Datasets:
comment_id
int32 1
50.1k
| annotator_id
int32 1
11.1k
| platform
int8 0
3
| sentiment
float64 0
4
| respect
float64 0
4
| insult
float64 0
4
| humiliate
float64 0
4
| status
float64 0
4
| dehumanize
float64 0
4
| violence
float64 0
4
| genocide
float64 0
4
| attack_defend
float64 0
4
| hatespeech
float64 0
2
| hate_speech_score
float64 -8.34
6.3
| text
stringlengths 7
603
| infitms
float64 0.1
5.9
| outfitms
float64 0.07
9
| annotator_severity
float64 -1.82
1.36
| std_err
float64 0.02
1.9
| annotator_infitms
float64 0.39
2.01
| annotator_outfitms
float64 0.28
9
| hypothesis
float64 -1.58
0.99
| target_race_asian
bool 2
classes | target_race_black
bool 2
classes | target_race_latinx
bool 2
classes | target_race_middle_eastern
bool 2
classes | target_race_native_american
bool 2
classes | target_race_pacific_islander
bool 2
classes | target_race_white
bool 2
classes | target_race_other
bool 2
classes | target_race
bool 2
classes | target_religion_atheist
bool 2
classes | target_religion_buddhist
bool 2
classes | target_religion_christian
bool 2
classes | target_religion_hindu
bool 2
classes | target_religion_jewish
bool 2
classes | target_religion_mormon
bool 2
classes | target_religion_muslim
bool 2
classes | target_religion_other
bool 2
classes | target_religion
bool 2
classes | target_origin_immigrant
bool 2
classes | target_origin_migrant_worker
bool 2
classes | target_origin_specific_country
bool 2
classes | target_origin_undocumented
bool 2
classes | target_origin_other
bool 2
classes | target_origin
bool 2
classes | target_gender_men
bool 2
classes | target_gender_non_binary
bool 2
classes | target_gender_transgender_men
bool 2
classes | target_gender_transgender_unspecified
bool 2
classes | target_gender_transgender_women
bool 2
classes | target_gender_women
bool 2
classes | target_gender_other
bool 2
classes | target_gender
bool 2
classes | target_sexuality_bisexual
bool 2
classes | target_sexuality_gay
bool 2
classes | target_sexuality_lesbian
bool 2
classes | target_sexuality_straight
bool 2
classes | target_sexuality_other
bool 2
classes | target_sexuality
bool 2
classes | target_age_children
bool 2
classes | target_age_teenagers
bool 2
classes | target_age_young_adults
bool 2
classes | target_age_middle_aged
bool 2
classes | target_age_seniors
bool 2
classes | target_age_other
bool 2
classes | target_age
bool 2
classes | target_disability_physical
bool 2
classes | target_disability_cognitive
bool 2
classes | target_disability_neurological
bool 2
classes | target_disability_visually_impaired
bool 2
classes | target_disability_hearing_impaired
bool 2
classes | target_disability_unspecific
bool 2
classes | target_disability_other
bool 2
classes | target_disability
bool 2
classes | annotator_gender
stringclasses 5
values | annotator_trans
stringclasses 3
values | annotator_educ
stringclasses 8
values | annotator_income
stringclasses 5
values | annotator_ideology
stringclasses 8
values | annotator_gender_men
bool 2
classes | annotator_gender_women
bool 2
classes | annotator_gender_non_binary
bool 2
classes | annotator_gender_prefer_not_to_say
bool 2
classes | annotator_gender_self_describe
bool 2
classes | annotator_transgender
bool 2
classes | annotator_cisgender
bool 2
classes | annotator_transgender_prefer_not_to_say
bool 2
classes | annotator_education_some_high_school
bool 2
classes | annotator_education_high_school_grad
bool 2
classes | annotator_education_some_college
bool 2
classes | annotator_education_college_grad_aa
bool 2
classes | annotator_education_college_grad_ba
bool 2
classes | annotator_education_professional_degree
bool 2
classes | annotator_education_masters
bool 2
classes | annotator_education_phd
bool 2
classes | annotator_income_<10k
bool 2
classes | annotator_income_10k-50k
bool 2
classes | annotator_income_50k-100k
bool 2
classes | annotator_income_100k-200k
bool 2
classes | annotator_income_>200k
bool 2
classes | annotator_ideology_extremeley_conservative
bool 2
classes | annotator_ideology_conservative
bool 2
classes | annotator_ideology_slightly_conservative
bool 2
classes | annotator_ideology_neutral
bool 2
classes | annotator_ideology_slightly_liberal
bool 2
classes | annotator_ideology_liberal
bool 2
classes | annotator_ideology_extremeley_liberal
bool 1
class | annotator_ideology_no_opinion
bool 2
classes | annotator_race_asian
bool 2
classes | annotator_race_black
bool 2
classes | annotator_race_latinx
bool 2
classes | annotator_race_middle_eastern
bool 2
classes | annotator_race_native_american
bool 2
classes | annotator_race_pacific_islander
bool 2
classes | annotator_race_white
bool 2
classes | annotator_race_other
bool 2
classes | annotator_age
float64 18
81
⌀ | annotator_religion_atheist
bool 2
classes | annotator_religion_buddhist
bool 2
classes | annotator_religion_christian
bool 2
classes | annotator_religion_hindu
bool 2
classes | annotator_religion_jewish
bool 2
classes | annotator_religion_mormon
bool 2
classes | annotator_religion_muslim
bool 2
classes | annotator_religion_nothing
bool 2
classes | annotator_religion_other
bool 2
classes | annotator_sexuality_bisexual
bool 2
classes | annotator_sexuality_gay
bool 2
