calls 911 to pay. If that was the case I would watch you die right in front of me before I would call for help. |
Other | Why is "mama" the same word with the same meaning in languages that have nothing to do with each other from Africa to Europe? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n Why is \"mama\" the same word with the same meaning in languages that have nothing to do with each other from Africa to Europe?",
"role": "user"
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] | Because "ma" is one of the easiest sounds to make, along with "da" and "pa". This means babies that are making random noises as they learn to talk will start out saying these sounds to get their parents' attention, and as a result people around the world took it as the words for parents. As for why "ma"-derived words almost universally mean mother and "da"/"pa"-derived words almost universally mean father, I don't know. |
Technology | Why are moving fan blades visible through a phones camera but not with the naked eye? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n Why are moving fan blades visible through a phones camera but not with the naked eye?",
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] | Disclaimer: I'm not an expert on the brain. However, as I understand it, our eyes don't work like cameras. Our brains take in a certain amount of light in a given period of time and process that (kind of like a long exposure). So when something moves really fast, our eyes pick up the whole trail, but our brains process it as one image, so you see a blur. Cameras, on the other hand, use a shutter to actually cut off an image. When you're taking a video at 60 fps, then the shutter physically closes 60 times in a second and you get 60 images. So, as long as your shutter is fast enough, the fan blades will hardly move when the sensors are exposed to light and you don't get blur. Basically, as I understand it, it comes from our brains doing more of a continuous processing, versus cameras which are much more discrete, but I would love someone to fact check me on that. |
Physics | why do gears multiply forces ? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n why do gears multiply forces ?",
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] | Gears (and levers) convert between force and distance. You can see this with [pulleys]( URL_0 ), which function just like gears. If you want to lift 1 ton, to about 1 meter height (to load it in a car), you can use a pulley system and apply 50 N (kg) of force, but you have to pull a long distance, 20 meters of rope, to lift that ton by 1 meter. You're trading effort over distance for force over a short distance. Gears do the same, they're trading the high speed of the motor (500 - 2000 rotations per minute) for a huge force at the wheels but slow rotation (30 - 300 rotations per minute). |
Technology | How do bits in a computer become meaningful to human beings? | [
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] | Bits aren't meaningful. What they produce is meaningful. If I use the bits in a computer to generate a picture of my wife on a monitor, then I will value the computer and its "bits" for being able to provide me something valuable to me. I don't care about the bits themselves. No one does. They are only tools in a process that creates things of value. |
Economics | What kind of power do the board of directors have over an 'average' company? | [
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] | So first, Board of Directors and majority share holders are different. They may overlap (i.e. majority shareholder is often on the board or even chairman of the board) How the Board interacts with the company is often dependent on well...how the company and the board are set up. Sometimes the board is much more of an advisory panel than a management panel. The power they hold, again, depends on the company but very often they are in charge of hiring/firing the CEO and sometimes other C-suite positions. Majority shareholders, through their majority shares have significant power to influence everything. Often times they are on the board, but even when they are not...they have most all the say when it comes to deciding who is on the board. There are typically, what are controlled voting and non-voting shares. For instance, Facebook when raising money sold a significant amount of non-voting shares to allow Zuckerberg to maintain all of the decision making power. |
Economics | How do companies make money from Product Placements in movies? I've never seen a product in a movie and wanted to buy it, so what positive (or negative) impact does it have for them? | [
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] | It isn't about making you see a product and making you immediately want to buy it. It's about establishing brand by creating certain connections in your mind. For example, if I always product place my watches on the most successful put together men in shows, you'll start associating my brand with success and powerful men. Secondly it is about getting the name and product out there. The most often you see a product and the more you hear its name, the more it comes to mind when you do think about those products. If I ask you to name a soda right now, you'll probably say something like Coca-cola or pepsi. Not even necessarily because those are your favourite drinks, but because you've seen them over and over and over and over again in commercials. The goal is not making you see a watch in a show and making you immediately go 'I want a watch'. It's about influencing you so when you *do* eventually need to buy a new watch (and that point will come), the name of my watch brand comes up in your mind the quickest (which is associated with you buying the brand more quickly) and by having created a certain image in your mind, that can help you choose for my brand over any of the hundreds of other watch brands. If you want a watch that makes you look stylish and successful, a watch that you've seen on shows and associate with powerful, successful men will be one you more quickly make a choice for. |
Physics | What is this sun lockdown/solar minimum I’m hearing about and how will it affect us on Earth? | [
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] | The sun has "seasons" like the earth but they repeat every 11 years or so, instead. During solar maximum, the sun is full of hotspots disrupting the sun's magnetic field which allows more powerful solar storms to occur more frequently. Solar miminum is the opposite. This means Summer might be a bit cooler. |
Psychology | What is it about human psychology that causes us to find games like Candy Crush, Tetris, etc so satisfying? | [
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] | These games are designed around having relatively frequent and very noticeable 'rewards' that stimulates chemicals in your brain that make you feel happy or satisfied. Particularly a chemical called dopamine. Rather than real life where rewards take much longer and are far less in your face. The brain is sucked into a loop: getting reward 'points' or items or what have you;anticipate getting more rewards, do thing that gives direct and immediate rewards. That's why people can play it for hours. Accomplishing most irl tasks require much longer periods between reward and anticipation. // Tl/Dr : the in game rewards make your brain release a lot of happy chemicals. More info: URL_0 |
Physics | Why does lightning has to travel in such complicated patterns, why doesn’t it just go in a straight line? | [
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"role": "user"
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] | Imagine you're in a room crowded with people and you want to get to the other side of the room. The easiest way to do that is to find gaps in between people and slip through them, the "path of least resistance". Going the straight path would be considerately more difficult. |
Physics | Why does the light from a blue LED light seem to sit offset from the source itself? | [
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] | Sounds like it might be chromostereopsis, which is an effect in the contrast of certain colors perceived by many people. It has to do with the way our eyes receive certain wavelengths of light. Look at [this picture]( URL_0 ). If it looks like the men are "in front" of the blue background...particularly if you move your head back and forth while keeping your eyes focused on the image...that's chromostereopsis. It's more pronounced the further away (or smaller the picture) the source is. I see it everywhere I go, but only with my glasses on. |
Biology | What happens to the human body that makes it feel like cold isn't cold? | [
