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27.8M
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|---|---|---|---|---|
17,279,058 | Is endogenous estrogen associated with cognitive performance before , during , or after menopause? | {
"contexts": [
"In a population-based sample of women (45, 50, or 55 years old), behavioral data and blood serum were collected concurrently, enabling us (1) to investigate cognitive differences among premenopausal, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal groups of women and (2) to evaluate the relationship between blood estrogen levels and cognitive performance.",
"Groups of premenopausal (n = 129), perimenopausal (n = 58), and postmenopausal (n = 55) women were tested on tasks assessing episodic and semantic memory, verbal fluency, visuospatial performance, and face recognition. Blood serum was collected concurrently for analyses of estrogen levels.",
"With inclusion of controls for age and education, results showed that there were no differences in cognitive performance among premenopausal, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal groups of women. In addition, there were no associations between blood estrogen levels and cognitive performance."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Age Factors",
"Attention",
"Cognition",
"Cohort Studies",
"Estrogens",
"Female",
"Follicle Stimulating Hormone",
"Humans",
"Menopause",
"Mental Recall",
"Middle Aged",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Women's Health"
]
} | These results do not support the hypothesis that estrogen or menopausal status affects cognitive performance in middle-aged women. | no |
22,773,318 | Are physical activity/fitness peaks during perimenopause and BMI change patterns associated with baseline activity/fitness in women : a longitudinal study with a median 7-year follow-up? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the age-associated longitudinal trends in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), leisure-time physical activity (PA), and body mass index (BMI) across the lifespan in a cohort of adult women.",
"The sample included 1467 women from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study who were 30-79 years old at baseline and had 3-22 health examinations between 1971 and 2006. CRF was quantified by maximal Balke treadmill exercise tests. The total metabolic equivalent-minutes/week of self-reported PA and measured BMI (kg/m(2)) were calculated.",
"The overall pattern of CRF decreased over time. After age 60 years, fitness level tended to decline rapidly. Women at age 50 had the highest PA level, which decreased after age 50 and plateaued at age 60. The overall pattern of BMI increased with age. However, after age 60 years the rate of increase in BMI became much slower. Adjusting for smoking, health status, and the individual exposures of CRF, PA and BMI did not influence the observed associations. Women who did not meet current PA recommendation or those who were low fit at baseline had a higher BMI throughout adulthood than their more active or fit peers, but the trajectory of BMI was unassociated with baseline activity or fitness levels."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aging",
"Body Mass Index",
"Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena",
"Exercise",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Leisure Activities",
"Middle Aged",
"Perimenopause",
"Physical Fitness"
]
} | We concluded that the age-related longitudinal patterns in physical activity and fitness are not linear. Baseline activity and fitness levels are associated with BMI status during adulthood, but do not affect BMI change trajectory. | no |
21,892,111 | Is c-reactive protein associated with aortic stiffness in a cohort of African American and white women transitioning through menopause? | {
"contexts": [
"Arterial stiffness is a marker of cardiovascular health. Arterial stiffness and C-reactive protein (CRP) are linked to cardiovascular outcomes. Increases in both inflammation and arterial stiffness are known to occur with menopause. The association between CRP and arterial stiffness is well accepted; however, no study has determined whether there are differences in this association by menopause status and race, independent of age.",
"The cross-sectional association between CRP and aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV), a validated measure of central arterial stiffening, was evaluated in 307 African American and white women enrolled in an ancillary study to the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. Women were categorized into premenopausal or early perimenopausal (n = 185) and late perimenopausal or postmenopausal (n = 122).",
"Natural log-transformed CRP was not associated with PWV in a linear regression model adjusted for age and cardiovascular risk factors (β = 15.9, P = 0.11). Moreover, models stratified by menopause status showed a linear relationship between CRP and PWV among late perimenopausal or postmenopausal women (β = 36.2, P = 0.049) but not for premenopausal or early perimenopausal women (β = 5.9, P = 0.61). The menopause status × log-transformed CRP and menopause status × race interactions were significant in their respective models adjusted for age and risk factors (P = 0.03 for both); however, when combined into one model, the two interactions were slightly attenuated (P = 0.063 and 0.052, respectively)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"African Americans",
"Aorta",
"C-Reactive Protein",
"Cardiovascular Diseases",
"Elasticity Imaging Techniques",
"European Continental Ancestry Group",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Middle Aged",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Perimenopause",
"Postmenopause",
"Premenopause",
"Ultrasonography, Doppler"
]
} | Menopause is strengthening the association between CRP and PWV, independent of age, and this effect seems to be stronger among African American women. This study provides a potential mechanism for the increased risk of cardiovascular disease among postmenopausal women. | yes |
22,334,057 | Does menopause affect pain depending on pain type and characteristics? | {
"contexts": [
"Women are more affected than men by many chronic pain conditions, suggesting the effect of sex-related mechanisms in their occurrence. The role of gonadal hormones has been studied but with contrasting results depending on the pain syndrome, reproductive status, and hormone considered. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the pain changes related to the menopausal transition period.",
"In this observational study, postmenopausal women were asked to evaluate the presence of pain in their life during the premenopausal and postmenopausal periods and its modification with menopause.",
"One hundred one women were enrolled and completed questionnaires on their sociodemographic status, pain characteristics, and evolution. The most common pain syndromes were headache (38%), osteoarticular pain (31%), and cervical/lumbar pain (21%). Pain was present before menopause in 66 women, ceased with menopause in 17, and started after menopause in 18. Data were used for cluster analysis, which allowed the division of participants into four groups. In the first, all women experienced headaches that disappeared or improved with menopause. The second group included osteoarticular pain; the pain improved in half of these women and remained stable in the other half. The third group had cervical/lumbar pain, which disappeared or improved with menopause in all. The fourth group presented different kinds of moderate pain, which worsened in all."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Abdominal Pain",
"Arthralgia",
"Back Pain",
"Chronic Pain",
"Cluster Analysis",
"Female",
"Fibromyalgia",
"Headache",
"Humans",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"Pain",
"Pain Measurement",
"Postmenopause",
"Premenopause",
"Recurrence",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Statistics, Nonparametric",
"Surveys and Questionnaires"
]
} | The present study provides preliminary data suggesting that menopause can affect pain depending on the painful condition experienced by the woman. This underlines the different interactions of menopause-related events with body structures involved in pain. | yes |
15,037,410 | Is age at natural menopause linked with the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor region : a sib-pair study? | {
"contexts": [
"Studies have shown that age at natural menopause is heritable. Mutations in the FSH-receptor have been identified in women with premature ovarian failure (POF) and the FSH-receptor gene may, therefore, be considered a candidate gene for (early) menopausal age. This study investigates whether there is linkage between genetic markers in the FSH-receptor region and (early) age at menopause using a sib-pair design.",
"Sib-pair based linkage analysis.",
"Sister pairs and their first-degree family members from The Netherlands.",
"The inclusion criteria for a family were natural menopause in upper or lower tail of the distribution of menopausal age in at least two sisters. A total of 126 families with at least one sib-pair were included in this study. Six polymorphic markers encompassing the FSH-receptor gene were genotyped.",
"None.",
"Single point and multipoint logarithm of the odds (LOD) scores.",
"None of the markers showed evidence in favor of linkage with overall age at natural menopause or early age at natural menopause."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aging",
"Female",
"Genetic Linkage",
"Humans",
"Lod Score",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"Receptors, FSH"
]
} | Possibly, age at natural menopause in the more or less normal range is not part of the spectrum of phenotypes determined by mutations in the FSH-receptor gene. Alternatively, our results might be explained by genetic heterogeneity in the left tail of the distribution of menopausal age. This can limit the chance of finding a genetic locus, especially if this factor has a modest contribution to the phenotype. | no |
11,595,778 | Are obesity and sarcopenia after menopause reversed by sex hormone replacement therapy? | {
"contexts": [
"Menopause is linked to an increase in fat mass and a decrease in lean mass exceeding age-related changes, possibly related to reduced output of ovarian steroids. In this study we examined the effect of combined postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the total and regional distribution of fat and lean body mass.",
"Sixteen healthy postmenopausal women (age: 55 +/- 3 years) were studied in a placebo-controlled, crossover study and were randomized to 17beta estradiol plus cyclic norethisterone acetate (HRT) or placebo in two 12-week periods separated by a 3-month washout. Total and regional body composition was measured by DXA at baseline and in the 10th treatment week in both periods. Changes were compared by a paired Student's t test.",
"The change in body weight during HRT was equal to the change during placebo (-24.6 g vs. -164 g, p = 0.42), but relative fat mass was significantly reduced (-0.5% vs. +1.24%, p < 0.01). During HRT, compared with during placebo, lean body mass increased (+347 g vs. -996 g, p < 0.01) and total fat mass decreased (-400 g vs. +836 g, p = 0.06). Total bone mineral content increased (+28.9 g vs. -4.4 g, p = 0.04) and abdominal fat decreased (-185 g vs. +253 g, p = 0.04) during HRT compared with placebo."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Absorptiometry, Photon",
"Adipose Tissue",
"Body Composition",
"Bone Density",
"Cross-Over Studies",
"Double-Blind Method",
"Estradiol",
"Estrogen Replacement Therapy",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Middle Aged",
"Muscular Atrophy",
"Norethindrone",
"Obesity",
"Postmenopause",
"Progesterone Congeners"
]
} | HRT is linked to the reversal of both menopause-related obesity and loss of lean mass, without overall change in body weight. The increase in lean body mass during HRT is likely explained by muscle anabolism, which in turn, prevents disease in the elderly. | yes |
11,919,494 | Does the impact of pregnancy and menopause on CD4 lymphocyte count in HIV-infected women? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine indirectly the effect of changes in levels of reproductive hormones on CD4 lymphocyte counts by investigating the impact of pregnancy and menopause on CD4 lymphocyte counts in HIV-infected women.",
"Participants were 382 women with a known interval of HIV seroconversion. Review of questionnaires or patient charts provided information on pregnancy and menopause. A linear regression model with a random intercept and slope, which adjusts for multiple CD4 lymphocyte counts per woman, was applied to estimate the CD4 decline following HIV seroconversion and to evaluate the effect of pregnancy and menopause on the CD4 path.",
"The 382 women had a median age of 25 years at seroconversion and yielded 1428 CD4 lymphocyte counts from 3 to 10 years after seroconversion. At 3 years from seroconversion, 20 women had passed the menopause (i.e., the last menses) and five more subsequently passed this point during follow-up; 25 women had a pregnancy after study entry. Postmenopausal women had lower CD4 lymphocyte counts 3 years after seroconversion than premenopausal women (333 vs 399 x 106 cells/l; P = 0.09), and pregnant women had lower counts than non-pregnant women (375 vs 399 x 106 cells/l; P = 0.36). The monthly CD4 decline was not associated with pregnancy and menopause. Adjustment for age did not change the results."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"CD4 Lymphocyte Count",
"Cohort Studies",
"Female",
"HIV Infections",
"Humans",
"Menopause",
"Pregnancy",
"Pregnancy Complications, Infectious"
]
} | The results suggest that CD4 lymphocyte counts differ between pre- and postmenopausal women, perhaps because of changes in the level of reproductive hormones in the menopause, but associations were not statistically significant. Pregnancy had no statistically significant effect on CD4 lymphocyte counts. | yes |
12,615,819 | Is poor response to ovulation induction a stronger predictor of early menopause than elevated basal FSH : a life table analysis? | {
"contexts": [
"During the course of assisted reproduction treatment, a number of women exhibit a \"poor response\" to ovulation induction, or demonstrate an elevated basal FSH level (> or =10 IU/l) at a young age. We sought to determine whether these women are at increased risk of early menopause and poor reproductive performance.",
"A retrospective cohort study included 118 \"poor responders\" with normal basal FSH level (<10 IU/l), 164 women with raised basal FSH (> or =10 IU/l), and 265 controls, who underwent assisted reproduction treatment between 1987 and 1998. All women were < 40 years of age at the time of treatment and had normal menstrual cycles. Participants were sent a postal questionnaire in 2000-2001, seeking information on ovarian function and reproductive performance following cessation of treatment.",
"After adjusting for age and smoking habits, women with poor response and raised basal FSH levels were more likely to experience symptoms of the peri-menopause [hazard ratios 2.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.52-3.78, and 2.76, 95% CI 1.78-4.29 respectively, P = 0.0001]. Poor responders were six times and 23 times more likely to experience the menopause within 10 years of treatment than those with raised basal FSH levels and controls respectively (hazard ratio 5.97 and 23.9, P = 0.015 and 0.002 respectively). Poor responders and those with raised basal FSH levels have half the chance of spontaneous conception after discontinuation of treatment compared with controls (P < 0.007)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Cohort Studies",
"Female",
"Fertilization in Vitro",
"Follicle Stimulating Hormone",
"Humans",
"Infertility, Female",
"Life Tables",
"Menopause, Premature",
"Ovary",
"Ovulation Induction",
"Pregnancy",
"Pregnancy Outcome",
"Pregnancy Rate",
"Prognosis",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Risk Factors",
"Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic",
"Treatment Failure"
]
} | Both poor response to ovarian stimulation and raised basal FSH are markers of reduced ovarian reserve and predict an increased risk of early menopause. | yes |
15,545,788 | Are antral follicle counts related to age at natural fertility loss and age at menopause? | {
"contexts": [
"The variability in ultrasound-based antral follicle counts sized 2-10 mm after allowing for age-related decline is considerable. This may represent differences in actual reproductive age among women. This hypothesis was tested by cohort comparison for distribution of age at occurrence of reproductive events.",
"A model with a nonlinear mean decline with age was fitted to antral follicle counts (AFC) obtained in 163 regularly cycling fertile volunteers. Ages at last child birth and menopause were predicted from the individual AFC by using thresholds to represent these events and the model for decline with age. Distributions of the observed ages at last childbirth (proxy variable for loss of natural fertility) and ages at menopause were obtained from the BALSAC demographic database and the Prospect-EPIC study, respectively. The observed distributions were compared with the predicted distributions by using visual comparison and quantile-quantile plots. Predictions of age at last child and age at menopause were done using percentiles of the modeled AFC distribution for given age, and corresponding percentiles of the predicted distributions of age at these reproductive events, with predictions following from the position of a woman's AFC relative to these percentiles.",
"The predicted distributions of age at last child and age at menopause showed good agreement with the observed distributions in the BALSAC and EPIC cohort. Compared with age alone, antral follicle counts gave some additional information for individual prediction of age at last child and menopause."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Age Distribution",
"Aging",
"Female",
"Fertility",
"Humans",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"Models, Biological",
"Ovarian Follicle",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Ultrasonography"
]
} | The link between declining antral follicle counts and reproductively significant events like loss of natural fertility and menopause is strengthened by the high degree of similarity among the predicted and observed age distributions. Predictive usefulness of this relationship in a clinical setting may be more marginal, except in the case of women who have low AFCs for their age. | yes |
23,715,377 | Are disruptions in ovarian function related to depression and cardiometabolic risk during premenopause? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent to which mild disruptions in ovarian function, indexed by changes in menstrual cycle length, may relate to cardiometabolic and psychological health in premenopausal women.",
"Among 804 healthy, regularly cycling women (aged 25-45 y; mean [SD] age, 35.5 [5.5] y), patterns of any change (shortening, lengthening, or increased variability) versus no change in menstrual cycle length were examined in relation to a composite of cardiometabolic risk and individual risk factors (high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, waist circumference, glucose, and hypertensive status), as well as in relation to depression indicators (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale score ≥16 [yes/no], lifetime depression diagnosis [yes/no], and lifetime antidepressant medication use [yes/no]). Models were also explored to test whether changes in menstrual cycle length mediated relations between depression history and cardiometabolic risk.",
"In covariate-adjusted models compared with no change, any change in menstrual cycle length was associated with higher cardiometabolic risk composite scores and lower high-density lipoprotein (P < 0.05). In addition, compared with no change, any change in menstrual cycle length was associated with a Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale score of 16 or higher, having received a depression diagnosis, and having used antidepressant medications (P < 0.05). In exploratory analyses, any change in menstrual cycle length partially mediated the relation between depression history and cardiometabolic risk (b = 0.152, P = 0.040), which attenuated (b = 0.129, P = 0.083) when any change in menstrual cycle length was covaried."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Blood Glucose",
"Cardiovascular Diseases",
"Depression",
"Ethnic Groups",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Hypertension",
"Lipids",
"Menstrual Cycle",
"Metabolic Syndrome",
"Ovary",
"Premenopause",
"Risk Factors",
"Surveys and Questionnaires",
"Time Factors",
"Waist Circumference"
]
} | Findings suggest that disruptions in ovarian function, marked by subtle changes in menstrual cycle length, may relate to aspects of cardiometabolic and psychological health among healthy, premenopausal women. | yes |
8,538,481 | Is creatinine clearance at menopause related to bone mass in later life? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate whether creatinine clearance (Ccr) at menopause is related to bone mass later in life.",
"Ccr was measured within 5 years after natural menopause in two groups of normal women. Bone mineral content (BMC) of the distal forearm, lumbar spine, and proximal femur were measured by photon absorptiometry and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in these women 6 years (n = 47) and 14 years later (n = 98).",
"Ccr corrected for body surface area just after the menopause did not correlate with BMC, 6.5 years and 14.5 years later."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Absorptiometry, Photon",
"Body Surface Area",
"Bone Density",
"Climacteric",
"Creatinine",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Middle Aged",
"Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal",
"Prospective Studies",
"Risk Factors"
]
} | Low Ccr within the normal range at menopause is not an independent risk factor for osteopenia in later life. | no |
15,772,559 | Are plasminogen-activator inhibitor-1 polymorphisms associated with obesity and fat distribution in the Quebec Family Study : evidence of interactions with menopause? | {
"contexts": [
"Obesity is associated with increased plasma levels of plasminogen-activator inhibitor-1 (PAI1), the major fibrinolysis inhibitor. PAI1 levels are also increased at menopause, a condition that is associated with fat mass gain, especially in the abdominal area.",
"We hypothesized that genetic variations within PAI1 gene are related to the amount of body fat and its regional distribution. We genotyped 666 subjects of the Quebec Family Study for five PAI1 gene polymorphisms. Stratified analyses were performed with analysis of covariance in men (n = 280) and women (n = 386) separately.",
"PAI1-675 4G/5G polymorphism was strongly associated with body mass index (P < or = 0.01) and fat mass (P < or = 0.05) in women. The PAI1-675 4G/5G promoter polymorphism and the c.43G<A (p.A15T, rs6092) variant within the exon 1 were associated with abdominal visceral fat but only in postmenopausal women (P < or = 0.05). More specifically, homozygotes for the -675 5G and the 43A alleles had about 50% more visceral fat compared to carriers of the -675 4G allele as well as carriers of the 43G allele. No association was observed in men."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adipose Tissue",
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Body Composition",
"Body Mass Index",
"Cohort Studies",
"DNA Primers",
"European Continental Ancestry Group",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Obesity",
"Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1",
"Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Polymorphism, Genetic",
"Postmenopause",
"Promoter Regions, Genetic",
"Quebec"
]
} | Taken together, these results suggest that the PAI1 gene is associated with obesity and may modulate the changes in adipose tissue distribution generally observed at menopause. | yes |
22,639,915 | Do green tea catechins decrease oxidative stress in surgical menopause-induced overactive bladder in a rat model? | {
"contexts": [
"What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Ovary hormone deficiency and the age-related changes in post-menopausal women are subjected to a number of urological dysfunctions, including overactive bladder syndrome. Green tea is a popular healthy drink worldwide and its extract catechin has strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. EGCG, the major type of catechin, is an antioxidant polyphenol flavonoid isolated from green tea. EGCG supplement could prevent ovariectomy-induced bladder dysfunction in a dose-related manner through its anti-oxidant, anti-fibrosis and anti-apoptosis effects.",
"To evaluate whether green tea extract, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), could prevent ovariectomy-induced overactive bladder (OAB) and to investigate its antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-fibrosis effects.",
"In all, 48 female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. After bilateral ovariectomy, the first group served as the ovariectomy control, the second group received EGCG 1 µM/kg daily i.p. injection after ovariectomy surgery, and the third group received EGCG 10 µM/kg daily i.p. injection. The fourth group was taken as the sham without ovariectomy surgery. The rats were killed after 6 months after ovariectomy surgery. Cystometrograms were performed for the measure of bladder overactivity. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labelling (TUNEL) assay was used to evaluate apoptotic cells. Western immunoblots were performed to determine the expressions of inflammatory markers, apoptosis-associated proteins and oxidative stress markers.",
"Long-term ovariectomy significantly increased non-voiding contractions and decreased bladder compliance. Treatment with EGCG significantly increased bladder compliance and diminished non-voiding contractions. Ovariectomy significantly increased apoptotic cells and enhanced interstitial fibrosis in bladders. The expression of caspase-3 significantly increased, while that of Bcl-2 notably decreased after ovariectomy. Inflammatory and fibrosis markers, TGF-β, fibronectin and type I collagen expressions were significantly increased after 6 months of ovariectomy surgery. Treatment with EGCG significantly decreased TGF-β and type I collagen expressions. Oxidative stress markers, nitrotyrosine and protein carbonylation levels were significantly increased in the ovariectomy group. EGCG could attenuate this oxidative damage in dose-dependent fashion."