classes | annotator_sexuality_straight
bool 2
classes | annotator_sexuality_other
bool 2
classes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
47,777 | 10,873 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -3.9 | Yes indeed. She sort of reminds me of the elder lady that played the part in the movie "Titanic" who was telling her story!!! And I wouldn't have wanted to cover who I really am!! I would be proud!!!! WE should be proud of our race no matter what it is!! | 0.81 | 1.88 | 0.36 | 0.34 | 1.35 | 1.23 | -1.130178 | true | true | true | true | true | true | true | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | male | no | college_grad_ba | <10k | neutral | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | 25 | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false |
39,773 | 2,790 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | -6.52 | The trans women reading this tweet right now is beautiful | 0.96 | 0.43 | -0.35 | 1 | 0.57 | 0.42 | -1.146973 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | female | no | some_college | <10k | neutral | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | 30 | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false |
47,101 | 3,379 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 0.36 | Question: These 4 broads who criticize America, what country did they flee to get here? And now they want to make OUR America like THEIR former HELL HOLE. I don't think so!!!!!!!!!! Let them explain their GRATITUDE for letting them in OUR country. | 0.9 | 0.74 | -0.48 | 0.31 | 1.16 | 0.67 | -0.207369 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | male | no | some_college | 100k-200k | slightly_conservative | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | 41 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | true | false |
43,625 | 7,365 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0.26 | It is about time for all illegals to go back to their country of origin and keep our freeway open and prevent heavy traffic. | 0.81 | 0.68 | 0.86 | 0.29 | 1.18 | 0.87 | -0.055536 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | male | no | high_school_grad | 10k-50k | neutral | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | 42 | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false |
12,538 | 488 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1.54 | For starters bend over the one in pink and kick that ass and pussy to get a taste until she's begging for a dick inside her. | 0.76 | 0.63 | -0.54 | 0.51 | 0.95 | 1 | 0.104225 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | female | no | masters | 10k-50k | neutral | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | 27 | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false |
11,001 | 527 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | -4.93 | Sounds like the kinda wholsesome life I'd die for ❤️ never met any black Lesbians before so i guess you're my first ever. | 0.59 | 0.23 | -0.28 | 0.48 | 0.6 | 0.56 | -1.186106 | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | male | no | high_school_grad | 10k-50k | extremely_liberal | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | 30 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | true | false |
13,168 | 3,275 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 0.17 | Who the fuck is this insignificant simple minded redneck? When he gets a vagina he can decide what he wants to do with it. | 1.11 | 0.96 | -0.21 | 0.3 | 0.92 | 0.71 | -0.047389 | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | male | no | high_school_grad | 50k-100k | extremely_conservative | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | 37 | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false |
17,034 | 6,801 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 2.08 | Fuck off you insufferable retarded faggot. | 0.75 | 0.96 | 0.38 | 0.36 | 0.92 | 0.81 | 0.446312 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | male | no | college_grad_ba | 100k-200k | extremely_liberal | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | 47 | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false |
40,171 | 10,363 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | -0.66 | OMG! The EGO's of these young, young, inexperienced women display are remarkable! So self absorbed - so, so proud of the mistakes their constituents all made in giving them a bit of power. They'll be quite surprised to find that the vast majority of Americans think that these women represent the very WORST of "modern" America. Egos out of control !! | 0.92 | 0.77 | -0.99 | 0.34 | 1.3 | 2.08 | -0.199284 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | female | no | college_grad_aa | 50k-100k | slightly_conservative | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | 35 | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false |
1,006 | 10,615 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 2 | -0.38 | Worthless whore, these tits with look nice with bite marks and cum | 1.06 | 0.88 | -1.19 | 0.35 | 0.98 | 0.85 | 0.452932 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | female | no | masters | 50k-100k | extremely_liberal | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | 30 | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false |