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] | Your body can't actually sense temperature. It feels heat being absorbed or lost. So when you are losing heat your body tells you that your surroundings are cold. The more heat you lose the more you perceive your surroundings as being cold. Also, the greater the temperature differential between two things, the faster heat flows from one to the other. You are asking about how you can feel cold in a cold temperature but then ok in that same temperature later (when you have adjusted). This is the same thing as getting into a cold swimming pool: freezing at first but fine after you've been in it for a while. Your body adjusts by constricting blood flow in the extremities, so your skin is colder than your insides. When your skin was hotter there was a greater heat loss and you perceived it to be colder. When your skin was colder there was a smaller heat loss and your body tells you that means your surroundings are warmer (when it's really that your skin is colder). |
Physics | What is it about the dynamics of an explosion that causes damage, especially the impact damage on the human body? | [
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"role": "user"
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] | The shock wave, which is also what separates combustion from explosion. If you have ever been to the ocean and got hit just right by a wave, it can knock you down. Knock the wind out of you. Explosions create a similar force but even stronger. Strong enough to cause concussions, strong enough to knock the wind out of you, strong enough to stop your heart. Shrapnel, what the explosion picks up and throws is very dangerous too, but the shock wave is absolutely deadly. |
Physics | Why can’t people who are in danger of drowning just do the starfish thing and float on their backs? Why do they have to tread water? | [
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"role": "user"
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] | Two reasons... Not everyone is as buoyant as each other. People with a lower body fat percentage and a higher muscle density won't float as well as the opposite body type. Floating comfortably is only possible in still water. If you're in the ocean you will be getting pushed around by waves and currents. |
Economics | What is gentrification? Why do people think it’s good or bad? | [
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] | Gentrification as I understand it is an "enriching of the neighborhood" usually meaning more affluent people are moving in. People who think it's good see these people as more able to put money into the businesses surrounding them, and the neighborhood is more likely to see urban improvement as their tax dollars are surely also valuable, and there may be a loose belief that having "hard-working people" around will reduce crime by having less people in the area who may turn to crime to get by, or from the second point where cop presence may be bigger. People who think it's bad see an obvious problem: skyrocketing rents. Let's take San Francisco. Becoming Silicon Valley and having a lot of money in the area has caused rents to balloon, because there are more people in the area able to pay more for a given apartment/house. "Charge what the market will bear." But this doesn't just target the people coming in with more money, it's often sweeping changes across whole areas that also hit people who already live there. Imagine paying $1000/mo for your apartment then suddenly they want to charge $1500, then $2000, over the course of just a few years instead of keeping pace with inflation or something. People who have lived in a neighborhood for sometimes *decades* get forced out by suddenly not being able to afford to live there even though they afforded it just fine before gentrification. This segues into the next problem, homelessness. Again with San Fran, it's becoming a huge problem and it's caused in part by suddenly not being able to afford the roof over your head. So from there you get streets that reek of urine and feces, you get "defensive architecture" installed intended to make homeless people sleep elsewhere, and you get hardworking people suddenly living out of a box at no fault of their own. |
Technology | How does a virus like "Petya" lock a computer so that it can't just simply be deleted, and how do the makers receive the ransom money without their identities being disclosed? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n How does a virus like \"Petya\" lock a computer so that it can't just simply be deleted, and how do the makers receive the ransom money without their identities being disclosed?",
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] | > how does a virus like "Petya" lock a computer so that it can't just simply be deleted The software takes everything on the hard-drive and encrypts it. Everything, including OS that gets loaded at bootup. So when it reboots, instead of grabbing the OS you expect it to grab, the virus have it load itself. Computers run and operate out of RAM, but that goes away when you turn it off. When a computer boots up, it's loading software from the hard-drive to RAM. (Which is why SSDs make bootup times faster). > and how do the makers receive the ransom money without their identities being disclosed? Typically bit-coin. With the right key to a bundle of bit-coins, they can sell that to other people for cash. Their "bit-coin" ID is forever stamped into the logs, but there's no real way to associate that ID with their real ID. |
Biology | Why can babies learn to speak a language just by being exposed to it regularly for a couple of months but adults can't? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n Why can babies learn to speak a language just by being exposed to it regularly for a couple of months but adults can't?",
"role": "user"
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] | It's worth noting that it actually takes babies 2-3 years to learn to speak a language (to be fair they understand it in-depth much quicker than that, but speech takes a long time). By the age of 2 most children will be speaking and saying at least 1-2 word commands ("Daddy car", "mummy gone"), with many moving on to 3-4 word statements/mini-sentences ("daddy go park" that sort of thing). By comparison most adults could get from no language capability to a wide range of 1-2 word commands in a matter of days/weeks. And...If all they ever heard was the new language (which is what the child tends to experience) then the language acquisition will be likely faster than that (like what u/rewboss said). |
Technology | Where are backdoors /security flaws from ? | [
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"role": "user"
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] | Backdoors and Security Flaws are ways to circumnavigate normal digital security or access permissions to get access to data that you shouldn't have direct access to. The difference is backdoors are intentionally created or left there at the request of a government or other authority so that the "good guys" will always have a way in if they need to get someones information. This is very obviously not great as it is very hard to prevent backdoors from getting leaked or abused like the reports of NSA agents caught with people's nude photos from iCloud and other cloud storage platforms. As to where they come from, security flaws are generally oversights in the software design just like locking all the doors to your house but leaving a window unlocked. As far as an example, as to what a flaw "really" is, as always there's a [relevant XKCD]( URL_0 ) about the HeartBleed vunerability. |
Other | Why do you often hit a motivational wall before doing the last part of a task? | [
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] | I recently took a knitting class, and the teacher mentioned that this is really common problem for many knitters. Once the project is almost done, they lose motivation just finish up those last few rows and bind off. Her theory was that once you can actually see the thing you were trying to create, you get most of the satisfaction of the finished project, so you just stop. Maybe this is also true for creating other, less physical things too. Once your vision is mostly realized, to the point where you can 'see' the big picture, you're satisfied with that. |
Other | How do breweries and wineries maintain a consistent flavor profile for their products, year after year? | [
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] | Lots of chemical science and a base batch of fermented liquid to flavor. There isn't a lot of nuance in mass marketed booze, and practically every part of a flavor can be measured and replicated. The varietals are all put together the same way with tried and tested yeasts for exact Temps and times. They've removed a lot of the human variables. |
Biology | How exactly does aging of cells work and how come some organisms get to live really long lives and some age very fast? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n How exactly does aging of cells work and how come some organisms get to live really long lives and some age very fast?",