],
"labels": [
"UNLABELLED",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Antioxidants",
"Catechin",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Female",
"Menopause",
"Ovariectomy",
"Oxidative Stress",
"Plant Extracts",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Tea",
"Urinary Bladder, Overactive"
]
} | Ovariectomy increased oxidative damage, enhanced voiding frequency and decreased bladder compliance. EGCG could restore ovariectomy-induced bladder dysfunction in a dose-dependent fashion through antioxidant, anti-fibrosis and anti-apoptosis effects. | yes |
18,063,808 | Does time since menopause influence the acute and chronic effect of estrogens on endothelial function? | {
"contexts": [
"We evaluated whether time since menopause influences the acute and chronic effect of Estradiol (E) on vascular endothelial function.",
"We studied flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) in 134 postmenopausal women (PMW) before and after acute and chronic E administration. At baseline FMD was inversely associated to time from menopause (r=-0.67, P<0.001) and age (r=-0.43, P<0.05), in exogenous estrogen naïve but not in previous users. Acute and chronic E improved endothelial function in all women. E administration improved FMD more in women within 5 years since menopause than in those with more than 5 years since menopause (76% and 74% versus 45% and 48%, acute and chronic E, respectively; P<0.05). Among women with more than 5 years since menopause acute and chronic E increased FMD more in previous E users than in nonusers (59% and 63% versus 31% and 38%, acute and chronic E, respectively; P<0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that time from menopause was a predictor of impaired FMD and of its improvement after acute and chronic E."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Administration, Sublingual",
"Aged",
"Brachial Artery",
"Estrogen Replacement Therapy",
"Estrogens",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Longitudinal Studies",
"Middle Aged",
"Postmenopause",
"Time Factors",
"Ultrasonography",
"Vasodilation"
]
} | Time from menopause influences FMD in PMW. The acute and chronic effect of E on FMD is time dependent and is reduced by a longer time since menopause. | yes |
19,058,936 | Is a polymorphism of apolipoprotein E ( APOE ) gene associated with age at natural menopause in Caucasian females? | {
"contexts": [
"The present study aimed to investigate possible association of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene polymorphisms with age at natural menopause (ANM) in Caucasian females.",
"Four SNPs (including two replacements, SNP3 Cys112Arg and SNP4 Arg158Cys) were genotyped in 253 randomly selected unrelated Caucasian women having experienced natural menopause. The comprehensive statistical analyses focusing on the association of the APOE gene and some environmental factors with ANM were conducted.",
"Alcohol consumption was a significantly predictor of earlier natural menopause (P<0.05). One SNP (rs769450) was significantly associated with ANM according to both population based and the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) analyses (P=0.007 and 0.046, respectively). However, no association was observed between APOE varepsilon2, varepsilon3, varepsilon4 and ANM."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aging",
"Alcohol Drinking",
"Apolipoproteins E",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"European Continental Ancestry Group",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide"
]
} | Genetic variation in the APOE gene may influence the variation in ANM in Caucasian women. | yes |
21,738,079 | Does estrogen receptor β-selective phytoestrogenic formulation prevent physical and neurological changes in a preclinical model of human menopause? | {
"contexts": [
"As an alternative to estrogen therapy, the efficacy of an estrogen receptor β-selective phytoestrogenic (phyto-β-SERM) formulation to regulate climacteric symptoms and decline in brain responses associated with ovarian hormone loss in menopause was assessed.",
"A phyto-β-SERM formulation-containing diet was compared with a commercial soy extract diet and a phytoestrogen-free base/control diet in an ovariectomized (OVX) mouse model of human menopause. Two treatment studies were conducted: (1) a 2-month study assessed the effects of experimental diets on tail skin temperature as a model of menopausal hot flashes, and (2) a 9-month study assessed the long-term impact of the diets on overall health, hair thinning/loss, spatial working memory, and associated protein expression in the hippocampus.",
"The phyto-β-SERM diet prevented OVX-induced menopause-like changes including the rise in skin temperature, hair thinning/loss, deficit in spatial memory function, and reversed OVX-induced decline in the expression of hippocampal proteins involved in neural plasticity and β-amyloid degradation/clearance. The soy extract diet had no effect or exacerbated OVX-induced changes."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Amyloid beta-Peptides",
"Animals",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Estrogen Receptor beta",
"Female",
"Hair",
"Hippocampus",
"Hot Flashes",
"Humans",
"Memory Disorders",
"Memory, Short-Term",
"Menopause",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred C57BL",
"Neuronal Plasticity",
"Phytoestrogens"
]
} | Overall, the phyto-β-SERM diet induced physical and neurological responses comparable with ovary-intact mice, suggesting the therapeutic potential of the phyto-β-SERM formulation for the prevention/alleviation of climacteric symptoms and decline in brain responses induced by ovarian hormone loss, which provides the basis for further work in postmenopausal women. | yes |
17,636,279 | Is a polymorphism in the AMH type II receptor gene associated with age at menopause in interaction with parity? | {
"contexts": [
"Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) inhibits primordial follicle recruitment in the mouse ovary. We hypothesize that in women AMH signaling also regulates the usage of the primordial follicle pool and hence influences the onset of menopause. Since age at menopause has a strong genetic component, we investigated the role of AMH signaling using a candidate gene approach.",
"In two large population-based cohorts of Dutch post-menopausal women (n = 2381 and n = 248), we examined the association between two polymorphisms, one in the AMH gene and one in the AMH type II receptor (AMHR2) gene, and natural age at menopause.",
"The AMH Ile(49)Ser polymorphism (rs10407022) was not associated with age at menopause in either cohort. In the Rotterdam cohort, the AMHR2 -482 A > G polymorphism (rs2002555) was associated with age at menopause in interaction with the number of offspring (P = 0.001). Nulliparous women homozygous for the G-allele entered menopause 2.6 years earlier compared with nulliparous women homozygous for the A-allele (P = 0.005). In the LASA cohort, women with the G/G genotype tended to enter menopause 2.8 years earlier compared with the A/A genotype (P = 0.063)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Age Factors",
"Age of Onset",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Cohort Studies",
"Female",
"Genotype",
"Humans",
"Isoleucine",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"Netherlands",
"Receptors, Peptide",
"Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta",
"Serine"
]
} | The observed association of the AMHR2 -482 A > G polymorphism with natural age at menopause suggests a role for AMH signaling in the usage of the primordial follicle pool in women. | yes |
23,096,246 | Does assessment of sleep quality and correlate in a large cohort of Colombian women around menopause? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between self-reported sleep quality, menopausal symptom intensity, and correlates (including ethnicity) among middle-aged women.",
"The present cross-sectional study involved 1,078 Colombian women aged 40 to 59 years who completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS), and a general questionnaire exploring sociodemographic data.",
"The median [interquartile range] age of the whole sample was 49.0 [9.0] years. Among the participants, 45.4% were postmenopausal, 57.2% had increased body mass index values, 13.9% were black, 20.7% had hypertension, 74.1% had a stable partner, and 3.8% used hormone therapy. The prevalence of poor sleep quality was 57.1% (PSQI global score ≥5). Significant correlations between PSQI global scores and MRS total and subscale scores were found. Multiple linear regression analysis found that higher PSQI scores (poorer quality of sleep) correlated with higher MRS psychological and somatic subscale scores (more severe symptoms), smoking habit, and hypertension. Menopause status and black ethnicity were excluded from the final regression model."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Body Mass Index",
"Colombia",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Estrogen Replacement Therapy",
"Female",
"Hot Flashes",
"Humans",
"Hypertension",
"Linear Models",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"Postmenopause",
"Sexual Partners",
"Sleep",
"Sleep Wake Disorders",
"Smoking",
"Surveys and Questionnaires"
]
} | Despite study limitations, poor sleep quality is highly prevalent in this large middle-aged Colombian female sample and is related to menopausal symptom severity, tobacco use, and presence of hypertension. | yes |
8,607,941 | Is menopause associated with a significant increase in blood monocyte number and a relative decrease in the expression of estrogen receptors in human peripheral monocytes? | {
"contexts": [
"The clinical significance of the differential expression of estrogen receptor (ER) in human monocytes was evaluated.",
"Two color flow cytometry analysis was used on peripheral blood samples of young and postmenopausal females and postmenopausal females treated with estrogen replacement therapy. In addition, the monocyte and lymphocyte counts and the blood estrogen levels of each patient were determine.",
"During menopause there is a significant decrease in the percentage of ER positive monocytes, and an increase in blood monocyte number, which declines following estrogen replacement therapy to values of the young."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Estradiol",
"Estrogen Replacement Therapy",
"Female",
"Flow Cytometry",
"Humans",
"Leukocyte Count",
"Lymphocyte Count",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"Monocytes",
"Receptors, Estrogen"
]
} | These findings suggest that estrogen modulates the monocyte numbers and its effects may be mediated through the ER in the monocytes. | yes |
21,506,883 | Is age at menarche and menopause associated with two common genetic variants in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( MTHFR ) gene? | {
"contexts": [
"The study aimed at investigating the independent and the combined effects of the two common genetic variants in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, 677C > T and 1298A > C, and their interaction with lifestyle factors on timing of menarche and natural menopause.",
"Postmenopausal women (N = 792) were assessed for the association of the two genetic variants with age at menarche (AM). A subsample of 578 of them who had a natural menopause were further investigated for the association of the two genetic variants with age at natural menopause (ANM). Genotyping was done by means of the TaqMan(®) allelic discrimination method. The effect of genetic variants and of lifestyle factors on AM and ANM were calculated by linear regression models.",
"The study revealed no association between the individual or combined effects of the two genetic variants and AM or ANM. The genetic variant 677C > T showed a significant interaction effect with duration of breastfeeding on ANM (p = 0.047)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Age Factors",
"Aged",
"Breast Feeding",
"Child",
"Female",
"Genotype",
"Humans",
"Life Style",
"Linear Models",
"Menarche",
"Menopause",
"Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)",
"Middle Aged",
"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide",
"Smoking"
]
} | We were unable to replicate previous findings suggesting that the MTHFR gene influences the onset of menarche and natural menopause. The interaction effect between the 677C >T genetic variant and duration of breastfeeding on the timing of natural menopause requires further investigation. | no |
21,500,999 | Is mediterranean climate associated with early age at menopause and low high-density lipoprotein in postmenopausal women? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of three different climates on age at menopause and metabolic factors in postmenopausal women.",
"Study population consisted of 232 postmenopausal women with natural menopause who admitted to Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Women's Health Teaching and Research Hospital Menopause outpatient clinic for routine check up. Participants were divided into three groups according to climate where they had lived during reproductive span. Black Sea, Mediterranean, and continental climate effects on age at menopause and metabolic factors were investigated.",
"Postmenopausal women living in three different climates were significantly different according to body mass index, gravidity, age at menopause, menarche, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (p < 0.05). The lowest mean age at menopause and HDL levels were observed in women living in Mediterranean climate. Adjusted mean age at menopause remained significant (p < 0.05)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Age Factors",
"Cardiovascular Diseases",
"Cholesterol",
"Cholesterol, HDL",
"Cholesterol, LDL",
"Climate",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Mediterranean Region",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"Triglycerides",
"Turkey"
]
} | Mediterranean climate is associated with early menopause and low HDL levels. | yes |
19,318,449 | Does adrenal androgen production capacity remain high up to menopause in women with polycystic ovary syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"Hyperandrogenism is one of the main features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Of circulating androgens, 50% of androstenedione and testosterone are of ovarian and adrenal origin, whereas dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA sulfate are almost uniquely of adrenal origin. Our previous studies have indicated that ovarian androgen production capacity is enhanced in women with PCOS, and it remains high until late reproductive age. To study whether this also applies to adrenal androgen production, ACTH tests were performed in healthy women and in women with PCOS.",
"Sixty-nine healthy women (aged 19-62 yr; body mass index 19.2-35.0 kg/m2) and 58 women with previously diagnosed PCOS (aged 18-59 yr; body mass index 19.0-42.9 kg/m2) participated in the study.",
"The subjects underwent ACTH stimulation tests, and serum cortisol, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, testosterone, DHEA, and DHEA sulfate levels were analyzed at 0, 30, and 60 min.",
"Basal and ACTH-stimulated levels of most adrenal androgens decreased in healthy women with age, whereas in women with PCOS, only the concentrations of basal serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone decreased, and all areas under the curve (AUCs) remained unchanged and significantly higher (except for DHEA) than those in control women. Likewise, at the menopausal transition, pre- and postmenopausal women with PCOS exhibited mainly unchanged and higher basal androgen and AUC levels."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adrenal Glands",
"Adrenocorticotropic Hormone",
"Adult",
"Androgens",
"Body Mass Index",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"Polycystic Ovary Syndrome",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Similarly to ovarian endocrine function, serum adrenal steroid levels and adrenal steroid production capacity remain enhanced at least up to menopause in women with PCOS. | yes |
17,023,721 | Does intervention with a low-fat , high-carbohydrate diet influence the timing of menopause? | {
"contexts": [
"Later age at menopause is associated with a greater risk of breast cancer. Dietary factors may at least partially influence breast cancer risk through an effect on the age at menopause.",
"We studied the effect of a low-fat, high-carbohydrate (LFHC) dietary intervention on the timing of menopause in women with greater risk of breast cancer.",
"The study population included participants from an LFHC dietary intervention trial for the prevention of breast cancer in women with extensive mammographic density, a strong risk factor for breast cancer. Women who were premenopausal at baseline (n = 2611) were followed for an average of 7 y for menopause. Survival analysis was used to compare the time to menopause between the LFHC and control groups and to assess other factors associated with age at menopause.",
"The LFHC intervention did not affect the time to natural menopause overall (P = 0.72 for log-rank test comparing study groups; n = 699 events). An observed interaction between study group and baseline body mass index (BMI; P = 0.01) indicated that the intervention group experienced earlier menopause than did the control group when BMI was low and that a higher BMI was associated with later menopause in the intervention group only. Greater parity, weight, and education were associated with later menopause, and greater age at first birth and baseline smoking were associated with earlier menopause."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Body Mass Index",
"Breast Neoplasms",
"Clinical Trials as Topic",
"Diet, Fat-Restricted",
"Dietary Carbohydrates",
"Dietary Fats",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Mammography",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"Multicenter Studies as Topic",
"Risk Factors",
"Smoking",
"Survival Analysis",
"Time Factors",
"Weight Gain"
]
} | Overall, the LFHC dietary intervention did not influence the timing of menopause. Factors associated with age at menopause in this population were consistent with those reported in other populations. | no |
22,168,600 | Is adipose tissue IL-8 increased in normal weight women after menopause and reduced after gastric bypass surgery in obese women? | {
"contexts": [
"The menopausal transition is characterized by increased body fat accumulation, including redistribution from peripheral to central fat depots. This distribution is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease that are linked to low-grade inflammation. We determined whether postmenopausal women have higher levels of inflammatory markers, compared with premenopausal women. We also wanted to determine whether these markers are reduced by stable weight loss in obese women.",
"Anthropometric data, blood samples and subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were collected from normal weight premenopausal and postmenopausal women and obese women before and 2 years after gastric bypass (GBP) surgery. Serum protein levels and adipose tissue gene expression of inflammatory markers were investigated.",
"IL-8 expression in adipose tissue and circulating levels were higher in postmenopausal vs premenopausal women. IL-8 expression was associated with waist circumference, independent of menopausal status. IL-6 expression and serum levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 were higher in postmenopausal vs premenopausal women. Two years after GBP surgery, adipose expression of IL-8, tumour necrosis factor-α and MCP-1 decreased significantly. Serum insulin levels were associated with inflammation-related gene expression before GBP surgery, but these associations disappeared after surgery."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adipose Tissue",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"C-Reactive Protein",
"Chemokine CCL2",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Interleukin-6",
"Interleukin-8",
"Middle Aged",
"Obesity",
"Postmenopause",
"Premenopause",
"Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Postmenopausal women have an increased inflammatory response in the subcutaneous fat and circulation. Inflammatory markers in adipose tissue decreased significantly after surgery-induced weight loss. This effect may be beneficial for metabolic control and reduced cardiovascular risk after weight loss. | yes |
16,303,830 | Does menopause modify the association of leukocyte telomere length with insulin resistance and inflammation? | {
"contexts": [
"Leukocyte telomere length is inversely correlated with age, insulin resistance, serum leptin, and smoking.",
"We explored whether menopausal status modifies the relations between leukocyte telomere length and insulin resistance. In addition, we examined the effect of menopause on the relation between leukocyte telomere length and C-reactive protein (CRP), an index of inflammation.",
"This was an observational cohort study.",
"The study setting was community based.",
"A total of 1517 women aged 18-79 yr selected only for belonging to a twin pair and representative of the general population participated in the study.",
"Leukocyte telomere restriction fragment length (TRFL) was measured.",
"Insulin resistance (expressed in the homeostasis model assessment), leptin, and CRP were inversely correlated with leukocyte TRFL in premenopausal but not postmenopausal women. Insulin resistance, CRP, but not leptin independently accounted for variation in white blood cell TRFL in premenopausal women."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Blood Glucose",
"C-Reactive Protein",
"Cohort Studies",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Insulin",
"Insulin Resistance",
"Leptin",
"Leukocytes",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"Telomere"
]
} | Menopausal status impacts leukocyte telomere length and its relation with insulin resistance and inflammation in women. | yes |
19,833,786 | Does gait variability detect women in early postmenopause with low bone mineral density? | {
"contexts": [
"Women in early postmenopause and with low bone mineral density (BMD) may exhibit early markers for physical frailty as a result of sarcopenia and osteopenia.",
"The purpose of this study was to determine whether women in early postmenopause and with low BMD exhibit decreased physical performance and differences in gait variability and fall and fracture rates.",
"This study was an observational cohort design with participants assigned to groups on the basis of BMD status.",
"Fifty-four women, 31 with low BMD and 23 with normal BMD, participated. This study was conducted in a university research facility. Physical performance was measured by assessment of dynamic balance (timed backward tandem walk test), strength (handheld dynamometry of isometric quadriceps muscle force production), and free gait speed. Gait variability was assessed on the basis of the coefficient of variation for temporal-spatial gait characteristics. Falls and fractures were assessed for the year after initial testing.",
"Significant between-group differences were found for step time and stance time variability."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Accidental Falls",
"Bone Density",
"Cohort Studies",
"Female",
"Fractures, Bone",
"Gait",
"Humans",
"Middle Aged",
"Muscle Strength",
"Postmenopause",
"Postural Balance"
]
} | The limitations of this study included group assignment on the basis of the results of the most recent bone density scan within the preceding 2 years. | yes |
27,093,617 | Is menopause status associated with circadian- and sleep-related alterations? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of the study was to investigate whether postmenopausal women show differences in circadian-related variables and sleep characteristics compared with premenopausal women, and to analyze potential associations between these circadian-related variables and abdominal fat distribution or metabolic syndrome (MetS) components.",
"A total of 177 women were studied (127 premenopausal, 50 postmenopausal). Sixty percent of the total population was overweight/obese, with no significant differences between premenopausal (60%) and postmenopausal women (62%) (P = 0.865). Wrist temperature (WT) and rest-activity cycles were measured during 8 consecutive days, and sleep and food diaries collected. MetS characteristics and daily patterns of saliva cortisol were analyzed. Sleep characteristics were assessed with domiciliary polysomnography.",