23,643 | 9,750 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | -3.6 | 9) uhhhh i like being lgbt a lot. i feel proud of what i have done to help others in my community | 0.7 | 0.31 | 0.61 | 0.36 | 1.04 | 0.76 | -1.205321 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | true | true | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | female | no | college_grad_ba | 10k-50k | liberal | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | 30 | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false |
14,241 | 7,331 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | -0.5 | Instagram refugees lmao, let's build a wall instead | 0.6 | 0.53 | -0.54 | 0.42 | 0.92 | 0.77 | -0.221611 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | male | no | college_grad_ba | 100k-200k | liberal | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | 64 | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false |
20,583 | 7,259 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | -2.43 | @terryelaineh1 @UKLabour Why do 3.8 million #50sWomen not constitute "The Many" not the few? Why is Labour not supporting women who've contributed all their working lives, paid for past pensions and NOW still paying, just for being women over 60! #BackTo60 #OneVoice #JudicialReview #CEDAW | 2.66 | 2.15 | 0.52 | 0.37 | 1.43 | 1.45 | -0.678335 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | male | no | college_grad_aa | 50k-100k | neutral | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | 33 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | true | false |
30,879 | 1,329 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | -1.8 | I said it yesterday, I knew this is about to go down. Mangalore: Police now booked those Hindus who caught Ansari in the act of rap!ng that poor calf under sections 506, 504 (intentional insult with intent to provoke breach of peace), 323 & 153A. Judiciary is the most corrupt. URL | 0.43 | 0.51 | -0.01 | 0.42 | 1.35 | 1.63 | -0.327224 | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | female | no | some_college | 50k-100k | conservative | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | 47 | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false |
29,527 | 2,171 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0.99 | White Small Little Invisible Clits Are A Disgrace 🤢 Pay Me For You Having Such a Small Disgraceful Useless Object Kik GoddesssJayy #Findom #Sph #Whiteslave #Humiliation #Pindick #Cashslave #Cuck #Cuckold #EbonyDomme | 0.59 | 0.55 | 0.74 | 0.31 | 1.21 | 1.58 | 0.243318 | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | female | no | college_grad_ba | 10k-50k | liberal | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | true | false | false | true | false | true | false | 46 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | true | false |
23,016 | 10,173 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -3.09 | Ladies buy a gun learn how to use it effectively and kill these mother fuckers. URL | 1.17 | 0.49 | 0 | 0.38 | 0.78 | 0.76 | 0.23959 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | male | no | some_college | 10k-50k | conservative | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | 25 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | true | false | false | false |
22,819 | 9,912 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | -1.85 | @ghostofthor same energy as the "YOU DONT LOOK INDIAN STOP LYING ABOUT BEING SOUTH ASIAN" cc | 0.71 | 0.44 | -0.02 | 0.31 | 0.96 | 0.85 | -0.990813 | true | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | male | no | college_grad_aa | 10k-50k | liberal | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | 34 | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false |
36,534 | 9,312 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 1.62 | @suddenlywestan Because you are a country of mentally ill terrorists. Whoever says different is an enabler, ignorant and blind to endless/countless wars and aggression and the death rate by American terrorist acts. Fuck you American scum! | 1.03 | 0.98 | -0.14 | 0.35 | 0.99 | 1.07 | 0.320763 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | true | false | false | false | false | true | female | no | college_grad_ba | 10k-50k | conservative | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | 27 | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false |
7,287 | 4,546 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 1 | This sub is full of grade A faggots Comedy fucking Ebola | 0.66 | 0.57 | 0.25 | 0.33 | 0.87 | 0.83 | 0.346855 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | true | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | male | no | some_college | 10k-50k | liberal | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | 33 | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false |