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] | Cell aging happens because each time a cell divides there is a chance that the division doesn't happen perfectly and one of the resulting daughter cells has a flaw and doesn't function correctly. This mostly happens at the tail end of the DNA which is the last piece to split when your DNA replicates itself. At the end of your DNA is a tail made of something called Telomeres which are basically junk DNA which exists to try and prevent this DNA damage, but each time your cells divide some of the telomeres are sacrificed until eventually you have none left to prevent DNA damage. Then when your cells split the DNA is damaged and this shows up as aging. Eventually some critical cells are so damaged that they don't function well enough to keep you alive and you die. Different organisms have different ways of dealing with this problem. Some are more effective than others which is why we all live for different lengths. |
Chemistry | Why does tap water (and fountain water) taste different in different cities even though I'm in the same state? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n Why does tap water (and fountain water) taste different in different cities even though I'm in the same state?",
"role": "user"
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] | Most fountain water is unfiltered tap water. Different cities have different laws and practices of which chemicals in what concentrations they use to treat the water. Different types/ages of piping can also affect taste. The closer to the treatment plant you are, the more chlorine you'll taste/smell because it's still floating free to maintain the legally required residual. Additionally, some places get their water from aquifers, some from surface sources, some from rainfall collection, and some from a combination. This will also effect the taste because the water starts with different pH, particulates, and dissolved minerals like calcium (hard water). Lastly, temperature can have a huge impact on the perceived taste of any beverage. |
Physics | Why is water 'harder than concrete' if you fall into it from a great height? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n Why is water 'harder than concrete' if you fall into it from a great height?",
"role": "user"
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] | It is not harder, but at high enought speed the effect is the same. You die. Imagine for example what happens when you slowly soak your hand in water, there is no resistance. Slap the water and you will feel the impact. Slap it hard enought and you will feel pain. This happens because when you go slow the water mollecules have enought time to get out of your way. The faster you go the harder you will have to push to make them move faster. Go fast enought and they will really resist it so hard they will feel like a solid to you. Consider that what kills you is not the fall but the sudden stop at the end. Ig you go slow the water will resist you enought to gently stop you but if you go fast enought it will stop you suddently. |
Other | How did the blue raspberry flavor come about? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n How did the blue raspberry flavor come about?",
"role": "user"
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] | Because some raspberries are actually blue! Well, blue-ish. The fruit of the 'white bark raspberry' is red when unripe but can turn blue as it ripens, though when it's properly ripe it's usually purple or black. In sweet flavoured foods, using blue for raspberry helps distinguish it from strawberry or cherry. |
Economics | How exactly did privatization of student loan debt in the US affect tuition rates? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n How exactly did privatization of student loan debt in the US affect tuition rates?",
"role": "user"
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] | Colleges sell a product that isn't cheap. A 4 year degree requires professors, classrooms, equipment, etc... It very likely costs them no less than $5-10k/year per student. Some of that may be subsidized, but that's a different conversation. That means your target market is someone looking for education that also has access to at least $30k. However, if someone is too old, they're more likely to find a career that pays well enough that college doesn't justify it's expense. That means your target market is also under 25 years old. So now you need 18-21yo kids that also have $30k in the bank. Without Student Loans, that means kids of rich parents, or the kind of kids your donors (scholarships) want to see. Pretty small market. Then Student Loans are invented. Suddenly nearly every 18-20yo has access to $40k, and your target market has grown ten-fold. Those with rich parents can reasonably afford $100-500k in tuition. If your boss was willing to pay $20/hr, would you ask for only $10/hr because that's what you know you're worth? Fuck now, you ask for $25 and settle for $21/hr, because why leave money on the table? You're obviously worth it! Same with universities. They're not looking to leave money on the table. Their target market is now "Everyone aged 18-24", and up to 40 if you count grad school. The "good" colleges have so much demand they can raise their prices and still fill classrooms. |
Technology | is it more efficient to turn off your heat or to turn it down when going to sleep/leaving your home for long periods of time? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n is it more efficient to turn off your heat or to turn it down when going to sleep/leaving your home for long periods of time?",
"role": "user"
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] | It's always more *efficient* (or at least *as efficient*) to turn it off, but that's not the primary concern when it comes to one's home. Overnight, there's a minimum temperature below which the occupants will get uncomfortable. Set the thermostat to that level. If the home passively retains enough heat overnight to remain above that level, your energy savings will be identical to turning the heat off entirely. There's also a minimum temperature below which damage can occur to plumbing and appliances. When leaving the home for a day or longer, set the thermostat to that level to avoid expensive repairs. Again, if the home passively retains enough heat while you're away to remain above that level, your energy savings will be identical to turning the heat off entirely. |
Biology | why do our nails curl round when they're extremely long? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n why do our nails curl round when they're extremely long?",
"role": "user"
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] | I’m going to make a completely uninformed guess. The face of the nail is exposed to all kinds of hazards / environmental stresses, so it has to grow an extra-thick layer of hard protein to protect it. The cells on the underside, protected as the are from those factors, don’t need that layer, and are thereby physically smaller. Larger, thicker cells growing on the outer part of the nail cause the overall structure to curve over and in on itself. Does that sound reasonable? |
Biology | Why does some face wash bring out more acne even if it considered harsher for you skin? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n Why does some face wash bring out more acne even if it considered harsher for you skin?",
"role": "user"
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] | Some harsher face washes have chemicals that severly dry out your skin. This temporarily may help your acne. But your body then notices how dry your skin is and will produces extra oils to moisten your skin. This increased level of oil then creates more acne and the viscious cycle begins again. I hope this makes sense. |
Economics | If wealth was equally distributed throughout a first World country, what would the quality if life be like for any given individual? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n If wealth was equally distributed throughout a first World country, what would the quality if life be like for any given individual?",
"role": "user"
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] | Conceptually, basically identical for the average income level. For extremely wealthy people only a small proportion of their wealth is in the form of amenities. An expensive mansion can really only house a few people in total, they only have so many clothes, etc. Spreading them over the entire population does effectively nothing. Most of their wealth is ownership of companies or property, and distributing that ownership doesn't do anything for people's standard of living. Shuffling who owns the factories around doesn't make *more stuff exist.* It might seem that an individual could sell their stock and increase their standard of living, but who is buying in this situation? In short this entire concept is premised on a shallow and incomplete understanding of wealth, money, and the economy. |
Physics | How can we split an atom of atoms technically never touch? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n How can we split an atom of atoms technically never touch?",
"role": "user"
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] | Touching is a weird concept. When you think about touching from the perspective of the sense of touch, what you are sensing is pressure, or force. Do atoms exert forces on each other? Certainly yes, via electrostatic repulsion and the pauli exclusion principle. Do atoms have hard surfaces that can directly come into contact with each other? No, at an atomic scale, is doesn't make sense to think about subatomic particles at hard objects with some defined surface that can touch another hard object with a defined surface. |