"Postmenopausal women showed a less robust rhythm in WT with lower amplitude (°C) (0.8 ± 0.4 vs 0.9 ± 0.5) (P < 0.05) and lower mean temperature values at the midpoint of sleep than premenopausal women. Postmenopausal women were also more morning-type than premenopausal women, showing a phase advance of approximately 1 hour in WT and rest-activity rhythms, and more morning-type habits (earlier sleep onset/offset and breakfast intake) (P < 0.05). Postmenopausal women showed higher levels of activity in the morning and lower in the evening compared with premenopausal women (P < 0.05). Daily variability in cortisol was significantly reduced in postmenopausal women compared with premenopausal women (P < 0.05). Postmenopausal women had increased frequency of sleep-related breathing abnormalities (P < 0.0001). In the women studied, abdominal fat and MetS were associated with an increase in circadian alterations (high fragmentation and low amplitude of the rhythm) (P < 0.05)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Abdominal Fat",
"Adult",
"Blood Glucose",
"Body Composition",
"Circadian Rhythm",
"Diet",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Hydrocortisone",
"Metabolic Syndrome",
"Middle Aged",
"Obesity",
"Obesity, Abdominal",
"Overweight",
"Postmenopause",
"Premenopause",
"Saliva",
"Sleep",
"Sleep Wake Disorders",
"Spain"
]
} | Postmenopausal women exhibit loss of circadian robustness and an increase in sleep abnormalities compared with premenopausal women. | yes |
8,033,370 | Does 17 beta-oestradiol counteract the formation of the more acidic isoforms of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone after menopause? | {
"contexts": [
"When the gonadotrophin levels increase at midcycle, more basic isoforms of FSH and LH appear in the circulation. However, when these gonadotrophins increase at menopause more acidic forms appear. The present study was done to see whether chronic 17 beta-oestradiol (E2) administration to post-menopausal women could counteract the formation of the more acidic isoforms after the menopause.",
"Serum samples were obtained from 16 post-menopausal women, mean age 70 years (range 63-84 years), 46-169 days after the subcutaneous insertion of a 20-mg E2-implant. FSH, LH and E2 in the sera were measured with fluoroimmunoassays. The median charge and the degree of charge heterogeneity of the FSH and LH isoforms were determined for each serum by electrophoresis in 0.1% agarose suspension. Sera from an age-matched control group were analysed in parallel.",
"The E2 levels in the E2-treated women were 230-570 pmol/l, within the range expected during the mid-luteal phase of the normal menstrual cycle. The mean serum FSH and LH levels were similar to normal follicular phase FSH and LH levels (8.6 and 20.8% respectively of the control group). It was estimated that individual serum specimens from both groups contained 20-30 different isoforms for both FSH and LH. The median charges of the isoforms of FSH and LH were more basic in all the E2-treated subjects than in their corresponding untreated controls. The mean median charge for FSH was close to the values for the follicular and luteal phases and that for LH close to that for the luteal phase. In some E2-treated women the isoforms were even more basic with a charge similar to that at the midcycle peak. The degree of charge heterogeneity for the E2-treated group was significantly (P < 0.001) larger than for the controls and similar to that during the normal menstrual cycle."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Drug Implants",
"Electrophoresis, Agar Gel",
"Estradiol",
"Estrogen Replacement Therapy",
"Female",
"Fluoroimmunoassay",
"Follicle Stimulating Hormone",
"Gonadotropins, Pituitary",
"Humans",
"Luteinizing Hormone",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"Reference Values"
]
} | Chronic E2 administration to post-menopausal women counteracted the formation of more acidic isoforms of both FSH and LH after the menopause. | yes |
26,139,426 | Is anti-mullerian hormone ( AMH ) associated with natural menopause in a population-based sample : The CARDIA Women 's Study? | {
"contexts": [
"AMH is associated with menopausal timing in several studies. In contrast to prior studies that were restricted to women with regular cycles, our objective was to examine this association in women with either regular or irregular menstrual cycles.",
"CARDIA is a longitudinal, population-based study that recruited adults ages 18-30 when it began in 1985-1986. AMH was measured in serum stored in 2002-2003. Natural menopause was assessed by survey in 2005-2006 and 2010-2011.",
"Among 716 premenopausal women, median [25th, 75th] AMH was 0.77 [0.22-2.02]ng/dL at a median age of 42 [39-45] years. Twenty-nine percent of the women (n=207) reported natural menopause during 9 years of follow up. In fully adjusted discrete-time hazard models, a 0.5 ng/dL AMH decrement was associated with higher risk of menopause (p<0.001). Hazard ratios varied with time since AMH measurement. The HR (95% CI) for menopause was 8.1 (2.5-26.1) within 0-3 years and 2.3 (1.7-3.3) and 1.6 (1.3-2.1) for 3-6 and 6-9 years, respectively. When restricted to women with regular menses, results were similar (e.g., HR=6.1; 95% CI: 1.9-20.0 for 0-3 years)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Anti-Mullerian Hormone",
"Biomarkers",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Menopause",
"Menstruation",
"Middle Aged"
]
} | AMH is independently associated with natural menopause. AMH appears most useful in identifying women at risk of menopause in the near future (within 3 years of AMH measurement). | yes |
15,167,829 | Is vaginal pH similar to follicle-stimulating hormone for menopause diagnosis? | {
"contexts": [
"This paper is intended to demonstrate whether vaginal pH value is associated with menopausal status and symptoms, to review the sensitivity of follicle-stimulating hormone or vaginal pH to diagnose menopause, to compare these findings to a group of practice patients, and to determine whether vaginal pH could be used in place of follicle-stimulating hormone as an initial screen to determine menopause.",
"Sixteen studies regarding vaginal pH and menopausal symptoms before and after estrogen administration were analyzed. Two epidemiologic studies that reported follicle-stimulating hormone or vaginal pH with menopause were reviewed. These findings were compared with similar data from the practice of one of the authors (J.C.C.).",
"Menopausal women who do not receive estrogen therapy have a weighted average vaginal pH of 6.0, which is reduced significantly to 4.5 with estrogen therapy. To diagnose menopause, follicle-stimulating hormone >or=15 or >or=20 mIU/mL in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey had a sensitivity of 65% to 68%. In a study in Costa Rica, where 3 definitions of menopause were used, a pH of >5.0 had a sensitivity of 64% to 67%. From the practice patients, the 95% confidence interval sensitivities and positive predictive values of vaginal pH and follicle-stimulating hormone to diagnose menopause overlapped, while a pH <or=4.5 indicated mid follicular phase estradiol levels."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Cohort Studies",
"Confidence Intervals",
"Diagnostic Tests, Routine",
"Female",
"Follicle Stimulating Hormone",
"Humans",
"Hydrogen-Ion Concentration",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Premenopause",
"Probability",
"Sensitivity and Specificity",
"Vagina"
]
} | In women without vaginitis and no estrogen therapy, a vaginal pH of > 4.5 indicates menopause, because it demonstrates a similar sensitivity as follicle-stimulating hormone in epidemiologic studies. In the practice patients, the sensitivity of follicle-stimulating hormone was no different than vaginal pH in the diagnosis of menopause. Furthermore, with estrogen therapy, a vaginal pH of <or=4.5 indicates a mid follicular phase estradiol. | yes |
24,435,779 | Is anti-Mullerian hormone a more accurate predictor of individual time to menopause than mother 's age at menopause? | {
"contexts": [
"In the prediction of time to menopause (TTM), what is the added value of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) when mother's age at natural menopause (ANM) is also known?"
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Age Factors",
"Anti-Mullerian Hormone",
"Female",
"Forecasting",
"Humans",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"Mothers",
"Quantitative Trait, Heritable"
]
} | AMH is a more accurate predictor of individual TTM than mother's age at menopause. | yes |
24,398,409 | Is menopause associated with self-reported poor sleep quality in women without vasomotor symptoms? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between menopause and self-reported sleep quality in Chinese women without vasomotor symptoms.",
"Cross-sectional data were collected from a decoded database of the National Cheng Kung University Hospital. Menopause was defined as absence of menses for at least 12 months or a history of hysterectomy and oophorectomy. Self-reported sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). A higher global PSQI score indicates poorer self-reported sleep quality, and a global PSQI score greater than 5 differentiates poor sleepers from good sleepers.",
"Of the 1,088 women recruited, 353 (32.4%) were in postmenopause status. Postmenopausal women had higher mean (SD) global PSQI scores (8.0 [3.3] vs. 6.1 [2.2], P < 0.001) and a greater prevalence of poor sleepers (73.1% vs. 60.8%, P < 0.001) compared with premenopausal women. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that menopause (β = 1.532; 95% CI, 1.135 to 1.949; P < 0.001) and snoring (β = 0.764; 95% CI, 0.299 to 1.228; P = 0.001) were positively associated with global PSQI scores, whereas long sleep duration (β = -0.791; 95% CI, -1.113 to -0.468; P < 0.001) was negatively associated with global PSQI scores. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that menopause (odds ratio, 1.453; 95% CI, 1.030 to 2.051; P < 0.05), long sleep duration (odds ratio, 0.545; 95% CI, 0.418 to 0.710; P < 0.001), and snoring (odds ratio, 2.022; 95% CI, 1.312 to 3.116; P = 0.001) were independent predictors of poor sleepers."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Databases, Factual",
"Female",
"Hospitals, University",
"Hot Flashes",
"Humans",
"Linear Models",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"Prevalence",
"Self Report",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Sleep Wake Disorders",
"Surveys and Questionnaires",
"Taiwan"
]
} | Postmenopausal women without vasomotor symptoms have significantly higher global PSQI scores and a higher risk of being poor sleepers than premenopausal women. In addition, menopause and snoring are associated with an increased risk of poor self-reported sleep quality independently of cardiometabolic factors and lifestyle, whereas long sleep duration is associated with a decreased risk of poor self-reported sleep quality. | yes |
21,167,831 | Is early menopause associated with lack of response to antiviral therapy in women with chronic hepatitis C? | {
"contexts": [
"Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and liver fibrosis progress more rapidly in men and menopausal women than in women of reproductive age. We investigated the associations among menopause, sustained virologic response (SVR), and liver damage in patients with CHC.",
"We performed a prospective study of 1000 consecutive, treatment-naïve patients 18 years of age and older with compensated liver disease from CHC. Liver biopsy samples were analyzed (for fibrosis, inflammation, and steatosis) before patients received standard antiviral therapy. From women (n = 442), we collected data on the presence, type, and timing of menopause; associated hormone and metabolic features; serum levels of interleukin-6; and hepatic tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α.",
"Postmenopausal women achieved SVRs less frequently than women of reproductive age (46.0% vs 67.5%; P < .0001) but as frequently as men (51.1%; P = .283). By multivariate regression analysis, independent significant predictors for women to not achieve an SVR were early menopause (odds ratio [OR], 8.055; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.834-25.350), levels of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (OR, 2.165; 95% CI, 1.364-3.436), infection with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 or 4 (OR, 3.861; 95% CI, 2.433-6.134), and cholesterol levels (OR, 0.985; 95% CI, 0.971-0.998). Early menopause was the only independent factor that predicted lack of an SVR among women with genotype 1 hepatitis C virus infection (OR, 3.933; 95% CI, 1.274-12.142). Baseline levels of liver inflammation, fibrosis, steatosis, serum interleukin-6 (P = .04), and hepatic TNF-α (P = .007) were significantly higher among postmenopausal women than women of reproductive age."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Age Factors",
"Antiviral Agents",
"Biomarkers",
"Biopsy",
"Female",
"Genotype",
"Hepacivirus",
"Hepatitis C, Chronic",
"Humans",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"Inflammation Mediators",
"Interleukin-6",
"Italy",
"Liver Cirrhosis",
"Logistic Models",
"Male",
"Menopause, Premature",
"Middle Aged",
"Odds Ratio",
"Prospective Studies",
"RNA, Viral",
"Risk Assessment",
"Risk Factors",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Sex Factors",
"Time Factors",
"Treatment Failure",
"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha",
"Viral Load"
]
} | Among women with CHC, early menopause was associated with a low likelihood of SVR, probably because of inflammatory factors that change at menopause. | yes |
21,177,795 | Does hyperandrogenism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome persist after menopause? | {
"contexts": [
"Ovarian and adrenal hyperandrogenism characterize premenopausal women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Androgens decline with age in healthy and PCOS women.",
"The objective of the study was to investigate hyperandrogenism in PCOS after menopause.",
"This was a case-control, cross-sectional study.",
"The study was conducted at a university hospital endocrinology unit.",
"Twenty postmenopausal women with PCOS and 20 age- and body mass index-matched controls participated in the study.",
"Serum cortisol, 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), Δ(4)-androstenedione (Δ(4)A), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), total testosterone (T), and free androgen index (FAI) levels were measured at baseline, after ACTH stimulation, and after 3-d dexamethasone suppression. The ACTH and cortisol levels were measured during the CRH test.",
"Androgen profile at baseline, after ACTH stimulation, and 3-d dexamethasone suppression tests were the main outcome measures.",
"Postmenopausal PCOS women had higher 17-OHP, Δ(4)A, DHEAS, total T, FAI (P < 0.05) and lower SHBG (P < 0.05) baseline levels than control women. ACTH and cortisol responses during the CRH test were similar in the two groups. After ACTH stimulation, Δ(4)A, DHEAS, and total T levels were equally increased in both groups. After dexamethasone suppression, LH levels did not change in either group; 17-OHP-, Δ(4)A-, and FAI-suppressed levels remained higher in PCOS than in control women (P < 0.05), whereas total T and DHEAS levels were suppressed to similar values in both groups."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adrenal Glands",
"Adrenocorticotropic Hormone",
"Androgens",
"Body Mass Index",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Dexamethasone",
"Female",
"Gonadal Steroid Hormones",
"Humans",
"Hyperandrogenism",
"Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"Ovary",
"Pituitary-Adrenal System",
"Polycystic Ovary Syndrome",
"Postmenopause",
"Stimulation, Chemical"
]
} | In postmenopausal PCOS women, ACTH and cortisol responses to CRH are normal. Androgen levels at baseline are higher in PCOS than control women and remain increased after ACTH stimulation. The dexamethasone suppression results in postmenopausal PCOS women suggest that DHEAS and total T are partially of adrenal origin. Although the ovarian contribution was not fully assessed, increased Δ(4)A production suggests that the ovary also contributes to hyperandrogenism in postmenopausal PCOS women. In conclusion, postmenopausal PCOS women are exposed to higher adrenal and ovarian androgen levels than non-PCOS women. | yes |
19,361,458 | Are circulating concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 associated with menopause status in Korean women? | {
"contexts": [
"Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) plays a role in adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. Human circulating MCP-1 concentrations reportedly increase or remain unchanged according to obesity or insulin resistance in various ethnic populations; whether or not circulating MCP-1 concentrations increase after menopause has remained unclear.",
"We investigated the relationship between circulating MCP-1 concentrations and obesity or insulin resistance, and the relationship between circulating MCP-1 and menopause status in premenopausal (n=111) and postmenopausal (n=64) Korean women.",
"Circulating MCP-1 concentrations were significantly higher in postmenopausal women than in obesity-matched premenopausal women; they did not differ between non-obese and obese subgroups of pre- and postmenopausal women. Circulating MCP-1 concentrations had a relationship with menopause status (rho=0.500, p=0.000), irrespective of obesity, but no relationship with obesity or insulin resistance. Circulating MCP-1 concentrations correlated with serum triglycerides (r=0.4, p=0.001) and also correlated with serum triglyceride concentrations, after adjusting for age and obesity, in postmenopausal women."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Asian Continental Ancestry Group",
"Chemokine CCL2",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Insulin Resistance",
"Korea",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"Obesity",
"Postmenopause",
"Premenopause"
]
} | Circulating MCP-1 concentrations are associated with menopause status itself, irrespective of obesity; they do not correlate with obesity or insulin resistance in Korean women, most of whom are not severely obese. | yes |
25,884,698 | Are gene polymorphisms in RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway associated with ages at menarche and natural menopause in Chinese women? | {
"contexts": [
"Age at menarche (AAM) and age at natural menopause (AANM) have been shown intimately associated with woman's health later in life. Previous studies have indicated that AAM and AANM are highly heritable. RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling pathway is essential for mammary gland development, which is also found associated with post-menopausal and hormone-related diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate associations between the polymorphisms in the TNFSF11, TNFRSF11A and TNFRSF11B genes in the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway with AAM and AANM in Chinese women.",
"Post-menopausal Chinese women (n = 845) aged from 42 to 89 years were recruited in the study. Information about AAM and AANM were obtained through questionnaires and the genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood from the participants. Total 21 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TNFSF11, TNFRSF11A and TNFRSF11B were genotyped.",
"Three SNPs of TNFRSF11A (rs4500848, rs6567270 and rs1805034) showed significant association with AAM (P < 0.01, P = 0.02 and P = 0.01, respectively), and one SNP (rs9962159) was significantly associated with AANM (P = 0.03). Haplotypes TC and AT (rs6567270-rs1805034) of TNFRSF11A were found to be significantly associated with AAM (P = 0.01 and P = 0.02, respectively), and haplotypes GC and AC (rs9962159-rs4603673) of TNFRSF11A showed significant association with AANM (P = 0.03 and P < 0.01, respectively). No significant association between TNFSF11 or TNFRSF11B gene with AAM or AANM was found."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Age Factors",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Asian Continental Ancestry Group",
"China",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Menarche",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"Osteoprotegerin",
"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide",
"RANK Ligand",
"Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B",
"Women's Health"
]
} | The present study suggests that TNFRSF11A but not TNFSF11 and TNFRSF11B genetic polymorphisms are associated with AAM and AANM in Chinese women. The findings provide evidence that genetic variations in RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway may be associated with the onset and cessation of the menstruation cycle. | yes |
24,714,626 | Do diabetes and menopause aggravate age-dependent deterioration in arterial stiffness? | {
"contexts": [
"The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of menopause status and diabetes on arterial stiffness, metabolic parameters, and inflammatory parameters in premenopausal and postmenopausal women with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus.",
"In the present study, 186 women were divided into three groups: group 1 includes 42 premenopausal women without type 2 diabetes mellitus, group 2 includes 85 postmenopausal women without diabetes, and group 3 includes 59 postmenopausal women with diabetes. Blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, insulin, lipids, C-reactive protein, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance, aldosterone, and renin were measured. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AI) were determined using SphygmoCor (version 7.1; AtCor Medical, Sydney, Australia).",
"PWV and AI values increased from group 1 to group 3 in a continuous fashion. Postmenopausal women with and without diabetes exhibited significantly increased AI compared with premenopausal women without diabetes (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001, respectively). PWV was significantly higher in postmenopausal women with diabetes mellitus than in premenopausal and postmenopausal women without diabetes mellitus (P = 0.007 and P = 0.002, respectively)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aging",
"Blood Glucose",
"Body Mass Index",
"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2",
"Female",
"Glycated Hemoglobin A",
"Humans",
"Inflammation",
"Insulin",
"Insulin Resistance",
"Middle Aged",
"Postmenopause",
"Premenopause",
"Pulse Wave Analysis",
"Vascular Stiffness"
]
} | Postmenopausal women without diabetes have significantly higher AI compared with premenopausal women without type 2 diabetes mellitus. The combination of diabetes and postmenopause status is associated with further deterioration of AI and PWV independently of age, body mass index, and other cardiovascular risk factors. | yes |
24,714,624 | Is aging , not menopause , associated with higher prevalence of hyperuricemia among older women? | {
"contexts": [
"This work aims to study the associations, if any, of hyperuricemia, gout, and menopause status in the US population.",
"Using multiyear data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we performed unmatched comparisons and one to three age-matched comparisons of women aged 20 to 70 years with and without hyperuricemia (serum urate ≥6 mg/dL). Analyses were performed using survey-weighted multiple logistic regression and conditional logistic regression, respectively.",
"Overall, there were 1,477 women with hyperuricemia. Age and serum urate were significantly correlated. In unmatched analyses (n = 9,573 controls), postmenopausal women were older, were heavier, and had higher prevalence of renal impairment, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. In multivariable regression, after accounting for age, body mass index, glomerular filtration rate, and diuretic use, menopause was associated with hyperuricemia (odds ratio, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.05-1.76; P = 0.002). In corresponding multivariable regression using age-matched data (n = 4,431 controls), the odds ratio for menopause was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.83-1.06). Current use of hormone therapy was not associated with prevalent hyperuricemia in both unmatched and matched analyses."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aging",
"Body Mass Index",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Diuretics",
"Female",
"Glomerular Filtration Rate",
"Gout",
"Humans",
"Hyperuricemia",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"Nutrition Surveys",
"Regression Analysis",
"United States",
"Uric Acid"
]
} | Age is a better statistical explanation for the higher prevalence of hyperuricemia among older women than menopause status. | yes |
27,614,355 | Does length of FMR1 repeat alleles within the normal range substantially affect the risk of early menopause? | {
"contexts": [
"Is the length of FMR1 repeat alleles within the normal range associated with the risk of early menopause?"