32,074 | 5,487 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | -2.88 | Progress 👍 LGBT rights in Europe: Some countries 'moving backwards on equality for first time in a decade' | Euronews URL #NewsSuite URL | 0.45 | 0.24 | -0.1 | 0.29 | 0.78 | 0.89 | -1.166478 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | true | true | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | female | no | some_high_school | 10k-50k | liberal | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | 34 | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false |
46,526 | 3,863 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | -0.76 | Joshua Lelo so you have seen all actors from every community and have deducted no one beats Scarlett? Another African with inferiority complex 🤦🏾♀️. | 0.7 | 0.63 | 0.35 | 0.29 | 0.72 | 0.68 | -0.565168 | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | male | no | college_grad_ba | 100k-200k | extremely_liberal | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | true | false | 38 | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false |
30,683 | 2,576 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | -0.66 | He is a racist just like his Father who tried to keep blacks out of his housing Apts back in the day. URL | 0.93 | 0.64 | 0.59 | 0.34 | 1.21 | 1.21 | -0.288919 | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | male | no | high_school_grad | 10k-50k | liberal | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | 62 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | true | false |
15,758 | 8,749 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | -2.05 | No, they only do that to black people | 0.46 | 0.72 | 0.47 | 0.3 | 0.62 | 0.38 | -0.262152 | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | male | no | college_grad_aa | <10k | extremely_liberal | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | 23 | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false |
14,868 | 3,948 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | -4.09 | Many of the families who are being separated at the border and who are being kept in poor conditions did try to cross legally, through legal ports of entry seeking asylum. | 0.97 | 0.34 | -0.4 | 0.37 | 0.8 | 0.71 | -0.782955 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | true | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | male | no | phd | 50k-100k | liberal | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | 36 | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false |
11,817 | 3,559 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 1.77 | Get rid of them and their anchor babies and grand babies. Fucking worthless guinees | 0.74 | 0.66 | 0.12 | 0.33 | 0.71 | 0.64 | 0.426784 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | male | no | college_grad_ba | 50k-100k | slightly_liberal | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | 36 | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false |
4,373 | 5,717 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | -0.85 | So hot!!! Wish she squirted in my mouth 💦 | 1.24 | 1.09 | 0.2 | 0.41 | 1.03 | 0.98 | -0.18453 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | male | no | college_grad_ba | 10k-50k | neutral | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | 33 | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false |
1,323 | 2,017 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | -5.42 | Thank you for posting this! Gives us other "normal" women confidence. We all aren't skinny, or shaved, of perky. Doesn't mean we still aren't sexy. | 1.38 | 0.87 | -0.04 | 0.51 | 0.53 | 0.37 | -1.102327 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | female | no | some_college | 10k-50k | extremely_liberal | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | 39 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | true | false |
38,126 | 6,701 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | -0.88 | Y'all always slip up and say how y'all see women period because this includes the majority of women in yall lives that's not related to you. Especially since men demand pussy just from taking you out, selling you weed or even being nice to you. Niggas can't even be friends lol URL | 1.09 | 0.82 | 0.2 | 0.34 | 0.91 | 0.63 | -0.187778 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | female | no | college_grad_aa | 50k-100k | conservative | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | 34 | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false |
26,362 | 2,689 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | -1.76 | okay but am i the only one who keep thinking that the tarzan song, "you'll be in my heart" by phil collins is such a gay rights themed song. URL | 0.57 | 0.37 | 0.5 | 0.35 | 0.83 | 0.74 | -0.976074 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | female | no | college_grad_ba | 10k-50k | slightly_liberal | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | 23 | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false |