Technology | How do apple/google maps know where traffic is and how quickly can it be worked out? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n How do apple/google maps know where traffic is and how quickly can it be worked out?",
"role": "user"
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] | Since they track everybody's locations in real time, they knowl how fast you are moving. If a group of people they are tracking are suddenly stopped or slowing down on an open the road, it's obviously a traffic situation. Google has also added real time user updates like Waze used to do, to supplement that information. |
Mathematics | Why is it mathematically impossible to solve polynomials of degree 5 or higher? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n Why is it mathematically impossible to solve polynomials of degree 5 or higher?",
"role": "user"
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] | [This is one of the deepest rabbit holes of mathematics, actually]( URL_0 ). The question seems innocent enough, but it drops off like the continental shelf. It's been driving mathematicians nuts since the 1500s. Then a French kid named [Evariste Galois]( URL_1 ), figures out the answer to this question (which is profound) as a fucking teenager....but then gets involved in revolutionary politics, goes to prison, and then somehow ends up getting killed in a duel at the age of 20 (1832). People are *still* getting PhDs exploring all the ramifications of what he came up with almost two centuries later. As a fucking teenager. |
Economics | Why does money "adjusted for inflation" still lack purchasing power? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n Why does money \"adjusted for inflation\" still lack purchasing power?",
"role": "user"
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] | Inflation adjustment is meant to take out the common changes in price over time, but it isn't supposed to make everything cost the same always. If it did, we wouldn't stand to learn much from the prices. It's worth noting that many things have substantially *decreased* in price after accounting for inflation. Most things that are now mass produced (clothes, consumer goods/electronics, many foods) were much more expensive when we had less efficient technologies for producing them. Some things can't be made significantly cheaper with technology, like land near a population center or educational services, so their real prices haven't benefited from new technologies and may have increased for other reasons too. |
Technology | Why does a company want to sell my personal info? To whom? For how much? What's the data even look like? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n Why does a company want to sell my personal info? To whom? For how much? What's the data even look like?",
"role": "user"
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] | So the big common misunderstanding is that Facebook, Google, and most large companies **don't** actually sell your personal information. Yes they collect it, but they don't sell it. Smaller and more unscrupulous companies will sell your data though, usually to email spammers. The big guys instead collect it, research it, and both share the results of that research and use that research to build more targeted ads. If some random company is like "I have a product for cat lovers, I'd love to buy some ads on facebook in front of people who like cats" Facebook can not only make *exactly that* happen for that company, they can also tell things like "people over 40 are more likely to click on these links" "surfers are more likely to click on these links" and stuff like that. So now you can put your ads for cat products in front of surfers too, since you know they're more likely to buy it than other demographics. Knowing *what kind of person* wnats to buy your stuff is extremely important, because it lets you put the ads or the product right in front of the kind of people who are most likely to be your customers. |
Biology | How does your body know to increase the amount you have to go to the bathroom, the closer you get to your house? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n How does your body know to increase the amount you have to go to the bathroom, the closer you get to your house?",
"role": "user"
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] | It's entirely neurological. It's like Pavlov's experiment with dogs. Our brains don't make every sensation conscious. If it did, we would be overwhelmed by sensory input. As our bladder becomes more full, the stretch activates our brain to want to pee. Our brain has adapted over time to activate that response based on our memory to choose the best time to bring it to our consciousness. Ultimately, the answer is that our brain makes a lot of decisions that don't make it to our consciousness. Breathing is a good example. You don't typically decide to breathe. |
Technology | The cult of Volvo owners. What makes Volvos so beloved? What makes them preferable/superior to other manufacturers? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n The cult of Volvo owners. What makes Volvos so beloved? What makes them preferable/superior to other manufacturers?",
"role": "user"
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] | Volvos are incredibly safe. They're engineered to safety standards that far surpass regular US standards. One of the founders of Volvo had a wife killed in an auto accident and ever since then, they've been pioneers in automobile safety and standards. They enforce standards that haven't been made required yet which is why they surpass legal guidelines. |
Earth Science | Why are there sudden changes of temperature when you’re walking near a running body of water? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n Why are there sudden changes of temperature when you’re walking near a running body of water?",
"role": "user"
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] | Evaporation takes away heat energy from the surroundings. So the water is sucking up energy, causing the surrounding temperature to fall. In a still body of water, the warm water rises to the top. This layer of warm water doesn't absorb that much heat before it evaporates. In a moving body of water, this layer gets mixed up, bringing cooler water up to the top, which can absorb more heat to evaporate. This is why the area near a moving body of water feels cooler than a still body of water. |
Biology | How do growth spurts actually work, and why does such a drastic jump in height/size not happen at any other point during human development? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n How do growth spurts actually work, and why does such a drastic jump in height/size not happen at any other point during human development?",
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] | The surge in hormones during adolescence affects the brain as well as the body. In adolescence, growth spurts prepare people for reproduction, like by making female bodies better able to support a baby, etc. And male bodies stronger probably for evolutionary hunter purposes. Babies develop even faster for their first few years |
Biology | Why does something just smelling/tasting bad make some people physically sick, even though they haven't consumed any of the item in question? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n Why does something just smelling/tasting bad make some people physically sick, even though they haven't consumed any of the item in question?",
"role": "user"
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] | It is something called taste aversion. Basically, you have smelled something similar to the bad smelling thing in your past and it has done some sort of harm to your body, and your brain makes a copy of that smell so that your brain knows "If we smell/taste this again, get it away immediately!". |
Economics | How do investment firms work? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n How do investment firms work?",
"role": "user"
}
] | Kinda, yeah. Buy low, sell high. Think of it as a house flipping show but for businesses. Buy out that old mom & pop restaurant, gut it, then remodel it to spec for a local restaurant group. There's a company in my town that's basically playing Monopoly. They're slowly buying up whole city blocks parcel by parcel near the rich part of town. $100k here for a gym, $1mil there for a jewelry store, say $5mil over the course of 6 years and they've got the whole block. When they take ownership, the businesses there aren't affected at all. They even keep their rent steady. But when the block is 100% owned by them, they turn around and sell it to a big time developer for $30mil so it can all be bulldozed and converted to a 20-story tower. It's a story straight out of a Muppet movie, except nobody's really that sad to see the area go. The better firms will have partnerships or relationships with construction and engineering companies to cut down on costs, or some form of specialization like buying EPA Biohazard sites. Ultimately, it's not far from flipping houses on HGTV but on the multi million dollar scale. |