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Alleles",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Female",
"Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein",
"Genetic Association Studies",
"Genetic Predisposition to Disease",
"Genotype",
"Humans",
"Menopause",
"Menopause, Premature",
"Middle Aged",
"Trinucleotide Repeats"
]
} | The length of repeat alleles within the normal range does not substantially affect risk of early menopause. | no |
18,692,804 | Does occurrence of postmenopausal-like acidic follicle-stimulating hormone ( FSH ) isoforms precede the rise of FSH before menopause? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the glycoform distribution patterns of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) during the menstrual cycle at different ages and FSH levels, after menopause, and with premature ovarian failure (POF).",
"Controlled clinical study.",
"Healthy volunteers in an academic research environment.",
"Women aged 20 to 25 years with normal early follicular (EF) serum FSH (<10 IU/L), women aged 40 to 45 years with normal or increased EF serum FSH, postmenopausal women, and women with POF.",
"None.",
"FSH and LH glycoform distributions as assessed by chromatofocusing.",
"In both postmenopausal and in women with POF, more acidic FSH glycoforms were found compared with young cyclic premenopausal women. In women aged 40 to 45 years with normal FSH levels, these acidic glycoform profiles already showed a statistically significant difference from the younger women. This difference was to attributable to the early follicular and luteal cycle phases. Overall, during aging and after ovarian failure, FSH becomes more acidic, a difference that is already statistically significantly detectable in premenopausal, older women before FSH rises. This is not seen for LH glycoforms."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Female",
"Follicle Stimulating Hormone",
"Humans",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"Primary Ovarian Insufficiency",
"Young Adult"
]
} | The occurrence of postmenopausal-like acidic FSH isoforms precedes the rise of FSH before menopause. | yes |
24,336,141 | Does age at surgical menopause influence cognitive decline and Alzheimer pathology in older women? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the association between age at surgical menopause and both cognitive decline and Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology in 2 longitudinal cohorts.",
"Female subjects from 2 longitudinal studies of cognitive decline (Religious Orders Study and Rush Memory and Aging Project) were included (total n = 1,884). The primary analysis examined the association between age at surgical menopause and decline in a global cognition score. Secondary analyses examined additional outcomes: 1) decline in 5 cognitive subdomains and 2) a global measure of the burden of AD pathology. In exploratory analyses, we examined the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). We adjusted all models for age, education, smoking, and cohort and stratified by surgical vs natural menopause.",
"For the 32% of subjects with surgical menopause, earlier age at menopause was associated with faster decline in global cognition (p = 0.0007), specifically episodic memory (p = 0.0003) and semantic memory (p = 0.002). Earlier age at menopause was also associated with increased AD neuropathology (p = 0.038), in particular neuritic plaques (p = 0.013). HRT use for at least 10 years, when administered within a 5-year perimenopausal window, was associated with decreased decline in global cognition. No associations were seen in women who had natural menopause."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Age Factors",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Aging",
"Alzheimer Disease",
"Cognition Disorders",
"Female",
"Health Surveys",
"Hormone Replacement Therapy",
"Humans",
"Longitudinal Studies",
"Memory Disorders",
"Memory, Episodic",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"Plaque, Amyloid",
"Single-Blind Method",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | Early age at surgical menopause was associated with cognitive decline and AD neuropathology. Ongoing studies should clarify the potential effect of HRT on this relationship. | yes |
14,501,610 | Does factor V Leiden mutation accelerate the onset of natural menopause? | {
"contexts": [
"Smoking is consistently associated with a younger age for menopause. Although this may be because of the direct toxic effects of tobacco smoke on follicles, we hypothesize that there may also be a relationship between smoking and a vascular origin of early menopausal onset. Several lifestyle factors have been investigated, but never factors of the clotting cascade. The objective of this study, then, was to determine the effect of factor V Leiden mutation and smoking with respect to age at menopause.",
"Data were used from a subset of 373 postmenopausal participants of a Dutch population-based cohort, born between 1911 and 1925. All women had experienced natural menopause, without use of hormone replacement therapy.",
"Female carriers of the factor V Leiden mutation (n = 14) reported the onset of menopause at an earlier age than noncarriers (n = 359; difference, 3.1 years; 95% CI: 0.3, 5.9). Smoker carriers (n = 5) were 4.3 years younger at menopause than smoker noncarriers (n = 92; 95% CI: 0.9,7.6). In nonsmokers, this relationship was less strong."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Factor V",
"Female",
"Gene Frequency",
"Humans",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"Mutation",
"Polymorphism, Genetic",
"Smoking"
]
} | We found that the factor V Leiden mutation was related, but not statistically significant, to an earlier age at menopause; smoking possibly enhances this effect. The mutation can be one of the genetic determinants of menopausal age operating through a vascular mechanism. | yes |
27,676,633 | Is relationship between equol producer status and metabolic parameters in 743 Japanese women : equol producer status associated with antiatherosclerotic conditions in women around menopause and early postmenopause? | {
"contexts": [
"Equol, an active metabolite possessing estrogen-like activity, is produced by the action of intestinal flora on soy isoflavones. There is an increasing evidence regarding its efficacy in the relief of menopausal symptoms, suppression of decreased bone mineral density, and lipid profile improvement. Only those with equol-producing capacity, however, seem to benefit. Thus, we examined the relationship between equol producer status and parameters associated with lifestyle-related diseases in women from their 20s to 80s.",
"This cross-sectional study was conducted among 743 women (21-89 y; average age: 52.5 ± 11.8 y) who have undergone health screening at Tokyo Midtown Medical Center and given consent to participate in the study. The relationship between equol producer status and metabolic parameters was assessed.",
"In our study, 236 women (32%) were equol producers. Equol producers had significantly lower triglycerides and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels compared with nonproducers. Equol-producing women in their 50s showed significantly lower body fat level, visceral fat area, triglyceride levels, pulse wave velocity, uric acid levels, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein levels. In addition, women in their 60s showed significantly higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In multivariate logistic regression, for women in their 50s, equol production was significantly associated with lower arterial stiffness and uric acid levels, and a high ratio of eicosapentaenoic acid to arachidonic acid, whereas it was significantly associated with lower urinary N-telopeptides in their 60s."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adipose Tissue",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Aging",
"Arachidonic Acid",
"C-Reactive Protein",
"Collagen Type I",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Eicosapentaenoic Acid",
"Equol",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Lipoproteins, HDL",
"Logistic Models",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Peptides",
"Postmenopause",
"Pulse Wave Analysis",
"Triglycerides",
"Uric Acid",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Equol producer status was associated with favorable metabolic parameters, in women in the early phase postmenopause, with the transitional periods noted with declining intrinsic estrogen levels. | yes |
25,994,816 | Are gene variants associated with age at menopause also associated with polycystic ovary syndrome , gonadotrophins and ovarian volume? | {
"contexts": [
"Is there a relationship between the genetic risk for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and genetic variants that influence timing of menopause?"
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE"
],
"meshes": [
"Age Factors",
"Boston",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Cohort Studies",
"Female",
"Follicle Stimulating Hormone",
"Gene Frequency",
"Genetic Predisposition to Disease",
"Genetic Variation",
"Greece",
"Humans",
"Hyperandrogenism",
"Luteinizing Hormone",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"Ovary",
"Polycystic Ovary Syndrome",
"Ultrasonography"
]
} | The genetic risk score, which sums the contribution of variants at all menopause loci, was associated with PCOS. | yes |
25,017,806 | Is menopause associated with lumbar disc degeneration : a review of 4230 intervertebral discs? | {
"contexts": [
"The main objective of this study was to investigate, in a population of normal postmenopausal women, the association between menopause and severity of lumbar disc degeneration from the first lumbar to the first sacral vertebra on magnetic resonance imaging.",
"Between January 2010 and May 2013, 846 normal women and 4230 intervertebral discs were retrospectively analyzed. Age, height, weight and years since menopause (YSM) were recorded. Disc degeneration was evaluated using the modified Pfirrmann grading system.",
"Compared to premenopausal and perimenopausal women, postmenopausal women had more severe disc degeneration after removal of age, height and weight effects (p < 0.0001). Postmenopausal women were divided into six subgroups for every 5 YSM. When YSM was below 15 years, there was a significant difference between every two groups, i.e. groups 1-5 YSM, 6-10 YSM and 11-15 YSM (p < 0.01). A positive trend was observed between YSM and severity of disc degeneration, respectively, i.e. L1/L2 (r = 0.235), L2/L3 (r = 0.161), L3/L4 (r = 0.173), L4/L5 (r = 0.146), L5/S1 (r = 0.137) and all lumbar discs (r = 0.259) (p < 0.05 or 0.01). However, when YSM was above 15, there was no difference, i.e. groups 16-20 YSM, 21-25 YSM and 26-30 YSM (p > 0.05), and the significance correlation also disappeared (p > 0.05)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Estrogens",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Intervertebral Disc Degeneration",
"Lumbar Vertebrae",
"Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Risk Factors"
]
} | Menopause is associated with disc degeneration in the lumbar spine. The association almost entirely occurred in the first 15 years since menopause, suggesting estrogen decrease may be a risk factor for lumbar disc degeneration. | yes |
25,032,840 | Is passive smoking associated with lower age at menopause? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of the study was to investigate the age at menopause in women exposed to passive smoking.",
"The study was designed as a case-control study. The main outcome measure was to compare the age at menopause of women exposed to second-hand smoking to non-exposed women.",
"The age at menopause in the group exposed to second-hand smoking was significantly lower than that of women in the non-exposed group (47.0 ± 4.7 vs. 48.1 ± 5.2 years, p = 0.002). In regression analyses, the age at menopause had an inverse correlation with second-hand smoking, and a positive correlation with the mother's age at menopause. We further stratified women according to their smoking status. Women exposed to second-hand smoking who had never smoked had a significantly lower age at menopause than the non-exposed women only when the duration of exposure exceeded 20 years (46.6 ± 5.6 vs. 48.4 ± 3.7 years, p = 0.008). Furthermore, women who had never smoked and who were exposed to ≥ 10 cigarettes per day had a significantly lower mean age at menopause than non-exposed women who had never smoked. These differences were not observed among women who had ever smoked."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Age Distribution",
"Age Factors",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Menarche",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"Mothers",
"Regression Analysis",
"Risk Factors",
"Smoking",
"Surveys and Questionnaires",
"Time Factors",
"Tobacco Smoke Pollution"
]
} | Our findings suggest that earlier age at menopause should be added to the negative effects of passive smoking, in addition to increased risks for overall, cardiovascular and cancer mortality as well as increased risk for osteoporosis. | yes |
22,730,514 | Does hormonal environment affect cognition independent of age during the menopause transition? | {
"contexts": [
"Cognitive decline is prevalent in aging populations, and cognitive complaints are common during menopause. However, the extent of hormonal influence is unclear, particularly when considered independent of the aging process.",
"We sought to determine differences in cognitive function attributable to menopause, hypothesizing that differences would be associated with reproductive rather than chronological age.",
"In this cross-sectional study at a university hospital, we combined neuropsychological measures with functional magnetic resonance imaging to comprehensively assess cognitive function.",
"Sixty-seven menopausal women, aged 42-61 yr, recruited from a population-based menopause study, grouped into menopause stages based on hormonal and cycle criteria (premenopause, perimenopause, and postmenopause), participated in the study.",
"Neuropsychological and functional magnetic resonance imaging measures of verbal, visual, and executive cognitive function.",
"We found age-independent menopause effects on verbal function. Menopause groups differed in phonemic verbal fluency (F = 3.58, P < 0.019) and regional brain activation (inferior frontal cortex: corrected P < 0.000 right, P < 0.036 left; left prefrontal cortex: P < 0.012); left temporal pole: P < 0.001). Verbal measures correlated with estradiol and FSH (phonemic fluency: R = 0.249, P < 0.047 estradiol, R = -0.275, P < 0.029 FSH; semantic fluency: R = 0.318, P < 0.011 estradiol, R = -0.321, P < 0.010 FSH; right inferior frontal cortex: R = 0.364, P < 0.008 FSH; left inferior frontal cortex: R = -0.431, P < 0.001 estradiol, left prefrontal cortex: R = 0.279, P < 0.045 FSH; left temporal pole: R = -0.310, P < 0.024 estradiol, R = 0.451, P < 0.001 FSH; left parahippocampal gyrus: R = -0.278, P < 0.044 estradiol; left parietal cortex: R = -0.326, P < 0.017 estradiol)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aging",
"Brain",
"Cognition",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Estradiol",
"Female",
"Follicle Stimulating Hormone",
"Hormones",
"Humans",
"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted",
"Longitudinal Studies",
"Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"Memory",
"Memory, Short-Term",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"Neuropsychological Tests",
"Perimenopause",
"Psychomotor Performance",
"Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin",
"Testosterone",
"Visual Perception"
]
} | Results suggest that verbal fluency mechanisms are vulnerable during the menopausal transition. Targeted intervention may preserve function of this critical cognitive domain. | yes |
27,326,816 | Is menopause associated with articular cartilage degeneration : a clinical study of knee joint in 860 women? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between menopause and severity of knee joint cartilage degeneration using a magnetic resonance imaging-based six-level grading system, with six cartilage surfaces, the medial and lateral femoral condyle, the femoral trochlea, the medial and lateral tibia plateau, and the patella.",
"The study cohort comprised 860 healthy women (age 36-83 y), and 5,160 cartilage surfaces were analyzed. Age, weight, height, age at natural menopause, and years since menopause (YSM) were obtained. Cartilage degeneration was assessed using a magnetic resonance imaging-based six-level grading system.",
"After removing the age, height, and weight effects, postmenopausal women had more severe cartilage degeneration than pre- and perimenopausal women (P < 0.001). A positive trend was observed between YSM and severity of cartilage degeneration (P < 0.05). Postmenopausal women were divided into seven subgroups by every five YSM. When YSM was less than 25 years, the analysis of covariance indicated a significant difference in medial tibia plateau, medial femoral condyle, trochlea, patella, and total surfaces (P < 0.05 or 0.01) between every two groups. When YSM was more than 25 years, the significant difference, however, disappeared in these four surfaces (P > 0.05). No significant difference was observed in lateral tibia plateau and lateral femoral condyle in postmenopausal women."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Cartilage Diseases",
"Cartilage, Articular",
"Cohort Studies",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Joint Diseases",
"Knee Joint",
"Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"Postmenopause"
]
} | Menopause is associated with cartilage degeneration of knee joint. After menopause, cartilage showed progressive severe degeneration that occurred in the first 25 YSM, suggesting estrogen deficiency might be a risk factor of cartilage degeneration of the knee joint. Further studies are needed to investigate whether age or menopause plays a more important role in the progression of cartilage degeneration in the knee joint. | yes |
20,042,893 | Is premature menopause associated with increased risk of cerebral infarction in Japanese women? | {
"contexts": [
": Few epidemiological studies have examined the relationship between age at menopause and stroke incidence, and none have done so in Japanese women. Here, we investigated the relationship between age at menopause and stroke incidence in a large group of Japanese women.",
": The study participants were 4,790 postmenopausal women aged 36 to 89 years enrolled in the Jichi Medical School Cohort Study, a population-based prospective study. Baseline data were obtained by questionnaire and health checkups between April 1992 and July 1995 in 12 rural areas in Japan. The incidence of all strokes and stroke subtypes was monitored.",
": Mean (SD) participant age was 61.0 (6.7) years, and mean (SD) age at menopause was 48.3 (4.8) years. A total of 185 strokes were observed during a mean follow-up of 10.8 years. On adjustment for age, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, body mass index, smoking habits, and alcohol drinking habits, hazard ratios (95% CIs) of stroke for women who underwent menopause before age 40 years, at 40 to 44 years, at 45 to 49 years, and at 55 years or after relative to those who underwent menopause at age 50 to 54 years were 1.56 (0.78-3.12), 1.59 (1.00-2.51), 1.28 (0.92-1.78), and 0.83 (0.38-1.81), respectively. However, hazard ratios (95% CI) of cerebral infarction for women who underwent menopause before age 40 years, at 40 to 44 years, at 45 to 49 years, and at 55 years or after relative to those who underwent menopause at age 50 to 54 years were 2.57 (1.20-5.49), 1.49 (0.80-2.78), 1.06 (0.67-1.68), and 1.08 (0.43-2.74), respectively."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Age Distribution",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Brain Ischemia",
"Female",
"Health Status",
"Humans",
"Incidence",
"Japan",
"Longitudinal Studies",
"Menopause, Premature",
"Middle Aged",
"Prospective Studies",
"Risk Factors",
"Rural Population",
"Stroke",
"Women's Health"
]
} | : Our data suggest that Japanese women who undergo menopause before age 40 years are at an increased risk of cerebral infarction. Premature menopause should be considered an indicator of the need for more aggressive medical intervention aimed at the prevention of cerebral infarction. | yes |
16,019,357 | Does time since menopause affect plasma viscosity , plasma thromboxane levels and Doppler findings? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate whether the use of transdermal hormone replacement therapy (HRT), in women within 5 years of menopause compared with women who were postmenopausal for > 5 years, would significantly influence thromboxane B2 levels, plasma viscosity and Doppler flow parameters at the level of the uterine, internal carotid, ophthalmic and bladder wall arteries.",
"Thirty-five normal-weight (body mass index > 19 and < 25 kg/m(2)) postmenopausal women (age 54.6 +/- 3.9 years, mean +/- standard deviation) participated in the study and were divided into two groups (Group I: n = 19, time since menopause < 5 years; and Group II: n = 16, time since menopause > 5 years). Patients were treated with a continuous estradiol transdermal supplementation and 12-day courses of medroxyprogesterone acetate every 2 months. They were studied at baseline and after 6 months (in the estrogen-only phase of the cycle).",
"Results showed a beneficial effect of hormone substitution after 6 months of therapy. Baseline plasma viscosity was similar in both groups, and decreased significantly after therapy in both Group I (-17.5%) and Group II (-15.6%). Plasma levels of thromboxane B(2) were similar at baseline and diminished equally in Group I and Group II (-85.6% and -85.2%, respectively) after treatment. Doppler assessment of the pulsatility index at the level of uterine, internal carotid, ophthalmic and bladder wall arteries showed no differences between groups at baseline and revealed a significant reduction of vascular impedance at the end of the treatment in both groups."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Blood Viscosity",
"Body Mass Index",
"Estrogen Replacement Therapy",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Laser-Doppler Flowmetry",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"Pulsatile Flow",
"Thromboxane B2",
"Time Factors"
]
} | Time since menopause does not affect the potential hemodynamic benefits of HRT in normal-weight women. | no |
22,248,077 | Are eSR1 , HK3 and BRSK1 gene variants associated with both age at natural menopause and premature ovarian failure? | {
"contexts": [
"Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a complex and heterogeneous disorder that is influenced by multiple genetic components. Numerous candidate gene studies designed to identify POF susceptibility loci have been published, but most positive findings have not been confirmed in follow up studies. We sought to determine if sequence variants previously associated with age at natural menopause (AANM) or early menopause (EM) contribute as well to genetic susceptibility to POF.",
"Our study was performed on 371 unrelated idiopathic women with POF and 800 women controls, all Chinese Han. Thirty six SNPs from previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) responsible for AANM or EM and 3 additional SNPs in ESR1, and 2 additional SNPs in PTHB1 were tested using the Sequenom MassARRAY iPLEX platform for genotyping.",
"Three SNPs - rs2278493 in HK3, rs2234693 in ESR1 and rs12611091 in BRSK1 - showed nominally significant association with POF. Thus, a plausible relationship could exist between ESR1, BRSK1, HK3 and POF."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | This largest association study undertaken to determine correlation between POF and AANM/EM revealed three significant SNPs (rs2278493, rs2234693, and rs12611091). All are associated with not only AAWM and EM but also POF. Insights into shared genetic susceptibility between POF and AANM/EM will provide novel entry points for unraveling genetic mechanism involved in ovarian reserve and oocyte aging processes. | yes |
24,038,017 | Does supplementation of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids prevent increase in arterial stiffness after experimental menopause? | {
"contexts": [
"Menopause is associated with increased arterial stiffness, an independent marker of cardiovascular risk. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (N3-PUFAs) are thought to have multiple cardiovascular benefits, including prevention of arterial stiffness. We investigated whether treatment with N3-PUFA prevents increase in arterial stiffness in ovariectomized rats, an animal model of experimental menopause.",