5,410 | 123 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | -0.83 | Them - DON'T YOU DARE OBJECTIFY US!! Also them - Gets publicly naked as much as fucking possible. | 0.45 | 0.4 | 0.04 | 0.3 | 0.81 | 0.76 | -0.629415 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | male | no | college_grad_ba | 10k-50k | liberal | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | 33 | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false |
39,276 | 44 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1.28 | @KeGutta These niggas straight bitches | 0.89 | 0.75 | -0.37 | 0.46 | 1.07 | 0.97 | -0.126042 | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | female | no | college_grad_ba | 50k-100k | slightly_conservative | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | 53 | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false |
32,811 | 3,540 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0.14 | Cold hoe that's a must, bitch body A plus, bitch pussy A1 | 1.22 | 1.05 | 0.46 | 0.42 | 0.71 | 0.6 | -0.105618 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | male | no | masters | 100k-200k | neutral | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | 29 | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false |
33,729 | 3,610 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | -2.36 | Da real white thug | 1.3 | 1.48 | -0.09 | 0.36 | 0.76 | 0.73 | -0.383547 | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | female | no | college_grad_ba | 10k-50k | liberal | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | 36 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | true | false |
47,480 | 8,856 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | -0.11 | Deport AOC and friends to mexico! Tell them if they want to help the problem to start there! Problem solved for all! | 0.65 | 0.56 | -0.12 | 0.29 | 1.84 | 3.12 | -0.210612 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | female | no | some_college | 50k-100k | neutral | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | 62 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | true | false |
10,694 | 8,325 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -5.59 | You are an amazing dad! Don't forget that girls can have crush's on other girls too. My mom always asked me is I like anyone rather than any boys and would always talk about "when you bring home a boyfriend or girlfriend" which got old once it became clear I was straight but was still the right approach. | 0.72 | 0.19 | -0.3 | 0.71 | 0.74 | 6.58 | -1.18458 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | female | no | college_grad_ba | 10k-50k | liberal | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | 39 | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false |
1,031 | 5,754 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | -2.78 | I'd suck that cock dry and then fill all your holes with cum 😉 | 0.14 | 0.09 | 0.15 | 0.65 | 0.79 | 0.87 | 0.31138 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | male | no | college_grad_aa | 50k-100k | liberal | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | true | false | 26 | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false |
48,834 | 8,072 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | -1.99 | @LT Wilson I think you are a joke for assuming and being so negative and prudish. She clearly hasn't slept with everyone and bullies like you ridiculous. | 1.05 | 0.66 | -0.23 | 0.6 | 1.22 | 1.26 | -0.319046 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | true | false | false | true | true | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | male | no | masters | 100k-200k | extremely_liberal | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | 25 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | true | false |
43,341 | 5,860 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 1.02 | Dwight Howard is a undercover Faggot, this guy was caught on camera fondling Isiah Canaan penis when you were playing for the Rockets. Dwight's career is over because he's softer than marmalade and he couldn't shoot a beach ball into a ocean. | 0.52 | 0.49 | 0.28 | 0.32 | 0.77 | 0.51 | 0.202971 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | female | no | some_college | 10k-50k | extremely_liberal | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | 33 | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false |
47,870 | 227 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | -0.16 | At this point joe is a retard that cares about transgender playing sports. Sad to see | 0.58 | 0.43 | 0.89 | 0.59 | 0.86 | 0.66 | -0.165925 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | male | no | college_grad_aa | 10k-50k | slightly_liberal | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | 31 | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false |
49,895 | 9,488 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | -4 | Hero Rohit Sharma love From Pakistan😍😍 | 1.07 | 0.54 | -0.7 | 0.48 | 1.28 | 1.35 | -1.280583 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | female | no | high_school_grad | 50k-100k | neutral | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | 71 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | true | false |