Other | Why do some states require you to reveal your identity when you win the lottery? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n Why do some states require you to reveal your identity when you win the lottery?",
"role": "user"
}
] | It's to prove that it wasn't a scam. The lottery is generally regulated by the government to some capacity and so they want to ensure that it's transparent. If you didn't require to reveal the identity of the winner it would be very easy to see a situation where the governor's siblings all just happen to be the winners each time and no one would be able to find out. This was the case for McDonald's Monopoly game for many years when it first came out. |
Other | What purpose do silent letters in words serve? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n What purpose do silent letters in words serve?",
"role": "user"
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] | Silent letters are often remnants from older versions of the language. How we pronounce letters and words change over time. Sometimes certain sounds require specific letter combinations that modify each other but over time the modified usage becomes the dominant sound and so the modifying letters effectively become silent. Sometimes we simply stop pronouncing a letter in a word for one reason or another. And sometimes when you are borrowing a word from another language you do not change the spelling but do change the pronunciation of it. |
Technology | How an adblock block the ads? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n How an adblock block the ads?",
"role": "user"
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] | All the ads come form pretty much the same handful of companies, so an adblock just needs to block access to those companies websites and that stops the ads from downloading, a blank box for the ads still remains, but since the code of the box is pretty recognizable, the adblock can remove that as well pretty easily |
Mathematics | how do random number generators work? | [
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"role": "user"
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] | It's not. It can only generate psuedo random numbers based on input it has. It may take the mouse input for example and use that to generate a number. Or use the time in milliseconds for example. It also means if you know the input and the algorithm you can predict the numbers. |
Chemistry | why is the perfect ratio of oxygen to hydrogen in rocket combustion 6:1 and not 8:1? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n why is the perfect ratio of oxygen to hydrogen in rocket combustion 6:1 and not 8:1?",
"role": "user"
}
] | I understand why you think that, but the stoichiometric ratio is not the most important consideration when determining propellant and oxidizer ratios. Burning propellants is most efficient, in terms of heat produced per mass of propellant, at the stoichiometric ratio, which as you know is 8:1 for hydrogen and oxygen, but for a given amount of energy, the momentum is maximized by making the gas molecules as light as possible. which is why hydrolox engine ideally has a large excess of H2 molecules over H2O and other combustion products, meaning they need to run fuel-rich. It's different for every single engine, and sometimes varies per engine during the flight. For example, the RS-25, the Space Shuttle main engine, used a 6.03:1 propellant mixture ratio, the J2, which powered the 2nd and 3rd stages of the Saturn V used a 5.5:1 ratio that could be adjusted during flight, and the Vulcain 2, which power the Ariane 5, uses a 6.7:1. |
Biology | If a chimp of average intelligence is about as intelligent as your average 3 year old, what's the barrier keeping a truly exceptional chimp from being as bright as an average adult? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n If a chimp of average intelligence is about as intelligent as your average 3 year old, what's the barrier keeping a truly exceptional chimp from being as bright as an average adult?",
"role": "user"
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] | The human brain goes through some quite interesting milestones as it develops. To start off with it's basically identical to a mid-range animal brain - hence why babies are dumb as shit. Towards about age 4, it first develops an ability called Theory of Mind, which is a set of skills that allow it to understand that other creatures perceive the world differently to itself. This can be demonstrated quite well by [tests]( URL_1 ). Here, the child named Alfie is demonstrating theory of mind when he says that he thinks his mother will think the sun is a lion. A younger child would think that its mother would know it was a sun, because they do not have the theory of mind necessary to know that other people do not know the same things they know. Many animals don't have a complete theory of mind. Chimpanzees, however, [do]( URL_0 ), which is a big part of why some people say they're about as smart as a 3-4 year old. Theory of mind isn't a continuous effort though. For a long time, children have absolutely none of it, then over quite a short period of time, they gain the entire thing all at once. This is how developmental milestones all behave in humans, and these milestones have specific brain structures that cause them. So you have milestones like the ability to use symbols and the ability to do abstract thought, and those are steps rather than slopes as well. These steps act as basically caps on development. An animal that doesn't have the brain structures necessary for abstract thought will never gain them. You'll still have a range of intelligence within the species, but none will be able to overcome milestones they lack the structures for, so the smartest... salmon lets say, will never be smarter than a 3 year old because it won't develop a complete theory of mind. These steps aren't strictly ordered though. There's nothing in particular stopping an animal from having two milestones but missing the one that comes inbetween in humans. That does make it harder to compare to humans though. If an animal can do something an 11 year old human can do but can't do something a 3 year old human can do, what's the point of comparison for that? The other major difference between human brains and the brains of other animals is that we dedicate a *huge* amount of our brain power to language. This is the [cognitive tradeoff theory]( URL_2 ), the idea that language was such a huge advantage to us that our brains sacrificed cognitive power in other departments for the sake of becoming even better at communicating. This would mean though that even if all other aspects were the same, humans and chimpanzees would still have intelligences you can't directly compare, because it's kind of like comparing a submarine to an aeroplane - both have similar aspects like being made out of metal, but they're designed to do very different jobs. A plane would suck at diving and a submarine would suck at flying, but that's not a very useful comparison to make. Edit: I woke up to 159 notifications because of this post. |
Economics | What's the difference between a Roth Ira and a Traditional Ira? How do they work? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n What's the difference between a Roth Ira and a Traditional Ira? How do they work?",
"role": "user"
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] | In a Traditional IRA, the money you contribute is Pre-tax, that is you don't pay tax on it in the current year. In a Roth IRA, the money you contribute is Post-tax, that is you don't deduct it from your income in the present year. OTOH, when you start drawing money from a Traditional IRA, it is fully taxable, both principle and interest / gain. But it's likely you'll be at a lower rate, since you're retired. When you start drawing money from a Roth IRA, it's tax free, both the principle (on which you already paid tax) and the interest / gain (which you have not). For this reason, the Roth IRA is desirable if you have enough years for the IRA's gain to be a significant amount, since it remains tax-free, unlike the T-IRA. |
Technology | how do Android phones get slower over the years? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n how do Android phones get slower over the years?",
"role": "user"