"A total of 43 Wistar rats, 2 months old, were divided into 3 groups, control, sham surgery, normal diet (CTRL, n = 15); ovariectomy, normal diet (OVX, n = 14); and ovariectomy with N3-PUFA supplementation (0.8 g/kg/d in daily gavages administration; OVX + O3, n = 14). Two months after surgery, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) and arterial blood pressure (BP) were measured by carotid and femoral cannulation. Aortic morphometric measurements were performed after dissection.",
"Ovariectomy caused a significant increase in BP (P < .05), PWV (P < .0001), and elastic modulus (P = .001) compared to CTRL. After ovariectomy, N3-PUFA supplementation completely prevented increase in arterial stiffness (P < .0001 vs OVX) and BP (P < .05 vs OVX) and resulted in a significant increase in body weight and aortic thickness."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Aorta",
"Arterial Pressure",
"Body Weight",
"Cardiovascular Diseases",
"Carotid Arteries",
"Dietary Supplements",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Fatty Acids, Omega-3",
"Female",
"Femoral Artery",
"Menopause",
"Ovariectomy",
"Pulse Wave Analysis",
"Rats",
"Rats, Inbred WKY",
"Risk Factors",
"Vascular Stiffness"
]
} | In an experimental model of menopause, N3-PUFA supplementation prevents arterial stiffening and other vascular changes induced by ovariectomy. These results represent a therapeutic benefit of N3-PUFAs in prevention of postmenopausal cardiovascular disease. | yes |
23,683,672 | Are genes responsible for vaginal extracellular matrix metabolism modulated by women 's reproductive cycle and menopause? | {
"contexts": [
"To analyze the expression of genes involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) biogenesis and remodeling in vaginal tissue of women with clinically normal pelvic floor support (defined as controls) according to the phase of menstrual cycle and postmenopausal women with and without pelvic organ prolapse (POP).",
"This study examined the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs), and the Lysyl oxidase (LOX) family genes in the anterior vaginal wall of Caucasian women by real-time RT-PCR. Initially, mRNA expression was assessed in premenopausal controls in the secretory (group 1, n = 10) vs. proliferative (group 2, n = 8) phase of menstrual cycle. In addition, we compared premenopausal controls in the proliferative phase (group 2) vs. postmenopausal controls (group 3, n = 5). Finally, we analyzed postmenopausal controls (group 3) vs. postmenopausal women with advanced POP (group 4, n = 13).",
"According to the phase of menstrual cycle, MMP1 was significantly reduced (p = 0.003), whereas the expression of TIMP1 and LOXL4 was significantly up-regulated during proliferative phase (both p < 0.01) when compared to the secretory phase in premenopausal control women. Regarding menopausal status/ageing, all MMPs were down-regulated, while TIMP3, TIMP4 and LOXL2 were significantly up-regulated in postmenopausal control women when compared to premenopausal controls (p = 0.005, p = 0.01 and p < 0.001, correspondingly). TIMP4 and LOXL2 mRNA levels were significantly decreased in postmenopausal POP patients compared to asymptomatic postmenopausal controls (p < 0.01 for both)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Age Factors",
"Aged",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Collagen",
"Elastin",
"Extracellular Matrix",
"Female",
"Gene Expression",
"Humans",
"Matrix Metalloproteinases",
"Menopause",
"Menstrual Cycle",
"Middle Aged",
"Premenopause",
"Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases",
"Vagina"
]
} | Our results indicate that ovarian cycle and age-related changes influence the expression of genes encoding proteins responsible for ECM metabolism in human vagina. Moreover, POP is associated with alteration in vaginal ECM components after menopause. | yes |
15,501,350 | Is [ Menopause in 2004 : `` hormone replacement therapy '' what it used to be anymore ]? | {
"contexts": [
"The data concerning post-menopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) were recently completely modified. The aim of this review is to present the last studies about post-menopausal HRT and to describe new alternatives to this treatment.",
"In May 2002, the women's health initiative (WHI) trial of post-menopausal HRT was interrupted earlier than expected. The studied hormonal formulation in this arm of the WHI trial was the association of conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone. The reason for termination was an increased risk of breast cancer and myocardial infarction in the hormone-therapy group. Later, reports confirmed that this type of HRT could not be used any more for the primary prevention of coronary heart disease even if the absolute risk remained low. There is an increased risk for venous thromboembolism with post-menopausal estroprogestative replacement. This risk does not seem to exist with transdermal estrogens. The other WHI findings concerned the lack of protection against dementia and cognitive decline. On the contrary, osteoporotic hip fractures and colorectal cancers were reduced in the treated group. In April 2004, the estrogen only arm of the same WHI study was also prematurely interrupted because of an increase in the incidence of stroke. The risk of breast cancer was on the contrary not increased after 6.8 years, raising the question of the eventual role of progestins."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"BACKGROUND"
],
"meshes": []
} | The impact of the WHI trial on clinical practice was very important since then. The "Agence Francaise de sécurité sanitaire des produits de santé" (AFSSAPS) edited in May 2004 a public recommendation limiting indication for HRT to patients with severe climacteric symptoms. The treatment must now be prescribed for the shortest time and at the minimal dose. The patient has to be precisely informed about the risks with HRT and the practitioner has to re-evaluate his prescription annually. Hormonal or non-hormonal alternatives have also to be considered as phytoestrogens and tibolone for hot flashes, and raloxifene and diphosphonates for osteoporosis prevention. In any case, a healthy diet, exercise and smoking cessation should be encouraged. | no |
27,023,864 | Are flexible parametric survival models built on age-specific antimüllerian hormone percentiles better predictors of menopause? | {
"contexts": [
"This study aimed to improve existing prediction models for age at menopause.",
"We identified all reproductive aged women with regular menstrual cycles who met our eligibility criteria (n = 1,015) in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study-an ongoing population-based cohort study initiated in 1998. Participants were examined every 3 years and their reproductive histories were recorded. Blood levels of antimüllerian hormone (AMH) were measured at the time of recruitment. Age at menopause was estimated based on serum concentrations of AMH using flexible parametric survival models. The optimum model was selected according to Akaike Information Criteria and the realness of the range of predicted median menopause age.",
"We followed study participants for a median of 9.8 years during which 277 women reached menopause and found that a spline-based proportional odds model including age-specific AMH percentiles as the covariate performed well in terms of statistical criteria and provided the most clinically relevant and realistic predictions. The range of predicted median age at menopause for this model was 47.1 to 55.9 years. For those who reached menopause, the median of the absolute mean difference between actual and predicted age at menopause was 1.9 years (interquartile range 2.9)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aging",
"Anti-Mullerian Hormone",
"Cohort Studies",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Iran",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged"
]
} | The model including the age-specific AMH percentiles as the covariate and using proportional odds as its covariate metrics meets all the statistical criteria for the best model and provides the most clinically relevant and realistic predictions for age at menopause for reproductive-aged women. | yes |
17,201,803 | Does the transition to menopause reinforce adiponectin production and its contribution to improvement of insulin-resistant state? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the influence of menopausal status on the serum adiponectin concentration and investigate whether the contribution of adiponectin to insulin resistance is modified by menopausal status.",
"We conducted a population-based, cross-sectional study of 207 premenopausal and 206 postmenopausal Japanese women.",
"Data on anthropometric characteristics, fasting serum adiponectin, glucose and insulin concentrations were used. Insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance: HOMA-IR) was calculated.",
"Postmenopausal women had significantly higher HOMA-IRs than premenopausal women [1.50 (1.42, 1.59) vs 1.18 (1.12, 1.24), geometric mean (1 standard error range), P = 0.005]. Paradoxically, adiponectin levels in postmenopausal women were also significantly higher than those in premenopausal women [10.3 (9.95, 10.7) vs 9.04 (8.71, 9.39), P = 0.028]. Multiple regression analysis showed that body mass index (BMI) was the only significantly independent predictor [standardized partial regression coefficients (sbeta) = 0.319, P < 0.001] for HOMA-IR among premenopausal women, whereas both BMI and adiponectin were the significant predictors among postmenopausal (sbeta = 0.334 and -0.141, P < 0.001 and < 0.05, respectively). When the subjects were restricted to those without metabolic disorders including high blood pressure, hypertriglyceridaemia, hypo-HDL cholesterolaemia and high fasting glucose, adiponectin (sbeta = -0.249, P < 0.05) was the only significant predictor for HOMA-IR among postmenopausal women but BMI was not significant (sbeta = 0.223, P = 0.075)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adiponectin",
"Blood Glucose",
"Body Mass Index",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Insulin",
"Insulin Resistance",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"Premenopause",
"Regression Analysis"
]
} | The transition to menopause increases serum adiponectin concentrations. And the significant and negative association between adiponectin and HOMA-IR was observed only after menopause. Therefore, adiponectin may play a role in the improvement of an incipient insulin-resistant state after, rather than before, menopause. | yes |
21,785,372 | Are serum estradiol levels associated with urinary incontinence in midlife women transitioning through menopause? | {
"contexts": [
"We evaluated the relationship between annually measured serum endogenous estradiol and the development or worsening of stress and urge incontinence symptoms during a period of 8 years in women transitioning through menopause.",
"This is a longitudinal analysis of women with incontinence in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation, a multicenter, multiracial/ethnic prospective cohort study of community-dwelling women transitioning through menopause. At baseline and at each of the eight annual visits, the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation elicited the frequency and type of incontinence using a self-administered questionnaire and drew a blood sample on days 2 to 5 of the menstrual cycle. All endocrine assays were performed using a double-antibody chemiluminescent immunoassay. We analyzed the data using discrete Cox survival models and generalized estimating equations with time-dependent covariates.",
"Estradiol levels drawn at either the annual visit concurrent with or previous to the first report of incontinence were not associated with the development of any (hazard ratio, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.99-1.01), stress, or urge incontinence in previously continent women. Similarly, estradiol levels were not associated with the worsening of any (odds ratio, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.99-1.01), stress, or urge incontinence in incontinent women. The change in estradiol levels from one year to the next was also not associated with the development (hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97-1.00) or worsening (odds ratio, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.99-1.05) of incontinence."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Disease Progression",
"Estradiol",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Longitudinal Studies",
"Middle Aged",
"Odds Ratio",
"Perimenopause",
"Proportional Hazards Models",
"Prospective Studies",
"Surveys and Questionnaires",
"United States",
"Urinary Incontinence, Stress",
"Urinary Incontinence, Urge"
]
} | We found that annually measured values and year-to-year changes in endogenous estradiol levels had no effect on the development or worsening of incontinence in women transitioning through menopause. | no |
20,395,877 | Are endothelial-mediated microcirculatory responses to an acute estradiol test influenced by time since menopause , cumulative hormone exposure , and vasomotor symptoms? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to determine which factors could influence microcirculatory responses to an acute estradiol test during postmenopause.",
"Dynamic nailfold videocapillaroscopy was performed in 68 healthy 34- to 70-year-old postmenopausal women before and 1 hour after administration of 300 mug nasal estradiol. Red blood cell velocity (RBCV; mm/s) at rest and after the release of 60-second arterial occlusion (RBCVmax; mm/s) and time to reach it (TRBCVmax; s) were correlated to clinical and laboratory data.",
"After estradiol administration, RBCV and RBCVmax increased by 13.4% and 9.4%, respectively, and TRBCVmax decreased by 29.1% (P = 0.0001 for all). These changes were not associated to the women's age but rather to time since menopause (P = 0.04; r = 0.245) and previous duration of hormone therapy (P = 0.03; r = 0.324). Past users of oral contraceptives presented higher velocities but smaller increases compared with never users (12.4% vs 17.7%, P = 0.022, for RBCV and 8.4% vs 13.7%, P = 0.028, for RBCVmax), and triglyceride levels were negatively associated to velocity increases (P = 0.05 and r = -0.243 for RBCV and P = 0.03 and r = -0.261 for RBCVmax) after estradiol administration. Previous smokers showed a smaller reduction in TRBCVmax, associated directly to total estimated number of smoked cigarettes (P = 0.03; r = -0.468). The reduction in TRBCVmax was also inversely related to the intensity of current vasomotor symptoms (P = 0.04; r = -0.252)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Administration, Intranasal",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Blood Flow Velocity",
"Contraceptives, Oral",
"Endothelium, Vascular",
"Erythrocytes",
"Estradiol",
"Estrogens",
"Female",
"Hormone Replacement Therapy",
"Hot Flashes",
"Humans",
"Menopause",
"Microcirculation",
"Microscopy, Video",
"Middle Aged",
"Smoking",
"Time Factors",
"Triglycerides",
"Vasodilation"
]
} | Changes in RBCVs and TRBCVmax after estradiol administration indicate an increase in endothelial-dependent vasodilatation and vascular elasticity, respectively. Moreover, maintenance of endothelial responsiveness depends on cumulative exposure to sex steroids, duration of hormone deprivation, and triglyceride levels. Past smoking and current vasomotor symptoms could be associated to microvascular wall stiffness/elasticity. | yes |
19,157,732 | Does menopause-specific questionnaire assessment in US population-based study show negative impact on health-related quality of life? | {
"contexts": [
"To use the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MENQOL) to assess the impact of menopausal symptoms on health-related quality of life in a large US population-based study.",
"Participants were recruited from the US population through random-digit-dialing and probability sampling. Analyses included 2703 postmenopausal women 40-65 years old in our Menopause Epidemiology Study. Respondents answered a 30-min questionnaire, including the MENQOL.",
"Scores for each domain were: vasomotor: 3.2+/-2.2; psycho-social: 3.3+/-1.8; physical: 3.5+/-1.5; sexual: 2.9+/-2.1. There were significant differences in the MENQOL scores by age, smoking, exercise, education, employment status and BMI. Women aged 60-65 years (p<0.0001), with a bachelor's degree or higher level of education (p<0.0001), who exercised at least 3 days a week (p<0.0001), who had never smoked (p<0.0001), with a body mass index < or =25kg/m(2) (p<0.0001), and who had significantly lower scores indicating better quality of life. Hot flashes affected work (46.0%), social activities (44.4%), leisure activities (47.6%), sleep (82.0%), mood (68.6%), concentration (69.0%), sexual activity (40.9%), total energy level (63.3%) and overall quality of life (69.3%)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Body Mass Index",
"Exercise",
"Female",
"Health Surveys",
"Hot Flashes",
"Humans",
"Middle Aged",
"Postmenopause",
"Psychology",
"Quality of Life",
"Smoking",
"Socioeconomic Factors",
"Surveys and Questionnaires",
"United States",
"Vasomotor System"
]
} | Symptoms experienced during menopause and socio-demographic characteristics affect the quality of life in postmenopausal women. Hot flashes impact the daily activities of most postmenopausal women, especially those with more frequent/severe symptoms. Treatments that safely and effectively treat these symptoms could improve quality of life among postmenopausal women. | yes |
10,430,192 | Do biochemical markers of bone turnover decline after menopause in healthy women? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the duration of high bone turnover after menopause in normal healthy women.",
"Study recruited from three screening studies for health care in the elderly held in the area of Hamamatsu city.",
"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital at Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu.",
"Ninety-two healthy postmenopausal women aged 47-81 years and 18 premenopausal women.",
"Bone mass was determined by densitometry of the spine and the os calcis, or by ultrasound of the os calcis. Biochemical markers of bone turnover were measured including total and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, C-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen, free deoxypyridinoline and urinary degredation products of type I collagen.",
"All markers except the C-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen were significantly higher in early postmenopausal women than in premenopausal women. Postmenopausal women were divided into four groups according to years since menopause. There was no difference in biochemical markers among those women in whom years since menopause were 1 to 5, 6 to 15, 16 to 25 and >26. There were no correlations between biochemical markers and age in postmenopausal women. When the postmenopausal women were divided into three groups according to t-scores of bone mass, there was no significant difference in the biochemical markers among the groups."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Biomarkers",
"Bone Resorption",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Middle Aged",
"Postmenopause",
"Premenopause",
"Time Factors",
"Ultrasonography"
]
} | High bone turnover occuring after menopause lasts for >25 years during the postmenopausal period. | no |
21,972,241 | Is early menopause an independent predictor of rheumatoid arthritis? | {
"contexts": [
"As rheumatoid arthritis (RA) occurs more often in women than in men, it has been suggested that reproductive hormones may play an important role in the pathogenesis.",
"Between 1991 and 1996, 30 447 subjects (18 326 women) were included in a community-based health survey. Information on female hormonal changes and stress-related factors was obtained using a self-administered questionnaire. This population was linked to four different local and national RA registers. The medical records for patients with a diagnosis of RA were subjected to a structured review and all women with incident RA according to the 1987 American College of Rheumatology criteria after inclusion in the health survey were included in a nested case-control study. Matched controls (1:4) were selected from the health survey population.",
"Early age at menopause (≤45 years) was associated with the subsequent development of RA (OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.32 to 4.45). The effect of early menopause remained significant after adjusting for smoking, level of education and length of breastfeeding (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.02 to 3.64)"
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Age Factors",
"Aged",
"Arthritis, Rheumatoid",
"Breast Feeding",
"Educational Status",
"Epidemiologic Methods",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Menopause, Premature",
"Middle Aged",
"Reproductive History",
"Smoking",
"Sweden"
]
} | RA was predicted by an early age at menopause. This implicates an influence of hormonal changes during the fertile period on the development of RA in postmenopausal women. | yes |
9,158,073 | Do climacteric symptoms impair cognitive performances in postmenopause? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate whether information processing and attention performances are affected by climacteric vasomotor symptoms.",
"The study group comprised 66 healthy hysterectomized postmenopausal women. The subjects were divided into two subgroups (high symptomatic and low symptomatic) according to the quantity of climacteric vasomotor symptoms. Information processing was examined using CogniSpeed, a reaction time software that separates, for example, pure controlled processing and working memory from perceptual and motor components. Attention was examined by using visual and auditory tasks. The role of climacteric depression as a determinant of cognitive performance was evaluated by the Beck Depression Inventory and dividing subjects according to self-reported climacteric mood symptoms. The effects of serum oestrogen level and ageing on cognitive performances were also studied.",
"Cognitive performances were similar in high symptomatic and low symptomatic women. On the Verification test younger women had shorter reaction times (P = 0.002) and on the Subtraction test they had fewer errors (P = 0.015) than older women. These tests required working memory and decision making. Accuracy in the tests of sustained and auditory attention worsened slightly with age. Cognitive performances neither correlated with scores on the Beck Depression scale nor with serum oestrogen level. Climacteric mood symptoms did not impair cognitive performance."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aging",
"Attention",
"Climacteric",
"Cognition",
"Confounding Factors (Epidemiology)",
"Depression",
"Estrogens",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Reaction Time",
"Vasomotor System"
]
} | Despite subjective complaints of memory impairment in association with climacteric vasomotor symptoms, our results did not support a direct cause-and-effect relationship. Thus, the minor deficits found in cognitive processing efficiency seem to be related rather to age than climacteric symptoms. | no |
17,412,519 | Is postmenopause associated with recurrence of differentiated papillary thyroid carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"Differentiated papillary thyroid carcinoma (D-PTC) is the most common malignancy arising in the thyroid gland. There are gender differences in the incidence of PTC being mainly observed in females. Low-risk groups consisted of men younger than 40-year-old and women younger than 50-year-old, whereas the high-risk group are older patients. We believe that age is not enough to explain the clinical course of this neoplasm and hypothesize that aggressive behavior of D-PTC may be correlated with hormonal status. Studies that support this idea showed that the follicular neoplastic cells had higher estrogen receptor-alpha in premenopausal (28.1+/-4.5) than in postmenopausal women (14.2+/-2.9). According to author's prior observations, there are evidences correlating recurrence of D-PTC with postmenopause in women. Postmenopause status is characterized by estrogen decrease and FSH increases both associated with EGFR activation. Previous observations identified EGFR over-expression in D-PTC of postmenopause when compared with premenopausal ladies."