37,291 | 8,201 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 2 | -0.15 | stupid ugly ass cracker is somehow going to avoid getting the death penalty | 0.81 | 0.73 | -0.15 | 0.34 | 0.99 | 1.02 | 0.468282 | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | female | no | masters | 50k-100k | liberal | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | 39 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | true | false |
11,121 | 2,218 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 | -1.67 | They wanna fuck so bad, just do it already, nobody cares if you're gay. | 0.57 | 0.54 | -0.58 | 0.3 | 0.95 | 0.96 | -0.259232 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | true | true | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | female | no | high_school_grad | 10k-50k | liberal | false | true | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | 26 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | true | false | false |
38,307 | 8,115 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | -0.31 | Niggas shone fr i bought ah nigga ah sub from da corner sto... too easy | 1.54 | 1.33 | -0.09 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.64 | -0.368995 | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | male | no | some_college | 10k-50k | neutral | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | 49 | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false |
19,352 | 9,715 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | -4.67 | As a slightly feminine top I appreciate all masc bottoms that enjoy a dude like me | 0.55 | 0.24 | -0.49 | 0.48 | 0.96 | 0.65 | -1.113924 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | male | no | some_college | <10k | liberal | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | 49 | false | false | false | false | false | false | false | true | false | false | false | true | false |
Dataset card for Measuring Hate Speech
This is a public release of the dataset described in Kennedy et al. (2020) and Sachdeva et al. (2022), consisting of 39,565 comments annotated by 7,912 annotators, for 135,556 combined rows. The primary outcome variable is the "hate speech score" but the 10 constituent ordinal labels (sentiment, (dis)respect, insult, humiliation, inferior status, violence, dehumanization, genocide, attack/defense, hate speech benchmark) can also be treated as outcomes. Includes 8 target identity groups (race/ethnicity, religion, national origin/citizenship, gender, sexual orientation, age, disability, political ideology) and 42 target identity subgroups, as well as 6 annotator demographics and 40 subgroups. The hate speech score incorporates an IRT adjustment by estimating variation in annotator interpretation of the labeling guidelines.
This dataset card is a work in progress and will be improved over time.
Key dataset columns
- hate_speech_score - continuous hate speech measure, where higher = more hateful and lower = less hateful. > 0.5 is approximately hate speech, < -1 is counter or supportive speech, and -1 to +0.5 is neutral or ambiguous.
- text - lightly processed text of a social media post
- comment_id - unique ID for each comment
- annotator_id - unique ID for each annotator
- sentiment - ordinal label that is combined into the continuous score
- respect - ordinal label that is combined into the continuous score
- insult - ordinal label that is combined into the continuous score
- humiliate - ordinal label that is combined into the continuous score
- status - ordinal label that is combined into the continuous score
- dehumanize - ordinal label that is combined into the continuous score
- violence - ordinal label that is combined into the continuous score
- genocide - ordinal label that is combined into the continuous score
- attack_defend - ordinal label that is combined into the continuous score
- hatespeech - ordinal label that is combined into the continuous score
- annotator_severity - annotator's estimated survey interpretation bias
Code to download
The dataset can be downloaded using the following python code:
import datasets
dataset = datasets.load_dataset('ucberkeley-dlab/measuring-hate-speech', 'binary')
df = dataset['train'].to_pandas()
df.describe()
Citation
@article{kennedy2020constructing,
title={Constructing interval variables via faceted Rasch measurement and multitask deep learning: a hate speech application},
author={Kennedy, Chris J and Bacon, Geoff and Sahn, Alexander and von Vacano, Claudia},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2009.10277},
year={2020}
}
Contributions
Dataset curated by @ck37, @pssachdeva, et al.
References
Kennedy, C. J., Bacon, G., Sahn, A., & von Vacano, C. (2020). Constructing interval variables via faceted Rasch measurement and multitask deep learning: a hate speech application. arXiv preprint arXiv:2009.10277.
Pratik Sachdeva, Renata Barreto, Geoff Bacon, Alexander Sahn, Claudia von Vacano, and Chris Kennedy. 2022. The Measuring Hate Speech Corpus: Leveraging Rasch Measurement Theory for Data Perspectivism. In Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Perspectivist Approaches to NLP @LREC2022, pages 83–94, Marseille, France. European Language Resources Association.
- Downloads last month
- 878