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] | The phone do not get slower but is is the software that is updated and newer version in general have more feature and require higher performance/memory on the phone. New software and OS is designed to use You often add more and more software where som it it run in the background so the phone have more to do more. So use a some app to see what program is active in the background and uninstall them if you no longer use them or just disable them in the apps settings. This can have a hug effect as you free up both memory and cpu usage. Other reason is that your baseline of speed is different and you might compare to other faster phones. If the storage on the phone is full it might preformae slower so remove apps you do not use and put photos, videos etc on a computer and in the cloud. If you did a factory restore to the original software it would be as fast as when it was new but slow down when the software was updated. & #x200B; The thing that age in a phone is the battery and the capacity and max current drop over time. So it might be the case that the the phone cant run the CPU at as high frequency with a old battery especially if it is not fully charged. Apple have done it because som old phones they could shut down when the battery was at 40% but with the change the could use all power in the battery but at lower speed. It might be the case that some android phones does that do So old bad batteries might reduce the performance on a phone but I am not sure that any Android phone does that. It is the only change that would not fixed by a software. |
Other | What does a a movie producer actually do for the movie? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n What does a a movie producer actually do for the movie?",
"role": "user"
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] | Typically EPs are ones that just put up money. Producers do a ton of work. They are the general managers of a film. They manage the budgets, all the stars, the director, organize everything on the set, ensure they stick to the production schedule, determine how to handle cost overruns, etc etc. If Da Vinci was a director then the producer would be the person who got him a studio, his supplies, his assistants, negotiated price for paintings, finding buyers, etc. |
Technology | How is it possible that Next Gen Graphics Engines can render billions of triangles, dynamic lighting, DOF etc at 60fps+ but making a single frame with similar settings in a 3D rendering program would take minute to hours to render? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n How is it possible that Next Gen Graphics Engines can render billions of triangles, dynamic lighting, DOF etc at 60fps+ but making a single frame with similar settings in a 3D rendering program would take minute to hours to render?",
"role": "user"
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] | Basically graphics engines take lots of shortcuts. When you're looking at a rough surface, is it really rough? Or is it just a texture of something rough. Far away objects are reduced in complexity, which you don't notice (because it's far away), but it's there. A proper 3D rendering program sends light from a light source, reflects it in all directions, and records what hits the camera, just like in real life. This is extremely time consuming and you're spending a lot of time tracing rays that, well, you never see. |
Biology | Why do white people exist? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n Why do white people exist?",
"role": "user"
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] | Because where white people went there wasn't any sun to burn. Caucasian skin formed in europe and northen asia, where the sun isn't shining at full power all year round. During winter it was very dark and the 'day' only lasts a handful of hours. Having lighter skin helps act against vitamin-D shortage, which is a benefit where you have fewer hours of sunlight to build up your D-vitamin banks. |
Technology | Why do we have to limit clock speed on processors? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n Why do we have to limit clock speed on processors?",
"role": "user"
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] | One problem is that circuits are really analog, even if we can normally treat them as digital. If you take something like an AND gate, we can normally just assume that its output will be on when both inputs are on, and off otherwise. But when the inputs change, it actually takes some fraction of a second for the output to switch to match the inputs. You can think of the clock as providing a delay after each change to let everything stabilise in the new state. At some point, the speed of light becomes the limiting factor, since changes can't propagate across the chip any faster than that. With a 1THz clock, there's only 1 picosecond between ticks, and no signal can travel further than 0.3mm in that time. If your CPU is 40mm across, that's going to be a big problem. |
Other | If a bathroom is full of steam why does a towel not get saturated absorbing all the water in the air and can still dry someone off? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n If a bathroom is full of steam why does a towel not get saturated absorbing all the water in the air and can still dry someone off?",
"role": "user"
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] | Air that is saturated with water will hold onto that water until it cools down. So unless the towel is much cooler than the air, it's not going to significantly cool the air. Therefore, it's not going to create condensation on itself. Also, when water condenses, it gives off some heat, so what little condensation does occur will warm the air/towel ever so slightly, delaying any further condensation. |
Biology | Do people with perfect pitch actually hear themselves perfectly or do they have a different talent? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n Do people with perfect pitch actually hear themselves perfectly or do they have a different talent?",
"role": "user"
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] | Your voice sounding differently in recordings isn’t a change in pitch, but in timbre. When you sing, you don’t produce one single pure tone, but a complex series of overtones that gives each voice a slightly different sound. The difference between how you hear yourself and how a recording of you sounds is a change in which overtones you hear more than others. The pitch stays the same. This is why you will sometimes see people cover one ear while singing harmony, so they can better hear their own voice and keep it in tune. |
Economics | Why was our recent 'economic growth' just a bubble and not real growth of the economy? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n Why was our recent 'economic growth' just a bubble and not real growth of the economy?",
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] | Shutting down all workplaces for a month will trigger a recession and massive economic losses, even if it took place in the greatest economic time period in history. No economy is designed to be able to withstand a month of shutdowns. To say it happened because it was a bubble is false. |
Economics | When a company gets bought out, how do they (the bought company) decide where the money goes? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n When a company gets bought out, how do they (the bought company) decide where the money goes?",
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}
] | > Is it split among the owners? Shareholders? Those are the same thing. This is where the money goes; ownership is being bought so the people who have it are the ones who get paid for giving it up. > Employees? Hah! Not unless they own stock. > Used to pay off existing debt? Used to pay off employee redundancies? Nope, the company is now owned by the company that bought it out, including any debts they may owe. |
Other | In music theory, what determines a chord's name? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n In music theory, what determines a chord's name?",
"role": "user"
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] | Short version : the distance in pitch between the individual notes in the chord. Long version: a chord is 3 notes or more played simultaneously. As you may already know, there are 7 "whole" notes: A B C D E F G. It's the distance between notes in that chord that give the chord its "name". About how we measure the distance in pitch in music: The distance in pitch between A and B for example is called a tone. Same between C and D, D and E,and so on. So, are all notes distant in pitch from the next one from a tone? Almost. B to C and E to F are only distant from a half-tone (yeah it can seem random but don't bother why for now, that's a different topic ;) So, for example, C is 2 tones away from E: - > C to D = 1 tone - > D to E = 1 tone == > C to E = 2 tones. A is only 1,5 tones away from C: - > A to B = 1 tone - > B to C = 0,5 tone (as mentioned above) == > A to C = 1,5 tone With this system, you can write in number the distance in pitch between any notes. We use a word for each of the possible distance between notes: it's called Intervals. That's where those major and minor stuff comes in play. From A, the second note is B. It's called a second. From A again, the third note is C. It's called a third, and so on ( fourth to D, fifth to F...) But wait, if I go from B to D, the half note thing is messing with our nice intervals, isn't it? Why should A to C (1,5tones difference) and C to E ( 2 tones difference) be called the same? They are clearly different to human ear!! C to E is a Major Third (2 tones distance) A to C is a minor Third (1,5 tones distance) That's why you call C-E-G a Major Chord (remember we need 3 notes to make a Chord) : it starts with a Major Third ( C to E). And A-C-E is a minor Chord : it starts with a minor Third (A to C are only 1,5 half-tone distant) And what about this third note? Well, its distance from the first one will also be indicated in the chord's name. If you have a 4 or 5 notes chord, same deal, it changes the chord's name. I will admit something though. I kinda lied. If you go half a tone ( also called half a step) higher than A, you get something that is also a note : A sharp. Half a tone below A is A flat. So you could say that there is really 12 notes in the western tonal music. I'll let you try and count - fun times. And just to mess with you: B sharp exists, C flat also, they are the same note on a piano but we sometime need to differentiate them. Told you, fun times. Hope it helps, don't hesitate to check for more info or PM me, I learned music in a different language so I might have made little mistakes! |