],
"labels": [
"UNLABELLED"
],
"meshes": [
"Age Distribution",
"Carcinoma, Papillary",
"Estrogens",
"Female",
"Follicle Stimulating Hormone",
"Humans",
"Neoplasm Recurrence, Local",
"Postmenopause",
"Risk Assessment",
"Risk Factors",
"Statistics as Topic",
"Thyroid Neoplasms"
]
} | Postmenopause is an adverse factor for tumor evolution in women with D-PTC and is associated with EGFR expression. It's introduction in thyroid tumor stratification could be a fine tuning in predicting papillary thyroid carcinoma behavior. | yes |
20,444,912 | Does estrogen deficiency after menopause result in male very-low-density lipoprotein metabolism phenotype? | {
"contexts": [
"Sex differences in lipid metabolism result in a less proatherogenic plasma lipid profile in premenopausal women than men. The mechanisms responsible for this are unclear but are thought to be related to differences in the sex hormone milieu in men and women.",
"Our objective was to evaluate the effect of endogenous sex hormones on very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglyceride (TG) and apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100) metabolism. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We measured basal VLDL-TG and VLDL-apoB-100 concentrations and kinetics by using stable isotope-labeled tracers.",
"Eight premenopausal women [age, 43 + or - 8 yr; body mass index (BMI), 35 + or - 4 kg/m(2); mean + or - sd], eight postmenopausal women (age, 55 + or - 4 yr; BMI, 34 + or - 4 kg/m(2)), and eight men (age, 41 + or - 13 yr; BMI, 34 + or - 4 kg/m(2)) were studied at Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.",
"VLDL-TG secretion rate was approximately double (P < 0.05) in postmenopausal women and men compared with premenopausal women but not different in postmenopausal women and men. The secretion rate of VLDL-apoB-100 was not different in pre- and postmenopausal women but was greater (P < 0.05) in men than in women."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Analysis of Variance",
"Apolipoprotein B-100",
"Body Composition",
"Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay",
"Estradiol",
"Estrogens",
"Female",
"Follicle Stimulating Hormone",
"Humans",
"Insulin Resistance",
"Lipoproteins, VLDL",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Postmenopause",
"Premenopause",
"Progesterone",
"Sex Factors",
"Testosterone",
"Triglycerides"
]
} | Endogenous ovarian sex steroids are responsible for sexual dimorphism in VLDL-TG secretion, whereas VLDL-apoB-100 secretion is not regulated by female reproductive hormones. | no |
9,236,807 | Do women with past history of bone fracture have low spinal bone density before menopause? | {
"contexts": [
"Recent work from our laboratory has demonstrated that young girls with bone fractures have low spinal bone density more often than girls who have never fractured. This study was undertaken to determine whether adult women approaching menopause who have any past history of fracture have lower spinal density than women who have never fractured.",
"A lifetime fracture history was taken from all premenopausal women (n = 59) enrolled in a clinical trial examining the effect of menopause on cardiac risk. Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine was measured at study entry by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (Lunar DPX-L) and results from patients with and without fracture were compared.",
"Women with a previous history of fracture (n = 23) had significantly lower bone density (6% less) than the women who had never broken a bone (n = 36)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Absorptiometry, Photon",
"Bone Density",
"Female",
"Fractures, Bone",
"Humans",
"Lumbar Vertebrae",
"Mass Screening",
"Middle Aged",
"Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal",
"Premenopause",
"Risk Factors"
]
} | We conclude that women who report a previous history of fracture, either as young adults or in childhood, should be targeted for perimenopausal screening for osteoporosis since they are likely to have lower bone density and a greater risk of future fracture than women with no past history of fracture. | yes |
12,009,354 | Is a low number of retrieved oocytes at in vitro fertilization treatment predictive of early menopause? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate whether women with a low number of retrieved oocytes at the first in vitro fertilization (IVF) attempt have an increased risk of early menopause.",
"Nested case-control study.",
"Twelve IVF clinics in the Netherlands.",
"Women participating in a nationwide Dutch cohort study (OMEGA) of ovarian stimulation for IVF and subsequent gynecologic diseases (n = 26,428). Each patient who experienced natural menopause at or before 46 years (n = 38) was individually matched to five controls (n = 190) who had not yet entered menopause at the age the patient became postmenopausal.",
"None.",
"Relative risk of reaching natural menopause at an early age (</=46 years), according to the number of retrieved oocytes at the first IVF attempt.",
"Women with a poor response (zero to three oocytes) had a relative risk of 11.6 (95% confidence interval: 3.9-34.7) of having an early menopause as compared with women who have a normal response (> three oocytes). Women who were stimulated with gonadotropins during IVF treatment but did not undergo an IVF puncture because of an anticipated poor response (canceled IVF cycle) had a relative risk of 8.3 (95% confidence interval: 2.9-23.9)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aging",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Cell Count",
"Cohort Studies",
"Female",
"Fertilization in Vitro",
"Humans",
"Menopause",
"Oocytes",
"Ovulation Induction",
"Prognosis",
"Risk",
"Tissue and Organ Harvesting",
"Treatment Failure"
]
} | These results suggest that women with a low number of retrieved oocytes at the first IVF treatment are more likely to become postmenopausal at an early age than women with a higher number of retrieved oocytes. Our study is the first longitudinal study to provide strong evidence for the quantitative aspect of the ovarian concept of reproductive aging. | yes |
22,537,818 | Are polymorphisms in adiposity-related genes associated with age at menarche and menopause in breast cancer patients and healthy women? | {
"contexts": [
"Is there any effect of genetic polymorphisms in adiposity-related genes on the timing of menarche and menopause and the total duration of menstruation among Korean women?"
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE"
],
"meshes": [
"Adiposity",
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Breast Neoplasms",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Female",
"Genotype",
"Humans",
"Korea",
"Leptin",
"Menarche",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"PPAR gamma",
"Polymorphism, Genetic",
"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide",
"Receptors, Leptin",
"Risk"
]
} | Our results suggest that the adiposity-related genes LEP, LEPR and PPARγ may play a role in the onset and cessation of menstruation, and the total duration of menstruation. | yes |
23,374,709 | Is low BMD an independent predictor of fracture and early menopause of mortality in post-menopausal women -- a 34-year prospective study? | {
"contexts": [
"Identify risk factors for fragility fractures and mortality in women aged 48.",
"Prospective population-based observational study on 390 white north European women aged 48 at study start. At study start, we measured bone mineral density (BMD) by single-photon absorptiometry (SPA) in the distal forearm, anthropometry by standard equipment and registered menopausal status, health and lifestyle factors. Menopause before age 47 was defined as early menopause. Incident fragility fractures and mortality were recorded until the women reached age 82. Potential risk factors for fragility fracture and mortality were evaluated with Cox's proportional hazard regression analysis. Data are presented as risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals in brackets.",
"Incidence of fragility fractures and mortality.",
"In the univariate analysis, low BMD and early menopause predicted fractures. In the multivariate analysis, only BMD remained as an independent risk factor with a RR of 1.36 (1.15, 1.62) per standard deviation (SD) decrease in baseline BMD. In the univariate analysis, early menopause and smoking predicted mortality, and remained as independent risk factors in the multivariate analysis with RR 1.62 (1.09, 2.39) for early menopause and 2.16 (1.53, 3,06) for smoking."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Absorptiometry, Photon",
"Body Mass Index",
"Bone Density",
"Female",
"Fractures, Bone",
"Humans",
"Longitudinal Studies",
"Menopause, Premature",
"Middle Aged",
"Mortality",
"Odds Ratio",
"Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal",
"Postmenopause",
"Proportional Hazards Models",
"Prospective Studies",
"Sweden"
]
} | Low BMD at age 48 is an independent predictor for fragility fractures. The predictive ability of early menopause is at least partially attributed to other associated risk factors. Early menopause and smoking were found in this study to be independent predictors for mortality. | yes |
20,309,677 | Is years from menopause-to-surgery a major factor in the post-operative subjective outcome for pelvic organ prolapse? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of the current study was to determine the main factors associated with post-operative subjective outcome in post-menopausal patients with pelvic organ prolapse.",
"Ninety-four women were selected among patients who underwent surgery for grade 3 or 4 prolapse. The outcome was evaluated by the Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) scale. Multivariate ordinal regression analysis was performed.",
"The number of patients with improvement (1 or 2 on the PGI-I scale) was 88 (93.7%). Age and years from menopause-to-surgery were negatively (beta = -0.16, P = 0.01) and positively (beta = 0.14, P = 0.01) associated with the PGI-I scale. The aging effect was lost after adjusting for prolapse grade."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Age Factors",
"Aged",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Interviews as Topic",
"Middle Aged",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Obesity",
"Patient Satisfaction",
"Pelvic Organ Prolapse",
"Postmenopause",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Time Factors",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | The greater the number of years from menopause-to-pelvic organ prolapse surgery, the less satisfied were the patients. The association between older patients and greater satisfaction appears to be a confounding effect of prolapse grade. | yes |
16,794,486 | Does angiotensin II induce vascular dysfunction without exacerbating blood pressure elevation in a mouse model of menopause-associated hypertension? | {
"contexts": [
"Follitropin-receptor knockout (FORKO) mice are estrogen-deficient, hyperandrogenic and exhibit features of menopause and elevated blood pressure (BP). Because the renin-angiotensin system has been implicated in menopause-associated hypertension, we questioned whether angiotensin II (Ang II) challenge would further increase BP in FORKO mice and whether this is associated with cardiovascular remodeling and inflammation.",
"Ang II (400 ng/kg per min) increased BP, assessed by radiotelemetry, similarly in female FORKO and wild-type (WT) mice. Acetylcholine-induced vasodilation was attenuated and Ang II-induced contraction was enhanced in FORKO mice (P < 0.05). This was associated with increased expression of vascular Ang type 1 receptors (AT1R) and estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha). Vascular structure (media/lumen ratio) was similar in both groups. Abundance of gp91, nitrotyrosine formation and superoxide production, indices of inflammation and cardiac collagen content were increased in Ang II-treated FORKO compared to Ang II-treated WT mice (P < 0.05)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Angiotensin II",
"Animals",
"Blood Pressure",
"Blood Pressure Determination",
"Endothelium, Vascular",
"Female",
"Hypertension",
"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted",
"Mesenteric Arteries",
"Mice",
"Mice, Knockout",
"Models, Animal",
"Oxidative Stress",
"Postmenopause",
"Receptors, Angiotensin",
"Receptors, FSH",
"Renin-Angiotensin System",
"Telemetry"
]
} | Thus, in FORKO mice Ang II exacerbates endothelial dysfunction, augments contractility, increases oxidative stress, and promotes cardiac fibrosis without worsening vascular remodeling or BP elevation compared to Ang II-treated WT controls. Our findings suggest that in FORKO mice Ang II may be more important in influencing vascular tone and endothelial function, possibly through oxidative stress and altered ERalpha signaling, than in arterial remodeling and BP elevation. | yes |
25,137,243 | Does low-dose paroxetine ( 7.5 mg ) improve sleep in women with vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause? | {
"contexts": [
"Sleep disturbances are common among women in midlife; prevalence increases among perimenopausal/postmenopausal women with vasomotor symptoms. Paroxetine 7.5 mg is the only nonhormonal treatment that has been approved in the United States for moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause. In two pivotal phase 3 studies evaluating its efficacy and safety, improvements in sleep disturbances were also prospectively evaluated.",
"Postmenopausal women with moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms were randomly assigned to paroxetine 7.5 mg (n = 591) or placebo (n = 593) once daily for 12 weeks (both studies) or 24 weeks (24-wk study). Predefined assessments on weeks 4, 12, and 24 included number of nighttime awakenings attributed to vasomotor symptoms, sleep-onset latency, sleep duration, and sleep-related adverse events. The two studies' data for weeks 1 to 12 were pooled.",
"At baseline, participants reported a mean of 3.6 awakenings/night attributed to vasomotor symptoms. Nighttime awakenings attributed to vasomotor symptoms were significantly reduced within 4 weeks of initiating paroxetine 7.5 mg treatment (39% reduction vs 28% for placebo; P = 0.0049), and reductions were sustained through 12 or 24 weeks of treatment. Paroxetine 7.5 mg treatment also significantly increased nighttime sleep duration (week 4, +31 vs +16 min for placebo; P = 0.0075), but no significant between-group differences in sleep-onset latency or sleep-related adverse events such as sedation were observed."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Double-Blind Method",
"Female",
"Hot Flashes",
"Humans",
"Middle Aged",
"Paroxetine",
"Placebos",
"Postmenopause",
"Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors",
"Single-Blind Method",
"Sleep",
"Sleep Wake Disorders"
]
} | In postmenopausal women treated for menopausal vasomotor symptoms, paroxetine 7.5 mg significantly reduces the number of nighttime awakenings attributed to vasomotor symptoms and increases sleep duration without differentially affecting sleep-onset latency or sedation. | yes |
27,801,704 | Does vertical sleeve gastrectomy improve indices of metabolic disease in rodent model of surgical menopause? | {
"contexts": [
"Although women are the most common recipients of weight loss surgeries for the amelioration of the comorbidities of obesity, few studies have addressed the efficacy of these procedures with specific attention to reproductive stage. Here we ask in a rodent model of vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) whether improvements to metabolic health are realized in women having received surgical menopause. Specifically we were interested in knowing whether rats made menopausal through surgical means would exhibit persistent hepatic steatosis as reported in previously pregnant, freely cycling female VSG rats or if it is resolved as reported in male VSG rats.",
"All the rats first received ovariectomy (OVX) and then were placed on high-fat diet before either sham or VSG surgery (N = 12, 9) and then were monitored for resolution of obesity-related comorbidities.",
"VSG was sufficient to reduce weight and adiposity in OVX females in comparison to obese rats (P < 0.001). Glucose tolerance (P < 0.05) was improved in OVX-VSG females with no change in insulin sensitivity. Both circulating (P < 0.01) and hepatic triglyceride (P < 0.01) levels were also reduced after VSG. Liver integrity was improved in OVX-VSG in comparison to OVX-obese as reflected by reduced aspartate aminotransferase levels (P < 0.05). The ability of mitochondria to generate adenosine triphosphate was maintained, and an increase in complex IV may decrease the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenosine Triphosphate",
"Adiposity",
"Alanine Transaminase",
"Animals",
"Aspartate Aminotransferases",
"Bariatric Surgery",
"Blood Glucose",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Fatty Liver",
"Female",
"Gastrectomy",
"Liver",
"Menopause",
"Mitochondria, Liver",
"Obesity",
"Ovariectomy",
"Rats",
"Rats, Long-Evans",
"Triglycerides",
"Weight Loss"
]
} | Taken together, VSG in OVX rats experience many positive benefits including the resolution of hepatic steatosis that persists in reproductively intact female rats after VSG. | yes |
18,600,211 | Does menopause not aldosterone-to-renin ratio predict blood pressure response to a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist in primary care hypertensive patients? | {
"contexts": [
"It has been suggested that hypertensive patients with raised aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR) are specifically sensitive to mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs). We have previously shown that patients with an elevated ARR are relatively frequent in the setting of primary care. We therefore designed an interventional study to ascertain whether primary care hypertensive patients with an elevated ARR presented a superior response to MRA treatment than subjects with normal ratio.",
"According to the previously observed distribution in general population, 1/3 and 2/3 of hypertensive patients with high or normal ARR, respectively, were treated with kanrenoate 50-100 mg/day for 2 months. To avoid uncontrolled blood pressure (BP), 49% of patients continued also \"ARR-neutral\" drugs such as verapamil and/or alpha-adrenergic blockers. Patients groups were matched for most features but an elevated ARR was more frequent in female than in male gender; moreover, 90% of women with raised ARR were in menopause.",
"A clear reduction of BP values was recorded after both the first and the second month of treatment with kanrenoate, with the maximal effect obtained when the dosage titration at 100 mg/day was accomplished. However, patients previously identified by a raised ARR did not have a larger response to MRA treatment than patients with normal ratio. In contrast, MRA was twofold more effective in reducing SBP in women than in men (after 2 months of treatment -16.4 mm Hg vs.-8.2 mm Hg)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aldosterone",
"Blood Pressure",
"Canrenoic Acid",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Hypertension",
"Male",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists",
"Receptors, Mineralocorticoid",
"Renin",
"Verapamil"
]
} | These results suggest that postmenopausal hypertension is largely dependent on mineralocorticoid receptor activation and selectively sensitive to MRAs. | yes |
18,178,196 | Do follicle-stimulating hormone receptor and DAZL gene polymorphisms affect the age of menopause? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate whether single nucleotide FSH receptor and DAZL gene polymorphisms are associated with menarche and menopause timing.",
"Prospective study.",
"Siena and Münster Universities.",
"Physiologically menopausal women.",
"The presence of FSH receptor or DAZL gene polymorphisms was investigated. Blood samples were collected and polymorphisms evaluated in extracted genomic DNA.",
"Menarche age, menopausal age, and total years of fertility were evaluated on the basis of FSH receptor (genotypes Asn/Asn, Asn/Ser, and Ser/Ser at codon 680) and DAZL gene.",
"The median age of menarche was 13 years in the Asn/Asn group and 12 years in the Asn/Ser and Ser/Ser groups. The median age at menopause was 50 years in the Asn/Asn and Asn/Ser groups and 51 years in the Ser/Ser group. The length of the fertile period was 37 years in the Asn/Asn group, 38 years in the Asn/Ser group, and 39 years in the Ser/Ser group. Regarding the DAZL polymorphism, A/A, A/G, and G/G had the same age at menarche, age at menopause, and length of fertile period."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Age Factors",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Child",
"Female",
"Fertility",
"Genotype",
"Humans",
"Menarche",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide",
"Prospective Studies",
"RNA-Binding Proteins",
"Receptors, FSH"
]
} | We found that genotype of FSH receptor or SNP of DAZL do not predict the age at natural menopause and duration of fertility in women. The presence of Asn680/Asn680 genotype is associated with a slightly delayed age at menarche. | no |
18,177,456 | Is hormonal replacement therapy after menopause protective of disease activity in women with inflammatory bowel disease? | {
"contexts": [
"The nature of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) following menopause has not been previously studied. The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of menopause on disease activity and identify possible modifiers of disease activity.",
"This was a retrospective study of women followed at the University of Chicago IBD Clinic. Disease activity was assessed using clinical scoring systems during the pre- and postmenstrual periods of subjects. Variables of interest included: history of smoking, use of oral contraceptives (OCP) prior to onset of menopause, and use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT).",
"Sixty-five women were included, 20 with ulcerative colitis and 45 with Crohn's disease. The median age of menopause was similar to historical controls. Twenty-three patients (35%) experienced active symptoms in the premenopausal time period and 25 patients (38%) had disease indices consistent with a flare within the first 2 yr after menopause (P > 0.05). There was no relation between those who had a pre- versus postmenstrual flare as a group (P > 0.05). However, there was a significant protective effect on disease activity with postmenopausal HRT use (hazard ratio [HR] 0.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04-0.72). There was also a dose-response effect noted with an HR with longer duration of use (0.20, 0.07-0.65)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Climacteric",
"Colitis, Ulcerative",
"Crohn Disease",
"Disease Progression",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Estrogen Replacement Therapy",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Middle Aged",
"Proportional Hazards Models",
"Registries",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Secondary Prevention"
]
} | The likelihood of having a flare postmenopause is not different from having it premenopause. HRT, however, may provide a protective effect for disease activity in the postmenopausal period. The anti-inflammatory effects of estrogen may be the mechanism for this observation. | yes |
12,939,416 | Is seizure frequency associated with age at menopause in women with epilepsy? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether the age at menopause in women with epilepsy is associated with seizure frequency.",
"Women with epilepsy ages 45 and older from urban epilepsy centers were surveyed by interview and chart review for reproductive and general health characteristics, as well as seizure history, including frequency and treatment. Women who were not menopausal (> or = 1 year since last menses) were excluded. Subjects were divided into low, high, and intermediate seizure frequency groups. Statistical analyses included a one-way analysis of variance along with post hoc analysis (Bonferroni approach) to calculate pairwise comparisons.",
"Sixty-eight subjects had a mean age at last menses (menopause) of 47.8 years (SD +/- 4.1, range 37 to 59 years). The age at menopause was 49.9 years in the low seizure frequency group (n = 15), 47.7 years in the intermediate seizure frequency group (n = 25), and 46.7 in the high seizure frequency group (n = 28). The difference in age at menopause in the three groups spanned approximately 3 years (p = 0.042). There was a negative correlation between the age at menopause and seizure group based on estimated lifetime seizures (p = 0.014, r = -0.310). No confounding influences such as history of cigarette smoking, number of pregnancies, or use of enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs were present."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Age Factors",
"Age of Onset",
"Aged",
"Epilepsy",
"Female",
"Gonadotropins, Pituitary",
"Humans",
"Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"Ovary",
"Reproductive History"
]
} | Seizure frequency or lifetime number of seizures is associated with the timing of cessation of reproductive cycling. Seizures may disrupt hypothalamic and pituitary function or alter neurally mediated trophic effects on the ovary. | yes |
26,778,586 | Does early menopause influence left ventricular diastolic dysfunction : A clinical observational study in healthy subjects? | {
"contexts": [
"The prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) sharply increases in women after their 50s and may contribute to the high prevalence of diastolic heart failure in elderly women. A decrease in estrogen levels after menopause is postulated to be one of the mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon. However, there is a paucity of data on the relationship between the timing of menopause and the progression of LVDD in the clinical setting; thus, we investigated this relationship in healthy postmenopausal women.",
"We enrolled 115 women and divided them into two groups according to median menopause age: 61 who experienced menopause at ≤50 years (early menopause group), and 54 who experienced menopause at >50 years (late menopause group). We compared the echocardiographic and clinical characteristics between the two groups.",
"There were no significant differences in LV diastolic parameters (mitral E/A, p=0.561; e', p=0.052; E/e', p=0.081; DCT, p=0.082; prevalence of LVDD class, p=0.801), as well as other echocardiographic parameters and clinical characteristics between the two groups. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the independent determinants of LVDD were age and body mass index, but not the timing of menopause."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Age Factors",
"Body Mass Index",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Diastole",
"Echocardiography, Doppler",
"Female",
"Healthy Volunteers",
"Heart Ventricles",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Stroke Volume",
"Ventricular Dysfunction, Left"
]
} | Early menopause did not influence the progression of LVDD in postmenopausal women. The sharp progression of LVDD in elderly women is complex and probably influenced by multiple factors. | no |
19,194,113 | Are estradiol and testosterone levels lower after oophorectomy than after natural menopause? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to compare hormone levels between women who became postmenopausal after a prophylactic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and women who became postmenopausal in a natural way.",
"In this cross-sectional study, we investigated estradiol, testosterone, SHBG, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels in 35 surgically and 40 naturally postmenopausal women.",
"Serum samples were drawn at a mean age of 45.9 years for women with surgical menopause and at 56.5 years for women with natural menopause. Mean estradiol levels declined 1.4 pmol/l per year in both menopausal groups, however, at an 11.1 pmol/l lower level for women with surgical menopause. Testosterone levels of naturally postmenopausal women remained stable at a level of 0.89 nmol/l, while testosterone levels of the surgically postmenopausal women declined 0.04 nmol/l per year."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Estradiol",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3",
"Insulin-Like Growth Factor I",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"Ovariectomy",
"Ovary",
"Postmenopause",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin",
"Testosterone"
]
} | For IGF-1, IGFBP-3 and SHBG, no differences were found between surgically and naturally postmenopausal women. Lower estradiol levels of surgically as compared to naturally postmenopausal women seem to be fully explained by the earlier onset of menopause in combination with the same age-related decrease. However, a decrease in testosterone levels seems to occur in oophorectomized women only, suggesting postmenopausal activity of ovaries in situ. | yes |
17,852,142 | Does menopause alter the metabolism of serum serotonin precursors and their correlation with gonadotropins and estradiol? | {
"contexts": [
"Tryptophan, the serotonin (5-HT) precursor, is circulating in blood in both free (FT) and protein-bound forms. The free form crosses the hematoencephalic barrier and is converted into 5-HT. During the fertile years, tryptophan levels are negatively correlated to gonadotropin concentrations. The present study aims to evaluate the correlation between circulating tryptophan, gonadotropin and estradiol (E2) levels postmenopause.",
"Serum levels of total tryptophan (TT, free + protein-bound) and FT, and plasma luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and E2 were determined in 15 postmenopausal women and 15 cycling women during follicular (days 7-10), periovulatory (days 13-16) and luteal (days 21-24) phases of the menstrual cycle. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, linear correlation coefficients and hierarchical cluster analysis of variables.",
"TT, but not FT, levels were significantly (p<0.05) higher in postmenopausal (12.07+/-0.40 microg/ml) than fertile women in the periovulatory period (10.46+/-0.36 microg/ml). In postmenopausal women, there was no significant correlation between TT and FT, nor between these tryptophan forms and gonadotropins, but only between FT and E2. Cluster analysis showed that the main cluster composed by FSH-LH-TT-FT observed in fertile women was absent in postmenopause, since both serum tryptophan forms were distant from gonadotropins."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Analysis of Variance",
"Estradiol",
"Female",
"Follicle Stimulating Hormone",
"Gonadotropins, Pituitary",
"Humans",
"Luteinizing Hormone",
"Middle Aged",
"Postmenopause",
"Reference Values",
"Tryptophan",
"Women's Health"
]
} | High TT levels circulate in postmenopausal women, with lack of correlation between TT and FT, and FT/TT and gonadotropins. Since estrogens play a pivotal role on central 5-HT metabolism, estrogen deprivation may alter the brain tryptophan utilization for 5-HT synthesis and its relation to gonadotropin release. | yes |
20,061,896 | Is aLOX12 gene associated with the onset of natural menopause in white women? | {
"contexts": [
"Natural menopause is a key physiological event in a woman's life. Timing of menopause affects risk for many postmenopausal systemic disorders and may thus influence life expectancy. Age at natural menopause (ANM) is largely determined genetically, but a list of candidate genes is far from complete. This study investigated the ALOX12 gene for its possible association with ANM.",
"Six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the gene (rs9904779, rs2073438, rs11571340, rs434473, rs2307214, and rs312462) were genotyped in a random sample of 210 unrelated white women. The SNPs and common haplotypes were then analyzed for their association with ANM. Smoking, alcohol consumption, and duration of breast-feeding were used as covariates.",
"Two SNPs, rs9904779 and rs434473 (encodes a replacement of asparagine by serine in the protein), were significantly associated with ANM (P = 0.022 and 0.033, respectively). The minor alleles of both SNPs seem to promote about 1.3- to 1.5-year earlier menopause and confer a 1.6 to 1.8 times higher risk for early menopause. All SNPs indicated significant or nearly significant interactions with alcohol use and duration of breast-feeding. Five common haplotypes were also associated with ANM."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aging",
"Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase",
"European Continental Ancestry Group",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide"
]
} | The ALOX12 gene seems to be associated with the timing of natural menopause in white women. | yes |
18,202,962 | Have life prevalence of hormone replacement therapy and profile of users changed among women with self-reported menopause in the last two decades in Porto , Portugal? | {
"contexts": [
"To describe the prevalence of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in a Portuguese population by menopause date, from 1985 to 2005.",
"Participants were 382 postmenopausal women assessed as part of the ongoing follow-up evaluation of a cohort of Portuguese adults. Data were collected on education, lifetime use of oral contraceptives, menopause status, spontaneous or surgical menopause, and lifetime use of HRT. HRT use was analysed yearly and across 5-year menopause intervals, from 1985 to 2005.",
"Overall, 40.1% of women who entered menopause between 1985 and 2005 reported having ever used HRT. No significant trend was observed throughout the 20-year period or across the 5-year intervals. Additionally, no trend was observed in HRT prevalence among women who either reported surgical or spontaneous menopause. Median education increased significantly among both HRT users and non-users; however, from 1990 onwards, HRT users were significantly more educated than non-users."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Cohort Studies",
"Confidence Intervals",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Educational Status",
"Estrogen Replacement Therapy",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"Odds Ratio",
"Patient Acceptance of Health Care",
"Portugal",
"Prevalence"
]
} | The prevalence of use of HRT and characteristics of users among Portuguese women living in Porto and entering menopause in the last 20 years have not changed substantially. | no |
17,213,751 | Is menopause , but not age , an independent risk factor for fasting plasma glucose levels in nondiabetic women? | {
"contexts": [
"Glucose metabolism is influenced by various genetic and environmental factors. In women the prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism is known to increase around and after age 50. The aim of this study was to determine whether menopause augments fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels in women.",
"Of 672 Japanese women who underwent health examinations, we studied 505 nondiabetic participants who had no history of hysterectomy and had never used estrogens or progestins. All participants were administered an oral glucose tolerance test, and their blood measurements and information about their menopause status were obtained.",
"Of these 505 women, 208 were premenopausal and 297 were postmenopausal. Age, body mass index, triglycerides level, total cholesterol level, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, blood pressure, and homeostasis model assessment insulin sensitivity index rose across quintiles of FPG levels, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and homeostasis model assessment pancreatic beta-cell function index did not. The number of premenopausal women declined and the number of postmenopausal women increased across quintiles of FPG levels. Univariate regression analysis demonstrated that age, body mass index, triglycerides level, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, and menopause status were associated with FPG level, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was not. Stepwise multivariate regression analysis showed that the independent risk factors for elevated FPG levels were body mass index, menopause, and triglycerides level, whereas age and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level did not contribute to FPG levels."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aging",
"Blood Glucose",
"Body Mass Index",
"Cholesterol, LDL",
"Coronary Disease",
"Female",
"Glucose Intolerance",
"Glucose Tolerance Test",
"Humans",
"Insulin Resistance",
"Japan",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"Reference Values",
"Regression Analysis",
"Risk Factors",
"Triglycerides",
"Women's Health"
]
} | Menopause, but not age, is directly involved in augmented FPG levels in nondiabetic women. | yes |
19,387,417 | Are type 2 diabetes mellitus and other cardiovascular risk factors no more common during menopause : longitudinal study? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to undertake a prospective study of the changes in certain risk factors for cardiovascular disease occurring during menopause.",
"A longitudinal cohort study of 475 women was followed up for 6 years (Pizarra Study). The final menstrual period was defined after at least 6 months of amenorrhea. The women were classified into three groups: group 1, no menopause at either the first or second study; group 2, no menopause at the first study but menopause at the second study (6 y later); and group 3, menopause at the first study (and also at the second). The following are the main outcome measures used: age; body mass index; waist circumference; waist-to-hip ratio; skinfold thickness; arm circumference; intake of macronutrients (quantitative questionnaire); systolic and diastolic blood pressures; cholesterol, triglycerides; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; uric acid; homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; and the prevalence of obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, impaired glucose tolerance, and impaired fasting glucose.",
"None of the cardiovascular risk factors studied changed during the passage from premenopause to postmenopause, independently of age or physical activity."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Blood Pressure",
"Body Mass Index",
"Cardiovascular Diseases",
"Cohort Studies",
"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2",
"Diet",
"Female",
"Glucose Intolerance",
"Humans",
"Hypertension",
"Insulin Resistance",
"Lipids",
"Longitudinal Studies",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"Obesity",
"Prospective Studies",
"Risk Factors",
"Skinfold Thickness",
"Spain",
"Waist Circumference",
"Waist-Hip Ratio"
]
} | Menopause is a biological condition of the human species, for which has recently received attempts at medicalization that were not always justified. If menopause is not accompanied by any other cardiovascular risk factor independently of age, the stigma of menopause being considered a risk factor should cease. Although the results have the strength of a prospective study, the sample size forced us to consider these findings as preliminary. | yes |
10,458,225 | Do adjuvant treatment and onset of menopause predict weight gain after breast cancer diagnosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Weight gain is common during the first year after breast cancer diagnosis. In this study, we examined clinical factors associated with body size at diagnosis and weight gain during the subsequent year.",
"An inception cohort of 535 women with newly diagnosed locoregional breast cancer underwent anthropometric measurements at baseline and 1 year. Information was collected on tumor- and treatment-related variables, as well as diet and physical activity.",
"Mean age was 50.3 years; 57% of women were premenopausal. Mean baseline body mass index (weight [kg] divided by height [m] squared) was 25.5 kg/m2. Overall, 84.1% of the patients gained weight. Mean weight gain was 1.6 kg (95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 1.9 kg), 2.5 kg (95% confidence interval, 1.8 to 3.2 kg) in those receiving chemotherapy, 1.3 kg (95% confidence interval, 0.7 to 1.8 kg) in those receiving tamoxifen only, and 0.6 kg (95% confidence interval, 0.01 to 1.3 kg) in those receiving no adjuvant treatment. Menopausal status at diagnosis (P = .02), change in menopausal status over the subsequent year (P = .002), axillary nodal status (P = .009), and adjuvant treatment (P = .0002) predicted weight gain in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, onset of menopause and administration of chemotherapy were independent predictors of weight gain (all P < or = .05). Caloric intake decreased (P < .01) and physical activity increased (P < .05) during the year after diagnosis; these factors did not explain the observed weight gain."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Age of Onset",
"Anthropometry",
"Body Mass Index",
"Breast Neoplasms",
"Chemotherapy, Adjuvant",
"Energy Intake",
"Exercise",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Lymphatic Metastasis",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Weight Gain"
]
} | Weight gain is common after breast cancer diagnosis; use of adjuvant chemotherapy and onset of menopause are the strongest clinical predictors of this weight gain. | yes |
20,531,232 | Are tNFRSF11A and TNFSF11 associated with age at menarche and natural menopause in white women? | {
"contexts": [
"Menarche and menopause mark the lower and upper limits of the female reproductive period. The timing of these events influences women's health in later life. The onsets of menarche and menopause have a strong genetic basis. We tested two genes, TNFRSF11A (RANK) and TNFSF11 (RANKL), for their association with age at menarche (AM) and age at natural menopause (ANM).",
"Nineteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TNFRSF11A and 12 SNPs of TNFSF11 were genotyped in a random sample of 306 unrelated white women. This sample was analyzed for the association of the SNPs and common haplotypes with AM. Then, a subsample of 211 women with natural menopause was analyzed for the association of both genes with ANM. Smoking, alcohol intake, and duration of lactation were applied as covariates in the association analyses.",
"Three polymorphisms of TNFSF11 were associated with AM: rs2200287 (P = 0.005), rs9525641 (P = 0.039), and rs1054016 (P = 0.047). Two SNPs of this gene, rs346578 and rs9525641, showed an association with ANM (P = 0.007 and P = 0.011, respectively). Two SNPs of TNFRSF11A were associated with AM (rs3826620; P = 0.022) and ANM (rs8086340; P = 0.015). Multiple SNP-SNP and SNP-environment interaction effects on AM and ANM were detected for both genes. One polymorphism of TNFRSF11A, rs4436867, was not directly associated with either trait but indicated significant interactions with four TNFSF11 polymorphisms on ANM. Two other TNFRSF11A polymorphisms, rs4941125 and rs7235803, showed interaction effects with several TNFSF11 polymorphisms on AM. Both genes manifested significant interaction with the duration of breast-feeding in their effect on ANM."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Age of Onset",
"Breast Feeding",
"European Continental Ancestry Group",
"Female",
"Haplotypes",
"Humans",
"Menarche",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide",
"RANK Ligand",
"Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B"
]
} | The TNFRSF11A and TNFSF11 genes are associated with the onset of AM and ANM in white women. | yes |
15,205,567 | Is body mass index but not a polymorphism of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist ( IL-1 RA ) gene associated with age at natural menopause? | {
"contexts": [
"A genetic component of the onset of menopause has been described and several candidate genes have been identified. We hypothesized that carriage of a polymorphism of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene (IL-1 RA) is associated with an early age at menopause.",
"In a prospective cohort study, 90 consecutive postmenopausal Caucasian women were genotyped by PCR for the presence of an 86-base pair tandem repeat polymorphism in intron 2 of IL-1 RA.",