Economics | During, for example, the Crash of 1929, if everyone is selling their stocks, who buys them? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n During, for example, the Crash of 1929, if everyone is selling their stocks, who buys them?",
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] | "So if everyone is selling their stocks, what happens when no one wants to buy?" thats exactly what happened. The value of a stock is determined by how much people are willing to pay for it and how many people are willing to sell at this price. since NO ONE wanted to buy the stocks, the value plumeted until people started to say "okay, at THIS extremely low price I will buy them" |
Physics | How come your glasses don't focus light and burn your cheek from the sun? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n How come your glasses don't focus light and burn your cheek from the sun?",
"role": "user"
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] | There are 2 general kinds of lens: those that spread light apart (diverging) and those that bend light together (converging). Nearsighted people wear diverging lens glasses, whike farsighted folks wear converging. So, for nearsighted folks, their glasses can't focus light to concentrate the sun's rays. The other folks, yes, if the lenses were strong enough, you could use them to fry ants. When wearing them, they focus light on your retina, not your cheek. Can you burn your retina? Absolutely. But your wink reflex normally makes you look away first. |
Earth Science | how do scientists know the Earth's core is liquid if no one has ever seen it or extracted a sample? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n how do scientists know the Earth's core is liquid if no one has ever seen it or extracted a sample?",
"role": "user"
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] | Earthquakes generate different kinds of seismic waves that behave differently when passing through different materials. Notable, one of the types of waves (S waves) don't pass through liquids. This creates a kind of "shadow" that tells us that part of the core is liquid. But the behavior of the other kind of waves (P waves) also tells us that there is something solid inside that liquid. Here is a picture for reference: [ URL_0 ]( URL_1 ) |
Biology | What happens when somebody drinks themselves to death by drinking too much alcohol in a short period of time? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n What happens when somebody drinks themselves to death by drinking too much alcohol in a short period of time?",
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] | Essentially, alcohol works as a depressant for neural activity. The alcohol molecule binds to receptors on your neurons and reduces the overall neural activity in different parts of your brain. This usually begins on the outermost regions of the brain, your prefrontal cortex, which is in charge of your logical, rational thinking and moves inwards. People die when there is so much alcohol blocking neural receptors that the brain can no longer send signals to even maintain basic life functions such as breathing and heart rate. |
Biology | What exactly is an abscess, and when/why does it need to be drained? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n What exactly is an abscess, and when/why does it need to be drained?",
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] | Yes. Basically pus are dead cells. The body makes a capsule to isolate it from healthy cells. You must drain it as fast as possible cause if your immunity can't deal with it anymore, the bacteria can enter the bloodstream and cause a Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome then if it's untreated goes into sepsis with septic shock and death. There is a famous latin quote in medicine that all surgeon know "Ubi pus, ibi evacua" that means "where is pus, you must evacuate" |
Technology | Why are people hating on Apple for removing Fortnite? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n Why are people hating on Apple for removing Fortnite?",
"role": "user"
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] | People hate on Apple because Fortnite is a popular game and now people can't play it on their Iphone. Apple is free to do whatever they want with their apps store, the problem is that you can't install an apps on an Apple product unless it's by the apps store. This could be viewed as a monopoly and an unfair practice as people that choose the hardware from Apples (for example an IPhone) are pretty much at the mercy of what Apple decide to charge or what they accept or not on their apps store. People can't decide fuck apps store, I'm gonna get my apps another way, their only option would be to buy a new phone. |
Technology | Why do CT scans spin in circles? I just don’t understand why you need to go into a really loud scary tube rather than just getting a standard x-ray? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n Why do CT scans spin in circles? I just don’t understand why you need to go into a really loud scary tube rather than just getting a standard x-ray?",
"role": "user"
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] | If you take an x-ray you get a flat 2d image. Is the cloudiness inside the lung, or outside the lung? You can’t tell on a flat image. But if you spin the x-ray and take a shot from every angle, you can connect those shots together and get a 3D model instead of a flat photo. Now you can tell depth and see structures/features that you wouldn’t have been able to see on a flat picture. Think the difference between one photo vs a diorama. |
Economics | How do we determine room occupancy limits for a business, and are they accurate? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n How do we determine room occupancy limits for a business, and are they accurate?",
"role": "user"
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] | Usually room numbers are determined by zoning and the fire commission. They weigh factors like available draw of power to determine how many electronics can be safely used and available space. Also keeping exits clear and maintaining 36 inches of pathway between desks. At least that was the OSHA std 5 years ago. I doubt it’s changed much. |
Other | What makes a ‘salad’ a salad? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n What makes a ‘salad’ a salad?",
"role": "user"
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] | Most salads are a mixture of bite-sized foods (you shouldn't really need a knife to eat it) served cold and with a dressing. The line between "dressing" and "sauce" is a little blurry, but the idea of a dressing is to coat each element of the salad, rather than being used for dipping or spreading on top. Unless otherwise specified, the main ingredients of a salad will be vegetables, especially lettuce. |
Physics | How did scientist find out about the planets in our solar system? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n How did scientist find out about the planets in our solar system?",
"role": "user"
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] | Most of the planets in our solar system were actually discovered hundreds of years ago because they can be seen with the naked eye. Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn can all be seen just by looking up at the stars and seeing which ones move. Our word planet actually comes from greek, meaning wanderer, because planets look like stars that change positions. The other two planets, Uranus and Neptune, were discovered by optical telescopes. There a lot of math you can do to figure out where these planets are by observing gravitational effects, but it really boils down to just watching the sky through a telescope. Astronomy is mostly just picking out a section of sky and recording everything you see for days on end. If something moves, then you've potentially found a new planet, asteroid, comet, or dwarf planet. Hundreds of years of these observations from all over the world has resulted in us cataloging thousands upon thousands of items in our own solar system. |