"We found that 36/90 (40%) women were homozygous for the wild-type allele 1 and 49/90 (54%) women were heterozygous for any of the variant alleles (1/2 [n = 44], 1/3 [n = 3], 2/3 [n = 2]). Two women (2%) were homozygous carriers of the variant allele 2. The wild-type allele 1 was identified on 119 of 180 chromosomes for an allele frequency of 0.66. The polymorphic alleles 2 and 3 were present on 56 and 5 chromosomes, respectively (allele frequencies 0.31 and 0.03, respectively). No correlation between the IL-1 RA genotype and the age at menarche and menopause, the length of the reproductive period, and the number of deliveries and miscarriages was ascertained. As to allele frequencies, homozygous and heterozygous carriers of the variant allele 2 had a median age at menopause of 50 (range 40-48) years, compared to 49.5 (range 39-56) years for women with no allele 2 (p value 0.41). Women with at least one allele 2 had a median age at menarche of 13 (range 10-16) years, compared to 13 (range 10-17) years for women with no allele 2 (p value 0.1). Decreasing body mass index, but not smoking, was correlated with an increasing age at natural menopause (r = -0.23, p = 0.04)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Age Factors",
"Alleles",
"Analysis of Variance",
"Base Sequence",
"Body Mass Index",
"Cohort Studies",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein",
"Menarche",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"Molecular Sequence Data",
"Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Polymorphism, Genetic",
"Prospective Studies",
"Risk Assessment",
"Sensitivity and Specificity",
"Sialoglycoproteins",
"Statistics, Nonparametric"
]
} | Our preliminary data suggest that an 86-base pair tandem repeat polymorphism in intron 2 of IL-1 RA does not modulate the onset and cessation of menses in this cohort of Caucasian women. | yes |
14,757,274 | Is menometrorrhagia in the perimenopause associated with increased serum estradiol? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible association between menometrorrhagia and the level of endogenous estrogen in perimenopausal women.",
"A prospective controlled study in which 28 perimenopausal women > 40 years presenting with menometrorrhagia were compared with 28 age-matched (+/- 2 years) women with normal cyclical menstrual periods concerning levels of estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Neither of the two groups had received sexual hormone treatment at least in 2 weeks preceding the hormonal assessment.",
"The serum level estradiol in the patients was significantly higher than in the controls (0.55 nmol/l versus 0.24 nmol/l), whereas FSH was not significantly different between the two groups (21.2 IU/l versus 11.8 IU/l). Twenty of the 28 patients had performed at histologic examination of the endometrium, and 10 of these (50%) had signs of endometrial hyperplasia. No relationship was found between the endometrial histology and the estradiol level."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Case-Control Studies",
"Climacteric",
"Estradiol",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Menorrhagia",
"Middle Aged",
"Prospective Studies"
]
} | An association between a high endogenous estradiol level and menometrorrhagia in the perimenopause was demonstrated. This may have implications for the choice of treatment in this group of women. It is proposed that this type of bleeding disturbances should be controlled by progestins only, and not with combined estrogen-progestin treatment. Suppression of the associated hyperestrogenism could be achieved by use of oral contraceptives or GnRH agonists. | yes |
14,757,272 | Does menopause induced by oophorectomy reveal a role of ovarian estrogen on the maintenance of pressure homeostasis? | {
"contexts": [
"Following spontaneous menopause women show a greater increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure than men of the same age. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of acute ovarian hormone withdrawal and replacement on blood pressure and forearm blood flow.",
"We studied 18 fertile middle-aged normotensive women (48 +/- 1.5 years, range 46-51 years) 1 week prior and 1 month subsequent to bilateral oophorectomy by means of 24-h blood pressure monitoring and strain-gauge venous occlusion plethysmography. Eighteen subjects who had undergone hysterectomy with ovarian sparing, matched for age and biophysical characteristics, were used as a control group. All women were free from cardiovascular risk factors or disease.",
"Oophorectomy increased the mean values of 24 h (P < 0.001), daytime (P < 0.05), and nighttime (P < 0.01) diastolic blood pressure and nighttime systolic blood pressure (P < 0.01). Blood pressure increase was associated with a rise in forearm vascular resistance (P < 0.01). No significant changes in either blood pressure or forearm vascular resistance values were observed in hysterectomized women. In 16 oophorectomized women a 3-month estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) (17beta-estradiol, 100 mcg/day by transdermal patches) brought blood pressure and forearm vascular resistance values to a level comparable to that recorded before intervention."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Case-Control Studies",
"Circadian Rhythm",
"Estradiol",
"Estrogen Replacement Therapy",
"Female",
"Forearm",
"Hemostasis",
"Humans",
"Hypertension",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"Ovariectomy",
"Vascular Resistance"
]
} | Surgically-induced menopause causes an increase in peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure suggesting a role of ovarian hormones in the homeostatic pressure modulation. Recovery of the baseline condition after ERT suggests that the accelerated increase in blood pressure after menopause is due to ovarian and above all estrogen insufficiency. | yes |
22,310,107 | Are gene variants in PPARD and PPARGC1A associated with timing of natural menopause in the general Japanese population? | {
"contexts": [
"Timing of menopause affects postmenopausal health risks. The objective of this study was to evaluate the associations of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-related genes (PPARD, PPARG, and PPARGC1A) and environmental factors with timing of natural menopause among the general Japanese population.",
"We analyzed cross-sectional data from 1758 women aged 40-69 years who were enrolled in the baseline surveys of the Japan Multi-institutional Collaborative Cohort (J-MICC) Study.",
"Associations of timing of natural menopause with its probable covariates and with target gene variants were evaluated by univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models.",
"Lower body mass index and later age at menarche were significantly associated with earlier natural menopause. Women with minor alleles at T-48444C in PPARD showed a significantly higher adjusted hazard ratio of 1.57 (95% confidence interval: 1.18-2.10) for earlier natural menopause. In contrast, women with minor alleles at Thr394Thr in PPARGC1A showed a significantly lower adjusted hazard ratio of 0.86 (0.76-0.97) for earlier natural menopause. These associations did not substantially alter when re-analyzed after excluding the subjects who self-reported a history of diabetes or the subjects whose age was more than 65 years."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Age Factors",
"Aged",
"Alleles",
"Asian Continental Ancestry Group",
"Body Mass Index",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Female",
"Genotype",
"Heat-Shock Proteins",
"Humans",
"Japan",
"Menarche",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"PPAR delta",
"Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha",
"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide",
"Proportional Hazards Models",
"Transcription Factors"
]
} | Gene variants in PPARD and PPARGC1A might be associated with timing of natural menopause, probably through direct actions on the ovaries, among the general Japanese population. | yes |
16,126,796 | Are early menopause , low body mass index , and smoking independent risk factors for developing giant cell arteritis? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess female sex hormone related variables in a group of women with biopsy positive giant cell arteritis and a control group.",
"49 women with biopsy positive giant cell arteritis, aged 50 to 69 years at the time of diagnosis, answered a questionnaire on hormonal and reproductive factors. The same questions were answered by a large population of women from the same geographical area in connection with routine mammograms. The results were tested statistically, using logistic regression analysis of each variable adjusted for age, and a multivariate logistic regression analysis including age and the variables which differed significantly between giant cell arteritis and controls.",
"From the multivariate logistic regression analysis, three independent variables were associated with an increased risk of having giant cell arteritis: smoking and being an ex-smoker (odds ratio (OR) = 6.324 (95% confidence interval (CI), 3.503 to 11.418), p<0.0001); body mass index (a reduction of 1.0 kg/m2 increased the risk by 10% (OR = 0.898 (0.846 to 0.952), p = 0.0003); and menopause before the age of 43 (OR = 3.521 (1.717 to 7.220), p = 0.0006)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Body Mass Index",
"Breast Feeding",
"Female",
"Giant Cell Arteritis",
"Humans",
"Menopause, Premature",
"Middle Aged",
"Reproductive History",
"Risk Factors",
"Smoking"
]
} | There was a significant association between hormonal and reproduction related factors and the risk of developing giant cell arteritis in women given the diagnosis before the age of 70. The results suggest a possible role of oestrogen deficiency in the pathogenesis of giant cell arteritis. To confirm the results, an extended study will be needed, including women older than 70. | yes |
22,969,140 | Is endothelial function impaired across the stages of the menopause transition in healthy women? | {
"contexts": [
"The stages of the menopause transition are characterized by changes in ovarian hormones and increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and vasomotor symptoms that may adversely affect vascular health.",
"We tested the hypothesis that endothelial function, a predictor of CVD, would be reduced across the stages of the menopause transition, independent of CVD risk factors and vasomotor symptoms.",
"This was a cross-sectional study of 132 healthy women from the general community aged 22-70 yr, categorized as premenopausal (n = 33, 32 ± 6 yr; mean ± SD), early perimenopausal (n = 20, 49 ± 3 yr) or late perimenopausal (n = 22, 50 ± 4 yr), or early (n = 30, 55 ± 3 yr) or late postmenopausal (n = 27, 61 ± 4 yr).",
"Endothelial-dependent vasodilation was measured by brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) using ultrasound.",
"Brachial artery FMD was significantly different among the groups (P < 0.001). It was highest in premenopausal women (9.9 ± 2.1%) with progressive decrements in perimenopausal (early: 8.2 ± 2.5%; late: 6.5 ± 1.9%) and postmenopausal women (early: 5.5 ± 1.9%; late: 4.7 ± 1.7%). Adjustment for risk factors, vasomotor symptoms, and sex hormones did not alter the association (P < 0.001). In subgroup analyses of women aged 50-59 yr, brachial artery FMD was lower in late peri- and early and late postmenopausal compared with early perimenopausal women (P < 0.001) but was not different between late perimenopausal and either early or late postmenopausal women."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Brachial Artery",
"Cardiovascular Diseases",
"Cohort Studies",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Endothelium, Vascular",
"Female",
"Health",
"Humans",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"Risk Factors",
"Ultrasonography",
"Vasodilation",
"Women's Health",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Our findings suggest that a decline in endothelial function begins during the early stages of menopause (perimenopause) and worsens with the loss of ovarian function and prolonged estrogen deficiency. These data add to the accumulating evidence that the perimenopausal window is a critical time period for adverse changes in CVD risk. | yes |
9,032,743 | Are alcohol consumption and age of maternal menopause associated with menopause onset? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine whether a number of nutritional and familial factors were associated with menopausal development.",
"A prospective postal survey amongst a random sample of 1227 women aged 47 to 51 who were premenopausal in a cross-sectional survey 2 years previously. Women were classed into three groups; premenopause (regular menstruation); irregular menstruation; postmenopausal (absence of menstrual cycle for at least 6 months). Proportional odds regression was used to identify those factors which were independently predictive of subsequent menopausal development.",
"There was an 80% (n = 983) survey response rate. After exclusion of current HRT users (n = 178); 150 (19%) women were postmenopausal, 277 (34%) had erratic menstruation and 378 (47%) were premenopause. There were significant univariate associations between menopausal status and age (P < 0.001), age of maternal menopause (P = 0.006), alcohol consumption (P = 0.005) and social class (P = 0.03). Maternal age and alcohol consumption were significantly correlated with estradiol levels (r = 0.45, P = 0.02, and r = 0.61, P = 0.02 for maternal age and alcohol consumption, respectively). In proportional odds regression analyses, age, maternal menopausal age, alcohol consumption and smoking were independently associated with menopausal status."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Age Factors",
"Alcohol Drinking",
"Climacteric",
"Estrogens",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"Prospective Studies",
"Regression Analysis",
"Smoking"
]
} | These results suggest that, (1) there is a strong familial association in menopausal age, and (2) moderate consumption of alcohol is associated with delayed menopausal development. | yes |
19,225,427 | Is a single test of antimullerian hormone in late reproductive-aged women a good predictor of menopause? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to assess the capability of a single measurement of antimullerian hormone (AMH) to predict menopause status in late reproductive-aged women.",
"A group of 147 women, naturally fertile, aged 40 to 50 years with regular menstrual cycles were selected from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study cohort. Participants were assessed three times at 3-year intervals (T1-T3), and their blood levels of AMH were measured. The World Health Organization classification was used to define menopause status. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve was calculated to assess the ability of AMH at T1 to discriminate between women who have reached menopause status and those who have not. Cutoff points and their relevant sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated.",
"Of 147 women, menopause occurred in 60. With use of the AMH level at T1, the probability of an accurate prediction of not reaching menopause status within the next 6 years for women aged 40 to 50 years was 88% (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.83-0.94; P < 0.001). A threshold of 0.39 ng/mL for AMH had the optimal combined sensitivity and specificity for prediction with a positive predictive value of 0.90 (95% CI, 0.81-0.96) and negative predictive value of 0.76 (95% CI, 0.65-0.86). Results for a slightly lower (0.365 ng/mL) and higher (0.49 ng/mL) AMH threshold had negligible effect. Stratified analysis for women aged 40 to 44 and 45 to 49 years produced similar results."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Anti-Mullerian Hormone",
"Body Mass Index",
"Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay",
"Fasting",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"ROC Curve",
"Reference Values",
"Sensitivity and Specificity",
"Time Factors"
]
} | Of every 10 women in late reproductive age with AMH levels greater than 0.39 ng/mL, only one will reach menopause status within the next 6 years. A single AMH measurement is a good predictor for the onset of menopause. | yes |
25,761,872 | Does surgical menopause initiate molecular changes that do not result in mechanical changes in normal and healing ligaments? | {
"contexts": [
"Ligaments which heal spontaneously have a healing process that is similar to skin wound healing. Menopause impairs skin wound healing and may likewise impair ligament healing. Our purpose in this study was to investigate the effect of surgical menopause on ligament healing in a rabbit medial collateral ligament model.",
"Surgical menopause was induced with ovariohysterectomy surgery in adult female rabbits. Ligament injury was created by making a surgical gap in the midsubstance of the medial collateral ligament. Ligaments were allowed to heal for six or 14 weeks in the presence or absence of oestrogen before being compared with uninjured ligaments. Molecular assessment examined the messenger ribonucleic acid levels for collagens, proteoglycans, proteinases, hormone receptors, growth factors and inflammatory mediators. Mechanical assessments examined ligament laxity, total creep strain and failure stress.",
"Surgical menopause in normal medial collateral ligaments initiated molecular changes in all the categories evaluated. In early healing medial collateral ligaments, surgical menopause resulted in downregulation of specific collagens, proteinases and inflammatory mediators at 6 weeks of healing, and proteoglycans, growth factors and hormone receptors at 14 weeks of healing. Surgical menopause did not produce mechanical changes in normal or early healing medial collateral ligaments. With or without surgical menopause, healing ligaments exhibited increased total creep strain and decreased failure stress compared with uninjured ligaments."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | Surgical menopause did not affect the mechanical properties of normal or early healing medial collateral ligaments in a rabbit model. The results in this preclinical model suggest that menopause may result in no further impairment to the ligament healing process. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2015;4:38-44. | yes |
21,946,090 | Does meta-analysis suggest that smoking is associated with an increased risk of early natural menopause? | {
"contexts": [
"Age at natural menopause (ANM) is usually defined as the age at the last menstrual bleeding followed by the absence of menses for 12 consecutive months. Although many studies have suggested an association between smoking and early age at natural menopause, evidence remains conflicting because some studies reported inconsistent or contrasting results. To resolve this ambiguity and to quantitatively evaluate the effect of smoking on ANM, we conducted a meta-analysis of the available data about smoking and ANM.",
"After extensive searching of public literature databases, a total of 11 studies were selected for this meta-analysis. Among them, the phenotype of the participants in five studies (dichotomous studies) was classified as early or late ANM, and odds ratio (OR) was used to evaluate the effect of smoking on early ANM. For the other six studies (continuous studies), mean and SD were provided for smoking and nonsmoking samples, and weighted mean difference (WMD) was used as the effect size.",
"We found that smoking was significantly associated with early ANM in both dichotomous and continuous studies. The pooled effect was OR = 0.74 (95% CI, 0.60-0.91, P < 0.01) in the dichotomous studies. For the continuous studies, the pooled effect estimated by WMD was -1.12 (95% CI, -1.80 to -0.44, P = 0.04). After adjustment of the original data for heterogeneity, the pooled results changed only a little: OR = 0.67 (95% CI, 0.61-0.73, P < 0.01) for dichotomous studies and WMD = -0.90 (95% CI, -1.58 to -0.21, P = 0.01) for the continuous studies."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | The results of our study suggest that smoking is a significant independent factor for early ANM. | yes |
18,373,052 | Does bone mineral density at menopause predict breast cancer incidence? | {
"contexts": [
"In this prospective study in 2,137 perimenopausal and early postmenopausal women who were followed over a 13.1-year period of time, we observed no association between bone mineral density measured at the beginning of menopause and the subsequent risk of breast cancer.",
"This study aimed to investigate the relationship between BMD and the risk of breast cancer (BC) in young postmenopausal women.",
"As part of a clinical research program, 2,137 women who were perimenopausal or within their 5 first postmenopausal years were scanned between 1988-1990 and reviewed on average 13.1 years after their initial examination. Ninety-eight incident BC cases were recorded throughout the follow-up.",
"Women with incident BC significantly differed from those who had never had BC with regard to age at menarche, age of birth of 1st child, familial history of BC and postmenopausal hormone therapy (PHT) use. There was no significant difference between the two groups for baseline DXA of the spine. There was a trend for BC cases for having lower femoral neck BMD compared to women without BC. However, women with low BMD were more likely to have taken PHT by the end of the study. In Cox multivariate analyses the relationship between BC risk and femoral neck BMD no longer existed."
],
"labels": [
"UNLABELLED",
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Age Factors",
"Anthropometry",
"Bone Density",
"Breast Neoplasms",
"Epidemiologic Methods",
"Estrogen Replacement Therapy",
"Female",
"Femur Neck",
"Humans",
"Lumbar Vertebrae",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"Perimenopause",
"Postmenopause",
"Prognosis"
]
} | There was no relationship between BMD measured within the first postmenopausal years and the risk of BC, which makes unlikely the possibility of using BMD as a predictor factor for BC in early postmenopausal women. | no |
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