Chemistry | If charcoal is burned wood, how does it burn again in the BBQ? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n If charcoal is burned wood, how does it burn again in the BBQ?",
"role": "user"
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] | Charcoal is not simply burned wood, that would be ash. Charcoal is produced by heating wood without burning it, by taking away all the oxygen. This basically removes all the water and other elements from the wood, leaving only the carbon, which is the part of the wood that reacts with oxygen to produce the flame. |
Economics | Why do single taxpayers in the US have to pay more federal taxes than married taxpayers? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n Why do single taxpayers in the US have to pay more federal taxes than married taxpayers?",
"role": "user"
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] | The total income of the couple is treated approximately as if it was split between the two members of the married couple rather than by one person, which results in a lower tax burden. It would still be slightly better if it was actually split between the two people, so if both members of a married couple make the same amount, it may actually be disadvantageous to file jointly, but in cases where one spouse is primarily supporting the other, the government treats it as two people each earning a smaller income, rather than the larger income that is supporting a single person. |
Chemistry | Why are pills 💊 multi colored? Why not just have the entire pill be like one color? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n Why are pills 💊 multi colored? Why not just have the entire pill be like one color?",
"role": "user"
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] | Pills/capsules have to be different from other prescriptions so they can be identified if separated from packaging, even if it just means having a slightly different imprint on otherwise identical pills, the multi coloring is just one way different prescriptions can vary. Not a good explanation but I hope it helps |
Biology | How does radiation work in killing you? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n How does radiation work in killing you?",
"role": "user"
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] | A "radioactive" material emits a few types of radiation. 1) Alpha radiation - Very weak, doesn't penetrate skin or clothes. However, if you ingest it, it has a clear shot to your cells. 2) Beta radiation - Stronger, can penetrate further into the body. 3) Gamma radiation - basically the same as X-rays. Strongest of the bunch. & #x200B; In low levels or with weak types of radiation, the damage just causes a few cells to die off. you may or may not get cancer in 20 years from the DNA damage. In higher levels, the radiation causes many many cells to die very quickly. Different parts of your body are affected differently depending on the amount of radiation you get and where you get it. |
Biology | Why do the inside of your ears get sweaty and itchy if you have earbuds in after a while? | [
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] | Your ears, nose, and throat are all connected. Earbuds plug your ears, so your normally open ear canal is now closed. It then gets warm in there like a room on a summer day, causing the skin inside your ear to sweat in an attempt to cool down. Not sure why it gets itchy. Hope this helps. |
Other | What are shepherd tones ? | [
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] | Shepard tone: sound loop made by a series of multiple sine waves rising one after another, eventually one of them reaches a point where it drops an octave, leaving the others to continue rising, they then follow the same pattern (drop an octave, rise again), creating the illusion of a never ending pitch increase. Pretty neat trick. |
Other | Did people during The Medieval Ages know about ancient Greeks,Romans? | [
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] | Well, "sure" is a matter of degree. Scholars can read ancient languages, in fact there are [textbooks for Egyptian hieroglyphics]( URL_0 ). We can read events, and then try to match those events to celestial events like comets for which the exact timing can be calculated through physics. History is a rich and complex field of study and we've been serious about it for thousands of years. |
Mathematics | Why do we call 3D functions "vector functions" and call its output "a set of vectors"? | [
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] | Not really. However you think about it, you've got a function of 3 variables that returns a 3-variable output: [u,v,w] = F(x,y,z) In some applications (for example, mapping), interpreting the output as a set of new points in space is appropriate. But for many applications, it's not. For instance, [u,v,w] could be the components of wind velocity at every [x,y,z] point in the atmosphere, or the components of the gravitational acceleration at every point near the Earth. In these cases, the output is best thought of as a little vector "arrow" at each point in space. |
Other | What is the line between the first amendment and hate crimes? | [
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] | The actually acting on it part. If you are wondering about the line between freedom of speech and hate speech then that is a little harder. Freedom of speech mostly just covers the governments inability to arrest you for opinions. You can be arrested for speech/media that includes inciting violence, defamation, perjury, child pornography, incitement to illegal action, true threats, soliciting crimes... All sorts of stuff. Hate speech can fall under almost any of those. Free speech just means the government can’t arrest you for complaining about the government. |
Technology | why do blow dryers consume so much power? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these rubric criterias:\nFactual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.\nRelevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.\nClarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.\nDepth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.\nConciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.\n\nResponse Format rules:\n- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.\n- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.\nFor example, your response follow this format:\n<answer>\n[Your final detailed answer goes here]\n</answer>\n why do blow dryers consume so much power?",
"role": "user"
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] | We generally don't realize how much energy it takes to generate heat. Our electronics are so efficient that they use far less energy than is created by, say, a large candle. My entire gaming computer only produces maybe 200 watts, or 6 tea candles' worth of heat. That's really not a lot. A blowdryer, meanwhile, is more like 56 tea candles. It is making the air quite hot, and moving a *lot* of that air. |
Chemistry | Which of the two types of weapons, chemical and biological, is more lethal and effective in the long run? | [
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] | Biological weapons are more lethal over time because they (hypothetically) self-replicate. Chemical weapons degrade over time, but their biological counterparts can inoculate new victims and remain in dormant forms in the soil long enough for unprotected fools to catch it again. Fundamentaly both chemical and biological weapons require quarantine in the targeted area, but biological weapons can be carried by hosts over other areas. However, biological weapons *can* be fought by the immune system (assuming the perpetrators didn't cook up abominations like ebolaids), while chemical weapons cripple extremely vital biomolecular processes in the body, leading to organ shutdown and death. Overall, chemical weapons are deadlier in the short run. |
Technology | How exactly do you get code onto other pieces of tech? | [
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] | You generally need to cross compile code for the target machine if using a language like C/C++. A cross compiler creates executable code for a platform other than the one on which the compiler is running. (Using a language like Java, you would not need to do this as long as the target you are running the code on has a JVM. But note that Java is usually used only for higher level software like applications) Once you have the code, you need to upload the code on the target device. The device you want to run the code on will usually have a startup function or program that initializes and spawns threads for many other programs. You could then call the start of your program from that main function. There are obviously many steps in between and after that you might need to take care of. For instance, if your program uses the camera, you might need to ensure that while startup the camera driver is initialized and your API is linked and compatible with the drivers interface. You might have to use code that the specific OS recognizes like timers, sleep, threads etc. |
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